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STUDIES OF
CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII
BY
PAUL C. STANDLEY
CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
AND
JULIAN A. STEYERMARK
ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
4?
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 23, NUMBER 5
OCTOBER 22, 1947
PUBLICATION 609
STUDIES OF
CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII
BY
PAUL C. STANDLEY
CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OP BOTANY
AND
JULIAN A. STEYERMARK
ASSISTANT CURATOR OP THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
BOTANICAL SERIES
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
VOLUME 23, NUMBER 5
OCTOBER 22, 1947
PUBLICATION 609
THE LIBRARY OF THE
NOV 141947
UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
BY FIELD MUSEUM PRESS
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII
PAUL C. STANDLEY AND JULIAN A. STEYERMARK
The present paper consists almost wholly of descriptions of new
species of Guatemalan plants. The descriptions and illustrations of
four of the new Acanthaceae have been supplied by Mr. Emery C.
Leonard of the United States National Museum. The paper includes
also the diagnosis of a proposed new genus of Rubiaceae from the
mountains of Costa Rica.
CYPERACEAE
Carex huehueteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Planta dense
caespitosa, rhizomatibus brevibus crassis, culmis gracilibus erectis
60 cm. altis et ultra, obtuse trigonis, infra nodos purpureo-brunneis,
laevibus; foliorum vaginae latae laxae intense purpureo-brunneae;
folia numerosa tenuia in sicco pallide viridia, laminis 12-27 cm.
longis ca. 8 mm. latis, anguste attenuatis, conspicue costatis, inter
nervos inconspicue septatis, planis, marginibus laevibus; spicae
paucae vel plures longissime angusteque pedunculatae, ut videtur
pendulae, terminalis mascula, laterales femineae vel pro parte
androgynae, lineares, plerumque 3-4.5 cm. longae, laxe et subremote
floriferae, bracteis filiformibus erectis brevibus basi longe vaginatis,
vaginis usque ad 1 cm. longis purpureo-brunneis; glumae pallide
brunnescentes vel brunneo-virides oblongo-ovales ca. 2.5 mm.
longae, apice abrupte contractae et arista usque ad 5 mm. longa sed
vulgo breviore terminatae; perigynia fusiformi-lanceolata virides-
centia in sectione compresso-triangularia, manifeste nervata glabra,
3.5 mm. longa 1 mm. lata, in rostrum sensim attenuata; stigmata
3. Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Along stream at Canana,
Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. about 2,500 meters, July 18, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 49055 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
The type specimen is in poor condition for study, being in
advanced fruit, but the plant is clearly different from any other
species known from Central America or Mexico. Its relationship
is with C. perlonga Fernald, of southern Mexico and Guatemala.
It is noteworthy for its wide leaves, the foliage in general resembling
that of Luzula gigantea.
195
196 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
Carex Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. Ut videtur caespitosa,
culmis erectis crassiusculis ca. 50 cm. altis striatis laevibus; folia
magna lataque numerosa atque conferta, ut videtur erecta usque
ad 40 cm. longa, 16-24 mm. lata, plana, crassiuscula, in sicco pallide
viridia, supra sublucida, subtus pallidiora, manifeste costata, subu-
lato-acuminata, ad margines laevia, basi dilatata et vaginantia,
prope vaginas intense brunneo-rubra; spicae numerosae inflores-
centiam majusculam laxam efformantes, longe graciliter peduncu-
latae, pendulae, androgynae, elongato-lineares, usque ad 6 cm.
longae, laxiflorae, floribus infimis saepe remotis; glumae lanceolato-
oblongae acutae, inconspicue mucronatae vel muticae, pallide
sordide brunnescentes vel pallide viridi-brunneae; perigynia fusi-
formi-lanceolata, ca. 5 mm. longa, paullo ultra 1 mm. lata, pallide
sordido-brunnea, manifeste nervata, lucida, in rostrum brevem
crassum erectum sensim angustata, in sectione obtuse triangularia;
stigmata 3. Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Sierra de los
Cuchumatanes, Cerro Huitz, between Barillas and Mimanhuitz,
alt. 1,600-2,600 meters, July 14, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48542
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).
The type specimen consists of a single much-weathered plant,
in which it is difficult to determine the true characters of the spikes
and the general form of the inflorescence. The species, however, is
evidently a distinct one, outstanding because of its extremely broad
leaves, among the widest to be found in the genus. It is believed
that the relationship is with C. perlonga Fernald and C. huehueteca,
described above.
PALMAE
Chamaedorea aequalis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Caudex
erectus 3-4.5 m. altus 1.5-2 cm. crassus laevis, internodiis superiori-
bus 11-15 cm. longis; frondis vagina oblique aperta ca. 9 cm. longa
prominenter costata; petiolus ca. 19 cm. longus gracilis 3 mm.
crassus; lamina 37 cm. longa et 23 cm. lata vel ultra; pinnae in
utroque latere 17 vel ultra tenues concolores sublucidae regulariter
dispositae, apicales inferioribus non latiores basi connatae anguste
lanceolatae, non sigmoideae 13-24 cm. longae 1.5-3 cm. latae, longe
aequaliter attenuato-acuminatae, basin angustam versus sensim
angustatae, plerumque 3-nerviae, nervis secundariis numerosis pri-
mariis fere aequalibus; pedunculus inflorescentiae femineae gracilis
adscendens vel suberectus 21-30 cm. longus vix ultra 2 mm. crassus;
spathae 4-5 tubulosae imbricatae, intermediis ca. 12 cm. longis,
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 197
adpressae ca. 5 mm. diam. ; spadicis pars ramosa 10-13 cm. longa et
aequilata, ramis ca. 10 erecto-patentibus, infimis furcatis, superiori-
bus simplicibus 9-10.5 cm. longis rubris gracilibus, insertionibus vix
excavatis, fructibus in spira laxa insertis remotis; corolla sub fructu
explanata, petalis late ovatis ca. 2 mm. longis ecostatis subapiculatis,
calyce persistente explanato vix ultra 2 mm. lato, lobis 3 late rotunda-
tis; fructus globosus in sicco 6 mm. diam. basi et apice late rotun-
datus, semine fere aequilongo pallide griseo-brunneo. Guatemala:
Dept. Huehuetenango: In forest of Liquidambar on slopes bordering
a moist ravine, Cerro Negro, 2 miles west of Las Palmas, Sierra de
los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,600-2,000 meters, August 31, 1942, Julian
A. Steyermark 51666 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Solola:
Volcan de Atitlan, south-facing slopes, alt. 1,700-3,800 meters,
June, 1942, Steyermark 47411.
This plant bears some resemblance to C. Schippii Burret, which
is rather common in the Atlantic slopes and lowlands of Guatemala
and British Honduras, but that species has leaves of quite different
appearance, their pinnae having only a single secondary nerve
between the more prominent primary nerves. C. aequalis is a rather
small and slender plant. One specimen bears a section of the caudex
with two nodes, each of which produces a pistillate spadix. The
spadices apparently are borne well below the leaves.
Chamaedorea Aguilariana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Caudex gracilis viridis 1-3-metralis ca. 8 mm. crassus conspicue
annulatus, internodiis plerumque 1.5-2 cm. longis; vagina 9-10
cm. longa 1-1.5 cm. lata, apice obliqua; petiolus gracilis 12-17
cm. longus; lamina ambitu oblonga, vulgo 30-40 cm. longa, rhachi
gracillima; pinnae in quoque latere 4-5 regulariter dispositae alter-
nae, apicales confluentes 18-20 cm. longae vulgo 6-7 cm. latae
longe falcato-acuminatae, sequentes breviores et angustiores plerum-
que 11-19 cm. longae et 2.5-5 cm. latae, anguste falcato-acuminatae,
sigmoideae, tenues, subtus paullo pallidiores, ca. 5-nerviae, nervis
secundariis singulis primariis multo gracilioribus; spadices in axillis
foliorum nascentes, masculorum pedunculo 8-20 cm. longo gracili
patente vel recurvo, spathis 3-4 tubulosis tenuibus non arete adpres-
sis 6-7 mm. diam. apice acutis; spadicis rami vulgo 11-14 in tota
longitudine floriferi penduli ca. 12 cm. longi, floribus breviter immer-
sis dense insertis 2.5 mm. altis pallide viridibus, calyce minuto
brevissime 3-lobo, lobis latissime rotundatis; petala in sicco fusca
leviter striata, apice subcoherentia vel libera, ovali-ovata; antherae
oblongae; spadicis feminei pedunculus 22-44 cm. longus gracilis
198 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
suberectus, partis ramosae rhachi vix ad 6.5 cm. longa, ramis 5-9
gracilibus subflexuosis 10-17 cm. longis, floribus remote spiraliter
insertis, fere ut in spadice masculo, petalis insigniter striato-costu-
latis, ramis pallide aurantiacis; fructus globosus, immaturus ca.
6 mm. diam., basi et apice rotundatus. Guatemala: Dept. Quezal-
tenango: Damp wooded quebrada, along old road between Finca
Pirineos and Patzulin, alt. 1,200-1,400 meters, February 9, 1941,
Paul C. Standley 86890 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); along Rio
Samala, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", 1,200
meters, Steyermark 33849; between Finca Pirineos and Finca Soledad,
lower southern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, 1,300 meters,
Steyermark 33505. Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, above
Finca El Porvenir, 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark 37179; Rio
Mopa, below Rodeo, 600 meters, Standley 68759. Dept. Suchite-
pe"quez: Southwestern slopes of Volcan Zunil, between Finca Monte-
cristo and Finca Asturias, 1,300 meters, Steyermark 35278. Dept.
Chimaltenango: Near Sibaja, 1,050 meters, Standley 62282. Dept.
Escuintla: Below Las Lajas, 900-1,200 meters, Standley 64814.
Dept. Santa Rosa: Near El Molino, 600 meters, Standley 78512.
Local names "pacaya" (given to all species of Chamaedorea') and
"molinillo," the latter in reference to the fact that the base of
the stem with the cluster of stiff roots is used for stirring coffee
and other hot liquids. This plant, which is rather common along
the Pacific bocacosta of Guatemala the coffee region is related
apparently to C. pulchra Burret, which has much larger leaves, their
numerous segments much longer and narrower, the terminal ones
little if at all broader than those just below them. C. Aguilariana
bears a superficial resemblance to C. neurochlamys Burret, a very
different plant, however, with narrow, conspicuously curved fruits,
to which 0. F. Cook has given (but not technically published) the
name Docanthe alba. The present species is dedicated to Don Jose*
Ignacio Aguilar, formerly Director of the Finca Nacional La Aurora,
in the outskirts of Guatemala, to whom we are indebted for a great
many favors and for a large amount of information regarding Guate-
malan plants, as well as for extensive collections of herbarium
specimens that have provided many new department records for the
flora of Guatemala.
Chamaedorea brachypoda Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Caudex gracilis pallide viridis ca. metralis 6-7 mm. crassus, inter-
nodiis 6-6.5 cm. longis; folii vagina ca. 6 cm. longa 8 mm. lata
tubulosa striato-nervia apice obliqua; petiolus gracilis 9-10 cm.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 199
longus; lamina simplex ca. 25 cm. longa et aequilata basi cuneato-
acuta, rhachi ca. 12 cm. longa, nervis primariis utroque latere ca.
13 utrinque prominentibus, nervis secundariis singulis primariis
multo tenuioribus, lamina profunde biloba, lobis acutis vel breviter
acuminatis angulo recto vel paullo angustiore divergentibus ca.
16 cm. longis et prope basin 10 cm. latis, fere concoloribus; spadices
longe infra folia nascentes, pedunculo 3-5 cm. longo gracili sed
rigido adscendente; spathae 6 brevissimae, infimis vix ultra 8 mm.
longis supremis usque ad 2.5 cm. longis, 4 mm. diam. apice acutis vel
acuminatis; spadicis masculi rami 5-6 gracillimi laxiflori 9-10.5 cm.
longi, floribus vix subimmersis pallide luteis; calyx vix 2 mm. latus
brevissime 3-lobus vel subinteger sub flore explanatus; petala libera
2.5-3 mm. longa ovato-ovalia incurva et apice conniventia; antherae
ovales breves; pistillodium columnare apice anguste disciformi-
dilatatum; spadix femineus masculo similis (bene evolutus non
visus), ramis 5-6 et 5-6 cm. longis. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Wet
forest, between Bananera and La Presa, base of Sierra del Mico,
alt. 150 meters or lower, April 9, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 39185
(type in Herb. Field Mus.); between Virginia and Lago de Izabal,
100 meters or lower, April 4, 1940, Steyermark 38749.
Local name "pacaya." This is a close relative of C. Ernesti-
Augusti Wendland, but in that species the peduncles are mostly
20-25 cm. long, and the pistillate inflorescences are simple, the
flower-bearing portion much shorter than the peduncle.
Chamaedorea carchensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Planta
acaulis; folia magna, vagina indurata 12 cm. longa fere 2 cm. crassa
superne angustata; petiolus 1 m. longus vel paullo ultra anguste
sulcatus fere 1 cm. crassus; pinnae subaequales regulariter insertae
alternantes utroque latere ca. 15 lineari-lanceolatae, terminales vix
latiores vel in foliis juvenilibus sequentibus duplo latioribus, pin-
nis medialibus ca. 40 cm. longis et 3.5 cm. latis rectis aequaliter
attenuato-acuminatis, basin versus sensim angustatis, basi ipsa
10-15 mm. lata paullo indurata, pinnis conspicue 1-nerviis, nervis 2
teneris submarginalibus percursis, nervis intermediis tenerrimis
inconspicuis; inflorescentiae femineae radicales vel saltern e basi
plantae nascentes erectae, pedunculo 34-50 cm. longo crassiusculo
apicem versus 4 mm. crasso; spathae 6 imbricatae adpressae ca.
8-10 mm. diam., infimae 3.5 cm. tantum longae, supremae ca. 12
cm. longae apice obliquae, obtusae submucronatae dense striato-
nerviae; spadicis feminei pars ramosa 20-26 cm. longa 7-8 cm. lata,
rhachi crassiuscula 14-18 cm. longa, ramis 18-25 crassiusculis
200 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
viridibus arcuato-erectis sparsifloris; flores vix immersi, alveolis
1-1.2 mm. longis orbicularibus vel late ovalibus; calyx ca. 2 mm.
latus incrassatus 3-lobus, lobis rotundo-ovatis obtusissimis; petala
2.5 mm. longa rotundo-ovata obtusa in statu fructifero incrassata;
fructus juvenilis vix 5 mm. longus ovalis vel late oblongus apice
rotundatus. Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Wet rocky forest
along banks of Rio Carcha, between Coban and San Pedro Carcha,
alt. about 1,350 meters, March, 1941, Paul C. Standley 90160 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.); also (juvenile plants) nos. 90161 and 90163.
We are unable to suggest a relationship for this species, which is
marked by large leaves with numerous narrow straight pinnae, and
especially by the form of the pistillate inflorescence, which arises
from the base of the plant and has numerous, almost erect, rather
stout branches. The very young plants have simple, deeply bifid
leaves. The species grows in the dense, wet, very rich forest along
the Rio Carcha, one of the few places close to Coban where one may
form some idea of the original forest covering of this part of Guate-
mala, now so generally denuded for agricultural purposes.
Chamaedorea digitata Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Caudex
gracilis viridis erectus usque ad 1 m. altus, 5-7 mm. diam., internodiis
inaequalibus brevibus vel aliquanto elongatis; folia inter minora,
vagina 16-21 cm. longa tubulosa apice obliqua 6-13 mm. crassa
prominenter costato-nervia, vaginis interdum 8 cm. tantum longis,
petiolo gracili vulgo 3-6 cm. longo, laminis plerumque 17-28 cm.
longis; pinnae regulariter dispositae utroque latere 5-7 tenues subtus
paullo pallidiores lanceolatae vel late lanceolatae sigmoideae 6-11
cm. longae 2.5-3 cm. latae, anguste attenuato-acuminatae, basin
versus angustatae 4-6-nerviae, nervis primariis gracillimis sed
prominentibus, secondariis inter paria primariorum pluribus tener-
rimis; inflorescentiae radicales in plantis acaulescentibus vel in
elatioribus infra folia nascentes, pedunculo gracillimo 18-30 cm.
longo 1.5 mm. crasso; spathae 4-5 tubulosae brunnescentes striato-
nerviae 3-4 mm. diam. apice subacutae adpressae; rhachis spadicis
masculi fere nulla 5-6 mm. tantum longa, ramis (in planta unica
visa) 4 gracilibus remotifloris 7.5-9 cm. longis, floribus paullo
immersis depresso-globosis, calyce 1.7 mm. lato, brevissime lobato,
lobis truncatis; petala rotundo-ovata obtusa ecostata valvata;
spadix femineus parvus, ramis 3-6 crassiusculis arcuato-erectis
3.5-6.5 cm. longis remotifloris, floribus breviter immersis, alveolis
oblongis vel ovalibus 1.5 mm. longis; calyx brevissime trilobus 2.5
mm. latus, petalis ovato-rotundis saepe latioribus quam longis,
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 201
paullo ultra 2 mm. longis dorso subtrinerviis; fructus immaturus 5-6
mm. longus subglobosus vel ovali-globosus, basi et apice rotundatus.
Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: In Liquidambar forest on
slopes bordering a moist ravine, Cerro Negro, 2 miles east of Las
Palmas, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,600-2,000 meters, August
31, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51683 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, above Finca El Porvenir,
1,400-1,700 meters, Steyermark 37386. Dept. Solola: Southern
slopes of Volcan de Atitlan, 1,700-3,800 meters, Steyermark 47383.
Dept. El Progreso: Sierra de las Minas, hills north of Finca Piamonte,
toward summit of Volcan de Santa Luisa, 2,400-3,000 meters,
Steyermark 43493. Dept. Alta Verapaz : Dense wet forest, mountains
along road between Tactic and the divide on the road to Tamahu,
1,600 meters, Standley 91426.
A small and neat plant, notable for its short and broad sigmoid
pinnae with very long and narrow tips, also for the very small pistil-
late inflorescence, with few branches.
Chamaedorea fusca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Palma
elata erecta 1.5-3 m. alta, caudice 1-1.5 cm. crasso, internodiis
inaequalibus 4-15 cm. longis; folia majuscula, vagina ca. 20 cm.
longa apice obliqua prominenter costata; petiolus ca. 35 cm. longus
crassiusculus usque ad 7 mm. crassus; pinnae crassiusculae regulariter
insertae alternantes vel interdum suboppositae subtus paullo pal-
lidiores in utroque latere 5-7, rhombeo-lanceolatae vel late lanceo-
latae sigmoideae, medianae 22-35 cm. longae 3.5-10 cm. latae, longe
angusteque caudato-acuminatae vel attenuato-acuminatae, basin
versus sensim angustatae, basi ipsa usque 1.5 cm. lata, plerumque
5-nerviae, nervis primariis prominentibus, secundariis multo tenuiori-
bus numerosis, pinnis terminalibus sequentibus brevioribus et vulgo
angustioribus; inflorescentiae femineae infra folia nascentes in sicco
fere nigrae, pedunculo 20-27 cm. longo apicem versus 4 mm. crasso,
rhachi 10-19 cm. longa; spadicis feminei rami simplices vel infimi
furcati, 23 vel pauciores, arcuati et patentes vel adscendentes
crassiusculi laxiflori, in vivo virides in sicco nigrescentes; flores laxe
inserti vix immersi, alveolis suborbicularibus fere 2 mm. longis, in
sicco nigrescentes; spathae vulgo 5, infimae 2-3 cm. longae, superi-
ores ca. 10 cm. longae, tubulosae 6-9 mm. diam., striato-nerviae
apice obliquae; calyx 2.5 mm. latus breviter trilobus, lobis late
rotundatis; petala crassa enervia 2 mm. longa rotundo-ovata
obtusissima; fructus ellipsoideus in sicco 10 mm. longus 6-7 mm.
latus fere symmetricus apice basique paullo angustatus; semen
202 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
immaturum ellipsoideum 7 mm. longum 4 mm. latum. Guatemala:
Dept. Izabal: Between Bananera and La Presa, Sierra del Mico,
alt. 300 meters or lower, March 28, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark
38123 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Alta Verapaz: Vicinity of
Cubilgiiitz, alt. 300-350 meters, Steyermark 44380. Mexico:
Monterrey, Campeche, January, 1932, C. L. Lundell 1235.
Outstanding characters of this Chamaedorea are the rather large
leaves with very broad pinnae whose form reminds one almost of
some species of Zamia, and the very large pistillate spadices, whose
numerous, rather widely spreading branches are blackish in the dry
state. The fruits, also, are noteworthy for their elongate form, those
of the majority of local species being globose or nearly so.
Chamaedorea nubium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Caudex
gracilis erectus 1.5-2.5 m. altus 8-10 mm. crassus, internodiis
supremis brevibus, inferioribus usque 9.5 cm. longis; folia simplicia,
vagina ca. 30 cm. longa tubulosa apice obliqua laxe adpressa ca.
13 mm. diam., striato-nervia, petiolo gracili 19 cm. longo; lamina
ca. 45 cm. longa profunde bifida, rhachi ca. 15 cm. longa, segmentis
latere superiore 33 cm. longis falcato-acuminatis integris vel sub-
integris, nervis primariis utroque latere ca. 14 prominentibus,
secundariis obscuris, basi laminae cuneato-acuta; pedunculi spadicis
feminei recurvi 25-27 cm. longi apicem versus 2.5 mm. crassi,
spathis (bene evolutis non visis) anguste tubulosis striato-nerviis
3-4 mm. crassis apice acutis adpressis; spadix fructifer ca. 15 cm.
longus, rhachi 4 cm. longa vel interdum magis elongata, ramis 5 vel
ultra crassiusculis aliquanto undulatis usque ad 10.5 cm. longis
adscendentibus vel suberectis spiraliter laxifloris, aurantiacis,
floribus subimmersis, alveolis ca. 2.5 mm. longis; calyx brevissimus
brevissime 3-lobus, lobis latissimis subtruncatis; petala in statu
fructifero incrassata semiorbicularia apice rotundata latiora quam
longa 2.5 mm. longa; fructus late ovalis vel obovoideo-ovalis ca.
10 mm. longus et 7 jnm. latus basi et apice rotundatus. Guate-
mala: Dept. El Progreso: Sierra de las Minas, hills north of Finca
Piamonte, toward the summit of Volcan de Santa Luisa, in cloud
forest, alt. about 2,900 meters, February 5, 1942, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 43583a (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Huehuetenango :
Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Cerro Huitz, between Mimanhuitz
and Yulhuitz, alt. 1,500-2,600 meters, Steyermark 48612.
The second collection cited is in poor condition but probably
referable here. This is a relative of C. Ernesti-Augusti Wendland,
but that species has simple pistillate spadices.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 203
Chamaedorea Pachecoana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Palma nana vix ultra 60 cm. alta, acaulis vel subacaulis, caudice vix
ad 8 cm. longo, ca. 7 mm. diam., densissime annulate, internodiis
vix ad 6 mm. longis; folia parva pinnatisecta plerumque 30-36 cm.
longa et 8-13 cm. lata, vagina ca. 5 cm. longa usque ad basin fissa
laxa striato-nervia, petiolo gracillimo 7-17 cm. longo; pinnae tenues
late rhombeo-lanceolatae vel oblongo-lanceolatae 4.5-8 cm. longae
1.5-2 cm. latae vel interdum paullo majores, longe angusteque
falcato-acuminatae, sigmoideae, basi arcuato-cuneatae, basi ipsa
angusta, regulariter dispositae alternae vel suboppositae, terminales
coalitae, interdum sequentibus paullo longiores et latiores, omnes
3-nerviae, nervis secundariis numerosis inconspicuis; pedunculi
gracillimi plerumque 11-23 cm. longi supra vix ultra 1 mm. crassi;
spathae 5-6 angustissime tubulosae vix 2 mm. diam. arete adpressae,
superiores 5-7.5 cm. longae apice obliquae; spadix masculus 7-11 cm.
longus, rhachi brevissima, ramis 2-5 usque ad basin densifloris,
floribus plurimis viridescenti-luteis subimmersis 3 mm. longis, calyce
2.5 mm. lato breviter trilobo; petala valvata apice incurva late ovata
obtusa enervia, antheris oblongo-ovatis obtusis; spadix femineus
simplex et 5-10 cm. longus vel saepe furcatus et aequilongus, ramis
sparse paucifloris, crassiusculis rectis, floribus spiraliter dispositis
subimmersis, rhachi rubra vel aurantiaca; calyx 2 mm. latus breviter
trilobus, lobis late rotundatis; petala rotundo-ovata 2 mm. longa
obtusissima leviter striato-nervia; fructus maturus niger globosus
vel ovali-globosus 6-8 mm. longus basi et apice rotundatus symmetri-
cus. Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala: Cultivated in the garden of
Don Mariano Pacheco Herrarte, Guatemala; said to come from
Dept. Totonicapan, but probably from some other part of the
Occidente; January 20, 1939, Paul C. Standley 63104 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.). Dept. Quezaltenango : Along old road between Finca
Pirineos and Patzulin, alt. 1,200-1,400 meters, Standley 86596,
86654, 86804, 86924, 87030, 87027, 87009, 87017, 87011, 87030;
Finca Pirineos, below Santa Maria de Jesus, 1,350 meters, Standley
68198; Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pirineos, 1,300-2,000 meters,
Steyermark 33333.
Local name "pacaya." This is easily the smallest of all the known
palms of Guatemala, and one of the most attractive. Although C.
elegans Mart, blooms when even smaller, it soon attains a much
greater size, becoming 2 meters high or more. For pot culture C.
elegans is probably more desirable, since it is more slender and
graceful, but C. Pachecoana is a much more leafy and denser plant,
and probably would not soon become lank and ungainly, as C. elegans
204 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
does after a short period of cultivation in pots. The plant here
described is well known in Guatemala, and occasionally is seen in
pots about patios. It is common in the moist forest of the lower
reaches of the Samala Valley. It is somewhat surprising that it was
not found long ago by some of the collectors in search of palms for
introduction into Europe, but it does not closely resemble any
Mexican palm of which we have seen a representation. Rather
strangely, the Guatemalan Chamaedoreas have all, so far as they
are localized, with one exception, been described from the Coban
region, and one dependent upon literature alone would be justified
in supposing that Chamaedoreas were not found in other parts of
the country. As a matter of fact, they are quite as plentiful, if not
more so, in the forests of the Pacific slope, especially in the areas
devoted to coffee culture.
Chamaedorea quezalteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Palma
gracilis ca. 1.5 m. alta, caudice fere 1 cm. diam. lucido, internodiis
1.5-3 cm. longis; vagina ca. 17.5 cm. longa tubulosa fere 1.5 cm.
crassa tenuiter striato-nervia, petiolo gracili elongate 2.5 mm. crasso;
folia pinnatisecta, pinnis utroque latere ca. 16 regulariter dispositis
alternantibus tenuibus utrinque intense viridibus, lineari-lanceolatis
vix vel non sigmoideis, majoribus medialibus ca. 19 cm. longis et
2 cm. latis longe attenuato-acuminatis, basin versus sensim angusta-
tis, plerumque 5-nerviis, nervis secundariis tenerrimis obscuris, vel
3-nerviis cum nervo secundario singulo prominente interposito,
superioribus 9 cm. tantum longis et vix 1 cm. latis; pedunculus
gracillimus usque ad 25 cm. longus apice 1.5 mm. crassus, spathis
(perfectis non visis) 3 mm. crassis tubulosis apice obliquis; spadix
femineus simplex ca. 8 cm. longus spiraliter laxeque pauciflorus,
rhachi gracillima subflexuosa, floribus distantibus non immersis,
alveolis late ovalibus ca. 1.5 mm. longis; calyx sub fructu explanatus
2.5 mm. latus breviter trilobus, lobis late rotundatis vel subtruncatis;
petala in statu fructifero incrassata explanata ovato-rotundata vel
latissime ovata, interdum latiora quam longa, ca. 3 mm. longa
interdum 4 mm. lata, apice late rotundata enervia; fructus imma-
turus subglobosus symmetricus ca. 6 mm. diam. basi et apice late
rotundatus. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango : Dense damp mixed
mountain forest, along old road between Finca Pirineos and Patzulin,
alt. 1,200-1,400 meters, February 9, 1941, Paul C. Standley 87159
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Apparently this is a rare plant, since we have made only one
collection of it. It is related to C. adscendens (Dammer) Burret,
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 205
which is confined to the Atlantic watershed of Guatemala, and has
numerous, evident and somewhat prominent secondary nerves
between the primary nerves of the leaflets.
Chamaedorea Rojasiana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Palma
gracilis erecta interdum acaulis, vulgo 1-1.5 m. alta, caudice 6-8 mm.
crasso, internodiis 5.5-7 cm. longis vel interdum multo brevioribus;
vagina 7-12 cm. longa 8-14 mm. crassa apice obliqua prominenter
striato-nervia, petiolo gracili 5-20 cm. longo; folia inter minora pin-
natisecta, pinnis tenuibus fere concoloribus vel subtus paullo pallidi-
oribus, utroque latere 2-4 regulariter dispositis insigniter sigmoideis,
terminalibus 2 coalitis 19-25 cm. longis 5.5-7 cm. latis, sequentibus
brevioribus ca. 3 cm. latis, infimis ca. 8 cm. longis atque 2 cm. latis,
omnibus falcato-acuminatis, terminalibus 7-8-nerviis, inferioribus
plerumque 3-nerviis, nervis secondariis paucis tenuibus; pedunculi
11-20 cm. longi gracillimi, apice vix 2 mm. crassi, adscendentes vel
paten tes; spathae 3-4 anguste tubulosae adpressae vix ultra 3 mm.
crassae striato-nerviae; spadix masculus simplex vel saepe e ramis
2-3 compositus, ramis usque ad basin densifloris 10-14.5 cm. longis
4 mm. crassis, floribus sat profunde immersis, calyce 2.5 mm. lato
fere truncate obscure trilobo; petala apice valvata striato-nervia
ca. 2 mm. longa; spadix femineus simplex vel e ramis 2 compositus,
ramis aurantiacis 7-9 cm. longis remote spiraliter subpaucifloris,
floribus profunde immersis, alveolis oblongis vel ovalibus 2.5 mm.
longis, calyce brevissimo obscure trilobo; petala irregulare rotundata
prominenter striato-nervia; fructus primo aurantiacus maturitate
purpureo-niger subglobosus vel ovali-ellipsoideus in sicco 7-9 mm.
longus, basi et apice rotundatus. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango :
On forested banks, Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pirineos, lower
southern slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de
Jesus and Calahuache", alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, January 1-2, 1940,
Julian A. Steyermark 33479 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); between
Finca Pirineos and Patzulin, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark
33649; along old road between Finca Pirineos and Patzulin, alt.
1,200-1,400 meters, Standley 86937, 86933, 86947, and 86713;
Finca Pirineos, alt. 1,350 meters, Standley 68187, 68308, 68340.
Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, Finca El Porvenir, alt.
1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark 37526, 37527; Cerro de Mono above
Finca El Porvenir, alt. 1,400-1,700 meters, Steyermark 37387; Loma
Trocodona, Finca El Porvenir, Steyermark 37527. Dept. Huehue-
tenango: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, near Maxbal, alt. 1,500
meters, Steyermark 48856. Dept. Solola: Northern slopes of Volcan
206 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
de Atitlan, alt. 2,600 meters, Steyermark 47355. Dept. Suchite-
pe"quez: Southwestern slopes of Volcan de Zunil, alt. 1,200 meters,
Steyermark 35247, 35248.
Known locally as "pacaya," or sometimes "molinillo." Related,
apparently, to C. oreophila Mart., of southern Mexico, because of
the form of the inflorescences. That species has much more numer-
ous leaf segments, the middle ones being relatively much narrower.
C. Rojasiana is named for Professor Ulises Rojas, Director of the
Jardin Botanico of Guatemala, on and near whose finca, Pirineos,
many of the specimens were collected.
Chamaedorea Skutchii Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Caudex
gracilis 2.5 m. altus ca. 8 mm. crassus, internodiis 2.5-3 cm. longis;
petiolus 22 cm. longus vel paullo ultra, lamina pinnatisecta; pinnae
utroque latere 8, tenues, subtus paullo pallidiores, terminales 27 cm.
longae et fere 8 cm. latae, falcato-acuminatae, latere exteriore
inconspicue crenato-serratae, 7-nerviae, sequentes approximatae
regulariter dispositae alternantes 15-21 cm. longae 13-16 mm. latae
non sigmoideae subfalcate longiattenuatae 3-nerviae, nervis secun-
dariis tenerrimis; inflorescentia feminea infra folia nascens, pedunculo
gracili ca. 21 cm. longo apice fere 4 mm. crasso; spadix ca. 14 cm.
longus, rhachi ca. 3 cm. longa, ramis 7 simplicibus crassis aurantiacis
spiraliter remoteque floriferis, floribus breviter immersis, alveolis
ovalibus 2.5 mm. longis; calyx ca. 3 mm. latus brevissime trilobus,
lobis late rotundatis; petala 2.5 mm. longa in statu fructifero incras-
sata ovato-rotundata sub fructu explanata; fructus niger ovali-
globosus in sicco 10 mm. longus 8 mm. latu's symmetricus basi et
apice rotundatus; semen ovali-globosum 8 mm. longum. Guate-
mala: Dept. Quezaltenango : Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,400 meters,
August 4, 1934, Alexander F. Skutch 935 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
According to the collector, the plants bear usually 4 or 5 leaves.
The plant is probably a local or rare one, since it has not appeared
among the numerous palm collections made in the same general
region. It has no particularly outstanding characters, although the
broad uppermost pinnae are rather distinctive, and this particular
combination of fruit and leaf characters is not matched in any other
Guatemalan species of the genus.
Chamaedorea stenocarpa Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Planta
acaulis nana ca. 60 cm. alta; folia 5 vel plura, 60 cm. longa vel
breviora, vagina 4-4.5 cm. tan turn longa sursum angustata striato-
nervia, petiolo gracili 12-20 cm. longo, rhachi 14-27 cm. longa
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 207
anguste marginata, lamina pinnatisecta 14-32 cm. longa 10-20 cm.
lata; pinnae tenues concolores utroque latere 10-14 regulariter dis-
positae anguste oblongo-lanceolatae aliquanto sigmoideae, mediales
5.5-12 cm. longae 1.2-2.5 cm. latae, attenuato-acuminatae, basin
versus angustatae, basi ipsa ca. 8 mm. lata, 3-nerviae, nervis primariis
tenuibus prominentibus, secundariis inter paria singulis tenerrimis
et inconspicuis; pinnae terminales 5-7.5 cm. longae 8-15 mm. latae
2-3-nerviae; pedunculus femineus gracilis erectus 18 cm. longus
apice 1.5 mm. crassus; spathae 3 vel ultra anguste tubulosae fere
3 mm. diam. arete adpressae apice obliquae promi^enter nervosae;
spadix crassiusculus rectus 4 cm. longus intense aurantiacus, sub-
densiflorus, floribus vix immersis spiraliter insertis, alveolis ellipticis
1.8 mm. longis; calyx minutus brevissime trilobus; petala enervia fere
3 mm. longa rotundo-ovata obtusa; fructus immaturus oblongus in
sicco 8 mm. longus 4 mm. latus apice obtusus vel rotundatus, basi
obtusus. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Dense wet forest, Cerro San
Gil, alt. 650-900 meters, December 25, 1941, Julian A. Steyermark
41893 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
One of the smallest of Guatemalan palms, noteworthy for the
numerous, very thin, deep green pinnae, distinctly sigmoid in outline,
and the very short, simple spadix, bearing numerous oblong fruits.
Chamaedorea stricta Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Planta
acaulis; folia vulgo 2-3 erecta subrigida concoloria vel subtus paullo
pallidiora, vagina 8-27 cm. longa sursum attenuata striato-nervia
sublaxa, petiolo 28-35 cm. longo usque ad 7 mm. crasso; lamina
26-60 cm. longa 13-23 cm. lata, basi cuneato-angustata, apice pro-
funde bifida, rhachi 14-30 cm. longa, lobis longe acuminatis fere
erectis, nervis primariis utroque latere 12-14 prominentibus, nervis
secundariis numerosis tenerrimis inconspicuis; pedunculus radicalis
erectus gracilis sed subrigidus 80-100 cm. longus, apice 2 mm. diam. ;
spathae 7-9 anguste tubulosae, arete adpressae, pallide virides
tenerrime nervosae, infimae 7 cm. tantum longae, mediales 11-28 cm.
longae ca. 4 mm. diam. apice acuto obliquae; spadix masculus ca.
24 cm. longus, rhachi ca. 3.5 cm. longa, ramis 7 fere ad basin densi-
floris gracilibus et subflexuosis, floribus sat profunde immersis,
alveolis anguste ellipticis 2.5 mm. longis; calyx brevissimus 2.5 mm.
latus brevissime trilobus; petala enervia libera late ovata obtusa
fere 4 mm. longa erecta; spadicis feminei rami 3-4 erecti crassiusculi
8-14.5 cm. longi, floribus remote spiraliter insertis, rhachi 1.5-3 cm.
longa, rubro-aurantiaca, floribus vix immersis, alveolis ellipticis vel
ovalibus 2.5 mm. longis; calyx 3.5 mm. longus sub fructu explanatus
208 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
brevissime trilobus; petala enervia fere orbicularia subapiculata ca.
3 mm. longa et aequilata; fructus subglobosus 8 mm. longus et fere
aequilatus basi et apice late rotundatus; semen globosum albido-
brunneum fructu vix minus. Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos:
Volcan de Tajumulco, on narrow dry ridge above Finca El Porvenir,
up Cerro de Mono, alt. 1,400-1,700 meters, March 9, 1940, Julian A,
Steyermark 37381 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); above Finca El
Porvenir, between Todos Santos Chiquitos and Loma de la Paloma,
alt. 1,400-1,700 meters, Steyermark 37252.
Among the few species with simple leaves, this is outstanding in
the greatly elongate, stiffly erect, radical inflorescences. In the genus
Chamaedorea such elongation of the peduncles is very unusual and
when they are much elongate, they usually are spreading or even
pendent.
Chamaedorea vulgata Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Palma
elata, erecta, caudice vulgo 1.5-4.5 m. alto 1-2 cm. crasso viridi con-
spicue annulate, internodiis 4-6.5 cm. longis; folia magna pinnati-
secta, vagina ca. 26 cm. longa atque 1-1.5 cm. crassa adpressa striato-
nervia, petiolo ca. 55 cm. longo recto 7-9 mm. crasso; pinnae utroque
latere ca. 24 regulariter dispositae alternantes tenues intense virides
concolores lanceolato-lineares, 27-55 cm. longae 3-7 cm. latae, non
sigmoideae, longe attenuato-acuminatae, basin versus sensim
angustatae, basi ipsa 6-22 mm. lata, prominenter 5-nerviae, nervis
secundariis elevatis sed primariis tenuioribus numerosis, pinnis
superioribus sensim decrescentibus, terminalibus interdum 9.5 cm.
tantum longis sed vulgo multo longioribus, inferioribus aequilatis,
infimis medialibus aliquanto brevioribus; inflorescentiae infra folia
nascentes, pedunculis crassiusculis patentibus vel pendulis, interdum
adscendentibus, 25-50 cm. longis superne 2-4 mm. crassis; spathae
4-5 tubulosae subadpressae, 6-12 mm. latae, infimae 2.5 cm. longae,
supremae 6-21 cm. longae acutae apice obliquae, prominenter striato-
nerviae; spadicis masculi rhachis 1-2 cm. tantum longa, ramis 3-9
gracilibus 15-20 cm. longis sat dense vel inferne sublaxe fere ad
basin multifloris, ut videtur pendulis, floribus vix immersis, alveolis
ovalibus fere 2 mm. longis; calyx 2.5-3 mm. latus brevissime trilobus,
lobis latissime rotundatis; petala viridia enervia crassiuscula late
ovata obtusa ca. 3 mm. longa libera; spadicis feminei rhachis
crassa ca. 4 cm. vel usque ad 12 cm. longa, ramis 6 vel interdum
usque 15 gracilibus aurantiacis, adscendentibus vel praesertim in
statu fructifero pendulis, interdum flexuosis, alveolis late ovalibus
vel suborbicularibus; calyx sub fructu explanatus brevissime trilobus;
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 209
petala enervia late ovato-rotundata in statu fructifero ca. 4 mm. lata
et fere aequilonga apiculata; fructus globosus symmetricus 9 mm.
longus et aequilatus basi et apice late rotundatus; semen globosum.
Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: In forest, Volcan de Tajumulco,
between Finca El Porvenir and Loma Corona, 9 miles northwest of
El Porvenir, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, March 14, 1940, Julian A.
Steyermark 37735 (7 sheets; type in Herb. Field Mus.); Volcan de
Tacana, between Canjula and La Union Juarez, alt. 2,000 meters or
higher, Steyermark 36455. Dept. Quezaltenango: Between Finca
Pirineos and Finca Soledad, lower southern slopes of Volcdn de
Santa Maria, 1,300 meters, Steyermark 33514, 33518; Fuentes
Georginas, western slope of Volcan de Zunil, 2,850 meters, Standley
67344. Dept. Huehuetenango: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, near
Maxbal, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 48737; Sierra de los Cuchu-
matanes, Cerro Canana, between Nucapuxlac and Canana, alt.
2,500 meters, Steyermark 49018. Dept. Suchitepe*quez: Volcan de
Santa Clara, between Finca Naranjo and the upper slopes, alt. 1,300
meters or higher, Steyermark 46673.
Local names are "pacaya," "cum" (in San Marcos), "pacaya
chiquita," "pacaya de montana," and "bojon." The range of the
species is apparently somewhat wider than is indicated by the speci-
mens cited. This is a most unsatisfactory plant to name, and perhaps
a new name for it is unnecessary, but we have not been able to iden-
tify it with any other Guatemalan species or with any of those
recorded for Mexico. The relationship is obviously with C. Tepeji-
lote Liebm., a common Guatemalan species distinguished by its oval
or oblong fruits, and often by its much greater size, although many
of the wild plants of C. Tepejilote are no larger than those of C. vul-
gata. It is possible, further, that two species really are represented
by the collections here referred to C. vulgata, but this can not be
decided until a larger number of collections is available for study.
As here treated, C. vulgata is one of the most common small palms
of the mountains of the Occidente of Guatemala.
ARACEAE
Anthurium Coibionii Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Sub-
acaulescens, caudice brevissimo fere 2 cm. crasso; petioli crassi
13-35 cm. longi 4-7 mm. crassi ca. 1 cm. infra apicem geniculati,
geniculo longiore quam crasso; lamina in sicco coriacea, in vivo
crassa atque carnosa, oblongo-lanceolata, 30-60 cm. longa 8-14 cm.
lata, e basi ad apicem acutum longiattenuata, basi truncata vel
210 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
truncato-rotundata, manifeste 3-nervia, supra viridis, nervis mani-
festis, subtus pallidior et glaucescens, costa crassissima elevata,
nervis primariis lateralibus numerosis angulo angusto adscendentibus
maxime elevatis, nervis intermediis venisque prominentibus laxe
reticulatis; pedunculi ca. 35 cm. longi graciles vel crassi; spatha
oblongo-lanceolata brunneo-viridis 7.5 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata vel
brevior, obtusa atque cuspidata, basi valde amplexicaulis; spadix
crasse 1.5 cm. longe stipitatus caudiformis, 5-12 cm. longus 6-9 mm.
crassus, obtusus, sursum vix attenuatus, brunneo-purpurascens;
ovaria subglobosa apice rotundata vel truncata. Guatemala: Dept.
Zacapa: Oak-pine forest along upper reaches of Rio Sitio Nuevo,
Sierra de las Minas, between Santa Rosalia and the first waterfall,
alt. 1,200-1,500 meters, January 9, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark
42212 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); cloud forest in ravine bordering
Quebrada Alexandria, vicinity of Finca Alejandria, summit of Sierra
de las Minas, 2,500 meters, October, 1939, Steyermark 29877.
The plant was seen also in cultivation in the celebrated garden
of Don Mariano Pacheco in Guatemala City (Standley 63109), where
the plants were said to have been brought from Verapaz, probably
from the Sierra de las Minas of Baja Verapaz. A. Coibionii is related
obviously to A. parvispathum Hemsl., a common plant of the dry
hills of Santa Rosa, Baja Verapaz, and confined, so far as known,
to that region. A. parvispathum has leaves appreciably different in
outline, and constantly so, and a sessile spadix. This species is
dedicated to William Coibion, Jr., of Webster Groves, Missouri,
who as general assistant accompanied the junior author on his first
expedition to Guatemala and contributed much to the success of
that expedition.
Anthurium radicosum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba
epiphytica, caudice gracili elongate 3-4 mm. crasso, internodiis
7-12 cm. longis vel interdum brevibus, caulibus radices numerosas
elongatas carnosas emittentibus; cataphylla caduca tenuia brunnea
obtusa ca. 4 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata; petioli gracillimi 4-6 cm. longi
breviter vaginati; lamina in sicco tenuis et fere membranacea anguste
elliptico-oblonga 11-16 cm. longa 4-5 cm. lata, subabrupte acumi-
nata, basi acuta vel breviter acuminata, in sicco fuscescens, subtus
paullo pallidior et brunnescens, nervis primariis utroque latere ca.
12 gracillimis et vix prominulis inconspicuis in nervum collectivum
submarginalem conjunctis; pedunculi gracillimi ca. 10 cm. longi;
spatha reflexa pallide viridis oblongo-ovata 1.5-2 cm. longa ca. 7 mm.
lata, obtusa atque apiculata, basi amplexicaulis; spadix sessilis vel
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 211
subsessilis gracilis ad anthesin 4.5 cm. longus 3 mm. crassus, sursum
non angustatus, floribus subpaucis. Guatemala: Dept. Alta Vera-
paz: Epiphytic on tree, along Rio Icvolay, north and northwest of
Finca Cubilgiiitz to Quebrada Diablo, alt. 300-350 meters, March 6,
1942, Julian A. Steyermark 44776 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
British Honduras: Pueblo Viejo, 500 meters, February, 1924,
W. A. Schipp S678.
A relative of A. Pittieri Engler, of Costa Rica and Panama, but
in that species the spathes are usually much larger and the spadix
is slender-stipitate.
Anthurium retiferum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Petioli
26-37 cm. longi et ultra crassi (6-8 mm.), 1-1.5 cm. infra basem
laminae geniculati, geniculo fere 1 cm. crasso; lamina in sicco sub-
coriacea rigida plus minusve brunnescens vel fulvescens, oblongo-
elliptica vel anguste oblongo-elliptica, 32-42 cm. longa 12-19 cm.
lata, acuta vel apice subobtusa et apiculata, basi rotundata vel
obtusissima, sublucida, fere concolor, nervis lateralibus primariis
utroque latere ca. 12 supra impressis, subtus gracilibus maxime
elevatis, nervis secundariis venisque valde elevatis et laxe reticulatis;
pedunculus 19 cm. longus 4 mm. crassus; spatha (perfecta non visa)
reflexa roseo-purpurea plus quam 6.5 cm. longa, ca. 13 mm. lata,
cuspidato-acuminata; spadix sessilis cylindraceus 9 cm. longus 5
mm. crassus purpurascens. Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango:
Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, epiphytic, Cerro Huitz, between
Mimanhuitz and Yulhuitz, alt. 1,500-2,600 meters, July 14, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 48621 (type in Herb. Field Mus.) ; Cerro Negro,
2 miles east of Las Palmas, 1,600-2,000 meters, terrestrial on ridge
in Liquidambar forest, Steyermark 51676.
A well-marked species, apparently, not very closely related to
any other Guatemalan one, but perhaps of the general alliance of
A. parvispathum Hemsl.
Anthurium titanium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Planta
gigantea, petiolis 55 cm. longis vel multo longioribus vix vaginatis
sed prope basin paullo dilatatis, ca. 1.5 cm. infra basin laminae
geniculatis, geniculo 1.5 cm. crasso; lamina in sicco chartacea vel
crasse membranacea, rotundato-cordata, 50-120 cm. longa ca.
40-60 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel rotundata et late breviterque
cuspidata, basi profunde cordata, sinu lato aperto, integra, e basi
7-nervia, nervis 2 extimis fere 1 cm. crassis, margine exteriore
212 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
longitudine 4-6 cm. nudo, 5-6 nervos crassos e latere inferiore emit-
tentibus, nervis primariis lateralibus gracilibus remotis prominenti-
bus in nervum collect! vum e margine remotum conjunctis, venis
prominulis laxe reticulatis; pedunculus 70 cm. longus et ultra prope
basin 2 cm. crassus; spatha coriacea erecta, viridis rubro vel purpureo
tincta, lanceolata, 20-26 cm. longa 4.5-6.5 cm. prope basin lata,
anguste attenuato-acuminata, basi valde amplexicaulis; spadix
brunnescenti-viridis caudiformis ca. 19-30 cm. longus 12-18 mm.
prope basin crassus vel in vivo 2.5-5 cm. crassus, sensim attenuatus,
spatha longior, crasse 3-4.5 cm. longe stipitatus, stipite usque 12 mm.
crasso. Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Terrestrial, Volcan de Taju-
mulco, above Finca El Porvenir, along Rio Cabus to within 2 miles of
Cueva de las Palomas, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, March 16, 1940,
Julian A. Steyermark 37963 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
This appears to be an ally of A. Liebmannii Schott of Oaxaca, with
which it was first identified, but in that species the leaves are 5-nerved
from the base, and the spadix is sessile or nearly so.
Monstera grandifolia Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
epiphyticus scandens, caulibus elongatis ca. 2 cm. crassis, glaber;
petioli graciles ca. 25-35 cm. longi usque ad apicem anguste vaginati,
geniculo ca. 15 mm. longo atque 8 mm. crasso; lamina crassa oblongo-
ovata, ca. 50 cm. longa atque 26 cm. lata vel major et 35 cm. lata, ut
videtur apice obtusa vel rotundata et breviter cuspidata, prope
basin paullo angustata, basi ipsa late breviter cordata plus minusve
inaequali, costa subtus crassa prominente, nervis primariis crassis
prominentibus; pedunculi ca. 11 cm. longi, 1 cm. crassi; spatha
ignota; spadix immaturus cylindraceus sessilis 18 cm. longus, 3 cm.
crassus, dense multiflorus; stylus brevissimus lateque truncatus vel
subtruncatus. Guatemala: Dept. Pet&n: Low forest between Finca
Yalpemech and Chinaja, alt. 50-100 meters, March 28, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 45423 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Here probably belongs also Steyermark 38142, from Montana
del Mico, Izabal. It differs only in having the leaf blades distinctly
acute at the base and falcately acuminate at the apex. From the com-
mon M. acuminata C. Koch of Guatemala this differs in its much
larger leaves. Those of that species are either very obtuse or rounded
at the base. In M. belizensis Lundell, which we have not seen, a
species of nearby British Honduras, the leaves sometimes have a few
perforations, and the style is conspicuously elongate.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 213
COMMELINACEAE
Commelina alpestris Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Perennis,
radicibus plurimis elongatis crasse carnosis fasciculatis, saepe
acaulescens, vel in statu fructifero e basi vel paullo supra basin
pauciramosa et usque ad 30 cm. alta vel ultra; folia omnia radicalia
vel pauca caulina prope basin plantae evoluta, lanceolata, 11 cm.
longa et 2.5 cm. lata vel minora, attenuato-acuminata, basi dilatata
et vaginantia, vaginis membranaceis pallidis ca. 2.5 cm. longis et
1 cm. latis eciliatis; lamina glabra eciliata, supra viridis subtus
paullo pallidior, marginibus cartilagineo-incrassatis; pedunculi
plerumque simplices et scapiformes inter folia nascentes vel saepius
e caule brevi basi 1-2-f oliato nascentes, pedunculis primis et interdum
omnibus brevissimis et vaginis fere celatis, pedunculis fructiferis
vulgo solemniter elongatis et usque 22 cm. longis crassis et usque
5 mm. latis, laevibus glabrisque; spatha ad anthesin viridis ca.
3-3.5 cm. longa et complicata 2-2.5 cm. lata, obtusa vel acuta, in
statu fructifero usque 3 cm. lata et 4 cm. longa, sparse hirsutula,
insigniter inter nervos transverso-venosa; flores plurimi, pedicellis
brevibus crassis glabris; sepala glabra pallide viridia 5 mm. longa
subacuta; petala magna intense caerulea ca. 15 mm. longa. Guate-
mala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, rocky
limestone outcrops with Juniperus, vicinity of Che'mal, alt. 3,700
meters, August 8, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50265 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.); same region, December, 1940, Standley 81082; dry
slopes between Chiantla and Patio de Bolas, alt. 2,500 meters,
Steyermark 48238; near Tunima, alt. 3,300-3,500 meters, Steyermark
48308. Dept. Chimaltenango: Open meadow, Cerro de Tecpam,
region of Santa Elena, alt. 2,700 meters, December, 1938, Standley
58683; August, 1940, John R. Johnston 1715.
The relationship of this plant is with C. coelestis Willd., which is
widely distributed in the mountains of Guatemala, and likewise
ascends sometimes to high elevations. C. alpestris, however, is
distinguishable at a glance from all Mexican and Guatemalan
material of C. coelestis that we have seen, for it is acaulescent or has
very short stems from which arise several very stout and thick,
much elongate, scape-like peduncles. The spathes of C. coelestis
are relatively and usually absolutely smaller than those of C. alpestris.
Zebrina huehueteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Perennis,
caulibus decumbentibus vel adscendentibus, e nodis radicantibus,
glaucis, glabris, 85 cm. longis; folia subsessilia, supra viridia subtus
214 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
argillaceo-viridia, glabra, lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, 9-15 cm.
longa 3-6 cm. lata; vaginae 1.5-2.2 cm. longae, glabrae vel apice
parce ciliatae; bracteae 2 inaequales, 3-8 cm. longae; sepala connata,
tubo 6 mm. longo, lobis 3 mm. longis, glabra; corolla alba, tubo 1.5
cm. longo, lobis elliptico-oblongis obtusis 6-7 mm. longis 2.5 mm.
latis; stamina 6 paullo inaequalia; filamenta alba barbata 2-2.5 mm.
longa; antherae albae, loculis rotundis. Guatemala: Dept. Huehue-
tenango: Barranco slopes, along Rio Trapichillo, between Paso del
Boqueron below La Libertad and Democracia, alt. 1,000-2,100
meters, August 22, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51016 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.).
The gamopetalous corolla and calyx place this plant in Zebrina.
It is distinguished at once from Z. pendula and other later species
of that genus by the glaucous stems, the glabrous leaves which are
green above and silvery green beneath, the glabrous or almost
glabrous sheaths which are only slightly ciliate at the apex, and the
white corolla, filaments, and anthers.
LILIACEAE
Smilacina crassipes Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Terrestris
vel epiphytica erecta vel dependens, caule interdum metrali crasso
inferne fere 1 cm. crasso, basi aliquanto bulboso-incrassato; folia
numerosa membranacea lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata vel
oblongo-elliptica, vulgo 17-20 cm. longa et 4.5-5.5 cm. lata, interdum
usque 8.5 cm. lata, attenuato-acuminata, basi obtusa vel rotundata
et in petiolum crassum usque 7 mm. longum contracta; inflorescentia
anguste paniculata 10-15 cm. longa 5-6 cm. lata, rhachi crassa
angulata, ramis paucis angulo recto divaricatis crassis angulatis,
vulgo 2-4-floris, pedicellis 5 mm. longis vel brevioribus crassis in
sicco acute angulatis; perianthium pallide flavescens campanulatum,
segmentis crassiusculis ovalibus vel ovali-ovalibus 6-7 mm. longis
apice rotundatis, ad anthesin suberectis, plus minusve persistentibus;
antherae ca. 1.3 mm. longae, staminibus perianthio paullo breviori-
bus; bacca laete rubra ca. 8 mm. diam. Guatemala: Dept. Huehue-
tenango: Growing on rocks, Cerro Pueblo Vie jo, rocky slopes above
La Libertad, alt. 1,900 meters, August 20, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark
51003 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. San Marcos: Hanging
from a tree, Volcan de Tajumulco, Potrero Tojo, Finca El Porvenir,
1,300 meters, March, 1940, Steyermark 37655.
The second collection cited was determined by R. W. Emons as
Smilacina paniculata Mart. & Gal., but it is in fruit only, and does
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 215
not exhibit the flower characters that distinguish the plant here
described as a new species. S. crassipes differs from S. paniculata in
having much larger and thick perianth segments, also in the very
thick pedicels and branches of the narrow panicle.
MALVACEAE
Robinsonella cordata Rose & Baker, Gard. & For. 10: 244.
/. 31. 1897. Rebsamenia arborea Conzatti, Gn. Veg. Mex. 1903.
Dr. T. H. Kearney recently wrote to the senior author of the present
paper, inquiring about the identity of the genus Rebsamenia Conzatti,
which, although described as a tree, is not mentioned in Trees and
Shrubs of Mexico, having been overlooked by the author. As
described, Rebsamenia consisted of a single species, based upon a
collection by V. Gonzalez and C. Conzatti from Cerro de San Felipe,
Oaxaca, Mexico, March 7, 1898. Conzatti's description is sufficiently
ample, its most significant phrases indicating that the plant described
is a tree and that its flowers are blue, which among Mexican Mal-
vaceae can apply only to the genus Robinsonella, described by Rose
and Baker in 1897. In her excellent monograph of Robinsonella
(Journ. Arnold Arb. 12: 49. 1931) Mrs. Eva M. Fling Rousch does
not mention Rebsamenia, but it is clear that this is referable to Robin-
sonella cordata, which is cited there (p. 58) as having been collected
on Cerro de San Felipe by Gonzalez and Conzatti March 7, 1898 (no.
671). This no. 671 is doubtless the type collection of Rebsamenia
cordata.
SAURAUIACEAE
Saurauia cuchumatanensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Frutex 1.5 m. altus, ramis crassis dense setis longis patentibus ferru-
gineis setoso-hirsutis; folia magna subcoriacea breviter petiolata,
petiolis crassis 2-3.5 cm. longis dense setoso-hirsutis; lamina oblonga
vel elliptico-oblonga 17-25 cm. longa 6.5-8.5 cm. lata acuminata,
basin rotundatam versus paullo angustata, inaequaliter serrata,
dentibus salientibus, supra sat dense setis ferrugineis basi bulbosis
setoso-hirsuta, subtus paullo pallidior sparse ad nervos venasque
setis rigidis ferrugineis setoso-hirsuta, venis insigniter elevatis et
arete reticulatis; inflorescentiae foliis duplo breviores vel interdum
folia aequantes longipedunculatae, parvae et condensatae vel inter-
dum laxe paniculatae atque 16 cm. longae et 12 cm. latae, rhachi
ramisque dense pilis ferrugineis setoso-hirsutis, floribus magnis
breviter longeve pedicellatis; sepala dense pilis longis patentibus
216 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
ferrugineis basi bulbosis obtecta, in statu fructifero 8 mm. longa;
petala alba rotundata ca. 9 mm. longa; antherae 2 mm. longae vel
paullo ultra apice poris magnis dehiscentes; styli distinct!. Guate-
mala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Wet cloud forest, Cruz de Limon,
between San Mateo Ixtatan and Nuca, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,
alt. 2,600-3,000 meters, July 31, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 49810
(type in Herb. Field Mus.); Cerro Huitz, between Mimanhuitz and
Yulhuitz, alt. 1,500-2,600 meters, July, 1942, Steyermark 48560.
In view of the wretched "monographic" account of this genus,
it is inadvisable, probably, to propose further species until the status
of those already described has been established. There is no group
of tropical American plants more sadly in need of serious mono-
graphic study. Guatemalan plants of the genus suffered as much at
the hands of Buscalioni as those of any other country, but we have
been able to find names for most of the recognizable specific units
represented by our rather ample material, and, fortunately, reduce
to synonymy a number of the names that he proposed. There
remain, however, three apparently distinct specific units for which
we have been unable to find names among those proposed from Cen-
tral America and Mexico, although it is quite possible that names for
some of them may be found when order has been brought out of the
jumble. Saurauia cuchumatanensis is a high-mountain plant, note-
worthy for its abundant setose-hirsute pubescence of long spreading
ferruginous setae and for its large and thick, conspicuously reticulate-
veined leaves, which are broadest at or near the middle rather than
above the middle as in most related Central American species.
Saurauia perseifolia Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor
10-metralis, ramulis crassis dense stellato-pubescentibus vel tomento-
sis atque dense setis longis brunneis adscendentibus vel subadpressis
setosis; folia majuscula membranacea, petiolis crassis ca. 2 cm. longis
ut ramis indutis; lamina oblongo-obovata vel obovata 17-22 cm.
longa 7.5-10 cm. lata acuta vel subacuta, basin anguste rotundatam
versus aliquanto angustata, subintegra vel supra medium arete
serrulata, supra dense pilis patentibus vel subadpressis fulvis setosa,
subtus paullo pallidior, densissime molliterque pilis patentibus
fulvescentibus basi bulbosis setoso-pilosa; inflorescentiae pauciflorae
densae usque ad 9 cm. longae longipedunculatae, pedunculis densis-
sime breviter setosis et stellato-puberulis, pedicellis crassiusculis
elongatis, floribus albis ca. 13 mm. latis vel paullo latioribus; sepala
4.5 mm. longa rotundo-ovata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, setis
brevibus crassis puberulis dense furfuracea; petala late ovata vel
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 217
obovata apice obtusa vel rotundata, ca. 6 mm. longa, glabra; fila-
menta basi pilosa, antheris fere 2 mm. longis apice poris magnis
dehiscentibus. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Along Rio Tameja,
Cerro San Gil, alt. 50 meters, December 24, 1941, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 41748 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
This tree grows at or near sea level, an unusually low elevation
for plants of this genus, at least in Central America. It is noteworthy
for the large, thin, broad, mostly subentire leaves and very dense
pubescence of slender, relatively soft, spreading, yellowish hairs.
Saurauia veneficorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor ca.
6-metralis, ramulis petiolisque setis longis gracilibus rigidis patenti-
bus vel subreflexis brunnescentibus densissime setosis, petiolis
gracilibus 1.5-2 cm. longis; folii lamina obovato-oblonga vulgo 9-16
cm. longa et 4-6 cm. lata, apice acuta vel rotundata, basin subacutam
vel anguste rotundatam versus sensim angustata, supra pilis longis
gracilibus patentibus sparse setosa, subtus pilis longis gracilibus
dense brunnescenti-setosa, inaequaliter serrata vel serrulata; inflores-
centia laxa pauciflora graciliter longipedunculata, vulgo foliis duplo
brevior vel brevior, interdum magis elongata, floribus albis 1.5 cm.
latis vel latioribus crasse vel graciliter pedicellatis, pedicellis setis
brunnescentibus densissime longisetosis; sepala ovalia vel rotundata
6-8 mm. longa, apice rotundata vel obtusissima, setis longis gracilibus
patentibus brunnescentibus dense setosis; styli glabri distincti;
fructus siccus ca. 1 cm. diam. globosa vel depresso-globosa, pilis
longis laxis mollibus sparse pilosa. Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula:
Middle slopes of Montana Norte to El Jutal, on Cerro Brujo, south-
east of Conception de las Minas, alt. 1,700-2,000 meters, November
2, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31081 (type in Herb. Field Mus.);
Cerro Tixixi, north of Jocotan, 500-1,500 meters, Steyermark 31626.
Here probably belongs also W. R. Hatch & C. L. Wilson 229 from
Chicoyon, Coban, Alta Verapaz. This species is related to S. sub-
alpina Donn. Smith, in which the setae of the petioles are closely
appressed rather than spreading.
PASSIFLORACEAE
Passiflora macrostemma Killip, sp. nov. Glaberrima; stipulae
falcato-subulatae; petioli eglandulosi; folia profunde bilobata, lobis
erectis obtusis; pedunculi bini, bracteis setaceis; flores purpurei;
corona 1-seriata, filamentis filiformibus; operculum subplanum,
218 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
erectum; limen cupuliforme erectum gynophorum cingens, margine
divaricate.
Herbaceous vine, glabrous throughout; stem subangular; stipules
falcate-subulate, 4 mm. long, subpersistent; petioles 1-1.5 cm. long,
glandless; leaf blades membranous, sublustrous on both surfaces,
rounded or subtruncate at the base, ocellate beneath, bilobed one-
half to two-thirds their length, 1.5-4 cm. long along the midnerve,
4-9 cm. along the lateral nerves, 3-7 cm. between the apices of the
lobes, the lobes erect or very slightly divaricate, 1.2-3 cm. wide,
rounded, the sinus rounded or subtruncate; peduncles in pairs, 2-3
cm. long, divaricate; bracts setaceous, 2.5-3 mm. long, borne just
below the base of the flower; flowers 3-4 cm. wide when expanded,
the calyx tube broadly campanulate; sepals lanceolate, about 2 cm.
long, 1 cm. wide at the base, obtuse, ecorniculate, greenish purple
without, deep lavender within; petals oblong, about 1.5 cm. long,
4-5 mm. wide, obtuse, membranous, deep lavender; corona 1-ranked,
the filaments numerous, filiform, 6-7 mm. long, erect; operculum
membranous, erect, 4-5 mm. high, very slightly plicate, purple,
green at the base; nectar ring none; limen about 3 mm. high, the
base closely surrounding the gynophore, the margin spreading out-
ward, entire; gynophore about 1 cm. long, rather stout; ovary sub-
globose. Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Volcan de Quezaltepeque,
3-4 miles northeast of Quezaltepeque, alt. 1,500-2,000 meters,
November 8, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31519 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.); from the same general vicinity, Steyermark 31281. Dept.
Jalapa: Montana Durazno, 2 miles east of San Pedro Pinula, alt.
1,400-1,900 meters, Steyermark 32985.
In the monograph of the American Passifloraceae (Field Mus.
Bot. 19) this species would come in the subgenus Plectostemma,
section Decaloba, series Organenses, where it is most nearly related
to P. Salvador ensis. The foliage of the two is very similar, though
in P. salvadorensis the leaf lobes are more divergent and the blades
are of a thinner texture. The petals are barely a quarter as long as
the sepals in P. salvadorensis, the operculum is lower, the gynophore
is longer and more slender, and the limen is merely a slightly elevated
ring on the floor of the calyx tube.
LYTHRACEAE
Crenea patentinervis (Koehne) Standl., sp. nov. C. surina-
mensis (L. f.) Koehne, subsp. patentinervis Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 3:
320. 1882.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 219
This shrub of tidal swamps is known only from the Pacific coast
of Colombia, C. surinamensis, the only other species of the genus
having a rather wide range, from Colombia or perhaps Panama
through the Guianas to Bahia in Brazil.
ERICACEAE
Vaccinium minarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.-Frutex vel
arbuscula 3-4.5 m. alta ramosa, ramis gracilibus subteretibus fuscis
vel brunnescentibus, novellis saepe rubescentibus puberulis cito
glabratis sat dense foliatis; folia inter minora coriacea breviter
petiolata plus minusve lucida, petiolo crasso 3-5 mm. longo minute
puberulo vel glabro; lamina elliptico-oblonga, obovato-oblonga vel
lanceolata 2.5-3.5 cm. longa 8-15 mm. lata obtusa vel apicem
obtusum versus angustata, basi acuta vel cuneata, remote et sub-
obsolete adpresso-crenata, supra viridis glabra, costa interdum
subimpressa, subtus paullo pallidior glabra epunctata, costa crassa
prominula, nervis lateralibus obsoletis vel prominulis paucis, venis
obsoletis; racemi axillares brevissimi pauciflori foliis plus quam
duplo breviores, pedicellis rubris 3-7 mm. longis infra medium
bracteolatis puberulis; hypanthium 1.5 mm. longum pilosulum,
sepalis 5 triangulari-acuminatis 1 mm. longis extus puberulis; corolla
rosea 6 mm. longa 2 mm. lata extus albido-hispidula, lobis 5 ovatis
subacutis erectis ca. 1.3 mm. longis. Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa:
Middle and upper southern slopes of Volcan Gemelos, Sierra de las
Minas, alt. 2,100-3,200 meters, January 26, 1942, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 43295 (type in Herb. Field Mus.) ; Sierra de las Minas, between
Loma El Picacho and Cerro de los Monos, 2,000-2,600 meters,
Steyermark 42836.
The second collection cited was reported under the description
of Vaccinium haematinum Standl. & Steyerm. (Field Mus. Bot. 23:
139. 1944) as probably referable to that species, but further material
of the same plant and of V. haematinum that has come to hand shows
that two distinct species are represented. In V. haematinum the
flowers are glabrous, in V. minarum densely pubescent throughout,
and there are obvious leaf differences.
MYRSINACEAE
Ardisia apoda Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbuscula 6-me-
tralis, ramis crassis ferrugineo-furfuraceis vel glabratis subteretibus
ut videtur dense foliatis; folia magna crasse membranacea sessilia
220 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
oblongo-oblanceolata, ca. 40 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, longiacuminata,
basin versus sensim anguste attenuata, basi ipsa late marginata
anguste rotundata, Integra, supra viridia glabra, nervis obscuris,
subtus pallidiora brunnescentia minute densiuscule ferrugineo-
lepidota, dense fusco-punctata, costa gracili elevata, nervis laterali-
bus tenerrimis inconspicuis, venis vix prominulis arete reticulatis;
inflorescentia bene evoluta non visa, terminalis, ut videtur simpliciter
ramosa pedunculata sparse furfuraceo-lepidota, floribus ut videtur
breviter racemosis, pedicellis fructiferis fere 1 cm. longis crassiusculis
sparse lepidotis; sepala rotundata 1.5 mm. longa ciliolata et suberosa,
apice rotundata, grosse nigro-punctata; fructus globosus glaber
8 mm. diam. niger. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Wet mixed forest,
alt. 300-900 meters, Cerro San Gil, December 25, 1941, Julian A.
Steyermark 41923 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
It is unsatisfactory and probably inadvisable to describe a new
species from this material, which is vague as to the form and lesser
details of the inflorescence, although it shows the leaf characters
well. It is clear, however, that the single collection represents a
species of Ardisia quite unlike any other known from northern
Central America, nor does it appear referable to any of the numerous
species described from Costa Rica. Among Guatemalan species of
Ardisia it is distinguished at once by its sessile leaves, the perhaps
theoretical petioles being broadly margined to the very base, where
the blade is narrowly rounded or very obtuse.
Ardisia Vatteri Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex 1-3-me-
tralis ut videtur dense ramosus, ramis brunneis primo sat dense
ferrugineo-furfuraceis, cito glabratis, dense foliatis; folia parva
breviter petiolata firme membranacea, petiolo lato submarginato
3-5 mm. longo minute sparseque lepidoto vel fere glabro; lamina
anguste obovato-elliptica vel elliptica 2-4 cm. longa 8-18 mm. lata
obtusa vel acuta, basi cuneata, grosse supra medium crenato-dentata
vel rarius subintegra, supra glabra, costa subimpressa, nervis
obsoletis, subtus vix pallidior sparse minute brunnescenti-lepidota
vel fere omnino glabra, costa gracili prominente, nervis lateralibus
inconspicuis; inflorescentia terminalis parva corymbiformis simpli-
citer ramosa vix ultra 2 cm. longa laxe pauciflora basi foliaceo-
bracteata, bracteis superioribus oblongis obtusis usque 4 mm. longis
subpersistentibus, pedicellis gracilibus erectis 4-5 mm. longis dense
glandulis sessilibus vel substipitatis obsitis; sepala lanceolato-
oblonga 1.8 mm. longa obtusa grosse punctata glanduloso-ciliolata;
petala viridescenti-alba 3 mm. longa glanduloso-ciliolata apicem
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 221
obtusum versus angustata; filamenta petalis bene longiora ca. 4 mm.
longa, antheris late cordatis 0.7 mm. longis; fructus globosus 4 mm.
diam. glaber grosse punctatus. Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango:
Cerro Huitz, between Mimanhuitz and Yulhuitz, Cerro de los
Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,500-2,600 meters, July 14, 1942, Julian A.
Steyermark 48558 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Zacapa:
Between Loma El Picacho and Cerro de los Monos, Sierra de las
Minas, 2,000-2,600 meters, Steyermark 42834. Dept. Chiquimula:
Cerro Brujo, 1,700-2,000 meters, Steyermark 31023 (sterile). Dept.
El Progreso: Below summit of Volcan de Santa Luisa, Sierra de las
Minas, about 3,000 meters, Steyermark 43555.
One of the most distinct species found thus far in all Central
America, easily recognized by its leaves, which are smaller than those
of any other species of the Central American region. It is named for
Albert E. Vatter, Jr., of Glenview, Illinois, who accompanied the
junior author on his second expedition to Guatemala, and capably
performed the duties of chief assistant and photographer. Mr.
Vatter's work contributed greatly to the success of that expedition.
SYMPLOCACEAE
Symplocos abietorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
vel arbor 4.5-9 m. alta dense ramosa, ramis crassis primo sparse
pilis brunnescentibus rigidis patentibus hispidulis, internodiis
brevibus; folia parva petiolata rigide coriacea, petiolo crasso 4-5
mm. longo sparse hispidulo; lamina ovalis vel obovato-ovalis 3-4
cm. longa 1.5-2 cm. lata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima, basi
obtusa vel rotundata, in sicco lutescens, manifeste repando-denti-
culata, supra glabra lucida, venis impressis, subtus fere concolor,
sparse pilis brunnescentibus subpatentibus pilosa, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere ca. 6 gracilibus prominentibus, venis prominentibus
arete reticulatis; flores solitarii sessiles vel subsessiles, bracteis
rotundo-ovatis obtusis apiculatis ca. 2 mm. longis ciliatis extus
glabris; sepala apice fructus persistentia rotundo-ovata ut videtur
glabra ciliata; fructus glaber late ellipsoideus ca. 2 cm. longus et
1.5 cm. latus basi et apice rotundatus sessilis. Guatemala: Dept.
Huehuetenango: Moist cool mixed cloud forest, with Pinus Ayaca-
huite and Abies guatemalensis, around Rancho de Teja, 3 miles west
of San Mateo Ixtatan, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 3,330 meters,
July 9, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48482 (type in Herb. Field Mus.) ;
also no. 48467, with the same data.
222 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
In its very small, thick-coriaceous, conspicuously denticulate
leaves this is quite unlike any other species of Symplocos known from
Mexico or northern Central America.
Symplocos culminicola Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor
7-12-metralis ut videtur omnino glabra, ramis crassis subteretibus
cinnamomeis vel ferrugineis, internodiis plus minusve elongatis;
folia majuscula breviter petiolata firme coriacea in sicco lutescentia
lucida, petiolo crasso 6-10 mm. longo; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel
obovato-ovalis 6-14.5 cm. longa 3-6.5 cm. lata, apice late rotundata
vel apicem obtusissimum versus paullo angustata, basi subacuta
usque subrotundata, nervis supra prominulis, subtus pallidior, costa
crassiuscula elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 7-10 gracilibus
prominentibus vel prominulis, venis prominulis et laxe reticulatis
vel interdum obsoletis, marginibus integris vel subintegris interdum
revolutis; inflorescentiae (perfectae non visae) pauciflorae vel inter-
dum 1-florae pedunculatae, pedunculis 1-floris ca. 2 cm. longis,
inflorescentiis ut videtur interdum subracemosis, floribus longi-
pedicellatis, ramis pedicellisque crassis glabris; hypanthium glabrum,
sepalis ovato-rotundatis in statu fructifero ca. 4 mm. longis ciliolatis
apice rotundatis vel obtusissimis; fructus oblongo-ellipsoideus
2.5 cm. longus 1.5 cm. latus basi obtusus vel subrotundatus. Guate-
mala: Dept. Chiquimula: Cloud forest, summit of Volcan de Quezal-
tepeque, alt. about 2,000 meters, November 8, 1939, Julian A.
Steyermark 31489 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. El Progreso:
Montana Canahui, near upper limit of Finca Caieta, Sierra de las
Minas, 2,300 meters, Steyermark 43808; hills north of Finca Pia-
monte, in cloud forest near summit of Volcan de Santa Luisa, alt.
3,200 meters, Steyermark 43504.
It is possible that two species are represented by the material
cited, but until more ample material, with flowers, has been col-
lected, it seems preferable to treat the three collections as represent-
ing a single species. In foliage characters S. culminicola somewhat
resembles S. flavifolia Lundell of Chiapas, but that has less obtuse,
usually undulate or crenate leaves and much smaller fruits.
Symplocos Vatteri Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor,
ramulis gracilibus brunneis dense pilis sordidis vel brunnescentibus
sericeis vel adpresso-pilosis; folia modica breviter petiolata chartacea,
petiolo crasso 6-15 mm. longo dense piloso; lamina elliptico-oblonga
9-14 cm. longa 4.5-5.5 cm. lata acuminata, basi rotundata vel late
obtusa et interdum abrupte breviter decurrens, supra viridis sparse
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 223
pilis longis laxis pallidis pilosa vel glabrata, sublucida, nervis venisque
prominulis sed vix conspicuis, Integra, subtus multo pallidior et
brunnescens, laxe sericea, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere ca. 13 prominentibus, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis;
pedunculi axillares 1-flori vel rare 2-flori 2-4 cm. longi dense sordido-
sericei vel subtomentosi graciles; sepala suborbicularia extus densis-
sime pilis longis albidis vel ochraceis sericea, apice rotundata;
corolla pallide purpurea, extus densissime pilis longis albis sericea,
fere 2 cm. longa, lobis obovato-rotundatis apice late rotundatis, intus
glabris, denticulatis vel erosis; stamina numerosissima pauciseriata
corollam fere aequantia, filamentis crassis minute papillosis, antheris
vix 0.7 mm. longis. Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Moist cool
mixed cloud forest with Pinus Ayacahuite and Abies guatemalensis,
around Rancho de Teja, 3 miles west of San Mateo Ixtatan, Sierra
de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 3,330 meters, July 9, 1942, Julian A.
Steyermark 48463 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
From all other Symplocos species of Mexico and northern Central
America this is distinguished at once by its unusually large flowers
and by the greatly elongate, 1-flowered peduncles. It is a pleasure
to dedicate this species to Albert E. Vatter, Jr., who was especially
interested in the flora of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes.
LOGANIACEAE
Buddleia euryphylla Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor
7-15-metralis, ramis crassis obtuse tetragonis dense stellato-tomento-
sis, tomento sublaxo brunnescente; folia magna petiolata mem-
branacea, petiolo crasso 3-7 cm. longo laxe tomentoso; lamina late
ovata vel elliptico-ovata 15-25 cm. longa et 9.5-15 cm. lata vel
ultra, subacuta usque breviter acuminata, basi late rotundata usque
acuta non decurrens, Integra vel undulata, supra viridis in statu
adulto fere omnino glabra, nervis venisque inconspicuis, subtus
pallidior atque brunnescens, ubique dense tomentosa, tomento e
pilis inaequalibus mollibus sublaxis non adpressis composito, costa
crassa elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 12 prominentibus,
nervis vix prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae paniculatae
magnae pedunculatae interdum 30 cm. longae et fere aequilatae
repetite ramosae, laxae, ubique tomento laxo e pilis ramosis com-
posito dense indutae, floribus subcapitatis, capitulis laxe cymoso-
paniculatis breviter pedunculatis paucifloris; calyx 3 mm. longus
dense stellato-tomentosus, dentibus late triangularibus obtusis;
corolla flava 4 mm. longa, lobis 4 orbiculatis extus dense stellate-
224 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
tomentulosis, intus basi sparse hispidulis. Guatemala: Dept. El
Progreso: In ravine, Sierra de las Minas, between Finca Piamonte
and top of Montana Piamonte, along Joya Pacayal, alt. 2,500-3,000
meters, February 7, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 48628 (type in
Herb. Field Mus.); Sierra de las Minas, between El Jute de Cobana
and Finca Piamonte, 1,400-2,400 meters, Steyermark 43377 (sterile).
The relationship of this plant is obviously with B. Skutchii
Morton, a common species of the Guatemalan mountains, but
unknown in the Oriente. It differs from B. euryphylla in its much
smaller flowers, small many-flowered heads, and usually much
smaller leaves.
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Asclepias Woodsoniana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba
perennis erecta, caule gracili subsparse foliato bifarie albido-pubes-
cente; folia crassiuscula breviter petiolata opposita, petiolo cras-
siusculo 3-5 mm. longo glabrato; lamina fere linearis 4-8 mm. lata
e basi subtruncata fere subhastata sensim apicem acutum versus
attenuata 5.5-11 cm. longa utrinque glabra vel sparsissime puberula,
1-nervia, subglaucescens; umbellae apice caulis et in axillis foliorum
supremis 2-4, 1.5-3.5 cm. longe pedunculatae, ca. 12-florae, pedicellis
gracilibus 10-14 mm. longis griseo-puberulis; calycis lobi oblongi
acuti usque ad 2 mm. longi puberuli; corolla ut videtur pallide
viridis 4.5 mm. longa glabra, lobis latis obtusis reflexis; columna
staminalis crassa fere 1 mm. longa; foliola coronae ovata obtusa basi
contracta et breviter unguiculata subcucullata; antherae 2.3 mm.
longae apice albo-scariosae; corniculi coronae breviter exserti; folli-
culi non visi. Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa: Salt flats, potreros
between Trapiche Vargas and Asuncion Mita, alt. about 500 meters,
November 15, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31781 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.).
The nearest relationship of this species is not obvious, but of the
Central American species it suggests only A. rosea HBK. That,
however, has much narrower leaves with acute or attenuate, sessile
bases, and differs in numerous other respects. A. Woodsoniana has
been checked with all the species recorded from Mexico, but none
of them agree at all closely with it. It is named for Dr. Robert E.
Woodson, Jr., to whom we are much obligated for determinations of
many of our Guatemalan Asclepiadaceae.
Cynanchum stenomeres Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Scandens herbacea vel suffrutescens, caulibus interdum 2 m. longis
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 225
gracillimis obscure bifarie puberulis vel glabris pallide viridibus
interdum purpurascentibus, internodiis plerumque foliis longioribus;
folia crasse membranacea penninervia breviter petiolata glabra vel
sparse minute obscureque ad venas incurvo-puberula, petiolo gracili
4-5 mm. longo; lamina lineari-lanceolata 3-6 cm. longa 4-7 mm. lata
longe anguste attenuata, basi obtusa vel acuta, supra intense viridis,
costa nervisque interdum impressis, subtus multo pallidior, costa
prominente, nervis lateralibus tenerrimis obscuris; inflorescentiae
umbelliformes axillares ca. 10-florae pedunculatae, pedunculo gracili
usque ad 8 mm. longo vulgo breviore, pedicellis glabris vel sparse
puberulis 2.5-4 mm. longis; flores albi fragrantes ca. 4 mm. longi;
calycis lobi ovato-oblongi minuti obtusi dorso sparse minuteque
puberuli vel glabri; corolla in alabastro oblongo-ovoidea vel oblonga
apice obtusa, profunde lobata, lobis lanceolato-oblongis vel oblongo-
linearibus saepius prope basin angustatis, extus glabris intus dense
albo-pilosulis; gynostegium longistipitatum, stipite calyce duplo
longiore, coronae lobis e basi parva anguste ovoidea anguste fili-
formi-attenuatis corollae lobos fere aequantibus; stigma apice
breviter rostratum, rostro appendicibus antherarum vix longiore.
British Honduras: All Pines, open places, at sea level, February 5,
William A. Schipp 674 (type in Herb. Field Mus.) ; El Cayo District,
mountain pine ridge, San Agustin, in pimento palm grove, in 1936,
C.L.Lundell 6656; Gracie Rock, Sibun River, Percy H. Gentle 1755;
on bushes in broken ridge, 8 miles northeast of Boomtown, Hugh
O'Neill 8660.
In the present confused state of this genus it is difficult to decide
what the relationship of this species may be, but it is clearly unlike
any species of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies of
which there is material at hand for comparison. The several col-
lections cited have all been determined as Metastelma pedunculare
Dene., described from Quezaltenango, Guatemala, and probably
synonymous with Cynanchum Schlechtendalii. All forms of that
species differ obviously in their relatively and usually absolutely
short and broad, broad-based leaves that never are long-attenuate
at the apex. There are also important differences in flower structure.
While we do not care to make miscellaneous new combinations
in the genus Cynanchum, to which Metastelma is quite properly
reduced by Woodson in his revolutionary but apparently excellent
realignment of the American genera of Asclepiadaceae, the following
new names are necessary for treatment of the few Guatemalan
species of Cynanchum.
226 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
Cynanchum chiapense (Gray) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.
Metastelma chiapense Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 21 : 397. 1886.
Cynanchum collinum (Blake) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.
Metastelma collinum Blake, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 24: 19. 1929.
Cynanchum Schlechtendalii (Dene.) Standl. & Steyerm.,
comb. nov. Metastelma parviflorum Schlecht. Linnaea 6: 731. 1831,
not R. Br., 1809. M. Schlechtendalii Dene, in DC. Prodr. 8: 513. 1844.
M. pedunculare Dene. op. cit. 514, syn. nov. M. decipiens Pittier,
Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 13: 97. /. 4. 1910, syn. nov. Perhaps we are
in error in reducing to synonymy the two names cited here, but there
are no obvious characters by which the two species, based on Guate-
malan material, can be separated from C. Schlechtendalii. Decaisne
does not suggest any important differences between his two species,
and Pittier in separating M. decipiens relied only upon Decaisne's
descriptions. We have seen type material of all three of these species.
Marsdenia blepharodes Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Scan-
dens suffruticosa, caulibus teretibus gracilibus, in statu juvenili
sparse puberulis cito glabratis; folia inter minora breviter petiolata
membranacea, petiolo gracili 6-15 mm. longo glabro vel glabrato;
lamina oblongo-lanceolata 7.5-10.5 cm. longa 2-2.5 cm. lata acumi-
nata vel longiacuminata, basin versus longiattenuata, glabra, subtus
paullo pallidior, nervis lateralibus utroque latere vulgo 3 subtus
prominentibus; inflorescentia axillaris sessilis multiflora densa ca.
1.5 cm. diam., pedicellis crassiusculis 4-5 mm. longis 'sparse puberulis;
calyx 2.5-3 mm. longus extus dense albido-strigosus ad medium
5-lobus, lobis ovalibus apice rotundatis dense ciliatis; corolla intense
purpurascens extus glabra 4.5 mm. longa, lobis 5 late oblongis apice
obtusissimis intus dense papilloso-puberulis tubo paullo longioribus;
coronae squamae late rhombeo-ovatae vix ultra 1 mm. longae;
stigma apice planum vel subplanum. Guatemala: Dept. Quezalte-
nango: Climbing on tree fern bordering forest, San Juan Patzulin,
alt. about 1,500 meters, January 6, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 33615
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).
This evidently is related to M. may ana Lundell, of British Hon-
duras and Guatemala, but in that the lateral nerves of the leaves
are more numerous and the calyx lobes are glabrous dorsally, while
the lobes of the corolla are shorter than the tube.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 227
VERBENACEAE
Aegiphila hoffmannioides Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Frutex 1.5-2.5 m. altus, ramis crassiusculis ad nodos aliquanto
dilatatis pallide ferrugineis glabris, internodiis 1.5-2 cm. longis;
folia modica graciliter petiolata crasse herbacea, petiolo 2-3.5 cm.
longo glabro; lamina elliptica vulgo 10-17 cm. longa vel ultra, 5-7.5
cm. lata, subabrupte longiuscule acuminata, basi acuta vel acumi-
nata, glabra, supra in sicco viridis opaca, subtus brunnescens, costa
crassiuscula subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
ca. 8 arcuatis angulo lato adscendentibus prominentibus, venis
inconspicuis; inflorescentiae axillares umbelliformes plerumque
triflorae petiolis breviores, pedunculo ca. 6 mm. longo gracili, pedi-
cellis minute puberulis 4-5 mm. longis; calyx glaber turbinatus
truncatus 3-4 mm. altus atque aequilatus; corolla flava ca. 7-8 mm.
longa extus glabra, tubo brevi crasso, lobis paullo inaequalibus
lanceolato-oblongis obtusis tubo bene longioribus. Guatemala:
Dept. Huehuetenango: Near Maxbal, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes,
about 17 miles north of Barillas, alt. 1,500 meters, July 15-16, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 48843 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
In gross characters this species resembles closely A. pauciflora
Standl. of British Honduras, but in that the calyx is abundantly
strigose on the outer surface, rather than glabrous.
Clerodendron mimicum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
epiphyticus ramosus, ramis crassis subteretibus ochraceis vel brun-
nescentibus, sparse villoso-hirsutis, internodiis foliis multo breviori-
bus; folia opposita brevi ter petiolata subcoriacea lucida, petiolo
crassiusculo 5-10 mm. longo villoso-piloso vel glabrato; lamina
elliptica vel elliptico-obovata, interdum subrhombeo-obovata, 5-12
cm. longa 3-7 cm. lata, obtusa vel subacuta, basi cuneata et saepe
decurrens, supra glabra, costa nervisque impressis, subtus fere con-
color, in axillis nervorum sparse villoso-pilosa, costa elevata, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere vulgo 4 gracilibus elevatis angulo semi-
recto adscendentibus arcuatis, venis inconspicuis laxissime reticu-
latis; flores axillares solitarii, vel pauci et fasciculati, pedicellis
gracilibus fere rectis fere 2.5 cm. longis sparse brevi ter pilosis; calyx
lobis inclusis 9-11 mm. longus sparsissime pilosulus vel fere glaber,
tubo campanulato apice ca. 5 mm. lato subtruncato, lobis approxi-
matis lineari-lanceolatis basi paullo dilatatis apicem versus sensim
attenuatis erectis vel adscendentibus tubo subaequalibus; corolla
intense purpureo-rubra extus glabra, tubo lato recto ca. 22 mm. longo
228 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
5 mm. lato sursum vix dilatato, lobis rotundo-ovatis apice rotundatis
3.5 mm. longis ciliolatis; stamina inclusa. Guatemala: Dept. Hue->
huetenango: Cerro Huitz, between Mimanhuitz and Yulhuitz,
Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,500-2,600 meters, July 14, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 48631 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept.
Zacapa: Volcan Gemelos, Sierra de las Minas, 2,100-3,200 meters,
January, 1942, Steyermark 43267; Sierra de las Minas, between Loma
El Picacho and Cerro de los Monos, 2,000-2,600 meters, Steyermark
42832.
In general appearance this species closely resembles C. pithecobium
Standl. & Steyerm., which grows in Guatemala in the departments of
Suchitepe"quez and Quezaltenango. It may be too closely related to
that species, which it resembles in every respect except the calyx,
which is decidedly different. The calyx in C. pithecobium is barely
half as large and has very short lobes that are widely separated at
the base.
SOLANACEAE
Lycianthes barbatula Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
3-4.5 m. altus, ramis gracilibus glabris; folia crasse membranacea
breviter petiolata, paris maxime inaequalia, petiolo gracili glabro
7-20 mm. longo; lamina foliorum majorum elliptico-oblonga vel
ovato-oblonga 7-16 cm. longa 2.8-6.5 cm. lata, acuta vel acuminata,
apice ipso obtuso, basi suboblique acuta vel obtusa, supra viridis
glabra, subtus vix pallidior secus costam sparse denseve pilis sordidis
longiusculis barbata, aliter glabra, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
6-7; folia minora paris breviter petiolata suborbicularia usque late
ovata vel rotundo-ovata plerumque 1-3 cm. longa et fere aequilata,
obtusa vel apice rotundata, basi rotundata; flores axillares fasciculati
pauci, pedicellis gracillimis 2-2.5 cm. longis glabris; calyx late cam-
panulatus 2.5 mm. longus glaber fere ad apicem appendicibus 5
linearibus vel filiformibus viridibus 3 mm. longis vel ultra onustus;
corolla late campanulata alba ca. 12 mm. longa glabra; stamina
aequalia, filamentis glabris antheris paullo longioribus, antheris
3 mm. longis oblongis; bacca globosa alba fere 1 cm. diam. Guate-
mala: Dept. Suchitepe"quez : Volcan de Santa Clara, between Finca
El Naranjo and upper slopes, alt. 1,250-2,650 meters, May 23, 1942,
Julian A. Steyermark 46653 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept.
Chimaltenango : Slopes of Volcan de Fuego, above Finca Montevideo,
along Barranco Espinazo, 1,200-1,600 meters, September, 1942,
Steyermark 52055.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 229
An apparently well-marked species, not particularly close to any
known previously from Guatemala, but related to the following new
species.
Lycianthes orogenes Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex vel
arbuscula 1.5-3 m. alta et ultra glabra, ramis gracilibus; folia mem-
branacea vel crasse membranacea petiolata paris valde inaequalia,
petiolo 7-25 mm. longo; lamina foliorum majorum oblongo-elliptica
vel elliptico-lanceolata vulgo 7-18 cm. longa et 1.5-5 cm. lata,
acuminata vel longiacuminata, acumine ipso obtuso, basi cuneato-
attenuata, subtus paullo pallidior, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
ca. 9; folia minora similia sed multo breviora 1.5-4.5 cm. longa, inter-
dum ovata vel lanceolato-ovata; flores axillares fasciculati pauci,
pedicellis gracillimis plerumque 2-2.5 cm. longis; calyx turbinato-
campanulatus 3 mm. longus basi acutus truncatus, prope apicem
appendicibus 5 erectis viridibus linearibus vix ultra 1 mm. longis
onustus; corolla alba late campanulata 7 mm. longa et ultra glabra;
stamina aequalia; fructus globosus ca. 8 mm. diam. Guatemala:
Dept. Chimaltenango: Southwestern slopes of Volcan de Fuego,
above Finca Montevideo, along Barranco Espinazo, alt. 1,200-1,600
meters, September 20, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 52104 (type in
Herb. Field Mus.) ; Panajabal, 1,350 meters, January, 1939, Standley
62118, 62136. Dept.. Quezaltenango: Volcan de Zunil, at and above
Aguas Amargas, February, 1939, Standley 65304; along old road
between Finca Pirineos and Patzulin, 1,200-1,400 meters, February,
1941, Standley 87146, 86997, 87013.
There are referred here also several other collections, from the
departments of Quezaltenango and Sacatepe"quez. The shrub is
common in the central and western mountains of Guatemala, but
we have found it in flower but once. It is related to L. barbatula,
described above, but seems constantly different in its quite glabrous
leaves and much shorter calyx appendages.
Physalis amphitricha (Bitter) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.
Saracha amphitricha Bitter, Repert. Sp. Nov. 20: 362. 1924. The
type of this species is Bernoulli & Carlo 2335, collected in Guatemala
between San Martin Sacatepe'quez and Las Mercedes, Quezalte-
nango. We have not seen type material, but Bitter's description
evidently relates to a plant common in moist or wet, mountain
forests of the departments of Quezaltenango and San Marcos. In
Guatemala we have made more than 20 collections of it, which
illustrate its slight variations. It is represented also by Purpus
230 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
6671 from Boqueron, Chiapas, Mexico. Bitter had only flowering
branches, and so was uncertain as to the generic position of the plant,
but he placed it in Saracha, suggesting, however, that it might
actually represent a distinct and new genus, for which he suggested
but did not properly publish the name Heterosaracha. He would
have been greatly surprised if he had seen the flowers develop into
fruits, for the fruits are exactly those of Physalis, and in no way
resemble fruits of Saracha.
The ample material of this and related forms now at hand repre-
sents a group of plants common in various regions of Guatemala.
We are describing on the following pages three segregates that seem
to represent valid species, differing constantly in the pubescence and
lobing of the calyx. There is some basis for treating these plants as a
distinct and new genus. They are all very large, tall, coarse, soft-
stemmed herbs that in habit and general appearance, when growing,
do not at all suggest Physalis. The corolla is rotate or nearly so,
deeply lobate and not plicate, densely pubescent outside and within,
and densely lanate or tomentose in the throat. The flowers are all
or nearly all fasciculate, while in Physalis proper they are solitary.
It would be safe and reasonable to treat these species as constituting
a separate genus if it were not for a group of three other species that
are more or less intermediate between them and typical Physalis.
The latter species are Physalis melanocystis (Robinson) Bitter of
San Luis Potosi, P. mayana Standl. of the Yucatan Peninsula and
Veracruz, and, probably, P. porphyrophysa Bonn. Smith, of Zacapa,
Guatemala, the last known only from fruiting specimens. P. por-
phyrophysa is a woody vine, and the other two species mentioned
also are decidedly ligneous. All these three species have fasciculate
flowers, but the corolla is somewhat campanulate (so far as it is
known), and not at all like that of Physalis amphitricha. P. melano-
cystis was referred by Robinson with question to Withania, an Old
World genus from which it differs little and perhaps only in geo-
graphic distribution. Although the shape of the corolla has been
much used as a basis for separating genera in the Solanaceae, and is
a quite satisfactory character in some cases, it is highly variable
and not always dependable. It therefore seems necessary, for the
present at least, to leave all the species mentioned here in Physalis.
They could be separated on the basis of their fasciculate rather than
solitary flowers, but this alone does not seem sufficient basis for a
generic segregation, although it is more definite than the characters
on which many of the genera of Solanaceae are based, and probably
does indicate a homogeneous group of some taxonomic importance.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 231
Physalis arnica Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba ramosa
erecta ca. 1.5 m. alta, caulibus crassiusculis dense sordido-villosis;
folia petiolata herbacea, petiolo 7-12 mm. longo dense villosulo;
lamina ovata vel elliptico-ovata interdum rhombeo-ovata vulgo
4-8 cm. longa atque 2-4.5 cm. lata, acuta vel breviter acuminata,
basi plus minusve obliqua acuta vel abrupte acuta, angulato-dentata
vel subintegra, utrinque sat dense pilis crassiusculis plurilocularibus
villosa; pedicelli fasciculati ca. 8 mm. longi superne incrassati dense
breviter villosuli; calyx 6-8 mm. longus campanulatus dense brevi-
terque villosulus fere ad medium 5-lobus, lobis ovatis acutis vel
acuminatis; corolla pallide luteo-viridis ca. 2.5 cm. lata fere rotata,
tubo lato brevi, extus intusque dense viscido-puberula, fauce dense
villosa vel tomentosa, profunde 5-loba, lobis ovatis obtusis vel
acutis; filamenta longa gracilia superne glabra, antheris filamentis
duplo brevioribus ca. 3 mm. longis oblongis; calyx fructifer non
visus. Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Along stream in moist or
wet forest, 2,500-3,000 meters, between La Vega ridge and northeast
slopes of Volcan de Tacana, along Rio Vega, February 20, 1940,
Julian A. Steyermark 36175 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Apparently a rare plant, and only one collection of it was made.
In most respects it is like P. amphitricha but is distinguished by its
densely villosulous rather than glabrous calyx, and by the abundant
pubescence on all vegetative parts.
Physalis calidaria Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba 1-1.5
m. alta erecta vel laxa et adscendens ramosa, caulibus gracilibus
dense brevi terque villosulis; folia petiolata membranacea, petiolo
vulgo 1-2 cm. longo dense villosulo; lamina ovata vel elliptica 6-17
cm. longa 3-8 cm. lata acuminata vel longiacuminata, basi acuta vel
obtusa et abrupte acuminata vel decurrens, supra viridis sparse
villosa, subtus pallidior sat dense villosa; inflorescentiae umbelli-
formes pauciflorae sessiles vel brevissime pedunculatae, pedicellis
gracillimis 10-15 mm. longis, villosulis vel puberulis; calyx late cam-
panulatus ca. 3 mm. altus et 5 mm. latus dense viscido-puberulus
vel villosulus, margine subintegro vel brevissime 5-lobo, lobis
latissime rotundatis vel subtruncatis; corolla rotata pallide luteo-
virescens ca. 2.5 cm. lata extus intusque dense viscido-puberula,
fauce dense villoso-lanosa, profunde 5-loba, lobis late ovatis ca. 8 mm.
longis atque 6 mm. latis obtusis vel acutiusculis; filamenta gracillima
glabra antheris fere duplo longiora, antheris ovalibus fere 3 mm.
longis; calyx fructifer ca. 2.5 cm. latus et aequilongus obtuse 5-angula-
tus basi depressus glaber vel glabratus, pallide viridis, conspicue retic-
232 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
ulato-venosus, venis elevatis. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango :
Fuentes Georginas, west slope of Volcan de Zunil, in wet mixed forest,
alt. about 2,850 meters, March 4, 1939, Paul C. Standley 67488 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.); same locality, 2,300-2,500 meters, February 3,
1941, Standley 85932, 85892, 85885. Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de
Tajumulco, between Todos Santos and Finca El Porvenir, 1,300-
3,000 meters, March, 1940, Steyermark 36988.
From P. amphitricha this species differs in its densely pubescent
and subtruncate calyx; from P. arnica in its subtruncate calyx.
Physalis chimalteca Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba vel
suffrutex ramosus erectus vel adscendens 1.5-2.5 m. altus, caulibus
sparse pilis laxis vel subadpressis villosis vel fere glabris; folia petio-
lata membranacea, petiolo vulgo 1.5-4 cm. longo sparse villosulo vel
glabro; lamina ovata usque elliptica vel late elliptica vulgo 5-11 cm.
longa atque 3-8.5 cm. lata acuta usque acuminata, apice ipso obtuso,
basi acuta usque obtusa vel subrotundata, plus minusve angulata
vel undulato-dentata vel subintegra, supra viridis sparsissime pilis
brevibus crassis villosula, subtus pallidior, sparse pilis crassis pluri-
locularibus praesertim prope costam villosula; inflorescentiae umbel-
liformes pauciflorae sessiles, pedicellis plerumque ca. 12 mm. longis
superne incrassatis glabris vel glabratis; calyx late campanulatus ca.
4.5 mm. altus et 6.5 mm. latus glaber vel glabratus, margine ciliato
undulato 5-lobatus, lobis brevissimis apiculatis vel subtruncatis;
corolla pallide lutescenti-viridis vel albido-viridescens ca. 2 cm. lata
rotata extus intusque dense viscido-puberula, fauce dense villoso-
lanosa, ca. 15 mm. longa, profunde 5-loba, lobis ovatis vel triangulari-
bus acutis vel acuminatis; filamenta antheris plus quam duplo
longiora glabra, antheris ovalibus 2.5 mm. longis vel paullo ultra;
calyx fructifer non visus. Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: Slopes
of Volcan de Acatenango, above Las Calderas, in dense wet Chi-
ranthodendron forest, alt. 2,400-2,700 meters, January 3, 1939, Paul
C. Standley 61803 (type in Herb. Field Mus.), 61965; Volcan de
Acatenango, 2,400 meters, February, 1907, W. A. Kellerman 6610.
Dept. Quiche" : San Miguel Uspantan, April, 1892, Heyde & Lux 3435
(probably referable here).
Resembling P. amphitricha in its glabrous calyx but in that
species the calyx is deeply lobate, with ovate lobes. Both P. arnica
and P. calidaria are distinguished by their densely pubescent calyces.
Solanum alpicum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba peren-
nis, interdum acaulis, caulibus interdum elongatis et usque ad 25 cm.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 233
longis, solitariis vel pluribus, sparse pilis longis laxis albis plurilo-
cularibus villosis, radicibus sine dubio tuberiferis, tuberibus non
visis; folia pinnata vel infima radicalia simplicia, 3-5-foliolata longi-
petiolata vulgo 5-10 cm. longa, interdum in plantis caulescentibus
multo longiora, rhachi nuda vel anguste alata sparse albo-villosa;
foliola valde inaequalia, inferioribus sensim decrescentibus, foliolo
terminal! elliptico, ovali vel elliptico-ovato 3-11 cm. longo et 1.5-6
cm. lato, lateralibus duplo brevioribus vel minoribus, foliolis omnibus
membranaceis integris, obtusis vel acutis, utrinque subtus densius
pilis longis albidis plurilocularibus crassiusculis villosis, basi acutis vel
subrotundatis obtusisve atque abrupte contractis, sessilibus; inflores-
centiae 1-pauciflorae foliis breviores, pedicellis gracillimis usque ad
3.5 cm. longis, vulgo duplo brevioribus, dense albo-villosis, supra
medium articulatis; calyx ca. 4 mm. longus viridis profunde lobatus,
sat dense villosus, segmentis ovatis acuminatis; corolla purpurea vel
alba 15-18 mm. longa extus sparse albo-villosa, limbo ut videtur
5-angulato; antherae luteae; bacca globosa glabra 1-1.5 cm. diam.
apice late rotundata. Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Cerro
Che'mal, summit of Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, alt. 3,700-3,800
meters, August 8, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 50303 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.); vicinity of Che'mal, 3,700 meters, August 8, 1942,
Steyermark 50247; near Che'mal, 3,300 meters, September, 1941,
John R. Johnston 1969; alpine areas, vicinity of Tunima, Sierra de
los Cuchumatanes, July, 1942, Steyermark 48369.
This plant is obviously related to S. demissum Lindl., a species of
the mountains of central and southern Mexico, and it is not certain
that the two are distinct. The Mexican material available for com-
parison is unsatisfactory, but, if one may depend upon the descrip-
tions of S. demissum, the Guatemalan plant is distinct, as one might
expect from its isolated range and the very high elevation at which
it occurs. Three of the collections consist of plants that are acaules-
cent or nearly so, while one consists of luxuriant caulescent plants
about 25 cm. high or larger, which probably grew in a protected
place. The region where the species grows is an alpine one, where
below-freezing temperatures are common during the winter months
of the North, and probably throughout the year. The plant is, of
course, a relative of Solanum tuberosum, and it is curious to note that
in the Che'mal region the only agriculture is potato growing. This,
however, is a coincidence. While most of the leaves in S. alpicum
are pinnate, the earliest leaves of the rosette-like clusters are simple
and long-petiolate, the succeeding ones bearing only a few very
greatly reduced leaflets on the upper part of the petiole.
234 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
Solatium fontium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex 2-3-
metralis omnino glaber ramosus, ramis vetustioribus insigniter
elevato-lenticellatis; folia modica petiolata membranacea solitaria
vel 2-3-nata integra, petiolo crassiusculo 1-3 cm. longo; lamina
lanceolato-oblonga medio vel prope basin latissima 7.5-20 cm. longa,
3-7 cm. lata, acuminata, basi inaequali obtusa vel subrotundata vel
acuta, subtus non barbata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 11
arcuatis; inflorescentia oppositifolia pedunculata, vulgo furcata sed
interdum simpliciter umbellata, pauci- vel multiflora, pedicellis
glabris usque 15 mm. longis; calyx campanulatus 3 mm. longus
glaber brevissime lobatus vel dentatus, dentibus obtusis; corolla
alba extus glabra ca. 6-7 mm. longa fere ad basin lobata, lobis ovato-
oblongis obtusis; antherae late oblongae 3 mm. longae; ovarium
glabrum; baccae non visae. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango:
Wet forest, Fuentes Georginas, western slope of Volcan de Zunil,
alt. 2,850 meters, March 4, 1939, Paul C. Standley 67473 (type in
Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 67492 with the same data; and from the
same locality, February, 1941, Standley 85928. Dept. San Marcos:
Wet forest along road above Barranco Eminencia, alt. 2,700 meters,
Standley 68502.
Related, evidently, to S. Rovirosanum Bonn. Smith, but appar-
ently fully distinct in its narrow leaves of different shape, with much
more acute or acuminate apex.
Solatium huehuetecum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Fruti-
culus ca. 30 cm. altus ramosus, inferne lignosus superne herbaceus,
ramis gracilibus sparse denseve stellato-pubescentibus; folia alterna
vel opposita subaequalia petiolata membranacea, petiolo gracillimo
7-15 mm. longo stellato-pubescente; lamina ovata vel lanceolato-
ovata, interdum deltoideo-ovata, vulgo 3-5 cm. longa et 1-2 cm.
lata, acuta vel acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi rotundata vel
obtusissima, supra viridis sparse pilis brevibus simplicibus pilosa,
subtus concolor sparse vel dense pilis albidis stipitatis pauciradiatis
stellato-pilosa, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 4-5, integra; inflores-
centiae extra-axillares pauciflorae sessiles vel subsessiles, pedicellis
gracillimis plerumque 2-2.5 cm. longis sparsissime stellato-pubes-
centibus vel glabris; calyx viridis campanulatus basi acutus 3 mm.
longus sparse stellato-puberulus fere ad medium 5-lobatus, lobis
ovatis obtusis vel acutis dorso 1-costatis; corolla alba stellato-cam-
panulata extus glabra ut videtur ca. 6-7 mm. longa (perfecta non
visa) ad medium 5-loba, lobis angustis attenuatis; antherae fere
sessiles oblongae ca. 3.5 mm. longae, antheris omnibus aequalibus;
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 235
bacca globosa glabra ca. 8 mm. diam., apice late rotundata. Guate-
mala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Above Democracia on trail to Jutal,
alt. 1,000 meters, August 23, 1942, Julian A. Steyermark 51039
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).
We are unable to suggest a close relative for this species, which
has no particularly outstanding characters but at the same time is
not at all similar to any other known from Central America.
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Tetranema roseum (Mart. & Gal.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb,
nov. Episcia rosea Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 9, pt. 2: 39. 1842.
T. mexicanum Benth. ex Lindl. Bot. Reg. pi. 52. 1843. Allophyton
mexicanum Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 77: 271. 1925. The
name Episcia rosea is not mentioned by Pennell in his account of this
genus (loc. cit.), but it is listed by Hemsley in Biologia Centrali-
Americana as a synonym of T. mexicanum. The type collection of
Episcia rosea (Galeotti 1905) is listed by Bentham in his account
of Tetranema (DC. Prodr. 10: 331. 1846), although he does not cite
the name applied to the same collection by Martens and Galeotti.
BIGNONIACEAE
Pseudocalymma Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. Frutex
scandens, ramis teretibus ochraceis, junioribus obtuse tetragonis vel
subteretibus viridibus glabris; folia magna 2.5-4 cm. longe petiolata;
foliola 2 crasse chartacea vel subcoriacea 1.5-2 cm. longe petiolulata
late elliptica vel ovato-elliptica 15-18 cm. longa 9-11 cm. lata abrupte
breviter acuminata, basi obtusa vel subrotundata, glabra, subtus
paullo pallidiora basi in axillis nervorum basalium dense impresso-
glandulosa, e basi trinervia, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 6,
venis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentiae axillares vel laterales
thyrsoideae 18-27 cm. longae 6-8 cm. latae multiflorae, ramis com-
pressis glabris, floribus longipedicellatis; calyx late campanulatus et
subinflatus crasse membranaceus 15-23 mm. longus 15-21 mm. latus,
glaber, margine brevissime 5-lobo, lobis subinaequalibus vix ultra
2.5 mm. longis 4-7 mm. latis; corolla pallide purpurea ca. 7 cm. longa,
tubo extus glabro 4.7 cm. longo 2 cm. lato, lobis ovato-rotundis apice
rotundatis 2.3 cm. longis 2.2 cm. latis, extus glanduloso-lepidotis;
stamina inclusa, filamentis glabris; antherae glabrae, loculis divari-
catis 4.5-4.8 mm. longis; discus annularis; ovarium oblongum minute
glanduloso-lepidotum. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Between
236 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
Finca Pirineos and Finca Soledad, lower southern slopes of Volcan
de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", alt.
1,300-1,400 meters, January 5, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 33533
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Local name "bejuco de ajo," a term given commonly to the
various vines of this family having a strong alliaceous odor. Its
large and somewhat inflated calyx distinguishes this plant from the
North American species of the genus. It probably is more nearly
related to P. alliaceum (Lam.) Sandwith, of the Guianas and Brazil,
of which we have seen no material. As described, that has a smaller
calyx and a much smaller corolla. A striking character of P. Stand-
leyi is the numerous large impressed glands on the lower leaf surface
in the axils of the basal nerves.
GESNERIACEAE
Solenophora abietorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Planta
terrestris herbacea vel suffrutescens erecta vel decumbens simplex
vel sparse ramosa 50 cm. alta et ultra, caule obtuse tetragono sparse
denseve pilis longis laxis albidis multilocularibus villoso; folia oppo-
sita subaequalia longipetiolata herbacea, petiolo gracili 3-3.5 cm.
longo laxe villoso; lamina elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, interdum ovata
vel obovato-elliptica 5.5-9.5 cm. longa 3-5.5 cm. lata, acuta vel bre-
viter acuminata, basi paullo inaequali rotundata vel obtusa, subad-
presse serrato-dentata, supra viridis densissime pilis laxis villosa, sub-
tus saepe vinacea ad nervos venasque dense laxeque villosa, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere ca. 7; pedicelli axillares solitarii 1-2.5 cm.
longi dense villosi; calyx 12-17 mm. longus late campanulatus
viridis dense villosus, tubo campanulato ca. 4 mm. longo, limbo
breviter 5-lobo, lobis subrotundatis semiorbicularibus 3-4 mm. longis
integris vel obsolete denticulatis; corolla lutea 3.5-4 cm. longa vel
paullo ultra extus sparse villosa vel fere glabra, tubo superne sensim
ampliato fauce non contracto et ca. 1 cm. lato, limbo ca. 3-3.5 cm.
lato intus ad faucem sparse villosulo, subregulari, brevissime lobato;
filamenta glabra; stylus villosulus. Guatemala: Dept. Huehuete-
nango: Cerro Huitz, between Mimanhuitz and Yulhuitz, Sierra de
los Cuchumatanes, alt. 1,500-2,600 meters, July 14, 1942, Julian A.
Steyermark 48643 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); also no. 48637, with
the same data; in cloud forest with Abies guatemalensis, Cerro
Canana, between Nucapuxlac and Canana, Sierra de los Cuchu-
matanes, 2,500-2,800 meters, July 18, 1942, Steyermark 49067.
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 237
The plant represents a species very different from the others
known in Guatemala, and we have been unable to find a close ally
among any of the Mexican or other Central American species. The
large, bright yellow corollas are marked inside with interrupted
brown lines or dashes.
ACANTHACEAE
Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau, f. lutea Standl. & Steyerm.,
f . nov. A forma typica speciei non nisi corollis intense luteis differt.
Guatemala: Dept. Escuintla: Wooded barranco of Rio Gavilan,
northeast of Escuintla, alt. 720 meters, March 16, 1941, Paul C.
Standley 89560 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
A shrub 1.5 meters high; corollas deep yellow. Aphelandra
gigantiflora is a rather common and handsome shrub in the Guate-
malan foothills near the Pacific coast, and numerous collections have
been made of it there. Invariably, except for this single collection,
it has been found to have brilliant deep red corollas. In other
Central American Acanthaceae the color of the corolla is constant
except for minor variations in intensity. One would normally expect
that a yellow-flowered plant would be specifically distinct from
A. gigantiflora, but we find no other differences between this color
variant and the rest of the Central American specimens.
Carlowrightia myriantha Standl., comb. nov. Justicia myri-
antha Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 8: 45. 1930.
Beloperone montana Standl. & Leonard, sp. nov. Herba
decumbens, caulibus adscendentibus dense bifariam villosis, pilis
fulvis patulis; lamina foliorum elliptico-ovata, obtusa vel acutiuscula,
apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata in petiolum decurrens, Integra,
supra subdense pilosula, pilis curvatis, subfulvis, subtus purpurea,
adpresso-pilosula; spicae breves erectae in paniculam terminalem
angustam aggregatae, rhachibus dense subquadrifariam fulvo-villo-
sis; bracteae oblongo-spathulatae, hirsutae, pilis subflavis, plerisque
marginalibus; calycis segmenta lineari-subulata, tenuia, subhyalina,
dense pilosa, pilis rectis patulis plerisque marginalibus; corolla pur-
purea, labio superiore oblongo brevi bilobato, inferiore ovato trilo-
bate, lobis rotundatis; capsulae clavatae, hirtellae, pilis apicem
versus patulis, basin versus retrorsis.
Decumbent herb up to 25 cm. long or more; stems ascending,
often rooting at the lower nodes, densely villous in 2 lines, the hairs
238 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
more or less matted, light yellowish brown, spreading, up to 2 mm.
long, the cystoliths numerous, subpunctiform; leaf blades elliptic-
ovate, up to 11 cm. long and 6.5 cm. wide, obtuse or acutish, nar-
rowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, membranaceous, entire,
FIG. 1. Beloperone montana Standl. & Leonard, sp. nov. (Steyermark 41939):
a, plant; 6, bracts; c, calyx segment; d, hair from bract; e, anther and portion of
filament (a, X K; b, c, X 2; d, about X 15; e, about X 4).
the cystoliths 0.25 to 0.5 mm. long, straight, fairly conspicuous on
the upper surface, absent beneath; upper surface dark green (teste
Steyermark), rather densely pilosulous, the hairs curved, brownish,
up to 1 mm. long, the costa and lateral veins (5 or 6 pairs) slightly
raised; lower surface purple with green margins (teste Steyermark),
rather uniformly appressed-pilosulous, the hairs curved, 0.5 mm.
long or less; petioles about 1 cm. long, densely villous except in the
open channels, the cystoliths numerous, subpunctiform ; flowers borne
in a narrow terminal pedunculate panicle up to 15 cm. long and 3 cm.
broad, consisting of short erect spikes up to -3 cm. long and 1 cm.
broad; rachis densely villous, the hairs up to 2 mm. long, yellowish
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 239
brown, disposed more or less in 4 lines; bracts in 3's, pale green
(teste Steyermark), oblong-spatulate, the middle one 13 mm. long,
4 mm. wide near the middle, the lateral ones 12 mm. long and 2 mm.
wide, all rounded at apex, narrowed to a flat base 1.5 mm. wide,
rather prominently veined, hirsute, the hairs up to 2 mm. long,
yellowish brown, confined chiefly to the margins and veins; calyx
8 mm. long, the segments linear-subulate, thin, subhyaline, rather
densely pilose, the hairs up to about 1 mm. long; corolla dark and
pale purple (teste Steyermark), about 5 mm. long (immature), the
upper lip oblong, shallowly 2-lobed, the lower lip ovate, 3-lobed, the
lobes rounded; anther sacs parallel, about 2 mm. long, one attached
slightly above the other, the upper one acute at base, the lower one
appendaged, the tail slightly less than 0.5 mm. long; capsule 1 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad, abruptly pointed at apex, narrowed from about
the middle to a flattened stipitate solid base 2 to 2.5 mm. broad,
hirtellous, the hairs 0.5 mm. long, spreading or ascending toward
the tip, those of the lower portions retrorse; seeds (immature)
light brown, flattened; retinacula about 2 mm. long, rounded or
obtuse at tip. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: On uppermost summit of
Cerro San Gil, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, December 26-27, 1941, Julian
A. Steyermark 41939 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Closely related to Beloperone Brenesii Leonard, of Costa Rica,
differing chiefly in its much larger leaf blades, relatively shorter
petioles, and much larger inflorescences. Plants of B. Brenesii are
taller (up to 40 cm. high or more), the leaf blades 5 cm. long and 3 cm.
wide or less, and the flowers borne in a terminal spike or thyrse
up to 10 cm. long and usually not exceeding 4 cm. The pubescence
and the shape and arrangement of the bracts are very similar in the
two species.
Dicliptera guttata Standl. & Leonard, sp. nov. Frutex dif-
fusus vel suffrutex grandis diffusus, caulibus subhexagonis pubes-
centibus, pilis curvatis; lamina foliorum ovata vel oblongo-ovata,
breviter acuminata, apice ipso obtuso, basi angustata, in petiolum
decurrens, membranacea, Integra, hirsutula; petioli graciles, parce
pubescentes; cymae axillares et terminales, sessiles vel breviter
pedunculatae, compactae, compositae, cymae primariae bracteis
subulatis dense ciliatis suffultae, cymae secundariae bracteis inae-
qualibus, longioribus obovatis, brevioribus oblongis, ambobus sub-
obtusis vel subacutis apice apiculatis, viridibus et purpureo-macu-
latis, dense ciliatis suffultae; bracteae floriferae lineares, dense
ciliatae; calycis segmenta anguste linearia, ciliata; corolla purpurea,
240 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 23
tenuiter pubescens, labio superiore integro, inferiore brevissime
trilobo; capsulae ovales, planae, hirtellae, pilis erectis vel retrorsis.
Sprawling shrubs or large suffrutescent herbs up to 1 meter high
or more; stems dull green, subhexagonal, pubescent, the hairs up
to 0.75 mm. long, variously curved; leaf blades ovate to oblong-ovate,
up to 10 cm. long and 4 cm. wide, acuminate (the tip itself blunt),
FIG. 2. Dicliptera guttata Standl. & Leonard, sp. nov. (Steyermark 42396):
a, portion of stem; b, inflorescence; c, bract subtending the primary cyme; d, e,
bracts subtending the secondary cymes; /, bract subtending a flower; g, calyx; h,
upper portion of corolla; i, expanded capsule (a, b, X /4; c-i, XI).
narrowed at base and decurrent on the petiole, membranous, entire,
the cystoliths of both surfaces scattered, inconspicuous, 0.25 to 0.5
mm. long, the upper surface grass-green (teste Steyermark), hirsutu-
lous, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, appressed or subappressed, or the
costa pubescent with small curved hairs, both costa and lateral veins
(6 or 7 pairs) slightly raised, slender but rather prominent, the lower
surface pale dull green (teste Steyermark), rather coarsely hirsutulous,
especially on the veins, the hairs up to 0.75 mm. long, straight or
curved; petioles slender, up to 5 cm. long, sparingly pubescent; flow-
ers borne in crowded, compound, terminal or axillary cymes up to 2.5
cm. long and 3 cm. broad, these subsessile or borne on pubescent
STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS VII 241
peduncles up to 1 cm. long, the hairs white, straight or curved, up to
1 mm. long, the primary cymes composed usually of 3 secondary
cymes, these in turn composed of 2, 3, or more subsessile flowers;
bracts subtending the primary cymes subulate, 6 mm. long, 1 mm.
wide at base, ciliate; bracts subtending the secondary cymes unequal,
one obovate, 14-16 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, the other oblong, 10-12
mm. long and 3-4 mm. wide, both obtusish, apiculate, narrowed at
base, pubescent and ciliate, dull green and (especially the larger of
the two) bearing conspicuous magenta-brown specks and mottlin
