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STATISTICS  OF  INCOME  .  .  .  1954 


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for  1954 


U.  S.   TREASURY   DEPARTMENT  •   INTERNAL   REVENUE   SERVICE 


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Statistics  of  Income    /   1954 


Individual 

INCOME  TAX 
RETURNS 


^^ 


for  1954 


"""^^^ 


Prepared  under  the  direction  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue 
by  the  Statistics  Division 


U.  S.  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


Internal  Revenue  Service       •       Publication  No.  79 


Boston  Public  Library 
Superintpri'i''Tit  of  Documents 


dMimt58 


S'-"  1  1  19»» 


UNITED  STATES 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

WASHINGTON  :  1957 


For  sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.  S.  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington  25,  D.  C.     -     Price  75  cents  (paper  cover) 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL 


Treasvky  Department, 
Office  or  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue, 

Washington,  D.  C,  Octoher  22, 1957. 

Sir  :  In  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  section  fil08  of  the  Internal  Rev- 
enue Code  of  1954,  whicli  states  that  statistics  sliall  be  published  annually  with 
respect  to  the  operation  of  income  tax  laws,  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  this  re- 
port for  Statistics:  of  Income— 195^,  Individiml  Income  Tax  Retiii'mi  for  I9o4. 
Information  relative  to  sources  of  income,  items  of  deductions,  exemptions,  tax 
credits,  and  tax  liability  is  tabulated  by  various  classitications  of  income  and 
taxpayers. 

Emphasis  has  been  fjiven  to  several  new  features  of  the  1954  Code,  such  as 
exclusions  from  gross  income  for  sick  pay  and  dividends,  retirement  income  and 
medical  costs  for  significant  age  groups,  contributions  in  excess  of  20  percent  of 
adjusted  gross  income,  and  the  marital  status  for  a  surviving  spouse.  As  the 
amount  of  taxable  income  was  either  reported  or  computed  for  each  type  of 
individual  return,  it  was  possible  for  the  first  time  to  classify  the  returns  by  the 
size  of  the  tax  base  and  to  group  them  according  to  the  applicable  tax  rate. 

Respectfully, 

Ri'ssELiv  C.  Harrington, 

Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue. 

Honorable  Robert  B.  Anderson, 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


OTHER  STATISTICS  OF  INCOME  PUBLICATIONS 

FOR  1954 

Corporations        Preliminary  Statistics  of  Income,  1954 — Corporation    Income 
Tax  Returns 

Income  statements,  balance  sheets,  tax,  dividends  paid;  classified 
by  major  industry  groups.  Historical  summary  of  total  compiled 
receipts,  profit  or  loss,  taxes,  dividends  paid  by  net  income  status, 
1950-54.  (39  pp.,  30fS) 
Statistics  oj  Income,  1954 — Corporation  Income  Tax  Returns 
Income  statements,  balance  sheets,  taxes,  dividends  paid,  tax 
credit.  Classifications  by  industry  groups,  size  of  net  income,  size 
of  total  assets,  accounting  periods,  accounting  and  inventory 
valuation  methods.  Special  tables  on  beginning  and  ending  inven- 
tories of  manufacturing  and  trade  corporations,  cash  dividends 
paid,  corporations  filing  first  returns,  returns  with  foreign  tax 
credits,  Western  Hemisphere  trade  corporations,  personal  holding 
companies.     Historical  summary   1945-54. 

Individuals  Preliminary   Statistics   of  Income,   1954 — Individual    Income 

Tax  Returns 

Adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  income,  income  tax  liability, 
sources  of  income,  exemptions,  tax  credits,  itemized  nonbusiness 
deductions;  classified  by  size  of  adjusted  gross  income.  Selected 
sources  of  income  by  States  and  Territories.     (20  pp.,  20^) 

Fiduciaries  Statistics  of  Income,  1954 — Fiduciary  Income  Tax  Returns 

Total  income,  taxable  income,  income  tax,  sources  of  income,  deduc- 
tions, exemptions;  classified  by  size  of  total  income.  Selected 
sources  of  income  by  States  and  Territories.  Taxable  income  and 
income  tax  by  size  of  taxable  income. 

Estates  Statistics  of  Income,  1954 — Estate  Tax  Returns 

Gross  estate,  deductions,  net  estate,  taxes,  and  tax  credits.  Classifi- 
cations by  size  of  gross  estate,  size  of  net  estate  before  specific 
exemptions.  Selected  estate  tax  data  by  States  and  Territories. 
(26  pp.,  25fi) 

FOR  1953 


Sole  proprietor 
ships 


Partnerships 


(Subjects  not  included  for  1954) 

Statistics  of  Income  for  1953,  Part  1,  Individual  Income   Tax 
Returns,  Estate  Tax  Returns,  Gift  Tax  Returns 

Sole  proprietorship  income,   business  receipts,   net  profit  or  loss. 
Classifications  by  size    of   total   receipts,    industry    groups.     (138 
pp.,  75fS) 
Statistics  of  Income,  1953 — Partnership  Returns 

Partnership  receipts,  deductions,  profit  and  loss,  assets,  liabilities. 
Classifications  by  industry  groups,  size  of  ordinary  net  income  or 
deficit,  size  of  total  receipts.  Frequency  of  returns  by  year  of 
organization,  new  or  successor  business  Self-employment  income 
and  family  partnership  data.     (62  pp.,  45(!) 

Statistics  of  Income,  1953 — Farmers'  Cooperative  Income    Tax 
Returns 

Receipts,  deductions,  net  income  or  deficit,  tax,  assets,  liabilities, 
special  deductions  and  adjustments.  Classifications  by  size  of 
business  receipts,  size  of  total  assets,  net  income  status.  States  and 
Territories,  type  of  service  performed,  exemption  status.  (42  pp., 
40(S) 
Gifts  Statistics  of  Income  for  1953,  Part  1,   Individual  Income   Tax 

Returns,  Estate  Tax  Returns,  Gift  Tax  Returns 

Total  gifts,  exclusions,  deductions,  net  gifts,  tax.     Classifications 
by  size  of  net  gifts,  size  of  total  gifts  plus  gift  tax,  tax  status,  type 
of  property.     (138  pp.,  75^) 
Statistics  of  Income  publications  are  for  sale  by  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  U.  S. 
Government  Printing  Office,  Washington  25,  D.  C. 
IV 


Farmers'  coop 
eratives 


CONTENTS 

Page 
Introduction 1 

INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS 

Characteristics  of  the  year 5 

Composition  of  adjusted  gross  income 8 

Individual  income  tax  provisions  for  1954 8 

Returns  from  which  data  were  tabulated 9 

Marital  status  of  taxpayer 11 

Personal  exemptions 11 

Salary  exclusions  for  sick  pay 12 

Dividends  received 1 

Contributions 15 

Drug  and  medical  costs 17 

Retirement  income 17 

Tabulated  data 19 

Description  of  sample  and  limitations  of  data 21 

Explanation  of  classifications  and  terms 23 

Classification  of  individual  returns 23 

Sources  comprising  adjusted  gross  income 24 

Itemized  nonbusiness  deductions 26 

Exemptions 27 

Measures  of  individual  income 28 

Tax  items 28 

Basic  tables,  1954: 

1.  Number  of  returns,  adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  income,  and  income  tax, 

by  adjusted  gross  income  classes  and  classes  cumulated 33 

2.  Sources  of  income  and  loss  and  nonbusiness  deductions,  by  returns  with 

standard  or  itemized  deductions 34 

3.  Sources  of  income  and  loss  and  nonbusiness  deductions,  by  adjusted  gross 

income  classes 35 

4.  Sources  of  income  and  loss,  exemptions,  and  tax  items — all  returns,  joint 

returns,  and  other  returns,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 36 

5.  Itemized  nonbusiness  deductions,  exemptions,  and  tax  items,  by  adjusted 

gross   income   classes — returns   with   itemized   deductions 48 

6.  Number  of  returns  by  size  of  source  and  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 50 

7.  Number  of  returns  by  size  of  nonbusiness  deduction  and  by  adjusted  gross 

income  classes 55 

8.  Taxable  income,  tax  credits,  and  income  tax,  by  taxable  income  classes  for 

applicable  tax  rates 56 

9.  Adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  income,  income  tax,  average  tax,  and  effective 

tax  rate,  by  types  of  income  tax  and  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 58 

10.  Adjusted  gross  income,   exemptions,  taxable  income,   and  income  tax,   by 

marital  status  of  taxpayer,  by  returns  with  standard  or  itemized  deduc- 
tions, and  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 59 

11.  Exemptions  by  marital  status  of  taxpayer  and  by  adjusted  gross  income 

(jlasses 65 

12.  Capital  gains  and  losses,  short-  and  long-term,  and  capital  loss  carryover, 

by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 69 

13.  Selected  sources  of  income  by  States  and  Territories 71 

14.  Adjusted  gross  income  and  income  tax,  by  States  and  Territories  and  by 

adjusted  gross  income  classes 72 

15.  Returns  with  self-employment  tax — adjusted  gross  income  and  self-employ- 

ment tax,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 75 

16.  Returns  with  self-employment  tax — adjusted  gross  income  and  self-employ- 

ment tax,  by  States  and  Territories 76 

Historical  tables,  1945-54: 

17.  Number  of  returns  by  major  characteristics,  adjusted  gross  income,  deficit, 

and  tax 79 

v 


VI  CONTENTS 

Historical  tables,  1945-54 — Continued 

18.  Returns  with  income  tax — number,  adjusted  gross  income,  income  tax,  and      Page 

average  tax,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 80 

19.  Sources  of  income  by  type 81 

20.  Selected  sources  of  income  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 82 

21.  Itemized  deductions  by  type 84 

22.  Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income — number,  adjusted  gross  income,  and 

income  tax,  by  States  and  Territories 85 

SYNOPSIS  OF  TAX  LAWS 

Income  tax: 

A.  Requirement  for  filing  return  and  exemptions 89 

B.  Income  tax  rates 90 

Self-employment  tax: 

C.  Requirement  for  filing  return  and  tax  rate 91 

FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS,  1954 

Form  1040,  Individual  Income  Tax  Return 95 

Form  1040A,  Individual  Income  Tax  Return 125 

INDEX 
Alphabetical  index 129 


INTRODUCTION 


This  is  one  of  several  reports  issued  for  StatiKticK  of  Income — lHoIt  in  which 
data  for  Individual  Income  Tax  Returns  are  published  in  a  separate  volume. 
Formerly,  statistical  data  for  individual  income  tax  returns  were  included  in 
the  annual  report,  Statistics  of  Income,  Part  1. 

Information  in  this  report  was  taken  from  individual  income  tax  returns 
filed  for  the  income  year  1954  on  Forms  1040,  whether  long-  or  short-forms,  and 
on  Form  1040A,  the  new  card-form  for  income  under  $5,000.  Althoujih  these 
three  types  of  returns  varied  in  form  and  content,  it  was  possible  to  integrate 
the  data  reported  on  each,  so  that  the  tabulations  are  a  complete  coverage  for 
all  individual  returns. 

Many  new  items  resulted  from  changes  in  the  law  under  the  1954  Code. 
Several  of  the  text  tables  are  devoted  to  such  features.  In  addition,  there  are 
sixteen  basic  tables  giving  comprehensive  data  distributed  by  significant  cla.ssi- 
tications.  No  data  were  compiled  this  year  from  the  business  schedule  V  or  the 
farm  schedule  1040F  attached  to  the  return  of  a  sole  proprietor.  Following 
the  basic  tables,  there  are  six  historical  tables  with  important  information  as- 
sembled for  the  most  recent  10-year  period. 

A  brief  synopsis  of  the  tax  law,  relating  to  individual  income  under  recent 
acts,  covering  filing  requirements,  exemptions,  income  tax  and  self-employment 
tax  rates,  follows  the  statistical  tables. 

Facsimiles  of  Individual  Income  Tax  Returns,  Form  1040  and  Form  1040A, 
for  1954  are  inserted  at  the  end  of  tlie  report. 

On  August  21,  1957,  a  Preliminary  Report,  Statistics  of  Income — 19-^lt,  In- 
dividual Income  Tax  Returns  was  issued  containing  four  tables  which  are  in- 
cluded in  this  report  without  change  as  tables  1,  4,  5,  and  13. 

1 


Individual 


Income  Tax 


Returns 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


CHARACTERISTICS  OF  THE   YEAR 

The  total  number  of  individual  income  tax  returns 
filed  for  the  income  year  1954  was  56.7  million,  a  de- 
crease of  over  one  million  from  the  all-time  higji 
filed  for  1953.  There  were  42.6  million  returns  with  in- 
come tax  after  credits  and  14.1  million  with  no  income 
tax  liability  for  1954. 

Adjusted  gross  income  of  $230.2  billion,  reported  on 
56.3  million  returns,  was  larger  than  for  any  previous 
year.  This  adjusted  gross  income  exceeded  that  for 
1953  by  nearly  $400  million,  even  though  there  were 
1.1  million  fewer  1954  returns  with  adjusted  gross  in- 
come. An  adjusted  gross  deficit  of  $1  billion  w^as  re- 
ported on  over  400  thousand  1954  returns  with  no  ad- 
justed gross  income.  This  deficit  was  12  percent  less 
than  that  for  the  previous  year  although  there  was  a 
4  percent  increase  in  the  number  of  deficit  returns  for 
1954.  The  net  amount  of  adjusted  gross  income  for 
the  56.7  million  1954  returns  was  $229.2  billion,  which 
was  about  $500  million  above  the  corresponding  amount 
for  1953. 

Taxable  income,  the  tax  base  under  the  1954  Code, 
was  $115.3  billion  on  42.8  million  returns,  some  of  which 
had  no  income  tax  liability  after  credits.  Unlike  1953, 
the  tax  base  was  either  reported  on  or  computed  for 
each  1954  return. 

Table  4.— NUMBER  OF  RETURNS,  INCOME,  DEFICIT,  AND  TAXES:  1964  AND  1963 


Increase  or 

Items 

1954 

1953 
(adjusted) 

decrease 

Number  or 
amount 

Percent 

All  returns: 

Number  of  returns 

56,747,008 

57,838,184 

-1,091,176 

-1.9 

Adjusted  gross   income 

thousand  dollars . . 

230,^35,855 

229,863,409 

+372,446 

+  .2 

Adjusted  gross  deficit 

thousand  dollars.. 

1,014,480 

1,155,153 

-140,673 

-12.2 

Self-employiDent  tax 

thousand  dollars.. 

301,498 

226,614 

+74,884 

+33.0 

Taxable  returns: 

Number  of  returns 

42,633,060 

44,159,622 

-1,526,562 

-3.5 

Adjusted  gross  income 

thousand  dollars.. 

209,668,830 

210,483,602 

-814,772 

-.4 

Income  tax thousand  dollars . . 

26,665,753 

29,430,659 

-2,764,906 

-9.4 

Nontaxable  returns: 

Total  number  of  re  turns 

14,113,948 
13,673,644 
20,567,025 

U,  678, 562 
13,256,263 
19,379,607 

+435,386 

+417,381 

+1,187,218 

+3.2 

With  adjusted  gross  income: 

Number  of  returns 

+3.1 

Adjusted  gross  income 

thousand  dollars.. 

+6.1 

With  no  adjusted  gross  income: 

Number  of  returns 

440,304 

422,299 

+18,005 

+4.3 

Adjusted  gross  deficit 

thousand  dollars.. 

1,014,480 

1,155,153 

-140,673 

-12.2 

Income  tax  liability  for  1954,  reported  on  42.6  million 
taxable  returns,  was  $26.7  billion  after  the  tax  credits 
were  deducted.  The  income  tax  after  credits  was  9 
percent,  or  $2.8  billion,  below  that  for  1953.  Several 
reasons  contribute  to  the  decrease.  Direct  causes  were 
1.5  million  fewer  returns  with  income  tax  for  1954,  lower 


income  tax  rates  than  for  1953,  and  two  new  tax  credits 
granted  under  the  1954  Code.  Other  contributing 
causes  were  liberalized  nonbusiness  deductions  and  ex- 
emptions for  dependents,  and  the  broadened  scope  of 
taxpayers  entitled  to  use  split-income  or  the  head  of 
household  rate. 

The  total  tax  credits  claimed  amounted  to  $208  million, 
11  percent  of  which  occurred  on  returns  with  no  in- 
come tax  liability  after  credits,  that  is,  nontaxable  re- 
turns. The  tax  credit  for  dividends  received  of  $118 
million  was  reported  on  2.5  million  returns.  This  was 
more  than  two-thirds  of  the  returns  showing  an  amount 
of  dividends  in  adjusted  gross  income.  Retirement  in- 
come credit,  reported  on  less  than  one-half  million  re- 
turns, amounted  to  $71.2  million,  of  which  29  percent 
was  on  nontaxable  returns.  The  remaining  tax  credits 
of  $18.8  million  for  foreign  tax  paid,  tax  paid  at  source, 
and  for  partially  tax-exempt  interest  were  practically 
all  on  taxable  returns. 

Self-employment  tax  imposed  on  self-employment  in- 
come of  individuals  was  reported  on  4.2  million  returns 
for  1954.  The  self-employment  tax  amounted  to  $301.5 
million,  which  is  about  $75  million  greater  than  the  self- 
employment  tax  for  1953.  The  rate  for  1954  was  3  per- 
cent, three-fourths  of  1  percent  higher  than  last  year. 

In  text  table  A  above,  there  is  a  comparison  of  1954 
and  1953  data  for  the  number  of  returns,  adjusted  gross 
income  and  deficit,  income  tax,  and  self-employment 
tax,  stating  the  increase  or  decrease  over  1953.  The 
classification  of  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  was 
based  on  the  presence  or  absence  of  an  income  tax  lia- 
bility after  credits.  The  1953  data  in  this  comparison 
have  been  adjusted,  since  this  classification  for  the  1953 
tabulations,  as  published  originally,  related  to  total  tax 
liability,  i.  e.,  income  tax  and  self-employment  tax. 

The  alternative  income  tax  for  1954,  reported  on 
returns  in  the  higher  income  classes  which  had  a  net 
long-tenn  capital  gain  in  excess  of  the  net  short-term 
capital  loss,  was  $2.4  billion.  The  number  of  returns 
with  this  tax  for  1954  was  nearly  5,000  greater  than  the 
number  for  1953,  and  the  tax  was  $400  million  greater, 
reflecting  the  increase  in  long-term  capital  gain  for  1954. 

The  optional  tax  table  was  used  to  determine  the  in- 
come tax  on  33  million  returns  with  adjusted  gross  in- 
come under  $5,000  for  1954. 

Part  or  all  of  the  income  tax  on  1954  returns  was  paid 
under  the  current  taxpayment  method  by  tax  withheld 
from  wages  or  by  payments  on  dex?laration  of  estimated 
tax.  These  payments  amounted  to  $27.7  billion;  how- 
ever, there  were  tax  overpayments  to  the  extent  of  $3.7 
billion    on    approximately    35    million    returns.      Self- 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


employment  tax  was  not  paid  currently  but,  if  the  in- 
come tax  was  overpaid,  no  refund  was  available  until 
the  self-employment  tax  was  satisfied.  Refunds  re- 
quested were  $3  billion  and  credit  on  1955  estimated  tax 
was  $700  million. 

Adjusted  gross  income  is  a  legally  defined  tei-m  and 
the  amount  may  be  less  than  the  total  of  all  income  re- 
ceived by  the  taxpayer  throughout  the  year.  Three 
major  reasons  were  responsible  for  this  occurrence  for 
1954:  (1)  certain  types  of  income,  such  as  interest  re- 
ceived on  State  and  municipal  bonds,  are  tax-exempt, 
(2)  specific  sources  of  income,  such  as  salaries  and  wages, 
dividends  received,  and  long-term  capital  gain,  have 
certain  legal  limitations  which  can  reduce  the  amounts 
received  when  they  are  included  in  adjusted  gross 
income,  and  (3)  most  sources  wliich  result  in  a  loss, 
instead  of  a  gain  or  profit,  can  be  subtracted  when  com- 
puting the  composite  adjusted  gross  income.  Some  of 
the  outstanding  features  of  the  components  of  the  1954 
adjusted  gross  income  follow. 

Salaries  and  wages  reported  in  adjusted  gross  income 
for  1954  amounted  to  $186  billion.  These  salaries  and 
wages  were  exclusive  of  the  wages  received  under  wage 
continuation  plans  for  sickness  or  injury  which,  under 
the  new  Code,  are  excludable  from  gross  income.  Sala- 
ries and  wages  included  in  adjusted  gross  income  for 
1954  were  $1.8  billion  below  the  amount  reported  for 
1953,  and  there  were  nearly  1  million  less  returns  with 
salaries  and  wages  than  there  were  in  the  1953  report. 
The  amount  of  wages  excluded  from  gross  income  on  ac- 
count of  sick  pay  is  tabulated  in  text  table  E  and  dis- 
cussed under  Salary  Exclusions  for  Sick  Pay,  page  12. 

Dividends  received  from  corporate  stock  and  included 
in  adjusted  gross  income  for  1954  amounted  to  $7 
billion.  This  amount,  reported  on  Form  1040,  was  ex- 
clusive of  dividends  that  qualified  for  tlie  exclusion  from 
gross  income  of  dividends  up  to  $50,  allowed  under  the 
new  Code  to  each  individual  taxpayer  (on  joint  returns, 
up  to  $100  if  both  spouses  received  such  dividends). 
The  increase  of  $1.2  billion  of  dividends  in  adjusted  gross 
income  for  1954  over  the  amount  reported  for  1953  was, 
to  a  large  degree,  the  result  of  a  change  in  method 
of  reporting  dividends  received  by  beneficiaries  from 
estates  and  trusts  and  by  partners  from  their  partner- 
ships. For  1953,  dividends  received  through  partner- 
ships and  fiduciaries  were  reported  as  income  from  these 
entities,  but  for  1954,  income  that  was  accorded  special 
treatment,  such  as  dividends,  retained  its  character  and 
was  reported  separately. 

Among  the  1954  returns  under  $5,000  adjusted  gross 
income,  1  return  in  28  had  dividends  in  adjusted  gi'oss 
income,  while  1  in  every  7  returns  with  adjusted  gross 
income  of  $5,000  or  more  had  dividends.  In  each  case, 
the  occurrence  is  less  frequent  than  in  1953.  The  re- 
duced frequency  of  dividend  occurrence  in  1954  was,  to 
some  extent,  a  result  of  the  fact  that  receipt  of  divi- 
dends totaling  less  than  the  allowable  dividend  exclusion 
did  not  enter  into  tiie  composition  of  adjusted  gross 


income.  Additional  information  relating  to  dividends 
will  be  found  under  the  section  for  Dividends  Received, 
on  pages  12-15. 

The  deci-ease  of  $1  billion  in  tlie  income  from  estates 
and  trusts  for  1954  resulted  principally  from  the  separa- 
tion of  dividends  received  by  beneficiaries  from  the  other 
fiduciary  income  received. 

Interest  received  during  1954  income  year  was  $2.4 
billion,  an  increase  of  16  percent  over  that  reported  for 
1953.  Annuities  and  pensions  for  1954  showed  an  in- 
crease of  $135  million,  or  20  percent. 

In  determining  the  income  received  from  businesses, 
partnerships,  rents  and  royalties,  sales  of  capital  assets, 
and  sales  of  property  other  than  capital  assets,  both  the 
income  and  loss  from  each  type  of  transaction  should 
be  considered.  Combining  these  positive  and  negative 
amounts  resulted,  for  1954,  in  a  business  profit,  partner- 
ship profit,  rent  and  royalty  income,  gain  from  sale  of 
capital  assets,  and  a  loss  from  sales  of  property  other 
than  capital  assets.  Both  business  and  partnership 
profits  increased  for  1954,  but  the  rent  and  royalty  in- 
come showed  a  slight  decrease,  as  compared  with  1953. 
Gain  on  the  sale  of  all  types  of  capital  assets  showed  an 
exceptionally  large  increase  of  62  percent  over  1953. 
The  loss  from  sales  of  property  other  than  capital  assets 
was  smaller  than  for  1953.  The  net  operating  loss  de- 
duction was  28  percent  less  than  that  reported  for  1953. 

Standard  deduction  was  elected  by  taxpayers  on  41 
million  returns  for  1954,  or  72  percent  of  all  returns 
filed.  However,  the  proportion  of  standard  deduction 
returns  has  been  decreasing  steadily  for  several  years. 

More  than  two-thirds  of  the  itemized  deduction  re- 
turns for  1954  had  interest  paid  and  93  percent  showed 
a  deduction  for  State  and  local  taxes  paid. 

The  deduction  for  contributions  amounted  to  $3.9 
billion  which  was  an  increase  of  more  than  9  percent 
over  the  deduction  for  1953.  This  increase  may  be  at- 
tributable to  the  increased  allowance  under  the  1954 
Code  for  contributions  and  gifts  to  hospitals,  churches, 
and  educational  institutions,  and  to  tiie  contributions  de- 
ducted by  1.1  million  more  persons  claiming  contribu- 
tions on  1954  returns.  A  deduction  was  claimed  on  93 
percent  of  the  itemized  returns.  The  allowable  deduc- 
tion for  contributions  in  excess  of  20  percent  of  adjusted 
gross  income  is  tabulated  in  text  table  H;  and  other  fea- 
tures regarding  the  extra  deduction  are  stated  in  tiie  text 
under  Contributions,  page  15. 

Medical  expenses  were  deducted  on  8.6  million,  or  55 
percent,  of  the  1954  returns  with  itemized  deductions. 
There  were  1.4  million  more  returns  with  this  deduction 
than  in  the  previous  year.  The  medical  deduction  for 
1954  amounted  to  nearly  $3  billion,  which  was  an  in- 
crease of  $600  million,  or  24  percent,  above  the  1953  de- 
duction. The  increase  was  the  result  of  the  liberalized 
medical  deduction  under  the  1954  Code  which  raised  the 
amount  of  maximiun  deduction  and  lowered  the  ex- 
cluded amount  of  such  expenses  from  5  to  3  percent  of 
adjusted  gross  income.     The  latter  enabled  more  tax- 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


payers  to  claim  the  deduction.  The  average  medical 
deduction  per  return  was  $344  for  the  1954  returns,  as 
compared  with  $330  for  the  1953  returns.  The  entire 
medical  costs  reported  on  the  1954  returns  are  set  forth 
later  in  the  text  under  the  section  for  Drug  and  Medical 
Costs,  together  with  its  accompanying  text  table  I, 
pages  16  and  17. 

The  new  allowance  for  child  care  was  claimed  on 
272,737  returns  and  the  deduction  amounted  to  $88.7 
million.  Casualty  losses  showed  an  increase  of  13  per- 
cent over  the  1953  losses. 

In  connection  with  the  claim  for  retirement  income 
credit  against  the  income  tax,  data  relating  to  the  in- 
come of  retired  persons  are  available  on  tlie  1954  re- 
turns. Of  the  493,418  persons  with  this  tax  credit,  more 
than  433,000  were  65  or  more  yeare  of  age.  Further  in- 
formation about  retired  taxpayers  is  given  in  the  section 
of  the  text  on  Retirement  Income  and  text  tables  J  and 
K,  pages  17-19. 

In  chart  1,  data  from  returns  with  adjusted  gross  in- 
come for  1954  illustrate  the  proportion  of  total  returns, 
total  adjusted  gross  income,  and  total  income  tax  which 
was  contributed  by  each  of  the  three  following  adjusted 
gross  income  groups :  Under  $5,000,  $5,000  under  $10,000, 
and  $10,000  or  more. 

The  lowest  income  group,  adjusted  gi'oss  income  un- 
der $5,000,  had  74  percent  of  all  the  returns  with  ad- 
justed gross  income,  which  is  one-half  of  1  percent  less 
than  for  1953.  Adjusted  gross  income  was  46  percent 
of  the  total  adjusted  gross  income,  or  1  percent  less  than 


for  1953.  Income  tax  was  28  percent  of  the  total  in- 
come tax,  or  2  percent  less  than  for  1953.  -^ 

The  middle  income  group,  adjusted  gross  income 
$5,000  under  $10,000,  contributed  22  percent  of  the  re- 
turns with  adjusted  gross  income.  Although  this  is  a 
slight  increase  over  the  proportion  contributed  by  this 
group  for  1953,  the  number  of  returns  for  1954  actually 
decreased  by  120,652.  The  adjusted  gross  income  was 
35.5  percent  of  the  total,  a  proportion  slightly  smaller 
than  for  the  previous  year.  Income  tax  was  34.6  per- 
cent of  the  total  income  tax,  but  it  is  about  1  percent 
below  the  corresponding  tax  reported  for  1953. 

The  highest  income  group,  adjusted  gross  income 
$10,000  or  more,  contributed  nearly  4  percent  of  the  re- 
turns witli  adjusted  gross  income.  This  group  lias  had 
a  steady,  though  small,  increase  annually  since  1949 
in  the  proportion  of  returns  contributed.  There  was  an 
increase  of  127,463  returns  for  1954  over  1953.  This 
income  group  accounted  for  more  than  18  percent  of  the 
adjusted  gross  income,  as  compared  with  less  tlian  17 
percent  for  1953.  The  dollar  increase  in  adjusted  gross 
income  for  1954  was  $3.3  billion.  The  proportion  of 
adjusted  gross  income  contributed  by  this  group  is  the 
largest  since  1949.  Of  the  total  income  tax,  this  group 
reported  over  37  percent,  which  is  nearly  3  percent  more 
than  the  1953  proportion.  However,  there  was  a  de- 
crease in  tlie  1954  amount  of  income  tax,  which  was  also 
a  characteristic  of  the  other  two  groups. 

For  the  past  few  years,  the  lowest  income  group,  ad- 
justed gross  income  under  $5,000,  has  continued  to  show 
a  decline  in  the  proportion  contributed  toward  the  total 


Chad  1  -RETURNS  WITH  ADIUSTEO  GROSS  INCOME,  BY  INCOME  GROUPS,  1954 


Percent    of    total 
1001 


Percent  of  total 
1  100 


90 


70 


60 


50 


30 


^^     NUMBER  OF  RETURNS 

ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME 


^ 


INCOME  TAX 
LIABILITY 


^^ 


wmmm. 


80 


70 


50 


40 


30 


UNDER  »S,aoo 


(S.OOO  UNDER  (10,000 
ADJUSTED  GROSS    INCOME  GROUPS 


$10,000  OR  MORE 


8 

of  each  item  compared.  However,  the  trend  in  the  pro- 
portion contributed  by  each  of  the  two  higher  income 
groups  has  changed  somewhat  for  1954.  The  middle 
income  group,  adjusted  gross  income  $5,000  under 
$10,000,  shows,  for  the  first  time  since  1949,  a  decrease 
in  the  proportion  of  adjusted  gross  income  and  of  in- 
come tax.  The  highest  income  group,  adjusted  gross 
income  $10,000  or  more,  shows  an  increase  in  the  pro- 
portion of  adjusted  gross  income  and  of  tax  for  the  first 
time  since  1950. 

COMPOSITION  OF  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME 

The  principal  sources  of  income  comprising  adjusted 
gross  income  for  1954  are  shown  in  chart  2  by  their  per- 
centage relationship  to  adjusted  gross  income.  The  four 
largest  sources— salaries  and  wages,  business,  partner- 
ship, and  dividends— are  allotted  separate  areas.  The 
remaining  income,  which  is  grouped  together,  includes 
interest,  annuities  and  pensions,  income  and  loss  from 
estates  and  trusts,  net  income  and  net  loss  from  rents 
and  royalties,  net  gain  and  the  deductible  loss  from  sales 
of  capital  assets  and  other  property,  net  operating  loss 
deduction,  and  the  other  sources  as  reported  in  adjusted 
gross  income. 

Eighty-one  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income  consists 
of  salaries  and  wages.  Business  and  partnership  enter- 
prises together  form  11  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income 
and  dividends  contribute  3  percent.  The  components 
of  adjusted  gross  income  for  1954  changed  very  little 
percentagewise  when  compared  with  their  respective 
proportion  of  the  1953  adjusted  gross  income. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Chait  2.- COMPOSITION  OF  ADIOSTEO  GROSS  INCOME, 

1934 

BUSINESS         1^^ 

SALARIES 

N 

\ 

PARIHERSHIP           ^^jp"'llliffli| 

k. 

AND 
WAGES 

\ 

DIVIDENDS^^^jBH 
OTHER    IKCOME^^i^^ 

/ 

T 

ei* 

y 

/ 

ADJUSTED  GROSS 

1 NCOME 

(net)    $229 

BILLION 

INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  PROVISIONS 
FOR  1954 

The  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954  revised  the  in- 
ternal revenue  laws  relating  to  the  individual  income 


tax  in  many  respects.  Several  of  these  changes  affect 
the  inclusion  and  exclusion  of  income  items  comprising 
gross  income  and  consequently  the  amount  of  adjusted 
gross  income  to  be  reported.  Nonbusiness  deductions 
are  altered  in  some  cases  and  a  new  deduction  is  allowed. 
Tax  credits  in  addition  to  those  formerly  permitted  are 
provided.  Definitions  of  some  of  the  basic  concepts  are 
revised  including  that  for  dependents  and  a  new  marital 
status  is  created.  It  is  not  possible  to  state  all  of  the 
numerous  changes,  but  there  are  specified  below  some 
of  the  important  revisions  which  affect  statistical  data 
tabulated  from  individual  income  tax  returns  for  1954. 
Income  tax  provisions  of  the  1954  Code  apply  to  in- 
come of  individuals  only  with  respect  to  tax  years 
beginning  after  December  31,  1953,  and  ended  after  the 
date  of  enactment,  August  16, 1954. 

The  amount  of  gross  income  for  which  a  return  of 
income  must  be  filed  by  an  individual  65  years  of  age 
or  over,  unless  self-employed,  is  raised  from  $600  to 
$1,200. 

The  income  tax  rates  applicable  to  1954  income  are 
lower  than  those  applicable  to  1953  income.  For  years 
beginning  after  December  31,  1953,  two  legislative  ac- 
tions are  effective:  (1)  The  graduated  surtax  rates  were 
reduced  slightly  by  an  amendment  to  the  1939  Code,  and 
(2)  in  the  1954  Code,  the  3  percent  normal  tax  and  the 
reduced  surtax  are  combined  into  a  single  comprehensive 
rate  schedule.  For  1953  income,  the  normal  tax  was  3 
percent  and  the  graduated  surtax  ranged  from  19.2 
percent  to  89  percent.  For  1954  income,  according  to 
the  amendment  to  the  1939  Code,  the  normal  tax  was 
3  percent  and  the  graduate<l  surtax  rates  were  reduced 
so  that  they  ranged  from  17  percent  to  88  percent. 
However,  in  the  1954  Code,  the  two  latter  sets  of  rates 
are  combined  into  a  single  rat©  schedule,  applicable  to 
taxable  income,  ranging  from  20  percent  to  91  percent. 

Three  new  credits  against  the  income  tax  liability  are 
pennitted  under  the  new  Code.  The  retirement  income 
credit  is  equal  to  20  percent  of  the  amount  of  retirement 
income  up  to  $1,200,  but  cannot  exceed  the  tax  otherwise 
due.  Credit  for  dividends  received  is  allowed  on  returns 
with  tax  year  ended  after  July  31,  1954,  in  an  amount 
equal  to  4  percent  of  the  domestic  dividends  (after  ex- 
clusion) received  subsequent  to  that  date;  however,  the 
credit  may  not  exceed  the  lesser  of  the  total  tax  reduced 
by  the  foreign  tax  credit  or  an  amount  equal  to  2  percent 
of  taxable  income  for  1954  (4  percent  in  subsequent 
years).  Tax  credit  for  partially  tax-exempt  interest 
(allowed  only  if  deductions  are  itemized)  in  the  amount 
of  3  percent  of  such  interest  replaces  the  prior  deduction 
from  net  income  for  normal  tax  purposes. 

The  new  law  eliminates  the  concept  of  net  income,  of 
normal  tax  net  income,  and  of  surtax  net  income  and 
in  place  of  these  substitutes  taxable  income  which  means 
adjusted  gross  income  less  deductions,  standard  or  item- 
ized, and  personal  exemptions  which  are  now  a  deduc- 
tion in  computing  taxable  income. 

The  new  legislation  makes  changes  which  affect  the 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


inclusion  in  gross  income  of  amounts  received  from 
dividends,  annuities,  prizes  and  awards,  alimony  and 
separate  maintenance  payments,  proceeds  of  life  in- 
surance, employee's  death  benefits,  and  income  earned 
over  a  period  of  yeai-s. 

Items  specifically  excluded  from  gross  income  are  a 
partial  exclusion  of  qualifying  domestic  dividends  re- 
ceived, amounts  received  by  employees  under  a  wage 
continuation  plan  for  loss  of  wages  due  to  illness  or 
personal  injury  to  the  extent  of  $100  per  week,  and 
scholai'ship  and  fellowship  grants  with  certain  limita- 
tions. 

The  definition  of  adjusted  gross  income  is  modified 
in  the  case  of  employees  to  allow  deduction  from  gross 
income  of  expenses  as  outside  salesmen  and  non- 
reimbureed  transportation  expenses  for  local  travel  in 
connection  with  one's  employment. 

A  new  itemized  deduction  is  granted  for  a  working 
woman  or  widower  for  the  care  of  a  dependent  child 
or  stepchild  under  12  years  of  age  or  of  a  dependent 
physically  or  mentally  incapable  of  caring  for  iiimself. 
The  care  must  be  for  the  purpose  of  enabling  the  tax- 
payer to  be  employed.  The  deduction  is  limited  to  $600. 
In  case  of  a  working  wife,  the  deduction  is  allowed  only 
if  she  files  a  joint  return  with  her  husband  and  the  $600 
limitation  is  reduced  by  the  amount  by  which  their  com- 
bined adjusted  gross  income  exceeds  $4,500,  except  where 
the  husband  is  incapable  of  self-support. 

The  limit  on  the  amount  of  deduction  allowed  for 
charitable  contributions  and  gifts  is  raised  under  the 
new  law  by  allowing  an  additional  amount  equal  to  10 
percent  of  adjusted  gross  income,  if  the  excess  contri- 
butions represent  contributions  to  churclies  or  tax-ex- 
empt hospitals  and  educational  institutions. 

The  new  law  allows  deduction  for  medical  expenses 
that  are  in  excess  of  3  percent  (formerly  5  percent)  of 
adjusted  gross  income,  but  permits  the  inclusion  of  drugs 
and  medicines  only  to  the  extent  that  they  exceed  one 
percent  of  adjusted  gross  income.  Also,  the  limitation 
on  the  maximum  deduction  for  medical  expenses  is 
raised  to  $2,500  per  exemption  other  than  age  or  blind- 
ness, with  a  maximimi  deduction  of  $5,000  in  the  case 
of  a  single  person  or  a  married  person  filing  a  separate 
return,  and  a  maximum  deduction  of  $10,000  in  the  case 
of  married  persons  filing  a  joint  return,  or  of  a  head  of 
household,  or  of  a  surviving  spouse. 

The  qualifications  for  head  of  household  status  are 
broadened  to  include  any  taxpayer  who  supports  a  de- 
pendent parent  even  though  not  living  in  the  taxpayer's 
home,  if  the  taxpayer  provides  over  one-half  the  co.st  of 
the  household  which  is  the  parent's  principal  abode. 

The  new  Code  allows  a  surviving  spouse  the  full  bene- 
fit of  income  splitting  for  2  years  following  the  death 
of  a  spouse,  provided  he  has  not  remarried  and  main- 
tains a  household  as  his  home  which  is  also  the  principal 
abode  for  a  child  or  stepchild  for  whom  tlie  taxpayer 
is  entitled  to  tiie  $600  deduction  for  personal  exemption. 

The  concept  of  dependent  is  liberalized  in  several  re- 


spects. The  $600  gross  income  test  is  eliminated  for  a 
child  or  a  stepchild  who  is  under  19  years  of  age  or  who, 
regardless  of  age,  is  a  student  at  an  educational  institu- 
tion. In  addition,  the  new  law  adds  to  the  list  of  those 
who  may  qualify  as  a  dependent,  any  person  supported 
by  the  taxpayer  whose  principal  abode  is  the  home  of 
the  taxpayer  and  who  is  a  member  of  the  taxpayer's 
household.  Also,  residents  of  Panama  or  the  Canal 
Zone  may  be  dependents  if  they  otherwise  qualify. 
Two  changes  in  the  support  test  for  determining  de- 
pendency are  introduced.  First,  in  cases  where  a  group 
of  taxpayers  support  a  dependent,  no  one  of  whom  con- 
tributes over  one-half  of  the  support,  the  dependency 
may  be  assigned  to  any  one  of  the  group  who  contributes 
over  10  percent  of  the  support,  if  all  other  persons  who 
contributed  more  than  10  percent  agree  in  writing  that' 
they  will  not  claim  the  dependent  for  that  year.  Second, 
in  case  of  a  child  or  stepchild  of  the  taxpayer,  amounts 
received  as  scholarships  will  not  be  taken  into  account 
in  determining  whether  the  taxpayer  provided  over  half 
of  the  child's  support. 

The  measurement  of  business  income  is  modified  by 
the  more  liberalized  provisions  relating  to  business  de- 
ductions for  depreciation,  research  and  experimental  ex- 
penses, soil  and  water  conservation  expenditures  made 
by  farmers,  loss  carryovers,  and  organizational  expenses. 
Also,  depletion  and  related  allowances  for  mining  and 
natural  resource  industries  are  revised. 

The  business  enterprise  of  a  sole  proprietor  may  be 
taxed  as  if  it  were  a  corporation  when  the  owner  elects 
the  option  to  be  so  taxed. 

The  self-employment  tax  rate  of  3  percent  on  the  1954 
self-employment  income  subject  to  this  tax  was  carried 
into  the  new  Code  from  the  1939  Code  without  change ; 
however,  this  is  an  increase  over  the  214  percent  rate 
applicable  to  1953  self -employment  income. 

RETURNS  FROM  WHICH  DATA  WERE 
TABULATED 

Individual  income  tax  returns  used  to  compile  data 
for  this  report  were  unaudited  returns  and,  therefore,  do 
not  reflect  increases  nor  decreases  in  tax  liability,  in- 
come, deductions,  or  otl\er  items  reported  by  the  tax- 
payer, that  resulted  from  official  audit  of  returns  by  tho 
Internal  Revenue  Service. 

Data  were  taken  from  all  returns  filed  by  citizens 
and  resident  aliens,  except  those  with  no  infonnation 
regarding  income  and  tax  data.  Returns  from  which 
data  were  tabulated  included  returns  of  adults  and  of 
dependent  children  earning  less  than  $600  who  were 
nontaxable  but  who  filed  a  return  to  claim  refund  of 
income  tax  withheld,  although  they  did  not  meet  the 
income  requirement  for  the  filing  of  a  return.  Also, 
data  were  taken  from  returns  of  dependent  children 
under  19  years  of  age  and  dependent  students  who  re- 
ported $600  or  more  of  income,  whether  taxable  or 
nontaxable,  which  met  the  requirement  for  filing. 


10 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


The  individual  income,  tax  returns  used  were  Fonns 
1040  and  1040A  for  the  1954  income  year  covering 
calendar  year  returns,  fiscal  year  returns  ended  within 
the  period  July  1954  tlirough  June  1955,  and  part  year  re- 
turns with  the  greater  number  of  montlis  falling  in  1954. 
The  majority  of  returns  was  for  the  calendar  year  1954. 
Tentative  returns  were  not  used  and  amended  returns 
were  used  only  if  the  original  returns  were  excluded. 
Fiscal  year  and  part  year  returns  beginning  in  1953,  and 
part  year  returns  beginning  in  1954  and  ending  before 
August  17,  1954,  were  subject  to  the  1939  Code.  The 
1954  Code  applies  to  returns  beginning  after  December 
31,  1953  and  ending  after  August  16,  1954. 

Foi-m  1040A,  the  new  card-form  return  for  1954,  was 
used  by  employees  with  less  than  $5,000  total  income 
consisting  of  wages  reported  on  the  Withholding  Tax 
Statement,  Form  W-2,  and  not  more  than  $100  total 
of  other  wages,  dividends,  and  interest.  Husband  and 
wife  could  file  on  this  form  if  their  combined  incomes 
did  not  exceed  these  limits.  Form  1040A  could  not  be 
used  as  a  separate  return  of  a  married  pei-son  if  one 
spouse  itemized  deductions  or  if  divided  community 
income  was  to  be  reported.  Neither  could  this  return 
form  be  used  by  an  individual  claiming  status  as  head 
of  household  or  as  surviving  widow  or  widower.  Al- 
though exclusion  for  sick  pay  was  reported  on  this  card- 
form,  no  other  deduction  from  salaries  and  wages  could 
be  made,  such  as  deductions  for  transportation  and  out- 
of-town  expenses,  reimbursed  expenses,  or  expenses  of 
outside  salesmen.  In  repoi"ting  other  income  on  this 
form,  dividends  received  from  domestic  coi-porations  up 
to  $50  ($100  on  joint  returns)  were  excluded  but  no 
provision  was  made  to  report,  the  amount  of  the  ex- 
clusion. The  income  tax  liability  of  taxpayers  filing 
on  this  form  was  determined  by  the  district  director  of 
internal  revenue,  on  the  basis  of  income  reported,  from 
the  optional  tax  table  applying  to  1954  income.  The 
tax  in  this  table  made  allowance  for  exemptions  and  the 
standard  deduction  which  takes  the  place  of  nonbusiness 
deductions  and  tax  credits. 

Form  1040  for  1954,  either  the  long-form  or  the  short.- 
fonn,  was  used  by  individuals  who,  by  reason  of  the  size 
or  source  of  their  income,  were  not  permitted  to  use 
Form  1040A  and  by  individuals  who,  although  eligible 
to  use  Form  1040A,  found  it  to  their  advantage  to  use 
Form  1040.  To  claim  the  new  tax  credit  for  dividends 
received  or  for  retirement  income,  it  was  necessary  to 
use  Form  1040. 

Individuals  with  adjusted  gross  income  under  $5,000 
from  whatever  source  could  elect  to  use  the  short-form 
return  on  which  nonbusiness  deductions  were  not  re- 
ported, but  on  wliich  allowable  expenses  in  connec-tion 
with  the  employer's  business  wei'e  deducted  from  salaries 
and  wages.  The  income  tax  liability  on  this  short-form 
was  determined  by  the  taxpayer  from  the  optional  tax 
table  on  the  basis  of  adjusted  gross  income.  The  tax 
table  made  allowance  fqr  the  standard  deduction,  ex- 


emptions, and  tax  credits  other  than  for  dividends  re- 
ceived and  for  retirement  income,  both  of  which  could 
be  claimed  on  the  short-fonn  return.  Individuals  with 
adjusted  gross  income  under  $5,000  who  wished  to  claim 
nonbusiness  deductions  in  excess  of  the  standard  deduc- 
tion or  to  claim  tax  credits  other  than  dividends  received 
and  retirement  income  used  the  long-form  return  and 
itemized  their  deductions,  deducted  their  exemptions, 
and  computed  the  taxable  income. 

Individuals  with  adjusted  gross  income  of  $5,000  or 
more  used  the  long-form  return,  claimed  their  exemp- 
tions, and  computed  their  taxable  income.  In  comput- 
ing the  taxable  income,  tlie  taxpayer  could  elect  to  use 
the  standard  deduction  rather  than  to  itemize  non- 
business deductions.  If  he  so  elected,  the  standard 
deduction  was  the  smaller  of  $1,000  or  an  amount  equal 
to  10  percent  of  the  adjusted  gross  income,  except  that, 
in  the  case  of  a  married  person  filing  a  separate  return, 
the  standard  deduction  was  $500.  The  standard  deduc- 
tion was  not  allowed  on  a  separate  return  of  husband  or 
wife  if  the  taxable  income  of  the  other  spouse  was  com- 
puted by  using  itemized  deductions.  When  the  standard 
deduction  was  used,  only  the  two  tax  credits  for  divi- 
dends rex-eived  and  retirement  income  could  be  claimed. 

Individuals  who  used  the  long-form  return,  regard- 
less of  the  amount  of  adjusted  gi-oss  income,  computed 
their  income  tax  liability  based  on  taxable  income,  by 
using  the  income  tax  rates  from  the  tax  rate  schedule 
applicable  to  their  marital  status  and  claiming  the  rele- 
vant tax  credits. 

Facsimiles  of  the  1954  individual  income  tax  returns, 
Forms  1040  and  1040A,  are  placed  at  the  close  of  this 
report,  pages  95-127. 

In  text  table  B  below,  the  number  of  individual  re- 
turns for  1954  is  tabulated  to  show  the  volume  of  re- 
turns filed  on  the  different  forms,  whether  they  had 
standard  deduction  or  itemized  deductions,  and  the  di- 
vision between  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns.  Of  the 
56.7  million  returns  filed,  41  million,  or  72.3  percent,  had 
the  standard  deduction  and  the  remainder  itemized  non- 
business deductions.  Compared  with  1953,  the  number 
with  standard  deduction  decreased  approximately  3  per- 
cent and  the  number  with  itemized  deductions  increased 
about  3  percent. 

The  total  number  of  long-form  returns  was  23.6  mil- 
lion. On  these  the  taxpayer  computed  the  income  tax 
on  the  basis  of  his  taxable  income.  Among  these  re- 
turns, 7.9  million  showed  that  the  taxpayer  elected  to 
use  the  standard  deduction  in  computing  his  taxable 
income. 

The  optional  tax  table  applicable  to  total  income  un- 
der $5,000  was  used  to  determine  the  income  tax  on  13.2 
million  returns.  Form  1040A,  and  on  19.9  million  short- 
form  returns.  Form  1040,  making  a  total  of  33.1  million 
returns,  or  58.4  percent  of  all  returns  filed  for  1954. 
The  optional  tax  was  used  on  a  smaller  percentage  of 
returns  than  last  year. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


11 


T»blo  B.— NUMBER  OF  RETURNS  BV  FORM  OF  RETURN  AND  BV  TAXABLE  AND  NONTAXABLE 

RETURNS 


Tubls  C— NUMBER  OF  RETURNS,  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME,  AND  TAXABLE  INCOME  BV 
MARITAL  STATUS  OF  TAXPAYER 


Form  of  return 

Total 

Taxable 

Nontaxable 

56,747,008 

42,633,060 

14,113,943 

Standard  deduction: 

13,248,741 
19,839,855 

7,906,817 

8, -^6,301 
12,263,724 

7,361,205 

4,452,440 
7,626,131 

45  612 

Short-form  lOiO  with  adjusted  gross  income. . . . 
Long-form  1040  with  adjusted  gross  income 

41,045,4U 

28,921,230 

Itemized  deductions  (long-form): 
Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income  under 

9,013,125 
6,688,470 

7,091,244 
6,620,586 

1,921,881 
67,884 

Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income  $5,000  or 

Total 

15,701,595 

13,711,830 

1,939,765 

MARITAL  STATUS  OF  TAXPAYER 

Among  the  individual  returns  for  1954,  there  were 
3-1.6  million  returns  filed  jointly  by  husband  and  wife. 
This  group  formed  nearly  61  percent  of  all  the  returns. 
Also,  there  were  2.3  million  returns  filed  by  married 
persons  who  reported  their  respective  income  and 
claimed  their  own  exemptions  on  a  return  separate  from 
that  of  the  other  spouse.  This  marital  group  formed 
only  4  percent  of  the  total  returns. 

Single  persons  who  did  not  claim  status  as  head  of 
household  or  surviving  spouse  filed  18.7  million  returns 
for  1954,  which  was  33  percent  of  all  returns.  This  was 
the  second  largest  group  of  returns  among  the  five  mari- 
tal gi'oups.  The  remaining  2  percent  of  returns  for 
1954  were  filed  by  unmarried  individuals,  1.1  million 
of  whom  claimed  head  of  household  status  and  nearly 
64,000  others  who  claimed  status  as  surviving  widow  or 
widower. 

Seventy-seven  percent  of  the  total  adjusted  gross  in- 
come (net)  was  reported  on  joint  returns,  and  another 
18  percent  was  reported  on  returns  of  single  persons  not 
claiming  head  of  household  or  surviving  spouse  status. 
The  joint  returns  showed  the  taxable  income  (tax  base) 
to  be  slightly  less  than  half  of  the  adjusted  gross  income 
reported  on  them,  while  in  all  other  marital  groups,  the 
tax  base  was  more  than  one-half  of  the  adjusted  gross 
income.  The  taxable  income  is  all  inclusive  inasmuch 
as  this  item  was  computed  for  returns  where  it  was  not 
reported. 

Text  table  C  shows  the  number  of  returns,  amount  of 
adjusted  gross  income,  and  taxable  income  for  each 
marital  status  group.  These  data  were  taken  from  Part 
I  of  basic  table  10.  For  tabulating  purposes,  the  class- 
ification of  marital  status  of  taxpayer  was  determined 
with  regard  to  such  items  as  the  listing  of  a  spouse's 
name,  exemption  claimed  for  taxpayer  and/or  wife,  sig- 
natures of  husband  and  wife,  and  particularly  the  check 
mark  for  head  of  household  or  surviving  widow  or  wid- 
ower, along  with  any  other  pertinent  data  supplied  by 
the  taxpayer.  Each  of  the  five  classifications  for  mari- 
tal status  of  taxpayer  is  described  under  Marital  Status 
Classification  on  pages  23-24. 

The  marital  classification  was  used  in  the  distribution 
of  data  in  basic  tables  4,  8,  10,  and  11,  the  last  two  of 

445805   O  -57  -Z 


Returns 

Adjusted 

gross  income 

less  deficit 

(Thouwand 

dolt»rmJ 

Taxable 

Marital  status  of  taxpayer 

Number 

Percent 
of 
total 

Income 

(Thoaaand 
dollmra) 

Joint  returns  of  husbands  and  wives... 
Separate  returns  of  husbands  and  wives 
Returns  of  heads  of  household 

34,568,482 
2,298,981 

1,089,440 
63,920 

18,726,185 

60.9 

4.1 

1.9 

.1 

33.0 

176,477,817 

6,203,322 

4,34^,178 

270,242 

41,925,806 

86,038.569 

3,239,780 

2,450,458 

145,238 

Returns  of  single  persons  not  heads  of 
household  or  surviving  spouse 

23,457,155 

Total 

56,747,008 

100.0 

229,221,375 

115,331,301 

which  show  all  five  marital  groups  separately.  Table 
8  shows  certain  of  the  marital  gi-oups  combined  accord- 
ing to  the  applicable  income  tax  rate. 

Both  basic  tables  10  and  11  show  that  there  were 
nearly  64,000  persons  who  claimed  status  as  surviving 
spouse.  However,  examination  of  data  for  returns  of 
surviving  spouse  in  table  11,  relative  to  the  distribution 
of  returns  by  number  of  exemptions  other  than  age  or 
blindness,  reveals  that  among  the  individuals  who 
claimed  marital  status  as  surviving  spouse,  there  are 
27,513  persons  who  had  only  one  exemption  otiier  than 
age  and  blindness.  This  would  indicate  that  during 
the  first  year  in  which  the  surviving  spouse  status  was 
allowed,  a  considerable  number  of  individuals  misunder- 
stood the  requirement  that,  to  qualify  there  must  be  at 
least  one  child  or  stepchild  dependent  for  whom  the 
taxpayer  is  entitled  to  a  deduction  for  personal  exemp- 
tion of  $600.  None  of  these  27,513  persons  had  a  de- 
pendent according  to  their  return.  It  is  problematical 
whether  these  individuals  could  have  qualified  for  head 
of  household  status  and  its  special  tax  rate,  or  whether 
they  were  single  persons  not  entitled  to  any  special  tax 
rate.  Since  the  27,513  persons  claimed  surviving  spouse 
status  and  computed  their  income  tax  by  the  split-in- 
come niethod  allowed  for  that  status,  data  for  them  are 
tabulated  among  data  for  returns  having  the  split-in- 
come tax  rate  along  with  othere  claiming  this  marital 
status,  in  Part  I  of  basic  table  8. 

PERSONAL  EXEMPTIONS 

A  total  of  155.5  million  pei-sonal  exemptions  were 
claimed  on  the  56.7  million  individual  income  tax  re- 
turns for  1954.  These  personal  exemptions  were  ex- 
emptions for  the  taxpayer  and,  on  joint  returns,  his 
spouse,  exemptions  for  dependents,  and  the  additional 
exemptions  for  age  and  blindness.  A  resume  of  exemp- 
tions is  given  on  pages  27-28.  Below  in  text  table  D,  the 
number  of  each  type  of  exemption  claimed  is  presented 
by  the  five  classifications  for  marital  status  of  taxpayer. 

There  were  91.3  million  exemptions  for  the  taxpayer 
and,  on  joint  returns,  his  wife  who  is  generally  con- 
sidered a  taxpayer;  58.2  million  exemptions  for  de- 
pendents; and  6  million  additional  exemptions  for  age 
and  blindness  of  taxpayer,  including  those  for  the 
spouse  on  joint  returns. 

Of  the  58.2  million  exemptions  for  dependents,  50 
million,  or  87  percent,  were  claimed  on  joint  returns  of 


12 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


husbands  and  wives.  Other  married  persons  filing  sep- 
arate returns  claimed  1.6  million  dependents. 

Among  the  unmarried  taxpayers,  heads  of  households 
claimed  1.1  million  dependents,  surviving  widows  and 
widowers  claimed  62,263,  and  other  single  persons 
claimed  nearly  5  million  dependents.  Although  exemp- 
tions for  27,513  individuals  who  claimed  surviving 
spouse  status  without  a  dependent  are  tabulated  in  that 
marital  group  (as  previously  explained),  it  has  no  ef- 
fect on  the  number  of  dependents  in  this  or  any  other 
group,  since  they  did  not  have  a  dependent. 

As  compared  with  the  1953  report,  the  number  of 
dependents  increased  by  1.7  million  in  1954.  However, 
exemptions  for  age  and  blindness  decreased,  as  did  the 
taxpayer  exemptions. 

Table  D.— NUMBER  OF  EXEMPTIONS  BV  MARITAL  STATUS  OF  TAXPAYER  AND  BY  TYPE  OF 

EXEMPTION 


Total 
number  of 
exemptions 

Number  of  exemptions  for — 

Marital  status  of  taxpayer 

Taxpayer 

Age  and 
blindness 

Dependents 

Joint  retui-ns  of  husbands  and  wives. 
Separate  returns  of  husbands  and 

123,675,873 

4.011,966 

2,253,758 

148,616 

25,404,216 

69,136,964 

2,298,981 

1,089,440 

63,920 

18.726,185 

4,104,404 

79,590 
58,497 
22,433 

1,719,631 

50,434,505 

Returns  of  heads  of  household 

1,105,821 
62  263 

Returns  of  single  persons  not  heads 
of  household  or  surviving  spouse... 

4,958,400 

Total 

155,494,429 

91,315,490 

5,984,555 

58,194,384 

SALARY  EXCLUSIONS  FOR  SICK  PAY 

The  1954  Code  specifically  exempts  from  the  income 
tax  amounts  received,  as  wages  or  in  place  of  wages, 
under  a  continuation  plan  for  the  period  during  which 
an  employee  was  absent  from  work  on  account  of  per- 
sonal injury  or  sickness.  The  tax-exempt  amount  could 
not  exceed  a  weekly  rate  of  $100,  unless  the  plan  was 
one  to  which  the  employee  had  contributed,  then 
amounts  received  which  were  attributable  to  his  contri- 
bution were  excluded  without  limit.  In  case  of  sickness, 
a  special  rule  disallowed  tax  exemption  of  amounts  re- 
ceived for  the  first  7  days  of  illness  unless  the  employee 
was  hospitalized  at  least  1  day  any  time  during  the 
period  of  absence  from  work  on  account  of  sickness. 

Each  taxpayer  was  required  to  report  his  gross  salary 
and  wages  and  to  give  sufficient  information  to  substan- 
tiate his  claim  for  the  sick-pay  exclusion  deducted  from 
gross  wages.  The  exclusion  could  be  claimed  on  either 
Form  1040  or  1040A. 

In  order  to  register  the  amount  of  sick  pay  excluded 
on  account  of  this  new  provision,  it  was  necessary  to  use 
an  item  not  included  in  adjusted  gross  income.  The 
excludable  portion  of  wages  received  as  sick  pay  was 
tabulated  especially  for  this  purpose.  Text  table  E 
shows  the  amount  of  salary  exclusion  for  sick  pay  in 
connection  with  the  amount  of  salaries  and  wages  en- 
tering into  the  composition  of  adjusted  gross  income, 
and  the  total  salaiies  and  wages  received.  This  table, 
by  adjusted  gross  income  classes  corresponding  to  those 
in  basic  tables,  also  shows  the  number  of  taxable  and 
nontaxable  returns  on  which  a  sick-pay  exclusion  was 
claimed. 


There  are  928,628  returns  witli  sick-pay  exclusions 
amounting  to  $352  million  deducted  from  gross  salaries 
and  wages.  The  exclusion  was  about  two-tenths  of  1 
percent  of  gross  salaries  and  wages.  Over  one-half  of 
the  sick-pay  exclusion  was  reported  on  returns  with  ad- 
justed gross  income  under  $5,000. 

Tsble  E.— SALARY  EXCLUSIONS  FOR  SICK  PAY  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


Total 
salaries 
and  wages 
received 

(  7h<xiaand 
dolUrat 

Salary  exclusions   for 
sick  pay 

Salaries  and 
wages  (after 

Adjusted  gross  income  classes 

Number 

of 
returns 

Amount 
( Jhoumand 
dallara) 

exclusions) 

(Thcuaand 
doltmr»i 

Taxable   returns: 

996,636 
2,794,266 
3,763,445 
6,156,387 

8,564,533 
11,375,575 
13,974,643 
15,496,086 
15,653,723 

25,547,907 

19,561,328 

13,141,984 

8,437,226 

5,497,754 

9,330,721 
3,085,244 
2,936,768 
2,272,765 
1,553,979 

375,784 

120,404 

142,357 

17,011 

6,110 

3,524 
11,520 
18,579 
40,623 

55,198 
67,229 
84,780 
84,905 
69,168 

129,219 
103,260 
69,259 
48,074 
26,150 

38,355 
8,006 
6,345 
3,548 
1,763 

331 
83 
92 
6 

2 

1,086 
2,087 
8,010 
12,083 

16,140 
20,173 
26,494 
31 ,066 
19,199 

45,119 
36,894 
27,464 
15,825 
8,557 

17,614 
4,795 
4,341 
2,723 
1,609 

288 
73 

115 
9 
2 

995,550 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1    500  under  $3  000                      ... 

2.792,179 
3,755,435 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

6,144,304 
8,548,393 

$3,000  under  $3.500 

11,355,402 
13,948,149 

$i,000  under  $i,500 

15,465,020 
15,634,524 

$5  000  under  $6  000 

25,502,788 

19,524,4X 

$7,000  under  $8,000 

$8,000  under  $9,000 

$9  000  under  $10  000 

13,114,520 
8,421,401 
5,489,197 

9,313,107 

$15  000  under  $20  000 

3,080,449 

2,932,427 

$30  000  under  $50  000 

2,270,042 

1,552,370 

$100  000  under  $150  000   

375,496 

120,331 

$200  000  under  $500  000        

142,242 

17,002 

6,108 

Total   taxable  returns 

170,802,636 

870,019 

301  ,'766 

170,500,870 

Nontaxable  returns: 

160,869 

1,146,887 
967,178 
1,647,731 
2,123,116 
1,977,245 

2,103,467 

1,931,186 

1,561,500 

874,048 

497,190 

354,653 
141,053 
(M 
11,425 

(M 
5,558 
5,512 
5,995 
5,984 
6,013 

9,512 
5,995 
6,006 
3,017 

(M 

(M 

9,205 
4,645 
6,029 
4,556 
2,363 

10,308 
2,290 
3,785 
2,153 

(M 
(') 

157,697 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1  000 

1,137,682 
962,533 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1   500  under  $2,000 

1,641,702 
2,118,560 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2  500  under  $3  000 

1,974,882 
2,093,159 

1,928,896 

$3  500  under  $^  000 

1,557,715 

$A,000  under  $4,500 

$4  500  under  $5  000 

871,895 
497,136 

352,892 

141,053 

(M 

$10,000  or  more 

11,425 

Total  nontaxable  returns 

15,502,074 

58,609 

50,321 

15,451,753 

Grand  total 

186,304.710 

928,628 

352,087 

185,952,623 

93,765,711 
92,538,999 

492,135 
436,493 

184,898 
167,189 

93,580,813 

92,371,810 

See  text  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 
^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately. 
However,    this  value  is  included   in  each  total. 

DIVIDENDS  RECEIVED 

Two  special  tabulations  were  prepared  to  show  the  de- 
tails concerning  dividends  reported  on  individual  re- 
turns, Form  1040,  for  1954.  The  new  features,  provided 
under  the  1954  Code  for  a  partial  exclusion  of  dividends 
and  for  a  tax  credit  for  dividends  received,  necessitated 
the  reporting  of  information  not  required  in  previous 
years. 

The  new  Code  provides  that,  for  any  tax  year  ended 
after  July  31,  1954,  gross  income  does  not  include 
amounts  received  by  an  individual  as  dividends  from 
domestic  corporations  to  the  extent  that  the  dividends 
do  not  exceed  $50.  In  case  the  dividends  exceed  $50,  the 
exclusion  applies  to  the  dividends  first  received  in  the 
tax  year.    The  exclusion,  however,  does  not  apply  to  div- 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


13 


idends  received  from  domestic  corporations  whose  earn- 
ings are  not  fully  taxable. 

Although  dividend  exclusions  could  be  taken  regard- 
less of  the  return  form  used,  the  amount  of  exclusion 
was  not  reported  on  Form  1040A.  If  husband  and  wife 
filed  a  joint  return  of  income,  the  exclusion  applied  sep- 
arately to  the  dividends  received  by  each  as  an  individ- 
ual taxpayer. 

A  credit  against  the  income  tax  for  dividends  received 
is  also  allowed  under  the  new  law.  The  tax  credit  is 
allowed  only  for  tax  years  ended  after  July  31,  1954, 
and  only  with  respect  to  qualifying  dividends  received 
from  domestic  corporations  after  that  date  and  included 
in  gross  income.  Credit  was  allowed  to  the  extent  of  4 
percent  of  such  dividends,  provided  this  credit  did  not 
exceed  the  lesser  of  the  total  income  tax  reduced  by  for- 
eign tax  credit,  or  2  percent  of  taxable  income.  It  was 
obligatory  to  file  Form  1040,  either  long-  or  short-form, 
to  claim  benefit  of  this  tax  credit. 


Taxpayers  filing  Form  1040  were  required  to  report 
domestic  dividends  qualifying  for  the  exclusion  in  two 
categories:  those  re<'eived  before  August  1,  1954,  and 
those  received  after  July  31, 1954.  Qualifying  dividends 
received  through  fiduciaries  and  partnerships  were  in- 
cluded, a  new  feature  of  dividend  reporting.  The  divi- 
dend exclusion  of  $50,  or  $100  for  joint  income  of 
husband  and  wife,  was  first  applied  to  the  early  receipts 
and,  if  sucli  dividends  were  insufficient,  the  remaining 
exclusion  was  then  applied  to  tlie  late  receipts.  If  the 
taxpayer's  dividend  receipts  totaled  less  than  the  maxi- 
mum exclusion,  they  were  nevertheless  reported  and  the 
exclusion  applied  to  that  extent.  Domestic  dividends 
received  after  July  31,  1954,  reduced  by  the  applicable 
exclusions  were  eligible  for  the  tax  credit  for  dividends 
received.  Foreign  dividends  and  certain  domestic  divi- 
dends did  not  qualify  for  the  exclusion  nor  for  the  tax 
credit.  These  were  reported  independently  and  com- 
bined with  the  dividends  after  exclusions  to  obtain  the 
amount  of  dividends  reported  in  adjusted  gross  income. 


Table  F.— DIVIDENDS  ELIGIBLE  FOR  EXCLUSIONS  AND  TAX  CREDIT  FOR  DIVIDENDS  RECEIVED,  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


Total  dividends  eligible 
exclusions 


Number  of 
returns 


f  Thatittnd 
dolUrs) 


Total 
exclusions 


(Thauaand 
dolUes) 


Received  before  Aug.    1,    195'i 


Number  of 
returns 


(ITioutand 
dallarMj 


Exclusions 


(Thousand 
dollara) 


Number  of 
returns 


Received  after  July  31,    1?^ 
[eligible  for  tax  credit) 


(Thousand 
dollara) 


Exclusions 


( Thousand 
dollara) 


Tax  credit  for 
dividends  received 


Number  of 
returns 


Amount 
(Thousand 


Taxable  returns: 

$600  under  $1,000... 
$1,000  under  $1,500. 
$1,500  under  $2,000. 
$2,000  under  $2,500. 

$2,500  under  $3,000. 
$3,000  under  $3,500. 
$3,500  under  $4,000. 
$4,000  under  $4,500. 
$4,500  under  $5,000. 


$5,000  under  $6,000.. 
$6,000  under  $7,000. . 
$7,000  under  $8,000.. 
$8,000  under  $9,000.. 
$9,000  under  $10,000. 


$10,000  under  $15,000. . 
$15,000  under  $20,000.. 
$20,000  under  $30,000.. 
$30,000  under  $50,000.. 
$50,000  under  $100,000. 


$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000. . . 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total  taxable  returns. 


Nontaxable  returns: 

No  adjusted  gross  income. 


Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500.. 
$1,500  under  $2,000.. 
$2,000  under  $2,500.. 

$2,500  under  $3,000.. 
$3,000  under  $3,500.. 
$3,500  under  $4,000.. 
$4,000  under  $4,500.. 
$4,500  under  $5,000.. 

$5,000  under  $6,000.. 
$6,000  under  $8,000. . 
$8,000  under  $10,000. 
$10,000  or  more 


Total  nontaxable  returns. 
Grand  total 


Returns  under  $5,000... 

Returns  $5,000  or  more. 


(1) 


(2) 


(3) 


(4) 


(5) 


(6) 


(7) 


(8) 


(9) 


(10) 


20,555 
38,750 
72,740 
95,496 

1117370 
138,280 
160,776 
167,086 
163,187 

337,472 
311,092 
269,775 
198,953 
170,136 


458 
202 

187, 

121 

59 


296 
',299. 
,714 

465 

t  «»  . 
0,605 
2,993 
3,067 
420 
196 


7,963 
15,048 
40,855 
55,055 

^3,947 

75,962 
88,217 
105,745 
125,337 

\  188,957 
195,880 
252,394 
177,726 
151,760 

723,653 
524,108 
778,880 
863,074 
991,328 

S  4U,^70 
197, ICK 
367,931 
139,075 
197,965 


990 
1,699 
3,563 
4,677 

5,913 
6,912 
8,410 
8,660 

9,013 

17,876 
17,312 
16,472 
12,358 
10,721 

30,269 
14,089 
13,325 
9,280 
4,807 

891 

252 

257 

34 


19,055 
35,783 
69,193 
87,916 

101,846 
129,211 
146,651 
151,983 
154,647 

309,706 
290,860 
248,584 
186,278 
159,481 

429,407 
190,751 
176,181 
115,684 
57,603 

10,403 

2,948 

3,016 

420 

193 


4,440 

7,788 

23,203 

30,352 

32,865 
41,025 
47,345 
59,962 
70,040 

102,431 
106,762 
136, 501 
92,758 
TO, 046 

387,464 
276,670 
407,858 
442,826 
497,622 

207,285 
95,847 

176,357 
64,655 
88,559 


878 

1,490 
3,260 
4,080 

5,080 
6,012 
7,074 
7,253 
7,669 

14 ,941 
14,522 
13,704 
10,403 
9,205 

26,467 
12,595 

12,059 
8,567 
4,546 

857 

245 

251 

34 

14 


18,555 
34,744 
62,690 
85,399 

100,870 
127,679 
141,075 
143,437 
147,093 

305,263 
276,839 
249,650 
183,212 
154,352 

425,311 
189,717 
176,292 
116,021 
57,620 

10,411 

2,941 

3,029 

412 

195 


3,523 

7,260 

17,652 

24,703 

26,082 
34,937 
40,872 
45,783 
55,297 

86,526 
89,118 
115,893 
84,968 
72,714 

336,219 
247,438 
371,022 
420,248 
493,706 

206,485 
101,257 
191,624 
74,420 
109,406 


112 
209 
303 
597 

833 

900 
1,336 

1,407 
1,344 

2,935 
2,790 
2,768 
1,955 
1,516 

3,802 

1,494 

1,266 

713 

261 


{') 


15,522 
25,218 
51,593 
69,824 

82,739 

104,557 
101,328 
111,240 
111,891 

214,267 
203,389 
188,357 
145,465 
118,933 

362,617 
171,197 
164,555 
111,2X 
56,531 

10,276 

2,901 

2,974 

395 

185 


3,302,763 


6,736,814 


3,077,800 


3,012,807 


3,257,153 


26,588 


2,427,188 


29,841 

31,261 
58,842 
87,648 
69,873 
54,439 

36,413 
25,413 
11,118 
6,081 
5,040 

5,052 
3,029 
{') 
1,604 


16, 561 

8,393 
22,605 
43,417 
40,836 
37,370 

33,160 
25,575 
13,042 
5,809 
7,555 

7,540 

9,141 

17,525 


1,766 

1,483 
2,875 
4,632 
3,660 
3,028 

2,124 

1,465 

745 

533 

287 


i') 


371 

227 


26,292 

30,245 
55,319 

77,049 
64,826 
51,954 

35,424 
24,372 
10,618 
6,081 
5,040 

4,552 
2,540 
(') 
1,532 


9,919 

4,806 
12,882 
24,369 
23,908 
21,360 

18,865 
13,183 
7,488 
3,070 
4,150 

3,556 
4,432 
(=) 
8,681 


1,545 

1,214 
2,561 
4,042 
3,363 
2,735 

1,942 

1,300 

682 

495 

281 


(^) 


335 
173 


21,652 

26,256 
49,824 
72,684 
60,899 
46,858 

31,379 
22,366 
11,118 
5,081 
5,040 

5,052 
3,029 
(^) 
1,536 


6,642 

3,592 
9,723 
19,048 
16,928 
16,010 

14,295 

12,392 

5,554 

2,739 

3,405 

3,984 
4,709 
P) 
8,844 


269 
314 
590 
297 
293 

182 
165 
63 
38 
6 


(') 
7,040 
19,692 
12,152 

10,135 
9,135 
5,098 
3,048 

i') 

2,551 


426,177 


289,505 


396,367 


161,021 


363,297 


128,484 


2,538 


72,615 


221,116 


3,474,167 


191,990 


3,376,104 


3,385,637 


29,126 


2,499,803 


1,384  809 
2,344,136 


827,457 
6,198,862 


72,435 
148,681 


1,283,505 

2,190,662 


461,020 
3,179,662 


62,956 
129,  OX 


1,214,699 
2,161,405 


366,437 
3,019,200 


9,479 
19,647 


743,707 
1,756,096 


(11) 


58 
151 
424 
657 

799 
1,241 
1,210 
1,894 
1,791 

2,992 
3,202 
4,026 
3,140 
2,639 

13,064 
9,472 
14,142 
16,017 
17,999 

7,293 
3,397 
6,163 
2,069 
2,962 


{') 


195 

157 
113 

116 

186 

71 

199 


(') 


1,222 


9,373 
108,651 


See  text  for   "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 

'Less  than  $500. 

'Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.     However,    this  value  i 


s  included  in  each  total. 


14 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Table  Q,— DOMESTIC  AND  FOREIGN  DIVIDENDS  RECEIVED  \KD  DIVTDENDS  ELIGIBLE  AND  INELIGIBLE  FOR  EXCLUSIONS,  BV  ADJUSTED  GR06S  INCOME  CLASSES 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


Total  domestic  and  foreign 
dividends  received 


Nuiiibci'   of 
returns 


(Thousand 
dDllarai 


vidends  eligible 
exclusions 


Dividends  not  eligible  for 
exclusions  or  credit 


Number  of 
returns 


(Thousand 
dollara) 


Total 
exclusions 


(Thouand 
dotlara) 


Number  of 

returns 


( Thousand 
doltara) 


Dividends 
(after  exclusions) 


Number  of 
returns 


(  Thousand 
dollar aj 


(1) 


U) 


(3) 


M 


(5) 


(6) 


(V) 


(8) 


(J) 


Taxable  returns: 

$600  under  $1,000. 

$1,00©  under  $1,500.. 
$1,500  under  $2,000.. 
$2,000  under  $2,500.. 

$2,500  under  $3,000.. 
$3,000  under  $3,500.. 
$3,500  under  $4,000.. 
$.4,000  under  $4,500.. 
$4,500  under  $5,000.. 

$5,000  under  $6,000.. 
$6,000  under  $7,000.. 
$7,000  under  $8,000.. 
$8,000  under  $9,000.. 
$9,000  under  $10,000. 


$10,000  under  $15,000.. 
$15,000  under  $20,000.. 
$20,000  under  $30,000.. 
$30,000  under  $50,000.. 
$50,000  under  $100,000. 


$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


23,623 
47,275 
86,386 
102,006 

129,472 
155,353 
174,866 

187,705 
191,770 

367,603 
341,138 
287,906 
214,538 
180,686 

475,217 
207,926 
190,958 
123,144 
59,913 

10,658 

3,007 

3,074 

426 

197 


8,915 
18,546 
46,395 
58,147 

62,986 
81,019 
92,553 
111,919 
134,822 

200,65] 
204,990 
257,265 
184,334 
156,553 

742,747 
534,030 
792,345 
875,692 
1,010,783 

421,093 
200,735 
375,280 
143,053 
203,012 


20,555 
38,750 
72,740 
95,496 

111,970 
138,280 
160,776 
167,086 
163,187 

337,472 
311,092 
269,775 
198,953 

170,136 

458,445 
202,296 

187,299 

121,714 

59,465 

10,605 

2,993 

3,067 

420 

196 


7,963 
15,CK8 
40,855 
55,055 

58,947 
75,962 
88,217 
105,745 
125,337 

188,957 
195,880 
252,394 
177,726 
151,760 

723,683 
524,108 
778,880 
863,074 
991,328 

413,770 
197,104 
367,981 
139,075 
197,965 


990 
1,699 
3,563 
4,677 

5,913 
6,912 
8,410 
8,660 
9,013 

17,876 
17,312 
16,472 
12,358 
10,721 

30,269 

14,089 

13,325 

9,280 

4,807 

891 

252 

257 

34 

14 


5,602 
10,003 
15,153 
13,526 

22,025 
24,640 
22,178 
28,221 
32,100 

43,752 
45,734 
26,706 

24,717 
20,181 

42,973 
21,013 
20,884 
15,438 
10,484 

2,408 
844 


952 
3,498 
5,540 
3,092 

4,039 
5,057 
4,336 
6,174 
9,485 

11,694 
9,116 
4,871 
6,608 
4,793 

19,064 
9,922 
13,465 
12,618 
19,455 

7,323 
3,631 

7,299 
3,978 
5,047 


22,123 
42,752 
74,769 
92,894 

121,420 
142,266 
150,691 
165,059 
172,643 

307,240 
286,674 
236,609 
184,722 
153,896 

421,750 
191,953 
179,527 
118,634 
58,885 

10,530 

2,975 

3,060 

425 

197 


7,925 
16,847 
42,832 
53,470 

57,073 
74,107 
84,143 
103,259 
125,809 

182,775 
187,684 
240,793 
171,976 
145,832 

712,478 
519,941 
779,020 
866,412 
1,005,976 

420,202 
200,483 
375,023 
U3,019 
202,998 


Total  taxable  returns. 


Nontaxable  returns: 

No  adjusted  gross  income. 


3,302,763 


6,736,814 


449,840 


6,720,077 


Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500.. 
$1,500  under  $2,000.. 
$2,000  under  $2,500.. 

$2,500  under  $3,000.. 
$3,000  under  $3,500.. 
$3,500  under  $4,000.. 
$4,000  under  $4,500.. 
$4,500  under  $5,000.. 

$5,000  under  $6,000.. 
$6,000  under  $8,000.. 
$8,000  under  $10,000. 
$10,000  or  more 


35,896 

46,216 
84,412 
114,181 
98,673 
64,863 

45,444 

30,925 

13,624 

6,581 

6,074 

5,541 
3,529 

(M 

1,618 


18,732 

11,661 
31,851 
53,290 
56,276 
43,531 

39,660 
28,829 
15,592 
5,932 
9,263 

7,905 
9,476 
(M 
18,092 


29,841 

31,261 
58,842 
87,648 
69,873 
54,439 

36,413 

25,413 

11,118 

6,081 

5,040 

5,052 
3,029 
(M 
1,604 


16,561 

8,398 
22,605 
43,417 
40,836 
37,370 

33,160 

25,575 

13,042 

5,803 

7,555 

7,540 
9,141 
(M 
17,525 


1,766 

1,483 
2,875 
4,632 
3,660 
3,028 

2,124 

1,465 

745 

533 

287 


(M 


371 
227 


7,063 

15,443 
27,110 
28, 523 
34,823 
13,947 

10,548 
6,570 

4,495 

(M 
(M 

(M 
(M 
(M 


2,171 

3,263 
9,246 
9,873 
15,440 
6,161 

6,500 
3,254 
2,550 

(M 
(M 

{') 

(M 
(M 


29,849 

44,239 
84,412 
114,141 
93,712 
60,768 

42,893 
26,816 
13,624 
6,581 
6,074 

5,541 
3,529 
(M 
1,611 


16,966 

10,178 
28,976 
48,658 
52,616 
40,503 

37,536 

27,364 

14,347 

5,449 

8,976 

7,534 
9,249 
(1) 
17,992 


Total  nontaxable  returns. 


558,100 


351,111 


426,177 


289,505 


23,322 


152,172 


61,606 


534,313 


327,789 


7,268,982 


3,728,945 


7,026,319 


602,012 


3,681,007 


7,047,866 


Returns  under  $5,000... 
Returns  $5,000  or  mor.-. 


1,645,345 
2,477,604 


929,969 
6,339,0U 


1,384,809 
2,344,136 


827,457 
6,198,362 


72,435 
148,681 


323,504 
278,508 


102,512 
140,151 


1,507,726 
2,173,281 


857,534 
6,190,332 


See  text  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 

^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately. 


However,  this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 


Tabulated  data  pertaining  to  dividends  had  to  be 
limited  to  information  reported  on  returns,  Form  1040. 
On  the  Form  1040A,  the  amount  of  dividends  after  the 
exclusion  was  included  in  "other  income,"  and  the 
amount  of  the  exclusion  was  not  reported. 

In  text  table  F,  the  number  of  returns,  amoimt  of 
dividends  eligible  for  exclusions,  and  the  amount  of 
exclusions,  are  tabulated  for  all  dividends  eligible  for 
the  exclusion,  as  well  as  for  dividends  received  before 
August  1,  1954,  and  for  those  received  after  July  31, 
1954.  Since  dividends  received  after  July  31,  1954,  less 
the  exclusions  are  the  only  dividends  eligible  for  the 
tax  credit,  the  tax  credit  claimed  in  regard  to  such  divi- 
dends is  tabulated  here.  All  these  data  are  distributed 
by  adjusted  gross  income  classes,  taxable  and  nontaxable, 
similar  to  those  in  basic  tables. 

Text  table  G  shows  the  total  amount  received  by 
individuals  from  domestic  and  foreign  dividends  with- 
out regard  to  the  exclusions.  It  also  shows  the  amount 
of  dividends  included  in  adjusted  gross  income  and  the 
two  components  of  dividends  actually  entering  into  this 


amount,  that  is,  (a)  dividends  eligible  for  exclusion  to- 
gether with  the  total  exclusions  claimed  against  these 
dividends,  and  (b)  dividends  not  eligible  for  exclusion 
or  credit.  These  items  and  their  frequency  are  pre- 
sented by  size  of  adjusted  gross  income  separately  for 
taxable  and  nontaxable  returns,  as  in  text  table  F. 

Data  in  table  G  reveal  that  the  total  dividend  receipts 
repoi-ted  for  the  income  year  1954  was  $7.3  billion,  of 
which  $7  billion  qualified  for  the  exclusion  and  $0.2 
billion  were  foreign  and  domestic  dividends  ineligible 
for  exclusion  or  credit.  Tax-exempt  dividend  exclusions 
of  $0.2  billion  reduced  qualifying  dividends  to  $6.8  bil- 
lion which  together  with  the  nonqualifying  dividends 
of  $0.2  billion  were  included  in  adjusted  gross  income. 
Receipt  of  dividends  was  reported  on  4.1  million  re- 
turns, but  only  3.7  million  returns  showed  dividends  in 
adjusted  gross  income. 

Nearly  one-half  of  the  $7  billion  of  dividends  qualify- 
ing for  the  exclusion  were  also  eligible  for  the  tax  credit. 
These  dividends,  amounting  to  $3.4  billion  (text  table 
F),  although  eligible  for  the  tax  credit,  did  not  termi- 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


15 


nate  in  a  tax  credit  on  each  of  the  3.4  million  returns 
showing  eligible  dividends.  In  some  cases,  small  divi- 
dend receipts  may  have  been  eliminated  by  the  appli- 
cable exclusion.  Returns  without  an  income  tax  before 
credits  naturally  had  no  credit.  On  other  returns  where 
the  taxpayer  had  taxable  income  and  income  tax,  he 
failed  to  take  advantage  of  the  credit  benefit  even  tliough 
lie  was  entitled  to  do  so.  There  are  2.5  million  returns 
that  had  a  tax  credit  for  dividends  received,  amounting 
to  $118  million. 

CONTRIBUTIONS 

Individuals  who  itemized  their  nonbusiness  deduc- 
tions were  allowed  a  deduction  for  charitable  contribu- 
tions and  gifts.  A  new  provision  under  the  1954  Code 
allows  a  special  additional  deduction  of  up  to  10  per- 
cent of  adjusted  gross  income  for  contributions  made 
to  churches,  associations  of  churches,  tax-exempt  edu- 
cational institutions,  and  tax-exempt  hospitals.  In  case 
all  contributions  are  made  to  such  organizations,  a  de- 
duction up  to  30  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income  may 
be  claimed.  Contributions  to  organizations  other  than 
the  above  are  still  limited  to  20  percent  of  adjusted  gi'oss 
income  unless  the  taxpayer  qualified  for  the  unlimited 
deduction,  retained  under  the  new  Code. 

In  computing  the  deduction  for  contributions  the  tax- 
payer must  first  figure  his  contributions  to  the  special 
institutions  to  the  extent  of  10  percent  of  adjusted  gross 
income,  tlien  any  amount  in  excess  of  10  percent  can  be 
added  to  the  other  contributions  to  which  the  20-per- 
cent limitation  applies.  In  reality,  the  deduction  con- 
sists of  two  parts :  one  a  deduction  under  the  10-percent 
limitation,  tlie  other  a  deduction  under  the  20-percent 
limitation.  Both  limitations  apply  to  the  combined  ad- 
justed gross  income  on  joint  returns  as  well  as  the  ad- 
justed gross  income  on  separate  returns.  A  description 
of  contributions  is  given  on  pages  26-27. 

Text  table  H  was  prepared  to  show  the  number  of 
returns  that  liad  a  deduction  for  contributions  in  excess 
of  20  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income  and  the  amount 
of  sucli  excess.  This  was  accomplished  by  a  compari- 
son of  the  amount  deducted  on  each  return  with  20  per- 
cent of  the  reported  adjusted  gross  income.  If  the 
deduction  was  found  to  be  over  20  percent  of  the  ad: 
justed  gross  income,  the  number  of  returns  with  an  ex- 
cess and  tlie  amount  of  the  excess  were  tabulated  in  this 
table  along  with  the  total  number  of  returns  with  con- 
tributions and  the  amount  deducted.  These  data  are  by 
classes  for  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  similar  to 
those  in  basic  tables. 

This  table  shows  the  total  deduction  on  account  of 
charitable  contributions  to  be  $3.9  billion  claimed  on 
14.6  million  returns.  There  were  132,073  returns  on 
which  the  deduction  exceeded  20  percent  of  adjusted 
gross  income.  On  these  returns,  the  additional  deduc- 
tion allowed  under  the  new  provision  amounted  to  $67.6 


T«bl»  H.-DEDUCTIBLE  CONTRIBUTIONS  IN  EXCESS  OF  20  PERCENT  OF  ADJUSTED  GROSS 
INC0K4E  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


• 

Number  of 
returns 
«Ith 
contri- 
butions 

Deduction 
for  contri- 
butions 

( IJwtj  tand 
doll  art) 

Returns  with  deduction 

for  contributions 

exceeding  20  percent  of 

adjusted  gross  income 

Adjusted  gross  income  classes 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount  in 

excess  of 

20  percent 

(Thoaiand 

doIUri) 

Taxable  returns: 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

il  500  under  42  000    

60,784 
184,179 
363,911 
546,431 

708,875 

988,001 

1,172,547 

1,375,148 

1,370,217 

2,199,234 

1,445,565 

845,034 

491,225 

282,426 

560,205 
226,164 

212,749 
135,864 
64.383 

a, 101 

3,108 

3,148 

427 

199 

4,020 
17,494 
41,850 
76,645 

109,366 
171,502 
208,668 
255,590 
269,870 

469,598 
360,462 
234,297 
162,502 
101,068 

258,773 
141,346 
175,617 
174,238 
170,576 

72,188 
35,984 
77,679 
31,409 
50,420 

2,489 
2,500 

5,012 
7,070 

6,502 
5,006 
5,023 
3,540 
2,523 

3,574 

(M 
(>) 

2,547 

2,959 

1,713 
1,647 
1,676 
1,552 

630 

301 

456 

97 

52 

113 

23 

460 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $3,500 

A3   500  under  4i  000               

892 
633 
568 

$4,000  under  $4,500 

ti  500  under  $5  000          

1,081 
240 

$5  000  under  $6  000 

493 

(M 

$7  000  under  $8  000 

(') 

$8,000  under  $9,000 

$9  000  under  $10  000 

759 

$15  000  under  $20  000      

1,566 

i3Q  000  under  i50  000 

3,156 

$50,000  under  $100  000 

5,646 

$150  000  under  $200  000 

2,906 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

4,458 

Total  taxable  returns 

13,250,925 

3,671,162 

60,912 

54,073 

Nontaxable  returns: 

9,388 

18,083 
112,049 
153,023 
183,523 
184,278 

184,619 
152,302 
124,246 
87,555 
47,732 

35,797 
18,632 

(M 

2,130 

1,374 

2.595 
10,129 
16,769 
24,518 
27,875 

31,790 
26,460 
24,409 
19,937 
12,474 

8,968 
6,040 

7,685 

4,057 

9,530 
13,125 
11,076 
11,144 

6,089 

6,993 
3,057 
2,534 

(M 
(M 

56 

472 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2  500  under  $3  000 

1,560 
1,183 
1,233 
1,239 
666 

896 

$3,000  under  $3,500 

$3,500  under  $4,000 

794 
421 

$4,500  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $6,000 

$8  000  under  $10,000 

Total  nontaxable  returns 

1,314,381 

221 , 384 

71,161 

13,489 

Grand  total 

14,565,306 

3,892,546 

132,073 

67, 562 

Returns  under  $5,000 

3,026,891 
6,538,415 

1,353,335 
2,539,211 

109,259 
22,814 

13,593 

See  text  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 

^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately. 
However,   this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 


million.  However,  this  does  not  signify  the  entire 
amount  contributed  to  the  special  institutions,  because 
in  those  instances  wliere  the  special  contributions  ex- 
ceeded the  10-percent  limitation,  the  excess  was  mingled 
with  the  other  contributions  to  which  the  20-percent 
limitation  applied,  and  in  cases  where  the  contributions 
did  not  exceed  the  20-percent  limitation,  the  deduction 
may  have  included  contributions  to  the  special  organiza- 
tions. 

Less  than  1  percent  of  the  returns  with  a  deduction 
for  contributions  showed  the  deduction  to  be  in  excess 
of  20  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income.  Of  the  132,073 
returns  with  charitable  deduction  exceeding  the  20-per- 
cent limitation,  82  percent  were  returns  under  $5,000 
adjusted  gross  income,  but  only  one-fifth  of  the  addi- 
tional deduction  occurred  on  these  returns.  The  reverse 
situation  was  shown  on  returns  over  $5,000  adjusted 
gross  income,  where  18  percent  of  the  returns  had  80 
percent  of  the  additional  charitable  deduction. 


16 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


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72,568 
81,732 
80,591 

92,090 
35,186 
60,035 
51,3i2 
26,581 

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INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


17 


DRUG  AND  MEDICAL  COSTS 

Information  relating  to  medical  cost  was  tabulated 
from  the  schedule  for  itemized  deductions  on  long-form 
returns,  Form  10-10,  for  1954,  if  the  taxpayer  claimed  a 
deduction  on  account  of  medical  and  dental  expenses. 
These  data  are  presented  in  text  table  I  on  page  16. 

Three  major  changes  regarding  the  medical  and  den- 
tal expenses  and  the  allowable  deduction  were  made  by 
the  1954  Code.  First,  medical  expenses  in  excess  of  3 
percent  of  adjusted  gross  income  may  be  deducted. 
Second,  outlays  for  drugs  and  medicines  may  be  in- 
cluded in  medical  expenses  only  to  the  extent  that  they 
exceed  1  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income.  Third,  the 
limitations  on  the  maximum  deduction  are  raised  to 
$2,500  per  exemption  and  to  $5,000  per  return  except 
that  it  is  $10,000  on  a  joint  return,  a  head  of  household 
return,  or  a  surviving  spouse  return. 

When  claiming  a  deduction  for  medical  expenses,  the 
taxpayer  was  I'equired  to  rej^ort  the  cost  of  drugs  and 
medicines  separately  from  other  medical  and  dental  cost. 
Each  of  these  two  amounts  was  reported  in  its  entirety 
as  net,  that  is,  they  did  not  contain  any  expenses  com- 
pensated by  insurance  or  otherwise.  These  repoi'ted 
costs,  however,  were  before  any  of  the  limitations  ap- 
plicable to  the  deduction  had  been  applied.  Drugs  were 
reported  without  regard  to  an  amount  equal  to  one  per- 
cent of  adjusted  gross  income  to  be  excluded  later,  and 
medical  costs  were  reported  without  regard  to  an 
amount  equal  to  3  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income 
whether  or  not  it  was  later  excluded. 

In  text  table  I,  the  entire  expense  of  both  drugs  and 
medical  costs,  as  reported  by  the  taxpayer,  are  shown 
for  each  of  two  age  groups:  under  65  yeai"s  and  65 
years  or  over.  Data  taken  from  joint  returns  where 
only  one  spouse  was  65  years  of  age  or  over  were  tabu- 
lated with  age  group  65  years  or  over,  because  on  such 
returns,  the  medical  deduction  was  allowed  as  though 
both  spouses  were  65  or  over.  In  addition  to  the  drug 
and  medical  costs,  there  are  tabulated  also  the  actual 
medical  deduction  claimed,  the  related  adjusted  gross  in- 
come, and  number  of  returns  involved.  All  of  these 
items  are  shown  for  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns, 
each  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes  used  in  the  basic 
tables. 

A  description  of  medical  expenses  to  be  considered  for 
this  deduction  and  the  limitations  on  the  amount  to  be 
deducted,  whether  under  65  or  65  or  more  years  of  age, 
whether  joint  or  separate  return,  are  given  on  page 
•2.1  in  the  description  of  Medical  and  Dental  Expenses. 

There  were  8.6  million  returns  which  had  a  deduction 
for  medical  expenses;  7.6  million  of  these  retui'us 
showed  age  under  65  years  and  1.1  million  showed  age 
65  years  or  over. 

The  cost  of  drugs  was  reported  as  $0.9  billion  and 
other  medical  cost  reported  as  $3.5  billion.  Of  the  com- 
bined drug  and  medical  costs  amounting  to  $4.5  billion, 
$3  billion  was  claimed  as  a  deduction  from  adjusted 


gross  income.  Thus  two-thirds  of  the  entire  cost  was 
taken  as  a  deduction.  However,  there  was  a  wide  varia- 
tion in  the  pei'centage  of  cost  claimed  between  the  re- 
turns with  age  under  65  and  returns  with  age  65  or  over. 
Tlie  combined  drug  and  medical  costs  reported  on  re- 
turns with  age  under  65  were  $3.8  billion  of  which  $2.4 
billion,  or  63.3  jiercent,  was  claimed  as  a  medical  de- 
duction. On  returns  with  age  65  or  over,  tlie  com- 
bined drug  and  medical  costs  were  $0.7  billion  of  which 
$0.6  billion,  or  84.8  percent,  was  claimed  as  a  deduction. 
While  both  age  groups  show  that  there  were  disallowed 
medical  expenses,  the  special  provision  for  age  65  years 
or  over  permitted  this  group  to  claim  21.5  percent  more 
of  their  expenses  than  could  be  claimed  by  the  group 
under  65  years  of  age. 

Of  the  total  deduction  for  medical  and  dental  ex- 
penses, $1.6  billion  was  claimed  on  returns  with  adjusted 
gross  income  under  $5,000.  This  deduction  represented 
72  percent  of  the  combined  drug  and  medical  costs  re- 
ported on  this  category  of  returns.  The  remaining 
medical  deduction  of  $1.4  billion,  reported  on  returns 
with  $5,000  or  more  adjusted  gross  income,  was  58  per- 
cent of  the  combined  drug  and  medical  costs  reported 
on  these  returns.  By  coincidence,  the  two  categories 
of  returns  each  reported  $2.2  billion  combined  drug  and 
medical  costs  before  the  limitations. 

RETIREMENT  INCOME 

The  new  provisions  relating  to  retirement  income  al- 
low an  individual  a  credit  against  the  income  tax  for 
retirement  income,  if  certain  conditions  are  met.  To 
qualify,  an  individual  must  have  received  earned  income 
in  excess  of  $600  in  each  of  10  calendar  years  (not 
necessarily  consecutive)  before  the  beginning  of  the  cur- 
rent year.  Widows  and  widowers  whose  spouse  had 
received  such  prior  earnings  are  considered  to  have  re- 
ceived such  earned  income.  If  husband  and  wife  both 
qualify  and  have  retirement  income,  each  is  entitled  to 
the  credit  as  individuals,  even  tliough  filing  jointly. 

For  the  purpose  of  tax  credit,  retirement  income  in 
the  case  of  individuals  under  65  years  of  age  differs  from 
retirement  income  of  individuals  65  years  of  age  or  over. 
If  the  individual  has  not  attained  the  age  of  65  before 
the  close  of  the  tax  year,  retirement  income  means  only 
amounts  received  fi-om  pensions  or  annuities  under  a 
public  retirement  system.  For  individuals  who  are  65 
yeare  of  age  or  over  before  the  close  of  the  tax  year, 
retirement  income  means  amounts  received  as  pensions, 
annuities,  interest,  dividends,  and  gross  rents.  To  be 
considered  retirement  income,  such  amounts  must  be 
included  in  adjusted  gross  income.  Regardless  of  age, 
tiie  maximum  amount  of  retirement  income  allowed  for 
computation  of  tax  credit  is  $1,200.  However,  the 
amount  of  retirement  income  allowed  as  the  base  of  tax 
credit  is  the  smaller  of  (a)  the  retirement  income  re- 
ceived, or  (b)  $1,200  reduced  by  amounts  received  and 
excluded  from  gross  income  as  pensions  or  annuities 


18 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


under  social  security  and  railroad  retirement,  or  tax- 
exempt  pensions  and  annuities,  and,  in  the  case  of  an 
individual  who  is  not  75  years  of  age  before  the  end  of 
the  year,  reduced  by  the  amount  of  earned  income  in 
excess  of  $900  received  during  the  tax  year. 

The  tax  credit,  computed  at  20  percent  on  the  base  for 
tax  credit,  is  limited  in  that  it  may  not  exceed  the 
income  tax  reduced  by  credits  for  dividends  received, 
partially  tax-exempt  interest,  foreign  tax  paid,  and  tax 
paid  at  source  on  tax-free  covenant  bonds.  In  order  to 
secure  this  tax  credit,  an  individual  must  file  Form  1040, 
either  long-  or  short-form. 

Data  relating  to  retirement  income  reported  in  sched- 
ule K,  Credit  for  Retirement  Income,  on  returns  that 
had  a  tax  credit  for  retirement  income,  are  tabulated  in 
two  text  tables.  In  both  tables,  data  are  distributed  by 
adjusted  gross  income  classes  for  the  taxable  and  the 
nontaxable  returns,  corresponding  to  those  in  the  basic 
tables. 


Text  table  J  shows  the  number  of  returns  with  a  tax 
credit  for  retirement  income,  tlie  total  amount  of  retire- 
ment income  that  met  the  specified  definition,  the  tv.  - 
deductions  from  the  $1,200  limit,  tlie  base  for  credit,  and 
the  tax  credit  for  retirement  income.  Frequencies  in 
this  tabulation  are  on  a  return-count  basis. 

In  text  table  K,  the  number  of  persons  with  a  tax 
credit  for  retirement  income,  the  amount  of  retirement 
income  conforming  to  the  definition,  and  tiie  base  for 
credit  are  shown  for  two  groups:  pei-sons  under  65  yeare 
and  persons  65  years  or  over.  In  addition,  there  are  the 
total  number  of  persons  with  a  tax  credit  and  tiie  two 
deductions  from  the  $1,200  limit,  but  the  deductions  are 
without  the  division  as  to  age  groups.  Frequencies  for 
items  in  this  table  are  on  a  per  capita  basis. 

There  were  473,248  returns  witli  a  tax  credit  for  retire- 
ment income.  A  total  of  $2.;^  billion  of  retirement 
income  was  reported  on  these  returns.  However,  only 
a  portioii  of  this  retirement  income  was  used  as  the  base 
for  credit,  because  of  tlie  limitation  on  the  amount  of 


Tabu  J.-BETIREMENT  INCOME.  SPECIAL  DEDUCTIONS,  AND  TAX  CREDIT  FOR  RETKEMEOT  INCOME.  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


Taxable  returns: 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500. 
$1,500  under  $2,000., 
$2,000  under  $2,500. 

$2,500  under  $3,000. 
$3,000  under  $3,500. 
$3,500  under  $4,000. 
$i,000  under  $i,500. 
$i,500  under  $5,000. 


$5,000  under  $6,000... 
$6,000  under  $7,000... 
$7,000  under  $8,000.. 
$8,000  under  $9,000... 
$9,000  under  $10,000. 


$10,000  under  $15,000... 
$15,000  under  $20,000.. 
$20,000  under  $30,000. . 
$30,000  under  $50,000. . 
$50,000  under  $100,000. 


$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total  taxable  returns. 


Nontaxable  returns: 

No  adjusted  gross  income. 


Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500... 
$1,500  under  $2,000... 
$2,000  under  $2,500... 

$2,500  under  $3,000... 
$3,000  under  $3,500... 
$3,500  under  $1,000... 
$4,000  under  $i,500. .. 
$4,500  under  $5,000.. 

$5,000  under  $6,000.. 
$6,000  under  $8,000.. 
$8,000  under  $10,000. 
$10,000  or  more 


Total  nontaxable  returns. 


Grand  total. 


Returns  under  $5,000... 
Returns  $5,000  or  more. 


Number 
of  returns 
with  lax 
credit  for 
retirement 
income 


(1) 


7,114 
16,158 

15,624 
25,318 
23,782 
26,751 
24,271 

28,886 
19,767 
19,171 
14,168 
8,040 

29,588 
12,709 
11,851 
8,192 

4,577 

1,013 

341 

354 

60 

29 


Total 

retirement 

income 


(2) 


(M 

19, «3 
50,346 
41,892 

25,238 

17,760 
6,615 
4,054 
4,546 

3,068 


174, 4?9 


9,922 
21,842 

34,074 
61,936 
61,362 
71,626 
73,126 

106,588 
92,103 
89,917 
98,587 
51,165 

247,792 
142,532 
191,196 
182,661 

187,541 

71,976 
35,310 
54,779 
21,079 
26,554 


Deductions  from  the  $1,200  limit 


Retirement   income 
excluded  from  adjusted 
gross  income 


Number  of 
returns 


(3) 


1,933,939 


(M 
23,210 
31,810 
82,159 

70,534 
53,279 
17,541 
12,091 
17,099 

11,882 


1,083 


371,534 


4,551 

9,601 

5,068 
11,614 
10,635 
7,085 
9,126 

7,597 
4,557 
5,533 
3,051 

(M 

9,142 
4,024 
3,935 
3,054 
1,534 

339 

134 

107 

13 

6 


Amount 


(Thousand 
dollars) 


(4) 


4,012 
6,766 

4,693 
8,380 
7,661 
5,348 
7,054 

6,808 
3,606 
5,031 
2,795 

8,330 
3,622 
3,453 
2,939 

1,405 

454 
131 
102 


Earned  income   in 
excess  of  $900 


Number  of 
returns 


(5) 


(M 

10,584 
7,091 

(M 
(M 
(') 
(M 
(M 


26,334 


311,101 
162,142 


2,305,473 


692,728 

1,612,745 


128,557 


84,014 

44,543 


6,572 
3,942 

(M 
(') 
(') 

(M 


18,724 


(M 
4,051 

(M 
3,092 

(M 

4,540 
4,051 

2,547 
3,051 

(M 

(M 

(M 

1,685 
752 
449 
422 
232 

47 

15 

17 

2 

3 


(TTiouaand 
dollara) 


(6) 


3,534 


63,138 
40,328 


38,634 


27,945 

10,739 


(M 

2,845 

(') 
2,253 

5,499 
3,580 

6,308 
3,170 

(M 

(M 

(M 

3,327 
361 
1,126 
3,570 
2,037 

173 

226 

241 

16 

1 


Base  for 
credit 


( Thousand 
dottara) 


Tax  credit 
for  retire- 
ment  income 


f  Thousand 
doitars) 


(7) 


40,253 


(') 


3,847 


44,100 


22,107 
21,993 


(M 
2,636 
6,981 

11,030 
18,401 
13,997 
19,434 
17,717 

25,590 
19,465 
15,696 
15,345 

7,759 

28,832 

13,702 

11,143 

7,453 

4,591 

937 

317 

351 

60 

30 


241,733 


18,657 
48,351 
40,932 

28,224 

20,392 

6,828 

5,932 

5,466 

5,322 


422,935 


266,225 
156,710 


See  text  for  "Description  of  Sajrple  and  Limitations  of  Data." 

^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately. 


(8) 


391 
1,517 

2,326 
3,989 
3,226 
3,836 
3,708 

5,311 
3,861 
3,537 
3,078 
1,533 

6,091 
2,519 
2,459 
1,557 
928 


50,323 


718 
4,344 
5,385 

3,643 

2,339 

1,208 

760 

911 

671 


20,875 


71,193 


38,383 
32,815 


However,  this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


19 


Table  K.— RETIREMENT  INCOME  ^ND  SPECIAL  DEDUCTIONS  FOR  PERSONS  WITH  TAX  CREDIT  FOR  RETIREMENT  INCOME  BY  AGE  GROUPS  AND  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


Taxable  returns: 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500... 
$1,500  under  $2,000.. 
$2,000  under  $2,500... 

$2,500  under  $3,000... 
$3,000  under  $3,500.. 
$3,500  under  $A,000.. 
$i,000  under  $i,500.. 
$6,500  under  $5,000... 

$5,000  under  $6,000... 
$6,000  under  $7,000... 
$7,000  under  $8,000.. 
$8,000  under  $9,000.. 
$9,000  under  $10,000. 


$10,000  under  $15,000... 
$15,000  under  $20,000... 
$20,000  under  $30,000... 
$30,000  under  $50,000... 
$50,000  under  $100,000.. 


$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000.. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total  taxable  returns. 


Nontaxable  returns: 

No  adjusted  gross  income. 


Under  $600.-. 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500.. 
$1,500  under  $2,000.. 
$2,000  under  $2,500.. 

$2,500  under  $3,000. 
$3,000  under  $3,500. 
$3,500  under  $4,000. 
$i,000  under  $4,500. 
$4,500  under  $5,000. 


$5,000  under  $6,000... 
$6,000  under  $8,000... 
$8,000  under  $10,000.. 
$10,000  01*  more 


Total  nontaxable  returns. 
Grand  total 


Returns  under  $5,000... 
Returns  $5,000  or  more. 


Number  of 
persons 
with  tax 
credit  for 
retirement 
income 


(1) 


16,158 

15,62i 
26,252 
23,782 
26,751 
24,271 

30,386 

22,790 
19,171 
15,692 
8,040 

32,164 
13,668 
12,418 
8,315 
4,728 

1,035 
362 
372 
60 
29 


310,182 


19,643 
50,346 
41,892 

25,238 

21,362 

7,689 

5,577 

5,070 

5,102 


Under  65  years  of  age 


Number  of 
persons 


(2) 


(') 

(M 

2,023 

4,017 
2,000 
2,049 
6,119 
2,040 

3,068 
5,068 
2,523 

(') 

(M 

1,567 

412 

404 

142 

75 


4,557 
7,067 
4,568 

4,585 

(M 


(') 


183,236 


493,418 


318,258 
175,160 


Retirement 
income 


(Thoutand 
dollvra) 


(3) 


(') 

3,616 

7,604 
3,215 
3,176 
9,518 
6,039 

3,157 
12,552 
3,035 

3,072 
1,536 
1,660 
952 
1,460 

360 
327 


71,344 


5,550 

10,290 

7,017 

7,846 

(M 

(') 


(M 


36,676 


59,839 


43,537 
16,302 


108,020 


69,408 
38,612 


Base  for 
credit 


(Jhouw»nd 
dollars) 


(4) 


(') 

1,950 

4,149 
1,515 
1,696 
4,763 
1,771 

2,082 
3,840 
2,659 

(M 
(M 

1,386 

323 

425 

145 

56 


4,397 
8,129 
4,657 

4,669 

(M 
(M 


25,570 


Age  65  years  or  more 


Number  of 
persons 


Retirement 
income 


(Thoutand 
dollar!} 


6,097 
14,135 

11,607 
24,252 
21,733 
20,632 
22,231 

27,318 
17,722 
16,648 

14,175 
7,040 

30,597 
13,256 
12,014 
8,673 
4,653 

1,031 

359 

370 

60 

29 


274,63; 


15,086 
43,279 
37,324 

20,653 

19,845 

7,200 

5,577 

5,070 

4,585 


(6) 


9,279 
18,226 

26,470 
58,721 
58,186 
62,108 
67,087 

103,431 
79,551 
86,882 

94,222 
46,401 

244,720 
140,996 
189,536 
181,709 
186,081 

71,596 
34,983 

54,777 
21,079 
26,554 


1,862,595 


17,660 
71,520 
75,142 

62,688 
51,307 
15,736 
12,091 
17,099 

10,532 


1,083 


Base  for 
credit 


( Thouaand 
doltara) 


(7) 


1,993 
5,031 

6,881 
16,886 
12,301 
14,671 
15,946 

23,508 
15,625 
13,037 
13,641 
6,650 

27,446 
13,379 
10,718 
7,308 
4,535 

933 

313 

350 

60 

30 


211,242 


41,708 
14,353 


274,721 
158,858 


334,858 


2,197,453 


623,320 

1,574,133 


14,260 
40,222 
36,275 

23,555 

18,857 

6,241 

5,932 

5,466 

4,702 


Deductions  from  the  $1,200  limit 


Retirement   income 

excluded  from  adjusted 

gross   income 


Number  of 
persons 


(8) 


4,551 
9,601 

5,068 
12,114 
11,652 
7,102 
8,609 

7,597 
5,546 
6,033 

3,051 
(M 

10,763 
4,600 
4,251 
3,247 
1,647 

346 

143 

116 

14 


(M 

10,584 

7,591 

(M 
(M 
(') 
(M 

(M 


Amount 
(  Thouaand 


(^) 


4,012 
6,766 

4,693 
8,380 
7,661 
5,848 
7,054 

6,808 
3,606 
5,081 
2,795 

8,380 
3,622 
3,453 
2,939 

1,405 

454 

131 

102 

14 

5 


84,742 


6,572 
3,942 

(') 
(M 
(') 
(M 
(M 


Earned  income  in 
excess  of  $900 


Number  of 
persons 


4,051 

(M 

3,092 

5,557 
4,051 

4,081 
4,051 

(M 

(M 

(M 

1,882 
858 
473 
430 
211 

50 
14 
17 
2 
3 


3,534 
(M 


Anvjunt 

(  Thouaand 
doltara) 


(11) 


(') 
2,845 

(M 
2,253 

(M 
5,499 
3,580 

6,308 
3,170 

(') 

(') 

(') 

3,327 
861 
1,126 
3,570 
2,037 

173 

226 

241 

16 

1 


40,253 


1,355 

(') 


(') 

(M 


224,517 
142,352 


89,691 


18,724 


63,138 

40,328 


30,496 

13,589 


3,847 


44,100 


22,107 

21,993 


See  text  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data. " 
^Sample  variability  of  this   item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing 


t  separately.      However,    this  value  is  included    in  each  total. 


retirement  income  that  could  be  used  in  the  computation 
of  i-etirement  credit.  The  tabulations  show  that  the  base 
for  credit  was  $0.4  billion.  This  is  only  18  percent  of 
the  reported  retirement  income.  The  maximum  retire- 
ment income  allowed  for  computing  the  credit  was  $1,200 
for  each  retired  person,  but  this  maximum  was  reduced 
by  the  amount  of  nontaxable  pensions  and  annuities  and 
by  the  earnings  in  excess  of  $900.  Moreover,  this  di- 
minished limitation  was  allowed  as  the  base  for  credit 
only  where  it  was  less  than  the  retirement  income  re- 
ceived. There  were  many  instaaices  in  which  retirement 
income  was  smaller  than  the  diminished  limitation  and, 
therefore,  became  the  base  for  credit. 

Deductions  from  the  $1,200  limit  were  $103.5  million 
for  nontaxable  pensions  and  annuities  and  $44.1  million 
for  the  excess  earned  income. 

Text  table  K  shows  that  there  were  493,418  persons 
who  claimed  the  tax  credit  for  retirement  income.  Ap- 
proximately 20,000  of  these  individuals  were  the  spouse 
of  a  retired  person  who  also  claimed  a  retirement  in- 
come tax  credit,  both  being  reported  on  a  joint  return 


of  husband  and  wife.  Of  the  493,418  persons  with  re- 
tirement credit,  12  percent  were  under  65  years  of  age. 
Their  retirement  income  was  $0.1  billion,  less  than  5 
percent  of  the  total  reported.  Eighty-eight  percent  of 
the  individuals  were  65  years  of  age  or  over  and  they 
had  $2.2  billion  of  retirement  income.  However,  per- 
sons under  65  years,  as  a  group,  were  able  to  use  52 
percent  of  their  retirement  income  as  the  base  for  credit, 
while  those  65  years  or  over  were  able  to  use  only  17 
percent  of  theirs. 

TABULATED  DATA 

In  addition  to  the  specific  data  tabulated  in  the  text 
tables,  financial  data  reported  on  individual  income  tax 
returns  for  1954,  relating  to  income,  deductions,  and 
taxes  are  tabulated  in  sixteen  basic  tables.  The  first  12 
tables  and  table  15  present  information  on  a  national 
basis,  while  tables  13,  14,  and  16  present  information  on 
a  State  basis.  Data  are  distributed  by  size  of  adjusted 
gross  income  in  12  of  these  basic  tables,  6  of  which  show 


20 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


the  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  separately  and  in 
the  remaining  6  they  are  combined.  In  one  basic  table, 
data  are  tabulated  by  size  of  taxable  income,  a  new 
classification.  In  tables  where  data  from  taxable  and 
nontaxable  returns  are  tabulated  together,  the  data  from 
nontaxable  returns  are  in  the  class  indicated  by  the 
amount  of  adjusted  gross  income  reported. 

Table  1  shows  the  number  of  returns  with  adjusted 
gross  income,  amounts  of  adjusted  gross  income,  tax- 
able income,  and  income  tax  liability  after  credits,  tab- 
ulated by  adjusted  gross  income  classes,  as  well  as  cum- 
ulations at  every  income  class  level  from  the  lowest  class 
and  from  the  highest  class,  together  with  corresponding 
percentages  of  the  total.  In  these  distributions,  taxable 
and  nontaxable  returns  with  adjusted  gross  income  are 
combined,  but  nontaxable  returns  with  no  adjusted  gross 
income  are  shown  in  aggregate,  apart  from  the  returns 
with  income. 

In  table  2,  the  amounts  of  income  and  loss  from  each 
of  the  sources  comprising  adjusted  gross  income  are 
shown  as  reported  on  returns  with  standard  deduction 
and  with  itemized  deductions.  For  returns  with  item- 
ized deductions,  these  items  are  subdivided  between  re- 
turns with  adjusted  gross  income  and  returns  with  no 
adjusted  gross  income,  and  the  amount  of  each  nonbusi- 
ness deduction  is  given  for  both  categories  of  returns. 
These  items  include  the  combined  taxable  and  nontax- 
able data. 

Table  3  contains  the  sources  of  income  and  loss  com- 
prising adjusted  gross  income  for  all  returns  and  the 
nonbusiness  deductions  reported  on  returns  with  item- 
ized deductions.  These  items  are  combined  for  taxable 
and  nontaxable  returns  and  are  distributed  by  adjusted 
gross  income  classes,  the  intervals  of  which  are  broader 
in  some  instances  than  in  other  basic  tables. 

Table  4  presents,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes,  the 
amount  of  each  source  of  income  and  loss  comprising 
adjusted  gross  income,  as  well  as  exemptions,  taxable  in- 
come, income  tax  before  credits,  tax  credits,  income  tax 
liability  after  credits,  and  items  pertaining  to  taxpay- 
ments.  In  addition  to  the  amounts,  there  are  frequen- 
cies for  these  items  where  pertinent.  Part  I  of  this 
table  includes  data  for  all  returns;  Part  II  shows  these 
data  for  joint  returns  only;  and  Part  III  has  similar 
data  for  returns  other  than  joint  returns.  Tiiroughout 
the  table,  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  are  shown 
independently. 

Table  5  includes  data  for  returns  with  itemized  non- 
business deduction  only,  tabulated  separately  for  taxable 
and  nontaxable  returns,  each  by  adjusted  gross  income 
classes.  These  data  embrace  the  number  of  returns, 
amount  of  adjusted  gross  income,  the  various  itemized 
deductions,  exemptions,  taxable  income,  income  tax  be- 
fore credits,  tax  credits,  and  income  tax  liability  after 
credits,  together  with  appropriate  frequencies. 

In  table  6,  there  is  a  distribution  of  the  number  of 
returns  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes,  cross  classified 
by  size  of  a  specified  source  of  income  or  loss  reported 


in  adjusted  gross  income.  Most  of  the  sources  are  in- 
cluded in  this  cross  classification,  however,  frequencies 
for  net  operating  loss  deduction  and  fiduciary  loss  are 
not  available.  Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  are  com- 
bined and  certain  of  the  adjusted  gross  income  classes 
are  merged. 

Table  7  has  a  distribution  of  the  number  of  returns 
by  adjusted  gross  income  classes,  cross  classified  by  the 
size  of  specified  itemized  deductions.  Only  four  de- 
ductions— contributions,  interest  paid,  taxes,  and  medi- 
cal expenses — are  included  in  this  tabulation.  Taxable 
and  nontaxable  returns  are  combined  and  the  adjusted 
gross  income  classes  are  the  same  as  those  in  table  6. 

Table  8  shows  data  tabulated  by  a  new  classification 
based  on  the  amount  of  taxable  income.  In  this  table, 
there  are  the  number  of  returns  with  taxable  income, 
the  amount  of  taxable  income,  total  tax  credits,  divi- 
dend received  credit,  retirement  income  credit,  normal 
tax  and  surtax,  and  alternative  tax,  both  taxes  being 
after  credits.  Because  different  tax  rates,  depending  on 
the  marital  status  of  taxpayer,  are  applied  to  taxable 
income,  the  tabulation  of  these  data  are  set  in  three 
parts,  each  signifying  an  applicable  tax  rate.  Part  I  is 
for  joint  returns  and  returns  of  surviving  spouse,  both 
of  which  are  entitled  to  split-income.  The  taxable  in- 
come class  intervals  correspond  to  the  brackets  of  the 
graduated  rate  schedule  used  for  such  returns.  Part  II 
is  for  separate  returns  of  husbands  and  wives  and  re- 
turns of  single  pereons  not  head  of  household  or  sur- 
viving spouse,  both  of  which  use  the  regular  tax  rates. 
The  taxable  income  class  intervals  correspond  to  the 
brackets  of  that  graduated  rate  schedule.  Part  III  is  for 
returns  of  heads  of  houseliold  entitled  to  use  the  rates 
provided  for  this  status.  The  taxable  income  class  inter- 
vals in  this  part  correspond  to  the  bracket  of  that  gradu- 
ated rate  schedule.  In  each  part,  taxable  and  nontaxable 
returns  are  shown  separately.  Taxable  income  was  me- 
chanically computed  for  short-form  returns.  Form  1040, 
and  for  returns.  Form  1040A,  so  that  all  returns  with  a 
positive  amount  of  taxable  income  were  included  in  this 
table  whether  or  not  tlie  amount  was  reported  by  the 
taxpayer. 

Table  9  contains  data  from  taxable  returns  only  and 
shows  the  number  of  returns  with  income  tax,  amount 
of  adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  income,  income  tax 
liability  after  credits,  average  income  tax  per  return, 
and  effective  income  tax  rate  based  on  taxable  income. 
All  these  data  are  distributed  by  adjusted  gross  income 
classes  for  all  taxable  returns,  for  returns  with  normal 
tax  and  surtax,  and  for  returns  with  alternative  tax. 

In  table  10,  tlie  number  of  returns,  amount  of  ad- 
justed gross  income,  exemptions,  taxable  income,  and  in- 
come tax  liability  after  credits  are  shown  for  all  re- 
turns and  for  returns  in  each  of  the  five  categories  in 
the  classification  for  martial  status  of  taxpayer.  These 
items  are  tabulated  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes  for 
taxable  returns  and  for  nontaxable  returns. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


21 


Table  11  gives  an  analysis  of  the  personal  exemptions 
claimed  by  tlie  taxpayer.  Here  are  the  total  number  of 
exemptions  claimed,  the  number  of  additional  exemp- 
tions claimed  for  age  and  blindness,  and  the  number  of 
exemptions  otiier  than  age  and  blindness,  tliat  is,  the  per 
capita  exemption  for  the  taxpayer,  his  spouse  on  a  joint 
return,  and  his  dependents.  In  addition,  there  is  a  fre- 
quency distribution  of  returns  by  specified  numbers  of 
exemptions  other  than  age  or  blindness  (per  capita). 
These  data  are  distributed  by  size  of  adjusted  gross  in- 
come, separately  for  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns,  for 
each  of  the  five  categories  in  the  classification  for  marital 
status  of  taxpayer. 

Data  in  table  12  pertain  to  tiie  details  making  up  the 
net  gain  and  net  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets  included 
in  adjusted  gross  income.  Because  of  the  different  treat- 
ment for  capital  gain  and  for  capital  loss,  details  from 
returns  with  a  deduction  on  account  of  a  capital  loss  are 
shown  apart  from  details  from  returns  with  a  capital 
gain.  Returns  with  a  capital  loss  are  subject  to  normal 
tax  and  surtax,  but  returns  with  a  capital  gain  are  sub- 
ject to  the  alternative  tax  under  certain  circumstances. 
Therefore,  the  latter  returns  are  segregated  in  the  tabu- 
lation to  show  details  for  capital  gain  subject  to  normal 
tax  and  surtax  apart  from  details  for  capital  gain  sub- 
ject to  alternative  tax.  In  each  breakdown,  there  are 
the  amounts  of  net  short-term  capital  gain  and  loss 
(after  carryover),  net  long-term  capital  gain  and  loss, 
and  capital  loss  carryover  from  the  5  preceding  years. 
Other  data  include  capital  loss  before  statutory  limita- 
tion regarding  the  deductible  loss,  amount  of  capital  loss 
deducted  from  gross  income,  capital  gain  included  in 
adjusted  gross  income,  and  the  entire  excess  of  net  long- 
term  capital  gain  over  net  short-term  capital  loss  which 
was  taxed  at  the  special  rate  of  25  percent.  All  these 
data  are  shown  separately  for  taxable  and  nontaxable 
returns,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes. 

Table  13  presents  in  aggregate  for  each  State  and 
Territory  certain  sources  of  income,  adjusted  gross  in- 
come, and  income  tax  liability  after  credits  reported  on 
returns  with  adjusted  gross  income.  These  data  are  for 
taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  combined.  For  the  first 
time,  Puerto  Rico  is  a  separate  entity  in  the  State  and 
Territoi-y  classification.  The  sources  of  income  tabu- 
lated by  States  iiave  been  expanded  this  year  to  in- 
clude the  combined  business  net  profit  and  loss,  the 
combined  partnership  net  profit  and  loss,  the  combined 
net  gain  and  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets,  and  the 
combined  rents  and  royalties  net  income  and  loss,  in 
addition  to  the  amounts  of  salaries  and  wages,  dividends, 
and  interest,  which  were  the  only  items  of  income  for- 
merly tabulated.  A  frequency  of  the  number  of  returns 
for  each  source  presented  is  also  shown. 

In  table  14,  the  number  of  returns,  amount  of  adjusted 
gross  income,  and  income  tax  liability  after  credits, 
reported  on  returns  with  adjusted  gross  income,  are 
tabulated  for  each  State  and  Territory,  by  adjusted 
gross  income  classes  established  especially  for  this  table. 


which  differ  somewhat  from  those  used  elsewhere  for 
national  distributions.  Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns 
are  combined  in  tliis  tabulation. 

Table  15  shows  information  taken  from  returns.  Form 
1040,  that  had  a  self-employment  tax  reported  by  the 
taxpayer.  This  information  is  presented  on  a  national 
basis  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes  without  regard  to 
the  income  tax  status.  The  number  of  returns  with  self- 
employment  tax,  amount  of  adjusted  gross  income  on 
these  returns,  and  the  self-employment  tax  are  shown 
for  all  returns  with  this  tax.  In  addition,  the  returns 
which  had  self-employment  tax  without  an  income  tax, 
although  included  in  the  distribution  for  all  returns 
with  self-employment  tax,  are  also  shown  by  tliemselves. 

Table  16  presents  data  from  returns,  Form  1040,  with 
adjusted  gross  income  and  with  self-employment  tax. 
These  data  include  the  number  of  returns  with  self- 
employment  tax,  amount  of  adjusted  gross  income,  and 
self-employment  tax,  distributed  on  a  State  basis.  No 
self -employment  tax  was  reported  on  returns  filed  by 
citizens  residing  in  Puerto  Rico.  Returns,  Form  1040 
P.  R.,  filed  by  Puerto  Ricans  for  self-employment  tax 
purposes  were  not  processed  for  statistics. 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  SAMPLE  AND 
LIMITATIONS  OF  DATA 

The  data  presented  for  individual  income  tax  returns 
for  1954  are  based  on  a  stratified  systematic  sample  con- 
sisting of  100  percent  of  returns  showing  adjusted  gross 
income  of  $150,000  or  more  and  of  various  lesser  per- 
centages of  returns  showing  adjusted  gross  income  un- 
der $150,000.  More  than  240,000  returns  were  selected 
in  64  district  directors'  offices.  These  represented  about 
0.4  percent  of  the  total  population  of  56.8  million  in- 
dividual returns  filed  throughout  the  country. 

Description  of  the  sample. — Table  L  shows  the  num- 
ber of  returns  processed,  the  number  of  returns  in  the 
sample,  the  prescribed  sampling  ratio,  and  the  achieved 
sampling  ratio,  by  estimating  strata.  The  difference 
between  the  prescribed  sampling  ratio,  and  the  achieved 
sampling  ratio  arises  from  three  sources:  incomplete 
numbering  series,  nonresponse,  and  the  normal  variation 
between  expected  sample  size  and  actual  sample  size. 

In  addition  to  the  stratification  imposed  by  selecting 
returns  from  each  internal  revenue  district,  the  sample 
selection  was  adapted  to  the  regular  return  sorting  pro- 
cedures which  are  employed  in  the  district  offices  to  fa- 

Tsble  L.— NUMBER  OF  INDIVIDllAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  PROCESSED  FOR  1964,  NUMBER 
OF  RETURNS  IN  SAMPLE,  AND  SAMPLE  RATIOS,  BV  ESTIMATING  STRATUM 


Sample  stratum 

Number  of 

returns 
processed 

Number  of 
returns 
in  sample 

Sample  ratios 

Form 

Adjusted  gross   income 

lype  of  return 

Prescribed 

Achieved 

13,273,525 
41,456,390 

1  1,914,376 

1      161,777 
7,130 

26,204 
82,663 

79,304 

45,175 
7,130 

1/500 
1/489 

1/23 

9/30 
1/1 

/Under  $10,000 

All 

Business .... 
Nonbusiness . 

Business 

Nonbusiness . 
All 

1/502 

1040 

($10,000  under  $30,000. 
) $10,000  under  $50,000. 
\$30,000  under  $150,000 
/$50,000  under  $150,000 
\  $150,000  and  over 

l/S-i 
9/32 

1/1 

56,818,198 

240,476 

- 

22 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


cilitate  collection  and  audit  requirements.  Returns  are 
sorted  on  the  basis  of  type  of  form,  kind  of  schedules 
attached,  size  of  adjusted  gross  income,  and  taxpayment 
status,  as  reported  by  the  taxpayer.  These  sorts  con- 
stituted effective  sampling  strata  because  the  character- 
istics on  which  the  strata  are  based  correlate  highly 
with  income  and  tax  characteristics. 

Inflating  sample  values  to  population  size.— The 
sample  values  were  extended  to  the  returns  they  repre- 
sented by  multiplying  them  by  "weighting  factors." 
These  weighting  factors  were  derived  for  each  class  of 
return  by  dividing  the  number  of  sample  returns  into 
the  total  number  of  returns  filed.  For  instance,  the 
weighting  factor  of  507  for  Form  1040A  returns  was 
obtained  by  dividing  the  number  of  returns  in  the  sam- 
ple, 26,204,  into  the  total  number  of  returns  filed,  13,- 
278,525.  The  primary  sources  of  population  data  were 
counts  made  and  submitted  by  the  district  offices  show- 
ing the  numbers  of  Form  1040A  and  Form  1040  re- 
turns processed. 

In  comparing  the  weighted  sample  numbers  of  re- 
turns with  the  figures  presented  as  national  totals  for 
similar  classes  of  returns,  slight  discrepancies  will  be 
noted.  As  shown  in  table  M,  the  discrepancies  i-esult 
from  the  elimination  of  certain  returns  and  the  reclass- 
ification of  others  in  preparing  the  tables. 


Table  M.— SOURCES  OF  DEVUTION  BETWEEN  WEIGHTED  SAMPLE  NUMBER  OF  RETURNS  AND 
NUMBER  OF  RETURNS  APPEARING  IN  TABLES  FOR  1954 


Number  of  returns 

Deviation 

from 

weighted 

sajnple 

Source  of  deviation 

Adjusted  gross  income 
class 

National 
totals 

Weighted 
sample 

Returns 
with  no 
informa- 
tion' 

Misclas- 
slfied 

returns 

Under  $10,000 

54,617,989 

2,121,937 

7,082 

54,734,915 

2,076,153 

7,130 

-116,926 

+45,784 

-48 

-70,701 
-489 

0 

-46,225 

$10,000  under  $150,000.. 
$150,000  and  over 

-(46,273 
-48 

All  classes 

56,747,008 

56,818,198 

-71,190 

-71,190 

0 

'These  figures  are  estimated  from  sample  returns  filed  with  the  Internal  Revenue 
Service  but  which  contain  no  Information  on  income .     They  are  in  the  population  of  re- 
turns sampled  but  are  excluded  from  tabulations. 

Separate  systems  of  weighting  were  used  for  the  na- 
tional tabulations  and  for  the  State  tabulations.  The 
weights  for  the  national  tabulations  were  derived  from 
nationwide  populations  obtained  by  adding  the  popu- 
lations reported  by  the  district  directors'  offices.  The 
separate  district  office  populations  were  used  to  derive 
the  independent  district  office  weights  for  the  State  tab- 
ulations. Achieved  sampling  rates  varied  sufficiently 
among  districts  to  warrant  using  two  separate  systems 
of  weights. 

As  a  result  of  using  two  weighting  systems  and 
rounded  weighting  factors,  there  exist  slight  discrep- 
ancies between  items  in  tables  showing  distributions  by 
States  and  corresponding  items  shown  in  the  national 
tables. 

Sampling  variability. — The  data  from  returns  witii 
adjusted  gross  income  of  $150,000  or  more  are  not  sub- 
ject to  sampling  variability  since  all  such  returns  were 
included  in  the  sample.  However,  the  estimates  which 
include  data  from  returns  with  adjusted  gross  income 


of  less  than  $150,000  are  subject  to  sampling  variability. 
Table  N  below  shows  the  range  within  which  we  would 
expect  to  find  1!)  out  of  20  estimates  prepared  from 
samples  similarly  selected.  In  the  preparation  of  this 
table,  it  was  assumed  that  systematic  selection  within 
strata  would  yield  results  equivalent  to  simple  random 
sampling.  For  instance,  if  data  from  returns  showing 
adjusted  gross  income  of  under  $10,000  reveal  500,000 
returns  having  a  certain  characteristic,  the  chances  are 
19  out  of  20  that  the  difference  between  this  figure  and 
the  one  that  would  have  been  obtained  from  a  complete 
count  is  less  than  31,530. 

Table  N.— SAMPLING  VARIABILITI'  OF  ESTIMATED  NUMBER  OF  RETURNS 


If  the  estimated  number  of  returns  is- 


1,000 

5,000 

25,000 

50,000 

100,000... 
500,000... 
1,000,000. 
5,000,000. 


And  if  the  adjusted  gross  income  class  of 
returns  to  which  the  estimate  refers  is — 


Under  $10,000 


$10,000  under  $50,000  under 
$50,000       $150,000 


Then  the  chances  are  about  19  out  of  20 
that  the  difference  between  this  estimated 
number  of  returns  and  the  figure  that  would 
be  obtained  from  a  count  of  all  returns  is 
less  than — 


3,160 
7,080 
10,010 

14,150 
31,530 
44,390 
95,490 


280 

630 

1,410 

1,980 

2,770 
5,480 
6,280 


100 
230 
460 
560 


'Sample  is  not  large  enough  to  give  reliable  estimate  of  the  sampling  variability 
for  this  item. 

A  general  table  of  sampling  variability  for  estimates 
that  are  based  on  returns  from  the  several  strata  is  not 
practical  to  prepare  because  of  the  large  number  of 
entries  in  the  tables.  The  sampling  variability  for  the 
value  in  each  such  cell  must  be  estimated  individually. 

It  is  reasonable  to  assume  that  the  estimates  of  ad- 
justed gross  income  by  class  are  subject  to  less  relative 
sampling  variability  than  are  the  associated  frequencies. 
Since  other  money  amounts  are  closely  related  to  or  de- 
pendent on  adjusted  gross  income,  it  may  be  confidently 
assumed  that  these  too  are  subject  to  less  sampling  vari- 
ability. Presented  in  table  O  are  selected  aggregate 
money  amounts  together  with  the  range  in  percent  that 
would  include  19  out  of  20  estimates  prepared  from  sim- 
ilarly selected  samples. 

Table  O.-RELATIVE  SAMPLING  VARIABILITY  OF  ESTIMATED  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME 
AGGREGATES  FOJi  SELECTED  CLASSES  OF  RETURNS 


Adjusted  gross  income  class 


Under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $50,000. 
$50,000  under  $150,000 
$150,000  and  over 

All  classes 


Estimated  adjusted 

gross  income 

aggregate 

(Thoua^nd  dollars) 


188,190,533 

33,829,629 

6,047,527 

2,168,166 


230,235,855 


Estimated  relative 

sampling  varia- 
bility in  percent 


0.35 
0.19 
0.25 
0.00 


0.29 


Deletion  of  certain  entries.— Throughout  the  tables 
the  policy  has  been  followed  of  deleting  where  possible 
those  entries  where  the  estinuited  relative  error  trace- 
able to  sampling  variability  was  judged  to  be  excessive. 
These  cells  are  appropriately  noted  in  each  instance 
where  this  deletion  has  occurred. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


23 


Other  limitations  of  the  data. — In  iiddition  to  sam- 
pling variability,  the  data  are  subject  to  certain  other 
limitations.  The  data  do  not  reflect  changes  that  re- 
sulted from  the  audit  program  aflfecting  Form  10-10  and 
1040A  for  1954.  In  addition,  controls  maintained  over 
the  selection  and  processing  of  the  returns  used  in  com- 
piling the  data  do  not  completely  eliminate  the  possibil- 
ity of  error.  Practical  operating  considerations  neces- 
sitate allowance  of  reasonable  tolerances  in  processing 
controls. 

EXPLANATION  OF  CLASSIFICATIONS 
AND  TERMS 

Classifications  for  Individual  Returns 

For  the  tabulations  in  this  report,  individual  returns 
were  classified  by  size  of  adjusted  gross  income,  by  size 
of  taxable  income,  by  size  of  certain  sources  of  income 
and  deductions,  as  standard  or  itemized  deductions  re- 
turns, as  taxable  or  nontaxable  for  income  tax,  by  types 
of  tax,  by  marital  status  of  taxpayer,  by  number  of 
exemptions  other  than  age  and  blindness,  and  by  States 
and  Territories. 

Adjusted  gross  income  classes. — The  amount  of  ad- 
justed gross  income  reported  by  the  taxpayer  was  the 
basis  for  this  classification.  AVith  one  exception,  the 
class  intervals  remain  the  same  as  last  year.  This  year, 
the  class  $100,000  under  $200,000  was  subdivided  into 
two  classes:  $100,(X)0  under  $150,000,  and  $150,000  under 
$200,000.  Returns  with  an  adjusted  gross  deficit,  what- 
ever the  amount,  and  returns  with  a  breakeven  in  ad- 
justed gross  income  are  designated  "No  adjusted  gross 
income"  and  appear  as  a  separate  class.  Returns  with 
no  information  on  them  were  not  used  for  statistics.  In 
tables  where  the  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  are 
combined,  the  nontaxable  returns  are  included  in  the  ad- 
justed gross  income  class  corresponding  to  the  amount 
of  adjusted  gross  income  reported,  without  regard  to 
the  class  interval  into  which  nontaxable  returns  are 
grouped  when  shown  separately. 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns. — This  classification 
was  based  on  the  presence  or  absence  of  an  income  tax 
liability  after  credits.  This  is  a  departure  from  the  tax 
status  classification  for  the  years  1951  through  1953  in 
that  the  current  basis  included  only  the  income  tax,  and 
disregarded  the  self-employment  tax. 

Taxable  returns  are  those  which  showed  an  income 
tax  liability  remaining  after  the  five  tax  credits  allowed 
for  dividends  received,  for  retirement  income,  for  for- 
eign taxes  paid,  for  tax  paid  at  source,  and  for  partially 
,  tax-exempt  interest.  The  last  three  tax  credits  were  al- 
lowed only  to  taxpayers  who  itemized  their  nonbusiness 
deductions. 

Nontaxable  returns  are  returns  with  no  income  tax 
liability  after  credits.  Nontaxable  returns  may  have 
had  an  income  tax  before  credits,  in  which  case  the  tax 
credits  were  sufficient  to  eliminate  the  original  tax. 


Returns  with  standard  deduction  or  with  itemized 
deductions. — Returns  classified  as  returns  with  standard 
deduction  were  card-form  returns.  Form  1040A,  and 
short-form  returns.  Form  1040,  on  both  of  which  the 
adjusted  gross  income  wtvs  less  than  $5,000  and  standard 
deduction  was  automatically  allowed  through  use  of  the 
optional  tax  table;  and  the  long- form  returns,  Form 
1040,  with  adjusted  gross  income  of  $5,000  or  more  on 
which  the  optional  standard  deduction  was  elected  by 
the  taxpayer. 

Returns  classified  as  returns  witli  itemized  deductions 
were  long-form  returns.  Form  1040,  on  which  nonbusi- 
ness deductions  allowed  against  adjusted  gross  income 
were  reported  in  detail  by  the  taxpayer,  or  on  which  no 
deductions  (standard  or  itemized)  were  taken,  and  all 
returns  with  a  deficit  or  a  breakeven  in  adjusted  gross 
income  whether  long-form  or  short-form  returns. 

Size  of  income  or  deduction. — For  the  purpose  of  a 
frequency  distribution  of  significant  items,  the  returns 
were  segregated  according  to  the  size  of  specified  sources 
of  income  or  loss  comprising  adjusted  gross  income  and 
the  size  of  certain  itemized  deductions.  The  class  inter- 
vals are  narrow  providing  adequate  classifications  of 
small  items  of  income  or  deduction. 

Taxable  income  classes. — The  amount  of  taxable  in- 
come, which  is  the  tax  base,  supplied  the  basis  for  this 
size  classification.  Taxable  income  was  reported  by  the 
taxpayer  on  long-form  returns.  Form  1040,  but  was 
mechanically  computed  for  returns,  Form  1040A,  and 
for  short-form  returns.  Form  1040,  on  which  the  taxable 
income  was  not  reported.  This  made  it  possible  to 
classify  all  individual  returns  by  taxable  income  classes. 
Returns  with  no  taxable  income  are  so  designated.  The 
class  intervals  coincide  with  the  taxable  income  brackets 
of  the  three  income  tax  rate  schedules  applying  to  (1) 
joint  returns  and  returns  of  surviving  spouse,  (2)  sepa- 
rate returns  of  husbands  and  wives  and  of  single 
persons  not  head  of  household  or  surviving  spouse,  and 
(3)  heads  of  liousehold.  There  are  24  income  brackets 
in  the  first  two  groups  and  26  brackets  in  the  third 
group,  each  group  having  its  distinct  class  intervals. 

Marital  status. — Classification  of  returns  for  marital 
status  of  taxpayer  was  based  on  the  marital  status  in- 
dicated by  the  taxpayer.  The  Code  provides  that  the 
marital  status  be  determined  at  the  close  of  the  tax  year 
or  on  the  date  of  the  death  of  a  spouse.  The  five  clas- 
sifications are:  joint  returns  of  husbands  and  wives, 
separate  returns  of  husbands  and  wives,  returns  of  heads 
of  household,  returns  of  surviving  spouse,  and  returns 
of  other  single  persons.  When  using  data  tabulated  by 
marital  status,  the  user  should  first  read  the  discussion 
under  Marital  Status  of  Taxpayer,  on  page  11. 

Joint  returns  of  husbands  and  wives  are  those  on 
which  a  married  couple  reported  their  combined  income, 
or  returns  of  a  married  person  whose  spouse  had  no 
income  but  who,  nevei-theless,  was  entitled  to  claim  ex- 
emption for  the  spouse.  Tliis  group  includes  joint  re- 
turns filed  on   Form   1040A  even  though  the  district 


24 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


director  may  have  determined  the  minimum  tax  on  the 
basis  of  separate  incomes  of  husband  and  wife,  on  some 
of  these  returns. 

Separate  returns  of  husbands  and  wives  are  returns 
of  married  persons  who  filed  a  return  independently 
from  their  spouse,  each  reporting  his  or  her  respective 
income  and  claiming  his  own  exemptions.  Returns 
showing  divided  community  income  were  classified  as 
separate  returns  of  husbands  and  wives.  This  group 
does  not  include  joint  returns,  Forai  1040A,  even  though 
the  district  director  determined  the  minimum  tax  on 
the  basis  of  separate  incomes  of  husband  and  wife. 

Returns  of  heads  of  household  are  returns,  Form 
1040,  filed  by  individuals  who  indicated  on  the  face  of 
their  returns  that  they  claimed  this  status.  The  Code 
specifies  head  of  household  as  an  unmarried  person  who 
furnished  over  half  the  maintenance  of  a  home  which 
was  his  residence  and  which  he  shared  during  the  entire 
year  with  any  related  person  for  whom  he  was  entitled 
to  the  exemption  (except  multiple  support),  or  with 
his  unmarried  child,  stepchild,  or  grandchild  even 
thougli  such  child  was  not  a  dependent,  or  who  paid 
more  than  half  the  cost  of  maintaining  a  household 
which  w^as  the  principal  abode  of  his  parents,  either  of 
whom  qualified  as  a  dependent. 

Returns  of  surviving  spouse  are  returns.  Form  1040, 
filed  by  a  widow  or  widower  who  signified  this  marital 
status  on  the  face  of  his  return.  The  Code  defines  a 
surviving  spouse  as  a  taxpayer  whose  spouse  died  during 
either  of  2  previous  years  and  who  had  not  remarried, 
but  who  had  maintained  as  his  home  a  household  which 
was  also  the  principal  abode  of  a  child  or  stepchild  for 
whom  the  taxpayer  was  entitled  to  the  deduction  for 
personal  exemption. 

Returns  of  single  persons  are  returns  of  unmarried 
individuals  who  did  not  claim  status  as  head  of  house- 
hold or  as  surviving  spouse. 

Number  of  exemptions  other  than  age  and  blind- 
ness.— For  a  frequency  distribution  of  returns  by  num- 
ber of  exemptions,  only  the  per  capita  exemption  of 
the  taxpayer,  his  spouse  on  a  joint  return,  and  each 
dependent  was  utilized.  This  maintained  the  same  basis 
for  this  distribution  that  was  used  in  previous  years. 
There  is  a  class  for  each  of  1  through  5  exemptions  and 
for  6  or  more  exemptions  for  all  returns  and  for  joint 
returns;  and  a  class  for  each  of  1  through  3  exemptions 
and  for  4  or  more  exemptions  for  separate  returns  of 
husbands  and  wives,  for  returns  of  heads  of  household, 
for  returns  of  surviving  spouse,  and  for  returns  of  single 
persons  not  head  of  household  or  surviving  spouse. 

Types  of  tax. — Returns  were  recognized  as  having  two 
kinds  of  income  tax,  that  is,  the  combined  normal  tax 
and  surtax  or  the  alternative  tax,  and  as  having  an  un- 
related self-employment  tax. 

Normal  tax  and  surtax  was  computed  at  tlie  regular 
rates  and  occurred  on  all  types  of  returns.  This  tax 
includes  the  optional  tax  paid  in  lieu  thereof.    Normal 


tax  and  surtax  applied  to  all  kinds  of  income  as  well  as 
to  the  capital  gain  or  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets 
unless  the  alternative  tax  was  imposed  in  regard  to  the 
capital  gain. 

Alternative  tax  occurred  on  returns  with  taxable  in- 
come above  $18,000  which  included  a  net  long-term  cap- 
ital gain  or  an  excess  of  net  long-term  capital  gain  over 
net  short-term  capital  loss,  but  only  if  the  alternative 
tax  was  less  than  the  regular  normal  tax  and  surtax 
computed  on  taxable  income  containing  capital  gain 
subject  to  normal  tax  and  surtax. 

Self-employment  tax  was  imposed  on  the  self-employ- 
ment income  of  individuals  owning  and  operating  a 
business  that  conformed  to  the  statutory  definition  of 
trade  or  business  for  self-employment  tax  purposes. 

States  and  Territories. — This  classification  consists 
of  the  48  States,  Hawaii,  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Puerto  Rico,  determined  by  the  location  of  the  internal 
revenue  district  in  which  the  return  was  filed,  except 
that  for  the  District  of  Columbia  and  Puerto  Rico,  the 
geographic  location  was  determined  from  the  address  of 
the  taxpayer.  Internal  revenue  districts,  or  groups  of 
such  districts,  are  coextensive  with  States  and  Terri- 
tories, with  the  exceptions  that  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia is  a  part  of  the  Baltimore  (Md.)  district,  Puerto 
Rico  and  Virgin  Islands  are  a  part  of  the  Lower  Man- 
hattan (N.  Y.)  district,  Alaska  is  a  part  of  the  Seattle 
(Wash.)  district,  and  Canal  Zone  is  a  part  of  the  Jack- 
sonville (Fla.)  district. 

Sources  Comprising  Adjusted  Gross  Income 

On  returns.  Form  1040,  where  the  taxpayer  reported 
income  attributable  to  several  tax  years  and  filed  his  re- 
turn under  provisions  of  Subchapter  Q,  Part  I,  of  the 
1954  Code,  the  amount  of  income  tabulated  is  only  that 
portion  of  income  pertaining  to  the  current  year. 

Such  income  originates  from  back  pay,  created  inven- 
tions or  artistic  works,  and  compensation  for  long  term 
services  either  as  an  individual  or  as  a  partner,  if  the 
fee  or  compensation  therefor  was  received  in  1  year 
but  the  work  was  performed  over  a  period  of  time  in- 
cluding prior  tax  years.  In  general,  the  provisions  for 
taxing  such  income  have  the  effect  of  including  the 
income  ratably  over  the  period  in  which  it  was  earned. 
Therefore,  only  the  portion  of  salaries,  business,  part- 
nership, or  other  income  allocated  to  the  current  year 
was  tabulated  for  these  sources  in  current  statistics. 

The  descriptions  given  below  relate  to  items  reported 
under  the  1954  provisions. 

Salaries  and  wages  (after  exclusions)  are  the 
amounts  of  compensation  included  in  adjusted  gross  in- 
come, except  wages  reported  in  other  income  on  Form 
1040A.  Salaries  and  wages  after  exclusions  are  exclu- 
sive of  amounts  received  as  wages  or,  in  place  of  wages, 
under  a  wage  continuation  plan  for  the  period  during 
which  the  employee  was  absent  from  work  on  account 
of  sickness  or  personal  injury.  Generally,  the  exclu- 
sion was  limited  to  $100  per  week,  but  was  reported  on 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


25 


all  types  of  returns.  Total  salaries  and  wages,  that  is 
before  exclusions  for  sick  pay,  included  bonuses,  tips, 
commissions,  and  other  kinds  of  compensation  received 
by  the  employee  for  services  rendered.  Amounts  paid 
to  the  employee  by  his  employer  to  cover  expenses  in- 
curred in  connection  with  the  employer's  business  were 
included  as  income  from  wages.  On  Form  1040,  travel 
and  lodging  expenses  incurred  while  away  from  home 
overnight  and  transportation  expenses  were  deducted 
before  reporting  the  total  salary  and  wages,  while  ex- 
penses other  than  travel  and  transportation  were  de- 
ducted only  to  the  extent  that  reimbursed  expenses  were 
included  in  wages.  Also,  outside  salesmen  deducted  all 
ordinary  and  necessary  business  expenses  from  their 
compensation  before  entering  total  salary. 

Dividends  (after  exclusions)  included  in  adjusted 
gross  income  are  those  reported  on  Form  1040  but  ex- 
clude up  to  $50  of  domestic  dividends  qualifying  for 
the  exclusion,  which  were  received  by  each  taxpayer,  or 
up  to  $100  on  joint  returns  if  both  husband  and  wife 
received  such  dividends.  Dividends  repoi-ted  included 
foreign  and  domestic  dividends  received  directly,  and 
dividends  qualifying  for  the  exclusion  received  through 
partnerships  and  fiduciaries,  but  excluded  the  so-called 
dividends  from  mutual  savings  banks,  cooperative 
banks,  domestic  building  and  loan  associations,  domes- 
tic savings  and  loan  associations,  and  Federal  savings 
and  loan  associations,  which  tlie  taxpayer  was  instructed 
to  report  as  interest  income.  This  is  the  first  year  in 
which  any  part  of  the  dividends  received  through  part- 
nerships and  fiduciaries  have  been  reported  in  this 
source.  Formerly,  all  dividends  received  through  these 
entities  were  left  in  the  income  from  partnerships  or 
from  estates  and  trusts. 

Interest  received  is  that  reported  on  Form  1040;  it 
includes  interest  on  bonds,  debentures,  notes,  mortgages, 
bank  deposits,  savings  accounts,  loans,  and  tax-free  cov- 
enant bonds,  together  with  the  partially  tax-exempt  in- 
terest. The  partially  tax-exempt  interest  includes  that 
received  through  partnerships  and  fiduciaries.  Accord- 
ing to  the  instructions  on  the  return,  the  so-called  div- 
idends mentioned  in  the  previous  paragrapli  were  to  be 
reported  as  interest  income. 

Business  or  professional  net  profit  or  net  loss  was 
reported  by  individuals  who  were  sole  proprietors  of  a 
business,  farm,  or  profession.  If  a  taxpayer  had  more 
than  one  sole  proprietorship  activity  during  the  year, 
the  single  amount  of  net  profit  or  net  loss  reported  in 
adjusted  gross  income  represented  a  combination  of  the 
profits  and  losses  from  all  of  liis  business  activities. 

Business  expenses  deductible  from  total  receipts  from 
business  activities  included  such  items  as  cost  of  goods 
sold,  salaries  and  wages  to  employees,  interest  on  busi- 
ness debts,  taxes  on  business  and  business  property,  bad 
debts  arising  from  sales  or  service,  depreciation  and  ob- 
solescence, dei)letion,  casualty  losses  on  business  prop- 
erty, rent,  repairs,  supplies,  advertising,  selling  expenses, 
insurance,  and  other  expenses  of  running  tlie  business. 


Compensation  of  the  sole  proprietor  was  not  allowed 
as  a  business  deduction  and  the  net  operating  loss  deduc- 
tion was  not  reported  among  the  business  deductions. 

Partnership  net  profit  or  net  loss  was  reported  by 
individuals  who  were  members  of  a  partnership,  syndi- 
cate, joint  venture,  or  the  like.  If  the  taxpayer  was  a 
member  of  more  than  one  partnership  during  the  year, 
the  single  amount  of  partnership  net  profit  or  net  loss 
reported  in  adjusted  gross  income  represented  a  combi- 
nation of  the  ordinary  net  income  or  loss  from  all  of 
his  partnership  shares  (whether  or  not  actually  re- 
ceived). In  reporting  the  net  profit  or  the  net  loss  from 
partnershij),  however,  the  taxpayer  was  reqiiired  to  ex- 
clude his  share  of  partially  tax-exempt  interest,  of  divi- 
dends qualifying  for  the  exclusion,  and  of  net  short-  and 
long-term  capital  gain  or  loss  and  to  report  them  in 
their  respective  sources. 

Net  operating  loss  deduction  relates  to  net  ojjerating 
losses  sustained  in  business  or  partnership  after  Decem- 
ber 31,  1949,  and  losses  suffered  from  fire,  storm,  or  other 
casualty,  or  from  theft  after  December  31,  1950,  but 
prior  to  1954.  The  deduction  claimed  in  the  current 
year  represented  the  portion  of  such  losses  which  had 
not  been  absorbed  by  the  required  carrybacks  and  carry- 
overs applied  to  the  net  income  of  prior  years. 

Net  gain  from  sales  of  capital  assets  included  in  ad- 
justed gross  income  is  the  amount  of  gain  from  sales  or 
e?ichanges  of  properties  that  were  treated  as  capital  as- 
sets. It  was  a  combination  of  net  short-term  capital 
gain  or  loss  (including  the  capital  loss  carryover  from 
1949-53)  and  100  percent  of  the  net  long-term  capital 
gain  or  loss.  If  the  net  long-term  capital  gain  exceeded 
the  net  short-term  capital  loss,  only  50  percent  of  the 
excess  gain  was  included  in  adjusted  gross  income.  If 
the  net  short-term  capital  gain  exceeded  the  net  long- 
term  capital  loss,  then  the  entire  excess  short-term  gain 
was  included  in  adjusted  gross  income.  In  making  this 
combination,  net  short-  and  long-term  capital  gain  or 
loss  from  partnerships  and  net  short-  and  long-term 
capital  gain  from  fiduciaries  were  included.  This  is  the 
first  year  in  which  capital  gain  from  fiduciaries  has  been 
reported  in  this  source  of  income. 

Net  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets  reported  as  a 
component  of  adjusted  gross  income  is  the  deductible 
loss  resulting  from  sales  or  exchanges  of  properties  that 
were  treated  as  capital  assets.  In  determining  the  deduc- 
tible loss,  all  short-term  capital  gains  and  losses  (in- 
cluding the  capital  loss  carryover  from  1949-53)  and  100 
percent  of  all  long-term  gains  and  losses  were  merged, 
and  the  excess  capital  loss  was  allowed  to  the  extent  of 
(a)  capital  loss,  (b)  taxable  income  (adjusted  gross  in- 
come, if  tax  was  determined  from  tax  table)  computed 
without  regai-d  to  capital  gains  and  losses  and  the  deduc- 
tion for  exemptions,  or  (c)  $1,000,  whichever  was  small- 
est. In  the  determination  of  tlie  excess  capital  loss,  net 
short-  and  long-term  capital  gain  or  loss  from  partner- 
ships and  net  short-  and  long-term  capital  gain  from 
fiduciaries    were    included.     Heretofore,    capital    gain 


26 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


from  fiduciaries  was  not  included.  The  excess  capital 
loss  not  deductible  in  the  current  year  may  be  carried 
into  each  of  5  succeeding  years  as  a  short-term  capital 
loss  until  it  has  been  eliminated  by  capital  gains  or 
through  the  capital  loss  deduction  allowed  in  computing 
adjusted  gross  income. 

Short  term  applies  to  gains  and  losses  from  sales  of 
capital  assets  held  6  months  or  less.  Such  gains  and 
losses,  together  with  the  capital  loss  carryover,  are 
merged  to  obtain  the  net  short-term  capital  gain  or  loss. 
In  this  merger,  the  net  short-term  capital  gain  or  loss 
from  partnerships  and  the  net  short-term  capital  gain 
from  fiduciaries  are  also  included. 

Long  term  applies  to  gains  and  losses  from  sales  of 
property  treated  as  capital  assets  but  held  more  than  6 
months.  These  gains  and  losses  are  taken  into  account 
at  100  percent.  Long-term  capital  gains  and  losses  to- 
gether with  net  long-term  capital  gain  or  loss  received 
through  partnerships  and  net  long-term  capital  gain 
received  from  fiduciaries  are  merged  to  determine  the 
net  long-tei-m  capital  gain  or  loss. 

Capital  loss  carryover  from  1949-53  is  the  remaining 
portion  of  net  capital  loss  sustained  in  those  years  but 
which  the  taxpayer  had  not  yet  been  able  to  eliminate 
through  his  capital  gains  or  the  $1,000  deduction  al- 
lowed for  capital  losses  in  computing  his  adjusted  gross 
income,  in  years  subsequent  to  the  year  in  which  the 
capital  loss  arose.  This  carryover  was  reported  with 
and  treated  as  a  current  year,  short-term  capital  loss 
by  the  taxpayer. 

Net  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets  before  limita- 
tion is  the  entire  net  loss  from  sales  or  exchanges  of  prop- 
erty treated  as  capital  assets  and  reported  on  returns 
showing  a  capital  loss  deduction  from  gross  income  on 
account  of  this  loss.  It  is  a  combination  of  the  net 
short-term  capital  gain  or  loss  including  the  capital  loss 
can-yover  and  the  net  long-term  capital  gain  or  loss, 
without  regard  to  the  statutory  limitation  on  the  allow- 
able deduction. 

Net  long-term  capital  gain  in  excess  of  net  short- 
term  capital  loss  is  the  entire  amount  of  this  excess 
occurring  on  returns  with  the  alternative  tax;  it  is  not 
the  amount  included  in  adjusted  gross  income.  This 
excess  long-term  capital  gain  is  the  amount  to  which  the 
special  rate  of  25  percent  is  applied  in  computing  the 
alternative  tax. 

Net  gain  or  loss  from  property  other  than  capital 
assets  is  that  from  sales  or  exchanges  of  property  which 
was  not  treated  as  a  capital  asset.  Unlike  the  excess 
net  long-term  capital  gain  above,  all  of  this  type  of  net 
gain  was  included  in  adjusted  gross  income.  Also,  a 
net  loss  of  this  type  was  wholly  deducted  in  computing 
adjusted  gross  income. 

Annuities  and  pensions  included  in  adjusted  gross  in- 
come are  only  the  taxable  portion  of  amounts  received 
within  the  tax  year.  The  full  amount  of  a  pension  or 
annuity  received  by  a  retired  employee  who  contributed 
nothing  toward  the  cost  was  taxable.     In  cases  where 


the  annuitant  contributed  to  the  cost,  new  methods  were 
provided  for  computing  the  taxable  amount  to  be  re- 
ported, each  depending  upon  the  type  of  pension  or 
annuity  but,  in  general,  provision  was  made  to  exclude 
a  portion  of  the  receipts  as  recovery  of  cost. 

Rents  and  royalties  were  reported  in  a  single  schedule 
on  the  income  tax  return.  Therefore,  the  annual  net 
income  or  net  loss  which  was  available  represented  a 
combination  of  the  net  income  and  net  loss  from  both 
types  of  investment.  Rents  included  not  only  rents 
from  real  estate  but  also  amounts  received  from  renting 
any  kind  of  property,  and  included  the  fair  market 
value  of  crops  received  as  rent  from  farm  property. 
Royalties  included  revenue  from  copyrights,  patents, 
trademarks,  formulas,  natural  resources  under  lease,  and 
the  like.  Deductions  against  the  gross  income  received 
from  these  investments  were  claimed  for  maintenance, 
insurance,  repairs,  interest,  taxes,  depreciation,  deple- 
tion, and  other  expenses  pertaining  to  the  respective 
income. 

Income  or  loss  from  estates  and  trusts  is  the  tax- 
payer's share  of  fiduciary  income  from  an  estate  or  trust 
under  which  he  was  a  beneficiary.  Fiduciary  income 
includes  amounts  required  to  be  distributed,  and 
amounts  credited  to  the  beneficiary's  account  whether  ac- 
tually received  or  not,  as  well  as  amounts  paid  to  the 
beneficiary.  Income  from  estates  and  trusts  was  re- 
duced by  the  taxpayer's  share  of  depreciation.  Capital 
gain,  dividends  qualifying  for  the  exclusion,  and  par- 
tially tax-exempt  interests  were  excluded  and  reported  ^ 
in  their  respective  source.  A  loss  from  estates  and  ' 
trusts  was  disti-ibuted  to  a  beneficiary  only  upon  ter- 
mination of  a  trust  or  an  estate  which  had  a  net  operating 
loss  carryover,  or  a  capital  loss  carryover,  or  for  its 
last  tax  year  had  deductions  (other  than  exemption  and 
charitable  deduction)  in  excess  of  gross  income. 

Other  sources  of  income  include  alimony  received, 
prizes,  awards,  sweepstakes  winnings,  gambling  profits, 
recovery  of  bad  debts  and  taxes  deducted  in  a  prior  year, 
insurance  received  as  reimbursement  of  medical  expenses 
previously  deducted,  and  any  other  item  of  income  not 
separately  reported.  Also  there  was  included  a  total  of 
$22,912,000  which  consisted  of  wages  not  subject  to  in- 
come tax  witliholding,  dividends  after  exclusions,  and 
interest,  not  exceeding  $100  per  return,  reported  in  one 
sum  as  other  income  on  431,819  returns.  Form  1040A. 

Itemized  Nonbusiness  Deductions 

The  descriptions  of  itemized  deductions  which  follow 
are  confined  to  the  nonbusiness  deductions  permitted 
under  the  1954  Code  as  a  deduction  from  adjusted 
gross  income. 

Contributions  consist  of  gifts  to  organizations  created 
in  the  United  States  or  its  possessions,  or  under  our 
laws  and  operated  for  religious,  charitable,  scientific, 
literary,  or  educational  purposes  exclusively,  or  for  the 
prevention  of  cruelty  to  children  or  animals;  and  gifts 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


27 


made  to  veterans'  organizations  or  to  governmental  agen- 
cies whicli  use  the  gifts  for  public  purposes.  Persons 
who  were  members  of  a  partnership  included  their  pro 
rata  share  of  contributions  made  by  their  partnership. 
In  general,  the  deduction  may  not  exceed  20  percent  of 
adjusted  gross  income,  but  under  the  new  Code,  there  is 
allowed  an  additional  deduction  up  to  10  percent  of  ad- 
justed gross  income  for  contributions  made  to  churches, 
tax-exempt  hospitals  and  tax-exempt  educational  institu- 
tions. So  it  was  possible  to  have  a  deduction  equal  to 
30  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income.  Also,  tliere  is  an 
unlimited  deduction  if,  in  the  current  year  and  in  8  of 
the  10  preceding  years,  the  amount  of  contributions  plus 
the  amount  of  income  tax  paid  during  sucli  year  (in 
respect  to  such  year  or  preceding  years)  exceeds  90  per- 
cent of  taxable  income  for  the  respective  year,  computed 
with  modifications. 

Interest  paid  is  that  paid  on  personal  debts,  mortgages, 
bank  loans,  and  installment  purchases  of  real  or  personal 
property,  but  does  not  include  interest  on  money  bor- 
rowed to  buy  tax-exempt  securities  or  single-premium 
life  insurance  and  endowment  contracts;  neitiier  does  it 
include  interest  relating  to  rents,  royalty,  or  business 
income  which  was  reported  in  those  schedules. 

Taxes  paid  include  personal  property  taxes.  State  in- 
come taxes,  certain  State  and  local  retail  sales  taxes, 
State  gasoline  taxes  and  automobile  license  fees,  taxes 
paid  to  a  foreign  country  or  possession  of  the  United 
States  unless  a  foreign  tax  credit  was  claimed,  and  real 
estate  taxes  except  those  levied  for  improvements  that 
tended  to  increase  the  value  of  the  property.  Federal 
taxes  were  not  deductible.  Taxes  paid  on  business  prop- 
erty were  repoi-ted  in  the  rent  and  business  schedules. 

Medical  and  dental  expenses  are  allowed  as  a  deduc- 
tion from  adjusted  gross  income  with  limitations.  Ex- 
penditures considered  for  this  deduction  were  the  actual 
amounts  paid  during  the  tax  year  for  the  care  of  the 
taxpayer,  his  spouse,  and  any  dependent  who  received 
over  one-half  of  his  support  from  the  taxpayer  regard- 
less of  the  dependent's  gross  income.  Such  expenses  in- 
cluded payments  to  physicians,  surgeons,  dentists,  nurses, 
hospitals,  oculists,  chiropractors,  and  osteopatlis,  as  well 
as  X-rays,  tlierapy  treatments,  dentures,  crutches,  hear- 
ing aids,  and  the  like.  Amounts  paid  for  medicines  and 
drugs  could  be  included  only  to  the  extent  of  1  percent 
of  adjusted  gross  income  under  the  new  law.  However, 
the  allowable  deduction  was  liberalized  in  that  medical 
costs  in  excess  of  3  percent  (formerly  5  percent)  of  ad- 
justed gross  income  were  allowed.  Any  sick  and  health 
insurance  or  hospital  coverage  received  was  subtracted 
from  the  total  medical  expenses,  after  which  the  deduc- 
tion was  allowed  if  within  the  limitations.  If  neither 
the  taxpayer  nor  his  spouse  had  attained  the  age  of  65, 
the  deductible  medical  expenses  for  botii,  including  those 
for  their  dependents,  were  that  portion  of  such  expenses 
which  exceeded  an  amount  equal  to  3  percent  of  adjusted 
gross  income.  If  either  the  taxpayer  or  his  spouse  was 
65  years  of  age  or  over  before  the  close  of  the  tax  year. 


the  deductible  expenses  for  both  were  not  restricted  to 
the  excess  over  3  percent  of  adjusted  gross  income;  and 
the  entire  medical  expenses  for  both  together  witii  medi- 
cal expenses  for  their  dependents  in  excess  of  3  percent 
of  the  adjusted  gross  income  constituted  their  deductible 
expenses.  However,  the  maximum  deduction  allowed  in 
any  case  was  limited  to  $2,500  nniltiplied  by  the  number 
of  allowable  exemptions  other  than  age  and  blindness, 
but  could  not  exceed  $10,000  for  husband  and  wife  filing 
jointly,  for  a  head  of  household,  or  for  a  surviving 
spouse,  nor  could  it  exceed  $5,000  for  a  single  person,  or 
for  married  persons  filing  separate  returns. 

Child  care  is  a  deduction  provided  under  the  new  Code, 
for  working  women  and  widowers.  The  deduction  was 
allowed  on  account  of  expenses  for  the  care  of  a  depend- 
ent child  or  stepchild  under  12  years  of  age,  or  of  any 
dependent  who  was  physically  or  mentally  incapable 
of  caring  for  himself,  while  tiie  taxpayer  was  em- 
ployed. The  deduction  was  limited  to  $600,  regardless 
of  the  amount  of  expense  incurred.  In  the  case  of  a 
working  wife,  the  deduction  was  allowed  only  if  (1) 
she  filed  a  joint  return  with  her  liusband,  and  (2)  their 
combined  adjusted  gross  income  was  less  than  $5,100 
(unless  the  husband  was  incapable  of  self-support.) 
This  second  limitation  for  a  working  wife  resulted  from 
the  provision  that  the  maximum  allowable  deduction  of 
$600  is  reduced  by  the  amount  of  adjusted  gross  income 
in  excess  of  $4,500. 

Losses  from  fire,  storm,  or  other  casualty,  or  theft 
reported  as  a  deduction  are  the  net  losses  on  nonbusiness 
property  resulting  from  destruction  by  fire,  storm,  au- 
tomobile accident,  shipwreck,  flood,  or  other  natural 
physical  forces,  and  from  losses  due  to  theft.  The  de- 
duction was  limited  to  the  net  loss  sustained,  that  is,  the 
value  of  property  just  before  the  loss  less  salvage  value 
and  insurance  or  other  reimbursement  received. 

Other  deductions  include  ail  other  authorized  non- 
business deductions  not  separately  reported,  such  as  ali- 
mony and  separate  maintenance  payments,  expenses  in- 
curred in  the  collection  of  taxable  income  or  for  the  man- 
agement, conservation,  or  maintenance  of  property  held 
for  the  production  of  taxable  income,  taxpayer's  share 
of  interest  and  taxes  paid  by  a  cooperative  apartment 
corporation,  gambling  losses  not  in  excess  of  winnings 
reported  in  income,  and  expenses  in  connection  with  the 
taxpayer's  job,  for  example,  dues  to  unions  or  profes- 
sional societies,  cost  of  tools  and  supplies,  fees  to  em- 
ployment agencies,  and  any  allowable  expense  in  connec- 
tion with  his  employer's  business  which  was  in  excess 
of  reimbursed  amounts. 

Exemptions 

In  computing  taxable  income  for  the  tax  year  1954, 
a  deduction  of  $600  was  allowed  for  each  exemption  to 
which  an  individual  was  entitled.  A  per  capita  exemp- 
tion of  $600  was  allowed  for  the  taxpayer  and,  on  a  joint 
return,  his  spouse,  and  for  each  cliild  ( including  a  step- 


44SS05   O  -57  -3 


28 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


child  or  an  adopted  child)  wlio  received  more  than  one- 
half  of  his  support  from  tlie  taxpayer  and  who  was  un- 
der 19  years  of  age  or  was  a  student.  If  the  child  was 
19  or  over  and  not  a  student,  exemption  was  allowed 
only  if  the  child  met  the  sujiport  test  and  had  gross  in- 
come under  $600.  Also,  an  exemption  was  allowed  for 
each  other  dependent  (specified  below)  with  less  than 
$600  gross  income  who  received  over  one-half  of  his  sup- 
port from  the  taxpayer.  To  qualify  as  a  dependent,  the 
child  or  other  dependent  must  have  been  a  citizen  or 
resident  of  the  United  States,  or  a  resident  of  Canada, 
Mexico,  Republic  of  Panama,  or  the  Canal  Zone. 

Additional  exemptions  of  $600  for  age  65  or  over  and 
$600  for  blindness  were  allowed  the  taxpayer  and,  if  a 
joint  return  was  filed,  the  taxpayer's  spouse. 

If  the  dependency  qualifications  were  met,  exemption 
was  claimed  for  parent,  grandparent,  grandchild, 
brother,  sister,  stepbrotlier,  stepsister,  stepmother,  step- 
father, mother-in-law,  father-in-law,  brother-in-law,  sis- 
ter-in-law, son-in-law,  and  daughter-in-law;  for  uncle, 
aunt,  nephew,  or  niece  if  related  by  blood;  and  for  any 
person  who  lived  in  the  taxpayer's  home  and  who  was 
a  member  of  his  household,  whether  or  not  related  to  the 
taxpayer. 

The  new  law  made  an  exception  to  the  support  test  for 
a  dependent  who  was  supported  by  several  persons  none 
of  whom  contributed  more  than  one-half.  Under  this 
provision,  any  one  of  the  group  who  had  contributed 
more  than  10  percent  of  the  support  could  claim  the  ex- 
emption if  each  of  the  others  who  contributed  more  tlian 
10  percent  of  the  support  filed  a  declaration  that  he 
would  not  claim  the  exemption. 

The  number  of  exemptions  and  the  amount  claimed, 
as  tabulated  in  this  report,  include  exemptions  from 
every  return  filed.  There  is  some  duplication  of  exemp- 
tions inasmuch  as  dependents  with  less  than  $600  of 
gross  income  from  wages  subject  to  income  tax  with- 
holding filed  a  return  to  daim  refund  of  tax;  and  chil- 
dren dependents  under  19  years  of  age  and  children 
dependents  over  19  years  who  were  students,  with  gross 
income  of  $600  or  more,  filed  a  return  because  their  in- 
come met  the  requirement  for  filing.  Exemptions 
claimed  on  returns  filed  by  these  dependents  wei-e  tab- 
ulated, as  well  as  the  exemptions  for  these  dependents 
reported  on  the  return  of  the  taxpayer  rightfully  claim- 
ing the  dependent. 

Measures  of  Individual  Income 

Items  explained  here  are  in  accordance  witli  the  defi- 
nitions under  tlie  new  provisions  of  the  1954  Code. 

Adjusted  gross  income  is  defined  as  gross  income 
minus  (a)  allowable  expenses  attributable  to  the  tax- 
payer's trade  or  business,  (b)  expenses  paid  or  incurred 
in  connection  with  services  as  an  employee  under  a  re- 
imbursement or  other  expense  allowance  arrangement 
witli  tlie  employer,  (c)  expenses  of  travel,  meals,  and 
lodging  while  away  from  home  incurred  by  the  tax- 
payer in  connection  with  services  rendered  as  an  em- 


ployee, (d)  expenses  of  transportation  paid  by  the  tax- 
payer in  connection  with  the  performance  of  services 
as  an  employee,  (e)  expenses  of  outside  salesmen  at- 
tributable to  business  carried  on  by  the  taxpayer  if  such 
business  consists  of  the  performance  of  services  as  an 
employee  and  if  the  business  is  to  solicit,  away  from  the 
employer's  place  of  business,  business  for  the  employer, 
(f)  deductions  attributable  to  rents  and  royalties,  (g) 
deductions  for  depreciation  and  dej^letion  allowable  to 
a  life  tenant  or  an  income  beneficiary  of  property  held 
in  trust,  (h)  allowable  losses  from  sales  of  capital  as- 
sets and  other  property,  and  (i)  a  deduction  equal  to 
50  percent  of  the  excess  of  net  long-term  capital  gain 
over  net  short-term  capital  loss. 

Adjusted  gross  deficit  occurred  in  the  event  that  the 
deductions  allowed  for  the  computation  of  adjusted 
gross  income,  stated  above,  exceeded  the  gross  income. 

Taxable  income  tabulated  for  individual  returns  is  ad- 
justed gross  income  minus  deductions,  itemized  or  stand- 
ard, and  personal  exemptions.  The  amount  of  taxable 
income,  shown  throughout  this  report,  includes  both  the 
taxable  income  reported  by  taxpayers  on  the  long-form 
return,  Form  1040,  and  a  mechanically  computed 
amount  of  taxable  income  for  taxpayers  who  used  the 
short-form  return.  Form  1040,  or  the  return,  Form 
1040A,  wherein  the  amount  of  taxable  income  was  not 
a  factor  because  the  optional  tax  table  was  used  for  tax 
purposes.  Taxable  income  for  the  latter  taxpayers  was 
computed  by  (a)  using  the  midpoint  of  the  adjusted 
gross  income  bracket  of  the  tax  table  into  which  the 
income  fell  as  the  amount  of  adjusted  gross  income,  and 
(b)  providing  a  10-percent  standard  deduction  based 
on  the  midpoint,  and  (c)  allowing  $600  for  each  exemp- 
tion claimed.  This  formula  resulted  in  the  actual 
amount  of  taxable  income  upon  which  the  tax  was  based. 
This  is  the  only  instance  in  which  an  item,  not  reported 
on  the  individual  income  tax  return,  was  supplied  for 
the  tabulations. 

The  concept  of  taxable  income  may  be  considered  sim- 
ilar to  the  concept  of  surtax  net  income  of  former  yeai's, 
if  the  other  changes  in  the  new  law  are  ignored. 

Tax  Items 

The  reduced  tax  rates,  previously  enacted  as  appli- 
cable to  individual  income  on  and  after  January  1,  1954, 
were  carried  from  the  1939  Code  into  the  1954  Code. 
However,  in  tlie  1954  Code,  tiie  normal  tax  rate  and  the 
graduated  surtax  rates  were  consolidated  into  a  single 
comprehensive  rate  schedule. 

The  income  tax  rates  for  1954  income  were  20  percent 
of  the  first  $2,000  of  taxable  income,  increasing  to  91 
percent  of  taxable  income  in  excess  of  $200,000  for  all 
persons  except  heads  of  household,  and  in  excess  of 
$300,000  for  heads  of  household.  However,  under  the 
split-income  provision,  the  91-percent  rate  was  opera- 
tive only  on  taxable  income  in  excess  of  $400,000  on 
joint  returns  and  returns  of  surviving  spouse.  The 
maximum  tax  was  limited  to  87  percent  of  taxable  in- 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


29 


come.  These  rates  are  somewhat  lower  than  tliose  on 
1953  income. 

Fiscal-jear  and  part-year  returns  covering:  a  period 
tliat  embraced  January  1,  1954,  showed  a  proration  of 
tax  to  give  efTect  to  the  change  in  tax  rates  on  January 
1,  1954. 

The  descriptions  of  tax  items  are  given  in  terms  of 
the  1954  tax  provisions. 

Income  tax  before  credits  is  the  tax  based  on  taxable 
income  and  calculated  at  the  prescribed  rates.  It  may  be 
the  optional  tax,  the  regular  income  tax,  or  the  alter- 
native tax  and  it  is  without  regard  to  tax  credits  al- 
lowed as  a  reduction  thereof. 

Normal  tax  and  surtax  is  the  regular  income  tax 
which  includes  the  optional  tax.  The  normal  tax  and 
surtax  was  computed  on  taxable  income  at  the  rates 
stated  above  and  reported  by  taxpayere  wlio  filed  the 
long-form  return,  Form  1040.  Optional  tax  was  re- 
ported by  taxpayers  who  used  the  short-form  return, 
Form  1040,  while  the  optional  tax  was  determined  by 
the  district  director  for  taxpayers  who  filed  tlie  card- 
form  return.  Form  1040A.  The  optional  tax  table  stated 
the  tax  for  the  various  adjusted  gross  income  brackets 
and  numbers  of  exemptions,  for  taxpayers  M-ith  adjusted 
gross  income  under  $5,000  from  whatever  source. 

Alternative  tax  applied  only  in  case  the  taxpayer  had 
an  excess  of  net  long-term  capital  gain  over  net  short- 
term  capital  loss  and  only  if  the  alternative  tax  was  less 
than  the  regular  income  tax.  Alternative  tax  was  the 
sum  of  (a)  a  partial  tax  computed  at  the  regular  income 
tax  rates  on  taxable  income  reduced  by  50  percent  of 
the  excess  net  long-term  capital  gain  over  the  net  short- 
term  capital  loss,  and  (b)  an  amount  equal  to  25  percent 
of  the  entire  excess.  The  alternative  tax  is  not  eflective 
on  taxable  income  under  $18,000. 

Tax  credit  for  dividends  received  is  a  new  income 
tax  credit,  allowed  on  returns  with  tax  year  ended  after 
July  31,  1954,  for  domestic  dividends  received  after  that 
date.  This  credit  is  equal  to  4  percent  of  the  qualifying 
dividends  in  excess  of  the  dividends  excluded  from  gi"oss 
income.  However,  the  credit  could  not  exceed  the  lesser 
of  (a)  the  income  tax  reduced  by  foreign  tax  credit, 
or  (b)  2  percent  of  the  taxable  income. 

Tax  credit  for  retirement  income,  under  the  new 
law,  is  allowed  against  the  income  tax,  if  the  taxpayer 
qualified  with  regard  to  earned  income  in  prior  yeai*s. 
The  credit  is  20  percent  of  tlie  retirement  income,  as 
defined  by  statute,  with  a  maximum  limit  of  $240  for 
each  individual.  The  credit,  however,  could  not  exceed 
the  income  tax  reduced  by  the  other  four  tax  credits. 

Tax  credit  for  foreign  tax  paid  was  allowed  against 
the  income  tax  only  to  taxpayers  who  itemized  deduc- 
tions but  who  did  not  deduct  this  tax  among  those 
deductions.  Tlie  credit  pertains  to  income  and  profits 
taxes  paid  to  a  foreijrii  country  or  possession  of  the 
United  States,  including  the  taxpayer's  share  of  such 
taxes  paid  through  partnerships  and  fiduciaries.  The 
credit  could  not  exceed  the  same  proportion  of  the  tax 


against  which  the  credit  was  taken  which  the  taxable 
income  from  sources  in  such  foreign  country  bore  to  the 
entire  taxable  income  computed  without  pereonal 
exemption. 

Tax  credit  for  tax  paid  at  source  relates  to  income 
tax  withheld  and  paid,  by  the  debtor  corporation,  on 
interest  from  tax-free  covenant  bonds.  Credit  for  the 
amount  of  tax  paid  including  the  taxpayer's  share  of 
such  tax  paid  through  partnerships  and  fiduciaries  was 
allowed  against  the  income  tax  but  only  if  deductions 
were  itemized. 

Tax  credit  for  partially  tax-exempt  interest  replaces 
the  foi-mer  deduction  from  net  income  and  was  allowed 
against  the  income  tax  only  if  deductions  were  itemized. 
The  tax  credit  is  3  percent  of  the  partially  tax-exempt 
interest  included  in  gross  income,  but  was  limited  to 
the  lesser  of  (a)  3  percent  of  taxable  income,  or  (b)  the 
income  tax  reduced  by  the  credit  for  foreign  tax  paid 
and  the  credit  for  dividends  received. 

Income  tax  liability  after  credits  is  the  remaining 
tax  after  the  subtraction  of  all  tax  credits,  but  prior  to 
adjustments  for  tax  withheld  and  the  payments  on 
declaration. 

Self-employment  tax  was  reported  by  an  individual 
who  had  net  earnings  from  self-employment  derived 
from  a  trade  or  business  carried  on  by  him,  or  from  his 
share  of  self-employment  net  earnings  from  a  partner- 
ship of  which  he  was  a  member.  However,  farmers  and 
most  professional  services  were  excluded  from  the  defini- 
tion of  self -employment  earnings,  and  certain  types  of 
income  and  deductions  were  excluded,  such  as  rents,  in- 
terest, dividends,  capital  gains  and  losses,  net  operating 
loss  deduction,  and  casualty  losses.  If  such  net  earnings 
were  $400  or  more,  they  were  considered  self-employ- 
ment income.  In  determining  the  amount  of  self-em- 
ployment income  to  be  taxed,  three  factors  were  con- 
sidered: first,  the  amount  of  net  earnings  from 
self -employment  must  be  $400  or  more;  second,  the 
maximum  amount  of  self-employment  income  to  be 
taxed  is  $3,600 ;  and  third,  the  amount  of  wages  received 
on  which  social  security  tax  had  been  withheld  by  an 
employer.  If  social  security  tax  was  withlield  from 
wages,  the  amount  of  such  wages  was  subtracted  from 
the  maximum  amount  of  $3,600  to  determine  the  limit 
on  self-employment  income  to  be  taxed.  The  amount  of 
self-employment  income  subject  to  tax  was  the  smaller 
of  (a)  the  amount  of  the  limit  on  self-employment  in- 
come to  be  taxed,  determined  as  stated,  or  (b)  the 
amount  of  net  earnings  from  self -employment.  No  ex- 
emption was  allowed  against  the  self -employment  in- 
come for  purpose  of  computing  the  self -employment  tax 
at  3  percent. 

Tax  withheld  is  the  income  tax  withheld  at  source  on 
wages  together  with  the  over  withholding  of  social  se- 
curity employee  tax.  The  amount  of  income  tax  to  be 
witliheld  by  employers  was  stated  in  wage  bracket  with- 
holding tables  or  was  determined  by  applying  the  pre- 


30 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


scribed  18  percent  withholding  tax  rate  to  the  amount  of 
wages  in  excess  of  withholding  exemptions.  Tlie  over 
withheld  social  security  tax,  that  is,  the  excess  over  the 
maximum  tax  of  $72,  occurred  because  the  employer  re- 
ceived wages  from  more  than  one  employer. 

Payments  on  1954  declaration  of  estimated  income 
tax  were  reported  on  returns.  Form  1040  only.  These 
payments,  made  on  account  of  the  1954  Declaration  of 
Estimated  Income  Tax,  Form  1040-ES,  also  included 
any  credit  which  was  applied  against  the  estimated  tax 
for  1954  by  reason  of  an  overpayment  of  the  1953  tax 
liability. 

Tax  due  at  time  of  filing  is  the  amount  of  tax  that  re- 
mained after  the  tax  withheld  and  payments  on  1954 


declaration  had  been  applied  against  the  total  tax  liabil- 
ity for  the  year  which  included  both  the  self-employ- 
ment tax  and  the  income  tax  liability  after  credits. 

Overpayment  of  tax  occurred  when  the  tax  withheld 
and  payments  on  1954  declaration  exceeded  the  com- 
bined self-employment  tax  and  income  tax  liability  after 
credits.  Overpayment  of  tax  gave  rise  to  a  refund  or 
to  a  credit  on  the  subsequent  year's  estimated  income 
tax. 

Refund  of  tax  overpayment  is  the  amount  indicated  by 
the  taxpayers  who  requested  a  refund. 

Credit  on  1955  tax  is  the  amount  of  1954  tax  overpay- 
ment which  the  taxpayers  specified  be  credited  on  1955 
estimated  income  tax. 


BASIC  TABLES 
INDIVIDUAL  RETURNS,  1954 

Page 

1.  Number  of  returns,  adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  income,  and 

income  tax,  by  ad j  usted  gross  income  classes  and  classes  cumulated .         33 

2.  Sources  of  income  and  loss  and  nonbusiness  deductions,  by  returns 

with  standard  or  itemized  deductions 34 

3.  Sources  of  income  and  loss  and  nonbusiness  deductions,  by  adjusted 

gross  income  classes 35 

4.  Sources  of  income  and  loss,  exemptions,  and  tax  items — all  returns, 

joint  returns,  and  other  returns,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes.         36 

5.  Itemized  nonbusiness  deductions,  exemptions,  and  tax  items,  by 

adjusted  gross  income  classes — returns  with  itemized  deductions.         48 

6.  Number  of  returns  by  size  of  source  and  by  adjusted  gross  income 

classes 50 

7.  Number  of  returns  by  size  of  nonbusiness  deduction  and  by  adjusted 

gross  income  classes 55 

8.  Taxable  income,  tax  credits,  and  income  tax,  by  taxable  income 

classes  for  applicable  tax  rates 56 

9.  Adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  income,  income  tax,  average  tax, 

and  effective  tax  rate,  by  types  of  income  tax  and  by  adjusted 
gross  income  classes 58 

10.  Adjusted  gross  income,  exemptions,  taxable  income,  and  income  tax, 

by  marital  status  of  taxpayer,  by  returns  with  standard  or  item- 
ized deductions,  and  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 59 

11.  Exemptions  by  marital  status  of  taxpayer  and  by  adjusted  gross 

income  classes 65 

12.  Capital  gains  and  losses,  short-  and  long-term,   and   capital  loss 

carryover,  by  adj  usted  gross  income  classes 69 

13.  Selected  sources  of  income  by  States  and  Territories 71 

14.  Adjusted  gross  income  and  income  tax,  by  States  and  Territories 

and  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 72 

15.  Returns  with  self-employment  tax — adjusted  gross  income  and  self- 

employment  tax,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 75 

16.  Returns  with  self-employment  tax — adjusted  gross  income  and  self- 

employment  tax,  by  States  and  Territories 76 


31 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


33 


Table  1.— NUMBER  OF  RETURNS,  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME,  TAXABLE  INCOME,  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES  AND  CLASSES  CUMULATED 


Adjusted  gross  Income  classes  and  classes  cumulated 


Percent  of 
total 


Adjusted  gross  income 


Amount 
(  Thouaand 

dollMf) 


Percent  of 
total 


Taxable  income 


Amount 

( Thousand 
dollars) 


Percent  of 
total 


Income  tax  liability 
after  credits 


Amount 
(  Thousand 
dollars) 


Percent  of 
total 


(1) 


(2) 


(3) 


M 


(5) 


(6) 


(7) 


ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income. 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $3,500 

$3,500  under  $4,000 

$i,000  under  $4,500 

$4,500  under  $5,000 


taxable  and  nontaxable; 


$5,000  under  $6,000 

$6,000  under  $7,000 

$7,000  under  $8,000 

$8,000  under  $9,000 

$9,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000... 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income,  nontaxable. 
Grand  total 


CUMULATED  FROM  LOWEST  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASS 

Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  and  nontaxable: 

Under  $600 

Under  $1 ,000 

Under  $1 ,500 

Under  $2 ,000 

Under  $2 ,  50O 

Under  $3,000 

Under  $3,500 

Under  $4,000 

Under  $4,500 

Under  $5,000 

Under  $6,000 

Under  $7,000 

Under  $8,000 

Under  $9,000 

Under  $10,000 

Under  $15,000 

Under  $20,000 

Under  $30,000 

Under  $50,000 

Under  $100,000 

Under  $150,000 

Under  $200,000 

Under  $500,000 

Under  $1,000,000 

All  returns 


Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income,   nontaxable. 
Total  returns 


$50,000  or  more. 
$30,000  or  more. 
$20,000  or  more. 
$15,000  or  irore. 
$10,000  or  more. 

$9,000  or  more.. 
$8,000  or  more.. 
$7,000  or  more.. 
$6,000  or  more.. 
$5,000  or  more.. 

$4,500  or  nore.. 
$4,000  or  more.. 
$3,500  or  more.. 
$3,000  or  more.. 
$2,500  or  more.. 

$2,000  or  more.. 
$1,500  or  more.. 
$1,000  or  more. . 
$600  or  more .... 
All  returns.. . . . 


Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income,  nontaxable. 
Total  returns 


3,939,817 
3,180,541 
4,520,595 
4,206,678 
4,311,673 

4,484,779 
4,607,975 
4,548,399 
4,202,754 
3,708,206 

5,189,199 
3,352,077 
2,016,601 
1,187,245 
721,146 

1,217,149 

368,907 

291,858 

161,995 

70,400 

11,628 

3,197 

3,245 

439 

201 


56,306,704 


56,747,008 


3,939,817 
7,120,358 
11,640,953 
15,847,631 
20,159,3(X 

24,644,083 
29,252,053 
33,800,457 
38,003,211 
41,711,417 

46,900,616 
50,252,693 
52,269,294 
53,456,539 
54,177,685 

55,394,834 
55,763,741 
56,055,599 
56,217,594 
56,287,994 

56,299,622 
56,302,819 
56,306,064 
56,306,503 
56,306,704 


440,304 


CUMUUTED  FROM  HIGHEST  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASS 

Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income,  taxable  and  nontaxable: 

$1,000,000  or  more 

$500,000  or  more 

$200,000  or  more 

$150,000  or  more 

$100,000  or  more 


56,747,008 


201 

640 

3,885 

7,082 

18,710 

89,110 

251,105 

542,963 

911,870 

2,129,019 

2,850,165 
4,037,410 
6,054,011 
9,406,088 
14,595,287 

18,303,493 
22,506,247 
27,054,646 
31,662,621 
36,147,400 

40,459,073 
44,665,751 
49,186,346 
52,366,887 
56,306,70i 


440,304 


7.0 
5.6 
3.0 
7.5 
7.7 

8.0 
8.2 
8.1 


9.2 
6.0 
3.6 
2.1 

1.3 

2.2 

0.7 
0.5 
0.3 
0.1 


1,294,816 
2,542,668 
5,630,728 
7,357,621 
9,703,996 

12,304,840 
14,979,298 
17,062,187 
17,849,574 
17,586,011 

28,346,771 
21,656,934 
15,025,572 
10,036,658 
6,312,309 

14,410,918 
6,323,542 
7,023,496 
6,071,673 
4,656,424 

1,391,103 

547,816 
919,072 
294,745 
406, 533 


0.6 
1.1 
2.4 
3.2 
4.2 

5.3 

6.5 
7.4 
7.8 
7.6 

12.3 
9.4 
6.5 
4.4 
3.0 

6.3 

2.7 
3.1 
2.6 
2.0 

0.6 
0.2 
0.4 
0.1 
0.2 


188,587 
1,072,631 
1,748, 6U 
2,915,272 

4,125,877 
5,606,880 
6,699,017 
7,409,011 
7,759,499 

13,786,654 
11,821,063 
8,945,178 
6,324,419 
4,479,948 

10,097,287 
4,809,174 
5,611,824 
5,052,815 
3,946,903 

1,170,329 
452,603 
740,497 
234,354 
332,335 


0.2 
0.9 
1.5 
2.5 

3.6 

4.9 
5.8 
6.4 
6.7 

12.0 
10.2 
7.8 


3.8 
4.2 
4.9 
4.4 
3.4 

1.0 
0.4 
0.6 
0.2 
0.3 


37,643 
213,519 
344,635 
575,180 

817,847 
1,120,604 
1,346,691 
1,489,975 
1,559,856 

2,770,109 
2,385,403 
1,820,597 
1,301,277 
932,992 

2,135,166 
1,145,589 
1,521,883 
1,683,981 

1,708,710 

614,555 
257,014 
455,363 
154,785 
222,374 


230,235,855 

'1,014,480 


115,331,301 


26,665,753 


^229,221,375 


115,331,301 


26.665,753 


7.0 
12.6 
20.7 
28.1 
35.8 

43.8 
52.0 
60.0 
67.5 
74.1 

83.3 
89.2 
92.3 
94.9 
96.2 

98.4 
99.0 
99.6 
99.8 
99.9 

99.9 
99.9 
99.9 
99.9 

100.0 


1,294,816 
3,837,434 
9,468,212 
16,825,833 
26,529,829 

38,834,669 
53,813,967 
70,876,154 
88,725,728 
106,311,739 

134,658,510 
156,315,494 
171,341,066 
181,377,724 
183,190,533 


601,451 
924,993 
948,439 
020, 162 
676, 536 

067,689 
615,505 
534,577 
329,322 

235,355 


0.6 
1.7 
4.1 
7.3 

11.5 

16.9 
23.4 
30.8 
38.5 
46.2 

58.5 
67.9 
74.4 
73.8 
81.7 

88.0 
90.7 
93.8 
96.4 
98.5 

99.1 
99.3 
99.7 
99.3 
100.0 


188,587 
1,261,218 
3,009,832 
5,925,104 

10,050,931 
15,657,861 
22,356,908 
29,765,919 
37,525,418 

51,312,072 
63,133,135 
72,073,313 
78,402,732 
82,882,680 

92,979,967 
97,789, Ul 
103,400,965 
108,453,730 
112,400,683 

113,571,012 
114,023,615 
114,764,112 
114,993,966 
115,331,301 


0.2 
1.1 
2.6 

5.1 

8.7 
13.6 
19.4 
25.3 
32.5 

44.5 
54.7 
62.5 
68.0 
71.9 

30.6 
34.3 
89.7 
94.0 
97.5 

98.5 
98.9 
99.5 
99.7 
100.0 


37,648 

251,167 

595,302 

1,170,932 

1,988,829 
3,109,433 
4,456,124 
5,946,099 
7,505,955 

10,276,064 
12,661,467 
14,482,064 
15,733,341 
16,716,333 

18,901,499 
20,047,083 
21,568,971 
23,252,952 
24,961,662 

25,576,217 
25,833,231 
26,238,594 
26,443,379 
26,665,753 


■'1,014,480 


'229,221,375 


115,331,301 


26,665,753 


0.2 

0.4 
1.0 
1.6 
3.8 

5.1 
7.2 
10.8 
16.7 
25.9 

32.5 
40.0 
48.0 
56.2 
64.2 

71.9 
79.3 
87.4 
93.0 
100.0 


406, 533 

701,278 

1,620,350 

2,168,166 

3,559,269 

3,215,693 
14,287,366 
21,310,862 
27,634,401 
42,045,322 

48,858,131 
58,894,789 
73,920,361 
95,577,345 
123,924,116 

141,510,127 
159,359,701 
176,421,383 
191,401,136 
203,706,026 

2U,410,022 
220,767,643 
226,398,371 
228,941,039 
230,235,855 


0.2 
0.3 
0.7 
0.9 
1.5 

3.6 
6.2 
9.3 
12.0 
18.3 

21.2 
25.6 
32.1 
41.5 
53.8 

61.5 
69.2 
76.6 
83.1 
88.5 

92.7 
95.9 
93.3 
99.4 
100.0 


332,335 

567,189 

1,307,686 

1,760,289 

2,930,618 

6,377,521 
11,930,336 
17,542,160 
22,351,334 
32,448,621 

36,928,569 
43,252,988 
52,198,166 
64,019,229 
77,305,883 

85,565,382 
92,974,393 
99,673,440 
105,280,320 
109,406,197 

112,321,469 

114,070,083 
115,142,714 
115,331,301 
115,331,301 


0.3 
0.5 
1.1 
1.5 
2.5 

6.0 
10.3 
15.2 
19.4 
28.1 

32.0 
37.5 
45.3 
55.5 
67.5 

74.2 
80.6 
86.4 
91.3 
94.9 

97.4 
98.9 
99.8 
100.0 
100.0 


222,374 

377, 159 

832, 522 

1,089,536 

1,704,091 

3,412,801 
5,096,782 
6,618,665 
7,764,254 
9,949,420 

10,332,412 
12,133,689 
14,004,286 
16,339,639 
19,159,798 

20,719,654 
22,209,629 
23,556,320 
24,676,924 
25,494,771 

26,069,951 
26,414,586 
26,628,105 
26,665,753 
26,665,753 


'1,014,480 


1^229,221,375  | 


115,331,301 


See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 

^Less  than  0.05  percent. 

'Adjusted  gross  deficit. 

■'Adjusted  gross  income  less  adjusted  gross  deficit. 


34 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Table  2 SOURCES  OF  INCOME  AND  LOSS  *ND  NONBUSMESS  DEDUCTIONS.  BY  RETURNS  WITH  STANDARD  OR  ITEMIZED  DEDUCTIONS 


20 
21 
22 
23 

24 
25 
26 


Sources: 

Salaries  and  wages  (after  exclusions). 

Dividends   (after  exclusions) 

Interest  received 


Business  or  profession: 

Net  profit 

Net  loss 


Partnership: 
Net  profit. 
Net  loss.. . 


Net  operating  loss  deduction. 

Sales  of  capital  assets; 

Net  gain 

Net  loss 


Sales  of  property  other  than  capital  assets; 

Net  gain 

Net  loss 


Annuities  and  pensions. 

Rents  and  royalties; 

Net  income 

Net  loss 


Estates  and  trusts: 

Income 

Loss 


Other  sources 

Adjusted  gross  income  or  deficit. 


Itemized  nonbusiness  deductions: 

Contributions 

Interest  paid 

Taxes 

Medical  and  dental  expenses 


Child  care 

Losses  from  fire, 
Other  deductions. 


storm,  other  casualty,  or  theft. 


Total  itemized  deductions. 


All  returns  ( taxabl'j  and 
nontaxable ) 


Number  of 
returns 


49,925,305 
3,681,007 
6,124,385 


6,320,812 
1,454,726 


1,588,046 
223,949 


2,411,  U7 
664,084 


135,062 
207,456 


3,863,618 
1,143,837 


368,806 
12,258 


5,019,713 


56,747,008 


14,565,306 
10,727,798 
14,577,343 
8,639,147 

272,737 
2,107,002 
11,507,354 


15,243,545 


(Thoutand 
dollara) 


(2) 


185,952,623 
7,047,866 
2,370,230 


19,234,612 

2,308,809 


9,001,043 
478,242 


3,731,862 
379,446 


107,811 
199,058 

806,069 


3,536,292 
429,542 


685,140 
5,300 


'229,221,375 


3,892,547 
3,201,542 
4,085,362 
2,975,448 

88,714 

444,300 

2,731,267 


Returns  with  standard 
deduction 


Number  of 
returns 


(3) 


36,304,499 
1,915,025 
3,533,688 


4,766,078 
753,186 


975,539 
94,978 


1,340,293 
304,181 


77,337 
87,844 


2,163,521 
534,497 


172,787 
5,482 


3,134,372 


(Thouiand 
dollars} 


(4) 


115,401,617 
1,584,015 
1,061,124 


12,069,791 
675, 529 


3,962,516 
70,255 


1,216,824 
160,593 


56,730 
56,613 


443,262 


1,661,011 
174,149 


239,025 
1,517 


136,887,797 


Returns  with  Itemized  deductions 


Showing  adjusted 
gross   income 


Number  of 
returns 


(5) 


13,525,349 
1,736,134 
2,544,793 

1,538,100 
361,734 


601,681 
86,068 


1,009,433 
335,305 


54,641 
98,128 


288,141 


1,650,108 
578,931 


193,970 
6,752 


1,825,258 


14,555,918 
10,721,354 
14,565,630 
8,633,875 

272,237 
2,106,457 

11,504,665 


15,229,351 


Amount 
(  Thaisaattd 


(6) 


70,393,308 
5,446,885 
1,288,790 


7,143,782 
617,988 


5,011,377 
189,471 


2,397,190 
202,031 


48,151 
72,409 


1,836,905 
227,591 


444,408 
4,024 


93,348,058 


3,891,173 
3,201,287 
4,076,630 
2,971,172 

87,960 

444,245 

2,730,760 


17,403,227 


Showing  no  adjusted 
gross  income 


Number  of 
returns 


(7) 


95,457 
29,849 
45,904 


16,634 
349,806 


10,826 
47,903 


11,046 


61,371 
24,598 


3,034 
21,484 


2,575 


49,989 
30,409 


(M 
(M 


440,304 


See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 
Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large   to  warrant  showing  it  separately.      However,    this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 

'Art    llictud       (mice       innnmo      loOO       Ol^inctaH       .TT•.^.^o      Aafir^l* 


^Adjusted  gross  income  less  adjusted  gross  deficit. 
^Adjusted  gross  deficit. 


9,388 
6,444 
11,713 
5,272 

(M 
(M 
2,689 


Amount 
(Thauam^ 
dollar  a) 


(8) 


157, 697 
16,966 
20,315 


16,041 
1,015,290 


30, 150 
218,518 


86,136 


117,850 
16,821 


2,881 
70,035 


38,375 
27,802 


(M 
(M 

11,624 


■■1,014,4 


1,374 
3,255 
8,732 
4,276 


(M 


18,953 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


35 


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2,030 
1,659 
'i,587 

2,214 
1,326 
1,447 
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546 

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440 
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3,180 
4,520 
4,206 

4,311 
4,484 
9,156 
7,910 
L2,466 

1,217 

368 

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70 

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36 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


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INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


55 


Table  7.— NUMBER  OF  RETURNS  BY  SIZE  OF  NONBUSINESS  DEDUCTION  /VND  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES— RETURNS  WITH  ITEMIZED  DEDUCTIONS 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


RETURNS  «ITH  CONTRIBUTIONS  DEDUCTED 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

No  adjusted  gross  income 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 


$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $A,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000... 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total 

RETURNS  WITH  INTEREST  PAID 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

No  adjusted  gross  income 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1, 500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 


$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $i,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total 

RETURNS  WITH  TAXES  PAID 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

No  adjusted  gross  income 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 


$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000. . . 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total 

RETURNS  WITH  MEDICAL  EXPENSES  DEDUCTED 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns : 

No  adjusted  gross  income 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1, 500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 


$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000.... 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000... 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total. 


Number  of 
returns 


(1) 


9,388 
18,083 
172,833 

337,202 
547,434 
730,709 

893,494 
2,437,096 
2,880,652 
5,318,937 

561,669 

226,519 
212,877 
135,953 
64,449 

11,113 

3,111 

3,159 

429 

199 


6,444 

8,052 

51,297 

131,813 

227,102 

352,830 

514,386 
1,695,683 
2,300,186 
4,565,036 

437,650 

159,703 

141,505 

85,562 

39,259 

6,828 

1,957 

2,087 

279 

134 


11,713 
15,075 
166,947 
325,305 
533,930 
728,100 

890,074 
2,444,351 
2,897,022 
5,345,173 

562,313 
226,557 
212,783 
135,674 
64,372 

11,074 

3,035 

3,165 

425 

195 


14,577,343 


5,272 
10,553 
121,004 
240,176 
339,302 
513,312 

611,633 
1,601,379 
1,309,381 
2,878,048 

247,052 
80,736 
65,808 
36,487 
17,623 

3,413 

1,050 

1,126 

163 

74 


Number  of  returns  by  size  of  deduction 


Under 
$100 


4,607 
10,614 
124,017 

188, ail 
264,879 
305,918 

351,936 

837,183 

957, too 

1,296,725 

52,935 

14,060 
9,199 
4,160 
1,136 

114 
30 
29 


4,424,037 


3,557 

29,654 

73,332 

133,160 

179,541 

241,265 
638,696 
617,442 
735,143 

42,648 
18,332 
16,240 
11,573 
4,990 

322 
200 
180 
19 

11 


2,747,830 


2,599 
6,518 
116,561 
185,315 
322,622 
384,862 

400,175 
734,974 
432,556 
367,537 

11,620 

2,377 

2,333 

1,052 

341 

66 
19 


:,  639, 147 


(') 
4,064 
44,637 
78,802 
96,391 
112,832 

128,975 
321,656 
360,383 
570,732 

30,674 

3,461 

5,411 

2,797 

900 

143 

y, 

30 


$100 
under 

$200 


2,572 
3,970 
37,254 
117,168 
191,509 
223,521 

269,667 

737,630 

816,958 

1,407,944 

92,922 

25,806 

19,123 

8,233 

2,211 

174 

37 

45 

3 


3,956,750 


l') 
(') 
9,540 
31,233 
42,889 
90,916 

115,089 
390,733 
475,541 
693,960 

43,772 

15,202 

14,562 

7,196 

3,125 

376 
126 
104 


1,937,423 


2,  MO 
4,999 
32,266 
84,060 
124,369 
202,895 

284,113 

918,163 

1,071,047 

1,172,726 

32,366 

6,788 

4,696 

1,790 

574 

87 

13 
9 
1 
1 


1,768,502 


(M 

4,016 

32,163 

59,760 

106,965 

132,120 

154,039 
386,431 
444,946 
638,626 

39,483 

11,189 

6,404 

2,945 

1,293 

217 
47 
54 

10 


$200 

under 

$300 


(4) 


9,528 
24,175 
64,310 
142,890 

166,463 
419,764 
469,530 

944,815 

92,044 

28,856 

20,109 

8,378 

2,597 

263 

46 
36 


(') 
(') 
5,568 
10,602 
18,720 
39,399 

74,931 
274,972 
427,527 
766,384 

45,704 

15,427 

11, 502 

6,290 

2,578 

330 
77 
91 
10 


1,703,239 


CM 

(M 

13,563 
35,749 
49,585 

83,764 

134,975 

482,330 

339,755 

-,575,634 

58, 130 
14,060 
7,741 
2,947 
733 

105 

21 

19 

2 

1 


3,302,807 


(M 

(M 

17,007 

40,203 

69,846 

96,556 

112,026 
305,290 
347,605 
511,297 

34,332 
9,528 
7,571 
3,308 
1,264 

212 

71 

80 

7 

3 


$300 

under 

$400 


(M 
'M 

4,934 
16,660 
31,150 

57,745 
266,300 
300,326 
642,623 

79,354 
23,131 
22,376 
10,015 
2,847 

270 
39 
36 

1 


1,466,403 


CM 
(M 

3,000 
9,608 
15,603 
19,751 

37,682 
207,753 
377,475 
383,670 

58,110 

16,703 

13,097 

6,939 

2,402 

348 
94 
59 

5 
3 


1,658,415 


CM 
CM 
3,017 
10,126 
21,744 
32,853 

43,411 
170,252 
342,350 
,223,604 

81,985 

16,344 

10,043 

3,921 

1,084 

lis 

28 

17 

3 

1 


CM 
CM 

9,574 
27,636 
46,719 
73,225 

82,316 
194,655 
232,124 
366,672 

26,418 
7,622 
6,091 
2,900 
1,282 

245 

62 

57 

6 


$400 

under 

$500 


(6) 


CM 
CM 
CM 
(M 
6,031 
19,098 

22,149 
99,430 
197,655 
377,426 

61,403 
23,982 
21,519 
9,763 
2,782 

319 
53 
33 


844,246 


CM 
CM 

CM 
CM 

9,602 
10,126 

24,740 
100,209 
215,351 
674,644 

61,366 
18,397 
12,233 
7,346 
2,727 

243 

74 

72 

7 

3 


1,141,719 


CM 
(M 

4,021 
8,059 
15,098 

17,241 

56,137 

108,266 

582,782 

93,343 

22,269 

13,143 

4,954 

1,414 

143 
33 
26 

3 
2 


933,507 


CM 
(M 
6,542 
13,693 
19,648 
31,676 

39,837 
129,722 
156,575 
255,261 

21,270 
6,255 
6,112 
2,535 
1,068 

263 
64 


$500 

under 

$1,000 


17) 


CM 

CM 
CM 

3,995 
8,108 

25,529 

74,272 

134,071 

596,762 

132,094 
69,059 
66,527 
38,929 
13,066 

1,202 
227 
164 


CM 
CM 

5,017 
7,119 
11,097 

19,679 

76,712 

179,231 

760,553 

152,975 

53,932 

44,913 

22,243 

3,119 

1,249 

286 

256 

26 


(M 
CM 
CM 

5,034 
6,551 
7,623 

9,142 

29,427 

50,986 

400,464 

244,151 

114,766 

82,465 

34,306 

8,863 

831 

172 

123 

18 

1 


2,021,247     1,557,239      1,078,151  691,621      1,113,455 


CM 
CM 

8,518 
13,437 
31,179 
55,350 

69,769 
214,260 
213,179 
406,095 

53,734 
17,477 
14,776 
8,558 
4,333 

705 

236 

232 

29 


$1,000 
under 
$1,500 


CM 
CM 


(M 

(M   ' 

3,512 

45,533 

33,867 
20,606 
26,215 
22,441 
9,323 

1,092 
227 
137 
19 


166,018 


CM 


(M 
(M 

5,574 
6,085 
36,429 

22,559 
13,498 
14,972 
10,279 
4,382 

716 

188 

200 

24 


CM 


(M 
(M 
CM 

CM 
CM 
(M 

15,744 

26,633 
37,502 
57,065 
32,135 
10, 513 

972 

216 

153 

10 

7 


(M 

IM 
(M 

9,525 
9,491 

14,625 
23,635 
33,778 
62,630 

13,864 
7,389 
6,329 
3,320 
1,773 

381 

117 

126 

17 

10 


196,109 


$1,500 
under 
$2,000 


$2,000 

under 

$2,500 


C9) 


CM 
4,579 

10,530 
8,351 
11,394 
11,365 
6,606 

322 
193 
144 
11 


CM 
CM 
CM 

4,633 

6,210 
4,284 
5,703 
4,611 
2,640 

477 
137 
131 


CM 


CM 
CM 
CM 

4,965 
7,922 
21,991 
22,415 
8,533 

973 

173 

139 

18 

10 


(M 
(M 
CM 

4,023 
3,978 

3,995 
12,035 
10,109 
25,787 

7,931 
4,595 
3,517 
2,452 
1,023 

240 
85 
78 


(10) 


CM 

3,607 
3,537 
6,037 
6,479 
5,245 

754 
159 

94 
10 


(M 
CM  ' 

3,085 

1,789 
1,383 
2,790 
2,673 

1,790 

300 
93 


CM 


(M 

2,067 

2,452 

7,773 
13,824 
6,850 

815 

158 

130 

16 


36,-195 


CM 


CM 
cM 
CM 

3,017 
7,029 
7,143 
15,612 

5,155 
2,102 
2,337 
1,573 
739 

196 
46 


$2,500 
under 
$3,000 


111) 


(M 

1,222 

1,783 

3,304 

3,682 

3,263 

677 

123 

100 

9 

3 


15,179 


IM 


CM 

929 
1,042 
1,756 
1,647 
1,297 

332 
61 
74 
13 


CM 
(M 


CM 

550 

747 

2,973 

8,709 

5,506 

669 
163 
116 
■17 


22,528 


CM 

CM 
CM 

3,01 

CM 
(M 

6,09 

CM 

13,217 

4,747 
3,054 
2,585 
1,809 
1,400 

255 

100 

120 

21 

13 


$3,000 

under 

$4,000 


1,338 
1,167 
3,599 
5,442 
4,197 

344 

241 

Ul 

9 

5 


732 

691 

1,475 

1,862 

1,603 

314 

121 

119 

11 

6 


7,438 


503 

447 

1,614 

6,113 

3,330 

1,131 
243 

235 

19 

5 


19,145 


c 
c 
(' 

6,551 

2,282 
1,495 
1,337 
1,222 
785 

144 
45 
60 


$4,000 

under 

$5,000 


$5,000 

under 

$10,000 


(13) 


303 

890 

1,377 

2,285 

2,352 

623 

174 

125 


(M 


CM 


543 
327 
808 
901 
919 

231 
82 
87 
13 


CM 


261 

239 

462 

2,019 

4,917 

1,071 
211 

196 


CM 
(M' 


CM 
CM  " 

953 
722 
991 
1,151 
477 

101 
33 
43 


291 
1,598 

4,107 
5,111 

1,557 

478 

397 

32 

17 


13,588 


CM 


239 

408 

1,147 

1,522 

1,777 

570 
187 
223 

40 
10 


CM 


(M 

185 

120 

479 

1,199 

5,655 

3,337 

929 

664 

50 

10 


13,643 


CM 


CM 


3,017 

1,180 
397 
1,700 
1,321 
1,167 

290 

104 

134 

20 

10 


8,571  10,381 


See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 
^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.  However,  this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 


56 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


-TAXABLE  INCOME,  TAX  CREDITS,  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BV  TAXABLE  INCOME  CLASSES  FOR  APPLICABLE  TAX  RATES 

PART   I JOINT  RETURNS  AND  RETimNS  OF  SURVIVIIC  SPOUSE 


— 

Taxable  income  classes 

Number  of 
returns 
with 
taxable 
income 

Taxable 
income 

(ThouaBnd 
dollaraj 

Total  of 

the  5  tax 

credits 

(Thausand 
dollars) 

Dividends  recrived  credit 

Retirement  income  credit 

Income  tax  liability  after  credits 

r^ 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount 

CTTiouj.nrf 
dollars) 

Humber  of 
returns 

Amount 

(Thousartd 
dollars) 

Normal  tax  and  sm-t.jx 

Alternative  tax 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount 

(Thousand 
dollars) 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount 
f  Thousand 
dollar  a) 

Taxable  returns: 

ll) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

(10) 

(11) 

20,653,492 

4,550,699 

680,064 

259,616 

142,310 

87,830 
56,890 
39,633 
27,760 
20,555 

16,159 
21,554 
19,070 
10,355 
6,005 

3, 931 
3,865 
2,244 
1,258 
809 

571 

1,202 

364 

490 

36,585,333 
24,300,529 
5,524,603 
3,575,927 
2,536,840 

1,919,341 

1,471,633 

1,182,355 

940,843 

780,125 

677,049 

1,028,256 

1,095,703 

719,415 

489,461 

372,847 
420,911 
289, 145 
187,660 
137,051 

108,316 
286,359 
124,073 

337,569 

18,044 
14,88? 
9,725 
7,260 
5,975 

4,887 
4,090 
3,378 
3,073 
3,007 

2,562 
4,273 
5,048 
3,639 
4,041 

2,350 
2,732 
2,311 
1,653 
1,361 

991 
2,876 
1,195 

3,371 

484,160 
479,035 
221,446 
120,617 
73,396 

51,063 
34,944 
26,238 
16,841 
14,649 

11,907 
16,621 
14,684 
6,404 
5,085 

3,377 
3,402 
1,957 
1,125 
724 

507 

1,104 

326 

444 

5,676 
8,870 
6,801 
5,818 

4,517 

4,107 
3,366 
2,898 
2,643 

2,158 

2,151 
3,607 
3,957 
3,179 
2,504 

1,956 
2,339 
1,503 
1,2U 
937 

799 
2,232 

667 
2,722 

84,552 
28,550 
10,549 
4,848 
2,901 

2,311 

1,779 

1,072 

928 

786 

486 
766 
695 
452 
323 

195 
•  195 

148 
93 
65 

34 

90 
33 
55 

11, 579 

5,397 

2,184 

978 

727 

422 
403 

164 
169 
128 

105 
159 
143 
94 
64 

37 
40 
30 
16 
12 

3 
20 

5 
13 

20,653,492 

4,550,699 

630,064 

259,516 

142,258 

87,809 
56,761 
39,435 
27,294 
13, 167 

9,791 
11,705 
9,248 
4,294 
2,407 

1,373 

1,272 

651 

329 

171 

138 

213 

58 

69 

7,299,805 

4,966,290 

1,414,859 

837,470 

640,152 

520,676 
427,474 
366,860 
306,311 
174,646 

150,851 
219,270 
227,852 
137,549 
95,339 

65,555 
75,916 
48,342 

29,609 
18,130 

17,111 
35,023 
14,375 
43,577 

8,254 

6,363 
9,849 
9,822 
6,061 
3,598 

2,508 

2,593 

1,593 

929 

638 

433 
989 
306 
421 

107,420 

97,747 
182,544 
235,519 
133,330 
138,078 

119,770 
144,692 
108,632 
76,024 
60,300 

47,471 
138,529 

62,983 
199,320 

1 

2 

3 

4 
5 

6 
7 
8 
9 

10 

11 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

21 
22 
23 
24 

Over  $4,000  not  over  $8,000 

Over  $8,000  not  over  $12,000 

Over  $12,000  not  over  $16,000 

Over  $16,000  not  over  $20,000 

Over  $20,000  not  over  $24,000 

Over  $24,000  not  over  $28,000 

Over  $28,000  not  over  $32,000 

Over  $32,000  not  over  $36,000 

Over  $36,000  not  over  $40,000 

Over  $40,000  not  over  $44,000; 

Over  $44,000  not  over  $52,000 

Over  $52,000  not  over  $64,000 

Over  $64,000  not  over  $76,000 

Over  $76,000  not  over  $38,000 

Over  $88,000  not  over  $100,000 

Over  $100,000  not  over  $120,000 

Over  $120,000  not  over  $140,000 

Over  $140,000  not  over  $160,000 

Over  $160,000  not  over  $180,000 

Over  $180,000  not  over  $200,000 

Over  $200,000  not  over  $300,000 

Over  $300,000  not  over  $400,000 

Over  $400,000 

2 

3 
4 
5 

6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

U 
12 

13 
14 
15 

16 
17 
16 
19 
20 

21 
22 
23 

24 

Ti 

26,606,776 

86, 143, 559 

113,079 

1, 594, 103 

76,968 

141,909 

22,917 

25,552,314 

18,134,092 

54,462 

1,908,114 

?5 

Nontaxable  returns: 

Not  over  $4,000 

Over  $4,000  not  over  $8,000 

Over  $8,000  not  over  $12,000 

Over  $12,000  not  over  $16,000 

Over  $16,000  not  over  $20,000 

Over  $20,000 

26 

27 
28 
29 
30 
11 

60,282 
130 
27 
75 
24 
33 

36,334 
367 
245 

1,072 
435 

1,393 

8,275 
180 
53 
256 
111 
561 

24,351 

51 

71 
24 
U 

656 
6 

1 

12 

55,306 
94 
24 
71 

24 
18 

7,469 
121 
46 
244 
111 
222 

- 

- 

- 

- 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 

Total  nontaxable  returns 

Grand  total 

32 

60,571 

40,346 

9,437 

24,511 

675 

55,537 

3,213 

- 

- 

- 

- 

32 

33 

26,567,347 

86,183,905 

122,516 

1,613,619 

77,543 

197,446 

31,130 

26,552,314 

18,134,092 

54,462 

1,906,114 

33 

PART  II SEPARATE  RETURNS  OF  HUSBANDS  AND  WIVES  AND  OF  SINGLE  PERSONS  NOT  HEAD  OF  HOUSEHOLD  OR  SURVIVING  SPOUSE 


Taxable  income  classes 

Number  of 
returns 
»ith 
taxable 
income 

Taxable 
income 

(Thouaand 
dollars) 

Total  of 
the   5  tax 
credits 

f  Thousand 
dollars) 

Dividends  received  credit 

Retirement    income   credit 

Income  tax  liability  after  creaits 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount 

(Thouaand 
dollara) 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount 

(Thouaand 
dollars) 

Normal  tax  and  surtax 

Alternative  tax 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount 
(Thousand 
dollars) 

Number  of 
returns 

Amount 
(Thouaand 
dollars) 

Taxable  returns: 

Not  over  $2,000 

Over  $2,000  not  over  $-,000 

Over  $4,000  not  over  $f,000 

Over  $6,000  not  over  $8,000 

Over  $8,000  not  over  $10,000 

Over  $10,000  not  over  $12,000 

Over  $12,000  not  over  $14,000 

Over  $14,000  not  over  $16,000 

Over  $16,000  not  over  $13,000 

Over  $18,000  not  over  $20,000 

Over  $20,000  not  over  $22,000 

Over  $22,000  not  over  $26,000 

Over  $26,000  not  over  $32,000 

Over  $32,000  not  over  $38,000 

Over  $38,000  not  over  $44,000 

Over  $44,000  not  over  $50,000 ." 

Over  $50,000  not  over  $60,000 

Over  $60,000  not  over  $70,000 

Over  $70,000  not  over  $80,000 

Over  $30,000  not  over  $90,000 

Over  $90,000  not  over  $100,000 

Over  $100,000  not  over  $150,000 

Over  $150,000  not  over  $200,000 

Over  $200,000 

(1) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

l6) 

(7) 

(8) 

19) 

(10) 

(11) 

1 

2 

3 
4 

5 

6 

7 

6 

9 

10 

11 

12 
13 

14 
15 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

21 
22 

23 

?4 

10,289,364 

3,970,670 

558,529 

U9,755 

45,124 

■       29,607 
17,954 
12,319 
9,533 
7,296 
5,043 
7,462 
7,459 
3,956 
2,311 

1,751 

2,091 

1,296 

714 

574 

483 
828 
291 

477 

9,261,644 

10,889,328 

2,647,968 

814,502 

411,297 

325,527 
232,070 
184,348 
163,136 
U6,289 

125,533 
177,395 
2U,485 
137,024 
94,252 

81,953 
114,031 
33,530 
53, 297 
48,655 

46,410 
99,639 
49,846 
218,606 

12,175 

10,415 

5,874 

4,122 

3,131 

2,511 
2,012 
1,518 
1,475 
1,397 

1,073 
1,992 
2,549 
1,495 
1,122 

982 

1,458 

1,019 

712 

706 

614 
1,366 

324 
4,299 

252,192 

204,498 

126,754 

50,871 

27,206 

19,106 
12,779 
8,782 
7,681 
5,547 

4,767 
6,005 
6,431 
3,397 
1,937 

1,587 

1,875 

1,199 

545 

533 

414 
781 
271 

445 

2,613 
3,779 
3,435 
2,238 
1,853 

1,720 
1,346 
1,041 
1,187 
1,052 

632 
1,511 
1,979 
1,123 

846 

769 
1,063 
850 
541 
552 

459 
1,074 

549 
3,140 

65,713 
32,953 
15,134 
8,848 
5,718 

4,377 
2,730 
1,961 
1,374 
1,323 

1,003 

1,791 

1,705 

777 

465 

433 
492 
353 
192 

165 

172 
254 
87 

105 

9,498 
6,391 
3,411 
1,317 
1,162 

770 
550 
399 
251 
253 

213 
329 
326 
139 
32 

75 
121 
69 
40 
33 

39 

44 
17 

21 

10,289,384 

3,970,570 

558,529 

119,755 

46,124 

29,807 
17,954 
12,319 
9,538 
5,420 

4,484 
4,693 
4,583 

2,071 
1,110 

653 
899 
581 
232 
233 

130 
246 
92 

147 

1,633,203 

2,219,516 

557,906 

185, 154 

100,  597 

86,154 
65,729 
56,182 
52,750 
34,953 
33,861 
42,632 
56,394 
32,276 
21,843 

20,240 
26,099 
21,330 
10,443 
12,288 

7,924 
20,453 

11,579 

70,597 

1,376 

1,557 
2,771 
2,776 
1,885 
1,201 

896 

1,192 

715 

432 

341 

358 
582 
199 

330 

12,247 

11,552 
25,166 
32,395 
28,436 
22,659 

20,236 
32,390 
24,380 
19,693 
16,455 

20,249 
42,867 
21,253 
126,245 

1 

2 
3 
4 

5 

6 
7 
6 
9 
10 

11 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 
18 
19 
20 

21 
22 
23 
24 

15,097,217 

26,634,130 

65,942 

745,704 

35,567 

148,146 

25,076 

15,030,054 

5,590,128 

17,163 

450,835 

Nontaxable  returns: 

Not  over  $2,000 

?6 

116,961 
(') 

24 

61,139 
(') 

340 

12,565 

(M 

105 

47,087 

531 

115,401 

(M 

24 

12,020 
105 

- 

- 

- 

- 

26 

28 
29 
30 

31 

Over  $4,000  not  over  $6,000 

Over  $6,000  not  over  $8,000 

Over  $3,000  not  over  $10,000 

Over  $10,000 

26 
29 
30 

31 

Total  nontaxable  returns 

32 

117,485 

62,810 

12,944 

47,037 

531 

115,925 

12, 398 

- 

- 

- 

- 

32 

33 

15,214,702 

26,596,940 

73,336 

792,791 

36,093 

264,071 

38,474 

15,030,054 

5,590,128 

17,163 

456,836 

33 

See  footnotes  at  end  of  table.     See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and   "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


57 


Table  8.-T4X*BLE  INCOME,  TAX  CREDITS,  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BY  TAXABLE  INCOME  CLASSES  FOR  APPLICABLE  TAX  RATES-Conlinued 

PART   III RETURIIS   OF  HEADS  OF  HOUSEHOLD  


Taxable  income  classes 


Taxable  returns: 

Not  over  $2,000 

Over  $2,000  not  over  $i,000 

Over  $4,000  not  over  $6,000 

Over  $6,000  not  over  $8,000 

Over  $8,000  not  over  $10,000 

Over  $10,000  not  over  $12,000.., 

Over  $12,000  not  over  $1A,000.., 

Over  $14,000  not  over  $16,000... 

0\'er  $16,000  not  over  $18,000... 

Over  $18,000  not  over  $20,000... 

Over  $20,000  not  over  $22,000... 

Over  $22,000  not  over  $24,000. . 

Over  $24,000  not  over  $23,000., 

Over  $28,000  not  over  $32,000.. 

Over  $32,000  not  over  $38,000., 

Over  $38,000  not  over  $44,000.. 
Over  $44,000  not  over  $50,000.. 
Over  $50,000  not  over  $60,000.. 
Over  $60,000  not  over  $70,000.. 
Over  $70,000  not  over  $80,000.. 

Over  $80,000  not  over  $90,000.. 
Over  $90,000  not  over  $100,000. 
Over  $100,000  not  over  $150,000 
Over  $150,000  not  over  $200,000 
Over  $200,000  not  over  $300,000 
Over  $300,000 

Total  taxable  returns.... 

Nontaxable  returns: 

Not  over  $2,000 

Over  $2,000  not  over  $4,000 

Over  $4,000  not  over  $6,000 

Over  $6,000  not  over  $8,000 

Over  $8,000  not  over  $10,000... 
0\'er  $10,000 

Total  nontaxable  returns . 
Grand  total 


Number  of 
retui-ns 

with 
taxable 
income 


(1) 


439 

373 

70 

18 


114 
,004 

602 
,092 
1,520 

,,313 
1,0^5 
1,027 
1,021 
,,272 

.,051 
.,523 
.,061 

704 
742 

528 
308 
353 
209 
158 

55 
86 
126 
41 
30 
32 


3,017 


Taxable 
income 


(Thouaand 

t*>ttTM) 


433,419 

1,031,559 

332 , 388 

124,642 

75,385 

47,405 
40,081 
30,302 
34,179 
24,185 

22,064 
34,772 
27,423 
20,855 
25,763 

21,623 
14,620 
19, 101 
13, 533 
11,841 

4,732 
8,100 

14,740 
7,160 
7,235 

21,947 


Total  of 

the  5  ta> 

credits 

( Thouaand 
dollmra) 


Dividends  received  credit 


(3) 


361 
758 
803 
455 
281 

255 
2U 
165 
387 
96 

134 
278 
156 
139 
482 

121 
92 
253 
154 
148 

44 
73 
143 
147 
105 
124 


Number  of 
returns 


(4) 


13,641 
29,835 
18,419 
8,066 
4,236 

2,438 
1,808 
1,221 
1,429 
832 

660 
1,303 
735 
546 
572 

397 
240 
281 
174 
153 

47 
81 
118 
39 
26 
29 


87,376 


2,450,456 


( Thauaand 
dotlara) 


15) 


160 
658 
394 
270 
200 

162 
147 
121 
242 
82 

108 
251 
132 
121 
153 

109 
82 
U4 
127 
132 

34 
67 
127 
83 

80 
106 


Retirement  income  credit 


Number  of 
returns 


(6) 


2,017 
1,024 
2,105 
1,422 
393 

383 
243 
194 
166 
43 

121 
75 
69 
58 

103 

60 
39 
46 
36 
49 

20 

12 

10 

6 

5 

5 


3,017 


(Thouaand 
dollara} 


3,017 


11,726 


201 
100 
409 
181 
80 

88 
53 
41 

33 

12 

24 
18 
10 
13 
18 


Income  tax  liability  after  credits 


Normal  tax  and  surtax 


Number  of 
returns 


(8) 


439,114 

373,004 

70,602 

18,092 

3,520 

4,313 
3,095 
2,027 
2,021 
1,243 

1,051 

1,470 

362 

439 

434 

198 
158 
172 
94 
51 

30 
24 
32 

11 
7 


Amount 
(Thouaand 


Number  of 
returns 


85,908 
208, 299 
69,266 
27,256 
17,442 

U,553 
10,326 
8,286 
9,954 
7,138 

6,964 
10,914 
7,743 
4,876 
6,089 

3,560 
3,472 
4,444 
3,083 
2,034 

1,433 
1,311 
2,393 
1,373 
1,274 
1,597 


Alternative  tax 


llO) 


276 
265 
308 

330 
150 
181 
115 
107 

25 
62 

94 
30 
23 


Amount 

(Thoua^id 
dollara) 


2,394 
2,849 
3,854 

5,697 
3,101 
4,436 
3,570 
4,U9 

1,U5 
3,215 
6,043 
3,053 
3,361 
U,699 


,541 


Sec  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data. 
'Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.  However,  this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 


58 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Tuble  8.— ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME,  TAXABLE  INCOME,  INCOME  TAX,  AVERAGE  TAX,  AND  EFFECTIVE  TAX  RATE,  BV  TYPES  OF  INCOME  TAX  AND  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


Number  of 

returns  with 

income  tax 


Adjusted 

gross  income 


( Thouaend 
doIlsrM) 


Taxable 
income 


(Thoaaand 
dollara) 


Income  tax 

liability 

after  credits 

(Thouamid 
dollara) 


Average 
income  tax 


Effective  tax 
rate — incoise 

tax  after 
credits  as  a 

percent  of 
taxable  IncoDE 


ALL  TAXABLE  RETURNS 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $3,500 

$3, 500  under  $4, 000 

$i,000  under  $4,500 

$4,500  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $6,000 

$6,000  under  $7,000 

$7,000  under  $8,000 

$8,000  under  $9,000 

$9,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15, 000, under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

RETURNS  WITH  NORMAL  TAX  AND  SURTAX 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1, 500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2 ,  500  under  $3 ,  000 

$3,000  under  $3,500 

$3, 500  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $4, 500 

$4, 500  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $6,000 

$6,000  under  $7,000 

$7,000  under  $8,000 

$8,000  under  $9,000 

$9,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$2O,0QO  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

RETURNS  WIIH  ALTERNATIVE  TAX 

Under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Returns  under  $5,000 

Returns  $5,000  or  more 


(1) 


(2) 


(3) 


(4) 


(5) 


1,292,988 
2,426,670 
2,431,232 
3,078,559 

3,452,029 
3,867,430 
4,057,107 
3,959,609 
3,585,645 

5,108,368 
3,331,451 
2,008,053 
1,186,721 
720,646 

1,215,482 
368,492 
291,668 
151,897 
70,332 

11,617 

3,192 

3,234 

437 

201 


1,078,798 
3,047,987 
4,237,823 
6,922,726 

9,505,225 
12,592,640 
15,219,849 
16,818,643 
17,010,192 

27,910,808 
21,524,454 
14,961,906 
10,032,034 
6,808,273 

14,390,558 
6,316,307 
7,018,963 
6,067,727 
4,651,794 

1,389,769 
546,951 
915,760 
293,111 
406,532 


188,445 
1,069,613 
1,728,796 
2,390,502 

4,107,080 
5,594,041 
6,692,852 
7,40i,211 

7,754,769 

13,732,379 

11,821,062 

3,944,484 

6,324,419 

4,479,943 

10,096,351 
4,303,176 
5,610,769 
5,052,115 
3,946,268 

1,170,329 
452,450 
740,497 
234,354 
332,333 


37,648 
213,519 
344,635 
575, 180 

817,847 
1,120,6CK 
1,346,691 
1,469,975 
1,559,856 

2,770,109 
2,385,403 
1,820,597 
1,301,277 
932,992 

2,185,166 
1,145,589 
1,521,883 
1,683,981 
1,708,710 

614,555 
257, OU 
455,363 
154,785 
222,374 


29 
88 
142 
137 

237 
290 
332 
376 
435 

542 

716 

907 

1,097 

1,295 

1,798 
3,109 
5,213 
10,402 
24,295 

52,901 

80,518 

140,805 

354,199 

1,106,338 


42,633,060 


209,668,830 


115,226,743 


625 


1,292,988 
2,426,670 
2,431,232 
3,078,559 

3,452,029 
3,867,430 
4,057,107 
3,959,609 
3,535,645 

5,108,368 
3,331,451 
2,008,053 
1,136,721 
720,646 

1,215,432 
368,464 
235,773 
143,050 
34,553 

3,900 
374 

721 

74 


1,078,798 
3,047,987 
4,237,823 
6,922,726 

9,505,225 
12,592,640 
15,219,849 
16,818,643 
17,010,192 

27,910,808 
21,524,454 
14,961,906 
10,032,034 
6,808,273 

14,390,558 
6,315,756 
6,870,670 
5,270,463 
2,227,259 

461,847 
149,163 
200,453 

50,030 
96,253 


138,445 
1,069,613 
1,728,796 
2,890,502 

4,107,080 
5, 594, (XI 
6,692,352 
7,40;, 211 
7,754,769 

13,782,379 
11,821,062 
8,94^,484 
6,324,419 
4,479,948 

10,096,351 
4,807,668 
5,482,206 
4,358,078 
1,877,893 

384,746 
120,032 
155,105 
37,833 
72,842 


37,648 
213,519 
34^,635 
575,130 

817,847 
1,120,604 
1,346,691 
1,489,975 
1,559,856 

2,770,109 
2,385,403 
1,820,597 
1,301,277 
932,992 

2,185,166 
1,145,414 
1,475,203 
1,421,960 
313,611 

210,347 
73,622 

108,947 
29,774 
61,830 


29 
88 
142 

187 

237 
290 
332 
376 
435 

542 

716 

907 

1,097 

1,295 

1,793 
3,109 
5,162 
9,940 
23,547 

53,935 
84,235 

151,106 

402,351 

1,439,062 


203,703,810 


110,175,355 


24,242,262 


570 


(') 
5,895 
18,847 

35,779 

7,717 

2,318 

2,513 

363 

158 


148,293 

797,264 

2,424,535 

927,922 
397,788 
715,307 
243,081 

310,279 


(M 

128, 563 

694,037 

2,068,375 

785, 583 
332,418 
585,392 
197,021 
259,491 


(M 

46,675 
262,021 
895,099 

40;,  208 
183,392 
346,416 
125,011 
160,494 


7,918 
13,903 
25,017 

52,379 

79,117 

137,850 

344,363 

1,015,736 


73,618 


5,051,388 


32,920 


28,151,269 
14,481,791 


86,433,883 
123,234,947 


37,430,309 
77,796,434 


7,505,955 
19,159,798 


267 
1,323 


See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"     and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data. 
^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.      However,    this  value  is  included  In  each  total. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


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676 

887 

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142 
2,867 
16,162 
19,937 

8,083 
6,579 
3,377 
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1,196 

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28,569,265 
33,379,595 

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3,230,655 
2,497,625 
3,433,344 
3,453,996 
2,776,953 

2,435,833 

1,946,995 

1,421,563 

679,974 

334,154 

197,578 
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49,039,240 
15,326,899 

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1,283,661 
1,342,152 
2,325,491 
2,734,538 
2,300,359 

2,214,915 

1,328,433 

1,345,705 

642,967 

326,341 

199,341 
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77,703,708 
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3,909,214 
1,737,870 
1,894,746 
1,552,646 
1,016,074 

820,482 
568,169 
357,991 
151,556 
69,823 

37,034 
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33,133,596 

7,906,817 

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$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

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72 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 

-ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES  AND  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 

(Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income) 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns : 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000... 
$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000... 
$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 


Number  of 
returns 


Adjusted 
gross 
income 

( Thousand 
dollars) 


Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

f  ^ouaand 

doUara) 


92,125 
143,651 
150,  372 
117,030 

85,462 

107,179 
9,773 
2,991 
2,834 
1,352 

511 

75 

14 

18 

1 

1 


50,594 
212,315 

375,050 
407,885 
380,713 

679,272 

116,171 

51,647 

67,603 

50,210 

33,776 
9,251 
2,372 
4,931 
790 
2,603 


2,445,188 


303 
6,550 
18,654 
21,098 
27,189 

72,500 
16,912 
9,176 
14, 523 
13,829 

12,852 
4,406 
1,097 
2,712 
386 
1,287 


223,474 


Colorado 


65,144 
81,888 
76,253 
84,895 
77,403 

117,012 

10,265 

3,732 

3,712 

1,438 

528 
81 
19 
16 
3 


37,069 
122,869 
187,777 
296, 64A 
348,001 

754,374 

121,536 

64,035 

88,277 

52,975 

36,535 
9,724 
3,450 
4,223 
2,050 
8,278 


449 

5,912 

12,701 

23,651 

27,840 

81,  504 
18,416 
U,560 
19,022 
14,604 

13,461 
4,563 
1,709 
1,974 
1,073 
4:244 


242,683 


Number  of 
returns 


Adjusted 
gross 
income 

( Ihouaaod 
dollars} 


Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

(Thousand 

dollara) 


36,368 
48,987 
33,043 
39,600 
43, 590 

62,633 

6,295 

1,824 

1,262 

930 

296 


21,035 
69,953 
95,066 
137,770 
197,085 

410,453 
74,806 
31,233 
30,700 
34,461 

19,106 
5,931 
1,990 
2,468 


1,016 


279,907   1,133,078 


265 

3,456 

4,971 

3,270 

14,790 

43,592 

11, 545 

5,817 

6,979 

9,375 

7,084 
2,503 
1,006 
1,530 

471 


Connecticut 


91,773 
103,808 
134,411 
155,104 
132,315 

258,942 

23,524 

7,987 

6,041 

3,686 

1,664 

326 

93 

105 


163,769 
212,754 
195,447 
130,523 
121,545 

178,739 

22,721 

7,301 

5,779 

3,224 

1,273 

205 

64 

73 


89,486 
316,023 
488,767 
627,612 
543,602 

1,177,764 

271,936 

125,946 

141,019 

120,311 

33,405 

25,037 

10,753 

20,348 

5,652 

21,448 


4,069,109 


812 
10,  550 
22,707 
39,637 
39,633 

123,101 
40,722 
23,189 
30,113 
33,654 

31,250 
10,963 

4,922 
10,  2U 

3,036 
11,741 


441,261 


lUlnols 


426,122 
468,534 
475,796 
605,176 
535,026 

978,989 
102,165 
29,376 
21,357 
13,331 

6,964 

1,039 

207 

189 

25 

5 


3,664,301 


225,705 

696,041 

1,203, U7 

2,118,426 

2,401,507 

6,532,880 

1,205,568 

505,712 

515,450 

505,955 

447,291 

124,784 

35,519 

52,262 

17,118 

9,833 


16,597,198 


2,426 

33,370 

89,906 

186,043 

232,207 

763,892 
136, 339 
92,956 
U5,658 
146,234 

165,650 

56,017 

17,713 

27,670 

9,729 

5,905 


Kentucky 


127,338 
161,710 
149,635 
U2,326 

90, 507 

134,020 
11,513 
3,759 
3,406 
2,119 

739 

95 

6 


797,131 


73,199 
241,062 
373,576 
391,343 
404,062 

867,933 

135,778 

65,505 

82,796 

76,471 

46,530 

11,447 

992 

1,833 


2,772,532 


547 
7,573 
19,035 
28,727 
31,094 

98,004 
20,611 
11,743 
17,928 
20,791 

16,834 

4,959 

433 

926 


279,260 


49,008 
155,122 
338,826 
545,402 
594,845 

1,732,964 
278,434 
137,513 
146,485 
137, 544 

1U,593 
38,850 
15,965 

31,063 
5,474 
11,825 


4,330,913 


758 

9,220 

28,636 

48,580 

56,239 

206,989 
42,286 
24,809 
31,602 
38,299 

41,930 

17,333 

3,020 

15,696 

3,024 

6,106 


579,  527 


Georgia 


120,435 
134,043 
187,665 
132,941 
93,878 

140,632 

13,791 

5,032 

4,272 

2,615 

985 

145 

25 

18 

3 


70,054 
273,252 
466,714 
459,399 
416, 598 

921,003 
164,936 

86,130 
103,233 

96,903 

63,781 
16,646 
4,287 
4,268 

2,186 


3,149,390 


507 
8,423 
18,876 
28,022 
31,945 

97,603 
25,044 
15,593 
22,170 
26, 537 
23,004 
7,563 

2,m 

2,088 
1,346 


Indiana 


175,095 
232,325 
223,640 
266,228 
228,294 

359,616 

25,263 

7,398 

6,348 

3,223 

1,120 
165 
55 
39 
2 
1 


1,528,812 


90,227 
347,866 
562,799 
935,055 
1,023,425 

2,333,364 
296,658 
127,112 
151,465 
118,442 

73,797 
20,339 
9,282 
10,858 

1,590 
1,180 


6,103,459 


817 
14,573 
40,344 
77,434 
91,853 

271,025 
46,016 
23,382 
33,724 
33,640 

28,734 

10,032 

4,756 

5,781 

839 

581 


Number  of 
returns 


Adjusted 
gross 
income 

CThousand 
dollars} 


Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

( Thousand 

dollars} 


63,485 
95,520 
82,419 
45,532 
45,091 

45,301 

4,435 

1,301 

1,789 

723 

226 

53 
3 

10 
3 
1 


390,397 


36,556 
142, 339 
205,641 
153,546 
202,389 

294,414 
52,796 
22,264 
43,922 
26,716 

15,306 
6,506 
1,300 
2,362 
2,157 
7,626 


133 

3,847 
8,234 
9,034 
14,817 

31,657 
7,995 
4,149 
9,296 
7,693 

5,673 
3,017 

570 
1,415 

904 
3,867 


21,000 
28,696 
15,908 
21,047 
16,097 

29,830 
4,073 
1,287 

1,148 
506 

375 
120 
30 
53 
23 
15 


140,208 


11, 3U 
43,866 
38,037 
73,451 
72,416 

195,713 
48,181 
22,372 
26,434 
18,346 

25,136 
14, 386 
5,155 
15, 579 
16,393 
31,996 


659,777 


148 
2,165 
2,528 
5,277 
6,433 

23,317 
7,557 
4,127 
5,923 
5,106 

9,322 
6,931 
2,355 
9,298 

10,195 
21,700 


122,882 


Number  of 
returns 


Adjusted 
gross 
income 

f  Thousand 
dollars) 


Income  tax 
liability 
after 
credits 
( Thousand 
dollars) 


505,070 
587,573 
598,521 
728,544 
724,213 

1,348,346 

144,813 

39,781 

29,923 

17,544 

7,111 

1,343 

353 

326 

37 

18 


4,733,521 


271, 516 

865,002 

1,501,033 

2,566,270 

3,256;377 

3,955,936 

1,707,765 

682,025 

717,867 

652,732 

469,398 
163,300 
60,733 
94,099 

25,030 
33,860 


District  of  Columbia 


36,438 
54,041 
53,602 
81,255 
36,336 

67,356 

10,171 

2,918 

2,253 

1,110 

583 


26,908 
30,636 
38,699 
36,913 
23,466 

34,129 

4.002 
955 
603 
351 

131 

19 
1 
3 


196,816 


14,311 
45,232 
97,807 
129,024 
104,923 

224,360 
47,302 
16,023 
15,002 
13,501 

8,020 
2,292 

195 

300 


274 
2,439 
6,405 
9,444 
8,899 

24,268 
7,221 
2,924 
3,409 
3,890 

2,955 

1,018 

138 

400 


Iowa 


684,031 


Louisiana 


93,960 
131,752 
113,810 
128,828 

96,249 

136,255 

14,037 

5,LLL 

3,163 

2,054 

858 

165 

36 

27 

3 

2 


726, 310 


52,763 
196,540 
284,693 
452,252 
426,925 

884,076 
166,404 
33,206 
75,232 
77,141 

56,965 
19,968 
6,150 
8,085 
1,721 
2,895 


500 
6,032 
13,879 
23,280 
36,579 

93,968 
25,394 
16,831 
16,467 
22,176 

22,270 
9,409 
3,045 
4,595 
871 
1,276 


301,572 


155,378 

167,789 

182,413 

146,223 

115,353 

155,458 

16,903 

4,213 

3,345 

1,655 

499 
67 
14 


87,441 

250,256 

451,544 

508,520 

515,131 

1,006,169 

199,715 

72, 591 

80,362 

59,627 

32,376 
7,858 
2,403 
2,367 


3,276,360 


643 
9,629 
26,608 
39,019 
40,720 

112,571 
29,884 
13,274 
17,591 
16,341 

12,333 
3,657 
1,183 
1,331 


324,799 


Maine 


62,479 
73,687 
62,276 
59,488 
35,934 

37, 502 

3,204 

1,176 

861 

523 

U9 

12 

5 

5 


337, 301 


33,097 
110, 517 
155,799 
208,329 
153,946 

251,714 
38,498 
20,520 
21,794 
19,044 

9,804 

1,298 

852 

1,732 


383 

4,686 

7,991 

14, 620 

12,  U2 

23,659 

5,966 

3,361 

4,979 

5,426 

3,619 

627 

335 

367 


94,161 


346,729 


20,745 
81, 377 
136, 613 
282,623 
165,402 

450,351 

120,090 

50,076 

55,463 

41,094 

39,467 

11,698 

3,419 

11, 178 

3,509 

1,603 


Idaho 


22,155 
31,974 
30,886 
42,476 
28,916 

37,826 

3,375 

1,100 

635 

232 

94 

7 


12,800 
47,373 
78,474 
146,179 
129,667 

246,759 

39,497 

13,593 

15,627 

8,948 

6,045 
733 


Kansas 


104,693 
133,626 
112,025 
120,712 
108,699 

132, 594 

12,688 

3,851 

2,925 

1,456 

516 
119 
18 
17 

6 
1 


733,946 


58,564 
200,032 
232, 107 

421, 116 
490, 501 

390,005 

152,427 

65,719 

70, 529 

55,714 

33,555 
14,443 
3,022 
5,338 
4,011 
1^103 


2,748,186 


Maryland 


121,805 
166,404 
157,577 
185,302 
150,251 

257,965 
27,951 
7,794 
4,918 
2,735 

1,201 
149 
52 

41 


1,084,152 


63,836 
245,087 
397,920 
643,313 
669,025 

1,705,227 
330,497 
132,466 
117,637 
102,869 

79,778 

17,633 

3,836 

10,958 

3,321 

2,029 


4,531,032 


531 
12,593 
23,910 
48,865 
57,025 

192,864 
49,030 
23,582 
25,221 
29,080 

28,591 
7,854 
3,997 
5,234 
2,039 
992 


5U,408 


See  footnotes  at  end  of  table.     See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


73 


-ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES  AND  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES— Continued 

{Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income) 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
income 

(Thoaaand 
dollar,) 

Income  tax 
liability 
after 
credits 
(  Thousand 
dellHTs) 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
income 

f  TTiousand 
dollars) 

Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

( Thousand 
dollars) 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
income 

(Thousand 
dollars) 

Income  tax 
liability 
after 
credits 
f  Thousand 
dollars) 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
income 

(Thousand 
dollars) 

Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

(Thousand 

dollars) 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

231,769 
306,223 

363,235 
333,017 
272,418 

383,530 
29,932 
9,101 
9,558 
4,714 

2,573 
387 
131 
108 
11 
1 

117,038 

460,892 

908,227 

1,161,937 

1,222,345 

2,482,095 
359,094 
155,594 
230,856 
175,944 

171,533 

46,375 

22,426 

31,122 

7,339 

1,118 

1,631 

28,128 
74,296 
95,076 
107,441 

273,191 
52,321 
27,323 
49,616 
46,314 

59,265 
18,515 
10,132 
13,580 
3,638 
480 

306,530 
315,119 
301,962 
366,112 
405,015 

820,448 

72,930 

16,524 

13,480 

8,047 

3,978 

540 

162 

155 

15 

12 

166,979 

464,427 

752,203 

1,293,998 

1,819,995 

5,435,756 
855,301 
233,003 
320,498 
298,153 

268,694 
64,359 
27,565 
44,934 
9,637 
23,243 

1,942 

21,933 

53,600 

109,257 

156,533 

638,155 

131,292 

52,064 

70,249 

85,390 

102,490 
30,438 
13,937 
25,437 
5,895 
14,784 

165,473 
201,827 
165,003 
184,496 
152,709 

207,555 

17,432 

5,343 

4,550 
2,608 

906 
186 
43 

45 
4 
1 

91,547 
299,348 
413,787 
551,134 
680,758 

1,329,632 
206,315 

91,620 
111,476 

97,759 

60,209 
21,260 
7,345 
11,550 
2,304 
1,001 

1,079 
13,248 
23,091 
51,411 
56,644 

140, 376 
30,838 
15,972 
23,212 
25,660 

21,972 

9,377 
3,130 
5,511 
1,160 
443 

50,763 
84,026 
68,886 
42, 306 
35,540 

46, 323 

4,748 

1,338 

1,375 

646 

187 
19 

7 
4 
1 

28,722 
125,273 
167,311 
145,201 
157,720 

299,182 
54,933 
22,932 
32,651 

24,341 

11,566 

2,386 

1,200 

967 

583 

313 
2,969 
6,761 
7,618 
11,921 

31,853 
3,184 
4,121 
6,347 
5,618 

4,244 

1,131 

552 

511 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

308 

1,946,708 

7,553,935 

861,447 

2,631,029 

12,194,255 

1,523,997 

1,109,306 

4,077,055 

428,629 

336,270 

1,075,518 

93,955 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns : 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

221,131 
244,081 
229,125 
233,368 
185,125 

282,410 

25,161 

8,911 

7,097 

4,337 

1,907 

274 

73 

81 

9 

3 

114,357 
363,658 
574,443 
813,354 
825,877 
1,817,390 
298,905 
151,656 
169,705 
161,619 

126,744 

32,494 

12,591 

22,851 

5,798 

3,443 

852 
15,120 
34,257 
63,911 
72,642 

209,776 
45,826 
27,652 
36,132 
45,705 

48,  U2 
13,599 
6,162 
11,497 
3,584 
1,900 

28,084 
35,627 
31,736 
33,927 
37,351 

44,152 

4,543 

1,710 

937 

297 

67 
6 

1 

13,497 

52,174 

79,692 

117,335 

167, 352 

287,456 
53,774 
29,156 
22,695 
10,757 

4,325 
706 
180 

1,093 

66 
2,547 
4,889 
8,984 
15,112 
33,116 
8,425 
5,618 
5,260 
2,937 

1,692 

405 

34 

522 

38, 373 
105,337 
80,553 
78,128 
51,349 

79,907 

7,686 

2,543 

1,899 

987 

337 
50 
7 
10 

49,463 
153,188 
200,192 
270,952 
229,374 

513,190 
92, 505 
43,706 
44,343 
37,288 

22,212 
5,891 
1,299 
2,504 

461 

5,912 

12,927 

20,087 

21,317 

53,637 

14,706 

8,292 

9,662 

10,543 

8,748 

2,705 

655 

1,319 

11,111 
11,182 

10,545 
13,978 
15,361 

22,494 

2,478 

711 

976 

243 

158 
46 

5 

17 

6,453 
16,129 
27,002 
49,667 
69,077 

148,085 

29,279 

11,900 

22,227 

9,420 

10,813 

5,435 

837 

4,558 

135 

803 

2,050 

3,819 

5,857 

18,917 
4,585 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200  000  under  $500,000 

2,299 
5,236 
2,676 

4,423 
2,250 

374 
2,161 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

1,443,093 

5,494,885 

636,757 

218,442 

840,262 

39,707 

497,  luo 

1,666,113 

176,026 

89,406 

410,893 

55,585 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

34,478 
34,363 
41,147 
36,751 
27,793 

36,944 

2,216 

974 

733 

458 

114 
19 

4 
4 

19,296 

52,471 

103,866 

128,322 

124,269 

231,458 
27,065 
17,066 
17,661 

17,769 

7,328 

2,204 

702 

1,398 

160 
2,605 
7,831 
9,173 
9,871 

24,403 
4,287 
3,012 
3,921 
4,975 

2,522 
966 
384 
659 

231,925 
255,442 
303, 573 
352,763 
310,066 

585,894 

61,448 

17,039 

12,146 

6,830 

2,680 
437 
82 
80 
13 
7 

114,623 

381,822 

761,620 

1,232,377 

1,390,190 

3,390,324 
727, 561 
291,433 
291,495 
256,730 

177,050 
50,264 
14,047 
23,532 
8,931 
13,657 

1,158 

19,665 

57,292 

105,995 

125,371 

443,604 

109,333 

51,724 

62,038 

69,401 

56,483 
22,730 
6,  844' 
12,553 
4,300 
7,526 

37,838 
33,391 

34,970 
26,297 
25,749 

45,804 

4,750 

1,033 

898 

466 

150 

22 

4 

4 

22,310 
49,949 
87,706 
90,351 
115,819 

311,075 
55,451 
18,353 
21,119 
17,359 

10,131 

2,915 

538 

1,164 

201 
1,623 

3,504 
6,105 
8,183 

34, 386 
8,412 
3,520 
4,626 
5,529 

4,048 

1,547 

376 

626 

683,031 

829,150 

1,032,599 

1,047,963 

939, 584 

1,489,140 

170, 357 

58,977 

46,939 

27,556 

13,005 

2,497 

853 

927 

135 

56 

366,159 
1,248,683 
2,596,612 
3,667,810 
4,205,413 

9,828,112 
2,025,093 
1,008,913 
1,134,762 
1,046,041 

858,765 
298,750 
146,398 
253,264 
89,154 
113,586 

3,505 
58,000 
180,423 
299,440 
355,952 
1,030,384 
294,904 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

172,094 
229,323 
267,222 

293,113 
122,341 
63,717 
120,912 
43,417 
53,665 

215,998 

750,875 

74,769 

2,140,475 

9,626,661 

1,166,222 

211,876 

804,415 

82,691 

6,347,819 

28,907,625 

3,643,412 

North  Carolina 

North  Daiota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returr^: 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

167,201 
241,552 
238,535 
175,064 
109,408 

145,707 
12,734 
4,130 
4,041 
2,668 

842 

106 

24 

24 
2 
1 

92,125 
360,360 
590,827 
607,963 
483,671 

953,239 

152,866 

71,458 

98,292 

99,794 

55,072 
12,825 
4,121 
6,782 
1,516 
1,033 

611 
10,145 
25,890 
31,467 
33,604 

94, 596 
21,729 
11,978 
19,609 
24,986 

18,552 

5,262 

1,671 

3,328 

634 

611 

47,658 

50,514 

32,504 

27,175 

19,821 

19,299 

2,173 

750 

399 

200 

48 
4 

2 

25,818 
74,477 
31,970 
95,366 
88,357 

127,757 
25, 370 
12, 388 
9,401 
7,145 

3,001 
418 

522 

212 
2,674 
3,950 
5,874 
7,501 

13,520 
3,731 
2,236 
2,053 
2,055 

1,032 
170 

323 

352,484 
407, 116 
435, 106 
534,467 
517,055 

351,146 
69,769 
20,764 
15,571 
3,583 

3,300 

590 

174 

174 

20 

2 

183,379 

612,875 

1,093,883 

1,878,383 

2,319,539 

5,589,624 
819,356 
356,177 
395,729 
322,132 

243,971 
70,425 
29,930 
47,797 
12,975 
2,373 

1,818 

31,126 

80,921 

155,079 

212,005 

642,236 

126,782 
66,878 
87,872 
91,384 

95,197 
32,713 
1^,352 
24,208 
6,960 
1,350 

104,600 
125,259 
100,310 
105,310 
88,815 

118,452 

10,637 

3,606 

3,344 

1,290 

694 
97 
26 
28 
4 
6 

55,905 
185,327 
249,357 
368,889 
401,477 

771,337 

126, 610 

62, 353 

81,197 

48,362 

45,978 
U,719 
4,397 
7,887 
2,575 
15,987 

423 

5,531 

11,  X2 

22,978 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

34,953 
19,252 
11,204 
18,043 
13,760 

16,553 
5,528 
2,055 
3,917 
1,173 
8,342 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

1,102,039 

3,591,944 

304,673 

200,647 

552,491 

45,446 

3,218,821 

13,985,208 

1,670,881 

663,978 

2,440,907 

257,366 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Puerto  Rico 

Rhode  Island 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

Under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

71,306 
76,046 
80,51A 
89,167 
96,019 

145,140 
12,252 
3,797 
2,412 

1,350 

653 
69 
26 

40 
4 
1 

40,861 
114,354 
199,438 
316,808 
429,328 

938,478 

143,870 

65,390 

59,247 

50,841 

42,240 
8,344 

4,465 

10,879 

2,290 

1,023 

442 
4,598 
13,647 
24,872 
35,572 

102,065 
22,112 
11,793 
12,891 
14,229 

15,364 
3,740 
2,176 
5,060 
1,051 
388 

490,653 

655,708 

630,230 

767,261 

640,693 

808,063 

63,116 

21,570 

16,569 

10,648 

4,883 

761 

206 

198 

24 

20 

262,477 

975,018 

1,579,330 

2,588,846 

2,868,513 

5,250,742 

809,112 

369, 394 

403,694 

400,143 

324,299 

91,321 

35,244 

54,763 

16,082 

38,269 

3,110 
43,349 
U0,797 
215,086 
255,706 

599,294 

125,578 
68,590 
39,593 

114,277 

123,744 
41,677 
17, 294 
27,858 
9,673 
21,114 

4,148 
5,075 
3,038 
4,143 
2,409 

{') 

2,720 

8,333 

7,400 

14,743 

10,706 

(^) 

{') 

79 
85 
87 
565 
15 

(^) 

49,327 
54,202 
56,169 
52,915 
44,397 

52,276 
4,588 
1,369 
1,393 
833 

360 
63 

15 
22 
4 
2 

25,324 
81,489 
135,638 
185,223 
194,243 

335,837 
54,092 
23, 548 
32,765 
30,353 

24,256 
7,233 
2,610 
6,275 
2,694 
2,148 

224 
4,424 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20  000  under  $30,000  ... 

14,857 
17,707 

38,419 
7,921 
4,271 
5  940 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

8,316 
2,934 

1,089 
3,562 
1,363 
1,296 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

578,796 

2,427,856 

270, 500 

4,115,703 

15,157.247 

1,871,750 

21,325 

54,759 

1,230 

317,935 

1,145,238 

133,240 

See  footnotes  at  end  of  table.     See  text  for  individual  returns   for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 


74 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


-ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES  AND  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES— Continued 

[Returns  with  adjusted  gi'oss  income) 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
income 

(  Thousand 
dollars} 

Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

(Thousand 
dollars) 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
income 

(Thousand 
dollars} 

Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

(Thousand 
dollars} 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
income 

(Thousand 
dollars} 

Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

C  Thousand 

dollars) 

Number  of 
returns 

Adjusted 
gross 
incoiie 

(Thousand 
dollars) 

Income  tax 

liability 

after 

credits 

( Thousand 
dollars) 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  retui-ns; 

73, 199 

100,968 

120,883 

79,505 

55,699 

76,975 

6,495 

2,172 

1,4U 

724 

269 

29 

4 

9 

1 

36,580 
150,040 
297,970 
275,163 
249,337 

490,132 
76,347 
37,274 
33,961 
25,914 

17,159 
3,543 

692 
2,340 

745 

311 
4,942 
13,610 
15,569 

17,415 

49,223 

11,047 

6,059 

6,915 

6,399 

5,903 
1,575 

293 
1,232 

436 

44,044 
43,833 
45,940 
36,702 
25,927 

19,438 

2,536 

647 

503 

254 

66 
4 
2 

1 

25,321 
72,491 
112,908 
126,080 
U5,526 

133,290 
30,003 
11,430 
12,627 
9,120 

4,042 
^609 
320 

204 

310 
2,765 
6,009 
8,065 
8,290 

15,676 
4,533 
2,134 
2,900 
2,528 

1,555 
339 
174 

114 

136,741 
182, 389 
179,327 
142,765 
96, 503 

148,892 

12,175 

4,054 

3,244 

1,716 

692 

123 

16 

22 

2 

77,749 
274,478 
445,268 
497,546 
427,438 

963,232 
U5,865 
69,865 
77,512 
64,345 

46,863 

1A,943 

2,733 

6,244 

1,420 

525 
7,513 
21,210 
30,966 
34,250 

104,160 
22,085 
12,715 
16,504 
18,093 

17,482 

6,707 

1,280 

3,089 

695 

350,155 
414,116 
409,196 
401,023 
333,798 

528,035 

52,810 

19,360 

15,648 

7,723 

3,707 
602 
167 

169 
48 
16 

199,121 

612,903 

1,016,867 

1,398,025 

1,502,679 

3,433,974 
627,156 
329,274 
376,683 
293,166 

246,458 
71,950 
28,600 
48,931 
32, 314 
30,532 

1,446 

20,927 

45,967 

89,333 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

123,481 

382,178 
98,121 
63,374 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

87,050 
87,861 

98,902 
34,801 
14,423 
25,330 
17,184 
17,738 

518, 343 

1,697,197 

140,929 

224,952 

653,976 

55,392 

908,671 

3,115,501 

297, 279 

2,536,573 

10,248,638 

1,208,671 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington* 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

37,754 
35,181 
36,020 
39,953 
44,389 

47,214 

4,007 

1,035 

1,101 

471 

191 

8 

5 

20,043 

51,610 

88,709 

138,865 

198,552 

296,384 

47,653 

17,828 

25,596 

17,253 

12,179 
975 

830 

273 
2,487 
5,633 
9,354 
11,987 
29,494 
6,718 
3,041 
5,183 
4,751 

4,302 
265 

336 

It' 

21,780 
27,945 
27,354 
22,310 
12,157 

14,543 

1,722 

439 

425 

161 

47 

11 

2 

1 

13,946 
40,695 
67,125 
77,419 
55,660 

89,504 
20,035 

7,659 
10,343 

6,176 

2,983 

1,281 
359 

1,105 
961 

160 
1,559 
2,379 
5,612 
3,325 

8,884 
2,663 
1,398 
2,296 
1,707 

996 
440 
157 
690 
713 

150,118 
206,305 
210,339 
180,845 
124,746 

193,339 

21,733 

6,056 

4,224 

2,266 

786 

99 

35 

22 

2 

4 

79,275 
304,871 
525,339 
627,694 
558,210 

1,312,169 

255,398 

103,795 

102,129 

84,965 

51,574 

n,659 

5,962 

5,587 

1,566 

10,647 

786 
U,869 
30,184 
44,099 
44,097 

149,058 
37,753 
18,437 
21,357 
22,854 

18,697 
5,342 
2,314 
2,852 
933 
4,617 

117,541 
122,814 
134, 507 
147,187 
151,716 

266, 176 

27,616 

6,884 

5,382 

1,858 

636 
96 
25 
27 

2 
3 

61,457 
181,858 
336,941 
517, 176 
630,631 

1,762,740 
327,439 
U3,145 
130,490 
70, 521 

41,231 
11, 578 
4,2U 
7,394 

1,387 
10,074 

678 

$1,000  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

8,944 
22,727 
46,019 
57,721 
205,026 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

51,  545 
22,456 
30,673 
21,180 

16,069 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

5,402 
2,029 
3,336 
629 
5,136 

Total 

247,331 

916,952 

83,989 

128,901 

J95,251 

33,979 

1,105,919 

4,040,340 

415,799 

982,470 

4,263,326 

500,075 

» 

est  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wj'oming 

Taxable  and  nontaxable  returns: 

86,339 
117,160 
89,932 
88,137 
90, 319 

84,200 
6,802 
2,372 

1,768 
864 

293 

42 

8 

8 
1 

46,388 
172,611 
223,306 
310,052 
401,721 

532,810 
81,907 
39,883 
40,602 
31,438 

19,296 

4,971 

1,456 

2,686 

556 

350 

6,529 

13,819 

20,312 

33,434 

59,452 

13,105 

7,339 

9,088 

9,162 

7,429 

2,533 

745 

1,420 

257 

192,279 
226,078 
188,976 
199,693 
196,360 

283, 386 

21,777 

7,034 

5,918 

2,342 

770 

U2 

57 

43 

102,962 
335,058 
471,854 
693,042 
879,617 

1,823,366 

258,890 

U9,695 

142,095 

86,929 

51,526 
13, 599 
9,722 

12,599 
2,403 

913 
15,505 
31,271 
53,950 
74,843 

204,352 
39,688 
21,401 
30,166 
23,125 

18,618 
6,026 
4,552 
6,312 

1,177 

16,089 
19,316 
14,816 
14,726 
14,044 

25,552 

2,129 

476 

328 

152 

87 

30 

1 

6 

8,289 
29,551 
37,986 
51,193 
62,790 

157,514 

25,297 

8,219 

7,552 

5,641 

5,338 

3,430 

154 

2,363 

100 
1,163 
2,682 
3,353 
5,831 

17,801 
4,002 
1,555 
1,738 
1,694 

2,329 

1,616 

75 

1,144 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

ftlQ  000  undpr  450  000    

t50  000  under  AlOO  000    

*150  000  under  $200  000    

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

563,245 

1,909,633 

184,974 

1,324,829 

5,003,957 

531,899 

103,252 

-•^5,817 

45,083 

See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data." 
^Includes  Canal  Zone. 

^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.  However,  this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 

■*The  average  amount  of  adjusted  gross  inccme  per  return  exceeds  the  upper  limit  of  the  adjusted  gross  income  class  in  which  it  is  shown.  This  results  from  using  a  rounded  weight- 
jig  factor  to  inflate  the  sample. 
Includes  Alaska. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


75 


Table  15.— RETURNS  WITH  SELF- EMPLOYMENT  TAX— ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  AND  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX,  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


Returns  with  self- employment  tax 


Number  of 

returns 


Adjusted 
gross 
income 

(Thousand 
dollars) 


Self-en^loy- 
ment  tax 


C  Thousand 
dollars) 


Returns  with  self-employm-^r.t  tax 
but  without  income  lax 


Number  of 
re  turns 


Adjusted 

gross 
income 

(  Thousand 
dollars) 


Self -employ- 
ment tax 


(I) 


(2) 


(3) 


(^) 


(5) 


No  adjusted  gross  income. . 

Under  $«)0 

$600  under  51,000 

{1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $3,500 

$3,500  under  $^,000 

$4,000  under  $4,500 

$4,500  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $6,000 

$6,000  under  $7,000 

$7,000  under  $8,000 

$8,000  under  $9,000 

$9,000  under  $10,000 

^10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000... 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 


13,305 

89,329 
224,318 
318,161 
359,380 
345,486 

366,493 
351,353 
305,975 
273,830 
213,792 

331,647 
226,415 
160,985 
118,262 
89,423 

217,070 
82,458 
68,004 
36,392 
15, 169 

2,531 

651 

616 

81 

30 


'35,900 

41,316 
176,942 
401,386 
632,036 
778,356 

1,004,362 
1,141,419 
1,145,534 
1,161,968 
1,013,465 

1,823,025 
1,466,335 
1,198,979 
1,000,984 
844,610 

2,614,057 
1,416,428 
1,622,503 
1,363,462 
995,053 

302,046 

111,445 

174,337 

53,531 

62,760 


756 

1,670 
5,294 
10,952 
15,994 
19,181 

24,733 
26,701 
25,052 
23,223 
18,288 

29,307 
20,635 
15,333 
11,188 
8,684 

22,446 
8,797 
7,242 
3,959 
1,644 

271 
71 
66 
8 
3 


13,305 

89,829 
181,461 
230,087 
210,398 

136,807 

124,343 
77,691 
42,354 
24,754 
7,262 

7,783 


'35,900 

41,316 
142,443 
286,785 
369,954 
309,606 

337,242 
250,081 
158,695 
1CK,958 
34,140 

41,886 
<^' 


1,247 


4,211,65c 


*22, 510,439 


301,498 


1,148,895 


'2,063,570 


(6) 


756 

1,670 
4,339 
7,845 
9,178 
7,776 

8,394 
5,824 
3,837 
2,109 
691 


699 


(=) 


9 
10 
11 

12 
13 
14 
15 
16 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 

22 
23 
24 
25 
26 


53,40; 


See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limitations  of  Data. " 

'Adjusted  gross  deficit. 

^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.     However,   this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 

^Less  than  $500. 

'Adjusted  gross  income  less  adjusted  gross  deficit. 


445805   O  -57  • 


76 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Table  I6.-RETUBNS  WITH  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX— ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  AND  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITOBES 

(Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income) 


States  and  Territories 


Alabama. . . . 

Arizona 

Arkansas. . . 

California. 
Colorado. . . 


Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia. 

Florida' 

Georgia 


Hawaii. . . 
Idaho. ... 

Illinois. . 
Indiana. . 
Iowa 


Kansas. . . ■ 
Kentucky. . 
Louisiana. 

Maine 

Maryland. . 


Massachusetts. 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi. . . 
Missouri 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 
New  Jersey. . . . 


New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota.. . 
Ohio 


Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 
Puerto  Rico. . 
Rhode  Island. 


South  Carolina. 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 


Vermont 

Virginia 

Washing ton^... 
West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Number  of 
returns  with 
self -employ- 
ment tax 


(1) 


Total. 


50,036 
23,273 
37,917 
389,707 
42,617 

62,771 
8,448 
13,692 
102,720 
67,271 

9,910 

28,433 

258,543 

120,366 

86,494 

61,001 
62,525 
56,900 
30,541 
60,701 

119,609 
164,840 
88,445 
29,260 
100,258 

17,261 
41,253 
6,135 
16,926 
156,437 

14,002 

482,700 

79,662 

15,778 

2ai,137 

70,010 

59,752 

269,357 

19,676 

32,458 
20,308 
61,761 
217,370 
17,775 

9,960 
69,672 
87,720 
35,841 

106,082 
6,274 


Adjusted 
gross 
income 

{  Thousand 
doUarl) 


(2) 


4,194,635 


228,168 
128,772 
152,736 
2,439,926 
252,276 

364,579 
47,14.8 
85,559 
497,994 
352,024 

64,190 

125,615 

1,602,577 

594,843 

421,795 

336,859 
299,723 
323,709 
111,019 
340,690 

560,919 
1,076,363 
434,041 
128,513 
531,883 

103,203 
193,081 
46,870 
60,944 
806,541 

83,561 

2,734,423 

342,689 

67,019 

1,093,422 

328,543 

353,657 

1,414,402 

32,954 

152,045 
90,861 

283,367 

1,134,343 

99,475 

33,279 
351,516 
475,602 
145,607 
507,264 

35,722 


Self-employ- 
ment tax 


(Thousand 
dollara) 


(3) 


3,117 
1,792 
2,237 
29,621 
2,991 

4,654 

629 

916 

7,127 

4,207 

627 
2,112 
19,909 
8,564 
6,347 

4,394 
4,113 
3,867 
1,763 
4,488 

8,115 
12,844 
6,419 
2,050 
6,953 

1,395 

2,890 

522 

1,U4 

11,613 

1,096 
39,942 
4,815 
1,074 
15,175 

4,811 
4,647 
19,719 

1,307 

2,112 
1,539 
3,778 
1A,275 
1,397 

553 
4,591 
5,922 
2,070 
7,929 

409 


304,591       52 


See  text  for  individual  returns  for  "Explanation  of  Classifications  and  Terms"  and  for  "Description  of  Sample  and  Limtations  of  Data. 
^Includes  Canal  Zone. 
^Includes  Alaska. 


HISTORICAL  TABLES 
INDIVIDUAL  RETURNS,  1945-1954 


Page 


17.  Number  of  retui-ns  by  major  characteristics,  adjusted  gross  income 

and  deficit,  and  tax 79 

18.  Returns  with  income  tax — number,  adjusted  gross  income,  income 

tax,  and  average  tax,  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 80 

19.  Sources  of  income  by  type 81 

20.  Selected  sources  of  income  by  adjusted  gross  income  classes 82 

21.  Itemized  deductions  by  type 84 

22.  Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income — number,  adjusted  gross  in- 

come, and  income  tax,  by  States  and  Territories 8.'i 


77 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1945-1954 


79 


Table  17.— NUMBER  OF  RETURNS  BV  MAJOR  CHARACTERISTICS,  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  AND  DEFICIT,  AND  TAX,  1945-1954 


Number  of  returns,   total^ 

Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income,  total 

Taxable  returns 

Nontaxable  returns 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income,  total^. 

Returns  with  only  self-employment  tax 

NontLxable  returns^ 

Number  of— 

Taxable  returns 

Nontaxable  returns  ^ 

Returns  with  itemized  deductions^ 

Taxable 

Nontaxable^ 

Returns  with  standard  deduction 

Taxable 

Nontaxable 


Number  of  returns  by  source  of  income: 
Positive  income: 

Salaries  and  wages 

Dividends  ^ 

Interest  received^ 

Annuities  and  pensions 

Income  from  estates  and  trusts 

Business  profit 

Partnership  profit 

Net  gain  from  sales  of  capital  assets. 
Net  gain  from  sales  of  other  property. 

Rents  and  royalties  net  income 

Other  sources^ 

Losses: 

Business  loss 

Partnership  loss 

Net  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets. 
Net  loss  from  sales  of  other  property. 

Rents  and  royalties  net  loss 

Net  operating  loss  deduction' 

Loss  from  estates  and  trusts 

Amount  of  adjusted  gross  income,  total 

Taxable  returns 

Nontaxable  returns 

Amount  of  adjusted'gross  deficit,  total... 
Returns  with  only  self-employment  tax... 
Nontaxable  returns 

Amount  of  taxable  income 

Amount  of  tax  liability,  total 

Income  tax  (after  credits) 

Self-employment  tax 


56,306,704 
42,619,755 
13,686,949 

440, 304 

13,305 

426,999 


..2,633,060 
14,113,948 

15,701,595 

13,711,830 

1,989,765 

41,045,413 
23,921,230 
12,124,133 


49,925,305 

3,681,007 

6,124,335 

730,279 

363, 306 

6,320,312 
1,588,046 
2,411,147 
135,062 
3,863,618 
5,019,718 


,464,726 
228,949 
664,084 
207,456 
,143,337 
34,781 
12,258 


57,838,184 

57,415,885 
45,206,129 
12,209,756 

422,299 

17,022 

405.277 


45,223,151 

12,615,033 

14,426,417 
12,932,132 

1,494,285 

43,411,767 
32,291,019 
U,  120, 748 


50,373,912 

4,495,133 

5,579,720 

735,471 

426,823 

6,121,474 
1,649,591 
1,987,723 
93,741 
4,061,630 
1,861,744 


1,281,395 
241,505 
739, 370 
151,152 

1,192,880 
33,205 


56,528,817 

56,107,089 
43,866,832 
12,240,257 

421,723 

9,441 

412,287 


43,876,273 
12,652,544 

12,835,776 
11,462,609 

1, 373, 167 

43,693,041 
32,413,664 

11,279,377 


49,342,862 

4,213,722 

5,196,439 

6X,831 

425,669 

5,791,797 
1,625,320 
2,034,196 
93,738 
3,365,368 


1,080,870 
203,170 
665,727 
124,402 

1,054,992 
29,987 


55,447,009 

55,042,597 
42,636,797 
12,405,800 

404,412 
11,813 
392,599 


42,648,610 
12,798,399 

11,581,696 
10,212,822 
1,363,874 

43,865,313 
32,435,788 
11,429,525 


43,533,699 

4,038,391 

4,824,056 

598, 330 

432,106 

6,127,629 
1,692,545 
2,132,037 
100,765 
3,335,620 
2,353,892 


1,047,713 
219,839 
582,413 
180,335 
977,080 
30, 570 


53,060,098 

52,655,564 
38,186,682 
14,468,382 

404,534 

404,534 


33,186,632 
U,  873,416 

10,320,298 
8,724,546 
1,595,752 

42,739,300 
29,462,136 
13,277,664 


46.147,211 

3,668,423 

4,410,271 

525,514 

387,293 

5,876,922 
1,872,550 
1,895,963 
117,067 
3,727,762 
2,278,576 


988,465 
250,928 
668,038 
182,540 
399,337 


51,301,910 
35,628,295 
15,673,615 

512,214 

512,214 


35,628,295 
16,135,829 

9,691,340 
7,899,061 
1,792,279 

42,122,734 
27,729,234 
14,393,550 


44,167,831 

3,656,582 

4,714,567 

545,763 

353,347 

5,317,827 
1,971,001 
1,439,221 
123,254 
3, 606, 363 
2,238,711 


896,247 
278,292 
697,010 
160, 209 
873,636 


51,745,697 
36,411,248 
15,334,449 

326,309 

326, 309 


36,411,248 
15,660,758 

8,823,927 
7,297,843 
1,531,084 

43,243,079 
29,1U,405 
14,129,674 


45,000,595 

3,321,922 

3,963,527 

377,317 

323,386 

6,337,370 
1,636,213 
1,694,230 

136,132 
3,174,410 
2,012,844 


820,474 
173,721 
586,123 
103,112 
821,073 


54,799,936 
41,578,524 
13,221,412 

299,072 

299,072 


41,578,524 
13,520,484 

10,401,107 
8,990,964 
1,410,143 

44,697,901 
32,587,560 
12, 110, 341 


47,657,623 

3,443,646 

3,835,126 

329, 513 

319,113 

6,266,633 
1,902,081 
1,866,853 
121,431 
3,163,086 
2,079,988 


774,649 
183,111 
610,349 
98,030 
852,354 


52,816,547 

52,600,470 
37,915,696 
14,684,774 

216,077 

216,077 


37,915,696 
14,900,851 

8,753,179 
7,566,176 
1,187,003 

44,063,368 
30,349,520 
13,713,848 


45,699,345 

3,306,931 

3,636,477 

308,957 

323,605 

6,301,650 
1,534,734 
2,244,938 
137,267 
3,106,963 
2,038,630 


642,131 
115, 186 
502,457 
85,473 
770, 224 


49,932,783 

49,750,991 

42,650,502 

7,100,489 

181,792 

181,792 


42,650,502 
7,282,281 

8,478,590 

7,800,550 

678,040 

41,454,193 
34,849,952 
6,604,241 


43,883,743 

4,952,101 

275,423 
291,859 

5,276,269 
1,421,871 
1,671,192 
83,283 
3,125,981 
1,853,076 


570,572 
108,247 
391,561 
79,707 
692,692 


(Thousand  doltera) 


230,235,355 

209,668,830 

20,567,025 

1,014,480 

35,900 

978, 580 


26,967,251 

26,665,753 

301,498 


229,863,409 

212,421,184 

17,442,225 

1,155,153 

46,003 

1,109,150 


29,657,273 

29,430,659 

226,614 


216,087,449 

193,531,784 

17,555,665 

797,541 

23,425 

774,116 


28,020,288 

27,802,831 

217,45-' 


203,097,033 
185,171,964 
17,925,069 

760, 548 

23,912 

736,636 


24,439,073 
24,227,780 

211,293 


179,874,478 
158,545,122 
21,329,356 

726,202 


18,374,922 
13,374,922 


161,373,205 
138,566,406 
22,806,799 

799,280 

799,230 


U,  538, 141 
14,538,141 


164, 173, 861 
142,056,835 
22,116,976 

657,347 

657,847 


15,441,529 
15,441,529 


150,295,275 
135,301,876 
14,993,399 

559, 193 

559,193 


13,076,281 
18,076,281 


134,330,006 
113,050,027 
16,279,979 

247,206 

247,206 


16,075,913 
16,075,913 


120,301,131 

117,561,661 

2,739,470 


17,050,378 
17,050,378 


^For  new  definition  of  taxable  and  nontaxable  returns  for  1954,  see  page  23. 

^Includes  returns  with  no  information,  1945-52. 

^Excludes  returns  Form  1040A  or  W-2  with  this  source  of  income  which  was  reported  as  other  income. 

^Includes  returns  1040A  or  W-2  showing  wages  not  subject  to  income  tax  withholding,  dividends,  and  interest,  not  exceeding  $100  per  return,  reported  in  one  sum  as  other  income. 

'Not  available  prior  to  1951. 


80 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1945-1954 


Table  18.— RETURNS  OTTH  INCOME  TAX— NUMBER,  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME,  INCOME  TAX,  AND  AVERAGE  TAX,  BV  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES,  1945-1954 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


NUMBER  OF  RETURNS 


$500  under  $1,000 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000. . . 
$150,000  under  $200,000. . . 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total. 


ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCCME 


$500  under  $1,000 

$600  ujlder  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000... 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total . 


INCOME  TAX  LIABILITY  (APTER  CREDITS) 


$500  under  $1,000 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total. 


AVERAGE  INCOME  TAX  PER  TAXABLE  RETURN 


$500  under  $1,000 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000... 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


1,29.;,  988 
2,426,670 
2,431,232 
3,078,559 

3,452,029 
7,924,537 
7,545,254 
12,355,239 

1,215,482 
368,492 
291,668 
161,897 
70,332 

11,617 

3,192 

3,234 

437 

201 


42,633,060 


1,361,444 
2,632,034 
2,787,231 
3,335,910 

3,685,629 
3,202,537 
7,666,402 
12,490,576 

1,158,199 
348,741 
254,008 
150,931 
60,260 

\         12,461 

2,692 

372 
145 


1,420,812 
2,760,133 
2,963,805 
3,568,839 

3,333,313 
8,552,203 
7,279,244 
10,609,222 

983,014 
324,033 
252,333 
152,900 
65,396 

14,114 

3,195 

416 
148 


1,610,092 
2,754,588 
3,115,581 
3,314,734 

4,178,241 
8,858,530 
6,949,135 
3,699,138 

831,819 

295,919 

24S,459 

149,837 

67,447 

12,045 

4,008 

3,905 

523 

171 


42,833,675   41,594,222 


1,570,113 
2,663,366 
3,333,412 
4,132,168 

4,585,740 
3,663,606 
5,740,400 
6,114,699 

679, 114 
256,019 
223,432 
136,462 
62,689 

11,564 

3,943 

4,053 

623 

219 


38,186,682 


1,538,863 
2,742,356 
3,385,746 
4,413,528 

4,750,944 
8,076,430 
4,727,478 
4,837,794 

531,572 
220,420 
181,989 
105,718 
46,130 

8,028 
2,723 
2,572 

379 
120 


2,619,795 
3,623,233 
4,683,599 

4,914,112 
3,280,683 
4,880,174 
4,666,206 

599, 545 
236,433 
192,771 
114,526 
52,725 

9,619 

3,122 

2,975 

415 

149 


36,411,248 


2,790,569 

4,178,437 
5,660,010 
6,439,111 

6,171,703 
3,695,346 
3,318,391 
2,837,585 

436,961 

201,300 

160,010 

89,158 

38,049 

6,353 

2,057 

2,018 

302 

114 


41,578,524 


3,153,2U' 

4,744,514 
5,928,686 
6,072,132 

5,310,256 
5,677,207 
2,757,501 
2,331,353 

452,271 

192, 540 

156,674 

38,913 

39, 101 

6,373 

1,994 

1,997 

323 

94 


(Tbouaand  doltai 


27 


1,073,793 
3,047,987 
4,237,823 
6,922,725 

9,505,225 

812,439 
828,835 
237,475 

14,390,553 
6,316,307 
7,018,963 
6,067,727 
4,651,794 

1,389,769 
546,951 
915,760 
293,  lU 
406, 532 


209,663,830 


37,648 
213,519 
344,535 
575,180 

817,847 
2,467,295 
3,049,831 
9,210,378 

2,185,166 
1,145,589 
1,521,383 
1,683,981 
1,708,710 

614,555 
257,014 
455,363 
154,785 
222,374 


26,565,753 


1,146,237 
3,299,452 
4,865,679 
7,493,336 

10, 156, 359 
28,746,397 
34, 370, 599 
81,752,818 

13,718,699 
5,983,194 
6,355,250 
5,682,111 
3,994,325 

■  1,633,413 

753,081 
252,379 
275,263 


210,483,502 


46,165 
255,864 
449,872 
595,210 

933,259 
2,371,975 
3,545,531 
10,443,227 

2,358,258 
1,233,380 
1,566,556 
1,786,009 
1,645,090 

[        312,499 

414,246 
149,012 
169,496 


29,430,659 


1,191,714 
3,463,102 
5,176,783 
8,030,291 

10,717,097 
29,930,509 
32,575,069 
58,763,095 

U,577,403 
5,561,110 
5,034,077 
5,757,127 
4,340,235 

1,863,390 

391,963 
273,310 
289,224 


195, 590,999 


46,964 
271,039 
477,751 
743,512 

1,022,509 
2,941,559 
3,323,844 
8,849,343 

2,024,375 
1,158,592 
1, 520,467 
1,830,556 
1,811,292 

934,339 

495,864 
164,964 
180,195 


1,354,605 
3,452,761 
5,446,157 
8, 578, 144 

11,530,006 
30,946,234 
31,016,329 
55,838,698 

9,923,727 
5,073,155 
6,003,939 
5,551,016 
4,500,312 

1,440,965 
;       687,244 

1,100,454 
349,694 
344,640 


183,243,590 


50, 542 
241, 320 
461,740 
721,975 

998,321 
2,728,262 
2,919,633 
5,607,555 

1,594,410 
973,921 
1,387,753 
1,577,415 
1,778,160 

687,725 
[  356,130 
612,301 
211,452 
213,553 


27,802,831   24,227,780 


1,310,810 
3,381,544 
5,318,935 
9,290,893 

12,552,390 
30,154,986 
25,557,691 
39,045,068 

8,148,940 
4,395,990 
5,391,854 
5,144,080 
4,192,517 

1, 385, 519 
576,791 

1,141,235 
419,462 
433,407 


158,545,122 


40,337 
197,079 
4U,125 
547,370 

390,984 
2,177,241 
2,043,783 
3,983,698 

1,157,379 
757,996 
1,121,239 
1,382,086 
1,517,006 

513, 196 
323,914 
502,558 
239,881 
260, 550 


18,374,922 


1,289,971 
3,474,249 
5,925,539 
9,926,073 

13,084,856 
28,027,397 
21,029,837 
30,970,695 

6,971,830 
3,783,153 
4,376,718 
3,975,070 
3,074,224 

961,006 
466,140 
718,256 
254,332 

255,509 


38,437 
191,102 
394,473 
650,080 

875,700 
1,919,402 
1,609,173 
3,039,306 

951,397 

525,709 

869,547 

1,022,535 

1,052,365 

407,379 
216,042 
359,959 
143,465 
146,459 


3,347,031 
6,347,058 
10,523,553 

13,535,912 
28,714,750 
21,709,135 
29,818,294 

7,200,558 
4,054,251 
4,642,297 
4,313,111 
3,515,082 

1,153,456 
534,345 
335,589 
274,704 
258,072 


142,056,885 


37,706 

187,415 
435,023 
704, 578 

914,648 
1,990,235 
1,637,046 
2,960,914 

1,002,044 

684, 138 

945,484 

1,136,288 

1,247,150 

503,298 
256,026 
441,954 
155,865 
151,715 


15,441,529 


5,295,521 
9,974,180 
14,507,256 

16,951,476 
29,914,610 
16,917,330 
18,433,619 

5,870,655 
3,455,452 
3,847,922 
3,351,904 
2,525,752 

759,938 
352,544 
574,611 
201,811 
214,945 


135,301,875 


337,787 

844,726 

1,291,807 

1,510,628 
2,757,106 
1,751,421 
2,550,665 

1,172,385 
350,451 
1,167,726 
1,277,583 
1,186,450 

411,090 
201,923 
340,804 
122,749 
131,253 


18,076,281 


2,425,223 

6,021,539 
10,435,174 
13,559,329 

14,545,694 
22,924,649 
12,205,197 
15,288,504 

5,460,356 
3,306,371 
3,769,976 
3,347,587 
2,593,410 

751,223 
340,333 
563,822 
216,896 
184, 145 


118,050,027 


432,817 
848,453 

1,142,625 

1,227,337 
2,099,585 
1,277,523 
2,160,367 

1,105,837 
824,524 
1,150,231 
1,291,755 
1,223,315 

410,973 
192,264 
327,245 
127,571 
U0,117 


Average  income  tax . 


U2 
187 

237 
311 

404 
/745 

1,798 

3,109 

5,218 

10,402 

24,295 

52,901 

80,518 

140,805 

354,199 

1,106,338 


625 


34 
97 
161 
208 

258 
350 
452 
836 

2,036 
3,537 
5,934 
11,329 
27,300 

65,203 

153,880 
400,570 
,168,938 


98 

161 
210 

263 
344 
457 
334 

2,059 
3,575 
5,026 
11,972 
27,697 

66,238 

155,200 

396, 548 

1,217,541 


148 
189 

239 

303 
420 

760 

1,917 

3,308 

5,585 

11,195 

26,354 

57,096 

38,855 

156,927 

404,306 

,249,433 


532 


26 

74 
124 
157 

194 
251 
355 
651 

1,704 
2,961 
5,017 
10,128 
24,199 

53,026 

83,312 

144,485 

385,042 

1,189,726 


481 


25 
70 
U7 
147 

134 
238 
340 
623 

1,537 
2,839 
4,779 
9,672 
23,030 

50,745 

79,340 

143,845 

391,728 

1,220,492 


408 


72 
120 
150 

185 
240 
346 
535 

1,671 
2,894 
4,905 
9,922 
23,654 

52,323 
82,007 
148, 555 
375,581 
1,018,221 


424 


93 
U9 
201 

245 
313 
461 
899 

2,408 
4,225 
7,293 
14,331 
31,182 

54,708 

98, 166 

168,382 

406,454 

1,151,430 


435 


91 
U3 
138 

231 
3W 
463 
927 

2,445 
4,232 
7,405 
U,527 
31,286 

64,437 
96,421 
163,868 
395,266 

,171,457 


424 


^For  new  definition  of  taxable  returns  for  1954,  see  page  23. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1945-1954 


81 


Table  19.— SOURCES  OF  INCOME  BY  TYPE,  1946-1964 


Sources  of  income 


(Tbouaand  dollara) 


Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 
Positive  income: 

Salaries  and  wsges^ 

Dividends^ 

Interest  received^ 

Annuities  and  pensions 

Income  from  estates  and  trusts 

Business  profit 

Partnership  profit 

Net  gain  from  sales  of  capital  assets. 
Net  gain  from  sales  of  other    property 

Rents  and  royalties  net  income 

Other  sources^ 

Total 

Losses : 

Business  loss 

Partnership  loss 

Net  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets.. 
Net  loss  from  sales  of  other  property. 

Rents  and  royalties  net  loss 

Net  operating  loss  deduction' 

Loss  from  estates  and  trusts 

Total 

Adjusted  gross  income 


Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  Income : 
Positive  income: 

Salaries  and  wages 

Dividends 

Interest  received 

Annuities  and  pensions 

Income  from  estates  and  trusts 

Business  profit 

Partnership  profit 

Net  gain  from  sales  of  capital  assets- 
Net  gain  from  sales  of  other    property. 

Rents  and  royalties  net  incane 

Other  sources 

Total 

Losses: 

Business  loss 

Partnership  loss 

Net  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets. 
Net  loss  from  sales  of  other   property. 

Rents  and  royalties  net  loss 

Net  operating  loss  deduction' 

Loss  from  estates  and  trusts 

Total 

Adjusted  gross  deficit 


185,79i,926 

7,030,900 

2,349,915 

799,292 

633,434 

19,218,571 
8,973,393 
3,614,012 

104,930 
3,497,917 

679,067 


232,746,355 


1,293,519 
259,724 
362,625 

129,023 

401,740 

58,829 

5,540 


2,511,000 


230,235,855 


157,697 
16,966 
20,315 
6,777 

16,041 
30,150 
117,850 
2,381 
38,375 
11,624 


420,382 


1,015,290 
213,518 
16,821 
70,035 
27,302 
86,136 


1,434,862 


187,607,862 

5,804,993 

2,021,869 

670, 329 

1,636,754 

18,646,959 
8,784,424 
2,473,436 
60,359 
3,605,573 
889,025 


232,251,633 


1,073,477 
266,799 
437,849 
111,682 
457,509 
40,391 


2,338,207 


229,863,409 


126,058 
23,286 
20,780 

(') 

4,722 

30,740 
13,476 
65,040 
2,526 
53,693 
19,731 


365,487 


940, 584 
248,916 
24,888 
70,954 
73,894 
161,411 


1,520,647 


1,014,480    1,155,153 


174,193,394 
5,834,215 
1,822,337 

581,672 
1,700,139 

13,180,679 
3,799,142 
2,761,038 

102,826 
3,432,513 

794,378 


213,202,833 


1,009,459 
241,285 
343,557 

39,145 
333,212 

43,724 


2,115,382 


216,037,449 


U5,638 
25,409 
24, 562 
2,139 
11,096 

14, 314 
34,656 
74,777 
13,770 
56,583 
6,953 


409,902 


373,919 
150,234 
16,905 
50,624 
24,392 
90,365 


160,336,699 
6,030,895 

1,684,015 

499, 306 

1,739,064 

18,131,463 
3,852,180 
3,185,644 
83,761 
3,299,943 
1,199,951 


205,042,926 


939,922 
231,766 

268,802 
126,056 

342,834 
36,511 


1,945,391 


144,993 

25,120 

18,200 

503 

22,361 

31,078 
18,865 
96,777 

5,142 
53,415 

8,598 


425,057 


756,666 
227,316 
16,373 
78,267 
38,322 
68,663 


133,956,127 

6,130,906 

1,582,398 

429,767 

1,689,754 

16,846,649 
3,554,469 
3,181,051 
101,494 
3,183,655 
1,008,812 


181,665,582 


340,420 
223,547 
313,886 
132, 306 
280,930 


1,791,139 


179,874,478 


116,993 

26,793 
12,706 
2,043 
10,313 

16,785 
21,038 
77,520 
1,694 
40,797 
10,262 


336,959 


758,250 

187,740 

16,742 

53, UO 

47,293 


726,202 


124,798,953 

5,218,206 

1,511,555 

441,969 

1,435,302 

15,613,095 
7,394,590 
1,386,459 
100,890 
3,024,215 
1,030,824 


162,956,058 


635,138 
243,735 
331,192 
101,036 
266,667 


161,373,205 


84,195 

23,021 

16,275 

1,439 

3,066 

16,451 
17,638 
69,061 

5,602 
35,417 

9,965 


292,130 


763,734 

189,353 

19,501 

72,716 

46,104 


125,814,826 

4,939,627 

1,279,044 

293,103 

1,307,280 

18,029,409 
3,043,862 
2,455,675 

106, 571 
2,572,772 

748,276 


165,590,445 


646,141 
166,030 
235,344 
82,481 
236,092 


1,416,588 


164,173,861 


66, 576 
31,273 
14,406 
1,315 
7,287 

19,360 

20,163 
43,987 

4,607 
26,650 

6,814 


242,438 


644,436 
149,679 
12,725 
66,844 
26,599 


900,233 


657,847 


114,736,671 

4,278,371 

1,115,258 

226,330 

1,227,282 

16,370,491 

3,231,785 

2,410,102 

97, 121 

2,201,090 

645,294 


151,539,795 


519,098 
152,156 
279, 314 
67,003 
226,940 


150,295,275 


67,076 

16,819 

10,156 

502 

3,399 

10,073 
16,797 
42,195 

4,013 
26,579 

4,332 


201,946 


519,312 

143,121 

18,281 

56,080 

23,345 


761,139 


99,144,074 

3,670,587 

1,064,219 

231,309 

1,106,134 

16,004,322 
8,083,097 
3,296,217 

121,384 
1,903,726 

749,093 


U5,  374, 162 


442,906 
108,554 
233,156 
67,271 
192, 270 


1,044,157 


29,585 

3,270 

2,843 

825 

1,529 

7,005 
2,558 
22,344 
1,295 
8,668 
1,997 


81,919 


248, 514 
29,254 
16,974 
25,131 

9,251 


247,206 


91,658,219 

3,906,025 

194,685 
945,594 

12,572,022 

7,195,884 

2,275,701 

63,922 

1,758,131 

595,186 


121,165,369 


350,118 
86,503 

181,669 
69,963 

175,992 


364,245 


41,580 
13,625 
(') 

U,462 
12,862 
32,332 

3,903 
13,321 

4,872 


142,817 


290,074 
62,445 
11,856 
57,169 
13,745 


292,472 


^Excludes  wages  of  less  than  $100  per  return  from  which  no  income  tax  was  withheld,  reported  on  Form  1040A  or  W-2  as  other  income. 
^Excludes  dividends  reported  on  Form  1040A  or  W-2,  and  for  1945-53  dividends  received  through  partnerships  and  fiduciaries. 
^Excludes  interest  of  less  than  $100  per  return  reported  on  Form  1040A  or  W-2. 
Includes  wages  not  subject  to  income  tax  withholding,  dividends,  and  interest,  not  exceeding  $100  per  return,  reported  in  one  sum  as  other  income  on  Form  1040A  or  W-2. 
'Not  available  prior  to  1951. 
^Sample  variability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.  However,  this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 


82 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  KbTUKNS  J:''UK  1945-1954 


Table  20.— SELECTED  SOURCES  OF  INCOME  UV  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES,  1945-1954 


Adjusted  gross 


SALARIES,  WAGES,  CGiaaSSIONS' 
Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 

Under  $500 

$500  under  $1,000 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,00C  under  $1,500^ 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $6,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000^ 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income... 

Grand  total 

DIVIDENDS' 
Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 

Under  $500 

$500  under  $1,000 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500^ 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $-4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000' 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income... 

Grand  total 

INTEREST  RECEIVED' 
Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 

Under  $500 

$500  under  $1,000 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500^ 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000' 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income... 

Grand  total 

See  footnotes  at  end  of  table . 


(  Thousand  Hollara) 


1,137,682 
1,953,083 
4,433,831 
5,873,995 

8,119,136 

10,641,552 
28,790,162 
32,468,575 
72,550,811 

9,319,192 
3,033,117 
2,933,567 
2,270,315 
1,553,470 

375, 500 

120,346 

142,322 

17,062 

6,108 


185,794,926 
157,697 


185,952,623 


10,178 
36,901 
65,505 
95,448 
93,973 

94,609 
200,461 
243,493 
946,788 

721,459 
520,773 
780,502 
868,526 
1,008,076 

420,263 
200,724 
376,622 
143,601 
202,998 


7,030,900 
16,966 


21,955 
53,966 
94,934 
107,508 
106,019 

92,588 
176,014 
186,123 
544,444 

254,104 
149,775 
176,403 
173,144 
128,428 

38,203 

13,916 

21,099 

5,441 

5,851 


2,349,915 
20,315 


1,208,770 
1,974,738 
4,587,925 
6,267,596 
8,470,037 

10,956,687 
29,243,923 
32,721,872 
73,196,798 

9,062,659 
2,970,569 
2,714,536 
2,272,934 
1,383,787 

\       430,495 

124,054 
16,289 
4,193 


187,607,862 
126,058 


137,733,920 


16,520 
45,296 
91,647 
104,656 
103,491 

109,970 
194,240 
202,211 
923,150 

603,683 
429,583 
613,459 

719,058 
730,003 


259,377 
98,413 
118,724 


5,804,993 
23,286 


21,171 
58,011 
89,031 
94,303 
85,395 

83,890 
167,893 
153,417 
463,900 

210,473 
127,417 
150,275 
143,019 
103,112 

42,148 

18,497 
4,969 
4,948 


2,021,869 
20,780 


1,197,251 
1,964,031 
4,763,672 
6,761,372 
9,147,821 

11,757,228 
30,554,952 
31,342,772 
60,361,693 

7,172,156 
2,590,932 
2,435,160 
2,102,804 
1,415,540 


140,748 

17,596 
4,439 


174,193,394 
145,638 


174,339,032 


18,236 
42,567 
68,815 
89,248 
90,694 

101,725 
196,131 
199,570 
845,370 

592,188 
417,070 
593, 180 
729,432 
802,253 


312,377 
100,881 
132,139 


5,834,215 
25,409 


19,615 
48,018 
81,132 
84,774 
82,537 

75,986 
128,429 
138,933 
397, 137 

184,467 
116,168 
147,089 
137,266 
105,893 


21,114 
3,994 
4,897 


1,822,337 


24,562 


1,146,950 
2,154,234 
4,765,216 
7,062,581 
9,758,253 

12,474,191 
31,270,695 
29,561,094 
47,621,929 

5,626,778 
2,308,530 
2,443,317 
2,020,299 
1,421,555 

(   372,495 

I   139,834 

160,592 

24,074 

4,077 


160,336,699 
144,993 


160,481,697 


11,126 
39,969 
71,780 
88,011 
95,036 

102,454 
199,416 
229,364 
853,185 

551,141 
404,406 
604,679 
735,213 
841,279 

359,342 
199,297 
364,894 
130,601 
149,702 


6,030,895 

25,120 


17,963 
45,531 
71,327 
76,550 
74,709 

71,350 
131,610 
128,569 
358,724 

165,038 
102,492 
127,927 
129,189 
105,539 

31,971 

14,334 

20,710 

5,124 

5,358 


1,093,015 
2,247,748 
5,003,951 
7,866,925 
10,830,063 

13,996,835 
30,717,185 
23,861,823 
31,515,233 

4,175,514 
1,855,309 
2,053,211 
1,768,317 
1,256,903 

330,615 
133,105 
164,845 
27,827 
7,693 


138,956,127 
116,998 


139,073,125 


13,255 
44,003 
83,102 
38,256 
93,956 

101,619 
207,767 
227,541 
780, 146 

525,708 
398,190 
602,621 
758,936 
866,875 

386,392 
205,692 
408,322 
158,822 
179,203 


6,130,906 
26,793 


19,571 
44,154 
74,529 
77,866 
68,066 

66,922 
119,396 
126, 364 
318,921 

145,219 
92,049 
122,404 
126,715 
98,683 

31,302 
14,514 
23,040 
7,035 
6,148 


1,114,198 
2,288,944 
5,357,515 
8,253,360 
11,740,607 

14,578,344 
28,413,731 
i9, 170,123 
23,996,697 

3,593,899 
1,663,462 
1,742,438 
1,438,038 
964,043 

248,736 
93,689 
112,328 

13,066 
5,729 


124,798,953 
84,195 


124,383,148 


16,387 

55,742 

90,554 

108,496 

128,090 

119,276 
261,941 
226,052 
732,138 

446,940 
334,989 
485,815 
591,314 
671,926 

282,804 
156,844 
289,075 
110,833 
108,943 


5,218,206 
28,021 


16,964 
53,510 
83,989 
91,703 
79,073 

71,703 
135,397 
127,540 
303,637 

123,606 
81,961 

100,995 
99,397 
78,621 

25,386 

11,679 

15,370 

5,106 

5,415 


1,511,555 
16,275 


826,510 
2,635,294 


5,115,343 
8,689,482 
12,295,300 

14,986,787 
29,124,813 
19,849,534 
22,430,789 

3,408,527 
1,656,210 
1,740,103 
1,487,639 
1,036,658 

261,642 
110,022 
114,897 
18,247 

7,033 


125,814,826 
66, 576 


125,881,402 


9,967 
52,192 


77,767 
85,121 
90,802 

86,675 

183,714 
187,515 
643,704 

428,719 
322,247 
470,908 
601,495 
697,785 

315,007 
169,879 
300,382 
102,760 
112,999 


4,939,627 
31,273 


11,179 
49,095 


65,681 
59,229 
60,162 

53,935 
112,523 

95,717 
244,735 

113,620 
76,060 
93,092 
94,149 
78,294 

25,220 

12,301 

17,353 

5,493 

6,215 


1,279,044 

14,406 


1,037,379 
3,276,375 


6,503,166 
11,080,052 
15,017,923 

16,744,993 
27,869,323 
14,498,899 
11,454,941 

2,438,346 
1,335,786 
1,380,574 
1,089,868 
695,377 

169,356 
62,296 
68,106 

8,772 
3,140 


114,736,671 
67,076 


114,803,747 


13,837 
61,798 


92,637 
96,006 
105,857 

105,762 
207,702 
175,112 
615,424 

403,488 
307,659 
421,074 
479,275 
510,842 

202,748 
117,895 
199,634 

77,499 
84,071 


4,278,371 
16,819 


13,041 
53,537 


63, 533 
64,019 
62,898 

60,552 

99,829 

72,382 

201,061 

100,902 
66,414 
76,771 
73,091 
58,062 

17,709 

8,477 
12,653 
4,107 
6,161 


1,115,258 
10,156 


1,164,941 
3,738,859 


7,629,891 
11,999,384 
14,674,070 

14,458,092 

20,707,132 

9,793,932 

8,667,136 

2,057,229 

1,131,172 

1,210,667 

955,150 

630,800 

148,021 
53,200 
61,620 
10,648 

2,031 


99,144,074 
29,585 


99,173,659 


8,535 
59,667 


81,931 
89,860 
95,006 

103,472 
178,881 
174,753 
545,815 

352,637 
257,682 
356,406 
393,093 
420,466 

168,684 
84,603 

162,371 
72,273 
59,255 


3,670,587 
3,270 


3,313 
44,087 


55,947 
59,111 
59,121 

57,108 
97,259 
66,734 

138,060 

96,714 
64,469 
79,432 
73,277 
60,866 

19,906 
3,039 

12,709 
6,420 
6,041 


1,064,219 
2,843 


1,067,062 


(Reported 
>      with 
dividends) 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1945-1954 


83 


Table  20.— SELECTED  SOURCES  OF  INCOME  BY  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME  CLASSES,  1945-1954— Continuod 


Adjusted  gross  income  classes 


BUSINESS  PROFIT 
Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 

Under  $500 

$500  under  $1,000 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,00C 

$1,000  under  $1,500^ 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$';,000  under  $5,000^ 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income 

Grand  total 

PARTNERSHIP  PROFIT 
Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 

Under  $500 

$500  under  $1,000 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500' 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 

$2,500  under  $3,000 

$3,000  under  $4,000 

$4,000  under  $5,000^ 

$5,000  under  $10,000 

$10,000  under  $15,000 

$15,000  under  $20,000 

$20,000  under  $30,000 

$30,000  under  $50,000 

$50,000  under  $100,000 

$100,000  under  $150,000 

$150,000  under  $200,000 

$200,000  under  $500,000 

$500,000  under  $1,000,000 

$1,000,000  or  more 

Total 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income 

Grand  total 

RENTS  AND  ROYALTIES  NET  INCOME 
Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 

Under  $500 

$500  under  $1,000 

Under  $600 

$600  under  $1,000 

$1,000  under  $1,500^ 

$1,500  under  $2,000 

$2,000  under  $2,500 


$2,500  under  $3,000.. 
$3,000  under  $4,000. . 
$4,000  under  $5,000'. 
$5,000  under  $10,000. 


$10,000  under  $15,000.. 
$15,000  under  $20,000.. 
$20,000  under  $30,000.. 
$30,000  under  $50,000.. 
$50,000  under  $100,000. 


$100,000  under  $150,000... 
$150,000  under  $200,000... 
$200,000  under  $500,000... 
$500,000  under  $1,000,000. 
$1,000,000  or  more 


Total 

Returns  with  no  adjusted  gross  income. 
Grand  total 


(Thousand  dot  lor %} 


HO, 3m 

351,725 
727,315 
874,895 
982,191 

1,068,887 
2,030,897 
1,659,320 
4,587,587 

2,214,822 
1,326,095 

1,447,476 

1,103,339 

546,550 

97,073 

25,205 

25,587 

4,815 

3,893 


19,218,571 
16,041 


15,958 
42,612 
78,154 
109,592 
139,110 

195,356 

499,378 

524,379 

1,918,999 

1,188,504 

795,926 

1,106,191 

1,085,314 

845,897 

226,849 

76,267 

97,570 

18,696 

9,141 


9,004,043 


41,127 
104,290 
188,819 
187,277 
179,  552 

159,779 
257,957 
279,887 
826,065 

331,573 
189,840 
243,355 
225,645 
168,164 

54,837 
16,968 
23,660 

7,544 
11,577 


3,497,917 
38,375 


3,536,292 


122,992 
314,182 
669,833 
899,563 
990,469 

1,117,768 
2,161,646 
1,738,647 
4,437,881 

2,073,531 

1,244,881 

1,290,636 

965,832 

472,823 


28,707 
3,950 
3,622 


18,646,959 
30,740 


28,178 
41,165 
122,912 
136,585 
191,775 

189,498 

468,679 

543,540 

1,907,899 

1,114,341 

786,303 

1,071,845 

1,019,460 

754,121 

287,404 

83,977 
7,504 
9,238 


45,824 
124,392 
222,799 
202,593 
177,305 

156,324 
326,818 
286,877 
825,030 

334,700 
207,280 
226,338 
218,637 
157,403 

55,024 

22,779 
7,812 
7,638 


3,605,573 
53,693 


105,506 
300,727 
672,572 
922,504 
995,599 

1,137,327 
1,994,450 
1,608,172 
4,087,451 

1,952,696 
1,207,256 
1,338,082 
1,105,699 
563,419 


37,901 
8,703 
4,537 


18,180,679 
14,314 


19,096 
30,079 
99,112 
122,307 
167,412 

208,154 

481,853 

523,664 

1,897,693 

1,118,743 
794,807 
995,687 

1,078,931 
824,082 


94,503 
12,179 
6,737 


1,799,142 
34,656 


50,957 
126,348 
205,770 
180,549 
193,229 

164,104 
298,717 
309,033 
703,866 

305,642 
182,740 
220,726 
205,145 
165,823 


30,245 

9,747 
9,457 


3,432,513 
56,583 


3,489,096 


110,282 
295,738 
728,071 
963,095 
1,143,414 

1,199,742 
2,137,886 
1,643,200 
3,845,706 

1,845,160 
1,111,531 
1,252,849 
1,030,518 
592,568 

120,833 

45,980 

49,098 

10, 149 

5,593 


18,131,463 
31,073 


16,706 
48,311 
96,867 
160,234 
200,335 

262,254 

588,258 

519,093 

1,737,359 

1,051,772 
705,792 
980,999 

1,075,101 
860, 375 

263,131 

120,821 
130,461 
22,340 
11,971 


,852,180 
18,865 


48,165 
122,690 
188,913 
184,474 
163,802 

178,832 
286,648 
269,209 
725,908 

275,666 
164,292 
203,403 
201,880 
157,566 

49,728 
24,002 
38,128 
10,807 
5,835 


3,299,948 
53,415 


3,353,363 


114,250 

324,004 

760,470 

1,028,688 

1,112,835 

1,148,598 
1,987,815 
1,512,663 
3,433,953 

1,672,108 
930,517 

1,124,333 
915,644 

518,650 

108,929 

45,033 

42,470 

10,005 

5,684 


16,846,649 
16,785 


21,497 
60,550 
141,159 
194,078 
258,331 

296,255 

590,004 

533,728 

.,671,464 

979,046 
655,394 
928,450 
945,936 
790, 584 

232,332 
104,599 
120, 174 
20,875 
9,513 


,554,469 
21,038 


8,575,507 


50,527 
123,492 
193,824 
191,576 
192,632 

168,665 
298,103 
274,183 
634,310 

266, 130 
157,472 
191,722 
136,746 
143,211 

46,093 

20,212 

31,614 

8,065 

5,028 


3,183,655 

40,797 


3,224,452 


142,904 
385,642 
875,216 

1,108,237 
1,177,748 

1,183,369 
1,873,273 
1,467,623 
3,208,082 

1,401,008 
803,714 
873,342 
646,875 
336,899 

62,852 

24,904 

27,131 

6,919 

7,352 


15,613,095 
16,451 


29,511 

78,898 

184,555 

247,548 

289,089 

301,493 

631,215 

568,877 

1,605,933 

908,351 
588,482 
778,884 
772,636 
596,882 

158,266 

66,021 

69,628 

12,524 

5,795 


7,894,590 
17,638 


7,912,228 


57,607 
141,386 
210,344 
196,083 
179,564 

175,012 
321,801 
271,163 
565,413 

239,904 
141,043 
164,552 
156,417 
115,131 

36,687 
18,466 
24,432 
6,563 
2,651 


3,024,215 
35,417 


76,949 
431,734 

863,773 
1,191,803 
1,242,922 

1,285,909 
2,113,114 
1,676,585 
3,824,338 

1,752,694 
998,677 

1,065,369 
809,288 
471,907 

97,849 
39,342 
43,201 
7,665 
9,802 


13,029,409 
19,360 


8,618 
61,416 


116,436 
178,756 
217,559 

272,664 
502,040 
531,716 
,596,027 

970,018 
676,680 
855,453 
871,434 
768,871 

212,467 

82,028 

97,443 

18,455 

5,782 


,043,862 
20,163 


8,064,025 


30,184 
123,187 


153,703 
152,144 
146,120 

133,420 
264,848 
202,593 
480,429 

212,988 
135,127 
159,037 
152,596 
121,802 

41,248 
18,526 
23,793 
10,975 
5,050 


2,572,772 
26, 650 


2,599,422 


95,729 
469,456 


927,023 
1,156,495 
1,297,021 

1,223,001 
2,056,996 
1,561,828 
3,553,866 

1,480,375 
790,126 
789,329 
562,105 
294,896 

55,609 

18,237 

25,951 

6,757 

5,684 


16,370,491 
10, 078 


14,828 
75,237 


157,358 
246,243 
325,522 

363,194 

701,011 

526,409 

1,651,083 

1,000,096 
678,497 
839,632 
733,330 
590,699 

145,297 
52,200 
57,732 
13,859 
4,555 


8,231,785 
16,797 


8,248,582 


43,155 
127,450 


144,671 
147,834 
151,639 

142,594 
258,636 
178,584 
392,360 

175,005 
100,992 
113,786 
98,054 
75,248 

20,541 
7,725 

15,739 
4,042 
2,035 


2,201,090 
25,579 


2,227,669 


93,703 
522,234 


962,166 
1,198,703 
1,270,771 

1,210,883 
1,974,603 
1,425,547 
3,292,959 

1,408,127 
786,973 
812,440 
592,011 
331,981 

66,553 
21,588 
25,239 
2,275 
4,569 


16,004,322 
7,005 


9,883 
57,430 


112,106 
185,085 
234,725 

299,286 

546,468 

457,915 

1,499,254 

1,022,357 
736,388 
916,083 
919,140 
735,452 

175,976 

73,504 

78,034 

14,394 

8,605 


8,083,097 
2,558 


8,085,655 


29,500 

113,590 


135,545 
135,913 
135,626 

142,956 
220,856 
148,711 
323, 549 

149,281 
87,128 
97,968 
81,982 
61,925 

15,717 
6,917 
12,333 

1,674 
2,548 


1,903,726 
8,658 


1,912,394 


104,131 
537,936 


891,498 
969,473 
959,734 

895,152 
1,427,700 
1,000,881 
2,456,694 

1,105,146 
542,021 
559,595 
483,745 
296,036 

68,579 
30,043 
32,631 
6,327 
4,700 


12,572,022 
11,462 


9,765 
57,731 


125,003 
162,895 
193,565 

232,466 
416,415 
369,608 
,315,963 

864,155 
539,952 
827,912 
351,198 

715,221 

197,847 
73,969 
92,958 
24,013 
3,148 


7,195,884 
12,852 


37,485 
126,913 


144,965 
128,525 
127,946 

125,403 
208,136 
131,424 
290,757 

123,609 
75,518 
81,306 
68,285 
50,391 

15,063 
6,962 

10,986 
1,257 
2,195 


1,753,131 
13,321 


1,771,452 


Excludes  wages  of  less  than  $100  per  return  from  which  no  income  tax  was  withheld,  reported  on  Form  1040A  or  W-2  as  other  income. 

For  1945,  this  class  includes  nontaxable  returns  with  income  exceeding  the  class  limit. 

For  1946-52,  this  class  includes  nontaxable  returns  with  income  exceeding  the  class  limit. 
'■Excludes  dividends  reported  on  Form  1040A  or  W-2,  and  for  1945-53  dividends  received  through  partnerships  and  fiduciaries.  For  1945,  includes  interest  reported  on  Form  1040. 
'Excludes  interest  of  less  than  $100  per  return  reported  on  Form  1040A  or  W-2. 


84 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1945-1954 


Table  21.— ITEMIZED  DEDUCTIONS  BV  TYPE,  1945-1954 


Itemized  dedactions 

1954 

1953 

1952 

1951 

1950 

1949 

1948 

1947 

1946 

1945 

(Thouiand  dotUra) 

Returns  with  adjusted  gross  income: 

3,201,287 
4,076,630 
3,891,173 
2,971,172 
87,960 

444,245 
2,730,760 

2,735,359 
3,639,153 
3,552,448 
2,391,339 

392,6a 
2,878,234 

2,221,353 
3,167,778 
3,114,739 
2,133,130 

367,517 
2,552,035 

(        (Not 
(available) 

1,494,928 

2,199,940 

2,258,009 

1    1,556,294 

306,572 
2,097,950 

1,224,004 
1,952,731 
2,029,550 
1,482,699 

227,596 
1,337,156 

1,000,439 
1,619,370 
1,878,080 
1,300,516 

241,569 
1,817,912 

913,922 
1,625,601 
1,969,641 
1,394,818 

250,426 
1,633,553 

738,364 
1,324,609 
1,633,151 
1,093,326 

178,096 
1,300,137 

694,782 

1,245,603 

1,448,208 

932,956 

- 

Losses  from  fire,    stoniij   other  casualty,   or 

152,476 

1,051,477 

Total 

17,403,227 

15,589,177 

13,556,552 

11,856,378 

9,913,693 

8,753,738 

7,857,838 

7,787,962 

6,277,683 

5,525,492 

3,255 
8,732 
1,374 
•4,276 

(M 
(M 

507 

4,117 
3,289 
4,169 
5,873 

(M 
(M 

6,123 
7,918 
1,744 
5,104 

5,905 

(        (Not 
(available) 

/              4,084 
1             5,376 
\             2,333 
1             4,164 

I              1,228 
\              2,021 

5,244 
3,186 
2,244 
5,111 

1,350 
3,734 

3,292 
8,208 
2,651 
3,711 

2,443 
10,843 

4,236 
5,954 
3,939 
3,307 

3,4-49 
4,746 

662 
1,846 

831 
1,405 

1,247 
6,025 

2,093 

3,777 

1,803 

2,820 

- 

Losses  from  fire,  stomi,  other  casualty,  or 

797 

1,748 

Total 

18,953 

25,416 

26,799 

26,456 

19,203 

25,871 

31,153 

25,682 

12,015 

13,044 

17,422,180 

15,614,595 

13,583,351 

11,882,834 

9,932,896 

8,779,609 

7,889,041 

7,813,644 

6,289,698 

5,538,536 

^Sample  varability  of  this  item  is  too  large  to  warrant  showing  it  separately.  However,  this  value  is  included  in  each  total. 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1945-1954 


85 


Table  22.— RETURNS  WITH  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME— NUMBER.  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME.  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES.  1945-1954 


States  and  Territories 


NUMBER  OF  HETUHNS 

Alabaica 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Florida^ 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentuct^ 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland^ 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  lork' 

North  Carol  ina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 

Puerto  Rico 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina 

South  Dakota 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington' 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 

Total 

ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME 

Alabama 

Arizona 

Arkansas 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia 

Florida' 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Kentucky  

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland^ 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  Yort' 

North  Carolina 

North  Dakota 

Ohio 

See  footnotes  at  end  of  table. 


713,389 
279,907 
390,897 
<, 733, 521 
522,393 

919,793 
1.10,208 
346,729 
1,093,433 
886,480 

196,816 

199,676 

3,664,301 

1,528,812 

949,318 

733,946 
797,181 
726,310 
337,301 
1,084,152 

1,946,708 
2,631,029 
1,109,306 
336,270 
1,443,093 

218,442 

497,166 

89,406 

215,998 

2,140,475 

211,876 
6,347,819 
1,102,039 

200,647 
3,218,821 

663,978 

578,796 

4,115,703 

21,325 

317,935 

518,343 
224,952 
908,671 
2,536,573 
247,331 

128,901 
1,105,919 

982,470 

568,245 
1,324,829 

108,252 


56,305,881 


731,401 
269,193 
399,806 
4,640,312 
527,275 

932,475 

142,296 

358,314 

1,051,866 

920,035 

200,739 

200,197 

3,780,956 

1,582,879 

960,696 

74^,285 
823,859 
745,188 
341,047 
1,220,258 

2,013,356 
2,706,164 
1,136,124 
345,964 
1,467,128 

221,685 

501,474 

84,721 

222,857 

2,191,420 

211,922 
6,510,765 
1,099,125 

201,670 
3,365,384 

674,504 

582,873 

4,261,351 

(') 
333,802 

525,688 
220,008 
928 ,  575 
2,492,889 
243,910 

133,947 
1,100,376 

994,502 

607,584 
1,353,327 

111,093 


57,422,765 


710,102 
263,008 
384,317 
4,598,269 
509,876 

903,371 
139,153 
397,855 
979,277 
884,131 

198,799 

204,223 

3,702,881 

1,560,771 

956,125 

735,424 
800,819 
706,734 
341,265 
1,240,098 

2,010,392 
2,550,755 
1,114,900 
331,583 
1,432,531 

219,313 
502,089 
82,165 
216,777 
2,117,199 

204,076 
6,435,701 
1,067,239 

211,000 
3,254,058 

652,877 

586,167 

4,217,689 

(*) 

331,571 

514,812 
221,491 
873,469 
2,454,639 
249,544 

132,687 
1,082,020 

979,781 

610,803 
1,335,781 

106,711 


56,316,869 


706,228 
235,389 
366,990 
4,290,151 
501,563 

896,247 
134,674 
371,578 
904,277 
844,144 

189,836 

199,127 

3,711,052 

1,521,399 

953,011 

709,666 
781,023 
674,174 
328,614 
1,309,272 

1,965,876 
2,555,269 
1,082,642 
320,712 
1,398,118 

213,104 

502,962 

69,903 

216,956 

2,089,995 

194,157 
6,299,130 
1,034,528 

203,780 
3,207,570 

675,187 

574,454 

4,180,537 

{') 

335,221 

490,804 
222,991 
856,721 
2,374,600 
241,693 

131,591 

1,001,078 
953,480 
589,091 

1,319,702 
106,318 


55,041,685 


634,960 
214,002 
344,316 
4,078,066 
471,209 

870,345 
128,079 
373,762 
822,036 
770,782 

179,871 

191,116 

3,593,433 

1,464,200 

938,132 

669,904 
715,431 
637,844 
320,488 
1,152,059 

1,931,414 
2,477,041 
1,076,359 
291,822 
1,345,958 

208,597 

478,657 

65,544 

210,103 

2,003,440 

179,164 

6,123,930 

953,858 

198,529 

3,065,256 

606,613 

552,769 

4,060,469 

(') 

327,753 

452,555 
215,239 
804,601 
2,237,638 
225,356 

125,495 
956,580 
910,934 
599,684 
1,285,947 
101,191 


52,664,631 


610,931 
203,174 
326,192 
3,998,611 
459,267 

326,426 
120,793 
396,604 
770,284 
725,497 

182,803 

187,650 

3,619,255 

1,409,222 

954,663 

654,528 
679,542 
623,020 
322,300 
1,104,545 

1,902,361 
2,333,558 
1,054,193 
282,472 
1,358,024 

210,026 

475,954 

61,605 

201,461 

1,941,010 

175,767 

6,106,261 

906,710 

217,305 

2,977,078 

500,921 

541,639 

3,974,815 

(') 

321,003 

423,338 
214,937 
771,083 
2,124,368 
216,304 

127,061 
917,380 
906,292 
596,393 
1,267,743 
101,625 


51,499,609 


616,539 
206,128 
304,152 
4,060,087 
440,969 

871,497 
122,255 
339,450 
749,657 
741,220 

182,227 

190,204 

3,690,962 

1,441,605 

923,294 

645,843 
713,550 
619,475 
336,902 
958,698 

1,947,309 
2,410,194 
1,066,112 
281,508 
1,287,540 

210,143 

466,438 

63,581 

211,073 

1,993,768 

155,756 

6,203,398 

901,457 

198,521 

3,090,503 

577,105 

557,588 

4,073,136 

(') 

331,699 

424,012 
212,645 
769,354 
2,037,366 
221,326 

131,103 
905,559 
902,157 
618,189 
1,285,103 
99,279 


51,788,146 


643,182 

215,398 

330,597 

4,536,857 

491,025 

924,812 
126,584 
431,551 
773,670 
752,365 

205,054 

208,128 

3,871,396 

1,489,451 

948,755 

677,835 
726,498 
653,422 
344,861 
950,502 

2,040,169 
2,707,237 
1,113,143 
293,530 
1,395,876 

213,085 

503,212 

72,909 

220,524 

2,061,055 

154,001 

6,537,319 

918,643 

201,455 

3,213,254 

625,253 
616,911 
4,193,136 
(') 
342,760 

454,974 
213,445 
795,462 
2,243,691 
232,765 

133,032 
918,801 

1,018,941 
611,357 

1,332,645 
96,535 


54,809,740 


609,799 
201,375 
317,400 
4,382,029 
439,460 

904,255 
122,107 
418,468 
721,943 

753,773 

191,218 

192,884 

3,711,832 

1,425,205 

916,945 

637,397 
670,579 
639,996 
326,599 
913,281 

1,998,784 
2,444,609 
1,080,195 
288,542 
1,342,278 

203,050 

453,480 

71,079 

214,420 

2,023,646 

145,943 

5,343,055 

910,445 

188,034 

3,106,666 

593,569 

553,967 

4,127,644 

(') 

339,075 

402,279 
195,414 

755,103 

2,111,121 

224,578 

131,297 
861,239 
997,732 
573,963 
1,279,962 
90,191 


52,579,956 


(Thousand  dollars) 


2,445,188 
1,133,078 
1,221,340 
22,023,493 
2,137,817 

4,330,913 
559,777 
1,474,718 
4,069,109 
3,149,890 

719,347 

750,695 

16,597,198 

5,103,459 

3,276,360 

2,748,186 
2,772,582 
2,800,016 
1,031,944 
4,531,032 

7,553,935 
12,194,265 
4,077,055 
1,076,518 
5,494,835 

840,252 

1,656,113 

410,893 

750,875 

9,626,661 

804,415 

23,907,625 

3,591,944 

552,491 
13,985,208 


2,451,310 

1,065,139 

1,178,792 

20,861,528 

2,072,905 

4,275,315 
591,070 
1,488,832 
3,807,180 
3,080,357 

705,874 

676,761 

16,558,187 

6,309,457 

3,282,905 

2,687,459 
2,783,890 
2,731,283 
1,066,856 
4,323,309 

7,309,602 
12,619,118 
4,010,779 
1,058,530 
5,539,955 

811,541 

1,703,596 

358,385 

750,947 

9,623,391 

805,671 

28,338,061 

3,503,692 

581,462 
14,793,481 


2,287,310 
1,028,023 
1,064,449 
20,100,403 
1,924,615 

3,901,967 
652,433 
1,666,677 
3,447,667 
3,040,741 

662,698 

685,693 

15,797,279 

5,855,932 

3,098,004 

2,556,368 
2,625,929 
2,515,010 
1,036,442 
4,716,487 

7,494,638 
10,347,852 
3,911,846 
1,012,679 
5,181,397 

784,291 

1,636,387 

365,899 

553,649 

8,855,507 

792,097 

25,946,431 

3,358,545 

591,704 
13,298,984 


2,247,438 
853,869 

1,075,003 
17,781,044 
1,800,684 

3,656,371 
603,774 
1,455,473 
3,058,460 
2,670,353 

653,248 

669,047 

15,291,223 

5,542,162 

3,057,144 

2,372,300 
2,389,552 
2,307,393 
924,022 
4,523,162 

6,382,364 

10,414,660 

3,608,219 

954,077 

4,839,219 

772,597 

1,648,425 

277,413 

657,231 

8,256,719 

696,934 

25,421,567 

3,150,874 

617,192 
12,579,855 


1,836,199 

747,769 

948,913 

15,558,376 

1,609,065 

3,219,023 
545,893 
1,413,048 
2,594,907 
2,303,074 

583,615 

580,309 

13,469,090 

4,815,972 

2,887,395 

2,075,564 
2,116,509 
2,079,747 
847,446 
3,817,212 

6,309,165 
9,204,619 
3,429,054 
820,156 
4,346,393 

694,052 

1,474,351 

257,323 

578,200 

7,307,069 

620,901 

22,977,515 

2,759,007 

549,467 

10,711,935 


1,634,742 

642,640 

859,742 

13,978,169 

1,454,809 

2,651,537 
448,332 
1,376,898 
2,263,498 
2,064,459 

540,358 

529,931 

12,510,306 

4,374,124 

2,735,521 

1,888,733 
1,829,511 
1,895,155 
781,219 
3,381,243 

5,912,113 
7,760,425 
2,993,559 
743,415 
4,152,012 

629,115 

1,356,295 

207,747 

515,591 

6,453,503 

531,172 

21,202,910 

2,335,044 

565,172 
9,636,409 


1,679,746 

660,433 

308,796 

14,307,829 

1,333,092 

2,901,236 
435,791 
1,128,555 
2,184,806 
2,060,766 

586,944 

519,785 

12,959,004 

4,364,014 

2,736,718 

1,948,127 
1,934,941 
1,841,078 
825,415 
3,036.471 

5,949,383 
8,175,360 
3,071,555 
743,541 
3,784,449 

664,243 

1,402,937 

217,275 

565,176 

5,628,354 

472,944 

21,437,148 

2,359,574 

610,211 
10,095,554 


1,523,984 

564,075 

758,538 

13,248,199 

1,285,356 

2,683,657 
402,502 
1,276,150 
1,979,727 
1,834,569 

585,771 

486,531 

11,839,400 

3,970,315 

2,573,459 

1,829,340 
1,754,365 
1,662,1% 
746,701 
2,694,318 

5,324,044 
7,330,259 
2,936,738 
673,561 
3,502,099 

593,857 

1,348,932 

229,985 

505,288 

6,036,480 

391,122 
20,015,459 
2,098,719 

545,809 
9,053,107 


1,322,550 

490,704 

671,122 

12,420,324 

1,052,470 

2,409,751 
369,825 
1,153,335 
1,925,713 
1,794,224 

477,568 

443,330 

10,314,057 

3,459,564 

2,153,414 

1,502,964 
1,453,125 
1,485,555 
670,226 
2,412,911 

5,008,564 
6,332,542 
2,448,952 
602,284 
3,217,094 

490,014 

1,133,081 

212,170 

457,343 

5,523,596 

343,841 

18,577,158 

1,945,057 

437,914 
7,994,633 


605,871 
184,246 
310,517 
4,083,251 
403,785 

837,399 
107,709 
386,412 
690,505 
751,585 

190,431 

180,678 

3,471,774 

1,333,572 

837,040 

638,076 
635,437 
635,453 
311,807 
873,857 

1,858,647 

2,273,787 

992,060 

298,510 

1,308,035 

185,907 

460,076 

65,174 

194,999 

1,981,047 

140,033 

6,063,750 

842,833 

175,955 

2,953,543 

571,7% 
518,109 
3,872,854 
(') 
315,963 

400,838 
192,316 
695,825 
1,983,628 
214,841 

113,448 
817,140 
959,567 
545,803 
1,209,941 
82,206 


49,769,196 


1,210,859 

426,052 

592,339 

10,989,863 

949,265 

2,178,897 

299,012 

993,047 

1,559,373 

1,546,107 

522,070 

376,559 

9,026,694 

3,160,005 

1,775,146 

1,348,436 
1,294,558 
1,350,598 
618,253 
2,148,457 

4,594,761 
5,748,698 
2,145,778 
570,858 
2,820,759 

409,214 
980,087 
177,485 
392,882 
5,225,042 

294,776 
16,816,795 
1,623,637 

350,539 
7,287,283 


INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1945-1954 


Table  22.— RETURNS  WITH  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME— NUMBRR,  ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCOME,  AND  INCOME  TAX,  BY  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES.  1945-lflS4— Continued 


States  and  Territories 


(Thousand  dollars) 


ADJUSTED  GROSS  INCCME— Continued 


Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania. 
Puerto  Rico. . 
Rhode  Island . 


South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota . . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 


Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington' .. . 
West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin 

%oroing 


Total . 


INCOME  TAX  LIABILITY  {AFTER  CREDITS) 


Alabama .... 

Arizona 

Arkansas . . . 
California. 
Colorado . . . 


Connecticut 

Delaware 

District  of  Columbia . 

Florida^ 

Georgia 


Hawaii . . . 
Idaho. . . . 

Illinois. 
Indiana. . 
Iowa 


Kansas .... 
Kentucky . . 
Louisiana. 

Maine 

Maryland^ . 


Massachusetts. 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 


Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire . 
New  Jersey. . . . 


New  Mexico 

New  York^ 

North  Carolina. 
North  Dakota. . . 
Ohio 


Oklahoma 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania . 
Puerto  Rico. . 
Rhode  Island . 


South  Carolina. 
South  Dakota. . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 


Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington' . . . 
West  Virginia. 

Wisconsin 

Wyoming 


Total 26,707,201 


2,i40,907 

2,426,682 

2,259,852 

2,209,293 

1,925,065 

1,713,487 

1,719,212 

1,529,733 

1,336,871 

1,211,284 

2,427,856 

2,290,259 

2,316,087 

2,228,677 

2,004,399 

1,781,983 

1,835,879 

1,664,988 

1,454,319 

1,314,582 

16,167,247 

16,851,700 

15,877,555 

15,140,296 

13,420,151 

12,094,363 

12,656,320 

11,303,195 

10,074,916 

9,137,829 

54,759 

(') 

(') 

(') 

(') 

(') 

C) 

C) 

C) 

(') 

1,145,238 

1,213,827 

1,183,436 

1,130,209 

1,055,155 

902,320 

1,025,377 

919,538 

824,923 

742,535 

1,697,197 

1,739,783 

1,714,230 

1,500,042 

1,306,858 

1,114,879 

1,056,583 

1,023,441 

872,048 

765,464 

653,976 

631,981 

600,477 

626,089 

557,863 

540,617 

596,537 

545,223 

437,344 

347,498 

3,115,501 

3,121,764 

2,828,368 

2,690,510 

2,376,817 

2,155,940 

2,041,261 

1,865,052 

1,675,853 

1,413,075 

10,248,638 

9,636,925 

9,297,753 

3,793,470 

7,374,215 

6,863,925 

6,482,687 

5,850,745 

5,131,712 

4,492,619 

916,952 

930,959 

909,692 

347,179 

712,171 

630,231 

653,441 

601,185 

518,138 

474,067 

395,251 

381,610 

387,605 

384,539 

352,663 

307,216 

331,730 

292,559 

257,371 

214,858 

4,040,840 

3,889,100 

3,721,293 

3,271,159 

2,927,108 

2,606,750 

2,568,408 

2,271,229 

1,943,521 

1,709,765 

4,263,326 

4,140,917 

3,963,940 

3,789,088 

3,254,719 

2,949,863 

2,970,439 

2,304,714 

2,495,347 

2,329,276 

1,909,683 

2,063,685 

2,065,157 

1,837,849 

1,727,911 

1,620,262 

1,730,239 

1,539,024 

1,254,981 

1,143,302 

5,008,957 

5,163,817 

4,985,584 

4,706,494 

4,116,769 

3,764,343 

3,802,274 

3,392,629 

3,003,996 

2,713,434 

405,817 

437,277 

412,350 

399,292 

353,090 

327,103 

320,222 

281,391 

226,444 

198,750 

230,401,432 

229,952,507 

216,939,912 

203,338,874 

180,064,994 

162,209,696 

164,272,520 

150,326,429 

134,232,475 

120,183,733 

223,474 

250,142 

231,192 

211,212 

148,496 

116,224 

121,400 

147,328 

129,357 

134,976 

122,154 

123,797 

128,313 

97,987 

74,310 

50,452 

55,947 

59,622 

51,344 

55,000 

112,351 

109,740 

100,262 

95,093 

74,320 

57,636 

63,875 

72,768 

68,731 

63,215 

2,712,536 

2,836,356 

2,761,782 

2,320,749 

1,739,734 

1,373,923 

1,483,005 

1,744,077 

1,663,781 

1,764,266 

242,683 

257,037 

250,542 

209,202 

160,012 

128,524 

124,155 

150,660 

124,269 

131,725 

579,527 

621,055 

593,247 

499,452 

379,930 

267,465 

309,598 

358,789 

317,093 

341,245 

122,882 

128,749 

124,124 

113,465 

110,057 

77,209 

72,369 

73,909 

66,368 

62,637 

198,493 

219,126 

249,113 

205,066 

170,054 

141,467 

124,884 

167,712 

153,100 

158,284 

441,261 

450,395 

408,481 

347,360 

254,167 

138,663 

192,187 

233,665 

252,429 

256,002 

310,837 

322,706 

340,067 

270,254 

192,170 

161,959 

161,964 

203,838 

192,335 

186,806 

73,664 

82,129 

80,683 

72,761 

54,964 

47,120 

57,618 

69,937 

53,168 

84,330 

68,057 

68,342 

77,978 

64,198 

44,927 

39,354 

38,408 

49,056 

41,454 

41,483 

2,131,725 

2,343,043 

2,215,931 

2,000,619 

1,511,346 

1,226,823 

1,344,871 

1,578,607 

1,342,554 

1,359,845 

684,031 

792,854 

710,958 

623,066 

449,731 

371,821 

374,381 

446,091 

372,151 

404,739 

324,799 

358,389 

331,511 

304,518 

247,277 

207,742 

216,959 

284,944 

216,778 

209,777 

285,953 

307,052 

306,250 

248,399 

191,037 

155,623 

173,592 

204,776 

156,244 

165,636 

279,260 

305,518 

285,662 

232,064 

178,429 

132,687 

145,904 

178,268 

144,358 

145,151 

301,572 

321,701 

310,305 

254,285 

201,705 

167,711 

170,322 

179,684 

159,774 

171,090 

94,161 

110,151 

110,076 

86,170 

65,225 

56,381 

59,554 

71,607 

64,681 

72,621 

511,408 

595,562 

596,218 

512,850 

367,626 

290,284 

279,058 

314,292 

280,951 

301,693 

861,447 

1,014,510 

980,446 

830,396 

650,438 

518,417 

543,751 

639,973 

599,115 

665,426 

1,523,997 

1,772,474 

1,470, '551 

1,287,949 

968,137 

700,399 

752,115 

837,662 

712,855 

804,959 

428,629 

472,187 

457,051 

378,824 

299,539 

238,292 

267,983 

321,326 

257,035 

273,639 

93,956 

97,173 

97,146 

86,585 

66,758 

53,677 

56,054 

66,656 

58,709 

63,495 

636,757 

734,844 

631,645 

581,951 

438,202 

351,445 

347,794 

426,254 

371,454 

378,763 

89,707 

94,791 

90,524 

84,505 

63,894 

51,468 

56,269 

66,661 

52,176 

43,520 

176,026 

194,096 

183,130 

177,406 

135,422 

109,937 

121,768 

154,795 

124,482 

123,919 

55,585 

49,767 

52,654 

39,455 

32,262 

22,506 

25,796 

30,688 

30,962 

30,566 

74,769 

87,626 

72,411 

66,059 

49,158 

38,463 

42,075 

53,480 

46,751 

47,393 

1,166,222 

1,275,118 

1,166,757 

998,208 

742,837 

590,326 

615,496 

720,213 

551,721 

737,972 

82,691 

91,501 

94,464 

77,542 

57,740 

45,204 

40,598 

42,088 

35,234 

34, 3U 

3,643,412 

3,851,980 

3,656,252 

3,315,250 

2,626,329 

2,137,040 

2,265,751 

2,702,269 

2,513,095 

2,743,072 

304,673 

330,854 

327,289 

283,634 

218,691 

165,890 

177,614 

201,703 

190,630 

131,173 

45,446 

53,685 

53,426 

56,000 

41,173 

37,986 

47,331 

57,856 

39,588 

36,705 

1,670,881 

2,024,999 

1,794,080 

1,550,625 

1,087,976 

879,644 

949,747 

1,079,062 

925,025 

1,015,220 

257,366 

276,194 

267,793 

230,307 

180,553 

136,048 

153,119 

154,120 

125,451 

137,486 

270,500 

290,606 

302,123 

273,303 

205,952 

162,938 

179,362 

202,580 

131,532 

193,654 

1,871,750 

2,185,934 

2,055,379 

1,797,449 

1,344,389 

1,073,079 

1,145,176 

1,340,819 

1,143,927 

1,275,957 

1,230 

(') 

C) 

{') 

(') 

(*) 

(') 

(') 

(') 

(') 

133,240 

154,676 

152,007 

138,096 

109,031 

78,973 

101,231 

112,729 

100,905 

103,643 

140,929 

161,242 

177,746 

135,665 

101,903 

75,146 

72 ,  509 

90,511 

80,812 

78,993 

55,392 

59,375 

56,670 

54,347 

40,509 

36,833 

45,329 

59,443 

40,141 

34,301 

297,279 

332,233 

300,640 

271,546 

210,346 

158,539 

156,520 

194,432 

181,932 

173,584 

1,208,671 

1,223,160 

1,222,734 

1,102,785 

882,519 

673,383 

684,526 

721,707 

619,742 

609,637 

83,989 

99,119 

92,647 

75,732 

53,033 

42,750 

43,489 

54,193 

47,016 

51,630 

33,979 

38,227 

37,008 

34,380 

26,871 

21,774 

23,562 

28,439 

22,593 

24,229 

415,799 

443,127 

427,054 

346,541 

253,349 

203,112 

205,210 

240,012 

203,099 

210,710 

500,075 

541,342 

530,356 

472,971 

335,349 

271,847 

290,582 

338,268 

294,913 

328,913 

184,974 

209,892 

219,542 

168,267 

132,030 

109,570 

123,794 

150,393 

112,489 

113,312 

531,899 

631,280 

605,472 

524,133 

.  384,750 

303,588 

313,340 

373,185 

317,496 

337,027 

45,083 

51,410 

51,524 

48,911 

34,327 

28,461 

29,368 

32,328 

23,996 

25,603 

26,707,201 

29,447,266 

27,889,716 

24,268,092 

18,389,534 

14,580,808 

15,459,310 

18,084,485 

16,062,353 

17,005,431 

^Includes  Canal  Zone. 

^For  1951  and  prior  years,  includes  all  returns  from  Puerto  Rico  and  Virgin  Islands  and  for  1952  part  of  such  returns. 

^Includes  part  of  the  returns  from  Puerto  Rico  and  Virgin  Islands  for  1952  and  all  such  returns  for  1953. 

*See  notes  2  and  3. 

'includes  Alaska. 


Synopsis  of 
Tax  Laws  for 


Individual  Income 


INCOME  AND  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX  LAW  TABLES 

Income  tax :  Page 

A.  Requirement  for  filing  return  and  exemptions 89 

B.  Income  tax  rates 90 

Self-employment  tax : 

C  Requirement  for  filing  return  and  tax  rate 91 

88 


SYNOPSIS  OF  LAWS 

Table  A.— REQUIREMENT  FOR  FILING  RETURN  AND  EXEMPTIONS  UNDER  THE  INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  LAW,  1946-64' 


89 


Income 
year^ 

Gross  income 

requirement 

for  filing 

return-' 

Exemptions* 

For  married 
couple  filing 
joint  return^ 

For  single 
person,  head 
of  household, 

surviving 
spouse,'  and 

married 

person  filing 

a  separate 

return 

For  each 
dependent  "^ 

Additional* 

Federal  income  tax  law 
(date  of  enactment) 

For  age 
65  or 
older 

For 
blind- 
ness 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of  195-;  (Aug.  16,  igS-i) 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1939  amended  by- 
Revenue  Act  of  1951  (Oct.  20,  1951)  

Revenue  Act  of  1950  (Sept.  23,  1950) 

Revenue  Act  of  1948  (Apr.  2,  1948) 

Revenue  Act  of  1945  (Nov.  8,  1945) 

Individual  Income  Tax  Act  of  1944  (May  29,  1944).. 

1954 

1948-53 . . 
1  1945-47.. 

Dollars 

600 

600 

500 

Dollars 

1,200 

1,200 
'1,000 

Dollars 

600 

600 
500 

Dollars 

600 

600 
i°500 

Dollars 

600 

600 

Dollars 

600 

600 

^This  table  relates  only  to  citizens  and  resident  aliens  of  the 
United  States.  For  income  years  prior  to  1945,  see  Statistics  of 
Income   for  1950,   Part   1,   pages  308-309. 

^Returns  are  permitted  for  fiscal  years  also  except  on  Form  W-2 
for  1945-47  or  on  Form  1040A  for  1948  and  subsequent  years . 

^Gross  income  includes  all  gains,  profits,  and  income,  derived 
from  whatever  source  except  income  that  is  specifically  exempt 
from  income  tax. 

The  amount  of  income  for  which  married  persons  are  required  to 
file  a  return  is  the  separate  gross  income  of  husband  or  wife. 
Husband  and  wife  file  separate  returns  unless  they  elect  to  com- 
bine their  income  and  file  a  joint  return.  A  joint  return  may  be 
filed  even  though  one  spouse  has  no  income.  For  1948  and  there- 
after, a  joint  return  is  permitted  if  one  spouse  dies  during  the 
year  and  the  survivor  does  not  remarry.  A  joint  return  is  not 
allowed  if  either  spouse  is  a  nonresident  alien  or  if  husband  and 
wife  have  different  tax  years.  The  marital  status  is  determined 
as  of  the  last  day  of  the  income  year  or  as  of  the  date  of  death 
if  one  spouse  dies  during  the  year. 

A  person  with  less  than  the  required  amount  of  gross  income, 
which  includes  wages  subject  to  withholding  of  income  tax,  should 
file  a  return  to  claim  refund  of  tax  withheld  unless  such  income 
is  included  in  a  joint  return.  Also,  an  individual  with  less  than 
the  indicated  amount  of  gross  income  should  file  to  claim  refund 
of  any  payments  made  on  declaration  of  estimated  tax. 

For  filing  requirement  of  Individuals  having  net  earnings  of 
$400  or  more  from  self-employment  after  Dec .  31, 1950,  see  table  C . 

*Exemption  for  the  taxpayer  and  additional  exemptions  for  age 
and  blindness  are  determined  from  the  marital  status  at  the  close 
of  the  year  (or  at  death  of  a  spouse),  but  exemption  for  dependents 
is  determined  from  tests  regarding  gross  income, support,  and  other 
qualifications.  No  proration  of  exemption  is  required  because  of 
death  during  the  year  of  a  taxpayer,  his  spouse,  or  a  dependent. 

Exemptions  are  termed  "normal-tax  exemption"  and  "surtax  exemp- 
tion" for  1945  and  "exemption"  for  1946  and  thereafter. 

Exemptions  are  allowed  as  a  credit  against  net  income  for  both 
normal  tax  and  surtax  prior  to  1954,  except  as  stated  in  notes  9 
and  10  for  the  year  1945.  For  1954,  exemptions  are  allowed  as  a 
deduction  in  computing  taxable  income , 


'a  citizen  whose  gross  income  is  principally  from  sources  with- 
in a  possession  of  the  United  States,  even  though  filing  a  joint 
return, is  allowed  only  one  exemption  of  $500  for  1945-47  and  $600 
for  1948  and  thereafter. 

'Head  of  household  status  applicable  for  tax  years  beginning 
after  Oct.  31,1951  and  surviving  spouse  status  applicable  for  tax 
years  beginning  after  Dec.  31,  1953. 

''An  exemption  for  a  dependent  is  allowed  each  closely  related 
dependent  specified  by  law,  over  half  of  whose  support  was  received 
from  the  taxpayer  and  whose  gross  income  for  the  tax  year  was  less 
than  $500  for  1945-50,  or  less  than  $600  for  1951-53. 

For  1954,  exemption  is  allowed  for  a  dependent  over  half  of  whose 
support  was  provided  by  the  taxpayer  and  whose  gross  income  was  less 
than  $600,  except  that  the  gross  income  test  is  disregarded  in  the 
case  of  a  child  who  is  under  19  years  or  who  was  a  student.  If 
the  dependency  tests  are  otherwise  met,  certain  specified  related 
dependents  may  live  outside  the  taxpayer's  household,  but  any  other 
dependent  must  live  in  the  taxpayer's  home.  An  exception  to  the 
support  test  for  a  dependent  is  made  under  the  multiple  support 
agreement  provision. 

Dependents  must  be  either  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  or  a 
resident  of  the  United  States,  Mexico,  Canada, or  for  1954  a  resi- 
dent of  Panama  or  Canal  Zone, or  a  resident  of  the  Republic  of  the 
Phillipines  who  was  born  to  or  adopted  by  a  serviceman  before 
July  5,  1946. 

Credit  for  dependent  is  not  allowable  to  citizens  whose  gross 
income  is  principally  from  sources  within  a  possession  of  the 
United  States . 

^Additional  exemptions  are  allowed  only  to  the  taxpayer  and,  if 
a  joint  return  is  filed,  his  spouse. 

'Each  spouse  is  allowed  $500  "surtax  exemption" and  $500  "normal- 
tax  exemption,"  except  that  for  1945  where  the  adjusted  gross  in- 
come of  one  spouse  was  less  than  $500,  the  combined  "normal-tax 
exemption" was  the  sum  of  the  adjusted  gross  income  of  such  spouse 
and  the  $500  exemption  of  the  other  spouse. 

"^Exemption  for  each  dependent  is  a  "surtax  exemption"  for  1945 
and  allowed  against  net  income  for  surtax  purposes  only. 


90 


SYNOPSIS  OF  LAWS 


Table 

B.— MINIMUM  AND  MAXIMUM  INCOME  TAX  RATES  UNDER  INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  LAW,  1945-54' 

Tax  rate^ 

Surtax  rate'  for — 

Combined 
tax  and 

normal 
surtax 

Lowest  bracket  of 

Highest  bracket  of 

rates^ 

at — 

surtax  income,  not 
over — 

surtax  income, 
over — 

(a)  $2,000  for 

(a)  $200,000  for 

Maximum 

Federal  income  tax  law 

Income  year^ 

married  person 

married  person 

rate 

(date  of  enactment) 

Normal 
tax  rate*^ 

filing  separately, 

filing  separately, 

Lowest 

Highest 

limita- 

and  single  person 

and  single  person 

bracket 

bracket 

tioni" 

(b)  $2,000  for 

(b)  $300,000  for 
head  of  household* 

of  surtax  of  surtax 

head  of  household* 

income 

income 

(c)  $4,000  for 

(o)  $400,000  for 

married  couple 

married  couple 

filing  jointly,' 

filing  jointly,'' 

and  surviving 

and  surviving 

spouse' 

spouse' 

Percent 

Percent 

Percent 

Percent 

Percent 

Percent 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of 

Calendar  year  1954 

- 

- 

- 

20.0 

91.0 

87.0 

1954  (Aug.  16,  1954). 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of 

1939  amended  by — 

Calendar  years  1952-53 

) 

Revenue  Act  of  1951 

Fiscal  years  beginning  after 
Oct.  31,  1951  and  ending 

3.0 

19.2 

89.0 

22.2 

92.0 

88.0 

(Oct.  20,  1951). 

before  Jan.  1,  1954. 

) 

Calendar  year  1951 

3.0 

17.4 

88.0 

20.4 

91.0 

87.2 

/  Fiscal  years  beginning  after 

3.0 

17.0 

88.0 

20.0 

91.0 

87.0 

1  Sept.  30,  1950  and  ending 

\  before  Nov.  1,  1951. 

Revenue  Act  of  1950 

(  Calendar  year  1950 

3.0 

17.0 

88.0 

17.4 

84.4 

80.0 

(Sept.  23,  1950). 

)  Fiscal  years  ending  after 

(  Dec.  31,  1949  and  before 

3.0 

17.0 

88.0 

16.6 

82.1 

77.0 

\  Oct.  1,  1950. 

Revenue  Act  of  1948 

Calendar  years  1948-1949 

(Apr.  2,  1948). 

Revenue  Act  of  1945 

Calendar  years  1946-1947 

3.0 

17.0 

88.0 

19.0 

86.5 

85.5 

(Nov.  8,  1945). 

Individual  Income  Tax 

Calendar  year  1945 

3.0 

20.0 

91.0 

23.0 

94.0 

90.0 

Act  of  1944  (May  29, 

1944) . 

^Thls  table  relates  only  to  rates  for  citizens  and  residents  of 
the  United  States.  It  does  not  cover  the  optional  tax  although 
the  same  rates  are  used  to  produce  the  optional  tax  as  are  other- 
wise used  (for  1954  optional  tax  table,  see  page  114).  For  tax 
rates  prior  to  1945,  see  Statistics  of  Income  for  1950,  Part  1, 
pages  308-309  and  318-321. 

^In  case  of  a  change  in  tax  rates  during  a  fiscal  year  other  than 
those  listed,  the  total  tax  is  prorated  according  to  the  portion 
of  time  in  the  tax  year  under  each  rate . 

'For  1946  through  calendar  year  1950,  the  normal  tax  and  surtax 
rates  produced  a  tentative  tax  which  was  subject  to  reduction  as 
described  in  note  9. 

On  joint  returns  of  married  persons  for  1945-47,  normal  tax  and 
surtax  rates  were  applied  to  the  combined  income.  For  1948-53, 
both  rates  were  applied  to  one-half  of  the  net  income  reduced  by 
one-half  of  the  applicable  credits  against  net  income  and  the  re- 
sult multiplied  by  two.  For  1954,  on  joint  returns  and  returns 
of  surviving  spouse,  the  single  combined  tax  rate  is  applied  to 
one-half  of  the  taxable  income  and  the  result  multiplied  by  two. 

*The  normal  tax  rate  applies  to  normal  tax  net  income  which  is 
net  income  less  the  credit  for  partially  tax-exempt  interest  and 
the  exemption  allowed  for  normal  tax . 


^Surtax  rates  apply  to  surtax  net  income  which  is  net  income  less 
the  exemptions  allowed  for  surtax. 

'Head  of  household  status  is  applicable  for  tax  years  beginning 
after  Oct.  31,  1951. 

''Prior  to  1948,  the  lowest  bracket  of  surtax  income  for  a  married 
couple  filing  jointly  Is $2,000  and  the  highest  bracket  is  $200,000. 

'Surviving  spouse  status  is  applicable  for  tax  years  beginning 
after  Dec.  31,  1953  and  ending  after  Aug.  16,  1954. 

'For  1946  through  calendar  year  1950,  the  combined  rates  shown 
are  after  tax  reductions  and  the  rates  so  computed  are  rounded . 
For  1946  and  1947  the  tentative  normal  tax  and  surtax  are  reduced 
by  5  percent  thereof.  For  tax  years  beginning  after  Dec.  31,  1947 
and  ending  before  Oct.  1,  1950,  the  combined  tentative  normal  tax 
and  surtax  is  reduced  by  17  percent  of  the  first  $400,  plus  12 
percent  of  the  next  $99,600,  plus  9.75  percent  of  the  excess  over 
$100,000.  For  calendar  year  1950,  the  tentative  normal  tax  and 
surtax  are  reduced  by  13  percent  of  the  first  $400,  plus  9  percent 
of  the  next  $99,600,  plus  7.3  percent  of  the  excess  over  $100,000. 

"^"The  combined  normal  tax  and  surtax  shall  not  exceed  the  indi- 
cated percent  of  net  income  for  1945-53,  or  taxable  income  for  1954. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  LAWS 

Table  C— REQUIREMENT  FOR  FILING  RETURN  AND  TAX  RATE  UNDER  THE  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX  LAW,  1951-54 


91 


Federal  self-employment  tax  law 
(date  of  enactment) 

Income  year^ 

Self-employment 
net  earnings^ 

requirement  for 
filing  return^ 

Maximum  self- 
employment 
income 

Tax  rate  on  self- 
employment  income 
subject  to  tax' 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of  igs-i  amended  by- 
Social  Security  Amendment  of  195^  (Sept.  1,  1954) 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954  (Aug.  16,  1954) 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1939  amended  by — 

Social  Security  Act  Amendment  of  1950  (Aug.  28,  1950) 

Fiscal  years  ending 
after  1954 

1954 

1951-53 

Dollars 

400 

400 

400 

Dollars 

4,200 

3,600 

3,600 

Percent 
3 

3 

2  1/4 

^Returns  are  permitted  for  taxable  years  other  than  a  calendar 
year. 

^If  net  earnings  from  self-employment  are  less  than  $400,  they 
are  disregarded . 

For  the  calendar  year  1954  and  prior  years,  net  earnings  from 
self-employment  are  the  gross  income  derived  from  trade  or  business 
reduced  by  allowable  deductions  attributable  thereto,  plus  shares 
of  partnership  income  or  loss,  but  exclude  income  from  services 
as  a  public  official,  employee,  railroad  worker,  minister,  or 
member  of  religious  order,  and  income  from  farming,  certain  pro- 
fessions, dividends,  interest,  real  estate  rentals  except  those 
of  dealers,  and  gain  or  loss  from  sales  of  capital  assets  or  other 
property  neither  inventoriable  nor  held  primarily  for  business 
sales. 

For  a  fiscal  year  ending  in  1955,  self-employment  earnings  were 
extended  to  include  income  of  farmers,  architects,  accountants, 
funeral  directors,  and  professional  engineers.  Ministers  and 
members  of  religious  orders  who  had  not  taken  the  vow  of  poverty, 
and  Christian  Science  practitioners  may  elect  coverage  as  self- 
employed  persons . 


Casualty  losses  on  business  property,  net  operating  losses  for 
other  years,  and  personal  exemption  are  not  allowable  deductions 
for  the  computation  of  self-employment  earnings  in  any  year. 

^A  citizen  or  resident  of  the  United  States,  or  a  resident  of 
Puerto  Rico  or  the  Virgin  Islands  having  net  earnings  from  self- 
employment  of  $400  or  more  is  required  to  file  a  return. 

If  husband  and  wife  both  have  self-employment  earnings,  each 
must  report  his  net  earnings  independently,  even  though  a  joint 
return  is  filed. 

'Self-employment  income  subject  to  tax  is  the  smaller  of  (a) 
self-employment  net  earnings,  or  (b)  the  maximum  self-employment 
income  indicated  in  the  table  reduced  by  any  wages  received  from 
which  social  security  tax  was  withheld  by  the  employer. 

On  a  joint  return  where  both  spouses  are  self-employed,  the  tax 
rate  is  applied  separately  to  the  amount  of  self-employment  income 
subject  to  tax  reported  by  each  spouse. 


44SS05  O  -57  -7 


Facsimiles  of 

Individual  Income 

Tax  Returns 

for  1954 


Page 

Form  1040:  Individual  Income  Tax  Retui-n 95 

Schedule  C,  Business  or  Profession 115 

Schedule  D,  Sales  of  Property 119 

1040F,  Farm  Income  and  Expense 121 

Form  1040 A:  Individual  Income  Tax  Return 125 

94 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


95 


FORM 


1040 


U.  S.  Treasury  Deportment 
Internal    Revenue    Service 


U.  S.  INDIVIDUAL 

IE  TAX 


or  other  taxable 
year  beginning 


FOR  CALENDAR  YEAR  1954 
,  1954,  and  ending 


,  195 


PLEASE  TYPE  OR  PRINT  PLAINLY 


Nanne 


Home 
Address 


If  this  is  a  joint  return  of  husband  and  wife,  use  first  names  oi  both 


Street  and  number  or  rural  route 


City,  town,  or  post  office;  Postal  zone  number;  State 


Your  Social  Security  No.  and  Occupation 


Wife's  (Husband's)  S.  S.  No.  and  Occupation 


1954 


Do  not  v/rite  in  these  spaces 

Serial 
No. 

(Cashier's  Stamp) 


Your 
exemp- 
tions 


u 

K    ■ 

U 

X 

(M 

i 

u 
o 

Cm 

Cm    come 
o 

CO 
u 

b 
o 

O 


Your 
in- 


E- 
U 
K 

< 


O 

< 

H 

< 


How  to 
figure 
the  tax 


Tax 

due  or 
refund 


Li3t  your  name.  If  your  wife  (or  husband)  had  no 
income  or  if  this  is  a  joint  return,  list  also  her  (or  his) 
name: 


Check  below  if  at  the  end  of 

ycur  taxable  year  you  or 

your  wife  were — 


65  or  over  □ 
65  or  over  Q 


Blind  n 
Blind  n 


On  lines  A  and  S  below— 
If  neither  65  nor  blind  write  the  figure  1 
if   either  65    or  blind  write  the  hgure  2 
If     both  65  and  blind  write  the  figure  3 

Number  of  exemptions  for  you  .  .  . 

Number  of  her  (or  his)  exemptions  . 


B — -.-.- 

(Your  wife's  name — do  not  list  if  she  is  filing  a  separate  return 

or  if  she  had  income  not  included  in  this  return)  r     .  u 

C.  List  names  of  your  children  ^  ^['^^  number 


who  qualify  as  dependents;  give 

address  if  different  from  yours 

D.  Enter  number  of  exemptions  claimed  for  other  individuals  listed  in  Schedule  I  on  page  2 . 

E.  Enter  total  number  of  exemotions  claimed  in  A  to  D  above 


children 
listed 


2.  Enter  your  total  wages,  salaries,  bonuses,  commissions,  and  other  compensation  received  m   1954,  bcjore  payroll  iedudions. 
Persons  claiming  traveling,  transportation,  or  reimbursed  expenses,  and  Outside  Salesmen,  see  instructions. 
A.  Employer's  Name  B.  Where  Employed  (City  and  Slate)  C.  Total  Wages,  Etc.        D.  Income  Tax  Withheld 


3.  Less  excludable  portion  received  under  wage 

continuation  plans  for  sickness  or  injury.      (See  instructions) 


4.  Balance  (item  2  less  item  3) 

5.  If  you  received  dividends,  interest,  or  any  other 

income  (or  loss),  give  details  on  page  2 Enter  total  here  ■ 

6.  Adjusted  Gross  Income  (sum  of  items  4  and  5) .  .   Enter  total  here  ■ 


(Unmarried  or  legally  separated  persons  qualifying  as  "Head  of  Household,"  check  hereCJ.     See  instructions.) 

(Surviving  wridow^s  and  ^widowers  Twho  qualify  for  special  tax  computation,  check  here  LJ.      See  instructions.) 

IF  YOUR  INCOME  WAS  LESS  THAN  $5,000— Use  Tax  Table  unless  you  itemize  deJudions.     This  table  allows  about  10  percent 

of  your  income  for  charitable  contributions,  interest,  taxes,  medical  expenses,  etc.      If  your  deductions  exceed  10  percent,  it 

will  usually  be  to  your  advantage  to  itemize  them  and  compute  your  tax  on  page  3. 
IF  YOUR  INCOME  WAS  55,000  OR  MORE— Compute  tax  on  page  3.     Itemize  or  use  standard  deduction,  whichever  is 

to  your  advantage. 


7.  Enter  your  tax  from  the  Tax  Table,  or  from  line  13,  page  3 

8.  Less:  A.  Dividends  received  credit  (line  8  of  Schedule  J) 

B.  Retirement  income  credit  (line  10  of  Schedule  K) 

9.  Balance  (item  7  less  the  sum  of  items  8A  and  SB) 

10.  Enter  your  sell-employment  tax  from  line  36,  separate  Schedule  C  .  . . . 

11.  Add  amounts  shown  in  items  9  and  10 

12.  Credits  for  amounts  paid  on  your  1954  income  tax: 

A.  Tax  withhi^ld  (in  item  2,  Column  D  above).     Attach  Forms  W-2  .  .  .  . 

B.  Payments  on  1954  Declaration  of  Estimated  Tax.     Indicate  District 
Director's  office  where  paid.  __ 


13 


If  your  tax  (item  1 1)  is  larger  than  payments  (item  12),  the  balance  must  be  paid  in 

full  with  return.      Enter  such  balance  here 

14.  If  your  payments   (item  12)   are  larger  than  your  tax  (item  11)  Enter  the  ooerpcymert  here- 
Enter  amount  of  item  14  you  want:  Credited  on  1955  estimated  tax  $ ;  Refunded  $ 


0  Make  check  or  mot\ey  order  payable  to  District  Director,  I.  R.  S..  for  amount,  if  any,  shown  in  item   13. 


Did  you  pay  anyone  for  assistance  in  the  preparation 

of  your  return?     I I  Yes      I I  No.    H  "Yes,"  enter  his 

name  and  address. 


Do  you  owe  any  other  Federal  tax?    I I    Yes         j I   No.     If 

"Yes,"  to  which  District  Director's  office  and  what  kind  of 
lax. 


Is  your  Wife  (or  husband)  making  a  separate  return 
for  1954?  n  Yes  dl  No.  If  "Yes,"  wiite  her 
(or  his)  name. 


I  declare  under  the  penalties  of  perjury  that  this  return  (including  any  accompanying  schedules  and  statements)  has  been  examined 
by  me  and  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief  is  a  true,  correct,  and  complete  return. 


(Signature  of  taxpayer)  (Date)  (Signature  of  taxpayer's  wife  or  husband  if  this  is  a  joint  return) 

0  To  assure  split-income  benefits,  husband  and  wife  must  include  all  tlieir  income  and,  even  though  only  one  has  income,  BOTH  MUST  SIGN. 


(Date) 
16 — 709a7-l 


96 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Page 


Schedule  A.— INCOME  FROM  DIVIDENDS  (First  see  Schedule  J) 


1.  Enter  amount  of  dividends  reported  on  line  6  of  Schedule  I 

2.  Enter  total  of  all  other  dividends;  itemize  below,  listing  name  of  corporation  and  amount. 


Enter  total  here«^ 


Schedule  B.— INCOME  FROM  INTEREST 


Name  of  payor 


Name  of  payor 


Amount 


Enter  total  here^ 


Schedule  C  Summary.— PROFIT  (OR  LOSS)  FROM  BUSINESS.  FARMING.  AND  PARTNERSHIP 


1.  Business  profit  (or  loss)  from  separate  Schedule(s)  C,  line(3)  24   . 

2.  Farm  profit  (or  loss)  from  separate  schedule,  Form  1040F 

3.  Partnership,  etc.,  profit  (or  loss)  from  Form  1065,  Schedule  K  .  .  . . 

Partnership  name  and  address 

4.  Total  of  lines  1,  2,  and  3 

5.  Less:   Net  operating  loss  deduction  (Attach  statement) . 

6.  Net  profit  (or  loss)  (line  4  less  line  5) 


Schedule  D.— GAINS  AND  LOSSES  FROM  SALES  OR  EXCHANGES  OF  PROPERTY 


1.  From  sale  or  exchange  of  property  other  than  capital  assets  (from  separate  Schedule  D)  , 

2.  From  sale  or  exchange  of  capital  assets  (from  separate  Schedule  D) 


Schedule  E.— INCOME  FROM  PENSIONS  OR  ANNUITIES  (See  instructions) 


Port  I.— General  Rule 


1.  Investment  in  conhact 

2.  Expected  return 

3.  Percentage  of  income  to  be  excluded 
(line  1  divided  by  line  2) 


4.  Amount  received  this  year $. 

5.  Amount  excludable  (line  4  multi- 
plied by  line  3) 


$- 


6.  Taxable  portion  (excess  of  line  4  over  line  5) . 


Part  II. — Where  your  cost  will  be  recovered  withirv  three  years  and  your  employer  has  corttributed  part  o£  the  cost 


1.  Cost  of  annuity  (amounts  paid  in)  .  .  .  . 

2.  Cost  received  tax-free  in  past  years . . 

3.  Remainder  of  cost  (line  1  less  line  2) .  . 


4.  Amount  received  this  year |$_ 

5.  Taxable  income  (excess  of  line  4 
over  line  3) 


Schedule  F.— INCOME  FROM  RENTS  AND  ROYALTIES 


1.  Kind  and  location  of  property 


2.  Amount  of  rent  or 
royalty 


3.  Depreciation  (explain  In 
Schedule  H)  or  depletion 


$ 


1.  Totals $ 

2.  Net  profit  (or  loss)  (column  2  less  sum  of  columns  3,  4,  and  5) . 


4.  Repairs  (attach 
itemized  list) 


5.  Other  expenses  (attach 
itemized  list) 


Schedule  G.— INCOME  FROM  OTHER  SOURCES  INCLUDING  ESTATES  AND  TRUSTS 


1.  Estate  or  trust  (Name  and  address) 

2.  Other  sources  (state  nature) 


TOTAL  INCOME  (OR  LOSS)  FROM  ABOVE  SOURCES  (Enter  here  and  as  item  5,  page  1)  . 


Schedule  H.— EXPLANATION  OF  DEDUCTION  FOR  DEPRECIATION  CLAIMED  IN  SCHEDULE  F 

1.  Kind  of  property  (if  buildings,  state  material  of 

which  consUucted).    Exclude  land  and  other 

nondepreciable  properly 

2.  Date  acquired 

3.  Cost  or  other 
basis 

4.  Depreciation  al- 
lowed (or  allowable) 
in  prior  years 

5.  Method 

6.  Rate(%) 
or  life  (years) 

7.  Depreciation 
for  this  year 

$ 

$ 

$ 





Sch.  I.— EXEMPTIONS  FOR  INDIVIDUALS  WITH  GROSS  INCOME  OF  LESS  THAN  $600,  OTHER  THAN  WIFE  AND  CHILDREN 


2.  Relationship 

3.  Did   individual   have 
gross  income  of  $600 
or  more  in  1954? 

4.  If  answer  to  3  is  "No"  enter  amount  spent  for 
individual's  support  in  1954  by— 

1.  Name  of  individual.    Also  give  address  if  different  from  yours 

You  (and  your  wife  if  this 

is  a  joint  return).  If  100% 

write  "ah" 

Others,  and  by  individual 
from  own  funds 

$   - 

$ 



FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


97 


Page  3 


ITEMIZED  DEDUCTIONS— FOR  PERSONS  NOT  USING  TAX  TABLE  OR  STANDARD  DEDUCTION. 

If  Husband  and  Wife  (Not  Legally  Separated)  File  Separate  Returns  ond  One  Itemizes  Deductions,  Ihe  Other  Mu3t  Also  Itemize. 
Dascribe  deductions  and  state  to  whom  pcid.     If  more  space  is  needed,  attacK  additional  sheets 


Contributions 


$.. 


Total  Contributions  (not  to  exceed  20  percent  of  item  6,  page  1,  except  where  contributions  to 
churches,  schools,  and  hospitals  ore  included).      (See  instructions) 


Interest 


Total  Interest  . 


Taxes 


Medical  and 

dental  expense 

(//  over  65,  see 

instructions) 


Total  Taxes 


Do  not  enter  any  expense  comper\sated  by  insurance  or  otherwise      A.  Medicine  and  Drugs 


1 .  Net  Expenses  (Attach  itemized  list) 

2.  Enter  in  Column  A,  1  percent  of  item  6,  page  1 

3.  Enter  in  Column  B,  excess  of  Column  A,  line  1  over  line  2 . 

4.  Total  of  Column  B,  lines  1  and  3 

5.  Enter  3  percent  of  item  6,  page  1 

6.  Allowable  amount  (excess  of  line  4  over  line  5).    (See  instructions  for  limitations) .  .  .  . 


B.  Other 


$- 


Child  Core 


Losses  from 
iire,  storm,  or 
other  casualty, 
or  theft 


Miscellaneous 


Expenses  for  care  of  children  and  certain  other  dependents  (see  instructions) . 
(Attach  statement) 


Not  to  exceed  $600. 


Total  Allowable  Losses  (not  compensated  by  insurance  or  otherwise) 


Total  Miscellaneous  Deductions. 


TOTAL  DEDUCTIONS  (Enter  on  line  2  of  Tax  Computation,  below) 


TAX  COMPUTATION 

la  Enter  Adjusted  Gross  Income  as  shown  in  item  6,  page  1 _■  ■ 

2a  If  deductions  are  itemized  above,  enter  total  of  such  deductions.  If  deductions  are  not  itemized  and  line  I,  abode,  is 
$5,000  or  more:  (a)  married  persons  filing  separately  enter  $500;  (b)  all  others  enter  10  percent  of  line  1,  but 
not  more  than  $  1 ,000 

3.  Subtract  line  2  from  line  1 .     Enter  the  difference  here 

4.  Multiply  $600  by  total  number  of  exemptions  claimed  in  item  IE,  page  1.     Enter  result  here 

5.  Subtract  line  4  from  line  3.     Enter  the  difference  here.     This  is  your  Taxable  Income 


6>  If  you  are  a  single  person,  a  married  person  filing  separately,  or  a  head  of  household — 

Single  persons  and  married  persons  filing  saporately  use  Tax  Rate  Schedule  I  in  the  instructions  to  figure  tax 
on  amount  on  line  5;  heads  of  household  use  Tax  Rate  Schedule  II 


7a  If  this  is  a  joint  return,  or  if  you  qualify  to  file  as  a  surviving  widow  or  widower — 

(a)  Enter  one-half  of  amount  on  line  5 

(b)  Use  Tax  Rate  Schedule  I  in  t!ie  instructions  to  figi-ire  tax  on  amount  on  line  7  (a) . 
(c)  Multiply  omount  on  line  7  (b)  by  2 


8.  If  alternati  .'e  tax  is  applicable,  enter  tlie  tax  from  separate  .Schedule  D. 


Disrsgord  lines  9  through  12,  and  copy  on  line  13  the  same  figure  you  entered  on  line  6,  7  (ci,  or  8,  unless  you 
used  itemized  deductions. 


9a  Enter  here  income  tax  payments  to  a  foreign  country  or  U.S.  possession  (Attach  Form  1116) .  .  $.. 

10a  Enter  here  any  income  tax  paid  at  source  on  tax-free  covenant  bond  interest 

lla  Enter  here  credit  for  partially  tax-exempt  interest  (See  instructions  for  limitation) 

12.  Add  the  figures  on  lilies  9,  10,  and  11.     Enter  the  total  here 

13.  Subtra'-t  line  12  fro-n  line  6,  7  (c),  or  8,  v/hichever  is  applicable.     Enter  difference  here  and  os  item  7,  page  1  , 


16—70997-1 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Page  4 


Schedule  J.— EXCLUSION  AND  CREDIT  FOR  DIVIDENDS  RECEIVED  FKOM 
QUALIFYING  DOMESTIC  (U.S.)  CORPORATIONS.     (See   instructions) 


1.  Name  ot  corporation  declaring  dividend: 


Amount  received 
before  8/1/54 


Amount  received 
after  7/31/54 


2.  Total 

3.  Less:  Exclusion  of  $50.     Apply  exclusion  first  to  Col.  A  and  excess,  if  any,  to  Col.  B .  . . 

4.  Balance 

5.  Enter  in  Column  B,  the  amount  from  Column  A,  line  4 

6.  Total  dividends  to  be  entered  on  line  1,  Schedule  A,  page  2  (total  of  Column  B,  lines  4  and  5). 

CREDIT  COMPUTATION 

7.  (a)  4%  of  amount  on  line  4,  Column  B,  above 


(b)  Tax  shown  on  line  6,  7  (c),  or  8,  page  3,  less  the  amount,  if  any,  on  line  9,  page  3;  or,  if  Tax  Table  is  used, 
the  tax  in  item  7,  page  1 


(c)  2%  of  taxable  income — line  5,  page  3;  if  alternative  tax  is  applicable,  line  20,  Schedule  D  (twice  line  20  in 
the  case  of  a  joint  return) 


(Taxable  income,  for  those  using  the  Tax  Table  to  compute  tax,  is  the  amount  shown  in  item  6,  page  1,  less 
10%  thereof  and  less  the  deduction  for  exemptions  (item  IE,  page  1,  multiplied  by  $600)) 

8.  Enter  here  and  as  item  8A,  page  1,  the  smallest  of  the  amounts  on  lines  7  (a),  7  (b),  or  7  (c),  above 


NOTE:  If  both  husband  and  wife  have  qualifying  dividends,  an  exclusion  shall  be  allowed  to  each  on  line  3  to  tlie  extent  of  the  dividends 
recei ved  but  not  to  exceed  $50  each. 

Schedule  K. — CREDIT  FOR  RETIREMENT  INCOME.      (See  inshructions  for  definitions  and  other  details) 


If  separate  return,  use  Column  B  only.     If  joint  return,  use  one  column  for  husband  and 
one  for  wife. 

Did  you  receive  earned  income  in  excess  of  $600  in  each  of  any  10  calendar  years  before 
the  taxable  year  1954  ? 

If  answer  above  is  "Yes"  in  either  column,  furnish  all  information  below  in  that  column. 

1.  Retirement  income  for  taxable  year: 

(a)  For  taxpayers  under  6S  years  o£  age : 

Enter  only  income  received  from  pensions  and  annuities  under  public  retirement 
systems.     (Do  not  enter  pensions,  annuities,  and  retirement  pay  from  Armed  Forces) . 

(b)  For  taxpayers  65  years  of  age  and  older: 

Enter  total  of  pensions  and  annuities,  retirement  pay  from  Armed  Forces,  interest, 
rents,  and  dividends  included  in  gross  income  in  this  return 

Limitation  on  Retirement  Income 

2.  Enter  here  amount  shown  in  line  1  or  $1,200,  whichever  is  lesser 


Deduct: 

(a)  Amounts  received  in  taxable  year  as  pensions  or  annuities  under  the  Social 
Security  Act,  tiie  Railroad  Retirement  Acts,  and  certain  other  exclusions  from 
gross  income.     (See  instructions) 

(b)  Compensation  for  personal  services  received  in  the  taxable  year  1954  in  excess  of  $900 . 
(Line  3  (b)  does  not  apply  to  persons  75  years  of  age  or  over.) 


4.  Total  of  lines  3  (a)  and  3  (b) 

5.  Balance  (line  2  minus  line  4) 

6.  Tentative  credit  (20  percent  of  line  5) 

7.  Total  tentative  credit  on  this  return  (total  of  columns  A  and  B,  line  6) . 

Limitation  on  Retirement  Credit 


C.  Amount  of  tax  shown  as  item  7,  page  1 

Less:  Credit  for  dividends  from  line  8,  Schedule  J,  above . 
9.  Balance  of  line  8 


[]  Yea         []]  No 


□   Yes         □  No 


10.  Retirement  income  credit.     Enter  here  and  as  item  8B,  page  1,  the  amount  on  line  7  or  line  9,  whichever 
is  smaller ^ 


*^'^^ 


Statement  of  Person  (other  than  taxpayer)  Preparing  Return 

I  declare  under  the  penalties  of  perjury  that  I  prepared  this  return  for  the  person(s)  named  herein;  and  that  this  return  (including  any 
accompanying  schedules  and  statements)  is,  to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief,  a  true,  correct,  and  complete  return  based  on  all  the 
information  relating  to  the  matters  required  to  be  reported  in  this  return  of  which  I  have  any  knowledge. 


(Individual  or  Firm  Signature) 


(Address) 

U.  S.  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  16 — 70807-1 


(Date) 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


99 


HELPFUL  INFORMATION  ON 


How  to 


prepare  your 


income  tax 


return 


ON  FORM  1040  FOR  1954 


""iis^m.s* 


You  can  save  money  for  yourself  and 
the  Government,  if  you — 

File  your  return  early 

Make  sure  the  figures  are  right 

Under  the  new  law,  the  final  date  for 
filing  is  April  15,  but  taxpayers  who 
wait  until  the  last  minute  often  make 
costly  mistakes. 

Give  yourself  time  to  double  check 
every  figure  on  your  return — this  will 
save  time  and  money  in  the  long  run. 

If  you  need  help  or  more  forms 
(including  Form  1040-ES  for  decla- 
ration of  1955  estimated  tax),  go  to 
the  nearest  Internal  Revenue  Service 
Office. 


Commissioner. 


IRS  Pub-3 


100 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 

HOW  TO  USE  THIS  PAMPHLET 


The  information  contained  in  this  pamphlet  has  been  selected  to  help  the  average  taxpayer  in  preparing  his  return.    You 
need  only  read  those  items  that  concern  you.    Use  the  following  checklist  in  deciding  which  items  you  wish  to  read. 


Page 

•  How  To  File  Your  Re- 
turn: 

n  Who  must  file 3 

□  Why    you    must    file    a 
return 3 

n   When  to  file 3 

n   How    to    pay ^.  3 

□  How   to   sign 3 


□  Where  to  get  forms, 
n   Where  to  get  help.... 

□  Your  rights  of  appeal .  . 

•  How  To  Choose  Your 
Return: 

n  The  three  types  of  re- 

turns  

n   Income  less  than  $5,000 

n  Income    of    $5,000    or 

more 

□  Married  persons — joint 
or  separate  returns  .  •  • 


4 
4 


Page 

□  Unmarried  persons  — 
Head    of   household...        4 

n  Surviving  widow  or 

widower 5 

•  How  To  Claim  Your 
Exemptions: 

□  Exemptions  for  you  and 
wife 5 

□  Exemptions  for  your 
children 5 

□  Exemptions  for  depend- 
ents other  than  your 
children 5 

□  Exemptions  for  individ- 
uals supported  b\'  more 
than   one   taxpayer....        5 

•  How  To  Report  Your 
Income: 

O    What  income  is  taxed. .        6 

□  Wages,    salaries,    etc...        6 

□  Exclusions  from  salaries 
and   wages 6 


Page 

□  Trade  and  business  de- 
ductions of  employees.  6 

□  Dividends 7 

□  Interest 7 

□  Business    or    profession.  7 

□  Farming 8 

□  Partnerships 8 

□  Net    operating    loss    de- 
duction    9 

□  Self-employment  ta.\  .  .  9 

□  Sale    and    exchange    of 
property 9 

n   Special  rule  for  sale  of 

residence  at  a  gain ....  9 

□  Annuities  and  pensions.  10 

□  Rents  and  royalties. .. .  11 

□  Estates  and  trusts 11 

□  Other   income 11 

□  Depreciation 11 

□  Accounting    methods 
and  records 11 


Free 

•  How  To  Claim  Non- 
business Deductions: 

□  Contributions 12 

D   Interest 12 

□  Taxes 12 

□  Casualty  losses  and 
thefts 12 

□  Medical  and  dental  ex- 
penses        13 

□  Expenses  for  the  care 
of  children  and  certain 
other   dependents 13 

□  Miscellaneous 13 

□  Declaration  of  esti- 
mated   tax 14 

•  How  To  Figure  Your 
Tax: 

n   Using  the  tax  table. .. .      14 

□  Making  a  long-form 
computation 14 

n  1954  tax  rate  schedule.  14 
n  Credits  against  tax.  ...  14 
D   Tax  table 16 


WHERE  TO  FILE  YOUR  RETURN 

Mail  your  return  to  the  ''District  Director  of  Internal  Revenue"  for  the  district  in  which  you  live 


AIABAMA---Birmingham  3,  Ala. 
ALASKA- __Tacoma    2,    Wash. 
ARIZONA___Phoenix,    Ariz. 
ARKANSAS---Litlle   Rocic,   Afk. 
CALIFORNIA: 

Counties  of  Imperial,  Kern,  los  An- 

feles.  Orange,  Riverside,  San  Bernar- 
ino.  San  Diego.  San  Luis  Obispo. 
Santa  Barbara,  and  Ventura Loi  An- 
geles 12,  Calif. 

All    other    counties Son    Froncisco 

2,  Calif. 

CANAL    ZONE Jacksonville,    Fla. 

COLORADO Denver   2,    Colo. 

CONNECTlCUT_--Harlford,   Conn. 
DELAWARE... Wilmington   99,    Del. 
DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA--.Bal!imoie  7, 

Md. 
FLORIDA._-iacksonvilIe,    Fla. 
GEORGIA-. -Atlanta  3,   Ga. 
HAWAII---Honolulu   13,   T.   H. 
IDAHO---8oise,   Idafio 
ILLINOIS: 

Counties  of  Bonne,  Bureau,  Carroll. 
Cook.  De  Kalb,  Du  Page.  Grundy. 
Henry.  Jo  Daviess.  Kane.  Kankakee, 
Kendall.  Lake,  La  Salic.  Lee.  McHenry, 
Marshall.  Mercer.  Ogle,  Putnam.  Rock 
Island.  Stark.  Stephenson,  Whiteside, 
Will,    and    Winnebago-.  Chicago  2,  HI. 

All    other    cnundts Springfield,    III. 

INDIANA--. Indianapolis    6,    Ind. 
IOWA---Des  Moines  8,   Iowa 
KANSAS--. Wichita   21,    Kans. 
KENTUCKY-__Louisville   1,    Ky. 
LOUtSIANA---Nev/   Orleons   16,   la. 

MAINE Augusta,   Maine 

MARYLAND.- -Baltimore  2,  Md. 
MASSACHUSETTS    -Boston    IS,    MosS. 
MICHIGAN--. Detroit   31,    Mich. 
MINNESOTA---St.   Paul   1,   Minn. 
MISS(SS1PPI---Jack$on   5,   Miss. 
MISSOURI: 

Counties  of  Adair,  Audrain,  Bol- 
linger. Boone.  Butler,  Callaway,  Cape 
Girardeau.  Carter.  Cl.irk.  Crawford. 
Dent.  Dunklin,  Friinklin.  Gasconade. 
Howard.  Iron,  Jefferson,  Knox.  Lewis, 
Lincoln.  Linn,  Macon,  Madison. 
Maries,  Marion,  \f ississippi.  Monroe, 
Montgomery.  New  Madrid.  Oregon. 
Osage.  Pemiscot.  Perry.  Phelps.  Pike, 
Pulaski.  Ralls.  R.indr.lph.  Re\noIds. 
Ripley,  St.  Charles,  St.   Francois.  Stc. 


Genevieve.  St.  Louis,  Schuyler,  Scot- 
land. Scott.  Shannon,  Shelby,  Stod- 
dard. Warren,  Washington,  and 
Wayne-— St.    Louis   I,    Mo. 

All   other   counties Kansos  CHy  6, 

Mo. 

MONTANA,, -Helena,  Mont. 

NEBRASKA---Omaha   2,    Nebr. 

NEVADA. --Reno,  Nev. 

NEW    HAMPSHIRE-, -Portsmouth,    N.    H. 

NEW  JERSEY: 

Counties  of  Bergen.  Essex.  Hudson, 
Hunterdon,  Middlesex.  Morris.  Pas- 
saic, Somerset.  Sussex,  Union  and 
Warren Newark   2,   N.    J. 

All  other  counties 7lh  ond  Cooper 

Sis.,  Camden  1  ,  N.  J. 

NEW  MEXICO--_AIbuquerque,  N.   Mex. 

NEW  YORK: 

Brooklyn:  Counties  of  Kmgs,  Nas- 
sau.   Oueens,    and    Suffolk Brooklyn 

1,  N.  Y. 

Lower  Manhattan:  All  that  part  of 
Manh3tt.in  Island  south  of  34th  Street 
(this  includes  both  sides  of  3'<th 
Street )  and  Rictimond  County Cus- 
tomhouse  BIdg.,   New  York  4,   N.   Y. 

L'pper  M.Tnh3ttan:  That  part  of 
Manhattan  Island  north  of  5'lth  Street 
(this  includes  Welfiire  Island,  Ran- 
d.ill's  Isl.ind.  and  Ward's  Island)  and 
counties  of  Bronx.  RockUnd.  and  West- 
chester.. 484  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York 
17,  N.  Y. 

Eastern  New  York  State:  Counties  of 
Albany.  Clinton.  Columbia,  Dutchess. 
Esstx.  Fulton.  Greene,  H.imilton. 
Nlontgomcry.  Orange.  Putnam,  Rens- 
selaer. Saratoga,  Schenectady,  Scho- 
h.iric.  Sullivan.  Ulster.  Warren,  and 
Washington---Albany  1,   N.  Y. 

Central  New  York  State:  Counties 
of  Broome,  Cayuga.  Chenango.  Cort- 
land. Delaware.  Franklin,  Herkimer, 
Jefferson.  Lewis.  Madison,  Oneida. 
Onondaga.  Oswego.  Otsceo.  St.  Law- 
rente,  Scluivler.  Seneta.  Tini;a.  Tomp- 
kins,  .ind   Wayne Syracuse  2,  N.   Y. 

Western  New  York  State:  Counties 
of  Allcg.inv.  Cnttaraugus.  Chautauqua, 
Chemung.  Erie.  Genesee.  Livineston. 
Monroe,     Niagara.    Ontario.    Orleans. 

Steuben.    Wyoming,    and    Yates Buf- 

folo  2,  N.  Y. 


NORTH  CAROLINA Greensboro,   N.  C. 

NORTH   DAKOTA---Fargo,    N.    Dak. 
OHIO: 

Northeastern:  Counties  of  Ash- 
land, Ashtabi;l.i.  Belmont.  Carroll. 
Columbiana.  Cuyahoga.  C-eauga.  Har- 
rison. Holmes,  JetTerson.  Lake.  Lo- 
rain. Mahoning,  Medina,  Monroe, 
Portage.      RichLind.      Stark,      Summit, 

Trumbull.    Tuscarawas,   and  Wayne 

Cleveland   15,   Ohio 

Sou  im.ASi>:RN:  Counties  of  Adams, 
Athens.  (  osiiocton,  Delaware,  Fair- 
field. Franklm,  Gallia.  Guernsey. 
Hocking,  Jatkson,  Knox.  Lawrence. 
Licking,  Madison.  Marion.  Meigs, 
Morgan,  Morrow,  Muskingum,  Noble, 
Perry.     Pi.  kaw;iy.     Pike.     Ross.     Scioto, 

Union.     Vinton,     and     Washington 

Columbus  16,  Ohio 

NoK  rnw  rsTTRN:  Counties  of  Allen, 
Auglaize.  Cliampaign,  Crawford, 
Darke,  Defiance,  trie.  Fulton.  Han- 
cock. Hardin.  Henry.  Huron,  Logan. 
Lucas.  Mercer.  Ottaw.i,  Paulding,  Put- 
nam, Sanduskv,  Seneca.  Shelby.  Van 
Wert,  Williams.  Wood,  and  Wyan- 
dot  Toledo   I,   Ohio 

SoLiTHw  rsTFRN  :  Tounties  of  Brown, 
Butler.  Clark.  Clermont.  Clinton,  Fay- 
ette. Grct-nt.  Hamilton,  Highland. 
Miami.  NI<intt:omciv,  Preble,  and  War- 
ren  Cincinnati   2,  Ohio 

OKLAHOMA-. .Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
OREGON--    Portland  9,  Oreg. 
PENNSYLVANIA: 

South  F  ASTFR.M:  (  ounties  of  Adams, 
Bedford.  Berks.  Blair.  Bucks.  Chester, 
Cumberland.  Dauphin.  Delaware, 
Fr.inklin,  Fulton,  Huntrngdnn.  Juniata, 
Lancaster,  Lebanon.  Lehigh.  Mifflin. 
Montgomery,  Perry.  Philadelphia. 
SLhu\lkilI,  Snyder,  and  York___PhiIo- 
delphio  7.  Pa. 

North FASTFRN:  Counties  of  Brad- 
ford, Carbon,  Centre,  Clinton.  Colum- 
bia. Lackawanna.  Luzerne.  I.ycommg. 
Monroe.  Montour,  Northampton,  Nor- 
thumberland. Pike.  Potter,  Sullivan. 
Susquelianna.  Tioga.  Union.  Wayne, 
and  W\ommg Scronlon  14,   Pa. 

Wf  sTrRN :  Counties  of  Allecheriy. 
Armstrong.  Beaver,  Butler.  Cambria, 
Camtion,    Clarion,     Clearfield,     Craw- 


ford.  Elk.  Erie,  Fayette.  Forest,  Greene, 
Indiana,  Jefferson.  Laurence,  MiKean, 
Mercer,    Somerset.    Venango,    Warrtn, 

Washington.      and      Westmoreland 

P.    O.    and   Courthouse   BIdg., 

Pittsburgh    30,    Pa. 
PUERTO    RICO Sanlurce    BIdg.,    San- 

turce,     Puerto    Rico. 
RHODE   ISLAND.-.Providence  2,   R.   I. 
SOUTH  CAROLINA-, -Columbia   1,  S.   C. 
SOUTH  DAKOTA---Aberdeen,   S.   Dok, 
TENNESSEE--, Nashville   3,   Tenn. 
TEXAS: 

Southern:  Counties  of  Aransas, 
Atascosa.  Austin.  Bandera,  Bastrop, 
Bee,  Bell,  Bexar.  Blanco.  Bosque,  Bra- 
zoria. Brazos.  Brewster.  Bmoks.  Bur- 
leson. Burnet,  Caldwell,  Calhoun, 
Cameron,  Chambers,  Colorado.  Comal, 
Coryell.  Culberson.  De  Witt.  Dimmit, 
Duval.  Edwards.  El  Paso,  F.ills,  Fay- 
ette. Fort  Bend.  Freestone.  Frio.  Gal- 
veston. Gillespie.  Goliad.  Gonzales, 
Grimes.  Guadalupe,  Hamilton,  Har- 
din, Harris,  Hays.  Hidalgo.  Hijl. 
Hudspeth,  Jackson.  Jasper.  Jeff  Da\is, 
Jefferson,  Jim  Hogg,  Jim  Wells. 
Karnes.  Kendall,  Kenedy,  Kerr.  Kim- 
ble. Kinney.  Kleberg.  Lampasas,  La 
Salle.  Lavaca.  Lee.  Leon.  Liberty, 
Limestone,  Live  Oak.  Llanti.  McCul- 
loch,  Mclennan.  Mc^fuIlen,  Madi»on, 
Mason,  Matagorda.  Maverick.  Medina, 
Milam.  Montgomery,  Newton.  Nue- 
ces, Orange.  Pecos.  Polk.  Presidio. 
Real.  Reeves.  Refugio,  Robert-.on.  San 
Jacinto,  San  Patricio.  San  S.iba.  Som- 
ervell, Starr.  Terrell,  Travis.  Trinity. 
Tyler.  Uv.ilde,  Va!  Verde.  Victoria. 
Walker,  Waller.  Washington.  Webb, 
Wharton.  Willacy.  Williamson.  Wil- 
son. Zapata,  and  Zavala,..  Austin  14, 
Tex. 

North prn:    All    other    counties 

Dallas  1 ,  Tex. 

UTAH      -Salt  Lake  City,  Utoh 
VERMONT. .Burlington,    Vt. 
VIRGINIA. -.Richmond    19,    Vo. 
VIRGIN   ISLANDS-. .Customhouse  BIdg., 

New  York  4,  N.  Y. 
WASHINGTON. .^Tocoma  7.  Wosh. 
WEST  VIRGINIA_-_Parkersbu»g,   W.  Va. 
WISCONSIN--. Milwoukee    1,    Wis. 
WYOMING-, -Cheyenne,    Wyo. 


Taxpayers  with  legal  residence  in  foreign  countries Baltimore  2,  Md.,  U.  S.  A, 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


101 


SPECIAL  FOR  EMPLOYEES 

This  pamphlet  contains  the  forms  and  instruc- 
tions used  by  most  taxpayers.  However,  if 
your  gross  income  was  less  than  $5,000  and 
consisted  entirely  of  wages  reported  on  with- 
holding statements  (Form  W-2)  and  not  more 
than  $100  total  of  other  wages,  interest,  and 
dividends,  the  law  provides  a  simple  way  for 
you  to  file.     Merely  enter  the  required  infor- 


EARNING  LESS  THAN  $5,000 

mation  on  the  prescribed  card  form  (1040A), 
and  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  will  figure 
your  tax  and  send  you  a  check  for  any  refund 
or  a  bill  for  any  amount  due.  You  may  obtain 
the  card  jorm  jrom  your  District  Director.  IJ 
you  qualijy  and  decide  to  use  Form  IO40A,  do 
not  use  any  oj  the  forms  in  this  pamphlet. 


NEW  PROVISIONS  OF  THE  TAX  LAW 

Many  changes  in  the  income  tax  lav/  were  made  by  the  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954. 
efits  are  listed  below. 


The  more  important  ben- 


Page 

Reduced    rates    for    certain    surviving    widows    or 

widowers .— 5 

Exemption  for  children  and  other  dependents 5 

Exemption  for  individuals  supported  by  more  than 

one  taxpayer 5 

Exclusion  of  sick  pay 6 

Deduction  for  trade  and  business  expenses  of  em- 
ployees  6 

New  dividend  provisions 7  and  15 


Pagf 

Expenditures  for  soil  and  water  conservation 8 

New  methods  of  computing  income  from  annuities 

and  pensions 10 

Additional  methods  for  computing  depreciation 1 1 

Additional  deduction  for  contributions  to  churches, 

schools,  hospitals... 1 2 

Deduction  for  interest  on  installment  obligations 12 

Additional  deduction  for  medical  expenses 13 

Deduction  for  child  care 13 

Retirement  income  credit 15 


HOW  TO  FILE  YOUR  RETURN 


Who  Must  File 

Every  citizen  or  resident  of  the  United  States — whether  an 
adult  or  minor — who  had  S600  (SI, 200  if  65  years  of  age  or 
over)  or  more  gross  income  in  1954  must  file.  For  require- 
ments respecting  self-employment  tax,  see  page  9  of  these 
instructions.  Citizens  of  Puerto  Rico  who  are  also  citizens 
of  the  United  States  and  nonresident  aliens  who  were  bona 
fide  residents  of  Puerto  Rico  during  the  entire  taxable  year 
must  also  file  United  States  individual  income  tax  returns 
if  they  meet  the  income  test. 

Why  Yon  Must  File  a  Return 

Most  of  your  tax  is  withheld  from  your  wages  every  pay- 
day or  paid  on  Declarations  of  Estimated  Tax  every  quar- 
ter. (See  page  14,  relative  to  the  Declaration  of  Estimated 
Tax.)  However,  the  law  requires  you  to  file  an  annual 
return  to  determine  whether  you  owe  more  or  should  get 
a  refund. 

When  and  Where  To  File 

File  on  or  after  January  1  but  not  later  than  April  15, 
1955,  with  the  District  Director  of  Internal  Revenue  for 
your  district.  Try  to  avoid  the  last-minute  rush.  Tax- 
payers who  keep  books  on  a  fiscal-year  basis  must  file  by 
the  fifteenth  day  of  the  fourth  month  after  the  close  of  their 
taxable  years. 

How  To  Fay 

Any  balance  of  tax  shown  to  be  due  in  item  13,  page  1,  of 
your  return  on  Form  1040  must  be  paid  in  full  with  your 
return.  Checks  or  money  orders  should  be  made  payable 
to  "District  Director,  I.  R.  S." 

How  To  Sign 

You  have  not  filed  a  valid  return  unless  you  sign  it.  If 
you  and  your  wife  are  filing  a  joint  return,  both  of  you 
must  sign.    You  do  not  need  to  have  your  return  notarized, 


since  your  signature  has  the  same  legal  effect  as  swearing 
to  the  truthfulness  of  your  return. 

Preparer's  Statement 

The  statement  on  page  4  of  the  Form  1040  is  required  to 
be  signed  by  any  person(s),  firm,  or  corporation  who  pre- 
pares the  taxpayer's  return.  If  the  return  is  prepared  by  a 
firm  or  corporation,  the  return  should  be  signed  in  the  name 
of  the  firm  or  corporation.  The  statement  is  not  required 
if  the  return  is  prepared  by  a  regular,  full-time  employee  of 
the  taxpayer  such  as  a  clerk,  secretary,  bookkeeper,  etc. 

Where  To  Get  Forms 

As  far  as  practical,  the  District  Director  mails  forms 
directly  to  taxpayers.  If  you  need  additional  forms  you 
can  get  them  from  any  Internal  Revenue  Service  office, 
and  also  at  most  banks  and  post  offices.  Many  employers 
also  keep  forms  for  the  convenience  of  employees. 

Where  To  Get  Help 

After  reading  these  instructions  you  should  be  able  to 
prepare  your  own  return,  unless  you  have  complicated 
problems.  If  you  do  need  help,  you  can  get  it  at  any 
Internal  Revenue  Service  office.  A  more  detailed  publica- 
tion entitled,  "Your  Federal  Income  Tax,"  may  be  pur- 
chased for  twenty-five  cents  from  the  Superintendent  of 
Documents,  Government  Printing  Office,  Washington  25, 
D.  C. 

Your  Rights  Of  Appeal 

If  you  believe  there  is  an  error  in  any  bill,  statement,  or 
refund  in  connection  with  your  tax,  you  are  entitled  to 
have  the  matter  reconsidered  by  the  District  Director.  He 
will  give  you  an  opportunity  to  dispute  any  change  in  your 
tax  which  he  proposes,  and  will  advise  you  of  further  appeal 
rights  if  you  cannot  reach  an  agreement  with  him.  All 
deductions  claimed  by  you  must  be  supported  by  canceled 
checks,  receipts,  or  other  evidence  if  there  is  an  audit  of 
your  return. 


102 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 
HOW  TO  CHOOSE  YOUR  RETURN 


The  Three  Types  Of  Returns 

Three  different  forms  are  provided  to  meet  the  needs  of 
the  50,000,000  persons  who  file  tax  returns — Form  1040A, 
Short-Form  1040,  and  Long-Form  1040. 

Income  Less  Than  $5,000 

1.  Form  1040A. — This  form  has  been  revised  this  year  so 
as  to  offer  eligible  taxpayers  the  simplest  return  and  to  put 
the  form  on  a  punch  card  which  can  be  processed  efficiently. 
If  you  file  this  form,  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  will 
compute  your  tax.  You  may  use  it  if  your  total  income 
was  less  than  $5,000  and  consisted  entirely  of  wages  reported 
on  Withholding  Statements  (Form  \V-2),  or  of  such  wages 
and  not  more  than  $100  total  of  other  wages,  interest,  and 
dividends  (after  exclusion  as  explained  on  page  7),  all  of 
which  must  be  entered  on  the  tax  return.  From  your  answers 
to  the  questions,  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  will  figure 
your  tax  for  you,  and  send  you  a  bill  or  a  refund. 

You  may  not  use  Form  1040A  but  must  file  your  return 
on  Form  1040  if  (1)  you  had  income  from  any  other  sources, 
such  as  annuities,  rents,  royalties,  a  business  or  profession, 
farming,  transactions  in  securities  or  other  property,  part- 
nerships, estates,  and  trusts,  or  reimbursements  includible 
as  income,  (2)  you  wish  to  deduct  from  your  wages  travel, 
transportation,  reimbursed  expenses,  or  business  expenses 
of  an  outside  salesman,  (3)  you  wish  to  claim  credits  against 
the  tax  with  respect  to  dividends  or  retirement  income,  or 
(4)  you  wish  to  claim  the  status  of  head  of  household  or 
surviving  widow  or  widower. 

2.  Short-Form  1040. — Form  1040  may  be  used  either  as  a 
short  or  long  form.  The  short  form  is  simpler  than  the  long 
form.  It  differs  from  Form  1()40.\  in  that  (a)  you  must  find 
your  own  tax;  (b)  you  must  include  income  from  sources  not 
eligible  for  reporting  on  Form  1040 A;  (c)  you  may  deduct 
from  your  wages  certain  reimbursed  expenses,  travel,  trans- 
portation, and  outside  salesman's  business  expenses;  and 
(d)  you  may  deduct  from  your  tax  the  credits  for  dividends 
and  retirement  income.  If  your  income  was  less  than  $5,000 
and  your  nonbusiness  deductions  (contributions,  interest, 
etc.)  were  less  than  10  percent  of  your  income,  find  your 
tax  from  the  Tax  Table  and  enter  the  amount  in  item  7, 
page  1  of  the  return. 

3.  Long-Form  1040. — If  your  nonbusiness  deductions  are 
more  than  10  percent  of  your  income,  you  will  ordinarily 
save  money  by  itemizing  them  on  Long-Form  1040.  You 
will  then  figure  your  tax  according  to  the  computation 
on  page  3.  If  your  nonbusiness  deductions  are  so  close  to 
10  percent  that  you  are  in  doubt  which  is  the  better  form, 
try  both  the  short  form  and  the  long  form  to  make  sure. 

Income  Of  $5,000  Or  More 

If  your  income  was  $5,000  or  more,  you  must  use  Long- 
Form  1040.  However,  in  that  case,  you  can  either  take  a 
standard  deduction  or  itemize  and  claim  your  actual  deduc- 
tions. The  standard  deduction  is  10  percent  of  your  income 
but  not  more  than  $1,000.  However,  if  husband  and 
wife  file  separate  returns  and  each  had  income  of  $5,000 
or  more,  the  standard  deduction  is  $500  for  each.  Compare 
your  actual  deductions  with  the  amount  of  the  standard 
deduction. 

Married  Persons — Joint  Or  Separate  Returns 

Are  You  Married? — If  married  at  the  close  of  your  taxable 
year,  you  are  considered  married  for  the  entire  year.  If 
divorced  or  legally  separated  on  or  before  the  close  of  your 
year,  you  are  considered  single  for  the  entire  year.    If  your 


wife  or  husband  died  during  the  year,  you  are  considered 
married  for  the  entire  year,  and  may  file  a  joint  return. 
joint  or  Separate  Returns.  —  If  husband  and  wife  liave  separate 
income  (for  example,  if  both  work),  they  may  file  separate 
returns  or  a  joint  return.  A  separate  return  accounts  for 
the  income  and  deductions  of  only  one  person.  If  married 
persons  living  in  community  property  States  file  separate 
returns,  each  must  report  half  of  any  community  income. 
A  joint  return  must  include  all  the  income  and  deductions 
of  both  husband  and  wife.  A  husband  and  wife  may  file 
a  joint  return  even  though  one  of  them  had  no  income. 
A  joint  return  may  not  be  filed  if  either  husband  or  wife  was 
a  nonresident  alien  at  any  time  during  the  taxable  year. 
How  To  Make  a  Joint  Return. — In  a  joint  return  you  include 
all  income  and  deductions  of  both  husband  and  wife.  In 
the  return  heading,  list  both  names  (for  example:  "John 
H.  and  Mary  D.  Doe").  Both  must  sign  the  return. 
Advantages  oj  a  Joint  Return. — In  most  cases  it  is  advanta- 
geous for  married  couples  to  file  joint  returns.  The  law  pro- 
vides a  "split  income"  method  of  figuring  the  tax  on  a  joint 
return  which  often  results  in  a  lower  tax  than  would  result 
from  separate  returns. 

Joint  Tax  or  Rejund. — When  a  joint  return  is  filed,  the  couple 
a<sume  full  legal  responsibility  for  tiie  entire  ta.x,  and  if  one 
fails  to  pay,  the  other  must  pay  it. 

Hoic  To  Make  a  Separate  Return. — Husband  and  wife  must 
each  have  income  under  the  laws  of  their  State  and  they 
must  fill  out  separate  forms.  The  "split  income"  provisions 
of  the  Federal  tax  law  do  not  apply  to  separate  returns  of 
husband  and  wife.  When  filing  separate  returns,  the  hus- 
band and  wife  should  each  claim  the  allowable  deductions 
paid  with  his  or  her  own  funds.  (In  community  propertv 
States,  deductions  resulting  from  payments  made  out  of 
funds  belonging  jointly  to  husband  and  wife  may  be  divided 
half  and  half)  If  one  itemizes  and  claims  actual  deductions 
on  the  long  form,  then  both  must. 

Unmarried  Persons — Head  Of  Household 

The  law  provides  a  special  tax  rate  for  any  individual 
who  qualifies  as  a  "Head  of  Household."  To  qualify  you 
must  Ije  unmarried  (or  legally  separated)  at  the  end  of  your 
taxable  year.  In  addition,  you  must  have  furnished  over 
half  the  cost  of  maintaining  as  your  home  a  household 
which  during  the  entire  year,  except  for  temporary  ab- 
sence, was  occupied  as  the  principal  place  of  abode  and 
as  a  member  of  such  household  by  (a)  any  related  person 
(see  those  listed  under  5  (a),  page  5)  for  whom  you  are 
entitled  to  a  deduction  for  an  exemption,  unless  the  deduc- 
tion arises  from  a  multiple  support  agreement  or  (b)  your 
unmarried  child,  grandchild,  or  stepchild,  even  though  such 
child  is  not  a  dependent. 

You  also  qualify  if  you  pay  more  than  one-half  the  cost  ot 
maintaining  a  household  (not  necessarily  your  home)  which 
is  the  principal  place  of  abode  of  your  father  or  mother  and 
either  qualifies  as  your  dependent. 

The  cost  of  maintaining  a  household  includes  expendi- 
tures for  such  items  as: 

1 .  Maintenance  of  the  dwelling  and  premises.  For  exam- 
ple, rent  (or  if  the  taxpayer  owns  his  home,  real  estate  taxes 
and  interest  on  a  mortgage  on  the  home),  insurance  on  the 
dwelling  and  premises,  repairs,  and  upkeep. 

2.  Utilities.  For  example,  gas,  telephone,  electricity, 
water,  and  fuel. 

3.  Food  consumed  in  the  home. 

The  cost  of  maintaining  a  household  is  computed  without 
regard  to  the  value  of  personal  services  performed  by  a 
member  of  the  household,  including  the  taxpayer. 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


103 


The  above  expenditures  are  to  be  used  only  for  determin- 
ing whether  you  are  entitled  to  the  use  of  the  head  of  house- 
hold tax  rate.  Do  not  claim  them  as  deductions  on  your 
return  unless  they  are  otherwise  allowable. 

If  you  are  married  to  a  nonresident  alien  at  any  time  dur- 
ing your  taxable  year  but  otherwise  meet  *he  foregoing  tests, 
you  are  considered  a  "Head  of  Household"  since  you  are 
not  permitted  to  file  a  joint  return. 

If  you  qualify  as  a  surviving  widow  or  widower  as 
described  in  the  next  paragraph,  as  well  as  a  head  of 
household,  it  will  be  to  your  advantage  to  compute  your 
tax  as  a  surviving  widow  or  widower. 


Surviving  Widow  Or  Widower 

Under  certain  conditions  a  taxpayer  whose  husband  or 
wife  has  died  during  either  of  his  two  preceding  taxable 
years  may  compute  his  tax  by  including  only  his  income, 
exemptions,  and  deductions  but  otherwise  computing  the 
tax  as  if  a  joint  return  had  been  filed. 

The  conditions  are  that  the  taxpayer  must  not  have 
remarried,  and  must  (a)  maintain  as  his  home  a  household 
which  is  the  principal  place  of  abode  of  a  child  or  stepchild 
for  whom  he  is  entitled  to  a  deduction  for  an  exemption 
and  {b)  have  been  entitled  to  file  a  joint  return  with  his 
wife  (or  husband)  in  the  year  of  death. 


HOW  TO  CLAIM  YOUR  EXEMPTIONS 

You  are  Allowed  a  Deduction  of  $600  for  Each  Exemption  for  Which  You  Qualify  as  Explained  Below 


Exemptions  For  You  And  Wife 

For  You. — You,  as  the  taxpayer,  are  always  entitled  to  at 
least  one  exemption.  If,  at  the  end  of  your  taxable  year, 
you  were  blind  or  were  65  or  over,  you  get  two  exemp- 
tions. If  you  were  both  blind  and  65  or  over,  you  get 
three  exemptions. 

For  Your  Wife. — You  get  exemptions  for  your  wife  (or 
husband)  if  you  and  she  are  filing  a  joint  return.  If  you 
file  a  separate  return,  you  may  claim  her  exemptions  only 
if  «he  had  no  income  and  did  not  receive  more  than  half 
her  support  from  another  taxpayer.  Otherwise,  your  wife's 
exemptions  are  like  your  own — one,  if  she  was  neither 
blind  nor  65  or  over;  two,  if  she  was  either  blind  or  65  or 
over;  three,  if  she  was  both  blind  and  65  or  over. 
In  Case  Of  Death. — If  wife  or  husband  died  during  1954, 
the  number  of  his  or  her  exemptions  is  determined  as  of  the 
date  of  death. 

Proof  Of  Blindness.- — If  totally  blind,  a  statement  of  such  fact 
must  be  attached  to  the  return.  If  partially  blind,  attach 
a  statement  from  a  qualified  physician  or  a  registered 
optometrist  that  (1)  central  visual  acuity  did  not  exceed 
20/200  in  the  better  eye  with  correcting  lenses,  or  (2)  that 
the  widest  diameter  of  the  visual  field  subtends  an  angle 
no  greater  than  20°. 

Exemptions  For  Your  Children 

You  are  entitled  to  one  exemption  for  each  child  (in- 
cluding a  stepchild,  or  legally  adopted  child),  if  during 
the  taxable  year,  that  child: 

1.  Received  more  than  one-half  of  his  or  her  support 
from  you  (or  from  yoiu-  husband  or  wife  if  this  is  a  joint 
return),  and 

2.  Had  not  attained  the  age  of  19  or  was  a  student  (if 
the  child  is  19  or  over  and  not  a  student,  he  must  have 
rersived  less  than  S600  gross  income),  and 

3.  Did  not  file  a  joint  return  with  her  husband  (or  his 
wife),  and 

4.  Was  either  a  citizen  or  resident  of  the  United  States  or 
a  resident  of  Canada,  Mexico,  the  Republic  of  Panama  or 
the  Canal  Zone.  For  the  exemption  in  the  case  of  children 
wlio  are  residents  of  the  Republic  of  the  Philippines  and 
were  born  to  or  were  legally  adopted  by  servicemen  in  the 
Philippine  Islands  before  July  5, 1946,  consult  your  Internal 
Revenue  Service  office. 

The  law  defines  a  student  as  an  individual  who  during 
each  of  five  calendar  months  during  the  calendar  year  in 
which  the  taxable  year  of  the  taxpayer  begins  is  a  full-time 
student  at  an  educational  institution  or  is  pursuing  a  full- 
time  course  of  institutional  on-farm  training  under  the 
supervision  of  an  accredited  agent  of  an  educational  insti- 
tution or  of  a  State  or  political  subdivision  of  a  State.  The 
term  educational  institution  means  only  an  educational  in- 


stitution which  normally  maintains  a  regular  faculty  and 
curriculum  and  normally  has  a  regularly  organized  body 
of  students  in  attendance  at  the  place  where  its  educational 
activities  are  carried  on. 

Amounts  received  as  scholarships  for  study  at  an  educa- 
tional institution  need  not  be  taken  into  account  in  deter- 
mining whether  a  child  who  qualifies  under  the  above 
definition  as  a  "student"  received  more  than  one-half  of 
his  or  her  support  from  you. 

Exemptions  For  Dependents  Other  Than  Your 
Children 

You  are  entitled  to  one  exemption  for  each  other  depend- 
ent who  meets  all  the  following  requirements  for  the  year: 

1.  Received  less  than  $600  gross  income,  and 

2.  Received  more  than  one-half  of  his  or  her  support  from 
you  (or  from  husband  or  wife  if  this  is  a  joint  return),  and 

3.  Did  not  file  a  joint  return  with  her  husband  (or  his 
wife),  and 

4.  Was  either  a  citizen  or  resident  of  the  United  States  or  a 
resident  of  Canada,  Mexico,  the  Republic  of  Panama  or  the 
Canal  Zone,  and 

5.  (a)  Was  related  to  you  (or  to  husband  or  wife  if  this  is 
a  joint  return)  in  one  of  the  following  ways: 

Mother  Stepbrother  Son-in-law 

Father  Stepsister  Daughter-in-law 

Grandmother  Stepmother  The  following  if 

Grandfather  Stepfather  related  by  blood: 

Brother  Mother-in-law  Uncle — 

.Sister  Father-in-law  Aunt — 

Grandson  Brother-in-law  Nephew — 

Granddaughter  Sister-in-law  Niece — 

or,  (b)  had  as  his  principal  place  of  abode  your  home  and 
was  a  member  of  your  household,  even  if  not  related  to  you. 

Exemptions  For  Individuals  Supported  by  More 
Than  One  Taxpayer 

If  several  persons  contributed  toward  the  support  of  an 
individual  during  the  taxable  year,  but  none  contributed 
over  half  of  the  support,  they  may  designate  one  of  their 
number  to  claim  the  exemption,  if: 

(a)  They  as  a  group  have  provided  over  half  of  the  sup- 
port of  the  individual;  and 

(b)  Each  of  them,  had  he  contributed  over  half  of  the 
support,  would  have  been  able  to  claim  the  individual 
as  a  dependent;  and 

(c)  The  person  claiming  the  exemption  for  the  individual 
contributed  over  10  percent  of  the  support;  and 

(d)  Each  person  described  in  (b)  above  (other  than  the 
person  claiming  the  exemption)  who  contributed  over  10 
percent  of  the  individual's  support  files  a  declaration  that 
he  will  not  claim  the  individual  as  a  dependent  for  the  year. 
Consult  your  Internal  Revenue  Service  office  for  informa- 
tion regarding  the  filing  of  these  declarations. 


104 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 
HOW  TO  REPORT  YOUR  INCOME 


What  Income  Is  Taxed 

The  law  says  all   kinds  of  income  in  whatever  form 
received  are  subject  to  tax  with  specific  exceptions.    This 


means  that  all  income  which  is  not  specifically  exempt 
must  be  included  in  your  return,  even  though  it  may  be 
offset  by  expenses  and  other  deductions. 


Examples  of  Income  Which  Must  Be  Reported 

Wages,  salaries,  bonuses,  commissions 

Tips  and  gratuities  for  services  rendered 

Dividends  and  other  earnings  from  investments 

Interest  from  loans  and  bonds,  including  Federal  bonds  issued  on  or 
after  March  1,  1941 

Industrial,  civil  service  and  other  pensions,  annuities,  endowments 

Rents,  and  royalties  from  property,  patents,  copyrights 

Profits  from  business  or  profession 

Profit  from  sale  of  real  estate,  securities,  autos 

Your  share  of  partnership  profits 

Your  share  of  estate  or  trust  income 

Contest  prizes 

Gambling  winnings 

Alimony,  separate  maintenance  or  support  payments  received  from 
(and  deductible  by)  your  husband  (or  wife).  For  details  see  Mis- 
cellaneous Section  relative  to  deductions. 


Examples  of  Income  Which  Should  Not  Be  Reported 

Armed  forces  pay  due  to  active  service  in  a  combat  zone  or  while 
hospitalized  from  such  service  after  June  24,  1950 — enlisted  men's 
entire  service  pay  for  each  month;  officers'  service  pay  up  to  S200 
for  each  month.  Your  service  withholding  statement  (Form  W-2) 
does  not  include  this  nontaxable  service  pay  but  shows  only  the  pay 
you  must  report 

All  Government  payments  and  benefits  made  to  veterans  and  their 
families,  except  nondisability  retirement  pay  and  interest  on  ter- 
minal leave  bonds 

Dividends  on  veterans'  Government  insurance 

Federal  and  State  Social  Security  benefits 

Railroad  Retirement  Act  benefits 

Gifts,  inheritances,  bequests 

Workmen's  compensation,  insurance,  damages,  etc.,  for  bodily  injury 
or  sickness 

Interest  on  State  and  municipal  bonds 

Life  insurance  proceeds  upon  death. 


Wages,  Salaries,  Etc. 

You  must  report  your  wages,  salaries,  fees,  commissions, 
bonuses,  and  other  payments  for  your  pensonal  services  even 
though  tax  has  been  withheld  by  your  employer. 

Exclusions  From  Salaries  And  Wages 

The  new  law  allows  you  to  exclude  from  wages  amounts 
received  as  wages  or  in  place  of  wages  under  a  wage  con- 
tinuation plan  for  the  period  during  which  you  were  absent 
from  work  on  account  of  personal  injuries  or  sickness.  This 
amount  may  not  exceed  a  weekly  rate  of  SIOO.  (This  limi- 
tation applies  only  to  amounts  received  under  plans  which 
are  financed  by  the  employer.  If  the  plan  is  one  to  which 
you  contributed,  the  amounts  received  which  are  attribut- 
able to  your  contributions  are  excludable  without  limit.) 

If  your  absence  is  due  to  illness,  the  exclusion  does  not 
apply  to  the  amounts  received  for  the  first  7  calendar  days. 
However,  if  you  were  hospitalized  on  account  of  sickness 
for  at  least  one  day  during  the  illness  then  the  exclusion 
applies  from  the  fir.st  day  of  absence.  In  cases  where  the 
payments  e.xceed  a  weekly  rate  of  SIOO,  the  exclusion  is 
figured  by  multiplying  the  amount  received  by  100  and 
dividing  the  result  by  the  weekly  rate  of  payment.  If  you 
received  such  payments,  enter  your  gross  wages  in  item  2, 
page  1  of  Form  1040,  and  enter  in  item  3  the  amount  to  be 
excluded.     Attach  a  statement  showing  your  computation. 

You  may  also  exclude  from  gross  income  amounts 
received  under  an  accident  or  health  plan  which  are  paid 
directly  or  indirectly  to  you  to  reimburse  you  for  expenses 
for  the  medical  care  of  yourself,  your  wife  (or  husband), 
or  your  dependents.  However,  you  may  not  claim  a 
deduction  for  medical  expense  for  these  amounts. 
Report  Total  Wages  Bejore  Pay-Roil  Deductions. — When  your 
employer  deducts  taxes,  insurance,  union  dues,  savings 
bond  subscriptions,  social  security,  pension  fund  contribu- 
tions, community  chest,  or  other  items  from  your  pay, 
these  amounts  are  still  part  of  your  wages.  You  must 
report  your  total  wages  in  the  amount  that  would  have  been 
paid  if  your  employer  had  not  made  any  deductions. 
Tips  and  Gratuities. — The  law  requires  you  to  include  in 
your  wages  all  tips,  gratuities,  bonuses,  and  similar  pay- 
ments for  services  rendered  whether  you  get  them  from  a 
customer  or  from  your  employer.  Legally,  these  are  not 
"gifts,"  even  though  sometimes  called  by  that  name. 
Payment  In  Merchandise,  Etc. — If  your  employer  pays  part 
or  all  of  your  wages  in  merchandise,  services,  stock,  or 


other  things  of  value,  you  must  determine  the  fair  market 
value  of  such  items  and  include  it  in  your  wages. 
Meals  and  Living  Qjiarlers. — Employees  who,  as  a  matter  of 
choice,  receive  meals  and  lodging  from  their  employers 
whether  or  not  it  is  stipulated  to  be  part  of  their  salaries 
must  include  in  income  the  fair  market  value  of  the  meals 
and  lodging. 

However,  if,  for  the  convenience  of  your  employer,  your 
meals  are  furnished  at  your  place  of  employment  or  you  are 
required  to  accept  lodging  at  your  place  of  employment  as 
a  condition  of  your  employment,  the  value  of  the  meals  or 
lodging  is  not  to  be  reported  in  your  return. 

Trade  and  Business  Deductions  of  Employees 

Reimbursed  Expenses  Other  Than  Jor  Travel  and  Transporta- 
tion.— If  your  employer  pays  you  an  "expense  account"  or 
otherwise  reimburses  you  for  money  spent  for  him  in  con- 
nection with  your  employment  (other  than  "travel  and 
transportation"),  you  should  add  these  payments  to  your 
wages,  and  then  subtract  your  actual  allowable  expenses 
of  this  type  but  not  more  than  the  reimbursements.  Attach 
a  detailed  statement  in  explanation.  Any  allowable  ex- 
pense in  excess  of  the  reimbursed  amount  may  be  deducted 
as  Miscellaneous  Expenses  on  page  3  of  your  return  if  you 
itemize  your  deductions. 

Out-Of-Town  Travel  Expenses. — The  law  provides  special 
deductions  for  the  expenses  of  travel  while  away  from  home 
in  connection  with  your  employer's  business.  Traveling 
"away  from  home"  means  going  away  from  the  city  or 
town  where  you  normally  work  and  remaining  away  at 
least  overnight.  "Travel  expenses"  means  the  cost  of 
transportation  fares,  meals,  and  lodging,  and  includes 
porters'  tips,  hire  of  public  stenographers,  baggage  charges, 
and  similar  expenses  necessary  to  travel.  Travel  expenses 
do  not  include  any  entertainment  expenses  or  any  personal 
expenses  such  as  laundry.  Any  amount  paid  to  you  to  cover 
these  expenses  must  be  included  in  your  wages.  You  can 
deduct  your  full  "travel  expenses"  from  your  wages  before 
writing  the  balance  of  your  wages  in  item  2,  page  1.  Attach 
a  statement  to  your  return  explaining  in  detail  the  expenses 
you  deduct.  If  you  choose  to  live  away  from  the  city  where 
you  regularly  work,  or  do  not  transfer  your  home  when  your 
employer  transfers  your  work  to  a  different  city,  the  law 
does  not  allow  any  "travel  deduction"  resulting  from  your 
choice  of  residence. 

Other  Transportation  Expenses. —  Even  though  you  do  not 
travel   away  from   home,   as  explained  above,   you   may 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


105 


deduct  from  your  wages  or  other  compensation,  before 
entering  the  balance  on  page  1,  transportation  expenses 
paid  in  connection  with  the  performance  of  services  for  your 
employer.  Transportation  expenses  include  payments  for 
actual  travel  or,  if  you  use  your  own  car,  the  business  por- 
tion of  the  cost  of  operation,  including  fuel,  repairs,  and 
depreciation.  Any  reimbursement  of  these  expenses  must 
be  included  in  your  income.  Attach  a  statement  to  your 
return  explaining  in  detail  the  expenses  you  deduct. 
Going  To  and  From  Work. — The  law  regards  the  cost  of 
transportation  between  your  residence  and  your  principal 
place  of  employment  as  personal  expense  and  does  not 
allow  you  to  deduct  such  cost,  no  matter  how  far  you  live 
from  work,  or  how  expensive  the  transportation  may  be. 
Expenses  Of  Outside  Salesmen. — The  new  law  allows  "Outside 
Salesmen"  to  deduct  all  their  ordinary  and  necessary  busi- 
ness expenses  from  their  compensation  before  entering  the 
balance  in  item  2,  page  1.  This  applies  only  to  sales- 
men who  are  engaged  full-time  in  soliciting  business  for 
their  employers  away  from  their  employer's  place  of  busi- 
ness. The  term  does  not  include  one  whose  principal 
activities  consist  of  service  and  delivery  such  as  a  milk-driver 
salesman. 

Other  Expenses  0/  Employees. — The  expenses  set  forth  above 
are  the  only  ones  which  may  be  deducted  from  salaries  and 
wages  on  page  1  of  Form  1040  by  employees.  If  you  file  a 
Short-Form  1040,  or  if  you  take  the  standard  deduction  on 
a  Long-Form  1040,  you  automatically  receive  an  allowance 
for  a  deduction  which  takes  the  place  of  all  other  employ- 
ment expenses  and  nonbusiness  deductions.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  you  itemize  your  deductions  on  a  Long-Form  1040, 
you  can  deduct  the  cost  of  tools,  materials,  dues  to  unions 
and  professional  societies,  entertaining  customers,  and  other 
expenses  which  are  ordinary  and  necessary  in  connection 
with  your  employment.  These  items  may  be  itemized  and 
deducted  on  page  3  under  the  heading  "Miscellaneous." 

Dividends 

If  you  own  stock,  the  payments  you  receive  out  of  the 
company's  earnings  and  profits  are  called  dividends  and 
must  be  reported  in  your  tax  return.  Usually  dividends 
are  paid  in  cash,  but  if  paid  in  merchandise  or  other  prop- 
erty, they  are  taxable  at  their  fair  market  value. 

If  a  distribution  is  not  paid  from  earnings  and  profits,  it  is 
not  taxable  as  a  dividend,  but  is  treated  as  reduction  of  the 
cost  or  other  basis  of  your  stock.  These  distributions  are  not 
taxable  until  they  exceed  your  cost  or  other  basis,  after 
which  you  must  generally  include  any  additional  receipts 
as  gains  from  the  sale  or  exchange  of  property,  for  which 
special  tax  treatment  is  provided. 

In  some  cases  a  corporation  distributes  both  a  dividend 
and  a  repayment  of  capital  at  the  same  time;  the  check 
or  notice  will  usually  show  them  separately.  In  any  case, 
you  must  report  the  dividend  portion  as  income. 

There  arc  special  rules  applicable  to  stock  dividends  or 
stock  rights;  ask  your  Internal  Revenue  Service  office  for 
more  complete  information. 

If  your  taxable  year  ends  after  July  31,  1954,  you  may 
exclude  from  your  income  S50  of  dividends  recei\ed  from 
domestic  corporations  during  your  taxable  year.  Use 
Schedule  J,  page  4,  to  show  the  exclusion.  However,  this 
exclusion  does  not  apply  to  dividends  recei\ed  from: 

(a)  life  insurance  companies,  and  mutual  insurance  com- 
panies (other  than  mutual  marine  or  mutual  fire  insurance 
companies  issuing  perpetual  policies). 

(b)  China  Trade  Act  corporations. 

(c)  so-called  exempt  organizations  (charitable,  fraternal, 
etc.)  and  farmer's  cooperative  organizations. 

(d)  mutual  savings  banks,  cooperative  banks,  domestic 


building  and  loan  associations,  domestic  savings  and  loan 
associations.  Federal  savings  and  loan  associations  on  de- 
posits or  withdrawable  accounts.  Dividends  from  these 
organizations  must  be  reported  as  interest  in  Schedule  B, 
on  page  2  of  Form  1040  and  not  as  dividends. 

(e)  regulated  investment  companies  except  to  the  extent 
designated  by  the  company  to  be  taken  into  account  as  a 
dividend  for  these  purposes. 

(f)  corporations  deriving  80  percent  or  more  of  their 
income  from  U.  S.  possessions  and  50  percent  or  more  of 
their  income  from  active  conduct  of  a    business   therein. 

If  a  joint  return  is  filed  and  both  husband  and  wife  have 
dividend  income,  each  one  may  exclude  up  to  $50  of 
dividends  received  from  qualifying  corporations,  but  one 
may  not  use  any  portion  of  the  S50  exclusion  not  used  by 
the  other.  For  example,  if  the  husband  has  S200  in  divi- 
dends, and  the  wife  has  S20,  only  S70  may  be  excluded  on  a 
joint  return. 

See  page  15  for  the  dividends  received  credit. 

Interest 

You  must  include  in  your  return  any  interest  you  receive 
or  which  is  credited  to  your  account  (whether  entered  in 
your  pass-book  or  not)  and  can  be  withdrawn  by  you.  All 
interest  on  bonds,  debentures,  notes,  savings  accounts,  or 
loans  is  taxable,  e.xcept  for  certain  governmental  issues. 
For  example,  some  of  the  interest  which  is  fully  exempt 
from  tax  is  (a)  interest  from  State  and  municipal  bonds  and 
securities  and  (b)  interest  on  any  S5,000  principal  value  of 
Treasury  bonds  issued  before  March  1,  1941. 

You  must  include  in  your  gross  income  the  interest  from 
certain  United  States  securities  issued  prior  to  March  1, 
1941,  which  was  exempt  from  the  normal  tax  by  the 
acts  authorizing  their  issuance.  However,  under  the  new 
law  you  now  receive  a  credit  against  your  tax  computed 
according  to  the  instructions  on  page  14.  The  following 
securities  are  examples  of  those  for  which  the  credit  for 
partially  tax-e.xempt  interest  is  allowed:  (a)  Treasury 
bonds  in  excess  of  S5,000  issued  before  March  1,  1941;  (b) 
"dividends"  on  shares  of  Federal  savings  and  loan  associa- 
tions if  the  shares  were  issued  before  March  28,  1942. 

The  interest  on  U.  S.  Government  bonds  and  securities 
issued  on  or  after  March  1,  1941,  is  fully  taxable. 

If  you  own  United  States  Savings  or  War  bonds  (Series 
A  to  F,  inclusive),  the  gradual  increase  in  value  of  each 
bond  (as  shown  in  the  table  on  its  back)  is  considered  in- 
terest, but  you  need  not  report  it  in  your  tax  return  until 
you  cash  the  bond  or  until  the  year  of  final  maturity  which- 
ever is  earlier.  However,  you  may  at  any  time  elect  to 
report  each  year  the  annual  increase  in  value,  but  if  you 
do  so  you  must  report  in  the  first  year  the  entire  increase 
to  date  and  must  continue  to  report  the  annual  increase 
each  year. 

Itemize  your  interest  in  Schedule  B,  page  2,  stating  the 
name  of  the  payor  and  the  amount  of  interest  received. 

Business  Or  Profession 

General. — The  law  taxes  the  profits  from  a  business  or 
profession — not  its  total  receipts.  Therefore,  separate 
Schedule  C,  which  contains  further  instructions,  is  pro- 
vided to  help  you  figure  your  profit  or  loss  from  business. 
Generally,  you  may  deduct  the  ordinary  and  necessary 
expenses  of  doing  business — cost  of  merchandise,  salaries, 
interest,  taxes,  rent,  repairs,  and  incidental  supplies.  In 
the  case  of  capital  investments  and  improvements  in  depre- 
ciable property,  such  as  buildings,  machines,  fixtures,  and 
similar  items  having  a  useful  life  of  more  than  one  year,  the 
law  provides  a  depreciation  allowance  as  the  method  of 


106 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


deducting  the  cost  over  the  life  of  the  property.  For  further 
information  on  depreciation,  see  page  11. 

If  some  of  your  expenses  are  part  business  and  part  per- 
sonal, you  can  deduct  the  business  portion  but  not  the  per- 
sonal portion.  For  instance,  a  doctor  who  uses  his  car  half 
for  business  can  deduct  only  half  the  operating  expenses. 

Everyone  engaged  in  a  trade  or  business  and  makiiig  pay- 
ments to  another  person  of  salaries,  wages,  commissions, 
interest,  rent,  etc.,  of  S600  or  more  in  the  course  of  such 
trade  or  business  during  his  taxable  year  must  file  informa- 
tion returns.  Forms  1096  and  1099,  to  report  such  payments. 
If  a  portion  of  such  salary  or  wage  payments  was  reported 
on  a  Withholding  Statement  (Form  W-2),  only  the  re- 
mainder must  be  reported  on  Form  1099.  Information 
returns  are  not  required  unless  the  payments  are  made  in 
the  course  of  business. 

Individuals  in  business  may  under  certain  conditions  elect 
to  report  and  pay  income  tax  on  such  business  income  on 
the  same  basis  as  a  domestic  corporation.  For  full  details 
consult  your  Internal  Revenue  Service  ofTice. 

Accrual-Method  Taxpayers  Only — Prepaid  Income  and  Reserves 
jor  Estimated  Expenses. — Under  the  new  la\v  a  taxpayer  using 
the  accrual  method  of  accounting  in  a  trade  or  business  may 
elect  to  take  prepaid  income  into  account  proportionately 
in  the  year  of  receipt  and  subsequent  taxable  years  (not  to 
exceed  five),  and  may  elect  to  deduct  for  the  taxable  year  an 
addition  to  a  reserve  for  estimated  expenses.  Prepaid  income 
is  income  received  in  a  transaction  in  which  you  undertake 
to  render  services,  furnish  goods  or  other  property,  or  allow 
the  use  of  property  beyond  the  end  of  the  taxable  year. 

An  election  to  deduct  additions  to  reserves  for  estimated 
expenses  applies  to  expenses  part  or  all  of  which  would 
be  taken  into  account  for  subsequent  taxable  years  but 
are  attributable  to  income  received  in  the  current  taxable 
year.  In  order  to  qualify  as  a  deduction  it  is  necessary  that 
such  expenses  be  estimated  with  reasonable  accuracy.  The 
election  to  take  estimated  expenses  into  account  does  not 
apply  to  expenses  attributable  to  income  which  you  elect 
to  treat  as  prepaid  income  nor  does  it  apply  to  additions  to 
reserves  for  bad  debts.  For  additions  to  reserves  for  bad 
debts  see  separate  Schedule  C. 

For  more  information  concerning  the  requirements  to 
make  elections  with  respect  to  prepaid  income  and  esti- 
mated expenses  (and  the  detailed  statements  which  must 
be  submitted  when  making  the  election)  consult  your 
Internal  Revenue  Service  oflice. 

Farming 

For  tlie  assistance  of  farmers,  a  separate  schedule.  Form 
1040F,  is  provided  and  must  be  used  by  all  farmers  who 
report  on  the  cash  method.  This  form  is  optional  with 
farmers  who  keep  books  on  the  accrual  method. 

Farmers  must  report  as  business  income  all  Government 
payments,  such  as  milk  subsidy  and  conservation  payments 
and  amounts  received  under  the  Soil  Conservation  and 
Domestic  Allotment  Act,  as  amended,  section  303  of  the 
Agricultural  Adjustment  Act,  as  amended,  and  the  Sugar 
Act  of  1937.  A  taxpayer  may  elect  to  treat  as  income 
loans  received  from  the  Commodity  Credit  Corporation. 
If  he  does  so,  he  must  continue  to  report  them  as  income 
unless  he  secures  permission  to  change. 

Farmers  who  market  produce  through  a  cooperative 
should  add  any  patronage  dividends  received  in  the 
taxable  year  to  their  gross  receipts  from  farming.  Farmers 
who  buy,  through  a  cooperative,  implements,  gasoline, 
seed,  fertilizer,  or  other  items  for  use  in  their  business 
should  either  reduce  the  cost  of  such  items  by  the  amount 


of  patronage  dividends  received  or  add  the  patronage 
dividends  to  income.  Patronage  dividends  received  as 
reljates  on  purchases  of  items  not  used  in  yotir  business 
should  be  omitted  from  your  return.  Patronage  dividends 
are  considered  paid  when  remitted  in  cash,  merchandise, 
stock  certificates,  or  when  credited  to  you. 

If  livestock  are  sold  or  exchanged  because  they  are  dis- 
eased, or  if  property  is  sold  or  disposed  of  to  meet  acreage 
limitations  under  Federal  reclamation  laws,  the  sale  or  dis- 
position may  be  treated  as  an  involuntary  conversion  pro- 
vided proceeds  are  reinvested  in  similar  property.  Such 
reinvestment  must  generally  be  made  within  a  year. 

Soil  and  Water  Conservation  Expenditures. — If  you  are  en- 
gaged in  the  business  of  farming,  you  may  deduct  certain 
expenditures  made  by  you  (including  any  amount  paid  on 
any  assessment  levied  by  a  soil  or  water  conservation  or 
drainage  district  to  defray  expenditures  made  by  such 
district)  for  soil  or  water  conservation  and  the  prevention 
of  erosion  if  such  expenditures  are  in  respect  of  land  used 
by  you  in  your  farming  operations.  The  term  expendi- 
tures means  expenditures  (a)  for  the  treatment  or  moving 
of  earth,  including  but  not  limited  to  leveling,  grading, 
terracing,  contour  furrowing;  (b)  the  construction,  control, 
and  protection  of  diversion  channels,  drainage  ditches, 
earthen  dams,  watercourses,  outlets,  and  ponds;  (c)  the 
eradication  of  brush;  and  (d)  the  planting  of  windbreaks. 
You  may  not  deduct  expendianes  for  the  construction,  in- 
stallation, or  improvement  of  facilities  which  are  subject 
to  the  allowance  for  depreciation. 

The  allowable  deduction  for  any  one  year  may  not 
exceed  25  percent  of  your  gross  income  from  farming  but 
any  excess  may  be  carried  over  to  succeeding  years  with 
the  same  limit  applying  to  those  years.  The  phrase  "gross 
income  from  farming"  means  the  gross  income  of  the  farmer 
from  the  production  of  crops,  fruits  or  other  agricultural 
products  or  from  livestock  and  includes  such  income  from 
a  farm  other  than  the  one  on  which  expenditures  for  soil 
and  water  conservation  or  for  the  prevention  of  erosion 
were  made. 

To  claim  a  deduction  for  these  expenditures  you  must 
(a)  elect  to  do  so  for  the  first  taxable  year  which  began  after 
December  31,  1953,  and  ended  after  August  16,  1954  for 
which  such  expenditures  are  paid;  or,  (b)  .secure  consent 
from  the  Internal  Revenue  Service.  Once  you  have  elected 
to  do  so,  you  must  continue  to  treat  these  expenditures  as 
deductions  in  all  future  taxable  years  unless  you  secure  con- 
sent from  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  to  change. 


Partnership 

A  partnership  does  not  pay  income  tax  in  the  firm's 
name.  Each  partner  must  report  in  his  personal  tax  return 
his  share  of  his  partnership's  income  and  pay  tax  on  it. 

Include  in  Schedule  C  Summary,  page  2  of  Form  1040, 
your  share  of  the  ordinary  net  income  (whether  actually 
received  by  you  or  not)  or  the  net  loss  of  a  partnership, 
joint  venture,  or  the  like,  whose  taxable  year  ends  within 
the  year  covered  by  your  return.  Other  income  and  de- 
ductions to  be  carried  to  your  individual  return  are  shown 
in  Schedule  K  of  the  partnership  return. 

If  the  partnership  is  engaged  in  a  trade  or  business,  the 
individual  partner  may  be  subject  to  the  self-employment 
tax  on  his  share  of  the  partnership's  self-employment  in- 
come. In  such  a  case  the  partner's  share  of  partnership 
self-employment  net  earnings  (or  loss)  should  be  entered 
on  line  30,  separate  Schedule  C. 


8 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


107 


Net  Operating  Loss 

If.  in  1954,  your  business  or  profession  lost  money  instead 
of  making  a  profit  or  if  you  had  a  casualty  Ids';,  or  a  loss 
from  the  sale  or  other  disposition  of  depreciable  property 
(or  real  property)  used  in  your  trade  or  business,  you  can 
apply  these  losses  against  your  other  1954  income.  If  these 
losses  exceed  your  other  income,  the  excess  of  this  "net  oper- 
ating loss"'  may  be  carried  back  to  offset  your  income  for 
1952  or  1953,  and  any  remaining  excess  may  be  carried  for- 
ward against  your  income  for  the  years  1955  through  1959. 
If  a  carryback  entitles  you  to  a  refund  of  prior  year  taxes,  ask 
the  District  Director  for  Form  1045  to  claim  a  quick  refund. 
For  further  information,  see  section  1 72  of  the  Internal  Rev- 
enue Code  of  1954  and  section  122  of  the  1939  Code. 

If  you  had  a  loss  in  preceding  years  which  may  be  carried 
over  to  1954,  you  should  claim  a  net  operating  loss  deduc- 
tion on  line  5  of  Schedule  C  Summary,  page  2.  of  Form  1040 
whether  or  not  there  are  other  items  to  be  entered,  and  file 
a  conci.se  statement  setting  forth  this  computation. 

Self -employment  Tax 

Every  self-employed  individual  will  ha\e  to  file  an  annual 
return  of  his  self-einplovnient  income  on  Form  1040  if  he 
has  at  least  S400  of  net  earnings  from  self-employment  in  liis 
taxable  year,  even  though  he  may  not  iiave  sufncient  income 
to  rec|uire  the  filing  of  an  income  tax  return. 

If  your  income  is  derived  solely  from  salary  or  wages,  or 
from  di\idends  and  interest  on  investments,  capital  gains, 
annuities,  or  pensions,  you  will  have  no  self-employment 
income  and  no  self-employment  tax  to  pay. 

Generally,  if  you  carry  on  a  business  as  a  sole  proprietor, 
or  if  you  render  service  as  an  independent  contractor,  or  as  a 
member  of  a  partnership  or  similar  organization,  you  will 
have  self-employment  income. 

The  computation  of  your  self-employment  tax  is  made  on 
separate  Schedule  C  which,  with  attached  Schedule  C-a, 
should  be  filed  with  your  individual  income  tax  return. 
The  self-employment  tax  is  a  part  of  the  income  tax. 

Any  declaration  of  estimated  tax  required  to  be  filed  need 
not  include  estimated  tax  on  self-employment  income. 

Sale  and  Exchange  of  Property 

If  you  sell  your'house,  car,  furniture,  securities,  real  estate, 
or  any  other  kind  of  property,  you  must  report  any  profit 
on  your  tax  return.  Generally,  such  profits  are  capital 
gains  if  the  property  was  not  held  for  sale  to  customers  in 
the  ordinary  course  of  business.  Separate  Schedule  D  is 
provided  to  compute  capital  gains  and  losses,  and  the 
results  from  other  transactions  in  property. 
Sale  of  Homes,  Etc. — Gener.\l  Rule. — The  law  requires  you 
to  report  any  gains  from  the  sale  or  exchange  of  your  resi- 
dence or  other  nonbusiness  property,  but  does  not  allow 
you  to  claim  any  loss  from  the  sale  of  a  home  or  other  asset 
which  was  not  held  for  the  purpose  of  producing  income. 
Your  gain  from  the  sale  of  this  kind  of  property  is  the 
clifTcrence  between  (1)  the  sales  price  and  (2)  your  original 
cost  plus  the  cost  of  permanent  improvements.  If  deprecia- 
tion was  allowed  or  allowable  during  any  period  because 
you  rented  the  house  or  used  part  of  it  for  business  purposes, 
then  the  original  cost  must  be  reduced  by  the  amount  of 
depreciation  which  was  allowed  or  allowable. 
Speci.al  Rule  for  Sale  of  Residence  .\t  a  Gain. — If  you 
sold  or  exchanged  your  residence  during  1954  at  a  gain  and 
within  one  year  after  (or  before)  the  sale,  you  purchased 
and  occupied  another  residence,  none  of  the  gain  is  taxable 
if  the  cost  of  the  new  residence  equals  or  exceeds  the  ad- 
justed sales  price  of  the  old  residence.    See,  however,  in- 


structions below  for  inforn^iation  to  be  furnished.  If  in- 
stead of  purchasing  another  residence,  you  begin  construc- 
tion of  a  new  residence  (either  one  year  before  or  within 
one  year  after  the  sale  of  your  old  residence)  and  occupy  it 
not  later  than  18  months  after  the  sale,  none  of  the  gain 
upon  the  sale  is  taxable  if  your  cost  of  construction  plus 
the  cost  of  land  (acquired  within  the  period  beginning  one 
year  before  the  sale  and  ending  18  months  after  the  sale) 
equals  or  exceeds  the  adjusted  sales  price  of  the  old  residence. 

If  the  adjusted  sales  price  of  your  old  residence  exceeds  the 
cost  of  your  new  residence,  the  gain  on  the  sale  is  taxable  to 
the  extent  of  such  excess.  The  adjusted  sales  price  is  the 
gross  selling  price  less  commissions  and  the  expenses  for 
work  performed  on  the  residence  in  order  to  assist  in  its  sale, 
such  as  selling  and  redecorating  expenses.  Redecorating 
expenses,  however,  must  be  for  work  performed  during  the 
90-day  period  ending  on  the  day  on  w  hich  a  contract  to  sell 
is  entered  into,  and  must  be  paid  within  30  days  after  date 
of  sale. 

For  example,  assume  yoiu"  adjusted  sales  price  is  SI 5.000 
for  a  residence  \vhich  cost  you  510,000  and  you  purchase 
a  new  residence  for  $14,000.  The  taxable  portion  of  your 
gain  is  only  SI, 000,  the  diflerence  between  the  adjusted 
sales  price  of  your  original  residence  and  the  purchase 
price  of  the  new  residence.  The  nontaxable  portion  of  the 
gain  of  S4,000  ser\es  to  reduce  the  basis  of  the  new  property. 
Therefore  in  any  future  transaction  its  adjusted  basis  would 
be  110,000  (cost  of  514,000  less  non-taxable  gain  of  §4,000). 

Special  rules  apply  if  (a)  a  part  of  your  old  or  new 
residence  is  used  for  rental  or  business  purposes,  (b)  you 
sell  within  one  year  more  than  one  property  used  as  your 
principal  residence,  (c)  the  shares  of  the  husband  and  wife 
in  the  old  and  new  residences  are  not  identical,  (d)  you 
own  more  than  one  residence  at  the  same  time,  or  (e)  you 
acquired  your  new  residence  because  your  old  residence 
was  destroyed  by  a  casualty  (such  as  fire)  or  condemned. 
Consult  your  Internal  Revenue  Service  office  for  assistance 
in  reporting  the  disposal  of  such  property. 

If  you  sold  or  exchanged  your  residence,  report  the  details 
of  the  sale  in  separate  Schedule  D.  If  you  do  not  intend  to 
replace,  or  if  the  period  for  replacement  has  passed,  report 
the  details  in  the  year  of  sale.  If  you  have  acquired  and 
occupied  your  new  residence,  enter  in  coliunn  (h)  of  .Sched- 
ule D  only  the  amount  of  taxable  gain,  if  any,  and  attach 
statement  showing  the  purchase  price,  date  of  purchase, 
and  date  of  occupancy. 

If  you  have  decided  to  replace,  but  ha\e  not  done  so,  or 
if  you  are  undecided,  you  should  enter  "None"  in  coluinn  (h) 
of  Schedule  D.  When  you  do  replace  within  the  required 
period,  you  must  advise  the  District  Director,  giving  full 
details.  When  you  decide  not  to  replace,  or  the  period  has 
passed,  you  must  file  an  amended  return,  if  you  previously 
filed  a  return.  Since  any  additional  tax  due  will  bear  in- 
terest from  the  due  date  of  the  original  return  until  paid, 
it  is  advisable  to  file  the  amended  return  for  the  year  of  sale 
as  promptly  as  possible. 

The  running  of  the  1-year  period  or  the  18-month  period 
will  be  suspended  during  the  time,  if  any,  in  which  you  serve 
on  active  duty  in  the  .'Xrmed  Forces  after  the  date  of  sale  of 
the  old  residence  and  during  an  induction  period,  pursuant 
to  a  call  or  order  for  an  indefinite  period  or  for  more  than 
90  days.  This  suspension  applies  only  where  your  service 
begins  before  the  end  of  the  1-year  period  or  the  18-month 
period,  as  the  case  may  be,  and  cannot  extend  such  period 
beyond  a  date  which  falls  4  years  after  the  date  of  sale. 

If  your  residence  is  destroyed  or  condemned,  or  even  if 
you  sell  because  of  the  threat  of  condemnation,  you  may  be 
entitled  to  the  benefit  of  other  provisions  of  law  which  give 
you  a  longer  time  in  which  to  buy  a  new  residence.    If  you 


445805   O  -57  -8 


108 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 

require  more  information  about  your  particular  case,  you  nuities.    The  multiples  are  set  out  in  actuarial  tables  wWch 

should  apply  to  your  Internal  Revenue  Service  office.  will  be  furnished  by  your  Internal  Revenue  Service  office 

J^onbusiness  Bad  Debts.— U  you  fail  to  collect  a  personal  loan,  upon  request. 

you  can  list  the  bad  debt  as  a  "short-term  capital  loss"  pro-  ''Payment  received'^  is  the  total  amount  received  ior  a  year 

vided  the  loan  was  made  with  a  true  expectation  of  collect-  under  the  contract.                                                         ,    ,  nco 

in°-     So-called  loans  to  close  relatives,  which  are  really  in  Example:  D  purchased  a  life  annuity  on  January  1    1  )b2 

thS  nature  of  eifts,  must  not  be  listed  as  deductible  losses.  for  515,000  which  provides  for  annual  payments  of  51,200 

beginning  January  1,   1953.    The   multiple   applicable   in 

Annuities  and  Pensions  D's  case  as  of  January  1,  1954,  is  15.0.    During  the  year 

,  -u  ,        A        ;■  .      Th^  f„n  ^mrinnr  of  an  annuitv  or  1953,  D  received  tax-free  under  the  existing  tax  laws  $750 

Noncontnbutory  Annuities.— Tht  full  amount  ot  an  annuity  or  ^                        SI  5,000).    The  amount  of  each  payment 

a  pension  of  a  retired  -7?'°^-' jh-e  the  em  ^          d^d  ^^.-""j^'Y;/^  ^  ^,;^^  ^,^J  ^^           i„,,^,  beginning  with 

not  contribute  to  the  cost  ^^J^as  not  taxable  on  hi   em  ^             .^            determined  as  follows: 

plover  s  contributions,  must   be  included    in  his  gross  in-  i-   / 

come.    The  total  of  the  payments  received  during  his  tax-  f-sil'^Y^X- -;;,,:::  ■.;:•.:;;;;:::;;•  $15;  0^    ''■'°" 

able  year  should  be  shown  on  line  6,   t'art  1  01  Scneauie  t.  ^ess;  Amount  recovered  tax  free  in  prior  years .            750 

Other  Annuities. — Amounts  received   from  other  annuities,  

pensions,    endowments,    or   life   insurance    contracts    for   a  Investment  in  the  contract  as  of  1/1/54,  the   annuity 

reason  other  than  the  death  of  the  insured,  whether  paid  ^Jtanrng  ^ate  as^  defined^ab<^e .  .  .  .  .  .  . . . .......... .   S14,  250 

for  a  fixed  number  of  years  or  for  life,  may  have  a  portion  r^^^  amount  to  be  excluded  based  on  the  formula  above: 

ofthe  payment  excluded  from  gross  income.    The  following  $14,250     ,^    -,  „.      ...            ,,   corn 

types  are  included  under  this  rule:   (a)  pensions  where  the  sjg^OOO    ><    ^''""^  '""^'^  "^""'^  ^"" 

employee  has  either  contributed  to  its  cost  or  has  been  p  ^jn  include  in  his  income  S250  (Sl,200  — S950)  in  the 

taxed  on  his  employer's  contributions,  (b)  amounts  paid  for  yg^^  1954  g^d  each  subsequent  year  as  long  as  he  lives, 

a  reason  other  than  the  death  of  the  insured   under  an  ^         .    ^           ,  ^       ,         ,   a         :• 

annuity,  endowment,  or  life  insurance  contract,  and  (c)  Special  Rule  for  Certain  Types  of  Employees  Annuities 

amounts  paid  to  a  beneficiary,  through  an  option  in  the  There  is  a  special  rule  provided  for  amounts  received  as 

policy  or  otherwise,  in  installments  or  in  a  lump  sum  under  employees'  annuities  where  part  of  the  cost  is  contributed 

a  life  insurance  contract  at  a  date  or  dates  later  than  the  ^y  t^e  employer  and  the  amount  contributed  by  the  employee 

insured's   death   where   the    death   occurred  on   or   after  ^,\\\  i^g  returned  within  3  years  from  the  date  (whether  or 

August  17,  1954.  not  before  January  1,  1954)  of  the  first  payment  received 

Schedule  E  on  Form  1040  and  the  following  instructions  under  the  contract.  If  both  of  these  conditions  are  met,  then 
should  enable  you  to  compute  the  taxable  portion  of  the  ^\\  jp,g  payments  received  under  the  contract  are  to  be  ex- 
annuity.  If  you  are  receiving  payments  on  more  than  one  eluded  from  gross  income  until  the  employee  recovers^  his 
pension  or  annuity,  fill  out  a  separate  schedule  for  each  one.  (-qs(  (jhe  amount  contributed  by  him  plus  the  contributions 
General  Rule  jor  Annuities  made  by  the  employer  on  which  the  employee  was  previ- 

In  general,  amounts  received  from  annuities  and  pen-  ously  taxable);  thereafter  all  amounts  received  under  the 
sions  are  included  in  income  to  the  extent  they  exceed  the  contract  are  fully  taxable.    This  method  of  computing  tax- 
exclusion   described   below.    You   may  exclude  from  your  able  income  also  applies  to  employee's  beneficiary  if  em- 
income  an  amount  found  by  using  the  following  formula:  ployee  died  before  receiving  any  annuity  or  pension  payments. 
Investment  in  the  contract                   ,        •  »H  Example:  An  emplovee  receives  S200  a  month  under  an 
___^_---           X  payment  receivea  annuity.     While  he  worked,  he  contributed  $4,925  toward 

This  formula  means  that  you  divide  the  investment  in  the  cost  of  the  annuity.    His  employer  also  made  contribu- 

the   contract   by   the   expected   return   and    multiply   the  tions  toward  the  cost  of  the  annuity.    The  retired  employee 

result  by  the  payment  received  under  the  annuity,  pension,  would  be  paid  57,200  during  his  first  3  years,  which  amount 

or  contract.    Formula  terms  are  explained  below.  exceeds  his  contribution  of  $4,925.    Therefore,  he  excludes 

"Investment  in  the  contract"  is,  in  general,  the  total  amount  of  from   gross    income   all    the    payments   received    from    the 

the  premiums  or  other  consideration  paid  (the  amount  con-  annuity    until    he    has    received    $4,925.    All    payments 

tributed  by  you  plus  the  contributions  made  by  your  em-  received  thereafter  are  fully  taxable, 

olover  on  which  you  were  previously  taxable)  for  the  con-  ,       ~           ,    . 

tract  as  of  the  annuity  starting  date.    This  investment  must  Other  Types  of  Annuities 

be  reduced  by  the  amounts  received  under  the  investment  Amounts  Received   Under  Life-insurance  Policies  By  Reason  Of 

before  the  annuity  starting  date  to  the  extent  excludable  Death. — In  general,  a  lump  sum  payable  at  the  death  of  the 

from    gross    income    under    prior    income    tax    law.     The  insured   under  a  life   insurance  policy    is   excludable  from 

"annuity  starting  date"  is  the  first  day  of  the  first  period  for  the  gross   income  of  the   recipient.     When,   however,   the 

which  a  payinent  is  received  as  an  annuity  under  the  con-  beneficiary  of  a  life  insurance  contract  leaves  a  sum  on 

tract;  except  that  if  the  date  was  before  January  1,  1954,  deposit  with  the  insurer,  and  receives  interest  on  it  under 

then  the  annuity  starting  date  is  considered  January  1,  1954.  an  agreement  with  the  insurer  the  interest  is  includible  in 

"Expected  return"— There  are  two  methods  for  determining  its  entirety  in  the  beneficiary's  gross  income.     If  the  bene- 

cxpected  return  depending  on  the  type  of  contract.  ficiary  receives,  through  his  option  or  otherwise,  installment 

(a)  If  the  contract  provides  for  amounts  to  be  received  payments  at  dates  later  than  the  insured  s  death  he  or  she 
for  a  fixed  number  of  years,  then  the  expected  return  is  the  may  be  taxed  on  a  part  of  the  amount  or  amounts  so  received, 
total  amount  of  the  payments  to  be  received  after  the  Special  rules  also  apply  in  the  case  of  joint  and  survivor 
annuity  starting  date.  annuities  where  the  first  annuitant  died  in  1951,  i;5z,  or 

(b)  If  the  contract  provides  for  amounts  to  be  received  for  1 953;  where  a  refund  feature  is  involved;  where  amounts  are 
the  life  of  the  annuitant,  then  the  expected  return  is  found  received  under  an  annuity,  endowment,  or  life  insurance 
by  multiplying  the  amount  of  the  annual  payment  by  the  contract,  if  such  amount  is  not  received  as  an  annuity;  and 
multiple  applicable  to  the  age  and  sex  of  the  annuitant  as  in  cases  which  have  not  been  otherwise  explained  in  the 
of  the  annuity  starting  date.  Special  multiples  are  appli-  instructions.  See  your  Internal  Revenue  Service  office  for 
cable  in  the  case  of  payments  under  joint  and  survivor  an-  more  detailed  instructions. 

10 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


109 


Rents  and  Royalties 

If  you  are  not  engaged  in  selling  real  estate  to  customers 
but  receive  rent  from  property  owned  or  controlled  by  you, 
or  royalties  from  copyrights,  mineral  leases,  and  similar 
rights,  report  the  total  amount  received  in  Schedule  F  on 
page  2  of  Form  1040.  If  property,  other  than  cash,  was 
received  as  rent,  its  fair  market  value  should  be  reported. 

You  are  entitled  to  various  deductions  which  are  indi- 
cated in  Schedule  F.  In  the  case  of  buildings  you  can  de- 
duct depreciation,  as  explained  elsewhere  in  these  instruc- 
tions. If  you  have  depletion,  consult  your  Internal  Revenue 
Service  office  for  more  detailed  information. 

You  can  also  deduct  all  ordinary  and  necessary  expend- 
itures on  the  property  such  as  taxes,  interest,  repairs,  insur- 
ance, agent's  commissions,  maintenance,  and  similar 
items.  However,  you  cannot  deduct  capital  investments  or 
improvements.  For  example,  a  landlord  can  deduct  the 
cost  of  minor  repairs  but  not  the  cost  of  major  improve- 
ments such  as  a  new  roof  or  remodeling. 

Expenses,  depreciation,  and  depletion  should  be  listed  in 
total  in  the  columns  provided  in  Schedule  F. 
IJ  You  Rent  Part  of  Tour  House,  Etc. — If  you  rent  out  only  part 
of  your  property,  you  can  deduct  only  a  similar  portion  of 
the  expenses.  For  example,  if  you  rent  out  one-half  of  your 
home,  and  live  in  the  other  half,  you  can  deduct  only  one- 
half  of  the  depreciation  and  other  expenses. 

Room  rent  and  other  space  rentals  should  be  reported  as 
business  income  in  separate  Schedule  C  if  services  are  ren- 
dered to  the  occupant;  otherwise,  report  such  income  in 
Schedule  F.  If  you  are  engaged  in  the  business  of  selling 
real  estate,  you  should  report  rentals  received  in  separate 
Schedule  C. 

Estates  and  Trusts 

If  you  are  a  beneficiary  of  an  estate  or  trust,  report  in 
your  personal  tax  return  any  of  its  income  which  is  required 
to  be  distributed  to  you  or  which  has  been  paid  or  credited 
to  your  account  for  the  taxable  year.  The  administrator, 
executor,  or  trustee  should  advise  you  what  to  report. 

Include  in  Schedule  G  of  your  return  your  share  of  such 
income  (whether  actually  received  by  you  or  not)  of  an 
estate  or  trust  for  its  taxable  year  which  ends  with  or  within 
the  year  covered  by  your  return.  Subtract  from  your  share 
of  such  income  any  depreciation  on  estate  or  trust  property 
which  is  allocable  to  you  and  show  the  net  amount  (or 
loss).  There  may  be  distributions  (other  than  ordinary 
income)  by  an  estate  or  trust,  such  as  capital  gains,  dividends, 
etc.,  which  are  properly  reportable  in  other  schedules  in 
your  return.  The  fiduciary  should  advise  you  of  such  items 
requiring  this  special  treatment. 

Other  Income 

If  you  cannot  find  any  specific  place  on  your  return  to  list 
certain  types  of  income,  you  should  report  it  in  Schedule  G, 
page  2.  This  is  the  proper  place  to  report  amounts  received 
as  alimony,  support,  prizes;  or  recoveries  of  bad  debts,  ta.\es, 
etc.,  which  reduced  your  tax  in  a  prior  year. 

Depreciation 

The  law  does  not  allow  you  to  deduct  the  full  cost  of  your 
capital  investments  or  improvements  in  the  year  made  in 
figuring  your  profits  from  rents,  royalties,  businesses  and 
professions.  For  most  property  with  a  life  longer  than  one 
year,  with  the  exception  of  land,  the  law  provides  for  a  de- 
duction from  gross  income  called  "depreciation"  as  the 
method  of  recovering  your  cost  (less  any  salvage  value)  over 
the  useful  life  of  the  asset. 

What  is  "Usejul  Lije"? — The  useful  life  of  an  asset  can  be 
measured  in  units  of  production  or  machine  hours   (for 


machinery),  in  miles  of  operation  (for  automotive  equip- 
ment), etc.,  but  the  ordinary  practice  is  to  measure  useful 
life  in  years.  Business  experience,  engineering  information, 
and  other  relevant  factors  provide  a  reasonable  basis  for 
estimating  the  useful  life  of  property.  For  your  guidance, 
comprehensive  tables  of  "average  useful  lives"  of  various 
kinds  of  buildings,  machines,  and  equipment  in  many 
industries  and  businesses  have  been  published  in  a  booklet 
called  Bulletin  F,  which  you  can  buy  for  30  cents  from  the 
Superintendent  of  Documents,  Government  Printing  Office, 
Washington  25,  D.  C. 

Figuring  the  Deduction — Straight  Line  Method. — The  most 
common  method  of  computing  depreciation  is  the  "straight- 
line"  method.  It  allows  for  the  deduction  of  cost  in  equal 
annual  amounts  over  the  useful  life  of  the  property,  with 
only  salvage  value  remaining  at  the  end  of  its  useful  life. 
To  figure  the  deduction  add  the  cost  of  improvements  to 
the  cost  (or  other  basis)  of  the  asset  and  deduct  both  the 
estimated  salvage  value  and  the  total  depreciation  allowed 
or  allowable  in  past  years.  Divide  the  result  by  the  number 
of  years  of  useful  life  remaining  to  the  asset — the  answer 
is  the  depreciation  deduction. 

Special  Rules  for  Mew  Assets  Acquired  After  December  31,  1953. — 
New  assets  acquired  by  the  taxpayer  after  1953  and  the 
portion  of  the  basis  of  property  attributable  to  construc- 
tion or  reconstruction  by  the  taxpayer  after  1953  may  be 
depreciated  under  methods  proper  in  the  past  or  under 
additional  methods  provided  in  the  new  law.  These 
methods  (which  may  be  employed  only  with  respect  to  tan- 
gible assets  having  a  useful  life  of  three  years  or  more)  are — 

(a)  "Declining  balance  method." — The  deduction  is  com- 
puted by  applying  a  uniform  rate  to  the  cost  or  other  basis 
of  the  asset  reduced  by  depreciation  previously  allowed  or 
allowable.  This  rate  cannot  exceed  twice  the  straight  line 
rate  computed  without  regard  to  salvage  value. 

(b)  "Sum  of  the  years-digits  method." — The  deduction  is  the 
cost  or  other  basis  of  the  asset  (reduced  by  estimated  salvage 
value)  multipled  by  the  number  of  years  of  useful  life  re- 
maining to  it  (including  the  year  of  the  deduction)  divided 
by  the  sum  of  all  the  digits  corresponding  to  the  years  of 
the  asset's  estimated  useful  life  (in  the  case  of  a  3-year  life 
such  sum  would  be  6,  that  is  1-1-2+3). 

(c)  "Other  methods." — Other  methods  may  be  employed 
subject  to  special  limitations;  for  details  consult  your  Inter- 
nal Revenue  Service  office. 

Accotwting  Methods  and  Records 

Your  return  must  be  on  the  "cash  method"  unless  you 
keep  books  of  account.  "Cash  method"  means  that  all 
items  of  taxable  income  actually  or  constructively  received 
during  the  year  (whether  in  cash  or  in  property  or  services) 
and  only  those  amounts  actually  paid  during  the  year  for 
deductible  expenses  are  shown.  Income  is  "constructively" 
received  when  it  is  credited  to  your  account  or  set  aside 
for  you  and  may  be  drawn  upon  by  you  at  any  time. 
Uncashed  salary  or  dividend  checks,  bank  interest  credited 
to  your  account,  matured  bond  coupons,  and  similar  items 
which  you  can  immediately  turn  into  cash  are  "construc- 
tively received"  even  though  you  have  not  actually  con- 
verted them  into  cash. 

An  "accrual  method"  means  that  you  report  income  when 
earned,  even  if  not  received,  and  deduct  expenses  when 
incurred,  even  if  not  paid  within  the  taxable  period. 

If  you  keep  accounting  records,  your  return  must  be  on 
the  same  method  as  your  records.  The  method  used  in 
keeping  your  records  may  be  the  cash  receipts  and  dis- 
bursements method,  or  an  accrual  method,  so  long  as  in- 
come is  clearly  reflected.  However,  in  most  cases  you  must 
secure  consent  of  the  Commissioner  before  changing  your 
accounting  method. 

11 


110 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


HOW  TO  CLAIM  NONBUSINESS  DEDUCTIONS 


Contributions 

If  you  itemize  deductions  on  a  Long-Form  1040,  you  can 
deduct  gifts  to  religious,  charitable,  educational,  scientific, 
or  literary  organizations,  and  organizations  for  the  pre- 
vention of  cruelty  to  children  and  animals,  unless  the  organi- 
zation is  operated  for  personal  profit,  conducts  propaganda 
or  otherwise  attempts  to  influence  legislation,  or  partici- 
pates or  intervenes  in  any  political  campaign  on  behalf 
of  any  candidate  for  public  office.  You  can  deduct 
gifts  to  fraternal  organizations  if  they  are  to  be  used 
for  charitable,  religious,  etc.,  purposes.  You  can  also 
deduct  gifts  to  veterans'  organizations,  or  to  a  governmental 
agency  which  will  use  the  gifts  for  public  purposes.  A 
contribution  may  be  made  in  money  or  property  (not 
services).  If  in  property,  it  is  measured  by  the  fair  market 
value  of  the  property  at  the  time  of  contribution. 

For  the  contribution  to  be  deductible,  the  recipient  of  the 
contribution  must  have  been  organized  or  created  in  the 
United  States  or  its  possessions,  or  under  our  law.  The 
law  does  not  allow  deductions  for  gifts  to  indi\  iduals,  or  to 
Other  types  of  organizations,  however  worthy. 

In  general,  the  deduction  for  contributions  may  not 
e.^ceed   20   percent  of  your  adjusted   gross   income. 

L'nder  the  new  law,  there  is  a  special  additional  deduction 
of  up  to  10  percent  for  contributions  made  to  churches,  a 
convention  or  association  of  churches,  tax-e.xempt  educa- 
tional institutions,  and  ta.x-e.xempt  hospitals,  which  must 
be  computed  as  explained  below.  If  all  your  contributions 
were  to  these  churches,  schools,  and  hospitals,  you  can  deduct 
up  to  30  percent  of  your  adjusted  gross  income.  To  com- 
pute the  deduction  for  contributions  you  should  first  figure 
the  contributions  to  these  special  institutions  to  the  extent 
of  10  percent  of  your  adjusted  gross  income  and  the 
amount  in  excess  of  10  percent  should  be  added  to  the  other 
contributions  to  which  the  20  percent  limitation  applies. 
Attach  a  schedule  showing  this  computation. 

While  you  can  deduct  gifts  to  the  kind  of  organizations 
listed  below,  you  cannot  deduct  dues  or  other  payments 
to  them  for  which  you  receive  personal  benefits.  For 
example,  you  can  deduct  gifts  to  a  YMCA  but  not  dues. 

Some  examples  of  the  treatment  of  contributions  are: 

You  CAN  Deduct  Cijts  To: 
Churches,  including  assessments 
Salvation  Army 
Red  Cross,  community  chests 
Nonprofit  schools  and  hospitals 
Veterans'  organizations 
Boy    Scouts,     Girl    .Scouts,    and 
other  similar  organizations 


Nonprofit  organizations  pri- 
marily engaged  in  conducting 
research  or  education  for  the 
alleviation  and  cure  of  diseases 
such  as  tuberculosis,  cancer, 
multiple  sclerosis,  muscular 
dystrophy,  cerebral  palsy, 
poliomyelitis,  and  diseases  of 
the    heart,   etc. 

Social  clubs 
Labor  unions 
Chambers  of  commerce 
Propaganda  organizations 


i'ou  CANNO  T  Deduct  Gtjts  To: 

Relatives,  friends,  other  indi- 
viduals 

Political  organizations  or  caifdi- 
dates 

Interest 

If  you  itemize  deductions  on  a  Long-Form  1040,  you 
can  deduct  interest  you  paid  on  your  personal  debts,  such 
as  bank  loans  or  home  mortgages.  Interest  paid  on 
business  debts  should  be  reported  in  separate  Schedule  C 
or  Schedule  F,  page  2,  of  Form  1040.  Do  not  deduct 
interest  paid  on  money  borrowed  to  buy  tax-exempt 
securities  or  single-premium  life  insurance.  Interest  paid 
on  behalf  of  another  person  is  not  deductible  unless  you  were 
legally  liable  to  pay  it.  In  figuring  the  interest  paid  on  a 
mortgage  on  your  home  or  on  an  installment  contract  for 
goods  for  your  personal  use,  eliminate  such  items  as  carry- 
ing charges  and  insurance,  which  are  not  deductible,  and 

12 


taxes  which  may  be  deductible  but  which  should  be  item- 
ized separately. 

The  new  law  provides  a  deduction  for  interest  paid  for 
purchasing  personal  property  (such  as  automobiles, 
radios,  etc.)  on  the  installment  plan  where  the  interest 
charges  are  not  separately  stated  from  other  carrying 
charges.  This  deduction  is  equal  to  6  percent  of  the 
average  unpaid  monthly  balance  under  the  contract. 
Compute  the  average  unpaid  monthly  balance  by  adding 
up  the  unpaid  balance  at  the  beginning  of  each  month 
during  the  year  and  dividing  by  12.  The  interest  deduc- 
tion may  not  exceed  the  portion  of  the  total  carrying 
charges  attributable  to  the  taxable  year. 

You  CAN  Deduct  Interest  On: 


A  life  insurance  loan,  if  you  pay 

the  interest  in  cash 
Delinquent  taxes 

enforceable  obligation 
A  life  insurance  loan,  if  interest 
is  added  to  the  loan  and  you 
report  on  the  cash  basis 


Vour  personal  note  to  a  bank  or 

an  individual 
A  mortgage  on  your  home 
You  CANNO  T  Deduct  Interest  On: 
Indebtedness  of  another  person, 

when  you  are  not  legally  liable 

for  payment  of  the  interest 
A  gambling  debt  or  other  non- 

Taxes 

If  you  itemize  deductions  on  a  Long-Form  1040,  you  can 
deduct  most  non-Federal  taxes  paid  by  you.  You  can 
deduct  State  or  local  retail  sales  taxes  if  under  the  laws 
of  your  State  they  are  imposed  directly  upon  the  consumer, 
or  if  they  are  imposed  on  the  retailer  (or  wholesaler  in 
case  of  gasoline  taxes)  and  the  amount  of  the  tax  is  sepa- 
rately stated  by  the  retailer  to  the  consumer.  In  general, 
you  cannot  deduct  taxes  assessed  for  pavements  or  other 
local  improvements,  including  front-foot  benefits,  which 
tend  to  increase  the  value  of  your  property.  Consult  vour 
Internal  Revenue  Service  office  for  circumstances  under 
which  local  improvement  taxes  iriay  be  deducted.  If  you 
paid  foreign  taxes  you  may  be  entitled  to  a  credit  against 
your    tax    rather    than    a    deduction    froin    income. 

Do  not  deduct  on  page  3  any  nonbusiness  Federal  taxes,  or 
any  taxes  paid  in  connection  with  a  business  or  profession 
which  are  deductible  in  Schedule  F  or  separate  Schedule  C. 
You  CAN  Deduct: 


Auto  license  fees 

State  capitation  or  poll  taxes 

State  gasoline  ta.xes 


Hunting  licenses,  dog  licenses 
Auto  inspection  fees 
Water  taxes 

Taxes  paid  by  you  for  another 
person 


Personal  property  tcixes 

Real  estate  taxes 

State  income  taxes 

State  or  local  retail  sales  ta.xes 

You  CANNO  T  Deduct: 

Any  Federal  excise  taxes  on  your 
personal  expenditures,  such  as 
taxes  on  theater  adiTilssions, 
furs,  jewelry,  cosmetics,  rail- 
road tickets,  telephone,  etc. 

Federal  social  security  taxes 

Casualty  Losses  and  Thefts 

If  you  itemize  deductions  on  a  Long-Form  1040,  you 
can  deduct  your  net  loss  resulting  from  the  destruction  of 
your  property  in  a  fire,  storm,  automobile  accident,  ship- 
wreck, or  other  losses  caused  by  natural  forces.  Damage 
to  your  car  by  collision  or  accident  can  be  deducted  if  due 
merely  to  negligent  driving  but  cannot  be  deducted  if  due 
to  your  willful  act  or  your  willful  negligence.  You  can 
also  deduct  in  the  year  of  discovery  losses  due  to  theft,  but 
not  losses  due  to  inislaying  or  losing  articles. 

You  should  determine  the  amount  of  any  casualty  loss  by 
comparing  the  fair  market  value  of  the  property  just  before 
and  just  after  the  casualty.  This  loss  or  the  acJjusted  basis 
of  the  property,  whichever  is  lower,  should  then  be  reduced 
by  any  insurance  or  other  reimbursement  to  arrive  at 
your  deductible  loss.     Explain  in  attached  statement. 

If  your  1954  casualty  losses  exceed  your  1954  income,  the 
excess  may  be  carried  back  as  a  "net  operating  loss"  to 
offset    your    income    for    1952.     If  the   loss   carried    back 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


111 


exceeds  your  1952  income,  the  excess  may  be  used  to 
offset  your  1953  income.  Any  remaining  excess  may  be 
carried  over  to  the  years  1955-1959,  inclusive. 

Tou  CAN  Deduct  Losses  On: 

Property    such    as    your    home,  is  stolen  from  you 

clothing,     or    automobile     de-  Loss  or  damage  of  property   by 

stroyed  or  damaged  by  fire  flood,  lightning,  storm,  explo- 

Property,  including  cash,  which  sion,  or  freezing 
rou  CANNO  T  Deduct  Losses  On: 

Personal    injury    to    yourself    or  transit 

another  person  Damage  by  rust  or  gradual  ero- 

Accidental  loss  by  you  of  cash  or  sion 

other  personal  property  Animals    or    plants    damaged   or 

Property    lost    in    storage    or    in  destroyed  by  disease 

Medical  and  Dental  Expenses 

If  you  itemize  deductions  on  a  Long-Form  1040  you  can 
deduct,  within  the  limits  described  below,  the  amount  you 
paid  during  the  year  (not  compensated  for  by  hospital, 
health  or  accident  insurance)  for  inedical  or  dental  expenses 
for  yourself,  your  wife,  or  any  dependent  who  received  over 
one-half  of  his  support  from  you.  If  you  pay  medical 
expenses  for  a  dependent  who  gets  over  half  of  his  support 
from  you,  you  can  deduct  the  payments  even  though  you 
are  not  entitled  to  a  deduction  for  an  exemption  for  that 
dependent  because  he  had  more  than  $600  of  gross  income. 

You  can  deduct  amounts  paid  for  the  prevention,  cure, 
correction,  or  treatment  of  a  physical  or  mental  defect  or 
illness.  If  you  pay  someone  to  perform  both  nursing  and 
domestic  duties,  you  can  deduct  only  that  part  of  the  cost 
which  is  for  nursing. 

You  can  deduct  the  cost  of  transportation  primarily  for 
and  essential  to  medical  care,  but  you  cannot  deduct  any 
other  travel  expense  even  if  it  benefits  your  health.  Meals 
and  lodging  may  not  be  treated  as  medical  expense  while 
away  from  home  receiving  medical  treatment  unless  they 
arc  part  of  a  hospital  bill. 

Figuring  the  Deduction. — You  can  deduct  only  those  medical 
and  dental  expenses  which  exceed  3  percent  of  your  ad- 
justed gross  income.  However  in  figuring  these  expenses, 
the  amount  paid  for  medicine  and  drugs  may  be  taken  into 
account  only  to  the  extent  it  exceeds  1  percent  of  your 
adjusted  gross  income,  item  6,  page  1 .  There  is  a  schedule 
provided  on  page  3  to  make  this  computation. 
Limitations. — The  deduction  mav  not  exceed  $2,500  mul- 
tiplied by  the  number  of  exemptions  other  than  the 
exemptions  for  age  and  blindness.  In  addition  there  is  a 
maximum  limitation  as  follows: 

(a)  $5,000  if  the  taxpayer  is  single  and  not  a  head  of 
household  or  a  qualifying  surviving  widow  or  widower; 

(b)  $5,000  if  the  taxpayer  is  married  but  files  a  separate 
return;  or 

(c)  $10,000  if  the  taxpayer  files  a  joint  return,  or  is  a  head 
of  household  or  a  qualifying  surviving  widow  or  widower. 
Special  Rule  For  Persons  65  Or  Over. — If  either  you  or  your  wife 
were  65  or  over,  the  maximum  limitation  for  amounts  spent 
is  the  same  as  set  out  above.  However,  amounts  deductible 
for  medical  and  dental  expenses  for  you  and  your  wife  are 
not  restricted  to  the  excess  over  3  percent  of  your  adjusted 
gross  income.  In  effect,  the  3  percent  rule  may  be  disre- 
garded. But  the  amounts  spent  by  you  for  your  medicine 
and  drugs  are  still  limited  to  the  excess  of  1  percent  of  your 
adjusted  gross  income,  and  amounts  spent  by  you  for  your 
dependents'  medical  expenses  are  deductible  only  to  the 
extent  they  exceed  3  percent  of  your  adjusted  gross  income. 
Special  Rule  For  Decedents. — In  the  case  of  a  decedent,  ex- 
penses for  medical  care  may  be  treated  as  paid  by  the 
decedent  at  the  time  incurred,  if  such  expenses  are  paid 
from  his  estate  within  one  year  after  his  death,  and  provided 
they  are  not  deducted  in  computing  the  decedent's  taxable 
estate  for  Federal  estate  tax  purposes.    If  the  expenses  are 


allowable  for  estate  tax  purposes,  but  it  is  preferred  to 
deduct  them  for  income  tax  purposes,  there  must  be  filed 
with  the  Form  1040  a  statement  that  this  amount  has  not 
been  claimed  in  the  estate  tax  return,  and  a  waiver  of  the 
right  to  have  this  amount  allowed  at  any  time  for  estate  tax 
purposes. 

Any  expense  claimed  as  a  deduction  for  the  care  of  chil- 
dren and  certain  other  dependents  should  not  be  included 
in  your  computation  of  the  deduction  for  medical  expense. 
Tou  C.iJV  Deduct  Payments  To  or  For: 
Doctors,  dentists,  nurses,  and  hos-  cal     or     surgical     appliances, 

pitals  braces,  etc. 

Drugs  or  medicines  X-ray  examinations  or  treatment 

Transportation   necessary   to  get       Premiums  on  health  and  accident 

medical  care  insurance,  and  hospital  or  med- 

Eyeglasses,  artificial  teeth,  medi-  ical  insurance 

t'ou  C.iJV.UO  T  Deduct  Payments  For: 

Funeral  expenses  Travel  ordered  or  suggested  by 

Cemetery  plot  your  doctor  for  rest  or  change 

Illegal  operations  or  drugs  Premiums  on  life  insurance 

Expenses  For  the  Care  of  Children  and  Certain 
Other  Dependents 

Generally,  there  is  allowed  a  deduction  not  to  exceed  a 
total  of  $600  for  expenses  paid  by  a  woman  or  a  widower 
(including  men  who  are  divorced  or  legally  separated 
under  a  decree  and  who  have  not  remarried)  for  the  care  of 
one  or  more  dependents  if  such  care  is  to  enable  the  tax- 
payer to  be  gainfully  employed  or  actively  to  seek  gain- 
ful employment.  For  this  purpose,  the  term  "dependent" 
is  limited  to  the  following  persons  for  whom  the  taxpayer 
is  entitled  to  a  deduction  for  an  exemption: 

(a)  a  child  or  stepchild  of  the  taxpayer  who  is  under 
12  years  of  age;  or 

(b)  a  person  who  is  physically  or  mentally  incapable  of 
caring  for  himself,  regardless  of  age. 

The  deduction  is  not  allowable  to  the  extent  the  payments 
are  made  to  an  individual  who  the  taxpayer  claims  as  a 
dependent. 

In  the  case  of  a  woman  who  is  married,  the  deduction  is 
allowed  only  if  she  files  a  joint  return  with  her  husband; 
and  the  deduction  is  reduced  by  the  amount  (if  any)  by 
which  their  combined  adjusted  gross  income  exceeds  $4,500. 
If  the  husband  is  incapable  of  self-support  because  mentally 
or  physically  defective  these  two  limitations  do  not  apply. 

If  the  person  who  receives  the  payment  performs  duties 
other  than  dependent  care,  only  that  part  of  the  payment 
which  is  for  the  dependent's  care  may  be  deducted. 

Miscellaneous 

If  you  itemize  deductions  on  a  Long- Form  1040,  you  can 
deduct  several  other  types  of  expenses  under  the  heading 
"miscellaneous." 

If  you  work  for  wages  or  a  salary,  you  can  deduct  the 
ordinary  and  necessary  expenses  which  you  incur  for  your 
employer's  benefit  and  which  have  not  been  claimed  on 
page  1.  For  example,  if  your  job  requires  you  to  furnish 
small  tools,  you  can  deduct  the  cost  of  such  tools. 

You  CAN  Deduct  Cost  OJ: 

Safety  equipment  Entertaining  customers 

Dues    to    union    or    professional       Tools  and  supplies 

societies  Fees  to  employment  agencies 
Tou  CANNO  T  Deduct  Cost  OJ: 

Travel  to  and  from  work  Bribes  and  illegal  payments 

Entertaining  friends  Educational  expenses 

You  can  deduct  all  ordinary  and  necessary  expenses 
connected  with  the  production  or  collection  of  income,  or 
for  the  management  or  protection  of  property  held  for  the 
production  of  income. 

If  you  are  divorced  or  legally  separated  and  are  making 
periodic  payments  of  alimony  or  separate  maintenance 
under  a   court   decree,   you   can  deduct   these    amounts. 

13 


112 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


Periodic  payments  made  after  August  16,  1954,  under  either 
(a)  a  written  separation  agreement  entered  into  after  that 
date  or  (b)  a  decree  for  support  entered  after  March  1,  1954, 
are  also  deductible.  Such  payments  must  be  included  in 
the  wife's  income.  However,  you  cannot  deduct  lump-sum 
settlements,  specific  maintenance  payments  for  support  of 
minor  children,  or  any  voluntary  payments  not  under  a 
court  order  or  a  written  separation  agreement. 

You  may  not  deduct  gambling  losses  in  excess  of  gam- 
bling winnings.  If  you  are  a  tenant-stockholder  in  a  co- 
operative housing  corporation,  you  can  deduct  your  share 
of  its  payments  for  interest  and  real-estate  taxes. 

Declarations  of  Estimated  Tax 

For  many  taxpayers  the  withholding  tax  on  wages  is  not 
sufiicient  to  keep  them  paid  up  on  their  income  tax.  The 
law  requires  every  individual  (including  an  alien  who  is  a 
resident  of  Puerto  Rico  during  the  entire  taxable  year)  to 
file  a  Declaration  of  Estimated  Tax,  Form  1040-ES,  and  to 
make  quarterly  payments  in  advance  of  filing  the  annual 
income  tax  return  if: 


(a)  his  gross  income  can  reasonably  be  expected  to  con- 
sist of  wages  subject  to  withholding  and  of  not  more  than 
$100  from  other  sources  and  to  exceed — 

(1)  S5,000  for  a  single  individual  who  is  not  a  head  of 
household  or  a  surviving  widow  or  widower  or  for  a  married 
individual  not  entitled  to  file  a  joint  declaration; 

(2)  S10,000  for  a  head  of  household  or  a  surviving  widow 
or  widower;  or 

(3)  $5,000  for  a  married  person  entided  to  file  a  joint 
declaration  and  the  total  income  for  both  husband  and 
wife  can  reasonably  be  expected  to  exceed  $10,000;  or 

(b)  his  gross  income  can  reasonably  be  expected  to 
include  more  than  $100  from  sources  other  than  wages 
and  to  exceed  the  sum  of  $600  multiplied  by  the  number  of 
exemptions  plus  $400. 

The  District  Director  will  mail  Form  1040-ES,  as  far  as  is 
practical,  to  each  person  who  may  need  it.  Anyone  else 
required  to  file  should  obtain  the  form  from  an  Internal 
Revenue  Service  office  in  time  to  file  by  April  15,  1955. 
Farmers  may  postpone  filing  their  declarations  for  1955, 
until  January  15,  1956. 


HOW  TO  FIGURE  YOUR  TAX 


Using  the  Tax  Table.— To  relieve  the  average  ta.xpayer 
from  computing  the  tax,  the  law  provides  a  table  which 
shows  the  correct  tax  for  any  income  up  to  $5,000.  If  you 
file  a  Short-Form  1040,  use  the  Tax  Table  on  page  16,  to 
determine  your  tax.  The  table  is  based  on  the  same  rates 
used  in  a  Long-Form  1040  computation.    If  your  actual 


deductions  are  larger  than  10  percent  of  your  income,  you 
may  file  a  Long-Form  1040  and  claim  them. 
Making  a  Long-Form  Computation. — To  figure  your  tax  on 
the  amount  on  either  line  5  or  line  7(a),  page  3,  of  Long- 
Form  1040,  use  the  schedule  below. 


1954  Tax  Rate  Schedule 


I    FOR    ALL   TAXPAYERS   EXCEPT   UNMARRIED   (OR 
LEGALLY  SEPARATED)   PERSONS  QUALIFYING  AS  HEAD 

OF  HOUSEHOLD 
//  the  amount  on  line  5  or  7  {a)  is:     Enter  on  line  6  or  7  ib): 

Not  over  $2,000 20";  of  the  amount  on  line  5  or  7  (a) 

Over  $2,000  but  not  over  $4,000.  .  .  .$400,  plus  22^:;  of  excess  over  $2,000 

Over  $4,000  but  not  over  $6,000 $840,  plus  26%  of  excess  over  $4,000 

Over  $6,000  but  not  over  $S,000.  .  .  .$1,360,  plus  30'-c  of  excess  over  $6,000 
Over  $8  000  but  not  over  $10,000.  ,  .$1,960,  plus  34<-c  of  excess  over  $8,000 
Over  $10,000  but  not  over  $12,000.    $2,640,  plus  38%  of  excess  over  $10,000 
Over  $12  000  but  not  over  $14,000.  .$3,400,  plus  43%  of  excess  over  $12,000 

$4,260,  plus  47%  of  excess  over  $14,000 
$5,200,  plus  50%,  of  excess  over  $16,000 
$6,200,  plus  53%  of  excess  over  $18,000 

^„.  ^^^^^ . „ $7,260,  plus  56%  of  excess  over  $20,000 

Over  $22^000  but  not  over  $26,000 .  .$8,380,  plus  59%  of  excess  over  $22,000 
Over  $26,000  but  not  over  $32,000 .  .$10,740,  plus  62%  of  excess  over  $26,000 
Over  $32,000  but  not  over  $38,000   .  $14,460,  plus  65%  of  excess  over  $32,000 
Over  $38,000  but  not  over  $44,000.  .$18,360,  plus  69%.  of  excess  over  $38,000 
Over  $44,000  but  not  over  $50,000 .    $22,500,  plus  72%  of  excess  over  $44,000 
Over  $50,000  but  not  over  $60,000     $26,820,  plus  75%  of  excess  over  $50,000 
Over  $60,000  but  not  over  $70,000 .  .$34,320,  plus  78%  of  excess  over  $60,000 
Over  $70,000  but  not  over  $80,000.  .$42,120,  plus  81%  of  excess  over  $70,000 
Over  $80,000  but  not  over  $90,000.  ,$50,220,  plus  84%  of  excess  over  $80,000 
Over  $90,000  but  not  over  $100,000  $58,620,  plus  87%  of  excess  over  $90,000 
Over  $100,000  but  not  over  $150,000  $67,320,  plus  89%  of  excess  over  $100,000 
Over  $150,000  but  not  over  $200,000  $111,820,  plus 90% of  excessover$150,000 
Over  $200,000 $156,820, plus 91%ofe.xcessovcr $200,000 


Over  $14,000  but  not  over  $16,000 
Over  $16,000  but  not  over  $18,000 
Over  $18,000  but  not  over  $20,000 
Over  $20,000  but  not  over  $22,000 


IL  OSLY  FOR  UNMARRIED   (OR  LEGALLY  SEPARATED) 
TAXPAYERS  WHO  QUALIFY  AS   HEAD  OF  HOUSEHOLD 


1/  the  amount  on  line  5  is: 

Not  over  $2,000 

Over  $2,000  but  not  over  $4,000 

Over  $4,000  but  not  over  $6,000 .... 
Over  $6,000  but  not  over  $8,000 .... 
Over  $8,000  but  not  over  $10,000 .  .  . 
Over$10,000butnotover$12,000.  . 
Over$12,000butnotover$14,000.  . 
Over  $14,000  but  not  over  $16,000.  . 
Over$16,000butnotover$18,000. . 
Over  $1 8,000  but  not  over  $20,000 .  . 
Over  $20,000  but  not  over  $22,000 .  . 
Over  $22,000  but  not  over  ^24,000 .  . 
Over  $24,000  but  not  over  $28,000 .  . 
Over  $28,000  but  not  over  $32,000 .  . 
Over  $32,000  but  not  over  $38,000.  . 
Over  $38,000  but  not  over  $44,000 .  . 
Over  $44,000  but  not  over  $50,000 .  . 
Over  $50,000  but  not  over  $60,000 .  . 
Over  $60,000  but  not  over  $70,000 .  . 
Over  $70,000  but  not  over  $80,000 .  . 
Over  $80,000  but  not  over  $90,000 ,  . 
Over  $90,000  but  not  over  $100,000 . 
Over  $100,000  but  not  over  $1 50,000 
Over  $150,000  but  not  over  $200,000 
Over  $200,000  but  not  over  $300,000 
Over$300,000 


Enter  on  line  6: 

20%  of  the  amount  on  line  5- 
$400,  plus  21%  of  excess  over  $2,000 
,  $820,  plus  24%  of  excess  over  $4,000 
.$1,300,  plus  26%  of  excess  over  $6,000 
.  $1 ,820 ,  pi  us  30%  of  excess  over  $8,000 
.  $2,420,  plus  32%  of  excess  over  $10,000 
.  $3,060,  pi  us  36%  of  excess  over  $12,000 
.  $3,780,  plus  39%  of  excess  over  $14,000 
.  $4,560,  plus  42%,  of  excess  over  $16,000 
.  $5,400,  plus  43%  of  excess  over  $18,000 
.  $6,260,  plus  47%  of  excess  over  $20,000 
.  $7,200,  plus  49%  of  excess  over  $22,000 
.$8,180,  plus  52%  of  excess  over  $24,000 
.$10,260,  plus  54%,  of  excess  over  $28,000 
.  $12,420,  plus  58%  of  excess  over  $32,000 
.  $15,900,  plus  62%  of  excess  over  $38,000 
.$19,620,  plus  66%  of  excess  over  $44,000 
.  $23,580,  plus  68%  of  excess  over  $50,000 
.  $30,380,  plus  71%  of  excess  over  $60,000 
.  $37,480,  plus  74%  of  excess  over  $70,000 
.  $44,880,  plus  76%,  of  excess  over  $80,000 
,  $52,480,  plus  80%,  of  excess  over  $90,000 
$60,480,  plus  83%  of  excess  over  $100,000 
$101,980,  plus  87%,  of  excessover$150,000 
$145,480,  plus  90%  of  excessover  $200,000 
$235,480,  plus  91%of  excess  over  $300,000 


Credits  Against  Tax 

Credit  For  Foreign  Taxes. — If  you  claim  credits  for  such  taxes, 
you  should  submit  with  your  return  Form  1116  which  con- 
tains a  schedule  for  the  computation  of  the  credit  with 
appropriate  instructions.  This  form  may  be  obtained  from 
your  Internal  Revenue  Service  office. 

Credit  For  Partially  Tax-Exempt  Interest. — If  you  itemize  your 
deductions,  you  may  deduct  on  line  11,  page  3,  a  credit 
for  partially  tax-exempt  interest.    This  credit  is  3  percent 

14 


of  the  partially  tax-exempt  interest  included  in  gross 
income.  See  instructions  on  page  7  for  the  type  of 
securities  for  which  a  credit  is  allowed.  The  credit  may 
not  exceed  the  lesser  of  (a)  3  percent  of  the  taxable  income 
(line  5,  page  3,  Form  1040,  or  line  20,  separate  Schedule  D 
(twice  line  20  in  the  case  of  a  joint  return  or  the  return  of  a 
surviving  widow  or  widower),  whichever  is  applicable)  for 
the  taxable  year  or  (b)  the  amount  of  tax  less  the  credit 
for  taxes  paid  to  foreign  countries  and  possessions  of  the 
U.  S.  and  the  credit  for  dividends  received. 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


113 


Credit  For  Dividends  Received. — ^The  new  law  provides  a 
credit  against  tax  for  dividends  received  from  domestic 
corporations  after  July  31,  1954.  This  credit  is  equal  to 
4  percent  of  the  dividends  in  excess  of  those  which  you 
may  exclude  from  your  gross  income  (see  page  7).  The 
credit  may  not  exceed  the  lesser  of: 

(a)  the  total  income  tax  reduced  by  the  foreign  tax 
credit;  or 

(b)  2  percent  of  the  taxable  income  (4  percent  for  tax- 
able years  ending  after  December  31,  1954). 

Schedule  J  has  been  provided  to  compute  the  dividend 
credit.  Dividends  from  certain  types  of  corporations  do 
not  qualify  for  either  the  credit  for  dividends  received  or 
for  the  exclusion  previously  explained.  These  corporations 
are  the  same  corporations  as  those  listed  on  page  7 
under  the  explanation  of  the  dividend  exclusion.  The 
credit  does  not  apply  to  a  nonresident  alien  who  is  not 
engaged  in  trade  or  business  in  the  United  States  and  whose 
gross  income  from  sources  within  the  United  States  is  not 
more  than  $15,400. 

Example:  Assume  a  single  individual  with  no  dependents 
had  gross  income  consisting  of  salary  of  S3, 300  and  divi- 
dends of  S3,050  received  from  domestic  corporations  after 
July  31,  1954  (S50  of  the  dividends  are  excluded  from  gross 
income).    The  credit  is  computed  as  follows: 

Adjusted  gross  income  (83,000  +  83,300) 86,  300 

Standard  deduction 630 

S5,  670 
One  exemption 600 

Taxable  income 85,  070 

Tax  before  credit $1,  118.  20 

Dividends  received  credit;  4  percent  of  83,000  or  8120  but 

limited  to  2  percent  of  85,070  or 101.  40 

Net  tax  liability 81,016.80 

Credit  For  Retirement  Income. — Under  the  new  law  you  may 
qualify  for  a  retirement  income  credit  if  you  received  earned 
income  in  excess  of  S600  in  each  of  any  10  calendar  years — 
not  necessarily  consecutive — before  the  beginning  of  your 
taxable  year.  If  you  qualify,  you  are  entitled  to  a  credit 
for  retirement  income  you  are  now  receiving.  If  your 
deceased  husband  (or  wife)  would  qualify  for  this  credit,  if 
living,  you  may  claim  the  credit  even  though  you  did  not 
meet  the  earnings  test.  If  a  husband  and  wife  both  qualify 
and  each  has  retirement  income,  each  one  is  entitled  to 
the  credit. 

The  credit  is  20%  of  the  retirement  income  (as  defined 
below)  with  a  maximum  limit  of  S240  for  each  qualified 
individual.  The  credit  may  not  exceed  your  tax  (item  7, 
page  1)  reduced  by  the  dividends  received  credit  in  item 
8A,  page  1.  Schedule  K  of  the  return  is  provided  to  make 
this  computation. 

Retirement  income  for  the  purpose  of  the  credit  means — 

(a)  In  the  case  of  an  individual  who  is  65  years  of  age  or 
over  before  the  close  of  his  taxable  year,  income  from  pen- 
sions, annuities,  interest,  rents,  and  dividends,  which  were 
included  in  gross  income  in  your  return.  (Gross  income 
from  rents  for  this  purpose  means  gross  receipts  from  rents 
without  reduction  for  depreciation  or  any  other  expenses.) 

(b)  In  the  case  of  an  individtial  who  is  not  65  years  of 
age  before  the  close  of  his  taxable  year,  only  that  income 
received  from  pensions  or  annuities  under  a  public  retire- 
ment system  (one  established  by  the  Federal  Government, 
a  State,  county,  city,  etc.,  but  not  including  one  estab- 
lished by  the  United  States  for  members  of  the  Armed 
Forces). 


The  amount  of  the  retirement  income  used  for  the  credit 
computation  may  not  exceed  SI, 200  reduced  by: 

(a)  any  amount  received  and  excluded  from  gross 
income  as  a  pension  or  annuity  under  the  Social  Security  Act 
and  Railroad  Retirement  Acts  and  by  tax-exempt  pensions 
or  annuities.  This  reduction  does  not  include  that  part  of 
a  pension  or  annuity  which  is  excluded  from  gross  income 
because  it  represents,  in  effect,  a  return  of  capital  or  tax-free 
proceeds  of  a  like  nature.  Moreover,  this  reduction  does 
not  include  amounts  excluded  from  gross  income  which  are 
received  as  compensation  for  injuries  or  sickness  or  under 
accident  or  health  plans;  and 

(b)  in  the  case  of  any  individual  who  is  not  75  before  the 
close  of  the  taxable  year,  any  amount  of  earned  income  in 
excess  of  $900  received  in  the  taxable  year. 

Example:  Assume  that  a  qualified  individual,  who  is 
married  and  over  65  but  not  75,  has  the  following  items 
of  income  for  1954: 

Dividend  income  after  exclusion 8700 

Pension    under    the    Railroad   Retirement   Act    (entirely   ex- 
cludable from  gross  income) 500 

Disability   payments  under   a    workmen's    compensation    act 

(entirely  excludable  from  gross  income) 400 

Rental  income  (Gross) 600 

Earned  at  odd  jobs 1 ,  200 

The  credit  is  computed  as  follows: 

Retirement  income  includes — 

Dividend  income 8700 

Rental  income 600 

Total  retirement  income 81,  300 

But  the  retirement  income  is  limited  to 81,  200 

Less: 

Railroad  retirement  pension 8500 

Earned  income  in  excess  of  8900(81,200-8900)...        300         8800 

Base  for  computation  of  credit 8400 

Retirement  income  credit  20  percent  of  8400 880 

Credit  For  Withholding  Tax. — Itemize  the  taxes  withheld  in 
item  2,  page  1,  and  report  the  total  amount  as  item  12A, 
page  1 .  If  you  have  lost  any  Withholding  Statement,  ask 
your  employer  for  a  copy.  If  you  cannot  furnish  With- 
holding Statements  for  all  taxes  withheld  from  you,  attach 
an  explanation] 

Credit  For  F.  I.  C.  A.  Ta.x.—\i  more  than  $72  of  F.  I.  C.  A. 
(Social  Security)  employee  tax  was  withheld  during  1954 
because  you  received  wages  from  more  than  one  employer,  the  excess 
should  be  claimed  as  a  credit  against  income  tax.  Enter 
any  excess  of  F.  I.  C.  A.  tax  withheld  over  $72  in  the 
"Income  Tax  Withheld"  column  of  item  2,  page  1,  and 
write  "F.  I.  C.  A.  tax"  in  the  "Where  Employed"  column. 
If  a  joint  return  compute  the  credit  separately. 

Credit  For  Estimated  Tax  Payments. — If  you  paid  any  esti- 
mated tax  on  a  Declaration  of  Estimated  Tax  (Form 
1040-ES)  for  1954,  report  the  total  of  such  payments  as 
item  12B  on  page  1.  If  on  your  1953  return  you  had  an 
overpayment  which  you  chose  to  apply  on  your  1954  tax 
include  this  in  item  12B. 

Bjlance  Of  Tax  Or  Refund.— After  figuring  your  tax  either 
from  the  Tax  Table  or  from  the  long-form  computation, 
enter  the  amount  as  item  7,  page  1.  Enter  as  item  1() 
the  amount  of  your  self-employment  tax  shown  on  line 
35,  separate  Schedule  C.  Show  as  item  1 3  any  balance  you 
owe,  or  as  item  14  the  amount  of  any  overpayment  due  you, 
after  taking  credit  for  the  amounts  entered  as  item  12. 

15 


114 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


TAX  TABLE  FOR  CALENDAR  YEAR  1954 
FOR  PERSONS  WITH  INCOMES  UNDER  $5,000  NOT  COMPUTING  TAX  ON  PAGE  3  OF  FORM  1040 

Read  down  the  shaded  columns  below  until  you  find  the  line  covering  the  a-iiusted  jross  income  you  entered  In  Item  6,  page  1,  Form  1040.     Then  read  across  to  the  appropriate 
column  headed  hy  the  number  corresponding  to  the  number  ot  exemptions  claimed  in  item  IE,  page  1.     Enter  the  In  you  find  there  in  Item  7,  page  1. 


And  Ihe  number  ol  exemptions 
claimed  in  item  IE,  page  1,  is— 


If  total  income  in 
item  6.  page  I,  is— 


If  total  income  in 
item  6,  page  1 ,  is- 


At  least 


»0 
675 

700 

725 

750 

775 

800 

825 

850 

875 

900 

925 

950 

975 

1,000 

1,025 

1,050 

1,075 

1.100 

1,12^ 

1,150 

1,175 

1,200 

1,225 

1,  250 
1,275 
1,300 
1.325 
1,350 
1,375 
1,400 
1,425 
1,450 
1,475 
1,500 
1,525 
1,550 
1,575 
1.600 
1,625 
1,650 
1,675 
1,700 
1,725 
1,750 
1,775 
1,800 
1,825 
1,850 
1,875 
1,900 
1,925 
1.950 
1,975 
2,000 
2,025 
2.050 
2,075 
2,100 

2,  125 
2,150 
2,175 
2,200 
2,225 
2.250 
2,275 
2.300 


But  less 
than 


$675 

700 

725 

750 

775 

800 

825 

850 

875 

900 

925 

950 

975 

1,000 

1,025 

1,050 

1,075 

1,  100 

1,125 

1,150 

1,  175 

1,200 

1,225 

1.250 

1,275 

1,300 

1,325 

1,350 

1,375 

1,400 

1,425 

1,450 

1,475 

1,500 

1,525 

1,550 

1,575 

1,600 

1,625 

1,650 

1,675 

1.700 

1,725 

1,750 

1,775 

1,800 

1,825 

1,850 

1,875 

1,900 

1,925 

1,  950 
1,975 
2,000 
2,025 
2,050 
2,075 
2,100 
2,125 

2,  150 
2,175 
2.200 
2,225 
2,250 
2,275 
2,300 
2,325 


SO 

4 

8 

13 

17 

22 

26 

31 

35 

40 

44 

49 

53 

58 

62 

67 

71 

76 

80 

85 

89 

94 

98 

103 

107 

112 

116 

121 

125 

130 

134 

139 

143 

148 

152 

157 

161 

166 

170 

175 

179 

184 

188 

193 

197 

202 

206 

211 

215 

220 

224 

229 

233 

238 

242 

247 

251 

256 

260 

265 

269 

274 

278 

283 

287 

292 

296 


4  or 
more 


$0 

SO 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

u 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

u 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

5 

0 

10 

0 

14 

0 

19 

0 

23 

0 

28 

0 

32 

0 

37 

0 

41 

0 

46 

0 

50 

0 

55 

0 

59 

0 

64 

0 

68 

0 

73 

0 

77 

0 

82 

0 

86 

0 

91 

0 

95 

0 

100 

0 

104 

0 

109 

0 

113 

0 

118 

0 

122 

2 

127 

7 

131 

11 

136 

16 

140 

20 

145 

25 

149 

29 

154 

34 

158 

38 

163 

43 

167 

47 

172 

52 

176 

56 

SO 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 


At  least 


$2,  325 

2,  350 
2,375 
2,400 
2,425 
2,450 
2,475 
2,500 
2,525 
2,550 
2,575 
2,600 
2.625 
2,650 
2,675 
2,700 
2,725 
2.750 
2,775 
2,800 
2,825 
2,850 
2,875 
2,900 
2,925 
2.950 
2,975 
3,000 
3,050 
3,100 

3,  150 
3,200 

3,  250 
3,300 
3,350 
3,400 
3,430 
3,500 
3,550 
3,600 
3,650 
3,700 
3,750 
3,800 
3,850 
3,900 
3,950 
4,000 
4,050 
4,100 

4,  150 
4,200 
4,250 
4,300 
4,350 
4,400 
4,450 
4,500 
4,550 
4,600 
4,650 
4,700 
4,750 
4,  800 
4,850 
4,900 
4,950 


But  less 
than 


$2,  350 
2,375 
2,400 
2,425 
2.450 
2,475 
2.500 
2,525 
2.550 
2,575 
2,600 
2,625 
2,650 
2.675 
2,700 
2,725 
2,750 
2,775 
2,800 
2,825 
2,850 
2.875 
2,900 
2,925 
2,950 
2,975 
3,000 
3,  050 
3.  100 

3,  150 
3,200 
3.250 
3.300 
3,350 
3,400 
3,450 
3,500 
3,550 
3,600 
3,650 
3,700 
3,750 
3,800 
3,850 
3,900 
3,950 
4,000 
4,050 

4,  100 
4,  150 
4.200 

I  4.  250 

!  4,  300 

4,350 

4,400 

4,450 

i  4,500 

4.  .550 

i  4,600 

4,650 

!  4.700 

:  4,750 

4.800 

4,850 

4,900 

4,950 

5,000 


A 

nd  the  number  of 

exemptions  daime 

d  in  item  IE.  page 

1.  is- 

1 

2 

3 

And  you  are — 

And  you  are — 

And  you  are- 

Single 

Single 

• 

Single 

• 

cr  a 

An  un- 

Of a 

An  un- 

A 

or  a 

An  un- 

A 

4 

5 

6 

7 

married 

married 

married 

married 

married 

married 

married 

married 

person 

head  of 

person 

head  of 

couple 

person 

head  of 

couple 

filing 

a  house- 

filing 

a  house- 

filing 

hiing 

a  house- 

filing 

sepa- 

hold 

sepa- 

hold 

jointly 

sepa- 

hold 

jointly 

rately 

rately 

rately 

$301 
305 
310 
314 
319 
323 
328 
332 
337 
341 
346 
3.50 
355 
359 
364 
308 
373 
377 
382 
3S6 
391 
395 
400 
405 
410 
415 
420 
427 
437 
447 
457 
467 
476 
486 
496 
506 
516 
526 
536 
546 
556 
566 
575 
585 
595 
605 
615 
625 
635 
645 
655 
665 
674 
684 
694 
704 
714 
724 
734 
744 
754 
764 
773 
783 
793 
803 
813 


$301 

$181 

.SlSl 

SlSl 

$61 

$61 

S61 

$0 

$0 

$0 

SO 

305 

185 

185 

185 

65 

65 

65 

0 

0 

0 

0 

310 

190 

190 

190 

70 

70 

70 

0 

0 

0 

0 

314 

194 

194 

194 

74 

74 

74 

0 

0 

0 

0 

319 

199 

199 

199 

79 

79 

79 

0 

0 

0 

0 

323 

203 

203 

203 

83 

83 

83 

0 

0 

0 

0 

328 

208 

20S 

208 

88 

88 

88 

0 

0 

0 

0 

332 

212 

212 

212 

92 

92 

92 

0 

0 

0 

0 

337 

217 

217 

217 

97 

97 

97 

0 

0 

0 

0 

341 

221 

221 

221 

101 

101 

101 

0 

0 

0 

0 

i  346 

226 

226 

226 

106 

106 

106 

0 

0 

0 

0 

350 

230 

230 

230 

110 

110 

110 

0 

0 

0 

0 

355 

235 

235 

235 

115 

115 

115 

0 

0 

0 

0 

'  359 

239 

239 

239 

119 

119 

119 

0 

0 

0 

0 

i  364 

244 

244 

244 

124 

124 

124 

4 

0 

0 

0 

;  368 

248 

248 

248 

128 

128 

128 

8 

0 

0 

0 

i  373 

253 

253 

253 

133 

133 

133 

13 

0 

0 

0 

;  377 

257 

257 

257 

137 

137 

137 

17 

0 

0 

0 

i  382 

262 

262 

262 

142 

142 

142 

22 

0 

0 

0 

;  386 

266 

266 

266 

146 

146 

146 

26 

0 

0 

0 

i  391 

271 

271 

271 

151 

151 

151 

31 

0 

0 

0 

i  395 

275 

275 

275 

155 

155 

155 

35 

0 

0 

0 

i  400 

280 

280 

280 

160 

160 

160 

40 

0 

0 

0 

:  404 

284 

284 

284 

164 

164 

164 

44 

0 

0 

0 

:  409 

289 

289 

289 

169 

169 

169 

49 

0 

0 

0 

i  414 

293 

293 

293 

173 

173 

173 

53 

0 

0 

0 

1  419 

298 

298 

298 

178 

178 

178 

58 

0 

0 

0 

•  426 

305 

305 

305 

185 

185 

185 

65 

0 

0 

0 

!  435 

314 

314 

314 

194 

194 

194 

74 

0 

0 

0 

445 

323 

323 

323 

203 

203 

203 

83 

0 

0 

0 

i  454 

332 

332 

332 

212 

212 

212 

92 

0 

0 

0 

i  464 

341 

341 

341 

221 

221 

221 

101 

0 

0 

0 

•  473 

350 

350 

3.50 

230 

230 

230 

110 

0 

0 

0 

i  482 

359 

359 

359 

239 

239 

239 

119 

0 

0 

0 

i  492 

368 

368 

368 

248 

248 

248 

128 

8 

0 

0 

i  501 

377 

377 

377 

257 

257 

257 

137 

17 

0 

0 

;  511 

386 

386 

386 

266 

266 

266 

146 

26 

0 

0 

i  520 

395 

395 

395 

275 

275 

275 

155 

35 

0 

0 

i  530 

404 

404 

404 

284 

284 

284 

164 

44 

0 

0 

i  539 

414 

413 

413 

293 

293 

293 

173 

53 

0 

0 

i  549 

424 

423 

422 

302 

302 

302 

182 

62 

0 

0 

1  558 

434 

432 

431 

311 

311 

311 

191 

71 

0 

0 

i  567 

443 

441 

440 

320 

320 

320 

200 

80 

0 

0 

:  577 

453 

451 

449 

329 

,329 

329 

209 

89 

0 

0 

i  586 

463 

460 

458 

338 

338 

338 

218 

98 

0 

0 

i  596 

473 

470 

467 

347 

347 

347 

227 

107 

0 

0 

i  605 

483 

479 

476 

356 

356 

356 

236 

116 

0 

0 

i  615 

493 

489 

485 

365 

365 

365 

245 

125 

3 

0 

:  624 

503 

498 

494 

374 

374 

374 

2.54 

134 

14 

0 

i  634 

513 

508 

503 

383 

3S3 

383 

263 

143 

23 

0 

!  643 

523 

517 

512 

392 

392 

■  392 

272 

152 

32 

0 

i  653 

533 

527 

521 

401 

401 

i  401 

281 

161 

41 

0 

•  662 

542 

536 

530 

410 

410 

i  410 

290 

170 

50 

0 

!  671 

552 

545 

539 

420 

■  419 

419 

299 

179 

59 

0 

i  681 

562 

555 

548 

430 

429 

428 

308 

188 

68 

0 

;  690 

572 

564 

557 

440 

438 

437 

317 

197 

77 

0 

;  700 

582 

574 

566 

450 

448 

'  446 

326 

206 

86 

0 

•  709 

592 

583 

575 

460 

457 

■  455 

335 

215 

95 

0 

i  719 

602 

593 

584 

470 

467 

■  464 

344 

224 

104 

0 

1  728 

612 

602 

593 

480 

476 

.  473 

353 

233 

113 

0 

1  738 

622 

612 

602 

490 

486 

.   482 

362 

242 

122 

2 

•  747 

632 

621 

611 

500 

495 

;  491 

371 

251 

131 

11 

;  756 

641 

630 

620 

509 

504 

■  500 

380 

260 

140 

20 

■  766 

651 

640 

629 

519 

514 

509 

389 

269 

149 

29 

i  775 

661 

649 

638 

529 

523 

.  518 

398 

278 

158 

3S 

i  785 

671 

659 

647 

539 

533 

.  527 

407 

287 

167 

47 

i  794 

681 

668 

656 

549 

542 

•  536 

416 

296 

176 

56 

it  This  column  raaj  also  be  used  bj  a  surviving  widow  or  widower  who  meela  certain  qualiOcaliooa  which  are  explained  in  the  inatructione. 

g.  S    COVCRNMCNT  PtINTINC  OtflCt         lj&'-70993-l 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


115 


SCHEDULE  C 


FORM 

1040 

U.  S.  Treasury  Department 
Internal  Revenue  Service 


PROFIT  (OR  LOSS)  FROM  BUSINESS  OR  PROFESSION 

(For  Computation  of  Self-Employment  Tax,  see  Page  3) 

PARTNERSHIPS  AND  JOINT  VENTURES  SHOULD  FILE  ON  FORM  1065 


1954 


For  Calendar  Year  1954  or  other  taxable  year  beginning 


,  1954,  and  ending 


195 


Owner's  Name  and  Address  (from  Form  1040) 


Item  (see  instructions — page  2) 
A.  Principal  business  activity 


(Retail  trade,  wholesale  trade,  lawyer,  etc.) 


(Principal  product  or  service) 


B.  Business  name - - 

C.  Number  of  places  of  business - - 

D.  Did  you  pay  social  security  taxes  for  any  employees  for  any  quarter  of  1954?  LD  Yes    Ll  No. 

E.  Enter  your  employer  identification  number,  if  any -. - 

P.  Business  address:  ... 


G.  How  many  months  in  the  year  did 
you  own  this  business? 

Did  you  own  this  business  on  Decem- 
ber 31,  1954?  n  Yes  D  No. 
Was  this  a  seasonal  business  which 
was  closed  for  more  than  two 
months  during  the  year?  □  Yes 
DNo. 


(Street  and  number  or  rural  route) 


(City,  town,  post  office) 


(County) 


(State) 


Line  (see  instructions — page  2) 

1.  Total  receipts  $ ,  less  allowances,  rebates,  and  returns  $.. 

2, 
3. 


Inventory  at  beginning  of  year 

Merchandise  purchased  $ less  any  items  vrithdrawn 

from  business  for  personal  use  $ 

Cost  of  labor  (do  not  include  salary  paid  to  yourself) 

Material  and  supplies 


4. 
5, 

6.  Other  costs  (explain  in  Schedule  C-2) 

7.  (Dost  of  goods  manufactured  or  purchased  (total  of  lines  3,  4,  5,  and  6) 

8.  Total  of  line  2  plus  line  7 

9.  Enter  inventory  at  end  of  year 

10.  Cost  of  goods  sold  (line  8  less  line  9) 

11.  Gross  profit  (line  1  less  line  10) 

OTHER  BUSINESS  DEDUCTIONS 

12.  Salaries  and  wages  not  included  in  line  4  (except  any  paid  to  yourself) 

13.  Rent  on  business  property 

14.  Interest  on  business  indebtedness 

15.  Taxes  on  business  and  business  property 

16.  Losses  of  business  property  (attach  statement) 

17.  Bad  debts  arising  from  sales  or  services 

18.  Depreciation  and  obsolescence  (explain  in  Schedule  C-1) 

19.  Repairs  (explain  in  Schedule  C-2) 

20.  Depletion  of  mines,  oil  and  gas  wells,  timber,  etc.  (attach  schedule) 

21-  Amortization  of  emergency  and  grain  storage  facilities  (attach  statement)  

22.  Other  business  expenses  (explain  in  Schedule  C-2) 

23.  Total  of  hnes  12  to  22  

24.  Enter  net  profit  (or  loss)  (line  1 1  less  line  23).     Also  enter  on  line  25,  page  3  of  this  schedule,  and  on  line  1, 

Schedule  C  Summary,  Form  1 040 


Schedule  C-1 

.  EXPLANATION  OF  DEDUCTION  FOR  DEPRECIATION  CLAIMED  ON  LINE  18 

1 .  Kind  of  property  (if  buildings,  state  material  of 
whicti  constructed).    Exclude  land  and  other 
nondepreciable  property 

2.  Date 

acquired 

3.  Cost  or 
other  basis 

4.  Depreciation  al- 
lowed (or  allowable) 
in  prior  years 

5.  Method 

6.  Rate(%) 
or  life  (years) 

7.  Depreciation 
for  this  year 

$ 

$. __... 

$ 

SchedtUe  C-2.  EXPLANATION  OF  LINES  6,  19,  AND  22 

Line  No. 

Explanation 

Amount 

Line  No. 

Explanation 

Amount 

$ 

$ __ 

16—70995-1 


116 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


INSTRUCTIONS 


Page  2 


If  you  owned  a  business,  or  practiced  a  profession,  you  should 
fill  in  separate  Schedule  C  on  other  side  and  enter  the  net  profit 
(or  loss)  on  line  1,  Schedule  C  Summary,  page  2,  Form  1040. 

Separate  Schedule  C  should  include  income  from  (1)  sale  of 
merchandise,  or  products  of  manufacturing,  mining,  and  construc- 
tion; (2)  business  service;  and  (3)  professional  service.  In  general, 
you  should  report  any  income  in  the  earning  of  which  you  have 
incurred  expenses  for  material,  labor,  supplies,  and  the  like.  A 
farmer  keeping  his  books  of  account  on  the  accrual  method  may 
include  the  income  in  such  schedule  from  the  sale  of  products  of 
agriculture  in  lieu  of  including  such  income  in  Form  1040F. 

Item  A — Business  Activity. — State  the  general  classification  of 
business  activity,  as  well  as  the  principal  product  or  service.  For 
example,  "Wholesale  food,"  "Retail  men's  apparel,"  "Manufac- 
ture of  upholstered  wooden  household  furniture,"  "Transportation 
by  truck,''  "Broker,  real  estate,"  "Contractor — carpenter  work,|^ 
"Physician,"  etc.  Do  not  use  such  terms  as  "partnership,"  "owner," 
"student,"  etc.  The  "principal  business  activity"  is  the  one  which 
accounts  for  the  largest  percentage  of  your  total  receipts.  All 
trades  and  businesses  except  those  specitically  excluded  are  sub- 
ject to  self-employment  tax. 

Item  E — Employer  Identification  Number. — This  is  the 
number  given  on  Form  941,  Employer's  Quarterly  Federal  Tax 
Return,  which  you  file  as  an  employer. 

Item  F — Business  Address. — Do  not  use  home  address  as 
business  address  unless  business  is  actually  conducted  from  home. 

Line  1 — Total  Receipts. — You  should  include  all  income 
derived  from  your  trade  or  business.  Enter  in  the  space  provided 
such  items  as  returned  sales,  rebates,  and  allowances  from  the  sale 
price  or  service  charge. 

If  you  have  dividend  income  from  stocks  held  by  you  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  carrying  on  your  trade  or  business,  such  dividends 
must  be  considered  together  with  your  dividends  from  stocks  regu- 
larly held  for  investment  purposes  in  computing  your  dividend 
exclusion  and  credit. 

Installment  Sales. — It  you  use  the  installment  method  of  report- 
ing income  from  sales,  you  should  attach  to  your  return  a  schedule 
showing  separately  for  the  years  1951,  1952,  1953,  and  1954  the 
following:  (a)  Gross  sales;  (b)  cost  of  goods  sold;  (c)  gross  profits; 
(d)  percentage  of  profits  to  gross  sales;  (e)  amounts  collected;  and 
(f)  gross  profits  on  amount  collected. 

COST  or  COODS  SOLD 

Lines  2-10. — If  you  are  engaged  in  a  trade  or  a  business  in 
which  the  production,  purchase,  or  sale  of  merchandise  produces 
income,  you  should  take  inventories  of  merchandise  and  materials 
on  hand  at  the  beginning  and  end  o!  the  taxable  year  in  order  to 
reflect  the  gross  profits  correctly.  The  usual  methods  of  valuing 
inventory  are  (a)  cost  and  (b)  cost  or  market  whichever  is  lower. 
The  method  properly  adopted  for  the  first  year  in  which  inventory 
is  taken  must  be  continued  unless  permission  to  change  is  secured 
from  the  Commissioner.  Application  for  permission  to  change  the 
method  of  valuing  inventories  must  be  made  in  writing  and  filed 
with  the  Commissioner  within  90  days  after  the  beginning  of  the 
taxable  year  in  v/hich  it  is  desired  to  effect  a  change.  You  should 
enter  the  letters  "C"  or  "C  or  M"  immediately  before  the  amount 
column  if  inventories  are  valued  either  at  cost,  or  at  cost  or  market 
whichever  is  lower. 

Other  methods  for  valuing  inventories  of  material  or  merchandise 
are  provided  for  dealers  in  securities,  for  farmers,  for  miners,  for 
manufachjrers  who  produce  more  than  one  product  from  a  single 
process,  and  for  retail  merchants  using  the  "retail  method." 

A  special  method  based  on  cost,  LIFO,  is  allowable  only  if  you 
file  an  application  on  Form  970  with  your  return  for  the  first  year 
used.  The  reguirements  for  adopting  and  using  the  LIFO  method 
are  set  forth  on  Form  970.  Thereafter,  you  should  attach  a  separate 
schedule  showing;  (a)  a  summary  of  all  inventories;  (b)  with  respect 
to  inventories  computed  under  the  LIFO  method,  the  computation  of 
quantities  and  cost  by  acquisition  levels. 

OTHER  BUSINESS  DEDUCTIONS 

Line  12 — Salaries  and  Wages. — You  should  enter  all  salaries 
and  wages  not  included  as  "Cost  of  Labor"  in  "Cost  of  Goods 
Sold."  Do  not  deduct  any  salary  or  wages  for  your  own  services 
or  services  of  others  not  performed  in  connection  with  your  business. 

Line  13 — Rent  on  Business  Property. — Rents  paid  or  accrued 
on  business  property  in  which  you  have  no  equity  are  deductible. 
Do  not  include  rent  for  a  building,  or  any  part,  which  you  occupy 
solely  for  residential  purposes. 

Line  14 — Interest  on  Business  Indebtedness. — Interest  on 
business  indebtedness  to  others  is  deductible.  Do  not  include 
interest  to  yourself  on  capital  invested  in  or  advanced  to  the  business. 


Line  15 — Taxes  on  Business  and  Business  Property. — Include 
taxes  paid  or  accrued  on  business  property  or  incurred  for  carrying 
on  your  business.  Federal  import  duties  and  Federal  excise  and 
stamp  taxes  are  deductible  if  paid  or  incurred  in  carrying  on  a 
trade  or  business.  Do  not  include  taxes  assessed  against  local 
benefits  of  a  kind  tending  to  increase  the  value  of  the  property 
assessed,  as  for  paving,  sewers,  front  foot  benefits,  etc. 

Line  16 — Losses  of  Business  Property. — You  may  deduct  losses 
of  business  property  by  fire,  storm,  or  other  casualty,  or  theft,  not 
compensated  by  insurance  or  otherwise  and  not  made  good  by 
repairs  claimed  as  a  deduction.  Attach  a  statement  showing  a 
description  of  the  property,  date  acquired,  cost,  subsequent  improve- 
ments, depreciation  allowable  since  acquisition,  insurance, 
salvage  value,  and  deductible  loss. 

Line  17 — Bad  Debts  Arising  From  Sales  or  Services. — Include 
debts,  or  portions  thereof,  arising  from  sales  or  professional  services 
that  have  been  included  in  income,  which  have  been  definitely 
ascertained  to  be  worthless,  or  such  reasonable  amount  as  has  been 
added  to  a  reserve  for  bad  debts  within  the  taxable  year.  A  debt 
previously  deducted  as  bad  which  reduced  your  tax  in  a  prior  year, 
if  subsequently  collected,  must  be  returned  as  income  for  the  year 
in  which  collected. 

Line  18 — Depreciation  and  Obsolescence. — You  may  deduct 
a  reasonable  allowance  for  exhaustion,  wear  and  tear,  and 
obsolescence  of  property  used  in  the  trade  or  business.  For 
additional  information  regarding  depreciation,  especially  on  new 
property  acquired  or  constructed  after  December  31,  1953,  see 
depreciation  section  in  the  instructions  for  Form  1040. 

if  a  deduction  is  claimed  on  account  of  depreciation,  you  should 
fill  in  Schedule  C-1.  In  case  obsolescence  is  included,  state  sepa- 
rately amount  claimed  and  basis  upon  which  it  is  computed.  The 
value  or  cost  of  land  must  not  be  included  in  this  schedule,  and 
where  land  and  buildings  were  purchased  for  a  lump  sum,  the  cost 
of  the  building  subject  to  depreciation  must  be  established.  The 
adjusted  property  accounts  and  the  accumulated  depreciation 
shown  in  the  schedule  should  be  reconciled  with  those  accounts 
as  reflected  on  your  books. 

Line  19 — Repairs. — You  may  deduct  the  cost  of  incidental 
repairs,  including  labor,  supplies,  and  other  items,  which  do  not 
add  to  the  value  or  appreciably  prolong  the  life  of  the  property. 
Expenditures  for  new  buildings,  machinery,  equipment,  or  for 
permanent  improvements  or  betterments  which  increase  the  value 
of  the  property  are  chargeable  to  capital  accounts.  Expenditures 
for  restoring'  or  replacing  property  are  not  deductible,  since  such 
expenditures  are  chargeable  to  capital  accounts  or  to  depreciation 
reserve  depending  on  how  depreciation  is  charged  on  your  books. 

Line  20 — Depletion  of  Mines,  Oil  and  Gas  Wells,  Timber, 
Etc. — If  a  deduction  is  claimed  on  account  of  depletion,  you  should 
procure  from  your  District  Director  Form  M  (mines  and  other  natural 
deposits).  Form  O  (oil  and  gas),  or  Form  T  (timber),  fill  in  and  file 
with  return.  If  complete  valuation  data  have  been  filed  with 
questionnaire  in  previous  years,  then  file  with  your  return  infor- 
mation necessary  to  bring  depletion  schedule  up  to  date,  setting 
forth,  in  full,  statement  of  all  transactions  bearing  on  deductions 
from  or  additions  to  value  of  physical  assets  during  the  taxable 
year  with  explanation  of  how  depletion  deduction  for  the  taxable 
year  has  been  determined.  (See  sections  615  and  616  of  the  In- 
ternal Revenue  Code  of  1954  lor  election  to  capitalize  or  deduct 
expenditures  for  exploration  and  development  of  mineral  properties.) 

Line  21 — Amortization. — If  you  elect  the  deduction  with  respect 
to  the  amortization  of  the  adjusted  basis  of  (a)  any  emergency 
facility  with  respect  to  which  the  Government  has  issued  a  certificate 
of  necessity,  or  (b)  a  grain  storage  facility,  a  statement  of  the  perti- 
nent facts  should  be  filed  with  your  election.  (See  sections  168 
and  169  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954.) 

For  the  election  to  amortize  research  or  experimental  expenditures 
not  subject  to  depreciation  or  depletion,  see  section  174  of  the  Code. 

Line  22 — Other  Business  Deductions.— You  should  include  all 
ordinary  and  necessary  business  expenses  for  which  no  space  is 
provided  in  the  schedule.  Any  deduction  claimed  should  be 
explained  in  Schedule  C-2.  Do  not  include  cost  of  business  equip- 
ment or  furniture,  expenditures  for  replacements,  or  lor  permanent 
improvements  to  property,  or  personal  living  and  family  expenses. 

Soil  and  Water  Conservation  Expenditures. — Taxpayers 
engaged  in  the  busmess  of  farming  may  under  certain  conditions 
expense  amounts  paid  for  soil  and  water  conservation.  For  more 
detailed  instructions,  see  the  instructions  for  Form  1040. 

Net  Operating  Loss  Deduction. — Any  net  operating  loss 
deduction  should  be  entered  in  Schedule  C  Summary,  Form  1040, 
instead  of  in  this  schedule. 

Accrual-Method  Taxpayers  Only. — If  you  have  (a)  receipts 
which  constitute  prepaid  income,  or  (b)  reserves  for  estimated  ex- 
penses, see  the  instructions  for  Form  1040.  i6— 70995-1 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


117 


Page  3 

•  IMPORTANT — If  you  have  more  than  one  business,  □  separate  page  1  must  be  completed  for  each  business.     However,  only  one  page 
3  should  be  completed  and  filed  showing  the  aggregate  net  profit  from  such  businesses. 

(See  Iiuixuctions — Page  4) 
COMPUTATION  OF  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX 
(For  old-oge  and  survivors  in»orance) 

NAME  or  SELF-EMPLOYED  PERSON  (a  separate  schedule  must  be  filed  for  each  eeli-employed  person) 


STATE  BUSINESS  ACTIVITIES.  IF  ANY.  SUBJECT  TO  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX  (for  eiample:  Restaurant,  Building  Contractor) 


Line  (See  instructions — Page  4) 


2S.  Net  profit  (or  loss)  shown  on  line  24,  page  1  (Enter  aggregate  amount  if  more  than 
one  business) 


26.  Losses  of  business  property  shown  on  line  16,  page  1 . 

27.  Total  of  lines  25  and  26 


28.  Less:  Net  income  (or  loss)  from  excluded  services  or  sources  included  in  line  27. 
Specify  excluded  services  or  sources 


29.  Net  earnings  from  self-employment  (line  27  less  line  28) 

30.  Net  earnings  (or  loss)  from  self-employment  from  partnerships,  joint  ventures,  etc.  (from  column  11,  Schedule 
K,  Form  1065) 


31.  Total  net  earnings  (or  loss)  from  self-employment  (line  29  plus  line  30) 

(If  total  of  net  earnings  is  under  $400,  do  not  make  any  entries  below) 


32.  Maximum  amount  subject  to  self-employment  tax 

33.  Less:  Wages  paid  to  you  during  the  taxable  year  which  were  subject  to  withholding  for 
old-age  and  survivors  insurance.    (If  such  wages  exceed  $3,600,  enter  $3,600) 


34.  Maximum  amount  subject  to  self -employment  tax  after  adjustment  for  wages. 

35.  Self -employment  income  subject  to  tax — Line  31  or  34,  whichever  is  smaller . 


$  3,600 


00 


36.  Self-employment  tax — 3  percent  of  amount  on  line  35.    Enter  here  and  as  item  10,  page  1,  Form  1040 


IMPORTANT— FILL  IN  ITEMS  BELOW  COMPLETELY  BUT  DO  NOT  DETACH 


SCHEDULE  C-o  (Fonn  1040) 
U.  S.  Treasury  Department 
Internal  Revenue  Service 


U.  S.  REPORT  OF  SELF-EMPLOYMENT  INCOME 

(For  Federal  Old-Age  and  Survivors  Iixsuronce) 


1954 


I    CHECK     n  Calendar  Year  1954 

°^^       D  Other  Taxable  Year  Beginning  . 


1954,  and  Ending 195- 


2. 


state  Business  Activities  Subject  To  Sell-Employment  Tax 


Business  Address  (Street  and  Number,  City  or  Town,  Postal  Zone  Number,  State) 


4.       PRINT  BELOW  NAME  AND  ADDRESS  OF  SELF-EMPLOYED  PERSON 


Name  as  shown  on  Social  Security  Account  Number  Card 


HOME  ADDRESS  (Street  and  Number,  or  Rural  Route) 


(City  or  Town,  Postal  Zone  Number,  State) 


5    ENTER  HERE  THE  SOCIAL  SECURITY  ACCOUNT  NUMBER 
OF  THE  PERSON  NAMED 
IN  LINE  4 


000 

00 

0000 

6.  Enter  Total  Earnings 
From  Self  Employment 

Shown  on  Line  31  above $-. 

7.  Enter  Wages  Shown  on 

Line  33  above $. 


8.  Enter  Self-Employment 

Income  Shovim  on  Line  35  above.  .  .$-. 


16—70996-1 


118 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


PURPOSE  OF  THIS  FORM 


Page  4 


Schedule  C  (Form  1040)  .—Schedule  C  serves  two  purposes. 
First,  it  provides  for  the  determination  of  net  profit  (or  loss)  from 
business  or  profession  to  be  used  in  computing  income  tax.  Second, 
it  provides  for  the  computation  of  the  self-employment  tax  in  accord- 
ance with  Chapter  2  of  Subtitle  A  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code 
of  1954. 


Schedule  C-a  (Forra  1040). — ^The  lower  portion  of  page  3, 
Schedule  C,  which  is  designated  as  Schedule  C-a  (Form  1040),  is 
designed  to  provide  the  Social  Security  Administration  with  the 
information  on  self-employment  income  necessary  for  old-age  and 
survivors  insurance  purposes. 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  CALENDAR  YEAR  1954 


SELF-EMPLOYMENT  TAX 

In  general,  every  individual  deriving  income  during  the  taxable 
year  from  a  trade  or  business  carried  on  by  him  or  from  a  partner- 
ship of  which  he  is  a  member  is  subject  to  the  self-employment  tax, 
the  computation  of  which  is  made  on  lines  25  through  36. 

"Net  earnings  from  self -employment"  (line  31)  is  the  gross  income 
derived  by  an  individual  from  any  trade  or  business  carried  on 
by  him,  less  the  allowable  deductions  attributable  to  such  trade  or 
business,  plus  his  share  of  self  employment  net  earnings  (or  loss) 
from  a  partnership  of  which  he  is  a  member. 

No  Deductions  for  Personal  Exemptions. — The  deductions  for 
personal  exemptions  are  not  allowable  in  determining  the  net 
earnings  from  self-employment. 

EXCLUSIONS 

In  determining  the  amount  of  net  earnings  from  self-employment 
report  on  line  28  income  from  the  following  sources  or  deductions 
attributable  thereto: 

1 .  Certain  professions. — Income  from  the  performance  of  service 
OS  a  physician,  lawyer,  dentist,  osteopath,  veterinarian,  chiro- 
practor, naturopath,  optometrist,  Christian  Science  practitioner, 
architect,  certified  public  accountant,  accountant  registered  or 
licensed  as  an  accountant  under  Slate  or  municipal  law,  full-time 
practicing  public  accountant,  funeral  director,  or  professional  en- 
gineer; or  income  from  the  performance  of  such  service  by  a 
partnership; 

2.  Religious  services. — Income  *rom  the  performance  of  service 
by  a  duly  ordained,  commissioned,  or  licensed  minister  of  a  church 
in  the  exercise  of  his  ministry  or  by  a  member  of  a  religious  order 
in  the  exercise  of  duties  required  by  such  order; 

3.  Farming. — Income  from  farming  or  from  any  other  business 
in  which,  if  the  business  were  carried  on  exclusively  by  employees, 
the  major  portion  of  the  services  would  constitute  agricultural  labor; 

4.  Employees  and  public  officials. — Income  from  the  perform- 
ance of  service  as: 

(a)  a  public  official,  including  a  notary  public; 

(b)  an  employee  or  employee  representative  under  the  railroad 
retirement  system;  or 

(c)  an  employee.     "Employee"  includes  among  others: 

(1)  an  agent-driver  or  commission  driver  engaged  in 
distributing  meat,  vegetable,  fruit,  and  bakery  prod- 
ucts, beverages  (other  than  milk),  or  laundry  or  dry- 
cleaning  services; 

(2)  a  full-time  life  insurance  salesman; 

(3)  a  home  worker  performing  work  subject  to  licensing 
requirements  under  State  law;  and 

(4)  traveling  or  city  salesmen  generally,  engaged  upon 
a  full-time  basis  for  their  principals  (except  for  sideline 
sales  activities  on  behalf  of  another  person). 

Note. — The  income  of  an  employee  over  the  age  of  18  from 
the  sale  of  newspapers  or  magazines  to  an  ultimate  consumer 
is  subject  to  the  self-employment  tax  if  the  income  consists  of 
retained  profits  from  such  sales. 

5.  Real  estate  rentals. — Rentals  from  real  estate,  except  rentals 
received  in  the  course  of  a  trade  or  business  as  a  real  estate  dealer. 
Payments  for  the  use  or  occupancy  of  rooms  or  other  space  where 
services  are  also  rendered  to  the  occupant,  such  as  rooms  in  hotels, 
boarding  houses,  apartment  houses  furnishing  hotel  services,  tourist 
camps,  tourist  homes,  or  space  in  parking  lots,  warehouses,  or 
storage  garages  do  not  constitute  rentals  from  real  estate  and  there- 
fore are  included  in  determining  net  earnings  from  self-employment; 

6.  Interest  and  dividends. — Dividends  on  shares  of  stock,  and 
interest  on  bonds,  debentures,  notes,  certificates,  or  other  evidences 
of  indebtedness,  issued  with  interest  coupons  or  in  registered  form 
by  a  corporation,  or  by  a  government  or  political  subdivision  thereof, 
unless  received  in  the  course  of  a  trade  or  business  as  a  dealer  in 
stocks  or  securities;  and 


7.  Property  gains  and  losses. — Gain  or  loss  (A)  from  the  sale  or 
exchange  of  a  capital  asset,  (B)  to  which  sections  631  and  1 23 1 
are  applicable,  or  (C)  from  the  sale,  exchange,  involuntary  con- 
version, or  other  disposition  of  property  if  such  property  is  neither 
(1)  stock  in  trade  or  other  property  of  a  kind  which  would  properly 
be  includible  in  inventory  it  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  taxable 
year,  nor  (2)  property  held  primarily  lor  sale  to  customers  in  the 
ordinary  course  of  the  trade  or  business. 

Net  operating  losses. — In  determining  the  net  earnings  from 
self-employment,  no  deduction  for  net  operating  losses  of  other  years 
shall  be  allowed. 

MORE  THAN  ONE  TRADE  OR  BUSINESS 

If  an  individual  is  engaged  in  more  than  one  trade  or  business, 
his  net  earnings  from  self-employment  are  the  total  of  his  net  earnings 
from  self-employment  of  each  trade  or  business  carried  on  by  him. 
Thus,  the  loss  sustained  in  one  trade  or  business  will  operate  to 
reduce  the  income  derived  from  another  trade  or  business. 

JOINT  RETURNS 

Where  husband  and  wife  file  a  joint  return,  page  3  of  Schedule  C 
(Forra  1040)  should  show  the  name  of  the  one  with  self -employment 
income.  Where  husband  and  wife  each  have  self-employment 
income,  a  separate  Schedule  C  must  be  attached  for  each.  In  such 
cases  the  total  of  amounts  shown  on  line  24  of  each  separate  schedule 
should  be  entered  on  line  1,  Schedule  C  Summary,  page  2,  Form 
1040,  and  the  aggregate  self -employment  tax  (line  36)  should  be 
entered  as  item  10,  page  1,  Form  1040. 

COMMUNITY  INCOME 

For  the  purpose  of  computing  net  earnings  from  self-employment, 
if  any  of  the  income  from  a  trade  or  business  is  community  income, 
all  the  income  from  such  trade  or  business  is  considered  the  income 
of  the  husband  unless  the  wife  exercises  substantially  all  the  man- 
agement and  control  of  the  trade  or  business,  in  which  case  all  of 
such  income  is  considered  the  income  of  the  wife. 

If  separate  returns  are  filed  by  the  husband  and  wife,  a  complete 
Schedule  C  should  be  attached  to  the  return  of  the  one  with  self- 
employment  income.  Community  income  included  on  such  a 
schedule  must,  however,  be  allocated  between  the  two  returns  (on 
line  1,  Schedule  C  Summary,  page  2,  Form  1040)  on  the  basis  of  the 
community  property  laws. 

In  computing  his  aggregate  net  earnings  from  self-employment, 
a  partner  should  include  his  entire  share  of  such  earnings  from  a 
partnership.  No  part  of  that  share  may  be  attributed  to  the  part- 
ner's wife  (or  husband)  even  though  the  income  may,  under  State 
law,  be  community  income. 

FISCAL  YEARS 

For  fiscal  years  ending  after  December  31,  1954,  the  amounts  of 
$3,600  appearing  on  lines  32  and  33,  page  3,  in  the  computation 
of  the  self -employment  tax  should  be  changed  to  $4,200. 

If  you  are  a  Christian  Science  practitioner,  architect,  accountant, 
funeral  director,  engineer,  minister,  member  of  a  religious  order,  or 
a  farmer,  reporting  on  a  fiscal  year  basis,  consult  your  nearest 
Internal  Revenue  Service  oHice  for  the  recent  changes  in  the  law 
which  affect  your  liability  for  self-employment  tax. 

SCHEDULE  C-a  (Form  1040) 

To  assure  proper  credit  to  your  account,  be  sure  to  enter  your 
name  and  social  security  account  number  on  Schedule  C-a  (Form 
1040)  exactly  as  they  are  shown  on  your  social  security  card.  If 
you  do  not  have  a  social  security  account  number,  you  must  get 
one.  These  account  numbers  are  obtainable  from  any  of  the 
approximately  500  Social  Security  Administration  offices  through- 
out the  country.  The  telephone  directory  or  your  local  post  office 
will  give  you  the  address.  Do  not  delay  filing  your  return  beyond 
the  due  date  even  though  you  have  not  obtained  your  social  security 
account  number. 

Regardless  of  whether  a  joint  or  separate  returns  on  Form  1040 
are  filed  by  husband  and  wife.  Schedule  C-a  (Form  1040)  should 
show  only  the  name  of  the  one  with  the  self-employment  income. 
If  both  had  net  earnings  from  self -employment,  a  separate  Schedule 
C-a  must  be  filed  by  each. 


U.  S.   COVCBNMENT  PRINTrnCi  OFFICE  16 — 70995-1 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


119 


SCHEDULE  D 

For  use  vrith 

Forms  1040.  1041, 

ar>d  1065 


U.  S.  Treasury  Department — Internal  Revenue  Service 

GAINS  AND  LOSSES  FROM  SALES  OR  EXCHANGES  OF  PROPERTY 

USE  WITH  INDIVIDUAL,  FIDUCIARY,  OR  PARTNERSHIP  RETURNS 


1954 


For  Calendar  Year  1954,  or  other  taxable  year  beginning 


1954,  and  ending 


195 


Name  and  Address 


Check  type  of  return  filed: 

□  Form          I      I  Form          I      I  Form 
1040  I I   1041  1 I   1065 


(I) 

PROPERTY  OTHER  THAN  CAPITAL  ASSETS 

a.  Kind  of  proparly  (if  necessary,  altacli  statement 
of  descriptive  details  not  stiown  below) 

b.  Date 
acquired 

(mo., 
day,  yr.) 

c.  Date 
sold  (mo., 
day.  yr.) 

d.  Gross  sales  price 
(contract  price) 

e.  Depreciation 

allowed  (or 

allowable)  since 

acquisition  or 

March  1,  1913 

(attacti  scfiedule) 

f.  Cost  or  other 
basis  and  cost  of 
subsequent  im- 
provements (if  not 
purchased,  attach 
explanation) 

g.  Expense  of  sale 

h.  Gain  or  loss  (column  d 
plus  column  e  less  sum 
of  columns  f  and  g) 

I __. 

$..._ ___. 

$ 

$ 

$  _... 

$ 

2.  Net  gain  (or  loss).     Enter  here  and  on  line  1,  Schedule  D,  Form  1040,  or  as  item  8  (a),  page  1,  Form  1041,  or  as 
item  1 1,  page  1,  Form  1065 

$ 

(II)  CAPITAL  ASSETS 


Short-Term  Capital  Gains  and  Losses — Assets  Held  Not  More  Than  6  Months 


3. 


4.  Enter  your  shore  of  net  short-term  gain  (or  loss)  from  partnerships  and  fiduciaries 

5.  Enter  unused  capital  loss  carryover  from  5  preceding  taxable  years  (Attach  statement) 

6.  Net  short-term  gain  (or  loss)  from  lines  3,  4,  and  5.     Enter  here  and  in  Schedule  D,  Form  1041,  or  as  item  26,   page 
1,  Form  1065 


Long-Term  Capital  Gains  and  Losses — ^Assets  Held  More  Than  6  Months 


7. 


$-. 


8.  Enter  the  full  amount  of  your  share  of  net  long-term  gain  (or  loss)  from  partnerships  and  fiduciaries 

9.  Net  long-term  gain  (or  loss)  from  lines  7  and  8.     Enter  here  and  in  Schedule  D,  Form  1041,  or  as  item  27,  page 
1,  Form  1065 


LINES  10  THROUGH  25  NOT  APPLICABLE  TO  FIDUCIARIES  AND  PARTNERSHIPS 


Gain  or  Loss  To  Be  Token  Into  Account 

a.  Gain 

b.  Loss 

10-  Enter  net  short-term  gain  (or  loss)  from  line  6                 . .    .    .            

S 

<; 

11a  hnter  net  lona-term  aain  (or  loss)  irom  line  y                                                   

.« 

Use  lines  12  through  15  only  if  gains  exceed  losses  in  lines  10  and  11. 

12.  Enter  short-term  gain  (hne  10,  col.  a)  reduced  by  any  long-term  loss  (hne  1 1,  col.  b) 

13.  Enter  long-term  gain  (line  1 1,  col.  o)  reduced  by  any  short-term  loss  (hne  10,  col.  b) 

14.  Enter  50  nercent  of  line  13                                                             

$ 

$ 

IS.  Enter  here  and  on  line  2,  Schedule  D,  Form  1040,  the  sum  of  lines  12  and  14 

$ 

Use  lines  16  and  17  only  if  losses  exceed  gains  in  lines  10  and  11. 

iR 

17-  Enter  here  and  on  line  2,  Schedule  D,  Form  1040,  the  smallest  of  the  following:  (a)  the  amount  on  line  16;  (b)  tax- 
able income  computed  without  regard  to  capital  gains  and  losses  and  the  deduction  for  exemptions;  or  (c)  $1,000.  . 

$ 

COMPUTATION  OF  ALTERNATIVE  TAX  FOR  INDIVIDUALS  (Form  1040) 
(See  instructions  on  other  side  as  to  when  the  alternative  tax  applies) 


18.  Enter  from  page  3,  Form  1040,  the  income  from  line  5  if  separate  return  or  line  7  (a)  if  joint  return 

19.  Enter  amount  from  line  14,  column  a,  above,  if  separate  return,  or  half  of  such  amount  if  joint  return 

20.  Balance  (line  18  less  line  19) 

21.  Enter  tax  on  amount  on  line  20  (Use  applicable  Tax  Rate  Schedule  in  Form  1040  Instructions) 

22.  If  joint  return,  multiply  amount  on  line  21  by  two 

23.  Enter  50  percent  of  line  19 

24.  If  joint  return,  multiply  amount  on  line  23  by  two 

25.  Alternative  tax  Oine  21  plus  line  23  if  separate  return;  line  22  plus  hne  24  if  joint  return).     If  smaller  than  amount 
on  line  6  or  line  7(c),  page  3,  Form  1040,  enter  this  alternative  tax  on  line  8,  page  3.  Form  1040. 


NOTE. — In  lines  18  to  25  the  treatment  in  the  case  of  a  joint  return  is  also  applicable  to  a  return  of  a  surviving  widow  or  widower. 


120 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


INSTRUCTIONS— (References  cue 

GAINS  AND  LOSSES  FROM  SALES  OR  EXCHANGES  OF 
PROPERTY. — Report  details  in  schedule  on  other  side. 

"Capital  assets"  defined. — The  term  "capital  assets"  means 
property  held  by  the  taxpayer  (whether  or  not  connected  with  his 
trade  or  business)  but  does  NOT  include — 

(a)  stock  in  trade  or  other  property  of  a  kind  properly  includible 
in  his  inventory  if  on  hand  at  the  close  of  the  taxable  year; 

(b)  property  held  by  the  taxpayer  primarily  for  sale  to  cus- 
tomers in  the  ordinary  course  of  his  trade  or  business; 

(c)  property  used  in  the  trade  or  business  of  a  character  which 
is  subject  to  the  allowance  for  depreciation  provided  in 
section  167; 

(d)  real  property  used  in  the  trade  or  business  of  the  taxpayer; 

(e)  certain  government  obligations  issued  on  or  after  March  1, 
1941,  at  a  discount,  payable  without  interest  and  maturing 
at  a  fixed  date  not  exceeding  one  year  from  date  of  issue; 

(f)  certain  copyrights,  literary,  musical,  or  artistic  composi- 
tions, etc.;  or 

(g)  accounts  and  notes  receivable  acquired  in  the  ordinary 
course  of  trade  or  business  for  services  rendered  or  from 
the  sale  of  property  referred  to  in  (a)  or  (b)  above. 

In  connection  with  (b)  above,  the  law  allows  dealers  in  securities 
capital  gain  or  loss  treatment  with  respect  to  certain  securities 
which  were  clearly  identified  as  being  held  for  investment.  Also, 
in  the  case  of  a  taxpayer  other  than  a  corporation,  certain  real 
property  subdivided  for  sale  may  be  treated  as  capital  assets. 
Sections  1236  and  1237. 

If  the  total  distribution  to  which  an  employee  is  entitled  under 
an  employees'  pension,  bonus,  or  profit-sharing  trust  plan  exempt 
from  tax  under  section  501(a),  is  received  by  the  employee  in  one 
taxable  year,  on  account  of  the  employee's  separation  from  the  serv- 
ice, the  aggregate  amount  of  such  distribution,  to  the  extent  it 
exceeds  the  amounts  contributed  by  the  employee,  shall  be  treated 
as  a  long-term  capital  gain.     See  section  402. 

A  capital  gain  dividend,  as  defined  in  section  852  (relating  to 
tax  on  regulated  investment  companies),  shall  be  treated  by  the 
shareholder  as  a  long-term  capital  gain. 

Gain  on  sale  of  depreciable  property  between  husband  and  wife 
or  between  a  shareholder  and  a  "controlled  corporation"  shall  be 
treated  as  ordinary  gain.     Section  1239. 

A  transfer  (other  than  by  gift,  inheritance,  or  devise)  by  an 
individual  "holder"  of  all  substantial  rights  evidenced  by  a  patent, 
or  an  undivided  interest  therein,  shall  be  considered  the  sale  or 
exchange  of  a  capital  asset  held  for  more  than  6  months. 

Gains  and  losses  from  transactions  described  in  section  1231 
(see  below)  shall  be  treated  as  gains  and  losses  from  the  sale  or 
exchange  of  capital  assets  held  for  more  than  6  months  if  the  total 
of  these  gains  exceeds  the  total  of  these  losses.  If  the  total  of  these 
gains  does  not  exceed  the  total  of  these  losses,  such  gains  and  losses 
shall  not  be  treated  as  gains  and  losses  from  the  sale  or  exchange 
of  capital  assets.  Thus,  in  the  event  of  a  net  gain,  all  these  trans- 
actions should  be  entered  in  the  "long-term  capital  gains  and  losses" 
portion  of  Schedule  D.  In  the  event  of  a  net  loss,  all  these  trans- 
actions should  be  entered  in  the  "property  other  than  capital  assets" 
portion  of  Schedule  D,  or  in  other  applicable  schedules  on  Forms 
1040,  1041,  or  1065. 

Section  1231  deals  vrith  gains  and  losses  arising  from — 

(a)  sale,  exchange,  or  involuntary  conversion,  of  land  (includ- 
ing in  certain  cases  unharvested  crops  sold  with  the  land) 
and  depreciable  property  if  they  are  used  in  the  trade  or 
business  and  held  for  more  than  6  months, 

(b)  sale,  exchange,  or  involuntary  conversion  of  livestock  held 
for  draft,  breeding,  or  dairy  purposes  (but  not  including 
poultry)  and  held  for  1  year  or  more, 

(c)  the  cutting  of  timber  or  the  disposal  of  timber  or  coal  to 
which  section  631  applies,  and 

(d)  the  involuntary  conversion  of  capital  assets  held  more  than 
6  months. 

See  sections  1231  and  631  for  specific  conditions  applicable. 

Description  of  property  listed. — State  following  facts:  (a)  For 
real  estate  (including  owner-occupied  residences),  location  and 
description  of  land  and  improvements;  (b)  for  bonds  or  other  evi- 
dences of  indebtedness,  name  of  issuing  corporation,  particular 
issue,  denomination,  and  amount;  and  (c)  for  stocks,  name  of  corpo  - 
ration,  class  of  stock,  number  of  shares,  and  capital  changes 
affecting  basis  (including  nontaxable  distributions). 

Basis. — In  determining  gain  or  loss  in  case  of  property  acquired 
after  February  28,  1913,  use  cost,  except  as  specially  provided. 
The  basis  of  property  acquired  by  gift  after  December  31,  1920,  is 
the  cost  or  other  basis  to  the  donor  in  the  event  of  gain,  but,  in  the 
event  of  loss,  it  is  the  lower  of  either  such  donor's  basis  or  the  fair 
market  value  on  date  of  gift.  Generally  the  basis  of  property 
acquired  by  inheritance  is  the  fair  market  value  at  time  of  acqui- 
sition which  usually  is  the  date  of  death.  For  special  cases  involving 
property  acquired  from  a  decedent,  see  section  1014.  In  the  case  of 
sales  and  exchanges  of  automobiles  and  other  property  not  used  in 


to  the  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954) 

your  trade  or  business,  or  not  used  for  the  production  of  income, 
the  basis  for  determining  gain  is  the  original  cost  plus  the  cost  of 
permanent  improvements  thereto.  No  losses  are  recognized  for  in- 
come tax  purposes  on  the  sale  and  exchange  of  such  properties. 
In  determining  GAIN  in  case  of  property  acquired  before  March  1, 
1913,  use  the  cost  or  the  fair  market  value  as  of  March  1,  1913, 
as  adjusted,  whichever  is  greater,  but  in  determining  LOSS  use 
cost  as  adjusted. 

Sale  of  a  personal  residence. — See  Form  1040  instructions  for 
special  rules  applicable  to  sale  or  exchange  of  your  residence. 

Losses  on  securities  becoming  worthless. — If  (a)  shares  of 
stock  become  worthless  during  the  year  or  (b)  corporate  securities 
with  interest  coupons  or  in  registered  form  become  worthless  during 
the  year,  and  are  capital  assets,  the  loss  therefrom  shall  bo  con- 
sidered as  from  the  sale  or  exchange  of  capital  assets  as  of  the  last 
day  of  such  taxable  year. 

Nonbusiness  debts. — If  a  debt,  such  as  a  personal  loan,  becomes 
totally  worthless  within  the  taxable  year,  the  loss  resulting  therefrom 
shall  be  considered  a  loss  from  the  sale  or  exchange,  during  the 
taxable  year,  of  a  capital  asset  held  for  not  more  than  6  months. 
Enter  such  loss  in  column  (h)  and  describe  in  column  (a)  in  the 
schedule  of  short-term  capital  gains  and  losses  on  other  side.  This 
does  not  apply  to  (a)  a  debt  evidenced  by  a  corporate  security  with 
interest  coupons  or  in  registered  form  and  (b)  a  debt  acquired  in 
your  trade  or  business. 

Classification  of  capital  gains  and  losses. — The  phrase 
"short-term"  applies  to  gains  and  losses  from  the  sale  or  exchange  of 
capital  assets  held  for  6  months  or  less;  the  phrase  "long-term" 
applies  to  capital  assets  held  for  more  than  6  months. 

Treatment  of  capital  gains  and  losses. — Short-term  capital 
gains  and  losses  will  be  merged  to  obtain  the  net  short-term 
capital  gain  or  loss.  Long-term  capital  gains  and  losses  (taken  into 
account  at  100  percent)  will  be  merged  to  obtain  the  net  long- 
term  capital  gain  or  loss.  If  the  net  short-term  capital  gain  exceeds 
the  net  long-term  capital  loss,  100  percent  of  such  excess  shall  be 
included  in  income.  If  the  net  long-term  capital  gain  exceeds  the 
net  short-term  capital  loss,  50  percent  of  such  excess  shall  be 
included  in  income.     In  the  case  of  a  hduciary,  see  section  1202. 

Limitation  on  allowable  copital  losses. — If  the  sum  of  all  the 
capital  losses  exceeds  the  sum  of  all  the  capital  gains  (all  such 
gains  and  losses  to  be  taken  into  account  at  100  percent),  then 
such  capital  losses  shall  be  allowed  as  a  deduction  only  to  the 
extent  of  (1)  current  year  capital  gains  plus  (2)  the  smaller  of  either 
the  taxable  income  of  the  current  year  (or  adjusted  gross  income  if 
tax  table  is  used)  or  $1,000.  For  this  purpose  taxable  income  is 
computed  without  regard  to  capital  gains  or  losses  or  the  deduction 
for  exemptions.  The  excess  of  such  allowable  losses  over  the  sum 
of  items  (1)  and  (2)  above  is  called  "capital  loss  carryover"  (not 
applicable  to  partnerships).  It  may  be  carried  forward  and  treated 
as  a  short-term  capital  loss  in  succeeding  years.  However,  the 
capital  loss  carryover  of  each  year  should  be  kept  separate,  since 
the  law  limits  the  use  of  such  carryover  to  the  five  succeeding  years. 
In  offsetting  your  capital  gain  and  income  of  1954  by  prior  year 
loss  carryovers,  use  any  capital  loss  carryover  from  1949  before 
using  any  such  carryover  from  1950  or  subsequent  years.  Any 
1949  carryover  which  cannot  be  used  in  1954  must  be  excluded  in 
determining  total  loss  carryover  to  1955  and  subsequent  years. 

Collapsible  corporations. — Gain  from  the  sale  or  exchange  of 
stock  in  a  collapsible  corporation  is  not  a  capital  gain.    Section  341. 

"Wash  sales"  losses. — Losses  from  the  sale  or  other  disposition 
of  stocks  or  securities  are  not  deductible  (unless  sustained  in  con- 
nection with  the  taxpayer's  trade  or  business)  if,  within  30  days 
before  or  after  the  date  of  sale  or  other  disposition,  the  taxpayer 
has  acquired  (by  purchase  or  by  an  exchange  upon  which  the 
entire  amount  of  gain  or  loss  was  recognized  by  law)  or  has  entered 
into  a  contract  or  option  to  acquire,  substantially  identical  stock 
or  securities. 

Losses  in  transactions  between  certain  persons. — No  deduc- 
Hon  is  allowable  for  losses  from  sales  or  exchanges  of  property 
directly  or  indirectly  between  (a)  members  of  a  family,  (b)  a  cor- 
poration and  an  individual  (or  a  fiduciary)  owning  more  than  50 
percent  of  the  corporation's  stock  (liquidations  excepted),  (c)  a 
grantor  and  fiduciary  of  any  trust,  (d)  a  fiduciary  and  a  k)eneficiary 
of  the  same  trust,  (e)  a  fiduciary  and  a  fiduciary  or  beneficiary  of 
another  trust  created  by  the  same  grantor,  or  (f)  an  individual  and 
a  tax-exempt  organization  controlled  by  the  individual  or  his 
family^ 

ALTERNATIVE  TAX.— If  the  net  long-term  capital  gain 
exceeds  the  net  short-term  capital  loss,  or  in  the  case  of  only  a 
long-terra  capital  gain,  individual  taxpayers  (a)  filing  separate  re- 
turns with  taxable  income  exceeding  $18,000,  or  (b)  filing  joint  re- 
turns or  as  surviving  widows  or  widowers  with  taxable  income  ex- 
ceeding $36,000,  or  (c)  filing  as  head  of  household  with  taxable 
income  exceeding  $24,000,  vrill  usually  find  it  to  their  advantage 
to  compute  the  alternative  tax  on  the  other  side.  The  alternative 
tax,  if  less  than  the  tax  computed  on  page  3  of  Form  1040,  shall  be 
the  tax  liability.  opo       jo-Tomo-i 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


121 


FORM  1040  F 

U.  S.  Treasury  Department 
Internal   Revenue  Service 


Attach  This  Form  to  Your 
Income  Tax  Return  Form 
1040  and  File  It  With  the 
District  Director  of  Internal 
Revenue  for  Your  DIstrlcL 


SCHEDULE  OF  FARM  INCOME  AND  EXPENSES 

For  Calendar  Year  1954 
Or  other  taxable  year  beginning  -— ,  1954,  and  ending ,  195. 


1954 


Name _ 

Address _ 

Location  of  farm  or  farms 

Number  of  acres  in  each  farm . 


If  Your  Accounts  Are  Kept  on 
the  Cash  Method,  Fill  in 
Pages  1  and  2. 
If  You  Keep  Books  on  an 
Accrual  Method  and  Desire 
to  Use  This  Form,  FIN  In 
Pages  2  and  3  Instead. 


FARM   INCOME  FOR  TAXABLE  PERIOD  COMPUTED  ON  THE  CASH  RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS  METHOD 
(See  Instructions  on  Schedule  D  (Form  1040>  for  tax  treatment  of  certain  livestock  held  for  draft,  breeding,  or  dairy  purposes) 


l.SALE  OF  LIVESTOCK  RAISED 

2.  SALE  OF  PRODUCE  RAISED 

3.  OTHER  FARM  INCOME 

Kind 

Quantity 

Amount 

Kind 

Quantity 

Amount 

Items 

Amount 

Cattle 

Horses 

$ 

Grain 

Hay 

Cotton 

Tobacco 

Vegetables.  .  .  . 
Fruits  and  nuts. 
Dairy  products. 

Eggs 

Meat  products . 
Poultry,  dressed 

Wool 

Honey 

$ 

Mdse.  rec'd  for  produce. . 
Machine  work 

$- 

Mules      .    . 

Hire  of  teams 

Sheep 

Swine 

Breeding  fees 

Rent  rec'd  in  crop  shares. 

Wood  and  lumber 

Other  forest  products .... 
Agricultural     program 
payments 

Fur-bearing 
animals.  .  .  . 

Chickens .... 

Turkeys 

Ducks 

Patronage  dividends,  re- 
bates   or    refunds,    if 
not  reported  elsewhere 
in  return    

Goats   .  . 

Bees 

Other  (specify): 

Sirup  and  sugar. 

Other  (specify): 

Other  (specify): 

Total 

$ 

Total 

$ 

Total 

$ 

(Enter  on  li(] 

e  1  of  summary  below) 

(Enter  on  li 

le  2  of  summary  below) 

(Enter  on  li 

ie  3  of  summary  below) 

4.  SALE  OF  LIVESTOCK  AND  OTHER  ITEMS  PURCHASED 


.  Description 


2.  Date  acquired 


3.  Gross  sales  price 
(contract  price) 


4.  Cost  or  other  basis 


5.  Depreciation  al- 

lowed  (or  allowable) 

since  acquisiton  or 

March  1.  1913 


6.  Profit  (column  3  plus 

column  5  minus 

column  4) 


Total  (enter  on  line  4  of  summary  below) $ 

SUMMARY  OF  INCOME  AND  DEDUCTIONS  COMPUTED  ON  THE  CASH  RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS  METHOD 


1.  Sale  of  livestock  raised 

2.  Sale  of  produce  raised 

3.  Other  farm  income 

4.  Profit  on  sale  of  livestock  and  other 

items  purchased 

Gross  Profits 


5. 


$ 


$ 


6.  Expenses  (from  page  2) .  .  .  . 

7.  Depreciation  (from  page  2). 

8.  Other  deductions  (specify): 


9. 


Total  Deductions. 


$-. 


10.  Net  farm  profit  (or  loss)  (line  5  minus  line  9)  to  be  reported  in  Schedule  C  Summary,  Form  1040. 


16— 7U99S-1 


122 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


FARM  EXPENSES  TOR  TAXABLE  YEAR  (Sec  Instructions) 

(Do  nol  include  personal  or  living  expenses  or  expenses  not  alUibulable  1o  pioduclion  of  farm  income,  such  as  ta»es,  insurance,  repaiii,  etc.,  on  yout  dwelline) 


Labor  hired 

Feed  purchased 

Seed  and  plants  purchased 

Machine  hire 

Supplies  purchased 

Cost  of  repairs  and  maintenance 

Breeding  fees 

Fertilizers  and  lime 

Veterinary  and  medicine  for  livestock .  . . . 
Gasoline,  other  fuel  and  oil  for  farm  busi- 


ness. 


2.  Amount 


3.  Hems 
(Continued) 


Rent  of  farm,  part  of  farm,  or  pasturage. . . 

Freight,  yardage,  express,  and  trucking.  .  . 

Automobile  upkeep  (farm  share) 

Amortization  of  grain  storage  facilities  (at- 
tach statement) 

Soil  and  water  conservation  expenses  (at- 
tach statement  showing  computation)  . 

Other  farm  expenses  (specify): 


4  Amount 
(Continued) 


$ 


Storage  and  warehousing. 
Taxes 


Insurance  on  property  (except  your  dwell- 
ing)  

Interest  on  farm  notes  and  mortgages .... 

Water  rent,  electricity,  and  telephone 

Total  of  Columns  2  and  4  (enter  on  line  6  of  summary  on  page  1  (cash  method)  or  line  7,  page  3 
(accrual  method)) 


DEPRECIATION  (See  Instructions) 


1.  Kind  ot  ptopprly  (if  buddings, 
stale   materrai   cl  which   cofi- 
sUucled).    Exclude    land    and 
other  nondepreciable  properly 

2.  Dale 
acquiied 

3.  Cost  or  olJier  basis 

1.  Dftprpciation  allowed  (or 
allowable)  in  piiur  yeats 

5.  Method 

6.  RafeC;^) 
01  life  (years) 

7.  Depreciation  for 
this  year 

$ ^ 

$. 

$-- 

Total  (enter  on 

lineVo 

'  summary  on  page  1  (cash  method)  c 

)r  line  8,  page  3  (accrual  method)) .  . 

$ 

FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


123 


FARM  INVENTORY  FOR  INCOME  COMPUTED  ON  AN  ACCRUAL  METKOD  Pa£8  3 

(Do  not  include  certain  livestock  held  for  draft,  breeding,  or  dairy  purposes.    Se«  Instructions  on  Scliedule  D  (Form  1C4D}.) 


Deccriplton 

(Kind  oi  hvesloctt.  crops, 

or  other  products) 

On  Hand  at  Be£inning 
of  Year 

Purchased  During  Year 

Raised  During  Year 

Consumed  or  Lost 
During  Year 

Sold  During  Year 

On  Hand  at  End  of  Year 

Quan- 
tity 

Inventory  value 

Quan- 
tity 

Amount  paid 

Quan- 
tily 

Inventory  value 

Quan- 
tity 

Inventory  value 

Quan- 
tity 

Amount  received 

Quan- 
tity 

Inventory  value 

$            

$ 

$ 

$_    

$.      

$ 

$ _ 

(Enter  on  line  4) 

$ 

$  _ 

?     - 

(Enter  on  line  2) 

$ 

(Enter  on  line  5) 

(Enlor  on  line  1) 

SUMMARY  CF  INCOME  AND  DEDUCTIONS  COMPUTED  ON  AN  ACCRUAL  METHOD 


1.  Inventory  of  livestock,  crops,  and  products  at  end  of 

year 

2.  Sales  of  livestock,  crops,  and  products  during  year. . 
la.  Other  miscellaneous  receipts  (specify): 


Total. 


3. 

4.  Inventory  of  livestock,   crops,  and 

products  at  beginning  of  year 

5.  Cost  of  livestock  and  products  pur- 
chased during  year. 


6.  Gross  profits  (line  3  minus  the  sum  of  lines  4  and  5). 


7-  Expenses  (from  page  2). . . . 

8.  Depreciation  (from  page  2). 

9.  Other  deductions  (specify) : 


10. 


Total  Deductions 


11.  Net  farm  profit  (or  loss)  (line  6  minus  line  10)  to  be  reported  in  Schedule  C  Summary,  Form  1040. 


$-. 


10— 70b9S-l 


445805  O  -57  -9 


124 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


INSTRUCTIONS 

METHOD  OF  ACCOUNTING 

Farmers  may  compute  their  income  either  on  the  cash  receipts  and 
disbursements  method  or  the  accrual  method,  but  whichever  method 
is  adopted  in  filing  their  first  return  must  be  followed  until  the 
consent  of  the  Commissioner  is  received  to  change  the  method. 


Page  4 

Supplies  purchased. — Cost  of  twine,  spray  material,  poisons,  dis- 
infectant, cans,  barrels,  baskets,  egg  cases,  bags,  and  other  smular 
farm  supplies  purchased. 


CASH  RECEIPTS  AND  DISBURSEMENTS  METHOD 

A  farmer  reporting  on  the  basis  of  cash  receipts  and  disbursements 
shall  include  in  his  gross  income  for  the  taxable  year  ( i )  the  amount 
of  cash  or  the  value  of  merchandise  or  other  property  received  from 
the  sale  of  livestock  and  produce  which  were  raised  during  the  tax- 
able year  or  prior  years,  ( 2 )  the  profits  from  the  sale  of  any  livestock 
or  other  items  which  were  purchased,  and  (3)  gross  income  from 
all  other  sources.  The  farm  expenses  will  be  the  actual  amounts  paid 
out  during  the  taxable  year. 

ACCRUAL  METHOD 

For  a  farmer  reporting  on  the  accrual  method,  the  gross  profits 
are  obtained  as  indicated  in  summar>-  of  income  and  deductions  on 
page  3  of  this  form.  The  farm  expenses  will  be  the  actual  expenses 
incurred  during  the  year,  whether  paid  or  not. 

Farmers  who  compute  income  on  an  accrual  method  and  use 
inventories,  may  value  their  inventories  according  to  the  'farm-price 
method  "  which  provides  for  the  valuation  of  inventories  at  market 
price  less  direct  cost  of  disposition.  If  the  use  of  the  farm-price 
method"  of  valuing  inventories  for  any  taxable  year  involves  a 
change  in  method  of  valuing  inventories  from  that  employed  in  prior 
years!  permission  for  such  change  shall  first  be  secured  from  the 
Commissioner.  Farmers  raising  livestock  may  value  their  inventories 
of  animals  according  to  either  the  "farm-price  method  or  the  unit 
livestock  price  method." 

INCOME 

All  the  farm  income  from  whatever  source  must  be  reported  in  this 
schedule.  Anything  of  value  received  instead  of  cash,  such  as  gro- 
ceries received  in  exchange  for  produce,  must  be  treated  as  income 
to  the  extent  of  its  market  value. 

The  value  of  farm  produce  consumed  by  the  farmer  and  his 
family  need  not  be  reported  as  income;  but  expenses  incurred  in 
raising  such  produce  must  not  be  claimed  as  deductions. 

Recoveries  for  hail  and  fire  insurance  on  growing  crops  should 
be  included  in  gross  income. 

Rents  received  in  crop  shares  shall  be  reported  in  income  in  the 
year  in  which  the  crop  shares  are  reduced  to  money  or  the  equiva- 
lent of  money. 

A  taxpayer  electing  to  include  in  gross  income  amounts  received 
during  the  year  as  loans  from  Commodity  Credit  Corporation 
should  file  with  his  return  a  statement  showing  details  of  such  loans. 
(See  section  77  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954) 

Report  gains  and  losses  from  sales  or  exchanges  of  capital  assets 
and  other  property  in  separate  Schedule  D  (Form  1040). 

The  term  "farm"  embraces  the  farm  in- the  ordinarily  accepted 
sense,  and  includes  stock,  dairy,  poultry,  fruit,  truck  farms,  and  all 
land  used  for  farming  operations.  A  person  cultivating  or  operating 
a  farm  for  recreation  or  pleasure,  the  result  of  which  is  a  continual 
loss  from  year  to  year,  is  not  regarded  as  a  farmer. 

EXPENSES  AND  OTHER  DEDUCTIONS 

In  general,  a  farmer  who  operates  a  farm  for  profit  is  entitled  to 
deduct  from  gross  income  as  necessary  expenses  all  amounts  actually 
expended  in  carrying  on  the  business  of  farming,  except  those  which 
represent  capital  investment.  The  following  is  a  list  of  such  expenses 
(taken  from  the  classification  appearing  on  page  2  of  this  form 
though  any  other  equally  descriptive  classification  may  be  used): 

Labor  hired.— Amounts  paid  for  regular  farm  labor,  piece  work, 
contract  labor,  and  other  forms  of  hired  labor.  Do  not  deduct  the 
value  of  your  own  labor  or  that  of  your  wife.  Only  that  part  of  the 
board  which  is  purchased  for  hired  labor  should  be  deducted.  The 
value  of  products  furnished  by  the  farm  and  used  in  the  board  of 
hired  labor  is  not  deductible.  Rations  purchased  for  laborers  or  share- 
croppers are  deductible.  Do  not  deduct  amounts  paid  to  persons 
engaged  in  household  work,  except  to  the  extent  that  the  services  of 
such  persons  are  used  in  boarding  and  otherwise  caring  for  farm 
laborers.  Services  of  such  employees  engaged  in  caring  for  the 
farmer's  own  household  are  not  deductible. 

Feed  purchased. — Cost  of  grain,  hay,  silage,  mill  feeds,  other  con- 
centrates and  roughages  purchased,  and  amounts  paid  for  grinding, 
mixing,  and  processing  of  feed. 

Machine  hire. — Amounts  paid  for  threshing,  combining,  silo 
filling,  baling,  ginning,  and  other  machine  hire. 


Cost  of  repairs  and  maintenance. — Amounts  expended  for  repairs 
and  maintenance  of  farm  buildings  (except  your  dwelling),  fences, 
drains,  and  other  farm  improvements,  and  for  repairs  and  rnam- 
tenance  of  farm  machinery  and  equipment;  cost  of  small  tools  of 
short  life  such  as  shovels,  rakes,  etc.  Amounts  expended  for  replace- 
ments of,  or  additions  to,  farm  machinery,  farm  buildings,  or  othe» 
farm  equipment  of  a  permanent  nature  are  not  deductible. 

Fertilizers  and  lime. — Cost  of  commercial  fertilizers,  lime,  and 
manure  purchased  during  the  year,  the  benefit  of  which  is  of  short 
duration. 

Taxes. — State  and  local  taxes.  Do  not  deduct  Federal  income 
taxes;  estate,  inheritance,  legacy,  succession,  and  gift  taxes;  nor 
taxes  assessed  for  any  improvement  or  betterment  tending  to  m- 
crease  the  value  of  the  property  assessed.  Do  not  deduct  taxes  on 
your  dwelling  or  household  property  and  other  personal  taxes. 
Insurance.— Cost  of  all  insurance  on  farm  buildings  (except  your 
dwelling)  and  improvements,  equipment,  crops,  and  livestock. 

Interest  on  farm  notes  and  mortgages. — Interest  paid  on  farm 
mortgages  and  other  obligations  incurred  to  carry  on  farming. 

Water  rent,  electricity,  and  telephone. — The  farm  share  of  these 
expenditures.  Do  not  deduct  personal  expenses. 

Rent  of  farm,  part  of  farm,  or  pasturage.— Rent  paid  in  cash. 
A  tenant  farmer  paying  rent  to  his  landlord  in  the  form  of  "ops 
raised  on  the  farm  (under  a  cropshare  agreement)  may  not  deduct 
as  rent  the  value  of  the  crop  given  to  the  landlord,  but  the  tenant 
may  deduct  all  amounts  paid  by  him  in  raising  the  crop. 

Automobile  upkeep. — For  automobiles  used  exclusively  in  farm 
operations,  all  expenses  of  operation,  repair,  and  depreciation.  For 
automobiles  used  both  for  farm  and  for  personal  transportation,  only 
that  part  of  the  expense  corresponding  to  the  farm  use  may  be 
deducted. 

Soil  and  water  conservation  expenses.— See  instructions  to  Form 
1040  for  explanation  of  these  expenses. 

Other  farm  expenses.— Fees  paid  for  advertising  farm  products; 
expenditures  for  stamps,  stationery,  account  books,  and  other  othce 
supplies  purchased  for  farm  use ;  expenditures  for  travel  in  connec- 
tion with  the  farm  and  similar  expenditures.  Amounts  expended  for 
purchase  of  automobiles,  farm  machinery,  farm  buildings,  or  other 
farm  equipment  of  a  permanent  nature  are  not  deductible. 

Depreciation.— Allowance  for  depreciation  of  buildings,  improve- 
ments, machineiy,  or  other  farm  equipment  of  a  permanent  nature. 
In  computing  depreciation  do  not  include  the  value  of  farm  land  nor 
the  land  on  which  farm  buildings  are  located.  Do  not  deduct  repairs 
or  depreciation  on  the  dwelling  you  occupy  or  on  your  personal  or 
household  equipment.  Do  not  claim  as  a  separate  item  depreciation 
on  livestock  or  any  other  property  included  in  your  inventory. 
Depreciation,  however,  may  be  claimed  on  livestock  acquired  for 
work  breeding,  or  dairy  purposes  which  are  not  included  in  your 
invcntorv  of  livestock  purchased  or  raised  for  sale.  See  the  instruc 
tions  to  Form  1040  for  methods  of  computing  depreciation. 


Losses.— Losses  of  farm  buildings,  machinery,  and  other  farm 
property  not  included  in  your  inventory,  resulting  from  fire  storm, 
or  other  casualty  and  not  compensated  for  by  insurance  or  otherwise. 
Losses  of  property  included  in  your  inventory  are  taken  care  ot  by 
the  reduced  amount  of  the  inventory  at  the  close  of  the  year.  Ihe 
total  loss  of  a  prospective  crop  by  frost,  storm,  flood  or  fire,  is  not 
deductible.  When  reporting  on  the  cash  basis,  the  value  of  animals 
raised  by  you  and  lost  by  death  is  not  deductible,  while  in  the  case 
of  animals  purchased  and  lost  by  death,  the  cost  less  depreciation 
allowed  or  allowable  is  deductible. 

Amortization.— If  you  elect  the  deduction  with  respect  to  the 
amortization  of  the  adjusted  basis  of  a  grain  storage  facility,  a 
statement  of  the  pertinent  facts  should  be  filed  with  your  election. 
(See  section   169  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954-) 

Net  operating  loss  deductions.— Every  farmer  claiming  a  net 
operating  loss  deduction  shall  file  with  his  return  a  concise  statement 
setting  forth  the  amount  of  the  net  operating  loss  deduction  claiined 
and  ail  material  facts.  The  deduction  should  be  entered  in  Schedule 
C  Summary,  Form  1040,  instead  of  on  Form  1040F. 

Fiscal  year  farmers.— If  you  report  income  on  a  fiscal  year  basis 
and  your  year  ends  after  December  31,  1954,  consult  your  local 
Internal  Revenue  S»rvicc  office  for  the  recent  changes  in  the  law 
which  affect  your  liability  for  self-employment  tax. 


U.  S.   GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE  16  — 70D93-1 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


125 


R.od  instrucHons  carefully.                        U.  S.   INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURN 

Complete  both  sides  o(  (orm. 

Please  print.                                                       If  you  use  this  form,  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  v^ill  compute  your  tax. 

1954     \ 

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hill 

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Ju 
lil3 
QZ 

>> 

3ir 
<  J 

L'< 

az 

HIT 

< 
o 

o 

IS 

1.    NAME 

.ocs 

12 

JO 

§^m^^$^^l           Taxpayer's 

Your  Wife's  (Husband's) 

2.    WIFE'S  (HUSBANDS)   NAME 

7.  Social  Se- 
curity No. 

3.     HOME  ADDRESS  (NUMBER  AND  STREET  OR  RURAL  ROUTE) 

8.  Wases      *■ 

(a) 

— >■ 
E 

o 

(b)                 ; 

9.  Tax 

Withheld  *■ 

(a) 

(b)                      1 

(CITY,  TOWN.  OR   POST  OFFICE)             (ZONE)             (STATE) 

10.  Other 

Income      "^ 

(a) 

(b)               ; 

4.  (C/iccJt)       n  Sinsle            D  Morried 

11.  Special 
Credit       •*• 

(a) 

(b)                        1 

5.   Is  this  a  joint  return?           D  Yes          D  No 

12.  Exclusion-*. 

(a) 

(b)                        ! 

6.   Is  wife  (husband)  filing  seporately?      Q  Yes          D  No 

•    List  your  exemptions  on  other  side. 

1    DECLARE    UNDER   THE    PENALTIES   OF    PERJURY    THAT   THIS    IS    A   TRUE.  CORRECT. 
AND  COMPLETE    RETURN  TO   THE   BEST  OF    MY    KNOWLEDGE    AND    BELIEF. 

(FOR  USE  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE  SERVICE) 
C                                                             ,B 

TAXPAYERS  SIGNATURE  AND  DATE 

IF  JOINT  RETURN.  WIFE'S  (HUSBAND'S)  SIGNATURE 

t- 

13.  EXEMPTIONS  FOR  YOURSELF  AND  WIFE  (OR  HUSBAND) 


EXEMP- 
TIONS 


(a)  For  your  own  exemption,  write  the  FIGURE  1 

(b)  If  you  were  65  or  over  at  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1- 

(c)  If  taxpayer  was  blind  at  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1- 


(d)  If  your  wife  (or  husband)  had  no  income  in  1954,  or  if  this  is  a  joint  return,  write  the  FIGURE  1  for  her  (or  his)  exemption- 

(e)  If  she  (or  he)  is  claimed  as  an  exemption  in  (d)  obove  and  wos  65  or  over  at  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1 

(f)  If  she  (or  he)  is  cloimed  as  an  exemption  in  (d)  above  ond  was  blind  ot  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1 


14.   EXEMPTIONS  FOR  YOUR  CHILDREN  AND  OTHER  DEPENDENTS  (List  below) 

Name  (also  sive  address  If  different  from  yours) 

Relationship 

Answer  ONLY  for  dependents  other  than  children 

^  Enter  Figure  1   in  the  lost  column  to  right  for  each  name 
listed. 

Did  dependent 

liave  gross 

income  of  $600 

or  more? 

Amount  YOU  spent  for 
dependent's  support. 
If  100%.  write  "All" 

Anioiint  spent  by  OTHERS 
including  dependent 

>► 

>- 

>► 

>> 

>► 
>- 

15.  Enter  total  number  of  exemptions  listed  in  items  13  ai 

-^ 

126 


1 


4 


FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 

FOR  EMPLOYEES  EARNING  LESS  THAN  $5,000 

The  enclosed  card,  Form  1040A,  offers  a  simple  way  for  employees  receiving  less  than  $5,000  total 
income  to  file  their  1954  U.  S.  income  tax  returns. 

To  use  this  form: 

Read  instructions  below.     Be  sure  you  qualify.     If  you  don't,  obtain  and  file  a  Form  1040. 

Fill  out  the  copy  on  other  side  for  your  records. 

Transfer  answers  from  your  copy  to  card. 

Sign  the  card  and  mail  it,  together  with  your  withholding  statements  (Forms  W-2),  to  your 
District  Director  in  the  envelope  provided.  The  Internal  Revenue  Service  will  figure  your  tax 
and  send  you  a  check  for  any  refund  due  you  or  a  bill  for  any  amount  you  owe. 


!The  tax  table  sfioum  below  is  only  for  your  information.     You  do  not  use  this  table  in  preparing  Form  1040A.   The  Internal^ 
Revenue  Service  will  use  the  table  to  figure  your  tax.     The  table  allows  you  about  10%  of  your  income  as  deductions. 
This  10%  allowance  takes  Ike  place  of  deductions  which  are  allowed  only  if  you  itemize  your  deductions  on  Form  lOiO,  such  as  the 
deductions  for  charitable  contributions,  interest,  taxes,  losses,  medical  expenses,  miscellaneous  items,  and  the  new  deduction  for  chtld  | 
care  expenses.     If  your  deductions  exceed  10%  of  your  income,  it  will  be  to  your  advantage  to  use  Form  101,0  and  itemize  them. 


GENERAL  INSTRUCTIONS 

Who  Must  File. — Every  citizen  or  resident  of  the 
United  States  under  65  who  had  $600  ($1,200 
if  65  or  over)  or  more  gross  income. 

Who  Moy  Use  U.  S.  Individual  Income  Tax 
Return,  Form  1040A. — If  your  total  gross  in- 
come was  less  than  $5,000  and  consisted  entirely 
of  wages  reported  on  Withholding  Statements 
(Forms  W-2)  and  not  more  than  $100  total  of 
other  wages,  dividends,  and  interest,  you  may 
use  this  form.  A  husband  and  wife  may  file  a 
joint  return  if  their  combined  incomes  do  not 
exceed  these  limits.  If  you  had  income  from 
any  other  sources,  you  may  not  use  this  form 
but  must  file  your  return  on  Form  1040.  Like- 
wise, Form  1040  must  be  used  (1)  in  making  a 
separate  return  of  a  married  person  domiciled  in 
a  community  property  State,  (2)  if  husband  or 
wife  itemizes  deductions,  (3)  if  you  claim  the 
status  of  head  of  household  or  surviving  widow 
or  widower,  or  (4)  if  you  wish  to  claim  credit  for 
dividends  received  or  retirement  income. 

When  to  File.— On  or  after  January  1,  1955, 
but  not  later  than  April  15,  1955. 

Where  to  File.— With  the  District  Director  of 
Internal  Revenue  for  your  district. 

Where  to  Get  Forms. — If  you  need  a  Form  1040 
you  can  get  one  from  any  Internal  Revenue 
office,  and  from  most  banks  and  post  offices. 
Your  employer  will  furnish  you  with  a  With- 
holding Statement. 

Married  Couple — Advantage  of  Joint  Re- 
turn.— A  husband  and  wife  may  make  a  joint 
return  even  though  one  has  no  income.  To  as- 
sure any  benefits  of  the  split-income  provisions, 
they  should  file  a  joint  return.  Both  husband 
and  wife  must  sign  a  joint  return.  A  joint  re- 
turn on  Form  1040A  never  results  in  more  tax 
than  separate  returns. 

Sick  Pay  Exclusion. — If  an  employer  contin- 
ues to  pay  wages  to  an  employee  under  a  wage 
continuation  plan  while  the  employee  is  absent 
from  work  due  to  injury  or  sickness,  such  pay- 
ments may  be  excluded  from  the  employee's 
income,  but  only  to  the  extent  they  do  not  exceed 
a  weekly  rate  of  $100.  However,  the  exclusion 
does  not  apply  to  the  first  seven  calendar  days  of 
an  absence  due  to  sickness  unless  the  employee 
is  hospitalized  for  at  least  one  day  during  the 
period  of  sickness. 

Form  lOlOA  Instructions 


TAX 

TABLE  INTERNAL  REVENUE  SERVICE  WILL  USE  TO 

FIGURE  YOUR  TAX 

II  youi  tol»l 
Income  il— 

And  ttie 

umbel  al  eiempl 

.n„_ 

"""m 

total 
ell— 

And  the 

umber  ol  eiempttoni 

la— 

Andfou 

And  ruu  v^~ 

3 
And  you  ate- 

Al  t«asl 

But  leu 

thin 

1 

2 

1 

4  01 

Al  least 

But  lest 

than 

a"S; 

(aiel, 

smile  0, 
amartied 

tiKni 
lepa- 
laleiif 

A 
mained 
couple 

lOlnlf, 

Sinjlo  01 

amairied 

peiion 

liiini 

talel, 

A 

maided 
couple 

lO'nlTy 

4 

5 

G 

7 

8  01 

Tourt 

«i»- 

Youi  lai 

I- 

SO 

675 

$675 
700 

SO 
4 

SO 

0 

$0 
0 

$0 

0 

J2.  325 
2.350 

$2.  350 
2.375 

$301 
305 

$181 
185 

$181 
185 

$61 
65 

$61 
66 

$0 
0 

SO 
0 

SO 
0 

$0 
0 

$0 
0 

700 
725 
750 
775 

725 
750 
775 
800 

8 
13 
17 
22 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2,375 
2,400 
2,425 
2.450 

2,400 
2,425 
2.450 
2,475 

310 
314 
319 
323 

190 
194 
199 
203 

190 
194 
199 
203 

70 
74 
79 
83 

70 
74 
79 
83 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

800 
825 
850 
875 

825 
850 
875 
900 

26 
31 
35 
40 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2.475 
2.500 
2.525 
2.550 

2.500 
2.525 
2.550 
2.575 

328 
332 
337 
341 

208 
212 
217 
221 

208 
212 
217 
221 

88 
92 
97 
101 

88 
92 
97 
101 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

900 
925 
950 
975 

925 

950 

975 

1.000 

44 
49 
63 
58 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2.575 
2,600 
2,625 
2,650 

2.600 
2.  625 
2.650 
2,675 

346 
350 
355 
359 

226 
230 
235 
239 

226 
230 
235 
239 

106 
110 
115 
119 

106 
110 
115 
119 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1,000 
1,025 
1.050 
1.075 

1,025 
1,050 
1.075 
1,100 

62 
67 
71 
76 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2.675 
2,700 
2.725 
2,750 

2,700 
2,725 
2.750 
2,775 

364 
308 
373 
377 

244 
248 
253 
257 

244 
248 
253 
257 

124 
128 
133 
137 

124 
128 
133 
137 

4 

8 
13 
17 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

s 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1,100 
1.125 
1.150 
1,175 

1,125 
1,150 
1,175 
1,200 

80 
85 
89 
94 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2,775 
2.800 
2.825 
2.850 

2.800 
2,825 
2,850 
2,875 

382 
386 
391 
395 

262 
206 
271 
275 

262 
266 
271 
275 

142 
146 
151 
165 

142 
146 
151 
155 

22 
26 
31 
35 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1.200 
1.225 
1,250 
1,275 

1,225 
1.250 
1.275 
1,300 

98 
103 
107 
112 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2.875 
2,900 
2,925 
2,950 

2.900 
2,925 
2,950 
2,975 

400 
405 
410 
415 

280 
284 
289 
293 

280 
284 
289 
293 

160 
164 
169 
173 

160 
164 
169 
173 

40 
44 
49 
53 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1,300 
1,325 
1,350 
1,375 

1,325 
1,350 
1,375 
1,400 

116 
121 
125 
130 

0 

1 

5 
10 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2,975 
3,000 
3,050 
.1.100 

3.000 
3,050 
3.100 
3.  150 

420 
427 
437 
447 

298 
305 
314 
.323 

298 
30S 
314 
323 

178 
185 
194 
203 

178 
185 
194 
203 

58 
65 
74 
83 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1.400 
1.425 
I.  450 
1.475 

1,425 
1,450 
1,475 
1,500 

134 

139 
143 
148 

14 
19 
23 
28 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

3.  150 
3.200 
3.250 
3.300 

3.  ioo 

3.250 
3.300 
3.350 

457 
467 
476 
486 

332 
341 
350 
359 

332 
341 
350 
359 

212 
221 
230 
239 

212 
221 
230 
239 

92 
101 
110 
119 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1.500 
1.525 
1,550 
1.575 

1,525 
1.550 
1,575 
1,600 

152 
157 
161 
166 

32 
37 
41 
46 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

3,350 
3,400 
3,450 
3,500 

3.400 
3.450 
3.  500 
3.550 

496 
506 
516 
526 

368 
377 
386 
395 

368 
377 
386 
395 

248 
257 
206 
275 

248 
257 
266 
275 

128 
137 
146 
155 

8 
17 
26 
35 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1,600 
1,625 
1,650 
1,675 

1.625 
1,650 
1,675 
1.700 

170 
175 
179 
184 

50 
55 
59 
64 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

3,550 
3,600 
3,650 
3,700 

3,600 
3.650 
3.700 
3.750 

536 
546 
556 
566 

404 
414 
424 
434 

404 
413 
422 
431 

284 
293 
302 
311 

284 
293 
302 
311 

164 
173 
182 
191 

44 
53 
62 
71 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1,700 
1,725 
1,750 
1.775 

1.725 
1.750 
1,775 
1,800 

188 
193 
197 
202 

68 
73 
77 
82 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

3,750 
3,800 
3.850 
3,900 

3.800 
3,850 
3,900 
3,950 

575 
585 
595 
605 

443 
453 
463 
473 

440 
449 
458 
467 

320 
329 
338 
347 

320 
329 
338 
347 

200 
209 
218 
227 

80 
89 
98 
107 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1.800 
1.825 
1.850 
1,875 

1.825 
1.850 
1,875 
1,900 

206 
211 
215 
220 

86 
91 
95 
100 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

3,950 
4.000 
4.050 
4,100 

4.000 
4.050 
4.  100 
4,150 

615 
625 
635 
645 

483 
493 
503 
513 

476 
485 
494 
503 

356 
365 
374 
383 

356 
365 
374 
383 

236 
245 
254 
263 

116 
125 
134 
113 

0 
5 
14 
23 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1.900 
1,925 
1.950 
1,975 

1,925 
1,950 
1.975 
2,000 

224 
229 
233 
238 

104 
109 
113 
118 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

4,150 

4,200 
4,250 
4,300 

4,200 
4,250 
4,300 
4.350 

655 
665 
674 
684 

523 
533 
542 
552 

512 
521 
530 
539 

392 
401 
410 
420 

392 
401 
410 
419 

272 
281 
290 
299 

152 
161 
170 
179 

32 
41 
60 
59 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2,000 
2,025 
2,050 
2,075 

2,025 
2.050 
2,075 
2,100 

242 
247 
251 
256 

122 
127 
131 
136 

2 
7 

11 

16 

0 
0 
0 
0 

4.350 
4,400 
4.450 
4,500 

4.400 
4,450 
4,500 
4,550 

694 
704 
714 

724 

562 
572 
582 
592 

518 
557 
566 
675 

430 
440 
450 
460 

428 
437 
446 
456 

303 
317 
326 
335 

188 
197 
200 
216 

68 
77 
86 
95 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2,100 
2,  125 
2.  150 
2.175 

2.125 
2,  150 
2.175 
2,200 

260 
265 
2G9 
274 

140 
145 
149 
154 

20 
25 
29 
34 

0 
0 
0 
0 

4,550 
4,600 
4,650 
4.700 

4,600 
4,650 
4,700 
4,750 

734 
714 
754 
704 

602 
612 
622 
632 

584 
593 
602 
611 

470 
480 
490 
500 

464 
473 
482 
491 

344 
353 
362 
371 

221 
233 
242 
251 

104 
113 
122 
131 

0 
0 
2 

n 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2,200 
2,225 
2.250 
2.275 

2.225 
2.250 
2.275 
2.300 

278 
283 
287 
292 

158 
163 
107 
172 

38 
43 
47 
52 

0 
0 
0 
0 

4.750 
4,800 
4.850 
4,900 

4.800 
4,650 
4.900 
4.950 

773 
783 
793 
803 

641 
651 
661 
671 

620 
629 
638 
647 

509 
519 
629 
539 

600 
509 
518 
527 

380 
389 
398 
107 

260 
269 
278 
287 

140 
119 
158 
167 

20 
29 
38 
47 

0 
0 
0 
0 

2,300 

2.325 

296 

176 

56 

0 

4,950 

5.000 

813 

681 

656 

549 

536 

416 

296 

176 

56 

0 

FACSIMILES  OF  TAX  RETURNS  FOR  1954 


127 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  FRONT  OF  FORM  1040A 

Item  7. — Enter  your  social  security  number  and  your  wife's  (hus- 
band's) social  security  number,  if  any,  even  though  she  (he)  files 
a  separate  return. 

Items  8  ond  9. — Enter  the  total  amount  of  your  wages  subject  to 
income  tax  and  the  total  amount  of  income  tax  withheld  as  shown  on 
your  Withholding  Statements,  Forms  W-2. 

Item  10, — Enter  all  other  taxable  income  from  wages,  dividends,  or 
Interest.  Exclude  dividends  received  from  corporations  in  the 
United  States  up  to  $50.  This  exclusion  does  not  apply  to  dividends 
received  tom  mutual  savings  banks  or  building  and  loan  asso- 
ciations. If  joint  return  and  both  husband  and  wife  had  dividend 
income,  each  is  entitled  to  a  $50  exclusion  provided  it  is  apphed 
against  his  individual  dividend  income.  If  the  sum  of  items  10  (a) 
and  10  (b)  exceeds  $100,  you  must  file  a  Form  1040. 
Item  11. — If  more  than  $72  of  F.I.C.A.  (Social  Security)  employes 
tax  was  withheld  during  1954  because  you  worked  for  more  than 
one  employer,  enter  the  excess,  and  it  vrill  be  credited  against  your 
income  tax.  Figure  separately  for  husband  and  vriie. 
Item  12. — See  "Sick  Pay  Exclusion"  in  general  instructions.  If 
you  received  such  payments  and  your  employer  has  not  excluded 
them  from  the  amount  of  wages  shown  on  your  withholding  state- 
ment (Form  W-2),  enter  your  exclusion  here.  Enclose  a  state- 
ment showing  your  computation  and  your  name  and  address. 

Items  8(b)  to  12(b). — Complete  these  items  only  if  this  is  a  joint 
return.  The  signatures  of  both  taxpayer  and  his  wife  (or  husband) 
ore  required  on  joint  returns. 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  BACK  OF  FORM  1040A 

Items  13(a)  to  (f). — Fill  out  these  items  to  receive  credit  for  your 
exemptions  and  those  of  your  wife  (or  husband).  Marital  status, 
age,  and  blindness  must  be  determined  as  of  December  31,  1954, 
except  that  if  the  wife  or  husband  of  the  taxpayer  died  during  the 
year,  the  determination  is  made  as  of  the  date  of  death. 

Item  14. — Fill  in  this  schedule  to  receive  credit  for  your  children, 
stepchildren,  and  other  dependents.  Each  dependent  must  meet 
all  of  the  following  tests: 

a.  Received  more  than  one-half  of  his  or  her  support  from  you  (or 
from  wife  or  husband  if  this  is  a  joint  return). 

b.  Received  less  than  $600  gross  income.  (This  test  does  not 
apply  to  your  children  or  stepchildren  who  are  under  19  or  who  are 
students.) 

c.  Did  not  file  a  joint  return  vrith  her  husband  (or  his  wife). 

d.  Was  either  a  citizen,  or  resident  of  the  United  States  or  a  resi- 
dent of  Canada,  Mexico,  the  Republic  of  Panama  or  the  Canal  Zone. 

e.  Either  (1)  had  as  his  principal  place  of  abode  your  home  and 
was  a  member  of  your  household;  OR  (2)  was  related  to  you  (or  to 
husband  or  wife  if  this  is  a  joint  return)  in  one  of  the  following  ways: 


Child 

Stepchild 

Mother 

Father 

Grandparent 

Brother 


Sister 

Grandchild 

Stepbrother 

Stepsister 

Stepmother 

Stepfather 


Mother-in-law 

Father-in-law 

Brother-in-law 

Sister-in-law 

Son-in-law 

Daughter-in-law 


The  following  if 
related  by  blood: 

Uncle 

Aunt 

Nephew 

Niece 


FRONT 


YOUR  COPY 


Read  instructions  carefully. 
Complete  both  sides  of  form. 
Please  print. 


U.  S.  INDIVIDUAL  INCOME  TAX  RETURN 

If  you  use  this  form,  the  Infernal  Revenue  Service  will  compute  your  tax. 


1954 


l-u 
zo 

I- LI 

Km 

< 

QZ 

<j 
u< 

fz 

HE 

■  y 


< 

o 
o 


1.  Name 


2. 

Wife- 

(Husband's)  Name 

3. 

Home 

Address  (Number 

and  Street  < 

>r  Rurol  Route) 

(City,  Town,  or  Post  Office) 

(Zone) 

(State) 

4. 

(C/iec 

k)      n  Sinsle 

D  Married 

5. 

Is  this 

a  joint  return? 

DYes 

DNo 

6.  Is  wife  (husband)  filing  separately?     D  Yes         D  No 


7.  Social  Se- 
curity  No.'^ 


8.  Wases 


9.  Tax 
Withheld  ■*" 


10.  Other 

Income     ^ 


11.  Special     ^ 
Credit       •*■ 


12.  Excldsion->- 


Taxpayer's I  Your  Wife's  (Husband's) 


(a) 


(b) 


(a) 


(a) 


(a) 


(a) 


C 

•^ 

B 

o 


(b) 

(bT 

(bT 

(bT 

(bF 


•   List  your  exemptions  on  other  side. 


.5  CM 

12 
-SO 


I  declare  under  the  penalties  of  perjury  that  this  is  a  true,  correct,  and  complete  return 
to  the  best  of  my  knowledge  and  belief. 


Taxpayer's  Signature  and  Date 


If  joint  return.  Wife's  (Husband's)  Signature 
and  Date 


(FOR  USE  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE  SERVICE) 


BACK 


YOUR  COPY 


13.  EXEMPTIONS  FOR  YOURSELF  AND  WIFE  (OR  HUSBAND) 


EXEMP- 
TIONS 


(a)  For  your  own  exemption,  write  the  FIGURE  1 

(b)  If  you  were  65  or  over  at  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1 

(e)  If  taxpayer  was  blind  at  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1 

(d)  If  your  wife  (or  husband)  had  no  income  in  1954,  or  if  this  is  a  joint  return,  write  the  FIGURE  1  for  her  (or  his)  exemption- 

(e)  If  she  (or  he)  is  claimed  as  an  exemption  in  (d)  above  and  was  65  or  over  at  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1 

(f)  If  she  (or  he)  is  claimed  as  an  exemption  in  (d)  above  and  wos  blind  at  the  end  of  1954,  write  the  FIGURE  1  — 


14.  EXEMPTIONS  FOR  YOUR  CHILDREN  AND  OTHER  DEPENDENTS  (List  below) 


Name  (also  give  address  if  different  from  yours) 

*  Enter  Figure  1  in  the  last  column  to  right  for  each  name 
listed. 


Relationship 


Answer  ONLY  for  dependents  other  thon  children 


Did  dependent 

have  gross 

income  of  $600 

or  more? 


Amount  YOU  spent  for 
dependent's  support. 
If  100%,  write  "All" 


Amount  spent  by  OTHERS 
Including  dependent 


1^ 


15.  Enter  total  number  of  exemptions  listed  in  items  13  and  14  obove.' 


INDEX 


*  Page 

Accounting  period 10,  90-91 

Adjusted  gross  deficit 5,  28,  33-35,  38,  75,  79,  81 

Adjusted  gross  income: 

Amount 5-6,  11,  2<V-28,  33-35,  38,  42,  46, 

48,  58-64,  71-86 

By  marital  status 5,  8,  9-11,  23,  27,  59-68 

By  States  and  Territories 24,  71-74,  76 

Classes 12-19,  21-23,  33,  35-54,  58-70, 

72-75,  80,  82-83 

Composition 8 

Definition  of 6,  9,  28 

For  returns  with  alternative  tax 5,  24,  26,  29, 

56-58,  70 

For  returns  with  itemized  deductions 5-6,  8, 

10-11,  23,  25-28,  33-34, 

48,  54-55,  63,  79,  84 

For  returns  with  self-employment  tax..  5-6,  9,  23-24 

Groups 7-8,  10 

Percentage  distribution 7-8,  33 

Sources 23-26,  33-47,  79,  81-83 

Aggregated  and  simple  distributions  of  number  of 
returns,  adjusted  gross  income,  and  tax  lia- 
bility       33 

Aliens 9 ,  28 

Alimony  and  separate  maintenance  payments 9,  26 

Alternative  tax 5,  24-26,  29,  56-58,  70 

Amended  returns 10 

Annuities  and  pensions 6,  8-9,  17,  19,  26,  34-35, 

37,  41,  45,  53,  79,  81 
Average  tax 58,  80 


Capital  gains  and  losses — Continued  Page 

Net  short-term  capital  gain  or  loss...  5,  25-26,  28, 

69-70 

Returns  with  alternative  tax 5,  24-26,  29, 

56-58,  70 
Returns  with  net  gain  from  sales  of  capital 

assets 6,  8,  25-26,  28,  34-35,  37,  41, 

45,  52,  69-71 
Returns  with  net  loss  from  sales  of  capital 

assets 6,  8,  25-26,  28,  34-35,  37,  41, 

45,  52,  69-71 

Returns  with  normal  tax  and  surtax 24,  28-29, 

56-58,  90 

Short-term,  definition  of 26 

Synopsis  of  Federal  tax  laws  affecting 91 

Casualty  losses 7,  27,  29,  34-35,  48,  84 

Characteristics  of  the  year 5 

Charts 7-8 

Child  care 7,  9,  27,  34-35,  48,  84 

Citizens  and  resident  aliens 9,  28 

Classifications  of  individual  returns 23-24 

Community  property  income 10,  24 

Comparative  data,  1953  and  1954.   (See  also 

Historical  data . ) 5 

Computation  of  tax 6,  10,  15,17,  23-24,  28-29,  89-91 

Contributions,  charitable: 

Amount  deducted 6,  9,  15,  26,  34-35,  48,  55,  84 

Exceeding  20^  limitation 6,  15,  27 

Under  10^  limitation 15,  27 

Under  20^  limitation 9,  15,  27 

Credit  on  1955  estimated  tax 30,  39,  43,  47 


B 

Business  or  profession: 

Deductible  expenses 25-28 

Income 6,  8-9,  27 

Net  profit  or  net  loss 25,  34-36,  40,  44,  51, 

71,  79,  81,  83 


Capital  assets: 

Long-term 26,  69 

Net  gain  and/or  net  loss  from  sales....  6,  8,  25-26, 
28,  34-35,  37,  41,  45,  52,  69-71 

Short-term 26,  69 

Capital  gains  and  losses: 

Capital  loss  carryover 25-26,  69-70 

Description 25-26 

Excess  of  net  long-term  capital  gain  over 

net  short-term  capital  loss 5,  25-26, 

28-29,  70 

Fiduciary  income  inclusion  of 25-26 

Long-term,  definition  of 26 

Net  gain  or  loss  from  sales  of  capital 

assets 6,  8,  25-26,  28,  34-35,  37,  41, 

45,  52,  69-71 

Net  long-term  capital  gain  or  loss 5,  25-26,  28, 

69-70 


Declaration  of  estimated  tax 5,  30 

Deductions : 

Child  care 7,  9,  27,  34-35,  48,  84 

Contributions 6,  9,  15,  26-27,  34-35,  48,  55,  84 

Expenses  as  outside  salesman 9-10,  25,  28 

Gifts 6,  9,  15 

Interest  paid 6,  26-27,  34,  48,  55,  84 

Itemized 5-6,  8,  10-11,  23,  25-27,  33-34, 

48,  55,  63,  79,  84 
Losses  from  fire,  storm,  other  casualty, 

theft 7,  27,  29,  34-35,  48 

Medical  and  dental  expenses  (including  drug 

costs) 6-7,  9,  16-17,  27,  34-35,  48,  55,  84 

Net  operating  loss 6,  8,  25-26,  29,  34-35,  37, 

41,  45,  79,  81 

Nonbusiness 5,  8,  10,  26-27,  34-35,  55 

Other 9,  27,  34,  48,  84 

Sick-pay  exclusions 6,  9-10,  12,  24-25 

Standard 6,  10-11,  23,  28,  34,  61,  79 

Taxes 6,  27 

Total 11,  34,  48,  79,  84 

Transportation  expenses  not  reimbursed 9,  10, 

25,  28 

Deficit,  adjusted  gross 5,  28,  33-35,  38,  75,  79,  81 

Dependents : 

Defined 8-9,  24,  27-28,  89 

Students 9,  28 

Test  for  determining 9,  28 


129 


130 


INDEX 


Page 
Description  of  sample  and  limitations  of  data...  21-23 
Dividends  received: 

After  exclusions 10,  1^,  25-26,  35-36,  AO,   44, 

50,  71 

Credit  for 5-6,  8-10,  12-15,  29,  38,  42, 

46,  49,  56-57 

Eligible  for  exclusion 13-14,  25-26 

Foreign  and  domestic 25,  29 

Total 5-6,  8,  10,  13-15,  38,  42,  46, 

49,  56-57,  79,  81 


Effective  tax  rates.   (See  also   Tax  rates.) 58 

Employee '  s  death  benefits 9 

Estates  and  trusts,  income  and/or  loss  from 6,  8, 

25-26,  34-35,  38,  42,  46,  54,  79-81 

Estimated  tax 5,  30 

Exemptions : 

Age  and/or  blindness 8,  11-12,  17-19,  27-28,  65, 

67,  87 

Amount  of 9-12,  26-28,  36-44,  46-47,  49, 

59-64,  89 

Marital  status 5,  10-12,  23,  27-28,  89 

Number 11-12,  27-29,  65-68,  89 

Other  than  age  and/or  blindness 24-25,  27-28, 

65-68,  89 

Per  capita 5,  12,  24,  27-28,  89 

Personal 8-12,  27-28,  89 

Expenses  as  outside  salesman 9-10,  25,  28 

Explanation  of  classifications  and  terms 23-27 


Facsimiles  of  income  tax  returns 94-127 

Federal  tax  laws ,  synopsis  of 87-91 

Filing  requirements 89,  91 

Fiscal  year  returns 10,  29 

Foreign  tax  credit 5,  8,  13,  29,  43,  47,  49 

Forms  (1040  and  1040A) . . .  1,  10-14,  21-26,  28-30,  95-127 


Pagg 

Income.   (See  Adjusted  gross.  Gross,  Other, 
Sources  of.  Taxable.) 

Income  earned  over  period  of  years 8-9,  17 

Income  from  estates  and  trusts  (fiduciaries)....   6,  8, 

13,  25-26,  34-35,  38, 
42,  46,  54,  79,  81 

Income  tax  before  credits 29,  42,  46,  49 

Income  tax  laws.   (See  also   Internal  Revenue 

Code  of  1954.) 87-92 

Income  tax  liability 5,  7,  9-10,  29,  33,  39,  43,  47, 

49,  56-64,  71-74,  79-80,  86 

Income  tax  liability  after  credits 29,  33,  39,  43, 

47,  49,  56-64,  71-74,  79-80,  86 
Income  taxes  paid  to  foreign  countries  and 

United  States  possessions....  5,  8,  12,  29,  43,  47,  49 
Individual  income  tax  provisions  for  1954: 

Gross  income,  65  and  older 8,  17-18,  28 

Income  tax  rates 5,  8,  10-11,  28-29,  56-58, 

90-91 

Period  of  time  covered 

Insurance  as  reimbursement  of  medical  expenses. 


(See 


90-91 
17 
26-27 


29 


Interest  from  tax-free  covenant  bonds 

al  so   Tax  paid  at  source . ) 

Interest  paid 6,  26-27,  34,  48,  55,  84 

Interest  received 6,  25-26,  29,  34-36,  40,  44, 

50,  71,  79,  81 

Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1954 Ill,    8-10,   12,   15-16, 

24,   26,   28,    89-91 

Introduction 1 

Itemized  deductions: 

Explanation  of 23,  26-27 

Nonbusiness 5,  8,  10,  26-27,  48,  55 

Returns  with 6,  10-11,  33-34,  48,  54,  63 


Joint  returns  of  husbands  and  wives 6,  10-13,  15, 

23,  27-28,  36-43,  56,  59, 
61,  63,  65-66,  89-90 


Gambling  losses  and  profits 26 

Gifts 6,  9,  15 

Gross  income:   (See  also  Adjusted  gross  income.) 

Exclusions  from 6,  8-9 

Requirements  for  filing 28,  89 


H 

Heads  of  household 5, 


9-12,  23-24,  27-28,  57,  60, 
62-64,  67,  89-90 
Historical  data,  1913-1944.   (See  "Statistics  of 

Income  for  1950,  Part  1.") 
Historical  data,  1945-1954: 

Adjusted  gross  deficit 79,  81 

Adjusted  gross  income 79-86 

Adjusted  gross  income  classes 79-80,  82-83 

Average  income  tax  per  taxable  return 80 

Deductions 79 ,  84 

Effective  income  tax  rate 90 

Laws,  synopsis  of  Federal  tax 89-91 

Losses 79,  81 

Nontaxable  returns 79 

Number  of  returns 79-80 ,  85 

Sources  of  income 79,  81-83 

States  and  Territories 85-86 

Tax  liability  (income  and  self-employment 

tax) 79-80 

Tax  rates  (1944-1954) 90-91 

Taxable  returns 79 

Husbands,  returns  of.   (See  also   Married  persons 

and  Marital  status.)..  9-12,  27,  59,  61,  63,  65-66,  89 


Laws ,  synopsis  of  Federal  tax 87-92 

Life  insurance 9 

Long-form  returns.   (See  Forms.) 

Long-term  capital  assets 26,  69 

Long-term  capital  gain  or  loss,  net 5,  25-26, 

28-29,  70 
Losses,  casualty 7,  27,  29,  34-35,  48,  84 


M 

Major  characteristics  of  1954 

Marital  status 5,  8-11,  23,  27,  59 

Married  persons : 

Deductions 

Returns  of 9-12,  17,  23-24,  27,  56, 

63,  65,  67-68 
Tabulation  of  returns  for 

Maximum  rate  limitation 

Medical  and  dental  expenses: 

Cost  of  medicine  and  drugs 9,  16' 

Deductions  for 6-7,  9,  16-17,  27 

Insurance  compensation  for 17 

Total 6-7,  9,  16-17,  27,  35,  48, 

Methods  of  taxpayment 


N 

Net  capital  gain  or  loss.   (See  Capital  gains 

and  losses . ) 
Net  deficit.   (See  Adjusted  gross  deficit.) 


■68,  89 


9 

-12 

59, 

61. 

,    89 

-90 

11 

28, 

90 

-17, 

27 

.    34 

-35 

.   26 

-27 

55. 

84 

5-6 

INDEX 

Page 


131 


Net  gain  and/or  loss  from  sales  of  capital 

assets 6,  8,  25-26,  28,  3^-35,  37,  41,  ^5, 

52,  69-71,  79,  81 
Net  gain  and/or  loss  from  sales  of  property 

other   than  capital  assets 26,  79,  81 

Net  income.   (See  Taxable  income.) 

Net  operating  loss  deduction 6-8,  25-26,  29,  3'i-35, 

37,  Ul,   45,  79,  81 

Net  profit  or  loss  from  business  or  profession..     25, 

34-36,  40,  44,  51,  71,  79,  81,  83 

Net  profit  or  loss  from  partnerships 6,  25,  34-36, 

40,  44,  51,  71,  79,  81,  83 

Net  profit  or  loss  from  rents  and  royalties 6,  8, 

26,  34-35,  37,  41,  45, 

53,  71,  79,  81,  83 

No  adjusted  gross  income  (deficit),  returns  with  5,  23, 

33,    36-55,    59-69,   75,   77,   81-84 

Nonbusiness  deductions 5,   8,   10,   26-27,   34-35,    55 

Nontaxable  and  taxable  returns  combined 5,   11-15, 

18-19,    33-57,    59-69,   71-74,   79 

Nontaxable  returns 5,   10-12,   23,   33-57,    59-69, 

71-74,   79 

Normal  tax 8,   90 

Normal  tax  and  surtax 8,   24,   28-29,    56-58,   90 

Normal  tax  net  income.      (See  Taxable  income.) 

Number  of  exemptions 11-12,   27-29,   65-68,    89 

Number  of  exemptions   classes 24,   65-68,   89 

Number  of   returns.      (See  the  specific   classifi- 
cations of  interest.) 
Number  of  returns  filed 5-7,   11,   21,    33-36 


Operating  loss  deduction,   net 6-8,  25-26,   29,   34-35, 

37,   41,   45,   79,   81 

Optional  return.   Form  1040A 1,   10-11,   21-26,   28, 

125-127 
Optional  standard  deduction.      (See  also  Standard 

deduction.) 10'   23-24,   28 

Optional  tax 5,   10,   24,  28-29 

Other  deductions 9,   27,.  34,   48,   84 

Other  sources  of  income 8,   14,   26,   34-35,   38, 

42,   46,   79,   81 
Other  "Statistics  of  Income"   Publications  for 


1954. 


IV 


Overpayment   (refund,   or  credit  on  1954  estimated 

tax) 5-6,   30,   39,   43,   47 


Partially  tax-exempt  interest  credit...    5,   8,   25-26,   29, 

39,  43,  47,  49 

Part  year  returns 10,  29 

Partnerships: 

Deductible  expenses 25 

Dividends  received ^>   25 

Net  profit  or  net  loss 6,  25,  34-36,  40,  44, 

51,  79,  81,  83 

Payments  on  1954  declaration  of  tax 30,  39,  43,  79 

Pensions.   (See  Aimuities  and  pensions.) 
Percentage  distribution  of  number  of  returns, 

adjusted  gross  income,  and  tax  liability 33 

Percentage  increase  or  decrease  in  number  of 
returns,  income,  deficit,  and  taxes:   1954  and 

1953 5 

Personal  exemptions 9-11 

Prior  years,   compensation  for 25-26,   69-70 

Prizes  and  awards 8-9 ,   26 

Property  other  than  capital  assets,   sales  of..    6,   8,   28, 

34-35,  37,  41,  45,  52,  79,  81 


R  Page 

Receipts,  total,  from  business  or  profession 6,  25, 

34-36,  71,  81,  83 
Receipts,  total,  from  partnership...  6,  34-36,  71,  81,  83 

Recovery  of  bad  debts 26 

Refunds 5-6,  28,  30,  39,  43,  47 

Rents  and  royalties: 

Deductions  for 28-29 

Definition  of 26 

Interest  relating  to 27 

Net  profit  or  net  loss  from....  6,  8,  26,  34-35,  37, 

41,  45,  53,  71,  79,  81,  83 

Requirements  for  filing 89 ,  91 

Resident  aliens '^ >   28 

Retirement  income  and  credit 5,  7-8,  10,  17-19,  29, 

38,  42,  46,  49,  56 

Returns  from  which  data  were  tabulated 1,  9-10 

Retiirns ,  method  of  taxpayment  used 5^6 

Revenue  Acts  amending  Code 89-91 

Rewards.   (See  Prizes  and  awards.) 

Royalties,  rents  and 6,  8,  26-29,  34-35,  37,  41, 

45,  53,  71,  79,  81,  83 


Salaries  and  wages 6,  8,  10,  12,  24-25,  29-30, 

34-36,  40,  44,  50,  71,  79 
Sales  of  capital  assets,  net  gain  or  net  loss...   6,  8, 

25-26,  28,  34-35,  37,  41,  45, 
52,  69-71,  79,  81 
Sales  of  property  other   than  capital  assets,  net 

sain  or  net  loss 6,  8,  28,  34-35,  37,  41,  45, 

^  52,  79,  81 

Sample,  description  of ^^'^^ 

Scholarship  and  fellowship  grants 9 

Self-employment  tax 5-6,  9,  23-24,  29,  75-76, 

Separate  returns  of  husbands  and  wives 9-12,  16, 

23-24,  27,  56,  59,  61,  63, 
66,  89-90 
Short-form  returns.   (See  Forms.) 

Short-term  capital  assets 26,  69 

Short-term  capital  gain  or  loss,  net 5-6,  24-26, 

28-29,  69-70 

Sick  pay  exclusions 6,  9-10,  12,  24-25 

Simple  and  aggregated  distributions  of  number 
of  retiorns,  adjusted  gross  income,  and  tax 

33 

9,  11-12,  27,  56,  60,  62, 
64,  68,  89-90 

Size  of  deduction 23,  55 

Size  of  source 23,  50-54 

Sole  proprietors.   (See  also     Business  or  pro- 

f  ession. ) •_ ^'  ^-^ 

Sources  of  income  or  loss  comprising  adjusted 

gross  income 23-24,  34-47,  79,  81-83 

Split-income  rate 5 ,  9 ,  11 ,  28 

Standard  deduction 6,  10-11,  23,  28,  34,  61,  75 

6 

6 


liability. 
Single  persons,  returns  of. 


State  and  local  taxes 

State  and  municipal  bonds 

States  and  Territories 24,  71-74,  76,  85-86 

Summary,  general.   (See  Major  characteristics.) 

Surtax: 

Amount  of -^L 

Defined 29 

Percent  limitation  of  taxable  income 90 

Rates 8,  24,  28-29,  58 

Returns  with • 56-58 

Surtax  net  income.   (See  Taxable  income.) 

Surviving  spouse 9-12,  23-24,  27-28,  56,  60, 

62,  64,  67-68,  89-90 

Sweepstake  winnings ^° 

Synopsis  of  tax  laws  for  Individual  income 87-92 


132 


INDEX 


T  Page 

Tabulated  data.      (See  also  Basic  tables.   Indi- 
vidual Retiirns,   1954,   pp.    33-76.) 5,   11-15, 

17-2^,  28 

Tax.   (See  Alternative,  Average,  Computation  of , 
Effective  rate.  Estimated,  Foreign,  Federal 
tax  laws.  Normal,  Optional,  Method  of  payment. 
Self-employment,  State  and  local.  Surtax.) 

Tax  base.   (See  Taxable  income.) 

Tax  computation 6,  10,  15-16,  23-2-4,  28-30, 

89-91 

Tax  credits: 

Dividends  received 5-6,  8-10,  12-15,  29,  38, 

A2,  Ae,  A9,   56-57 

Foreign  tax 5,  8,  29,  39,  '43,  /V?,  A9 

Partially  tax-exempt  interest 5,  8,  25-26,  29, 

39,  A3,   47,  A9 

Retirement  income 5,  7-8,  10,  17-19,  29,  38, 

A2,   46,  49,  56 

Tax  paid  at  source 5,  29,  39,  43,  47,  49 

Tax  due  at  time  of  filing 30,  39,  43,  47 

Tax-free  covenant  bonds,  interest  on.   (See  also 

Tax  paid  at  source, ) 29 

Tax  items 28-30 

Tax  liability: 

Amount 5,  33,  39,  43,  47,  49,  56-64, 

71-74,  79-80,  86 

Income  tax 5,  7,  9-10,  29,  33,  39,  43, 

47,  49,  56-64,  71-74,  79-80,  86 

Returns 5,  9,  56-57 

Self -employment  tax 5,  23,  79 

Tax  limitation 28-29,  90 

Tax  overpayment.   (See  ai so  Refunds. ) 5-6 

Taxpayments 5-6,  29-30,  39,  43,  47 

Tax  paid  at  source  credit 5,  29,  39,  43,  47,  49 

Tax  rates '5,  8,  10-11,  28-29,  56-58,  90-91 

Tax  rates,  effective 58 


Page 

Tax  refund 5-6,  28,  30,  39,  43,  47 

Tax  withheld 5,  29-30,  39,  43,  47 

Taxable  income: 

Amount  of 5,  11,  33,  38,  42,  46,  49, 

56-64,  77 

Classes 23,  26,  56-57 

Computation  of 8,  10,  15,  25-28 

Definition  of 8,  28 

Returns  with  itemized  deductions 6,  10,  26-27, 

33-34,  48,  54,  63 
Taxable  and  nontaxable  retxirns: 

Classification  of 5 

Combined 5,  11-15,  17-19,  33-57,  59-69, 

71-74,  79 

Taxable  returns 5,  10-19,  23,  33-74,  79-80 

Taxes  paid 6,  26-27 

Tax  paid  to  a  foreign  country  or  possession  of 

the  United  States 5,  8,  13,  29,  43,  47,  49 

Tentative  returns 10 

Total  deductions 11,  34,  48,  79,  84 

Travel  expenses  not  reimbursed 9-10,  25,  28 

Trusts,  income  and/or  loss  from  estates  and...  6,  8,  25, 

34-35,  38,  42,  46,  54,  79,  81 
Types  of  tax.   (See  also   Normal  tax.  Surtax, 
Alternative  tax.  Optional  tax,  and  Self- 
employment  tax. ) 24 


Wage  continuation  plan 9 

Wages,  salaries  and 6,  8,  10,  12,  24-25,  29, 

3^36,  40,  44,  50,  71,  79 
Wives,  returns  of.   (See  also   Married  persons 

and  Marital  status.) 9-12,  27,  59,  61,  63, 

65-66,  89 
Withheld  tax 5,  29-30,  39,  43,  47 


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