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I
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Fortstff
no. 50
t)
Si ■■-)
PROCEEDINGS
or
The American Association
POR THB
ADVANCEMENT OF SGIENGE,
FIt!*TY-THIRD MEETING
HELD AT
ST. LOUIS. MO.
DECEMBER, 1903-JANUARY, 1904.
PUBLISHED BY THE PERMANENT SECRETARY
1904
■IltVBD WW
Tm O. HOWARD,
Permanent Stcrttary
PRESS OK GIBSON BROS.
WASHINGTON, D. C.
•• • • •
• *
v,^'
CONTENTS.
Officers of the St. Louis Meeting .....
Members of the Council of the St. Louis Meeting
Local Committees of the St. Loitis Meeting ....
Officers for the Philadelphia Meeting ....
Members of the Council for the Philadelphia Meeting
Special Committees of the Association ....
Meetings and Officers of the Association of American Geolo-
gists and Naturalists
List of Meetings of the Association
Officers of the Meetings of the Association
Act of Incorporation ....
Constitution .....
Members of the Association
Surviving Founders
Patrons ....
Honorary Fellows
Members and Fellows
Incorporated Scientific Bodies
Geographical Distribution of Members
Deceased Members
IN GENERAL SESSION.
Address by Ira Rbmsen, thb Retiring President op
THE Association .......
SECTION A. MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY.
Officers OP Section A .
Address of Vice-President G. B. Halstrd
Papers Read .........
SECTION B. PHYSICS.
Officers of Section B ......
Papers Read .........
SECTION C. CHEMISTRY.
Officers of Section C ..... .
Address of Vice-President Charles Baskerville
Papers Read .........
PACB
5
7
8
lO
13
13
15
i6
17
a8
39
40
40
40
41
196
197
325
329
348
349
373
37*
37P
386
387
443
<3;
PACK.
SECTION D. MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING.
Oppicbrs of Section D . . .
Address op Vice-President C. A. Waldo
Papers Read ......
448
449
465
SECTION E. GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY.
Officers op Section E ..... .
Address of Vice-President W. M. Davis
Papers Read ........
470
47^
503
SECTION F. ZOOLOGY.
Officers of Section F . . . .
Address op Vice-President C. W. Hargitt
Papers Read .......
5^0
535
SECTION G. BOTANY.
Officers op Section G
Papers Read . .
540
541
SECTION H. ANTHROPOLOGY.
Officers of Section H
Papers Read
546
547
SECTION L SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SCIENCE.
Officers of Section I ...... . 550
Address op Vice-President H. T. Newcomb . 551
Papers Read ......... 579
SECTION K. PHYSIOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL
MEDICINE.
Officers of Section K ......
5«2
EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
Report of the General Secretary
Report of the Treasurer . . . .
Report of the Permanent Secretary
Cash Account of the Permanent Secretary
587
604.
605
600
(4)
Officers of the St. Louis Meeting.
PRESIDENT.
Carroll D. Wright, Commissioner of Labor, Washington, D. C.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
A. Mathematics and Astronomy — Otto H. Tittmann, Coast and
Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C.
B. Physics — E. H. Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
C. Chemistry — W. D. Bancroft, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
D. Mechanical Science and Engineering — C. M. Woodward, Wash«
ington University, St. Louis, Mo.
E. Qeology and Geography — I. C. Russell, University of Michi-
gan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
F. Zoology — Edw. L. Mark, Harvard University,Cambridge, Mass.
G. Botany — T. H. MacBridb, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
H. Anthropology — M. H. Saville, American Museum of Natural
History, New York, N. Y.
I. Social and Economic Science — Simeon £. Baldwin, New Haven,
Conn.
K. Physiology and Experimental Medicine — H. P. Bowditch, Har-
vard University, Cambridge, Mass.
PERMANENT SECRETARY.
L. O. Howard, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.
GENERAL SECRETARY.
Ch. Wardell Stiles. Public Health and Marine Hospital Service,
Washington, D. C.
SECRETARY OP THE COUNCIL.
Charles S. Howe, Case School, Cleveland, Ohio
(s)
OFFICERS OP THE ST. LOUIS MEETING.
SECRETARIES OP THE SECTIONS.
ji. Mathematics and Astronomy — L. G. Weld, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa.
B. Physics — Dayton C. Miller, Case School, Cleveland. Ohio.
C. Chemistry — Charles L. Parsons, New Hampshire College,
Durham, N. H.
D. Mechanical Science and Engineering — Wm. T. Magruder, Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio.
B. Qeology and Geography — G. B. Shattuck, Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity, Baltimore, Md.
F. Zoology — C. JuDSON Herrick, Denison University, Granville,
Ohio.
Q. Botany — P. E. Lloyd, Teachers' College, New York, N. Y.
H. Anthropology — Gborob H. Pepper, American Museum of
Natural History, New York, N. Y.
I. Social and Economic Science — J. F. Crowbll, Bureau of Sta-
tistics, Washington, D. C.
K. Physiology and Experimental Medicine — F. S. Lee, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y.
TREASURER.
R. S. Woodward, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y.
ASSISTANT SECRETARY.
Richard S. Clifton, Washington, D. C
l6)
Members of Council of the St. Louis Meeting.
Past Presidents. — Simon Nbwcomb, Washington; Gborgb P.
Barker, Philadelphia; George J. Brush, New Haven; C. A.
Young, Princeton; Edward S. Morse, Salem; Samuel P. Lang-
ley, Washington; T. C. Mendenhall, Worcester; George L.
Goo DAL E.Cambridge; Albert B. Prescott, Ann Arbor; Edward
W. Morley, Cleveland; Theodore Gill, Washington; Wolcott
GiBBS, Newport; F. W. Putnam. Cambridge; G. K. Gilbert, Wash-
ington; R. S. Woodward, New York; C. S. Minot, Boston; Asaph
Hall, South Norfolk; Ira Remsen, Baltimore.
Vice-Presidents of the Pittsburg Meeting. — G. W. Hough, Evans-
ton; W. S. Franklin, South Betnlehem; H. A. Weber, Columbus;
J. J. Flathbr, Minneapolis; O. A. Derby, Sao Patilo; C. C. Nut-
ting, Iowa City; D. H. Campbell, Stanford University; Stewart
Culin, Philadelphia; Carroll D. Wright, Washington; W. H.
Welch, Baltimore.
Vice-Presidents of the Washington Meeting. — George Bruce
Halsted. Austin; E. P. Nichols, Hanover; Charles Basker-
yillb. Chapel Hill; C. A. Waldo, Lafayette; Wm. M. Davis,
Cambridge; C. W. * Hargitt, Syracuse; F. V. Covillb, Wash-
ington; George A. Dorsey. Chicago; H. T. Newcomb, Phila-
delphia; W. H. Welch. Baltimore.
Officers for the St. Louis Meeting. — Carroll D. Wright, Wash-
ington; O. H. Tittmann, Washington; E. H. Hall. Cambridge;
W^ D. Bancroft, Ithaca; C. M. Woodward, St. Louis; I. C.
Russell, Ann Arbor; E. L. Mark, Cambridge; T. H. MacBridb,
Iowa City; M. H. Saville, New York; S. E. Baldwin, New
Haven; fl. P. Bowditch, Cambridge; L. O. Howard, Washing-
ton; Ch. Wardell Stiles, Washington; Charles S. Howe,
Cleveland: L. G. Weld, Iowa City; Dayton C. Miller, Cleveland;
C. L. Parsons, Durham; Wm. T. Magruder, Columbus; G. B.
Shattuck, Baltimore; C. Judson Herrick, Granville; F. E.
Lloyd, New York; Geo. H. Pepper, New York; J. P. Crowbll,
Washington; F. S.Lee, New York; R. S. Woodward, New York.
From the Association at Large. — To hold over until successors are
elected. A Fellow from each Section: J. M. Van Vleck, Middle-
town; H. S. Carhart, Ann Arbor; F. W. Clarke, Washington;
J. F. H A YPORD, Washington; U.S.Grant, Evanston; C. L. Mar-
L ATT, Washington; G. F. Atkinson. Ithaca; W J McGee, St. Lotiis;
Marcus Benjamin, Washington; R. H. Chittenden, New Haven.
Elected by the Council. — (For one year) J. McK. Cattell, U. S.
Grant, Wm. Kent; (for two years) J. M. Coulter, A. A. No yes,
H. F. Osborn; (for three years) Franz Boas, E. L. Nichols,
W. F. Wilcox.
From the Affiliated Societies. — American Chemical Society: John
H. Long, Wm. A. No yes; Geological Society of America: N. H.
WiNCHELL, H. L. Fairchild; Botanical Society of America: Arthur
Hollick, H. M. Richards; Society for the Promotion of Agri-
cultural Science: W. J. Bbal, H. E. Alvord; American Microscop-
ical Society: J. C. Smith, A. M. Holmes; American Psychological
Association: E. C. Sanford; American Society of Naturalists:
W. T. Sedgwick; Association of Economic Entomologists: E. P.
Felt, James Fletcher; American Anthropological Association:
W. H. Holmes, Franz Boas; Astronomical and Astrophysical
Society of America: C. L. Doolittle, G. C. Comstock; American
Physical Society: A. G. Webster, Ernest Merritt; Society of
American Bacteriologists: W. H. Welch,
(7)
Local Officers and Committees of the St. Louis
Meeting.
HONORARY PRESIDENT.
David R. Francis.
President Wm. Trelease.
First Vice-President C. M. Woodward.
Second Vice-President F. Louis Soldan.
Third Vice-President R. H. Jesse.
Secretary A. S. Langsdorp.
Treasurer Wm. H. Thomson.
BXBCUTIVB COMMITTEE.
Wm. Trelease, Chairman.
Geo. H. Morgan, Secretary,
W. S. Chaplin, F. E. Nipher,
Wm. Taussig, H. C. Townsend,
John Schroers, Wm. H. Thomson,
Walter B. Stevens, A. S. Langsdorp.
FINANCE COMMITTEE.
Wm. H. Thomson, Chairman,
Murray Carleton, Chas. £. Ware,
Jas. G. Gilmorb, Arthur Thacher,
l. d. kingsland, c. h. huttig,
H. DaUGHADAY, J. H. DiBCKMAN.
HALL AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR CONVENTION.
Wm. Taussig, Chairman.
Howard J. Rogers, W. S. Chaplin,
F. Louis Soldan, W. J. S. Bryan,
A. S. Langsdorp, S. Leavett.
PRESS AND PRINTING.
John Schroers, Chairman.
Howard J. Rogers, Otto Heller,
Jos. A. Graham, Ben Blewitt,
John M. Kartell, John F. Manger,
E. C. Eliot, W. Marion Reedy,
John L. Vanornum, H. M. Whelpley,
Arthur W. Douglas, Arthur O. Lovejoy,
Henry King, V. Moth Porter.
Geo. S. Johns,
(8)
LOCAL OFFICERS AND COMMITTEES OF THE ST. LOUIS MEETING.
RECEPTION AND ENTERTAINMENT.
W. S. Chaplin, Chairman.
Prof, and Mrs. Wm. Trelease, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Bryan,
Gov. and Mrs. D. R. Francis, Mr. and Mrs. John Fowler,
Mr. and Mrs. J. L. Mauran, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Van Blarcom,.
Mr. and Mrs. F.D.Hirschberg, Miss Mary Lionbergbr,
RoBT. S. Brookings, Mr. and Mrs. G. O. Carpenter,
Theophile Papin. Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Lee,
Mr. and Mrs. Hiram Phillips, Mr. and Mrs. Festus J. Wade,
Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Fordye, Jr., Mr. and Mrs. John Schroers,
Mr. and Mrs. G. D. Markham, Mr. and Mrs. Charles Nagel,
Mr. and Mrs. Julius S. Walsh, R. H. Whitelaw.
Mr. and Mrs. J. A. Ockbrson, Mr. and Mrs. Adolphus Busch,.
Mr. and Mrs. G. C. Hitchcock, Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Hoyt,
Mr. and Mrs.T. H.McKittrick, Judge and Mrs. D. G. Taylor,
Prof, and Mrs. H. C. Ives, Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Capen,
J. F. Lee, Mrs. W. S. Chaplin.
£. S. Robert,
HOTELS AND BOARDING HOUSES.
Walter B, Stevens, Chairman.
W. F. Saunders, Henry Rustin,
L. £. Anderson, Hanford Crawford,
J. S. HiGGINS, E. S. HOCH.
TRANSPORTATION.
H. C. TowNSEND, Chairman.
Geo. J. Tansey, Vice-Chairman.
C. C. McCarthy, J. M. Chesbrough,
C. S. Crane, J. M. Beall,
D. H. Martyn, F. D. Gilderslbve,
£. W. Labeaume, D. Bowes,
G. B. Allen, C. L. Hilleary,
V. W. Fisher, J. E. Davenport,
W. Steele, Geo. Morton,
Bryan Snyder, L. W. Wakeley,
A. Hilton, E. A. Williams.
Ed. Keane,
INCREASE IN MEMBERSHIP.
F. E. Nipher, Chairman.
C. M. Woodward, Herman von Schrenk.
(9^
Officers for the Philadelphia Meeting.
PRESIDENT.
W. G. Farlow, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
A. Mathematics and Astronomy — Alexander Ziwbt, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
B. Physics — Wm. F. Maoib, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
C. Chemistry — Leonard P. Kinnicutt, Poljrtechnic Institute,
Worcester, Mass.
D. Mechanical Science and Engineering — David S. Jacobus, Ste-
vens Institute, Hoboken, N. J.
E. Qeology and Geography — Eugene A. Smith, University, Ala.
F. Zoology — C. Hart Merriam, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C.
Q. Botany — B. L. Robinson, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Mass.
H. Anthropology — Walter Hough, U. S. National Museum, Wash-
ington, D. C.
I. Social and Economic Science — Martin A. Knapp, U. S. Inter-
state Commerce Commission, Washington, D. C.
K. Physiology and Experimental Medicine — H. P. Bowditch, Har-
vard University, Cambridge, Mass.
PERMANENT SECRETARY.
L. O. Howard, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.
GENERAL SECRETARY.
Charles S. Howe, Case School, Cleveland, Ohio.
SECRETARY OF THE COUNCIL.
Clarence A. Waldo, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.
(lO)
OFFICERS FOR THB PHILADBLPHIA MBBTING.
SECRETARIES OF THB SECTIONS.
A. Mathematics and Astronomy — L. G. Weld, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa.
B. Physics — Dayton C. Millbr, Case School, Cleveland, Ohio.
C. Chemistry — Charles L. Parsons, New Hampshire College,
Durham, N. H.
D. Mechanical Science and Engineering — Wm. T. Magruder, Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio.
E. Geology and Geography — Edmund O. Hovby, American Museum
of Natural History, New York, N. Y.
F. Zoology — C. JuDSON Hbrrick, Denison University, Granville,
Ohio.
Q. Botany-— P. E. Lloyd, Teachers' College, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y.
H. Anthropology — George H. Pepper, American Museum of Nat-
ural History, New York, N. Y.
I. Social and Economic Science->J. F. Crowell, Bureau of Sta-
tistics, Washington, D. C.
K. Physiology and Experimental Medicine— (Vacancy to be filled.)
TREASURER.
R. S. Woodward, Columbia University.
fii)
Members of Council (or the Philadelphia Meeting.
Past Presidents. — Simon Newcomb, Washington; George F.
Barker, Philadelphia; George J. Brush, New Haven; C. A.
Young, Princeton; Edward S. Morse, Salem; Samuel P. Lang-
ley, Washington; T. C. Mendenhall, Worcester; George L.
GooDALE, Cambridge; Albert B. Prescott, Ann Arbor; Edward
W. MoRLEY, Cleveland; Theodore Gill, Washington; Wolcott
GiBBS, Newport; F. W. Putnam, Cambridge; G. K. Gilbert,
Washington; R. S. Woodward, New York; C. S. Mi not, Boston;
Asaph Hall, South Norfolk; Ira Remsen, Baltimore; Carroll
D. Wright, Washington.
Vice-Presidents of the Washington Meeting. — George Bruce
Halsted, Austin; E. F. Nichols, New York; Charles Basker-
viLLE, Chapel Hill; C. A. Waldo, Lafayette; Wm. M. Davis,
Cambridge; C. W. Hargitt, Syracuse; F. V. Coville, Washing-
ton; George A. Dorse y, Chicago; H. T. Newcomb, Philadelphia;
W. H. Welch, Baltimore.
Vice-Presidents of the St. Louis Meeting. — O. H. Tittman, Wash-
ington; E. H. Hall, Cambridge; W. D. Bancroft, Ithaca; C. M.
m>ODWARD, St. LoTiis; I. C. Russell, Ann Arbor; E. L. Mark,
Cambridge; T. H. MacBridb, Iowa City; M. H. Saville, New
York; S. E. Baldwin, New Haven; H. P. Bowditch, Cambridge;
Officers for the Philadelphia Meeting. — W. G. Farlow, Cam>
bridge; Alexander Ziwet, Ann Arbor; Wm. F. Magie, Princeton;
Leonard P. Kinnicutt, Worcester; David S. Jacobus, Hoboken;
Eugene A. Smith, University; C. Hart Merriam, Washington;
B. L.Robinson, Cambridge; Walter Hough, Washington; Mar-
tin A. Knapp, Washington; H. P. Bowditch, Cambridge; L. O.
Howard, Washington; Charles S. Howe, Cleveland; Clarence:
A. Waldo, Lafayette; L. G. Weld, Iowa City; Dayton C. Miller,.
Cleveland; Charles L. Parsons, Durham; Wm. T. Magruder,
Columbus; Edmund O. Hovey, New York; C. Judson Herrick,.
Granville; F. E. Lloyd, New York; George H. Pepper, New
York; J. F. Crowell, Washington; R. S. Woodward, New York.
From the Association at Large. — To hold over until successors
are elected. A Fellow from each Section: Ormond Stone, Char-
lottesville; D. B. Brace, Lincoln; E. H. S. Bailey, Lawrence;
J. BuRKiTT Webb, Hoboken; Eugene A. Smith, University;
A. M. Bleile, Columbus; G. F. Atkinson, Ithaca; W J McGee,
St. Louis; Marcus Benjamin, Washington; R. H. Chittenden,
New Haven.
Elected by the Council. — (For one year) J. M. Coulter, A. A.
Noyes. H. F. Osborn; (for two years) Franz Boas. E. L. Nichols,
W. F. Wilcox; (for three years) Edgar F. Smith, H. B. Ward,
Wm. Trelease.
From the Affiliated Societies. — American Chemical Society: John
H. Long, Wm. A. Noyes; Geological Society of America: N. H.
Winchell, H. L. Fairchild; Botanical Society of America:
Arthur Hollick, H. M. Richards; Society for the Promotion of
Agricultural Science: W. J. Beal, H. E. Alvord; American Mi-
croscopical Society; T. J. Burrill, Henry B. Ward; American
Psychological Association: Wm. L. Bryan; American Society of
Naturalists: Wm. Trelease, E. L. Mark; Association of Eco-
nomic Entomologists: E. P. Felt, Tames Fletcher; American
Anthropological Association: W^. H. Holmes, Franz Boas; Astro-
nomical and Astrophysical Society of America: G. C. Comstock,
W. S. Eichelberger; American Physical Society: A. G. Web-
ster, Ernest Merritt; Society of American Bacteriologists:
W. H. Welch.
(12)
special Committees oi the Association.^
I. Auditors,
Emory McCtiNxocK, Morristown, and G. K. Gilbert, Washington.
2. Committee on Indexing Chemical Literature.
Jas. Lewis Howe, Chairman, F. W. Clarke, H. W. Wiley, A. B.
Prescott, Alfred Tuckerman.
3. Committee on the Policy of the Association,
The President, Chairman, The Permanent Secretary, The
Treasurer, C. S. Minot, H. L. PAiRCHiLb, .
4. Committee on Standards of Measurements.
T. C. Mendenhall, Chairman, E. W. Morley, E. L. Nichols,
R. S. Woodward, H. S. Carhart. With power to add to its
number.
5. Committee on the Association Library.
F. W. C1.ARKB, Chairman, A. W. Butler, W. L. Dudley,
Thomas French, Jr.
6. Committee on Anthropometric Measurements,
J. McK. Cattell, W. W. Newell, W J McGee, Franz Boas.
7. Committee for the Collection of Information Relative to Forestry.
W. H. Brewer, Chairman, Gippord Pinchot, Arnold Hague.
8. Committee on the Quantitative Study of Biological Variation.
Franz Boas, Chairman, J, McK. Cattell, C. S. Minot, C. H.
ElGENMANN, C. B. DaVENPORT.
9 Committee on the Protection and Preservation of Objects of
Archaeological Interest.
, Chairman, F. W. Putnam, N. H. Winchell,
G. K. Gilbert, A. W. Butler, George A. Dorsey.
10. Committee on the Study of Blind Vertebrates,
Theodore Gill, Chairman, A. S. Packard, C. O. Whitman,
S. H. Gage, H. C. Bumpus, C. H. Eigenmann.
> All Committees are expected to present their reports to the Council not later than the
third day of the meeting. Committees sending their reports to the Permanent Secretary one
month before a meeting can have them printed for use at the meeting.
(«3)
SPECIAL C0M1IITTBB8 OP THE ASSOCIATION.
II. Committee on the Teaching of Anthropology in America,
W J McGee, Chairman, G. G. MacCurdy, ,
Franz Boas, W. H. Holmes.
12. Committee on the Relations of the Journal ** Science ** with the
Association.
Simon Newcomb, Chairman, G. K. Gilbert. J. McK. Cattell,
The President, The Permanent Secretary, The Treasurer.
13. Committee- on the Relations of Plants and Climate.
William Trelease, Chairman, D. T. MacDougal, J. M.
Coulter.
14. Committee on the Atomic Weight of Thorium.
Charles Baskerville, Chairman, P. P. Venablb, Jambs
Lewis Howe,
15. Committee on the Velocity of Light,
W. S. Franklin, Chairman, D. B. Brace, E. F. Nichols.
'i4>
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III
III
llll
Meetings
Place
Date
Members in
attendance
Number of
memben
X
Philadelphia
Sept. ao, X848
?
461
a
Cambridge
Aug. X4, X849
?
540
3
CharlettoD
Mar. la, X850
?
6a*
4
New Haven
Aug. 19, X850
?
704
5
Cincinnati
May 5, X851
87
800
6
Albany
•Aug, 19, X85X
>94
7«9
7
Cleveland
July a8, X853
?
940
8
Washington
April a6, 1854
x68
X004
9
Providence
Aug. 15. « 855
166
605
xo
ad Albany
Aug. ao, 1856
381
7«
XI
Montreal
Aug. xa, 1857
35X
946
xa
Baltimore
April a8, 1858
190
96a
«3
Springfield
Aug. 3. X859
190
86a
«4
Newport
Aug. r, i860
X35
644
X5
Buffalo
Aug. X5, x866
79
637
x6
Burlington
Aug. a 1, 1867
73
4>5
«7
Chicago
Aug. 5, x868
959
686
i8
Salem
Aug. 18, X869
•44
5»x
«9
Troy
Aug. 17, X870
x88
536
ao
Indianapolis
Aug. x6, 187X
196
668
ai
Dubuque
Aug. 15, x87a
164
610
aa
Portland
Aug. ao, 1873
>95
670
«3
Hartford
Aug. xa, X874
aa4
73a
U
Detroit
Aug. XI, X 875
165
807
as
ad Buffalo
Aug. a3, 1876
ax5
867
a6
Nashville
Aug. a9, X877
«73
953
37
St. Louis
Aug. ai, X876
»34
96a
a8
Saratoga
Aug. a7, X879
856
X030
«9
Boston
Aug. 35, x88o
997
«555
30
ad Cincinnati
Aug. 17, x88i
500
1699
3'
ad Montreal
Aug. 33, 188a
937
i9aa
3»
Minneapolis
Aug. 15, 1883
3*8
ao33
33
ad Philadelphia
Sept. 3,1884
ia6x*
1981
34
Ann Arbor
Aug. a6, 1885
364
1956
35
3d Buffalo
Aug. 18, x896
445
1886
3«
New York
Aug. xo, 1887
7«9
1956
37
ad Cleveland
Aug. 14. x888
34a
1964
38
Toronto
Aug. 96, 1889
434
1951
39
ad Indianapolis
Aug. 19, 18^
364
X944
40
ad Washington
Aug. 19, 1891
653t
8054
4>
Rochester
Aug. 17, 189a
456
ao37
4a
Madison
Aug. 17, X893
a9o
1939
43
Brooklyn
Aug. X5, 1894
488
x8oa
44
ad Springfield
Aug. e8, 1895
368
1913
45
4th Buffalo
Aug. a4, 1896
333
if9a
46
ad Detroit
■
Aug. 9, 1897
a83t
178a
47
ad Boston
Aug. aa, 1898
903
1J99
48
Columbus
Aug. 71, 1899
353
179X
49
ad New York
June as, 1900
434
»9«5
50
Denver
Aug. a4, 1901
311
a703
5«
Pittsburg
June a8 to July 3, 190a.
435
3473
5»
3d Washington
Dec. 87, 1907, to Jan. a, 1903.
975
359^
53
ad St. Louis.
Dec. 98, 1903, to Jan. «, 1904.
355
4^75
* Including 303 Members of the British Association and 9 other foreign guests.
t Including 34 Foreign Honorary Members for the meeting.
X Including 15 Foreign Honorary Members and Associates for the meeting.
(16)
Officers of the Meetings of the Association.
[The number before the name is that of the meeting; the year of
the meeting follows the name; the asterisk after a name indicates
that the member is deceased.]
PRESIDENTS.
2.
3-
4.
5-
6.
7-
8.
9.
10.
1 I.
12.
14.
15-
16.
17-
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
as-
26.
27.
( Wm. B. Rogbrs,* 1848.
i W. C. Redfield,* 1848.
Joseph Henry,* 1849.
'A. D. Bache,* March
meeting, 1850, in the ab-
^ sence of Joseph Henry.*
I August meeting, 1850.
I^May meeting, 185 1.
Louis Agassiz,* August
meeting, 185 1.
(No meeting in 1852.)
Benjamin Pierce,* 1853.
James D. Dana,* 1854.
John Torrey,* 1855.
James Hall,* 1856.
f Alexis Caswell,* 1857,
j in place of J. W. Bailey,*
deceased. 1858, in the ab-
. sence of Jeffries Wyman.*
Stephen Alexander, *i859.
Isaac Lea,* i860.
(No meetings for 1861-65.)
F. A. P. Barnard,* 1866.
J. S. Newberry,* 1867.
B. A. Gould,* 1868.
J. W. Foster,* 1869.
T. Sterry Hunt,* 1870,
in the absence of Wm.
Chauvenet.*
Asa Gray,* 1871.
J. Lawrence Smith,* 1872.
Joseph Lovering,* 1873.
J. L. LeConte,* 1874.
J, E. Hilgard,* 1875.
William B. Rogers,* 1876.
Simon Newcomb, 1877.
O. C. Marsh,* 1878.
28. G. F. Barker, 1879.
29. Lewis H. Morgan,* 1880.
30. G. J. Brush, 1881.
31. J. W. Dawson, 1882.
32. C. A. Young, 1883.
33. J. P. Lesley,* 1884.
34. H. A. Newton,* 1885.
35. Edward S. Morse, 1886.
36. S. P. Langley, 1887.
37. J. W. Powell,* 1888.
38. T. C. Mendenhall, 1889.
39. G. Lincoln Goodale, 1890.
40. Albert B. Prescott, 1891.
41. Joseph LeConte,* 1892.
42. William Harknbss,* 1893.
4^3. Daniel G. Brinton,* 1894.
44. E. W. Morley, 1895.
f Edward D. Cope,* 1896.
45. J Theodore Gill, as senior
j vice-president acted after
tthe death of Prof. Cope.
fWoLCOTT GiBBS, i897,ab-
46. -{ sent. W J McGee, Acting
1^ President.
47. F. W. Putnam, 1898.
Edward Orton,* 1899.
Grove K. Gilbert, elec-
ted by the General Com-
48. •{ mittee December, 1899,
to fill the vacancy caused
by the death of Prof.
Orton.
49. R. S. Woodward, 1900.
50. C. S. Minot, 1901.
51. Asaph Hall, 1902.
52. Ira Remsbn, 1903.
53. Carroll D. Wright, 1904.
54. W. G. Farlow, 1905.
(17)
OPPICBRS OP THB MBBTINGS OP THB ASSOCIATION.
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
There were no Vice-Presidents until the nth meeting when
there was a single Vice-President for each meeting. At the 24th
meeting, the Association met in Sections A and B, each presided
over by a Vice-President. At the 31st meeting nine sections were
organized, each with a Vice-President as its presiding officer. In
1886 Section G (Microscopy) was given up. In 1892, Section F
was divided into P, Zoology; G, Botany.
1857-1874.
II. Alexis Caswbll,* 1857, 17. Chas.'Whittlesby,* 1868.
acted as President. 18.
12. John E. Holbrook,* 1858, 19.
not present.
13. Edward Hitchcock,* 1859. 20,
14. B. A. Gould,* i860. 21.
15. B. A. Gould,* 1866, in the 22.
absence of R. W. Gibbbs.
16. WOLCOTT GiBBS, 1867. 23.
Ogdbn N. Rood. 1869.
T. Sterry Hunt,* 1870,
acted as President.
G. F. Barker, 187 i.
Alex. Winchbll,* 1872.
A. H. Worthen,* 1873.
not present.
C. S. Lyman,* 1874.
1875-1881.
Section A. — Mathematics, Phys-
ics, and Chemistry.
24. H. A. Newton,* 1875.
25. C. A. Young, 1876.
26. R. H. Thurston, 1877,
in the absence of E. C.
Pickering.
27. R. H. Thurston,* 1878.
28. S. P. Langley, 1879.
Asaph Hall, 1880.
Wm. Harkness,* 1881, in
29
.30
Section B. — Naturod His-
tory.
24. J. W. Dawson, 1875.
25. Edward S. Morse, 1876.
26. O. C. Marsh,* 1877.
27. Aug. R. Grote, 1878.
28. J. W. Powell,* 1879.
29. Alex. Agassiz, 1880.
30. Edward T. Cox, 1881, in
the absence of Gborgb
Engblmann.*
the absence of A.M.Mayer.*
Chairmen op Subsections, 1875-1881.
Subsection of Chemistry.
24. S. W. Johnson, 1875.
25. G. F. Barker, 1876.
26. N. T. LuPTON,* 1877.
27. F. W. Clarke, 1878.
28. F. W. Clarke, 1879, in the
absence of Ira Rbmsen.
29. J. M. Ordway, 1880.
30. G. C. Caldwell, 1881, in
the absence of W. R.
Nichols.*
Subsection of Microscopy.
25. R. H. Ward, 1876.
26. R. H. Ward, 1877.
27. R. H. Ward, 1878, in the
absence of G. S. Blackib.*
28. E. W. Morley, 1879.
29. S. A. Lattimorb, 1880.
30. A. B. Hervey, 1881.
Subsection of Anthropology.
24. Lewis H. Morgan,* 1875.
25. Lewis H. Morgan,* 1876.
26. Daniel Wilson,* 1877, not
present.
27. United with Section B.
28. Daniel Wilson,* 1879.
29. J. W. Powell,* 1880.
30. Garrick Mallery,* 1881.
Subsection of Entomology.
30. J. G. Morris,* 1881.
(18)
OFFICERS OF THB MRBTINOS OF THB ASSOCIATION.
31
Vicb-Prbsiobnts of Sections, i88a-
Section A. — Mathematics and 38. H. S. Carhart, 1889.
Astronomy, 39. Clbvbland Abbb» 1890.
. W. A. Rogers,* 1882, in the 40. P. E. Nxpher, 1891.
absence of Wm. Harknbss.* 41. B. F. Thomas, 1899.
32-
33-
34.
43
44-
45
W. A. Rogers,* 1883.
H. T. Eddy, 1884.
Wm. Harkness,* 1885, in
the absence of J. M. Van
Vleck.
35. J. W. Gibbs.* 1886.
36. J. R. Eastman, 1887, in
place of W.Ferrbl,* res'd.
37. Ormond Stone, 1888.
38. R. S. Woodward, 1889.
39. S. C. Chandler, 1890.
40. E. W. Hyde, 1891.
41. J. R. Eastman, 1892.
42. C. L. DooLiTTLE, 1893.
fG. C. CoMSTOCK, 1894.
I Edgar Frisby, 1894.
Edgar Frisby, 1895, in place
of E.H.HoLDEN, resigned.
Alex. Macfarlane, 1896,
in place of Wm. E. Story,
resigned.
46. W. W. Beman, 1897.
47. E. E. Barnard, 1898.
48. Alex. MacFarlane, 1899.
49. Asaph Hall, Jr., 1900.
50. James MacMahon, 1901.
51. G. W. Hough, 1902.
52. George Bruce Halsted,
1903-
53. O. H. TiTTMANN, 1904.
54. Alexander Ziwet, 1905.
Section B . — Physics .
31. T. C. Mendenhall, 1882.
32. H. A. Rowland,* 1883.
33. J. Trowbridge, 1884.
34. S. P. Langley, 1885, in
place of C.F.Brackett, res'd.
35. C. F. Brackett, 1886.
36. W. A. Anthony, 1887.
37. A. A. Michelson, 1888.
42. E. L. Nichols, 1893.
43. Wm. a. Rogers, 1894.
44. W.LeContb Stevens, 1895.
45. Carl Leo Mees, 1896.
46. Carl Barus, 1897.
47. F. P. Whitman, 1898.
48. Elihu Thomson, 1899.
49. Ernest Mbrritt, 1900.
50. D. B. Bracb, 1901.
51. W. S. Franklin, 1902.
52. Ernest F. Nichols, 1903.
53. £. H. Hall, 1904.
54. Wm. F. Magib, 1905.
Section C. — Chemistry.
31. H. C. Bolton,* 1882.
32. E. W. MoRLBY, 1883.
33. J. W. Langley, 1884.
34. N. T. LuPTON,* 1885, in the
absence of W. R. Nichols.
35. H. W. Wiley, 1886.
36. A. B. Prescott, 1887.
37. C. E. MUNROE, 1888.
38. W. L. Dudley, 1889.
39. R. B. Warder, 1890.
40. R. C. Kbdzie, 1891.
41. Alfred Springer, 1892.
42. Edward Hart, 1893.
43. T. H. Norton, 1894.
44. Wm. McMurtrie, 1895.
45. W. A. NOYES, 1896.
46. W. P. Mason, 1897.
47. Edgar F. Smith, 1898.
48. F. P. Vbnable, 1899.
49. Jas. Lewis Howe, 1900.
50. John H. Long, 1901.
51. H. A. Weber, 1902.
52. Charles Baskerville,
1903.
53. W. D. Bancroft, 1904.
54. L. P. Kjnnicutt, 1905.
(19;
OPPICBR8 OF THB MEETINGS OP THE ASSOCIATION.
Vice-Presidents of Sections, Continued.
Section D. — Mechanical Science 43. Samuel Calvin, 1894.
31
32
33
34
and Engineering.
W. P. Trowbridge,* 1882.
DeVolson Wood, 1883, ab-
sent, but place was not filled.
R. H. Thurston,* 1884.
J. BuRKiTT Webb, 1885.
35. O. Chanute, 1886.
36. E. B. CoxE, 1887.
37. C. J. H. Woodbury, 1888.
38. James E. Denton, 1889.
39. James E. Denton, 1890,
in place of A. Beardslby,
absent.
40. Thomas Gray, 1891.
41. J. B. Johnson, 1892.
42. S. W. Robinson, 1893.
43. Mansfield Merriman, 1894.
44. William Kent, 1895.
45. Prank O. Marvin, 1896.
46. John Galbraith, 1897.
47. John Galbraith, 1898, in
the absence of M.E.Cooley.
48. Storm Bull, 1899.
49. John A. Brashbar, 1900.
H. S. Jacoby, 1901.
J. J. Flather, 1902.
Clarence A. Waldo, 1903.
C. M. Woodward, 1904.
D. S. Jacobus, 1905.
Section E. — Geology and
Geography.
E. T. Cox, 1882.
C. H. Hitchcock, 1883.
N. H. Winchell, 1884.
Edward Orton,* 1885.
35. T. C. Chambbrlin, 1886.
36. G. K. Gilbert, 1887.
37. George H. Cook,* 1888.
38. Charles A. White, 1889.
39. John C. Branner, 1890.
40. J. J. Stevenson, 1891.
41. H. S. Williams, 1892.
42. Charles D. Walcott, 1893.
50-
51-
52.
53-
54.
31-
32.
33-
34.
44. Jbd.'Hotchkiss, 1895.
45. B. K. Emerson, 1896.
^ j I. C. White, 1897.
t E. W. Claypole,* 1897.
47. H. L. Fairchild, 1898.
48. J. F. Whiteaves, 1899.
49. J. F. Kemp, 1900.
50. C. R. Van Hise, 1901.
51. Joseph A. Holmes, 1902, in
the absence of O. A.
Derby.
52. Wm. M. Davis, 1903.
53. I. C. Russell, 1904.
54. Eugene A. Smith. 1905.
Section F. — Biology ^ 1882-189 2.
31. W. H. Dall, 1882.
32. W. J. Beal, 1883.
33. E. D. Cope,* 1884.
34. T. J. BuRRiLL, 1885, in the
absence of B. G. Wilder.
35. H. P. BOWDITCH, 1886.
36. W. G. Farlow, 1887.
37. C. V. Riley,* 1888.
38. George L. Goodale, 1889.
39. C. S. Minot, 1890.
40. J. M. Coulter, 1S91.
41. S. H. Gage, 1892.
Section F. — Zoology.
42. Henry F. Osborn, 1893.
43. J. A. Lintner,* 1894, in
place of S. H. Scudder, rcs'd.
44. L. O. Howard, 1895, in
place of D. S. Jordan, res'd.
45. Theo. Gill, 1896.
46. L. O. Howard, 1897, ^^
place of G. Brown Goode,*
deceased.
47. A. S. Packard, 1898.
48. S. H. Gage, 1899.
49. C. B. Davenport, 1900.
50. D. S. Jordan, 1901.
51. E. L. Mark, 1902, in the ab*
sence of C. C. Nutting.
Cio)
OPPICBR8 OV THB MBBTIN08 OF THB ASSOCIATiON.
43
VICE-PRBSIDENTS OF
52. C. W. Hargitt, 1903.
53. B. L. Mark, 1904.
54. C. Hart Mbrriam. 1905.
Section G. Microscopy, 1882-85.
31. A. H. TUTTLB, 1882.
32. J. D. Cox, 1883.
33. T. G. Wormley,* 1884.
34. S. H. Gagb, 1885.
(Section united with F in 1886)
Section G. — Botany.
42. Charles E. Bbssby, 1893.
j L. M. Underwood, 1894.
{ C. £. Bessey, 1894.
44. J. C. Arthur, 1895.
45. N. L. Britton, 1896.
46. G. F. Atkinson, 1897.
47. W. G. Farlow, 1898.
48. C. R. Barnes, 1899.
49. W. Treleasb, 1900.
50. B. T. Galloway, 1901.
51. C. E. Bbssby, 1902, in the
absence of D. H. Camp-
bell.
52. F. V. Coville, 1903.
53. T. H. MacBridb, 1904.
54. B. L. Robinson, 1905.
Section H. — A nthropology.
31. Alex. Winchbll,* 1882.
32. Otis T. Mason, 1883.
33. Edward S. Morse, 1884.
34. J. Owen Dorsey,* 1885,
in the absence of W. H. Dall.
35. Horatio Hale,* 1886.
36. D. G. Brinton,* 1887.
37. Charles C. Abbott, 1888.
38. Garrick Mallbry,* 1889.
39. Frank Baker, 1890.
40. Joseph Jastrow, 1891.
41. W. H. Holmes, 1892.
42. J. Owen Dorsey,* 1893.
43. Franz Boas, 1894.
44. F. H. Cushing,* 1895.
45. Alice C. Fletcher, 1896.
46. W J McGeb, 1897.
Sections, Continued.
47. J. McK. Cattbll, 1898.
48. Thomas Wilson,* 1899.
49. A. W. Butler, 1900.
50. J. Walter Fbwkbs, 1901.
51. Stewart Culin, 1902.
52. Geo. a. Dorsey, 1903.
53. M. H. Savillb, 1904.
54. Walter Hough, 1905.
Section I. — Social and Economic
Science.
31. E. B. Elliott,* 1882.
32. Franklin B. Hough, *i883.
33. John Eaton,* 1884.
34. Edward Atkinson, 1885.
35. Joseph Cummings,* 1886.
36. H. E. Alvord, 1887.
37. Charles W. Smiley, x888.
38. Charles S. Hill, 1889.
39. J. Richards Dodge, 1890.
40. Edmund J. James, 1891.
41. L. F. Ward, 1892, in place
of S. D. Horton,* resigned.
42. William H. Brbwer, 1893.
43. Hbnry Farquhar, 1894.
44. B. E. Fbrnow, 1895.
45. W. L. Lazbnby, 1896.
46. r. t. colburn, 1897.
47. Archibald Blub, 1898.
48. Marcus Benjamin, 1899.
49. Marcus Bbnjamin, 1900,
in the absence of C. M.
Woodward.
50. John Hyde, 1901.
51. John Hyde, 1902, in the ab-
sence of Carroll D. Wright.
52. H. T. Newcomb, 1903.
53. Simeon E. Baldwin, 1904.
54. Martin A. Knapp, 1905.
Section K. — Physiology and Ex'
perimental Medicine.
51. W. H. Welch, 1902.
52. W. H. Welch, 1903.
53. H. P. Bowditch. 1904.
54. H. P. Bowditch. 1Q05.
(31)
OPPICBRS OF THE MBBTING8 OP THE ASSOCIATION.
SECRETARIES.
General Secretaries, 1848-
1. Walter R. Johnson,* 1848
2. £. N. HoRSPORD,* 1849, in
the absence of Jbppribs
Wyman.*
3. L. R. GiBBS, 1850, in the ab-
sence of E. C. Hbrrick.*
4. E. C. Hbrrick,* 1850.
5. Wm. B. Rogers,* 185 i, in
the absence of E. C. Hbrrick.*
6. Wm. B. Rogers,* 185 i.
7. S. St. John,* 1853, in the
absence of J. D. Dana.*
8. J. Lawrencb Smith,* 1854.
9. Wolcott Gibbs, 1855.
xo. B. A. Gould,* 1856.
11. John L. LbConte,* 1857.
12. W.M.GiLLBSPiE,*i858,inihe
absence of Wm.Chauvenbt.*
13. Wm. Chauvbnbt,* 1859.
14* Joseph LeConte,* i860.
15. Elias Loomis,* 1866, in the
absence of W. P. Trowbridge.*
16. C. S. Lyman,* 1867.
17. Simon Newcomb, 1868, in
the absence of A. P. Rockwell.
18. O. C. Marsh,* 1869.
19. F. W. Putnam, 1870, in the
absence of C. F. Hartt.*
ao. F. W. Putnam, 187 i.
ai. Edward S. Morse, 187a.
aa. C. A. White, 1873.
33. A. C. Hamlin, 1874.
34. S. H. Scudder, 1875.
35. T. C. Mendenhall, 1876.
a6. Aug. R. Grote, 1877.
37. H. C. Bolton,* 1878.
a8. H. C. Bolton,* 1879, in the
absence of George Little.
39. J. K. Rees, 1880.
30. C. V. Riley,* 1881.
31. William Saunders, i88a.
33. J. R. Eastman, 1883.
33. Alfred Springer, 1884.
34. C. S. Minot, 1885.
35. S. G. Williams,* 1886.
36. William H. Pettbe, 1887.
37. Julius Pohlman, 1888.
38. C. Leo Mbbs, 1889.
39. H. C. Bolton,* 1890.
40. H. W. Wiley. 1891.
41. A. W. Butler, 189a.
4a. T. H. Norton, 1893.
43. H. L. Fairchild, 1894.
44. Jas. Lewis Howe, 1895.
45. Charles R. Barnes, 1896.
46. Asaph Hall, Jr., 1897.
47. J. McMahon, 1898, in place
of D.S.KELLicoTT,*decea8ed.
48. F. Bedell, 1899.
49. Chas. Baskerville, 1900.
50. John M. Coulter, iqoi, in
the absence of William
Hallock.
51. D. T. MacDougal, 190a.
5a. Henry B. Ward, 1903.
53. C. W. Stiles, 1904.
54. Charles S. Howe, 1905.
Permanent Secretaries , 1 8 5 1 -
5-7.. Spencer F. BAiRD,'f'i85i'4
8-17. Joseph Lovering,*i854
-68.
18. F. W. Putnam, 1869, in the
absence of J. Lovering.*
19-21. Joseph Lovering,* 1870
-73.
22-46. F. W. Putnam, 1873-98.
47-54. L. O. Howard, 1898-05.
Assistant General Secretaries y
1883-1S87.
31. J. R. Eastman, i88a.
3a. Alfred Springer, 1883.
33. C. S. Minot, 1884, in the ab-
sence of E. S. Holden.
34. S. G.Williams,* 18S5, in the
absence of C. C. Abbott.
(22)
OFPICBRS OP THB MBBTINOB OF TBB ASSOCIATION.
Secretaribs, Continued.
35. W. H. Pettee, 1886.
36. J. C. Arthur, 1887.
Secretaries of the Council, 1888-
37. C. Leo Mbes, 1888.
38. H. C. Bolton,* 1889.
39. H. W. Wiley, 1890.
40. A. W. Butler, 1891.
41. T. H. Norton, 1892.
42. H. Leroy Fairchild, 1893.
43. Jas. Lewis Howe, 1894.
44. Charles R. Barnes, 1895.
45. Asaph Hall, Jr., 1896.
46. D. S. Kellicott,* 1897.
47. Frederick Bedell, 1898.
48. CharlbsBaskbrville,i899.
49. William Hallock, 1900.
50. D. T. MacDougal, 1901.
51. H. B. Ward, 1902.
52. Ch. Wardbll Stiles, 1903.
53. Chas. S. Howe, 1904.
54. C. A. Waldo, 1905.
24.
25-
26.
27.
Secretaries of Section A . — Mathe*
matics, Physics and Chemistry,
1875-1881.
J S. P. Langley, 1875.
\ T. C. Mendenhall, 1875.
A. W. Wright, 1876.
H. C. Bolton,* 1877.
F. E. NiPHER, 1878.
28. J. K. Rees, 1879.
29. H. B. Mason, 1880.
30. E.T.Tappan, 1881, in the ab-
sence of Jno. Trowbridge.
Secretaries of Section B. — Nat"
ural History, 1874-1881.
24. Edward S. Morse, 1875.
25. Albert H. Tuttlb, 1876,
26. William H. Dall, 1877.
27. George Little, 1878.
28. Wm. H. Dall, 1879, in the
absence of A. C. Wetherby.
29. Charles V. Riley,* 1880.
30. William Saunders, 1881.
Secretaries op Subsbctions, 1875-1881.
Subsection of Chemistry.
24. F. W. Clarke, 1875.
25. H. C. Bolton,* 1876.
26. P. Schweitzer, 1877.
27. A. P. S. Stuart, 1878.
28. W. R.|Nichols,* 1879.
29. C. £. Munrob, 1880.
30. Alfred Springer, 1881, in
the absence of R.B. Warder.
Subsection of Entomology.
30. B. P. Mann, 1881.
Subsection of Anthropology.
24. P. W. Putnam, 1875.
25. Otis T. Mason, 1876.
26, 27. United with Section B.
28, 29, 30. J. G. Henderson,
1879-81.
Subsection of Microscopy.
25. E. W. MoRLBY, 1876.
26. T. O. SoMMBRS, Jr., 1877.
27. G. J. Engblmann, 1878.
28. 29. A. B. Hbrvey, 1879-80.
30. W. H. Seaman, 1881, in the
absence of S. P. Sharplbs.
Secretaries op the Sections, 1882-
Section A. — Mathematics and
Astronomy.
31. H. T. Eddy, 1882.
32. G. W. Hough. 1883, in the
absence of W. W. Johnson.
33. G. W. Hough, 1884.
34. E. W. Hyde, 1885.
35. S. C. Chandler, 1886.
36. H. M. Paul, 1887.
37. C. C. DOOLITTLE, 1888.
(as)
OPPICBRS OP THB UBBTINGS OP THE ASSOCIATION.
Secretaries op thb Sections, Continued.
38. G. C. CoMSTOCK, 1889.
39. W. W. Beman, 1890.
40. F. H. BiGBLow, 1891.
41. Winslow Upton, 1892.
4a. C. A. Waldo, 1893, ^^ ^^^
absence of A. W. Phillips.
43. J. C. Kershner, 1894, in
place of W.W.Beman, res'd.
44. Asaph Hall, Jr., 1895, in
place of £. H. Moore, res'd.
45. Edwin B. Frost, 1896.
46. James McMahon, 1897.
47. Winslow Upton, 1898, in
place of Alex. Ziwbt,
resigned.
48. John F. Haypord, 1899.
49. W. M. Strong, 1900.
50. G. A. Miller, 1901, in place
of H. C. Lord, resigned.
51. E. S. Crawley, 1902.
52. C. S. Howe, 1903.
53-57. L. G. Weld, 1904-1908.
Section B. — Physics.
31. C. S. Hastings, 1882.
32. P. E. NiPHBR, 1883, in the
absence of C. K. Wead.
33. N. D. C. Hodges, 1884.
34. B. F. Thomas, 1885, in place
of A. A. MiCHELSON. resigned.
35. H. S. Carhart, 1886.
36. C. Lbo Mees, 1887.
37. Alex. Macparlane. 1888.
38. E. L. Nichols, 1889.
39. E. M. Avery, 1890.
40. Alex. Macparlane, 1891.
41. Brown Ayres, 1892.
4a. W. LeConte Stevens, 1893.
43. B. W. Snow, 1894.
44. E. Merritt, 1895.
45. Frank P. Whitman, 1896.
46. Frederick Bedell, 1897.
47. W. S. Franklin, 1898, in
place of E. B. Rosa, resigned.
48. William Hallock, 1899.
49. R. A. Fessbndbn, 1900.
50. John Zeleny, 1901, in place
of J. O. Reed, resigned.
51. E. F. Nichols, 1902.
52. D. C. Miller, 1903.
53-57. D.C. Miller, 1904-1908.
Section C. — Chemistry,
31. Alpred Springer, 1882.
32
i J. W. Langley, 1883.
* ( W. McMurtrie, 1883.
44.
SS' H. Carmichael, 1884, inthe
absence of R. B. Warder.
34. F. P. DUNNINGTON, 1885.
35. W. McMurtrie, 1886.
36. C. F. Mabery, 1887.
37. W. L. Dudley, 1888.
38. Edward Hart, 1889.
39. W. A. NoYEs, 1890.
40. T. H. Norton, 1891.
41. Jas. Lewis Howe, 1892.
42. H. N. Stokes, 1893, in the
absence of J. U. Nep.
43. Morris Loeb, 1894, in place
of S. M. Babcock, resigned.
<W. P. Mason, 1895.
iW. O. Atwatbr, 1895.
45. Frank P. Venablb, 1896.
46. P. C. Frber, 1897.
47. C. Baskerville, 1898.
48. H. A. Weber, 1899.
49. A. A. NoYES, 1900.
50. W. McPhbrson, 1901.
51. F. C. Phillips, 1902.
52. H. N. Stokes, 1903.
53-57- Chas. L. Parsons, 1904-
1908.
Section D. — Afechanical Science
and Engineering.
31. J. Burkitt Webb, 1882, in
the absence of C. B. Dudley.
32. J. Burkitt Webb, 1883, pro
tempore.
33. J. Burkitt Webb, 1884.
34. C. J. H. Woodbury, 1885.
(34)
OPPICBRS OP THE MEETINGS OP THE ASSOCIATION.
Secretaries op the
35. William Kent, 1886.
36. G. M. Bond, 1887.
37. Arthur Beardslby, 1888.
38. W. B. Warner, 1889.
39. Thomas .Gray, 1890.
40. William Kent, 1891.
41. O. H. Landrbth, 189a.
4a. D. S. Jacobus, 1893.
43. John H. Kinbaly, 1894.
44. H. S. Jacoby, 1895.
45. John Galbraith, 1896.
46. John J. Flathbr, 1897.
47. John J. Flathbr, 1898, in
the absence of W. S. Al-
ORICH.
48. J. M. Porter, 1899.
49. W. T. Magrudbr, 1900.
50. C. W. CoMSTOCK, i9oi,in the
absence of W. H. Jaqubs.
51. C. A. Waldo, 190a.
5a. Elwood Mead, 1903, in the
absence of Albert Kings-
bury.
53"57- W. »r. Magrudbr, 1904-
1908.
Section E. ^-Geology and Geo-
graphy.
31. H. S. Williams, i88a, in the
absence of C. E. Dutton.
3a. A. A. JuLiBN, 1883.
33. E. A. Smith, 1884.
34. G. K. Gilbert, 1885, in the
absence of H. C. Lewis.*
35. E. W. Claypole,* 1886.
36. W. M. Davis, 1887. in the
absence of T. B. Comstock.
37. John C. Brannbr, 1888.
38. John C. Brannbr, 1889.
39. Samuel Calvin, 1890.
40. W J McGee, 1891.
41. R. D. Salisbury, 189a.
4a. W. H. HoBBS,* 1893, ^^
place of R. T. Hill, resigned.
43. Jed. Hotchkiss,* 1894, in
place of W. M. Davis, res'd.
Sections, Continued.
44. J. Pbrrin Smith, 1895.
45. W. N. Rice, 1896, in place
of A. C. Gill, resigned.
46. C. H. Smith, Jr., 1897.
47. Warren Upham, 1898.
48. Arthur Hollick, 1899.
49. J. A. Holmes, 1900.
50. H. B. Patton, 1901, in the
absence of R. A. F. Penrose.
51. P. P. Gulliver, 190a.
5a. E. O. HovEY, 1903.
53. G. B. Shattuck, 1904.
54-57. EdmundO.Hovby, 1905-
1908.
Section F: — Biology, i88a-i89a.
31. William Osler, i88a, in
the absence of C. S. Minot.
32. S. A. Forbes, 1883.
33. C. E. Bessey, 1884.
34. J. A. Lintner,* 1885, ^^
place of C. H. Fernald, res*d.
35. J. C. Arthur, 1886.
36. J. H. Comstock, 1887.
37. B. E. Fernow, 1888.
38. A. W. Butler, 1889.
39. J. M. Coulter, 1890.
40. A. J. Cook, 189 i.
41. D. B. Halstead, 189a.
Section F. — Zoology.
42. L. O. Howard, 1893.
43. John B.Smith, 1894, in place
of Wm.Libby, Jr., resigned.
44. C. W. Hargitt, 1895, io
place of S. A. Forbes, res'd.
45. D. S. Kellicott,* 1896.
46. C. C. Nutting, 1897.
47. R. T. Jackson, 1898, in
place of C. W. Stiles, resigned.
48. C. L. Marlatt, 1899, in
place of F. W. True, resigned.
49. C. H. Eigenmann, 1900.
50. H. B. Ward, 1901.
51. C. W. Stiles, 190a.
52. C. J. Hbrrick, 1903.
53-57- C. J. Herrick, 1904-08.
(25 >
Ol^FICBRS OF THE MEETINGS OP THE ASSOCIATION.
Secretaries of the
Section G. — Microscopy^ 1882-85
31. Robert Brown, Jr., i88a.
32. Carl Seiler, 1883.
33. RoMYN Hitchcock, 1884.
34. W. H. Walmsley, 1885.
Section G. — Botany.
42. B. T. Galloway, 1893, in
the absence of F. V. Covillb.
43. Chas. R. Barnes, 1894.
)B. T. Galloway, 1895.
M. B. Waite, 1895.
45. George F. Atkinson, 1896.
46. F. C. Nbwcombe, 1897.
47. Erwin F. Smith, 1898.
48. W. A. Kellerman, 1899.
49. D. T. MacDougal, 1900.
50. Ernst A. Bessey, 1901, in
the absence of A. S. Hitch-
cock.
51. H. von Schrenk, 1902.
52. C. J. Chamberlain, 1903.
53-57. F. E. Lloyd, 1904-1908.
Section H. — A nthropology.
31. Otis T. Mason, 1882.
32. G. H. Perkins, 1883.
33. G. H. Perkins, 1884, in the
absence of W. H. Holmes.
34. Erminnib a. Smith,* 1S85.
35. A. W. Butler, 1886.
36. Chas. C.Abbott, 1887, in the
absence of F. W.Langdon.
37. Frank Baker, 1888.
38. W. M. Beauchamp, 1889.
39. Joseph Jastrow, 1890.
40. W. H. Holmes, 1891.
41. W. M. Beauchamp, 1892, in
place of S. CuLiN, resigned.
42. W. K. Moorbhead, 1893.
43. A. F. Chamberlin, 1894.
TStewart Culin and W.
44. \ W. TooKER, 1895, ^^ place
(of Anita N. McGBE.res'd.
45. G. H. Perkins, 1896, in
place of J. G.BouRKE,*dec*d.
Sections, Continued.
.46. Anita N. McGbb, 1897, ^^
place of Harlan I.SMiTH,res'd.
47. Marshall H. Saville,i898.
48. E. W. Scripture, 1899, in
place of Geo.. A. Dorsby,
resigned.
49. Frank Russell,* 1900.
50. G. G. MacCurdy, 1901.
51. Harlan I. Smith, 1902.
52. R. B. Dixon, 1903.
53-57- Geo. H. PEppBR-04-08.
Section I. — Social and Economic
Science,
j Franklin B.Hough,*i882.
' { J. Richards Dodge. 1882.
32. Joseph Cummings,* 1883.
33. Charles W. Smiley, 1884.
34. Chas. W. Smiley, 1885, in
the absence of J. W.Chicker-
ING.
35. H. E. Alvord, 1886.
36. W. R. Lazenby, 1887.
37. Charles S. Hill, 1888.
38. J. Richards Dodge, 1889.
39. B. E. Fernow, 1890.
40. B. E. Fernow, 1891.
41. Henry Farquhar, 1892, in
place of L. F. Ward, made
Vice-President.
42. Nellie S. Kedzib, 1893.
43. Manley Miles, 1894.
44. W. R. Lazenby, 1895, ii^
place of E. A. Ross, resigned.
45. R. T. CoLBURN, 1896.
46. Archibald Blue, 1897.
47. Marcus Benjamin, 1898.
48. Calvin M.Woodward, 1899.
49. H. T. Newcomb, 1900.
50. R. A. Pearson, 190 1, in place
of Cora A. Benneson, res'd.
51. F. R. RuTTER, 1902, in place
of Walter F. Willcox, resigned.
52. F. H. Hitchcock, 1903.
53-57- J- P- Crowell, 1904-08.
(«6)
OFFICBRS OF THB 1IBBTING8 OP THB ASSOCIATION.
Sbcrbtaribs op THB Sbctions, Continubd.
Section K. — Physiology and Ex' %2. F. S. Lbb, 1903.
perimental Medicine. 53. F. S. Lbb, 1904.
51. F. S. Lbb, 190a. 54 1905*
TREASURERS.
1. Jbppribs Wyman,* 1848.
2. A. L. Elwyn,* 1849.
3. St. J. Ravenel,*i85o, inthe
absence of A. L. Elwyn.*
4. A. L. Elwyn,* 1850.
5. Spencer F. Baird,* 1851,
in the absence of A. L. Elwyn.*
6-7. A. L. Elwyn,* 1851-53.
8. J. L. LeConte,* 1854, in the
absence of A. L. Elwyn.*
9-19. A. L. Elwyn,* 1855-
1870.
^0-30. Wm. S. Vaux,* 187 1-
1881.
32-42. Wm. Lilly,* 1882-93.
43-49. R. S. Woodward, 1894-
1900.
50-54. R. S. Woodward. 1901-
1905-
(27)
Commontoealth of Massachusetts.
In the Year One Thousand Bight Hundred and Seoenty-Pour.
AN ACT
To Incorporate the "American Association for the Advance-
ment OF Science/'
Be it enacted by ike Senate and House of Representatives, in General
Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:
Section i. Joseph Henry of Washington, Benjamin Pierce of
Cambridge, James D. Dana of New Haven, James Hall of Albany,
Alexis Caswell of Providence, Stephen Alexander of Princeton,
Isaac Lea of Philadelphia, F. A. P. Barnard of New York, John S.
Newberry of Cleveland, B. A. Gould of Cambridge, T. Sterry Hunt
of Boston, Asa Gray of Cambridge, J. Lawrence Smith of Louis-
ville, Joseph Lovering of Cambridge, and John LeConte of Phila-
delphia, their associates, the officers and members of the Associa-
tion, known as the "American Association for the Advancement of
Science," and their successors, are hereby made a corporation by
the name of the "American Association for the Advancement of
Science," for the purpose of receiving, purchasing, holding, and
conveying real and personal property, which it now is, or here-
after may be, possessed of, with all the powers and privileges, and
subject to the restrictions, duties and liabilities set forth in the
general laws which now or hereafter may be in force and applicable
to such corporations.
Section 2. Said corporation may have and hold by purchase,
grant, gift, or otherwise, real estate not exceeding one hundred
thousand dollars in value, and personal estate of the value of two
hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
Section 3. Any two of the corporators above named are here-
by authorized to call the first meeting of the said corporation in
the month of August next ensuing, by notice thereof **by mail,"
to each member of the said Association.
Section 4. This act shall take effect upon its passage.
House of Representatives, March 10, 1874.
Passed to be enacted,
John E. Sanford, Speaker.
In Senate, March 17, 1874.
Passed to be enacted, March 19, 1874.
Geo. B. Loring, President. Approved.
W. B. Washburn.
Secretary's Department,
Boston, April 3, 1874.
A true copy. Attest:
David Pulsifbr,
Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth,
CONSTITUTION
OF THE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCE-
MENT OF SCIENCE.
Incorporated by Act of tiM General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetti.
Objects.
Article i. The objects of the Association are, by periodical
and migratory meetings, to promote intercourse between those
who are cultivating science in different parts of America, to give
a stronger and more general impulse and more systematic direc-
tion to scientific research, and to procure for the labors of scientific
men increased facilities and a wider usefulness.
Membership.
Art. 2. The Association shall consist of members, fellows,
patrons, corresponding members and honorary fellows.
Members.
Art. 3. Any person may become a member of the Association
upon recommendation in writing by two members or fellows, and
election by the Council. Any incorporated scientific society or
institution, or any public or incorporated library, may be enrolled
as a member of the Association by vote of the Council by pay-
ment of the initiation fee; such society, institution, or library may
be represented by either the President, Curator, Director, or
Librarian presenting proper credentials at any meeting of the
Association for which the assessment has been paid.
Associates.
Associates for any single meeting shall be admitted on the pay-
ment of three dollars, such associates to have all the privileges of
the meeting, except reading papers and voting.
Members of scientific societies whose meetings are contem-
poraneous with, or immediately subsequent to, that of the Associa-^
(29)
CONSTITUTION.
tion, and which are recognized by vote of the Council as "Affiliated
Societies," may become associate members for that meetings on
the payment of three dollars. They shall be entitled to all the
privileges of membership except voting or appointment to office,
but their names shall not appear in the list of members printed in
the annual report.
Foreign Associates.
Any member or fellow of any national scientific or educational
institution, or of any society or academy of science, of any country
not in America, who may be present at any meeting of the Associa-
tion shall, on presenting the proper credentials, be enrolled with-
out fee as a Foreign Associate, and shall be entitled to all the
privileges of the meeting except voting on matters of business.
Fellows.
Art. 4. Fellows shall be elected by the Council from such of
the members as are professionally engaged in science, or have,
by their labors, aided in advancing science. The election of
fellows shall be by ballot, and a majority vote of the members
of the Council at a designated meeting of the Council.
Patrons.
Art. 5. Any person paying to the Association the sum of one
thousand dollars shall be classed as a patron, and shall be en-
titled to all the privileges of a member and to all its publications.
Honorary Fellows and Corresponding Members.
Art. 6. Honorary fellows of the Association, not exceeding
three for each Section, may be elected, the nominations to be made by
the Council and approved by ballot in the respective sections be-
fore election by ballot in General Session. Honorary fellows shall
be entitled to all the privileges of fellows, and shall be exempt
from all fees and assessments, and entitled to all publications
of the Association issued after the date of their election. Corres-
ponding members shall consist of such scientists not residing in
America as may be elected by the Council, and their number shall
be limited to fifty. Corresponding members shall be entitled to
(30)
CONSTITUTION.
all the privileges of members and to the annual volumes of Pro-
ceedings published subsequent to their election.
Suspensions.
Art. 7. The name of any member or fellow two years in
arrears for annual dues shall be erased from the list of the
Association, provided, that two notice* of indebtedness, at an
interval of at least three months, shall have been given; and no
such person shall be restored until he has paid his arrearages or
has been re-elected. The Council shall have power to exclude
from the Association any member or fellow, on satisfactory evi-
dence that said member or fellow is an improper person to be con-
nected with the Association, or has in the estimation of the Council
made improper use of his membership or fellowship.
Officers.
Art. 8. No member or fellow shall take part in the organiza-
tion of, or hold office in, more than one section at any one meeting.
Art. 9. The officers of the Association shall be elected by
ballot by the General Committee from the fellows, and shall con-
sist of a President, a Vice-President from each section, a Per-
manent Secretary, a General Secretary, a Secretary of the Council,
a Treasurer, and a Secretary of each Section; these, with the
exception of the Permanent Secretary, the Treasurer, and the
Secretaries of the Sections, shall be elected at each meeting for the
following one, and, with the exception of the Treasurer and the
Permanent Secretary, shall not be re-eligible for the next two
meetings. The term of office of the Permanent Secretary, of the
Treasurer, and of the Secretaries of the Sections, shall be five
years.
President.
Art. 10. The President, or, in his absence, the 'senior Vice-
President present, shall preside at all General Sessions of the
Association and at all meetings of the Council. It shall also be
the duty of the President to give an address at a General Session
of the Association at the meeting following that over which he
presided.
Vice-Presidents.
Art. II. The Vice-Presidents shall be chairmen of their
respective Sections, and of their Sectional Committees, and it
(30
CONSTITUTION.
shall be part of their duty to give an address, each before his own
Section, at such time as the Council shall determine at the meeting
subsequent to that at which he presides. The Vice-Presidents
may appoint temporary chairmen to preside over the sessions of
their sections, but shall not delegate their other duties. The
Vice-Presidents shall ha\ie seniority in order of their continuous
membership in the Association.
General Secretary.
Art. 12. The General Secretary shall be the Secretary of all
General Sessions of the Association, and shall keep a record of the
business of these sessions. He shall receive the records from
the Secretaries of the Sections, which, after examination, he
shall transmit with his own records to the Permanent Secretary
within two weeks after the adjournment of the meeting.
Secretary op the Council.
Art. 13. The Secretary of the Council shall keep the records
of the Council. He shall give to the Secretary of each Section the
titles of papers assigned to it by the Council. He shall receive
proposals for membership and bring them before the Council.
Permanent Secretary.
Art. 14. The Permanent Secretary shall be the executive
officer of the Association under the direction of the Council. He
shall attend to all business not specially referred to committees
nor otherwise constitutionally provided for. He shall keep an
account of all business that he has transacted for the Association,
and make annually a geAeral report for publication in the annual
volume of Proceedings. He shall attend to the printing and
distribution of the annual volume of Proceedings, and all other
printing ordered by the Association. He shall issue a circular
of information to members and fellows .at least three months be-
fore each meeting, and shall, in connection with the Local Com-
mittee, make all necessary arrangements for the meetings of the
Association. He shall provide the Secretaries of the Associa-
tion -with such books and stationery as may be required for their
records and business, and shall provide members and fellows
with such blank forms as may be required for facilitating the
business of the Association. He shall collect all assessments
C32)
eONSTlTUTlON.
and admission fees, and notify members and fellows of their
election, and of any arrearages. He shall receive, and bring be-
fore the Council, the titles and abstracts of papers proposed to be
read before the Association. He shall keep an account of all
receipts and expenditures of the Association, and report the
same annually at the first meeting of the Council, and shall pay
over to the Treasurer such unexpended funds as the Council may
direct. He shall receive and hold in trust for the Association
all books, pamphlets, and manuscripts belonging to the Associa-
tion, and allow the use of the same under the provisions of the
Constitution and the ord^^k>f the Council. He shall receive all
communications addressed W the Association during the intervals
between meetings, and properly attend to the same. He shall at
each meeting report the n&mes of fellows and members who have
died since the preceding meeting. He shall be allowed a salary
which shall be determined by the Council, and may employ one
or more clerks at such compensation as may be agreed upon by
the Council.
Treasurer.
Art. 15. The Treasurer shall invest the funds received by
him in such securities as may be directed by the Council. He
shall annually present to the Council an account of the funds in
his charge. No expenditure of the principal in the hands of the
Treasurer shall be made without a unanimous vote of the Council,
and no expenditure of the income received by the Treasurer shall
be made without a two- thirds vote of the Council. The Treasurer
shall give bonds for the faithful performance of his duty in such
manner and sum as the Council shall from time to time direct.
Secretaries of the Sections.
Art. 16. The Secretaries of the Sections shall keep the records
of their respective Sections, and, at the close of the meeting, give
the same, including the records of subsections, to the General
Secretary. They shall also be the Secretaries of the sectional
committees. The Secretaries shall have seniority in order of
their continuous membership in the Association.
Vacancies.
Art. 17. In case of a vacancy in the office of President, the
senior Vice-President shall preside, as provided in Article 10,
(33)
i
CONSTITUTION!
until the General Committee can be assembled and the vacancy
filled by election. Vacancies in the offices of Vice-President,
Permanent Secretary, Secretary of the Council, Secretaries of the
Sections, and Treasurer, shall be filled by the Council by ballot.
Council.
Art. 1 8. The Council shall consist of the Past Presidents, and
the Vice-Presidents of the last two meetings, together with the Presi-
dent, the Vice-Presidents, the Permanent Secretary, the General Sec-
retary, the Secretary of the Council, the Secretaries of the Sections,
and the Treasurer of the current meeting, of one fellow elected from
each Section by ballot on the first day of its meeting, of one
fellow elected by each affiliated society, and one additional fellow
from each affiliated society having more than twenty-five mem-
bers who are fellows of the Association, and of nine fellows elected
by the Council, three being annually elected for a term of three
years. The members present at any regularly called meeting of
the Council, provided there are at least five, shall form a quorum
for the transaction of business. The Council shall meet on the
day preceding each annual meeting of the Association, and arrange
the program for the first day of the sessions. The time and place
of this first meeting shall be designated by the Permanent Secre-
tary. Unless otherwise agreed upon, regular meetings of the Coun-
cil shall be held in the Council room at 9 o'clock A. M., on each day
of the meeting of the Association. Special meetings of the Council
may be called at any time by the President. The Council shall be
the board of supervision of the Association, and no business shall
be transacted by the Association that has not first been referred
to, or originated with, the Council. The Council shall decide
which papers, discussions, and other proceedings shall be published,
and have the general direction of the publications of the Associa-
tion; manage the financial affairs of the Association; arrange the
business and programs for General Sessions; suggest subjects for
discussion, investigation or reports; elect members and fellows;
and receive and act upon all invitations extended to the Associa-
tion and report the same at a General Session of the Association.
The Council shall receive all reports of Special Committees and
decide upon them, and only such shall be read in General
C34)
CONSTITUTION.
Session as the Council shall direct. The Council shall appoint
at each meeting the following subcommittees who shall act, sub-
ject to appeal to the whole Council, until their successors are
appointed at the following meeting: i, on Papers and Reports;
2. on Members; 3, on Fellows.
General Committee.
Art. 19. The General Committee shall consist of the Council
and one member or fellow elected by each of the Sections, who
shall serve until their successors are elected. It shall be the
duty of the committee to meet at the call of the President and
elect the general officers for the following meeting of the Associa-
tion. It shall also be the duty of this committee to fix the time
and place for the next meeting. The Vice-President and Secre-
tary of each Section shall be recommended to the General Com-
mittee by the Sectional Committee.
Meetings.
Art. 20. The Association shall hold a public meeting annually,
for one week or longer, at such time and place as may be deter-
mined by vote of the General Committee, and the preliminary
arrangements for each meeting shall be made by the Local Com-
mittee, in conjunction with the Permanent Secretary and such
other persons as the Council may designate.
But if suitable preliminary arrangements cannot be made, the
Council may afterward change the time and place appointed bv
the General Committee, if such change is believed advisable, by
two-thirds of the members present.
Art. 21. a General Session shall be held at 10 o'clock, A. M. ,
on the first day of the meeting, and at such other times as the
Council may direct.
Sections and Subsections.
Art. 22. The Association shall be divided into Sections,
namely: — A, Mathematics and Astronomy; B, Physics; C, Chemistry,
including its application to Agriculture and the Arts; D, Mechanical
Science and Engineering; E, Geology and Geography; F, Zoology;
G, Botany; H, Anthropology; I, Social and Economic Science; K,
Physiology and Experimental Medicine. The Council shall have
(35)
1
CONSTITUTION.
power to consolidate any two or more Sections temporarily, and
such consolidated Sections shall be presided over by the senior
Vice-President and Secretary of the Sections comprising it.
Sectional Committees.
Art. 33. Immediately on the organization of a Section there
shall be a member or fellow elected by ballot after open nomina-
tion, who, with the Vice-President and Secretary and the Vice-
President and Secretary of the preceding meeting, and the members
or fellows elected by ballot at the four preceding meetings, shall
form its Sectional Committee. The Sectional Committees shall
have power to. fill vacancies in their own numbers. Meetings of
the Sections shall not be held at the same time with a General
Session. The Sectional Committee may invite distinguished
foreign associates present at any meeting to serve as honorary
members of said Committee.
Art. 24. The Sectional Committee of any Section may at its
pleasure form one or more temporary Subsections, and may desig-
nate the officers thereof. The Secretary of a Subsection shall,
at the close of the meeting, transmit his records to the Secretary
of the Section.
Art. 25. No paper shall be read in any Section or Subsection
until it has been placed on the program of the day by the Sec-
tional Committee.
Art. 26. The Sectional Committees shall arrange and direct the
business of their respective Sections. They shall prepare the
daily programs and give them to the Permanent Secretary for
printing at the earliest moment practicable. No titles of papers
shall be entered on the daily programs except such as have passed
the Committee. No change shall be made in the program for the
day in a Section without the consent of the Sectional Committee.
The Sectional Committees may refuse to place the title of any paper
on the program ; but every such title, with the abstract of the paper or
the paper itself, must be referred to the Council with the reasons
why it was refused. The Sectional Committee shall also make
nominations to the General Committee for Vice-President and
Secretary of their respective Sections as provided for in Article 19.
Art. 27. The Sectional Committees shall examine all papers
and abstracts referred to the Sections, and they shall not place
(36)
CONSTITUTION.
on the program any paper inconsistent with the character of
the Association; and to this end they have power to call for any
paper, the character of which may not be sufficiently understood
from the abstract submitted.
Papers and Communications.
Art. a 8. All members and fellows must forward to the Secre-
tary of the proper Section or to the Permanent Secretary, as
early as possible, and when practicable before the convening of
the Association, full titles of all the papers which they propose
to present during the meeting, with a statement of the time that
each will occupy in delivery, and also such abstracts of their
contents as will give a general idea of their nature; and no title
shall be considered by a Sectional Committee until an abstract
of the paper or the paper itself has been received.
Art. 29. If the author of any paper be not ready when called
upon, in the regular order of the official program, tlie title may
be dropped to the bottom of the list.
Art. 30. Whenever practicable the proceedings and dis-
cussions at General Sessions, Sections and Subsections, shall be
reported by professional reporters, but such reports shall not
appear in print as the official reports of the Association unless
revised by the Secretaries.
Printed Proceedings.
Art. 31. The Permanent Secretary shall have the Proceedings
of each meeting printed in an octavo volume as soon after the
meeting as possible, beginning one month after adjournment.
Authors must prepare their papers or abstracts ready for the
press, and these must be in the hands of the Secretaries of the
Sections before the final adjournment of the meeting, otherwise
only the titles will appear in the printed volume. The Council
shall have power to order the printing of any paper by abstract
or title only. Whenever practicable, proofs shall be forwarded to
authors for revision. If any additions or substantial alterations
are made by the author of a paper after its submission to the
Secretary, the same shall be distinctly indicated. Illustrations must
be provided for by the authors of the papers, or by a special
appropriation from the Council. Immediately on publication of
(37)
CONSTITUTION.
the volume, a copy shall be forwarded to every member and fellow
of the Association who shall have paid the assessment for the
meeting to which it relates, and it shall also be offered for sale
by the Permanent Secretary at such price as may be determined
by the Council. The Council shall also designate the institutions
to which copies shall be distributed.
Local Committee.
Art. 32. The Local Committee shall consist of persons in-
terested in the objects of the Association and residing at or near
the place of the proposed meeting. It is expected that the Local
Committee, assisted by the officers of the Association, will make
all essential arrangements for the meeting, and issue a circular
giving necessary particulars, at least^one month before the meet-
ing.
Library of the Association.
Art. 33. All books and pamphlets received by the Association
shall be in charge of the Permanent Secretary, who shall have a
list of the same printed and shall furnish a copy to any member
or fellow on application. Members and fellows who have paid
their assessments in full shall be allowed to call for books and
pamphlets, which shall be delivered to them at their expense
on their giving a receipt agreeing to make good any loss or
damage, and to return the same free of expense to the Secretary
at the time specified in the receipt given. All books and pamphlets
in circulation must be returned at each meeting. Not more than
five books, including volumes, parts of volumes, and pamphlets,
shall be held at one time by any member or fellow. Any book
may be withheld from circulation by order of the Council. [The
Library of the Association was, by vote of the Council in 1895,
placed on deposit in the Library of the University of Cincinnati,
Ohio. Members can obtain the use of books by writing: to the
Librarian of the University Library, Cincinnati, Ohio.]
Admission Fee and Assessments.
Art. 34. The admission fee for members shall be five dollars
in addition to the annual dues. On the election of any mem-
ber as a fellow an additional fee of two dollars shall be paid.
(38;
CONSTITUTION.
Art. 35. The annual dues for members and fellows shall be
three dollars.
Art. 36. Any member or fellow who shall pay the sum of
fifty dollars to the Association, at any one time, shall become a
Life Member, and as such shall be exempt from all further assess-
ments, and shall be entitled to the Proceedings of the Association,
All money thus received shall be invested as a permanent fund,
the income of which, during the life of the member, shall form a
part of the general fund of the Association; but, after his death,
shall be used only to assist in original research, unless otherwise
directed by unanimous vote of the Council.
Art. 37. All fees and dues must be paid to the Permanent
Secretary, who shall give proper receipts for the same.
Accounts.
Art. 38. The accounts of the Permanent Secretary and of the
Treasurer shall be audited annually by Auditors appointed by
the Council.
Alterations of the Constitution.
Art. 39. No part of this Constitution shall be amended or
annulled, without the concurrence of three-fourths of the members
and fellows present in General Session, after notice given at a
General Session of a preceding meeting of the .Association.
(39)
\
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS
OF THiE
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION
FOR THiE
ADVANCEMENT OP SCIENCE.
(CORRBCTBO TO APKIL X, X904.}
SURVIVING POUNDERS.
[At the Brooklyn Meeting, 1894, a resolution was unanimously
adopted by which all the surviving founders of the Association
who have maintained an interest in science were made Honorary
Life Members of the Association in recognition of their pioneer
work in American Science.]
Abbot, Samuel L., Boston, Mass.
Bo YE, Martin H., Coopersburg, Pa.
GiBBs, Wolcott, Newport, R. I.
PATRONS.
[PenoQS contributing one thousand dollars or more to the Association are classed as
Patrons, and are entitled to the privileges of members and to the publications. The names of
Patrons are to remain permanently on the list.]
Thompson, Mrs. Elizabeth, Stamford, Conn. (aa). (Died July,
1899.)
Lilly, Gen. William, Mauch Chunk, Pa. (aS). (Died Dec. i,
1893.)
Hbrrman, Mrs. Esther, 59 West 56th St., New York, N. Y. (a9).
McMillin. Emerson, 40 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (37).
HONORARY FELLOWS.
[See Articlb VI of the Constitution.]
*RoGERS, Prop. William B., Boston, Mass. (i). 1881. (Born Dec.
7, Z804. Died May 30, F88a.) B E
♦Chbvreul, Michel Eugene, Paris, France. (35). 1886. (Born
Aug. 31, 1786. Died April 9, 1889.) C
♦Gbnth, Dr. F. a., Philadelphia, Pa. (34). 1888: (Born May 17,
i8ao. Died Feb. a, 189a.) C E
(40)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
*Hall» Prop. Jambs, Albany, N. Y. (i). 1890. (Bom in 181 1.
Died Aug. 7, 1898.)
*GouLD, Dr. Bbnjamin Apthorp, Cambridge, Mass. (3). 1895.
(Bom Sept. 37, 1834. Died Nov. a6, 1896.) A B
*Lbuckart, Prop. Rudolp. (44). 1895. (Bom in Helmstedt,
Braunschweig, Germany, Oct. 7, 1823. Died in Leipzig,
Feb. 7, 1898.) F
*Gibbs, Prop. Wolcott, Newport, R. I. (i). 1896. B C
♦Warinoton, Robert, P. R. S., Rothamsted, Harpenden, Eng-
land. (40). 1899. C
*Wb8Tinohousb, George, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). 1903. D
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
The names designated by an asterisk (*) are those of Fellows. (See Articlb IV of the
Constitution.) The number In parenthesis indicates the meeting at which the Member joined
the Association ; the date following 'i% the year when made a Fellow ; the black letters at end
of line are those of the Sections to which the Member or Fellow belongs. When the name is
l^ven in small capitals, it designates that the Member or Fellow is also a Life Member. Any
Member or Fellow may become a Life Member by the payment of fifty dollars. The income
of the money derived from a life membership is used for the general purposes of the Association
during the life of the Member; afterwards it is to be used to aid in original research. Life
Members are exempt from the annual assessment, and are entitled to the publications. The
names of Life Members are printed in small capitals in the regular list of Members and Fellows.
The Constitution requires that the names of all Members two years in arrears shall be
omitted from the list, but their names will be restored on payment of arrearages. Members not
in arrears are entitled to the publications of the Association, including the journal Science,
♦Abbe, Cleveland, Professor of Meteorology, Weather Bureau, U.
S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (16). 1874. A B
♦Abbe, Cleveland, Jr., U. S. (jeological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(44). 1899. E
Abbe, Truman, M. D., 2017 I St., N. W., Washington, D. C. (52).
K
♦Abbe, Dr. Robert. 13 W. 50th St., New York, N. Y. (36). 1892.
♦Abbot, Charles G., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
(49). 1902. B
♦Abbot, Dr. Samuel L., 90 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass. (i).
1898.
Abbott, Alexander C, Univ. of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. (52).
K
Abbott, Frank L., Professor of Physical Science, State Normal
School, Greeley, Colo. (50). B E
Abbott, Theodore Sperry, C. E., Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. (52).
♦Abel, John J., Professor of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins Uni-
versity, Baltimore, Md. (51). 1902. C
Abraham, Abraham, Brooklyn, N. Y. (43).
(41)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Acheson, Edward Goodrich, President of the International
Acheson Graphite Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. (50). 1903. C
♦Adams, Charles C, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
(50)- 1903- F
Adams, Charles Francis, Head of Science Department, Central
High School, Detroit, Mich. (53). B
Adams, Comfort A., 13 Farrar St., Cambridge, Mass. (47).
Adams, C. E., M. D., 29 West Broadway, Bangor, Me. (43). F
Adams, Edward Dean, 35 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Adams, Frederick C, Mechanic Arts High School, Boston, Mass.
(50). B C
Adams, Orr J., Telhiridc, Colo. (53). C
♦Adler, Isaac, M. D., 22 E. 62d St., New York, N. Y. (49). 1903. K
♦Adriance, John S., 105 E. 39th St., New York, N. Y. (39). 1895. C
Aguilera, Jos6 G., Director of the Geological Institute of Mexico,
Mexico City, Mexico. (53). E
Ailes, Hon. Milton E., Riggs National Bank, Washington, D. C.
(52). I
Ains worth, Herman Reeve, M. D., Addison, N. Y. (51). I K
Aitken, Robert G., Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton, Cal. (53) A
Akeley, Lewis E., Professor of Physics and Chemistry, University
of South Dakota. Vermillion, S. Dak. (51). B C
Albaugh, Maurice, Secretary of the Crescent Metallic Fence
Stay Co., Covington, Ohio. (51). D
Albert, Harry Lee, Professor of Biology, State Normal School,
Cape Girardeau, Mo. (53). F 6
Albrecht, Emil Poole, Secretary of The Bourse, 1523 N. 17th
St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). A D
Albrecht, Sebastian, Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton, Cai. (52). A
Albree, Chester B., Mechanical Engineer, 14-30 Market St.,
Allegheny, Pa. (50). D
♦Alden, John, Pacific Mills, Lawrence, Mass. (36). 1898.
♦Alderson, Victor C, President Colorado School of Mines, Golden,
Colorado. (50). 1903. D ■
♦Aldrich, Wm. S., Director, Thomas S. Clarkson Memorial School
of Technology, Potsdam, N. Y. (43). 1897. D
Alexander, Chas. Anderson, M. E., Johnston Harvester Co., 10
Vine St., Batavia, N. Y. (50). D
Alexander, Curtis, Mining Engineer, Cedral, San Luis Potosi,
Mexico. (50). E
Alexander, George E., Chemist and Mining Engineer, 1736 Champa
St., Denver, Colo. (50). C D
Alexander, Harry, E. E., M. E., 18 and 20 W. 34th St., New York,
N. Y. (50). D
Aley, Robert J., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Ind. (49).
MEMBERS AND FELLOWb.
AUabach, Miss Lulu F., Instructor in Biology and Zoology. Central
State Normal School, Lock Haven, Pa. (5-2V F
Allan. Chas. P., Newburgh, N. Y. (50). B E
Allderdice, Wm. H., Lieutenant U. S. Navy, Navy Dept., Wash-
ington, D. C. (33). D
AUeman, Gellert, Ph. D., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa.
(so). C
Allen, C. L., Floral Park, N. Y. (49).
Allen, Charles Metcalf , Assistant Prof, of Experimental Engineer-
ing, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass. (52) . D
Allen, Edwin West, Editor of Experiment Station Record, U. S. Dept.
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (52). I
♦Allen, Frank, Ph. D., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (49).
1903. B
Allen, Hon. F. I., Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.
(50. I
Allen, Glover Morrill, Secretary Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Perkins
Hall 68, Cambridge. Mass. (52). F
Allen, H. Jerome, M. D., 421 H St., N.E., Washington, D. C.
(51). K
Allen, Miss Jessie Blount, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (52). F
Allen, John Robins, Asst. Prof, of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (45). B D
Allen, Richard H., Chatham, N. J. (49).
Allen, Walter S., 34 S. Sixth St., New Bedford, Mass. (39). C I
Allis, Edward Phelps, Jr., Palais Carnol^s, Menton, France. (52). F
Allison, Charles Edward, M. D., Elysburg, Pa. (51). K
Allison. Hendery.M.D., 260 West 57th St., New York, N.Y. (50). K
Almond, Thomas R., M. E., 83-85 Washington St., Brooklyn,
N. Y. (51). D
♦Almy, John E., Ph. D., Instructor in Physics, University of Ne-
braska, Lincoln, Neb. (50). 190 1. B
Alpers, Wm. C, 45 West 31st St., New York, N. Y. (50). I
Alsop, E. B., 1502 20th St., N. W., Washington, D. C. (50). D
Alspach, E. F., 455 West Sixth Ave., Columbus, O. (48). H
Alt, Adolf. M. D., 3819 W. Pine Boulevard, St. Louis, Mo. (53). F
♦Alvord, Maj. Henry E., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (29). 1882. I
*Alwood, Prof. Wm. B., Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacks-
b.urg, Va. (39). 1891. F
Ames, Oakes, Assistant Director of the Botanic Garden of Har-
vard University, North Easton, Mass. (50). G
Amweg, Frederick James, Engineer and Manager, American-
Hawaiian Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., 218-222
Rialto Building, San Francisco, Cal. (51). D
(43)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Anders, Howard S., M. D., 1836 Wallace St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). K
Anderson, A. J. C, 127 Water St., New York, N. Y. (49).
* Anderson, Alexander P., American Cereal Co., Monadnock Build-
ing, Chicago, 111. (45). 1899. G
Anderson, Prof. Douglas S., Tulane Univ., New Orleans, La.
(49). BD
Anderson, Edwin Clinton, M. D., 726 Market St., Chattanooga,
Tenn. (51). K
Anderson, Prank, E. M., 255 Second East St., Salt Lake City,
Utah. (so). D E
Anderson, Frank P., Epworth, Iowa. (46).
Anderson, J. Hartley, M. D., 4630 Fifth Ave., Pittsburg, Pa.
(so). K
Anderson, James Thomas, Lieutenant U. S. Army, 1421 Wood Ave.,
Colorado Springs, Colo. (51).
Anderson, William G., M. D., Associate Director Yale Gymnasium,
New Haven, Conn. (52). H K
Anderson, Winslow, M. D., President of College of Physicians and
Surgeons of San Francisco, 1025 Sutter St., San Francisco,
Cal. (51). K
Andrews, Clement Walker, Librarian of The John Crerar Library,
Chicago, 111. (53). C
^Andrews, Frank Marion, Ph. D., Instructor in Botany, Indiana
University, Bloomington, Ind. (52). 1903. G
Andrews, Wm. Edward, Principal Township High School, 700
South Clay St., Taylorville, 111. (52). D
Andrews, William Symes, care Gen'l Elec. Co., Schenectady,
N. Y. (50). D E
Annear, John Brothers, 1028 Regent St., Boulder, Colo. (50). C
Anthony, Mrs. Emilia C, Gouvemeur, N. Y. (47). G
Anthony, Richard A., 122-124 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.
(49)-
♦Anthony, Prof. Wm. A., Cooper Union, New York, N. Y. (28).
1880. B
Apple, Joseph H., President of the Woman's College, Frederick,
Md. (52). I
♦Appleton, John Howard, Professor of Chemistry, Brown Uni-
versity, Providence, R. I. (50). 1901. C
Archer, George Frost, 31 Burling Slip, New York, N. Y. (50). D
Armitage. Thomas L., M. D., Princeton, Minnesota. (51). K
*Armsby, Henry Prentiss, Director Agrl. Expr. Station, State
College, Centre Co., Pa. (52). 1903. C
*Arnold, Bion Joseph, 4128 Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111. (50). 1903. D
Arnold, Delos, Olcott Place, Pasadena, Cal. (51).
(44)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Arnold, Ernst Hermann, M. D., Director New Haven Normal
School of Gymnastics, 46 York Square, New Haven, Conn.
(52). K
Arnold. Mrs. Francis B., loi W. 78th St., New York. N. Y. {40).
Arnold, Jacob H., Teacher of Natural Science, Redfield College,
Redfield, South Dakota. (50). I
Arnold, Ralph, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. (51). E
♦Arthur. J. C, D. Sc., Botanist Agric. Exper. Sta., Purdue Univ.,
Lafayette, Ind. (21). 1883. G
Asdale, William James. M. D., Professor of Gynecology, Western
Penna. Medical College, Pittsburg, Pa. (51). K
Ashbrook, Donald Sinclair, 3614 Baring St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(sO. C
Ashcraft, A. M., Ph.D., P. O. Box 742, Baltimore, Md. (52).
Ashe, W. Willard, Consulting Forester, Raleigh, N. C. (47).
♦Ashley, George Hall, Professor of Biology and Geology, College
of Charleston, Charleston, S. C. (51). 1903. E F
♦Ashmead, Wm. H., Department of Insects, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C. (40). 1892. F
Ashton. Charles Hamilton, Assistant in Mathematics, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. (53). A
Aspinwall, John, 290 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (49).
Atkins, Prof. Maa:tin D., 269 Forest Ave., River Forest, 111. (48). B
♦Atkinson, Edward, 31 Milk St., Boston, Mass. (29). 18S1. D I
♦Atkinson, George F., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (39).
1892. G
Atkinson, John B., Earlington, Ky. (26). D
♦Atwater, W. O., Professor of Chemistry, Wesleyan Univ., Middle-
town, Conn. (29). 1882. C
♦Atwell, Charles B., Northwestern Univ., Evanston, 111. (36).
1890. G
♦Auchincloss, Wm. S., Atlantic Highlands, N. J. (29). 1886. A D
♦Austen, Prof. Peter T., 80 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (44).
1896. C
Austin, Oscar P., Chief Bureau of Statistics, Washington, D. C.
(SI). "
♦Avery, Elroy M., Ph. D., LL.D., 657 Woodland Hills Ave..
Cleveland, Ohio. (37). 1889. B
AvBRY. Samuel P., 4 E. 38th St., New York, N. Y. (36).
Avis, Edward S., Ph. D., President North Georgia Agricultural Col-
lege, Dahlonega, Ga. (52).
Aycr, Edward Everett, 915 Old Colony Bldg., Chicago, 111. (37). H
Ayer, James I., 5 Main St. Park, Maiden, Mass. (50). D
♦Ayers, Howard, President Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(49). 190X. F
(45)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Aylesworth, Barton O., President of the State Agricultural College,
Fort Collins. Colo. (50). I
♦Ayres, Prof. Brown, Tulane University, New Orleans, La. (31).
18S5. B ■
Ayres, Horace B., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. (40).
Babcock, Charles A., Supt. Schools, Oil City, Pa. (52). F
♦Babcock, Prof. S. Moulton, 432 Lake St., Madison, Wis. (33).
1885. C
Bacon, Arthur Avery, Professor of Physics, Hobart College, Geneva,
N. Y. (53). B
Baerecke, John F., M. D., Professor of Biology, Stetson University,
DeLand, Fla. (50). F K
Bagby, J. H. C, Dept. Physical Science, Hampden-Sidney College,
Hampden-Sidney, Va. (50). B
♦Bagg, Rufus Mather, Jr., Ph. D., High School, Brockton, Mass.
(49). 1903. E
Baogaley, Ralph, Pittsburg, Pa. C50). D
♦Bailey, E. H. S., Professor of Chemistry, Univ. of Kansas, Law-
rence, Kan. (25). 1889. C E
Bailey, E. P., In charge Department of Geology and Geography,
Brockton High School, Brockton, Mass. (52). E
Bailey, Frank H., Lieut. Com'dr, U. S. N., U. S. F. S. " Brooklyn."
care of Postmaster, New York, N. Y. (52). D
♦Bailey, Solon Irving, Associate Prof. Astronomy, Harvard Ob-
servatory, Cambridge, Mass. (50). 1901. A
Bailey, Vernon, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(52). F
♦Bain, Samuel M., Professor of Botany, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, Tenn. (50). 1902. G
Bair, Joseph Hershey, Ph. D., Columbia University, New York,
N. Y. (52). H K
Baird, John Wallace, Carnegie Research Assistant in Psychology,
Cornell Univerpity, Ithaca, N. Y. (53). H
Baird, Robert Logan, Assistant in Laboratories, Oberlin College,
Oberlin, Ohio. (53). F
Baker, A. G., Springfield, Mass. (44).
♦Baker, Frank, M. D., 1728 Columbia Road, Washington, D. C.
(31). 1886. F H K
Baker, Frederic, 815 Fifth Ave., New York. N. Y. (49).
Baker, Hugh P., Yale Forest School, New Haven, Conn.
(51). e
♦Baker, James H., President of the University of Colorado, Boulder,
Colo. (50). 1903. I
Balch, Alfred William, Assistant Surgeon, U.S. N ., Navy Depart-
ment, Washington, D. C. (52). C K
(46)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Balch, Edwin Swift, 141 2 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
1903. E H
Balch, Francis Noyes, Prince St., Jamaica Plain, Mass. (50). F
Balch, Samuel W.. 67 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (43).
Baldwin, Mrs. G. H., 3 Madison Ave., Detroit, Mich. (34). H
Baldwin, Herbert B., 9-1 1 Franklin St., Newark, N. J. (43).
♦Baldwin, Prof. J. Mark, Princeton, N. J. (46). 1898. H
♦Baldwin, Hon. Simeon E., Associate Judge of Supreme Court
of Errors, New Haven, Conn. (50). 1901. I
♦Baldwin. S. Prentiss, 736 Prospect St., Cleveland, Ohio. (47).
1900. E
Baldwin, William Dickson, 25 Grant Place, Washington, D. C.
(52). E
♦Ball, Carleton R., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(49). 1902- 6
♦Ball, Elmer Darwin, Professor of Animal Biology, State Agricid-
tural College, Logan, Utah. (50). 1903. F
Ball. Miss Helen Augusta, 43 Laurel St., Worcester, Mass.
(so). F
Ballard, C. A., Curator of Museum, State Normal School, Moor-
head, Minn. (51).
♦Ballard, Harlan H., 50 South St., Pittsfield, Mass. (31). 1891.
E F
♦Balliet, Thomas M., Supt. of Schools, Springfield, Mass. (48) . 1903.
H I
Bancroft, Alonzo C, Elma, New York. (41).
Bancroft, Frank Watts, Ph. D., Instructor in Physiology, Uni-
versity of California, Berkeley, Cal. (50). F K
Bancroft, John Sellers, M. E., 3310 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). D
♦Bancroft, Wilder Dwight, Professor of Chemistry, Cornell Uni-
versity, Ithaca, N. Y. (50). 1901. B C
Bangs, Lemuel Bolton, M. D., 39 E. 72d St., NewYork, N. Y.
(36).
♦Bangs, Outram, 240 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (47). 1900. F
Banker, Howard J., Prof. Biology, Southwestern Normal School,
California, Pa. (51). G
Banks. William C, Electrician, Gordon Battery Co., 439 E. 144th
St., New York, N. Y. (50). D
Banta, Arthur M., Univ. of Indiana, Bloomington. Ind. (53). F
Barber, Amzi L., 7 E. 4 2d St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Barbour, Miss Carrie Adeline, Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Nebraska,
Lincoln, Neb. (53). E
♦Barbour, Erwin Hinckley, Prof, of Geology, Univ. of Nebraska,
Lincoln, Neb. (45). 1898. E
(47)
MEilBERS AND FELLOWS.
Barbour, Thomas, 50 White St., New York, N. Y. (50). F
Barck, Dr. Carl, 2715 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo. (52).
♦Bardeen, Charles Russell, Anatomical Laboratory, Wolfe and
Monument Sts., Baltimore, Md. (50). 1901. F K
Bardeen, Charles William, 406 So. Franklin St., Syracuse, N. Y.
(50.
Bardwell, Darwin L., District Supt. of Schools, Borough of Rich-
mond, Stapleton, N. Y. (52).
Barkan, Adolph, M. D., LL.D., Mutual Savings Bank Bldg., San
Francisco, Cal. (51). K
*Barkbr, Prop. G. F., 3909 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. U3)-
1875. B C
Barker, Mrs. Martha M., 42 Eleventh St., Lowell, Mass. (31). E H
Barlow, John, A. M., State College of Agriculture, Kingston, R. 1.
(SI). F
♦Barnard, Edward E., Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis.
(26). 1883. A
Barnes, Albert, Clemson College, S. C. (49). D
♦Barnes, Charles Reid, Ph. D., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
(33). 1885. G
Barnes, Edward W., Box 446, New York, N. Y. (49).
Bamett, Robert Crary, 3023 East 20th St., Kansas City, Mo.
(51)- ">
Bamhart, Arthur M., 185 Monroe St., Chicago, 111. (4>).
♦Bamhart, John H., M. D., Tarrytown, N. Y. (49). 1903. G
Bamsley, George Thomas, C. E., Oakmont, Pa. (51). D
♦Barnum, Miss Charlotte C, Ph. D., U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey, Washington, D. C. (36). 1896. A
Barr, Charles Elisha, Professor of Biology, Albion College, Albion,
Mich. (50). F
♦Barr, John Henry, care of Smith Premier Typewriter Co., Syra-
cuse, N. Y. (51). 1903. D
Barren, Joseph, 105 Bishop St., New Haven, Conn. (51). t
Barrie, Dr. George, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md. (49)-
H I
Barringer, Daniel Moreau, Geologist and Mining Engineer, 460
Bullitt Building, Philadelphia, Pa. (50). D E
♦Barrows, Walter B., Agricultural College, Mich. (40). 1897. F
♦Bartlett, Prof. Edwin J., Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H.
(a8). 1883. C
Bartlett, Francis, 40 State St., Boston, Mass. (50). I
Bartlett, George Miller, Instructor in Physics and Mathematics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (52). B
♦Bartlett, John R., Captain, U. S. N., Lonsdale, R. I. (30). 1882.
B E
(48)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
♦Bartley, Elias H., M. D., 21 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
(S3)' 1894. C
* Barton, G. E., 212 North 3d St., Millville, N. J. (46). 1898. C
♦Barton, George Hunt, Dept. of Geology, Mass. Inst. Tech., Bos-
ton, Mass. (47). 1900. E
Barton, Philip Price, E. E., Sup't Niagara Palls Power Co., 127
Buffalo Ave., Niagara Falls. N. Y. (50). D E
♦Barton, Samuel M., Ph. D., The Univ. of the South, Sewance,
Tenn. (43). 1899. ^
Bartow, Edward, Ph. D., Kansas State University, Lawrence,
Kan. (47). C
Bartsch, Paul, Ph. D., Instructor in Zoology, Columbian Univ.,
Washington, D. C. (52). F
♦Bsunis, Carl, Ph. D., Wilson Hall, Brown Univ., Providence, R. I.
(33). 1887. B
Barwell, John William, Waukegan, 111. (47).
♦Bascom, Miss Florence, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.
(42). 1897. E
Bashore, Dr. Harvey B., West Fairview, Pa. (46). E
♦Baskerville, Charles, Professor of Chemistry, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. (41). 1894. C E
Baskctt, James Newton, Mexico, Mo. (50). F I
Basqtdn, Olin H., Associate Piofessor of Physics, Northwestern
University, Evanston, 111. (53). B D
Bassett, Carroll Phillips, Ph. D., Civil and Consulting Engineer,
Summit, N. J. (51). D
Bates, Henry H., Ph. D., The Portland, Washington, D. C. (52).
A B D
Bates, Rev. John Mallery, Red Cloud, Neb. (51). 6 1
Bauder, Arthur Russell, Instructor in Physics, Boardman High
School, New Haven, Conn. (50). B
♦Bauer, Louis A., Ph. D., U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington,
D. C. (40). 1892. A
Baumgardt, B. R., ' 626 W. 30th Street, Los Angeles, Cal.
(51). A
♦Bausch, Edw., P. O. Drawer 1033, Rochester, N. Y. (26). 1883.
ABCF
Bausch, Henry, P. O. Drawer 1033, Rochester, N. Y. (41).
Bawden, H. Heath, Professor of Psychology and Philosophy,
Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (51). F
Baxter, James Phinney, President, Maine Historical Society,
Portland, Maine. (50). H I
Beach, Miss Alice M., St. Anthony Park, Minn. (50). F
Beach, Char]es Coffing, M. D., 54 Woodland St., Hartford, Conn.
(So).J( F K
(49>
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Beach, Henry Harris Aubrey, M. D., 28 Commonwealth Ave.,
Boston, Mass. (50). F K
♦Beach, Spencer Ambrose, N. Y. Agric. Exper. Station. Geneva,
N. Y. (41). 1900. G
Beach, William Harrison, Teacher of History and Civics, East
Division High School, 239 Pleasant St., Milwaukee. Wis. (52).
Beahan, Willard, Division Engineer, C. St N. W. Ry., 220 W. 6th
St., Winona, Minn. (51). D
Beal, Walter Henry, Assistant, Office of Experiment Stations.
U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (52).
♦Beal, Wm. James, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, Agricultural
College, Mich. (17). 1880. G
Beaman, George Herbert, 2232 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (52). I
♦Beardsley, Arthur E., Professor of Biology, Colorado State
Normal School, Greeley, Colo. (50). 190 1. F
Beates, Henry, Jr., M. D., President of State Board of Medical
Examiners, 1504 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). K
Beatty, James W. F., Pitcairn, Pa. (51).
Bebb, Edward C, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
($2). E
Becher, Franklin A., 234 Oneida St., Milwaukee, Wis. (41). A I
Beck, Carl, M. D., Professor of Surgery in New York Postgraduate
Medical School and President of St. Mark's Hospital, 37 E.
31st St., New York, N. Y. (51). K
♦Becker, Dr. Geo. F., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
(36). 1890. E
Beckwith, Miss Florence, 394 Alexander St., Rochester, N. Y.
(45). e
♦Bedell, Frederick, Ph. D., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. (41).
1894. A B
Beebe, Charles William, Curator of Ornithology, N. Y. Zoological
Park, New York, N. Y. (53). F
Beede, Joshua William, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.
(so). E
Beekman, Gerard, 47 Cedar St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Beers, M. H., 410 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50). I
♦Behrend, Bernhard Arthur, C. E., E. E., Station H, Cincinnati,
Ohio. (50). 1903. D E
♦Bell, Alex. Graham, Ph.D., 1331 Conn. Ave., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (26). 1879. B H I
♦Bell, Alex. Melville, 1525 35th St., Washington, D. C. (31). 1885.
H
♦Bell, Albert T., Professor of Botany, Wesleyan Univ., University
Place, Neb. (52). 1903. G
(50)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Bell, C. M.. M. D., 320 Fifth Ave, New York, N. Y. (36).
Bell, George, Mineralogist, 200 S. Washington Ave., Denver, Colo.
(50). E G
Bell, Guido, M. D., 431 £. Ohio St., Indianapolis, Ind. (51). K
Bell, John Everett, M. £., care of The Stirling Co., Barberton, Ohio.
(53). D
*Bell, Robert, M. D., LL.D., F. R. S., Geol. Survey, Ottawa,
Can. (38). 1889. E F
Bellows, Horace M., M. D., Huntingdon Valley, Pa. (51). K
Belmont, August, 23 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (50). I
*Beman, Wooster W., 813 E. Kingsley St., Ann Arbor, Mich.
(34). 1886. A
Bement, A., 218 La Salle St., Chicago, 111. (52).
BSndrat, Rev. Thomas Albert, Spencer, So. Dak. (52).
Benedict, Harris Miller, Instructor in Biology, University of
Cincinnati, 103 West St. Clair St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (52). F
Benedict, James H., 704 Lords Court, New York, N. Y. (49)
Benham, J. W., 138 West 42d St., New York, N. Y. (52). H
♦Benjamin, Marcus, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
(27). 1887. C I
♦Benjamin, Rev. Raphael, M. A., Hotel St. George, Brooklyn,
N. Y. (34). 1887. E F G H
♦Bcnneson, Miss Cora Agnes, A. M., LL. B., 4 Mason St., Cam-
bridge, Mass. (47). 1899. H I
Bennett, Charles W., Coldwater, Mich. (50). E
Bennett, Edward, Electrical Engineer, Amber Club, Pittsburg,
Pa. (52). D
Bennett, Henry C, 4th Flat, 1692 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
(43).
Bennett, Rev. N. E., Wilmington, Ohio. (47). A
♦Bennett, William Z., Ph. D., Director of Chemical Laboratory,
Univ. of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio. (48). 1903. C
Benson, Frank Sherman, 214 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(49)-
*Bentley, William B., Professor of Chemistrj', Ohio University,
Athens, Ohio. (51). 1903. C
Bentley, Wilson A., Jericho, Vt. (48).
Benton, John Robert, Ph. D., 132 A St., N.E., Washington, D. C.
(SI). ■
"♦Bergey, David H., S. E. cor. 34th and Locust Sts., Philadelphia,.
Pa. (48). 1903. K
*Bergstr6m, John Andrew, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Psy*
chology and Pedagogy, Indiana University, Bloomington^
Ind. (50). 1901. I
Berkeley, Wm. N., Ph. D., Box 466, San Juan, Porto Rico. (49). C
(SO
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Berkey, Charles Peter, Ph. D., Tutor in Geology, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (50). E
Bermann, I., M. D., The Plaza, Washington, D. C. (49). H
Bemays, Augustus Charles, M. D., 3623 Laclede Ave., St. Louis,
Mo., (50). F K
Bemheimer, Charles L., 43 E. 63d St., New York, N. Y.
(49).
Berry, Daniel, M. D., Carmi, IlL (41). B C E
Berry, Edgar H.. care C. W. Hunt Co., West New Brighton, N. Y.
(so). D
Berry, Edward W., News Building, Passaic, N. J. (50). G
Berry, John Wilson, C. E., Pittston, Pa. (47).
♦Bessey, Charles Edwin, Ph. D., LL.D,, Univ. of Nebraska,
Lincoln, Neb. (21). 1880. G
♦Bessey, Ernst A., U. S. Dep't Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(49). 1901. G
Bessey, J. Mortimer, M. D., 1814 Adams St., Toledo, Ohio. (51). K
Bethea, Solomon Hix, U. S. Attorney, Chicago Club, Chicago, 111.
(50). I
♦Bethune, Rev. C. J. S., 500 Dufferin Ave., London, Ontario, Can-
ada. (18). 1875. F
Bevier, Miss Isabel, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, 111. (46). C
♦Beyer, Prof. Samuel W., Iowa Agricultural College, Ames, Iowa.
(47). 1900. E
Beyer, T. Raymond, C. E., 119 Maplewood Ave., Germantown,
Pa. (52).
♦Bickmore, Prof. Albert S., Amer. Mus. Nat. History, Central
Park, New York, N. Y. (17). 1880. H
Biddle, James G., 1024 Stephen Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
(33).
Bien, Julius, 140 Sixth Ave., New York, N. Y. (34). E H
Bierbaum, Christopher H., M. E., Consulting Engineer, 330 Pru-
dential Building, Buffalo. N. Y. (53). D
Bierly, Prof. H. E., State Seminary, Tallahassee, Fla. (49). H
Bierwirth, Julius C, M. D., 137 Montague St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
(si). K
♦Bigelow, Prof. Frank H., U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington,
D. C. (36). 1888. A
Bigelow, Henry Bryant, Cohasset, Mass. (52).
♦Bigelow,'Maurice Alpheus, Ph, D., Instructor in Biology, Teachers'
College, Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y. (51). 1903. F
♦Bigelow, Robert Payne, Ph. D., Mass. Institute of Technology, Bos-
ton. Mass. (51). 1903. F
♦Bigelow, S. Lawrence Ph. D., Asst. Professor of General Chemistry,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (51). 1903. C
(52)
MBMBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
Bigelow, W. D., Bureau of Chemistry, Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. (53). 0
Biggins, J. Edgar, care of Gulf Refining Co., Port Arthur, Texas.
(s«). c
Biggs, Charles, 13 Astor Place, New York, N. Y. (50). I
Bigney, Andrew J., Professor of Biology and Geology, Moores
Hill College, Moores Hill, Ind. (50). E F
Billings, Miss E., 279 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. (50). I
Birge, Edward A., Dean of College of Letters and Science, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (53). 0 I
Bishop, Hbbbr R., Mills Building, New York, N. Y. (36).
Bishop, James Hall, 2309 Washington St., San Francisco, Cal.
(SI). H
Bishop, Mrs. Josephine Hall, 3309 Washington St., San Francisco,
Cal. (51). H
Bishop, L. B., M. D., 356 Orange St., New Haven, Conn. (50). I
Bissell, G. W., Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State
College, Ames, Iowa. (53). D
Bissell, Leslie Dayton, Ph. D., Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Conn.
(SO). B
Bitner, Henry F., Ph. D., Teacher of Natural Science, MillersviUe
State Normal School, Millersville, Pa. (52). B C G
♦BiXBY, Major W. H., Corps of Engineers, U. S. A. (address un-
settled during 1904). (34). Z892. D
Black, Homer V., Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.
(sa). c
Black, N. Henry, 26 Trowbridge St., Cambridge, Mass. (50). B
Blackall, Clarence Howard, Architect, i Somerset St., Boston,
Mass. (50). D
Blackburn, Joseph £., State Dairy and Food Commissioner,
Columbus, Ohio. (50). F I
*Blackmar, Frank Wilson, Professor of Sociology and Economics,
University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. (50). 1903. H I
[ Blackmore, Henry S., 206 S. 9th Ave., Mount Vernon, N. Y. (49).
Blackshear, Edward Levoisier, Principal of the Prairie View
State Normal and Industrial College, Prairie View, Texas.
(52). H I
Blain, Alexander W., Jr., 131 Elm wood Ave., Detroit, Mich. (5 a) .
*Blair, Andrew Alexander, 406 Locust St., Philadelphia, PA. (44).
1896. C
Blair, Mfs. Eliza N., Manchester, N. H. (40).
'^ Blake, Clarence J., M. D., 226 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.
(24). 1877. B F
^Blake, Edwin Mortimer, 19 10 Addison St., Berkeley, Cal. (43).
1901. A
^53)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
*Blake, Francis, Atibumdale, Mass. (23). 1S74. A B
Blake, John Bapst, M. D., 178 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (50). F K
Blake, Joseph A., M. D., 601 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.
(50). FK
Blakeman, Mrs. Birdseye, 9 E. 44th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Blaker, Ernest, Instructor in Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca,
N. Y. (51). B.
Blakeslee. Albert Francis, 12 Kirkland Place. Cambridge, Mass.
(52).
Blakeslee, Olin Safford, Magnolia, Colo. (50 ). B D E
Blanchard, Arthur Horace, C. £., Instructor in Engineering,
Brown University, Providence, R. I. (52). B D
Bland, John Carlisle, Engineer of Bridges, Penna. Lines West of
Pittsburg, X003 Penn Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D
Blanldnship, Joseph William, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, Mon-
tana State College, Bozeman, Montana. (51). G
Blasdale, Walter Charles, Ph. D., Instructor in Chemistry, Uni-
versity of California, Berkeley, Cal. (50). C
Blauvelt, Harrington, Mining Engineer, Prescott, Arizona, (51).
D E
♦Bleile, Albert M., M. D., State University, Columbus, Ohio. (37).
1896. F
Blish, W. G., Niles, Mich. (33). B D
Bliss, Charles B., Ph. D., Hampden, Mass. (49). H I
Bliss, Hon. Cornelius N., 117 Duane St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Blodgett, Frederick H., Asst. Professor of Botany, Agricultural
College, College Park, Md. (52). G
Bloodgood, John H., 6 W. 40th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Blount, Henry Fitch, '* The Oaks," Washington, D. C. (32). B I
Blum, Sanf ord, M. D. , 1 243 Franklin St. , San Francisco, Cal. (52) . K
Boas, Emil L., 37 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50). I
♦Boas, Dr. Franz, Am. Mus. Nat. History, Central Park, New
York, N. Y. (36). 1888. H I
♦Bodine, Prof. Donaldson, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.
(45). 1899. E F
♦Bogert, Marston Taylor, Havemeyer Hall, Columbia Univ.,
New York, N. Y. (47). 1900. C
Bolce, Harold, The Franconia, Washington, D. C. (52). D F ft
BoUes, Newton Alden, 1457-59 Ogden St., Denver, Colo. (50). C
♦BoUey, Henry L., Agricultural College, North Dakota. (39). 1892. 6
♦Bolton, Thaddeus L., Ph. D., Dept. Philosophy, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (50). 1901. H I
♦Bond, Geo. M., 141 Washington St., Hartford, Conn. (33)>
1885. D
Bond, R. I., M. D., Hartshome, Ind. Ter. (50). K
(54)
MBMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Bonnet, Frederic, Jr., 2719 Russell Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (53). I
♦Bookman, Samuel. Ph. D., 9 E. 62d St., New York, N. Y. (47).
1900. C
Boon, John Daniel, Professor of Physics, Chemistry and Geology,
John Tarleton College, Stephenville, Texas. (50). B C E
Booraem, J. V. V., 204 Lincoln Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. (36).
Booth, Edward, Instructor in Chemistry, Univ. of California,
Berkeley, Cal. (50). C
♦Booth, Miss Mary A., 60 Dartmouth St., Springfield, Mass. (34)*
1S94. F G I
Bossi, Arnold L., Ph. D., Chemist and Colorist, Manchester Mills,
Manchester, N. H. (50}. C
Boston, L. Napoleon, M. D., 153 1 S. BroadJSt., Philadelphia,
Pa. (51). K
Boucek, Anthony J., M. D., 624 Chestnut St., Allegheny, Pa.
(51). K
♦Bouscaren, Louis Frederic Gustav, Chief Engineer, Water Works
Commission, City Hall, Cincinnati, Ohio. (50). 1901. D
♦Bouton, Charles Leonard, Instructor in Mathematics, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass. (50). 1901. A
BoutwcU, John Mason, U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
(46). E
♦Bowditch, Charles P., 28 State St., Boston, Mass. (43). 1897. ^
Bowditch, Miss Charlotte, Pond St., Jamaica Plain, Mass. (50}. I
♦Bowditch, Prof. H. P., Jamaica Plain, Mass. (28). 1880. B F H
Bowker, R. R., 28 Elm St.. New York, N. Y. (43). B
Bowlus, E. Lingan, Professor of Biology, Monmouth College,
Monmouth, 111. (50). F
Bowman, Charles Henry, Professor of Mechanics and Electrical
Engineering, State School of Mines, Butte, Mont. (51). D
Bowman, Joseph H., Resident Engineer, Vera Cruz and Pacific
Ry., Apartado 21, Cordoba, Mexico. (50). D
Bownocker, Prof. J. A., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
(48). E
♦Bowser. Prof. E. A., Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. (28),
z88i.
♦Boyd, James E., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. (46). 1899.
B D
♦BorB, Martin H., M. D., Coopersburg, Pa. (i). 1896. C
♦Brace, Prof. D. B., Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (48). 1900. B
♦Bracken, Henry Martyn, M. D., lozo Fourth St. S.E., Minneapolis,
Minn. (51}. 1903. K
Brackbnridgb, Gborgb W., San Antonio, Texas. (41). I
Brackett, Byron B., Ph. D., Clarkson School of Technology. Pots-
dam, N. Y. (46). B
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Brackett, Prof. C. F., Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
(19). 1875. B
Brackett, Prank Parkhtirst, Professor of Mathematics, Pomona
College, Claremont, Cal. (50). A
^Brackett, Richard N., Clemson College, S. C. (37). 1891. C E
♦Bradford, Royal B., Commander, U. S. N., Navy Dept., Wash-
ington, D. C. (31). 1891. B D
Bradley, Arthur C, Newport, N. H. (43).
Bradley, Charles S., 44 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (40).
Bradley, Charles Whiting, 1064 ElHcott Square, Buffalo, N. Y.
(SI). D
Bradley, Milton, Springfield, Mass. (44). B
Bradley, M. J., 373 Fulton St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (43).
Bradley, Stephen Rowe, Nyack, New York. (51).
Bradley, Walter Parke, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry, Wesleyan
University, Middletown, Conn. (50). C
Brainerd, Erastus, Seattle, Wash. (52).
Bramwell, Geo. W., 335 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (43). D
♦Branner, Prof. John C, Stanford University, Cal. (34). 1886. E F
Brasefield, Stanley Eugene, Instructor in Mathematics, Lafayette
College, Easton, Pa. (50). A
*Brashear, John A., Allegheny, Pa. (33). 1885. A B D
Brassill, Miss Sarah Ellen, South Weymouth, Mass. (47). F G
Braunnagel, Jules L. A., M. D., P. O. Box 925, San Antonio,
Texas. (50). F
♦Bray, William L., Professor of Botany, Univ. of Texas, Austin,
Texas. (49). 1901. G
Brayton, Sarah H., M. D., The Hereford, Evanston, III. (33).
Breed, Robert Stanley, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Allegheny
College, Meadville, Pa. (51). F
Brett, George P., Darien, Conn. (49).
♦Brewer, Charles Edward, Professor of Chemistry, Wake Forest
College, Wake Forest, N. C. (50). 1903. C
♦Brewer, Prof. Wm. H., 418 Orange St., New Haven, Conn. (ao).
1875. E F I
Brewster, Edwin Tenney, Instructor in Natural Sciences, Phillips
Academy, Andover, Mass. (51).
Brewster, Frank H., M. E., 154 Fargo Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (51). D
Brice, Judge Albert G., 901 Hennen Bldg., New Orleans, La. (32).
H
Bridge, Norman, M. D., loo Grand Ave., Pasadena, Cal. (51). K
Briggs, Edward Cornelius, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
(50). FK
♦Briggs, Lyman J., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(48). 1901. B
(56) .
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Briggs, Wallace Alvin, M. D.» 1005 K St., Sacramento, Cal. (51). K
*Brigham, Albert Perry, Professor of Geology, Colgate Univ.,
Hamilton, N. Y. (41). 1900. E
Bright, Richard Riggs, Ordnance Bureau, Navy Dept., Washing-
ton. D. C. (52). D
Brill, George M., Consulting Engineer, 11 34 Marquette Building,
Chicago, 111. (51). D
Bristol, John I. D., Metropolitan Building, New York, N. Y. (49).
^Bristol, Wm. H., Stevens Institute, Hoboken, N. J. (36). 1894.
A B D
Brittin, Lewis H., Ansonia, Conn. (52). H
♦Britton, N. L., Ph. D., N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx Park,
New York, N. Y. (29). 1882. E 6
Britton, Wilev. Special Pension Examiner, Springfield, Mo. (40) . F
Brock, Luther S., M. D., Morgantown, W. Va. (51). K
Brodhead, Mark, 1733 19th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52).
Brodie, Patd Thomas, Professor of Mathematics, Clemson College,
Clemson College, S. C. (50). A
Bronson, Dr. E. B., 10 W. 49th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Brooks, Albert A., High School, Kansas City, Kan. (50). F 6
Brooks, Alfred Hulse, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(52). E
Brooks, Charles, Botanical Laboratory, University of Missouri,
Columbia, Mo. (53). 6
Brooks, Charles Edward, Lake Roland, Md. (52). A
Brooks, Rev. Earle Amos, Waverly, W. Va. (50). F
♦Brooks, Wm. Keith, M. D., Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md.
(52). 1903- ^
Brooks, Prof. Wm. P., Amherst, Mass. (38). C F
♦Brooks, Wm. R., D. Sc, Director Smith Observatory and Pro-
fessor of Astronomy, Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y. (35).
1886. A B D
Broome, G. Wiley, M. D., 612 N. Taylor Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (51). K
Browne, Aldis B., 1419 F St. N.W., Washington, D. C. (52). I
Brown, Amos Peaslee, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Geology and
Mineralogy, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (50). E
Brown, Arthur Erwin, Secy. Zoological Society of Philadelphia,
1208 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). F
Brown, Austin H., Jr., Genl. Mgr. Trinity Copper Co., Kennett,
Cal. (52). D
Browne, Charles A., Jr., Ph. D., Exper. Station, Audubon Park,
New Orleans, La. (s^)-
Brown, Rev. Clement, 1440 M St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52) .
Brown, Edgar, Botanist in charge of Seed Laboratory, Depart-
ment Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (52). G
(i57)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Brown, Elisha Rhodes, President Stafford Savings and National
Banks, 50 Silver St., Dover, N. H. (50). I
Brown, Ellis W., Supervising Principal of Public Schools, 924 24th
St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52).
Brown, George P., President The Public School Publishing Co.,
Bloomington, 111. (52). I
Brown, Glenn V., 1302 Jefferson St., Wilmington, Del. (51). B C E
Brown Harold W., Delaware College, Newark, Del. (48). B C
Brown, John C, Instructor in Zoology, Univ. of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn. (52). F K
Brown. Joseph Stanford, 489 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. (50).
D
Brown, Linus Weed, 741 Carondelet Street, New Orleans, La.
(53). D
Brown, Philip King, M. D., 161 2 Van Ness Ave., San Francisco,
Cal. (51). K
♦Brown, Robert, Yale University Observatory, New Haven, Conn.
(11). 1874. A
♦Brown, Mrs. Robert, Observatory Place, New Haven, Conn. (17).
1874.
Brown, Robert Marshall, 35 Eighth St., New Bedford, Mass. (48).
Brown, Samuel B., Morgantown, W. Va. (40). E
Brown, Stewardson, 20 E. Penn St., Germantown, Pa. (50). I
♦Brown, S. J., U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis,Md. (49). 1902. A
Brown, W. L., 42 West 72d St., New York, N. Y. (50). I
Brownell, Silas B.. 71 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (36).
Browning, Charles Clifton, M. D., Highland, Cal. (51). K
♦Browning, Philip Embury, Kent Chemical Laboratory, Yale Uni-
versity, New Haven, Conn. (46). 1903. C
Browning, William, M. D., 54 Lefferts Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(S3). K
Bruggerhof, F. W., 36 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Brundage, Albert H., M. D., 1073 Bushwick Ave., Brooklyn,
N. Y. (43). F 6 H
Bruner, Henry Lane, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Butler College,
Indianapolis, Ind. (50). F
♦Bruner, Lawrence, Professor of Entomology, Univ. of Nebraska*
Lincoln, Neb. (50). 190 1. F
Brunton, David William, Mining Engineer, 865 Grant Ave.,
Denver, Colo. (50). D E
♦Brush, Charles F., 1003 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. (35).
1886. B
♦Brush, Prop. Gborgb J., Yale Univ., New Haven, Conn. (4).
1874. C E
Bryan, Joseph Hammond, 818 17th St., Washington, D. C. (52).
(58)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Bryan, Dr. Walter, Instructor in Biology, College of City of New
York, 139 East 21st St., New York, N. Y. (52). F
♦Bryan, Prof. William L., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Ind. (49).
1900. H
Bryant, Miss D. L., 218 Ashe St., Greensboro, N. C. (42.) E
Bryant, Henry G., 2013 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). E
Bryson, Andrew, C. E., Brylgon Fovindry, Reading, Pa. (51). D
Buchanan, James Isaac, Vice-President Pittsburg Trust Co., Cones-
toga Building, Pittsburg, Pa. (51). I
Buchholz, Carl Waldemar, Chief Engineer, Erie R.R. Co., 21
Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. (51). D E
♦Buchner, Edward Franklin, Ph. D., Professor of Philosophy and
Education, University of Alabama, University, Ala. (49).
1901. H
♦Buckhout, W. A., State College, Pa. (20). i88x. F
Buckingham, Chas. L., 38 Park Row, New York, N. Y. (28).
Buckley, Ernest Robertson, Ph. D., Director Bureau of Geo-
logy and Mines and State Geologist of Missouri, Rolla, Mo.
(s»)- E
Budington, Robert A., Mt. Hermon, Mass. (52). F K
Buffum, Burt C, Professor of Agriculture, Agrictdtural College,
Laramie, Wyo. (42). 6
Buist, John Robinson, M. D., City Board of Health, Nashville,
Tenn. (50). K
Bull, Coates P., Assistant Professor Agr., Univ. of Minnesota,
St. Anthony Park, Minn. (52). D 6
♦Bull, Prof. Storm, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. {44).
1897. D
Billiard, Warren Gardner, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Mathe-
matics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. (50). A
Bullene, Mrs. Emma F.Jay, 143 1 Court Place, Denver, Colo.
(50). H
*Bumpus, H. C, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York, N. Y. (49). 1900.
Bunker, Henry A., M. D., 158 Sixth Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
(so). I
Bttnn, J. F., Attorney at Law, Tiffin, Ohio, (51). B
*Burbank, Luther, Santa Rosa, Cal. (50). 1901. 6
Burbidge, Frederick, 510 Empire State Bitilding, Spokane, Wash.
(50). DE
Burchard, Anson W., 44 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (51). D
Burdell, W. J., M. D., Lugoff, S. C. (51). K
Burdick, Lewis Dayton, Oxford, N. Y. (52).
♦Burgess, Edward S., 11 W. 88th St., New York, N. Y. (47). 1901. 6
♦Burgess, Thomas J. W., M. D., Medical Supt. Protestant Hospital
for the Insane, Montreal, Can. (38). 1889. 6
(59)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Burke. M. D., C. E., 404 Pike Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. (50). A B € D E
Burke, Robert E., Boston Normal School, Boston, Mass. (50). C
Bumham, George, Jr.. C. E., Bumham, Williams & Co., Baldwin
Locomotive Works, 214 N. 34th St. Philadelphia, Pa. (51). D
♦Burr, Prof. William H., Columbia University, New York. N. Y.
(31). 1883.
Burrell, Herbert Leslie, M. D., 22 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.
(51). K
Burrell, Rdmon Haddock, M. D., Creighton, Neb. (51). K
Burrill, Thomas J., Professor of Botany, University of Illinois,
Urbana, 111. (53). 6
Burroughs, Paul R., Allison, Iowa. (50). C
♦Burt, Edward Angus, Ph. D., Professor of Natural History. Middle
bury College, Middlebury, Vt. (50). 190 1. 6
Burton, Prof. Alfred E., Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston, Mass.
(40). E
Burton, E. P., Demonstrator in Physics, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada. (53). B
Burton, Standish Barry, Civil and Mining Engineer, Saltillo,
Coahuila, Mexico. (51). D
Burton, Hon. Theodore E., Cleveland, Ohio. (52). I
Burton-Opitz, Russell, Instructor in Physiology, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (52). K
Busch, Frederick Carl, M. D., 145 Allen St.. BuflEalo, N. Y. (49).
Bush, John C. P., M. D., Wahoo, Neb. (51). K
♦Bushnell, D. I., Jr., Assistant in Archaeology, Peabody Museum,
Cambridge, Mass. (52). 1903. H
♦Butler, Amos W., Secretary Board of State Charities, Indianapolis.
Ind. (30). 1885. F H
Butler, Frank Edward, President of Grayson College. White-
wright, Texas. (50). I
Butler, Matthew Joseph, Civil Engineer, 877 Dorchester St.,
Montreal, P. Q., Canada. (51). D
Butteriield, Arthur Dexter. Assistant Professor of Mathematics.
University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. (50). A D
Butterfield, Elmore E., Medical Department of Columbian Uni-
versity, Washington, D. C. (53). F
Butts, Edward Pontany, C. E., Chief Engineer, Am. Writing
Paper Co., Hoi yoke, Mass. (51). D
Byrnes. Owen, Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 131, Marysville,
Montana. (51). D E
Cabot, Samuel, Manufacturing Chemist, 70 Kilby St., Boston. Mass.
(50). C
Cady, Hamilton Perkins, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Uni-
versity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. (52). B C
(60)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Cady, Walter G., Ph. D., Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, Conn. (49).
B
♦Cain, William, Professor of Mathematics, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. (50). 1901. A D
♦Cajori, Florian, Professor of Mathematics, Colorado College,
Colorado Springs, Colo. (50). 1901. A
Calder, George, 105 East 2 2d St., New York, N. Y, (50).
♦Caldwell, Prof. George C, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (23).
1875. €
♦Caldwell, Prof. Otis W., State Normal School, Charleston, 111. (49).
Z902. 6
♦Calkins, Gary N., Ph. D., Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
(49). 1901. F
Calkins, Marshall, M. D., 14 Maple St., Springfield, Mass. (29).
♦Calvert, Philip P., Ph. D., Instructor in Zoology, Biological Hall,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (50). 1903. F
♦Calvert, Prof. Sidney, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. (47).
1903- C
♦Calvin, Prof. Samuel, Dir. Iowa Geol. Surv., Iowa City, Iowa.
(37). 1889. E F
♦Cameron, Prank K., Ph. D., Chemist, Bureau of Soils, U. S.
Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (49). 190 1. C
Cammann, Hermann H., 51 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Campbell, Douglas H., Professor of Botany, Stanford University,
Cal. (34). 1 888. 6
Campbell, Henry Donald, Professor Geology and Biology, Wash-
ington and Lee University, Lexington. Va. (52T. E F 6
Campbell, Leslie Lyle, Ph. D., Westminster College, Fulton, Mo.
(48).
Campbell, Marius Robison, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (52). E
♦Campbell, William Wallace, Director of Lick Observatory, Mt.
Hamilton, Cal. (50). 1901. A
♦Canby, William M., iioi Delaware Avenite, Wilmington. Del.
(17). 1878. 6
♦Cannon, George Lyman, Instrtictor in Geology, Denver High
School (No. i), Denver, Colo. (39). 190 1. E
Cannon, W. A., Ph. D., Desert Botanical Laboratory, Tucson,
Arizona. (52). 6
Card, Fred. W., Professor of Horticulture, R. I. Coll. Agr. and
Mech. Arts, Kingston, R. I. (45). 6
Carey, Everett P., San Jose High School, Jan Jose, Cal. (50). B C
Cavgill, Geo. W., Attorney at Law, Charleston, W. Va. (51). B D F 6
♦Carhart, Prof. Henry S., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
(29). 1881. B
r6i)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Carleton, M. A., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (4a).
1894. 6
Carlson, Anton Julius, Ph. D., Stanford University, Cal. (52). K
Carnaghan, Edwin Dixon, Mechanical Engineer, Villa Corona,
Mexico. (50). D
Carnahan, Charles T., Mining Engineer, Equitable Building,
Denver, Colo. (50). 0 E
Carnegie, Thomas Morrison, Trustee of Carnegie Institute, Dunge-
ness, Femandina, Fla. (50). F
Carpenter, Ford A., U. S. Weather Bureau, San Diego, Cal. (44) B
Carpenter, Franklin R., Ph. D., Mining Expert, 1420 Josephine St.
Denver, Colo. (50), D E
♦Carpenter, Louis G., Agric. College, Fort Collins, Colo. (32). 1889.
A B
Carr, William Kearny, 14 13 K St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52).
Carr, William Phillips. M. D., 1418 L St., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (51). K
♦Carroll, James. M. D., 2147 F St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (50).
1903. F K
Carroll, James J., Camden, Texas. (50). F
Carrow, Flemming, M. D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Mich. (51). K
Carson, Shelby Chadwick. M. D., Greensboro, Ala. (51). K
Carter, Henry C, 491 Bradford St., North Andover, Mass. (50).
Carter, James, M. D., Rawlins, Wyoming. (50). E K
Carter, James C, 277 Lexington Ave.. New York, N. Y. (36).
♦Carter, James Madison G., M. D., Waukegan, 111. (39). 1895. F
Carter, John E., Knox and Coulter Sts., Germantown, Pa. (33).
BH
Carter, Marion H.. 504 West 143d St., New York, N. Y. (49)-
♦Carus. Paul, Ph. D., Editor Open Court Pub. Co., 324 Dearborn
St., Chicago. 111. (40). 1895. H
Cary, Mrs. Elizabeth M. L., 184 Delaware Ave. , Buffalo. N. Y. {45).
E
Case, Eckstein, Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio.
(47).
Case, Ermine Cowles, Prof, of Chemistry and Geology, State
Normal School, Milwaukee, Wis. (50). B C E
♦Casey, Thomas L., Major of Engineers, U. S. A., P. O. Drawer 71,
St. Louis, Mo. (38). 1892. D F
♦Castle, W. E., Instructor in Zoology, Harvard Univ., Cambridge,
Mass. (52). 1903. F
Caswell. W. H., M. D., 201 West 55th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Cathcart, Miss J. R., The Barnard, 71st St. and Central Park, New
York. N. Y. (50).
C6a)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Catlin, Charles A., 133 Hope St., Providence, R. I. (33). 1895. ^
Catt, George William, C. E., President, Atlantic, Gtdf and Pacific
Co., Park Row Building, New York, N. Y. (51). D
♦Cattell, H. W., M. D., 3709 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. (50).
1901. K
♦Cattell, Prop. James McKebn, Columbia Univ., New York,
N. Y. (44). 1896. BFHI
Cema, Dr. David, Monclova, Coahuila, Mexico. (51).
Chadboum, Erlon R., Lewiston, Me. (29).
Chadwick, Leroy S., M. D., 1824 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. (51).
♦Chains, Stanford E., M. D., LL.D., Dean of Medical Department,
Tulane University, New Orleans, La, (51). 1903. K
♦Chamberlain, Charles Joseph, Dept. of Botany, University of
Chicago, Chicago, 111. (50). 1902. 6
Chamberlain, Clark Wells, Professor of Physics, Denison Univer-
sity, Granville, Ohio. (53). B
Chamberlain, Frederic M., Bureau of Fisheries. U. S. Department
of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (51). F
Chamberlain, Paul Mellen, Prof, of Mechanical Engineering, Lewis
Institute, Chicago, 111. (51). D
Chamberlin, RoUin Thomas, Hyde Park Hotel, Chicago, 111. (50).
CE
♦Chamberlin, T. C, Head of Dept. of Geology, Univ. of Chicago,
Chicago. 111. (21). 1877. B E F H
Chamberlin, W. E., Ph. D., iii Water St.. New York, N. Y. (50).
Chambers, Frank R., 842 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50).
Chambers, Will Grant, Professor of Psychology and Education,
State Normal School, Moorhead, Minn. (52). H
Chambliss, Charles E., Entomologist, S. C. Exper. Sta., Clemson
College, S. C. (51). F
Chancellor, Wm. E., Supt. of Schools, 343 Belleville Ave.. Bloom-
field. N. J. (52).
♦Chandler, Prof. C. F.. School of Mines, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y. (iq). 1875. C
♦Chandler, Charles Henry, Professor of Mathematics, Ripon College,
Ripon, Wis. (28). 1883. A
Chandler, Clarence Austin, Supt. of the Washburn Shops, Worcester
Poljrtechnic Institute, 12 Westland St., Worcester, Mass. (52). D
Chandler, Elwyn Francis, Assistant Professor of Mathematics,
University of North Dakota, University, N. Dak. (50). A B
Chandler. Richard E., Stillwater, Oklahoma. (46). B D
♦Chandler, Seth C, 16 Craigie St., Cambridge, Mass. (29). 1S82. A
Chaney, Prof. Lucian W.. Carleton College. Northfield, Minn.
(45).
Channing, Walter, M. D.. Brookline. Mass. (50). I K
(63)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Chanute, O., 413 E. Huron St., Chicago, 111. (17). 1877. D I
Chapman, Robert HoUister, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (52). E
Charles, Fred. L., Professor of Biology, Northern Illinois State
Normal School, De Kalb, 111. (52). F 6
Charlton, Orlando Clarke, Professor of Biology and Geology,
Kalamazoo College, Kalamazoo, Mich. (51). E F 6
♦Chase, Frederick L., Yale University Observatory. New Haven,
Conn. (43). 1896. A
Chase, Harry Gray, Assistant Professor of Physics, Tufts College,
Mass. (52). B
Chase, Ira Carleton, M. D., Fort Worth, Texas. (52).
Chase, John, 4x4-415 Kittridge Bldg.. Denver, Colo, (51). I
Chase, R. Stuart, 53 Summer St., Haverhill, Mass. (18). F
♦Chauvenet, Wm. M., Mining Engineer, 620 Chestnut St., St.
Louis, Mo. (50). 190 1. C D
♦Cheesman, T. M., M. D., Garrison-on- Hudson, N. Y. (50) 1901. K
♦Cheney, Lellen Sterling, 318 Bruen St., Madison, Wis. (4a). 1894.
6
Cheney, Newel, Poland Center, N. Y. (52).
Chenev, Willard Colfax, Electrical Engineer, Portland, Oregon.
(50). D
♦Chester, Colby M., Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Superintendent Naval
Observatory, Washington, D. C. (28). 1897. E
Chester, Wayland Morgan, Associate Professor of Biology, Colgate
University, Hamilton, N: Y. (50). F
♦Chickering, J. W., The Portner, Washington. D. C. (22). 1877. 6 I
Chilcott, EUery Channing, Professor of Geology, Agricultural
College, Brookings. S. D. (50). E
♦Child. Charles Manning, Instructor in Zoology, University of
Chicago, Chicago, 111. (50). 1901. F
♦Child, Clement D., Colgate Univ., Hamilton, N. Y. (44). 1899. •
Childs, James Edmund, Civil Eng., 300 W. 93d St., New York,
N.Y. (si). D
Chisholm, A. Arthur, M. D., Kelseyville, Cal. (51). K
Chisholm, Hugh J.. 813 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (50).
Chisolm. George E., 19 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Chittenden, Frank Hurlbut, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. {48). 1901. F
♦Chittenden, Russell H., Director of Sheffield Scientific School,
Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (50). 1901. C F
Chittenden. Thomas A., Instructor in Mechanical Engineering,
A. and M. College, W. Raleigh, N. C. (50). D
•"Christie, James, Chief Mech. Engineer Am. Bridge Co., Pen-
coyd. Pa. (33). 1894. D
(64)
MBIIBERS AND FELLOWS.
Chrystie, Wm. F., Hastings-on- Hudson, N. Y. (36).
Church. E. D., Jr.. 63 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Church, Royal Tyler, Turin. N. Y. (38). D F
Churchill. William, Yale University. New Haven. Conn. (52). H
Churchill, William W., care of Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co.,
26 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y. (51). D
Churchward, Alexander, 44 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (52).
♦Chute, Horatio N., Instructor in Physical Sciences, High School, Ann
Arbor, Mich. (34). 1889. ABC
♦CiLLEY, Frank H., Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston, Mass. (49).
1901. A B D
♦Clapp, Miss Cornelia M., Ml. Holyoke College, South Hadley,
Mass. (31). 1883. F
Clapp, Frederick Gardner, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (si). E
Clark, Alexander S., Westfield, N. J. (33).
Qark, Austin Hobart, 68 Perkins Hall, Cambridge, Mass. (52). F
Clarke, Miss Cora H., 91 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass. (47). F tt
Clark, Edmund, 426 Sanford Ave., Flushing, L. I., N. Y. (50).
Clark, Ernest P., 58 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. D
Clark, Friend Ebenezer, Dept. of Chemistry, Penna. State College,
State College, Pa. (51). C
♦Clarke, Prof. F. W., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington. D. C. (18).
1874. C
♦Clark, Gaylord Parsons, Professor of Physiology, Syracuse Uni-
versity, Syracuse, N. Y. (50). 190 1. F K
Clark, Herbert A., 1902 P St., Lincoln, Neb. (50). B €
Clark, Howard Walton, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, 111.
♦Clark, Hubert Lyman, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Olivet College,
Olivet, Mich. (50). 1903. F
Clark, James Albert, "The Cumberland," Washington, D. C.
(52).
Clark, James Frederick, M. D., Fairfield, Iowa. (50). I K
♦Clark, Prof. John E., 34 S. Park Terrace, Long Meadow, Mass. (17).
Clark, John Jesse, Manager, Text Book Dept., International Text
Book Co., Scranton, Pa. (50). B D
♦Clarke, John Mason, Ph. D., Asst. State Geologist and Palaeontol-
ogist, State Hall, Albany, N. Y. (45). 1897. E
♦Clark, John S., no Boylston St., Boston, Mass. (31). 1901. B C I
Clark, Judson F., Assistant Professor of Forestry, New York Col-
lege of Forestry, Ithaca, N. Y. (52).
Clark, Miss May, Instructor in Physics, The Woman's College,
Baltimore, Md. (52). B
Qark, Oliver Durfee, 590 Halsey St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (41). E F
(6S)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
^Clarke, Prof. Samuel Pessenden, Williams College, Willi amstowii ,
Mass. (50). 190 1. F
Clark, Thomas H., 34 Lancaster St., Worcester, Mass. (40).
Clark, W. A., Ph. D., President State Normal School, Peru. Neb.
(52).
Clark, Wm. Brewster, M. D., 50 E. 31st St., New York, N. Y.
(33). C F
♦Clark, Wm. Bxtllock, Ph. D., Johns Hopkins University, Balti-
more, Md. (37). 1 89 1. E
Qaudy, C. H., 130a F St., N.W., Washington. D. C. (52). ABC
Claxton, P. P., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. (52).
♦Claypole, Miss Edith J., 50 South Grand Ave., Pasadena, Cal.
(46). 1899. F
Cleaver, Albert N.. South Bethlehem, Pa. (50). D
Cleburne, William, 1219 So. Sixth St., Omaha, Neb. (51). 6
Clements, Frederic Edward, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Botany,
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (52).
Clements, George E., M. D., 628 East Capitol Ave., Springfield,
111. (52). K
Clements, Joseph, M. D., Nutley, N. J. (52). K
♦Clements. Julius Morgan, Economic Geologist and Mining Engi-
neer, II William St., New York, N. Y. (51). 1903. E
Clerc, Frank L., Hotel Metropole, Denver, Colo. (50). C D
Clifton, Richard S., Assistant Secretary, A. A. A. S., Lanier
Heights, Washington, D. C. (49). F
Cline, Isaac M., M. D., U. S. Weather Bureau, New Orleans, La.
(50). K
♦Cloud. John W., 974 Rookery, Chicago, 111. (28). 1886. A B D
Clough, Albert L., Box 114, Manchester, N. H. (45). B
Coates, Charles E., Ph. D., Louisiana State Univ.. Baton Rouge,
La. (46). C
Cobb. Arthur. Architect, 600 Equitable Buildine:. Louisville. Ky.
(50). D
Cobb. Prof. Collier, University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill,
N. C. (49).
♦Cochran, C. B., 514 South High St., West Chester, Pa. (43). 1S96.
C
♦Cockerell, T. D. A., Coburn Library, Colorado Springs, Colo. (50).
190Z. F
Cockran, Hon. W. Bourke, M. C, 31 Nassau St.. New York,
N. Y. (50).
Cob. Henry W.. M. D., "TheMarquam," Portland. Oregon. (32). F H
Coe, Thomas Upham, M. D., Bangor. Maine. (51). K
Coffeen. Hon. H. A., Sheridan. Wyoming. (51).
'^Coffin. C. A., 44 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (50).
MBMBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
Coffin, Fletcher B., Newton, Mass. (53). C
^Coffin, Rev. Selden J., Ph. D., Lafayette College, Baston, Pa.
(2a). 1874. A I
*Coghill, George Ellett, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Pacific Univ.,
Forest Grove, Oregon. (52). 1903. F tt
^Cogswell, Wm. B., Syractise, N. Y. (33). 1891. D
Cohen. Mendes, Civil Engineer, 825 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Md.
(50). D
^Cohen, Solomon Solis, M. D.,Z525 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(50). 1903. F K
Coit, Joseph Howland, Saint Patd's School, Concord, N. H. (50).
'►Coit, J. Milner. Ph. D., Saint Paul's School, Concord, N. H.
(33)- 1903. B C E
Coker, Wm. Chambers, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Botany,
Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. (5a) . 6
^CoLBURN, Richard T., Elizabeth, N. J. (31). 1894. F H I
Colby, Edward A., care Baker Platinum Works, Newark, N. J.
(49)-
♦Cole, Prof. Alfred D., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. (39).
1891. B C
Cole, George Watson, Graham Court, 1925 Seventh Ave., New
York, N. Y. (52).
Cole, Leon Jacob, 41 Wendell St., Cambridge, Mass. (52). F
Cole, W. P.. M. D., Waco, Texas. (51). K
Coleman, Clarence, U. S. Assistant Engineer, Duluth, Minn. (51).
D H
Coleman, Walter, Prof, of Natural History, Sam Houston Normal
Institute, Huntsville, Texas. (51). K
Colgate, Abner W., Morristown, N. J. (44).
Colie, Edw. M., East Orange, N. J. (30). E I
Collett, Samuel Williamson, Principal of High School, Urbaiui.
Ohio. (so). 6
Collier, Arthur James, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. (^
(5»). E
Collier, Price, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. (50).
♦Collin, Prof. Alonzo, Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa. (21).
1891. BC
Collin, Rev. Henry P., 58 Division St., Coldwater, Mich. (37). H
♦CoUingwood, Francis, Elizabeth, N. J. (36). 1888. D
Collins, Guy N., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D.c. (si), e
Collins, T. Shields, M. D., Globe, Arizona, (si). K
Colton, Geo. H., Professor of Natural Science, Hiram College,
Hiram, Ohio. (si). B E
(67)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Colvin, Verplanck, Supt. N. Y. State Adirondack Survey, Albany,
N. Y. (28). 1880. E
*Comstock, Prof. Charles Worthington, Civil and Mining Engineer,
76 Grant Ave., Denver, Colo. (47). 1901. A D
Comstock, Daniel P., 102 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. (52). i
♦Comstock, Prof. Geo. C, Washburn Observatory, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (34). 1887. A
*CoMSTOCK, Prop. Thbo. B., Mining and Metallurgical Engineer,
534 Stinson Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. (24). 1877. B D E
Comstock, Dr. T. Griswold, 3401 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
(29). F H
Conant, Charles A., Treasurer Morton Trust Co., 38 Nassau St.,
New York, N. Y. (52). I
Conant, Miss E. Ida, 42 W. 48th St., New York, N. Y. (33). F H I
♦Conant, Prof. Levi L., Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass.
(39). 1892. A
Conarroe, Thomas H., M. D., 1807 Wallace St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(50). F K
♦Conklin, Edwin Grant, Professor of Biology, University of Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (50). 1901. F
Connaway, John W., Professor Veterinary Science, Missouri State
Univ., Columbia, Mo. (52). F
Connelley, C. B., Supervisor Industrial Schools, Allegheny, Pa.
(49). I
Connor, Leartus, M. D., President of Michigan State Medical
Society, 103 Cass St., Detroit, Mich. (51). K
Conradson, Pontus H., Chief Chemist, Galena-Signal Oil Co.,
Franklin, Pa. (51). B C D
Constant, Prank H., Professor of Structural Engineering, Uni-
versity of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (51). D.
Converse, Vernon G., care of Ontario Power Co., Niagara Palls,
Canada. (50). D
Conway, George M., Mechanical Engineer, 10 Belvedere, Mil-
waukee, Wis. (51). D
Cook, Dr. Charles D., 162 Remscn St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (25).
Cooke, George Willis, Park St.. Wakefield Park, Wakefield, Mass.
(47). H I
Cooke, Hartc, Mechanical Engineer, 60 East Genesee St., Auburn,
N. Y. (S3). D
Cook, James B., Randolph Building, Memphis, Tenn. (50).
♦Cook, Melville T., De Pauw University, Greencastle, Ind. (45).
1902. B
♦Cook, Orator P., U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(40). 1892. 6
♦Cook, Samuel R., Case School, Cleveland, Ohio. (50). 1903. B C
(68)
HBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
♦Cooley, Grace E., Ph. D., Wellcslcy College, Wellesley, Mass. (47).
1900. tt I
♦Cooley, Prof. LeRoy C, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
(19). 1880. BC
*Coole3', Prof. Mortimer E., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Mich. (33). 1885. D
♦Cooley, Robert A., Zoologist and Entomologist, Montana Agr'l
College and Experiment Station, Bozeman, Montana. (50).
1903. F
Cooper, Hon. Edward, 12 Washington Square, N., New York, N. Y.
(49).
Cooper, Hermon Charles, Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Boston, Mass. (51). €
Cooper, James Campbell, Room 5, Veale Block, Topeka, Kansas,
(so). C E
♦Copeland, Edwin Bingham, 653 E. 57th St., Chicago, 111. (45).
1901. 6
♦Coplin, W. M. L., M. D., Director of Laboratories, Jefferson Medi-
cal College Hospital, Philadelphia, Pa. (51). 1903. K
♦Coquillett, Daniel William, U. S. National Museum, Washington,
D. C. (43). 190a. F
♦Corbett, L. C, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (48).
1901. 6
Comelison, Robert W.,Sc.D., Manufacturing Chemist, Bloomfield,
N. J. (SI). C
Cornish, George A., Lindsay, Ont., Canada. (53). F
Cornman, Oliver P., Ph. D., 2252 N. 20th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (46) .
H
♦Corthell, Elmer L., 1 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (34). x886.
DEI
Corwin, Clifford Egbert, Teacher of Science, Marietta High School ,
Marietta, Ohio. (50). C
Coster, William H., Chemist and Biologist to Bureau of Water,
Department of Public Works, Pittsburg, Pa. (51). C
♦Coulter, Prof. John M., University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.,
(32). 1884. fi
Coulter, Samuel Monds, The Shaw School of Botany, St. Louis,
Mo. (52). 6
Courtis, William Munroe, 4x2 Hammond Bldg., Detroit, Mich.
(46). E C 6
Coutant, Richard Bonnet, M. D., Tarrytown, N. Y. (51). K
♦Coville, Frederick V., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(35)- J890. •
♦Cowles, Alfred H., 656 Prospect St., Cleveland, Ohio. (37). 1897.
B C
(69)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Cowles, Edward, M. D., Medical Supt. McLean Hospital, Waverly,
Mass. (51). 1903. K
Cowles, Miss Louise F., Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass*
(47). E
Cox, A. Beekman, Civil Engineer, Cherry Valley, N. Y. (50). D
♦Cox, Charles F.. Grand Central Depot, New York, N. Y. (43).
1900. F 6
Cox, Edmund Otis, C. E., Manhattan Railway Co., 1878 Seventh
Ave.. New York, N. Y. (51). D
Cox, John, Professor of Experimental Physics, McGill University,
Montreal, Can. (51). B
Cox, Ulysses O., Professor of Biology, State Normal School, Man-
kota, Minn. (50). F
Coxe, Eckley B., Jr., U. S. Weather Bureau Observer, Drifton, Pa.
(51).
Coyle, Rev. John S., S. J., St. Joseph's College, 17th and Stiles Sts.,
Philadelphia, Pa. (48). B
♦Crafts, James Mason, Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston, Mass. (47).
Z898. C
♦Cragin, Francis Whittemore, Ph. D., 17 15 Wood Ave., Colorado
Springs, Colo. (29). 1890. E F H
Craig, Alexander Righter, M. D., 232 Cherry Street, Columbia,
Pa. (si). K
Craig, John, College of Agrictdture, Cornell University, Ithaca»
N. Y. (41). 6
Craig, Moses, Memorial University, Mason City, Iowa. (53) 6
Craig, Wallace, Zoological Laboratory, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago,
111. (50). F
Cram, Roys Jones, 26 Hancock Ave., West, Detroit, Mich. (51).
Cramer, Gustave, Pres. G. Cramer Dry Plate Co., St. Lotiis, Mo.
(53). BC
♦Crampton, Chas. A., M. D., Office of Internal Revenue Commis-
sioner, U. S. Treasury Dept., Washington, D. C. (36). 1887. C
Crampton, C. Ward, M. D., 160 West 119th St., New York, N. Y.
(S3). K
♦Crampton, Henry E., Adjunct Professor of Zoology, Barnard
College, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (51). 1903. F
♦Crandall, Charles S., 805 Goodwin Ave., Urbana, 111. (40)- 1894.
Crandall, Francis Asbury, Librarian of Public Documents, 221^
15th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (50). I
Crane, James M., Board of Education, Newburgh, N. Y., (50). I
Cranston, Robert E., E. M., 36 Physicians Building, Sacramento,
Cal. (50). B E
(70)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Cratty, R. I., Armstrong, Iowa. (52). 6
Crawford, David Francis, Genl. Supt. Motive Power, Penna*
Lines West of Pittsburg, Union Station, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). D
Crawford, John, Leon, Nicaragua, Central America. (40). E H
♦Crawford, Morris B., Middletown, Conn. (30). 1889. ^
♦Crawley, Edwin S., Ph. D., University of Pennsylvania, Phila-
delphia, Pa. (45). 1900. A
Crawley, Howard, Wyncote, Pa. (51). F
Crehore, Albert Cushing, 48 Lincoln Terrace, Yonkers, N. Y. (50).
D E
Crew, Henry, Professor of Physics, Northwestern University,
Evanston, 111. (53). B
♦Crile, George W., M. D., 169 Kensington St., Cleveland, Ohio. (51).
1903- ^
Crockard, Frank Heame, E. M., C. E., Asst. Mgr. Riverside Dept.
National Tube Co., Lock Box 34, Wheeling, W. Va. (50). D
♦Crocker, Francis B., Professor of Electrical Engineering, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. B D
♦Crockett, Prof. Charles W., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Troy, N. Y. (39). 1894. A D
♦Crook, Alja Robinson, Ph. D., Professor of Mineralogy and Eco-
nomic Geology, Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. (47).
1902. E
Crosby, Oscar Terry, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. (52). C E I
Crosby, Wm. Edward, 1603 Amsterdam Ave., New York, N.Y. (52).
♦Crosby, Prof. W. O., Mass. InstitutelTechnology, Boston, Mass.
(47). 1900. E
♦Cross, Prof. Charles R., Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston, Mass.
(29). 1880. B
Crouse, Hugh Woodward, M. D., Victoria, Texas. (50). F K
Crowbll, a. F., Woods HoU, Mass. (30). C
♦Crowell, John Franklin, Bur. of Statistics, U. S. Dept. of Commerce
and Labor, Washington, D. C. (50). 1901. I
♦Crozier, William, Brigadier-General and Chief of Ordnance,
U.S.A., War Department, Washington, D. C. (50). 1903. D
Cruikshank, Barton, D. Sc, 18x3 West Genesee St., Syracuse,
N.Y. (S3). D
Crump, Col. M. II., Bowling Green, Ky. (29). E
Crunden, Frederick Morgan, Librarian Public Library, 3635
Laclede Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (52). I
♦Culin, Stewart, Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn,
N. Y. (33). 1890. H
♦Cumings, Edgar R., Asst. Professor of Geology, Indiana University,
Bloomington, Ind. (48). 1901. E
♦Cummings, Miss Clara E., Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.
(47). 1899. G
(70
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Cummins, George Wyckoff, M. D., Belvidere, N. J. (50). 8 K
Cunningham, Francis A., 1613 Wallace St., Philadelphia, Pa. (33).
B D E
♦Cunningham, Prof. Susan J., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore,
Pa. (38). 1901. A
Curran, Ulysses T., Probate Judge, Erie Co., Sandusky, Ohio.
(52). I
•Currie, C. A., M. D., P. O. Box 1606, Philadelphia, Pa. (48). F
♦Curtis, Cariton C, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (51).
1903- •
Curtis, Charles B., 9 East 54th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Curtis, George Carroll, 64 Crawford St., Boston, Mass. (52). E
Curtis, G. Lenox, M. D., 7 West 58th St., New York, N. Y. (51).
Curtis, George W., Mgr. Collier County Mill and Elevator Co., Mc-
Kinney, Texas. (50).
Curtis, H. Holbrook, M. D., 118 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.
(SO- K
Curtis, Mattoon M., Prof, of Philosophy, Western Reserve Uni-
versity, Cleveland,* Ohio. (50). H I
Curtis, Winterton C, Ph. D., Instructor in Zoology, University of
Missouri, Columbia, Mo. (53). F
Curtiss, Richard Sydney, Asst. Prof, of Chemistry, Union College,
Schenectady, N. Y. (52). C
♦Curtis, William E., Post Building, Washington, D.C. (40). 1903. HI
Cushing, Harvev, M. D., 3 West Franklin St., Baltimore, Md.
(52). K
♦Cushing, Henry Piatt, Adelbert College, Cleveland, Ohio. (ss).
1888. E
Cushing, John J., looi Union Trust Bldg., Cincinnati, Ohio. (50). 0
♦Cushman, Allerton, Ph. D., Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Dept.
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (50). 1901. C
♦Cushny, Arthur R., Professor of Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (50). 190 1. K
Cutler, Coiman Ward, M. D.. 36 East 33d St., New York, N. Y.
^ (50). K
Cutter, Ephraim, M. D., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (51). K
Cutter, Irving S., Box 732, Lincoln, Neb. (50). F 8
♦Dabney, Charles W., Ph. D., President University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, Tenn. (47). 1901. C
. Daggette, Alvin S., M. D., 400 South Craig St., Pittsburg, Pa. (50).
F K
Dahlgren, Ulric, Ph. D., Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
Daland, Rev. William Clifton, D. D., President of Milton College,
;a. Milton, Wis. (52). I
(7a)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Dale, J. Y., M. D., P. O. Box 14, Lemont, Pa. (51). K
♦Dall, William Healey, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
(18). 1874. F H
Dalrymple, Rev. C. H., 27 Irving St., Cambridge*, Mass. (53). I
Dalrymple, W. H., Prof. Vet. Science, La. State Univ. and A. &
M. College, Baton Rouge, La. (50). F K
♦Dana, Dr. Charles L.. 50 W. 46th St., New York, N. Y. (46). 1889.
. H
♦Dana, Edward Salisbury, New Haven, Conn. (23). 1875. B E
Daniel, John, Professor of Physics, Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville,
Tenn. (50). B
Danielson, A. H., Agricultural College, Port Collins, Colo. (50). B
♦Darton, Nelson H., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. (37).
i»93.
Daugherty, Rev. Jerome, S. J., President of Georgetown Univ.,
Washington, D. C. (5a).
Daugherty, Lewis S., Professor of Biology, State Normal School,
Kirksville, Mo. (53). F
♦d'Auria, Luigi, M. E., 972 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
1903. A D
♦Davenport, Charles Benedict, Ph. D., Univ. of Chicago, Chicago,
111. (46). 1898. F
Davenport, Eugene, Dean of the College of Agriculture, Uni-
versity of Illinois, Champaign, 111. (39).
Davenport, Francis Henry, M. D., 419 BovlstonSt., Boston, Mass.
(50). K
♦Davidson, George, 2221 Washington St., San Francisco, Cal. (29).
1881. A B D
Davidson, R. J., Agric. Exper. Station, Blacksburg, Va. (40). C
Davies, Arthur Ernest, Ph. D., Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio. (53). I
Davies, William G., 22 E. 45th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Davis, Abial B., 129 East Lincoln Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. (44). A
Davis, Andrew McFarland, 10 Appleton St., Cambridge, Mass.
(35)- H
Davis, Bergen, Columbia University, New' York, N. Y. (49). B
♦Davis, Bradley Moore, Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago,
111. (45). 1897. B
Davis, Charles P., Fort Collins, Colo. (50). C
Davis, Charles Gilbert, M. D., 31 Washington St., Chicago, 111.
(51). K
♦Davis, C. H., Commander U. S. N., Navy Dept., Washington,
D. C. (40). 1896.
Davis, Edward E., 47 W. Main St., Norwich, N. Y. (50).
Davis, George S., P. O. Box 724, Detroit, Mich. (50).
C73)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Davis, Herman S., Ph. D., Director of International Latitude
Station, Gaithersburg, Md. (50). 1901. A
♦Davis, J. J., M. D., 11 19 College Ave., Racine, Wis. (31). 1S99.
F G
Davis, John J., Attorney at law, Clarksburg, W. Va. (50). I
Davis, Kary Cadmxis, Ph. D., Menomonee, Wis. (50). G
♦Davis, Nathan Smith, M. D., LL. D., 65 Randolph St., Chicago,
111. (si). 1903. K
Davis, N. S., Jr., 291 Huron St., Chicago, 111. (50). F G
♦Davis, Wm. Harper, Asst. in Psychology, Columbia Univ., New
York, N. Y. (50). 1903. H I
♦Davis, Prof. W. M.^ 17 Francis Ave., Cambridge, Mass. (33).
1885. B E
Davison, Alvin, Ph. D., Lafayette College, Baston, Pa. (49).
Davison, John M., 340 Oxford St., Rochester, N. Y. (38). C
Daviss, Edward Paxton, M. D., 305-6 Binz Building, Houston,
Texas, (51). K
♦Davy, Joseph Burtt, State Agrostologist and Botanist, Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Pretoria, Transvaal. (51). 1903. G
♦Dawson, Percy Millard, M. D., Instructor in Physiology, Johns
Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, Md. (50). 1903. K
♦Day, William Scofield, Ph. D., 337 W. 87th St., New York.
N. Y. (50). 1901. B
Dean, Edward B., Hotel Gordon, Washington, D. C. (52).
Dean, Seth, C. E., Surveyor of Mills County, Glen wood, Iowa.
(34). D
Dean, Wm. H., 167 West River St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa. (50). C
Deans, John Sterling, Chief Engineer, Phoenix Bridge Co.
Phoenixville, Pa. (51). D
Dearborn, George Van Ness, Ph. D., Professor of Physiology,
Tufts Medical and Dental Schools, Boston, Mass. (53). K
de Arozarena, Rafael M., Consulting Engineer, 2da Calle de las
Estaciones, Esquina de Encino, City of Mexico, Mexico. (51).
D
de Benneville, James S., University Club, 15 10 Walnut St., Phil-
adelphia, Pa. (46).* C
de Coppet, Henry, 22 West 17th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Deens, Miss Anna M., 216 North Ave., W., Allegheny, Pa. (50).
FG
de Forest, Robert W., 30 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (49).
de Funiak, Frederick, Consulting Engineer, 204 E. Chestnut St.,
Louisville, Ky. (51). D
*Deghu6e, Joseph A., Ph. D., 247 Harrison St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
(40). 1900. C
Deimel, Richard F., 209 West 97th St.. New York, N. Y. (52). A
(74)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Delabarre, E. B., Ph. D., 9 Arlington Ave., Providence, R. I. (49).
1901. H I
Delafield, Maturin L., Jr., Fieldston, Riverdale, New York, N. Y.
(43). «
Delafond, E., Ingenieur Chimiste, P. O. Box 2290, City of Mexico,
Mexico. (50). C
Db Landero, Carlos P., Asst. Director Pachuca and Real del
Monte Mining Co., Pachuca, Mexico. (36). B C
Delano, Frederic A., Supt. of Motive Power, C. B. and Q. Railroad,
209 Adams St., Chicago, 111. (50). D
Delany, Patrick Bernard, E. E., Inventor, South Orange, N. J.
(SO). D
Dellenbaugh, Frederick S., Century Club, 7 West 43d St., New
York, N. Y. (51). H
Dempster, Alexander, 5721 Stanton Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). D
Dennett, William S., 8 East 49th St., New York, N. Y. (52). A K
♦Dennis, David Worth, Professor of Biology, Earlham College,
Richmond, Ind. (50). 1901. F
♦Dennis, Louis Munroe, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (43).
1895. C
de Raasloff, Harold, Civil Engineer, 18 Burling Slip, New York.
N. Y. (si). D
Derby, George McClellan, Major, Corps of Engineers, U. S. A.,
P. O. Box 654, St. Paul, Minn. (50). D
♦Derby, Orville A., Commissao Geologica, Sao Paulo, Brazil, South
America. (39). 1890. E
Detmers, Fredericka, 13 15 Neil Ave., Columbus, Ohio. (48). G
Detweiler, Andrew J., M. D., State Board of Health, Columbia, Mo.
(53). K
Devereux, W. B., 99 John St., New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Dewey, Lyster H., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D, C.
(40). 1899. F 8
Dexter, E. G., Ph. D., Professor of Education and Psychology,
University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. (52) . K
♦Dexter, Franklin, M. D., Associate Professor of Anatomy, Har-
vard Medical School, Boston, Mass. (50). 190 1. K
Dickerson, E. N., 141 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (49).
Dickinson, Gordon K., M. D., 278 Montgomery St., Jersey City.
N.J. (51). K
Diemer, Hugo, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering,
Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. (49). D
♦Diller, J. S., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. (52).
1903. E
♦Dimmock, George, Box 1597, Springfield, Mass. (22). 1874. F
(75)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Dimock, Mrs. Henry F., 25 East 60th St.. New York, N. Y. (50).
Dimon, Miss Abigail Camp, 367 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. (50). F K
Dinkey, Alva C, General Supt. Homestead Steel Works, Munhall,
Pa. (50). D
Disbrow, William S., M. D., 151 Orchard St., Newark, N.J. (51). K
Dixon, Brandt B., President of Newcomb College, New Orleans.
La. (52). K
*Dixon, Roland B., Peabodv Museum, Cambridge, Mass. (46). 190 1.
H
Dixon, Samuel Gibson, M. D., Acad. Nat. Sciences, 1900 Race St.,
Philadelphia, Pa. (50). F K
Dixson, Prof. Zella Allen, Librarian University of Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (52). I
♦Dock, George, M. D., Professor of Medicine, University of Michi'
gan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (51). '903. K
♦Dodge, Charles Richards, 1336 Vermont Ave., N.W., Washing*
ton, D. C. (22). 1874.
♦Dodge, Charles Wright, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. (39).
1898. F
Dodge, D. Stuart, 99 John St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Dodge, Philip T., Tribune Building, New York, N. Y. (44). B D
♦Dodge, Richard E., Teachers' College, Columbia Univ., New
York, N. Y. (49). 1901. E I
Dodman, Alfred C, Jr., 235 W. 108th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Doherty, Henry L., 40 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (48). BCD
♦Dolbear, Prof. A. Emerson, Tufts College, Mass. (20). 1880. B
Dole, Rev. Charles Fletcher, Jamaica Plain, Mass. (50). I
Domcnech, Manuel V., Civil Engineer and Architect, Lock Box
220, Ponce, Porto Rico. (50). D I
Donovan, Cornelius, Assistant Engineer, U. S. Engineer Office,
Custom House, New Orleans, La. (51). D
♦Doolittle, Prof. C. L., Upper Darby, Pa. (25). 1885. A
♦Dorsey, George A., Ph. D., Field Columbian Museum, Chicago,
111. (39). 1892. H
Dorsey, Herbert Grove, Granville, Ohio. (51). B
♦Dorsey, N. Ernest, Ph. D., Annapolis Junction, Md. (46). 1898. D
Doty, Paul, 230 Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. (43). D
Doubt, Thomas Eaton, 693 East 57th St., Chicago, 111. (48). B
Doughty, Mrs. Alia, Milford, Pa. (49).
Doughty, John W., 165 Johnston St., Newburgh, N. Y. (19). E
Douglas, Archer Wall, 5101 McPherson Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (53).
A EFI
Douglas, Mrs. George William, Tuxedo Park, N. Y. (49).
Douglas, James, 99 John St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Douglas, Orlando B., 20 Pleasant St., Concord, N. H. (49).
(76)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Dow, Allan Wade, District Bldg., Washington. D. C. (52). CD
Dow, Herbert H.. Midland, Mich. (47). C
Dowell, Philip, Ph.D.. High School, Port Richmond, N.Y. (50). F
Downing, Elliott Rowland, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Northern
State Normal School, Marquette, Mich. (51). F
Downs, Edgar Selah, 704 Trenton Ave., Wilkinsburg Station,
Pittsburg, Pa. (50). B
Downs, Norton, M. D., 215 West Walnut Lane, Germantown,
Philadelphia, Pa. (52). K
Dozier, Melville, Professor of Mathematics and Physical Sciences,
State Normal School, Los Angeles, Cal. (53). A B
♦Draper, Daniel, Ph. D., N. Y. Meteorological Observatory,
Central Park, 64th St., Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. (29).
z88i. A B D F
Draper, Mrs. Henry, 271 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. (49).
Drayer, Howard C, Manual Training School, Washington Univer-
sity, St. Louis, Mo. (51).
Drescher, Willibald A. E., P. O. Drawer 1033, Rochester, N. Y.
(41). F
Drewett, Wm. A.. M. E., 202 Rutledge St., Brooklyn. N. Y.
(52). D
Dreyfus. Dr. William, 162 East 9sth St., New York, N. Y. (52). C
Droop, Edward P., 1455 Bacon St., Washington, D. C. (52). I
♦Droppers, Garrett, President of the State University, Ver-
million, S. Dak. (50). 1 90 1. I
♦Drown, Prof. Thos. M., Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa.
(29). z88i. C
Drummond, Isaac Wyman, Ph. D., 436 W. 2 2d St., New York,
N. Y. (36).
♦Dryer, Charles Redway, Professor of Geography, Indiana State
Normal School, Terre Haute, Ind. (50). 1903. E
Duane, Russell, 911 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa. (50). I
♦Duane, William, Ph. D., Professor of Physics, State University,
Boulder, Colo. (50). 1901. B
♦Du Bois, Prof. Aug. J., New Haven, Conn. (30). 1882. A B D
Du Bois, Howard Weidner, 4526 Regent St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(47). A
♦Du Bois, Patterson, 401 So. 40th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (33). 1SS7.
C H I
DuBois, Wm. E. B., Professor of Economics and History, Atlanta
University, Atlanta, Ga. (50). I
Du Bose', F. G., M. D., 915 Alabama St., Selma, Ala. (51). K
Dudgeon, H. R., M. D., Demonstrator of Surgery, School of
Medicine, University of Texas, Galveston, Texas. (50). F K
♦Dudley, Charles B., Drawer 156, Altoona, Pa. (23). 1882. BCD
(77)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Dudley, S. W., 333 York St., New Haven, Conn. (50). A D
♦Dudley, Wm. L., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. (28).
1881. C
♦Dudley, Prof. Wm. R., Dept. of Systematic Botany, Stanford
University, Cal. (29). 18S3. 8
Duerden, J. E., Ph. D., Professor of Biology, University of Michi-
gan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (52). F
♦Duggar, Benjamin Minge, Professor of Botany, Univ. of Missouri,
Columbia, Mo. (45). 1900. 8
Duke. Prank Williamson, Professor of Mathematics, Hollins In-
stitute, Hollins, Va. (50). A
Dulles, Charles W.. M. D., 4101 Walnut St.. Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). K
♦Dumble, E. T., Consulting Geologist, Southern Pacific Co., 1306
Main St., Houston, Tex. (37). 1891. E
Duncan, Fred. N., Professor of Chemistry, Emory College, Oxford,
Ga.l(5o). C
♦Duncan, George Martin, Professor of Philosophy, Yale University,
New Haven, Conn. (50). 1902. H
Duncanson, Henry Bruce, Professor of Biology, State Normal
School, Peru, Neb. (50). F
Duncklee, John B., Civil Engineer, 35 Fairview Ave., South
Orange, N. J. (51). D
♦Dunham, Edward K., M. D., Professor of Pathology, Carnegie
Laboratory, 338 East 26th St., New York, N. Y. (30). 1890.
Dunham, Henry Bristol, M. D., State Sanatorium, Rutland, Mass.
(51). K
Dunlevy, Robert Baldwin, Prof. Kansas State Normal College,
Winfield, Kansas. (50). C E
Dunn, Gano Sillick, Vice-President and Chief Engineer, Crocker-
Wheeler Company, Ampere, N. J. (50). D
Dunn, Ira J., M. D., 810 Peach St., Erie, Pa. (51). K
Dunning, Lehman H., M. D., 224 N. Meridian St., Indianapolis,
Ind. (51). K
♦Dunnington, Prof. F. P., University Station, Charlottesville, Va.
(26). 1880. C
♦Dunstan, A. St. C, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Poly-
technic Institute, Auburn, Ala. (50). 190 1. B D
♦DuPont, Francis G., Montchanin, Del. (33). 1896. A B D
♦Durand,Elias J., D.S., 402 Eddy St., Ithaca, N.Y. (41). 1899, fi
Durand, John S., 81 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Durand, W. F.. Ph. D., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (37).
1S90. B
♦Durfee, William P., Ph. D., 639 Main St., Geneva, N. Y. (46).
1899. A
(78)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Dutton, Charles Frederic, Jr., 64 West Roy Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.
(47).
Duval, Edmund P. R., 67 Oxford St., Cambridge, Mass. (50).
Duvall, Trumbull Gillette, Ph. D., Professor of Psychology and
Philosophy, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. (5a).
H
Duvel, Joseph W. T., U. S. Dept. of Ag^culture, Washington,
D.C. (48). fi
Dwight, Jonathan, Jr., M. D., 2 E. 34th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦D wight, Thomas, M. D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
(47). 1898. H K
♦Dwight, Prof. William B., Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
(30). 1882. E F
♦Dyar, Harrison G., Ph. D., U. S. National Museum, Washington,
D. C. (43). 1898.
Dyche, Lewis Lindsay, Professor of Systematic Zoology and
Taxidermist, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. (51). F
Dysterud, E., Electrical Engineer, Monterey, Mexico. (50). D
Eagleson, James B., M. D., 512 Burke Bldg., Seattle, Wash. (51).
K
Earhart, Robert F., Asst. Professor of Physics, Ohio State Univer-
sity, Columbus, Ohio. (53). B
♦Earle, F. S.. N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx Park. New York.
(39). 1896. 8
Earll, Charles Isaac, M. E., 76 William St., New York, N. Y. (52) .
D
* Eastman, Charles Rochester, Museum Comp. Zoology, Cambridge,
Mass. (41). 1896. E F
♦Eastman, Prof. J. R., Andover, N. H. (26). 1879. A
Easton, Christopher. Deputy Superintendent, MetropoUtan Hos-
pital, Blackwell's Island, New York, N. Y. (52). I K
♦Eastwood, Miss Alice, Curator of Herbarium, California Academy
of Sciences, San Francisco, Cal. (50). 190 1. 6
Eaton, Elon Howard, 209 Cutler Building, Rochester, N. Y.
Eccles, David Charles, Northwestern Univ., Evanston, 111. (50). C
♦Eccles, Robert G., M. D., 191 Dean St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (31).
1894. C F
Eckel, Edwin C, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(51). E
Eckles, C. H., Columbia, Mo. (50). F
♦Eddy, Prof. H. T., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (24).
1875. AB D
£des, Robert Thaxter, M. D., 15 Greenough Ave., Jamaica Plain,
Mass. (50). F H K
(79)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Edgar, Clinton G., 72 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Mich. (46).
Edmands, Isaac Russell, Supt. Union Carbide Co., Sault Ste.
Marie, Mich. (50). C D
Edmonds, Richard H., President and Editor, "Manufactitrers*
Record," Baltimore, Md. (50). D
Edwards, Arthur M., M. D., F. L. S., F. R. M. S.. R. A. S., 423
Fourth Ave., Newark, N. J. (52). K
♦Edwards, Prof. Charles Lincoln, Trinity College, Hartford, Conn.
(49). 1900. F
Edwards, Col. Clarence R., U. S. A.. Chief of the Bureau of
Insular Affairs, War Department, Washington, D. C. (52). I
Edwards, Prof. John W., Iowa Wesleyan University, Mt. Pleasant
Iowa. (48).
Ehrenfeld, Frederick, Ph. D., Instructor in Geology, University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (50). E
Ehrhom, Edward Macfarlane, County Entomologist, Santa Clara
Co., Mountain View, Cal. (50). F
♦Eichelberger, William Snyder, Ph. D., U. S. Naval Observatory,
Washington, D. C. (41). 1896. A
♦Eiesland, John, Ph. D., Professor of Mathematics, Thiel College,
Greenville, Pa. (50). 1Q03. A
♦Eigenmann, Carl H., Ph. D., Indiana University, Bloomington,
Ind. (48). 1899. F
Eikenberry, William Lewis, Instructor in Botany, High School, St.
Louis, Mo. (53). fi
Eilers, Anton F., Mining Engineer and Metallurgist, 751 St. Marks
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. (50). D E
♦Eimbeck, William, U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington, D. C.
(17). 1874. A B D
Eimer, August, 220 East 19th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Elder, E. Waite, Instructor in Physics, High School, Denver, Colo.
(so). B
Elftman, Arthur Hugo, Ph. D., Mining Engineer, 706 Globe Build-
" ing, Minneapolis, Minn. (50). E
♦Elkin, William L., Yale University Observatory, New Haven,
Conn. (33). 1885. A
Elliot, George T., M. D., 36 East 35th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
F K
Ellis, Alexander Casswell, Adjunct Professor Education, Uni-
versity of Texas, Austin, Tex. (52). IK
Ellis, Frederick W., M. D., Monson, Mass. (47). B H
Ellis, H. Bert, M. D., 243-245 Bradbury Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal.
(50). K
Ellis, Henry Rives, 217 S. West Temple St., Salt Lake City, Utah.
(53). c
(80)
IISMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
Ellis, Robert W.. Hurley, S. D. (50). E
*Elrod, Morton John, Professor of Biology, University of Montana,
Missoula, Mont. (50). 1901. F
Ely, Charles Russell, Professor of Natural Science, Gallaudet
College, 5 Kendall Green, Washington, D. C. (52). C
Ely, Robert Erskine, Executive Director, League for Political Edu-
cation, 23 West 44th St., New York, N. Y. (52). I
Ely, Sumner Boyer, Chief Engineer American Sheet Steel Co.,
Vandergrift Building, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). D
♦Ely, Theo. N., Chief of Motive Power, Pennsylvania R.R., Broad
St. Station, Philadelphia, Pa. (29). 1886. D
♦Emerson, Prof. Benjamin K., Box 203, Amherst, Mass. (19). 1877.
E F
♦Emkrson, C. F., Box 499, Hanover, N. H. (22). 1874. A B
♦Emery, Albert H., Stamford, Conn. (29). 1884. B D
Emery, Albert Hamilton, Jr., 312 Main St., Stamford, Conn. (47).
d'
Emery, William O., Crawfordsville, Ind. (53). C
Emmerton, Frederic Augustus, 9 Bratenahl Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio.
(50). I
Emmons, Arthur B.,Wewport, R. I. (50). E
♦Emmons, S. F., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. (26). 1879. E
Emory, Hon. Frederic, Chief of the Bureau of Foreign Com-
merce, State Department, Washington, D. C. (5a). I
Enders, Howard Edwin, 1007 W. Lafayette Ave., Baltimore, Md.
(50). FG
Engle, Horace M., Roanoke, Va. (52). E
Engle, Wilber Dcwight, Professor of Chemistry, University of
Denver, University Park, Colo. (50). C
♦Engler. Edmund Arthur, President Worcester Polytechnic Insti-
tute, Worcester, Mass. (50). 1901. A
English, William Thompson, M. D., Professor of Physical Diagno-
sis, Western University of Pennsylvania, Pittsburg, Pa. (50).
K
Eno, a. F., 32 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (50).
Eno, John Chester, 18 West 38th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Epper, Rev. Fro win, O. S. B., Mt. Angel, Oregon. (50). F
Esmond, Darwin W., Newburgh, N. Y. (50). A I
Esterly, Calvin Olin, Assistant in Zoology, University of Cali-
fornia, Berkeley, Cal. (53). F
EsTES, Dana, Brookline, Mass. (29). H I
♦Evans, Alexander W., M. D., 12 High St., New Haven, Conn. (45).
1903. 6
Evans, Britton D., M. D., Medical Director of N. J. State Hospital,
Morris Plains, N. J. (51). K
(81)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
Evans, Henry Brown, 3009 Cambridge Place, Washington, D. C.
(48). A
Evans, Samuel G., 211 Main St., Evansville, Ind (39). F
Evans, Thomas, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(S3)- C
Evans, Walter Harrison, Ph. D., Department of Agriculture,
Washington, D. C. (52). 8
Evans-Carrington, Rev. Edward, 227 E. Cucharras St., Colorado
Springs, Colo. (51). I
Evermann, Barton Warren, Bureau of Fisheries, Department of
Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (52). F
Evers, Edward, M. D., 1861 N. Market St., St. Louis, Mo. (28).
F H
Eycleshymer, Albert Chauncey, Department of Anatomy, Univer-
sity of Chicago, Chicago, 111 (53). K
♦Eycrman, John, **Oakhurst," Easton, Pa. (33). 1S89. ^ ^
Fahrig, Ernst, 3642 York Road, Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
♦Fairbanks, Henry, Ph. D., St. Johnsbury, Vt. (14). 1874. ABB
Fairchild, B. T., P. O. Box 1120, New York, N. Y. (36).
♦Fairchild, David Grandison, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washing*
ton, D. C. (47). 1898. 6
♦Fairchild, Prof. H. L., Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. (28).
1883. E F
Falconer, William, Superintendent, Allegheny Cemetery, Pitts-
burg, Pa. (29).
Falding, Frederic J., Consulting Chemical Engineer, 52 Broadway,
New York, N. Y. (50). C
Falk, Gustav, 24 East 8:st St., New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Fanning, John T., Consulting Engineer, Kasota Block, Minne-
apolis, Minn. (29). 1885. B
♦Fargis, Rev. Geo. A., S. J., Georgetown University, Washington,
D. C. (40). 1892.
Farley, Godfrey Pearson, C. E., General Manager, W. W. & P. R. R.
Co., Wiscasset, Maine. (51). B
♦Farlow, Dr. W. G., 24 Quincy St., Cambridge, Mass. (20). 1875. B
Farnsworth, Philo J., M. D., Clinton, Iowa. (50). K
Farquhar, Miss Helen, State Normal School, West Chester, Pa.
(SO). AB
♦Farquhar, Henry. Census Office, Washington, D. C. (33). 1886.
A B 6 I
Farr, Marcus S., Sc. D., Princeton Univ.. Princeton, J^, J. (49). E
♦Farrand, Livingston, M. D., Columbia University, New York,N. Y.
(50). 1902. H
Farwell, Elmer S., Steam Engineer, 507 W. i42d St., New York,
N. Y. (51). A B
(82)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Farwell, Robert Benneson, C. E., 53 Monument Ave., Charles-
town, Mass. (47). D
*Fassig, Oliver Lanard, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
(46). 1899. B
Past, Richard Ellsworth, Professor American History and Political
Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown. AV. Va. (50).
I
Faught, John B., Professor of Mathematics, Northern State Normal
School, Marquette, Mich. (50). A
FauU, Mrs. Annie B. Sargent, 245 McCaul St., Toronto, Canada.
(52). F
Fawcett, Ezra, Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, 233 Ely St.,
Alliance, Ohio. (48). B D
Fawcett, William, Director, Dept. of Public Gardens and Planta-
tions, Hope Gardens, Kingston, Jamaica, B. W. I. (53)* B
Fay, L. G., Naval Office, 20 Exchange Place, New York, N. Y.
(50).
Fellows, Charles S., 912 Chamber of Commerce, Minneapolis, Minn.
(34). F
♦Felt. Ephraim Porter, Ph. D., State Entomologist, Albany, N. Y.
(44). 1899. F
*Fenneman, Nevin M., Ph. D., University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wis. (51). 1903. E
F^nyes, Adalbert, M. D., P. O. Box W, Pasadena, Cal. (51). F
Ferguson, Alexander McGowen, Instructor in Botany, Univ. of
Texas, Austin, Texas. (51). B
Ferguson, L. L., Optician, 155 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
(52). ■
Fernald, F. A., 301 W. Utica St., Buffalo. N. Y. (43). C
*Fernow, Bernhard E., Director N. Y. State College of Forestry.
Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (31). 1887. 6 I
Ferril, William C, Curator, Siate Historical and Natural History
Society of Colorado, Denver, Colo. (50). E F B H I
Ferry, Dexter M., Jr., Seedsman, 1040 Woodward Ave., Detroit,
Mich. (50). G
*Fessenden, Reginald A., care of National Electric Signalling Co.,
8th and Water Sts., Washington, D. C. (47). 1899. A B
Fetterman, John Colvin, Castle Shannon, Pa. (51). E F
*Fcwkes, Dr. J. Walter, Bureau of Amer. Ethnology, Washington,
D. C. (48). 1900. H
Field, George Wilton, Mass. Jnst. Tech., Boston, Mass. (47).
Field, W. L. W., Milton, Mass. (47^. F
Finch, John Wellington, State Geologist, Victor, Colo. (50). E
Findlay, Merlin C, Professor of Biology, Park College, Parkville»
Mo. (50). F
(83)
4 '
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Fink, Prof. Bruce, Professor of Botany, Iowa College, Grinnell,
Iowa. (45). 1890. 6
Finley, Norval Howard, 6638 Deary St., Pittsburg, Pa. (52). C
Fireman, Peter, Ph. D., Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. (45). D
♦Firmstone, F., Easton. Pa. (33). 1887. D
Fischel, Washington E., M. D., 2647 Washington Ave., St. Louis,
Afo. (50). F K
Fischer, Charles E. M., care of Western Electric Co., 259 S.Clinton
St., Chicago, 111. (53). F
Fischer, Louis Albert, Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of
Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (47). ABC
Fish, Charles Henry, M. E., General Manager, Cocheco Mf'g Co.
Dover, N. H. (51). D
♦Fish, Pierre A., D. Sc, Professor of Comparative Physiology and
Pharmacology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (49). 1901. K
Fish, Walter Clark, General Elec. Co., Lynn, Mass. (50). D
Fishburne, Edward Bell, Jr., President Hoge Memorial Militaiy
Academy, Blackstone, Va. (51). D
Fisher, George E., 37 and 39 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (37).
Fisher, George Egbert, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pa. (51).
Fisher, Henry Wright, Electrical Engineer, S. U. Cable Co.,
Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D
♦Fisher, Irving, Ph. D., 460 Prospect St., New Haven, Conn. (50).
190T. A I
Fisher, Robert Jones, 614 F St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (50). D
Fisher, Robert Welles, M. D., 159 E. 2d South St., Salt L-ike City,
Utah. (51). K
Fisher, S. Wilson, 1502 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). A
Fisk, Herbert F., Principal of the Academy, Northwestern Uni-
versity, Evanston, 111. (50),
♦Fiske, Prof. Thomas S., Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
1901. (50).
Fiske, Wilbur A., Professor of Science, Richmond High School,
Richmond, Ind. (51). B
♦Fitz, George W., M. D., 483 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (47).
1898. H
Fitz Gerald, Francis A. J., P. O. Box uS, Niagara Falls, N. Y. (50).
C
Pitzpatrick, Thomas J., Estherville, Iowa. (52). 6
Flanders, Charles S., Franklin, Mass. (42). E
♦Flather, John J., Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (44). 1896. D
Fleming, John A., 185 1 Kinney Ave., E. Walnut Hills, Cincinnati,
Ohio. (48).
(84)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Fleming, Miss Marv A., The Oxford, 432 Pearl St., Buffalo, N. Y.
(47). E 6
Flemming, Dudley D., Gas Engineer, 249 Washington St., Jersey
City, N. J. (50). C D
♦Fletcher, Miss Alice C, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass. (29).
1883. H
Flltcher, Andrew, 339 West 77th St., New York, NT. Y. (50).
♦Fletcher, James, Ph. D., Dominion Entomologist, Experimental
Farm, Ottawa, Can. C31). 1883. F
♦Fletcher, Robert, M. D., Army Medical Museum, Washington,
D. C. (29). iSSi. F H
♦Fletcher, Robert, Ph. D., Director of Thayer School of Civil En-
gineering, Hanover, N. H. (51). 1902. D
Flexner, Simon, Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (52). K
Flickinger, Junius R., Sc. D., Principal of Normal School, Pres.,
Pa. Educational Assn., Normal School, Lock Haven, Pa. (51).
♦Flint, Albert S., Washburn Observatory, Madison, Wis. (30).
1887. A
♦Flint, Austin, M. D., LL.D.. Professor of Physiology. Cornell
University Medical College, New York, N. Y. (50). 190 1. F K
♦Flint, James M., Surgeon U. S. N., Stoneleigh Court, Washington,
D. C. (28). 1882. F
♦Focke, Theodore M., Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland,
Ohio. (44). 1903. A B
♦Folej', Prof. Arthur Lee, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind.
(46). 1900. B
Folkmar, Daniel, D. S. S., care of Civil Service, Manila. P. L
(46). H I
Folsom, David M., Stanford University, Cal. (51). E
Folsom, Justus Watson, Instructor in Entomology, University of
Illinois, Champaign, 111. (53). F
Foote, Allen Ripley, Editor of "Public Policy," 625 Home Insur-
ance Building, Chicago. 111. (52). I
Foote, James S., M. D., Creighton Medical College, Omaha, Neb.
(50). F K
Foote, Warren M., 1317 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. (50). C
Forbes, Charles Savage, Assistant in Matrhematics, Columbia Uni-
versity, New York, N. Y. (53). A
Forbes, Robert H., Professor of Chemistry, University of Arizona,
Tucson, Arizona. (50). C
Ford, Prof. Arthur H., Professor of Electrical Engineering,
Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta. Ga. (52). D
Ford, James B., 4 East 43d St., New York, N. Y. (49).
(85)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Fort, I. A., U. p. Land Agent, North Platte, Neb. (51).
Forwood, Gen. William Henry, M. D., U. S. A., 1425 Euclid Place,
N.W., Washington, D. C. (52). K
Foster, Macomb G., P. O. Box 1120, New York, N. Y. (49).
Foster, William, Newburgh, N. Y. (50). I
Foulk, Charles W., Assist. Professor of Analytical Chemistry,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. (51). C
Fox, Charles James, M. D., Lock Box A, Willimantic, Conn. (51). K
Fox, Henry, 5603 Germantown Ave., Germantown, Philadelphia,
Pa. (52). F
Fox, Philip, Carnegie Assistant, Yerkes Observatory, Williams
Bay, Wis. (53). A
Fox, William, Asst. Professor Physics, College of the City of New
York, New York, N. Y. (50). B D
Foxworthy, Fred. William, Assistant in Botanical Department,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. (52). 6
Fracker, George Cutler, Professor of Philosophy and Psychology,
Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. (52). H
Fraenkel, Joseph, M. D.,46 East 75th St., New York, N. Y. (50). K
Francis, Charles Kenworthy, Ph. B., Prof, of Chemistry, Converse
College, Spartanburg, S. C. (50). C
Francisco, M. Judson, 49 Merchants' Row, Rutland, Vt. (50). I
♦Frankforter, George B., Professor of Chemistry, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (43). 1901. C
Frankland, Frederick W., Herston Farm, Foxton, Manawater,
N. Z. (50).
^Franklin, Mrs. C. Ladd, 516 Park Ave., Baltimore, Md. (47). 1899.
H
♦Franklin, Edward Curtis, Ph. D., Stanford University, Cal. (47).
1900. B 6
♦Franklin, William S., Lehigh University, So. Bethlehem, Pa. (36).
1892. B
♦Frazer, Dr. Pbrsifor, Drexel Building, Room 1042, Philadel-
phia, Pa. (24). 1879. C E
♦Frazier, Prof. B. W., Lehigh University, So. Bethlehem, Pa. (24).
1882. C E
♦Frear, William, State College, Pa. (33). 1886. C
Frederick, Charles Wamock, U. S. Naval Observatory, Washing-
ton, D. C. (50). ABC
Freeborn, George C, M. D., 215 West 70th St., New York, N. Y.
(50). K
♦Freedman, William Horatio, Professor of Electrical Engineering,
University of Vermont, Burlington, Vt. (50). 1901. B D
(86)
« *
* •
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Freeman, Charles, Ph. D., Director of Clark Chemical Laboratory,
Westminster College, New Wilmington, Pa. (50). C
Freeman, Prof. T.J. A., Loyola College, Baltimore, Md. (33). B C
♦Freer, Prof. Paul C, Ann Arbor, Mich. (39). 1891. C
Freley, Jasper Warren, M. S., Professor of Physics, Wells College,
Aurora, N. Y. (45). BE
French, E. L., Crucible Steel Co. of America, Syracuse, N.Y. (51). C
French, Owen B., U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington,
D. C. (52). A D E
•French, Prof. Thomas, Jr., Amherst, Mass. (30). 1883. B
Fretz, Augustus Henry, Doylestown, Pa. (50).
Fretz, John Edgar, M. D., 120 North 3d St., Easton, Pa. (46). F 6 H
Frick, Prof. John H., Dept. of Mathematics, Central Wesleyan Col-
lege, Warren ton, Mo. (27). A B E F
Friedenwald, Harry, M. D., Associate Prof, of Ophthalmology
and Otology, College of Phys. and Surgs., 1029 Madison Ave.,
Baltimore, Md. (51). K
Friend, Samuel Henry, M. D., 141 Wisconsin St. , Milwaukee, Wis.
(51). K
•Fries, Dr. Harold H., 92 Reade St., New York, N. Y. (40).
189S. C
Frisbib, J. F.,M. D.,Box 455, Newton, Mass. (29). E H
•Frisby, Prof. Edgar, U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C.
(a8). 1880. A
Frissell, H. S., President of the Fifth Avenue Bank of N. Y., 5th
Ave and 44th St., New York, N. Y. (52). I
Frost, Arthur Barzilla, 33 Fay St., E. Cleveland, Ohio. (53). C
♦Frost, Edwin Brant, Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis.
(38). Z890. A B
Frost, George H., C. E., Editor of '* Engineering News,'* 220 Broad*
way, New York, N. Y. (50). B D
Frost, William Dodge, Instructor in Bacteriology, University of
Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (50). F
Frothingham, Mrs. Frederick, 152 PawtucketSt., Lowell, Mass.
(31). A F I
Fry, Charles, 40 Water St., Boston, Mass. (53). I
Frye, Theodore Christian, Professor of Botany, State University,
Seattle, Washington. (53). fi
Fuller, Charles Gordon, M. D., Reliance Building, Chicago, 111.
(35). F
♦Fuller, George W., 170 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50). 1903. K
•Fuller, Prof. Homer T., President Drury College, Springfield, Mo.
(35). 1891. C E
♦Fuller, Melville W., LL.D., Chief Justice U. S. Supreme Court,
1801 F St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (40). 1901. I
(87)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Puller, Myron L., Assistant Geologist, U. S. Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C. (50). E
Ftillmer, Edward Lawrence, Berea. Ohio. (50). F
♦Fulton, Robert B., Chancellor Univ. of Mississippi, University,
Miss. (21). 1887. A B
Fulton, Weston Miller, Instructor in Meteorology, University of
Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. (50). B
Furlow, Floyd Charles, Professor of Experimental Engineering,
Georgia School of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. (50). D
♦Furness, Miss Caroline E., Ph. D., Vassar College, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y. (47). 1899. A
Purst, Clyde, Secretary of Teachers' College, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y. (52).
Gable, George D., Ph. D., Parsons College, Fairfield, Iowa. (40).
A B
Gaff. Thomas T., 1738 M St., Washington, D. C. (52).
♦Gage, Prof. Simon Henry, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (28).
1881. F
♦Gage, Mrs. Susanna Phelps, Ithaca, N. Y. (48). 1900. F
Gage-Day, Mary, M. D., 207 Wall St., Kingston-on- Hudson, N. Y.
(51). K
Gager, C. Stuart, Professor of Biologic Science, New York State
Normal College, Albany, N. Y. (50). F 6
Gahagan, William L., M. D., 141 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (51).
K
•Galbraith, Prof. John, School of Practical Science, Toronto, Can.
(38). 1889. D
♦Galloway, B. T., U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (37).
1890. 6
Galloway, David Henry, M. D., Payette, Idaho (53). C
♦Galloway, Thomas W^alton, James Milliken Univ., Decatur, 111.
(45). 1901. F G
♦Ganong, Wm. F., Prof essor of Botany, Smith College, Northamp-
ton, Mass. (49). 1900. G
Gantt, Henry Lawrence, Consulting Engineer, care American
Locomotive Co., Schenectady, N. Y. (51). D I
Ganz, Albert Frederick, M. E., Professor of Applied Electricity,
Stevens Institute, Hoboken, N. J. (52). A B D
Garcin, Ramon D., M. D., 2618 E. Broad St., Richmond, Va. (51).
K
Gardiner, Charles Fox, M. D., 818 N. Cascade Ave., Colorado
Springs, Colo. (51). K
Gardiner, Edward G., Ph. D., 131 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass.
(SI).
Gardiner, Rev. Frederic, Jr., Yeates School, Lancaster, Pa. (47). F H
(88)
MBMQERS AND FELLOWS.
Oardner, Rev. Corliss B., Ripley, N. Y. (29). A B I
Gardner, Geo. Clinton, 416 Beach St., N., Richmond Hill, New
York, N. Y. (50).
Garland, Jos. E., M. D., 17 Pleasant St., Gloucester, Mass. (51). K
Gamer, James Bert, Professor of Chemistry .Wabash College, Craw-
fordsville, Ind. (53). C
Gamier, Madame Laure Russell, The Castle, Tarry town, N. Y. (40).
Garrett, Albert O., 615 South 9th East St., Salt Lake City, Utah.
(50). fi
Garriott, Edward B., U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. (49).
Garrison, Harriet E., M. D., 105 E. Second St., Dixon, 111. (51). K
Garver, John A., 44 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Garvin, John B., Instructor in Chemistry, High School District
No. J, Denver, Colo. (50). C
Gary, Lester B., Instructor in Biology, Central High School, Buf-
falo, N. Y. (53). F
Gates, Fanny Cook, Instructor in Physics, Woman's College,
Baltimore, Md. (50). A B
Gault, Franklin B., 602 N. I St., Tacoma, Wash. (43).
Gause, Fred Taylor, Manager Standard Oil Co. of New York, T.
and B. Dept. Yokohama, Japan. (40).
Gauss, Robert, Editor "Denver Republican," Denver, Colo. (50). I
Gazzam, Hon. Joseph M., 61 1-6 14 Real Estate Trust Bldg., Phila-
delphia, Pa. (53). A
Geisler, Joseph F., New York Mercantile Exchange, New York,
N. Y. (50).
♦Genth, Fred. A., 103 N. Front St., Philadelphia, Pa. (32). 1900.
C E
♦Gen the, Karl Wilhelm, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Natural
History, Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. (50). 190 1. F
George, Russell D., Professor of Geology, University of Colorado,
Boulder, Colo. (53). fi
♦Germann, George B., Principal of Public School No. 130, Brook-
lyn, N. Y. (49). 1901. A
Getman, Frederick H., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
(45). B
♦GiBBs, Prop. Wolcott, Newport, R. I. (i). 1896. B C
Gibson , George H., Peabody Bldg., Hyde Park, Mass. (51). D I
♦Gies, William J., College of Physicians and Surgeons, 437 West
59th St., New York, N. Y. (49). 1901. C
Gifford, Harold, M. D., 405 Karbach Block, Omaha, Neb. (51). K
♦Gifford, John Clayton, New York State College of Forestry, Ithaca,
N. Y. (50). 1902. 6
Gilbert, Charles B., Supt. Public Instruction, 106 Brunswick St.,
Rochester, N. Y. (50). I
(89)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Gilbert, G. K., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. (i8).
1874. E
Gilbert, Norman Everett, Professor of Physics, Dartmouth Col-
lege, Hanover, N. H. (51). B
Gilchrist, John D. P., Ph. D.. Government Biologist of Cape Colony,
Department of Agriculture, Cape Town, South Africa. (53) . F fi
Gilchrist, T. Caspar, 317 N. Charles St.. Baltimore, Md. (52).
Gildersleeve, Nathaniel, M. D., Assistant in Bacteriology, Lab-
oratory of Hygiene, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pa. (52). K
♦Gill, Adam Capen, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (38). 1894. E
♦Gill, Augustus Herman, Mass. Institute Technology, Boston, Mass.
(44). 1896. C
♦Gill, Theodore Nicholas, M. D., Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.
(17). 1874, F
♦Gillette, Clarence P., Professor of Zoology, Agrictiltural College,
Fort Collins, Colo. (50). 190 1. F
Gilman, Charles Edward, Stanford University, Cal. (51). E
♦Gilman, Daniel C, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
(10). 1875. E M
♦Girty, George H., Ph. D., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
(48). 1903. E
Glaser, C, Analytical and Consulting Chemist, 21 S. Gay St., Balti-
more, Md. (49).
Glasgow, Frank A., M. D., 3894 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
(53)- K
Gleason, H. Allan, Asst. in Botany, Univ. of Illinois, Champaign,
111. (50). G
Gleason, W. Stanton, M. D., 143 Grand St., Newburgh, N. Y. (50).
F K
♦Glenn, L. C, Ph. D., Professor of Geology, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tenn. (50). 1003. E
♦Glenn, William, 1348 Block St., Baltimore, Md. (33). 1893. C
Glenny, William H., Buffalo, N. Y. (25).
Glover, Charles Carroll, 1703 K St. N.W., Washington, D. C.
(52). I
Godfrey, Chas. C, M. D., 753 Lafayette St., Bridgeport, Conn. (51).
K
Godkin, Mrs. E. L., 8 W. loth St.. New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Goessmann, Prof. C. A., Mass. Agric. College, Amherst, Mass. (18).
1875. C
Gold, Rev. Dr. James Douglas, Covington, Ohio. (50). I
♦Gold, Theodores., West Cornwall, Conn. (4). 1887. B C
Golden, Harry E., Civil Engineer, Mann Building, Utica, N. Y.
(51). «>
(90)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Golden, Miss Katherine E., Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.
(42). 1897. 6
Goldsborough, John Byron, Croton-on- Hudson, N. Y. (51).
♦Goldschmidt, S. A., Ph. D., 43 Sedgwick St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
(24). 1880. B C E
♦Goldsmith, Edw., 658 N. loth St., Philadelphia, Pa. (29). 1892. B C
Goldthwait, James Walter, Assistant in Geology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass. (51). E
Goldthwaite, Miss Nellie Esther, Mount Holyoke College, So.
Hadley, Mass. (47). C
♦Gomberg, Moses, Sc. D., iioi E. University Ave., Ann Arbor,
Mich. (51). 1903. C
♦Gooch, Frank A., Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (25). 1880. C
♦Goodale, Prof. George Lincoln, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge,
Mass. (18). 1875. 6
Goodale, Joseph Lincoln, M. D., 397 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.
(so). F K
Goode,'John Paul, Instructor in Geography, University of Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (52). E H I
Goodnow, Henry R., 95 Riverside Drive, New York, N. Y. (32). B
♦Goodspeed, Arthur Willis, Ph. D., Dept. Physics, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (47). 1898. A B
Goodwin, Elmer Forrest, Principal and Prof. Physics and Chemistry,
Concord Branch, West Virginia State Normal School, Athens,
W. Va. (so). BC
♦Goodwin, Harry M., Professor of Physical Chemistry, Mass. In-
stitute Technology, Boston, Mass. (47). 1901. B
Goodwin, Rev. James, 76 Garden St., Hartford, Conn. (52). I
♦Goodyear, William H., Museum of Brooklyn Institute of Arts and
Sciences, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. (43). 1902. H
Gordon, Charles Henry, Ph. D., Acting Professor of Geology, Uni-
versity of Washington, Seattle, Wash. (52). E
Gordon, Clarence McC, Ph. D., Professor of Physics, Centre Col-
lege, Danville, Ky. (48). ABC
Gordon, Gustavus Ede, Scientific Director, Walker Gordon Lab-
oratory Co., Chevy Chase, Md. (51). F
Gordon, Leonard J., M. D., President Free Public Library, Jersey
City. N. J. (52). K
Gordon, Reginald, Newburgh, N. Y. (50).
Gordon, Robert H., Cumberland, Md., (48). E F
Gore, J. W., Professor Physics, Univ. of N. C, Chapel Hill, N. C.
(51). B
Gorham, Frederic P., Associate Professor of Biology, Brown Uni-
versity, Providence, R. I. (53). F K
♦Goss, Prol. Wm. F. M., Lafayette, Ind. (39). 1896.
(90
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Gossard, Harry Arthur, Professor of Entomology, Florida Agri-
cultural College, Lake City, Fla. (51). F
Goucher, John Franklin, President of The Woman's College, Balti-
more, Md. (50).
Gould, Charles Net on, Professor of Geology, University of Okla-
homa. Norman, Okla. (53). E
♦Gould, George Milbry, M. D., 163 1 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). 1902. K
Gould, H. P., 1 2 19 13th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52). G
Gouldy, Miss Jennie A., Newburgh, N. Y. (50). I
Grabill, H. P., 1004 Enas Ave., Des Moines, Iowa. (50). C
Graef, Edw. L., 58 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (28). F
Graf, August V., 1325-29 S. 7th St., St. Louis, Mo. (53).
Graham, Andrew B., 1230 Pa. Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. (5a). I
Graham, Douglas, M. D., 74 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. (51). K
Graham, James Chandler, Chemist, Phillips Academy, Andover,
Mass. (50). C
Graham, Robert Dunn. 281 Fourth Ave., New York, N. Y. (50).
Granbery, Julian Hastings, Engineer and Electrician, 561 Walnut
St., Elizabeth, N. J. (50). D
Granger, Arthur O., Cartersville, Ga. (50). A B
♦Grant, Ulysses Sherman, Ph. D., Professor of Geology, North-
western University, Evanston, 111. (50). 1902. E
Grant, Willis Howard, 744 South Ave., Wilkensburg, Pa. (51). C G
Granville, William Anthony, Ph. D., Instructor in Mathematics,
Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (50). A
♦Gratacap, L. P., 77th St. and 8th Ave., New York, N. Y. (27).
1884. C E F
♦Gray, Prof. Thomas, Terre Haute, Ind. (38). 1889. D
Greeff, Ernest F., 37 W. 88th St. New York, N. Y. (49)
♦Green, Arthur L., Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind. (33). 1888.
C
♦Green, Bernard Richardson, Civil Engineer, Supt. of Congressional
Library Building, 1738 N St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (51).
1903. B D
Greene, Chas. Lyman, M. D., 150 Lowry Arcade, St. Paul, Minn.
(50. K
♦Greene, Charles Wilson, Ph. D., Professor of Physiology, State
University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. (50). 1901. F K
Green, Edgar Moore, M. D., Easton, Pa. (36). C Q H
Greene, G. K., 127 W. Market St., New Albany, Ind. (38).
Green, Horace, care "Sunday American and Journal," 15 Spruce
St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Greene, Jacob L., President Mut. Life Insurance Co., Hartford,
Conn. (23).
(9^)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Green, Milbrey, M. D., 567 Columbus Ave., Boston, Mass. (29).
Greenlach, Wallace, Deputy City Engineer, Albany, N. Y. (51). D
♦Greenman, Jesse M., 875 Doan St., Cleveland, Ohio. (47). 1899. G
Greenough, Charles Pelham, Attorney at Law, 39 Court St., Boston,
Mass. (50). I
Greenough, John, 31 W. 35th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Greenway, James C, 667 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. (53).
Gregg. William H., M. D., Port Chester, N. Y. (49).
♦Gregory, Miss Emily Ray, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Wells
College, Aurora, N. Y. (50). 1901. F
♦Gregory, Herbert E., Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (50).
1902. E
Griffin, Gen. Eugene, First Vice-President, General Electric Co.,
44 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (50). D
Griffith, C. J., Instructor in Dairying, Agricultural College, Fort
Collins, Colo. (50). F
Griffith, Herbert Eugene, Professor of Chemistry, Knox College,
Galesburg, 111. (50). C
♦Griffiths, David, Div. Agrostology, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Wash-
ington D. C. (49). 1903. Q
Griggs, Robert F., Professor of Biology, Fargo College, Fargo, N.
Dak. (52). Q
Grimm, Carl Robert, Bridge and Structural Er^gineer, 1622 Caton
Ave., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. (51). D
Grimsley, George Perry, Secretary, Kansas Academy of Sciences,
Topeka, Kansas. (51). E
♦Grindley, Dr. Harry Sands, Associate Professor of Chemistry,
University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. (46). 1898. C
♦Grinnell, George Bird, 346 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (25).
1885. E F
Griswold, Clifford S., Head of Dept. of Physics, Groton School,
Groton, Mass. (50). B
♦Griswold, Leon Stacy, 238 Boston St., Dorchester, Mass. (38). 1893. E
♦Groat, Benjamin Peland, Asst. Prof, of Mathematics and Mechan-
ics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (51). 1903. A
Grosskopf, Ernest C, M. D., Medical Superintendent Milwaukee
County Hospital, Wauwatosa, Wis. (51). K
Grossman, Edward L., M. D., 413J Kearny St., San Francisco, Cal.
(53). K
Grosvenor, Edwin P., 414 West ii8th St., New York, N. Y. (52).
Grosvenor, Gilbert H., ** National Geographic Magazine," Cor-
coran Bldg., Washington, D. C. (48). El
Groszmann, Maximilian P. E., Director of the Groszmann School
for Atypical and Nervous Children, *' Pinehurst,*' Depot Lane,
Washington Heights, New York, N. Y. (52). K
(93)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
*Urout, Abel J.. Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. (47). 1899. G
Grover, Edwin Osgood, General Editor for Rand, McNally and
Co., Highland Park, 111. (52).
Grover, Frederick Orville, Professor of Botany, Oberlin College,
Oberlin, Ohio. (50). Q
Grower, Geo. G., Ansonia, Conn. (43). B D
Gruenberg, Benjamin C, Teacher of Biology, De Witt Clinton High
School, 69 W. 88th St., New York, N. Y. (52). 6
♦Gruener, Hippolyte, Adelbert College, Cleveland. Ohio. (44)*
1898.
Guiick, Luther Halsey, M. D., Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(52). K
♦Gulliver, F. P., St. Marks School, Southboro, Mass. (40). 1900. E
Gummere, Henry Volkmar, Professor of Mathematics, Physics and
Astronomy, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa. (51). A B
Gunsaiilus, Rev. Frank W., President, Armour Institute, Chicago,
111. (53).
Guth, Morris S., M. D., Supt. State Hospital for the Insane, War-
ren, Pa. (51). K
♦Guthe, Karl E., Ph. D., Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department of
Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (45). 1897. B
Guthrie, Joseph E., Instructor in Zoology, Iowa State College,
Ames, Iowa. (52). F
Guthrie, William Alvis, M. D., Franklin, Ky. (51). K
Guthrie, William E., M. D., Bloomington, 111. (51). K
Gutierrez, Manuel R., Professor of Physics, Normal School, Calle
de las Victimas num. i, Jalapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico. (50). B
Guyer, Prof. M. P., University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(52). F e
Hadley, Artemus N., Box 313, Indianapolis, Ind. (51). 0
♦Hagar, Stansbury, 48 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (43). 1899.
Hager, Albert Ralph, in charge Educational Exhibit, Philippines
Section, La. Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo. (52). B C
♦Hague, Arnold, U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. (26). 1879.
E
♦Hague, James D., 18 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (50). 1903. E
Hailman, James D., C. E., Shady Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). A B
♦Haines, Reuben, Haines and Chew Sts., Germantown, Philadel-
phia, Pa. (27). 1889. B C
Haines, Thomas Harvey, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Phil-
osophy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. (52). H
Hairgrove, John Whitlock, M. D., Jacksonville, III. (53). K
♦Hale, Albert C, Ph. D., 352A Hancock St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
(2q). 1S86. B C
Hale, George D., 1059 Lake Ave., Rochester, N. Y. (41).
(94)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
*Hale, George E., Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis. (37).
189Z. ABC
♦Hale, William H.. Ph. D., 40 First Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. {\q\
1874. ABCEFHI
*Hall, Asaph, U. S. N., South Norfolk, Conn. (25). 1877. A
♦Hall, Asaph, Jr., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (38).
1890. A
♦Hall, Charles M., Vice-President Pittsburg Reduction Co., Niagara
Falls, N. Y. (50). 1903. C
♦Hall, C. W., Dean College of Engineering Met. and Mechan. Arts,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (28). 1883. D E
Hall, Edwin Bradford. Wellsville, N. Y. (50). C
♦Hall, Edwin H., 5 Avon St., Cambridge, Mass. (29). 1881. B
Hall, Fred. C, Jr., M. D., Cuba, Kansas. (51). K
Hall, James P., 6 Poplar St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (40). A B
Hall, Joseph Underwood, M. D., 216 Autumn St., San Jos6, Cal.
(SI). K
♦Hall, Prof. Lyman B., Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. (31).
1884. C
Hall, Robert William, 28 South Center St., Bethlehem, Pa. (50). F
Hall, William Bonnell, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and
Physiology, University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn. (51). K
Hall, William Shafer, Professor of Mining and Graphics, Lafayette
College, Easton, Pa. (50). E
Hall, Winfield Scott, Ph. D., Professor of Physiology, Northwestern
Univ. Med. School, 2431 Dearborn St.. Chicago, 111. (52). H K
Hallack, H. Tuthill, M. D., Alcott Station, Denver, Colo. (51). K
Halley, Robert Bums, Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Sam
Houston Normal Institute, Huntsville, Texas. (50). B C
♦Hallock, Albert P., Ph. D., 440 First Ave., New York, N. Y. (31).
1896. C
Hallock, Frank Kirkwood, M. D., Cromwell, Conn. (50). K
♦Hallock, Dr. William, Columbia University, New^York, N. Y.
(40). 1893. BE
♦Hallowell, Prof. Susan M., Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. (33).
1890. 6
♦Halsted, Byron D., Professor of Botany and Horticulture, Rutgers
College, New Brunswick, N. J. (29). 1883. ^
*Halsted, George Bruce, M. D., Kenyon College. Gambier, Ohio.
(43). 1896.
♦ Halsted, William Stewart, 1201 Eutaw Place, Baltimore, Md. (50).
1903. K
Ham. Miss Clara Eleanor, Instructor in Biology, Northfield, Mass.
(53)- F
Ham, Judson B., Teacher Natural Science, Vt. State Normal
School, Johnson, Vermont. (50). F P
(95)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Hamaker, John Irvin, Professor of Geology and Biology, Trinity
College, Durham, N. C. (50). 190 1. E F
♦Hambach, Dr. G., 13 19 Lami St., St. Louis, Mo. (26). 1891. E F
Hamilton, William, Ph. D., U. S. Bureau of Education, Washing-
ton, D. C. (52). E
Hammatt, Clarence Sherman, Vice-President, Florida Electric Co.,
Jacksonville, Fla. (50). D
Hammel, Wm. C. A., Director of Manual Training and Physics,
State Normal College, Greensboro, N. C. (50). B F
Hammer, William Joseph, Consulting Electrical Engineer, 1406
Havemeyer Building, New York, N. Y. (52). B
Hammond, Mrs. Eliza F., 1689 Cambridge St., Cambridge, Mass.
(46).
Hammond, George W., Yarmouthville, Maine. (47).
♦Hammond, John Hays, 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50).
Z901. D E
Hammond, Mrs. John Hays, 320 Madison Ave., Lake wood, N. J.
(50). H
♦Hanaman, C. E., Troy, N. Y. (19). 1883. F
Hance, Anthony M., 2217 DeLancey Place, Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). C
Hancock, James Cole, M. D., 43 Cambridge Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(51). K
Harbaugh, Miss Joanna V. S., Mt. Vernon Seminary, iioo M
St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52). I
Hard, J as. M. B., Cordobanes 16, City of Mexico, Mexico. (50). C
♦Harding, Everhart Percy, Instructor in Chemistry, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (50). 1901. C
Harding, Harry A., N. Y. Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva,
N. Y. (48). 6
Hardy, Edward R., 31 Allen St., Boston, Mass. (49). I
♦Hargitt, Prof. Charles W., Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y.
(38). 1891. F
Harmon, Miss A. Maria, 171 McLaren St., Ottawa, Can. (31).
F H
Harmon, Herbert W., South- Western State Normal School, Cali-
fornia, Pa. (52). B
Hamly, Henry Jacob, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, McPherson Col-
lege, McPherson, Kan. (50). F G
♦Harper, Henry Winston, M. D., The University of Texas, Austin,
Texas. (45). 1899. C
Harper, R. H., M. D., Afton, Indian Ter. (51). F H K
Harper, William R., LL.D., President University of Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (53).
Harrah, C. J., P. O. Box 1606, Philadelphia, Pa. (48). H
(96)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOW8.
Haniman, George B., 2 A Park St., Boston, Mass. (59). K
* Harris, Abram Winegardner, Sc. D., Port Deposit, Md. (40),
1895. C
Harris, Mrs. Carolyn W., 125 St. Marks Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
(50). fi
^Harris, Prof. Elijah P., Amherst College, Amherst, Mass. (44).
1896.
Harris, Frederick S., Shullsburg, Wis. (50). E
Harris, J. Campbell, 119 So. i6th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
Harris, James Arthur, Shaw School of Botany, St. Loids, Mo.
(50. Ffi
Harris, Robert Wayne, M. D., 621 Vincennes St., New Albany,
Ind. (51). K
^Harris, Rollin Arthur, U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington, D. C.
(47). 1899. A
* Harris, Uriah R., Commander, U. S. N., U. S. Naval Station,
Olongapo, P. I. (34). 1886. A
Harrison, Judge Lynde, 52 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Conn.
(so). I
Harrison, Robert Henry, M. D., Columbus, Texas. (50). F K
Hart, Charles A., Assistant to State Entomologist, Univ. of Illinois,
Urbana, 111. (51). F
♦Hart, Edw., Ph. D., Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. (33). 1885. C
Hart, James Norris, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy,
Univ. of Maine, Orono, Maine. (51). A
Hart, Joseph Hall, Ph. D., Instructor in Physics, Randal Morgan
Laboratory, Univ. of Penn., Philadelphia, Pa. (52). B
Hart, Rev. Prof. Samuel, Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown,
Conn. (22). A
Harte, Richard H., M. D., 1503 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa.
Hartgering, James, Rapid City, S. Dak. (53). CD
Hartley, Chas. P., Assistant in Plant Breeding, Bureau of Plant
Industry, Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (51). 6
Hartley, Frank, Principal of Allegheny County Academy, Cum-
berland, Md. (51). E 6
Hartman, Dr. C. V., Curator of Archaeology and Ethnology, Car-
negie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. (53). H
Hartness, James, President of Jones and Lamson Machine Co.,
Springfield, Vt. (51). D
Hartz, J. D. Aug., College Point, N. Y. (43).
Hartzell, Prof. J. Culver, Illinois Wesleyan Univ., Bloomington,
111. (49). E
Harvey, Nathan Albert, Ph. D., Vice- Principal Chicago Normal
School, 613 West 67th St., Englewood, Chicago, 111. (52). F
(97)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Harvey, Wm. Stocker, 119 So. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (47).
Harvie, Miss Lelia Jefferson, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Wash-
ington, D. C. (52). A
Hasie, Montague S., C. £., Manager of American Bridge Co. of
New York, Dallas, Texas. (51). D
^Haskell, Eugene E., Campau Building, Detroit, Mich. (39).
1896. A B D
Hasslacher, Jacob, 100 William St., New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Hastings, C. S., Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University, New
Haven, Conn. (25). 1878. B
Hastings, Edwin George, Asst. Bacteriologist, Agr. Exp. Station,
Madison, Wis. (50). F
♦Hatcher, John Bell, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). 1903.
E F
Haukinson, Thomas L., Assistant in Biology, E. 111. State Normal
School, Charleston, 111. (53). F
Haupt, Herman, C. E., The Concord, Washington, D. C. (51). D
♦Haupt, Gen. Lewis Muhlenberg, C. E., Consulting Engineer, 107
North 3Sth St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). 1903. D
Havemeyer, W. F., 3a Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Hawkins, J. Dawson, Colorado Springs, Colo. (50). C D
♦Hay, Prof. Oliver Perry, Amer. Mus. Nat. History, Central Park,
New York, N. Y. (49). 1901. F
Hay, Prof. William P., Howard Univ., Washington, D. C. (49).
Hayes, C. Willard, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(51). E
Hayes, Ellen, Professor of Applied Mathematics, Wellesley College,
Wellesley, Mass. (52).
Hayes, George Washington, C. E., Lebanon, Pa. (51). C D
Hayes, Joel Addison, Banker, Colorado Springs, Colo. (51).
Hayes, Noah, M. D., Seneca, Nemaha Co., Kansas. (51). K
♦Hayford, John P., C. E., U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington,
D. C. (46). 1898. A B D
Haynes, Prof. Arthur E., College of Engineering, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (45).
Haynes, Miss Caroline C. 16 East 36th St., New York, N. Y. (52).
♦Haynes, Prof. Henry W., 239 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (28).
1884. H
Haynes, Miss Julia Anna, 428 Hamilton Place, Ann Arbor, Mich.
(47). F «
Hays, B. Frank, Bensonhurst, N. Y. (49).
Hays, Charles I., care North Side High School, Denver, Colo. {50).
C 6
♦Hajrs, Willet M., Professor of Agriculture, University of Min-
nesota, St. Anthony Park, Minn. (45). 1901. 6 I
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Haywood, Prof. John, Otterbein University, Westerville, Ohio.
(30). A B
Hazard, Daniel L., U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington, D. C. (48).
Hazard, Hon. Rowland G., Peace Dale, R. I. (50).
♦Hazen, Tracy Elliott, Barnard College, Columbia University, New
York, N. Y. (50). 1902. Q
Head. William R., 5467 Jefferson Ave., Hyde Park, Chicago, 111.
(38). F
Headlee, T. J., Teacher of Science, Rensselaer City Schools,
Rensselaer, Ind. (52). F
*Heald, Fred. DeForest, Ph. D., Adjunct Professor of Plant Phy-
siology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (50). 1903. F
Heam, Rev. David William, President College of St. Francis
Xavier. 30 West i6th St., New York, N. Y. (52). I
Heath. Harry E., Chief Engineer, The Eddy Electric Mfg. Co..
Windsor, Conn. (50). D
Heaton, Augustus George, 1618 17th St., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(52).
Hebbard, EUery Cola, M. D., 122 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass.
(51). K
Hebden, Edwin, Principal of Group A, Public Schools, 730 Colo-
rado Ave., Baltimore, Md. (50). E
Heck, Charles McGee, 1507 R St., Lincoln, Neb. (51). B
*Hedgcock, George Grant, Mo. Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo.
(50)- 1903- *
Hedge, Frederic H., 440 Boylston St., Brookline, Mass. (28). F H
♦Hedrick, Henry B,, Nautical Almanac Office, U. S. Naval Observa-
tory, Washington, D. C. (40). 1896. A
Hefferan, Miss Mary, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (52). F
Heffrin, Harry, 212 W. 7th St., Chester, Pa. (52). D
Heilprin, Angelo, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa.
(52). E
Heisler, Chas. L., M. E., Mgr. and Engineer, Heisler Pumping
Engine Co., 909 W. 8th St., Erie, Pa. (51). D
Hektoen, Ludwig, Professor of Pathology, University of Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (52). K
Heller, Napoleon B., Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy,
Fort Worth University, Fort Worth, Texas. (50). A
Hellick, Chauncey Graham, Ph. D., Dept. Electrical Engineering,
Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. (50).
Hemmeter, John C, M. D., Prof, in Medical Department, Univ.
of Maryland, 1734 Linden Ave., Baltimore, Md. (51). K
Henderson, Joseph J., 689 loth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (51).
Henderson, Junius, Curator of the Museum, Univ. of Colorado,
Boulder, Colo. (50).
(99)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOW8.
* Henderson, William Edward, Ph. D., Ohio State University ^
Columbus, Ohio. (50). 1901. C
Hendricks, Henry H., 49 Cliff St., New York. N. Y. (30).
Henius, Max, Ph. D., 294 South Water St., Chicago, 111. (52). K
Hennen, Ray Vernon, C. E., L. B. 448, Morgantown, W. Va. (50). 1^
Henrich, Carl, Mining Engineer, 99 John St., New York, N. Y.
(50). A El
♦Henry, Alfred J., U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. (49).
1901. B
Henry, Charles C, M. D., 56 Clark St.. Brooklyn, N. Y. (43).
Hensel, Samuel Theodore, 80 z £. Colfax Ave., Denver, Colo. (50).
C6
Henzey, Sam'l Alexander, Pres. of Raleigh and Western Railway
Co., 52 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (51).
Herbert, Arthiu- P., Engineer and Supt. Colima Division, Com-
pania Constructora Nacional Mexicana, Colima, Colima, Mex.
(SI). 0
Hering, Daniel Webster, Professor of Physics, New York Uni-
versity, University Heights, New York, N. Y. (50). B D
♦Hering, Rudolph, 170 Broadway. New York, N. Y. (33). 1885.
DE I
Herr, Hiero B., Civil and Mining Engineer, Summit, N. J. (50). E
♦Henick, C. Judson. Denison University, Granville, Ohio. (49).
1901. F
Herrick, Francis Hobart, Professor Biology. Adelbert College,
Cleveland, Ohio. (52). F
Herrick, Glenn W., Professor of Biology, A. and M. College, Agri-
ctdtural College, Miss. (50). F
Hbrrman. Mrs. Esthbr. 59 West 56th St., New York, N. Y.
♦Herrmann, Richard, Sec'y Iowa Institute, of Science and Arts,
Dubuque, Iowa. (50). 1902. C E
Herron, John Brown, S. Linden Ave., E. E., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). I
Herron, William Harrison, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (52). D E I
♦Herter. Christian A., M. D., 819 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.
(50). 1902. K
♦Herty, Charles Holmes, Ph. D., Green Cove Springs, Fla. (42).
1895. C
♦Hervey, Rev. A. B., Bath, Me. (22). 1879. F
Herzog, Felix Benedict, Ph. D., President Herzog Teleseme Co.,
51 West 24th St., New York, N. Y. (50). D
Herzstein, M., M. D., 801 Sutter St., San Francisco, Cal. (52). K
Hess, Selmar, Publisher, 122-124 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y.
(53). •
Hesse, Conrad E., U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. (50).
A
COO)
MBMBBR8 AND PBLLOWS.
Heston, John W., President South Dakota Agricultural College,
Brookings, S. D. (50). I
Hewett, Edgar L., President New Mexico Normal University, East
Las Vegis, N. M. (50). H
Hewitt, Charles N., M. D., LL.D., Secretary State Board of Health,
Red Wing, Minn. (50). K
Hbxambr, C. John, C. E., 419 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (33).
BC
Heyer, Wm. D.. 523 South Broad St., Elizabeth, N. J. (33). B D
Hice, Richard R., Beaver, Pa. (51). E
Hichbom, C. S., Secretary State Survey Commission, Augusta, Me.
(50. I
Higdon, John Clark, 605 Union Trust Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. (50).
BDI
Higgins, Lafayette, C. E., Prof, of Chemistry, West D. M. High
School, Des Moines, Iowa. (51). C
Higginson, James J., z6 £. 41st St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Higley, Hon. Warren, 68 West 40th St., New York, N. Y. (43).
♦Hilgard, Prof. E. W., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Cal. (xi).
1874. B C E
Hill, Bruce V., Grinnell, Iowa. (48). B
Hill, Ebenezer, Treasurer, Norwalk Iron Works, South Norwalk,
Conn. (50). D
Hill, Edwin A., Assistant Examiner, U. S. Patent Office, Wash-
ington, D. C. (5 a). D
♦Hill, George A., U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C.
(47). 1900. A
♦Hill, John Edward, Prof, of Civil Engineering, Brown Univer-
sity, Providence, R. I. (44). 1897. D
♦Hill, Robert Thomas, U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C.
(36). Z889. E
♦HiUebrand, William P., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (51). Z903. E
HiUig, Frederick J., S. J., St. Johns College, Toledo, Ohio. (50).
HiUkowitz, Wm., M. D., 704 Race St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (50).
CF I K
♦Hillyer, Homer W., Ph. D., Chemical Laboratory, Univ. of Wis-
consin, Madison, Wis. (4a). 1896. C
Hillyer, William Eldridge, 1365 Whitney Ave., N.W., Washington,
D. a (52).
Hilton, William A., 435 Penn Ave., Waverly, N. Y. (49). F
♦Himes, Prof. Charles P., Carlisle, Pa. (29). i88a. B C
Himowich, AdolphA.,M. D., 130 Henry St., New York, N. Y. (51). K
Hindshaw, Henry Havelock, Assistant in Geology, State Museum,
Albany, N. Y. (52). E
(lOl)
MEMBERS AND PBLL0W8.
*Hine, James S., Ohio State Univ. » Columbus, Ohio. (48). 1903. F
*Hinrichs, Dr. Gustavus, 4106 Shenandoah Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
(17). 1874. B C
Hinton, John H., M. D., 41 W. sad St., New York, N. Y. (29). F H
Hirschberg, Michael H., Judge of Supreme Court, State of New
York, Newburgh, N. Y. (50). I
Hirschf elder, Jos. Oakland, M. D., Professor of CI. Med., Cooper
Medical College, 1392 Geary St., San Francisco, Cal. (51). K
*Hiss, P. Hanson, M. D., 437 West 59th St., New York, N. Y.
(49). 1903. K
♦Hitchcock, Albert Spear, Div. Agrostology, U. S. Dept. Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C. (39). 1892. G
Hitchcock, Miss Caroline Judson, Teacher in High School, Men den.
Conn. (50). B E
♦Hitchcock, Charlbs H., LL.D., Hanover, N. H. (11). 1874. E
Hitchcock, Embury A., 380 W. Eighth Ave., Columbus, Ohio. (48).
D
Hitchcock, Miss Fanny R. M., 4038 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(35). F
♦Hitchcock, Frank H., Chief Clerk, U. S. Dept. of Commerce
and Labcr, Washington, D. C. (49). 1901. I
Hitchcock, George Collier, 709 Wainwright Bldg., St. Louis, Mo.
(53). I
♦Hitchcock, Romyn, Room 1804, 20 Broad St., New York, N. Y.
(47). 1898. B C
Hitz, John, Supt. of Volta Bureau, 1601-3 Thirty-fifth St., Wash-
ington, D. C. (52).
♦Hoadley, George A., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. (40).
1900. B
Hoagland, Henry Williamson, M. D., 327 N. Nevada Ave., Colo-
rado Springs, Colo. (51). F K
Hobbs, Prof. Perry L., Western Reserve Medical College, Cleve-
land, Ohio. (41). C
♦Hobbs, William Herbert, Ph. D., Madison, Wis. (41). 1893. ^
Hobby, C. M., M. D., Iowa City, Iowa. (51). K
Hodge, Frederick Humbert, Instructor in Mathematics, Clark
University, Worcester, Mass. (50). A
Hodge, Frederick Webb, Smithsonian Institution, Washington ^
D. C. (52).
Hodge, James M., Big Stone Gap, Va. (29). D E
Hodges, Miss Julia, 217 W. 44th St., New York, N. Y. (36). E F H
Hodges, Thomas Edward, Professor of Physics, W. Va. State
University, Morgantown, W. Va. (50). B
♦Hodgkins, Prof. H. L., Columbian University, Washington, D. C.
(40). 1896. A B
(102;
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Hodgkins, William Candler, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washing-
ton. D. C. (52). D
Hob, Mrs. R., Jr.. ii E. 36th St.. New Vork, N. Y. (36).
Hoe, Mrs. Richard M., 11 E. 71st St., New York, N. Y. (36).
Hoffman, Christian B.. Enterprise, Kansas. (50). D H
Hoffman, Prank Sargent, Professor of Philosophy, Union Uni-
versity, Schenectady, N. Y. (52). H
♦HopPMANN, Dr. Fribdricm, Charlottenburg, Kant St. 125.
Berlin, Germany. (28). 1881. C F
Hoffman, Samuel V., Morristown, N. J. (52). A D
Hogan, Mrs. Louise £., Box 205, Washington, D. C. (52).
Hogeboom, Miss Ellen C, Shelby ville, Ky. (46). C
Holbrook, Henry R., Civil Engineer, Pueblo, Colo. (51). D
Holbrook, Percy, Genl. Mgr. Weber Ry. Joint Mfg. Co., 145 W.
69th St.. New York, N. Y. (51). D
Holden, Edwin R., 13 E. 79th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
HoLDEN, Mrs. L. E., The HoUenden, Cleveland, Ohio. (35).
Holferty, George M., Botany Building, University of Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (50). G
♦Holland, W. J., D. D., LL.D., Director Carnegie Museum, Pitts-
btirg. Pa. (37). 1896. F
♦HoUick, Arthur. N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York,
N. Y. (31). 1892. E 6
HoUinshead, Warren H., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.
(37).
Hollister, John James, Mining Engineer, Gaviota, Santa Barbara
Co.. Cal. (50). E
Holmes, A. M., M. D., Jackson Block, Denver, Colo. (50). F K
Holmes, Dr. Christian R., 8-10 East Eighth St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
(48).
Holmes, Frederic Harper, Instructor in Physics, Geography and
Mathematics, State Normal School, Hyannis, Mass. (50). ABE
♦Holmes, Prof. Joseph A., State Geologist, Chapel Hill, N. C. (33) .
X887. E F
Holmes, Miss Mary S., 1331 Twelfth St., Philadelphia, Pa. (50). E
♦Holmes, S. J., Ph. D., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
(51). 1903. F
♦Holmes, Wm. H.. U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. (30).
1883. H
Holstein, George Wolf, Wolfe City, Texas. (28). E H
Holt, Chas., 42 Broadway. New York, N. Y. (53).
Holt, Henry. 29 W. 23d St.. New York, N. Y. (29).
Holt, H. P. R., Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. (52).
Holt, Herbert S.. President, Montreal Light, Heat and Power Co.,
Montreal, Can. (51). D
(103)
MBMBBR8 AND FBLLOWS.
Holton, Henry D., M. D., Brattleboro, Vt. (44). I
Homans, Amy Morris, Director of the Boston Normal School of
Gymnastics, 97 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass. (52).
Homburg, Frederick, Teacher of Chemistry, Woodward High
School, Cincinnati, Ohio. (51). C
Homer, Charles S., Valentine & Co., 245 Broadway, New York,
N. Y. (29).
Hoobler, Bert Raymond, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (50). F €1
Hood, Ozni P., Professor of Mechanical and Electrical Engineerinf:,
School of Mines, Houghton, Mich. (5 a). D
Hood, William, 51a Van Ness Ave., San Francisco, Cal. (35). D
Hooker, Davenport, 341 Adelphi St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (52). F
Hooker, Donald R., Chemist, 1707 Fairmont Ave., Baltimore, Md.
(50). C K
Hooker, Prof. Henrietta E., Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley,
Mass. (45). 6
Hooker, John D., 325 West Adams St., Los Angeles, Cal. (51). k
Hooper, Prof. Franklin W., Curator Brooklyn Institute, Brooklyn,
N. Y (43).
Hoopes, H. E., Media, Pa. (52). H
Hoose, James H., Professor of Philosophy, Univ. of Southern
California, Los Angeles, Cal. (52). I
Hoover, Herbert C, care Bewick, Moreing & Co., Broad St.
House, New Broad St., London, England. (51). E
Hoover, Mrs. Lou Henry, care Bewick, Moreing & Co., Broad St.
House, New Broad St., London, England. (51). E
Hoover, William, Athens, Ohio. (49).
Hopeman, H., M. D., Minden, Neb. (51). K
Hopkins, Albert Lloyd, 2904 West Ave., Newport News, Va. (51).
Hopkins, Anderson Hoyt, Assistant Librarian of John Crerar
Library, Chicago, 111. (52).
^Hopkins, A. D., Ph. D., U. S. Department Agriculture, Washington,
D.C. (42)- 1899. F
^Hopkins, Prof. Arthur John, Amherst College, Amherst, Mass.
(44). 1900. C
Hopkins, George B., 52 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50).
^Hopkins, Grant S., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (41). 1900. F
♦Hopkins, Nevil Monroe^ Asst. Professor of Chemistry, Columbian
University, Washington, D. C. (48). 190 1. C D
♦Hopkins, Thomas Cramer, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y.
(38). 1898. E
Hormell, Prof. William G., Ohio Wesleyan Univ., Delaware, Ohio.
(48). B
Homung, Christian, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy,
Heidelberg University, Tiffin, Ohio. (50). A D
(104)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
^Horsford, Miss Cornelia, 37 Craigie St., Cambridge, Mass. (46).
1897. H
Hortvet, Jtdius, State Chemist, 313 i6th Ave., S.E., Minneapolis,
Minn. (50). C
*Ho8kins, William, La Grange, 111. (34). 1903. C
Hosmer, Sidney, £. B., Boston Electric Light Co., 3 Head Place,
Boston, Mass. (50). D
Hotchldss, Elmer Aro, President Champaign County Board of
School Examiners, Mechanicsburg, Ohio. (53). B
Hotchldss, Henry Stuart, 55 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, Conn.
(SO). E I
♦Hough, Prof. G. W., Northwestern University, Evanston, 111.
(15). 1874. A B D
♦Hough, Theodore, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Biology, Mass.
Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. (51). 1903- K
♦Hough, Walter, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. (38).
1890.
Houghton, E. Mark, 350 Penn Ave., Detroit, Mich. (53). K
Houghton, Frederick, Public School, No. 7, Buffalo, N. Y. (51). H
Houk, Mrs. Eliza P. T., P. O. Box 94, Dayton, Ohio. (48).
Houser, Gilbert L., Ph. D., Professor Animal Morphology,
University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. (50). F K
Houston, David Walker, M.D., 18 Second St., Troy, N. Y. (51). K
♦Hovey, Edmund O., Amer. Mus. Nat. History, Central Park,
New York, N. Y. (36). 1895. C E
♦Hovey, Rev. Horace C, 60 High St., Newburyport, Mass. (29).
1883. E H
Howard, Charles P., zi6 Farmington Ave., Hartford, Conn. (51).
♦Howard, Curtis C, 97 Jefferson Ave., Columbus, Ohio. (38). 189a.
C
♦Howard, Leland O., Ph. D., Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C.
(37). 1889. F
Howard, Mrs. Leland O., 3036 Hillyer Place, (I.W., Washington,
D. C. (49). H
Howard, Orson, M. D., Professor of Biology, University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, Utah. (50). F K
♦Howard, S. Francis, Asst. Professor of Chemistry, Mass. Agri-
ctdtural College, Amherst, Mass. (50). 1901. C
Howard, Wm. Lee, M. D., 11 26 N. Calvert St., Baltimore, Md.
(sO- K
♦Howe, Charles S., Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland,
Ohio. (34). 1 89 1. A
Howe, Ernest, Ph. D., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington. D.C.
(5^). E
Howe, Preeland, Jr., Norway, Maine. (53). F 6
(loS)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
♦Howe, Henry M., Professor of Metallurgy, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. D
♦Howe, Herbert Alonzo, Director of the Chamberlin Observatory,
University of Denver, University Park, Colo. (50). 1901. A
♦Howe, Prof. Jas. Lewis, Washington and Lee University, Lrex-
ington, Va. (36). 1888. C
Howe, J. Morgan, M. D., 12 West 46th St., New York, N. Y. (50),
♦Howe, Marshall A., New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park,
New York, N. Y. (49). 1903. G
♦Howell, Edwin E., 612 17th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (25)-
1891. E
Howell, John W., Ballantine Parkway, Newark, N. J. (50).
♦Howell, William H., M. D., Professor of Physiology, Johns Hop-
kins University, Baltimore, Md. (50). 1901. F K
Howell, Wilson Stout, Sec'y Association of Edison Illuminating
Companies, 80th St. and East End Ave., New York, N. Y.
(50). D
Hower, Harry Sloan, Instructor in Physics, Case School of Applied
Science, Cleveland, Ohio. (50). B
Howerth, Ira Woods, Instructor in Sociology, University of
Chicago, Chicago, 111. (50). I
Howland, Howard Newell, 5451 Drexel Ave., Chicago, 111. (50). F
Hoyt, Adrian Hazen, M. D., Manager Whitney Electric Co.,
Penacook, N. H. (52). D
Hoyt, Olive Sawyer, Kobe College, Kobe, Japan. (52). C
♦Hrdlicka, Al<5s, M. D., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. •
(46). 1897. H
Hubbard, Walter C, Coffee Exchange Bldg., New York, N. Y.
(49)-
♦Huber, G. Carl, M. D., Junior Professor of Anatomy and Director
of Histological Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Mich. (50). 1901. F K
Hubley, G. Wilbur, Electric Light Co., Louisville, Ky. (52). D
Huddleston, John H., M. D., 126 West 85 th St., New York, N. Y.
(51). K
♦Hudson, George H., Vice Principal, Dept. Natural Science, State
Normal and Training School, Plattsburgh, N. Y. (31). 1901. F
Hughes, Charles Hamilton, M. D., President, Barnes Medical Col-
lege, 3857 Olive St., St. Louis, Mo. (53). K
Hulbert, C. E., Secretary, Department of Anthropology, La. Ptir-
chase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo. (53). H
♦Htdl, Gordon Ferrie, Professor of Physics, Dartmouth College,
Hanover, N. H. (50). 1903. B
Hume, Alfred, C. E., University, Miss. (39). A
Hume, Frank, 454 Penna. Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52).
(106)
MBMBBR8 AND FBLLOW8.
Hummel, John A., Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park, Minn.
(48).
♦Humphrey, Richard L., Testing Laboratory, City Hall, Philadel-
phia, Pa. (48). 1902. D
Humphreys, Alex. C, M. E., C. E., 31 Nassau St., New York,
N. y. (49).
Humphreys, David Carlisle, C. E., Professor of Civil Engineering,
Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. (53). D
Hungerford, W. S., care of W. Ames & Co., Jersey City, N. J.
(43). D
Hunsicker, George W., 141 N. 8th St., Allentown, Pa. (50). C
Hunt, Chas. Wallace. Stapleton, N. Y. (51).
Hunt, Mrs. Mary Hanchett, 23 Tnill St., Boston, Mass. (52).
♦Hunter, Andrew Frederick, Barrie, Ontario, Can. (38). 1896.
B H I
Hunter, Chas. H., M. D., 13 Syndicate Block, Minneapolis, Minn.
(SI). K
Hunter, George William, Jr., 2297 Loring Place, University Heights,
NewYork, N. Y. (52). F
♦Hunter, Prof. Joseph Rufus, Richmond College, Richmond, Va.
(45). 1899. C
♦Hunter, Samuel John, Associate Professor of Entomology, Uni-
versity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. (50). 1902. F
Hunter, Walter David, Special Agent, U. S. Department Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C. (50). F
Htintington, Ellsworth, Highland St., Milton, Mass. (51).
Huntington, Prof. G. S., Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
(52).
Hurd, E. O., Plainville, Ohio. (30). E F
Hurst, JidiusH., M. D., 269 Camber St., New Haven, Conn. (52). K
^Huston, Henry A., 134 Laclede Building, St. Louis, Mo. (53). C
Hutcheson, David, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. (52).
H I
Hutchinson, Susan A., Librarian of the Museum of Brooklyn In-
stitute of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn,
N. Y. (52). I
Huxley, Henry Minor, Revere Rubber Co., Chelsea, Mass. (48).
Hyams, Miss Isabel F., 26 Wales St., Dorchester, Mass. (47). C
Hyde. B. T. Babbitt. 20 W. 53d St. New York, N. Y. (43). D
Hyde, Charles Gilman, Board of Public Works, Harrisburg, Pa.
(47). D
Hyde, Clement C. 41 Willard St., Hartford. Conn. (52). B C
Hyde, Miss Edith E., U. S. Nat'l Museum, Washington, D. C. (50).
H I
Hyde, E. Francis, Hotel Netherland, New York, N. Y. (43). A
(lOT)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Hyde, Miss Elizabeth Mead, aio E. i8th St., New York, N. Y.
(49). H
♦Hyde, E. W., Station D, Cincinnati, Ohio. (25). 1881. A
Hyde, Frederick E., M. D., ao W. S3d St.. New York. N. Y. (45).
E
Hyde, Frederick E., Jr.. 20 W. s$d St.. New York. N. Y. (43). H
Hyde. Henry St. J.. 210 E. 1 8th St.. New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Hyde. John. Statistician U. S. Dept. Agriculture. Washington,
D. C. (47). 1898. E I
♦Iddings. Joseph P.. Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (31). 1884. E
Iden. Thomas M., Professor of Chemistry and Physics. State
Normal School, Emporia, Kansas. (50). B C F
♦Ilbs, George, 5 Brunswick St., Montreal. Can. (31). 1898. I
Ingham. Wm. A., 320 Walnut St.. Philadelphia. Pa. (33). E
Ingram. Edward Lovering. C. E.. Expert Aid, New York Navy
Yard, New York. N. Y. (51). A B C 0
loms. Martin J., Mount Vernon. la. (50). C B
♦Irving. John D., Dept. of Geology, Lehigh University, South
Bethlehem. Pa. (51). 1903. E
♦Ives. Frederick E.. 552 West 25th St.. New York, N. Y. (44).
1898. B
♦Jack. John G.. Jamaica Plain, Mass. (31). 1890. 6
Jack. Louis. 1533 Locust St., Philadelphia. Pa. (52). K
♦Jackson. Prof. Charles L.. Harvard University. Cambridge. Mass.
(44). 1895- C
Jackson, John H., M. D., 155 Franklin St., Fall River. Mass. (51). K
♦Jackson. Dr. Robert T.. 9 Fayerweather St.. Cambridge. Mass.
(37). 1890. F
Jackson. Victor H., M. D.. D. D. S.. 240 Lenox Ave.. New York.
N. Y. (si). K
Jacobs. Henry Barton. M. D.. Instructor in Medicine, Johns Hop-
kins Medical School. Baltimore, Md. (50). K
Jacobs, Michael William, 222 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa. (50). I
♦Jacobus, David S., Stevens Institute. Hoboken. N. J. (36). 1889.
ABO
♦Jacoby. Harold, Columbia University. New York. N. Y. (38).
1891. A
♦Jacoby. Henry S., Prof, of Bridge Engineering and Graphics,
Cornell University, Ithaca. N. Y. (36). 1892. D
Jaffa. Myer Edward, Berkeley, Cal. (47).
James. Charles C, Dept. Agriculture. Toronto. Can. (46). I
James. Mrs. Sarah S., 1517 O St.. N.W.. Washington. D. C. (49)*
H I
♦James. William, Professor of Philosophy, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Mass. (52). 1903. I
(108)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
*Jaques, Capt. William H., 483 Beacon St., Boston, Ma^. (47)-
1899. D
Jarman, Joseph L., President and Prof, of Chemistry, State
Female Normal School, Farmville, Va. (51). C
Jarvis, Samuel M., i West yad St., New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Jastrow, Dr. Joseph, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (35). 1887.
F H
♦Jayne, Horace, 318 S. 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (29). 1884. F H
Jefferis, Wm. W., 44a Central Park, West, New York, N. Y. (33). E
Jefferson, J. P., Manufacturer, Warren, Pa. (51). D I
Jefferson, Mark S. W., Professor of Geology, State Normal Col-
lege, Ypsilanti, Mich. (53). E
Jeffrey, Edward Charles, Ph. D., 21 FoUen St., Cambridge, Mass.
(52). «
♦Jeffries, B. Joy, M. D.. 15 Chestnut St., Boston, Mass. (29). 1881.
FH]
Jelly, George Frederick, M. D., 69 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.
(so). F K
♦Jcnldns. Edw. H., Agricultural Station.^New Haven, Conn. (33).
1885. C
Jenkins, J. F., M. D., 48 Chicago St., Tecumseh, Mich. (51). K
Jenkins, Oliver Peebles, Professor of Physiology, Stanford Uni-
versity, Cal. (52). F K
♦Jenks. Albert E., Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, Manila, P. I.
(50). 1902. H
♦Jenks, Elisha T., Middleboro, Mass. (22). 1874. D
Jenks, Wm. H., Brookville, Pa. (38).
Jenks, William Johnson, Electrical Engineer, 120 Broadway^
New York, N. Y. (50). B D
♦Jenney. Walter Proctor, E. M., Ph. D., Constdting Geologist and
Mining Engineer, Knutsford Hotel, Salt Lake City, Utah. (50).
i0O3« E
Jennings, Gainor, M. D., West Milton, Ohio. (51). K
♦Jennings, Walter L., Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester,
Mass. (45). 1898.
Jepson, Wm., M. D., Sioux City, la. (51). K
♦Jesup. Morris K., 44 Pine St., New York, N. Y. (29). 1891. I
Jewell, Lewis E., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. (49).
♦Jewett, Prof. Frank Fanning, OberlinJCoUege, Oberlin, Ohio. (47).
1899. C
Jewett, Geo. Franklin, M. D., Britton, S. Dak. (51). K
Jewett, William Cornell, C. E., 541 Ridgeway Ave., Avondale,
Cincinnati, Ohio. (52). D
Johns, Carl, Professor of Natural History, Bethany College,
Lindsborg, Kans. (50). F
(109)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Johnson, Albert Lincoln, C. E., 606 Century Bldg., St. Louis,
Mo. (si). D
Johnson, Charles W., Ph. D., Box 114, University Station, Seattle,
Wash. (52). C
Johnson, Chas. Willison, Boston Society of Natural History,
Boston, Mass. (51).
Johnson, Frank Edgar, 747 Warburton Ave., Yonkers, N. Y.
(so).
Johnson, Frank Seward, M. D., 2521 Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111.
(SI). K
Johnson, Miss Isabel Louise, 467 Mass. Ave., Station A, Boston,
Mass. (47)- E
Johnson, John Benjamin, 708 East Colorado St., Pasadena,
California. (51). F
Johnson, Nels, Manistee, Mich. (41). A B
♦Johnson, Otis C, 730 Thayer St., Ann Arbor, Mich. (34). 1886. C
Johnson, Thomas Carskadon, Asst. Horticulturist, West Virginia
Agr. Exp. Sta., Morgantown, West Virginia. (51). 6
♦Johnson, Willis Grant, 52 Lafayette Place, New York, N. Y. (47).
1901. F
Johnson, W. Smythe, Ph. D., Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark.
(49). H
Johnston, Arthur Weir, M. D., Madison Road, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(5»)- K
Johnston, Geo. Ben., M. D., 407 E. Grace St., Richmond, Va. (51). K
♦Johnston, John Black, Professor of Zoology, Univ. of West Va.,
Morgantown, W. Va. (52). 1903. F
Johnston, Thomas J., 66 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50). ABO
Johnston, William A., Prince Bay, Borough of Richmond, N. Y.
(so). C
Johnstone, Wm. Bard, 22 West 25th St., New York, N. Y. (50). B
♦Johonnott, Edwin Sheldon, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Physics,
Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute, Ind. (50). 1903. B
Jones, Adam Leroy, Ph. D., Tutor in Philosophy, Columbia Uni-
versity, New York, N. Y. (52). HI
Jones, Arthur Taber, Instructor in Physics, Purdue University, La
Fayette, Ind. (53). B
Jones, Charles C, M. D., Galveston, Texas. (50). K
Jones, Clement Ross, Professor Mechanical Engineering, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, W. Va. (50). D
Jones, Ernest S., Instructor in Biology, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, Va. (52). F
♦Jones, Frederick S., Professor of Physics, University of Minne-
sota, Minneapolis, Minn. (45). 1901. B
Jones, Grinnell, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. (52). C
(ito)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Jones, Lewis Ralph, Professor of Botany, University of Vermont,
Burlington, Vt. (41). 1894. 6
Jones, Lynds, M. Sc, Instructor in Zoology, Oberlin College.
Oberlin, Ohio. (50). F
♦Jones, Prof. Marcus E., Salt Lake City, Utah. (40). 1893. 6
Jones, Philip Mills, M. D., 1710A Stockton St., San Francisco,
Cal. (50).
♦Jordan, Prof. David Starr, President of Stanford University,
Stanford University, Cal. {31). 1883. F
♦Jordan, Edwin Oakes, Ph. D., University of Chicago, Chicago,
111. (50). 1901. K
♦Jordan, Whitman H., Director N. Y. Agric. Exper. Station,
Geneva, N. Y. (45). 1902. I
Juat, Francis, M. D., Aberdeen, N. C. (50). F K
♦Judd, Dr. Charles H., Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (49).
1 90 1. H I
♦Julien, Alexis A., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (24).
1875. C E
Jiingblut, Herman C, M. D., Tripoli, Iowa. (52). K
Just, Jno. A., Chemist, Jefferson Ave. and Delano St., Pulaski, N. Y.
(50). C
Kahl, Paul Hugo Isidor, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). F
♦Kahlenberg, Louis, Ph. D., Professor of Physical Chemistry,
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (46). 1898. C
Kahn, Julius, 100 West 80th St., New York, N. Y. (50). C
Kammerer, Jacob Andrae, 87 Jameson Ave., Toronto, Canada.
(50). C D
Kann, Myer M., Station B, Pittsburg, Pa. (51).
♦Kasner, Edward, Ph. D., Tutor in Mathematics, Barnard College,
Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (52). 1903. A
Kauffman, William Albert, 73 Hooker Ave., Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
I Kay, James I., 426 Diamond St., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D I
Kay, Thomas Wiles, M. D., 345 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pa.
(51). K
Kean, Mrs. Hamilton Fish, 25 East 37th St., New York, N. Y.
(50).
Keane, John J., Rt. Rev. , Archbishop of Dubuque, Dubuque, la.
(51).
♦Kearney, Thomas H., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(47). 1902. 6
♦Keasbey, Lindley Miller, Professor of Economics and Politics,
Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa. (51). 1903. H I
Keene, Geo. Fredk., M. D., Supt. State Hospital for the Insane,
Howard, R. I. (51). K
(111)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
♦Keep, Wm. J., Detroit, Mich. (37). 1897.
Keilholtz, Pierre Otis, Consulting Engineer, Continental Trust
Building, Baltimore, Md. (50). D
Keim, Edward Tudor, E. E., Supt. Am. Dist. Tel. Co., 142 1
Champa St., Denver, Colo. (50). 0 E F
Keith, Prof. Marcia A., Braintree, Mass. (46). B
♦Keller, Edward, Ph. D., Box 724, Baltimore, Md. (50). 1903.
C D
Keller, Emil E., P. O. Box 452, Pittsburg. Pa. (51).
♦Kellerman, William A., Ph. D., Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio. (41). 1893. Q
Kelley, Walter S., Mining Engineer, 1393 Golden Gate Ave., San
Francisco, Cal. (50). D
Kellogg. John H., M. D.. Battle Creek. Mich. (24). F
♦Kellogg. Vernon Lyman, Professor of Entomology, Stanford
University, California. (50). 190 1. F
Kelly, John F., Ph. D., Constdting Electrical Engineer, 384
W. Housatonic St., Pittsfield, Mass. (50). D
Kelly, William, Mining Engineer, General Manager Penn. Iron
Mining Co., Vulcan, Mich. (50). D E
Kelsey, Harlan Page, 11 50 Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.
(47). 6
Kelsey, James A., Agric. Exper. Station, New Brunswick, N. J.
(49)-
Kemp, George T., Professor of Physiology, University of Illinois,
Champaign, 111. (53). K
♦Kemp, James F., School of Mines. Columbia University, New
York. N. Y. (36). 1888. E
Kendall, Arthur I., 106 Jackson Place, Baltimore, Md. (52).
Kendall, Hugh F., Mining Engineer, Gust Carlson Exploration
Co., Hibbing, Minn. (50). E
Kendall, William Converse, Bureau of Fisheries, U. S. Department
of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (5 a).
♦Kendrick, Arthur, Electrical Measuring Instruments, 45 Hunne-
well Ave. Newton, Mass. (45). 1897. B
Kennedy, Frank Lowell, Instructor in Lawrence Scientific School,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (50).
Kennedy, George Golding, M. D., Readville. Mass. (40). F Q
Kbnnbdy, Harris, 284 Warren St., Roxbury, Mass. (40). E F
Kennedy, Orran W., General Superintendent, Frick Coke Co.,
Uniontown, Pa. (51). E
♦Kennelly, Arthur Edwin, Sc. D., Professor Electrical Engineering,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (50). 1901. D
Kent, James Martin, Instructor in Steam and Electricity, Manual
Training High School, Kansas City, Mo. (50). D E
(112)
MBMBBR8 AND VBLLOWS.
Kent, Norton Adams, Ph. D., Professor Physics, Wabash Cbllege,
Crawfordsville, Ind. (50). A
♦Kent, William, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Syracuse
University, Syracuse, N. Y. (26). 188 1. D I
Kenyon, Oscar Curtis, Teacher of Physics, High School, Syra-
cuse, N. Y. (50). B
Kepner, Harry V., Instructor in Chemistry, Manual Training
High School, Denver, Colo. (50). C
Keppel, F. P., Secretary of Columbia University, West 11 6th
St., New York, N. Y. (51).
Keppler, Rudolph, a8 W. 70th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Kern, John H., M. D., 1317 Madison St., St. Louis, Mo. (53).
K
Kern, Josiah Quincy, Ph. D., 1825 F St., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (40). I
Kern, Walter McCullough, Supt. Public Schools, Columbus, Neb.
(so). F €
Kerr, Abram Tucker, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y. (52). K
Kerr, William Jasper, D. Sc, President of Agricultural College of
Utah, Logan, Utah. (52). A
♦Kershner, Prof. Jefferson £., Lancaster, Pa. (29). 1883. A B
Kesler, John Louis, Department of Biology, Baylor University,
Waco, Texas. (51). F
Kester, Fred. Edward, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
(48). B
Ketchum, Alexander P., 32 Mt. Morris Park, W., New York,
N. Y. (49).
*Keyser, Cassius Jackson, Ph. D., Prof, of Mathematics, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. A
Kilgore, Benjamin Wesley, Director, N. C. Agric. Exper. Station,
Raleigh, N.C. (52). G
Kimball, Albert B., M. E., Central High School, Springfield,
Mass. (47). B
* Kimball, Arthur Lalanne, Professor of Physics, Amherst Col-
lege, Amherst. Mass. (50). 190 1. B
Kimball, Edwin Boyce, Mining Engineer, Oroville, Cal. (50). D
Kimball, James H., Observer U. S. Weather Bureau, Richmond,
Va. (si). AB
Kimball, S. I., Life Saving Service, U. S. Treasury Dept., Wash-
ington, D. C. (49). I
Kindle, Dr. Edward M., Geologist, 109 Elm St., New Haven, Conn.
(50). E
*Kinealy, John H., 1x08 Pemberton Bldg., Boston, Mass. (36).
X891. D ^.
(113)
MBMBBR8 AND FELLOWS.
♦King, A. F. A., M. D., 13 15 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(29). 1900. F H
*King, Cyrus A., Ph. D., Gresham Court, 10 1 West 140th St., New
York, N. Y. (50). 1903. 6
♦King, F. H., 202 nth St., S.W., Washington, D. C. (32). 1892. E F
Kling, George B., Lawrence, Mass. (47).
King, Theo. Ingalls, U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C.
(52). A
♦Kingsbury, Albert, Professor of Applied Mechanics, Worcester
Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass. (43). 1898. D
♦Kingsbury, Benj. F., Stimson Hall, Cornell University, Ithacaf
N. Y. (45). 1899. F
♦Kingsley, J. Sterling, Tufts College, Mass. (52). 1903. F
Kinner, Hugo, M. D., 1103 Rutger St., St. Louis, Mo. (21). F H
Kinney, Charles Noyes, Professor of Chemistry, Drake Uni-
versity, Des Moines, Iowa. (50). C
Kinney, Julius Eugene, M. D., 1427 Stout St., Denver, Colo.
(51). K
♦Kinnicutt, Dr. Leonard P., 77 Elm St., Worcester, Mass. (28).
1883. C
Kinraid, Thomas Burton, 38 Spring Park Avenue, Jamaica Plain,
Mass. (47).
Kinsler, John H., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (52).
6
♦Kinsley, Carl, Quadrangle Club, Chicago, 111. (47). 1903. B
♦Kinyoun, J. J.,- M. D., Glenolden, Pa. (51). 1903. K
Kirk, Arthur, 910 Duquesne Way, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). El
Kirk, Elliott W., Wesley Hall, Nashvijle, Tenn. (50), F 6
Kirk, Hyland C, 211 6th St., N.E., Washington, D. C. (52). I
Kirkpatrick, E. A., State Normal School, Pitchburg, Mass. (49).
H I
Kirkpatrick, Samuel, M. D., Selma, Ala. (51). K
Kirkwood, Joseph E., Instructor in Botany, Syracuse Uni-
versity, Syracuse, N. Y. (51). Q
♦Kirschmann, A., Ph. D., Toronto University, Toronto, Can.
(50). 1901. H K
Kittredge, Miss H. A., 56 Prospect St., North Andover, Mass. (37).
F
Klebs, Arnold C, M. D., 706, 100 State St., Chicago, 111. (51). K
Klepetko, Frank, Constdting Engineer, 307 Battery Park Bldg.,
New York, N. Y. (50). D
Kletzsch, Gustav A., M. D., 453 Cass St., Milwaukee, Wis. (51).
K
Klie, G. H. Chas., M. D., 5100 N. Broadway, St. Louis, Mo. (39).
CF
(114)
MBMBBR8 AND FBLL0W8.
Klingensmith, Israel P., M. D., Blairsville, Pa. (51). K
^Klotz, Otto Julius, 437 Albert St., Ottawa, Can. (38). 1889.
Knab, Frederick, Entomological Artist, Urbana, 111. (53). F
Knapp, Alfred A., M. D., Brimfleld, Peoria Co., 111. (51). K
Knapp, G. N., Lock Box 455, Trenton, N.J. (46). Q H
♦Knapp, Hon. Martin A., Chairman of the Interstate Commerce
Commission, Washington, D. C. (52). 1903. I
Knauff, Francis Henry, Oak Lane, Philadelphia, Pa. (51). D
Knerr, Ellsworth B., Sc. D., Midland College, Atchison, Kas. (51).
♦Knight, Prof. Charles M., 129 Union St., Akron, Ohio. (29).
1903. B C
Knight, Wm. H., President So. California Academy of Sciences,
2 Bryson Block, Los Angeles, Cal. (51). A
*Knipp, Charles Tobias, 506 W. Illinois St., Urbana, 111. (46).
1900. B
Knower, Henry McElderry, Ph. D., Johns Hopkins Medical
School, Baltimore, Md. (52). F
Knowles, Morris, Resident Engineer, Bureau of Filtration, 10 17
Frick Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D
Knox, Francis H., Electrical Engineer, Spartanburg, S. C. (50). D
Knox, Geo. Piatt, Teacher of Chemistry, High School, 5178A
Morgan St., St. Louis, Mo. (53). C
Knox, Henry H.. Mining Engineer, no East 23d St., New York,
N. Y. (50). D
Knox» Wilm, Society for Savings Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
(38).
*Kober, Geo. Martin, M. D., 1600 T St., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(40). 1896. H
Koenig, Adolph, M. D., Editor "Penna. Medical Journal," 122
Ninth St., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). F 6 K
*Kofoid, Prof. Charles Atwood, University of California, Berkeley,
Cal. (48). 1899. F
Kolbenheyer, Fred*k, M. D., 2006 Lafayette Ave., St. Louis.
Mo. (51). K
Koues, Miss Elizabeth L., 282 W. 85th St., New York, N. V.
(41). I
^Krabmbr, Prof. Hbnry, 145 N. loth St., Philadelphia, i*a.
(47). 1901. 6
Kraus, Edward H., Syracuse High School, Syracuse, N. Y. (50). E
Krause, Otto H., Prospect Ave., Hackensack, N. J. (50).
Kr6csy, Prof. B61a, vi Btdyovsxkyu. 22, Budapest, Hungary. (41).
C
♦Kremers, Prof. Edward, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
(47). 1901. C
Kress, Palmer J., M. D., 636 Hamilton St., Allentown, Pa. (51). K
(115)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Kretz, Prof. Charles Henry, Asst. Professor Mechanical £n-
gineering, La. State University and A. and M. College, Baton
Rouge, La. (50). D
♦Kroeber, A. L., Ph. D., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Cal. (47)-
1901. H
Kuhne, F. W., 19 Court St., Port Wayne, Ind. (38). A F
Kummer, Frederic Arnold, Civil Engineer, President, United
States Wood Preserving Co., 29 Broadway, New York, N. V.
(51^. 0
Kunhardt, Wheaton B., 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (49).
Kuntze, Dr. Otto, Villa Girola, San Remo, Italy. (49).
*Kunz, G. P., care of Messrs. Tiffany & Co., Union Square, New-
York, N. Y. (39). 1883. C E H
Kunz, George H., Mohegan, N. Y. (52).
*Lachnian, Arthur, Ph. D., 1909 Eddy St., San Francisco, Cal.
(50). X90Z. C D
♦Ladd, Prof. E. F., Agricultural College, Fargo, No. Dakota.
(36). 1889. C
Ladd, George Tallman, care Bass Foundry and Machine Co.,
Fort Wayne, Ind. (51).
La Fetra, Linnaeus Edford, M. D., 58 West 58th St., New York,
N. Y. (50). F H K
*Laflamme, Prof. J. C. K., Laval University, Quebec, Can. (29).
1887. B E
♦La Flesche, Francis, 214 First St., S.E., Washington, D. C. (33).
Z885. H
♦Lamb, Daniel S., M. D., 800 loth St., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(40). 1894. H
♦Lambert, Preston A., 215 S. Center St., Bethlehem, Pa. (41).
1896. A
Lampard, Henry, 102 ShuterSt., Montreal, Can. (40). C D E
Lanahan, Henry, Professor Physics and Civil Engineering, Mary-
land Agricultural College, College Park, Md. (52). B D
Lancaster, Walter B., M. D., loi Newbury St., Boston, Mass.
(si). K
♦Land, William Jesse Goad, Dept. Botany, Univ. of Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (52). 1903. 6
Landacre, Francis L., Associate Professor of Zoology and Entomo-
logy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. (53). F
♦Landes, Henry, State Geologist, Seattle, Wash. (51). 1903. E
Landis, Edward Horace, Instructor in Physics and Chemistry, Cen-
tral High School, Philadelphia, Pa. (52). ABC
Landis, W. W., Dickinson College. Carlisle, Pa. (50).
Landon, Francis G., Staatsburg-on- Hudson, N. Y. (50).
♦Landreth, OlinH., Union College, Schenectady, N.Y. (28). 1883. D
(1 16)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
^Lanb, Alfred C, State Geologist, Lansing, Mich. (50). 1902. E
Lane, Horace Manley, M. D., Caixa 14 S. Paulo, Brazil, South
America. (46).
Lang, Prof. Henry R., Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (41). H
Lange, J. D., a 20 W. 79th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Lange, Philip A., Supt. Westinghouse Blec. and Mfg. Co., Pitts-
burg, Pa. (50). D
^Langenbeck, Karl, Elizabeth, N. J. (39). 1896. C
^Langley, Prof. S. P., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
(18). 1874. A B
Langmann, Gustav, M. D., lai W. 57th St., New York, N. Y. (36).
^Langsdorf, Alexander Suss, Assistant Professor of Blectrical En-
gineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. (50). 1903.
BD
Lanphear, Burton S., Asst. Professor of Electrical Engineering,
Iowa State College, Ames, la. (51). 0
Lansing, John Ernest, Instructor in Natural Sciences* Phillips
Academy, Andover, Mass. (52). B C E
^ Lanza, Prof. Gaetano, Mass. Institute Technology, Boston, Mass.
(29). X8S2. A B D
Laramy, Robert Edward, Teacher in Moravian School, 27 North
New St., Bethlehem, Pa. (51). E
Lare, H. S. P., M. D., 3452 Park Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (49).
^Larkin, Edgar L., Director of Lowe Observatory, Echo Moun-
tain, Cal. (51). 1903. A
La Rue, Wm. Gordon, North Freedom, Wis. (50). D E
Latham, Vida A., M. D., 808 Morse Ave., Rogers Park, Chicago,
111. (53) . C F K
Lathbury, B. Brentnall, C. E., Constdting Chemist, 16 19 Filbert
St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). D.
Latimer, Thos. S., M. D., 2x1 W. Monument St., Baltimore, Md.
(50). F H K
^Lattimore, Prof. S. A., University of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y.
(15). 1874. C
Lauder, George, 7403 Penn Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. (50).
^Laudy, Lotus H., Ph. D., School of Mines, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y. (28). 1890. C
Lauman, George Nieman, Instructor in Horticulture. Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y. (50). 8
Law, Benedict W., 693 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. (45). E
Lawbaugh, Elmer Arthur, Oregonian Building, Portland, Oregon.
(SO. K
Lawrance, J. P. S., Past Assistant Engineer U. S. N., Navy
Dcpt., Washington, D. C. (35). D
Lawrence, A. E., 53 Devonshire St.. Boston, Mass. (49)-
(117)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Lawrence, Plorus P., M. D., Chief of Staff and Surgeon, Lawrence
Hospital for Women, 423 East Town St., Columbus, Ohio.
(S3)- K
Lawrence, Harry E., Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. (44)- B
Lawrence, James W., Professor of Mechanical Engineerings
Agricultural College, Port Collins, Colo. (50). D
Laws, Prank Arthur, Mass. Institute Technology, Boston, Mass.
(47).
Laws, Samuel Spahr, 1733 Q St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52). H
♦Lawson, Andrew C, Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, Uni-
versity of California, Berkeley, Cal. (50). 1901. E
Lay, Henry Champlin, Civil and Mining Engineer and Geologist,
U. S. Deputy Mineral Surveyor, Telluride, Colo. (5.1). D E
Lazell, Ellis W.. Ph. D., 16 19 Pilbert St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). c
♦Lazenby, W. R., Columbus, Ohio. (30). 1882. B I
♦Leach, Miss Mary P., 74 Pitcher St., Detroit, Mich. (44). 1896. C
♦Leaming, Edward, 437 West 59th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
190Z. C
Leathers, W. S., Piofessor of Biology, University of Mississippi*
University P. O., Miss. (50). F
Leavitt, Frank M., Mechanical Engineer, 258 Broadway, New
York. N. Y. (51). D
♦Le Baron, John Prancis, Civil and Mining Engineer,' 1329 Wil-
liamson Bldg., Cleveland, Ohio. (51). 1903. E
Le Boutillier, Roberts, E. Washington Avenue, Germantown,
Philadelphia, Pa. (47). Q
*Le Brun, Mrs. Michel M., 8 Motmtain Ave., S., Montclair, N. J.
(35). 1892. F
Le Conte, Louis Julian, Civil Engineer, P. O. Box 482, Oakland,
Cal. (51). D
Le Conte, Robert Grier, M. D., 1625 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). K
♦Ledoux, Albert R., Ph. D., 99 John St., New York, N. Y.'(26).
' 1881. C
Lee, Benjamin, M. D., Secretary State Board of Health, 1420
Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). K
Lee, Edwin, Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Mt. UnionJCol-
lege, Alliance, Ohio. (53). B 0 F
Lee, Prancis Valentine T., Electrical Engineer, 69-75 New Mont-
gomery St., San Francisco, Cal. (50). D
♦Lee, Frederic S., Adjunct Professor of Physiology, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (49). 1901. K'
Lee, Leslie A., Professor of Biology, Bowdoin College, Bruns-
wick, Me. (52). F
(118)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Lee, Waldemar, 4620 Wayne St., Philadelphia, Pa. (50).
Lee, William George, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
(SO). H K
*Lee, Willis Thomas, U. S. Geological Siirvey, Washington, D. C.
(47)- 1902. E F
Leeds, Morris E., 3221 North 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (50). D
♦Lefavour, Prof. Henry, 3 BremmerSt., Boston, Mass. (42). 1894.
*Lehmann, G. W., Ph. D., City Hall Annex, Baltimore, Md. (30;.
1885. B C
Lehmann, Leslie P., 32 South St., Baltimore, Md. (52).
Leidy, Joseph, Jr., M. D., 13 19 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). K
Leisen, Theo. Alfred, Civil Engineer, Wilmington, Del. (51).
BC D «
Leiter, L. Z., Dupont Circle, Washington, D. C. (40).
Leith, Charles Kenneth, Professor ot Economic and Structural
Geology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (53). E
Lemley, C. McC, Asst. Engineer, B. & O. R.R. Co., 17 12 N.
Calvert St., Baltimore, Md. (51). D
Lemon, James S., Ph. D., 31 Park St., Gardner, Mass. (51). IK
Lemp, William J., cor. Cherokee St. and 2d Carondelet Avenue,
St. Louis, Mo. (27).
Lender, Mrs. Jtdia A., 2201 Lincoln Ave., Denver, Colo. (50). A B
^Lengfeld, Felix, Ph. D., Consulting and Manufacturing Chemist,
202 Stockton St., San Francisco, Cal. (51). 1903. C
♦Lenher, Victor, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Univ.
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (52). 1903. C
♦Lcnnon, William H., State Normal School, Brockport, N. Y. (31).
1894. C 8
Leonard, Chas. Lester, M. D., 112 S. 20th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). K
Leonard, John William, Editor of "Who's Who in America,"
Wheaton, 111. (50). I
Leonard, Percy Allan, Editor of "Ores and Metals," P. O. Box
364, Denver, Colo. (50). E
Letson, Miss Elizabeth J., 366 Mass. Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (47).
Levene, Dr. P. A., i Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. (53). K
♦Leverett, Prank, Ann Arbor, Mich. (37). 1891. E
Levine, Edmund J., The Fiberloid Co., 638 Broadway, New York,
N. Y. (49).
Lbwis, Clarbnce McKbnzib, care Wm. Salomon &Co., 25 Broad
St., New York, N. Y. (47). D
Lewis, E. Percival, Associate Professor of Physics, University of
California, Berkeley, Cal. (53). B
Lewis, George Smith, 746 State St., Springfield, Mass. (44). 8
rii9)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Lewis, Howard W., Banker, 1928 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). I
•Lewis, Joseph Volney, Professor of Geology, Clemson College,
S. C. (45). 1900. C E
Lewis, Wilfred, Pres. The Tabor Mfg. Co., 5901 Drexel Road,
Philadelphia, Pa. (51). D
^Libbey, Prof. William, Princeton, N. J. (29). 1887. E F
Lichthardt, G., Jr., 1800 M St., Sacramento, Cal. (50). C
Lichty, Daniel, M. D., Masonic Temple, Rockford, 111. (52). K
Lightfoot, Thos. Montgomery, Asst. Prof, of Physical Science,
Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa. (51). G
Lightner, Calvin R., M. D., 2313 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
(S3). K
^Lillie, Prank R., Professor of Zoology, University of Chicago^
Chicago, 111. (50). 190Z. F
^Lincoln, Patd Martyn, Electrical Engineer, Pittsburg, Pa. (50).
1903. D
♦Lindenkohl, Adolphus, U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington,
D. C. (40). 1898. E
Lindenkohl, Henry, U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington, D. C.
(47).
♦Lindenthal, Gustav, C. E., 45 Cedar St., New York, N. Y. (37).
1891. I
Linder, Oliver A., 35 Clark St., Chicago, 111. (49).
Lindgren, Waldemar, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(Sa). E
Lindley, Ernest H., Professor Psychology, University of Indiana,
Richmond, Ind. (52). K
Lindsay, Alexander M., Rochester, N. Y. (41).
Lindsey, Edward, Warren, Pa. (48). H I
Linford, James Henry, President of the Brigham Young College,
Logan, Utah. (52). F
*Ling, Charles Joseph, Instructor in Physics, Manual Training
High School, Denver, Colo. (50). 1901. A B
Ling, George Herbert, Ph. D., Tutor in Mathematics, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (52). A
Link, Theodore Carl, Carleton Bldg., St. Lotiis, Mo. (51). I
♦Linn, Alvin Frank, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry, Wittenberg
College, Springfield, Ohio. (50). 190 1. C
[ Linn, George A., M. D., P. O. Box 813, Monongahela, Pa. (51). K
Linton, Edwin, Biological Laboratory, Washington and Jeffer-
son College, Washington, Pa. (51). F
Linville, Henry R., 509 West 112th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Lion, L6on Elie, C. E., Assistant on U. S. Engineer Corps, zoio
Burgundy St., New Orleans, La. (51). D
(120)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Lischer, Benno Edward, 33x3 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
(S3). K
Litchfield, Lawrence, M. D., 5431 Fifth Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (51).
K
♦Littell, Frank B., U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D. C.
(49). 1903. A
Little, C. A., Analyst at Lorain Steel Works, Box 5x7, Elyria,
Ohio. (50). C
Little, Henry P., Superintendent of Union Schools, Momence,
lU. (so). B
♦Littlehales. G. W., U. S. Hydrographic Office, Washington, D. C.
(52). 1903- A B D E
Livertnore, Mrs. M. A. C, Prescott St., Longwood. Mass. (29). F
Livingston, Burton Edward, Ph. D., N.Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx
Park, New York, N. Y. (53). «
Lloyd, Andrew J., 308 Newbury St., Boston, Mass. (47). B H
♦Lloyd, Francis E., Teachers' College, Columbia University ,lNew
York, N. Y. (48). 1901. Q
♦Lloyd, John Uri, Court and Plum Sts., Cincinnati, Ohio. (38).
1S90. C F
Lloyd, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth, Teachers' College, Columbia Univer-
sity, New York, N. Y. (51). Q
Lloyd, Morton Githens, Ph. D., National Bureau of Standards,
Washington, D. C. (52). B
Lloyd, Thomas Mortimer, M. D., 125 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn,
N. Y. (51). K
Lobenstine, William C, 245 Central Park, W.. New York, N. Y.
(49)-
Lochhead,**, William, Professor of Biology, Ontario Agrictdtural
College, Guelph, Ontario, Can. (51). F
Lockwood, Cornelius Wygant, Teacher of Science, Newburgh
Academy, Newburgh, N. Y. (50). B E
Lockwood, Edwin Hoyt, Asst. Prof. Mechanical Engineering,
Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (50). D
Loeb, Leo, M. D., Pathological Lab., McGill Univ., Montreal,
Can. (51). K
♦Loeb, Morris, Ph. D., 273 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. (36).
1889. C
♦Loew, Dr. Oscar, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan. (49). 1900. 8
Loewy, Benno, 206 and 208 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (41).
Logan, F. G., 2919 Prairie Ave., Chicago, 111. (42). H
Logan, Walter S., 27 William St., New York, N. Y. (36).
Lomb, Adolph, P. O. Drawer 1033, Rochester, N. Y. (41).
Lomb, Henry, P. O. Drawer 1033, Rochester, N. Y. (41).
Lomb, Henry C, P. O. Drawer 1033, Rochester, N. Y. (43).
(121)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Long, Prof. John H., 2421 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111. (41). 1895. C
Long, William Henry, Jr., Denton, Texas. (50).
♦Longden, A. C, Ph. D., Professor of Physics, Knox College,
Galesburg, 111. (49). 190 1. B
Loomis, Frederick B., Ph. D., Assistant in Zoology, Amherst Col-
lege, Amherst, Mass. (50). F
♦LouBAT, LE Due DE, 47 rue Dumont d'Urville, Paris, France.
(46). 1897. H
♦Loud, Frank H., Colorado Springs, Colo. (29). 1890. A B
Louderback, George Davis, 1222 Geary St., San Francisco, Cal.
(50). E
♦Lough, J. E., New York University, Washington Square, New
York, N. Y. (50). 1901. I
♦Loughridge, Dr. R. H., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Cal. (21).
1874. C E
Lounsbury, Charles P., Government Entomologist, Dept. of Agri-
culture, Cape Town, South Africa. (52). F
♦Love, Edward G., 80 E. 55th St., New York-, N. Y. (24). 1882. C
Lovejoy, J. R., Genl. Elec. Co., Schenectady, N. Y. (50). D
LovBLAND, Horace Hall, M. D., Michigamme, Mich. (51). K
♦Lovett, Edgar Odell, Professor of Mathematics, Princeton
University. Princeton, N. J. (51). 1902. A
Lovett, Miss Mary, 293 Golden Hill, Bridgeport, Conn. (52). F fi
Low, A. A., Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y. (43). A
Low, Clarence F., Liverpool, London, Globe Bldg., New Orleans^
La. (52). I
♦Low, Hon. Seth, 30 East 64th St., New York, N. Y. (29). 1890.
Lowber, Rev. James William, Ph. D., 113 East i8th St., Austin,
Texas. (50). HI
Lowe, Houston, Dayton, Ohio. (52). G
♦Lowell, Percival, 53 State St., Boston, Mass. (36). 1896. A
Lowell, Russell C, 573 Hope St., Providence, R. I. (51).
Lucas, Anthony F., Mining Engineer, 1406 i6th St. N.W., Wash-
ington, D. C. (50). D E
Luckey, John Eddy, M. D., Vinton, la. (51). I K
♦Ludlow, Jacob Lott, C. E., 434 Summit St., Winston, N. C. (50).
B D
Luebkert, Otto, American Audit Co., Colorado Building, Wash-
ington, D. C. (50). 8
Lufkin, Albert, Newton, Iowa. (31). D E
Lull, Richard S., Amherst, Mass. (43). F H
Lund, James, 142 Hawthorne St., Maiden, Mass. (45).
Lund, Robert Leathan, Nashville, Tenn. (53). D
Lundin, Carl A. R., care Messrs. Alvan Clark and Sons, Cam-
bridgeport, Mass. (47). A
(1.2)
MEMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
♦Luquer, Lea Mcllvane, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
(49). 1902. E
Ltisk, Major James L., U. S. A., U. S. Engineer Office, RockJIsland,
111. (52). D
Luther, Miss Agnes Vinton, 917 Broad St., Newark, N. J. (47). E
Lutz, Frank Eugene, Assistant in Zoology, University of^Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (53)- F
^Lyford, Edwin P., Springfield, Mass. (33). 1896. B C H
Lyle, Benjamin F., M. D., 2302 W. Eighth St., Cincinnati, Ohio.
(SI). K
*Lyle» David A., Major U. S. Army, Augusta Arsenal, Augusta,
Ga. (28). 1880. D
' Lyman, Benj. Smith, 708 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. (15). E
Lyman, Chester W., Assistant to President of International Paper
Co., 30 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (50). I
Lyman, Elmer A., Professor of Mathematics, Michigan^State Nor-
mal School, Ypsilanti, Mich. (53). A
Lyman, Henry H., F. R. G. S., F. E. S., 74 McTavish St., Montreal.
Can. (29). E F
Lyman, James, Assist. Engineer, Genl. Elec. Co., 1047 Monadnock
Bldg., Chicago, 111. (50). D
Lynch, William H., Principal Mountain Grove School, Moun-
tain Grove, Mo. (53). I
Lyons, Albert Brown, M. D., Consulting Chemist, 72 Brainard St.,
Detroit, Mich. (50). C K
Lyons, Robert E., Professor of Chemistry, University of Indiana,
Bloomington, Ind. (51). C
♦Mabery, Prof. C. F., Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland,
Ohio. (29). 1881. C
McAdam, D. J., Teacher of Mathematics, Washington and Jefferson
College, Washington, Pa. (51). A
McAllister, Cloyd North, Ph. D., Instructor in Psychology, Yale
University, New Haven, Conn. (52). K
McAllister, Henry, Jr., Attorney at law, 512 Mining Exchange
Building, Colorado Springs, Colo. (51).
McAlpin, Charles Williston, 55 W. 33d St., New York, N. Y. (50).
McAlvin, J. G., M. D., Grundy Center, Iowa. (52). K
Mc Arthur, Lewis L., M. D., 100 State St., Chicago, 111. (51). K
Macbeth, George A., 717 Amberson Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). D H
McBeth, William A., Asst. Professor of Geography, State Normal
College, Terre Haute, Ind. (53). E
McBride, Hon. George Wickliffe, U. S. Comm'r La. Purchase
Exposition, P. O. Box 173, Washington, D. C. (51). I
McBride, Jas. H., M. D., Pasadena, Cal. (51). K
*Macbride, Thomas H., Iowa City, Iowa. (38). 1890. 8
ri33)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
McCalley, Henry, Chief Assist. State Geologist, Universitjr, Ala.
(50). E
McCartney, Dr. James H., Room 501 Granite Btdlding, Roch-
ester, N. Y. (41). A B
♦McCauley, C. A. H., Colonel and Deputy Quartermaster- Gen-
eral, U. S. A., Manila, P. I. (39). x88i.
McCaustland, Elmer James, Assistant Professor of Civil Engineer-
ing, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (52). D
McClelland, James H., M. D., 5th and Wilkins Aves., Pittsburg,
Pa. (so). F K
♦McClintock, Emory, 32 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (43). 1895. A
McClung, Clarence E., Ph. D., Professor of Zoology, University of
Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. (52). F
McClure, Geo. E., 4418 Arsenal St., St. Louis, Mo. (53). G
McCormick, Henry Dreer, M. D., Little Falls, N. J. (51). K
McCoy, Lucinius S., Whitten, Hardin Co., Iowa. (50). A
MacCracken, John Henry, Ph. D., LL. D., Syndic of New York
University, New York, N. Y. (52). I
♦McCreath, Andrew S., 223 Market St., Harrisburg, Pa. (33)-
1889. C E
McCune, M. Virginia, M. D., 506 West John St., Martinsburg,
W. Va. (51). K
McCurdy, Arthur W., 143 Bloor St., West, Toronto, Ontario,
Can. (52).
♦McCurdy, Charles W., Ph. D., 724 Real Estate Trust Bldg., Phila-
delphia, Pa. (35). 1895. E F
♦MacCurdy, George Grant, Ph. D., 237 Church St., New Haven,
Conn. (48). 1900. H
McCurdy, Hansford M., Manual Training High School, Kansas
City, Mo. (51). F 8
McDermott, Rev. P. A., Roman Catholic Mission, Old Calabon
Vigeria, Western Africa. (51). E H I
Macdonald, Benjamin J., 296 Grand St., Newburgh, N. Y. (50). I
McDonnell, Curtis C, Asst. Chemist Agaric. Exper. Station,
Clemson College, S. C. (51). C
♦McDonnell, Prof. Henry B., College Park, Md. (40). 1893. C
♦MacDougal, Daniel T., N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx Park,
New York, N. Y. (44). 1897. Q
MacDougall, George R., 131 West 73d St., New York, N. Y.
(49)-
♦MacDougall, Robert, Ph. D., Sedgwick Park, University Heights,
New York, N. Y. (49). 1901. H K
McElfresh, William Edward, Asst. Professor of Physics, Williams
College, Williamstown, Mass. (53). B
McFadden, L. H., Westerville, Ohio. (32). B C
(134)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
McFadden, Thomas Gilbert, Lebanon Valley Coll. , Annville, Pa.
(48). C
McFarland, Joseph, M. D., 442 West Stafford St.. Philadelphia,
Pa. (52). K
MacFarland. W. W., 22 WilUam St., New York, N. Y. (49).
^Macfarlane, A., Gowrie Grove, Chatham, Ontario, Can. (34).
z886. A B
Macfarlane, Hon. James R., Judge of Court of Common Pleas,
No. I, Court House, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). E
* Macfarlane, John M., Lansdowne, Pa. (41). 1899. F G
McGahan, Chas. P., M. D., Aiken, S. C. (51). K
^McGee, Dr. Anita Newcomb, 1901 Baltimore St., Washington,
D- C. (37). 1892. H
McGee, D. W., Farley, Iowa. (50). E
McGee, Miss Emma R., Box 197, Farley, Iowa. (33). H
McGee, John Bernard, M. D., 1405 Woodland Ave., Cleveland,
Ohio. (51). H K
♦McGee, W J, LL. D., Department of Anthropology, La. Purchase
Exposition, St. Louis, Mo. (27). 1882. EH
♦McGill, John T., Ph. D., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tcnn.
(36). 1888. C
McGregor, James Howard, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
(52). F
♦McGregory, Prof. J. F., Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y. (35).
1892. C
♦McGuire, Joseph D., 1834 i6th St., Washington, D. C. (51). 1902.
H
Machalske, Florentin J., Ph. D., Analytical and Consulting
Chemist, P. O. Box 25, Station W, Brooklyn, N. Y. (52). t
McHatton, Henry, M. D., Macon, Ga. (52). K
Maclntyre, Miss Lucy, 303 West 74th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Mack, Jacob W., 92 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. (49).
McKay, John S., Ph.D., Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn,
N.Y. (52).
McKeag, Miss Anna J., 14 East i6th St., New York, N. Y. (51). H
McKee, George C, care The Wm. Tod Co., Youngstown, Ohio.
(48). A B D
McKee, Ralph Harper, Professor of Chemistry, Lake Forest Uni-
versity, Lake Forest, 111. (53;. 0
McKelvy, William H., M. D., President Board of Education, 420
6th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). I
*McKenney, Randolph Evans Bender, Ph. D., Department of
Agrictdture, Washington, D. C. (51). 1903. G
McKeown, W. W., Jr., Mining Engineer, Room 607, No. z6o
Washington St., Chicago, 111. (51). D E
("5)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
McKinney, Thomas Emery, Professor of Mathematics and Astron-
omy, Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio. (50). A
McLain, Louis Randolph, Pres. of Florida Engineering Co., St.
Augustine, Fla. (51). D
Maclay, James, Ph. D., Adjunct Professor of Mathematics,
Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (52). A
McLanahan, George William, 160 1 21st St., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (50).
MacLaren, Archibald, M. D., Lowny Bldg., 350 St. Peter St.,
St. Paul, Minn. (51). K
McLaughlin, A. C, Houston Oil Co. of Texas, Houston, Texas,
(52). CDE
McLaughlin, George Eyerman, M. D., 41 Crescent Ave., Jersey
City, N. J. (47). F H
McLaughlin, Thomas N., 1226 N St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52).
McLaury, Howard L., Prof, of Mathematics and Physics, So.
Dakota School of Mines, Rapid City, So. Dak. (50). A B
♦MacLean, George Edwin, President of the State University of
Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. (52). 1903. I
♦McLennan, John C, Professor of Physics, Toronto University,
Toronto, Ontario, Can. (51). 1903. B
McLimont, Andrew Wingate, Electrical Engineer, Linares, Nuevo
Leon, Mexico. (51). D
♦Macloskie, Prof. George, Princeton Univ., Princeton, N. J. (25).
1882. F6
McMahan, Charles Hays, E. M., Supt. Sombrerete Mining Co.,
Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico. (50). E
♦McMahon, Prof. James, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (36).
1 89 1. A
MacMillan, Conway, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.
(53). 0
McMillan, Smith B., Signal, Ohio. (37).
McMiLLiN, Emerson, 40 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (37).
McMuUen, Joseph Francis, 1908 Nora Ave., Spokane, Washington.
(52). E e
♦McMurtrie, William. 100 William St., New York, N. Y. (22). 1874.
C
*McNair, Fred Walter, President Michigan College of Mines,
Houghton, Michigan. (51). 1902. B D
McNeil, Hiram Colver, Professor of Chemistry and Physics,
Shurtleff College, Upper Alton, 111. (51). B C
^McNeill, Malcolm, Professor Mathematics and Astronomy, Lake
Forest University, Lake Forest, 111. (32). 1885. A
McNulty, Geo. Washington, Civil Engineer, 258 Broadway, New
York, N. Y. (51). 0
(126)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
McNulty, John J., Ph. D., College of City of New York, New
York. N. Y. (50).
*MacNutt, Barry, Lehigh University, So. Bethlehem, Pa. (47),
1900. B
♦McPherson, Prof. Wm., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. (45).
1898. C
Mcpherson, William D., 58 Hartford St., So. Framingham, Mass.
(47).
McQueeney, Francis J., M. D., 46 Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass.
(51). K
♦McRae, Austin Lee, Professor of Physics, School of Mines and
Metallurgy, University of Missouri, Rolia, Mo. (39). 1891. B
MacVannel, John Angus, Instructor in Philosophy and Education,
Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (52). i
Macy. V. Everit, 68 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Magee, Louis J., Electrical Engineer, 25 Broad St., New York,
N.Y. (50). BD
♦Magic, Prof. Wm. Francis, Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
(35). 1887.
Magill, Arthur Edward, Hotel Stratford, Washington, D. C. (52).
C
Magill. Dr. Wm. Seagrove, Dry Milk Co., 11 Broadway, New
York, N. Y. (52). K
Magnusson, Carl Edward, Ph. D., Prof, of Physics and Electrical
Engineering, State School of Mines, Socorro, N. M. (51). D
Magruder, Egbert W., Chemist, Department of Agriculture,
Richmond. Va. (51). C
♦Magruder, Wm. T., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. (37).
1899.
Maher, John J., 1535 Franklin St., Philadelphia, Pa. (53). F
Mahin, John William, Teacher in Manual Training High School,
Denver, Colo. (50). B C E
Mahoney, Stephen A., M. D., 206 Maple St., Holyoke, Mass.
(51). K
Major, David R., Ph. D., Prof, of Education, Ohio State Univer-
sity, Columbus, Ohio. (51). H I
Makuen, G. Hudson, M. D., 252 S. i6th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(50. K
Mallet, J. W., University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. (52).
Mallinckrodt. Edw., P. O. Sub-Station A, St. Louis, Mo. (29). C
Mallinckrodt, Edw., Jr., 26 Vandeventer Place, St. Louis, Mo.
(53). 0
Mally, Charles William, Dept. Agric, Cape Town, So. Africa. (46).
Mally, Fred'k William, Garrison, Tex. (50). F 6
Malm, John Lawrence, Marysville, Mont. (50). C E
(127)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
*Maltby, Margaret E., Ph. D., Barnard College. New York, N. Y.
(46). 1898.
Mangan, Daniel C, M. D., 95 Park Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. (50). F K
Mann, Albert, Ph. D., 18 Summit St., East Orange, N. J. (43). G
*Mann, B. Pickman, 19 18 Sunderland Place, Washington, D. C.
(22). 1874. F I
Mann, Paul Blakeslee, 45 East Avenue, Ithaca, N. Y. (52). F
Manning, Charles H., U. S. N., Manchester, N. H. (35). D
Manning, Miss Eva, 1330 Columbia Road, Washington, D. C.
(52). E H
Manning, J. Woodward, zioi Tremont Building, Boston, Mass.
(47). 8
Manning, Warren H., Brookline, Mass. (31). E F H
Mansfield, Albert K., 125 Lincoln Ave., Salem, Ohio. (51). D
Manson, Marsden, Comm*r of Public Works, 2010 Gough St.,
San Francisco, Cal. (51). D
Mapes, Charles Victor, 60 W. 40th St., New York, N. Y. (37). C
Marble, J. Russel, Worcester, Mass. (31). C E
Marble, Manton, Bedford, N. Y. (36).
Marble, Milton M., Instructor in Physics, Hillhouse High School,
New Haven, Conn. (50). B
Marble, Miss Sarah, Woonsocket, R. I. (29). C
*Mark, Prof. E. H., Superintendent of Public Schools, Center and
Walnut Sts., Louisville, Ky. (39). 1893. B
*Mark, Edward Laurens, Director Zoological Laboratory, Har-
vard University, Cambridge, Mass. (50). 1901. F
Markham, George Dickson, 4961 Berlin Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (50).
Marks, Louis B., 687 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50).
Marks, William Dennis, C. E., The Art Club, Philadelphia, Pa.
(50). I
Marlatt, Miss Abby L., Manual Training High School, Providence,
R. I. (48).
* Marlatt; Charles L., U. S. Department Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (40). 1895. F
Marlow, Prank William, M. D., 200 Highland St., Syracuse, N. Y.
(50). F H I K
i M ARMOR, Rev. J. D., 1812 McCtdloh St., Baltimore, Md. (52).
E H K
Marple, Charles A., 382 Sibley St., Cleveland, Ohio. (39). B
Marquis, J. Clyde, La Fayette, Ind. (53). 8
Marsden, Samuel, 1015 N. Leffengwell Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (27). A D
♦Marsh, C. D wight, Ripon College, Ripon, Wis. (34). 1893. E F
Marsh, James P., M. D., 1828 5th Ave., Troy, N. Y. (51). K
Marshall, Horace Miller, U. S. Engineer Office, Vicksburg, Miss.
(51). D
(118)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Marsters, Vernon, Indiana University, Bloomington, Ind. (49).
Marston, Edwin S., 291 Clinton Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. (50).
^Martin, Artemas, Ph. D., LL.D., U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur-
vey, Washington, D. C. (38). 1890. A
♦Martin, Daniel S., 756 Quincy St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (23). 1879. E F
Martin, P. W., Ph. D., Dir. Chem. Lab., Randolph- Macon Wo-
men's College, College Park, Va. (49). C
♦Martin, George C, Assistant Geologist, Maryland Geological Sur-
vey, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. (51). 1903. E
Martin, Geo. W., Professor of Biology, Vanderbilt University,
Nashville, Tenn. (52). F
Martin, Louis Adolphe, Jr., Instructor in Mathematics and Me-
chanics, Stevens' Institute, Hoboken. N. J. (53). A
Martin, William Lyon, Augusta, Ga. (50). H
♦Marvin, C. P., U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C, (39).
1892. B
♦Marvin, Fran)^ O., Dean School of Engineering, University of
Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. (35). 1894. D
Marvin, Harry Norton, 11 E. 14th St., New York, N. Y. (50). D
Marvin, Joseph B., M. D., LL.D., President Kentucky University,
Louisville, Ky. (51). I
Marvin, Walter T., 36 Knox St., Cleveland, Ohio. (50). H I
Mason, Amos Lawrence, M. D., Physician to Boston City Hos-
pital, 265 Clarendon St., Boston, Mass. (50). K
Mason, Herbert Warren, Cumberland Mills, Maine. (53). D
Mason, Lewis D., M. D., 171 Joralemon St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (51). K
Mason, Miss Nellie M., Teacher of Science, Abbot Academy,
Andover, Mass. (50). B C
♦Mason, Otis T., Ph. D., LL. D., U. S. National Museum, Washing.
ton, D. C. (25). 1877. H
♦Mason, Dr. William P., Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy,
N. Y. (31). 1886. C
Massey, Wilbur Fisk, Botanist and Horticulturist, Agricultural
Exper. Station, Raleigh, N. C. (51). G
Mast, Samuel Ottnear, Holland, Mich. (52).
Matas, Rudolph, M. D., Professor of Surgery, Tulane University,
New Orleans, La. (50). H K
Mateer, Horace N., M. D., Wooster, Ohio. (36). E F
♦Mathews, John A., Ph. D., Crucible Steel Co, of America, Ex-
perimental Dept., Syractise, N. Y. (50). 1902. C E
Mathews, Miss Mary Elizabeth, Lake Erie College, Painesville,
Ohio. (41). F
Matlack, Charles, "Hidden Hearth," Matunuck, R. I. (27). I
Matlack, EUwood V., Sec'y and Mgr. Laclede Power Co., St.
Louis, Mo. (50). D
(129)
BIEMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Matthes, Francois E., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(52). E
Matthews, Albert, 145 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (51). H
♦Matthews, Dr. Washington, 1262 N. H. Ave., Washington, D. C.
(37). 1888. H
Mattison, Fitch C. E., M. D., Stowell Building, Pasadena, Cal.
(51). K
Mattoon, A. M., Scott Observatory of Park College, Parkville,
Mo. (47). A
Maurer, Edward R., Professor of Mechanics and Engineering, Uni-
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (53). D
Maxon, William R., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
(49).
Maxwell, Fred. Baldwin, Ph. D., 308 Franklin Ave., River Forest,
Oak Park P. O., 111. (51). F
Maxwell, George H., Executive Chairman, National Irrigation
Association, 1702 Fisher Bldg., Chicago, 111. (50). E
Maxwell, Hu., Treasurer Transallegheny Historical Society, Mor-
gantown, W. Va. (50). E
♦Mayer, Alfred Goldsborough, S. D., M. E., Museum Brooklyn
Institute, Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. (47). 1900. F
Maynard, George C, 1407 15th St., Washington, D. C. (35), B D
Maynard, Washburn, Captain U. S. N., Light House Board,
Treasury Department, Washington, D. C. (33). B
Mayo, Caswell A., 1536 Fiftieth St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (52).
Mead. A. D., Brown University, Providence, R. I. (52). F
Mead, Chas. S., 217 King Ave., Columbus, Ohio. (52). F
♦Mead, El wood. Chief Irrigation Investigations, U. S. Department
Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (51). 1902. D
Means, James, 196 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (47).
♦Meams, Maj. Edgar A.,M. D., U. S. A., Manila, P. I. (49). 1901. K
Medsger, Oliver P., Jacob's Creek, Pa. (50). G
Meehan, S. Mendelson, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pa. (51). 6
Meek, Walter J., Professor of Biology, Penn College, Oskaloosa,
Iowa. (53). F
♦Mees, Prof. Carl Leo, Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute,
Ind. (24). 1876. B C
Meigs, Miss Emily, Lafayette, Ind. (52). H
Meigs, Montgomery, U. S. A., U. S. Civil Engineer, Office of
D. M. R. Canal, Keokuk, Iowa. (51). D
♦Mell, P. H., Ph. D., President of Clemson Agricultural College,
Clemson College, S. C. (39). 1895. ^ B
Mellen, Edwin D., Manufacturer, 1590 Massachusetts Ave., Cam-
bridge, Mass. (51). D
Mellish, Ernest Johnson, M. D., El Paso, Texas. (52). K
(130)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Mellor, Alfred, President of the Mellor and Rittenhouse Co.,
2130 Mt. Vernon St.t Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
Mellor, Charles C, 319 Fifth Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (38).
♦Meltzer, S. J., M. D„ 107 West i22d St., New York, N. Y. (49).
1901. K
♦Mendenhall, Charles E., Ph. D., University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wis. (48). 1900. B
♦Mendenhall, T. C. Worcester, Mass. (20). 1874. B
^Mendenhall, Walter Curran, U. S. Geological Stirvey, Washington,
D. C. (52). 1903. E
Mengel, Prof. Levi W., Boys High School, Reading, Pa. (52).
Menninger, Charles Frederic, M. D., 1251 Topeka Ave., Topeka,
Kan. (50). F G K
♦Mercer, H. C, Doylestown, Pa. (41). 1893. H
Mercer, William Fairfield, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, Ohio
University, Athens, Ohio. (50). F
♦Merriam, Dr. C. Hart, U. S. Department Agrictdture, Washington,
D. C. (49). 1900. F
Merriam, John C, Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Paleontology and
Historical Geology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Cal. (52). E
Merrill, Earle Abbott, 26 Cortlandt St., New York, N. Y.
(50). D
Merrill, Elmer Drew, Instilar Bureau of Agriculture, Manila, P. I.
(50). e
♦Merrill, Frederick J. H., Ph. D., New York State Museum,
Albany, N. Y. (35). 1887. E
Merrill, Joseph Francis, Ph. D., Professor of Physics and Elec-
trical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah,
(so). B D
Merrill. Lucius Herbert, Professor of Biological Chemistry, Uni-
versity of Maine, Orono, Maine. (50). C
Merrill, Payson, 11 1 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50).
Merrill, Mrs. Winifred Edgbrton, Ph. D., 268, State St.,
Albany, N. Y. (35). A
♦Merriman, C. C, 19 10 Surf St., Lake View, Chicago, 111. (29). 1880.
F
♦Merriman, Mansfield, Lehigh University, So. Bethlehem, Pa. (32).
1885. A D I
♦Merritt, Ernest, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (33). 1890. B
Merrow, Miss Harriet L., Rhode Island College of Agriculture
and Mechanic Arts, Kingston, R. I. (44).
Merry weather, George N., 639 Forest Ave., Avondale, Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. (30). F H
Mershon, Ralph D., Constilting Engineer, 621 Broadway, New
York, N. Y. (50). D
(13:)
MEMBERS AND PBULOWS.
»■*
Messenger, James Franklin, Ph. D., Professor of Psychology, State
Normal School, Winona, Minn. (5a). H K
♦Metcalf, Haven, Professor of Botany, Clemson College, S. C. (52).
1903- •
*Metcalf, Ma3mard M., Ph. D., Professor of Biology, The Wo-
man's College, Baltimore, Md. (50). 190 1. F
Metcalf, Orlando, 424 Telephone Building, Pittsburg, Pa. (35).
D
♦Metcalf, William, i Fulton St., Pittsburg, Pa. (33). 1894. D
Metcalf, Wilmot V., Professor of Chemistry and Physics, Carleton
College, Northfield, Minn. (50). B C
Metcalfe, Captain Henry, 143 Liberty St., New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Metzler, William H., Ph. D., Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y.
(45). 1899. A
Meyer, Adolf, M. D., Director of Pathological Institute of N. Y.
State Hospital, Ward's Island, New York, N. Y. (52). K
Meyer, John Franklin, Morgan^ Lab. of Physics, Univ. of Penna.,
Philadelphia, Pa. (51). B
♦Meyer, Max, Ph. D., Professor of Psychology, University of
Missouri, Columbia, Mo. (49). 1901. H I
♦Mezes, Sidney Edward, Professor of Philosophy, University of
Texas, Austin, Texas. (50). 1901. I
♦Michael, Mrs. Helen Abbott, 140 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (33),
1885. C F
♦Michelson, Prof. A. A., Chicago University, Chicago, 111. (26).
1879. B
Miggett, W. L., Supt. of Shops, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Mich. (51). D
Miles, M<rs. Cornelia, Principal of Broadway School, 1544 Franklin
St., Denver, Colo. (50). Q
Milham, Willis I., Williams College, Williamstown, Mass. (47). A B
Millar, John M., Escanaba, Mich. (50).
Millard, Charles Sterling, Hammond, La. (51). D
Miller, Armand R., Professor of Chemistry, Manual Training
High School, Kansas City, Mo. (50). C
♦Miller, Arthur M., Professor of Geology and Zoology, State College*
Lexington, Ky. (45). 1898. E
Miller, Benjamin LeRoy, Dept. Geology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn
Mawr, Pa. (50). E
♦Miller, Prof. Dayton C, Case School of Applied Science, Cleve-
land, Ohio. (44). 1898. B
MiLLBR, Edgar G., 213 ^. German St., Baltimore, Md. (39).
A E F
♦Mijler, Edmund H., Ph. D., Colutobia University, New York, N. Y.
(50). 1901. C
C13O
MBMBBRS AKD FBLLOWS.
Miller, Emerson R., Professor of Pharmacy, Alabama Polytechnic
Institute, Auburn, Alabama. (5a). C
^Miller, Bphraim, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, State
University, Lawrence, Kan. (50). 1901. A
Miller, Prank £., Professor of Mathematics, Otterbein University,
Westerville, Ohio. (44). A
Miller, Capt. Frederick Augustus, U. S. N., aaox Massachusetts
Ave., Washington, D. C. (52).
Miller, Fred. J., Editor of "American Machinist," 34 Beech St.,
E. Orange, N. J. (51). D
4'MiUer, Oeorge A., Ph. D., Stanford University, Cal. (46). 1898. A
Miller, George N.,M.D.,8i I Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. (50). K
Miller, Gerrit S., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
(SI). F
Miller, Henry Huntington, Mgr., Balsas Valley Co., 13 Park Row
Bldg., New York, N. Y. (50). C D E
Miller, Herbert Stanley, Electrical Engineer, zoas East Jersey
St., Elizabeth, N. J. (50). D
Miller, Horace George, M. D., 189 Bo wen St., Providence, R. I.
(SI). K
Miller, James Shannon, Professor of Mathematics, Emory and
Henry College, Emory, Va. (sx). A B
Miller, John A., Professor of Mechanics and Astronomy, Indiana
University, Bloomington,* Ind. (si). A
Miller, John Craig, M. D., Professor of Natural Science, Lincoln
University, Pa. (50). B C F K
Miller, Louallen F., Instructor in Physics, University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wis. (53). B
Miller, Miss Louise Klein, Goodrich House, Cleveland, Ohio.
(SO). I
Miller, Loye Holmes, Assistant in Zoology, University of CaUfomia,
Berkeley, Cal. (53). F
Miller, P. Schuyler, Mt. Prospect Laboratory, Platbush Ave.,
Brooklyn, N. Y. (46). C
Miller, Pleasant T., 816 No. 9th St., Temple, Texas. (50).
♦Miller, Prof. William S., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
(42). 1894. F
Millis, John, Major of Engineers, U. S. A., U. S. Engineer's Office,
Seattle, Wash. (48). A B D E
Mills, Frank Smith, Dept. of Geology and Biology, St. Lawrence
University, Canton, N. Y. (52). E
♦Mills, Prof. James, Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario,
Can. (31). 189s. C I
Mills, James Edward, Instructor in Ph3rsical Chemistry, Univer-
sity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. (52).
(133)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Mills, John, Instructor in Physics, Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, Ohio. (53). B
♦Mills, Prof. Wesley, McGill University, Montreal, Can. (31). 1886.
F H
♦Mills, William C, Page Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio. (48). 190a. H
Mills, Wm. Park, M. D., Missoula, Mont. (52).
Milne, David, 2030 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
Miner, James Burt, Ph. D., Instructor in Psychology, University of
Illinois, Urbana, 111. (52). H K
Minns, Miss S., 14 Louisburg Square, Boston, Mass. (32).
♦MiNOT, Charles Sedgwick, M. D., Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Mass. (28). 1880. F
Mitchell, Andrew S., Analytical and Consulting Chemist, State
Analyst, 220 Greenbush St., Milwaukee, Wis. (51). C
Mitchell, Edward. 44 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Mitchell, Guy E., Sec'y National Irrigation Association, 1419 F St.,
N.W., Washington, D.C. (53). I
Mitchell, Henry Bedinger, Tutor in Mathematics, Columbia Uni-
versity, New York, N. Y. (50). A
Mitchell, James, Newburgh, N. Y. (50). A
Mitchell, John Pearce, Assistant in Chemistry, Stanford Univer-
sity, Cal. (51). C
Mitchell, Roland G., 141 Water St.. New York, N. Y. (50).
Mitchell, Samuel Alfred, Ph. D., Columbia University, New York,
N. Y. (52). A B
Mitchell, William Francis, M. D., Lancaster, Mo. (51). K
Mixer, Chas. Adam, Civil Engineer, Resident Engineer, Rum-
ford Falls Power Co., Rumford Falls, Maine. (51). D
Mixer, Fred. K., 313 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (35). E
♦Miyake, Kiichi. Ph. D., Botanisches Institut, Universitat zu
Bonn, Bonn, Germany. (51). 1903. 6
♦Moenkhaus, Wm. J., University of Indiana, Bloomington, Ind.
(51). 1903- F
Mohler, George H., Fremont Normal School, Fremont, Neb. (53)-
BF
Mohler, John F., Professor of Physics, Dickinson College, Carlisle,
Pa. (44). B
Mohr, Charles, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and Thera-
peutics, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Phila-
delphia, Pa. (51). K
Mohr, Lotus, M. E., 32 Illinois St., Chicago, 111. (50). A D
Mojonnier, Timothy, care of Helvetia Milk Condensing Co., Green-
ville. 111. (52). C
♦Moler, Geo. S., 106 University Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. (38). 189a.
(134)
MEMBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
MoLBRA. £. J., Civil Engineer, 606 Clav St., San Francisco, Cal.
(50). D
Molitor, David, Civil and Consulting Engineer, 125 Park Ave.,
Fond du Lac, Wis. (51). C D
Molitor, Frederic Albert, Fort Smith, Ark. (51). D
Momsen, Hart, Chief Clerk, Div. of Agric. Census Office, Washing-
ton. D. C. (50). I
Monfort, Wilson F., Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio. (48). C
Monroe, Joseph £., Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Montana
State Normal College, Dillon, Mont. (50). B C
* Monroe, Will S., State Normal School, Westfield, Mass. (49).
1901. H
Montgomery, Edmund, M. D., Hemstead, Texas. (50). F K
Montgomery, Edmund B., M. D., 146 1 Vermont St., Quincy, 111.
(5O. K
Montgomery, James H., Meadville, Pa. (50).
♦Moody, Mrs. Agnes Claypole, 125 Belvedere St., San Francisco,
Cal. (46). 1899. F
Moody, Mrs. Mary B., M. D., Fair Haven Heights, New Haven,
Conn. (25). E F
♦Moody, Robert O., M. D., Hearst Anatomical Laboratory, San
Francisco, Cal. (35). 1892. F
Moody, William Albion, Professor of Mathematics, Bowdoin
College, Brunswick, Maine. (50). A
Moore, Mrs. A. H., Stanstead, P. Q., Canada. (32). H
♦Moore, Burton E., University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (41).
1899. B
Moore, Charles James, E. M., P. O. Box 548, Cripple Creek,
Colo. (50). D E
♦Moore, Clarence B., 132 1 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. (44). 1897.
H
♦Moore, Eliakim Hastings, Professor of Mathematics, University
of Qhicago, Chicago, III. (52). 1902. A
Moore, Ernest Carroll, Ph. D., Instructor in Philosophy, Uni-
versity of California, Berkeley, Cal. (50). I
♦Moore, George Thomas, U. S. Dept. Agrictilture, Washington,
D. C. (49). 1901. G
♦Moore, J. W., M. D., Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. (22). 1874.
A B D
♦Moore, Philip North, Geologist and Mining Engineer, 121 Laclede
Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. (50). 1903. E
Moore, Robert, Civil Engineer, 61 Vandeventer Place, St. Louis,
Mo. (si). D
Moore, Stanley H., McKinley High School, St. Louis, Mo. (50).
A D
(135)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Moore, Willis L., Chief of the Weather Bureau, U. S. Dept. Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C. (44). 1897. B
♦Moorehead, Warren K., Curator of Museum, Phillips Academy,
Andover, Mass. (38). 1890. H
Morgan, H. A., Professor of Zoology and Entomology, State
University, Baton Rouge, La. (50). F
Morgan, Wm. Conger, Ph. D., Instructor in Chemistry, University
of California, Berkeley, Cal. (53). C
Morgan, Wm. P., Short Hills, N. J. (27).
♦Morley, Prof. Edward W., Ajddbert College, Cleveland, Ohio.
(18). 1876. B C E
Morrey, Charles B., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. (48). F
Morris, Edward Lyman, Washington High School, Washington,
D. C. (52). a
Morris, F. W., Villa Nova, Pa. (51).
Morris, Henry L., 16 Exchange Place, New York, N. Y. (49).
Morris, Newbold, 52 E. 72d St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Morris, Robert C, Clerk of Wyoming Supreme Court, Cheyenne,
Wyoming. (51). I
Morris, Robert Tuttle, Professor of Surgery, N. Y. Post Graduate
Medical School, 58 W. s6th St., New York, N. Y. (51). K
Morris, Russell Love, Professor of Civil and Mining Engineering,
West Virginia State University, Morgantown, W. Va. (50). D
Morrison, Charles Edward, C. E., 131 Hamilton Place, New York
City. (51). D
Morrison, Gilbert B., 2510 Perry Ave., Kansas City, Mo. (48). B C I
Morrison, Thomas, Farmers Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). 0
Morse, Albert P., Wellesley, Mass. (50). F
♦Morse, E. S., Salem, Mass. (18). 1874. F H
Morse, Fred. W., Prof, of Organic Chemistry, New Hampshire
College, D\irham, N. H. (51). C
Morse, John Torrey, Jr., 16 Fairfield Street, Back Bay, Boston^
Mass. (52).
Morse, Max W., Biological Hall, Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio. (51). F
Morse, Warner Jackson, Instructor in Botany, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vt. (52). G
Morse, Willard S., Apartado '*A,'* Aguascalientes, Mexico. (50).
C D E
Mortensen, Casper, 5 Campbell Ave., Schenectady, N. Y. (51).
Morton, George L., Room 322, Patent Office, Washington, D. C.
(sO. B D
♦Moseley, Edwin L., High School, Sandusky, Ohio. (34). 1902. 6
♦Moser, Jefferson F., Captain U. S. N., Commanding U. S. S. " Pensa-
cola," Ferry Station, San Francisco, Cal. (28). 1889. E
(136)
KBKBBK8 AND FBLLOW8.
*Moses, Prof. Alfred J., Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
(49). 1902. E
^ Moses, Dr. Thomas P., Worcester Lane, Waltham, Mass. (2$). X883.
F H
Mosher, Charles D., care of Mosher Water Tube Boiler Co., i
Broadway, New York, N. Y. (53). D
Mosman, Alonzo T., U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washing-
ton, D. C. (51). D
Motter, Murray Gait, M. D., 1815 Belmont Ave., Washington,
D. C. (51). K
♦Mottier, David M., Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of
Indiana, Bloomington, Ind. (50). 1901. F Q K
^Moulton, Forest Ray, Ph. D., Instructor in Celestial Mechanics,
University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (50). 1901. A
Moulton, W. H.. Asst. Manager, Osbom Mfg. Co., Mayfield Heights,
Cleveland. Ohio. (53). D
Mount, William D., M. E., General Superintendent, Mathieson
Alkali Works, Saltville, Va. (51). D
Moyer, Harold N., M. D., 103 State St., Chicago, 111. (51). K
Moyer, Lycurgus R., C. £., Montevideo, Minn. (50). D Q
Muckenfuss. A. M., Professor of Chemistry and Physics, Univer-
sity of Arkansas, Payetteville, Ark. (52). B C
Mueller, Edward, Assistant Chemist, N. & W. R.R., Roanoke, Va.
(Sa). C
^Mtiir, John, Martinez, Cal. (2a). 1900. Q
Mulford, Miss A. Isabel, Central High School, St. Louis, Mo. (45).
a
Mullan, W. G. R., President Boston College, Boston, Mass. (52).
^Mtdliken, Samuel P., Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston, Mass. (43).
1899.
Mullin, Edward Hemphill, 44 Broad St., New York, N. Y. (52).
Muncaster, Stewart Brown, M. D., 907 Sixteenth St., N.W.,
Washington, D. C. (51). K
Munro, John Cummings, M. D., Instructor in Surgery, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, Mass. (50). F K
^MuNROB, Prof. C. E., Columbian University, Washington, D. C.
(22). 1874. C
Munson, T. V., Nurseryman, Denison, Texas. (51). 6
*Munson, Welton M., Prof, of Horticulture, The University of
Maine, Orono, Me. (41). 1899. F Q
♦Munsterberg, Hugo, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (47).
1898.
^Murdoch, John, Public Library, Boston, Mass. (29). 1886. F H
Murdock, George J., Mechanician and Inventor, 248 Sixth Ave.,
Newark, N. J. (50). A D
{t37)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Murray, Charles R., 1207 Maple Ave., Evan st on, 111. (47). D
♦Murray, Daniel A., Ph. D., Dalhousie College, Halifax, N. S.
(47). 1899. A
Murray-Aaron, Dr. Eugene, Lanier Heights, Washington, D. C.
(52). F
Myer, Mrs. Mary H., 44 Mt. Vernon St., Boston, Mass. (44).
Myers, Edward W., North Carolina Geological Survey, Chapel
Hill, N. C. (49).
♦Myers, Prof. Geo. W., 61 19 Monroe Ave., Chicago, 111. (46). 1899.
A
♦Myers, William S., M. Sc, F. C. S., Director Chilean Nitrate
Works, 12 John St., New York, N. Y. (43). 1898. C
Myres, John L., M. A., F. S. A., Christ Church, Oxford, England.
(46). H
Nachtrieb, Henry F., Professor of Animal Biology, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (53). F
♦Nagle, Prof. James C, A. and M. College, College Station, Texas,
(40). 1893. B D
Naphen, Hon. Henry F., Member of Congress, 311 Pemberton
Building, Boston, Mass. (51). I
Nash, Geo. V., Norwood Heights, Willi amsbridge, New York,
N. Y. (47).
♦Nason, Frank L., West Haven, Conn. (36). 1888. E
Neal, Herbert V., Knox College, Galesburg, 111. (53). F
♦Needham, James G., Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, 111. (45).
1898. F
♦Nef, J. U., University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (39). 189 1. C
Neff, Isaac E., Principal of High School, Kankakee, 111. (51).
Negley, Henry Hillis, 600 N. Negley Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). 6
Neiler, Samuel Graham, Consulting and Designing Engineer,
1409 Manhattan Bldg., Chicago, 111. (50). D
Neilson, John, Larchmont, N. Y. (50).
Neilson, Walter Hopper, M. D., Ed. '* Milwaukee Medical Journal,"
114 Garfield Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. (51). K
♦Nelson, Aven, Professor of Biology, University of Wyoming,
Laramie, Wyoming. (50). 1903. G
♦Nelson, Prof. A. B., Centre College, Danville, Ky. (30). 1882.
A B D
Nelson, N. L. T., Instructor in Botany, Central High School, St.
Louis, Mo. (53). 6
Nelson, Wm., Rooms 7 and 8, Paterson Natl. Bank, Paterson,
N. J. (42).
Nesmith, Henry E., Jr., 28 South St., New York, N. Y. (30). B C F
Ness, Helge, Professor of Botany, Agric. & Mech. College, College
Station, Texas. (50). G
(138)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Newcomb, H. T., Kensington, Md. (47)- 1898. P
♦Newcomb, Prof. S., i6ao P St. N.W., Washington, D. C. (13).
1874. A B
♦Newcombe, Frederick Charles, 102 1 E. University Ave., Ann
Arbor, Mich. (43). 1896. G
Newell, Prank Clarence, 434 Rebecca Ave., Wilkensburg, Pa.
(SI). D
♦Newell, F. H., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. (40). 1893. E
♦Newell, William Wells, Editor "Journal American Folk Lore,"
Cambridge, Mass. (41). 1893. H
♦Newsom, John P., Stanford University, Cal. (44). 1903. E
♦Newson, Henry Byron, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, Uni-
versity of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. (50). 190 1. A
Nichols, Austin P., 4 Highland Ave., Haverhill, Mass. (37).
♦Nichols, Ernest Fox, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (41).
1893. B
♦Nichols. E. L., Ph. D., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (28).
1881. B C
Nichols, Fred. R., Teacher of Ph)rsics, R. T. Cram Manual Training
High School, Chicago, 111. (53). B
Nichols, Othniel Foster, C. E., Principal Assistant Engineer,
New East River Bridge, 42 Gates Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. (51).
D
Nicola, Frank F., German National Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.
(so). D
Niles, Robert Lossing, 66 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (47). BCD
♦Niles, Wm. H., Mass. Inst. Tech., Boston, Mass. (16). 1874. E
♦Nipher, Prof. Francis E., Washington University, St. Louis, Mo.
(24). 1876. B
♦Nolan, Edw. J., M. D., Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. (29).
1890. F
Nolte, Lewis G., M. D., Senn's Block, Milwaukee, Wis. (51). K
Norton, A. Wellington, LL. D., Madison, S. Dak. (52). I
Norton, J. B., Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (52). 6
♦Norton, J. B. S., College Park, Md. (47). 1899. G
♦Norton, Thomas H,, U. S. Consul, Harput, Turkey in Asia. (35).
1887. C
Nott, Charles Palmer, P. O. Box 281, Palo Alto, Cal. (50).
♦Novy, Dr. Frederick G., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
(36). 1889. C
♦Noyes, Prof. Arthur A., Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston, Mass.
(45). 1897. C
• Noyes, Isaac Pitman, 409 4th St., S.E., Washington, D. C. (49).
♦Noyes, Prof. Wm. A., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
(23). 1885. C
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Nunn, R. J., M. D.. 5 York St., East Savannah, Ga. (33). B H
♦Nuttall, Mrs. Zelia, Casa Alvarado, Coyoacan, D. F., Mexico. (35).
1887. H
♦Nutting, Prof. Charles C. State University of Iowa, Iowa City,
Iowa. (40). 1892. F
Nutting, Parley Gilman, National Bureau of Standards, Washin^^
ton, D. C. (S3). A
Nylander, Olof O., Newsweden, Maine. (50). F
Oakes, P. James, 58 Stone St., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Oberholser. Harry Church, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (46). 1898. E F H
O'Brien, Matthew Watson, M. D., 908 Cameron St., Alexandria,
Va. (51). K
Obrig, Adolph. **The Dakota," i W. yad St., New York, N. Y.
(50).
O'Connor, Haldeman, 13 North Front St., Harrisburg, Pa. (51). N
O'Donoghue, Rev. Martin, Ammendale, Md. (53). K
Oestlund, Oscar W., Entomologist, State University, Minneapolis,
Minn. (50). F
Offinger, Martin H., M. £., Director Electro- Mech. Dept., Buffalo
Commercial and Electro. Mech. Institute, Buffalo, N. Y. <5o). P
Ogden, Henry Vining, M. D., 141 Wisconsin St., Milwaukee, Wis.
(51). F K
♦Ogden, Herbert G., U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington, D. C. (38).
189X. E
Ogden, Herbert Gouvemeur, Jr., M. E., The Royalton Hotel, 44
W. 44th St., New York, N. Y. (50). B D
Ogilvie, Miss Ida Helen, Box 133, Pompton Lakes, N. J. (51). E
Oglevee, Christopher S., Instructor in Biology, Lincoln College,
Lincoln, 111. (50). F
O'Harra, Prof. Cleophas Cisney, State School of Mines, Rapid
City, So. Dak. (49).
Oldfield, Anthony M., M. D., Harbor Beach, Mich. (51). K
Oleson, Olaf M., Fort Dodge, Iowa. (53). CO
Oliphant, F. H., Geologist of South Penn. Oil Co., Oil City, Pa.
♦Olive, Edgar W., Crawfordsville, Ind. (48). 1903. Q
Olmsted, John Charles, Landscape Architect, 16 Warren St.,
Brookline, Mass. (50). E I
Olsen, Tinius, Manufacturer, 500 N. lath St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(SO. D
Onderdonk. Henry U., M. D., Buffalo, Wyo. (51). • K
Oothout, William, Chemist, Metallurgist and Mining Engineer,
Santa Barbara, Cal. (50). C D E
Opdyke, William S., ao Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (49).
(140^
KBKBBK8 AMD VBLLOWS.
^Orleman» Miss Daisy M., M. D., Peeksldll Militaiy Academy »
PeekskiU, N. Y. (40). 1897. F
^Orleman, Col. Louis H., Ph. D., Principal PeeksldU Military
Academy, Peeksldll, N. Y. (47). 1900.
Orr, William, Jr., 30 Pirglade Ave., Springfield, Mass. (39). 1895.
B F
^Ortmann, Arnold Edward, Ph. D., Curator of Invertebrate Zo-
ology, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburg, Pa. (51). 1903. E
*Orton,£dward,Jr., The Normandie, Columbus, Ohio. (48). 1900. E
♦Orton, W. A., Div. of Veg. Phvs. and Path., U. S. Dept. Agri-
culture, Washington, D. C. (49). Q
Osbom, Frederick A., Professor of Physics, Olivet Coll., Olivets
Mich. (50). B
Osbom, H. L., Professor of Zoology, Hamline University, St Paul,
Minn. (5 a). F
♦Osbom, Henry F., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (29).
1883. F
♦Osbom, Herbert, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. (32).
1884. F
Osborne, Frank Russell, Professor of Physics, John B. Stetson
University, DeLand, Fla. (50). B
♦Osborne, George Abbott, Professor of Mathematics, Mass. Inst.
of Technology, Boston, Mass. (50). 1903. A
Osborne, Loyall Allen, £. £., Mgr. of Works of Westinghouse
Electric and Mfg. Co., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). D
Osbum, Raymond Carroll, Department of Zoology, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (50). F
Osgood, Joseph B. P., P. O. Box 212, Salem, Mass. (31).
Osgood, Wilfred H., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton. D. C. (52). F
O'Shea, Prof. M. V., Secretary of the Society of College Teachers
of Education, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (53). I
♦Osier, William, M. D., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
(51). 1902. F K
♦Osmond, Prof. I. Thomton, State College, Pa. (33). 1889. ABC
O'Sullivan, Rev. Denis T., S. J., 761 Harrison St., Boston, Mass.
(40). A B
Otis, Spencer, 903 Plymouth Building, Chicago, 111. (51). D
Overton, James Bertram, Ph. D., Professor of Biology, IlUnois
College, Jacksonville, 111. (52). B
♦Owen, Charles Lorin, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, 111. (50) .
190a. H
Owen, Prof. D. A., Franklin, Ind. (34). E
Owen, Frederick Denison, No. 3 Grant Place, Washington, D. C.
(53). D
(14O
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Owen, Miss Juliette A., 306 N. Ninth St., St. Joseph, Mo. (50). F
Owen, Miss Luella Agnes, 306 N. Ninth St., St. Joseph, Mo.
(47). E
Owen, Miss Mary Alicia, 306 N. Ninth St,, St. Joseph, Mo. (50). H
Owens, William Gundy, Professor of Chemistry and Physics,
Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pa. (50). B C
♦Packard, Dr. A. S., 115 Angell St., Providence, R. I. (16). 1875.
E F
Packard, George Arthur, Metallurgist and Mining Engineer, 18
Lafayette St., Wakefield, Mass. (50). E
Packard, John C, 14 Searle Ave.. Brookline, Mass. (48). B
♦Paddock, Wendell, Professor of Botany and Hortictdture, Agri-
cultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. (50). 1901. B
Page, Clarence V., Civil and Mining Engineer, P. O. Box 922,
Butte, Montana. (51). D E
Page, Dr. Dudley L., 46 Merrimack St., Lowell, Mass. (33). F
Page, Logan Waller, Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (52). C
Page, Mrs. Nellie K., 46 Merrimack St., Lowell, Mass. (33). F
♦Paine, Cyrus F., 242 East Ave., Rochester, N. Y. (12). 1874. A B
Paine, Paul McClary, 422 West Biddle St., Baltimore, Md. (53). E
♦Paine, Robert Treat, President, Associated Charities of Boston,
6 Joy St., Boston, Mass. (50). 1903. I
Painter, Charles Fairbank, M. D., 372 Mulboro St., Boston, Mass.
(SO). F K
♦Palache, Charles, University Museum, Cambridge, Mass. (44).
1896. E
♦Palmer, Prof. Albert De Forest, Brown University, Providence,
R. I. (47). 1900. B
♦Palmer. Prof. Arthur William, 804 W. Green St., Urbana, 111.
(46). 1898. C
♦Palmer, Charles Skeele, Ph. D., Chief Chemist, A. C. M. Co..
Anaconda, Mont. (50). 1901. C
Palmer, Dr. Edward, Botanical Div., U. S. Dept. Agricidture,
Washington, D. C. (22). H
Palmer, Ezra, M. D., 2 Lincoln Hall, Trinity Court, Boston,
Mass. (51). K
Palmer, Irving A., Filer's Plant, A. S. & R. Co., Pueblo, Colo.
(52). c
Palmer, Walter Keifer, Consulting Engineer, 401 New York Life
Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. (47). B D
Paltsits, Victor Hugo, Assistant Librarian, Lenox Library, New
York, N. Y. (51). H
♦Pammel, Prof. L. H., Iowa Agricultural College, Ames, la. (39).
1892. G
(143)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
Parish, Henry, 52 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Park, Roswell, M. D., 510 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (45).
Z901. H K
*Park, William Hallock. M. D., 315 West 76th St., New York,
N. Y. (51). 1903. K
Parker, Charles V., Superintendent Public Schools, Trinidad,
Colo. (52). I
♦Parker, Edward Wheeler, Statistician, U. S. Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C. (52). 1903. E
Parker. Miss Florence. 10340 Longwood Ave., Chicago, 111. (50). E
♦Parker, George Howard, Assistant Professor of Zoology, Har-
vard University, Cambridge, Mass. (50). 1901. F
Parker, Herman B., M. D., Vera Cruz, Mexico, (52). K
♦Parker, Herschel C.,21 Fort Greene Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. (43).
1900. C
Parker, Horatio N., Biologist to Metropolitan Water Board, 456
Bloomfield Ave., Montclair, N. J. (50). F
Parker, J. B., M. D., U. S. N., U. S. Naval Home, Philadelphia,
Pa. (50). K
Parker, Moses Greeley, M. D., 11 First St., Lowell, Mass. (47). H
Parker. Richard Alexander, C. £., £. M., 4 P. O. Square, Boston,
Mass. (50). D E
Parker, William L., 312 Dartmouth St., Boston, Mass. (50).
♦Parkhurst, Henry M., 173 Gates Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. (23).
1874. A
♦Parks, C. Wellman, Civil Engineer, U. S. N., Navy Yard, Boston,
Mass. (42). 1897.
Parmelee, H. P., 503 Mich. Trust Bldg., Grand Rapids, Mich.
(42). E H
Parsell, Henry V. A., 770 West End Ave., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Parsons, Prof. Charles Lathrop, Durham, N. H. (41). 1896.
Parsons, Mrs. Edwin, 326 W. 90th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Parsons, Francis H., 210 ist St., S.E., Washington, D. C. (52).
Parsons, John E., hi Broadway, New York, N. Y. (36).
Pastorius, Charles Sharpless, care of Van Briggle Pottery Co., Colo-
rado Springs, Colo. (51).
♦Paton, Stewart, M. D., 213 W. Monument St., Baltimore, Md.
(50). 1902. K
Patrick, Frank, 601 Kansas Ave., Topeka, Kansas. (50).
♦Patrick, Geo. E., U. S. Department Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (36). 1890. C
Patten, Frank Chauncy, Librarian, Rosenberg Library, Galveston,
Texas. (53). I
Patten, John, Patten Vacuum Ice Co. Ltd., 325 E. 97th St.,
New York, N. Y. (43).
(143)
MBKBBRS AND VBLLOWS.
Patten, Miss Juliet, aaia R St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (49)-
CFa
Patterson. Andrew Henry, Prof, of Physics, Univ. of Georgia,
Athens, Ga. (51). B
Patterson, Dr. A. M., Instructor in Chemistry, Rose Poljrtechnic
Institute, Terre Haute, Ind. (51). C
Patterson, Mrs. Flora Wambaugh, U. S. Dept. Agrictdture, Wash-
ington, D. C. (44). Q
♦Patterson, George W., Jr., 814 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor,
Mich. (44). 1896.
♦Patterson, Harry J., College Park, Md. (36). 1890. C
Patterson, Prof. James L., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa.
(45).
Pattison, Prank A., Consulting Electrical Engineer. 141 Broad-
way, New York, N. Y. (50). D
Patton, Arthur L., State Preparatory School, Boulder, Colo. (50).
BC
♦Patton, Horace B., Professor of Geology and Mineralogy, Colo-
rado School of Mines, Golden, Colo. (37). 1901. E
Patton, John, Counsellor-at-law, 925 Mich. Trust Co. Bldg., Grand
Rapids, Mich. (50). I
♦Paul, Henry M., 2015 Kalorama Ave., Washington, D. C. (33).
1885. A B
♦Paulmier, Frederick Clark, N. Y. State Museum, Albany, N. Y.
(47). 1901. F
Pauls, Gustavus, St. Louis Altenheim, 5408-5450 S. Broadway, St.
Louis, Mo. (53). B
Pawling, Jesse, Jr., Randal Morgan Laboratory of Physics, Univ.
of Penna., Philadelphia, Pa. (50). A B C D
Peabody, George Foster, 28 Monroe Place, Brooklyn, N. Y. (50).
Peabody, Mrs. Lucy E., 1430 Corona St., Denver, Colo. (50). H
Peabody, Mary Brown, All Saints School, Sioux Falls, S. Dak.
(52). F«
Pearce, James Edwin, Principal of High School, 309 W. 10th St.,
Austin, Texas. (51). H
Pearl, Raymond, Ph. D.. Instructor in Zoology, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (53). F
Pearson, Fred. Stark, Consulting Engineer, Columbia Bldg. (Room
220), 29 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50). D
♦Pearson, Raymond A., Professor of Dairy Industry, Cornell Uni-
versity, Ithaca, N. Y. (49). 1901. F
Pease. Miss Clara A., Public High School, Hartford, Conn. (47). E
Peck, Charles H., State Botanist, Albany, N. Y. (52). B
Peck, Frederick B., Lafayette College, Easton, Pa. (49).
Peck, Frederic W., M. D., Litchfield, Conn. (52). K
(144)
MBMBBRS AND FBLL0W8.
' Peck, George. M. D., U. S. N., 926 North Broad St., Elizabeth,
N.J. (51). K
Peck, Mrs. John Hudson, 3 Irving Place, Troy, N. Y. (28).
Peck, W. A., C. E., 1643 Champa St., Denver, Colo. (19). E
♦Peckham, Wheeler H., 80 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (36).
1 90 1. I
Pegram, George Braxton, Ph. D., Tutor in Physics, Columbia Uni-
versity, New York, N. Y. (52). B
♦Peirce, Benjamin O., 305 Cabot St., Beverly, Mass. (47). 1898.
Peirce, Cyrus N., D. D. S., 3316 Powelton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.
(31). F
♦Peirce, George James, Associate Professor of Plant Physiology,
Stanford University, Cal. (44). 1897. Q
Peirce. Harold, 222 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. (33). H I
Pell, Mrs. Alfred, Highland Falls. N. Y. (51).
Pendleton, Edward Waldo, 900 Union Trust Building, Detroit,
Mich. (46). H I
Penfield, S. L., Professor of Mineralogy, Yale University, New
Haven, Conn. (51). 1902. E
Pennell, William W., M. D., Predericktown, Ohio. (51). K
Penniman, George H., 1071 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Pennington, Miss Mary Engle, Ph. D., 3908 Walnut St., Phila-
delphia, Pa. (47). 1900. C F Q
Penrose, Charles B., M. D., 1720 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(SI). B K
♦Pbnrose. Dr. R. A. P., Jr., Ph. D., 460 Bullitt Building, Phila-
delphia. Pa. (38). 1890. E
♦Pepper, George H., Amer. Mus. Nat. History, Central Park,
New York, N. Y. (48). 1900. H
Perkins, Albert S., Teacher of Chemistry, Dorchester High School,
75 Milton Ave., Hyde Park, Mass. (50). C
Pbrkins, Arthur, 14 State St., Hartford, Conn. (31). A B
♦Perkins, Prof. Charles Albert, University of Tennessee, Knox-
ville, Tenn. (47). 1900. B D
Perkins, Edmund Taylor, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (52). E
Perkins, Frank Walley, Asst. Supt., U. S. Coast and Geodetic Sur-
vey, Washington, D, C. (52). B
♦Perkins, Prof. George H., Burlington, Vt. (17). 1S82. E F H
Perkins, Henry Famham, Ph. D., University of Vermont, Burling-
ton, Vt. (52). F
Perkins, John Walter, M. D., 423 Altman Building, Kansas City,.
Mo. (51). K
♦Perrine, C. D., Asst. Astronomer, Lick Observatory, Mt. Ham^
ilton, Cal. (51). 1903. A
(145)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Perrine, Miss Lura L., State Normal School, Valley City, No.
Dak. (47). E F a H
♦Perry, Arthur C, 226 Halsey St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (43). 1896.
AB
Perry, Thomas Sergeant, Author, 312 Marlborough St., Back
Bay, Boston, Mass. (50).
Peskind, Arnold, M. D., 1354 Willson Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. (51).
K
Peters, Amos W., Instructor in Zoology, University of Illinois,
Urbana. 111. (53). F
Peters, Clayton A., Polytechnic Preparatory School, 13th Ave. and
56th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (46). 6
♦Peters, Edw. T., 58 Savernake Road, London, N. W., England.
(33). 1889. >
Petersen, Niels Frederick, Plain view. Neb. (50). I
Peterson, Bertel, Genl. Mgr. Grand Central Mining Co., Ltd.,
Torres, Sonora, Mexico. (50). D
Peterson, Dr. C. A., 715 Century Building, St. Louis, Mo. (52). H
♦Peterson, Frederick, M. D., 4 W. 50th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
1901. K
Peterson, Sidney, Brighton High School, Boston, Mass. (50). C 6
PiStre, Axel, P. O. Box 1606, Philadelphia, Pa. (48). D
Pettee, Charles Holmes, Durham, N. H. (47). A
Pettee, Rev. J. T., Meriden, Conn. (39). I
♦Pettee, Prof. Wm. H., Professor of Mineralogy, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (24). 1875. E
Pettegrew, David Lyman, P. O. Box 75, Worcester, Mass. (44). A
Pettersen, C. A., 2395 Lowell Ave., Chicago, 111. (52).
Pettis, Clifford R., care Forest, Fish and Game Com., Albany,
N. Y. (52). G
Phelps, William Joshua, Mgr. The Phelps Co., Detroit, Mich.
(50). D I K
Philips, Ferdinand, of Philips, Townsend & Co., Manufacturers,
505 N. 2ist St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). D
♦Phillips, Prof. Andrew \y., 209 York St., New Haven, Conn. (24).
1879.
♦Phillips, Prop. Francis C, Box 126, Allegheny, Pa. (36). 1899. C
Phillips, John C, 299 Berkley St., Boston, Mass. (52.)
Phillips, John Lloyd, Assistant State Entomologist, Blacksburg,
Va. (52). F
Phillips, John S., 141 E. 25th St., New York, N. Y. (46).
Phipps, Lawrence Cowle, Farmers' Bank Bldg., Pittsburg, Pa.
(SI). D
Pickel, Frank Welborn, Prof, of Biology, Univ. of Arkansas,
Fayetteville, Ark. (71). G
(146;
MB1IBBR3 AND FBLLOWS.
^Pickering, Prof. Edward C, Director of Harvard Observatory ,
Cambridge, Mass. (z8). 1875. A B
Pickett, Dr. Thomas £., Maysville, Ky. (25). F H
Pickett, William Douglas, Four Bear, Big Horn Co., Wyoming.
(41). D I
*PiBRCB, Nbwton B., Pacific Coast Laboratory, U. S. Dept.
Agriculture, Santa Ana, Cal. (49). 1901. 6
♦Pierce, Perry Benjamin, U. S. Patent Ofiice, Washington, D. C.
(40). 1895. H
Pierce, Sloan J., R. F. D., No. 4, Warren, Ohio. (50). E
PiBRRBPONT, Hbnry £., 9i6 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(43).
♦Piersol, George A., Professor of Anatomy, University of Penn-
sylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (50). 1902. K
fPietrzycki, Marcel, M. D., Starbuck, Wash. (51). I
Pilcher, James Evelyn, Ph. D., Professor of Sociology and Eco-
nomics, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pa. (50). I
Pilling, J. W., 1301 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(40).
♦Pillsbury, J. E., Captain U. S. N., General Board, Navy Dept.,
Washington, D. C. (33). 1898. B E
♦Pillsbury, John H., Prin. of Waban School, Waban, Mass. (23).
1885. F H
*Pinchot, Gifford, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(47). 1899. 6
Pinchot, J. W., i6i«; Rhode Island Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(50). «
Pinkerton, Andrew, Electrical Engineer, Vandergrift, Pa. (50). D
Pinney, Mrs. Augusta Robinson, 350 Central St., Springfield,
Mass. (44). F G
Piper, Charles V., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. c. (53). e
Pitkin, Lucius, 47 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. (29).
Pitner, Thomas J., M. D., Trustee Illinois College, Jacksonville,
111. (si). K
Pitts, Thomas Dorsey, Naval Architect and Engineer, 90 Halsey
St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (51). D
Plant, Albert, 28 East 76th St.. New York, N. Y. (50).
Plapp, Frederick Wm., 2549 N. 42d Ave., Irving Park Sta.,
Chicago, 111. (52).
Piatt, Hon. Thomas C, United States Senator, 49 Broadway, New
York, N. Y, (49).
Piatt, Walter B., M. D., 802 Cathedral St., Baltimore, Md.
(50). K ■ >
Plimpton, George Arthur, 70 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. (47).
(W)
i
MEMBERS AND PBLLOW8.
Plowman, Amon Benton, 24 Shepard St., Cambridge, Mass.
(50). B
♦Pohlman, Dr. Julius, 404 Franklin St.. Buffalo, N. Y. (32). 1884.
E F
Pole, Arminius C, M. D., 2038 Madison Ave., Baltimore, Md»
(51). K
♦Pollard, Charles Louis, 286 Pine St., Springfield, Mass. (44)-
1899. G
Pollock, Horatio M., Ph. D., N. Y. State Civil Service Com-
mission, Albany, N. Y. (50). F
Pomeroy, Charles Taylor, 55 Broad St., Newark, N. J. (43).
♦Pond, G. Gilbert, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry, State College,
Pa. (51). 1903. C
Pond, Raymond Haines, Ph. D., Northwestern University Bldg.,
87 Lake St., Chicago, 111. (52). G
Poor, John Merrill, Professor of Astronomy, Dartmouth College^
Hanover, N. H. (52). A
Porter, Albert B., 1232 Forest Ave., Evanston, 111. (53). B
Porter, Miss Caroline Johnson, The Western College, Oxford^
Ohio. (52).
Porter, Miss Edna, 94 Russell Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (41). F 6
Porter, Fred. B., 4911 Champlain Ave., Chicago, 111. (52). C
Porter, H. Hobart, Jr., Consulting Electrical and Mechanical
Engineer, 31 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (50). D
Porter, Henry K., Trustee of Carnegie Institute, 541 Wood St.,
Pittsburg, Pa. (50). D
Porter, J. Edward, Mfg. Chemist and Analyst, 8 Clinton Block,.
Syracuse, N. Y. (50). C
Porter, Miles F., M. D., 207 W. Wayne St.. Ft. Wayne, Ind. (51). K
♦Porter, W. Townsend, M. D., Assistant Professor of Physiology,.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass. (so). 1901. K
Posse, Baroness Rose, Posse Gymnasium, 206 Massachusetts Ave,
Boston, Mass. (52).
♦Post, Charles A., Bayport, Long Island, N. Y. (49). 1901. A
Post, Walter A., General Superintendent, Newport News Ship-
building and Dry-dock Co., Newport News, Va. (51). D
Poteat, Wm. L., Wake Forest, N. C. (47). F
Poth, Harry A., Technical Brewer, 216 N. 33d St., Philadelphia,
Pa. (53). e
Potter, Mrs. Henry C, 347 W. 89th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Potter, Richard B., M. D., West Palm Beach, Fla. (51). K
Potter, William Bancroft, Chief Engineer, Ry. Dept. G. E. Co.^
Schenectady, N. Y. (50). P
Potter, William Plumer, Justice Supreme Court of Pennsylvania,.
304 St. Clair St., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). I
(148;
MBMBBR8 AND FBLLOW8.
Powel, Colonel dc Vcaux, 38 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50).
Powell, James, Mechanical Engineer, 9525 Spring Grove Ave., Cin-
cinnati, Ohio. (51). D
Powell, Thomas, M. D., 915-917 Laughlin Bldg., Los Angeles,
Cal. (41).
^Power, Frederick B., Ph. D., Director, The Wellcome Research
Laboratories, 6 King St., Snow Hill, London, £. C, England.
(31). 1887. C
^Powers, Le Grand, 3007 13th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (51).
1902. I
Praeger, William Emilius, Department of Botany, University of
Chicago. Chicago, 111. (53). 6
Prang, Louis, 45 Centre St., Roxbury, Mass. (99). D
Prather, John McClellan, Ph. D., Instructor in Biology, St. Louis
High School, St. Louis, Mo. (59). F
Prather, Wm. L., Ph. D., President of the University of Texas,
Austin, Texas. (50). I
Pratt, Alexander, Jr., Ph. D., 26 Bunnell St., Bridgeport, Conn. (50).
H I
Pratt, Chas. W., Supt. City Schools, Augusta, Kans. (50). F
♦Pratt, Joseph Hyde, Ph. D., Chapel Hill, N. C. (49). 1902. E
Pratt, Col. R. H., Superintendent of U. S. Indian Industrial School,
Carlisle. Pa. (53). I
Pr^fontaine, Louis A., M. D., 317 Main St., Springfield, Mass.
(52). K
Prentiss, Daniel Webster, M. D., 13 15 M St., N. W., Washington,
D. C. (so). F K
'^ Prentiss, Robert W., Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy,
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. (40). 1891. A
*Prescott, Prof. Albert B., Ann Arbor, Mich. (23). 1875. C
Prescott, Samuel Cate, Instructor in Biology, Mass. Inst. Tech.,
Boston, Mass. (51). K
Price, Harvey Lee, Adjunct Professor of Horticulture, Agricultu-
ral Experiment Station, Blacksburg, Va. (52). G
Price, Robert Henderson, Willow View Farm, Long's Shop, Va.
(50). F e
Price, Thomas Malcolm, U. S. Dept. of Agrictiltiire, Washington,
D. C. (50). C
Price, Weston A. V., 9938 Budid Ave., CleTeUuid, Ohio. (48):
BC
Priest, Henry, Ph. D., Dean of College of Letters and Science, St;
Lawrence University, Canton, N. Y. (53). I
Prince, J. Dyneley, 15 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. (49).
Pritchard, Myron T., 125 School St., Roxbury, Mass. (59). El
Pritchard, Samuel Reynolds, Blacksburg, Va. (47). D
(149)
MBMBBR8 AND PBLLOW8.
Pritchard, William Broaddus, M. D., 105 W. 73d St., New York,
N. Y. (51). K
♦Pritchett, Henry S., President Mass. Inst. Technology, Boston,
Mass. (29). 1 88 1. A
Probasco, John Buck, M. D., 175 E. Front St., Plainfield, N. J.
(51). K
Proctor, Chas. A., Department of Physics, University of Missouri,
Columbia, Mo. (53). B
♦Prosser, Charles S., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. (33). 1891.
E F
Proudfit, Alexander Couper, 40 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (47).
Pruyn, John V. L., Jr., Albany, N. Y. (29).
Pryer, Charles, New Rochelle, N. Y. (49).
Puffer, William L., 198 Mt. Vernon St., West Newton, Mass.
(50). D
Pulsifer, Mrs. C. L. B., Nonquitt, Mass. (33).
♦Pulsifer, Wm. H., Nonquitt, Mass. (26). 1879. A H
•Pupin, Dr. M. I., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (44).
1896. B
Purdue, Albert Homer, Professor of Geology, University of Ar-
kansas, Fayctteville, Ark, (50). E
Puryear, Chas., Professor of Mathematics, Agric. and Mech.
College, College Station, Tex. (51). A
Pusey, Charles W., M. E., President The Pusey & Jones Co.>
Wilmington, Del. (51). 0
Putnam, Chas. P., M. D., 63 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.
(28).
Putnam, Miss Elizabeth D., 2013 Brady St., Davenport, Iowa.
(45).
*Putnam, Prof. F. W., Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass. (10).
1874. H
Putnam, Henry St. Clair, Davenport, Iowa. (47).
Pyle, Miss Efiie B., Principal of High School, Coldwater, Kansas.
(51). BC
Pyle, William Henry, Supt., Vandalia City Schools, Vandalia, 111-
(•;3). "
Quackenbos, John D., M. D., 331 W; 28th St., New York, N. Y.
(49)-
*Quaintance,'A. L.,- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington ^
D. C. (51). 1903. F
• Quinn, John James, Warren, Pa. (52).
Quintard, Edward* A., Sewanee, Tenn., Supt. of Mines at Bato-
pilas, Mexico. (50). E
Quiroga, Modesto, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (52).
Radin, PauU 844 Teasdale Place, New York, N. Y. (52). F K
(150;
MBMBBR8 AND FBLLOW8.
^Ramaley, Francis, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colo. (45).
1899. 6
Ramsey, Miss Mary C, Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. (52). H
Ramsey, Rolla Roy, 615 £. 3d St., Bloomington, Ind. (50). B
Rand, C. P., M. D., 1228 15th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (27).
E H
Rand, Herbert Wilbur, Ph. D., Instructor in Zoology, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass. (51). F
Randall, Burton Alexander, M. D., 17x7 Locust St., Phila-
delphia, Pa. (51). K
Randall, John £., Superintendent and Electrical Engineer,
Columbia Inc. Lamp Co., St. Louis, Mo. (50). D
Randolph, Beverley S., Mining Supt. Consolidation Coal Co.,
Prostburg, Md. (50). D E
Randolph, Prof. L. S., Blacksburg, Va. (33). D
*Rane, Prank Wm., New Hampshire Agric. Exper. Station, Dur-
ham, N. H. (42). 1900. 6
Rankin, Walter M., Professor of Invertebrate Zoology, Princeton
University, Princeton, N. J. (51). F
Ransohoff, Joseph, M. D., Cincinnati, Ohio. (51). K
Ransome, Ernest Leslie, Concrete Engineer, Westervelt and 4th
Ave., New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. (51). D
^Ransome, Prederick Leslie, Ph. D., U. S. Geological Survey,
Washington, D. C. (52). 1903. E
Rathbun, Miss Mary J., Smithsonian Institution, Washington,
D. C. (52). F
^Rathbun, Richard, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
(40). 189a. F
Rau, Albert George, Principal Moravian Parochial School, 63
Broad St., Bethlehem, Pa. (50). B E
Raymer, George Sharp, E. M., Instructor in Mining, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass. (50). D E
♦Raymond, Rossiter W., 99 John St., New York, N. Y. (15). 1875.
E I
♦Raymond, William G., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy,
N. Y. (44). 1896. D
Rea, Paul M., Professor of Biology and Geology, College of
Charleston, Charleston, S. C. (53). E F
Reagan, Albert B., care of Boarding School, Rosebud, S. Dak.
Reber, Samuel, Lieut. Col. U. S. A., Signal Corps, Headquarters of
the Army, Washington, D. C. (50). D
R^che, Miss Eug6nie M., 31 Howell St., Rochester, N. Y. (41). E H
Rcckefus, Chas. H., Jr., M. D., 506 N. 6th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(51). K
(15O
MBMBBR8 AND FELLOWS.
Red, Samuel Clark, M. D., Hotiston, Texas. (51). K
Reddinfe, Allen C, Tybo. Nevada. (39). C
Redfield, William C, Commissioner of Public Works, Borouj^h
Hall. Brooklyn, N. Y. (44)- 0
♦Reed, Charles J., 3313 N. i6th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (34). 1903-
BC
Reed, Howard Sprague, Instructor in Botany, University of Mis-
souri, Columbia, Mo. (53)- 6
Reed, Hugh D., Ph. D., Instructor, Dept. of Neurology, Vertebrate
Zoology and Physiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
(49). F
Reed, Hon. James H., Amberson Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). I
♦Reed, John O., 907 Lincoln Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich. (44). 1898. B
♦Rees, Prof. John K., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (26).
1878. ABE
Reese, Albert Moore, Ph. D., Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y.
(52). F
♦Reese, Charles L., 1020 Jackson St., Wilmington, Del. (39). 1892. C
Reese, Herbert M., Yerkes Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis.
(49). B
♦Reese, Jacob, 400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (33). 1891. B D
♦Reid, Harry Fielding, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
{36). 1893. B
♦Reid, Hon. Whitelaw, 451 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y. (50).
Z90Z. I
Reifsnyder, Samuel K., 705 Bond St., Asbury Park, N. J.
(50). I
Reigart, John Franklin, Department of Pedagogy, University of
Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. (53). I
Reighard, Jacob, Prof, of Zoology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Mich. (51). F
Reist, Henry G., Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, 5 South
Church St., Schenectady, N. Y. (50). D
♦Remsen, Ira, President Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
(22). 1875. C
Renninger, John S., M. D., Marshall, Minn. (31). C F
Replogle, Mark A., M. E., Hydraulic Engineer, iii S. Walnut St.,
Akron, Ohio. (51). D
♦Renter, Dr. Ludwig H., 443 East 87th St., New York, N. Y. (46).
1898. C
Reynolds, Dudley Sharpe, M. D., 304 W. Chestnut St., Louisville,
Ky. (50). K
Reynolds, George, P. O. Box B, Salt Lake City, Utah. (44). H
♦Rhodes, Jambs Ford, Author and Historian, 392 Beacon St.,
Boston, Mass. (50). 1903. I
(153)
UBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Rice, Calvin Winsor, Consulting Engineer, General Electric Co.,
44 Broad St.. New York. N. Y. (51). B D
Rice, Edward L., A. B., Ohio Wesleyan Universitv, Delaware,
Ohio. (43). F
Rice, Edwin Wilbur, Jr., General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.
(50). D
Rice, Martin Everett, Asst. Professor of Physics and Electrical
Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kans. (50). B D
"♦Rice, Prof. W. North, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.
(18). 1874. E F
Rich, Michael P., M. D., 50 W. 38th St., New York, N. Y. (40).
Richard, Montrose R., M. D., 1x4 West zi6th St., New York,
N. Y. (si). K
^Richards, Charles B., 237 Edwards St., New Haven, Conn. (33).
1885. D
'^RiCHA&DS, Edgar, 341 W. 88th St., New York, N. Y. (31). 1886. C
^Richards, Herbert Maule, Ph. D., Instructor in Botany, Barnard
College, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (51). 1903. G
** Richards, Prof. Robert H., Mass. Institute of Technology, Boston,
M^^ss. (29). 1875. B
^Richards, Mrs. Robert H., Mass. Institute of Technology, Boston,
Mass. (23). 1878. C
* Richards, Prof. Theodore William, Harvard University, Cam-
bridge, Mass. (47). 1899.
Richardson, Major Charles A., Canandaigua, N. Y. (50). I
Richardson, Charles Henry, Ph. D., Department of Mineralogy,
Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. (47). C E
Richardson, Dr. Charles Williamson, zioa L St., N.W., Wash*
ington, D. C. (49).
^Richardson, Clifford. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., Long Island
City, N. Y. (30). 1884. C
^Richardson, Miss Harriet, Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
D. C. (49). 1903. F
Richardson, Leon B., Instructor in Chemistry, Dartmouth College,
Hanover, N. H. (52). 0
^Richardson, Mark Wyman, M. D., 90 Equitable Building, Boston,
Mass. (51). 1903. K
Richardson, Wm. D., P. O. Box 185, Fredericksburg, Va. (52).
CF
Richmond, William Henry,. 3425 North Main Ave., Scranton, Pa.
(SO). E
Rickard, T. A., Editor of "The Engineering and Mining Journal,"
261 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50). D E
Ricker, Maurice, Principal of High School, Burlington, Iowa. (50).
F
(iS3)
' MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Ricker, N. Clifford, Dean of the College of Engineering, Uni-
versity of Illinois, Urbana, 111. (50). D
Ricker, Percy Leroy, Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (52). G
Ricketts, Louis D., Consulting Mining Engineer, 99 John St.,
New York, N. Y. (50). D E
♦Ricketts, Prof. Palmer C, 30 Second St., Troy, N. Y. (33). 1887,
A D
♦Ricketts, Prof. Pierre de Peyster, 104 John St., New York, N. Y.
(96). 1880. C D E
Ricketts, Col. R. Bruce, Wilkesbarre, Pa. (33). E
Riddell, John, Mechanical Superintendent, General Electric Co.,
1 133 State St., Schenectady, N. Y. (51). D
Riddle, Lincoln Ware, 61 Brattle St., Cambridge, Mass. (52), 6
Riddle, Lumina C, 160 West Fifth Ave., Columbus, Ohio. (48). 6
Riederer, Emil Justus, Asst. Supt. Forcite Powder Co., Landing,
N. J. (52). C
Ries, Elias E., E. E., 116 Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (33). B D
♦Ries, Heinrich, Ph. B., Ithaca, N. Y. (41). 1898. E
Riesman, David, M. D., 1624 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). K
Rietz, Henry Lewis, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. {51). A
♦Riggs, Robert Baird, Ph. B., Professor of Chemistry, Trinity
College, Hartford, Conn. (50). 1901. C
Riggs, Walter Merritt, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Clem*
son College, S. C. (50). B D
Riker, Clarence B., General Manager, The Sydney Ross Co., 48
Vesey St., New York. N. Y. (52). F
Riker, Samuel, 27 E. 69th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Riley, Cassius M., Professor of Chemistry, Barnes Medical College
and Barnes College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, Mo. (53). 0
♦Riley, Isaac Woodbridge, Ph. D., Professor of Philosophy and
Pol. Economy, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton^
New Brunswick, Canada. (52). 1903. H I
Riley, Mrs. Matilda E., Art Director, St. Louis Public Schools,
Board of Education Building, St. Louis, Mo. (53).
Rissmann, Otto, General Manager Cherokee- Lanyon Spelter Co.^
lola, Kan. (50). D E
Ritchie, Craig D., Conveyancer, 414 N. 34th St., Philadelphia, Pa»
(51).
♦Ritter, William Emerson, Associate Professor of Zoology, Um«
versity of California, Berkeley, Cal. (50). 1901. F
Robb, Hunter, M. D., 702 Rose Building, Cleveland, Ohio. (51). K
Robb, J. Hampden, 23 Park Ave., New York, N. Y. (50).
Robbins, Fred. W., Superintendent of Schools, Bethlehem, Pa»
(SO). I
(154)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Robert, Dr. J. C, A. and M. College, Agrictiltural College, Miss.
(SI).
Roberts, H. L., Department of Biology, Western Illinois State
Normal School, Macomb, 111. (53). F
Roberts, Miss Jennie B., 231 William St., Port Chester, N. Y. (43).
Roberts, John M., Principal, High School, and Instructor in
Science, Marshall, Mo. (50). F G
Roberts, Milnor, Professor of Mining and Metallurgy, University
of Washington, Seattle, Wash. (50). D E
Roberts, Thomas Paschall, Civil Engineer, 361 North Craig St.»
Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D
Roberts, Wm. P., 730 15th St., Washington, D. C. (52). F I
Robertson, Charles, Carlinville, 111. (53). F
Robins, Wm. Littleton, M. D., 1700 13th St., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (52). K
^Robinson, Benjamin Lincoln, Curator Harvard Herbarium,
Cambridge, Mass. (41}. 1893. 6
Robinson, Charles Dwight, Newburgh, N. Y. (50). I
^Robinson, Prof. Franklin C, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me.
(29). 1889. C D
♦Robinson, Otis Hall, Professor of Natural Philosophy, University
of Rochester, Rochester, N. Y. (23). 1901. A B
Robinson, Samuel Adams, M. D., 135 North 2 2d St., Portland,
Oregon. (51). H I K
Robinson, Sanford, C. E., E. M., Steeple Rock, New Mexico. (50).
D
♦Robinson, Prof. Stillman W., 1353 Highland St., Columbus, Ohio.
(30). 1883. A B D
Rochester, DeLancey, M. D., 469 Franklin St., Buffalo, N. Y.
(35). F
Rockey, A. E., M. D., 778 Flanders St., Portland, Oregon. (51). K
♦Rockwell, Gen. Alfred P., Manchester, Mass. (10). 1882. E
Rockwood, Charles G., 70 South nth St., Newark, N. J. (36).
♦Rockwood, Prof. Charles G., Jr., 34 Bayard Lane, Princeton,
N.J. (20). X874. ABDE
Rockwood, Elbert W., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology,
College of Medicine, State University of Iowa, Iowa City,
Iowa. (50). C K
Rodman, Charles S., M. D., Waterbury, Conn. (51). K
Roe, Edward Drake, Jr., Professor of Mathematics, Sjrracuse
University, Syracuse, N. Y. (50). A
Roessler, Franz, 39 High St., Perth Amboy, N. J. (39).
Roever, William Henry, 64 Kirkland St., Cambridge, Mass. (53). A
Rogers, Miss Anne Fuller, 126 Newbury St., Boston, Mass. (52). F
Rogers, Edward L., 71 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50).
(155)
IIBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
Rogers, Howard J., Chief of Department of Education and Director
of International Congresses, Universal Exposition, St. Louis,
Mo. (52).
Rogers, John T., M. D., 5th and St. Peter Sts., *'Lowry Arcade,"
St. Paul, Minn. (51). K
♦Rolfs, Peter H., Tropical Laboratory U. S. Department Agri-
culture, Miami, Fla. (41). 1899. G
Rollins, William Herbert, M. D., 250 Marlborough St., Boston,
Mass. (50). B K
*Rominger, Dr. Carl, Ann Arbor, Mich. (21). 1879. E
Roney, Wm. R., Mechanical Engineer, 10 Bridge St., New York,
N. Y. (51). D
♦Root, Hon. Elihu, New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. I
Rorer, James Birch, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(51). e
Rorer, Jonathan T., Ph. D., Central High School, Philadelphia,
Pa. (47).
♦Rosa, Edward Bennett, Bureau of Standards, U. S. Department
of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (39). 1892. A B
Rose, Joseph Nelson, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
(sa)- e
Rose, Lewis H., Associate Prof., Chemistry and Physics, Univ.
of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. (52). B C
Rosenau, Milton J., M.D., Director Hygienic Laboratory, U. S.
Public Health and Marine Hospital Service, Washington, D. C.
(51). K
Rosenthal, Edwin, M. D., 517 Pine St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). K
Ross, Bennett Battle, Professor of Chemistry, Alabama Poly-
technic Institute, Auburn, Ala. (45). C
Ross, Denman Waldo, Ph .D., 24 Craigie St., Cambridge, Mass. (29).
Ross, F. G., Civil Engineer, Farmers' Bank Building, Pittsburg,
Pa. (51). D
♦Rotch, A. Lawrence, Director of Blue Hill Meteorological Obser-
vatory, Hyde Park, Mass. (39). 1896. B
Rotch, T. M., M. D., 197 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, Mass. (51).
K
Roth, Filibert, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(39). F
Rothe, Wm. G., 481 Halsey St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (43).
Rothermel, John J., Teacher of Physics, Eastern High School,
Washington, D. C. (51). B
Rothschild, Jacob, Hotel Majestic, New York, N. Y. (50).
Rotzell, W. E., M. D., Narberth, Pa. (45). F H
Rowe, Jesse Perry, Professor of Physics and Geology, University
of Montana, Missoula. Montana. (52). BE
(156)
IfBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
*Rowlee, W. W., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. (41). 1894. G
Roy, Arthur J., C. E., First Assistant, Dudley Observatory^
Albany, N. Y. (50). A
Rucker, Miss Augusta, University of Texas, Austin, Texas. (51).
Ruddick, William H., M. D., So. Boston, Mass. (51). F K
Ruedemann, Rudolf, Ph. D., Paleontologist New York State
Museum, 161 Yates St., Albany, N. Y. (52). E F
Ruete, Otto M., Ph. D., Analytical and Consulting Chemist, 721
Bluff St., Dubuque, Iowa. (51). C E
Rufiin, Sterling, M. D., Professor of Theory and Practice of Medi-
cine, Columbian University, 1023 Vermont Ave., Washington,
D.C. (52). K
Ruland, Frederick D., M. D., Westport, Conn. (51). B C K
Ruland, M. A., 53 Linden Ave., Flatbush, Brooklyn, N. Y. (43).
Rumbold, Miss Caroline, Special Agent, U. S. Department of Agri-
culture, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo. (53). 6
Running, Theodore R., Ph. D., 935 Greenwood Ave., Ann Arbor,
Mich. (50). A
Rupp, August, A. B., College of City of New York, New York,.
N. Y. (35).
Ruppersberg, Miss Emma A., 842 South High St., Columbus,.
Ohio. (48). B
Ruppert, G. E., 5 West 86th St., New York, N. Y. (53). G
♦Rusby, Henry H., M. D., 115 West 68th St., New York, N. Y*
(36). 1890. 6
Russak, Frank, 19 East 65th St., New York, N. Y. (50). I
Russell, A. H., Lieut. Col. U. S. A., Chief Ordnance Officer, Div»
of Philippines, Manila, P. I. (38). D
Russell, Herbert Edwin, Professor of Mathematics, University
of Denver. University Park, Colo. (50). A
♦Russell, Prof. H. L., University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (41).
1894. 6
♦Russell, Israel C, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (25).
1882. E
♦Russell, James E., Dean of Teachers* College, West 120th St,,.
New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. H I
Russell, John B., Superintendent of Schools, Wheaton, III.
(51). c
♦Rutter, Frank Roy, Ph. D., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (47). 1900. I
♦Ryan, Harris J., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (38). 1890. B
♦Rydberg, Dr. Per Axel, N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bronx Park,
New York. N. Y. (49). 1901. fi
♦Sabine, Wallace Clement, 40 Shepard St., Cambridge, Mass. (47).
1900. B
(•57)
MBIIBBRS AND FELLOWS.
♦Sachs, B., M. D.. 21 E. 65th St., New York, N. Y. (49). 1903. K
Sackett, Miss Eliza D., Cranford, N. J. (35). F H
Sackett, Robert L., C. E., Professor of Applied Mathematics and
Astronomy, Earlham College, Richmond, Ind. (50). A
Sackett, Walter George, Baptist Female University, Raleigh.
N. C. (52). F G
♦Sadtler, Saml. P., Ph. D., LL.D., Consulting Chemist, N, E. comer
Tenth and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). 1903. C
♦SaegmuUer, G. N., 132 Maryland Ave., S.W., Washington, D. C.
(38). 1891. A B
Sage, John Hall, Portland, Conn. (23). F
Sager, Fred. Anson, Asst. Professor of Physics, University of
Illinois, Urbana, III. (50). B
♦St.John, Prof. Charles E., 1 25 Elm St., Oberlin, Ohio. (46). 1900. B
St. John, Howell W., P. O. Box 913, Hartford, Conn. (49). I
Salath6. Frederick, Ph. D., General Superintendent, Penna. Oil
& Gas Co., Casper, Wyoming. (51). C
Sale, Rev. Samuel, 4010 West Bell St., St. Louis. Mo. (53). I
♦Salisbury, Prof. R. D., Chicago University, Chicago, 111. (37).
1890. B E
♦Salmon, Daniel E., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(31). 1885. F
Sander, Dr. Enno, St. Louis, Mo. (27). C
♦Sanderson, E. Dwight, Prof, of Entomology, Agric. and Mech.
College, College Station, Texas, (so)- 1903- f
Sando, Will J., Manager International Steam Pump Co., 120
Liberty St., New York, N. Y. (51), E
Sands, Wm. Hupp, M. D., Fairmont, W. Va. (51). K
Sanes, K. I., M. D., 1636 5th Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). K
♦Sanford, E. C, Professor of Psychology, Clark University, Wor-
cester, Mass. (49). 1902. H I
♦Sanford, Fernando, Professor of Physics, Stanford University,
Cal. (50). 1901. B
Sardeson, Frederick William, Ph. D., Instructor in Geology,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (50). E
Sargent, Ara Nathaniel, M. D., 116 Federal St., Salem, Mass. (51).
K
♦Sargent, Dudley Allen, M. D., Director of the Hemenway Gym-
nasium, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (47). 1899. H
Sargent, Porter Edward, 105 Lexington Ave., Cambridge, Mass.
(52). F
Satterfield, David Junkin, D. D., President of Scotia Seminary,
Concord, N. C. (50). I
Satterlee, F. LeRoy, M. D., 8 W. i8th St., New York, N. Y.
(50). K
(158)
MBMBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
*Saunders, A. P., Ph. D., Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y. (4S).
1900. C
"CSaunders, Charles £., Ph. D., Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa, Canada. (41). 1895. ^
Saunders, Edward W., M. D.» 3003 Lafayette Ave., St. Louie. Mo.
(si). K
Saunders, P. A,, Ph. D., Instructor in Physics, Syracuse Uni-
versity, Syracuse, N. Y. (48). B
Saunders, Dr. James, Lock Box 147, Orange, Texas. (53).
♦Saunders, William, LL.D., F. R. S. C, F. L. S., Canadian Experi-
mental Farms, Ottawa, Canada. (17). 1874. F
Saunders, Wm. H., 1407 F St., N.W., Washington, D. C. {52). I
Savage, Thomas E., Assistant State Geologist, Iowa Geological
Survey, Des Moines, Iowa. (52). E F 6
♦Savage, Watson L., M. D., Director of the Gymnasium of Columbia
University, Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y. (51). 1902. K
♦Saville, Marshall H., Amer. Mus. Nat. History, Central Park,
New York, N. Y. (39). 1892. H
Sawyer, Edward, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, Newton, Mass.
(sO. D
♦Sayre, Robert H., South Bethlehem, Pa. (28). 1899. D
Scaife, Walter B., care A. W. Elford, Catania, Sicily. (49). I
Scaife, William Lucien, 28th St., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). B 6
♦ScHABBBRLB, J. M., $02 Sccond St., Ann Arbor, Mich. (34)
1886. A
Schaeffer, Henri N. P., P. O. Box 676, Manchester, N. H
(46). C
ScHAPPBR, Mrs. Mary Towksbnd Sharpless, 1309 Arch St.
Philadelphia, Pa. (38). E F
♦Schaffner, John H., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. (48)
1899. G
Schaller, Waldemar T., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C
(S3). E
Scharar, Christian H., 2073 N. Main Ave., Scranton, Pa. (33)
ADEN
Schefder, Frederick A., Mechanical and Electrical Engineer, Box
233, Glen Ridge, N. J. (50). D
Schenck, Charles C, Ph. D., McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
(51). B
Scherf, C. Harry, 114 Marietta St., Burlington, Iowa. (53). F
ScHERMERHORN, F. AuG., loi University Place, New York, N. Y.
(36).
ScH^RMBRHORN, Wm. C, 49 West 23d St., New York, N. Y.
(36).
Schernikow, Ernest, P. O. Box 1191, New York, N. Y. (49).
(159)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
f Schiafiino, Mariano L., Chief Electrical Engineer, "Campania de
Luz de Guadalajara," Bel en 2, Apartado 260, Guadalajara,
Mexico. (50). D
Schiedt, Richard Conrad, Professor of Biology, Franklin and
Marshall College, Lancaster, Pa. (50V F
Schieffelin, Eugene, 865 Madison Ave., New York. N. Y. (50).
Schiertz, Ferdinand Alfred, Rosario Mines, Ltd., Guadalupe y
Calvo, Estado de Chihuahua, Mexico. (50). D E
Schiff, Jacob H., P. O. Box 1193, New York, N. Y. (49).
Schirmer, Gustave, 117 E. 35th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Schlesinger, Frank, Yerkes' Observatory, Williams Bay, Wis.
(51). 1902. A
Schlichting, Emil, Analytical Chemist, 61 Hicks St., Brooklyn.
N. Y. (50). C
♦Schlotterbeck, Julius O., 13 19 Israel Hall Ave., Ann Arbor, Mich.
(46). 1899. S
♦Schmeckebier, Lawrence Frederick. Ph. D., U. S. Geol. Survey,
Washington, D. C. (50). 1902. E I
Schmid, Dr. H. Ernest, White Plains, N. Y. (25).
Schmitt, A. Emil. M. D., 103 East 60th St., The Palermo, New
York. N. Y. (50). K
Schmitt, Ewald, 311 Florida Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(sO.
Schmticker, Samuel Christian, Ph. D., Professor of Biology. Nor-
mal School, West Chester, Pa. (53). F 6
Schober, Wm. Bush, Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa.
(52). c
Schobinger, John J., Morgan Park, 111. (34). B
♦SchCney, L., M. D., St. James Court, 143d St. and 7th Ave., New
York, N. Y. (29). 1900. F
Schoonhoven, John J., 34 Second Place, Brooklyn. N. Y. (52), 6
Schuchert, Charles, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
(52). E F
Schuette, J. H., Green Bay, Wis. (34). B E F
Schultz, Carl H., 430-444 First Ave., bet. 25th and 26th Sts.,
New York, N. Y. (29).
Schultz, Louis G., Coast and Geodetic Survey, Magnetic Observa-
tory, Chiltenham, Md. (52). B
♦Schurman, Jacob Gould, LL.D., President Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y. (49)- 1901-
Schuyler, Philip, Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y. (49).
Schwab, Dr. Sidney I., 4393 Westminster Place, St. Louis, Mo.
(52). K
*Schwarz, E. A., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (29). 1895. F
(160)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
"^Schwatt, Isaac Joachim, Assistant Professor of Mathematics,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (51). 1902. A
♦Schweitzer, Paul; Professor of Chemistry, State Univ. of Missouri,
Columbia, Mo. (24). 1877. B C
Scofield, Carl S., Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(52). G
Scott, Prof. Arthur William, St. David's College, Lampeter, S,
Wales, England. (46). A B
♦Scott, Charles P., Westinghouse Electric and Mfg. Co., Pittsburg,
Pa. (48). 1900. B
Scott, W. M., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (50). F
Scovel, Edward C, Rosebud, S. Dak. (52).
♦ScovELL, M. A., Director and Chemist, Agricultural Experiment
Station, Lexington, Ky. (35). 1887. C
Scripture, Arthur M., Principal of High School, New Hartford,
N. Y. (51). D
♦Scripture, E. W., Yale University, New Haven, Conn. (46). 1901.
H
♦ScuDDBR, Samuel H., Cambridge, Mass. (13). 1874. F
♦Scull, Miss Sarah A., Smethport, Pa. (40). 1895. H
Seal, Alfred Newlin, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry, Girard Col-
lege, Philadelphia, Pa. (50). B C
Seaman, Arthur Edmimd, Professor of Geology and Mineralogy,
Michigan College of Mines, Houghton, Mich. (53). E
♦Seaman, W. H., Chemist, 1424 nth St. N.W., Washington, D. C.
(23). 1874. CF
Searle, Frederick Edwards, Detroit University School, Detroit,
Mich. (52). B
♦Searle, Prof. George M., Paulist Fathers, 415 West 59th St., New
York, N. Y. (39). 1891. A
.Sears, Edward H., CoUinsville, Conn. (50). D I
Sears, Frederick Edmund, St. Paul's School, Concord, N. H. (47).
C E
Sears, Dr. Henry Francis, Beverly, Mass. (50).
♦Seashore, Carl E., Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. (49). 1902. H
Seawell, Benjamin Lee, Teacher of Biology, State Normal School,
Warrensburg, Mo. (50). F
Secor, William Lee, Academia, Ohio. (52). C
Sedgwick, Howard M., M. D., 512 Woolner Bldg., Peoria, Illinois.
(S2). B C K
♦Sedgwick, William Thompson, Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, Boston, Mass. (47). 1898. F G
♦See, Horace, i Broadway, New York, N. Y. (34). 1886. D
See, James W., M. E., Opera House, Hamilton, Ohio. (51). D
♦See, Prof. T. J. J., Observatory, Mare Island, Cal. (48). 1901. A
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
Segerblotn, Wilhelm, Professor of Chemistry, Phillips Exeter
Academy, Exeter, N. H. (53). C
♦Selby, Augustine Dawson, Agric. Expcr. Station, Wooster, Ohio.
(44). 1900. G
Seligman, Isaac N., Mills Building, New York, N. Y. (49).
Sellers, James Freeman, Prof, of Chemistry, Mercer University,
Macon. Ga. (50). C
Sellers, William, 1600 Hamilton St., Philadelphia, Pa. (sx)-
Sercombe, Parker H., Banker, la Calle San Francisco, No. 8,
City of Mexico, Mexico. (51). H
Serrell, Gen. Edward Wellman, C. E., Forest Ave., West New
Brighton, N. Y. (50). BCD
Serviss, Garrett P., 8 Middagh St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (s^).
Sessinghaus, Gustavus, E. M., 1360 Columbine St., Denver, Colo.
(.so). E
Sever, George F., Electrical Engineer, Broadway and 117th St.,
New York, N. Y. (49). B
Seymour, George Steele, 17 Battery Place, New York, N. Y.
(51)- BC
♦Seymour, Paul Henry, 245 East 6ist St., Chicago, 111. (44). 1896.
C
Shafer, John A., Custodian of the Museums, N. Y. Botanical Gar-
den, Bronx Park, New York, N. Y. (51). G
Shaflfner, Samuel C, Supt. Electric Lighting Co., Mobile, Ala. (50).
C D
Shamel, Archibald D., 1227 Princeton St., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (52). G
♦Shantz, Homer LeRoy, 1420 Vino St., Lincoln. Neb. (50). 1903. F
Sharp, Charles Cutler, C. E.. E. M.. President Raven Coal and
Coke Co., Boomer, W. Va. (50). D E
♦Sharp, Dr. Clayton H., 722 Highland Ave., Newark, N. J. (45).
1897.
Sharpe, Benjamin F., Greenwich, N. Y. (50). B
Sharpe, Richard W., Wilmettc, 111. (51). F
Sharpies, Philip Price, A. B., 22 Concord Ave., Cambridge, Mass.
(47). c
♦Sharpies, Stephen P., 26 Broad St., Boston, Mass. (29). 1884. ^
♦Shattuck, Frederick C, M. D., Professor Clinical Medicine,
Harvard Medical College, Boston, Mass. (50). 1901. F K
♦Shattuck, George Burbank, Johns Hopkins University, Balti-
more, Md. (47). 1899. E
♦Shattuck, Samuel Walker, Professor of Mathematics, University
of Illinois, Champaign, 111. (50). 1902. A
Shaw, Dr. Charles Hugh. Ursinus College, College ville, Pa. (52). G
Shaw, Edwin C, M. E., 104 Park St., Akron, Ohio. (50). D
(162)
IfBlfBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
Shaw, Henry Clay, C. E., Glenshaw, Pa. (51). D
Shaw, Henry Lyman, M. D., 19 Commonwealth Ave., Boston*
Mass. (51). K
*Shaw, Walter Robert, Ph. D., Prof, of Botany and Entomology,
Agric. & Mech. College, Stillwater, Okla. Ter. (47). 1902. F G
Shaw, Wilson A., Cashier, Merchants and Manuf. National Bank,
Norwood Ave., cor. Forbes Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). I
Sheafer, a. W., Pottsville, Pa. (28).
♦Shear, Cornelius L., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(49). 1901. Q
Shearer, John Sanford, Instructor in Physics, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y. (52). B
Shedd, John C, Prof, of Physics, Colorado Springs, Colo. (50). A B
Shedd, Solon, Professor of Geology and Mining, Agricultural
College, Pullman, Wash. (50). E
Sheffield, George St. John, Twin Elms Farm, Attleborough, Mass.
(50).
♦Sheldon, John Lewis, Plant Pathologist, W. Va. Agr. Exp. Station,
Morgantown, W. Va. (50). 1903. G
Sheldon, Mrs. J. M. Arms, 18 W. Cedar St., Boston, Mass. (44). F
♦Sheldon, Samuel, Ph. D., Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(42). 1894. B
♦Shelton, Edward M., 2904 Franklin Ave., Seattle, Wash. (32).
1892. F
Shepherd, Miss Elizabeth, 353 W. 128th St., New York, N. Y.
(39).
Shepherd, Frank I., University Station, Los Angeles, Cal. (48). C
Sheppard, Hon. Morris, Member of Congress, Texarkana, Texas.
Sherman, Franklin, Jr., State Entomologist, Raleigh, N. C. ^50). F
Sherman, Henry Clapp, Instructor in Analytical Chemistry, Col-
umbia University, New York, N. Y. (51). C
Sherman, Lewis, M. D., 448 Jackson St., Milwaukee, Wis. (50). F K
Sherwood-Dunn, B., M. D., Easton, Pa. (s^)- ^
Shibley, George H., 53 Bliss Building, W^ashington, D. C. (53). I
Shidy, Leland P., Coast and Geodetic Survey Office, Washington,
D. C. (52). G
Shiland, Andrew, Jr., 262 W. 78th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Shimek, Bohumil, Professor of Botany, State University, Iowa
City, Iowa. (52). 1903. E G
Shi mer, HerveyWoodburn, Instructor in Geology, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass. (53). E
♦Shimer, Porter W., E. M., Ph. D., Easton, Pa. (38). 1889. C
Shinn, Charles Howard, Head Forest Ranger, Northfork, Cal.
(so). F G
(163)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Shrader, John Clinton, M. D., LL.D., President Iowa State Board
of Health, Iowa City, Iowa. (50). F K
Shropshire, Walter, M. D., Yoaktira, Texas. (50). F K
ShuU, George Harrison, Assistant in Botany, University of Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (53). G
Shultz, Charles S., President, Hoboken Bank for Savings, Hoboken^
N. J. (31). F
Shurly, E. L., M. D., 32 Adams Ave.. West Detroit, Mich. (51). K
Shurtleff, Eugene, M. D., 73 Hancock St.. Dorchester, Mass
(52). K
Shute, D. K., M. D., iioi 13th St., N.W., Washington. D. C. (50).
F I K
♦Shutt, Frank T., F. E. C, F. C. S., Dominion Experimental Farms..
Ottowa, Canada. (47). 1898. C
*Sias, Solomon, M. D., Schoharie, N. Y. (10). 1874. K
Sickels, Ivin, M. D., 17 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. (50). F K
Siedenbiirg, Frederic, Professor of Physics, St. Louis University,
Grand Ave. and Pine St., St. Louis, Mo. (53). B
Siemon, Rudolf, 22 East Jefferson St., Fort Wayne, Ind. (40). A F
♦Sigsbee, Charles D., Rear Admiral, U. S. N., Navy Department^
Washington, D. C. (28). 1882. D E
Silloway, Perley Milton, Principal of High School, Lewiston^
Montana. (51). F
Silver, Elmer E., 221 Columbus Avenue, Boston. Mass. (52).
Silvester, Richard W., President Maryland Agricultural College^
College Park, Md. (50). G
♦Simon, Dr. Wm., 1348 Block St., Baltimore, Md. (29). 1895. C
♦Simonds, Prof. Frederic W., University of Texas, Austin, Texas.
(25). 1888. E F
Simpson, Charles Baird, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria^
Transvaal, S. Africa. (52). F G
Simpson, Friench, Jr., Columbus, Texas. (50). F H K
Simpson, Jesse Pickrell, M. D., Palmer, 111. (51). K
Simpson, John Crayke, M. D., Govt. Hospital for the Insane^
Washington, D. C. (51). K
Sinclair, Alexander Grant, M. D., Memphis Hospital Medical
College, Memphis, Tenn. (52). K
Sinclair, Cephas Hempstone, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Wash-
ington, D. C. A
Singer, George Park, 545 W. Church St., Lock Haven, Pa. (50). B-
Sirrine, F. Atwood, no New York Ave., Jamaica, N. Y. (44). F
Six, William Lewis, Philippi. W. Va. (53). D
Skeel, Frank D., M. D., 58 East asth St., New York, N. Y. (50).
F K
Skiff, F.J. v., Director, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, 111. (43)-
C164)
MBMBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
■♦Skinner. Aaron Nichols, U. S. Naval Observatory, Washington,
D. C. (40). 1893. A
♦Skinner, Clarence A., Ph. D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln,
Neb. (48). 1903. B
Skinner, Clarence Edward, M. D., Physician in Charge, The Newhope
Hot Air Sanitarium, 67 Grove St.. New Haven, Conn. (51). K
♦Skinner, Henry, M. D., 716 N. 20th St.. Philadelphia, Pa. (47).
1902. F K
Skinner, James Dudley, 823 E. 14th Ave., Denver, Colo. (50). B D
Slade, Elisha, Somerset, Mass. (29). F
Slagle, Robert Lincoln, Ph. D., President, State School of Mines,
Rapid City, S. D. (50). C E
♦Slichter, Charles S., Professor of Applied Mathematics, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (51). 1902. A
♦Slingerland, Mark Vernon, Assistant Professor of Economic
Entomology. Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (50). 1901. F
Slipher, V. M., Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona. (52). A
Slocum, Chas. E., M. D., Defiance, Ohio. (34). F Q H
Slocum, Frederick, Ph. D., Ladd Observatorv, Providence, R. I.
(47).
Slonaker, J. Rollin, Stanford University, Cal. (49). F
♦Slosson, Edwin E., Professor of Chemistry, University of Wyo-
ming. Laramie, Wyoming. (50). 1901. C
♦Small, John Ktmkel, N. Y. Botanical Garden, Bedford Park, New
York, N. Y. (44). 1902. Q
Smallwood, Miss Mabel Elizabeth, 430 West Adams St., Chicago,
111. (52). F
♦Smallwood, Martin, Syracuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. (50).
1903. E F
SmilUe, Thomas W., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
(40). F
♦Smith, Prof. Albert W., Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland,
Ohio. (47). 1900. C
♦Smith, Alexander, Ph. D., University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.
(40). 1892. C
Smith, Alice Maude, M. D., 327 North G St., Tacoma, Wash.
(53). K
Smith, Allen J., M. D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pa. (47). H
Smith, Alton Lincoln, Asst. Prof., Drawing and Machine Design,
Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Mass (52) D
Smith, Mrs. Annie Morrill, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (49). G
Smith, Arthur, 152 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (50). Q
Smith, Arthur George, Assistant Professor of Mathematics, State
University, Iowa City, Iowa. (50). A
(165)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOW8.
Smith. Arthur Whitmorc, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Mich. (44). B
♦Smith, Charles J., 35 Adelbert St.. Cleveland, Ohio. (32). 1885. A B
♦Smith, Prof. Edgar F., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
Pa. (33). 1891. C
♦Smith, Erastus G., Ph. D., Director Beloit Sanitary Laboratory,
Beloit, Wis. (34). 1887. C
♦Smith, Ernest Ellsworth, 26 East 29th St., New York, N. Y. (43).
1898. F K
♦Smith, Erwin P., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (34).
T890. G
Smith, Eugene, C. E., 317 Washington St., Hoboken, N. J. (50). B
♦Smith, Prof. Eugene Allen, State Geologist, University, Ala. (20).
1877. C E
Smith, E. R., M. D., Toledo, Iowa. (51). K
Smith, Felix Ezell, Superintendent of Schools, Victoria, Texas.
(51). Fe
♦Smith, Frank, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111. (49). 1900. F
Smith, George Otis, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(52). E.
♦Smith, Harlan I., Amer. Mus. Nat. History', Central Park, New
York, N. Y. (41). 1896. H
♦Smith, Harold B., Professor of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic
Institute, Worcester, Mass. (43). 1898. D
Smith, Harvey F., Attorney at Law, Clarksburg, W. Va. (50). I
Smith, Herbert S. S., Professor of Applied Mechanics, Princeton
University, Princeton, N. J. (29). D
Smith, Hugh M., Bureau of Fisheries, U. S. Dept. Commerce and
Labor, Washington, D. C. (52). F
Smith, Miss J. Angelina, Hopedale, Mass. (45). E
Smith, J. C, 131 Carondelet St., New Orleans, La. (48).
Smith, James Edward, Supt. of Schools, Llano, Texas. (52). k
Smith, Prof. J. F., President Commercial College, Dallas, Texas.
(52). I
Smith, James Hervey, 217 North Central Ave., Chicago, 111. (40).
♦Smith Jared G., Hawaiian Experiment Station, Honolulu,
T. H. (47). 1901. G
Smith, Miss Jennie M., 40 Library Place, Allegheny, Pa. (50).
A F
♦Smith, John B., Ph. D.. Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J.
(32). 1884. F
Smith, Joseph R., M. D., LL.D., Colonel and Assistant Surgeon
General, U. S. A., 2300 De Lancey St., Philadelphia, Pa. (43).
Smith, Lee H., M. D., 663 Main St., Buffalo, N. Y. (51). H
Smith, Miss Matilda H., 40 Library Place, Allegheny, Pa. (50). k
(166)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Smith, Matthew Mann, M. D.. Austin, Texas. (50). F K
Smith, Middleton, 1616 19th St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52).
Smith, Philip Sidney, 23 Felton Hall, Cambridge, Mass. (47). E
♦Smith, Q. Cincinnatus, M. D., 617 Colorado St., Austin, Texas.
(26). 1881. K
Smith, Thomas A., Professor of Mathematics and Physics, Beloit
College, Beloit, Wis. (50). A B
Smith, T. Guilford, Civil Engineer, Regent University, State of
New York, Buffalo, N. Y. (50). D
Smith, Warren Rufus, Instructor in Chemistry, Lewis Institute,
Chicago. 111. (52). C
♦Smith, William Benjamin, Professor of Mathematics, Tulane
University, New Orleans, La. (50). 1901. A
Smith, Wm. Lincoln, Consulting Electrical and Illuminating
Engineer, Concord, Mass. (47). D
Smith, William Sidney Tangier, Ph. D., Berkeley, Cal. (50). E
Smith. William T., M. D., Prof, of Physiology and Dean of Dart-
mouth Medical School, Hanover, N. H. (51). K
♦Smock, Prof. John Conover, State Geologist, Trenton, N. J. (23).
1879. E
Smoot, Edgar Kenneth, Engineer and Contractor, D. F., 79 Paseo
de la Reforma, City of Mexico, Mexico. (51). 0
Smyth, Bernard Bryan, Librarian and Secretary of the Academy
of Science, Topeka, Kansas. (51). G
♦Smyth, C. H., Jr., Clinton, N. Y. (38). 1894. E
♦Sneath. E. Hershey, Professor of Philosophy, Yale University,
New Haven, Conn. (51). 1902. H
Snedaker, James Angus, Mining Engineer, 850 Equitable Bldg.,
Denver, Colo. (50). D
Snelling, Charles Mercer, Junior Professor of Mathematics, Uni-
versity of Georgia, Athens, Ga. (50). A
Sneve, Haldor, M. D., Lowry Arcade, St. Paul, Minn. (51). K
Snook, H. Clyde, Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Allegheny
College, Meadville, Pa. (50). B C
Snow, Charles Carleton, 1737 9th St.,N.W., Washington, D. C.
(52).
♦Snow, Benjamin W., 518 Wisconsin Ave., Madison, Wis. (35).
1889. B
♦Snow F. H., LL. D., Professor of Natural History, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. (29). 1881. EF
Snow, Walter B., 29 Russell Ave., Watertown, Mass. (53). D
Snyder, Fred. D., M. D., 10 Center St., Ashtabula, Ohio. (51).
E F H
♦Snyder, Prof. Harry, 2090 Dooley Ave., Saint Anthony Park,
Minn. (44). 1897- C
(167)
ICBMBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
Snyder, Miss Lillian, Lafayette, Ind. (47). G
•Snyder, Prof. Monroe B., Philadelphia Astronomical Observa-
tory, Philadelphia, Pa. (24). 1882. A B
Snyder, Nathaniel Marion, Electrical Engineer, Gering, Neb.
(so). B D
Snyder, William E., M. E., 510 E. North Ave., Allegheny, Pa. (51).
D
Snyder, Zachariah Xenophon, President State Normal School,
Greeley, Colo. (50). F
Sollmann, Torald, M. D., Assistant Professor of Pharmacology,
Western Reserve Med. College, Cleveland, Ohio. (52). K
Soper, George A., Ph. D., 29 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (46). C
♦Soule, R. H., 917 Seventh Ave., New York, N. Y. (33). 1886. D
♦Soule, William, Ph. D., Mount Union Coll., Alliance, Ohio. (33).
1899. B C E
Southall. James P. C, Professor of Physics, Alabama Polytechnic
Institute, Auburn, Ala. (51). B
Souvielle, Mathieu, M. D., Box 355, Jacksonville, Fla. (36).
B E F
Souvielle, Mrs. Mathieu, Box 355, Jacksonville, Fla. (24). A B F
♦Spalding, Frederick P., Professor of Civil Engineering, Univ. of
Missouri, Columbia, Mo. (46). 1899. ^
♦Spalding, Volney M., Ph. D., Professor of Botany, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (51). 1902. G
Spangler, Harry Allen, M. D., Carlisle, Pa. (51). K
Spaulding, Edward G., Ph. D., College of the City of New York,
New York. N. Y. (50). I
Spaidding, Perley, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Lottis, Mo.
(52). G .
Spayd, Henry Howard, Principal of Schools, Minersville, Pa.
(52). B E K
Spear, Gen. Ellis, 1601 Laurel Ave., Mt. Pleasant, D. C. (52). D
Spence, Harold C. E.. Mining Engineer, Denver, Colo. (53). E
Spencer, Arthur Coe, U. S. Geological Survev, Washington, D. C.
(52). E
♦Spencer, Prof. J. W., 1718 21st St. N.W., Washington, D. C. (a8).
1882. E
♦Spbnzbr. John G., M. D., 116 Rose Bldg., Ci«jveland, Ohio. (37).
1895. C
Sperry, Elmer A., Electrical Engineer, 366-388 Massachusetts
Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (51). D
♦Speyers, Clarence Livingston, Professor of Physical Chemistry,
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, N. J. (50). 1901. C
Spicer, Walter E., M. D., 312 West 51st St., New York, N. Y. (51).
K
(168)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
. Spiegelhalter, Dr. Joseph, 2166 Lafayette Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
(47). E
Spillman,Wm. Jasper, U. S. Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. (s*). G
♦Spinney, L. B., Iowa State College, Ames, Iowa. (42). 1897. B
Spofford, Paul N., P. O. Box 1667. New York, N. Y. (36).
Spohn, Arthur Edward, M. D., Corpus Christi, Texas. (50). F K
Spragiie, C. C, 1900 Locust St., St. Louis, Mo. (50).
Sprague, C. H., Maiden, Mass. (29).
Sprague, Robert James, Knox College, Galesburg, 111. (53). I
Sprigg, Wm. Mercer, M. D., 1015 i6th St., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (52). K
♦Springer, Dr. Alfred, 312 E. 2d St., Cincinnati, Ohio. (24). 1S80. C
Springsteen, Harry W.. Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, Md.
(49). A B
Squibb. Charles F., Bemardsville, N. J. (43).
Squibb, Edward Hamilton, M. D., 148 Columbia Heights. Brook-
lyn. N. Y. (41). F K
Stackpole, Miss Caroline E., Teacher of Physics and Chemistry,
State Normal School, Plattsburgh, N. Y. (53). B C F G
Stackpole, Morrill D., Genl. Supt. Overland Gold Mining Co.,
Sunshine, Utah. (50). E
Stahley, George D., M. D., Gettsyburg, Pa. (47). F G
Stair, Leslie Dalrymple, 1062 E. Madison Ave., Cleveland, Ohio.
(52). G
Stanislas, Sister M.. St. Francis Academy, Joliet. 111. (53). I
Stanley, William, Great Barrington, Mass. {50).
Stanley- Brown, Joseph, 128 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (52).
Stanton, Frank McMillan, E. M., Agent of Atlantic, Baltic
and Central Mining Co.'s Atlantic Mine, Mich. (51). D E
Stanton, John R., 11 and 13 William St., New York, N. Y.
(49)-
Stanton, Robert Brewster, Civil and Mining Engineer, 66 Broad-
way, New York, N. Y. (51). D
*Stanton, Timothy W., Paleontologist, U. S. Geological Survey,
Washington. D. C. (50). 1902. E
Starks, Edwin Chapin, Curator and Instructor, Department of
Zoology, Stanford University, Cal. (50). F
Starr, Elmer G., M. D., 523 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y. (50).
F K
"♦Starr, Frederick, Ph. D., University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (36).
1892. E H
*Starr. M. Allen, M. D., 5 West S4th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
1901. K
Starrett, M. G., 349 W. 85th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Stauffer, Rev. Thomas F., 200 nth St., Sioux City, Iowa. (51). I
C169)
MBMBBRS AND FBLL0W8.
Stearns, H. D., Associate Professor of Physics, Stanford Univer-
sity, Cal. (53). B
♦Steams, Robert 'E. C, Ph. D., 1025 East Eighteenth St., Los
Angeles, Cal. (18). 1874. F
Stearns, Theron C, M. D., Consulting Chemist, 44 Montgomery
St., Jersey City, N. J. (49).
Steams, Thomas B., Mining Engineer, 1720 California St., Denver,
Colo. (50). D E
Stebbins, Miss Fannie A., 480 Union St., Springfield, Mass. (44).
FQ
Steensland, Halbert Severin, M. D., College of Medicine, Syra-
cuse University, Syracuse, N. Y. (50). F K
Steer, Justin, M. D., Medical Department, Washington Uni-
versity, St. Louis, Mo. (50). F K
♦Steiger, George, Chemical Laboratory, U. S. Geol. Survey, Wash-
ington, D. C. (40). 1 90 1. B C E
Stein, Dr. Simon G., Muscatine, Iowa. (43).
Steinbach, Lewis W., M. D., 1309 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, P«.
(51). K
Steiner, Roland, Ph. D., Grovetown, Ga. (48). H
♦Steinmetz, Charles Proteus, General Electric Co., Schenectady^
N. Y. (40). 1895. B
Stein wand, O. W., M. D., Selma, Cal. (52). K
♦Stejneger, Leonhard, Curator of Dept. of Reptiles, U. S. National
Museum, Washington, D. C. (40). 1892. F
Stellwagen, Thos. C, M. D., Prof. Physiology, Philadelphia
Dental College, 1328 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). K
Stephens, Henry Matthew, Professor of Biology, Dickinson Col-
lege, Carlisle, Pa. (50). F G
♦Stbphbns, W. Hudson, Lowville, N. Y. (18). 1874. E H
Stern, Philip Kossuth, Consulting Mechanical and Electrical
Engineer, 130 Fulton St., New York, N. Y. (50). B D
Sternberg, Charles Hazelius, Lawrence, Kansas (50). E F
♦Sternberg, Gen. George M., M. D., LL. D., U. S. A., War Depart-
ment, Washington, D. C. (24), 1880. F
Sterne, Albert E., M. D., **Norways," Indianapolis, Ind. (51). K
Stetson, George R., 144 1 Mass. Ave., N.W., Washington, D. C.
(49). H I
Steuart, Arthur, 951 Equitable Building. Baltimore, Md. (48). C
Stevens, Cyrus Lee, M. D., Secy, of the Medical Society of the
State of Pa., Athens, Pa. (51). K
Stevens, Edward Lawrence, Associate City Superintendent of
Schools, 59th St. and Park Ave., New York, N. Y. (52).
♦Stevens, Frank L., Ph. D., Prof, of Biology, College of Agric. and
Mech. Arts, West Raleigh, N. C. (44). 1899. G
(170)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Stevens, Frederick W., Department of Physics, Lake Forest Uni-
versity, Lake Forest, 111. (50). B
Stevens, George T., M. D., 22 East 46th St., New York, N. Y.
(28). B F
Stevens, James Franklin, M. D., 1136 O St., Lincoln, Neb. (50).
F H K
♦Stevens, James S., The University of Maine, Orono, Me. (48).
1900. B
♦Stevens, Prof. W. LeConte, Washington and Lee University,
Lexington, Va. (29). 1882. B
Stevenson, Francis L., Electrical Engineer, Deering Division, Inter-
national Harvester Co., 79 Lincoln Ave., Chicago, 111. (47). D
♦Stevenson, Prof. John J., University Heights, New York, N. Y.
(36). 1888. E
♦Stevenson, Mrs. Matilda C, Bureau of American Ethnology,
Washington, D. C. (41). 1893. H
Stevenson, Robert, Consulting Civil and Mining Engineer, P. O.
Box 2214, San Francisco, Cal. (50). D E
Stewart, Douglas, Assistant to Director Carnegie Museum, Pitts-
burg, Pa. (50). E
Stewart, Francis Laird. Murrysville, Pa. (51). G
♦Stewart, Fred. Carlton, Botanist, N. Y. Agric. Exper. Station,
Geneva, N. Y. (44). 1901. G
Stewart, George Walter, Professor of Physics, University of North
Dakota, Grand Forks, N. Dak. (52). B
Stewart, J. Clark, M. D.. 1628 5th Ave., So. Minneapolis, Minn.
(SI). K
Stewart, James Henry, Director of W. Va. Agric. Exper. Station,
Morgantown, W. Va. (50). E
♦Stewart, Oscar M., Assist. Professor of Physics, University of
Missouri, Columbia, Mo. (46). 1900. B
Stewart, Ralph Chambers, 1031 Spruce St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
Stewart, Robert W., M. D., The Oritz, Cincinnati, Ohio. (51). K
Stickney, Gardner P., care Oliver C, Fuller & Co., Milwaukee, Wis.
(44). 1901. H
Stickney, Malcom Enos, Instructor in Botany, Denison University,
Granville, Ohio. (S3^- ®
♦Stieglitz, Dr. Julius, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (39).
1895. C
Stieringer, Luther, 129 Greenwich St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Stigall, Bennett Merriman, Teacher of Biology, Manual Training
High School, Kansas City, Mo. (53). G
♦Stiles, Charles Wardell, Ph. D., Hygienic Laboratory, U. S. Public
Health and Marine Hospital Service, Washington, D. C. (40).
1892. F
(171)
MBMBBRS AND FBLLOWS.
Still, George A., 17 16 N. 9th St., Des Moines, Iowa. (50). G
Stillhamer, Arthur G., Ryerson Physical Lab., University of
Chicago, Chicago, 111. (50). B
Stillman, Prof. John M., Stanford University. California. (41).
Stillwell, Lewis Buckley, Park Row Building, New York, N. Y.
(50). B D
♦Stine, Prof. W. M., Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pa. (37).
1900. A G
Stockard, Chas. R., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (52).
Stockton, Charles G., M. D., 436 Franklin St., Buffalo, N. Y.
(51). K
♦Stockwell, JohnN., looSCase Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. (18). 1875. A
Stoddard, George Rowland, M. £., 197 Beacon St., Boston, Mass.
(51). D
Stoeckel, Carl, Norfolk, Conn, (s^)- A E
Stokes, Anson Phelps, 47 Cedar St., New York, N. Y. (50). I
♦Stokes, Henry Newlin, Ph. D., Bureau of Standards, U. S. Dept.
of Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (38). 1891. C E
Stone, Alfred H., 200 A St. S.E., Washington, D. C. (51).
♦Stone, George E., Professor of Vegetable Pathology and Physiol-,
ogy, Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. (48).
1902. G
Stone, Isaac S., M. D., 16 18 Rhode Island Ave., N. W., Washing-
ton, D. C. (52). K
Stone, Miss Isabelle, Ph. D., Instructor in Physics, Vassar Col-
lege, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (50). B
Stone, Julius F., Columbus, Ohio. (48).
Stone, Lincoln R., M. D., Newton, Mass. (31).
Stone, Mason A., 161 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (49).
♦Stone, Ormond, Director Leander McCormick Observatory,
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. (24). 1876. A
Stookey, Lyman Brumbaugh, Ph. D., Pathological Institute,
Ward's Island. New York, N. Y. (53). K
Storer, Norman Wilson, care Westinghouse E. & M. Co., Pitts-
burg, Pa. (50). D
Storey, Thomas Andrew, Assistant Professor of Hygiene, Stan-
ford University, Cal. (52).
Storrs, Lucius S., Geologist, N. P. Ry. Co., St. Paul, Minn. (51). E
♦Story, Prof. Wm. E., Clark University, Worcester, Mass. (29).
1881. A
Stose, George W., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(52). E
♦Stowell, Prof. T. B., Potsdam, N. Y. (28). 1885. F
♦Stradling, George F., Ph. D., 41 14 Parkside Ave., Philadelphia,
Pa. (41). 1900. B
(172)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Stratton, Samuel W., National Bureau of Standards, Washington,
D. C. (52).
Stringham, Irving, Professor of Mathematics, University of Cali-
fornia, Berkeley, Cal. (51). A I
Stromsten, Frank A., 43 University Hall, Princeton, N.J. (52). F
Strong, Edwin A., Department of Physical Sciences, State Nor-
mal School, Ypsilanti, Mich. (46). B
Strong, Frederick F., M. D., 176 Huntington Ave., Boston, Mass.
(47). BCK
Strong, Frederick G., Box 959, Hartford, Conn. (50). D
♦Strong, Oliver S., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (52).
1903. K
Strong, Reuben Myron, Ph. D., Department of Zoology, University
of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (51). F
♦Strong, Wendell M., Tribune Bldg, Chicago. 111. (44). 1S99. AB
Stuart, William, Professor of Horticulture, University of Ver-
mont, Burlington, Vt. (52). G
♦Stubbs, W. C, Ph. D., 4)irector, State Experiment Station,
Audubon Park, New Orleans, La. (40). iqoi. F
Stump, James A., Instructor in Physics, Agricultural College,
Fort Collins. Colo. (50). B
♦Sturgis, Wm. C, 28 E. Columbia St., Colorado Springs, Colo. (40).
1892. G
Stillivan, J. A., 308 Main St., Maiden, Mass. (27). A
Sullivan, John J., M. D., 51 Passaic Ave., Passaic, N. J. (53). K
Summa, Hugo, M. D., Piofessor of Medicine, St. Louis University,
St. Louis, Mo. (53). K
Summers, Henry E., Professor of Zoology, State College, Ames,
Iowa. (50). F
Summers, Joseph, 1 103 E. Broadway, Columbia, Mo. (51). B
Sumner, Francis B., Ph. D., Instructor in Natural History. Col-
lege of the City of New York, New York, N. Y. (51). F
Surface, Harvey Adam, Professor of Zoology, Penna. State
College, State College, Pa. (50). F
Sutton, Jasper G., M. D., Rushsylvania, Ohio. (48). F K
Sutton, William John, Geologist, Esquimalt and Nanaimo Ry.
Co., Victoria, B. C. (50). E
Swain. Prof. Geo. Fillmore, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Boston, Mass. (52). D
Swartzel, Karl D., 318 West 6th Ave., Columbus, Ohio. (48). A
Sweat, Mrs. Margaret J. M., 103 Spring St., Portland, Maine.
(52).
Swensson, Emil, C. E., 551 1 Hays St., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D
Swezey, Goodwin D., Professor of Astronomy and Meteorology.
University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (50). A
(173)
MBMBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
♦Swingle, Walter T., U. S. Dept. Ajrriculture. Washington, D. C.
(40). 1892. G
Swope, Gerard, Manager of the Western Electric Co., 810 Spnice
St., St. Louis, Mo. (51). B D
Taber, G. Major, 508 Laughlin Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. (51). E
Tapt, Elihu B., Burlington, Vt. (36). H
Taggart, Rush, 319 West 7Sth St., New York. N. Y. (49).
♦Tainter, Charles Sumner, care Am. Security and Trust Co., 1405
G St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (29). 1881. A B D
Tainter, Frank Stone, Civil Engineer, Far Hills, N. J. (51). D
Talbot, Arthur N., Professor Structural Engineering, University
of Illinois, Urbana, 111. (51). D
♦Talbot, Henry P., Mass. Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass.
(44). 1896. C
Talbot, Miss Mignon, 134 Howe St., New Haven, Conn. (51). E
Talbott. Mrs. Laura Osborne, The Lenox, 1523 L St., N.W.,
Washington, D. C. (36). F Q I
Tallman, William Duane, Professor of Mathematics, State Col-
lege, Bozeman, Mont. (50). A
Talmage, James Edward, Ph. D., Professor of Geology, Uni-
versity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. (50). E
Tandberg, John P., Instructor in Physics and Chemistry, St.
Olaf College, Northfield. Minn. (50). B C
♦Tanner, Prof. John He.nry, 7 Central St., Ithaca, N.Y. (47).
1899. A B
Tanner, Zera Luther, Commander, U. S. Navy, The Cairo, Wash-
ington, D. C. (52).
♦Tarr, Ralph Stockman, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (49).
T901. E
♦Tatlock, John, Asst. Actuary, N. Y. Mutual Life Ins. Co.. 32
Nassau St., New York, N. Y. (50). 1902. A
Taussig, Albert E., M. D., 2647 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.
(51). K
Taussig, James, Rialto Bldg., St. Louis, Mo. (50). I
♦Taylor, Alonzo Englebert, Professor of Pathology, University
of California. Residence 1809 Broadway, San Francisco, Cal.
(50). 1901. C K
Taylor, Edson Homer, Teacher of Mathematics, Eastern Illinois
State Normal School, Charleston, 111. (53). A
Taylor, Edward B., Pittsburg, Pa. (50). D
♦Taylor, Edward Randolph, Penn Yan, N. Y. (39). 1903. C
♦Taylor, Edward Wyllys, M. D., Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Mass. (50). 1902. K
♦Taylor, Frank B., 391 Fairfield Ave., Fort Wayne, Ind. (39).
1897.
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Taylor, Henry Ling, M. D., 125 W. 58th St.. New York. N. Y.
(49).
Taylor, Henry W.. Chief Engineer. H. R.. Box 483. House of Rep-
resentatives. Washington, D. C. (52). D
Tavlor, H. Longstreet. M. D.. 75 Lowry Arcade, St. Paul, Minn.
"(-;iV K
Taylor, J. Erskine, M. D., Rockland, Pa. (51). K
Taylor, James Landon, M. D., Whcelersburg, Ohio. (51). K
♦Tavlor, James M., Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y. (33). 1901.
A D
Tavlor, Lewis H., M. D., 83 S. Franklin St., Wilkes-Barre, Pa,
Taylor. Robert S., Box 2019. Fort Wayne, Ind. (^q).
Taylor, Wm. Alton, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (52). G
Tays, Eugene Aug. Hoffman, C. E., E. M., Manager, Maconi- Doctor
Mines and Smelters, Maconi. Distrito de Cadereyta Queretaro,
Mexico. (50). D E
Teeters, Wilber John, State University, Iowa City, Iowa. (50).
C F K
Terrell. Arthur Davis, 624 E. Madison St., lola, Kansas. (51). C
Terry, Robert James. Professor. of Anatomy, Medical Department,
Washington University. St. Louis. Mo. (53). K
♦Tesla, Nikola, LL.D., 55 W. 27th St., New York, N. Y. (43).
1895. B
Thaw, Benjamin, President Hecla Coke Co., Morewood Place,
Pittsburg, Pa. (50). A D
Thaw, Mrs. William, Box 1086, Pittsburg, Pa. (41). H
♦Thaxter, Roland, Ph. D., Professor of Cryptogamic Botany, Har-
vard University, Cambridge, Mass. (50). 190 1. Q
Thayer, Harry Stanley, The Montana Anaconda. Mon. (50). C
Thayer. Rufus Hildreth, 930 F St.. N.W., Washington, D. C.
♦Thayer. William S.. M. D.. 406 Cathedral St.. Baltimore, Md.
(52). 1903. K
Theisen, Clement F., M. D., 172 Washington Ave., Albany, N. Y.
(SI). K
Thelberg, Elizabeth B., M. D., Resident Physician and Professor
of Physiology and Hygiene, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie,
N. Y. (50). F K
Thiessen, Alfred Henry, Point Reyes Station, Cal. (51). B
♦Thom, Charles, 239 Hazen St., Ithaca, N. Y. (50). 1901. G
♦Thomas, Benjamin F., Professor of Physics, State University^
Columbus, Ohio. (29). 1882. k B
Thomas, George T., M. D., Rogers, Texas. (50). F K
(175)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Thomas, Jerome B., Captain and Assistant Surgeon, U. S. V.,
Bagnio, Benguet, P. I. (51). K
Thomas, Lancaster, 1932 Mt. Vernon St., Philadelphia, Pa. (52).
B F
♦Thomas, Prof. M. B., Crawfordsville, Ind. (41). 1894. G
Thompson, Almon Harris, 1729 12th St., N.W., Washington ,
D. C. (52).
♦Thompson, Alton Howard, 721 Kansas Ave., Topeka, Kan. (33).
1902. H
Thompson, Miss Anna P., P. O. Box 32, Summit, N. J. (49).
Thompson, Bcnj., Chief Engineer, T. & B. V. Ry. Co., Hillsboro,
Texas. (52). D
Thompson, Hugh L., Consulting Mechanical Engineer, Water*
bury, Conn. (51). D
Thompson, James David, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C
(52). A B
Thompson, James E., New Carlisle, Ohio. (48).
Thompson, James Edwin, 3224 Broadway, Galveston, Texas. (50).
Thompson, T- L., M. D., 20 West Ohio St., Indianapolis, Ind.
(39). F '
♦Thompson, Joseph Osgood, Amherst. Mass. (41). 1893.
Thompson, Millett Taylor, Ph. D., Clark University. Worcester,
Mass. (51). F
Thompson, Robert M., 43 Exchange Place, New York, N. Y.
(-J9)-
Thompson, Rev. Walter, D. D., Garrison-on-Hudson, N. Y. (49).
Thompson, William, Mining, Metallurgical and Mechanical
Engineer, Rossland Great Western Mines, Ltd., Rossland,
B. C. (50). 0 E
♦Thompson, W. Oilman, M. D., 34 E. 31st St., New York, N. Y.
(50). 1902. F K
♦Thomson, Elihu, Swampscott, Mass. (37). 1888. B
♦Thomson, Wm., M. D., 1426 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (33).
1885. B
I'hornber, John J., Botanist, Agr. Exper. Station, Tucson, Arizona.
(50). 6
♦Thornburg, Charles L., Lehigh Univ., S. Bethlehem, Pa. (44).
1897. A
♦Thorndike, E. L., Ph. D., Adjunct Prof, of Genetic Psychology.
Columbia Univ., New York, N. Y. (49). 1901. H I K
Thorne, Mrs. Phoebe Anna, 558 Madison Ave., New York,
N. Y. (50).
Thome, Samuel, Jr., 44 East 70th St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Thornton, William M., Professor of Applied Mathematics, Univer-
sity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va. (53) A
(176)
MSMBBRS AND FSLLOWS.
*Thrtt8ton, Gates Phillips, Nashville. Tenn. (58). 1890. H
'^Throston, R. C. Ballard, Ballard & Ballard Co., Louisville. Ky.
(36). 1896. E
Thurber. Charles Herbert, 39 Beacon St.. Boston, Mass. (53). I
Tibbals, George Attwater, 148 Milton St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (51).
Tieman. Austin K.. C. £.. P. O. Box 441, Salt Lake City, Utah.
(52). 0
Tiffany. Lyman, 1705 Conn. Ave.. Washington. D. C. (52).
Tiffany, Louis C. 15 Union Square, New York, N. Y. (50).
♦Tight. William 'George, President University New Mexico, Albu-
querque. N. M. (39). 1900. E
Tilley. Charles Edward. Teacher of Physios and Chemistry, Hope
Street High School, Providence, R. I. (50) . B C
Tilson, P. S., Associate Professor of Chemistry, A. and M. Col-
lege, College Station, Tex. (50). C
Tilton. John Littlefield, Simpson College, Indianola, Iowa. (50). E
♦Tingle, J. Bishop, Illinois College, Jacksonville. 111. (50). 1903. C
♦Titchener, E. B., Professor of Psychology, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y. (51). 1902. H
♦Tittmann, Otto H., Supt. U. S. C. and G. Survey, Washington,
D. C. (24). 1888. A
Titus, E., Jr., 10 E. 70th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Titus, E. S. G., U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(so). F
Todd, Albert M., Kalamazoo, Mich. (37). €
♦Todd, Prof. David P., Director Lawrence Observatory, Amherst
College, Amherst, Mass. (37). 1881. A B D
♦Todd, Prof. James E., State Univ., VermilUon, S. Dak. (22). 1886.
E F
Todd, J. H., M. D., Christmas Knoll, Wooster, Ohio. (48).
Todd, William J., M. D.. Mt. Washington, Baltimore, Md. (51). K
Tompkins, Stonewall, M. E., Miller School, Va. (51). D
Tonnele, Theodore, Metallurgical Engineer, 9x9 College Ave.,
Pittsburg, Pa. (50). E
Toothe, William, Madison, N. J. (49).
Torrence, William Wilson, M. D., 649 Main St.» Deadwood, S. Dak.
(51). K
Torre y, Harry Beal, Ph. D.. Instructor in Zoology, University of
California, Berkeley, Cal. (52). F
Totman, David M., M. D., 303 Montgomery St., Syracuse, N. Y.
(SO). K
♦Tower, Olin P., Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Adelbert
College, Cleveland, Ohio. (50). 1903. C
Tower, Ralph Winfred, Ph. D., Curator of Physiology, Am. Mus.
Natural History, New YosTk, N. Y. (53). K
(177)
MBUBBRS AND VBLLOWS.
*Towle, William Mason, Associate Professor of Practical Mechanics,
Syracuse Univ., Syracuse, N. Y, (44). 1902. D
Townley, Sidney Dean, International Latitude Observatory,
Ukiah, Cal. (53). A
Townsend, Miss Anna B, 214 Hazen St., Ithaca, N. Y. (52). F 6
I'Townsend, Charles O., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (46). 1902. 6
Townson, Andrew J., President Board of Education, Granite
Building, Rochester, N. Y. (50). I
Tracy, Edward A., M. D., 353 Broadway, S. Boston, Mass. (51). K
♦Tracy, Samuel M., Biloxi, Miss. (27), 1881. Q
Transeau, E. N., 220 S. Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, Mich. (53). C
♦Traphagen, Frank W., Ph. D., Professor of Metallurgy, Colorado
School of Mines, Golden, Colo. (35). 1889. C E F
Trask, Spencer, William St. comer Pine St., New York, N. Y.
(50). I
Travlor, Miss Mary Clark, 653 S. Grant Ave., Denver, Colo.
(50). A
Treat, Erastus B., 241-243 W. 23d St., New York, N. Y. (29).
Fl
♦Trelease, Wm., Ph. D., Director Missouri Botanical Gardens, St.
Louis, Mo. (39). 1 89 1. 6
Trimble, Robert E., Asst. Meteorologist and Irrigation Engineer,
Agricultural College, Fort Collins, Colo. (50). D E
Troth, Alonzo P., Principal of High School, Leadville, Colo. (50).
F
♦Trowbridge, Augustus, Ph. D., Dept. Physics, University of Wis-
consin, Madison, Wis. (47). Z900. B
♦Trowbridge, Charles Christopher, Tutor in Physics, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. B
True, A. C, Ph. D., Director, Office of Experiment Stations,
U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (52).
♦True, Fred. W., U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. (28).
1882. F
♦True, Rodney Howard, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (46). 1899. G
Truesdell, George, Room 22, Wyatt Building, Washington, D. C.
(49). I
Tucker, George M., Ph. D., Agricultural Experiment Station, Uni-
versity of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. (53). C
♦Tucker, Richard Hawley, C. E., Astronomer, Lick Observatory,
Mi* Hamilton, Cal. (50). 1902. A D
Tucker, William Albert, Le Sueur, Minn. (51). G
Tucker, William Conquest, Civil and Sanitary Engineer, 156 Fifth
Ave., New York, N. Y. (51). D
(178)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
^Tucker, WiUis G., M. D.. Albany Medical College, Albany. N. Y.
(29). 1888. C
"♦TucKERMAN, Alprbd» Ph. D., 342 W. 57th St., New York, N. Y.
(39). 1891. G
Tuckerman, Louis Bryant, Jr., 1473 Neil Ave., Columbus, Ohio.
(50). AB
"♦Tufts, Frank Leo, Ph. D., Tutor in Physics, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y. (so). 1901. B
Tunstall, Whitmell Pugh, Engineer's Office, B. & O. Depot,
Cleveland, Ohio. (52). D
Tuohy, John, Tulare, California. (50). B I
Turck. Fcnton B.. M. D.. 362 Dearborn Ave.. Chicago, 111. (51). K
TumbuU, Thomas, Jr.. M. D., Asst. Professor of Practice of
Medicine, Allegheny University, Allegheny, Pa. (50). F K
Tumeaure, Frederic Eugene, Professor of Bridge and Sanitary
Engineering. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (51). D
Turner, Archelaus E., President Waynesburg College. Waynes-
burg, Pa. (50). E I
Turner, Arthur Bertram, Ph. D., Professor of Mathematics.
Temple College, Philadelphia, Pa. (52). A
Turner, J. Spencer, 71 Worth St., New York, N. Y. (43). B
Turrentine, J. W., Instructor in Chemistry. Lafayette College,
Easton, Pa. (53). G
■*Tuttle, Prof. Albert H., University of Virginia, Charlottesville,
Va. (17). 1874. F
Tutton, Charles H., Asst. Engineer, Department of Public Works,
City Hall, Buffalo, N..Y. (53). D
Tweedy. Miss Alice B., Spuyten Duyvil, New York. N. Y. (49).
"♦Twitchell, E.. Wyoming, Ohio. (39). 1891. G
Tyler, Ansel Atigustus, Ph. D., Professor of Science, Bellevue
College, Bellevue, Neb. (50).
Tyler, Prof. Harry W.. 491 Boylston St., Boston, Mass. (51).
'=*Tyrrell, Joseph Burr, Mining Engineer. Dawson. Y. T.. Canada.
(50). 1903. D E
'►Tyson, James, M. D., 1506 Spruce St., Philadelphia. Pa. (51).
1903- K
^Uhler, Philip R., 254 W. Hoffman St., Baltimore, Md. (19). 1874.
• E F
f Uihlein, August, 332 Oalena St., Milwaukee, Wis. (51).
* Underwood. Lucien M.. Columbia University, New York. N. Y.
(23). 1885. G
Underwood. William Lyman, Lecturer on Biology, Mass. Institute
of Technology, Boston, Mass. (51). F K
*Updcgraff, Milton. U. S. Naval Academy. Annapolis. Md. (40).
1895. A
(^79)
MBMBBRS AND VBLLOWS.
*Upham, Warren, Secy. Minnesota Historical Society, St. PauU
Minn. (25). 1880. E
Upton, George B., Milton, Mass. (50).
♦Upton, Winslow, Ladd Observatory, Providence, R. I. (29). 1883^
A
Vail, Miss Anna Murray, 29 Washington Square, New York, N. Y..
(50).
Vaile, Joel P., 420 Equitable Building, Denver, Colo. (50). I
Valentine, Edw. P., Richmond, Va. (33). H
Valentine, Morris Crawford, Instructor in Biology, High School^
259 West 131st St., New York, N. Y. (52). F K
VaU6, Jules F,, M. D., 3303 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo. (51)..
K
♦Van Amringe, John Howard, Professor of Mathematics, Columbia.
University, New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. A
Van Antwerp, Rev. Francis J., 26 Harper Ave., Detroit, Mich*
(46).
Van Bburen, Frbdbrick T., 21 W. 14th St., New York, N. Y.
(36).
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 602 Fifth Ave., New York, N. Y. (51). 1^
Vanderlaan, J., M. D., 200 S. Terrace St., Muskegon, Mich. (51).
K
Vanderpoel, Frank, Ph. D., 153 Center St., Orange, N. J. (50)*
f K
Van der Vries, John N., Ph. D., Assistant Professor of Mathe-
matics, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. (52). A
Van Dine, Delos Lewis, Entomologist, U. S. Experiment Station,.
Honolulu, T. H. (51).
Van Duyn, John, M. D., 318 James St., Syracuse, N. Y. (50). F K.
♦Van Dyck, Prof. Francis Cuyler, Rutgers College, New Bruns-
wick, N. J. (28). 1882. B C F
Van Dyck, William Van Bergen, Cronly, N. C. (50). D
Van Gelder, Arthur P., Superintendent Climax Powder Mfg. Co.»
Emporium, Pa. (50).
♦Van Hise, Charles R., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. (37). 1890.
E
Van Orden, Charles H., Civil Engineer, Catskill. N. Y. ($!).•
*Van Omum, Prof. John Lane, Professor of Civil Engineering,.
Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. (50). 1903. D
♦Van Slyke, Lucius L., Agr. Exper. Station, Geneva, N. Y. (41).
1901. C
Van Valkenburg, Hermon L., Electrical Engineer, Amber Club,
Shady Ave., Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D
♦Van Vleck, Prof. John M., Wesleyan University, Middletowa»
Conn. (23). 1875. A
(180)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Van Winkle, Edgar B., 115 E. 70th St., New York. N.Y. (49).
Vamey, A. L., Lt. Col., U. S. A., care of San Antonio National
Bank, San Antonio, Texas. (44). H
Vaughan, T. Wayland, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington,
D. C. (52). E
Vaux, George, Jr., 404 Girard Building, Philadelphia, Pa. (33).
A E
Veatch, Arthur Clifford, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
(52). E
Veblen, Andrew A., Professor of Physics, State University, Iowa
City, Iowa. (50). B
Veeder, Curtis Hussey, Mechanical Engineer, 40 Willard St.,
Hartford, Conn. (50). B D
Velsor, Joseph A., 105 McDonough St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (50). C
=*Venable. Prof. F. P., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill,
N. C. (39). 1891. C
Venable, Wm. Mayo, C. E., E. E.. 708 Hennen Bldg., New Orleans,
La. (50). D
^Vcrrill, Prof. Addison E., 86 Whalley Ave., New Haven, Conn.
(47)- 1891. F
Vest, Solomon Alexander, Assistant Chemist, Navassa Guano
Co., Wilmington, N. C. (51). C
Villard, Mrs. Henry, X45 W. 58th St.. New York. N. Y. (36).
Vinal, W. Irving, iio6 East Capitol St., Washington, D. C.
(40). E
Vineberg, Hiram N., M. D., 751 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y.
(51). K
=*Vining, E. P., 49 Second St., San Francisco, Cal. (3a). 1887. H
^Vogdes, A. W., Lt.-Col., sth Artillery, U. S. A., Key West, Fla.
(3a). 1885. E F
Vogt, Frederick A., Principal of Central High School, Buffalo,
N. Y. (53).
Voje, John Henry, M. D., Private Sanatorium Waldheim, Ocono-
mowoc. Wis. (51). K
▼on Herrmann, C. F., Section Dir. U. S. Weather Bureau, Raleigh,
N. C. (51). B
von Hoffmann, Charles, M. D., 1014 Sutter St., San Francisco,
Cal. (51). K
von Ihering, F., Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brazil. (51).
von Mansfelde, Alexander S., M. D., ** Quality Hill," Ashland,
Neb. (50). F G H K
*von Nardroff, Ernest R., 397 Madison St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (44).
1896. B
von Ruck, Karl, M. D., Director, Winyah Sanitarium, Asheville,
N. C. (si). K
(181)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
*von Schrenk, Hermann, Missotiri Botanical Garden, St. Lotus, Mo^
(49). 1901. 6
Voris, Floyd Thomas, Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Buena^
Vista College, Storm Lake, Iowa. (50). B C
Votey, J. William, Professor of Civil Engineering, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vt. (50). D
Vreeland, Frederick K., E. E., Montclair, N. J. (50). B D G
Wackenhuth, P. C, Jr., Technical Brewer, 57 Freeman St., New-
ark, N. J. (53). 6
Waddell, Montgomery, 135 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (51). IV
Wade, John W., M. D., 318 N. Second St., MiUville. N. J. (51). K
Wadman, W. E., 102 Lord Ave., Bayonne, N. J. (50).
♦Wadsworth, F. L. O., Dir. Allegheny Observatory, Western
University of Pennsylvania, Allegheny, Pa. (52). 1903. A.
Wadsworth, Herbert, 1801 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Washing-
ton, D. C. (52). H I
♦Wadsworth, M. Edw., Professor of Mining and Geology, Penna.
State Coll., State College, Pa. (23). 1874. E
Wadsworth, Oliver F., 526 Beacon St., Boston, Mass. (52). K
Wadsworth, William Austin, Geneseo, N. Y. (50), 6
♦Wagner, Frank C, Rose Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute^
Ind. (34). 1897. D
Wagner, George, 15 W. Gorham St., Madison, Wis. (46). F G
Wagner, Samuel, President of Wagner Free Institute of Science*.
Greenbank Farm, Westchester, Pa. (51).
Waidner, Charles W., Nat. Bureau of Standards, Washington,
D. C. (52). B
Wainwright, Jacob T., Metallurgical Engineer, P. O. Box 774^
Chicago, 111. (51).. B D E
Wainwright, John William, M. D., 177 W. 83d St., New York^
N. Y. (51). K
Wait, Charles Edmund, Professor of Chemistry, Univ. of Ten-
nessee, Knoxville, Tenn. (51). C
Waite, Frederick Clayton, Ph. D., Asst. Prof, of Histology and
Embryology, Medical Department, Western Reserve. Univ. *
Cleveland, Ohio. (50). F K
♦Waite, M. B., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (37).
1893. Q
♦Walcott, Charles D., Director U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington^
D. C. (25). 1882. E F . . '
♦Waldo, Prof. Clarence A., Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.
(37). 1889. A
♦Waldo, Leonard, 640 West 8th St., Plainfield, N. J. (28). 1880. A.
Wales, Charles M., M. E., 11 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (51). I>
Walker, Byron Edmund, Toronto, Can. (38). E
ri82)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Walker. Charles R., M. D.. Concord, N. H. (50). K
Walker, Ernest, Professor of Horticulture, University of Arkansas,
Fayetteville. Ark. (52).
Walker, E. W., Superintendent State School for the Deaf, Dela-
van, Wis. (52). I
Walker, George C, Room 367, Rookery Building, Chicago, 111,
(17).
Walker, James, 49 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. (43).
Walker, John A., E. M., 260 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J.
(50). C D E I
Walker, R. M., 713 Prudential Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. (52). D
Walker, T. B., Pres., Minneapolis City Library Board, 803
Hennepin Ave., Minneapolis, Minn. (51).
Wallace, Robert James, Photographer, Yerkes Observatory, Wil-
liams Bay, Wis. (53). A
Waller, Coleman Bailey, Woflford College, Spartanburg, S. C.
(51). ABC
♦Waller, E., 7 Franklin Place, Morristown, N. J. (23). 1874.
Wallerstein. M., Ph. D., Technical Chemist, 105 E. 91st St., New
York, N. Y. (53). C
Walls, John Abbet, 1724 Notre Dame St., Montreal, Can.
(.-51). D
Walpole, Frederick A., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, D. C. (52). 6
Walsh, James J., M. D., LL.D., Lecturer on Medicine, New York
Polyclinic, 1973 Seventh Ave., New York, N. Y. (51). K
Walsh, Thomas F., Le Roy and Phelps Place, Washington, D. C.
(49). 0
Walter, Miss Emma, 109 North i6th St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(50). E
Walter, Dr. Robert, Walters Park, Pa. (53). H
Walter, Rudolph J., Mining Engineer and Metallurgist, 1452
Blake St., Denver, Colo. (50). D E
Walter, W. J., 115 W. S7th St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Walters, John Daniel, Prof, of Industrial Art. Kan. State Agri-
cultural College, Manhattan, Kan. (51). D
Walton, L. B., Professor of Biology, Ken yon College, Gambier,
Ohio. (53). F
♦Wanner, Atreus, York, Pa. (36). 1890. H
Wantland, C. E., U. P. R.R. Co., 1025 17th St., Denver, Colo.
(50). E
Ward, Delancey W., 163 Madison Ave., Flushing, N. Y. (51).. C. ■-
Ward, Frank A., 16-26. College Ave., Rochester, N. Y- (40).
♦W^ard, Henry A., 620 Division St., Chicago, 111. (13). 1875.
EFH
(183)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Ward, Dr. Henry B., Dean of Medical Faculty, University of
Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. (48). 1899. F
Ward. Henry L., Secretary Board Trustees, Public Museum, Mil-
waukee, Wis. (51). E
Ward, J. Langdon, 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (39). I
♦Ward, Lester P., U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. (a6).
1879. E 6
Ward, Louis Clinton, Box 11, Huntington, Ind. (Si). E
Ward, Milan Lester, Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy,
Ottawa Univ., Ottawa, Kansas. (50). A
♦Ward, Robert De C, Harvard Univ.. Cambridge, Mass. (47)-
190a. E
♦Ward, Dr. R. H., 53 Fourth St., Troy, N. Y. (17). 1S74. F fi
Ward, Willard Parker, Ph. D., Mining Engineer, 164 W. s8th St.,
New York. N. Y. (50). D E
W^arden, Albert W., M. D., 325 Fulton St., Weehawkcn, N. J. (51).
K
Warder, Charles Barclay, M. D., 17 15 Walnut St., Philadelphia,
Pa. (SI). K
♦Warder, Prof. Robert B., Howard University, Washington, D. C.
(19). x88i. B C
Wardlaw, George A., Electrical Engineer, Amber Club, Shady
Ave.. Pittsburg, Pa. (51). D
Wardle, Harriet N., 125 N. loth St.. Philadelphia, Pa. (47). E H
Ware, Miss Mary L., 41 Brimmer St., Boston, Mass. (47).
♦Ware, Wm. R., School of Architecture, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y. (36). 1901. D
♦Warinoton. Robert, F. R. S., Rothamsted, Harpenden, Eng-
land. (40). 1899. G
♦Warner, Jambs D., 463 E. 26th St., Platbush, Brooklyn, N. Y.
(iS). 1874. A B
♦Warner, Worcester R., 1722 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. (33).
1888. A B D
Warren, Charles H., Ph. D., Instructor in Mineralogy, Mass.
Inst. Tech., Boston, Mass. (52). E
Warren, Geo. F., Jr., Howard, Neb. (52).
Warren. Rt. Rev. Henry White, Bishop M. E. Church, University
Park, Colo. (50). A
♦Warren, Prof. Howard C, Princeton Univ., Princeton, N. J. (46).
1901. H K
♦Warren, Joseph W., M. D., Bryn Mawr, Pa. {31). 1886. F
♦Warren, S. Edward, Newton, Mass. (17). 1875. A I
Warren, William R,, 68 William St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Warrington. James N., 1711 South Hope St., Los Angeles, Cal.
(34). A B D
(184)
MBMBBR8 AND FELLOWS.
Washburn, Frederic Leonard, State Entomologist, Agriciiiltural
Experiment Station, St. Anthony Park, Minn. (51). F
Washington, Charles Milnor, The Graduate Club, New Haven,
Conn. (52). K
* Washington, Dr. Henry S., Locust, N. J. (44). 1897. E
Waterhouse, James Sraartt, Professor of Chemistry and Natural
Science, Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn. (50). C F 8
Waters, C. E., Assistant in Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University,
Baltimore, Md. (52). C
Watson, Benj. Marston, Bussey Institution, Jamaica Plain, Mass.
(50).
Watson, Miss C. A., 56 Prospect St., North Andover, Mass. (31). D
Watson, Frank Elbert, 832 Main St., Springfield, Mass. (51). F
Watson, Irving Allison, M. D., Sec'y State Board of Health, Con-
cord. N. H. (52). K
Watson. Joseph Ralph, Department Natural Sciences, Rochester
Normal University, Rochester, Ind. (50). G
Watson, Thomas A., Weymouth, Mass. (4a). E
♦Watson, Prof. Wm., 107 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass. (xa).
1884. A
Walters, William, A. M., M. D., a6 S. Common St., Lynn, Mass.
(40). E 6
Watterson, Miss Ada, 153 W. 84th St, New York. N. Y. (49). G
Watts, William Lawrence, 56 Henry St. .Cambridge, Mass. (5a). A
Waugh, James Church, Mount Vernon, Washington. (52).
Waychoff, Andrew J., Prof, of Geology and Physics, Waynesburg
College, Waynesburg, Pa. (51). B E
*Wead, Charles K., U. S. Patent Office, Washington, D. C. (47).
1898. B
Weatherly, Ulysses Grant, Professor of Economics, University
of Indiana, Bloomington', Ind. (50). I
Weaver, Edwin Oscar. Professor of Physics and Biology, Witten-
berg College, Springfield, Ohio. (51). B F G
Weaver, Gerrit E. Hambleton, 916 Parragut Terrace, West
Philadelphia, Pa. (38). G I
Webb, Howard Scott, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Uni-
versity of Maine, Orono, Maine. (50). D
*Webb, Prof. J. Burkitt, Stevens Institute, Hoboken, N. J. (31).
1883. A B D
♦Webber, Herbert J., U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Washington, D. C.
(47). 1900- •
♦Weber, Prof. Henry A., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. (35).
x888. C
Webster, Albert Lowry, C. £., Consulting Civil and Sanitary
Engineer, 112 E. 40th St., New York, N. Y. (50). G D
(«8S)
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
♦Webster, Prof. Arthur Gordon, Clark University, Worcester,
Mass. (47). 1898. A B
Webster, Edgar H., Professor of Physical Science, Atlanta Uni-
versity, Atlanta, Ga. (50). B
♦Webster, Prof. F. M., 806 W. Springfield Ave., Urbana. 111. (35).
1890. F
Webster, Frederic S., Carnegie Atuseum, Pittsburg, Pa. (51). E F H
Weed, Alfred, care Nicholson File Co., Providence, R. I. (51). D
♦Weed, Clarence M., Ph. D., Durham, N. H. (38). 1890. F
Weed, J. N., 244 Grand St., Newburgh, N. Y. (37). E I
♦Weed, W. H., U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. (52).
1903. E
Weeks, Edwin Ruthven, Consulting Engineer, 604-607 New Nelson
Bldg.. Kansas City, Mo. (50). A B D I
Weeks, John Elmer, M. D., 46 E. 57th St., New York, N. Y. (51).
K
♦Weems, J. B., Ph. D., Professor of Agricultural Chemistry, Agric.
College, Ames, Iowa. (44). 1900. C
Weems, Mason Locke, Instructor in Physiology, Valparaiso Col-
lege, Valparaiso, In d. (52). K
Weidman, Samuel, Geologist, Wisconsin State Geological and
Natural History Survey, Madison, Wis. (53). E
Weimer, Edgar A., M. E., Supt. Wcimer Machine Works Co.,
Lebanon, Pa. (51). D
Weinzirl, John, Director. Hadley Climatological Lab., Univ. of
New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mex. (45). G
♦Welch, William Henry, M. D., 935 St. Paul St., Baltimore. Md.
(47). 1900. F H
♦Weld, Laenas Gifford, Dean of Graduate College, State University
of Iowa. Iowa Cit3% Iowa. (41). 1895. A
Welin, John E., Professor of Physics, Chemistry and Geology,
Bethany College, Lindsborg, Kansas. (50). B C E
Wells, Eliab Horatio, M. D., Professor of Natural Science, Baylor
Female College, Belton, Texas. (50). F K
Wells, Frank, M. D., 178 Devonshire St., Boston, Mass. (47)^ C
Wells, William H., Jr., 2 Norfolk St., Strand, W. C. London,
England. (39). E
Welsh; Francis Ralston, 328 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
(SI).
Wendling, Hon. Geo. R., Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. (52). 1
Wenner, Francis W., Supt. of Public Schools, North Baltimore,
Wood Co., Ohio. (51). B
Wesson, David, Southern Cotton Oil Co., Savannah, Ga. (50). C
"W^est, Max, Ph. D., care of Treasury Department, San Juan, Porto
Rico; (52). I
C1S6)
MBMBBRS AND FELLOWS.
• West, Thomas Dyson, M. E., Mgr., T. D. West Engrg. Co., Sharps*
ville. Pa. (5i).D
Westgate, Lewis Gardner, Ph. D., Professor of Geology, Ohio
Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. (51). E
♦Wbstinohousb, Gborgb, Pittsburg, Pa. (50). 1902. D
Westinghouse, Henry Herman, Wilmerding, Pa. (51). D
♦Weston, Edward, 645 High St., Newark, N. J. (33). 1887. BCD
Wetherill, Henry Emerson, M. D., 3734 Walnut St., Philadelphia,.
Pa. (53). K
\ Wetzel. Reinhard A., Supt. Science High School, Fargo, N. D.
(53). B
Wetzler, Joseph, 240-242 W. 23d St., New York, N. Y. (36).
Weygant, Colonel Charles H., Newburgh, N. Y. (50). I
Weysse, Arthur W., Instructor in Zoology, Massachusetts Inst.
of Technology, Boston, Mass. (52). F
Wheatland, Marcus F., M. D., 84 John St., Newport, R. I. (51)*
H K
Wheatley, Frank G., M. D., 47 Adams St.; North Abington, Mass.
(51). K
♦Wheeler, Alvin Sawyer, Ph. D., Associate Professor of Chemistry^
University of Nortji Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. (50).
T901. C
Wheeler, Chas. Fay, U. S. Department Agriculture, Washington^
D. C. (52). 6
Wheeler, C. Gilbert, 214 State St., Chicago, 111. (51). C
Wheeler, E. B., Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. (52).
♦Wheeler, Eben ,S., U. S. Engineer Office, Detroit, Mich. (50).
1901. D
♦Wheeler, Henry Lord, Sheffield Lab., New Haven, Conn. (50) »
1901. C
Wheeler, Horace Leslie, Department of Statistics, Public Library,.
Boston, Mass. (53). A E
Wheeler, Schuyler Skaats, Ampere, N. J. (50). D
Wheeler, William, C. E., Concord, Mass. (41).
♦Wheeler, William Morton, American Museum of Natural History ^
New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. F
Whelpley, Henry Milton, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and
Pharmacy, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. (52). H K
Whelpley, James D., 1417 G St. N.W., Washington, D. C. (52). L
White, Charles G., Lake Linden, Mich. (46). B C
White, Charles H., U. S. N.. Center Sandwich, N. H. (34). C
♦White, David, U. S. Geol. Survey, Washington, D. C. (40). 1892.
EF
♦White, Horace, Editor "New York Evening Post,*' 18 W. 69th
St., New York, N. Y. (50). 1901. I
(187)
MBMBBR8 AND FELLOWS.
♦White, H. C, Ph. D., University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. {ag).
1885. C
*Whitb, Prop. I. C, State Geologist of West Virginia, Morgan-
town, W. Va. (as). i88a. E
White, John Williams, 18 Concord Ave., Cambridge, Mass. (47)-
White, LeRoy S., 19 Buckingham Ave., Watcrbury, Conn.
(23).
White, Mrs. Mary Bell, 1615 New Hampshire Ave., N.W., Wash-
ington, D. C. (52).
White. Oscar W., 1116 F St., N.W., Washington, D. C. (52).
White, Walter Henry, M. D., 220 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.
(SI). K
Whitehome, Wm. Risby, Ph. D., Lehigh University, South Beth-
lehem, Pa. (52). C
♦Whitfield, J. Edward, 406 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa. (44).
1896. C
♦Whitfield, R. P., Amer. Mus. Nat. History, Central Park^ New
York, N. Y. (18). 1874. E F H
Whitham, Wm. Henry, Assistant in Physics, W. Va. University,
Morgantown, W. Va. (52). B
Whiting, S. B., 11 Ware St.. Cambridge, Mass. (33). D
♦Whiting, Miss Sarah P., Professor of Physics, Wellesley College
Wellesley, Mass. (31). 1883. A B
♦Whitman, Prof. Charles O., University of Chicago, Chicago, 111
(43). i»98. F
♦Whitman, Prof. Frank P., Adelbert College, Cleveland, Ohio. (33)
1885. A B
♦Whitney, Miss Mary W., Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (47)
1900. A
Whitney, Solon Franklin, A. M., Public Library, Watertown
Mass. (52).
♦Whitney, Willis Rodney, Mass. Inst. Tech., Boston, Mass. (46)
1900. C
Whitted, Thomas Byrd, General Elec. Co., Denver, Colo. (50). D
Whittelsey, Theodore, Ph. D., Professor of Chemistry, North-
western University School of Pharmacy, Chicago, 111. (53). 0
Whittemore, Williams C, 1526 N. H. Ave., Washington, D. C. (49).
Wiechmann, F. G., M. D., 310 West 80th St., New York, N. Y.
(50). F K
♦Wiegand, Karl McKay, Ph. D., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.
(45). 1899- fi
Wightman, Merle J., Electrical Engineer, 302 Broadway, New
York, N. Y. (50). D
Wilbour, Mrs. Chariotte B., 40 Central Park, South, New York.
N. Y. (28).
(188)
MBMBBR8 AND PBLLOW8.
♦Wilbur, A. B.. Middletown, N. Y. (aj). 1874. E
•Wilbur, Ray Lyman, M. D., Assistant Professor of Physiology,
Stanford University, Cal. (50). 1901. F K
Wilcox, Mrs. Aaron Morley, The Arlington, Washington, D. C.
* Wilcox, Edwin Mead, Ph. D., Prof, of Biology and Plant Phy-
siologist and Pathologist, Ala. Poly. Inst., Auburn, Ala. ($0).
1901. F G
Wilcox, Miss Emily T., Middletown, Conn. (33). A B
Wilcox, Ouy Maurice, Professor of Physics, Armour Institute ,
Chicago, 111. (53). B
♦Willcox, Miss Mary Alice, Ph. D., Professor of Zoology, Wollesley
College, Wellesley, Mass. (50). 190 1. F
♦Willcox, Walter P., Ph. D., Professor of Economics, Cornell
University, Ithaca, N. Y. (50). 1901. I
♦Wilder, Burt Green, Prof, of Neurology, Cornell University,
Ithaca, N. Y. (51). 190a. K
Wilder, Harris Hawthorne, Ph. D., Professor of Zoology, Smith
College, Northampton, Mass. (52). F
Wiley, Andrew J., C. E., Chief Engr. Boise- Payette River Electric
Power Co., Boise, Idaho. (51). D
♦Wiley, Harvey W., Ph. D., U. S. Dept.' Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (21). 1874. C
Wiley, William H., C. E., 43 E. 19th St.. New York, N. Y. (50). D E
Wilkins, Miss Le wanna. Eastern High School, Washington, D. C.
(5a). F G
Wilkins, Wm. Glyde, C. E., Westinghouse Bldg.. Pittsburg, Pa.
(so). D E
♦Wilkinson, Levi Washington, Professor of Industrial and Sugar
Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, La. (50). 1903. C
WiUard, Julius Terrass, Dir. Kans. State Exper. Sta., Manhattan^
Kans. (50). G
Wille, Henry Valentin, M. E., Engineer of Tests, Baldwin Loco-
motive Works, 2600 Girard Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). D
Willett, James R., 434 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, 111. (53). D
Williams, Arthur, The New York Edison Co., 55 Duane St., New
York, N. Y. (50). D
♦Williams, Benezette, 153 La Salle St., Chicago, 111. (33). 1887. D
Williams, Charles B., North Carolina Dept. of Agric, Raleigh,
N. C. (47).
♦Williams, Charles H., M. D., 1069 Boylston St., Boston, Mass.
(22). 1874.
Williams, Mrs. Chauncey P., 284 State St., Albany, N. Y. (52).
Williams, Charles S., z66 Montgomery St., Newburgh, N. Y. (50). I
♦Williams, Prof. Bdw. H., Jr., Andover, Mass. (25). 1894. 0 E
MBMBBR8 AND FBLLOW8.
"* Williams, Francis H.» M. D., 505 Deacon St., Boston, Mass. (29>.
1890.
Williams, Frank Blair^ Ph. D., Assistant. Professor Civil Engineer-
ing. Union College, Schenectady, N. Y. (53). D
Williams, Frank H,, Greene, N. Y. (50). D
Williams, Harvey Ladew, P. O. Box 410, Bristol, Tenn. (53). 0 E
^Williams, Prof. Henry Shaler« Yale University, New Haven,
Conn. (18). 1 88a. E F
Williams, Ira Abraham, 77 W.I a 4th St., New York, N.Y. (5a). DE
Williams, J. C, aai Orchard St., Ridgeway, Pa. (51). E
Williams, Jacob Lafayette, M. D., 4 Walnut St., Boston, Mass.
(51). K
♦Williams, Dr. J. Whitridge, Professor of Obstetrics, Johns Hop-
kins University, Baltimore, Md. (50). 1901. F K
Williams, Leonard Worcester, Brown University, Providence,
R. I. (52).
Williams, Miss Mabel Clare, Iowa City, Iowa. (52). H
Williams, Stephen Riggs, Professor of Biology, Miami University,
Oxford, Ohio. (50). F
Williamson, Edward Bruce, Bluffton, Ind. (50). F
Williamson, G. N., 14 Dey St., New York, N. Y. (49).
Williamson, Homer D., 133 W. loth Ave., Columbus, Ohio. (51). K
Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton, xo6o W. Jefferson St., Los Angeles,
Cal. (44). F
*Willis, Bailey, U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. (36).
1890. E
Willis, Bernard Darwin, care Stromberg-Carlson Telephone
Mfg. Co., 70-86 W. Jackson Boulevard, Chicago, 111. (5a).
Williston, Arthur L., Director Dept. Science and Technology,
Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. (51). D
* Williston, Dr. Samuel W., University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (5 1) .
190a. F K
"^Willoughby, Charles C, Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Mass. (45).
1897. H
Wills, Dr. Albert P., Instructor in Mechanics, Columbia Univer-
sity, New York, N. Y. (53). A B
Wills, Joseph Lainson, F. C. S., Chief of Laboratories, National
Brewers' Academy, 133 Midwood St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (50).
B G F
WiLMARTH, Mrs. Hbnrit D., 51 Eliot St., Jamaica Plain, Mass.
(40).
Wilmore, J. J., Director, Mechanical Department, Ala. Poly-
technic Institute, Auburn, Ala. (51). D
Wilson, Miss Alisan, The Lenox, Washington, D. C. (5a). H
Wilson, Prof. Andrew G., Hebron, Neb. (43). E
(190)
MBUBBRS AND PBLLOWS.
Wilson, Charles Branch, State Normal School, Westfield, Mas3.
(52). F
Wilson, Delonza Tate, Assistant Professor, of Mathematics and
Astronomy, Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland. Ohio.
(53). A
♦Wilson, E. B., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (49).
1900.
Wilson, Predk. Morse, M. D., 834 Myrtle Ave., Bridgeport, Conn.
(51). K
♦Willson, Prof. Frederick N., Princeton. N. J. (33). 18S7. A D
♦Wilson, Henry Van Peters, Professor of Biology, University of
North Carolina, Chapel Hill, .N. C. (50). 1901. F
Wilson, John C, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. (49). I
Willson, Mortimer, M. D., Port Huron, Mich. (50). A F
Wilson, Robert Lee, M. D., Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Marine Hos-
pital Service, Box 274, Honolulu, T. H. (50). K
♦Willson, Robert W., Cambridge, Mass. (30). 1890. A B
Wilson, Mrs. Thomas, 1218 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington,
D. C. (52). H
Wilson, William Hyatt, Prof, of Mathematics, Univ. of Wooster,
Wooster, Ohio. (50). A
♦Wilson, Prof. William Powell, Philadelphia Commercial Museum,
233 S. 4th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (38). 1889. G
♦Winchell, Alexander Newton, Professor of Geology and Miner-
alogy, State School of Mines, Butte, Mont. (50). 1903. E
♦Winchell, Horace V., Butte, Montana. (34). 1S90. € E
♦Winchell, Prof. N. H., Minneapolis, Minn. (19). 1874. E H
Windesheim, Gustave, M. D., 255 Main St., Kenosha, Wis. (51). K
Windsor, Sarah Sweet, M. D., 138 Marlborough St., Boston, Mass.
U7). F H
Wingate, Miss Hannah S.. 23 W. 129th St., New York, N. Y. (31).
E I
♦Winslow, Charles Edward Amory, Instructor in Biology, Mass.
Inst. Tech., Boston, Mass. (51). 1903. F K
Winter, Mahlon A., 339 Penna. Ave., Washington, D. C. (52).
D E I K
♦Winterhalter, A. G., Lt. Com. U. S. N., Navy Yard, Portsmouth,
N. H. (37). 1893. A
Wiseman, Carl Marshall, Optician, 301 W. Chestnut St., Louis-
ville, Ky. (S3).
♦Withers, W. A., Professor of Chemistry, North Carolina College of
Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, West Raleigh, N. C. (33).
189X. G
Witherspoon, Thomas A., Patent Office, Dept. of Interior, Wash-
ington, D. C. (52). C
(19O
MBMBBRS AKD PBLLOW8.
Witmer, Lightner, Ph. D., Asst. Prof. Psychology, Univ. of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. (46). H
Witte, Max Ernest, M. D., Superintendent of Clarinda State
Hospital, Clarinda, Ta. (si)- K
^Witthaus, Dr. R. A., Cornell Medical College, xst Ave. and 28th
St., New York, N. Y. (35). 1890.
Wolf, August S., Examiners' Room, Equitable Life Assurance
Society, 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (49).
Wolfe, Elmer Ellsworth, Ph. D., Principal of the Academy.
Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio. (51). B C Q
W61fel, Paul, Chief Engineer, American Bridge Co., N.W. Cor.
15th and Chestnut Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. (51). 0
♦Wolff, Frank A., Jr., Ph. D., Bureau of Standards. U. S. Dept.of
Commerce and Labor, Washington, D. C. (47)* 1900. B
* Wolff, Dr. John E., University Museum, Cambridge, Mass. (36).
1894. E
♦Woll, Fritz Wilhelm, 424 Charter St., Madison, Wis. (42). 1897. ^
Wolverton, Byron C, Engineer, N. Y. & Pa. Telephone and
Telegraph Co., P. O. Box 43. Elmira, N. Y. (50). 0
Wood, Arthur J., Professor Mechanical and Electrical Engineerings
Delaware College, Newark, Del. (51). D
Wood, Mrs. Cynthia A., 117 W. 58th St., New York, N. Y. (43).
Wood, Miss Elvira, 1425 Welling Place, Washington, D. C. (47).
Wood, Matthew P., Consulting Engineer and Mechanical Expert,
234 W. 44th St., New York, N. Y. (51). D
♦Wood, Robert Williams, Professor of Experimental Physics,
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md. (46). 1900. B
Wood. Stuart, 400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
♦Wood, Thomas D., M. D., Prof, of Physical Education, Teachers*
College, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (51)- 1902. K
Wood, Walter, 400 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. (33). F I
Woodberry, Miss Rosa Louise, Teacher of Natural Science, Lucy
Cobb Institute, Athens, Ga. (51). B C
Woodbridge, Frederick J. E., Professor of Philosophy, Columbia
University, New York, N. Y. (52).
Woodbridge, Tyler Reed, C. E., care The Taylor and Brunton
Sampling Co., Victor, Colo. (50). 0
♦Woodbury, C. J. H., Amer. Telephone and Telegraph Co.. 125
Milk St., Boston, Mass. (29). 1884. D
Woodbury, Frank, M. D., 218 South i6th St., Philadelphia,
Pa. (52). K
Woodhull, Alfred A., M. D., Colonel. U. S. A., Retired, 46 Bayard
Lane, Princeton, N. J. (51). K
♦Woodhull, John Francis, Teachers' College, Momingside Heights^
New York. N. Y. (43). 1899.
MEMBERS AND FELLOWS.
Woodhull. Gen. Maxwell Van Zandt, U. S. A., 2033 G St., N.W.,
Washington, D. C. ($2).
♦Woodman, Durand, Ph. D., 127 Pearl St., New York, N. Y. (41).
1896.
Woodruff, Lorande Loss, Assistant in Biology, Williams College,
Willi amstown, Mass. (s^). F
♦Woods, Albert F., U. S. Dept. Agric, Washington, D. C. (43).
1897. 6
Woods, Carl Fred, Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. (53). 0
♦Woods, Charles D., Professor of Agriculture, University of Maine,
Orono, Maine. (50). 1901. 6
♦Woods, Fred. A., M. D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
(si). 1902. K
Woods, John A., 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (49).
Woodward, Anthony, Ph. D., Amer. Mus. Nat. History, Central
Park, New York. N. Y. (49).
♦Woodward, Prof. Calvin M., Washington University, St. Louis.
Mo. (3a). 1884. A D I
♦Woodward, R. S., Columbia University, New York, N. Y. (33).
1885. ABO
Woodward, Samuel B., M. D., $S Pearl St., Worcester, Mass.
(51). K
Woodward, William Carpenter, E. E., 5 Charles Field St., Provi-
dence, R. L (50). C D
Wood worth, C. W., Asst. Professor of Entomology, University of
California, Berkeley, Cal. (50). F
Woodworth, George Keen, Asst. Examiner Electrical Division,
U. S. Patent Office, Washington, D. C. (50). D
♦Woodworth, R. S., Ph. D., Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
(49). 1901. H K
♦Woodworth, William McMichael, Ph. D., 149 Brattle St., Cam-
bridge, Mass. (44). 1898. F
Wooten, J. S., M. D., Austin, Texas. (51). K
♦Worcester, Dean C, U. S. Philippine Commission, Manila, P. I.
(46). 1903. F H
♦Wright, Albert A., Professor of Geology and Zoology, Oberlin
College, Oberlin, Ohio. (24). 1880. E F
♦Wright, Prof. Arthur W., Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
(14). 1874. A B
♦Wright, Carroll D., LL.D., Dept. of Labor, Washington, D. C.
(41). 1894. I
Wright, Cary, Superintendent Highland Valley Power Co., Box
654, Boise City, Idaho. (51). D
Wright, Rev. Clement Blake Bergin, Ph. D., 796 Astor St., Mil-
waukee, Wis. (50). H
C193)
ICEMBBRS AND FBLLOWS
Wriglit, Fred. Eugene, Ph. D., Instructor in Petrography, Mich.
Col. Mines, Houghton, Mich. (52). E
♦Wright, Prof. Geo. Frederick, Drawer C, Oberlin, Ohio. (29). 1882.
E H
•Wright, John S., Eli Lily & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. (4a). 1899.
Q
Wright, Jonathan, M. D., 73 Remsen St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (43).
K
Wright, Walter Livingston, Jr., Professor of Mathematics, Lin-
coln University, Pa. (50). A
Wrinch, Frank Sidney, Ph. D., Instructor in Experimental Psy-
chology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Cal. (52). H K
Wuensch, Alfred F., 1220 Corona St., Denver, Colo. (50). C 0 E
WuNDBRLiCH, Frbdbrick W., M. D., 165 Remsen St., Brooklyn,
N. Y. (45).
WUrtele, John Hunter, Acton Vale, P. Q., Canada. (48).
♦WUrtele, Rev. Louis C, Acton Vale, P. Q., Canada. (11). 1875. ^
Wurts, Alexander Jay, Manager Nemst Lamp Co., 1164 Shady
Ave., Pittsburg. Pa. (50). D
♦Wyeth, John A., M. D., 19 W. 3Sth St., New York, N. Y. (51).
1903. K
Wylie, Robert Bradford, Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, 111. (53). C
♦Wyman, Walter, M. D., Surgeon-General, Public Health and
Marine Hospital Service, Washington, D. C. (51). 1903. K
Yanney, Benjamin F., Prof. Mathematics and Astronomy, Mt.
Union College, Alliance, Ohio. (51). A
♦Yarrow, Dr. H. C, 814 17th St. N.W., Washington, D. C. (23).
1874.
Yates, J. A., Professor of Natural Science, Ottawa University,
Ottawa, Kan. (50). B C Q
Yeates, William Smith, State Geologist, Atlanta, Ga. (50). C E
Yerkes, Robert Mearns, Instructor in Comparative Psychology,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (52). K
York, Lewis Edwin, Supt. Public Schools, Barnesville, Ohio.
(50). I
Youmans, Vincent J., 175 Elm Place, Mount Vernon, N. Y. (43).
♦Young, A. V. E., Northwestern University, Evanston, 111. (33).
1886. B C
♦Young, C. A., Princeton University, Princeton, N. J. (18). 1874.
A B D
Young, Clinton Mason, Hiram, Ohio. (51). K
Young, Hugh Hampton, M. D., 1005 N. Charles St., Baltimore,
Md. (S3).
Young, Rev. S. Edward, 2512 Perrysville Ave., Allegheny, Pa.
(51). E
(194)
MBIIBBRS AND FELLOWS.
* Young, Stewart Woodford, Asst. Professor of Chemistry, Stan-
ford University, Cal. (50). 1901. C
Young, Walter Douglas, E. E., B. & O. R.R. Co., 309 Oakdale
Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. (51). D
Zahm, George, Instructor in Law Department, Yale University,
New Haven, Conn. (53). I
♦Zalinski. E. L., U. S. A., Century Club. 7 W. 43d St., New York,
N. Y. (36). 1891. D
Zeigler. J. L.. M. D.. Mount Joy, Pa. (52). C Q K
Zeleny, Charles, Hull Zoological Laboratory, University of Chicago,
Chicago, 111. (53). F
♦Zeleny, John, Associate Professor of Physics, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. (50). 1901. B
♦Ziwet, Alexander, 644 S. Ingalls St., Ann Arbor, Mich. (38). 1S90.
A
Zuber, Wm. H., Principal, Greensburg Seminary, Greensburg, Pa.
(52). B C
(195)
INCORPORATED SCIBNTIPIC BODIES.
INCORPORATED SCIENTIFIC BODIES.
[Holding membership under the provisions of Article 3 of the
Constitution.]
California, The University of. Library, Berkeley, Gal. (52).
Cincinnati, Public Library of, Cincinnati, Ohio. (53).
Manchester Institute of Arts and Sciences, Manchester. N. H.
(48).
Marietta College Library, Marietta, Ohio. (51).
Michigan State Normal College, Ypsilanti, Michigan. (53).
Mt. Carmel Scientific Society, Mt. Carmel, 111. (50).
Nebraska, The University of, Library, Lincoln, Neb. (51).
N. P. Cobum Library, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colo.
(53).
Philadelphia, The Free Library of, 12 17-133 1 Chestnut St.,
Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
P. M. Musser Public Library, Muscatine, Iowa. (51).
Pratt Institute Free Library, Ryerson St., Brooklyn, N. Y. (52).
St. Olaf Library, Northfield, Minn. (52).
Wilmington Institute Free Library, Wilmington, Del. (52).
Summary:
Surviving Founders, 3 ; Patrons, 2 ; Honorary Fellows, 3 ; Fellows,
1255; Members, 2864; Total, 4127.
NoTB. — The omission of an address in the foregoing list indicates that letter* mailed to
that last printed were returned a^ uncalled for. Information of the present address of tiic
members so indicated is requested by the Pbrmanxnt Sbckrtary.
(196)
GBOGRAPRICAL DlStftlfiUTlON — ALA.-ARK.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION.
[Corrected to April i, 1904.]
ALABAMA.
Auburn.
Dunstan, A. St. C, Polytechnic Institute.
Miller, Emerson R., Polytechnic Institute.
Ross, Bennett Battle, Polytechnic Institute.
Southall, James P. C, Polytechnic Institute.
Wilcox, Edwin M., Polytechnic Institute.
Wilmore, J. J., Polytechnic Institute.
Grbbnsboro.
Carson, Shelby Chad wick.
MOBILB.
Shaffner, Samuel C, care Electric Lighting Company.
Selma.
DuBose, P. G., 915 Alabama Street.
Kirkpatrick, Samuel.
Univbrsitt.
Buchner, Edward F.
McCalley, Henry.
Smith, Eugene Allen.
ARIZONA.
Flagstaff.
Slipher, V. M., Lowell Observatory.
Globb.
Collins, T. Shields.
Prbscott.
Blau velt, ' Harrington.
Tucson.
Cannon, W. A., Desert Botanical Laboratory.
Forbes, Robert H.
Thomber, John J., Agric. Exper. Station.
ARKANSAS.
Conway.
Hendrix College Library.
Faybttbvillb.
Johnson, W. Smythe, University of Arkansas.
Muckenfuss, A. M., University of Arkansas.
GBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — CAL.
Pickel, Prank Welbom, University of Arkansas.
Purdue, Albert Homer, University of Arkansas.
Rose, Lewis H., University of Arkansas.
Walker, Ernest, University of Arkansas.
Fort Smith.
Molitor, Frederic A.
CALIFORNIA.
Bbrkbley.
Bancroft, Frank Watts, University of California.
Blake, Edwin Mortimer, 1910 Addison Street.
Blasdale, Walter Charles, University of California.
Booth, Edward, University of California.
Esterly, Calvin O., University of California.
Hilgard, E. W., University of California.
Jaffa, Meyer Edward.
Kofoid, Charles Atwood, University of California.
Kroeber, A. L., University of California.
Lawson, Andrew C, University of California.
Lewis, E. Percival, University of California.
Loughridge, R. H., University of California.
Merriam, John C, University of California.
Miller, Loye Holmes, University of California.
Moore, Ernest Carroll, University of California.
Morgan, Wm. Conger, University of California.
Ritter, William Emerson, University of California.
Smith, William Sidney Tangier.
Stingham, Irving, University of California.
Torrey, Harry Beal, University of California.
Woodworth, C. W., University of California.
Wrinch, Frank Sidney, University of California.
Clarbmokt.
Brackett, Frank P., Pomona College.
Echo Mountain.
Larkin, Edgar L., Lowe Observatory.
Gaviota.
Hollister, John James.
Highland.
Browning, Charles C.
Kelsbyvillb.
Chisholm, A. Arthur.
(198)
GBOGHAPHtCAL DiSTRIBUtlON — CAL.
Kbnnbt.
Brown, Austin H., Jr.
Los Anoblbs.
Baumgardt, B. R.. 626 W. 30th St.
Comstock, Theo. B., 534 Stinson Building.
Dozier, Melville, State Normal School.
Ellis, H. Bert, 243-345 Bradbury Bldg
Hooker, John D., 325 West Adams Street.
Hoose, James H., University of Southern California.
Knight, Wm. H., 2 Bryson Block.
Powell, Thomas, 315-217 Laughlin Building.
Shepherd, Frank I., University Station.
Stearns, Robert E. C, 1035 East x8th Street.
Taber, G. M., 508 Laughlin Building.
Warrington, James N., 171 1 South Hope Street.
Williamson, Mrs. M. Burton, 1060 West Jefferson Street.
Marb Island.
See, T. J. J., Observatory.
Martinbz.
Muir, John.
Mt. Hamilton.
Aitken, Robert G., Lick Observatory.
Albrecht, Sebastian, Lick Observatory.
Campbell, William Wallace, Lick Observatory.
Perrine, C. D., Lick Observatory.
Tucker, Richard Hawley, Lick Observatory.
Mountain Vibw.
Ehrhom, Edw. M.
NORTHFORK.
Shinn, Charles Howard.
Oakland.
LeConte, Louis Julian, P. O. Box 483.
Orovillb.
Kimball, Edwin Boyce.
Palo Alto.
Nott, Charles Palmer, P. O. Box 381.
Pasadbna.
Arnold, Delos, Olcott Place.
Bridge, Norman, 100 Grand Avenue.
Claypole, Miss Edith J., 50 S. Grand Ave.
P^nyes, Adalbert, P. O. Box 30.
(199)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — CAL.
Johnson, John Benjamin, 708 Bast Colorado Street.
McBride, Jas. H.
Mattison, Fitch C. E., Stowell Building.
Point Rbybs Light.
Thiessen, Alfred Henry.
Sacrambnto. '
Briggs, Wallace A., 1005 K Street.
Cranston, Robert E., 36 Physicians Building.
Lichthardt, G., Jr., 1800 M Street.
San Dibgo.
Carpenter, Ford A., United States Weather Bureau.'
San Francisco.
Amweg, Frederic James, 218-222 Rialto Building.
Anderson, Winslow, 1095 Sutter Street.
Barkan, Adolph, Mutual Savings Bank Building.
Bishop, James Hall, 2309 Washington Street.
Bishop, Mrs. Josephine Hall, 2309 Washington Street.
Blum, Sanford, 1243 Franklin Street.
Brown, Philip K., 161 2 Van Ness Avenue.
Davidson, George, 2221 Washington Street.
Eastwood, Miss Alice, Academy of Sciences.
Grossman, Edward L., 41 3 J Kearny Street.
Herzstein, M., 801 Sutter Street.
Hirschfelder, Jos. Oakland, 1392 Geary Street.
Hood, William, 512 Van Ness Avenue.
Jones, Philip Mills, 17x0 A Stockton Street.
Kelley, Walter S., 1393 Golden Gate Avenue.
Lachman, Arthtir, 1909 Eddy Street.
Lee, Francis Valentine T., 69-75 New Montgomery Street.
Lengfeld, Felix, 202 Stockton Street.
Louderback, George D., 122a Geary Street.
Manson, Marsden, 20x0 Gough Street.
Molcra, E. J., 606 Clay Street.
Moody, Mrs. Agnes Claypole, 125 Belvedere Street.
Moody, Robert O., Hearst Anatomical Laboratory.
Moser, Jefferson F., Ferry Station.
Stevenson, Robert, P. O. Box 2214.
Taylor, Alonzo Englebert, 1809 Broadway.
Vining, E. P., 49 Second Street.
von Hoffmann, Charles, 1014 Sutter Street.
(300)
OftOGtlAPttiCAL DidtftlfiUtlON — COLO.
San Jose.
Carey, Everett P., High School.
Hall, J. Underwood, 45 Jirorth ist Street.
Pierce, Newton B.
Oothout, William.
Burbank, Luther.
Steinwand, O. W.
Santa Ana.
Santa Barbara.
Santa Rosa.
Sbliia.
Stanford Univbrsity.
Branner, John C.
Campbell, Douglas H.
Carlson, Anton Julius.
Dudley, William R.
Polsom, David M.
Gilman, Charles £.
Jenkins, Oliver Peebles.
Jordan, David Starr.
Kellogg, Vernon Lyman.
Miller, George A.
Mitchell, John P.
Newsom, John F.
Peirce, George James.
Sanford, Fernando.
Slonaker, J. Rollin.
Starks, Edwin Chapin.
Stearns, H. D. '
Storey, Thomas Andrew.
Still man, John M.
Wilbur, Ray Lyman.
Young, Stewart Woodford.
TULANB.
Tuohy, John.
Ukiah.
Townley, Sidney Dean, International Latitude Observatory.
COLORADO.
Anaconda.
Thayer, Harry Stanley, The Montana.
(201)
GEOGRAPHICAL DIStfclBUTIOH — COLO.
BOULDBR.
Annear. John Brothers, 1028 Regent Street.
Baker, James H., University of Colorado.
Duane, William, University of Colorado.
George, Russell D., University of Colorado.
Henderson, Junius, University of Colorado.
Patton, Arthur L.. State Preparatory School.
Ramaley, Francis, University of Colorado.
Colorado Springs.
Anderson, James Thomas, 1421 Wood Avenue.
Cajori, Florian, Colorado College.
Cockerell, T. D. A.. Cobum Library.
Cragin, Francis Whittemore, 17 15 Wood Avenue.
Evans-Car rington, Edward. 227 E. Cucharras Street.
Gardiner, Charles Fox, 818 N. Cascade Avenue.
Hawkins, J. Dawson.
Hayes, Joel Addison.
Hoagland, Henry Williamson, 327 N. Nevada Avenue.
Loud, Frank H.
McAllister, Henry, Jr., 512 Mining Exchange Building.
N. P. Cobum Library, Colorado College.
Pastorius, Charles Sharpless, care of Van Briggle Pottery Co.
Shedd, John C.
Sturgis, Wm. C, 28 E. Columbia Street.
Cripplb Crbbk.
Moore, Charles James, P. O. Box 548.
Dbnvbr.
Alexander, George E., 1736 Champa Street.
Bell, George, a 00 S. Washington Avenue.
BoUes, Newton A., 1457-59 Ogden Street.
Brunton, David W., 865 Grant Avenue.
Bullene, Mrs. Emma F. Jay, 143 1 Court Place.
Cannon, George Lyman, High School No. i.
Camahan, Charles T., Equitable Building.
Carpenter, Franklin R., 1420 Josephine Street.
Chase. John, 414-415 Kittredge Building.
Clcrc, Frank L., Hotel Metropole.
Comstock, Charles Worthington, 76 Grant Avenue.
Elder, E. Waite, High School No. i.
Ferril, William C, 2123 Downing Avenue.
Garvin, John B., High School No. i.
Gauss, Robert, care Denver Republican,
(ao2)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — COLO.
Hallack, H. Tuthill, Alcott Station.
Hays, Charles I., care North Side High School.
Hensel, Samuel T., 80 1 East Colfax Avenue.
Holmes, A. M., Jackson Block.
Keim, Edward Tudor, 142 1 Champa Street.
Kepner, Harry V., Manual Training High School.
Kinney, Julius Eugene, 1437 Stout Street.
Lender, Mrs. Jtdia A., a 201 Lincoln Avenue.
Leonard, Percy A., P. O. Box 364'
Ling, Charles Joseph, Manual Training High School.
Mahin, John W., 1411 i6th Street.
Miles, Mrs. Cornelia, 1544 Pranldin Street.
Peabody, Mrs. Lucy E., 1430 Corona Street.
Peck, W. A., 1643 Champa Street.
Sessinghaus, Gustavus, 1360 Columbine Street.
Skinner, James Dudley, 823 East X4th Avenue.
Snedaker, James A., 850 Equitable Building.
Spence, Harold C.
Steams, Thomas B., 1720 California Street.
Traylor, Miss Mary C, 653 South Grant Avenue.
Vaile, Joel P., 420 Equitable Building.
Walter, Rudolph J., 1452 Blake Street.
Wantland, C. E., 1025 17th Street.
Whitted, Thomas B., General Electric Company.
Wuensch, Alfred F., 1220 Corona Street.
Fort Collins.
Aylesworth, Barton O., Agricidtural College,
Carpenter, Louis G., Agricultural College.
Danielson, A. H., Agrictdtural College.
Davis, Charles F.
Gillette, C. P., Agricultural College.
Griffith, C. J., Agricultural College.
Lawrence, James W., Agrictdtural College.
Paddock, Wendell, Agricultural College.
Stump, James A., Agrictdtural College.
Trimble, Robert E., Agrictdtural College.
Golden.
Alderson, Victor C, Colorado School of Mines.
Patton, Horace B., Colorado School of Mines.
Traphagen, Frank W., Colorado School of Mines.
Grbblby.
Abbott, Frank L., State Normal School.
(303)
dEOC^RAf>ritCAL DISTRlBUtldhf — COLO. — CONN.
Beardsley, Arthur E., State Normal School.
Snyder, Zachariah X., State Normal School.
Lbadvillb.
Troth, Alonzo P.
Magnolia.
Blakeslee, Olin S. '
PUBBLO.
Holbrook, Henry R.
Palmer, Irving A., Eiler's Plant, A. S. & R. Co.
Tblluridb.
Adams, Orr J.
Lay, Henry Champlin. •
Trinidad.
Parker, Charles V. *
University Park.
Engle, Wilber D., University of Denver. N
Howe, Herbert Alonzo, University of Denver. '»
Russell, Herbert Edwin, University of Denver.
Warren, Henry W.
Victor.
Finch, John Wellington.
Woodbridge, Tyler Reed, The Taylor and Brunton Sampling Co.
CONNECTICUT.
AnSONIA. ;
Brittin, Lewis H.
Grower, Geo. G.
Bridgeport.
Godfrey, Charles C, 753 Lafayette Street.
Lovett, Miss Mary, 293 Golden Hill. '^
Pratt, Alexander, Jr., 26 Brunnell Street.
Wilson, Frederick Morse, 834 Myrtle Avenue.
Collinsvillb.
Sears, Edward H.
Cromwbll.
Hallock, Prank Klirkwood.
Daribn. , . .
Brett, George P.
(204)
geographical distribution — conn.
Hartford.
Beach, Charles Coffingp 54 Woodland Street.
Bond, George M., 141 Washington Street.
Edwards, Charles Lincoln, Trinity College.
Genthe, Karl W., Trinity College.
Goodwin, James, 76 Garden Street.
Greene, Jacob L., Office Mutual Life Insurance Company.
Howard, Charles P., 116 Farmington Avenue.
Hyde, Clement C, 41 Willard Street.
Pease, Miss Clara A., Public High School.
Perkins, Arthur, 14 State Street.
Riggs, Robert Baird, Trinity College.
St. John, Howell W., P. O. Box 913.
Strong, Frederick G., Box 959.
Veeder, Curtis Hussey, 40 Willard Street.
Lakbvillb.
Bissell, Leslie Dayton, Hotchkiss School.
Litchfield.
Peck, Frederic W.
Mbridbn.
Hitchcock, Caroline Judson, High School.
Pettie, J. T.
MiDDLETOWN.
Atwater, W. O., Wesleyan University.
Bradley, Walter Parke, Wesleyan Universif
Cady, Walter G., Wesleyan University.
Crawford, Morris B.
Hart, Samuel, Berkeley Divinity School.
Rice, W. North, Wesleyan University.
Van Vleck, John M., Wesleyan University.
Wilcox, Miss Emily T.
New Haven.
Anderson, William G., Yale Gymnasium.
Arnold, Ernst Hermann, 46 York Square.
Baker. Hugh P., Yale Forest School.
Baldwin, Simeon E.
Barrel!, Joseph, 105 Bishop Street.
Bauder, Arthur Russell, Boardman High School.
Bishop, L. B., 356 Orange Street.
Brewer, William H., 418 Orange Street.
Brown, Mrs. Robert, Observatory Place.
Caos)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — CONN.
Brown, Robert, Yale University Observatory.
Browning, Philip Embury, Yale University.
Brush, George J., Yale University.
Chase. Frederick L., Yale University Observatory.
Chittenden, Russell H., Yale University.
Churchill, William. Yale University.
Dana, Edward Salisbury.
Du Bois, Aug. J.
Dudley, S. W., 333 York Street.
Duncan, George M., Yale University.
Elkin, William L., Yale University Observatory.
Evans, Alexander W., la High Street,
Fisher. Irving, 460 Prospect Street.
Gooch, Frank A., Yale University.
Granville, William Anthony, Yale University.
Gregory, Herbert E., Yale University.
Harrison, Judge Lynde, 52 Hillhouse Avenue.
Hastings, C. S., Yale University.
Hotchkiss, Henry Stuart, 55 Hillhouse Avenue.
Hurst, Julius H., 269 Canner Street.
Jenkins, Edward H., Agricultural Station.
Judd, Charles H., Yale University.
Kindle, Edward M., 109 Elm Street.
Lang, Henry R., Yale University.
Lockwood, Edwin H., Yale University.
MacCurdy, George Grant, 237 Church Street.
Marble, Milton M., Hillhouse High School.
McAllister, Cloyd N., Yale University.
Moody, Mrs. Mary B., Fair Haven Heights.
Penfield, S. L., Yale University.
Phillips, Andrew W., 209 York Street.
Richards, Charles B., 237 Edwards Street.
Scripture, E. W., Yale University.
Skinner, Clarence Edward, 67 Grove Street.
Sneath, E. Hershey, Yale University.
Talbot, Miss Mignon, 134 Howe Street.
Verrill, Addison E., 86 Whalley Avenue.
Washington, Charles Milnor, The Graduate Club.
Wheeler, Henry Lord, Yale University.
Williams, Henry Shaler, Yale University.
Wright, Arthur W., Yale University.
Zahm, George, Yale University.
Norfolk.
Stoeckel, Carl.
(»6)
obooraphical distribution — del.
Portland.
Sa^e, John H.
South Norfolk.
Hall, Asaph.
South Norwalk.
Hill, Ebeneser, Norwalk Iron Works.
Stamford.
Emery, Albert H.
Emery, Albert Hamilton, Jr., 31a Main Street.
Watbrbury.
Rodman, Charles S.
Thompson, Hugh L.
White, LeRoy S., 19 Buckingham Avenue.
Wbst Cornwall.
Gold, Theodore S.
Wbst Havbn.
Nason, Frank L.
Wbstport.
Ruland, Frederick D.
WiLLIMANTIC.
Fox, Charles James, Lock Box A.
Windsor.
Heath, Harry E., The Eddy Electric Mfg. Co.
DELAWARE.
MONTCHANIN.
DvL Pont, Francis G.
Newark.
Brown, Harold W., Delaware College.
Wood, Arthur J., Delaware College.
Wilmington.
Brown, Glenn V., 130a Jefferson Street.
Canby, William M., zioi Delaware Avenue.
Leisen, Theodore Alfred.
Puscy, Charles W., The Pusey & Jones Co.
Reese, Charles L., 1020 Jackson Street.
(307)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D. C.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Washington.
Abbe, Cleveland, Weather Bureau.
Abbe, Cleveland, Jr., U. S. Geological Survey.
Abbe, Truman, 2017 I Street, N.W.
Abbott, Charles G., Smithsonian Institution.
Ailes, Milton E., Riggs National Bank.
Allderdice, William H., Navy Department.
Allen, Edwin W., Department of Agriculture.
Allen. P. I.. Patent Office.
Allen, H. Jerome, 421 H Street, N.E.
Alsop, E. B., 1502 20th Street N.W. ;
Alvord, Henry E., Department of Agriculture.
Arnold, Ralph, Geological Survey.
Ashmead, William H., National Museum.
Austin, Oscar P., Bureau of Statistics.
Ayres, Horace B., Geological Survey.
Bailey, Vernon, Department of Agriculture.
Baker, Frank, 1728 Columbia Road.
Balch, Alfred William, Navy Department.
Baldwin, Wm. D., 25 Grant Place.
Ball, Carleton R., Department of Agriculture.
Bamum, Miss Charlotte C, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Bartsch, Paul, National Museum.
Bates, Henrv H., The Portland.
Bauer, Louis A., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Beal, Walter H., Department of Agriculture.
Beaman, George Herbert, 2232 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Bebb, Edward C, Geological Survey.
Becker, George F., Geological Survey.
Bell, Alex. Graham, 1331 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Bell, Alexander Melville, 1525 3Sth Street.
Benjamin, Marcus, National Museum.
Benton, John R., 132 A Street N.E.
Bermann, I., The Plaza.
Bessey, Ernst A., Department of Agriculture.
Bigelow, Frank H., Weather Bureau.
Bigelow, W. D., Department of Agriculture. \
Blount, Henry Fitch, "The Oaks."
Bolce, Harold, The Franconia. *,
Boutwell, John Mason, Geological Survey.
Bradford, Royal B., Navy Department.
Briggs, Lyman J., Department of Agriculture.
Bright, Richard R., Navy Department.
(208)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D. C.
B redhead, Mark, 1733 19th Street, N.W.
Brooks, Alfred Hulse, Geological Survey.
Brown, Clement, 1440 M Street, N.W.
Brown, Edgar, Department of Agriculture.
Brown, Ellis W., 924 24th Street, N.W.
Browne, Aldis B., 141 9 F Street, N.W.
Bryan, Joseph H., 818 17th Street, N.W.
Butterfield, Elmore E., Columbian University.
Cameron, P. K., Department of Agriculture.
Campbell, Marius R., Geological Survey.
Carr. William Kearney, 1413 K Street, N.W.
Carr, William Phillips, 141 8 L Street, N.W.
Carroll, James, 2147 F Street, N.W.
Carleton, M. A., Department of Agriculture.
Chamberlain, Frederic M., Bureau of Fisheries.
Chapman, Robert Hollister, Geological Survey.
Chester, Colby M., Naval Observatory.
Chickering, J. W., '*The Portncr."
Chittenden, Frank Hurl but. Department of Agriculture.
Clapp, Frederick G., Geological Survey.
Clark, James Albert, "The Cumberland."
Clarke, F. W., Geological Survey.
Claudy, C. H.. 1302 F Street.
Clifton, Richard S., Department of Agriculture.
Collier, Arthur James, Geological Survey.
Collins, Guy N., Department of Agriculture.
Cook, Orator P., Department of Agrictdture.
Coquillett, D. W., National Museum.
Corbett, L. C, Department of Agriculture.
Coville, Frederick V., Department of Agriculture.
Crampton, Charles A., Treasury Department.
Crandall, Francis A., 2219 15th Street, N.W.
Crosby, Oscar Terry, Cosmos Club.
Crowell, John Franklin, Bureau of Statistics.
Crozier, Wm., Ordnance Office, War Department.
Curtis, William E., Post Building.
Cushman, AUerton, Department of Agriculture.
Dall, William H., Smithsonian Institution.
Darton, Nelson Healey, Geological Survey.
Daugherty, Jerome, Georgetown University.
Davis, C. H., Navy Department.
Dean, Edward B., Hotel Gordon.
Dew^ey, Lyster H., Department of Agriculture.
Diller, J. S., U. S. Geological Survey.
Dodge, Charles Richards, 1336 Vermont Avenue, N.W,
(209)
GBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D. C.
Dow, Allan W., District Building.
Droop, Edward F., 1455 Bacon Street.
Duvel, Joseph W. T., Department of Agriculture.
Dyar, Harrison G., National Museum.
Eckel, Edwin C, U. S. Geological Survey.
Edwards, Clarence R., War Department.
Eichelberger, William Snyder, Naval Observatory.
Eimbeck, William, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Ely, Charles R., 5 Kendall Green.
Emmons, S. F., Geological Survey.
Emory, Frederick, State Department.
Evans, Henry B., 3009 Cambridge Place.
Evans, Walter H., Department of Agriculture.
Evermann, Barton W., Bureau of Fisheries.
Fairchild, David Grandison, Department of Agriculture.
Fargis, Geo. A., Georgetown University.
Farquhar, Henry, Census Office.
Fesscnden, Reginald A., 8th and Water Streets. S.W.
Fewkcs, J. Walter, Bureau of American Ethnology.
Fireman, Peter, Cosmos Club.
Fischer, Louis Albert, Bureau of Standards.
Fisher, Robert Jones, 614 F Street, N.W.
Fletcher, Robert, Army Medical Museum.
Flint, James M., "Stoneleigh Court."
Forwood. William H., 1425 Euclid Place, N.W.
Frederick, Charles Wamock, Naval Observatory.
French, Owen B., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Frisby, Edgar, Naval Observatory.
Fuller, Melville W., 1801 F Street, N.W.
Fuller, Myron L., Geological Survey.
Gaff. Thomas T.. 1738 M Street.
Galloway, B. T., Department of Agriculture.
Garriott, Edward B., Weather Bureau.
Gilbert, G. K., Geological Survey.
Gill, Theodore N., Cosmos Club.
Girty, George H., Geological Survey.
Glover, Charles C, 1703 K Street, N.W.
Gould, H. P., 1219 13th Street, N.W.
Graham, Andrew B., 1230 Pennsylvania Avenue.
Green, Bernard Richardson, 1738 N Street, N.W.
Griffiths, David, Department of Agriculture.
Grosvenor. Gilbert H., Corcoran Building.
Guthe, Karl E., Bureau of Standards.
(2 10)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D. C.
Hague, Arnold, Geological Survey.
Hamilton, William, Bureau of Education.
Harbaugh, Miss Joanna, iioo M Street.
Harris, RoUin Arthiir, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Hartley, Charles P., Department of Agriculture.
Harvie, Miss Lelia J., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Haupt, Herman. "The Concord."
Hay, William P., Howard University.
Hayes, C. Willard, Geological Survey.
Hayford, John F., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Hazard, Daniel L., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Heaton, Augustus G., z6i8 17th Street, N.W.
Hedrick, Henry B., Naval Observatory.
Henry, Alfred J., Weather Bureau.
Herron, William H., Geological Survey.
Hesse, Conrad £., Weather Bureau.
Hill, Edwin A., U. S. Patent Office.
Hill, George A., Naval Observatory.
Hill, Robert Thomas, Geological Survey.
Hillebrand, William F., Geological Survey.
Hillyer, William Eldridge, 1365 Whitney Avenue, N.W.
Hitchcock, Albert Spear, Department of Agriculture.
Hitchcock, Frank H.. Department of Commerce and Labor.
Hitz, John, 1601-3 Thirty-fifth Street.
Hodge, Frederick Webb, Smithsonian Institution.
Hodgkins, H. L., Columbian University.
Hodgkins, William C, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Hogan, Mrs. Louise E., Box 205.
Holmes, Wm. H., National Museum.
Holt, H. P. R., Cosmos Club.
Hopkins, A. D., Department of Agriculture.
Hopkins, N. Monroe, Columbian University.
Hough, Walter, National Museum.
Howard, Leland O., Cosmos Club.
Howard, Mrs. Leland O., 2026 Hillyer Place, N.W.
Howe, Ernest, Geological Survey.
Howell, Edwin E., 612 17th Street, N.W.
Hrdlicka, Al^s, M. D., National Museum.
Hume, Frank, 454 Pennsylvania Avenue.
Hunter, Walter D., Department of Agriculture.
Hutcheson, David, Library of Congress.
Hyde, Miss Edith E., National Museum.
Hyde, John, Department of Agriculture.
James, Mrs. Sarah S., 15 17 O Street, S.E.
Kearney, Thomas H., Department of Agriculture.
(211)
6BOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D; C.
Kendall, William C, Bureau of Fisheries.
Kern, Josiah Quincy, 1825 F Street. 1
Kimball, S. I., Treasury Department.
King, A. F. A., 1315 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
King, F. H., 205 9th Street, S.W.
King, Theo. Ingalls, Naval Observatory.
Kinslcr, John H., Department of Agriculture.
Kirk, Hyland C, 211 6th Street, N.E.
Knapp, Martin A., Interstate Commerce Commission.
Kober, George Martin, 1600 T Street, N.W.
LaFlesche, Francis, 314 ist Street, S.£.
Lamb, Daniel S., 800 loth Street, N.W.
Langley, S. P., Smithsonian Institution.
Lawrence, J. P. S., Navy Department.
Laws, Samuel S., 1733 Q Street, N.W.
Lee, Willis T., Geological Survey.
Leiter, L. Z., Dupont Circle.
Lindenkohl, Adolphus, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Lindenkohl, Henry, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Lindgren, Waldemar, Geological Survey.
Littell, Frank B., Naval Observatory.
Littlehales, G. W., Hydrographic Office.
Lloyd, Morton G., Bureau of Standards.
Lucas, Anthony F., 1406 i6th Street, N.W.
Luebkert, Otto, Colorado Building.
McBride, George W., P. O. Box 173.
McGee, Anita Newcomb, 190 1 Baltimore Street.
McGuire, Joseph D., 1834 i6th Street.
McKenney, Randolph Evans Bender, Department of Agriculture.
McLanahan, George William, 1601 21st Street, N.W.
McLaughlin, Thomas N., 1226 N Street, N.W.
Magill. Arthur E., Hotel Stratford.
Mann, B. Pickman, 19 18 Sunderland Place.
Manning, Miss Eva, 1330 Columbia Road.
Marlatt, Charles L., Department of Agriculture.
Martin, Artemas, Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Marvin, C. F., Weather Bureau.
Mason, Otis T., National Museum.
Matthes, Francois E., Geological Survey.
Matthews, Washington, 1262 New Hampshire Avenue.
Maxon, William R., National Museum.
Maynard, George C, 1407 15th Street.
Maynard, Washburn, Treasury Department.
Mead, Elwood, Department of Agriculture.
(212)
GBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D. C.
•
Mendenhall, Walter C, Geological Survey.
Merriam, C. Hart, Department of Agrictdture.
Miller. Frederick A., 2201 Massachusetts Avenue.
Miller, Gerrit S., National Museum.
Mitchell. Guy E., 1419 F Street N.W.
Momsen, Hart, Census Office.
Moore, George T. , Department of Agriculture.
Moore, Willis L., Weather Bureau.
Morris, Edward L., Washington High School.
Morton, George L., Room 322, Patent Office.
Mosman, Alonzo T., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Motter, Murray Gait, 181 5 Belmont Avenue.
Muncaster, Stewart Brown, 907 Sixteenth Street, N.W.
Munroe, C. E., Columbian University.
Murray- Aaron,' Eugene, Lanier Heights.
Newcomb, S., 1620 P Street, N.W.
Newell, F. H., Geological Survey.
Norton, J. B., Department of Agriculture.
Noyes, Isaac Pitman, 409 4th Street, S.E.
Nutting, Perley G., Bureau of Standards.
Oberholser, Harry Church, Department of Agriculture.
Ogden, Herbert G., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Orton, W. A., Department of Agriculture.
Osgood, Wilfred H., Department of Agriculture.
Owen, Frederick D., No. 3 Grant Place.
Page, Logan Waller. Department of Agriculture.
Palmer, Edward, Department of Agriculture.
Parker, Edward W., Geological Survey.
Parsons, Francis H., 210 ist Street, S.E.
Patrick, George E., Department of Agriculture.
Patten, Miss Juliet, 2212 R Street, N.W.
Patterson, Mrs. Flora Wambaugh, Department of Agriculture.
Paul, Henry M., 2015 Xalorama Avenue.
Perkins, Edmund T., Geological Survey.
Perkins, Frank W., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Pierce, Perry Benjamin, Patent Office.
Pilling, J. W., 130 1 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Pillsbury, J.E., Navy Department.
Pinchot, Gifford, Department of Agriculture.
Pinchot, J. W., 1615 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Piper, Charles V., Department of Agriculture.
Powers, LeGrand, 3007 13th Street, N.W.
Prentiss, Daniel Webster, 131 5 M Street, N.W.
Price, Thomas Malcolm, Department of Agriculture.
Quaintance, A. L., Department of Agriculture.
(213)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D. C.
Rand, C. F., laaS 15th Street, N.W.
Ransome, Frederick L., Geological Survey. '
Rathbun, Miss Mary J., Smithsonian Institution.
Rathbun, Richard, Smithsonian Institution.
Reber, Samuel, War Department.
Richardson, Charles Williamson, xxoa L Street, N.W.
Richardson, Miss Harriet, Smithsonian Institution.
Ricker, Percy Leroy, Department of Agriculture.
Roberts, Wm. F., 730 15th Street.
Robins, William Littleton, 1700 13th Street, N.W.
Rorer, James B., Department of Agriculture.
Rosa, Edward B., Bureau of Standards.
Rose, Joseph N., National Museum.
Rosenau, Milton J., Public Health and Marine Hospital Service.
Roth, Filibert, Department of Agriculture.
Rothermel, John J., Eastern High School.
Ruffin, Sterling, 1023 Vermont Avenue.
Rutter, Frank Roy, Department of Agriculture.
SaegmuUer, G. N., 132 Maryland Avenue. S.W.
Salmon, Daniel E., Department of Agriculture.
Saunders, Wm. H., 1407 F Street, N.W.
Schaller, Waldemar T., Geological Survey.
Schmeckebier, Laurence Frederick, Geological Survey.
Schmitt, Ewald, 311 Florida Avenue, N.W.
Schuchert, Charles, National Museum.
Schwarz, E. A., Department of Agrictdture.
Scoficld, Carl S., Department of Agriculture.
Scott, W. M., Department of Agriculture.
Seaman, W. H., 1424 zzth Street, N.W.
Shamel, Archibald D., 1227 Princeton Street, N.W.
Shear, Cornelius L., Department of Agriculture.
Shibley, George H., 53 Bliss Building.
Shidy, Leland P., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Shute, D. K., 1 1 01 13th Street, N.W.
Sigsbee, Charles D., Navy Department.
Simpson, John Crayke, Government Hospital for Insane.
Sinclair, Cephas Hampstone, Coast and Geodetic Survev.
Skinner, Aaron Nichols, Naval Observatory.
Smillie, Thomas W., National Museum.
Smith, Erwin F., Department of Agrictdture.
Smith, George Otis, Geological Survey.
Smith. Hugh M., Bureau of Fisheries. '
Smith, Middleton, 16 19 19th Street, N.W.
Snow, Charles Carleton, 1739 9th Street, N.W.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — D. C.
Spear, Ellis, 1601 Laurel Avenue, Mt. Pleasant. 1
Spencer, Arthur Coe, Geological Survey.
Spencer, J. W., 1718 21st Street, N.W.
Spillman, William Jasper, Department of Agriculture.
Sprigg, William Mercer, 1015 i6th Street, N.W.
Stanton, Timothy W., Geological Survey.
Steiger, George, Geological Survey.
Stejneger, Leonhard, National Museum.
Sternberg, George M., War Department.
Stetson, George R., 1441 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Stevenson, Mrs. Matilda C, Bureau of American Ethnology.
Stiles, Charles Wardell, Public Health and Marine Hospital Service.
Stokes, Henry Newlin, Bureau of Standards.
Stone, Alfred H., 200 A Street, S.E.
Stone, Isaac S., 16 18 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Stose, George W., Geological Survey.
Stratton, Samuel W.. Bureau of Standards.
Swingle, Walter T., Department of Agriculture.
Tainter. Charles Sumner, 1405 G Street, N.W.
Talbott, Mrs. Laura Osborne, The Lenox, 1523 L Street N.W.
Tanner, Zera L., The Cairo.
Taylor, Henry W., Box 483, House of Representatives.
Taylor, William Alton, Department of Agriculture.
Thayer, Rufus H., 930 F Street, N.W.
Thompson, Almon Harris, 1729 12th Street, N.W.
Thompson, James David, Library of Congress.
Tiffany, Lyman, 1705 Connecticut Avenue.
Tittmann, Otto H., Coast and Geodetic Survey.
Titus, E. S. G., Department of Agriculture.
Townsend, Charles O., Department of Agriculture.
True, A. C, Department of Agriculture.
True, Fred. W., National Museum.
True, Rodney H., Department of Agriculture.
Truesdell, George, Room 22, Wyatt Building.
Vaughn, T. Wayland, Geological Survey.
Veatch, Arthur Gifford, Geological Survey.
Vinal, W. Irving, 11 06 East Capitol Street.
Wadsworth, Herbert, 1801 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Waidner, Charles W., Bureau of Standards.
Waite, M. B., Department of Agriculture.
Walcott, Charles D., Geological Survey.
Walpole, Frederick A., Department of Agriculture.
Walsh, Thomas F., Le Roy and Phelps Place.
Ward, Lester P., Geological Survey.
(2X5)
<OORAt>RlCAL bldTHlBtJtlOK — D. C. — PLA.
Warder, Robert B., Howard University.
Wead, Charles K., Patent Office.
Webber, Herbert J., Department of Agricidturc.
Weed, W. H., Geological Survey.
Wendling, George R., Cosmos Club.
Wheeler, Charles Fay, Department of Agriculture.
Whelpley, James D., 14 17 G Street,. N.W.
White, David, Geological Survey.
White, Mrs. Mary Bell, 161 5 New Hampshire Avenue.
White, Oscar W., 1116 F Street. N.W.
Whittemore, Williams C, 1526 New Hampshire Avenue.
Wilcox, Mrs. Aaron M., The Arlington.
Wiley, Harvey W., Department of Agriculture.
Wilkins, Miss Lewanna, Eastern High School.
Willis, Bailey, Geological Survey.
Wilson, Miss Alisan, The Lenox.
Wilson, John C, Cosmos Club.
Wilson, Mrs. Thomas, 1218 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Winter, Mahlon A., 339 Pennsylvania Avenue.
With^rspoon, Thomas A., Department of Interior.
Wolff, Frank A., Jr., Bureau of Standards.
Wood, Miss Elvira, 1425 Wellington Place.
WoodhuU, Maxwell Van Zandt, 2033 G Street.
Woods, Albert F., Department of Agriculture.
Wood worth, George Keen, Patent Office.
Wright, Carroll D., Department of Commerce and Labor.
Wyman, Walter, Public Health and Marine Hospital Service.
Yarrow, H. C, 814 17th Street, N.W.
FLORIDA.
Db Land.
Baerecke, John F., Stetson University.
Osborne, Frank Russell, Stetson University.
Fbrnandina.
Carnegie, Thomas Morrison, Dungeness.
Grken Cove Springs.
Herty, Charles H.
Jacksonvillb.
Hammatt, Clarence S., Florida Electric Co.
Souvielle, Mathieu, Box 355.
Souvielle, Mrs. Mathieu, Box 355.
(216)
G&OGIlAl>HICAL DISTRIBUTION — CA.
Kby Wb8T.
Vogdes, A. W.
La KB City.
Gossard, Harry Arthur, Florida Agrictiltural College.
Miami.
Rolfs, P. H.
St. Auoustinb.
McLain, Louis Randolph, Florida Engineering Co.
Tallahassbb.
Bierly, H. £., State Seminary.
Wbst Palm Bbach.
Potter, Richard B.
GEORGIA.
Athbns.
Patterson, Andrew H., University of Georgia.
Snelling, Charles Mercer, University of Georgia.
White, H. C, University of Georgia.
Woodberry, Miss Rosa Louise, Lucy Cobb Institute.
Atlanta.
Black, Homer V., Georgia School of Technology.
Du Bois, William E. B., Atlanta University.
Ford, Arthur H., Georgia School of Technology.
Furlow, Floyd Charles, Georgia School of Technology.
Walker, R. M., 713 Prudential Building.
Webster, Edgar H., Atlanta University.
Yeates, W. S.
AUGUSXA.
Lyle, David A., Augusta Arsenal.
Martin, Wm. L.
Granger, Arthur O.
Avis, Edward S.
Steiner, Roland.
Cartbrsvillb.
Dahlonega.
Grovbtown.
Macon.
McHatton, Henry.
Sellers, James Freeman, Mercer University.
(217)
geographical distribution — hawaii — idaho — ill.
Oxford.
Duncan, Fred. N., Emory College.
Savannah.
Nunn, R. J.. 5 East York Street.
Wesson, David, care Southern Cotton Oil Co.
HAWAII.
Honolulu.
Smith, Jared G., Agricultural Experiment Station.
Van Dine, Delos Lewis, Agricultural Experiment Station.
Wilson, Robert Lee, Box 974.
IDAHO.
BOISB.
Wiley, Andrew J., Boise- Payette River Electric Power Co.
Wright, Cary, Box 654.
Payette.
Galloway, David Henry.
ILLINOIS.
Bloomington.
Brown, George P.
Guthne, William E.
Hartzell, J. Ctilver, Illinois Wesleyan University.
Brimpibld.
Knapp, Alfred A.
Carlinville.
Robertson, Charles.
Carmi.
Berry, Daniel.
Champaign.
Davenport, Eugene, University of Illinois.
Folsom, Justus Watson, University of Illinois.
Gleason, H. Allan, John Street.
Kemp, George T., University of Illinois.
Shattuck, Samuel Walker, University of Illinois.
Charleston.
Caldwell, Otis W., State Normal School.
Haukinson, Thomas L., State Normal School.
Taylor, Edson Homer, Eastern Illinois State Normal School,
geographical distribution — ill.
Chicago.
Allen, Miss Jessie Blount, University of Chicago.
Anderson, Alexander P., American Cereal Co., Monadnock Building.
Andrews, Walker C, John Crerar Library.
Arnold, Bion J., 4198 Prairie Avenue.
Ayer, Edward Everett, 915 Old Colony Btiilding.
Barnes, Charles Reid, University of Chicago.
Bamhart, Arthur M., 185 Monroe Street.
Bement, A., 218 La Salle Street.
Bethea, Solomon Hix, Chicago Club.
Brill, George M., Z134 Marquette Building.
Cams, Paul, 324 Dearborn Street.
Chamberlain, Charles Joseph, University of Chicago.
Chamberlain, Patil M., Lewis Institute.
Chamberlin, Rollin T., Hyde Park Hotel.
Chamberlin, T. C. Hyde Park Hotel.
Chanute, O., 413 East Huron Street.
Child, Charles Manning, University of Chicago.
Clark. Howard Walton, Field Columbian Museum.
Cloud, John W., 974 The Rookery.
Copeland, Edw. B., 653 East 57th Street.
Coulter, John M., University of Chicago.
Craig, Wallace, University of Chicago.
Davenport, Charles Benedict, University of Chicago.
Davis, Bradley Moore, University of Chicago.
Davis, Charles Gilbert, 31 Washington Street.
Davis, Nathan Smith, 65 Randolph Street.
Davis, N. S., Jr., 991 Huron Street.
Delano, Frederic A., 909 Adams Street.
Dixson, Zella A., University of Chicago.
Dorsey, George A., Field Columbian Museum.
Doubt, Thomas Eaton, 693 East 57th Street.
Eycleshymer, Albert C, University of Chicago.
Fischer, Charles E. M., 259 S. Clinton Street.
Foote, Allen R., 625 Home Insurance Building.
Fuller, Charles Gordon, Reliance Building.
Gunsattlus, Frank W., Armour Institute.
Hall, Winfield Scott, 2431 Dearborn Street.
Harper, Wm. R., University of Chicago.
Harvey, Nathan Albert, 613 West 67th Street, Englewood.
Head, W. R., 5467 Jefferson Avenue.
Hefferan, Miss Mary, University of Chicago.
Hektoen, Ludwig, University of Chicago.
Henius, Max, 294 So. Water Street.
Holferty, George M., University of Chicago.
(219)
0BO6RAPBICAL DISTRIBUTION — ILL.
Hopkins, Anderson H., John Crerar Library.
Howerth, Ira Woods, University of Chicago.
Howland, Howard N., ii6 South 52d Avenue.
Iddings, Joseph P., University of Chicago.
Johnson, Frank Seward, 2521 Prairie Avenue.
Jordan, Edwin Oakes, University of Chicago.
Kinsley, Carl, Quadrangle Club.
Klebs, Arnold C, 100 State Street.
Land, William Jesse Goad, Department Botany, Univ. Chicago.
Latham, Vida A., 808 Morse Avenue, Rogers Park.
Lillie, Frank R., University of Chicago.
Linder, Oliver A., 35 Clark Street.
Logan, F. G., 2919 Prairie Avenue.
Long, John H., 2421 Dearborn Street.
Lutz, Frank Eugene, University of Chicago.
Lyman, James, 1047 Monadnock Building.
Mc Arthur, Lewis L., 100 State Street.
McKeown, W. W., Jr., 160 Washington Street.
Maxwell, George H., 1702 Fisher Building.
Merriman, C. C, 19 10 Surf Street.
Michelson, A. A., University of Chicago.
Mohr, Louis, 32 Illinois Street.
Moore, Eliakim H., University of Chicago.
Moyer, Harold N., 103 State Street.
Moulton, Forest Ray, University of Chicago.
Myers, Geo. W., 61 19 Monroe Avenue.
Nef, J. U., University of Chicago.
Neiler, Samuel Graham, 1409 Manhattan Building.
Nichols, Fred. R., Manual Training High School.
Otis, Spencer, 903 Plymouth Fisher Building.
Owen, Charles Lorin, Field Columbian Museum.
Parker, Miss Florence, 10340 Longwood Avenue.
Pettersen, C. A., 2395 Lowell Avenue.
Plapp, Frederick William, 2549 No. 42d Ave., Irving Park Sta.
Pond, Raymond H., Northwestern University Building, 87 Lake
Street.
Porter, Fred. B., 491 1 Champlain Avenue.
Praeger, William Emilius, University of Chicago.
Salisbury, R. D., University of Chicago.
Schobinger, John J., sioz Indiana Avenue.
Seymour, Paul Henry, 215 East 6ist Street.
ShuU, George Harrison. University of Chicago.
Skiff, F. J. v., Field Columbian Museum.
Smallwood, Miss Mabel Elizabeth, 430 West Adams Street.
Smith, Alexander, University of Chicago.
(220;
OBOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — ILL.
Smith, James Hervey, 217 North Central Avenue.
Smith, Warren Rufus, Lewis Institute.
Starr. Frederick, University of Chicago.
Stevenson, Francis L.. Electrical Engineer, Deering Division, In-
ternational Harvester Co.. 79 Lincoln Avenue.
Stieglitz, Julius, University of Chicago.
Stillhamer, Arthur G., 5809 Jackson Avenue.
Strong, Reuben Myron. University of Chicago.
Strong, Wendell M., Tribune Building.
Wainwright, Jacob T., P. O. Box 774.
Walker, George C, Room 367, Rookery Building.
Ward, Henry A., 6ao Division Street.
Wheeler, C. Gilbert. 214 State Street.
Whittelsey. Theodore, Northwestern University School of Phar-
macy.
Whitman, Charles O., University of Chicago.
Wilcox, Guy Maurice. Armour institute.
Willett, James R., 434 West Jackson Boulevard.
Williams, Benezette, 153 La Salle Street.
Willis, Bernard Darwin, 70-86 West Jackson Boulevard.
Williston, Samuel W., University of Chicago.
Wylie, Robert Bradford, University of Chicago.
Zeleny, Charles, University of Chicago.
Decatur.
Galloway, Thomas W., James Milliken University.
Db Kalb.
Charles, Fred. L.
Dixon.
Garrison, Harriet E., 105 E. Second Street.
EVANSTON.
At well, Charles B., Northwestern University.
Basquin, Olin H., Northwestern University.
Brayton, Sarah H., *'The Hereford."
Crew, Henry, Northwestern University.
Crook, Alja Robinson, Northwestern University.
Eccles, David C. Northwestern University.
Fisk, Herbert F., Northwestern University.
Grant, U. S., Northwestern University.
Hough, G. W., Northwestern University.
Murray, Chas. R., 1207 Maple Avenue.
Porter, Albert B.. 1232 Forest Avenue.
Voung, A. V. E., Northwestern University.
(321)
0b06raprical distribution — ill.
Galbsburo.
Griffith, Herbert Eugene, Knox College.
Longden, A. C, Knox College. ^
Neal, Herbert V., Knox College.
Sprague, Robert James, Knox College.
Greenville. !
Mojonnier, Timothy.
Highland Park.
Grover, Edwin Osgood.
Jacksonvillb.
Hairgrove, John Whitlock.
Overton, James Bertram, Illinois College. *
Pitner, Thomas J., Illinois College. » '
Tingle, J. Bishop, Illinois College.
JOLIET.
Stanislas, Sister M., St. Francis Academy.
Kankakbb.
NefT, Isaac E., High School.
La Grangb.
Hoskins, William.
Lake Forest.
McKec, Ralph Harper, Lake Forest University.
McNeill, Malcolm, Lake Forest University.
Needham, James G., Lake Forest University.
Stevens, Frederick W., Lake Forest University*
Turck, Fen ton B., 362 Dearborn Avenue.
Lincoln.
Oglevee, Christopher S., Lincoln College.
Macomb.
Roberts, H. L., Western Illinois State Normal School.
MOMBNCB.
Little, Henry P., Union Schools.
Monmouth.
Bowlus, E. Lingan, Monmouth College.
Morgan Park.
Schobinger, John J.
(222)
geographical distribution — tf.l.
Mt. Carmbl.
Mt. Carxnel Scientific Society.
/ Oak Park.
Maxwell, Fred. B.
Palmbr. *
Simpson, Jesse P.
Peoria.
Sedgwick, Howard M., 512 Woolner Building.
QUINCY.
Montgomery, Edmund B., 1461 Vermont Street.
River Forest.
Atkins, Martin D., 269 Forest Avenue.
ROCKPORD.
Lichty, Daniel, Masonic Temple.
Rock Island.
Lusk, James L., U. S. Engineer's Office.
Springpield.
Clements, George E.. 628 East Capitol Avenue.
Tatlorvillb.
Andrews, William Edward, 700 South Clay Street.
Upper Alton.
McNeil, Hiram Colver, Shurtleff College.
Urbana.
Bevier, Miss Isabel, University of Illinois.
Burrill, Thomas J., University of Illinois.
Crandall, Charles S., 805 Goodwin Avenue.
Dexter, E. G., University of Illinois.
Grindley, Harry Sands, University of Illinois.
Hart, Charles A., University of Illinois.
Knab. Frederick, University of Illinois.
Knipp, Charles. Tobias, 506 West Illinois Street.
Miner, James B., University of Illinois.
Palmer, Arthur William, 804 West Green Street.
Peters, Amos W., University of Illinois.
Ricker, N. Clifford, University of Illinois.
Rietz, Henry Lewis, University of Illinois.
(223)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — ILL. — IND.
Sager, Fred. Anson, University of Illinois.
Smith, Frank, University of Illinois.
Talbot, Arthur N., University of Illinois.
Webster, F. M.. 806 W. Springfield Avenue.
Pyle, William Henry.
Vandalia.
Waukbgan.
Harwell, John William.
Carter, James Madison G.
Whbaton.
Leonard, John W.
Russell, John B., Superintendent of Schools.
WiLMETTE.
Sharpe, Richard W.
INDIANA.
Bloomington.
Aley, Robert J., University of Indiana.
Andrews, Frank Marion, University of Indiana.
Banta, Arthur M., University of Indiana.
Beede, Joshua W., University of Indiana.
Bergstr6m, John Andrew, University of Indiana.
Bryan, William L., University of Indiana.
Cumings, Edgar R., University of Indiana.
Eigenmann, Carl H., University of Indiana.
Foley, Arthur Lee, University of Indiana.
Lyons, Robert E., University of Indiana.
Marsters, Vernon, University of Indiana.
Miller, John A., University of Indiana.
Moenkhaus, Wm. J., University of Indiana.
Mottier, David M., University of Indiana.
Ramsey, Rolla Roy, 615 East Third Street.
Weatherly, Ulysses Grant, University of Indiana.
Bluppton.
Williamson, Edward Bruce.
Crawpordsvillb.
Bodine, Donaldson, Wabash College.
Emery, Wm. O.
Garner, James Bert, Wabash College.
Kent, Norton A., Wabash College.
Olive, Edgar W.
Thomas, M. B.
(«4)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — IND.
EVANSVILLB.
Evans, Samuel G., 2x1 Main Street.
Fort Waynb.
Kuhnc, F. W., 19 Court Street.
Ladd, George Tallman. care Bass Foundry and Machine Co.
Porter, Miles F., 207 W. Wayne Street.
Siemon, Rudolf, 22 East Jefferson Street.
Taylor, Frank B., 3Q1 Fairfield Avenue.
Taylor, Robert S., Box 2019.
Franklin.
Owen, D. A.
Grbbncastlb.
Cook, Melville T., De Pauw University.
Huntington.
Ward, Louis Clinton.
Indianapolis.
Bell, Guido, 431 East Ohio Street.
Bruner, Henry Lane, Butler College.
Butler, A. W., Board of State Charities.
Dunning, Lehman H., 224 North Meridian Street.
Hadley, Artemus N., Box 313.
Sterne, Albert E., **Norways.*'
Thompson, J. L., 20 West Ohio Street.
Wright, John S., Eli Lilly and Company.
Lapayettb.
Arthur, J. C, Purdue University.
Golden, Miss Katherine E., Purdue University.
Goss, William F. M.
Green, Arthur L., Purdue University.
Jones, Arthur Taber, Purdue University.
Marquis, J. Clyde.
Meigs, Miss Emily.
Snyder, Miss Lillian.
Waldo, Clarence A., Purdue University.
MooRB*s Hill.
Bigney, Andrew J., Moore's Hill College.
New Albany.
Greene, G. K., 127 West Market Street.
Harris, Robert Wayne, 621 Vincennes Street.
(225)
geographical distribution — ind. — iowa.
Rensselaer.
Headlee, T. J.
Richmond.
Dennis, David Worth, Earlham College.
Lindley, Ernest H., University of Indiana.
Sackett, Robert L., Earlham College.
Rochester.
Watson, Joseph Ralph, Rochester Normal University.
Tbrrb Haute.
Dryer, Charles R., State Normal School.
Gray, Thomas.
Johonnott, Edwin Sheldon, Rose Polytechnic Institute.
McBeth, William A., State Normal School.
Mees, Carl Leo, Rose Polytechnic Institute.
Patterson, A. M., Rose Polytechnic Institute.
Wagner, Frank C, Rose Polytechnic Institute.
Valparaiso.
Weems, Mason Locke, Valparaiso College.
INDIAN TERRITORY.
Apton.
Hartshorns.
Harper, R. H.
Bond, R. I.
IOWA.
Allison.
Burroughs, Paul L.
Ames.
Beyer, Samuel W., Agricultural College.
Bissell, G. W., Iowa State College.
Guthrie, Joseph E., Iowa State College.
Lanphear, Burton S., Iowa State College.
Pammel, L. H., Agricultural College.
Spinney, L. B., Agricultural College.
Summers, Henry E., Argicultural College.
Weems, J. B., Agricultural College.
Armstrong.
Cratty, R. I,
(226;
geographical distribution — iowa.
Burlington.
Ricker, Maurice, High School.
Scherf, C. Harry, 114 Marietta Street.
Cedar Rapids.
Fraeker, George C, Coe College.
Clarinda.
Witte, Max Ernest, Clarinda State Hospital.
Clinton.
FarnsT\orth, Philo J.
Davenport.
Putnam, Miss Elizabeth D.
Putnam, Henry St. Clair.
Des Moines.
Grabill, H. P., 1004 Enas Avenue.
Higgins, Lafayette, West D. M. High School.
Kinney, Charles Noyes, Drake University.
Savage, Thomas E., Iowa Geological Survey.
Still, Geo. A., 1716 N. 9th Street.
Dubuque.
Herrmann, Richard, Institute Science and Arts.
Keane, Rt. Rev. John J.
Ruete, Otto M., 721 Bluflf Street.
Epworth.
Anderson, Frank P.
EsTHERViLLE.
Fitzpatrick, Thomas J.
Fairfield.
Clarke, James Frederick.
Gable, George D., Parsons College.
Farley.
McGec, D. W.
McGee, Miss Emma R., Box 197.
Fort Dodge.
Oleson, Olaf M.
Glenwood.
Dean, Seth.
(227)
geographical distribution iowa.
Grinnbll.
Fink, Prof. Bruce, Iowa College.
Hill. Bruce V.
Grundy Crktbr.
McAlvin, J. G.
Iowa City.
Calvin, Samuel.
Hobby, C. M.
Houser, Gilbert L., University.
Macbride, Thomas H.
MacLean, George E., State University.
Nutting, Charles C, University.
Rockwood, Elbert W., University.
Seashore. Carl E., University.
Shimek, Bohumil, State University.
Shrader, John Clinton, State Board of Health.
Smith, Arthur George, University.
Teeters, Wilbur John, University.
Veblen, Andrew A., University.
Weld, Laenas Gifford, State University.
Williams, Miss Mabel Clare.
Indianola.
Tilton, John Littlefield, Simpson College.
Keokuk.
Meigs, Montgomery, Office of D. M. R. Canal.
Mason City.
Craig, Moses. Memorial University.
Mt. Pleasant.
Edwards, John W., Iowa Wesley an University,
Mt. Vernon.
Collin, Alonzo, Cornell College,
loms, Martin J.
Muscatine.
Stein, Simon G.
Newton.
Lufkin, Albert.
OSKALOOSA.
Meek. Walter J., Penn College.
(228)
gbographical distribution — iowa — kans.
Sioux City.
Jepson, Wm.
Stauffer, Thomas P., 200 nth Street.
Storm Lakb.
Voris, Floyd Thomas, Buena Vista College.
Tripoli.
Jungblut, Herman C.
Vinton.
Luckey, John Eddy.
Whittbn.
McCoy, Ludnius S.
KANSAS.
Atchison.
KneiT, EUsworth B., Midland College,
Augusta.
Pratt, Charles W.
Coldwatbr.
Pyle, Miss Effie B.
Cuba.
HaU, Pred. C, Jr;
Emporia.
I den, Thomas M., State Normal School.
Entbrprisb.
Hoffman, Christian B.
lOLA.
Rissmann, Otto, Cherokee-Lanyon Spelter Company.
Terrell, Arthur Davis, 624 East Madison Street.
Kansas City.
Brooks, Albert A., High School.
Lawrbncb.
Ashton, Charles Hamilton, University of Kansas.
Bailey, E. H. S., University of Kansas.
Bartow, Edward, University of Kansas.
Blackmar, Prank W., University of Kansas.
Cady, Hamilton Perkins, University of Kansas
(229)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — KANS.
Diemer, Hugo, University of Kansas.
Dyche, Lewis Lindsay, University of Kansas.
Franklin, Edward Curtis, University of Kansas.
Hunter, Samuel John, University of Kansas.
Marvin, Frank O., University of Kansas.
McClung, Clarence E., University of Kansas.
Miller, Ephraim, University of Kansas.
Newson, Henry Byron, University of Kansas.
Rice, Martin Everett, University of Kansas.
Snow, F. H., University of Kansas.
Sternberg, Charles Hazelius.
Van der Vrics, John N., University of Kansas.
LiNDSBORG.
Johns, Carl, Bethany College.
Welin, John E., Bethany College.
McPherson.
Hamly, Henry Jacob, McPherson College.
Manhattan.
Walters, John Daniel, Kansas State Agricultural College.
Willard, Julius Terrass, State Experiment Station.
Ottawa.
Ward, Milan L.
Yates, J. A., Ottawa University.
Sbneca.
Hayes, Noah.
Toledo.
Smith, E. R.
TOPEKA.
Cooper, James Campbell, Room 5, Veale Block. .
Grimsley, George Perry, Kansas Academy of Scienc.s.
Menninger, Charles Frederic, 1251 Topeka Avenue.
Patrick, Frank, 601 Kansas Avenue.
Smyth, Bernard B., Academy of Science.
Thompson, Alton H., 721 Kansas Avenue.
WiNPIELD.
Dunlevy, Robert Baldwin, Kansas State Normal College,
(230)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — KY. — LA.
KENTUCKY.
Bowling Grbbn.
Crump, M. H.
Danville.
Gordon, Clarence McC, Centre College.
Nelson, A. B., Centre College.
Earlington.
Atkinson, John B.
Franklin.
Guthrie, William Alvis.
Lexington.
Miller, Arthur M., State College.
Scovell, M. A., Agricultural Experiment Station.
Louisville.
Cobb, Arthur, 600 Equitable Building.
de Funiak, Frederick, 204 East Chestnut Street.
Hubley,*G. Wilbur, Electric Light Company.
Mark, E. H., Center and Walnut Streets.
Marvin, Joseph B., Kentucky University.
Reynolds, Dudley S., 304 W. Chestnut Street.
Thruston, R. C. Ballard, Ballard and Ballard Company.
Wiseman, Carl Marshall, 301 W. Chestnut Street.
Maysville.
Pickett, Thomas E.
Shelbyville.
Hogeboom, Miss Ellen C.
LOUISIANA.
Baton Rouge.
Coates, Charles E., Louisiana State University.
Dalrymple, W. H., State University and Agr. and Mech. College.
Kretz, Charles Henry, State University and Agr. and Mech. College.
Morgan, H. A., State University.
Hammond.
Millard, Charles S.
New Orleans.
Anderson, Douglas S., Tulane University.
Ayres, Brown, Tulane University.
(331)
GB06RAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — LA. — MAINS.
Brice, Albert G., 901 Hennen Building.
Brown, Linus Weed, 741 Carondelet Street.
Browne. Charles A.. Jr., Audubon Park.
Chaill^, Stanford E., Tulane University.
Cline, Isaac M., Weather Bureau.
Dixon, Brandt B., Newcomb College.
Donovan, Cornelius, Custom House.
Low, Clarence P., Liverpool, London, Globe Building,
Lion, Leon Elie, loio Burgundy Street.
Matas, Rudolph, Tulane University.
Smith, J. C, 131 Carondelet Street.
Smith, William Benjamin, Tulane University.
Stubbs, W. C, Audubon Park.
Venable, Wm., Mayo, 708 Hennen Btiilding.
Wilkinson, Levi Washington, Tulane University.
MAINE.
Augusta.
Hichbom, C. S.
Banoor.
Adams, C. E., 99 West Broadway.
Coe, Thomas U.
Bath.
Hervey, A. B.
Brunswick.
Lee, Leslie A., Bowdoin College.
Moody, William Albion, Bowdoin College.
Robinson, Franklin C, Bowdoin College.
Cumberland Mills.
Mason, Herbert Warren.
Lewiston.
Chadboum, Erlon R.
Newswbden.
Nylander, Olof O.
Norway.
Howe, Freeland, Jr. ;,
Orono.
Hart, James S., University of Maine.
Merrill, Lucius H., University of Maine.
(232^
GB06RAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MAINE — MD.
Munson, Wei ton M., University of Maine.
Stevens, James S., University of Maine.
Webb, Howard Scott, University of Maine.
Woods, Charles D., University of Maine.
Portland.
Baxter, James Phinney, Public Library.
Sweat, Mrs. Margaret J. M., 103 Spring St.
RuMPORD Palls.
Mixer, Chas. Adam, Rumford Falls Power Co.
WiSCASSBTT.
Farley, Godfrey Pearson, W. W. & F. R.R. Co.
Yarmouth viLLE.
Hammond, George W.
MARYLAND.
Ammbndalb.
O'Donoghue, Martin.
Annapolis.
Brown, 8. J., United States Naval Academy.
Updegraff, Milton, U. S. Naval Academy.
Annapolis Junction.
Dorsey, N. Ernest.
Baltimore.
Abel, John J., Johns Hopkins University.
Ashcraft, A. M., P. O. Box 742.
Bardeen, Charles Russell, Anatomical Lab., Wolfe and Monu<
ment Streets.
Barrie, George, Johns Hopkins University.
Brooks, William Keith, Johns Hopkins University.
Clark, Miss May, The Woman's College.
Clarke, WilHam Bullock, Johns Hopkins University.
Cohen, Mendes, 825 North Charles Street.
Cushing, Harvey, 3 West Franklin Street.
Dawson, Percy Millard, Johns Hopkins Medical School.
Edmonds, Richard H., care "Manufacturer's Record."
Enders, Howard R., 1007 W. Lafayette Avenue.
Fassig, Oliver Lanard, Johns Hopkins University.
Franklin, Mrs. C. Ladd, 516 Park Avenue.
Freeman, T. J. A., Loyola College.
C233)
Cbographical distribution — MD.
Friedenwald, Harry, 1029 Madison Street.
Gates, Fanny Cook, Woman's College.
Getman, Frederick H., Johns Hopkins University.
Gilchrist, T. Caspar, 317 No. Charies Street.
Gilman, Daniel C, Johns Hopkins University.
Glaser, C, 21 South Gay Street.
Glenn, William, 1348 Block Street.
Goucher, John Franklin, The Woman's College.
Halsted, William Stewart, 1201 Eutaw Place.
Hebden, Edwin, 730 Colorado Avenue.
Hemmeter, John C, 1734 Linden Avenue.
Hooker, Donald R., 1707 Fairmount Avenue.
Howard, Wm. Lee, 11 26 North Calvert Street.
Howell, William H., Johns Hopkins University.
Jacobs, Henry Barton, Johns Hopkins Medical School.
Jewell, Lewis E., Johns Hopkins University.
Keilholtz, Pierre Otis, Continental Trust Building.
Keller, Edward, Box 724.
Kendall, Arthur L, 106 Jackson Place.
Knower, Henry McE., Johns Hopkins Medical School.
Latimer, Thomas S., 211 West Monument Street.
Lehmann, G. W., City Hall Annex.
Lehmann, Leslie P., 32 South Street.
Lemley, C. McC, 17 12 N. Calvert Street.
Marmor, J. D., 181 2 McCuUoh Street.
Martin, George C, Johns Hopkins University.
Metcalf, Maynard M., The Woman's College.
Miller, Edgar G., 213 East German Street.
Noyes, Wm. A., Johns Hopkins University.
Osier, William, Johns Hopkins University.
Paine, Paul McClary, 422 West Biddle Street.
Paton, Stewart, 213 West Monument Street.
Piatt, Walter B., 802 Cathedral Street.
Pole, Arminius C, 2038 Madison Avenue.
Reid, Harry Fielding, Johns Hopkins University.
Remsen, Ira, Johns Hopkins University.
Shattuck, George Burbank, Johns Hopkins University.
Simon, William, 1348 Block Street.
Springsteen, Harry W., Johns Hopkins University.
Steuart, Arthur, 951 Equitable Building.
Thayer, W. S., 406 Cathedral Street. J
Todd, William J., Mt. Washington.
Uhler, Philip R., 254 West Hoffmann Street.
W^aters, C. E., Johns Hopkins University.
Welch, William Henry, 935 St. Paul Street.
(234)
GBOGRAPUICAL DISTRIBUTION — MD. — MASS.
Williams, J. Whitridge, Johns Hopkins University.
Wood, Robert Williams, Johns Hopkins University.
Young, Hugh Hampton, 1005 N. Charles Street.
Young, Walter Douglas, 309 Oakdale Road, Roland Park.
Cheltenham
Schultz, Louis G., Magnetic Observatory.
Chevy Chase.
Gordon, Gustavus Ede.
College Park.
Blodgett, Frederick H., Agricultural College.
Lanahan, Henry, Agricultural College.
McDonnell, Henry B., Agricultural College.
Norton, J. B. S., Agricultural College.
Patterson, Harry J., Agricultural College.
Silvester, Richard W., Agricultural College.
Cumberland.
Gordon, Robert H.
Hartley, Frank.
Frederick.
Apple, Joseph H., Woman's College.
Frostburg.
Randolph, Beverly S., Consolidation Coal Company. '^
Gaithersburg.
Davis,' Herman S., International Latitude Station.
Kensington.
Newcomb, H. T.
Lake Roland.
Brooks, Charles Edward.''
Port Deposit.
Harris, Abram Wj
MASSACHUSETTS.
Amherst.
Brooks, William P.
Emerson, Benjamin K., Box 203.
Goessmann, C. A., Agricultural College.
Harris, Elijah P., Amherst College.
Hopkins, Arthur John, Amherst College.
(235)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MASS.
Howard, S. Francis, Agricultural College.
Kimball, Arthur Lalanne, Amherst College.
Loomis, Frederick B., Amherst College.
Lull, Richard S.
Stone, George £., Agricultural College.
Thompson, Joseph Osgood.
Todd, David P., Amherst College.
Andovbr.
Brewster, Edwin Tenney, Phillips Academy.
Graham, James Chandler, Phillips Academy.
Lansing, John Ernest, Phillips Academy.
Mason, Nellie M., Abbott Academy.
Moorehead, Warren K., Phillips Academy.
WilUams, Edw. H.
Sheffield, Geo. S.
Blake, Francis.
Attleborough.
AUBURNDALB.
Bbvbrly.
Peirce, Benjamin O., 305 Cabot Street.
Sears, Henry Francis.
Boston.
Abbot, Samuel L., 90 Mt. Vernon Street.
Adams, Frederic C, Mechanic Arts High School.
Atkinson, Edward, 31 Milk Street.
Bangs, Outram, 340 Beacon Street.
Bartlett, Francis, 40 State Street.
Barton, George Hunt, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Beach, Henry Harris Aubrey, 28 Commonwealth Avenue.
Bigelow, Robert Payne, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Blackall, Clarence Howard, i Somerset Street.
Blake, Clarence J., 326 Marlborough Street.
Blake, John Bapst, 178 Beacon Street.
Bowditch, Charles P., 28 State Street.
Briggs, Edward Cornelius, 129 Marlborough Street.
Burke, Robert E., Boston Normal School.
Burrell, Herbert L., 22 Newbury Street.
Burton, Alfred E., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Cabot, Samuel, 70 Kilby Street.
Cilley, Frank H., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
(236)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTIOM — MASS.
Clarke, Miss Cora H., 91 Mt. Vernon Street.
Clark, John S., zzo Boylston Street.
Comstock, Daniel F., 102 Huntington Avenue.
Cooper, Herman Charles, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Crafts, James Mason, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Crosby, W. O., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Cross, Charles R., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Curtis, George C, 64 Crawford Street.
Davenport, Francis Henry, 419 Boylston Street.
Dearborn, George Van Ness, Tufts Medical and Dental Schools.
Dexter, Franklin, Harvard Medical School.
Dwight, Thomas, Harvard Medical School.
Field, Geo. W., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Fitz, George W., 483 Beacon Street.
Fry, Charles, 40 Water Street.
Gardiner, Edward G., 131 Mt. Vernon Street.
Gill, Augustus Herman, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Goodale, Joseph Lincoln, 397 Beacon Street.
Goodwin, Harry M., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Graham, Douglas, 74 Boylston Street.
Green, Milbrey, 567 Columbus Avenue.
Greenough, Charles P., 39 Court Street.
Hardy, Edward R., 31 Allen Street.
Harriman, George B., 2A Park Street.
Haynes, Henry W., 239 Beacon Street.
Hebbard, Ellery Cola, 122 Huntington Avenue.
Homans, Amy Morris, 97 Huntington Avenue.
Hosmer, Sidney, 3 Head Place.
Hough, Theodore, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Hunt, Mrs. Mary H.. 23 Trull Street.
Jaques. William H., 483 Beacon Street.
Jeffries, B. Joy, 15 Chestnut Street.
Jelly, George Frederick, 69 Newbury Street.
Johnson, Chas. Willison, Boston Society of Natural History.
Johnson, Miss Isabel Louise, 467 Massachusetts Avenue.
Kelsey, Harlan Page, 11 50 Tremont Building.
Kinealy, John H., no8 Pemberton Building.
Lancaster. Walter B., loi Newbury Street.
Lanza, Gaetano, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Lawrence, A. E., 53 Devonshire Street.
Laws, Frank Arthur, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Lee, William George, Harvard Medical School.
Lefavour, Henry> 3 Bremmer Street.
Lloyd, Andrew J., 308 Newbury Street.
Lowell, Percival, 53 State Street.
(237^
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MASS.
McQueeney, Francis J., 46 Dartmouth Street.
Manning, J. Woodward, iioi Tremont Building.
Mason, Amos Lawrence, 265 Clarendon Street.
Matthews, Albert, 145 Beacon Street.
Means, James, 196 Beacon Street.
Michael, Mrs. Helen Abbott, 140 Beacon Street.
Minns, Miss S., 14 Louisburg Square.
Minot, Charles Sedgwick, Harvard Medical School.
Morse, John Torrey, Jr., i6 Fairfield Street, Back Bay.
Mullan, W. G. R., Boston College.
Mulliken, Samuel P., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Munro, John Cummings, Harvard Medical School.
Murdoch, John, Public Library.
Myer, Mrs. Mary H., 44 Mt. Vernon Street.
Naphen, Henry F., Pemberton Building.
Niles, Wm. H., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Noyes, Arthur A., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Osborne, George Abbott, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
O'SuUivan, Denis T., 761 Harrison Street.
Paine, Robert Treat, 6 Joy Street.
Painter, Charles Fairbank, 372 Mulboro Street.
Palmer, Ezra, 2 Lincoln Hall, Trinity Court.
Parker, Richard A., 4 Post- Office Square.
Parker, William L., 312 Dartmouth Street.
Parks, C. Wellman, Navy Yard.
Peterson, Sidney, Brighton High School.
Perry, Thomas S., 312 Marlborough Street.
Phillips, John C, 299 Berkley Street.
Porter, W. Townsend, Harvard Medical School.
Posse, Baroness Rose, Posse Gymnasium, 206 Massachusetts Ave.
Prescott, Samuel Cate, Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Pritchett, Henry S., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Putnam, Charles P., 63 Marlborough Street.
Rhodes, James Ford, 392 Beacon Street.
Richards, Robert H., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Richards, Mrs. Robert H., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Richardson, Mark Wyman, 90 Equitable Building.
Rogers. Miss Annie Fuller, 126 Newbury Street.
Rollins, William Herbert, 250 Marlborough Street.
Rotch, T. M., 197 Commonwealth Avenue.
Ruddick, Wm. H.
Sedgwick. William Thompson, Massachusetts Institute Tech-
nology.
Sharpies, Stephen P., 26 Broad Street.
Shattuck, Frederick C, Harvard Medical School,
(238;
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION MASS.
Shaw, Henry Lyman, 19 Commonwealth Avenue.
Sheldon, Mrs. J. M. Arms, 18 West Cedar Street.
Shimer, Henry Woodbitm, Mass. Institute of Technology.
Silver, Elmer E., 221 Columbus Avenue.
Stoddard, George Howland, 197 Beacon Street.
Strong, Frederick P., 176 Huntington Avenue.
Swain, Prof. George Fillmore, Mass. Institute Technology.
Talbot, Henry P., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Taylor, Edward W., Harvard Medical School.
Thurber, Charles Herbert, 29 Beacon Street.
Tracy, Edward A., 353 Broadway.
Tyler, Harry W., 491 Boylston Street.
Underwood, William Lyman, Massachusetts Institute Tech-
nology.
Wadsworth, Oliver F., Beacon Street.
Ware, Miss Mary L., 41 Brimmer Street.
Warren, Charles H., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Watson, William, 107 Marlborough Street.
Wells, Frank, 178 Devonshire Street.
Weysse, Arthur W., Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Wheeler, Horace Leslie, Public Library.
White, Walter Henry, 220 Marlborough Street.
Whitney, Willis Rodney. Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Williams. Charles H., 1069 Boylston Street.
Williams, Francis H., 505 Beacon Street.
Williams, Jacob Lafayette, 4 Walnut Street.
Windsor, Sarah Sweet, 138 Marlborough Street.
Winslow, Charles E. A., Massachusetts Institute Technology.
Woodbury, C. J. H., 125 Milk Street.
Woods, Fred A., Harvard Medical School.
Braintree.
Keith, Marcia A.
Brockton.
Bagg, Rufus M., Jr., High School.
Bailey, E. P., High School.
Brookline.
Channing, Walter.
Estes, Dana.
Hedge, Frederic H., 440 Boylston Street.
Manning, Warren H.
Olmsted, John Charles, 16 Warren Street.
Packard, John C, 14 Searle Avenue.
geographical distribution — mass.
Cambridob.
Adams, Comfort A., 13 Parrar Street.
Allen, Glover Morrill, 68 Perkins Hall.
Bailey, Solon Irving, Harvard University.
Benneson, Miss Cora Agnes, 4 Mason Street.
Black, Newton Henry, 26 Trowbridge Street.
Blakeslee, Albert Francis, 12 Kirkland Place.
Bouton, Charles Leonard, Harvard University. ,
Bushnell, D. I., Jr., Peabody Museum.
Castle. W. E., Harvard University.
Chandler, Seth C, 16 Craigie Street.
Clark. Austin Hobart. 68 Perkins Hall.
Cole, Leon Jacob, 41 Wendell Street.
Dalrymple, C. H.. 27 Irving Street.
Davis, Andrew McFarland, 10 Appleton Street.
Davis, W. M., 17 Francis Avenue.
Dixon, Roland B., Peabody Museum.
Duval, Edmund P. R., 67 Oxford Street.
Eastman, Charles Rochester, Museum Comparative Zoology.
Farlow, W. G., 24 Quincy Street.
Fletcher, Miss Alice C, Peabody Museum.
Goldthwait, James Walter, Harvard University.
Goodale, George Lincoln, Botanic Gardens.
Hall, Edwin H., 5 Avon Street.
Hammond, Mrs. Eliza F.. 1689 Cambridge Street.
Horseford, Miss Cornelia, 27 Craigie Street.
Jackson. Charles L., Harvard University.
Jackson, Robert T., 9 Fayerweather Street.
James, William, Harvard University.
Jeffrey, Edward C. 21 Follen Street.
Kennedy, Frank Lowell, Harvard University.
Kennelly, Arthur E., Harvard University
Mark, Edward Laurens, Harvard University.
Mellen, Edwin D., 1590 Massachusetts Avenue..
Munsterberg, Hugo, Harvard University.
Newell, William Wells.
Palache, Charles, University Museum.
Parker, George Howard, Harvard University.
Pickering, Edward C, Harvard Observatory.
Plowman, Amon Benton, 24 Shepard Street.
Putnam, F. W., Peabody Museum.
Rand, Herbert Wilbur, Harvard University.
Raymer, George Sharp, Harvard University.
Richards, Theodore William, Harvard University.
Riddle, Lincoln Ware, 61 Brattle Street,
(240)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MASS.
Robinson, Benjamin Lincoln, Harvard Herbarium.
Roever, William Henry, 64 Kirkland Street.
Ross, Denman Waldo, 24 Craigie Street.
Sabine. Wallace Clement, 40 Shepard Street.
Sargent, Dudley Allen, Harvard University.
Sargent, Porter E., 105 Lexington Avenue.
Scudder, Samuel H.
Sharpies, Philip Price, 22 Concord Avenue.
Smith, Philip Sidney, 23 Felton Hall.
Smith, Wm. L., 360 Marlborough Street.
Thaxter, Roland, Harvard University.
Ward, Robert DeC, Harvard University.
Watts, William Lawrence, 56 Henry Street.
White, John Williams, 18 Concord Avenue.
Whiting, S. B., 11 Ware Street.
Willoughby, Charles C, Peabody Museum.
Wilson, Robert W.
Wolff. John E., University Museum.
Woodworth, William McMichael, 149 Brattle Street.
Yerkes, Robert Mearns, Harvard University.
Cambridgbport.
Lundin, Carl A. R., care Messrs. Alvan Clark and Sons,
Charlbstown.
Farwell, Robert Benneson, 53 Monument Avenue.
Chelsea.
Huxley, Henry M., Revere Rubber Co.
COHASSBT.
Bigelow, Henry Bryant.
Concord.
Smith, Wm. Lincoln.
Wheeler, William.
Dorchester.
Griswold, Leon Stacy, 238 Boston Street.
Hyams, Miss Isabel F., 2(5 Wales Street.
Shurtleff, Eugene, 73 Hancock Street.
Fall River.
Jackson, John H., 155 Franklin Street.
Fitch BURG.
Kirkpatrick, E, A., State Normal School,
(241)
geographical distribution — mass.
Franklin.
Flanders, Charles S.
Gardner.
Lemon. James S., 31 Park Street.
Gloucester.
Garland, Jos. E., 17 Pleasant Street.
Great Barrington.
Stanley, William.
Groton.
Griswold, Clifford S., Groton School.
Hampden.
Bliss, Charles B.
Haverhill.
Chase. P. Stuart, 53 Summer Street.
Nichols, Austin P., 4 Highland Avenue.
HOLYOKB,
Butts. Edw. P., Am. Writing; Paper Co.
Mahoney. Stephen A., 206 Maple Street.
HOPBDALB.
Smith, Miss J. Angelina.
Hyannis.
Holmes, Frederic Harper, State Normal School.
Hyde Park.
Gibson, George H., Pcabody Building.
Perkins, Albert S., 75 Milton Avenue.
Rotch, A. Lawrence, Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory.
Jamaica Plain.
Balch. Francis Noyes. Prince Street.
Bowditch, Miss Charlotte, Pond Street.
Bowditch, H. P.
Dole, Charles Fletcher.
Edes, Robert Thaxter, 15 Greenough Avenue,
Jack, John G.
Kinraid, Thomas Burton, 38 Spring Park Avenue.
Watson, Benjamin Marston, Bussey Institution.
Wilmarth, Mrs. Henry D., 51 Eliot Street.
(242)
geographical distribution mass.
Lawrbncb.
AJden, John, Pacific Mills.
King, George B.
Long Meadow.
Clark, John E., 34 S. Park Terrace.
Longwood.
Livermore, Mrs. M. A. C, Prescott Street.
Lowell.
Barker, Mrs. Martha M., 42 nth Street.
Frothingham, Mrs. Frederick, 152 Pawtucket Street.
Page, Dudley L., 46 Merrimack Street.
Page, Mrs. Nellie K., 46 Merrimack Street.
Parker, Moses Greeley, 11 ist Street.
Lynn.
Fish. Walter Clark, King's Beach Terrace.
Watters, William, 26 South Common Street.
Malden.
Ayer, James L, 5 Main Street Park.
Lund. James, 142 Hawthorne Street.
Sprague, C. H.
Sullivan, J. A., 308 Main Street.
Manchester.
Rockwell, Alfred P.
MiDDLBBORO.
Jenks, Elisha T.
Milton.
Field, W. L. W.
Huntington, Ellsworth, Highland Street.
Lesley. J. Peter, P. O. Box 93.
Upton, George B.
MONSON.
Ellis, Frederick W.
Mt. Hbrmon.
Budington, Robert A.
New Bedford.
Allen, Walter S., 34 South 6th Street.
Brown, Robert Marshall, 35 Eighth Street.
(243)
geographical distributiom — mass.
Nbwburyport.
Hovey, Horace C, 60 High Street.
Nbwton.
Coffin, Fletcher B.
Frisbie, J. F.
Kendrick, Arthur.
Sawyer, Edward.
Stone, Lincoln R.
Warren, S. Edward.
Pulsifer, Mrs. C. L. B.
Pulsifer. William H.
NONQUITT.
North Abi!«gton.
Wheatley, Frank W., 47 Adams Street.
North Andovbr.
Carter, Henry C, Bradford Street.
Kittredge. Miss H. A., 56 Prospect Street.
Watson, Miss C. A., 56 Prospect Street.
North Easton.
Ames, Oakes.
NORTHFIELD.
Ham, Miss Clara Eleanor.
Hart, Miss Mary £.
Northampton.
Ganong, William F., Smith College.
Wilder, Harris H., Smith College.
PiTTSFIBLD.
Ballard, Harlan H., 50 South Street.
Kelly, John F., 384 West Housatonic Street.
Rbadvillk.
Kennedy, George Golding.
ROXBURY.
Kennedy, Harris, 384 Warren Street.
Prang, Louis, 45 Centre Street.
Pritchard, Myron T., 135 School Street.
Rutland.
Dunham, Henry Bristol, State Sanitorium.
V
OBOGRAPiriCAL DISTRIBUTION MASS.
Salbm.
Morse, £. S.
Osgood, Joseph B. F.. P. O. Box 212.
Sargent, Ara Nathaniel, 1x6 Federal Street.
SOMBRSBT.
Slade, Elisha.
' SOUTHBORO.
Gulliver, F. P., St. Marks School.
South Fraicinghaic.
McPherson, William D., 58 Hartford Street.
South Hadlby.
Clapp, Miss Cornelia, Mt. Holyoke College.
Cowles, Miss Louise F., Mt. Holyoke College.
Goldthwaite, Miss Nellie Esther, Mt. Holyoke College.
Hooker, Henrietta E., Mt. Holyoke College.
South Weymouth.
Brassill, Sarah Ellen.
Sprinofibld.
Baker. A. G.
Balliet, Thomaa M.
Booth, Miss Mary A., 60 Dartmouth Street.
Bradley, Milton.
Calkins, Marshall, 14 Maple Street.
Dimmock, George, Box 1597.
Kimball, Albert B., Central High School.
Lewis, George Smith, 746 State Street.
Lyford, Edwin P.
Orr, William, Jr., 30 Firglade Avenue.
Pinney, Mrs. Augusta Robinson, 350 Central Street.
Pollard, Chas. L., 286 Pine Street.
Pr^fontaine, Louis A., 317 Main Street.
Stebbins, Miss Fannie A., 480 Union Street.
Watson, Frank E., 832 Main Street.
Swampscott.
Thomson, Elihu.
Tufts College.
Chase, Harry Gray.
Dolbear, A. Emerson.
Kingsley, J. Sterling.
C345)
gbographical distribution — mass.
Waban.
Pillsbury, John H., Waban School.
Wakbpibld.
Cooke, George Willis, Park Street.
Packard, George Arthur, i8 Lafayette Street.
Waltham.
Moses, Thomas P., Worcester Lane.
Watertowx.
Snow, Walter B., 29 Russell Avenue.
Whitney, Solon Franklin, Public Library.
Waverlby.
Cowles, Edward, McLean Hospital.
Wbymouth.
Wacson, Thomas A.
Wbllbslby.
Cooley, Miss Grace E., Wellesley College.
Cummings, Miss Clara E., Wellesley College.
Hallowell, Miss Susan M., Wellesley College.
Hayes, Miss Ellen, Wellesley College.
Morse, Albert P.
Whiting, Miss Sarah P., Wellesley College.
Willcox, Miss Mary Alice, Wellesley College.
Wbstpxbld.
Monroe, Will S., State Normal School.
Wilson, Charles B., State Normal School.
West Newton.
Puffer, William L., 198 Mt. Vernon Street.
WiLLIAMSTOWN.
Clarke, Samuel Fessenden, Williams College.
McElfresh, William E., Williams College
Milham, WilUs L, Williams College.
Woodruff, Lorande Loss, Williams College.
Woods Holl.
Crowell, A. F.
Worcester.
Allen, Charles Metcalf, Polytechnic Institute.
Ball, Miss Helen Augusta, 43 Laurel Street.
(246)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION^ — MASS. — MICH.
Chandler, Clarence A., 12 Westland Street.
Clark. Thomas H., 34 Lancaster Street.
Conant, L. L., Pol3rtechnic Institute.
Engler, Edmund Arthur, Polytechnic Institute.
Hodge, Frederick H., Clark University.
Jennings, Walter L., Polytechnic Institute.
Kingsbury, Albert, Polytechnic Institute.
Kinnicutt, Leonard P., 77 £lm Street.
Marble, J. Russel.
Mendenhall, T. C.
Pettegrew, David Lyman, P. O. Box 75.
Sanford, £. C, Clark University.
Smith, Alton Lincoln, Polytechnic Institute.
Smith, Harold B., Polytechnic Institute.
Story, William E., Clark University.
Thompson, Millett T., Clark University.
Webster. Arthur Gordon, Clark University.
Woodward, Samuel B., 58 Pearl Street.
MICHIGAN.
Agricultural Collbgb.
Barrows, Walter B.
Beal, William James.
Albion.
Barr, Charles Elisha, Albion College.
Ann Arbor.
Adams, Charles C, University of Michigan.
Allen, John Robins, University of Michigan.
Bartlett, George Miller, University of Michigan.
Beman, Wooster W., 813 East Kingsley Street.
Bigelow, S. Lawrence, University of Michigan.
Carhart, Henry S., University of Michigan.
Carrow, Flemming, University of Michigan.
Chute, Horatio N., High School.
Cooley, Mortimer E., University of Michigan.
Cushny, Arthur R., University of Michigan.
Dock, George, University of Michigan.
Duerden, J. E., University of Michigan.
Freer, Paul C, University of Michigan.
French, Thos., Jr., 114 North Ingalls Street.
Gomberg, Moses, iioi East University Avenue.
Hall, Asaph, Jr., University of Michigan.
(247;
GBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MICH.
Haynes, Miss Julia A., 428 Hamilton Place.
Holmes, S. J., University of Michigan.
Ruber, G. Carl, University of Michigan.
Johnson, Otis C, 730 Thayer Street.
Leverett, Frank.
Miggett, W. L., University of Michigan.
Newcombe, Frederick Charles, 102 1 East University Avenue.
Novy, Frederick G., University of Michigan.
Patterson. George W., Jr., 814 South University Avenue.
Pearl, Raymond, University of Michigan.
Pettee, William H., University of Michigan.
Prescott, Albert B.
Reed, John O., 907 Lincoln Avenue.
Reighard, Jacob, University of Michigan.
Rominger, Carl.
Running, Theodore R., 935 Greenwood Avenue.
Russell, Israel C, University of Michigan.
Schaeberle, J. M., 502 Second Street.
Schlotterbeck, Julius O., 131 9 Israel Hall Avenue.
Smith, Arthur W.. University of Michigan.
Spalding, Volney M., University of Michigan.^^
Transeau, E. N.. 220 S. Ingalls Street.
Ziwet, Alexander, 644 South Ingalls Street.
Atlantic Mxnb.
Stanton, Frank McMillan, Baltic and Central Mining Co.
Battle Crebk.
Kellogg, John H.
Cold Water.
Bennett, Charles W.
Collin, Henry P., 58 Division Street.
Detroit,
Adams, Charles Francis, Central High School.
Baldwin, Mrs. G. H., 3 Madison Avenue.
Blain, Alexander W., Jr., 131 Elmwood Avenue.
Connor, Leartus, 103 Cass Street.
Courtis, Wm. M., 412 Hammond Building.
Cram, Roys J., 26 Hancock Avenue. West.
Davis, George S.. P. O. Box 724.
Doty, Paul, 230 Woodward Avenue.
Edgar, Clinton G., 72 Jefferson Avenue.
Ferry, Dexter M., Jr., 1040 Woodward Avenue.
Haskell, Eugene E., Campau Building.
^248)
GfiOGtlAt>HICAL DtStRIBUTlON — MICH.
Houghton, £. Mark, 350 Pennsylvania Avenue.
Keep, William J.
Leach, Miss Mary F., 74 Pitcher Street.
Lyons, Albert Brown.
Pendleton, Edward Waldo, 900 Union Trust Building.
Phelps, William Joshua, 37 Alexandrine, West.
Searle, Frederick Edwards. Detroit University School.
Shurly, E. L., 32 Adams Avenue, West.
Van Antwerp, Francis J., a6 Harper Avenue.
Wheeler, Eben S., United States Engineer Office.
ESCANABA.
Millar, John M.
Grand Rapids.
Parmelee, H. P., 503 Michigan Trust Building.
Patton, John, 925 Michigan Trust Building.
Harbor Bbach.
Oldfield, Anthony M.
Holland.
Mast, Samuel O.
Houghton.
Hood, Ozni P., School of Mines.
McNair, Fred. Walter, Michigan College of Mines.
Seaman, Arthur Edmund, Michigan College of Mines.
Wright, Fred. Eugene, College of Mines.
Kalamazoo.
Charlton, Orlando C.
Todd, Albert M.
Lane, Alfred C.
White, Charles G.
Johnson, N6ls.
Lansing.
Lake Linden.
Manistbb.
Marquette.
Downing, Elliott R., Ph.D., Northern State Normal School.
Faught, John B., Northern State Normal School.
MiCHIGAMMB.
Loveland, Horace Hall.
(349)
geographical distribution — mich. — minn
Midland.
Dow, Herbert H.
Muskegon.
Vanderloan, J., 200 South Terrace Street.
NiLBS.
Blish, W. G.
Olivet.
Clark, Hubert Lyman, Olivet College.
Osborn, Frederick A., Olivet College.
Port Huron.
Willson, Mortimer.
Sault Stb. Marie.
Edmands, Isaac Russell, Supt. Union Carbide Co.
Tbcumsbh.
Jenkins, J. F., 48 Chicago Street.
Vulcan.
Kelly. William.
Ypsilanti.
Jefferson, Mark S. W.
Lyman, Elmer A., Michigan State Normal School.
Michigan State Normal College.
Strong, Edwin A., State Normal School.
Coleman, Clarence.
Kendall, Hugh F.
Tucker, William A.
MINNESOTA.
Duluth.
HiBBING.
Lb Sueur.
Mankato.
Cox, Ulysses O., State Normal School.
Marshall.
Renninger, John S.
Minneapolis.
Bracken, Henry M., 10 10 Fourth Street.
Brown, John C, University of Minnesota.
Constant. Frank H., University of Minnesota.
(250)
GBOOAaPHICAL DISTRIBUTXOK — MINN.
Eddy, H. T., University of Minnesota.
Blftman, Arthur H., 706 Globe Building.
Fanning, John T., Kasota Block.
Fellows, Chas. S., 912 Chamber of Commerce.
Flather, John J., University of Minnesota.
Frankforter, George B., University of Minnesota.
Groat, Benjamin Feland, University of Minnesota.
Hall, C. W., University of Minnesota.
Harding, Everhart P., University of Minnesota.
Haynes, Arthur E., University of Minnesota.
Hortvet, Julius, 313 i6th Avenue S. E.
Hunter, Chas. H., 13 Syndicate Block.
Jones, Frederick S., University of Minnesota.
MacMillan, Conway, University of Minnesota.
Nachtrieb, Henry F., University of Minnesota.
Oestlund, Oscar W., State University.
Sardeson, Frederick William, University of Minnesota.
Stewart, J. Clark, 1628 5th Avenue.
Walker, T. B., 803 Hennepin Avenue.
Winchell, N. H.
Zeleny, John, University of Minnesota.
Montevideo.
Moyer, Lycurgus R.
Moorhbad.
Ballard, C. A.
Chambers. Will Grant, State Normal School.
NORTHPIBLD.
Chaney, Lucian W., Carleton College.
Metcalf, Wilmot V., Carleton College.
Tandberg, John P., St. Olaf College.
Armitage, Thomas L.
Hewitt, Charles N.
Princeton.
Red Wing.
St. Anthony Park.
Beach, Miss Alice M., Experiment Station.
Bull, Coates P.
Hays, Willet M., Experiment Station.
Hummel, John A., Experiment Station.
Snyder, Harry, Experiment Station.
Washburn, Frederic Leonard, Agricultural Experiment Station
(2SO
gbooraphical distrlbuttok — minn. — ico.
St. Paul.
Derby, George McC.
Greene, Chas. Lyman, 150 Lowry Arcade.
MacLaren, Archibald, 350 St. Peter Street.
Osbom, H. L., Hamline University.
Rogers, John T., Lowry Arcade.
Sneve, Hal dor, Lowry Arcade.
Storrs, Lucius S., N. P. Ry. Company.
Taylor, H. Longstreet, 75 Lowry Arcade.
Upham, Warren.
Winona.
Beahan, Willard, 220 West 6th Street.
Messenger, James P., State Normal School.
MISSISSIPPL
Agricultural College.
Herrick, Glenn W.
Robert, J. C, A. and M. College.
BiLOXI.
Tracy, Samuel M.
University.
Fulton, Robert B.
Hume, Alfred.
Leathers, W, S.
ViCKSBURG.
Marshall, Horace Miller, U. S. Engineer Office.
MISSOURL
Cape Girardeau.
Albert, Harry Lee, State Normal School.
Columbia.
Brooks, Charles, University of Missouri.
Calvert, Sidney, University of Missouri.
Connaway, J. W., State University.
Curtis, Winterton C, University of Missouri.
Detwiler, Andrew Jay, State Board of Health.
Duggar, Benjamin M., University of Missouri.
Eckles, C. H.
Greene, Charles Wilson, University of Missouri.
Meyer, Max, University of Missouri.
Proctor, Chas. A., University of Missouri.
(253)
OBOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MO.
Reed, Howard Spragiie, University of Missouri.
Schweitzer, Paul, University of Missouri.
Spalding, Fred'k P., University of Missouri.
Stewart, Oscar M., University of Missouri.
Summers, Joseph, 1103 E. Broadway.
Tucker, George M., Agricultural Experiment Station, University of
Missouri.
Fulton.
Campbell, Leslie Lyle, Westminster College.
Kansas City.
Bamett, Robert Ci, 3023 East 20th Street.
Kent, James Martin, Manual Training High School.
McCurdy, Hansford M., Manual Training High School.
Miller, Armand R., Manual Training High School.
Morrison, Gilbert B., 2510 Perry Avenue.
Palmer, Walter K.. 401 New York Life Building.
Perkins, John Walter, 423 Alt man Building.
Stigall, Bennett Merriman, Manttal Training High School.
Weeks, Edwin Ruthven, 604-607 New Nelson Building.
KiRKSVILLB.
Daugherty, Lewis S., State Normal School.
Lancaster.
Mitchell, William Francis.
Marshall.
Roberts, John M., High School.
Mbxico.
Baskett, James Newton.
Mountain Grove.
Lynch, William H., Mountain Grove School.
Parkvillb.
Findlay, Merlin C., Park College.
Mattoon, A. M., Scott Observatory of Park College.
ROLLA.
Buckley, Ernest Robertson.
McRae, Austin Lee.
St. Joseph.
Owen, Miss Juliette A., 306 North 9th Street.
(253)
OKOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MO.
Owen, Miss Luella Agnes, 306 North 9th Street.
Owen, Miss Mary Alicia, 306 North 9th Street.
St. Louis.
Alt, Adolph, 3819 W. Pine Boulevard.
Barck, Carl, 2715 Locust Street,
Bonnet, Frederic, Jr., 2719 Russell Avenue.
Bemays, Augustus Charles, 3623 Laclede Avenue.
Broome, G. Wiley, Mo. Trust Building.
Casey, Thos. L., P. O. Drawer 71.
Chauvenet, William M., 620 Chestnut Street.
Comstock, T. Griswold, 3401 Washington Avenue.
Coulter, Samuel M., The Shaw School of Botany.
Cramer, Gustav, G. Cramer Dry Plate Co.
Crunden, Fredk. M., 3635 Laclede Avenue.
Douglas, Archer W., 5101 McPherson Avenue.
Drayer, H. C, Washington University.
Ei ken berry, Wm. L.. High School.
Evers, Edward, 1861 North Market Street.
Fischel, Washington E., 2647 Washington Avenue.
Glasgow, Frank A., 3894 Washington Avenue.
Graf, August V., 1325-29 S. 7th Street.
Hager, Albert Ralph, La. Purchase Exposition.
Hambach, G., 13 19 Lami Street.
Harris, James Arthur, Shaw School of Botany.
Hedgcock, George G., Missouri Botanical Garden.
Higdon, John Clark, 605 Union Trust Building.
Hinrichs, Gustavus, 4106 Shenandoah Avenue.
Hitchcock, George Collier, 709 Wainwright Building.
Hughes, Charles H., 3857 Olive Street.
Hulbert, C. E.. Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
Huston, Henry A., 134 Laclede Building.
Johnson, Albert L., 606 Century Building.
Kcm. John H., 1317 Madison Street.
Kinner, Hugo, 1103 Rutger Street.
Klie, G. H. Charles, 5100 North Broadway.
Knox, Geo. Piatt, 5178 Morgan Street.
Kolbenheyer, Fred'k, 2006 Lafayette Avenue.
Langsdorf, Alexander Suss, Washington University.
Lare, H. S. P., 3452 Park Avenue.
Lemp, William J., Comer Cherokee and 2d Carondelet Avenue.
Lightner, Calvin R., 2313 Washington Avenue.
Link, Theodore C, Carieton Building.
Lischer, Bonno Edwards, 2313 Washington Avcnut-.
McClure, Geo. E., 4418 Arsenal Street.
(254)
GKOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MO.
McGee, W J, Louisiana Purchase Exposition.
Mallinclcrodt, Edwin. P. O. Sub-station A.
Mallinckrodt, Edw., Jr., 26 Van de venter Place.
Markham, George D., 4961 Berlin Avenue.
Marsden, Samuel, 1015 North Leffengwell Avenue.
Matlack. Ellwood V., 421 Olive Street.
Moore, Philip North, lao Laclede Building.
Moore, Robert, 61 Vandeventer Place.
Moore, Stanley H., McKinley High School.
Mulford, Miss A. Isabel, Central High School.
Nelson, N. L. T., Central High School.
Nipher, Francis E., Washington University.
Pauls, Gustavus, St. Louis Altenheim, 5408-5450 S. Bury Street.
Peterson, C. A., 715 Century Building.
Prather, John McC, St. Louis High School.
Randall, John E., 4960 Lotus Avenue.
Riley, Cassius M., Barnes Medical College and Barnes College of
Pharmacy.
Riley, Mrs. Matilda E.. Board of Education Building.
Rogers, Howard J., Universal Exposition.
Riimbold, Miss Caroline. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Sale. Samuel, 4010 W. Bell Street.
Sander, Enno.
Saunders, Edward W., 3003 Lafayette Avenue.
Schwab, Sidney L, 4393 Westminster Place.
Siedenburg, Frederick, St. Louis University, Grand Ave. and Pine St.
Spaulding, Perley, Missouri Botanical Garden.
Spiegelhalter, Joseph, 2166 Lafayette Avenue.
Sprague, C. C. 1900 Locust Street.
Steer, Justin, Washington University.
Summa, Hugo, St. Louis University.
Swope, Gerard, 810 Spruce Street.
Taussig. Albert E.. 2647 Washington Avenue.
Taussig, James. Rialto Building.
Terry. Robert James. Washington University.
Trelease. William. Missouri Botanical Gardens.
Vall^. Jules P., 3303 Washington Avenue.
Van Omum, John Lane, Washington University.
Von Schrenk. H., Missouri Botanical Garden.
Whelpley, Henry Hamilton. Washington University.
Woodward, Calvin M., Washington University.
Spkingkiklu.
Britton, Wiley, Bureau of Pensions.
Fuller, Homer T., Drury College.
(355)
geographical distribution — mo. — mont. neb.
Warrbnsburg.
Seawell, Benjamin Lee, State Normal School.
Warrbnton.
Frick, John H., Central Wesleyan College.
MONTANA.
Anaconda.
Palmer, Charles Skecle, A. C. M. Co.
Bozbman.
Blankinship, Jos. W., State College.
Cooley, Robert A., Agricultural College.
Tallman, William Duane, Agricultural College.
Butte.
Bowman, Charles Henry, State School of Mines.
Page, Clarence V.
Winchell, Alex. N. V.
Winchell, Horace.
Dillon.
Monroe, Joseph E., State Normal College.
Lbwistown.
Silloway, Perley M., High School.
Marysvillb.
Byrnes, Owen, P. O. Box 131.
Malm, John L.
Missoula.
Elrod, Morton J., University of Montana.
Mills, William Park.
Rowe, Jesse Perry, University of Montana.
NEBRASKA,
Ashland.
von Mansfelde, Alexander S., "Quality Hill.
Bbllbvue.
Tyler, Ansel Augustus, Bellevue College.
Columbus.
Kem, Walter McCullough.
(356)
i»
geographical distribution — nbb.
Crbighton.
Burrell. Rimon Haddock.
Fremont.
Mohler, George H., Fremont Normal School.
Snyder, Nathaniel Marion.
Wilson, Andrew G.
Warren, George F., Jr.
Gbring.
Hebron.
Howard.
Lincoln.
Almy, John E., University of Nebraska.
Barboiir, Carrie Adeline, University of Nebraska.
Barbour, Erwin Hinckley, University of Nebraska.
Bessey, C^piarles Edwin, University of Nebraska.
Bolton, Thaddeus L., University of Nebraska.
Brace, D. B., University of Nebraska.
Bniner, Lawrence, University of Nebraska.
Clark, Herbert A., 1902 P Street.
Clements, Frederic E., University of Nebraska.
Cutter, Irving S., Box 732.
Heald, Fred. De Forest, University of Nebraska.
Heck, Charles McGee, 1507 R Street.
Moore, Burton E., University of Nebraska.
Shantz, Homer Le Roy, 1420 Vine Street.
Skinner, Clarence A., University of Nebraska.
Stevens, James Franklin, 1136 O Street.
Swezey, Goodwin D., University of Nebraska.
Ward, Henry B., University of Nebraska.
Mindbn.
Hopeman, H.
North Platte.
Fort. LA.
Omaha.
Cleburne, Wm., 12 19 South Sixth Street.
Foote, James S., 422 South 26th Street.
Gifford, Harold, 405 Kasbach Block.
(257)
gbooraprical distribution — neb. — nbv. — n. h
Peru.
Clark, W. A., State Normal School.
Duncanson, Henry Bruce, State Normal School.
Plainvibw.
Peterson, Niels Frederick.
Red Cloud.
Bates, John Mallery.
University Place.
Bell. A. T.
Bush, John C. F.
Wahoo.
NEVADA,
Redding, Allen C.
Eastman, J. R.
White, Charles H.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Andover.
Center Sandwich.
Concord.
Coit, J. Milner, Saint Paul's School.
Coit, Joseph Howland, Saint Paul's School-
Douglas, Orlando B., 20 Pleasant Street.
Sears, Frederick Edmund, Saint Paul's School.
Walker, Charles R.
Watson, Irving A., State Board of Health.
Dover.
Brown, Elisha R., 50 Silver Street.
Fish, Charles Henry, Cocheco Mfg. Co.
Durham.
Morse, Fred. W., New Hampshire College.
Parsons, Charles Lathrop.
Pettee, Charles Holmes.
Rane, Frank William, Agricultural Experiment Station.
Weed, Clarence M.
Tybo. I
obographical distribution — n. h. n. j..
Exeter.
Segerblom, Wilhelm, Phillips Exeter Academy.
Hanover.
Bartlett, Edwin J., Dartmouth College.
Emerson, C. P., Box 499.
Fletcher, Robert, Thayer School of Civil Engineering.
Gilbert, Norman E., Dartmouth College.
Hitchcock, Charles H.
Hull, Gordon Ferrie, Dartmouth College.
Poor, John Merrill, Dartmouth College.
Richardson, Charles Henry, Dartmouth College.
Richardson, Leon B., Dartmouth College.
Smith, William T., Dartmouth Medical School.
Woods, Carl Fred, Dartmouth College.
Manchester.
Blair, Mrs. Eliza N.
Bossi, Arnold L., 196 a Elm Street.
Clough, Albert L., Box 114.
Manning, Charles H.
Schaeffer, Henri N. F., P. O. Box 676.
Newport.
Bradley, Arthur C.
Penacook.
Hoyt, Adrian Hazen.
Portsmouth.
Winterhalter, A. G., Navy Yard.
NEW JERSEY.
Ampere.
Dunn, Gano S.
Wheeler, Schuyler Skaats.
Asbury Park.
Reifsnyder, Samuel K., 705 Bond Street.
Atlantic Highlands.
Auchincloss, William S.
Bayonne.
Wadman, W. E., 102 Lord Avenue.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. J.
BSLVIDBRB.
Cummins, George Wyckoff.
Bbrnardsvillb.
Squibb, Charles F.
Bloompield.
Chancellor, William E., 343 Belleville Avenue.
Comelison, Robert W,
Chatham.
Allen, Richard H.
Crawford.
Sackett, Miss Eliza D.
East Orange.
Colie, Edward M.
Mann, Albert, 18 Summit Street.
Miller, Fred. J.. 34 Beech Street.
Elizabeth.
Colbum, Richard T.
Collingwood, Francis.
Granbery, Julian Hastings. 561 Walnut Street.
Heyer, William D., 523 South Broad Street.
Langenbeck, Karl.
Miller, Herbert Stanley, 1025 East Jersey Street.
Peck, George, 926 North Broad Street.
Far Hills.
Tainter, Frank Stone.
Glen Ridge.
Scheffler, Frederick A., Box 233.
Hackensacr.
Krause, Otto H., Prospect Avenue.
HOBOKEN.
Bristol, William H., Stevens Institute.
Ganz, Albert Frederick, Stevens Institute.
Jacobus, David S.. Stevens Institute.
Martin, Louis Adolphe, Jr., Stevens' Institute.
Shultz, Charles S., Hoboken Bank for Savings.
Smith, Eugene, 317 Washington Street.
Webb, J. Burkitt, Stevens Institute.
GBOGltAPHICAL DldtRIBUTION — U. J.
Jbrsby City.
Dickinson, Gordon K., 278 Montgomery Street.
Fleming, Dudley D., 249 Washington Street.
Gordon, Leonard, Free Public Library.
Hungerford, W. S., care W. Ames & Company.
McLaughlin, George Eyerman, 41 Crescent Avenue.
Steams, T. C, 44 Montgomery Street.
Walker, John M., 260 Montgomery Street.
Lakewood.
Hammond. Mrs. John Hays, 320 Madison Avenue.
Landing.
Riederer, Emil Justus, Forcite Powder Co.
Little Falls.
McCormick, Henry D.
Locust.
Washington, Henry S.
Madison.
Toothe, William.
MiLLVILLB.
Barton, G. E., 212 North 3d Street.
Wade, John W., 318 North 2d Street.
MONTCLAIR.
Le Brun, Mrs. Michel M., 8 Mountain Avenue.
Parker, Horatio N., 456 Bloomiield Avenue.
Vreeland, Frederick K.
Morris Plains.
Evans, Britton D., State HospitaL
MORRISTOWN.
Colgate, Abner W.
Hoffman, Samuel V.
Waller, E., 7 Franklin Place.
Nbwark.
Baldwin, Herbert B., 9-1 1 Franklin Street.
Colby, Edward A., care Baker Platinum Works.
Disbrow, Wm. S., 151 Orchard Street.
Edwards, Arthur M., 423 Fourth Avenue.
Howell, John W., Ballantine Parkway.
Luther, Miss Agnes Vinton, 917 Broad Street,
(261)
OBOGRAPHICAL DtSTRIBUtIOK«— M. J.
Murdock, George J., 248 6th Avenue.
Pomeroy, Charles Taylor, 55 Broad Street.
Rockwood, Charles G., 70 South xith Street.
Sharp, Clayton H., 722 Highland Avenue.
Wackenhuth, F. C, 57 Freeman Street.
Weston, Edward, 645 High Street.
Nbw Brunswick.
Bowser, E. A., Rutgers College.
Halsted, Byron D., Rutgers College.
Kelsey, James A., Agricultural Experiment Station.
Prentiss, Robert W., Rutgers College.
Smith, John B., Rutgers College.
Speyers, Clarence Livingston, Rutgers College.
Van Dyck, Francis Cuyler, Rutgers College.
NUTLEY.
Clements, Joseph.
Orangb.
Vanderpoel, Frank, 153 Center Street.
Passaic.
Berry, Edward W., News Building.
Sullivan, John J., 51 Passaic Avenue.
Patbrson.
Nelson, William, Paterson National Bank.
Perth Amboy.
Roessler, Franz, 39 High Street.
Plainfibld.
Probasco, John Buck, 175 East Front Street.
Waldo, Leonard, 640 West 8th Street.
Princeton.
Baldwin, J. Mark, Princeton University.
Brackett, C. F., Princeton University.
Dahlgren, Ulric, Princeton University.
Farr, Marcus S., Princeton University.
Libbey, William, Princeton University.
Lovett, Edgar Odell, Princeton University.
Macloskie, George, Princeton University.
Magie, William Francis, Princeton University.
Rankin, Walter M., Princeton University.
Rockwood, Charles G., Jr., Princeton University.
(26i)
aBOOftAl>HtCAt DI8Tkl6utlOM — N. J. — N. HEX. — N. t.
Smith, Herbert S. S., Princeton University.
Stromsten, Frank A., 43 University Hall.
Warren, Howard C, Princeton University.
Willson, Frederick N., Princeton University.
WoodhuU, Alfred A., 46 Bayard Lane.
Young, C. A., Princeton University.
Short Hills.
Morgan, William F.
South Orangb.
Delany, Patrick B.
Summit.
Bassett, Carroll P.
Herr, Hiero B.
Thompson, Miss Anna F., P. O. Box*39.
Trbnton.
Knapp, G. N., Lock Box 455.
Smock, John Conover.
Wbbhawkbn.
Warden, Albert W., 325 Fulton Street.
Wbstfibld.
Clark, Alexander S.
NEW MEXICO.
Albuqubrqub.
Tight, William G., University of New Mexico.
Weinxirl, John, University of New Mexico.
East Las Vegas.
Hewett, Edgar L., New Mexico Normal University.
Socorro.
Magnusson, Carl Edward, State School of Mines.
Stbbplb Rock.
Robinson, Sanford.
NEW YORK.
Addison.
Ainsworth, Herman R.
Albany.
Clarke, John Mason, State Hall.
Colvin, Verplanck, State Adirondack Survey.
(263)
GBOGkAPHlCAL DtSTRIBUTION — N. Y.
Felt, Ephraim Porter, Capitol.
Gager, C. Stuart, State Normal College.
Greenalch, Wallace, 54 North Pine Avenue.
Hindshaw, Henry H., State Museum.
Merrill, Frederick J. H., State Museum.
Merrill, Mrs. Winifred Ednerton, 268 State Street.
Paulmier, Frederick Clark, State Museum.
Peck, Charles H.
Pettis, Clifford R., care Forest, Fish and Game Commission.
Pollock, Horatio M., State Civil Service Commission.
Pruyn, John V. L., Jr.
Roy, Arthur J., Dubley Observatory.
Ruedemann, Rudolf, 161 Yates Street.
Theisen, Clement F., 172 Washington Avenue.
Tucker, Willis G., Albany Medical College.
Williams, Mrs. Chauncey P., 284 State Street.
Auburn.
Cooke, Hart, 60 E. Genesee Street.
Aurora.
Freley, Jasper Warren, Wells College.
Gregory, Miss Emily R., Wells College.
Batavia.
Alexander, Charles Anderson, 10 Vine Street.
Bayport.
Post, Charles A.
Bedford.
Marble, Manton.
Brockport.
Lennon, William H., State Normal School.
Brooklyn.
Abraham, Abraham.
Almond, Thomas R., 83-85 Washington Street.
Bartley, Elias H., 21 Lafayette Avenue.
Benjamin, Raphael, Hotel St. George.
Benson, Frank Sherman, 214 Columbia Heights.
Bierwirth, Julius C, 137 Montague Street.
Booraem, J. V. V., 204 Lincoln Place.
Bradley, M. J., 373 Fulton Street. -
Browning, William, 54 Lefferts Place.
Brundage, Albert H., 1073 Bushwick Avenue.
(264)
OBOGRAPRICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. Y.
Bunker, Henry A., 158 6th Avenue.
Clark, Oliver Durfee, 590 Halsey Street.
Cook, Charles D., 162 Remsen Street.
Culin, Stewart, Brooklyn Institute.
Deghu6e, Joseph A., 247 Harrison Street.
Drewett, Wm. A., 202 Rutledge Street.
Eilers, Anton F., 751 St. Marks Avenue.
Germann, George B., Public School No. 130.
Goldschmidt, S.,A., 43 Sedgwick Street.
Goodyear, Wm. H., Museum Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences.
Graef. Edward L., 58 Court Street.
Grimm, Carl Robert, 1622 Caton Avenue, Flatbush.
Grout, Abel J., Boys' High School.
Gulick, Luther H., Pratt Institute.
Hale, Albert C, 35 2 A Hancock Street.
Hale, William H., 40 ist Place.
Hall, James P., 6 Poplar Street.
Hancock, James Cole, 43 Cambridge Place.
Harris, Mrs. Carolyn W., 125 St. Marks Avenue.
Henderson, Joseph J., 689 loth Street.
Henry, Charles C, 56 Clark Street.
Hooker, Davenport, 341 Adelphi Street.
Hooper, Franklin W., Brooklyn Institute.
Hutchinson, Susan A., Brooklyn Institute Museum.
Law, Benedict W., 693 Lafayette Avenue.
Lloyd, Thomas Mortimer, 125 Pierrepont Street.
Low, A. A., Columbia Heights.
McKay, John S., Pasker Collegiate Institute.
Machalske, F. J., P. O. Box 25. Station W.
Mangan, Daniel C, 92 Park Avenue.
Marston, Edwin S., 291 Clinton Avenue.
Martin, Daniel S., 756 Quincy Street.
Mason, Lewis D., 171 Joralemon Street.
Mayer, Alfred Goldsborough, Museum Brooklyn Institute.
Mayo, Caswell A., 1536 15th Street.
Miller, P. Schuyler, Mt. Prospect Laboratory, Flatbush Avenue.
Nichols, O. F., 42 Gates Avenue.
Parker, Herschel C, 21 Fort Green Place.
Parkhurst, Henry M., 173 Gates Avenue.
Peabody, George Foster, 28 Monroe Place.
Perry, Arthur C, 226 Halsey Street.
Peters, Clayton A., Polytechnic Preparatory School, 13th Avenue
and 56th Street.
Pierrepont, Henry E., 216 Columbia Heights.
Pitts, Thomas Dorsey, 90 Halsey Street.
(265)
OBOOftAPBlCAL DIBTftlBUTION — N. T.
Redfield, William C, Borough Hall.
Rothe, William G.. 481 Halsey Street.
Ruland, M. A., 53 Linden Avenue.
Schlichting, Emil, 61 Hicks Street.
Schoonhoven, John J., 34 Second Place.
Serviss, Garrett P., 8 Middagh Street.
Sheldon, Samuel, Poljrtechnic Institute.
Smith, Mrs. Annie Morrill, 78 Orange Street.
Squibb, Edward Hamilton, 148 Columbia Heights.
Tibbals, Geo. A., 148 Milton Street.
Velsor, Joseph A., 105 McDonough Street. ^
von Nardroff, Ernest R., 397 Madison Street.
Warner, James D., 463 East 36th Street, Platbush.
Williston, Arthur L., Pratt Institute.
Wills, Joseph Lainson, 133 Midwood Street.
Wright, Jonathan, 73 Remsen Street.
Wunderlich, Frederick W., 165 Remsen Street.
Buffalo.
Bierbaum, Christopher H., 330 Prudential Building,
Bradley, Charles W., 1064 Ellicott Square.
Brewster, Frank H., 154 Fargo Avenue,
Busch, Frederick Carl, 145 Allen Street.
Cary, Mrs. Elizabeth M. L., 184 Delaware Avenue.
Femald, F. A., 301 W. Utica Street.
Fleming, Miss Mary A., The Oxford, 43a Pearl Street.
Gary, Lester B., Central High School.
Glenny, William H.
Houghton, Frederick, Public School, No. 7.
Letson, Miss Elizabeth J., 366 Massachusetts Avenue.
Mixer, Fred. K., 313 Delaware Avenue.
Ofifinger, Martin H., Buffalo Commercial and Electro-Mech . Inst.
Park, Dr. Roswell, 510 Delaware Avenue.
Pohlman, Dr. Julius, 404 Franklin Street.
Porter, Miss Edna, 94 Russell Avenue.
Rochester, Delancey, 469 Franklin Street.
Smith, Lee H., 663 Main Street.
Smith, T. Guilford.
Sperry, Elmer A., 366-388 Massachtisetts Avenue.
Starr, Elmer G., 523 Delaware Avenue.
Stockton, Charles G., 436 Franklin Street.
Tutton, Charles H., Department of Public Works, City Hall.
Vogt, Frederick A., Central High School.
Canandaioua.
Richardson, Charles A.
(a66;
OftOOkAPHICAL DtStRIBUtlON — K. Y.
Canton.
Mills, Frank Smith, St. Lawrence University.
Priest, Henry, St. Lawrence University.
Catskill.
Van Orden, Charles H.
Chbrry Vallby.
Cox, A. Beekman.
Clinton.
Saunders, A. P., Hamilton College.
Smyth, C. H., Jr.
CoLLBOB Point.
Hartz, J. D. Aug.
Croton-on-Hudson.
Goldsborough, John Byroi^.
Elma.
Bancroft, Alonzo C.
Blmira.
Wolverton, Byron C, P. O. Box 43.
Floral Park.
Allen, C. L.
Flushino.
Clark, £dmund, 426 Sanford Avenue.
Ward» Delancey W., 163 Madison Avenue.
Garrison-on-Huo80N.
Cheesman, T. M.
Thompson, Walter.
Gbnbsbo.
Wadsworth, WilUam A.
Gbnbva.
Bacon, Arthur Avery, Hobart College.
Beach, Spencer Ambrose, Experiment Station.
Brooks, William R., Smith Observatory.
Durfee, William P., 639 Main Street.
Harding, Harry A., Experiment Station.
Jordan, Whitman H., Experiment Station.
Stewart, Fred. Carlton, Experiment Station.
Van Slyke, Lucius L., Experiment Station.
(167)
GBOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. Y.
GOUVERNBUR.
Anthony, Mrs. Emilia C.
Greenb.
Williams, Frank H.
Sharpe, Benjamin F.
Greenwich.
Hamilton.
Brigham, Albert Perry, Colgate University.
Chester, Wayland Morgan, Colgate University.
Child, Clement D., Colgate University.
McGregory, J. F., Colgate University.
Taylor, James M.
Hastings-on-Hudson.
Chrystie, William F.
Highland Falls.
Pell, Mrs. Alfred.
Irvington-on-Hudson.
Schuyler, Philip.
Ithaca.
Allen, Frank, Cornell University.
Atkinson, George F., Cornell University.
Baird, John Wallace, Cornell University.
Bancroft, Wilder Dwight, Cornell University.
Bedell, Frederick, Cornell University.
Blaker, Ernest, Cornell University.
Caldwell, George C, Cornell University
Clark, Judson F., 402 Eddy Street.
Craig, John, Cornell University.
Dennis, Louis Munroe, Cornell University.
Durand, Elias J., 402 Eddy Street.
Durand, W. F., Cornell University.
Femow, Bemhard E.. Cornell University.
Fish, Pierre A., Cornell University.
Foxworthy, Fred. W., Cornell University.
Gage, Simon Henry, ^Cornell University.
Gage, Mrs. Susanna Phelps.
Gifford, John Clayton, State College of Forestry.
Gill, Adam Capen, Cornell University.
Hoobler, Bert R., Cornell University.
Hopkins, Grant S., Cornell University.
Jacoby, Henry S., Cornell University.
C268)
OBOORAPRICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. T.
Kerr, Abram T., Cornell University.
Kingsbury, Benjamin P., Cornell University.
Lauman, George Nieman, Cornell University.
McCaustland, Elmer J., Cornell University.
McMahon, James, Cornell University.
Mann, Paul B., 45 East Avenue.
Merritt, Ernest, Cornell University.
Moler, George S., 106 University Avenue.
Nichols, E. L., Cornell University.
Pearson, Raymond A., Cornell University.
Quiroga, Modesto, Cornell University.
Reed, Hugh D., Cornell University.
Ries, Heinrich.
Rowlee, W. W., Cornell University.
Ryan, Harris J., Cornell University.
Schurman, J. G., Cornell University.
Shearer, John Sanford, Cornell University.
Slingerland, Mark Vernon, Cornell University.
Tanner, John Henry, 7 Central Street.
Tarr, Ralph Stockman, Cornell University.
Thorn, Charles, 239 Hazen Street.
Townsend, Miss Anna B., 214 Hazen Street.
Titchener, E. B., Cornell University.
Wiegand, Karl McKay, Cornell University.
Wilder, Burt Green, Cornell University.
Willcox, Walter P., Cornell University.
Jamaica.
Sirrine, P. At wood, 110 New York Avenue.
KINGSTON-ON-HUDSON.
Gage-Day, Mary, 207 Wall Street.
Larchmont.
Neilson, John.
Long Island City.
Richardson, Clifford, Barber Asphalt Paving Company.
LOWVILLB.
Stephens, W. Hudson.
MiDDLETOWN.
Wilbur, A. B.
Mohegan.
Kunz, George H.
(369)
••■M
gbooraphical distribution — n. t.
Mount Vbrnon.
Blackmore, Henry S., ao6 South 9th Avenue.
Davis, Abial B., 129 East Lincoln Avenue.
Youmans, Vincent J., 175 £lm Place.
New Brighton.
Ransome, Ernest Leslie, Westervelt and 4th Avenues.
Nbwburor.
Allan, Charles F.
Crane, James M.
Doughty, John W., 165 Johnston Street.
Esmond, Darwin W.
Poster, William.
Gleason, W. Stanton, 143 Grand Street.
Gordon, Reginald.
Gouldy, Miss Jennie A.
Hirschberg, Michael H.
Lockwood, Cornelius Wygant.
Macdonald, Benjamin J., 296 Grand Street.
Mitchell, James.
Robinson, Charles D wight.
Weed, J. N.. 244 Grand Street.
Weygant, Charles H.
Wilkinson, John G.
Williams, Charles S., i66 Montgomery Street.
New Hartford.
Scripture, Arthur M.
Nbw Rochbllb.
Pryer, Charles.
Nbw York.
Abbe, Robert, 13 West 50th Street.
Adams, Edward Dean, 35 Wall Street.
Adler, Isaac, 22 East 62d Street.
Adriance, John S., 105 East 39th Street.
Alexander, Harry, 18 and 20 West 34th Street.
Allison, Hendery, 260 West 57th Street.
Alpers, William C.» 45 West 31st Street.
Anderson, A. J. C, 127 Water Street.
Anthony, Richard A., 122-124 Fifth Avenue.
Anthony, William A., Cooper Union.
Archer, George P., 31 Burling Slip.
Arnold, Mrs. Francis B., loi West 78th Street.
(270)
OSOORAPBICAL DI«TltIBUTION^-N. T.
Aspinwall, John, 390 Broadway.
Atisten, Peter T., 80 Broad Street.
Avery, Samuel P., 4 Bast 38th Street.
Bailey, Frank H., U. S. P. S. " Brooklyn," care of Postmaster.
Bair, Joseph Hershey, Columbia University.
Baker, Frederic, 815 Fifth Avenue.
Balch, Samuel W., 67 WaU Street.
Bangs, Lemuel Bolton, 39 East 73d Street.
Banks, William C, 439 Bast 144th Street.
Barber, Amxi L., 7 East 4 2d Street.
Barbour, Thomas, 50 White Street.
Barnes, Edward W., Box 446.
Beck, Carl, 37 East 31st Street.
Bee be, Charles WilUam, N. Y. Zoological Park.
Beekman, Gerard, 47 Cedar Street.
Beers, M. H., 4x0 Broadway.
Bell, C. M., 320 Fifth Avenue.
Belmont, August, 23 Nassau Street.
Benedict, James H., 704 Lords Court.
Benham, J. W., 138 West 42d Street.
Bennett, Henry C, 4th Flat, 1692 Broadway.
Berkey, Charles Peter, Columbia University.
Bemheimer, Charles L., 43 East 63d Street.
Bickmore, Albert S., American Museum Natural History.
Bien, Julius, 140 6th Avenue.
Bigelow, Maurice A., Columbia University.
Biggs, Charles, 13 Astor Place.
Billings, Miss B., 279 Madison Avenue.
Bishop, Heber R., Mills Building.
Blake, Joseph A., 6oz Madison Avenue.
Blakeman, Mrs. Birdseye, 9 East 44th Street.
Bliss, Cornelius N., 117 Duane Street.
Bloodgood, John H., 6 West 40th Street.
Boas, Emil L., 37 Broadway.
Boas, Franz, American Museum Natural History.
Bogert, Marston Taylor, Columbia University.
Bookman, Samuel, 9 East 6 2d Street.
Bowker, R. R., 28 Elm Street.
Bradley, Charles S., 44 Broad Street.
Bramwell, George W., 335 Broadway.
Bristol, John I. D., Metropolitan Building.
Biitton, N. L., Bronx Park.
Bronson, E. B., 10 West 49th Street.
Brown, Joseph Stanford. 489 Fifth Avenue.
Brown, W. L., 4a West 7 2d Street.
(371)
OBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTldN — N. Y.
Brownell, Silas B., 71 Wall Street.
Bruggerhof, F. W., 36 Cortlandt Street.
Bryan, Walter, 139 East 21st Street.
Buchholz, Carl W., 21 Cortlandt Street.
Buckingham, Chas. L., 38 Park Row.
Bumpus, H. C, American Museum Natural History.
Burchard, Anson W., 44 Broad Street.
Burgess, Edward S., 11 West 88th Street.
Burr, William H., Columbia University.
Burton-Opitz, Russell, Columbia University.
Calder, George, 105 East a 2d Street.
Calkins, G. N., Columbia University.
Cammann, Hermann H., 51 Liberty Street.
Carter, James C, 277 Lexington Avenue.
Carter, Marion H., 504 West 143d Street.
Caswell, W. H., 201 West 55th Street.
Cathcart, Miss J. R., The Barnard.
Catt, Geo. W., Park Row Building.
Cattell, James McKeen, Columbia University.
Chamberlin, W. E., 11 1 Water Street.
Chambers, Frank R., 842 Broadway.
Chandler, C. F., Columbia University.
Childs, James E., 300 West 93d Street.
Chisholm, Hugh J., 813 Fifth Avenue.
Chisolm, George E., 19 Lioerty Street.
Church, E. D., Jr., 63 Wall Street.
Churchill, Wm. W., 26 Cortlandt Street.
Churchward, Alexander, 44 Broad Street.
Clark, Ernest P., 58th Street.
Clark, William Brewster, 50 East 31st Street.
Clements, Julius Morgan, 11 William Street.
Cochran, W. Bourke, 31 Nassau Street.
Coffin, C. A., 44 Broad Street.
Cole, George Watson, Graham Court, 1925 7th Avenue.
Conant. Charles A., 38 Nassau Street.
Conant, Miss E. Ida, 42 West 48th Street.
Copper, Edward, 12 Washington Square, North.
Corthell, Elmer L., i Nassau Street.
Cox, Charles F., Grand Central Depot.
Cox, Edmund O., 1878 Seventh Avenue.
Crampton, C. Ward, 160 West it 9th Street.
Crampton, Henry E., Columbia University.
Crocker, Francis B., Columbia University.
Crosby, William Edward, 1603 Amsterdam Avenue.
Curtis, Carlton C., Columbia University.
(273)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. Y.
Curtis, Charles B., 9 East 54th Street.
Curtis, G. Lenox, 7 West 58th Street.
Curtis, H. Holbrook, 118 Madison Avenue.
Cutler, Col man Ward, 36 East 33d Street.
Cutter, Ephraim, 120 Broadway.
Dana, Charles L.. 50 West 46th Street.
Davies, William G., 23 East 45th Street.
Davis, Bergen, Columbia University.
Davis, William Harper, Columbia University.
Day, William Scofield, 337 West 87th Street.
de Coppet, Henry, 32 West 17th Street,
de Forest, Robert W., 30 Broad Street.
Deimel, Richard F.. 209 West 97th Street.
Delafield. Maturin L.,*Jr., Fieldston, Riverdale.
Dellenbaugh, Frederick S., Century Club.
Dennett, William S., 8 East 49th Street,
de Raasloff, Harold, 18 Burling Slip.
Devereux, W. B., 99 John Street.
Dickerson, E. N., 141 Broadway.
Dimock, Mrs. Henry F., 25 East 60th Street.
Dodge, D. Stuart, 99 John Street.
Dodge, Philip T., Tribune Building.
Dodge, Richard E., Columbia University.
Dodman, Alfred C, Jr., 235 West io8th Street.
Doherty, Henry L., 40 Wall Street.
Douglas, James, 99 John Street.
Draper, Daniel, New York Meteorological Observatory.
Draper, Mrs. Henry, 271 Madison Avenue.
Dreyfus. William, 162 East 9Sth Street.
Drummond, Isaac Wyman, 436 West 2 2d Street.
Dunham, Edward K., 338 East 26th Street.
Durand, John S., 81 Fulton Street.
Dwight, Jonathan, Jr., 2 East 34th Street.
Earle, F. S., Bronx Park.
Earll, Charles I.. 76 William Street.
Easton, Christopher, Metropolitan Hospital. Blackwells Island.
Eimer, August, 220 East 19th Street.
Elliott, George T., Cornell Medical College.
Ely, Robert Erskine, 23 West 44th Street.
Eno, A. F., 32 Fifth Avenue.
Eno. John Chester, 18 West 38th Street.
Fairchild, B. T., P. O. Box 11 20.
Falding, Frederic J., 52 Broadway.
Falk, Gustav, 24 East 8ist Street.
Farrand, Livingston H., Columbia University.
(373)
OBOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. T.
Parwell, Elmer S., 507 West 14 2d Street.
Fay, L. G., 20 Exchange Place.
Ferguson, L. L., 155 Broadway.
Fisher, George E., 37 and 39 Wall Street.
Fiske, Thomas S., Columbia University.
Fletcher, Andrew, 339 West 77th Street.
Flint, Austin, Cornell University Medical College.
Forbes, Charles Savage, Columbia University.
Ford, James B., 507 Fifth Avenue.
Foster, Macomb G., P. O. Box 11 20.
Fox, William, College of the City of New York.
Fraenkel, Joseph, 46 East 75th Street.
Freeborn, George C, 215 West 70th Street.
Fries, Harold H., 92 Reade Street.
Frissell. H. S., 5th .A. venue and 44th Street.
Frost, George H., 220 Broadway.
Fuller, George W., 170 Broadway.
Furst, Clyde, Columbia University.
Gahagan, William L., 141 Broadway.
Gardner. George Clinton, 416 Beach Street. North.
Garver, John A., 44 Wall Street.
Geisler, Joseph F., New York Mercantile Exchange.
Gies, William J., College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Godkin, Mrs. E. L., 8 West loth Street.
Goodnow, Henry R., 95 Riverside Drive.
Graham, R. D., 281 Fourth Avenue.
Gratacap, L. P., 77th Street and 8th Avenue.
Greeff, Ernest F., 37 West 88th Street.
Green, Horace, 15 Spruce Street.
Greenough, John, 31 West 35th Street.
Greenway, James C, 667 Madison Avenue.
Griffin, Eugene, 44 Broad Street.
Grinnell, George Bird, 346 Broadway.
Grosvenor, Edwin P., 414 West ii8th Street.
Groszmann, M. P. E., "Pinehurst," Depot Lane, Wash'n Height?.
Gruenberg, Benjamin C, 60 West T3th Street.
Hagar, Stansbury, 48 Wall Street.
Hague, James D., 18 Wall Street.
Hallock, Albert P., 440 ist Avenue.
^Hallock, William, Columbia University.
Hammer, William Joseph, 1406 Havemeyer Building.
Hammond, John Hays, 71 Broadway.
Haslacher, Jacob, 100 William Street.
Havemeyer, W. F., 32 Nassau Street.
Hay, 0..P., American Museum Natural History.
(»74)
GBOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. T.
Haynes, Miss Caroline C, i6 East 36th Street.
Hays, B. Frank, Bensonhurst.
Hazen, Tracy E., Barnard College, Columbia University.
Hearn, David William, 30 West i6th Street.
Hendricks, Henry H., 49 Cliff Street.
Henrich, Carl, q 9 John Street.
Henzey, Samuel Alexander, 52 Broadway.
Hering, Daniel Webster, New York University.
Hering, Rudolph, 170 Broadway.
Herman, Mrs. Esther, 59 West 56th Street.
Herter, Christian A., 819 Madison Avenue.
Herzog. Felix B., 51 West 24th Street.
Hess, Selraar, 122 Fifth Avenue.
Higginson, James J., 16 East 41st Street.
Higley, Warren, 68 West 40th Street.
Himowich, Adolph A., 130 Henry Street.
Hinton, John H., 41 West 32d Street,
Hiss, P. Hanson, 437 West 59th Street.
Hitchcock, Romyn, 20 Broad Street.
Hodges, Miss Julia, 57 West 39th Street.
Hoe, Mrs. R., Jr., 11 East 36th Street.
Hoe, Mrs. Richard M., 11 East 71st Street.
Holbrook, Percy, 145 West 69th Street.
Holden, Edwin R., 13 East 79th Street.
Hollick, Arthur, Bronx Park.
Holt, Chas., 42 Broadway.
Holt, Henry, 29 West 23d Street.
Homer, Charles S., 245 Broadway.
Hopkins, George B., 52 Broadway.
Hovey, Edmund O., American Museum Natural History.
Howe, Henry M., Columbia University.
Howe, J. Morgan, 12 West 46th Street.
Howe, Marshall A., Bronx Park.
Howell, Wilson Stout, 80th Street and East End Avenue.
Hubbard, Walter C, Coffee Exchange Building.
Huddleston, John H., 126 West 85th Street.
Humphreys, Alexander C, 31 Nassau Street.
Hunter, George W., Jr., 2297 Loring Place.
Huntington, G. S., Columbia University.
Hyde, B. T. Babbitt, 20 West S3d Street.
Hyde, E. Francis, Hotel Netherland.
Hyde, Miss Elizabeth Mead, 210 East z8th Street.
Hyde, Frederick E., 20 West 53d Street.
Hyde, Frederick E., Jr., 20 West 53d Street.
Hyde, Henry St. J., 210 East i8th Street.
(275)
OBOORAPHXCAL DISTRIBUTION — N. T.
Ingram, Edw. L., N. Y. Navy Yard.
Ives, Frederick E.. 552 West 25th Street.
Jackson, Victor H., 240 Lenox Ave.
Jacoby, Harold, Columbia University.
Jarvis, Samuel M., i West 7 2d Street.
JeflEeris, William W., 442 Central Park, West.
Jenks, William Johnson, 120 Broadway.
Jesup, Morris K., 44 Pine Street.
Johnson, Willis G., 52 Lafayette Place.
Johnston, Thomas J., 66 Broadway.
Johnstone, William Bard, 22 West 25th Street.
Jones, Adam L.. Columbia University.
Jtdien, Alexis A., Columbia University.
Kahn, Julius, 100 West 80th Street.
Kasner, Edw., Columbia University.
Kean, Mrs. Hamilton Pish, 25 East 37th Street.
Kemp, James P.. Columbia University.
Keppel, F. P., Columbia University.
Keppler, Rudolph. 28 West 70th Street.
Ketchum, Alexander P., 32 Mt. Morris Park, West.
Keyser, Cassius Jackson, Columbia University.
King. Cyrus A., Gresham Court. loi West i4otli Street.
Klepetko, Frank, 307 Battery Park Building.
Knox, Henry H., no East 23d Street.
Koues, Miss Elizabeth L., 282 West 85th Street.
Kummer, Frederic Arnold, 29 Broadway.
Kunhardt, Wheaton B., i Broadway.
Kunz, G. F., Union Square.
La Fetra, Linnaeus Edford, 58 West 58th Street.
Lange, J. D., 220 West 79th Street.
Langmann, Gustav, 121 West 57th Street.
Laudy, Louis H., Columbia University.
Leaming, Edward, 437 West 59th Street.
Leavitt, Frank M., 258 Broadway.
Ledoux, Albert R., 99 John Street.
Lee, Frederic S., 437 West 59th Street.
Levene, P. A., i Madison Avenue.
Levine, Edmund J., 638 Broadway.
Lewis, Clarence McK., care Wm. Salomon & Co., 25 Broad Street
Lindenthal, Gustav, 45 Cedar Street.
Ling, George H., Columbia University.
Linville, Henry R., 509 West 112th Street.
Livingston. Burton E., Bronx Park.
Lloyd, Francis E., Columbia University.
Lloyd, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth, Columbia University.
('76)
OBOORA^HICAL DISTRIBUTION — X. V.
Lobenstine, William C, 245 Central Park, West.
Loeb, Morris, 273 Madison Avenue.
Loewy, Benno, 206 and 208 Broadway.
Logan, Walter S., 27 William Street.
Lough, J. E., New York University.
Love, Edward G., 80 East 55th Street.
Low. Seth. 30 East 64th Street.
Luquer, Lea Mcllvane, Columbia University.
Lyman, Chester W., 30 Broad Street.
McAlpin. P. W., 55 West 33d Street.
MacCracken, John H., Syndic of New York University.
MacDougal, Daniel T., Bronx Park.
MacDougall, George R., 131 West 73d Street.
MacDougall, Robert, Sedgwick Park.
MacFarland, W. W., 22 William Street.
Maclntyre, Miss Lucy. 303 West 74th Street.
Mack, Jacob W., 92 Liberty Street.
McClintock, Emory, 32 Nassau Street.
McGregor, James H., Columbia University.
McKeag, Miss Anna J., 14 East i6th Street.
Maclay, James, Columbia University.
McMillin, Emerson, 40 Wall Street.
McMurtrie, William, 100 William Street.
McMulty, John J., College of City of New York.
McNulty, Geo. Washington, 258 Broadway.
MacVannel, John A., Columbia University.
Macy, V. Event, 68 Broad Street.
Magee, Louis J., 25 Broad Street.
Magill, William S.. Dry Milk Co., ii Broadway.
Maltby, Margaret E., Barnard College.
Mapes, Charles Victor, 60 West 40th Street.
Marks, Louis B., 687 Broadway.
Martin, W. R. H., 56 West 33d Street.
Marvin, Harry Norton, 11 East 14th Street.
Meltzer, S. J., 107 West i22d Street. ,
Merrill. Earle Abbott, 26 Cortlandt Street.
Merrill, Pa3rson, iii Broadway.
Mershon. Ralph D., 621 Broadway.
Metcalfe, Henry, 143 Liberty Street.
Meyer, Adolf, N. Y. State Hospital, Wards Island.
Miller. Edmund H., Columbia University.
Miller, George N.. 811 Madison Avenue.
Miller, Henry Huntington, 13 Park Row Building.
Mitchell. Edward, 44 Wall Street.
Mitchell, Henry Bcdinger, Columbia University.
(^77)
GEOGRAPHICAL DtSTRIBtJTIOf; — N. Y.
Mitchell, Roland G., 141 Water Street.
Mitchell, Samuel A., Columbia University.
Morris, Henry L., i6 Exchange Place.
Morris, Newbold, 52 East 7 2d Street.
Morris, Robert T., 58 West 56th Street.
Morrison, Chas. E., 131 Hamilton Place.
Moses, Alfred J., Columbia University.
Mosher, Charles D., No. i Broadway.
Mullin, Edward Hemphill, 44 Broad Street.
Myers, William S., 12 John Street.
Nash, George V., Norwood Heights.
Nesmith, Henry E., Jr., 28 South Street.
Nichols, Ernest Fox, Columbia University.
Niles, Robert Lossing, 66 Broadway.
Oakes, F. James, 58 Stone Street.
Obrig, Adolph, ''The Dakota."
O'Connor, Joseph, 146 Frank Street.
Ogden, Herbert Gouverneur, Jr., The Royalton Hotel, 44 West 44th
Street.
Opdyke, William S., 20 Nassau Street.
Osbom, Henry F., Columbia University.
Osburn, Raymond C, Columbia University.
Paltsits, Victor Hugo, Lenox Library.
Parish, Henry, 52 Wall Street.
Park, William Hallock. 315 West 76th Street.
Parsell, Henry V. A., 770 West End Avenue.
Parsons, Mrs. Edwin, 326 West 90th Street.
Parsons, John E., iii Broadway.
Patten, John, 325 East 97th Street.
Patterson, Frank A.. 141 Broadway.
Pearson, Fred. Stark, Room 220, 29 Broadway.
Peckham, Wheeler H., 80 Broadway.
Pegram, George B., Columbia University. »'
Penniman, George H., 107 1 Fifth Avenue.
Pepper, George H., American Museum Natural History.
Peterson, Frederick, 4 West 50th Street.
Phillips, John S., 141 East 25th Street.
Pitkin, Lucius, 47 Fulton Street.
Plant, Albert, 28 East 76th Street.
Piatt, Thomas C, 48 Broadway.
Plimpton, George Arthur, 70 Fifth Avenue.
Porter, H. Hobart, Jr., 31 Nassau Street.
Potter, Mrs. Henry C, 347 West 89th Street.
Powel, de Veaux, 28 Broadway.
Prince, J. Dyneley, 15 Lexington Avenue.
(278)
GEOtiRAffrilCAL DtSTRIBUTlON— M. ,V.
Pritchard, William Broaddus, 105 West 73d Street.
Proudfit, Alexander Couper, 40 Wall Street.
Pupin, M. I., Columbia University.
Quackenbos, John D., 331 West a 8th Street.
Radin, Paul, 844 Teasdale Place.
Raymond, Rossiter W., 99 John Street.
Rees, John K., Columbia University.
Reid, Whitelaw, 451 Madison Avenue.
Reuter, Ludwig H., 434 East 87th Street.
Rice, Calvin Winsor, 44 Broad Street.
Rich, Michael P., 50 West 38th Street.
Richard, Montrose R., 114 West ii6th Street.
Richards, Edgar, 341 West 88th Street.
Richards, Herbert, Columbia University.
Rickard, T. A., 261 Broadway.
Ricketts, Louis D., 99 John Street.
Ricketts, Pierre de Peyster, 104 John Street.
Ries, Elias E., 116 Nassau Street.
Riker, Clarence B., 48 Vesey Street.
Riker, Samuel, 27 East 69th Street.
Robb, J. Hampden, 23 Park Avenue.
Rogers, Edward L., 71 Broadway.
Roney, Wm. R., 10 Bridge Street.
Root, Elihu.
Rothschild, Jacob, Hotel Majestic.
Rupp, August, College of City of New York.
Ruppert, G. E., 5 West 86th Street.
Rusby, Henry H., 115 West 68th Street.
Russak, Prank, 19 East 65 th Street.
Russell, James E., Teachers' College.
Rydberg, P. A., Bronx Park.
Sachs, B., 21 East 65th Street.
Sando, Will J., 120 liberty Street.
Sattcrlee, F. LreRoy, 8 West i8th Street.
Savage, Watson L., Columbia University.
Saville, Marshall H., American Museum Natural History.
Schermerhom, F. Aug., 10 1 University Place.
Schermerhom, William C, 49 West 23d Street.
Schemikow, Ernest, P. O. Box 1191.
Schieffelin, Eugene, 865 Madison Avenue.
Schieren, Charles A., Brooklyn.
Schiff, Jacob H., P. O. Box 1193.
Schirmer, Gustave, 117 East 35th Street.
Schmitt, A. Emil, 103 East 60th Street, The Palermo.
Schoney, L., St. James Court, 143d Street and 7th Avenue,
(279)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. Y.
Schultz, Carl H., 430-444 First Avenue.
Searle, George M., Paulist Fathers, 415 West 59th Street.
See, Horace, i Broadway.
Seligman, Isaac N., Mills Building.
Sever, George F., Broadway and nyth Street.
Seymour, George S., 17 Battery Place.
Shafer, John A., Bronx Park.
Shepherd, Miss Elizabeth, 353 West 128th Street.
Sherman, Henry C, Columbia University.
Shiland, Andrew, Jr., 262 West 78th Street.
Sickles, Ivin, 17 Lexington Avenue.
Skeel, Prank D., 58 East 25th Street.
Small, John Kunkel, Bedford Park.
Smith, Arthur, 152 Broadway.
Smith, Ernest Ellsworth, 262 Fifth Avenue.
Smith, Harlan I., American Museum Natural History.
Soper, George A., 39 Broadway.
Soule, R. H., 917 Seventh Avenue.
Spaulding, Edward G., College of the City of New York.
Spiccr, Walter E., 312 West 51st Street.
Spofford, Paul N., P. O. Box 1667.
Stanley- Brown, Joseph, 128 Broadway.
Stanton, John R., 11 and 13 William Street.
Stanton, Robert B., 66 Broadway.
Starr, M. Allen, 5 West 54th Street.
Starrett, M. G., 349 West 8sth Street.
Stem, Philip Kossuth, 130 Fulton Street.
Stevens, Edward Lawrence, 5 9th Street and Park Avenue.
Stevens, George T., 22 East 46th Street.
Stevenson, John J., University Heights.
Stieringer, Luther, 129 Greenwich Street.
Stillwell, Lewis Buckley, Park Row Building.
Stockard. Chas. R., Columbia University. •
Stokes, Anson Phelps, 47 Cedar Street.
Stone, Mason A., 161 Broadway.
Stookey, Lyman Brumbaugh, Pathological Institute, Wards Island
Strong, Oliver S., Columbia University.
Sumner, Francis B., College of the City of New York.
Taggart, Rush, 319 West 7Sth Street.
Tatlock, John, 32 Nassau Street.
Taylor, Henry Ling, 125 West 58th Street.
Tesla, Nikola, 55 West 27th Street.
Thompson, Robert M., 43 Exchange Place.
Thompson, W. Gilman, 34 East 31st Street.
Thorndike, E. L., Columbia University.
(380)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. Y.
Thome, Mrs. Phoebe Anna, 558 Madison Avenue.
Thome, Samuel, Jr., 44 East 70th Street.
Tiffany, Louis C, 15 Union Square.
Titus, E., Jr., 10 East 70th Street.
Trask, Spencer, William Street comer Pine Street.
Treat, Erastus B., 241-243 West 23d Street.
Trowbridge, Charles Christopher, Columbia University.
Tucker, Wra. C, 156 Fifth Avenue.
Tuckerman, Alfred, 342 West 57th Street.
Tufts, Frank Leo, Columbia University.
Turner, J. Spencer, 71 Worth Street.
Tweedy, Alice B., Spuyten Duyvil.
Underwood, Lucien M., Columbia University.
Vail, Miss Anna Murray, 29 Washington Square.
Valentine, Morris Crawford, 259 West 131st Street.
Van Amringe, John Howard, Columbia University.
Van Beuren, Frederick T., 21 West 14th Street.
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 602 Fifth Avenue.
Van Winkle, Edgar B., 115 East 70th Street.
Villard, Mrs. Henry, 145 West 58th Street.
Vineberg, Hiram N., 751 Madison Avenue.
Waddell, Montgomery, 135 Broadway.
Wainwright, John William, 177 West 83d Street.
Wales, Charles M., 11 Broadway.
Walker, James, 49 Maiden Lane.
Wallerstein, M., 105 East 91st Street.
Walsh, James J., 1973 Seventh Avenue.
Walter. W. J., 115 West 57th Street.
Ward, J. Langdon, 120 Broadway.
Ward, Willard Parker, 164 West 5 8th Street.
Ware, William R., Columbia University.
Warren, William R., 68 W^illiam Street.
Watterson, Miss Ada, 153 West 84th Street.
Webster, Albert Lowry, 112 East 40th Street.
Weeks, John Elmer, 46 East S7th Street.
Wetzler, Joseph, 240-242 West 23d Street.
Wheeler, William Morton, American Museum of Natural History.
White, Horace, 18 West 69th Street.
Whitfield, R. P., American Museum Natural History.
Wiechmann, F. G., 310 West 80th Street.
Wightman, Merle J., 302 Broadway.
Wilbour, Mrs. Charlotte B., 40 Central Park, South.
Wiley, William H., 43 East 19th Street.
Williams, Arthur, 55 Duane Street.
Williams, Ira Abraham, 77 West 124th Street.
(281)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. Y.
Williamson, G. N., 14 Dey Street.
Wills, Albert P., Columbia University.
Wilson, E. B., Columbia University.
Wingate, Miss Hannah S., 23 West Z29th Street.
Witthaus, R. A., Cornell Medical College.
Wolf, August S., 120 Broadway.
Wood, Mrs. Cynthia A., 117 West 5 8th Street.
Wood, Matthew P., 234 West 44th Street.
Wood, Thomas D., Columbia University.
Woodbridge, Frederick J., Columbia University.
Woodhull, John Francis, Teachers' College.
Woodman, Durand, 127 Pearl Street.
Woods, John A., 120 Broadway.
Woodward, Anthony, American Museum Natural History.
Woodward, R. S., Columbia University.
Woodworth. R. S., 338 East a6th Street.
Wyeth, John A., 19 West 35th Street.
Zalinski, E. L., 7 West 43d Street.
Niagara Falls.
Acheson, Edward G.
Barton, Philip Price, 127 Buffalo Avenue.
Fitz Gerald, Francis A. J., P. O. Box 118.
Hall, Charles M., Pittsburg Reduction Company.
Norwich.
Davis, Edward E., 47 West Main Street.
Nyack.
Bradley, Stephen R.
Oxford.
Burdick, Lewis Dayton.
Pbbkskill.
Orleman, Miss Daisy M., Peekskill Military Academy.
Orleman, Louis H., Peekskill Military Academy.
Pbn Yan.
Taylor, Edward Randolph.
Plattsburgh.
Hudson, George H., State Normal and Training School.
Stackpole, Miss Caroline E., State Normal School.
Poland Cbntbr.
Cheney, Newel.
(28a)
SBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. Y.
PoMPTON Lakes.
Ogilvie, Miss Ida Helen, Box 133.
Port Chbstbr.
Gregg, William H.
Roberts, Miss Jennie B., 231 William Street.
Port Richmond.
Dowell, Philip, High School.
Potsdam.
Aldrich, William S., Clarkson School of Technology.
Brackett, Byron B., Clarkson School of Technology.
Stowell. T. B.
POUGHKBEPSIB.
Bawden, H. Heath, Vassar College.
Cooley, LeRoy C, Vassar College.
D wight, William B., Vassar College.
Fumess, Miss Caroline E., Vassar College.
Kauffman, William A,, 73 Hooker Avenue.
Stone, Miss Isabelle, Vassar College.
Thelberg, Miss Elizabeth B., Vassar College.
Whitney, Miss Mary W., Vassar College.
Prince Bay.
Johnston, William A.
Pulaski.
Just, John A., Jefferson Avenue and Delano Street
RiPLBY.
Gardner, Corliss B.
Rochester.
Bausch, Edward, P. O. Drawer 1033.
Bausch, Henry, P. O. Drawer 1033.
Beckwith, Miss Florence, 394 Alexander Street.
Davison, John M., 340 Oxford Street.
Dodge, Charles Wright, University of Rochester.
Drescher, Willibald A. E., P. O. Drawer 1033.
Eaton, Elon H., 209 Cutler Building.
Fairchild, H. L., University of Rochester.
Gilbert, Charles B., 106 Brunswick Street.
Hale, George D., 1059 Lake Avenue.
Lattimore, S. A., University of Rochester.
Lawrence, Harry E., University of Rochester.
(283)
i
G£OGRAt>H[CAL DISTRtBtJTION — N. Y.
Lindsay, Alexander M.
Lomb, Adolph, P. O. Drawer 1033.
Lomb, Henry, P. O. Drawer 1033.
Lomb, Henry C, P. O. Drawer 1033.
McCartney, James H., Room 501 Granite Bviilding.
Paine, Cyrus P., 242 East Avenue.
Reche, Miss Eugenie M., 31 Howell Street.
Robinson, Otis Hall, University of Rochester.
Townson, Andrew J., Granite Building.
Ward, Frank A., 16-26 College Avenue.
Schenectady.
Andrews, William Symes, General Electric Company.
Curtiss, Richard Sydney, Union University.
Gantt, Henry Lawrence, care of American Locomotive Company.
Hoffman, Frank S., Union University.
Landreth, Olin H., Union University.
Lovejoy, J. R., 811 Union Street.
Mortensen, Casper, 5 Campbell Avenue.
Potter, William B., General Electric Company.
Reist, Henry G., 5 South Church Street.
Rice, Edwin Wilbur, Jr., General Electric Company.
Riddell, John, 1132 State Street.
Steinmetz, Charles Proteus, General Electric Company.
Wheeler, E. B., Union University.
Williams, Frank Blair, Union College.
SCHOHARIB.
Bias, Solomon.
Staatsburg-on-Hudson.
Landon, Francis G.
Staplbton.
Bardwell, Darwin L.
Hunt, Charles Wallace.
Syracuse.
Bardeen, Charles William, 406 S. Franklin Street.
Barr, John Henry, care of Smith-Premier Typewriter Co.
Billiard, Warren Gardner, Syracuse University.
Clark, Gaylord Parsons, Syracuse University.
Cogswell, William B.
Cruikshank, Barton, 1813 W. Genesee Street.
French, E. L., Crucible Steel Company of America.
Hargitt, Charles W., Syracuse University.
Hopkins, Thomas Cramer, Syracuse University.
(384)
GBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — N. T.
Kent, Wm., Syracuse University.
Kenyon, Oscar Curtis, High School.
Kirkwood, Joseph E., Syracuse University.
Kraus. Edward H., Syracuse High School.
Marlow, Prank William, 300 Highland Street.
Mathews, John A., Crucible Steel Co. of America.
Metzler. William H., Syracuse University.
Porter, J. Edward, 8 Clinton Block.
Reese, Albert M., Syracuse University.
Roc, Edward Drake, Jr., Syracuse University.
Saunders, F. A., Syracuse University.
Smallwood, Martin, Syracuse University.
Steensland, Halbert Severin, 614 South Salma Street.
Totman, David M., 303 Montgomery Street.
Towle, William M., Syracuse University.
Van Duyn, John, 318 James Street.
Tarrytown.
Bamhart, John H.
Coutant, Richard B.
Gamier, Madame Laure Russell, The Castle.
Troy.
Crockett, Charles W., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Hanaman, C. E.
Houston, David Walker, 18 Second Street.
Marsh, James P., 1828 Fifth Avenue.
Mason, William P., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Peck. Mrs. John Hudson, 3 Irving Place.
Raymond, William G., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Ricketts, Palmer C, 30 Second Street.
Ward. R. H.. 53 Fourth Street.
Turin.
Church, Royal Tyler.
Tuxedo Park-
Collier. Price. ,
Douglas, Mrs. George William.
Utica.
Dimon, Miss Abigail C, 367 Genesee Street.
Golden. Harry E., Mann Building.
Wavbrly.
Hilton, William A., 435 Penn Avenue.
obooraphical distribution — n. v. — n. c.
Wellsville,
Hall, Edwin Bradford.
West New Brighton.
Berry, Edgar H., care of C. W. Hunt Co.
Serrell, Edward Wellman, Forest Avenue.
White Plains.
Schmid, H. Ernest.
YONKERS.
Crehore, Albert C, 48 Lincoln Terrace.
Johnson, Frank Edgar, 747 Warburton Avenue.
NORTH CAROLINA.
Aberdeen.
Juat, Francis.
ASHEVILLE.
von Ruck, Karl, Winyah Sanitarium.
Chapel Hill.
Baskerville, Charles, University of North Carolina.
Cain, William, University of North Carolina.
Cobb, Collier, University of North Carolina.
Coker, William Chambers, University of North Carolina.
Gore, J. W., University of North Carolina.
Holmes, Joseph A., North Carolina Geological Survey.
Mills, James Edward.
Myers, Edward W., North Carolina Geological Survey.
Pratt, Joseph Hyde.
Venable, F. P., University of North Carolina.
Wheeler, Alvin Sawyer, University of North Carolina.
Wilson, Henry Van Peters, University of North Carolina.
Concord.
Satterfield, David J., Scotia Seminary.
Cronly.
Van Dyck, William Van Bergen.
Durham.
Hamaker, John Irvin, Trinity College.
Greensboro.
Bryant, Miss D. L., 218 Ashe Street.
Hammel, Wm. C. A., State Normal School.
(286)
gbograprical distribution — n. c. — n. dak. — ohio.
Ralbigh.
Ashe. W. Willard.
Chittenden, Thomas A., Agricultural and Mechanical College.
Kilgore, Benj. W.
Massey, Wilbur Pisk, Agricultural Experiment Station.
Sackett. Walter George, Baptist Female University.
Sherman, Franklin, Jr.
Stevens, Prank L.
Von Herrman, C. P., U. S. Weather Bureau.
Williams, Charles B., North Carolina Department of Agriculture.
Wake Forest.
Brewer, Charles Edward, Wake Forest College.
Poteat, William L.
West Raleigh.
Withers, W. A., North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic
Arts.
Wilmington.
Vest, Solomon Alexander, Navassa Guano Company.
Winston.
Ludlow, Jacob Lott, 434 Summit Street.
NORTH DAKOTA.
Agricultural College.
BoUey, Henry L., Agricultural College.
Fargo.
Griggs, Robert P., Fargo College.
Ladd, Prof. E. P.
Wetzel, Reinhard A., Science High School.
Forks.
George, Walter, University of North Dakota.
University.
Chandler, Elwyn Francis. University of North Dakota.
Valley City.
Perrine, Miss Lura L., State Normal School.
OHIO.
Academia.
Secor, William Lee.
(287)
geographical distribution — ohio.
Akron.
Knight, Charles M., 129 South Union Street.
Replogle, Mark A., in South Walnut Street,
Shaw, Edwin C, 104 Park Street.
Alliance.
Pawcett, £zra, 233 Ely Street.
Lee, Edwin, Mt. Union College.
Soule, William, Mt. Union College.
Yanney, Benjamin P., Mt. Union College.
Ashtabula.
Snyder, Fred. D., lo Center Street.
Athens.
Bentley, Wm. B., Ohio University.
Hoover, William.
Mercer, William Fairfield, Ohio University.
Barberton.
Bell, John Everett, care of Sterling Co.
Barnesville.
York, Lewis E.
Berea.
Fullmer, Edward Lawrence.
Cincinnati.
Ayers, Howard, University of Cincinnati.
Behrend, Bemhard Arthur, Station H.
Benedict, Harris Miller, 103 West St. Clair Street.
Bouscaren, Louis Frederic Gustav, City Hall.
Burke, M. D., 404 Pike Building.
Cincinnati, Public Library of.
Cushing, John J., 1001 Union Trust Building.
Evans. Thomas, University of Cincinnati.
Fleming, John A.. 1851 Kinney Avenue, E. Walnut Hills.
Guyer, M. P.. University of Cincinnati.
Hillkowitz, William, 704 Race Street.
Holmes, Christian R., 8-10 East 8th Street.
Homberg, Frederick, Woodward High School.
Hyde, E. W., Station D,
Jewett, William Cornell, 541 Ridge way Avenue.
Johnston, Arthur W., Madison Road.
Lloyd, John Uri, Court and Plum Streets.
Lyle, Benjamin P., 2302 West Eighth Street.
(288)
GBOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — OHIO.
Menyweather, George N., 639 Forest Avenue, Avondale.
Powell, James, 2525 Spring Grove Avenue.
Ransohoff, Joseph.
Reigart, John Franklin, University of Cincinnati.
Springer, Alfred, 312 East 2d Street,
Stewart. Robert W., The Oritz.
Cleveland.
Avery, Elroy M., 657 Woodland Hills Avenue.
Baldwin, S. Prentiss, 736 Prospect Street.
Brush, Charles F., 1003 Euclid Avenue.
Burton, Theodore E.
Case, Eckstein, Case School.
Chadwick, Leroy S., 1824 Euclid Avenue.
Cook, Samuel R., Case School.
Cowles, Alfred H., 656 Prospect Street,
Crile, Geo. W., 169 Kensington Street.
Curtis, Mattoon M., Western Reserve University,
Cushing, Henry Piatt, Adelbert College.
Dutton, Charles Frederic, Jr., 64 West Roy Avenue.
Emmerton, Frederic Augustus, 9 Bratenahl Building.
Focke, Theodore M., Case School.
Frost, Arthur Barzilla, 33 Fay Street.
Greenman, Jesse M., 875 Doan Street.
Gruener, Hippolyte, Adelbert College.
Herrick, Francis Hobart, Adelbert College.
Hobbs, Perry L., Western Reserve Medical College.
Holden, Mrs. L. E., "The HoUenden."
Howe, Charles S., Case School.
Hower, Harry Sloan, Case School.
Knox, Wilm, Society for Savings Building.
LeBaron, John F., 1329 Williamson Building.
McGee, John Bernard, 1405 Woodland Avenue.
Mabery, Professor C. F., Case School.
Marple, Charles A., 382 Sibley Street.
Marvin, Walter T., 36 Knox Street.
Miller, Dayton C, Case School.
Miller, Miss Louise K.. Goodrich House.
Mills, John, Western Reserve University.
Morley, Edward W., Adelbert College.
Moulton, W. H.. Mayfield Heights.
Peskind, Arnold, 1354 Wilton Avenue.
Price. Weston A. V., 2238 Euclid Avenue.
Robb, Hunter, 702 Rose Building.
Smith, Albert W., Case School of Applied Science.
(289)
OBOGRAPHXCAL DISTRIBCTION — OHIO.
Smith, Charles J., 35 Adelbert Street.
Sollmann, Torald. Western Reserve Medical College.
Spenzer, John G., 116 Rose Building.
Stair, Leslie D., 106 a E. Madison Avenue.
Stockwell, John N., ioo8 Case Avenue.
Tower, Olin F.. Adelbert College.
Tunstall, Whitmell Pugh, B. & O, Depot.
Waite, Frederick C, Western Reserve Medical College.
Warner, Worcester R., 1722 Euclid Avenue.
Whitman, Frank P., Adelbert College.
Wilson, Delonza Tate, Case School of Applied Science.
Columbus.
Alspach. E. F., 455 West 6th Avenue.
Blackburn, Joseph E., Box 231.
Bleile, Albert M., Ohio State University.
Bownocker, J. A., Ohio State University.
Boyd, James E., Ohio State University.
Cole, Alfred D., Ohio State University.
Davies. Arthur Ernest, Ohio State University.
Detmers, Fredcricka, 13 15 Neil Avenue.
Earhart. Robert F., Ohio State University.
Foulk, Charles W., Ohio State University.
Haines, Thomas, Ohio State University.
Henderson, William Edward, Ohio State University.
Hine, James S., Ohio State University.
Hitchcock, Embury A., 380 West 8th Avenue.
Howard. Curtis C., 97 Jefferson Avenue.
Kellerman, William A., Ohio State University.
Kcster, Frederick Edward, Ohio State University.
Landacre, Francis L., Ohio State University.
Lawrence, Florus F., 423 East Town Street.
Lazenby, W. R.
McPherson, William, Ohio State University.
Magruder, William T., Ohio State University.
Major, David R., Ohio State University.
Mead, Charles S., 217 King Avenue.
Mills, William C, Ohio State University.
Morrey, Charles B., Ohio State University.
Morse, Max W., Ohio State University.
Orton, Edward, Jr., "The Normandie."
Osbom, Herbert, Ohio State University.
Prosser, Charles S., Ohio State University.
Riddle, Lumina C, 160 West 5th Avenue.
Robinson, Stillman W., 1353 Highland Street.
C390)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — OHIO.
Ruppersberg, Miss Emma A., 842 South High Street.
Schaffner, John H., Ohio State University.
Stone, Julius F.
Swartzel, Karl D., 318 West 6th Avenue.
Thomas, Benjamin F., Ohio State University.
Tuckcrman, Louis B., 1473 Neil Avenue.
Weber, Henry A., Ohio State University.
Williamson, Homer D., 133 W. loth Avenue.
Covington.
Albaugh, Maurice.
Gold, James Douglas.
Dayton.
Houk, Mrs. Eliza P. T., P. O. Box 94.
Lowe, Houston.
Dbpiance.
Slocum, Charles E.
Delaware.
Duvall. Trumbull G.. Wesleyan University.
Hormell, William G., Ohio Wesleyan University.
Rice, Edward L., Ohio Wesleyan University.
Westgate, Lewis Gardner, Ohio Wesleyan University.
Elyria.
Little, C. A., Box 517.
Fredericktown.
Pennell, William W.
Gambier.
Halsted. George Bruce, Kenyon College.
Walton, L. B., Kenyon College.
Granville.
Chamberlain, Clark Wells, Denison University.
Dorsey, Herbert G.
Herrick, C. Judson, Denison University.
Stickney, Malcolm Enos, Denison University.
Hamilton.
See, James W., Opera House.
Hiram.
Col ton, Geo. H., Hiram College.
Young, Clinton Mason.
(29O
gbographical distribution — ohio
Mt. Vbrnon.
Grimm, Carl Robert, 103 North Vernon Street.
Marietta.
Corwin, Clifford E., High School.
Mc Kinney, Thomas Emory, Marietta College.
Marietta College Library.
Monfort, Wilson F., Marietta College.
Wolfe, Elmer Ellsworth, Marietta College.
Mbchanicsburg.
Hotchkiss, Elmer A.
Nkw Carlislb.
Thompson, James £.
North Baltimore.
Wenner, Francis W.
Obbrlin.
Baird, Robert Logan, Oberlin College.
Grover, Frederick Orville, Oberlin College.
Jewett, Frank Panning, Oberlin College.
Jones, Lynds, Oberlin College.
St. John, Charles E., 125 Elm Street.
Wright, Albert A., Oberlin College.
Wright, George Frederick, Drawer C.
Oxford.
Porter. Miss Caroline Johnson, The Western College.
Williams,' Stephen Riggs, Miami University.
Painesville.
Mathews, Miss Mary Elizabeth. Lake Erie College.
Plainville.
Hurd. E. O.
RrSHSYLVANIA.
Sutton, Jasper G.
Salem.
Mansfield, Albert K., 125 Lincoln Avenue.
Sandusky.
Curran, Ulysses T.
Moseley, Edwin L., High School.
Signal.
McMillan, Smith B.
(292)
cbooraphical distributiok — ohio — oki.a.
Sprinopibld.
Linn, Alvin Prank, Wittenberg College.
Weaver. Edwin Oscar, Wittenberg College.
Tiffin.
Bunn, J. P.
Homung, Christian, Heidelberg University.
Toledo.
Bessey, J. Mortimer, 1814 Adams Street.
Hillig, Frederick J., St. Johns College.
Savage, Thomas E., Western College.
Urbana.
CoUett, Samuel W., High School.
Warrbn. '
Pierce, Sloan J., R. P. D. No. 4.
West Milton,
Jennings, Gainor.
Westerville. »
Haywood, John, Otterbein University.
McPadden, L. H.
Miller, Prank E., Otterbein University.
Whbblbrsburg.
Taylor, James Landon.
Wilmington.
Bennett, N. E. ff
WOOSTER.
Bennett, William Z., University of Wooster.
Hyatt, William.
Mateer, Horace N.
Selby, Augustine Dawson, Agricultural Experiment Station.
Todd, J. H., Christmas Knoll.
Wilson, Wm. H., University of Wooster.
Wyoming.
Twitchell, E.
YOUNGSTOWN.
McKee, George C, care The William Tod Company.
OKLAHOMA.
Norman.
Gould, Charles Ncton, University of Oklahoma.
(293)
gbographical distribution — okla. — pa.
Stillwater.
Chandler, Richard £.
Shaw, Walter Robert, Agricultural and Mechanical College.
OREGON.
FoRBST Grove.
Coghill. George E., Pacific University.
Mt. Angel.
Epper, Frowin.
Portland.
Cheney, Williard C.
Coe. Henry W., ''The Marquam."
Lawbaugh, Elmer A., Oregonian Building.
Robinson, Samuel Adams, 135 North 2 2d Street.
Rockey, A. E., 778 Flanders Street.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Allegheny.
Albree, Chester B., 14-30 Market Street.
Boucek, Anthony J., 624 Chestnut Street.
Brashear, John A.
Connelley, C. B.
Deens, Miss Anna M., 216 North Avenue, West.
Forcee, Miss Margaret P., Arch near Ohio Street.
Phillips, Francis C, Box ia6.
Smith, Miss Jennie M., 40 Library Place.
Smith, Miss Matilda H., 40 Library Place.
Snyder, William E., 510 East North Avenue.
Tumbull, Thomas, Jr., Allegheny University.
Wadsworth, F. L. O., Western University of Pennsylvania.
Young, S. Edward, 2512 Perrysville Avenue.
Allentown.
Hunsicker, George W., 141 North 8th Street.
Kress, Palmer J., 636 Hamilton Street.
Altoona,
Dudley, Charles B., Drawer 56.
Annville.
McFadden, Thomas Gilbert, Lebanon Valley College.
Athens.
Stevens, Cyrus Lee.
(294)
GfiOGAAPrtlCAL DlStRIBUTiON — PA.
Bbavbr.
Hice, Richard R.
Bbthlbhbm.
Hair, Robert W.. 28 South Center Street.
Lambert, Preston A., 215 South Center Street.
Laramy, Robert Edward, 27 North New Street.
Rau, Albert George, 63 Broad Street.
Robbins, Fred. W.
Tunstall, Whitmell Pugh, 326 Wyandotte Street, South.
Blairsville.
Klingensmith, Israel P.
Brookvillb.
Jenks, William H.
Brtn Mawr.
Bascom, Miss Florence, Br)^ Mawr College.
Keasbey, Lindley M., Bryn Mawr College.
Miller, Benjamin Le Roy, Bryn Mawr College.
Warren. Joseph W.
California.
Banker, Howard J.
Harmon, Herbert W., South- Western State Normal School.
Carlisle.
Himes, Charles P.
Landis, W. W., Dickinson College.
Mohler, John P., Dickinson College.
Pilcher, James Evelyn, Dickinson College.
Pratt, R. H., U. S. Indian Industrial School.
Spangler, Harry Allen.
Stephens, Henry Matthew, Dickinson College.
Castlb Shannon.
Petterman, John Calvin.
Chester.
Heflfrin, Harry, 212 West 7th Street.
COLLBOBVILLB.
Gummere, Henry Volkmar, Ursinus College.
Shaw, Charles Hugh, Ursinus College.
Columbia.
Craig, Alexander Righter, 23a Cherry Street.
(295;
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — PA.
COOPBRSBURQ.
Boy 6, Martin H.
DOYLBSTOWN.
Pretz. Augustus Henry.
Mercer, H. C.
Dripton.
Coxe, Bckley B., Jr.
Easton.
Brasefield, Stanley E., Lafayette College.
Coffin, Selden J., Lafayette College.
Davison, Alvin, Lafayette College.
Eyerman, John, "Oakhurst."
Pirmstone, P.
Pretz, John Edgar, lao North 3d Street.
Green, Edgar Moore.
Hall, William S., Lafayette College. *
Hart, Edward, Lafayette College.
Hellick, Chauncey Graham, Lafayette College.
Moore, J. W., Lafayette College.
Peck, Frederick B., Lafayette College.
Sherwood- Dunn, B.
Shimer, Porter W.
Turrentine, J. W., Lafayette College.
Elysburg.
Allison, Charles E.
Emporium.
Van Gelder, Arthur P., Climax Powder Mfg. Co.
Erie.
Dunn, Ira J., 810 Peach Street.
Heisler, Chas. L., 909 North 8th Street.
Pranklin.
Conradson, Pontus H., Galena Signal Oil Company.
Gbrmantown.
Beyer, T. Raymond, 119 Maplewood Avenue.
Brown, Stewardson, 20 East Penn Street.
Carter, John E., Knox and Coulter Streets.
Fox, Henry, 5603 Germantown Avenue.
Haines, Reuben, Haines and Chew Streets.
Hyde, Chas. G., 6336 Burbridge Street.
Le Boutillier, Roberts, East Washington Avenue.
(296;
geographical distribution — pa.
Gettysburg.
Stahley, George D.
Glbnoldbn.
Kinyoun, J. J.
Glbnshaw.
Shaw, Henry Clay.
Grebnsburg.
Zuber, William H., Greensburg Seminary.
Greenville.
Eiesland, John, Thiel College.
Harrisburg.
Jacobs, Michael William, aaa Market Street.
McCreath, Andrew S., 223 Market Street.
O'Connor, Haldeman, 13 North Front Street.
Haverpord.
Hall, Lyman B., Haverford College.
Huntingdon Valley.
Bellows, Horace M.
Jacob's Creek.
Medsger, Oliver P.
Lancaster.
Gardiner, Frederic, Jr., Yeates School.
Kershner, Jefferson E.
Schiedt, Richard Conrad, Franklin and Marshall College.
Lansdowne.
Macfarlane, John M.
Lebanon.
Hayes, George W.
Weimer, Edgar A., Weimer Machine Works Company.
Lbmont.
Dale, J. Y., P. O. Box 14.
Lbwisburg.
Owens, William Gundy, Bucknell University.
Lincoln University.
Miller, John Craig.
Wright, Walter Livingston, Jr.
(297)
gboqraphical distribution — pa.
Lock Havbn.
Allabach, Miss Lulu P., Central State Normal SchooL
Fleckinger, Junius R., Normal School.
Singer, George Park, 545 West Church Street.
Media.
Hoopes, H. E.
Mbadvillb.
Breed, Robert S., Allegheny College. •
Montgomery, James H.
Snook, H. Clyde, Allegheny College.
MiLFORD.
Doughty, Mrs. Alia.
MiLLBRSVILLB.
Bitner, Henry P.
MiNERSVILLB.
Spayd, Henry Howard.
Monongahbla.
Linn, Geo. A., P. O. Box 813.
Mount Joy.
Zeigler, J. L.
Dinkey, Alva C.
Stewart, Francis L.
Rotzell, W. E.
MUNHALL.
murrysvill]
Narbbrth.
Nfw Wilmington.
Freeman, Charles, Westminster College.
Oakmont.
Barnsley, George Thomas.
Oil City.
Babcock, Charles A.
Oliphant, F. H., South Penn. Oil Co.
Pencoyd.
Christie, James.
Philadelphia.
Abbott, Alexander C, University of Pennsylvania.
Albrecht, Emil Poole, 1523 North 17th Street.
(298)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — PA.
Anders, Howard S., 1836 Wallace Street.
Ashbrook, Donald Sinclair, 3614 Baring Street.
Balch, Edwin Swift, 14 12 Spruce Street.
Bancroft, John Sellers, 3310 Arch Street.
Barker, G. P., 3909 Locust Street.
Barringer, Daniel Moreau, 460 Bullitt Building.
Beates, Henry, Jr., 1504 Walnut Street.
Bergey, David }i.. Southeast comer 34th and Locust Streets.
Biddle, James G., 1024 Stephen Girard Building.
Blair, Andrew A., 406 Locust Street.
Boston, L. Napoleon, 1531 South Broad Street.
Brown, Amos Peaslee, University of Pennsylvania.
Brown, Arthur E., 1208 Locust Street.
Bryant, Henry G., 2013 Walnut Street.
Burnham, George, Jr., 214 North 34th Street.
Calvert, Philip P., University of Pennsylvania.
Cat tell, H. W., 3709 Spruce Street.
Cohen, Solomon Solis, 1525 Walnut Street.
Conarroe, Thomas H., 1807 Wallace Street.
Conklin, E. G., University of Pennsylvania.
Coplin, W. M. L., Jefferson Medical College Hospital.
Comman, Oliver P., 2252 North 20th Street.
Coyle, John S., St. Joseph's College, 174 Stiles Street.
Crawley, Edwin S., University of Pennsylvania.
Cunningham, Francis A., 16 13 Wallace Street.
Currie, C. A., P. O. Box 1606.
d'Aurii, Luigi, 972 Drexel Building.
de Benneville, James S., University Club.
Dixon, Samuel Gibson, 1900 Race Street.
Downs, Norton, 215 West Walnut Lane, Germantown.
Duane, Russell, Real Estate Trust Building.
Du Bois, Howard Weidner, 4526 Regent Street.
Du Bois, Patterson, 401 South 40th Street.
Dulles, Charles W., 4101 Walnut Street.
Ehrenfeld, Frederick, University of Pennsylvania.
Ely, Theodore N., Pennsylvania R.R., Broad Street Station.
Fahrig, Ernst, 3642 York Road.
Fisher, George Egbert, University of Pennsylvania.
Fisher, S. Wilson, 1502 Pine Street.
Plexner, Simon, University of Pennsylvania.
Foote, Warren M., 13 17 Arch Street.
Frazer, Persifor, Drexel Building, Room 1042.
Gazzam, Joseph M., 611-614 Real Estate Trust Building.
Genth, Frederick A., 103 North Front Street.
Gildersleeve, Nathaniel, Universitv of Pennsvlvania.
(299)
OSpOftAPHlCAL DlSTfttBVttOK — PA.
Goldsmith, Edward, 658 North loth Street.
Goode, John Paul, University of Pennsylvania.
Goodspeed, Arthur Willis, University of Pennsylvania.
Gould, George Milbry, 163 1 Locust Street.
Hance, Anthony M., 2217 De Lancey Place.
Harrah, C. J., P. O. Box 1606.
Harris, J. Campbell, 119 South i6th Street.
Hart, Joseph Hall, University of Pennsylvania.
Harte, Richard H., 1503 Spruce Street.
Harvey, William Stecker, 119 South 4th Street.
Haupt, Lewis M., 107 North 35th Street.
Heilprin, Angelo, Academy Natural Sciences.
Hexamer, C. John, 419 Walnut Street.
Hitchcock, Miss Fanny R. M., 4038 Walnut Street.
Holmes, Miss Mary S., 1331 12th Street.
Humphrey, Richard L., City Hall.
Ingham, William A., 320 Walnut Street.
Jack, Louis, 1533 Locust Street.
Jayne, Horace, 318 South 19th Street.
Knauff, Francis Henry, Oak Lane.
Kraemer, Henry, 145 North loth Street.
Landis, Edward Horace, Central High School.
Lathbury, B. Brentnall, 16 19 Filbert Street.
Lazell, Ellis W.. 16 19 Filbert Street.
LeConte, Robert Grier, 1625 Spruce Street.
Lee, Benjamin, 1420 Chestnut Street.
Lee, Waldemar, 4620 Wayne Street.
Leeds, Morris E., 3221 North 17th Street.
Leidy, Joseph, Jr., 13 19 Locust Street.
Leonard, Charles Lester, 112 S. 20th Street.
Lewis, Wilfred, 5901 Drexel Road.
Lightfoot, Thomas Montgomery, Central High School.
Lyman, Benjamin Smith, 708 Locust Street.
McCurdy, Charles W., 724 Real Estate Trust Building.
McFarland, Joseph, 442 West Stafford Street.
Maher, John J., 1535 Franklin Street.
Makuen, G. Hudson, 252 South i6th Street.
Marks, William D., ''The Art Club."
Meehan, S. Mendelson, German town.
Mellor, Alfred, 2130 Mt. Vernon Street.
Meyer, John Franklin, University of Pennsylvania.
Milne, David, 2030 Walnut Street.
Mohr, Charles, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital.
Moore, Clarence B., 1321 Locust Street.
Nolan, Edward J., Academy Natural Sciences.
(300)
OBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — PA.
Olsen, Tinius, 500 North 12 th Street.
Ortmann, Arnold E., Carnej^e Museum.
Parker, J. B., United States Naval Home.
Patterson, James L., Chestnut Hill.
PaiKrling, Jesse, Jr., University of Pennsylvania.
Peirce, Cyrus N., 3316 Powelton Avenue.
Peirce, Harold, 222 Drexel Building.
Pennington, Miss Mary Engle, 3908 Walnut Street.
Penrose, Charles B., 1720 Spruce Street.
Penrose, R. A. F., Jr., 460 Bullitt Building.
P^tre, Axel, P. O. Box 1606.
Philips, Ferdinand, 505 N. 21st Street.
Piersol, George A., University of Pennsylvania.
Poth, Harry A., 216 North 33d Street.
Randall, Burton Alexander, 17 17 Locust Street.
Reed, Charles J., 3313 North i6th Street.
Reckefus, Chas. H., Jr., 506 North 6th Street.
Reese, Jacob, 400 Chestnut Street.
Riesman, David, 1624 Spruce Street.
Ritchie, Craig D., 414 North 34th Street.
Rorer, Jonathan T., Central High School.
Rosenthal, Edwin, 517 Pine Street.
Sadtler, Samuel P., N.E. comer 10th & Chestnut Streets.
Schaffer, Mrs. Mary Townsend Sharpless, 1309 Arch Street.
Schwatt, Isaac Joachim, University of Pennsylvania.
Seal, Alfred Newlin, Girard College.
Sellers, William, 1600 Hamilton Street.
Skinner, Henry, 716 North 20th Street.
Smith, Allen J., University of Pennsylvania.
Smith, Edgar F., University of Pennsylvania.
Smith, Joseph R., 2300 De Lancey Street.
Snyder, Monroe B., Philadelphia Astronomical Observatory.
Steinbach, Lewis W., 1309 North Broad Street.
Stellwagen, Thos. C, 1328 Chestnut Street.
Stewart, Ralph Chambers, 1031 Spruce Street.
Stradling, George F., 4114 Parkside Avenue.
Thomas, Lancaster. 1932 Mt. Vernon Street.
Thomson, William, 1426 Walnut Street.
Turner, Arthur Bertram, Temple College.
Tyson, James, 1506 Spruce Street.
Vaux, George, Jr., 404 Girard Building.
Walter, Miss Emma, 109 North i6th Street.
Warder, Charles Barclay, 1715 Walnut Street.
Wardle, Harriet N., 125 North loth Street.
Weaver, Gerrit E. Hambleton, 916 Farragut Terrace.
(301)
^
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — PA.
Welsh, Francis Ralston, 328 Chestnut Street.
Wetherill, Henry Emerson, 3734 Walnut Street.
Whitfield, J. Edward, 406 Locust Street.
Wille, Henry Valentin, 2600 Girard Avenue.
Wilson, William Powell, 233 South 4th Street.
Witmer. Lightner, University of Pennsylvania.
Wolfel, Paul L., N.W. cor. 15th & Chestnut Streets.
Wood, Stewart, 400 Chestnut Street.
Wood, Walter, 400 Chestnut Street.
Woodbury, Frank, 218 South i6th Street.
Phoenixvillb.
Deans, John S., Phoenix Bridge Conipany.
PiTCAIRN.
Beatty, James W. F.
Pittsburg.
Anderson, J. Hartley, 4630 5th Avenue.
Asdale, Wm. J., Western Pennsylvania Medical College.
Baggaley, Ralph.
Bennett, Edward. Amber Club.
Bland, John C, 1003 Penn Avenue.
Buchanan, James I., Conestoga Building.
Coster, Wm. H., Department of Public Works.
Crawford, David Francis, Union Station.
Daggette, Alvin S., 400 South Craig Street.
Dempster, Alexander, 5721 Stanton Avenue.
Ely, Sumner B., Vandergrift Building.
English, William Thompson, Western University of Pennsylvania.'
Falconer, William. Allegheny Cemetery.
Finley, Norval H., 6638 Deary Street.
Fisher, Henry Wright, S. U. Cable Company.
Hailman, James D., Shady Avenue.
Hartman. C. V., Carnegie Museum.
Hatcher, John Bell, Carnegie Museum.
Herron, John Brown, South Linden Avenue, E. E.
Holland, W. J., Carnegie Museum.
Kahl, Paul H. L, Carnegie Museum.
Kann, Myer M., Station B.
Kay, James L, 426 Diamond Street.
Keller, Emil E., P. O. Box 452.
Kirk, Arthur, 910 Duquesne Way.
Knowles, Morris, 10 17 Frick Building.
Koenig, Adolph, 122 9th Street.
Lange, Philip A., Westinghouse Electric and Mfg. Company.
C302)
GBOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — PA.
Lauder, George, 7403 Penn Avenue.
Lincoln, Paul M.
Litchfield, Lawrence, 5431 Fifth Avenue.
Macbeth, George A., 717 Amberson Avenue.
McClelland, James H., 5th ami Wilkins Avenues
Macfarlane, James R., Court House.
McKelvy, William H., 430 6th Avenue.
Mellor, Charles C, 319 sth Avenue.
Metcalf, Orlando, 424 Telephone Building.
Metcalf, William, i Fulton Street.
Morrison, Thomas, Farmers' Bank Building.
Negley, Henry Hillis, 600 North Negley Avenue,
Nicola, Frank F., German National Bank Building.
Osborne, Loyal Allen, Westinghouse Electric and Mfg. Company.
Phipps, Lawrence C, Farmers' Bank Building.
Porter, Henry K., 541 Wood Street.
Potter, William Plumer, 304 St. Clair Street.
Reed, James H., Amberson Avenue.
Roberts, Thomas Paschall, 361 North Craig Street.
Ross, F. G., Farmers' Bank Building.
Sanes, K. L, 1636 5th Avenue.
Scaife, William L., 28th Street.
Scott, Charles F., Westinghouse Electric and Mfg. Company
Shaw, Wilson A., Norwood Avenue, cor. Forbes Avenue.
Stewart, Douglas, Carnegie Museum.
Storer, Norman W., 6109 Howe Street.
Swensson, Emil, 55 11 Hays Street.
Taylor, Edward B.
Thaw, Benjamin, Morewood Place.
Thaw, Mrs. William, Box io86.
Tonnele, Theodore, 919 College Avenue.
Van Valkenburg, Hermon L., Amber Club.
Wardlaw, George A., Amber Club.
Webster, Frederick S., Carnegie Museum.
Westinghouse, George.
Wilkins, William G., Westinghouse Building.
Wurts, Alexander Jay, 11 64 Shady Avenue.
Berry, John Wilson.
Sheafer, A. W.
PiTTSTON.
POTTSVILLB.
Reading.
Bryson, Andrew, Brylgon Foundry.
Mengel, Levi W., Boys' High School.
(303)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — PA.
RiDOWAY.
Williams, J. C, Orchard Street.
Rockland.
Taylor, J. Erskine.
SCRANTON.
Clark, John Jesse. International Text Book Co.
Kay, Thomas Wiles, 345 Wyoming Avenue.
Richmond, William Henry, 3425 North Main Avenu*
Scharar, Christian H., 2073 North Main Avenue.
Sharpsvillb.
West, Thomas Dyson, T. D. West Engraving Co.
Smethport.
Scull, Miss Sarah A.
South Bethlehem.
Cleaver, Albert M.
Drown, Thomas M., Lehigh University.
Franklin, William S., Lehigh University.
Frazier, B. W., Lehigh University.
Irving. John D., Lehigh University.
MacNutt, Barry, Lehigh University.
Merriman, Mansfield, Lehigh University.
Sayre, Robert H.
Schober. Wm. Bush, Lehigh University.
Thomburg, Charles L., Lehigh University.
Whitehorne, William Risby, Lehigh University.
State College.
Armsby, Henry Prentiss.
Buckhout, W. A.
Clark, Friend E.
Frear, William.
Osmond, I. Thornton.
Pond. G. Gilbert.
Surface, H. A.
Wadsworth, M. Edw.
Swarthmore.
Alleman, Gellert, Swarthmore College,
Cunningham, Susan J., Swarthmore College,
Hoadley, George A., Swarthmore College.
Stine, W. M., Swarthmore College.
(304)
gbographical distribution — p>
Uniontown.
Kennedy, Orran W., Frick Coke Company.
Upper Darby.
Doolittle, C. L.
Pinkerton, Andrew.
Morris, F. W.
Vandbrgrift.
Villa Nova.
Warren.
Guth, Morris S., Milwaukee County Hospital.
Jefferson, J. P.
Lindsey, Edward.
Quinn, John James.
Walters' Park.
Walter, Robert.
Washington.
Linton, Edwin, Washington and Jefferson College.
McAdam, D. J., Washington and Jefferson College.
Waynesburg.
Turner, Archelaus E., Waynesburg College.
Waychoff, Andrew J., Waynesburg College.
West Chester.
Cochran, C. B., 514 South High Street.
Farquhar, Miss Helen, Normal School.
Schmucker, Samuel C, Normal School.
Wagner, Samuel, Greenbank Farm.
West Fairview.
Bashore, Harvey B.
Wilkensburg.
Downs, Edgar Selah, 704 Trenton Avenue.
Grant, Willis Howard, 744 South Avenue.
Newell, Frank Clarence, 434 Rebecca Avenue.
Wilkes-Barre.
Dean, William H., 167 West River Street.
Ricketts, R. Bruce.
Taylor, Lewis H., 83 South Franklin Street.
WiLMERDING.
Westinghouse, Henry Herman.
(305)
geographical distribution — pa. — r. i,
Wyncote.
Crawley, Howard.
York.
Wanner, Atreus.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS.
Bagino.
Thomas, Jerome B., Bencjuet.
Cavite.
Winterhalter, A. G., Naval Station.
Manila.
Folkmar, Daniel, care Civil Service.
Jenks, Albert E., Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes.
McCaulcy. C. A. H.
Meams, Edgar A.
Merrill, Elmer D., Insular Bureau of Agriculture.
Russell, A. H.
Worcester, Dean C.
Olongapo.
Harris, Uriah R., U. S. Naval Station.
PORTO RICO.
Ponce.
Domenech, Manuel V., Lock Box 220.
San Juan.
Berkeley, William N.. Box 466.
West, Max, care Treasury Department.
RHODE ISLAND.
Howard.
Keene, George F.
Kingston.
Barlow, John, College of Agriculture. ,
Card, Fred. W., College of Agriculture.
Merrow, Miss Harriet L., College of Agriculture.
Lonsdale.
Bartlett, John R.
Matunuck.
Matlack, Charies, *' Hidden Hearth."
(306)
gbographical distribution — r. i. s, c.
Newport.
Emmons, Arthur B.
Gibbs, Wolcott.
Wheatland, Marcus F., 84 Johns Street.
Peace Dale.
Hazard, Rowland G.
Providence.
Appleton, John Howard, Brown University.
Bams, Carl, Wilson Hall, Brown University.
Blanchard, .\rthur Horace, Brown University.
Catlin, Charles A., 133 Hope Street.
Delabarre, E. B., 9 Arlington Avenue.
Gorham, Frederic P., Brown University.
Hill, John Edward, Brown University.
Lowell, Russell C. 573 Hope Street.
Marlatt, Miss Abby L., Manual Training High School.
Mead, A. D,, Brown University.
Miller, Horace George, 189 Bowen Street.
Packard, A. S., 115 Angell Street.
Palmer, Albert De Forest, Brown University.
Slocum, Frederick, Ladd Observatory.
Tilley, Charles Edward, Hope Street High School.
Upton, Winslow, Ladd Observatory.
Weed. Alfred, care Nicholson File Company.
Williams, Leonard Worcester, Brown University.
Woodward, William Carpenter, 5 Charles Field Street.
Marble, Miss Sarah.
WOONSOCKET.
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Aiken.
McGahan, Chas. F.
Charleston.
Ashley, George H., College of Charleston.
Rea, Paul M., College of Charleston.
Clemson College.
Barnes, Albert.
Brackett, Richard N.
Brodie, Paul T.
Chambliss, Charles E.
Lewis, Joseph Volney.
McDonnell, Curtis C.
(307)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — S. C. — B. D.
Mell, P. H.
Metcalf, Haven.
Riggs, Walter M.
LUGOPP.
Burdell, W. J.
Spartanburg.
Francis, Charles Ken worthy, Converse College.
Knox, Francis H.
Waller, Coleman Bailey, Wofford College.
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Britton^.
Jewett, Geo. Franklin.
Brookings.
Chilcott. Ellery C, Agricultural College
Heston, John W., Agricultural College.
Deadwood.
Torrence, William W., 649 Main Street.
Hurley.
Ellis, Robert W.
Madison.
Norton, A. Wellington.
Rapid City.
Hartgering, James.
McLaury, Howard L., School of Mines.
O'Hara, Cleophas Cisney. School of Mines.
Slagle, Robert Lincoln.
Redfield.
Arnold, Jacob H., Redfield College.
Rosebud.
Reagan, Albert B., care Boarding School.
Scovel, Edward C.
Sioux Falls.
Peabody, Mary Brown, All Saints School.
Spencer.
B^ndrat, Thomas' A.
(308)
OftOGftAPHlCAL DISTRIBUTION — S. D. — TBffN.
Vbrmillion.
Akeley, Lewis E., State University.
Droppers, Garrett, State University.
Todd, James E., State University.
TENNESSEE.
Bristol.
Williams, Harvey Ladew, P. O. Box 410.
Chattanooga.
Anderson, Edwin Clinton, 726 Market Street.
Knoxvillb.
Bain, Samuel M., University of Tennessee.
Claxton, P. P., University of Tennessee.
Dabney, Charles W., University of Tennessee.
Fulton, Weston Miller, University of Tennessee.
Perkins, Charles Albert, University of Tennessee.
Wait, Charles E., University of Tennessee.
Lebanon.
Waterhouse, James Smartt, Cumberland University.
Mbmphis.
Cook, James B., Randolph Building.
Sinclair, Alexander Grant, Memphis Hospital Medical College,
Nashvillb.
Buist, John Robinson.
Daniel, John, Vanderbilt University.
Dudley, William L., Vanderbilt University.
Glenn, L. C, Vanderbilt University.
Hollinshead, Warren H., Vanderbilt University.
Jones, Grinnell, Vanderbilt University.
Kirk, Elliott W.. Wesley Hall.
Lund, Robert Leathan.
McGill, John T., Vanderbilt University.
Martin, George W., Vanderbilt University.
Thruston, Gates Phillips.
Sbwanbb.
Barton, Samuel M., University of the South.
Hall, William Bonnell, University of the South.
Quintard, Edward A.
(309)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — TE^C.
TEXAS.
Austin.
Bray, William L., University of Texas.
Ellis, Alexander C, University of Texas.
Ferguson, Alexander McGowan, University of Texas.
Harper, Henry Winston, University of Texas.
Lowber, James William, 113 East i8th Street.
Mezes, Sidney Edward, University of Texas.
Pearce, James Edwin, 309 West 10th Street.
Prather, William L., 19 14 Nueces Street.
Rucker, Miss Augusta, University of Texas.
Simonds, Frederic W., University of Texas.
Smith, Matthew Mann.
Smith, Q. Cincinnatus, 617 Colorado Street.
Wooten, J. S.
Belton.
Wells, Eliab Horatio, Baylor Female College.
Brvnnbr.
Fuller, Arthur Levens.
Camuen.
Carroll, James J.
College Station.
Nagle, James C, Agricultural and Mechanicsd College.
Ness, Hege, Agricultural and Mechanical College.
Puryear, Chas., Agricultural and Mechanical College.
Sanderson, E. D wight. Agricultural and Mechanical College
Tilson, P. S., Agricultural and Mechanical College.
Columbus.
Harrison, Robert Henry.
Simpson, Frie^ch, Jr.
Corpus Christi.
Spohn, Arthur Edward.
Dallas.
Hasic, Montague S.
Smith, J. F., Commercial College.
Denison.
Munson, T. V.
Denton,
Long, William H., Jr.,
GBOGRAPHICAL DlSTRtBUtlOI^ — tUX.
El Paso.
Mellish, Ernest Johnson.
Fort Worth.
Chase, Ira Carleton.
Heller, Napoleon B., Fort Worth University.
Galveston.
Dudgeon, H. R., School of Medicine, University of Texas
Jones, Charles C.
Patten, Frank Chauncy, Rosenberg Library.
Thompson, James Edwin, 3224 Broadway.
Garrison.
Matly. Frederick W.
Hbmstbad.
Montgomery, Edmund.
HiLLSBORO.
Thompson, Benj., T. & B. V. Ry. Co.
Houston.
Daviss, Edward P., 305-6 Binz Building.
Dumble, E. T., 1306 Main Street.
McLaughlin, A. C, Houston Oil Co., of Texas.
Red, Samuel Clark.
Huntsville.
Coleman, Walter, Sam Houston Normal Institute.
Halley, Robert Bums, Sam Houston Normal Institute.
McKlNNEY.
Curtis, George W.
Llano.
Smith, James Edward.
Orangb.
Saunders, James, Lock Box 147.
Port Arthur.
Biggins, J. Edgar, care Gulf Refining Co.
Prairie View.
Blackshear, Edward Levoisier.
Rogers.
Thomas, George T.
(3^1)
geographical distribution — tex. — utah.
San Antonio.
Brackenridge, George W.
Braunnagel, Jules L. A., P. O. Box 925.
Vamey, A. L., San Antonio National Bank.
Stbphbnvillb.
Boon, John Daniel. *
Tbmplb.
Miller, Pleasant T., 816 North 9th Street.
Tbxarkana.
Sheppard, Morris.
Victoria.
Grouse, Hugh Woodward.
Smith, Felix Ezell.
Waco.
Cole, W. F.
Kesler, John Louis, Baylor University.
Whitbwright.
Butler, Frank Edward, Grayson College.
Wolfe City.
Holstein, George W.
Shropshire, Walter.
Yoakum.
UTAH.
Logan.
Ball, Elmer D., Agricultural College.
Kerr, Wm. J., Agricultural College.
Linford, James Henry, The Brigham Young College.
Salt Lake City.
Anderson, Frank, 255 2d East Street.
Ellis, Henry Rives, 217 South West Temple Street.
Fisher, Robert Welles, 159 East 2d South Street.
Garrett, Albert O., 615 South Ninth East Street.
Howard, Orson, University of Utah.
Jenney, Walter Proctor, Kuntsford Hotel.
Jones, Marcus E.
Merrill, Joseph Francis, University of Utah.
Reynolds, George, P. O. Box B.
Talmage, James Edward, University of Utah.
Tiernan, Austin K., P. O. Box 441.
geographical distribution — utah — va.
Sunshine.
Stackpole, Morrill D.
Holton, Henry D.
VERMONT.
Brattlbboro.
Burlington.
Butterfield, Arthur Dexter, University of Vermont.
Freedman, William Horatio, University of Vermont.
Jones, Lewis Ralph, University of Vermont.
Morse, Warner Jackson, University of Vermont.
Perkins, George H.
Perkins, Henry F., University of Vermont.
Stuart. William, University of Vermont. "^
Taft, Elihu B.
Votey, J. William, University of Vermont.
Jericho.
Bentley, Wilson A.
Johnson.
Ham, Judson B., State Normal School.
MiDDLBBURY.
Burt, Bdward Angus, Middlebury College.
Rutland.
Francisco, M. Judson, 49 Merchants' Row.
Saint Johnsbury.
Fairbanks, Henry.
Springfield.
Hartness, James, Jones St Lamson Machine Company,
VIRGINIA.
Alexandria.
O'Brien, Matthew Watson, 908 Cameron Street.
Big Stone Gap.
Hodge, James M.
Blacksburg.
Alwood, William B., Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Davidson, R. J., Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Phillips, John Lloyd, Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Price, Harvey Lee, Agricultural Experiment Station.
(3»3)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — VA.
Pritchard, Samuel Reynolds, Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Randoljph, L. S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Blackstonb.
Fishbume, Edward B., Jr.
Charlottes viLLB.
Dunnington, F. P., University of Virginia.
Jones, Ernest S., University of Virginia.
Mallet t, J. W., University of Virginia.
Stone, Ormond, University of Virginia.
Thornton, William M., University of Virginia.
Tuttle, Albert H., University of Virginia.
College Park.
Martin, F. W., Randolph- Macon Women's College.
Emory.
Miller, James Shannon, Emory and Henry College.
Farmvillb.
Jarman, Joseph L., State Female Normal School.
Fredericksburg.
Richardson, William D., P. O. Box 185.
Hampden-Sidney.
Bagby, J. H. C, Hampden-Sidney College.
HOLLINS.
Duke, Frank Williamson, Hollins Institute.
Lexington.
Campbell, Henry Donald, Washington and Lee University.
Howe, James Lewis, Washington and Lee University.
Humphreys, David Carlisle, Washington and Lee University.
Stevens, W. LeConte, Washington and Lee University.
Long's Shop.
Price, Robert H., Willow View Farm.
Miller School.
Tompkins, Stonewall.
Newport News.
Hopkins, Albert L., 2904 West Avenue.
Post, Walter A., Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co.
(314)
gbographical distribution. — va. — w. va.
Richmond.
Garcin, Ramond D., 2618 East Broad Street.
Hunter, Joseph Rufus, Richmond College.
Johnston, Geo. Ben., 407 Bast Grace Street.
Kimball, James H., Weather Bureau.
Magruder, Egbert W., Department of Agriculture.
Valentine, Edward P.
Roanoke.
Engle, Horace M.
Mueller, Edward. '
Saltville.
Mount, William D., Mathieson Alkali Works.
WASHINGTON.
Mount Vernon.
Waugh, James Church.
Pullman.
Landes, Henry.
Shedd, Solon.
Seattle.
Brainerd, Erastus.
Eagleson, James B., 512 Burke Building.
Frye, Theodore Christian, State University.
Gordon, Charles Henry, University of Washington.
Johnson, Charles W., University Station.
Minis, John, U. S. Engineer's Office.
Roberts, Milnor, University of Washington.
Shelton, Edward M.. 2904 Franklin Avenue.
Spokane.
Burbidge, Frederick, 510 Empire State Building.
McMuUen, Joseph F., 1908 Nora Avenue.
Starbuck.
Pietrzycki, Marcel.
Tacoma.
Gault, Franklin B., 602 North I Street.
Smith, Alice Maude, 327 North G Street.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Athens.
Goodwin, Elmer Forrest, State Normal School.
(315)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — W. VA. — WIS.
BOOMBR.
Sharp, Charles Cutler, Raven Coal and Coke Company.
Charlbston.
Cargill, George W.
Davis, John J."
Smith, Harvey F.
Sands, Wm. Hupp.
Clarksburg.
Fairmont.
Martinsburg.
McCune, M. Virginia, 506 West John Street.
Morgantown.
Brock, Luther S.
Brown, Samuel B.
Past, Richard Ellsworth, West Virginia University.
Hennen, Ray V., L. B. 448.
Hodges, Thomas Edward, West Virginia University,
Johnson, Thomas Carskadon, Agricultural Experiment Station.
Johnston, John Black, West Virginia University.
Jones, Clement Ross, West Virginia University.
Maxwell, Hu.
Morris, Russell Love, West Virginia University.
Sheldon, John Lewis, Agricultural Experiment Station.
Stewart, James H., Agricultural Experiment Station.
White, L C, West Virginia University.
Witham, William Henry, West Virginia University.
Philippi.
Six, William Lewis.
Waverly.
Brooks, Earle Amos.
Wheeling.
Crockard, Frank Heame, Lock Box 34.
WISCONSIN.
Bbloit.
Smith, Erastus G., Beloit Sanitary Laboratory.
Smith, Thomas A., Beloit College.
Delavan.
Walker, E. W., State School for the Deaf.
(316)
. ob06raphical distribution — wis.
Fond du Lac.
Molitor, David, 125 Park Avenue.
Grbbn Bay.
Schuette, J. H.
Kenosha.
Windesheim, Gustave, 255 Main Street.
Madison.
Babcock, S. Moulton, 432 Lake Street.
Birge, Edward A., University of Wisconsin.
Bull, Storm, University of Wisconsin.
Cheney, Lellen Sterling, 318 Bruen Street.
Clements, Julitis Morgan, University of Wisconsin.
Comstock, George C, University of Wisconsin.
Fenneman, Nevin M., University of Wisconsin.
Flint, Albert S., Washburn Observatory.
Frost, William Dodge, University of Wisconsin.
Goflf, E. S., 1 1 13 University Avenue.
Hastings, Edwin George, Agricultural Experiment Station.
Hillyer, Homer W., University of Wisconsin.
Hobbs, William Herbert.
Jastrow, Joseph, University of Wisconsin.
Kahlenberg, Louis, University of Wisconsin.
Kremers, Edward, University of Wisconsin.
Leith, Charles Kenneth, University of Wisconsin.
Lenher, Victor, University of Wisconsin.
Longden, A. C, Wisconsin Avenue.
Maurer, Edward R., University of Wisconsin.
Mendenhall, Charles E., University of Wisconsin.
Miller, Louallen F., University of Wisconsin.
Miller, William S., University of Wisconsin.
O'Shea, M. V., University of Wisconsin.
"Russell, H. L., University of Wisconsin.
Slichter, Charles S., University of Wisconsin.
Snow, Benjamin W., 518 Wisconsin Avenue.
Trowbridge, Augustus, University of Wisconsin.
Tumeaure. Frederic E., University of Wisconsin.
Van Hise, Charles R., University of Wisconsin.
Wagner, George, 15 West Gorham Street.
Weidman, Samuel, Wisconsin State Geological and Natural His-
tory Survey.
Woll, Fritz Wilhelm, 424 Charter Street.
C317)
geographical distribution — wis,
Mbnomonie.
Davis, Kary Cadmus.
Milton.
Daland. William Clifton.
Milwaukee.
Beach, William Harrison, 229 Pleasant Street.
Becher, Franklin A., 234 Oneida Street.
Case, Ermine Cowles, State Normal School.
Conway, George M., 10 Belvedere.
Friend, Samuel Henry, 141 Wisconsin Street.
Kletzsch, Gustav A., 453 Cass Street.
Mitchell, Andrew S., 220 Green bush Street.
Neilson, Walter Hopper, 114 Garfield Avenue.
Nolte, Lewis G., Senn's Block.
Ogden, Henry Vining, 141 Wisconsin Street.
Sherman, Lewis, 448 Jackson Street.
Stickney, Gardner P., care Oliver C. Fuller & Company.
Uihlein, August, 332 Galena Street.
Ward, Henry L., Public Museum.
Wright, Clement Blake Bergen, 796 Astor Street.
North Freedom.
La Rue, William Gordon.
OCONOMOWOC.
Voje, John Henry, Private Sanatorium, Waldheim.
Racine.
Davis, J. J., 1 1 19 College Avenue.
Ripon.
Chandler, Charles Henry.
Marsh, C. Dwight, Ripon College.
Shullsburg.
Harris. Frederick S.
Wauwatosa.
Grosskopf, Ernest C, Milwaukee County Hospital.
Williams Bay.
Barnard, Edward E., Yerkes Observatory.
Fox, Philip, Yerkes Observatory.
Frost, Edwin Brant, Yerkes Observatory.
Hale, George E., Yerkes Observatory.
Reese, Herbert M., Yerkes Observatory.
C318)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — WIS. — CANADA.
Schlesinger, Frank, Yerkes Observatory.
Wallace, Robert James, Yerkes Observatory.
WYOMING.
Buffalo.
Onderdonk, Henry U.
Casper.
6alath^, Frederick, Penna. Oil and Gas Company.
Cheyenne.
Morris, Robert C, Clerk -of Wyoming Supreme Court.
Four Bear.
Pickett, William Douglas.
Laramie.
Buffum. Burt C.
Nelson, Aven, University of Wyoming.
Slosson, Edwin E., University of Wyoming.
Rawlins.
Carter, James.
Sheridan.
Coffeen, H. A.
Shoshone Agency.
Ramsey, Miss Mary C.
FOREIGN.
BRAZIL.
Sao Paulo.
Derby, Orville A.
Lane, Horace Manley, Caixa 14.
von Ihering, F., Museu Paulista.
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
ROSSLAND.
Thompson, William, Rossland Great Western Mines, Limited.
Victoria.
SuttOn, William J.
Wiirtele, John Hunter.
Wiirtele, Louis C.
CANADA.
Acton Vale.
(319)
geographical distribution — canada.
Barrib.
Hunter, Andrew Frederick.
Chatham.
Macfariane, A., Gowrie Grove.
Dawson.
Tyrrell, Joseph B.
Prbdbricton.
Riley, Isaac Woodbridge.
GUBLPH.
Lochhead, William, Ontario Agrictiltural College.
Mills, James, Ontario Agrictdtural College.
Halifax.
Murray, Daniel A., Dalhousie College.
Lindsay.
Cornish, George A.
London.
Bcthune, C. J. S., 500 Duflferin Avenue.
Montreal.
Burgess, Thomas J. W., Protestant Hospital for the Insane.
Butler, Matthew J., 877 Dorchester Street.
Cox, John, McGill University.
Holt, Herbert S., Montreal Light, Heat and Power Company
lies, George, 5 Brunswick Street.
Lampard, Henry, 102 Shuter Street.
Loeb, Leo, McGill University.
Lyman, Henry H., 74 McTavish Street.
Mills, Wesley, McGill University.
Schenck. Charles C, McGill University.
Walls, John Abbet, 1724 Notre Dame Street.
Niagara Falls.
Converse, Vernon G., Ontario Power Co.
Ottawa.
Bell, Robert, Geological Survey.
Fletcher, James, Experimental Farm.
Harmon, Miss A. Maria, 171 McLaren Street.
Klotz, Otto Julius, 437 Albert Street.
Saunders, Charles E., Experimental Farm.
Saunders, William, Experimental Farm.
(320)
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION CANADA — GERMANY.
Shutt, Frank T., Experimental Farm.
Whiteaves, J. F., Geological Survey.
Quebec.
Laflamme, J, C. K., Laval University.
Stanstbad.
Moore, Mrs. A. H.
Toronto.
Burton, E. F., Toronto University.
Faull, Mrs. Annie B. Sargent, 245 McCaul Street.
Galbraith, John, School of Practical Science.
James, Charles C, Department of Agriculture.
Kammerer, Jacob Andrae.
Kirschmann, A., Toronto University.
McCurdy, Arthur W., 143 Bloor Street, West.
McLennan, J. C, Toronto University.
Walker, Byron Edmund.
ENGLAND.
Lampeter.
Scott, Arthur William, St. David's College.
London.
Hoover, Herbert C, care Bewick, Morring & Co., Broad Street
House, New Broad Street.
Peters, Edw. T.. 58 Savemake Road, N. W.
Power, Frederick B., 6 King Street, Snow Hill, E. C.
Wells, Wm. H., Jr., 2 Norfolk Street, Strand, W. C.
Oxford.
Myres, John L., Christ Church.
ROTHAMSTED.
Warington, Robert.
FRANCE.
Menton.
AUis, Edward Phelps, Jr., Palais Carnoles.
Paris.
Loubat, Le Due De, 47 rue Dumont d'Urville.
GERMANY.
Berlin.
Hoffmann, Friedrich, Charlottenburg, Kant Street 125.
(33 1)
geographical distribution — germany mexico.
Bonn.
Miyake, KUchi, Botanisches Institut, Universitat zu Bonn.
HUNGARY.
Budapest.
Kr^csy, B^la, vi Bulyovsxky u. 22.
ITALY.
San Remo.
Kuntze, Otto, Villa Girola.
JAMAICA, B. W. I.
Kingston.
Fawcett, Wm., Hope Gardens.
JAPAN.
Kobe.
Hoyt, Olive Sawyer, Kobe College.
Tokyo.
Loew, Oscar.
Gause, Fred. Taylor.
Morse, Willard S.
Alexander, Curtis.
Yokohama.
MEXICO.
Aguascalibntbs.
Cedral.
City op Mexico.
Agviilera, Jos^ G., Ecological Institute of Mexico.
de Arozarena, Rafael M., 2 da Calle de las Estaciones.
Delafond, E., P. O. Box 2290.
Hard, James M. B., Cordobanes 16.
Sercombe, Parker H., la Calle San Francisco No. 8.
Smoot, Edgar Kenneth, D. F. 79 Paseo de la Reforma.
COLIMA.
Herbert, Arthur P.
Cordoba.
Bowman, Joseph H.
(322)
GBOORAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION — MEXICO — NICARVOUA,
COYOACAN, D. F.
NuttalU Mrs. Zelta, Casa Alvarado.
Guadalajara.
Schiaffino, Mariano L.
GUADALUPB Y CaLVO.
Schiertz, Ferdinand A.
Gutierrez, Manuel R.
McLimont, Andrew W.
Cema, David.
Dysterud, E.
De Landero, Carlos P.
Jalapa.
LiNARBS.
monclova.
montbrbt.
Pachuca.
Saltillo.
Abbott, Theodore Sperry.
Burton, Standish B.
San Nicolas dbl Oro.
Miller, Henry Huntington.
Sombrbrbtb.
McMahan, Charles Hays.
TORRBS.
Peterson,' Bertel.
Vbra Cruz.
Parker, Herman B.
Villa Corona.
Camaghan, Edwin D.
NEW ZEALAND.
Manawatbr.
Prankland, Frederick W., Herston Farm, Foxton,
NICARAGUA;
Lbon.
Crawford, John.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SICILY — WESTERN APRICA.
SICILY.
Catania.
Scaife, Walter B., care A. W. Elford.
SOUTH AFRICA.
Capb Town,
Gilchrist, John D., Department of Agriculture.
Lounsbury, Charles P., Department of Agriculture.
Mally, Charies William, Department of Agriculture.
Pretoria.
Davy, Joseph Burtt, Department of Agriculture.
Simpson, Charles Baird, Department of Agriculture.
TURKEY.
Harput.
Norton, Thomas H., United States Consulate.
WESTERN AFRICA.
Nigeria.
McDermott, P. A., Roman Catholic Mission, Old Calabar.
(334)
DBCBA3BD ICBMBBRS.
DBCBA8BD MEMBERS.
[A list of deceased members of the Association, so far as known
at the time of publishing the volume of Proceedings of the Spring-
field meeting, May, 1896, is given in that volume. At the Buffalo
meeting the Council directed the Permanent Secretary to omit
the printing of the full list of deceased members in the annual vol-
umes and to print only the additions to the list. Since the publica-
tion of the list printed in the Washington Proceedings (Vol. 53)
notices have been received of the decease of the following members.]
Abbot. Francis Ellingwood, 43 Larch Road, Cambridge, Mass.
(50). Died October 23, 1903.
Abert, S. Thayer, Metropolitan Club, Washington, D. C. (30).
Allen, J. M., Hartford, Conn. (aa). Died December 28, 1903.
Baker, Marcus, Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. (30). Died
December la, 1903.
Boies, Henry Martin, 530 Clay Avenue, Scranton, Pa. (50).
Died December la, 1903.
BoLTON, H. Carrinoton, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. (17).
Died November 19, 1903.
Bond, Fred, Cheyenne, Wyoming. (50).
Clancy, Michael Albert, 1436 Corcoran St., Washington, D. C. (40).
Crane, Walter, Braddock. Pa. (47). Died October 18, 1902.
Cranford, J. P., Wakefield. New York, N. Y. (50). Died January
28, 1903.
Day, Fisk H., 309 Sycamore St., Lansing, Mich. (20). Died May
30. 1903-
de Peyster, Johnston Livingston, Tivoli, N. Y. (52). Died May
27, 1903.
de Schweinitz, E. A., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D. C. (36). Died .
Douglass, Andrew E., Am. Mus. Nat. History, New York, N. Y. (31) .
Engelmann, George J., 208 Beacon Street, Boston, Mass. (25).
Died November 16, 1903.
Everts, Orpheus, Cincinnati, Ohio. (51). Died June 19, 1903.
Ewell, Ervin E., Atlanta, Ga. (40). Died
Faile, Thomas H., Murray Hill Hotel, New York, N. Y. (50).
Foster, George Winslow, Bangor, Maine. (52.)
Gibbs, J. Willard, New Haven, Conn. (33). Died April 28, 1903.
Grimes, James Stanley, 1422 Wesley Ave., Evanston, 111. (17).
Died September 27, 1903.
Higgins, F. W., M. D., 20 Court Street, Cortland, N. Y. (51).
Jesup, Henry G., Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H. (36).
Kedzie, John H., 15 14 Ridge Ave., Evanston. 111. (34).
(3^5)
DECEASED MEMBERS.
Le Grand, Leroy, Graham, Texas. (50). Died ^ptember 28,
1903-
Magee, James Francis, 114 N. 17th St., Philadelphia, Pa. (51).
Marindin, Henry Louis, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington,
D. C. (40). Died March 25, 1904.
Moody, Lucius W., 39 Church St., New Haven, Conn. (43). Died
January 10, 1903.
Morison, George Shattuck, 49 Wall St., New York, N. Y. (50).
Died July i, 1903.
Murray, Robert Drake, M. D., Marine Hospital, Key West, Fla.
(50). Died November 22, 1903.
Noyes, Theodore Richards, Kenwood, N. Y. (51). Died June i,
1903-
Porteous, John, 48 St. Stephen Street, Boston, Mass. (22).
Died February — , 1903.
Rand, Theodore D., Radnor, Pa. (47). Died April 24,' 1903.
Rhoads, Edward, Haverford College, Haverford, Pa. (47). Died
July 4. 1903-
Roberts, William C, Danville, Ky. (50).
Russell, Frank, Chloride, Arizona. (45).
Russell, John Edwards, Leicester, Mass. (47). Died October 28,
1903.
ScHAPFBR, Chas., 1309 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (29).
Died November 23, 1903.
Schwalbe, Carl, 1002 South Olive Street, Los Angeles, Cal. (51).
Died June 14, 1903.
Sebert, Wm. F., 4S Strong Place, Brooklyn. N. Y. (41). Died
March 29, 1903.
Thurston, R. H., Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. (23). Died
October 25, 1903.
Van Brunt, Cornelius, 319 E. 57th St., New York, N. Y. (28).
Died October i, 1903.
Wales, Salem H., 25 East 55th Street, New York, N. Y. (36).
Died December 2, 1903.
Wells, Samuel, 45 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Mass. (24)-
Died October 3, 1903.
Wilcox, William W., 187 South Main Street, Middletown, Conn.
(50). Died November 10, 1903.
Walcott, Mrs. Henrietta L. T., Dedham, Mass. (29). Died
October — , 1903.
(326;
ADDRESS
BY
THE RETIRING PRESIDENT OF THE
ASSOCIATION.
ADDRESS
BY
IRA REMSEN,
THE RETIRING PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION,
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION AND PROGRESS,
At the weekly services of many of our churches it is cus-
tomary to begin with the reading of a verse or two from the
Scriptures for the purpose, I suppose, of putting the congre-
gations in the proper state of mind for the exercises which are
to follow. It seems to me that we may profit by this example,
and accordingly I ask your attention to Article I of the Con-
stitution of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science, which reads thus: **The objects of the Association
are, by periodical and migratory meetings, to promote inter-
course between those who are cultivating science in different
parts of America, to give stronger and more general impulse
and more systematic direction to scientific research, and to
procure for the labors of scientific men increased facilities
and a wider usefulness."
The first object mentioned, you will observe, is ** to promote
intercourse between those who are cultivating science in
different parts of America; the second **to give a stronger
and more general impulse and more systematic direction to
scientific research"; and the third **to procure for the
labors of scientific men increased facilities and a wider use-
fulness." Those who are familiar with the history of the
Association are well aware that it has served its purposes
admirably, and I am inclined to think that those who have
330 ADDRESS BY
been in the habit of attending the meetings will agree that
the object which appeals to them most strongly is the promo-
tion of intercourse between those who are ctiltivating science.
Given this intercourse and the other objects will be reached
as a necessary consequence, for the intercourse stimulates
thought, and thought leads to work, and work leads to wider
usefulness.
While in 1848, when the Association was organized and
the Constitution was adopted, there was a fair number of
good scientific investigators in this coimtry, it is certain that
in the half century that has passed since then the number of
investigators has increased very largely, and naturally the
amount of scientific work done at present is very much greater
than it was at that time. So great has been the increase in
scientific activity during recent years that we are apt to think
that by comparison scientific research is a new acquisition. In
fact there appears to be an impression abroad that in the world
at large scientific research is a relatively new thing, for which
we of this generation and our immediate predecessors are
largely responsible. Only a superficial knowledge of the
history of science is necessary, however, to show that the sci-
ences have been developed slowly, and that their beginnings
are to be looked for in the very earliest times. Everything
seems to point to the conclusion that men have always been
engaged in efforts to learn more and more in regard to the
world in which they find themselves. Sometimes they have
been guided by one motive and sometimes by another, but
the one great underlying motive has been the desire to get a
clearer and clearer understanding of the universe. But be-
sides this, there has been the desire to find means of increasing
the comfort and happiness of the human race.
A reference to the history of chemistry will serve to show
how these motives have operated side by side. One of the
first great incentives for working with chemical things was
the thought that it was possible to convert base metals like
lead and copper into the so-called noble metals, silver and gold.
Probably no idea has ever operated as strongly as this upon
the minds of men to lead them to undertake chemical experi-
IRA REMSEN. 33 I
D^ents. It held control of intellectual men for centuries and
it was not until about a hundred years ago that it lost its hold.
It is very doubtful if the purely scientific question whether one
form of matter can be transformed into another would have
had the power to control the activities of investigators for so
long a time; and it is idle to speculate upon this subject.
It should, however, be borne in mind that many of those who
were engaged in this work were actuated by a desire to put
money in their purses — a desire that is by no means to be
condemned without reserve, and I mention it not for the
purpose of condemning it, but to show that a motive that
we sometimes think of as peculiarly modem is among the
oldest known to man.
While the alchemists were at work upon their problems,
another class of chemists were engaged upon problems of an
entirely different nature. The fact that substances obtained
from various natural sources and others made in the laboratory
produce effects of various kinds when taken into the system
led to the thought that these substances might be useful in
the treatment of disease. Then, further, it was thought that
disease itself is a chemical phenomenon. These thoughts,
as is evident, furnish strong motives for the investigation of
chemical substances, and the science of chemistry owes much
to the work of those who were guided by these motives.
And so in each period as a new thought has served as the
guide we find that men have been actuated by different mo-
tives, and often one and the same worker has been under the
influence of mixed motives. Only in a few cases does it appear
that the highest motives alone operate. We must take men as
we find them, and we may be thankful that on the whole there
are so many who are impelled by one motive or another or
by a mixture of motives to take up the work of investigating
the world in which we live. Great progress is being made in
consequence and almost daily we are called upon to wonder
at some new and marvelous result of scientific investigation.
It is quite impossible to make predictions of value in regard to
what is likely to be revealed to us by continued work, but it is
safe to believe that in our efforts to discover the secrets of the
332 ADDRESS BY
universe only a beginning has been made. No matter in
what direction we may look we are aware of great unexplored
territories, and even in those regions in which the greatest
advances have been made it is evident that the knowledge
gained is almost insignificant as compared with that which
remains to be learned. But this line of thought may lead to a
condition bordering on hopelessness and despondency, and
surely we should avoid this condition for there is much greater
cause for rejoicing than for despair. Our successors will see
more and see more clearly than we do, just as we see more
and see more clearly than our predecessors. It is our duty
to keep the work going without being too anxious to weigh
the results on an absolute scale. It must be remembered that
the absolute scale is not a very sensitive instrument, and that
it requires the results of generations to affect it markedly.
On an occasion of this kind it seems fair to ask the question :
What does the world gain by scientific investigation? This
question has often been asked and often answered, but each
answer differs in some respects from the others and each may
be suggestive and worth giving. The question is a profound
one, and no answer that can be given would be satisfactory.
In general it may be said that the results of scientific in-
vestigation fall under three heads — ^the material, the intellec-
tual, and the ethical.
I. The material results are the most obvious and thev
naturally receive the most attention. The material wants of
man are the first to receive consideration. They cannot be
neglected. He must have food and clothing, the means of
combating disease, the means of transportation, the means of
producing heat, and a great variety of things that contribute
to his bodily comfort and gratify his esthetic desires. It is
not my purpose to attempt to deal with all of these and to
show how science is helping to work out the problems sug-
gested. I shall have to content myself by pointing out a few
of the more important problems the solution of which depends
upon the prosecution of scientific research.
First, the food problem. Whatever views one may hold
in regard to that which has come to be called **race suicide,"
IRA RBMSEN. 333
it is certain that the popttlation of the world is increasing
rapidly. The desirable places have been occupied. In some
parts of the earth there is such a surplus of population that
famines occur from time to time, and in other parts epidemics
and floods relieve the embarrassment. We may fairly look
forward to the time when the whole earth will be overpop-
ulated tmless the production of food becomes more scientific
than it now is. Here is the field for the work of the agricul-
tural chemist who is showing us how to increase the yield
from a given area and, in case of poor and worn-out soils, how
to preserve and increase their fertility. It appears that the
methods of cultivating the soil are still comparatively crude,
and more and more thorough investigation of the processes
involved in the growth of plants is called for. Much has been
learned since Liebig founded the science of Agricultural Chem-
istry. It was he who pointed out some of the ways by which
it is possible to increase the fertility of a soil. Since the re-
sults of his investigations were given to the world the use of
artificial fertilizers has become more and more general.
But it is one thing to know that artificial fertilizers are use-
ful and it is quite another thing to get them. At first bone
dust and guano were chiefly used. Then as these became
dearer, phosphates and potassium salts from the mineral
kingdom came into use.
At the Fifth International Congress for Applied Chemistry,
held at Berlin, Germany, last June, Dr. Adolph Frank of
Charlottenburg, gave an extremely interesting address on the
subject of the use of the nitrogen of the atmosphere for agri-
culture and the industries, which bears upon the problem that
we are dealing with. Plants must have nitrogen. At present
this is obtained from the great beds of saltpetre found on the
west coast of South America — ^the so-called Chili saltpetre —
and also from the ammonia obtained as a by-product in the
distillation of coal, especially in the manufacture of coke.
The use of Chili saltpetre for agricultural purposes began
about i860. In 1900 the quantity exported was 1,453,000
tons, and its value was about $60,000,000. In the same year
the world's production of ammonium sulphate was about
334 ADDRESS BY
500,000 tons, of a value of somewhat more than $20,000,000.
Of these enormous quantities about three-quarters finds ap-
plication in agriculture. The use of these substances, es-
pecially of saltpetre, is increasing rapidly. At present it seems
that the successful cultivation of the soil is dependent upon
the use of nitrates, and the supply of nitrates is limited.
Unless something is done we may look forward to the time
when the earth, for lack of proper fertilizers, will not be able
to produce as much as it now does, and meanwhile the demand
for food is increasing. According to the most reliable esti-
mations indeed the saltpetre beds will be exhausted in thirty
or forty years. Is there a way out? Dr. Frank shows that
there is. In the air there is nitrogen enough for all. The
plants can make only a limited use of this directly. For the
most part it must be in some form of chemical combination as,
for example, a nitrate or ammonia. The conversion of at-
mospheric nitrogen into nitric acid would solve the problem,
and this is now carried out. But Dr. Frank shows that there
is another, perhaps more economical, way of getting the nitro-
gen into a form suitable for plant food. Calcium carbide can
now be made without difficulty and is made in enormous
quantities by the action of a powerful electric current upon a
mixture of coal and lime. This substance has the power of
absorbing nitrogen from the air, and the product thus formed
appears to be capable of giving up its nitrogen to plants, or.
in other words, to be a good fertilizer. It is true that this
subject requires further investigation, but the restdts thus far
obtained are full of promise. If the outcome should be what
we have reason to hope, we may regard the approaching
exhaustion of the saltpetre beds with equanimity. But, even
without this to pin our faith to, we have the preparation of
nitric acid from the nitrogen and oxygen of the air to fall
back upon.
While speaking of the food problem, a few words in regard
to the artificial preparation of foodstuffs. I am sorry to say
that there is not much of promise to report upon in this con-
nection. In spite of the brilliant achievements of chemists
in the field of synthesis, it remains true that thus far they
IRA RBMSBN. 335
have not been able to make, except in very small quantities,
substances that are useful as foods, and there is absolutely
no prospect of this result being reached within a reasonable
time. A few years ago Bert helot told us of a dream he had
had. This has to do with the results that, according to
Berthelot, are to be brought about by the advance of chemis-
tr>\ The results of investigations already accomplished indi-
cate that, in the future, methods will perhaps be devised for
the artificial preparation of food from the water and car-
bonic acid so abundantly supplied by nature. Agriculture
will then become unnecessary, and the landscape will not be
disfigured by crops growing in geometrical figures. Water
will be obtained from holes three or four miles deep in the
earth, and this water will be above the boiling temperature,
so that it can be used as a source of energy. It will be obtained
in liquid form after it has undergone a process of natural
distillation, which will free it from all impurities, including,
of course, disease germs. The foods prepared by artificial
methods will also be free from microbes, and there will con-
sequently be less disease than at present. Further, the
necessity of killing animals for food will no longer exist, and
mankind will become gentler and more amenable to higher
influences. There is, no doubt, much that is fascinating in this
line of thought, but whether it is worth following, depends
upon the fundamental assumption. Is it at all probable that
chemists will ever be able to devise methods for the artificial
preparation of foodstuffs? I can only say that to me it does
not appear probable in the light of the results thus far ob-
tained. I do not mean to question the probability of the
ultimate synthesis of some of those substances that are of
value as foods. This has already been accomplished on the
small scale, but for the most part the synthetical processes
employed have involved the use of substances which them-
selves are the products of natural processes. Thus, the fats
can'be made, but the substances from which they are made
are generally obtained from nature and are not themselves
synthetical products. Emil Fischer has. to be sure, made veW
small quantities of sugars of different kinds, but the task o?
33^ ADDRESS BY
building up a sugar from the raw material furnished by na-
ture— ^that is to say, from carbonic acid and water — presents
such difficulties that it may be said to be practically impos-
sible.
When it comes to starch, and the proteids which are
the other chief constituents of foodstuffs, the difficulties are
still greater. There is not a suggestion of the possibility of
making starch artificially, and the same is true of the proteids.
In this connection it is, however, interesting to note that Emil
Fischer, after his remarkable successes in the sugar group and
the uric acid group, is now advancing upon the proteids. I
have heard it said that at the beginning of his career he made
out a programme for his life work. This included the solu-
tion of three great problems — the determination of the con-
stitution of uric acid, of the sugars, and of the proteids.
Two of these problems have been solved. May he be equally
successful with the third! Even if he should be able to make
a proteid, and show what it is, the problem of the artificial
preparation of foodstuffs will not be solved. Indeed, it will
hardly be affected.
Although science is not likely, within periods that we may
venture to think of, to do away with the necessity of cultiva-
ting the soil, it is likely to teach us how to get more out of the
soil than we now do, and thus put us in a position to provide
for the generations that are to follow us. And this carries
with it the thought that, unless scientific investigation is kept
up, these coming generations will be unprovided for.
Another way by which the food supply of the world can
be increased, is by relieving tracts of land that are now used
for other purposes than the cultivation of foodstuffs. The
most interesting example of this kind, is that presented by
the cultivation of indigo. There is a large demand for this
substance, which is plainly founded upon esthetic desires of a
somewhat rudimentary kind. Whatever the cause may be.
the demand exists, and immense tracts of land have been, and
are still, devoted to the cultivation of the indigo plant.
Within the past few years scientific investigation has shown
that indigo can be made in the factory from substances, the
IRA RBMSEN. 337
production of which does not for the most part involve the
cultivation of the soil. In 1900, according to the report of
Dr. Bninck, Managing Director of the Badische Anilin- and
Soda-Fabrik, the quantity of indigo produced annually in
the factory "would require the cultivation of an area of more
than a quarter of a million acres of land (390 square miles) in
the home of the Indigo plant.'* Dr. Brunck adds: "The
first impression which this fact may be likely to produce,
is that the manufacture of indigo will cause a terrible calamity
to arise in that country; but, perhaps not. If one recalls to
mind that India is periodically afflicted with famine, one ought
not, without further consideration, to cast aside the hope that
it might be good fortune for that country if the immense
areas now devoted to a crop which is subject to many vicis-
situdes and to violent market changes were at last to be
given over to the raising of breadstuff s and other food jf)rod-
ucts. "For myself," says Dr. Brunck, "I do not assume to
be an impartial adviser in this matter, but, nevertheless, I
venture to express my conviction that the government of
India will be rendering a very great service if it should sup-
port and aid the progress, which will in any case be irresis-
tible, of this impending change in the cultivation of that
country, and would support and direct its methodical and
rational execution."
The connection between scientific investigation and health
is so frequently the subject of discussion that I need not dwell
upon it here. The discovery that many diseases are due
primarily to the action of microscopic organisms that find
their way into the body and produce the changes that reveal
themselves in definite symptoms is a direct consequence of the
study of the phenomenon of alcoholic fermentation by Pasteur.
Everything that throws light upon the nature of the action
of these microscopic organisms is of value in dealing with
the great problem of combating disease. It has been estab-
lished in a number of cases that they cause the formation
of products that act as poisons and that the diseases are
due to the action of these poisons. So also, as is well known,
investigation has shown that antidotes to some of these
33^ ADDRESS BY
poisons can be produced, and that by means of these antidotes
the diseases can be controlled. But more important than
this is the discovery of the way in which diseases are trans-
mitted. With this knowledge it is possible to prevent the
diseases. The great fact that the death rate is decreasing
stands out prominently and proclaims to humanity the im-
portance of scientific investigation. It is, however, to be
noted in this connection that the decrease in the death rate
compensates to some extent for the decrease in the birth
rate, and that, if an increase in population is a thing to be
desired, the investigations in the field of sanitary science are
contributing to this result.
The development of the human race is dependent not alone
upon a supply of food but upon a supply of energy in available
forms. Heat and mechanical energy are absolutely essential
to man. The chief source of the energy that comes into play is
fuel. We are primarily dependent upon the coal supply for the
continuation of the activities of man. Without this, unless
something is to take its place, man is doomed. Statistics in
regard to the coal supply and the rate at which it is being used
up have so frequently been presented by those who have
special knowledge of this subject that I need not trouble you
with them now. The only object in referring to it is to show
that, unless by means of scientific investigation man is taught
new methods of rendering the world's store of energy avail-
able for the production of heat and of motion, the age of the
human race is measured by the extent of the supply of coal and
other forms of fuel. By other forms of fuel I mean, of course,
wood and oil. Plainly, as the demand for land for the produc-
tion of foodstuffs increases, the amount available for the pro-
duction of wood must decrease, so that wood need not be taken
into account for the future. In regard to oil, our knowledge
is not sufficient to enable us to make predictions of any value.
If one of the theories now held in regard to the source of
petroleum should prove to be correct, the world would find
much consolation in it. According to this theory petroleum
is not likely to be exhausted, for it is constantly being formed
by the action of water upon carbides that in all probability
IRA RBMSBN. 339
exist in practically unlimited quantity in the interior of the
earth. If this be true, then the problem of supplying energy
may be reduced to one of transportation of oil. But given a
supply of oil and, of course, the problem of transporta-
tion is solved.
What are the other practical sources of energy ? The most
important is the fall of water. This is being utilized more
and more year by year since the methods of producing elec-
tric currents by means of the dynamo have been worked out.
There is plainly much to be learned before the energy made
available in the immediate neighborhood of the waterfall
can be transported long distances economically, but ad-
vances are being made in this line, and already factories
that have hitherto been dependent upon coal are making
use of the energy derived from waterfalls. The more rapidly
these advances take place the less will be the demand for coal,
and if there were only enough waterfalls conveniently sit-
uated, there would be no difficulty in furnishing all the energy
needed by man for heat or for motion.
It is a fortunate thing that, as the population of the earth
increases, man's tastes become more complex. If only the
simplest tastes prevailed, only the simplest occupations would
be called for. But let us not lose time in idle speculations
as to the way this primitive condition of things would affect
man's progress. As a matter of fact his tastes are becoming
more complex. Things that are not dreamed of in one gen-
eration become the necessities of the next generation.
Many of these things are the direct results of scientific inves-
tigation. No end of examples will suggest themselves.
Let me content myself by reference to one that has of late
been the subject of much discussion. The development of the
artificial dye-stuff industries is extremely instructive in many
ways. The development has been the direct result of the
scientific investigation of things that seemed to have little,
if anything, to do with this world. Many thousands of work-
men are now employed, and many millions of dollars are
invested, in the manufacture of dye-stuffs that were unknown
a few years ago. Here plainly the fundamental fact is the
340 ADDRESS BY
esthetic desire of man for colors. A colorless world would
be unbearable to him. Nature accustoms him to color in a
great variety of combinations, and it becomes a necessity
to him. And his desires increase as they are gratified.
There seems to be no end to development m this line. At all
events, the data at our disposal justify the conclusion that
there will be a demand for every dye that combines the
qualities of beauty and durability. Thousands of scien-
tifically trained men are engaged in work in the effort to
discover new dyes to meet the increasing demands. New
industries are springing up and many find employment in
them. As a rule the increased demand for labor caused bv
the establishment of these industries is not offset by the
closing up of other industries. Certainly it is true that scien-
tific investigation has created large demands for labor that
could hardly find employment without these demands. •
The welfare of a nation depends to a large extent upon
the success of its industries. In his address as president of
the British Association for the Advancement of Science given
last summer Sir Norman Lockyer quotes Mr. Chamberlain
thus: *'I do not think it is necessary for me to say anything
as to the urgency and necessity of scientific training. . . .
It is not too much to say that the existence of this country,
as the great commercial nation, depends upon it.
It depends very much upon what we are doing now, at the
beginning of the twentieth century, whether at its end we
shall continue to maintain our supremacy or even equality
with our great commercial and manufacturing rivals."
In another part of his address Sir Norman Lockyer says:
'* Further, I am told that the sum of ;£24,ooo,ooo is less than
half the amoimt by which Germany is yearly enriched by
having improved upon our chemical industries, owing to our
lack of scientific training. Many other industries have been
attacked in the same way since, but taking this one instance
alone, if we had spent this money fifty years ago, when the
Prince Consort first called attention to our backwardness,
the nation would now be much richer than it is, and would
have much less to fear from competition. "
IRA RBMSBN. 341
But enough on the purely material side. Let us turn to the
intellectual results of scientific investigation. This part of
our subject might be summed up in a few words. It is so
obvious that the intellectual condition of mankind is a direct
result of scientific investigation that one hesitates to make the
statement. The mind of man cannot carry him much in
advance of his knowledge of the facts. Intellectual gains
can be made only by discoveries, and discoveries can be made
only by investigation. . One generation differs from another
in the way it looks at the world. A generation that thinks
the earth is the center of the universe differs intellectually
from one that has learned the true position of the earth in
the solar system, and the general relations of the solar system
to other similar systems that make up the universe. A
generation that sees in every species of animal and plant evi-
dence of a special creative act differs from one that has recog-
nized the general truth of the conception of evolution. And
so in every department of knowledge the great generalizations
that have been reached through the persistent efforts of
scientific investigators are the intellectual gains that have re-
stilted. These great generalizations measure the intellectual
wealth of mankind. They are the foundations of all profitable
thought. While the generalizations of science belong to the
world, not all the world takes advantage of its opportimities.
Nation differs from nation intellectually as individual differs
from individual. It is not, however, the possession of know-
ledge that makes the efficient individual and the efficient na-
tion. It is well known that an individual may be very
learned and at the same time very inefficient. The question
is, what use does he make of his knowledge? When we speak
of intellectual results of scientific investigation, we mean not
only accumulated knowledge, but the way in which this know-
ledge is invested. A man who simply accumtilates money
and does not see to it that this money is carefully invested, is a
miser, and no large results can come from his efforts. While,
then, the intellectual state of a nation is measured partly
by the extent to which it has taken possession of the general-
izations that belong to the world, it is also measured by the
342 ADDRESS BY
extent to which the methods by which knowledge is accumu-
lated have been brought into requisition and have become
a part of the equipment of the people of that nation. The
intellectual progress of a nation depends upon the adoption of
scientific methods in dealing with intellectual problems.
The scientific method is applicable to all kinds of intellectual
problems. We need it in every department of activity. I
have sometimes wondered what the result would be if the
scientific method could be employed in all the manifold
problems connected with the management of a government.
Questions of tariff, of finance, of international relations would
be dealt with much more satisfactorily than at present if the
spirit of the scientific method were breathed into those who
are called upon to deal with these questions. It is plain, I
think, that the higher the intellectual state of a nation the
better will it deal with all the problems that present them-
selves. As the intellectual state is a direct result of scientific
investigation, it is clear that the nation that adopts the scien-
tific method, will in the end outrank both intellectually and
industrially the nation that does not.
What are the ethical results of scientific investigation.^
No one can tell. There is one thought that in this connection
I should like to impress upon you. The ftmdamental char-
acteristic of the scientific method is honesty. In dealing
with any question science asks no favors. The sole object
is to learn the truth, and to be guided by the truth. Ab-
solute accuracy, absolute fidelity, absolute honesty are the
prime conditions of scientific progress. I believe that the
constant use of the scientific method, must in the end leave
its impress upon him who uses it. The results will not be
satisfactory in all cases, but the tendency will be in the right
direction. A life spent in accordance with scientific teachings
would be of a high order. It would practically conform to the
teachings of the highest types of religion. The motives
would be different, but so far as conduct is concerned the re-
sults would be practically identical. I need not enlarge upon
this subject. Unfortunately, abstract truth and knowledge of
facts and of the conclusions to be drawn from them do not
IRA REMSEN. 343
at present furnish a sufficient basis for right living in the case
of the great majority of mankind, and science cannot now, and
I do not believe it ever can, take the place of religion in some
form. When the feeling that the two are antagonistic wears
away, as it is wearing away, it will no doubt be seen that one
supplements the other, in so far as they have to do with the
conduct of man.
What are we doing in this country to encourage scientific
investigation.? Not until about a quarter of a century ago
can it be said that it met with any encouragement. Since
then there has been a great change. Up to that time re-
search was sporadic. Soon after it became almost epidemic.
The direct cause of the change was the establishing of
courses in our universities for the training of investigators
somewhat upon the lines followed in the German universities.
In these courses the carrying out of an investigation plays
an important part. This is, in fact, the culmination of the
course. At first there were not many following these courses,
but it was not long before there was a demand for the prod-
ucts. Those who could present evidence that they had
followed such courses were generally given the preference.
This was especially true in the case of appointments in the
colleges, some colleges even going so far as to decline to appoint
any one who had not taken the degree of Doctor of Philosophy,
which is the badge of the course that involves investigation. As
the demand for those who had received this training increased ,
the number of those seeking it increased at least in the same
proportion. New universities were established and old ones
caught the spirit of the new movement until from one end
of the country to the other centres of scientific activity are
now found, and the amount of research work that is done
is enormous compared with what was done twenty-five or
thirty years ago. Many of those who get a taste of the work of
investigation become fascinated by it and are anxious to devote
their lives to it. At present, with the facilities for such
work available, it seems probable that most of those who
have a strong desire and the necessary industry and ability
to follow it find their opportunity somewhere. There is little
344 ADDRESS BY
danger of our losing a genius or even one with fair talent.
The world is on the lookout for them. The demand for
those who can do good research work is greater than the
supply. To be sure the rewards are not as a rule as great as
those that are likely to be won by the ablest members of
some other professions and occupations, and as long as this
condition of affairs continues to exist there will not be as many
men of the highest intellectual order engaged in this work
as we should like to see. On the other hand, when we con-
sider the great progress that has been made during the last
twenty-five years or so, we have every reason to take a cheer-
ful view of the future. If as much progress should be made
in the next quarter century, we shall, to say the least, be
able to compete with the foremost nations of the world in
scientific investigation. In my opinion this progress is
largely dependent upon the development of our universities-
Without the opportunities for training in the methods of
scientific investigation there will be but few investigators.
It is necessary to have a large number in order that the prin-
ciple of selection may operate. In this line of work as in
others, **many are called, but fev/ are chosen. "
Another fact that is working advantageously to increase
the amount of scientific research done in this country is the
support given by the Government in its different scientific
bureaus. The Geological Survey, the Department of Agri-
culture, the Coast and Geodetic Survey, the National Bureau
of Standards, and other departments are carrying on a large
amount of excellent scientific work, and thus helping most
efficiently to spread the scientific spirit throughout the land.
Finally, two exceedingly interesting experiments in the
way of encouraging scientific investigation are now attract-
ing the attention of the world. I mean, of course, the Car-
negie Institution, with its endowment of $10,000,000, and the
Rockefeller Institute, devoted to investigations in the field
of medicine, which will no doubt be adequately endowed.
It is too early to express an opinioa^in regard to the influence
of these great foundations upon the progress of scientific in-
vestigation. As both will make possible the carrying out of
IRA RBMSBN. 345
many investigations that wotdd otherwise probably not be
carried out, the chances of achieving valuable results will be
increased. The danger is that those who are responsible for
the management of the funds will be disappointed that the re-
sults are not at once of a striking character, and that they will
be tempted to change the method of applying the money be-
fore those who are using it have had a fair chance. But we
who are on the outside know little of the plans of those who
are inside. All signs indicate that they are making an earnest
effort to solve an exceedingly difficult problem, and all who
have the opportunity should do everjrthing in their power
to aid them.
In the changes which have been brought about in the con-
dition of science in this country since 1848, it is safe to say
that this Association has either directly or indirectly played
a leading part. It is certain that for the labors of scientific
men increased facilities and a wider usefulness have been
procured.
SECTION A.
Mathematics and Astronomy.
OFFICERS OF SECTION A.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section.
Otto H. Tittmann, Washington, D. C.
Secretary.
L. G. Weld, Iowa City, Iowa.
Member of Council.
Ormond Stonb.
Sectional Committee.
G. B. Halstbd, Vice-President, 1903; C. S. Howe, Secretary,
1903; O.. H. Tittmann, Vice-President, 1904; L. G. Weld,
Secretary, 1904.
WoosTER W. Beman, I year; John A. Brashear, 2 years;
J. R. Eastman, 3 years; Ormond Stone, 4 years;
Edwin B. Frost, 5 years.
Member of General Committee.
Philip Fox.
Press Secretary.
L. G. Weld.
ADDRESS
BY
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED,
VICE-PRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN OP SECTION A FOR I903.
THE MESSAGE OF NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY.
I. MATHEMATICS AND ITS HISTORY.
The great Sylvester once told me that he and Kronecker,
in attempting a definition of mathematics, got so far as to
agree that it is poetry.
But the history of this poesy is itself poetry, and the crea-
tion of non-Euclidean geometry gives new vantage-ground
from which to illuminate the whole subject, from before the
time when Homer describes Proteus as finger-fitting-by-fives,
or counting, his seals, past the epoch when Lagrange, con-
fronted with the guillotine and asked how he can make him-
self useful in the new world, answers simply, "I will teach
arithmetic.*'
Who has not wished to be a magician like the mighty
Merlin, or Dr. Dee, who wrote a preface for the first English
translation of Euclid, made by Henricus Billingsley, after-
ward, Aladdin-like, Sir Henry Billingsley, Lord Mayor of
London?
Was not Harriot, whose devices in Algebra our school-boys
now use, one of the three paid magi of the Earl of Nor-
thumberland ? Do not our every-day numerals stand for Brah-
min and Mohammedan, coming first into Europe from the
land of the sacred Ganges, around by the way of the Pyramids
and the Moorish Alhambra?
350 SECTION A.
The appearance of courses on the history of mathematics
in all our foremost imiversities is a fortunate and promising
sign of the times. I had the honor of being the first to give
such a course in America, at Princeton, in 1881.
2. GEOMETRY AND ITS FOUNDERS.
But something especially fascinating, pure, divine, seems to
pertain to Geometry.
When asked how God occupies himself, Plato answered,
"He geometrizes continually."
It is a difficult, though highly interesting, tmdertaking to
investigate the vestiges of primitive geometry. Geometric
figures and designs appear in connection with the primitive
arts: for example, the making of pottery. Arts long precede
anything properly to be called science. The first creations
by mankind are instnunents for life, though it is surprising
how immediately decoration appears; witness the sketches
from life of mammoth and mastodon and horses by prehistoric
man. But. in a sense, even the practical arts must be pre-
ceded by theoretical creative acts of the human mind. Man
is from the first a creative thinker. Perhaps even some of
our present theoretical presentation of the universe is due to
creative mental acts of our pre-human ancestors. For ex-
ample, that we inevitably view the world as consisting of dis-
tinct individuals, separate, distinct things, is a pre-human
contribution to our working theory and representation of the
universe. It is conscious science, as a potential presentation
and explanation of everything, which comes so late.
Rude instruments were made for astronomy.
The creative imagination which put the bears and bulls and
crabs and lions and scorpions into the random-lying stars
made figures which occur in the Book of Job, more ancient
than Genesis itself.
The daring astrologer, whose predictions foretold eclipses,
saw no reason why his constructions should not equally fit
human life. He chose to create a causal relation between
the geometric configurations of the planets and the destinies
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 351
m
of individuals. This was the way of science, where thought
precedes and helps to make fact. No description or observa-
tion is possible without a precedent theory, which stays and
sticks until some mind creates another to fight it, and perhaps
to overshadow it.
That legend of the origin of geometry which attributes it
to the necessity of refixing land-boimdaries in Egypt, where
all were annually obliterated by the Nile overflow, is a too-
ingenious hypothesis, made temporarily to serve for history.
Some practical devices for measurement arose in Egypt,
where periodic fertility fostered a consecutive occupancy,
whose records, according to Flinders Petrie, we have for more
than nine thousand years.
But in the Papyrus of the Rhind, measurements of volume
come before those for surface.
Geometry as a self-conscious science waits for Thales and
Pythagoras.
We find in Herodotus that Thales predicted an eclipse
memorable as happening during a battle between the Lydians
and Medes. The date was given by Baily as B. C. 6io.
So we know about when Geometry, we may say when
science, began; for though primarily geometer, Thales taught
the sphericity of the earth, was acquainted with the attracting
power of magnetism, and noticed the excitation of electricity
in amber by friction.
A greater than he, Pythagoras, was bom B. C. 590 at Samos,
traveled also into Egypt and the East, penetrating even into
India. Returning in the time of the last Tarquin, and finding
Samos under the dominion of the tyrant Poly crates, he went
as a voluntary exile to Italy, settled at Croton (as Ovid men-
tions), and there created and taught new and sublimer
hypotheses for our universe. The most diversely demon-
strated and frequently applied theorem of geometry bears
his name. The first solution of a problem in that most subtle
and final of ways, by proving it impossible, is due to him;
his solution of the problem to find a common submultipje of
the hypothenuse and side of an isosceles right triangle,- an
achievement whereby he created incommensurability.
352 SECTION A.
It is noteworthy that this making of incommensurables is
confused by even the mo^t respectable of the historians of
mathematics with the creation of irrational numbers. But
in the antique world there were no such numbers as the square
root of two or the square root of three. Such numbers cannot
be discovered, and it was centuries before they were created.
The Greeks had only rational numbers.
3. EUCLID.
Under the Horseshoe Falls at Niagara press on beyond the
guide ; risk life for the magnificent sensation of a waterspout,
a cloud burst, an avalanche, a tumbling cathedral of water-
blocks! It must end in an instant, this extravagant down-
pour of whole wealths of water. Then out; and look away
down the glorious canyon, and read in that graven histon'
how this momentary riotous chaos has been just so, precisely
the same, for centuries, for ages, for thousands of years.
In the History of Science a like antithesis of sensations is
given by Euclid's geometry.
In the flood of new discovery and rich advance recorded
in books whose mere names would fill volumes, we ask our-
selves how any one thing can be permanent? Yet, looking
back, we see this Euclid not only cutting his resistless way
through the rock of the two thousand years that make the
history of the intellectuail world, but, what is still more
astounding, we find that the profoundest advance of the last
two centuries has only served to emphasize the consciousness
of Euclid's perfection.
Says Lyman Abbott, if you want an infallible book go not
to the Bible but to Euclid.
In **The Wonderful Century," Alfred Russel Wallace says,
speaking of all time before the seventeenth century: **Then
going backward, we can find nothing of the first rank except
Euclid's wonderful system of geometry, perhaps the most
remarkable product of the earliest civilizations."
Says Professor Alfred Baker, of the University of Toronto:
** Of the perfection of Euclid (B. C. 290) as a scientific treatise,
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 353
of the marvel that such a work could have been produced
two thousand years ago, I shall not here delay to speak. I
content myself with making the claim that, as a historical
study, Euclid is, perhaps, the most valuable of those that
are taken up in our educational institutions."
At its very birth this typical product of the Greek genius
assumed sway over the pure sciences. In its first efflorescence,
through the splendid days of Theon and Hypatia, fanatics
could not murder it as they did Hypatia, nor later could that
dismal flood, the dark ages, drown it. Like the phoenix of
its native Egypt it rises anew with the new birth of culture.
An Anglo-Saxon, Adelhard of Bath, finds it clothed in Arabic
vestments in the Moorish land of the Alhambra.
In 1 120, Adelhard, disguised as a Mohammedan student,
went to Cordova, obtained a Moorish copy of Euclid's Ele-
tnents, and made a translation from the Arabic into Latin.
The first translation into English (1570) was made by
"Henricus Billingsley," afterward Sir Henry Billingsley,
Lord Mayor of London, 1591. And up to this very year,
throughout the vast system of examinations carried on by
the British government, by Oxford, and by Cambridge, to be
accepted, no proof of a theorem in geometry should infringe
Euclid's sequence of propositions. For two millenniums his
axioms remained undoubted.
4. THE NEW IDEA.
The break from Euclid's charmed circle came not at any
of the traditional centers of the world's thought, but on the
circumference of civilization, at Maros-V^sdrhely and Temes-
vdr, and again at Kazan on the Volga, center of the old
Tatar kingdom; and it came as the creation of a wilful, wild
Magyar boy of 21, and an insubordinate yoimg Russian, who,
a poor widow's son from Nijni-Novgorod, enters as a charity-
student the new university of Kazan.
The new idea is to deny one of Euclid's axioms and to
replace it by its contradictory. There results, instead of
chaos, a beautiful, a perfect, a marvellous new geometry.
354 SECTION A.
5. HOW THE NEW DIFFERS FROM THE OLD.
Euclid had based his geometry on certain axioms or postu-
lates which had in all lands and languages been systematically
used in treatises on geometry, so that there was in all the
world but one geometry. The most celebrated of these axioms
was the so-called parallel-postulate, which, in a form due to
Ludlam, is simply this: '*Two straight lines which cut one
another cannot both be parallel to the same straight line."
Now this same Magyar, John Bolyai, and this Russian.
Lobachevski, made a geometry based not on this axiom or
postulate, but on its direct contradiction. Wonderful to say,
this new geometry, founded on the flat contradiction of what
had been forever accepted as axiomatic, turned out to be
perfectly logical, true, self-consistent, and of marvellous
beauty. In it many of the good old theorems of Euclid and
our own college days are superseded in a surprising way.
Through any point outside any given straight line can be
drawn an infinity of straight lines in the same plane with the
given line, but which nowhere would meet it, however far
both were produced.
6. A CLUSTER OF PARADOXES.
In Euclid, Book I, Proposition 32, is that the sum of the
angles in every rectilineal triangle is just exactly two right
angles. In this new or non-Euclidean geometry, on the con-
trary, the sum of the angles in every rectilineal triangle is
less than two right angles.
In the Euclidean geometry parallels neifer approach. In
this non-Euclidean geometry parallels continually approach.
In the Euclidean geometry all points eqtiidistant from a
straight line are on a straight line. In this non-Euclidean
geometry all points equidistant from a straight line are on a
curve called the equidistantial.
In the Euclidean geometry the limit approached by a
circumference as the radius increases is a straight line. In
the non-Euclidean geometry this is a curve called the oricycle..
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 355
Thus the method of Kempe's book **How to draw a straight
line/' would here draw not a straight line, but a curve.
In the Euclidean geometry, if three angles of a quadrilateral
are right, then the fourth is rights and we have a rectangle.
In this non-Euclidean geometry, if three angles of a quadri-
lateral are right, then the fourth is acute, and we never can
have any rectangle.
In the Euclidean geometry two perpendiculars to a line
remain equidistant. In this non-Euclidean geometry two
perpendiculars to a line spread away front each other as they
go out ; their points two inches from the line are farther apart
than their points one inch from the line.
In the Euclidean geometry every three points are either on
a straight line or a circle. In this non-Euclidean geometry
there are triplets of points which are neither costraight nor
<:oncyclic. Thus three points each one inch above a straight
line are neither on a straight line nor a circle.
7. MISTAKE OF THE INEXPERT.
These seeming paradoxes could be multiplied indefinitely,
and they form striking examples of this new geometry. They
seem so bizarre, that the first impression produced on the
inexpert is that the traditional geometry could easily be
proved, as against this rival, by careful experiments. Into
this error have fallen Professors Andrew W. Phillips and
Irving Fisher, of Yale University. In their Elements of
Geometry, 1898, page 23, they say: ** Lobachevski proved
that we can never get rid of the parallel axiom without assum-
ing the space in which we live to be very different from what
we know it to be through experience. Lobachevski tried to
imagine a different sort of universe in which the parallel
axiom would not be true. This imaginary kind of space is
called non-Euclidean space, whereas the space in which we
really live is called Euclidean, because Euclid (about 300
B. C.) first wrote a systematic geometry of our space."
Now, strangely enough, no one, not even the Yale Pro-
fessors, can ever prove this naive assertion. If any one of
35^ SECTION A.
the possible geometries of uniform space could ever be proved
to be the system actual in our external physical world, it
certainly could not be Euclid's.
Experience can never give, for instance, such absolutely
exact metric results as precisely, perfectly two right angles
for the angle sum of a triangle. As Dr. E. W. Hobson says:
**It is a very significant fact that the operation of counting,,
in connection with which numbers, integral and fractional,
have their origin, is the one and only absolutely exact opera-
tion of a mathematical character which we are able to xinder-
take upon the objects which we perceive. On the other hand,,
all operations of the nature of measurement which we can
perform in connection with the objects of perception contain
an essential element of inexactness. The theory of exact
measurement in the domain of the ideal objects of abstract
geometry is not immediately derivable from intuition."
8. THE ARTIFICIALLY CREATED COMPONENT IN SCIENCE.
In connecting a geometry with experience there is involved
a process which we find in the theoretical handling of any
empirical data, and which, therefore, shotdd be familiarly
intelligible to any scientist.
The results of any observations are always valid only within
definite limits of exactitude and under particular conditions.
When we set up the axioms, we put in place of these results
statements of absolute precision and generality. In this
idealization of the empirical data our addition is at first only
restricted in its arbitrariness in so much as it must seem to
approximate, .must apparently fit, the supposed facts of ex-
perience, and, on the other hand, must introduce no logical
contradiction. Thus our actual space to-day may very well
be the space of Lobachevski or Bolyai.
If anjrthing could be proved or disproved about the nature
of space or geometry by experiments, by laboratory methods,
then our space could be proved to be the space of Bolyai by
inexact measurements, the only kind which will ever be at
our disposal. In this way it might be known to be non-
Euclidean. It never can be known to be Euclidean.
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 357
9. DARWINISM: AND GEOMETRY.
The doctrine of evolution as commonly expounded postu-
lates a world independent of man, and teaches the production
of man from lower forms of life by wholly natural and uncon-
-scious causes. In this statement of the world of evolution
there is need of some rudimentary approximative practical
■geometry.
The mighty examiner is death. The puppy, though bom
blind, must still be able to superimpose his mouth upon the
source of his nourishment. The little chick must be able,
responding to the stimulus of a small bright object, to bring
his beak into contact with the object so as to grasp and then
swallow it. The springing goat that too greatly misjudges
an abyss does not survive and thus is not the fittest.
So, too, with man. We are taught that his ideas must in
some way and to some degree of approximation correspond
to this independent world, or death passes upon him an ad-
verse judgment.
But it is of the very essence of the doctrine of evolution that
man's knowledge of this independent world, having come by
gradual betterment, trial, experiment, adaptation, and
through imperfect instruments, for example the eye, cannot
be metrically exact.
If two natural hard objects, susceptible of high polish, be
ground together, their surfaces in contact may be so smoothed
as to fit closely together and slide one on the other without
separating. If now a third surface be ground alternately
against each of these two smooth surfaces until it accurately
fits both, then we say that each of the three surfaces is approxi-
mately plane. If one such plane surface cut through another,
we say the common boimdary or line where they cross is
approximately a straight line. If three approximately plane
surfaces on objects cut through a fourth, in general they make
a figure we may call an approximate triangle. Such triangles
vary greatly in shape. But no matter what the shape, if
we cut of{ the six ends of any two such and place them side
by side on a plane with their vertices at the same point, the
35^ SECTION A.
six are found, with a high degree of approximation, just to
fill up the plane about the point. Thus the six angles of any
two approximate triangles are found to be together approxi-
mately four right angles.
Now does the exactness of this approximation depend only
on the straightness of the sides of the original two triangles,
or also upon the size of these triangles?
If we know with absolute certitude, as the Yale professors
imagine, that the size of the triangles has nothing to do with
it, then we know something that we have no right to know.
according to the doctrine of evolution; something impossible
for us ever to have learned evolutionally.
10. THE NEW EPOCH.
Yet before the epoch-making ideas of Lobachevski and John
Bolyai every one made this mistake, everyone supposed we
were perfectly sure that the angle-sum of an actual approxi-
mate triangle approached two right angles with an exactness
dependent only on the straightness of the sides, and not at
all on the size of the triangle.
II. THE SLIPS OP PHILOSOPHY.
The Scotch philosophy accounted for this absolute metri-
cally exact knowledge by teaching that there are in the
human mind certain synthetic theorems, called intuitions,,
supematurally inserted there. Dr. McCosh elaborated this
doctrine in a big book entitled *'The Intuitions of the Mind
Inductively Investigated." One of these supernatural intui-
tions was Euclid's parallel-postulate! Voila!
*'Yet," to quote a sentence from Wenley's criticism in
** Science," of McCosh's disciple Ormond, ** we may well doubt
whether a thinker, standing with one foot firmly planted on
the Rock of Ages and the other pointing heavenward, has
struck the attitude most conducive to progress."
Kant, supposing that we knew Euclid's geometry and
Aristotle's logic to be true absolutely and necessarily, ac-
counted for the paradox by teaching that this seemingly
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 359
universal synthetic knowledge was in reality particular, being
part of the apparatus of the human mind itself.
But now the very foundations are cut away from under the
Kantian system of philosophy by this new geometry which
is in simple and perfect harmony with experience, with experi-
ment, with the properties of the solid bodies and the motions
about us. Thus this new geometry has given explanation of
what in the old geometry was accepted without explanation.
12. WHAT GEOMETRY IS.
At last we really know what geometry is. Geometry is
the science created to give understanding and mastery of
the external relations of things; to make easy the explana-
tion and description of such relations and the transmission of
this mastery. Geometry is the most perfect of the sciences.
It precedes experiment and is safe above all experimentation.
The pure idea of a plane is something we have made, and
by aid of which we see surfaces as perfectly plane, over-riding
imperfections and variations, which themselves we can see
only by help of our self -created precedent idea. Just so the
straight line is wholly a creation of our own.
13. ARE THERE ANY LINES?
I was once consulted by an eminent theologian and a
powerful chemist as to whether there are really any such
things as lines. I drew a chalk-mark on the black-board,
and used the boundary idea. Along the sides of the chalk-
mark is there a common boundary where the white ends and
the black begins, neither white nor black but common to both ?
Said the theologian, yes. Said the chemist, no.
Though lines are my trade, I sympathized with the chemist.
There is nothing there until I create a line and then see it
there, if I may say I see what is an invisible creation of my
mind.
Geometry is in structure a system of theorems deduced in
pure logical way from certain unprovable assumptions pre-
created by auto-active animal and human mind.
360 SECTION A.
14. THE REQUIREMENT OP RIGOR IN REASONING.
Some unscientific minds have a personal antipathy to '*a
perfect logical system," ** deduced logically from simple funda-
mental truths." But as Hilbert says: *'The requirement of
rigor, which has become proverbial in mathematics corresponds
to a universal philosophic necessity of our tmderstanding;
and, on the other hand, only by satisfying this requirement
do the thought content and the suggestiveness of the problem
attain their full eflFect. Besides, it is an error to believe that
rigor in the proof is the enemy of simplicity. On the contrary
we find it confirmed by numerous examples that the rigorous
method is at the same time the simpler and the more easily
comprehended. The very effort for rigor forces us to find out
simpler methods of proof.
**Let us look at the principles of analysis and geometry.
The most suggestive and notable achievements of the last
centur>^ in this field are, as it seems to me, the arithmetical
formulation of the concept of the continuum, and the dis-
covery of non -Euclidean geometry."
The importance of the advance they had made was fully
realized by John Bolyai and Lobachevski, who claimed at
once, unflinchingly, that their discovery or creation marked
an epoch in human thought so momentous as to be unstupassed
by anything recorded in the history of philosophy or science,
demonstrating, as had never been proven before, the suprem-
acy of pure reason, at the very moment of overthrowing what
had forever seemed its surest possession, the axioms of geom-
etry.
15. THE YOUTH LOBACHEVSKI.
Young Lobachevski at the University of Kazan, though a
charity student, and, as seeking a learned career, utterly
dependent on the authorities, yet plunged into all sorts of
insubordination and wildness. Among other outbursts, one
night at eleven o'clock he scandalized the despotic Russian
authorities of the Tatar town by shooting off a great sky-
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTBD. 36 1
Tooket, which prank put him promptly in prison. However, he
continued to take part in all practical jokes and horse-play of
the more daring students, and the reports of the commandant
and inspector are never free from bitter complaints against
the outrageous Lobachevski. His place as **Kammerstu-
dent" he lost for too great indulgence toward the misbehavior
of the younger students at a Christmas festivity. In spite
of all, he ventured to attend a strictly -forbidden masked ball,
and what was worse, in discussing the supposed interference
of God to make rain, etc., he used expressions which sub-
jected him to the suspicion of atheism. From the continual
accusing reports of the commandant to the Rektor, the latter
took a grudge against the troublesome Lobachevski, and
reported his badness to the Curator, who, in turn, with expres-
sions of intense regret that Lobachevski shotdd so tarnish
his brilliant qualities, said he would be forced to inform the
Minister of Education. Lobachevski seemed about to pay
dear for his youthful wantonness. He was to come up as a
candidate for the Master's Degree, but was refused by the
Senate, explicitly because of his bad behavior. But his
friend the foreign professor of mathematics now rallied the
three other foreign professors to save him, if he would appear
before the Senate, declare that he rued his evil behavior, and
solemnly promise complete betterment.
This was the mettle of the youth, the dare-devil, the irre-
pressible, who startled the scientific sleep of two thousand
years, who contemptuously overthrew the great Legendre,
and stood up beside Euclid the god of geometers, this the
Lobachevski who knew he was right against a scornful world,
who has given us a new freedom to explain and understand
our universe and ourselves.
16. THE BOY BOLYAI.
■
Of the boy Bolyai, joint claimant of the new world, we have
a brief picture by his father. ** My (13 + X) year old son, when
he reached his ninth year, could do nothing more than speak
and write German and Magyar, and tolerably play the violin
3^2 SECTION A.
by note. He knew not even to add. I began at first with
Euclid ; then he became familiar with Euler ; now he not onlv
knows of Vega (which is my manual in the College) the first
two volumes completely, but has also become conversant
with the third and fourth volumes. He loves differential and
integral calculus, and works in them with extraordinary readi-
ness and ease. Just so he lightly carries the bow through the
hardest runs in violin concerts. Now he will soon finish ray
lectures on physics and chemistry. On these once he also
passed with my grown pupils a public examination given in
the Latin language, an examination worthy of all praise,
where in part others questioned him ad aperturam, and in
part as opportunity served I let him carry out some proofs
in mechanics by the integral calculus, such as variable motion.
the tautochrofiism of the cycloid, and the like. Nothing more
could be wished. The simplicity, clearness, quickness and
ease were enrapturing even for strangers. He has a quick and
comprehensive head, and often flashes of genius, which many
paths at once with a glance find and penetrate. He loves
pure deep theories and astronomy. He is handsome and
rather strongly built, and appears restful, except that he
plays with other children very willingly and with fire. His
character is as far as one can judge, firm and noble. I have
destined him as a sacrifice to mathematics. He also has
consecrated himself thereto."
His mother, n^e Zsuzsanna Benko Arkosi, wonderfully
beautiful, fascinating, of extraordinary mental capacity, but
always nervous, so idolized this only child that when in his
fifteenth year he was to be sent to Vienna to the K. K.
Ingenieur-Akademie, she said it seemed he should go, but his
going would drive her distracted. And so it did.
Appointed "sous-lieutenant," and sent to Temesvir, he
wrote thence to his father a letter in Magyar, which I had
the good fortune to s^e at Maros-VdsArhely :
**My Dear and Good Father:
** I have so much to write about my new inventions that
it is impossible for the moment to enter into great details.
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 365
SO I write you only on one-fourth of a sheet. I await your
answer to my letter of two sheets; and perhaps I would not
have written you before receiving it if I had not wished to
address to you the letter I am writing to the Baroness, which
letter I pray you to send her.
** First of all I reply to you in regard to the binomial.
it
Now to something else, so far as space permits.
I intend to write, as soon as I have put it into order, and
when possible to publish, a work on parallels.
**At this moment it is not yet finished, but the way which
I have followed promises me with certainty the attainment
of the goal, if it in general is attainable.
** It is not yet attained, but I have discovered such magnifi-
cent things that I am myself astonished at them. It would
be damage eternal if they were lost. When you see them>
my father, you yourself will acknowledge it.
"Now I cannot say more, only so much: that from nothing
I have created another wholly new world,
**A11 that I have hitherto sent you compares to this only
as a house of cards to a castle.
**P. S. — I dare to judge absolutely and with conviction of
these works of my spirit before you, my father; I do not
fear from you any false interpretation (that certainly I would
not merit), which signifies that, in certain regards, I consider
you as a second self."
Nor was the young Magyar deceived. The early flashings
of his genius culminated here in a piercing search-light pene-
trating and dissolving the enchanted walls in which Euclid
had for two thousand years held captive the human mind.
The potential new universe, whose creation this letter
announces, afterward set forth with master strokes in his
'* Science Absolute of Space," contains the old as nothing
more than a special case of the new.
Already all the experts of the mathematical world are his
disciples.
364 SECTION A.
17. SOLVING THE UNIVERSE.
Henceforth the non-Euclidean geometry must be reckoned
with in all culture, in all scientific thinking. It shows that
the riddle of the universe is an indeterminate equation capable
of entirely different sets of solutions. It shows that our
universe is largely man-made, and must be often remade to
be solved.
In ** Science" for. November 20, 1903, page 643, W. S.
Franklin, under a heading for which he shows scant warrant,
expresses himself after the following naive fashion :
*'A clear understanding of the essential limitations of
systematic physics is important to the engineer; it is I think
equally important to the biologist, and it is of vital impor-
tance to the physicist, for, in the case of the physicist, to raise
the question as to limitations is to raise the question as to
whether his science does after all deal with realities, and the
conclusion which must force itself on his mind is, I think, that
his science, the systematic part of it, comes very near indeed
to being a science of unrealities. *'
Of course, we deeply sympathize with this seemingly sad
perception, with its accompanying ** simple weeps," ''trailing
weeps," and "steady weeps," but are tempted to prescribe a
tonic or bracer in the form of a correspondence course in
non-Euclidean Geometry.
At least in part, space is a creation of the human mind,
entering as a subjective contribution into every physical ex-
periment. Experience is, at least in part, created by the sub-
ject said to receive it, but really in part making it.
In rigorously founding a science, the ideal is to create a
system of assumptions containing an exact and complete
description of the relations between the elementary concepts
of this science, its statements following from these assump-
tions by pure deductive logic.
18. GEOMETRY NOT EXPERIMENTAL.
Now, geometry, though a natural science, is not an experi-
mental science. If it ever had an inductive stage, the ex-
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 365
periments and inductions must have been made by our pre-
human ancestors.
Says one of the two greatest living mathematicians,
Poincar^, reviewing the work of the other, Hilbert's trans-
cendently beautiful **Grundlagen der Geometric*':
**What are the fimdamental principles of geometry?
What is its origin? its nature? its scope? These are
questions which have at all times engaged the attention of
mathematicians and thinkers, but which took on an entirely
new aspect, thanks to the ideas of Lobachevski and of Bolyai.
For a long time we attempted to demonstrate the prop-
osition known as the postulate of Eticlid ; we constantlv
failed; we know now the reason for these failures.
Lobachevski succeeded in building a logical edifice as coher-
ent as the geometry of Euclid, but in which the famous postu-
late is assumed false, and in which the sum of the angles of a
triangle is always less than two right angles. Riemann
devised another logical system, equally free from contradic-
tion, in which this sum is on the other hand always greater than
two right angles. These two geometries, that of Lobachevski
and that of Riemann, are what are called the non-Euclidean
geometries. The postulate of Euclid then cannot be demon-
strated ; and this impossiblity is as absolutely certain as any
mathematical truth whatsoever. " * * *
**The first thing to do was to enumerate all the axioms of
geometry. This was not so easy as one might suppose ; there
are the axioms which one sees and those which one does not
see, which are introduced unconsciously and without being
noticed.
** Euclid himself, whom we suppose an impeccable logician,
frequently applies axioms which he does not expressly state.
** Is the list of Professor Hilbert final? We may take it to
be so, for it seems to have been drawn up with care. "
But just here this gives us a startling incident: the two
greatest living mathematicians both in error. In my own
class a young man under twenty, R. L. Moore, proved that
of Hilbert's "betweenness" assumptions, axioms of order,
one of the five is redundant, and by a proof so simple and
366 SECTION A.
elegant as to be astonishing. Hilbert has since acknowledged
this redundancy.
The same review touches another fundamental point as
follows :
** Hilbert 's Fourth Book treats of the measurement of
plane surfaces. If this measurement can be easily established
without the aid of the principle of Archimedes, it is because
two equivalent polygons can either be decomposed into
triangles in such a way that the component triangles of
the one and those of the other are equal each to each
(so that, in other words, one polygon can be converted
into the other after the manner of the Chinese puzzle [by
cutting it up and rearranging the pieces]), or else can be
regarded as the difference of polygons capable of this mode
of decomposition (this is really the same process, admitting
not only positive triangles but also negative triangles.)
* * But we must observe that an analogous state of affairs
does not seem to exist in the case of two equivalent polyhedra.
so that it becomes a question whether we can determine the
volume of the pyramid, for example, without an appeal more
or less disguised to the infinitesimal calculus. It is, then, not
certain whether we could dispense with the axiom of Archi-
medes as easily in the measurement of volumes as in that of
plane areas. Moreover, Professor Hilbert has not attempted
it."
Max Dehn, a young man of twenty-one, in Mathematische
Annalen, Band 5 5 , proved that the treatment of equivalence by
cutting into a finite number of parts congruent in pairs, can
never be extended from two to three dimensions.
Poincar^'s Review first appeared in September, 1902. But
on July I, 1902, I had already presented before this very
Section, a complete solution of the question or problem he pro-
poses, the determination of volume without any appeal to
the infinitesimal calculus, without any use of the axiom of
Archimedes.
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 367
19. THE TEACHING OF GEOMETRY.
As Study has said: *' Among conditions to a more profound
understanding of even very elementary parts of the Euclidean
geometry, the knowledge of the non-Euclidean geometry
cannot be dispensed with."
How shall we make this new creation, so fruitful already for
the theory of knowledge, for kenlore, bear fruit for the teach-
ing of geometry ? What new ways are opened by this master-
ful explosion of pure genius, shattering the mirrors which had
so dazzlingly protected from perception both the flaws and
triumphs of the old Greek's marvelous, if artificial, con-
struction ?
One advance has been safely won and may be rested on.
There should be a preliminary course of intuitive geometry
which does not strive to be rigorously demonstrative, which
emphasizes the sensuous rather than the rational, giving full
scope for those new fads, the using of pads of squared paper,
and the so-called laboratory methods so well adapted for the
feeble-minded. Hailmann, in his preface, sums up '*the pur-
pose throughout** in these significant words: **And thus,
incidentally, to stimulate genuine vital interest in the study of
geometry."
I remember Sylvester's smile when he told me he had never
owned a mathematical or drawing instrument in his life.
His great twin brother, Cayley, speaks of space as '*the
representation [creation] lying at the foundation of all ex-
ternal experience." **And these objects, points, lines,
circles, etc., in the mathematical sense of the terms, have a
likeness to, and are represented more or less imperfectly, and
from a geometer's point of view, no matter how imperfectly, by
corresponding physical points, lines, circles, etc."
But geometry, always relied upon for training in the logic
of science, for teaching what demonstration really is, must be
made more worthy the world's faith. There is need of a
text-book of rational geometry really rigorous, a book to give
every clear-headed youth the benefit of his living after
Bolyai and Hilbert.
368 SECTION A.
20. THE NEW RATIONAL GEOMETRY.
] The new system will begin with still simpler ideas than did
I the great Alexandrian, for example, the " betweenness"
I assumptions; but can confound objectors by avoiding the
old matters and methods which have been the chief points of
objection and contest. For example, says Mr. Perry, "I
wasted much precious time of my life on the fifth book of
Euclid." Says the great Cayley: ** There is hardly anything
in mathematics more beautiful than his wondrous fifth book."
For my own part, nothing ever better repaid study. But
the contest is over, for now, at last, without sacrificing a whit
of rigor, we are able to give the whole matter by an algebra as
simple as if only approximate, and, like Euclid, including
incommensurables without even mentioning them.
Again, we shall regain the pristine purity of Euclid in the
matter of what Jules Andrade calls '* cette mialheureuse et
illogique definition" (Phillips and Fisher, §7): "A straight
line is a line which is the shortest path between two of its
points."
As to this hopeless muddle, which has been condemned ad
nauseam, notice that it is senseless without a definition for
the length of a curve. Yet, Professor A. Lodge, in a Discus-
sion on Reform, says: * * I believe we could not do better than
adopt some French text-book as our model. Also I, 24, 25,
being obviously related to 1,4, are made to immediately fol-
low it in such of the French books as define a straight line to
be the shortest distance between two points." Professor
Lodge, then, does not know that the French themselves have
repudiated this nauseous pseudo-definition. Of it Laisant
says (p. 223): "This definition, almost unanimously aban-
doned, represents one of the most remarkable examples of the
persistence with which an absurdity can propagate itself
throughout the centuries.
'* In the first place, the idea expressed is incomprehensible
to beginners, since it presupposes the notion of the length
of a curve; and further, it is a vicious circle, since the length
of a curve can only be understood as the limit of a sum of
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTED. 369
rectilinear lengths; moreover, it is not a definition at all, since,
on the contrary, it is a demonstrable proposition."
As to what a tremendous affair this proposition really is,
consult Georg Hamel in Mathematische Annalen for this very
year (page 242), who employs to adequately express its con-
tent the refinements of the Integral Calculus and the modem
Theory of Functions.
Moreover, underneath all this even is the assumption of
the theorem, Euclid I, 20: **Any two sides of a triangle are
together greater than the third side;" upon which proposition,
which the Sophists said even donkeys knew, Hilbert has
thrown brilliant new light in the Proceedings of the London
Mathematical Society, 1902, pages 50-68, where he creates
a geometry in which the donkeys are mistaken, a geometry
in which two sides of a triangle may be together less than the
third side, exhibiting as a specific and definite example a
right triangle in which the sum of the two sides is less than
the hypothenuse.
Any respectably educated person knows that in general
the length of a curve is defined by the aggregate formed by
the lengths of a proper sequence of inscribed polygons.
The curve of itself has no length. This definition in ordi-
nary cases creates for the curve a length; but in case the
aggregate is not convergent, the curve is regarded as not
rectifiable. It had no length, and even our creative defini-
tion has failed to endow it with length ; so it has no length, and
lengthless it must remain.
If, however, it can be shown that the. lengths of these
inscribed polygons form a convergent aggregate which is
independent of the particular choice of the polygons of the
sequence, the curve is rectifiable, its length being defined by
the number given by the aggregate.
21. GEOMETRY WITHOUT ANY CONTINUITY ASSUMPTION.
Euclid in his very first proposition and again in I, 22, **to
make a triangle from given sides," uses unannounced a con-
tinuity assumption. But nearly the whole of Euclid can be
370 SECTION A.
obtained without any continuity assumption whatever, and
this great part it is which forms the real domain of Elementary
Geometry.
Continuity belongs, with limits and infinitesimals, in the
Calculus.
Professor W. G. Alexejeif of Dorpat, in **Die Mathematik
als Grundlage der Kritik wissenschaftlich-philosophischer
Weltanschanung " (1903), shows how men of science have
stultified themselves by ignorantly presupposing continuity.
He calls that a higher standpoint which takes account of the
individuality of the elements* and gives as examples of this
discreet or discontinuous mathematics the beautiful enumer-
ative geometry, the Invariants of Sylvester and Cayley, and
in chemistry the atomic-structure theory of Kekul^ and the
periodic system of the chemical elements by Mendelejev, to
which two theories, both exclusively discreet in character, we
may safely attribute almost entirely the present standpoint
of the science.
Still more must discontinuity play the chief r61e in Biology
and Sociology, dealing as they do with differing individuals,
cells and persons. How desirable, then, that the new freedom
should appear even as early as in elementary geometry.
After mathematicians all knew that number is in origin and
basis entirely independent of measurement or measurable
magnitude; after in fact the dominant trend of all pure
mathematics was its arithmetization, weeding out as irrele-
vant any fundamental use of measurement or measurable
quantity, there originated in Chicago from the urbane Pro-
fessor Dewey (who in parenthesis I must thank for his amiable
couftesy throughout the article in the Educational Review
which he devoted to my paper on the Teaching of Geometry-) ,
the shocking tumble or reversal that the origin, basis and
essence of number is measurement.
Many unfortimate teachers and professors of pedagogy ran
after the new darkness, and even books were issued trying to
teach how to use these dark lines in the spectrum for* illumi-
nating purposes.
There is a ludicrous element in the parody of all this just
now in the domain of geometry.
GEORGE BRUCE HALSTBD. 37 1
After mathematicians all know of the wondrous fruit and
outcome of the non-Euclidean geometry in removing all the
diffictdties of pure elementary geometry, there comes another
philosopher, a Mr. Perry, who never having by any chance
heard of all this, advises the cure of these troubles by the
abolition of rational geometry.
Just as there was a Dewey movement so is there a Perry
movement, with books on geometry written by persons who
never read Alice in Wonderland or its companion volume,
Euclid and his Modem Rivals.
But the spirits of Bolyai and Lobachevski smile on this
well-meaning strenuosity, and whisper, **It is something to
know what proof is and what it is not ; and where can this be
better learned than in a science which has never had to take
one footstep backward.^"
PAPERS READ.
A New Trbatmbnt op Volume. By G. B. Halstbd.
LiNBS ON THB PSBUDOSPHBRB AND THB SyNTRACTRIX OP RbVO<
LUTiON. By E. L. Hancock.
Thb Rotation Pbrioo op the Planbt Saturn. By G. W. Hough,
An Extension op thb Group Concept. By Edward Kasner.
Facilities por Astronomical Photography in Southern Cali*
PORNiA. By £. L. Larkin.
Coincident Variations. By L. S. McCoy.
On the Generalization and Extension op Sylow's Theorem.
By G. a. Miller.
The Supporting and Counterweightingopthe Principal Axes
op Large Telescopes. By C. D. Perrinb.
A Linkage por Describing the Conic Sections by Continuous
Motion. By J. J. Quinn.
Circles Representbd by fi*'P -f L;ti*0 + M;tiR + N S = o. By
T. R. Running.
A New Type op Transit-Room Shutter. By David Todd.
374 SECTION A.
[The following papers were read before the Astronomical and
Astrophysical Society of America, and Section A, in joint session.]
The Prediction op Occultations op Stars by the Moon. Bt
G. W. Hough.
The D. O. Mills Expedition. By W. W. Campbell.
The Sun's Motion Relative to a Group op Faint Stars. Bt
g. c. comstock.
The Absorption op Solar Radiation by the Sun's Atmos>
pherb. By F. W. Very.
Borelly's Comet. By Sebastian Albrecht.
The Pivots of the Nine-inch Transit Circle op the U. S. Naval
Observatory. By W. S. Eichblbbrger.
A Short Sketch op TkE Progress op Astronomy in the Unitbd
States. By M. S. Brbnnan.
The Eros Parallax Photographs at the Goodsell Obsbrva-
TORY. By H. C. Wilson.
PAPERS READ. 375
[The following papers were read before the Chicago Section of the
American Mathematical Society, and Section A, in joint session.]
A Generalization op Symmetric ahd Skew Symmetric Deter-
minants. By L. £. Dickson.
A Class op Pseudo-Contact Transpormations. By £. R.
Hedrick.
Some Developments in Vector Analysis. By J. V. Collins.
Primitive Roots op an Ideal in an Algebraic Number Field.
By Jacob Westlund.
The Elliptic Functions and the General Symmetric Group
ON Four Letters. By E. W. Davis.
An Existence Theorem por a Dipperential Equation op the
Second Order, with an Application to the Calculus op
Variations. By G. A. Bliss.
Analogues op th^ Jacobian Identity that Involve Four
Elements. By Oscar Schmiedel.
The Law op the Mean por Functions op Several Variables.
By E. R. Hedrick.
Algebras Defined by Finite Groups. By J. B. Shaw.
376
SECTION A.
The Definition op a Reducible Hyper-Complex Number Sys-
tem. By Saul Epsteen.
Memoir on Abblian Transformations. By L. E. Dickson.
Groups in which Certain Commutative Operations arb Con-
jugate; AND Complete Sbts of Conjugate Opbrations.
By H. L. Rietz.
Group Characters op a Linear Fractional Group; of Linbar
Homogeneous Groups op Determinant Unity; and of the
Group op all Linear Fractional Substitutions in a Galois
Field. By H. E. Jordan.
SECTION B.
PHYSICS.
OFFICERS OF SECTION B.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section.
Edwin H. Hall, Cambridge, Mass.
Secretary.
Dayton C. Miller, Cleveland, Ohio.
Member of Council.
D. B. Brace.
Sectional Committee,
Ernest F. Nichols, Vice-President, 1903; Dayton C. Miller,
Secretary, 1903; Edwin H. Hall, Vice-President, 1904;
D. C. Miller, Secretary, 1904.
Ernest Mbrritt, i year; D. B. Brace, 2 years; A. G. Webster,
3 years; Gordon F. Hull, 4 years; F. E. Niphbr, 5 years.
Member of General Committee.
R. R. Ramsay.
Press Secretary.
D. C. Miller.
PAPERS READ.
Rbport op the Committee on the Velocity of Light. By
D. B. Brace.
A Half Shade Elliptical Polarizer and Compensator. By
D. B. Brace.
On the Effect of a Magnetic Field on the Interference of
Natural Light. By John Mills.
On the Velocity of Light in a Magnetic Field. By John
Mills.
Hertzian Waves Since Hertz. By A. D. Cole.
A Simple Alternate Current Frequency Recorder. By E
S. Johonnott.
Iron Losses in Loaded Transformers. By E. S. Johonnott
A Method of Comparing Standard Cells. By A. C. Longdkn
A Method for the Determination of Mutual Induction Co-
efficients. By Augustus Trowbridge.
The Influence of Occluded Hydrogen on the Electrical Rk-
SISTANCE OF PALLADIUM. By W. £. McElFRESH.
i
3^0 SECTION B.
On Hydrogbn-chargbd Palladium. By £. H. Hall.
A New Form op Frequency Meter. By A. S. Langsdorp.
A Remarkable Distribution op Carbon on the Bulb op a
* Hylo* Incandescent Lamp. By Arthur L. Foley.
On the Charges given to Surfaces by the Dippusion op Ions
AND THE Earth's Negative Potential. By John Zblbnt.
The Ratb op Propagation op Smell. By John Zeleny.
On the Theory op the Electrolytic Rectipibr. By S. R. Cook.
On the Position op Aluminum in the Voltaic Seribs and thb
Use op Aluminum as a Positive Element in a Primary Cell.
By S. R. Cook.
A New Method por Quantitivb Work in Sound. By John O.
Reed.
On the Differential Telephonb. By William Duanb.
The Selective Reflection op Puchsin. By W. B. Cartmbl.
Primitive Conditions in the Solar Nebula. By Francis B,
Nipher.
PAPERS READ. 38 1
On the Investigation op the Kinetic Theory of Gases by
Elementary Methods. By Henry T. Eddy.
A Demonstration to Disprove the Second Law op Thermo-
dynamics. By Jacob T. Wainwright.
Determination op the Coeppicibnt op Expansion op Quartz
AND Nickel at High Temperatures. By John O. Reed and
H. M. Randall.
On the Thickness op Absorbed Aqueous Films. By Lyman
J. Briggs and a. W. McCall.
On the Heat Developed on Moistening Insoluble Powders.
By Lyman J. Briggs.
The Continuous Method op Steam Calorimetry. By Joseph
H. Hart.
The Circulation of the Atmosphere, as indicated by the
recent Abnormal Sky Colors. By A. Lawrence Rotcb.
38a SECTION B.
[The following papers were read before the American Physical
Society and Section B, in joint session.]
The Radioactivity op Ordinary Mbtals. By E. F. Burton.
Dobs the Radioactivity of Radium depend on the Concen-
tration? By E. Rutherpord.
The Heating Eppect op the Radium Emanations. By E.
Rutherford and H. T. Barnes.
The Phosphorescence op Organic Substances at Low Tem-
peratures. By £. L. Nichols and Ernest Merritt.
Thk Spbctro-photomstric Study of Fluoresbnce. By E. h.
Nichols and Ernest Merritt.
Thb Electrical Conductivity op Liquid Films. By Lyman
]. Br^ggs.
On the Use op Nickel in the Marconi Magnetic Dbtector.
By Arthur L. Foley.
On Double Refraction in Matter moving through the Bthbr.
By D. B. Brace.
PAPERS RBAD. 383
Thb Work of the National Bureau of Standards. By E. B«
Rosa.
Blbctric Double Refraction in Gases. By D. B. Brace.
Thb Spectrum of the Afterglow op the Spark Discharge
IN Nitrogen at Low Pressures. By PttRCiVAL Lewis.
Thb Spectrum of the Electrodeless Discharge in Nitrogen.
By Pbrcival Lewis.
SECTION C.
CHEMISTRY.
OFFICERS OF SECTION C.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section,
WiLDBR D. Bancroft, Ithaca, N. Y.
Secretary.
<^HARLBs L. Parsons, Durham, N. H.
Member of Council.
E. H. S. Bailby.
Sectional Committee.
WiLDBR D. Bancroft, Vice-President, 1904; Charlbs L. Parsons,
Secretary, 1904; Charlbs Baskbrvillb, Vice-President,
1903; H. N. Storbs, Secretary, 1903.
E. C. Franklin, i year; M. T. Bogbrt, 2 years; L. P. Kinnicutt,
3 years; L. Kahlbnbero, 4 years; G. B. Prankfortbr,
5 years.
Member of General Committee
Alfrbd Springbr.
Press Secretary.
G. B. Prankfortbr.
ADDRESS
BY
CHARLES BASKERVILLE,
VICB-PRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN OF SECTION C FOR 1903,
THE ELEMENTS: VERIFIED AND UNVERIFIED,
It is the sad duty of the retiring Chairman of this Section
to chronicle the death of two members. One of them,
James Francis Magee, B. S., University of Pennsylvania, 1887,
devoted his life chiefly to commercial purstiits, in which
he was most successful. He joined the Association at the
fifty-first meeting, being one of our youngest. The other was
H. Carrington Bolton, Columbia, 1862 (Ph. D., Gottingen,
1867), who, with the exception of four (Gibbs, Boye, Brush,
and Hilgard), was the senior of the Section, having joined at
the seventeenth meeting. I beg permission to quote from
an article of his in the American Chemist, 1876, the year fol-
lowing his elevation to Fellowship in the Association, as it
exemplified in telling words one of the great aims in his life,
with the fruitful accomplishment of which you are familiar.
'* So rapid are the strides made by science in this progressive
age, and so boundless is its range, that those who view its
career from without find great difficulty in following its di-
verse and intricate pathways, while those who have secured
a footing within the same road are often quite unable to keep
pace with its fleet movements and would fain retire from
the unequal contest. It is not surprising, then, that those
actually contributing to the advancement of science, pressing
eagerly upward and onward, should neglect to look back upon
the labors of those who precede them, and should sometimes
lose sight of the obligations which science owes to forgotten
388 SECTION C.
generations.*'* His numerous contributions to and intimate
knowledge of the history of chemistry ; his gentle and generous
sympathy aided and stimulated many active in research or
technical applications of chemistry. His monumental bibliog-
raphies put out by the Smithsonian Institution are master-
pieces. The grief and keen regret of his loss are not confined
to one nation.
On another occasion it has been the good forttine of him
who has the honor of addressing you to-day to indicate that
events of literary moment, governmental modifications, in-
ventions and forward stridings in science have apparently
accommodated themselves to historical periods during the
past century .t Striking novel facts and fancies, gleaned in
the realm of inorganic chemistry, have crested not a few of
the high waves of those human tides that beat against the
coast of the imtried and unknown.
The human mind knows by contrasts. For the day we
have night; for the good there is evil. Where man would
have a God, he had also a devil ; for the true there is the false;
the verified and unverified. The false may be true through
ignorance ; the true may be false in the light of new knowledge.
Or, as Hegel put it, *'Sein und das nicht Sein sind das Nam-
Is matter continuous or discrete? argued the opposed
schools of Grecian philosophy led by Leucippus, Democritus
and Epicurus, and dominated by Aristotle. Despite the
clarity of the statements of the Roman Lucretius,} the atomic
*** Notes on the Early Literature of Chemistry — The Book of
the Balance of Wisdom," New York Academy of Sciences, May
39, 1876.
t*'The Rare Earth Crusade: What it Portends, Scientifically
and Technically," Science, N. S. 17, 722-781.
J** Nature reserving these as seeds of things
.Permits in them no minish nor decay;
They can't be fewer and they can't be less."
Again of compounds —
" Decay of some leaves others free to grow
And thus the sum of things rests unimpaired.**
— Book II, 79.
CHARLES BASKERVILLE. 389
hypothesis received scant attention until the seventeenth
century of the Christian era, when Galilei's experimental
science assailed Aristotelian metaphysics and demanded veri-
fications of the premises of that philosophy, which had gov-
erned all the schools of Europe for two thousand years.*
While Gassendi, Boyle, Descartes, Newton, perhaps Boscovich,
Lavoisier, Swedenborg, Richter, Fischer and Higgins had
to do with our modem atomic theory, Dalton one himdred
years ago ** created a working tool of extraordinary power
and usefulness" in the laws of definite and multiple propor-
tions. As Clarket remarked, '* Between the atoms of Lucretius
■and the Daltonian atom, the kinship is very remote." Al-
though the lineage is direct, the work of Berzelius, Gmelin
and others; the laws of Faraday, Guy Lussac, Agavadro,
Dulong and Petit ; the reformations of Laurent and Gerhardt,
but particularly Cannizzaro; the systematizations of de
Chancourtois, Newlands, Hinrichs, Mendelejeff and Lothar
Meyer; the stereo-chemistry of Van't Hoff and LeBel, have
imperialized the ideas of the Manchester philosopher, so that
the conceptions of the conservative atomists of to-day are
quite different from those at the beginning of the closed cen-
tury.! *
These have not come about solely through the additive
labors of the savants mentioned, for they have been shaped
quite as much by speculative and experimental opposition
exemplified by Brodie§ and Sterry Hunt.|
In Graham's "Speculative Ideas Respecting the Constitu-
tion of Matter, "IF we have the conception that our supposed
♦See '*The Atomic Theory," The Wilde Lecture, by F. W.
Clarke, at Dalton Celebration, May, 1903.
tLoc. cit.
J While I have examined much of the original literature, Ven-
able's "History of the Periodic Law" has been most helpful. I
have furthermore had the privilege of reading very carefully the
manuscript of a work entitled "The Study of the Atom" (in press)
by Dr. Venable.
§" Calculus of Chemical Operations," J. Chem. Soc, 21, 367
(1866), and his book, "Ideal Chemistry" (1880).
II Numerous papers summarized in "A New Basis for Chemistry,"
New York, 1887 and 1892 (4th edition).
^Proc. Roy. Soc, 1863.
39© SECTION C.
elements possess "one and the same ultimate or atomic
molecule existing in different conditions of movement."*
Apropos y we have the suggestion of F. W. Clarket that the
evolution of planets from nebulae, according to the hypoth-
esis of Kant and Laplace, was accompanied by an evolution
of the elements themselves. Even Boyle — **the cautious
and doubting Robert Boyle," as Himiboldt said of him —
was inclined to the belief that "all matter is compounded of
one primordial substance — merely modifications of the wa-
teria prima, "
The Daltonian ideas had scarcely reached adolescence
before Prout (1815), giving heed to the figures concerned,
would have all the elements compounded of hydrogen. The
classical atomic mass values obtained by sympathetic Stas
and the numerous investigations of those who followed him,
with all the refinements himian ingenuity has been able to
devise, temporarily silenced such speculations, but not until
Marignac had halved the tmit, Dxunas had quartered it, and
Zangerie, as late as 1882, insisted upon the one-thousandth
hydrogen atom.
The notion, like Banquo's ghost, will ever up, for if one may
judge from the probability calculations of Mallet J and
StruttS, a profound truth underiies the now crude hypothesis.
Crookes,|| from observations made during prolonged and
painstaking fractionations of certain of the rare earths, sup-
ported his previously announced * ' provisional hypothesis" as
to the genesis of the elements from a hypothetical protyle,
which existed when the universe was without form and void.
He designated those intermediate entities, like yttrium, gad-
olinitim and didymium, **meta-elements,"ir a species of com-
pound radicals, as it were. Urstoff, fire mist, protyle, the ultra-
♦Venable, *'The Definition of the Element," Vice- Presidential
Address, Section C, A. A. A. S., Columbus Meeting, 1899.
t" Evolution and the Spectroscope," Pop. Sc. M. Jour., 1873.
jPhil. Trans., 171, 1003 (1881).
§Phil. Mag. (6), I, 311.
llChem. News, 55, 83 (1886).
^Address before Chemical Section of the British Association^
Chem. News, 54, 117 (1885).
CHARLES BASKERVILLE. 391
gaseous form, the fourth state of matter* was condensed by a
process analogous to cooling; in short, the elements were
created. The rate of the cooUng and irregular condensation
produced '*the atavism of the elements," and this caused the
formation of the natural families of the periodic system.
Marignact, criticising this hypothesis, states "I have always
admitted t the impossibility of accounting for the curious re-
lations which are manifested between the atomic weights of
the elements, except, by the hypothesis, by a general method
of formation according to definite though imknown laws;
even when these relations have the character of general and
absolute laws."
Further, "I do not the less acknowledge that the effect of
constant association of these elements is one of the strongest
proofs that can be found of the community of their origin.
Besides, it is not an isolated fact; we can find other examples,
such as the habitual association in minerals of tantalum,
niobium and titanium."
Sir John Herschel thought that all the atoms were alike and
the elements, as we know them, **have the stamp of the man-
ufactured article."
Hartley § this year says: "It is more than twenty years
since the study of homology in spectra led me to the con-
viction that the chemical atoms are not the ultimate particles
of matter, and that they have a complex constitution."
The peculiar discharge from the negative electrode of a
vacuum tube was investigated many years ago by Hittorf and
Crookes, who arrived at the conclusion that it was composed
of streams of charged particles. All are familiar with the
very recent proposed "electrons" and "corpuscles" result-
ing from the beautiful physical researches of Lodge and J. J.
Thomson. These appear to have caused a trembling in the
♦Crookes, Royal Societies, June 10, 1880.
tArchives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles, 1 7-5 ; Chemical
News, 56, 39.
^Remarks made in 1860-65 after publication of Stas' "Re-
searches on Atomic Weights," Archives, 9, 102, 24-376.
$ Address before the Chemical Section, British Association,
Southport meeting, Sept., 1903. Chem. News, 88, 154.
392 SECTION C.
belief of many in the immutability of the atom, and the com-
plete abandonment of the " atom is seriously discussed by
others.
'•If the electrons of all elements are exactly alike, or, in
other words, if there is but one matter, just as there is but one
force, and if the elements be but the various manifestations of
that one matter, due to a different orbital arrangement of the
electrons, it would seem that we are fast returning to the
conceptions of the middle-age alchemist. The transmuta-
tions of metals involves but the modification of the arrange-
ment of the electrons/' Such efforts as Fittica's* shotdd not
be treated with scorn, but given the careful examination and
merited consideration, as Winklerf gave his. Science should
thus ever be a " foe of raw haste, half-sister to delay. "{
Although by chemical means, so far, we have been unable
to break up the atom, apparently electrical energy, in the
form of cathode rays, for example, follows the grain of atomic
structure. Some advanced thinkers look upon the atoms as
disembodied charges of electricity. Ostwald has taught it.
Electric charges are known only as united to matter, yet
Johnstone Stoney and Larmor have speculated on the prop-
erties of such charges isolated. **Such a charge is inertia,
even though attached to no matter, and the increase of
inertia of a body due to electrification has been calculated by
both Thomson and Oliver Heaviside, the conception accord-
ingly being advanced that all inertia is electrical and that
matter, as we know it, is built up of interlocked positive and
negative electrons. If it were possible in any mass of matter
to separate these electrons, then matter would disappear and
there would remain merely two enormous charges of electri-
city." We are aware of phenomena attributed to the negative
electrons ; we await anxiously the announcement of the posi-
tive electrons. But here the water is deep and one may not
swim too well.
**' Black Phosphorus, or Conversion of Phosphorus into Arsenic,"
Chem. News, 8i, 257, and 82, 166.
tBerichte, 33, 10; Chem. News, 81, 305.
JVan Dyke in "The Ruling Passion."
CHARLES BASKERVILLE. 393
We do know, however, as A. A. Noyes says,* that ** there
exists in the universe some thing or things other than matter
which, by association with it, gives rise to the changes in proper-
ties which bodies exhibit, and gives them power of producing
changes in the properties of other bodies." Further (page 1 5).
** . matter is that which gives rise to the localiza-
tion of the complex of properties which certain portions of
space exhibit. Even though, on the one hand, it must be
admitted that the existence of matter is inferred only from
various energy manifestations which bodies exhibit, it must be
acknowledged, on the other, that there are no manifestations
of energy except those which are associated with the mani-
festations of it that have led to the adoption of the concept
of matter; in a word, the two assumed entities, matter and
energy, are indissolubly connected in our experience.*' Thus,
as Dumas said, ** Hypotheses are the crutches of science to
be thrown away at the proper time."
I have dared to sketch these conceptions in a few bold
outlines, for
** We can't enumerate them all!
In every land and age have they
With honest zeal been toiling onf
To turn our darkness into day."
The imposition upon your good nature practiced in the
foregoing craves its pardon in an effort to seek a definition
for the term element. Shall we say, as does Remsen, **An
element is a substance made up of atoms of the same kind.^"
Can we say that it is not ? VenableJ truly says * * An element is
best defined by means of its properties." These conceits are
not exclusive. The properties are the result of the action of
physical forces and chemical affinity, whatever that may be.
Certain of the novel atmospheric gases have so far responded
but poorly to the latter, as predicted before their discovery
by Flawitzsky, Julius Thomsen and de Boisbaudran in 1887.
**' General Principles of Physical Science," p. 13 (1902).
+Aikens* poem at Priestley Centennial, Am. Chemist, 1875, 23.
JThe "Definition of the Element," loc. cii.
394 SECTION c.
This necessitates, according to Piccini,* our dividing them a:
once into two classes.
Pattison Muir gives a satisfactory definition. f **The
notion of the elements that has been attained after long
continued labor is that of certain distinct kinds of matter,
each of which has properties that distinguish it from every
other kind of matter, no one of which has been separated into
portions unlike the original substance, and which combine
together to produce new kinds of matter that are called
compounds.*'
The following simpler definition has finally served as my
guide: An element is that which has not been decomposed, so
far as we are aware, into anything other than itself. In short,
it is consistent.
It is well to stop occasionally and take stock. The Dal-
tonian centenary could not but be an opportune time. Stable,
certified securities are not enumerated in the list which fol-
lows. Having in mind the second chapter of the First
Book of Chronicles, certain so-called elements are mentioned,
for yttrium begat cerium, and cerium begat lanthanum, and
lanthanum begat samarium and didymitmi, and didymium
begat neodidymiimi and pra^seodidymium, and praeseo-
didymium begat a- and i5-praeseodidymium, '*uttd so welter^
Unpracticed as a reading clerk, I shall spare you the strain
of hearing this long list of elements on probation, but submit
for leisure perusal printed copies. (See Appendix.)
From the table have been omitted Urstoff, protyle.
(Crookes), electrons (Lodge), corpuscles (J. J. Thomson)
and pantogen (Hinrichs). It appeared also unnecessary to
incorporate phlogiston, nitricum (the imaginary body, thought
by Berzelius, imited with oxygen to form nitrogen), and araeon
(ponderable caloric). According to Meissner, hydrochloric
acid is composed of two equivalents of oxygen, one of water,
combined with araeon and the imaginary radical murium
{vide Bolton). Often alloys have been prepared and given
♦Zeit. Anorg. Chem., 19, 295 (1899). .
f'The Alchemical Essence and the Chemical Element," London,
8vo., pp. 94 (1894).
CHARLES BASKERVILLE. 395
names like the elements, **Magnalium" for example. These
are omitted also. Otherwise, I have purposely included
every suggestion of an element I could obtain. The summary,
while doubtless deficient, may secure an historical vindication.
The italicised names are elements which have been tried
and found wanting; those in small capitals have been verified
beyond question as distinct, although in specific cases evidence
is had that they are complex. All others uniformly stand
before the bar of judgment. The arrangement is chrono-
logical. Due to pressure of affairs, it has been quite impos-
sible in some cases to consult the original papers, hence part
of the table is composed of second-hand and meager informa-
tion. Every source available has been drawn upon, as
Venable*s **The Elements, Historically Considered'* [Joum.
Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, IV, 36, (1887)], which un-
fortunately gives no references; Winkler's '*The Discovery
of New Elements within the last Twenty-five Years" (Lecture
before the German Chemical Society, Smithsonian Report for
1897, 237); Clere's **Marignac Memorial Lecttu-e," 1895;
**Rise and Fall of the Defimct Elements" [Chem. News, 22,
^08, (1870)]; **List of Elementary Substances Annotuiced
from 1877 to 1887" (Chem. News, 58, 1887), by the lamented
H. Carrington Bolton, to whom I cannot too strongly empha-
size my indebtedness for his ever ready help and sympathy.
It is my desire to have this as complete and authentic as
possible. I therefore beg that all information as to omis-
sions and corrections be forwarded me (Chapel Hill, North
Carolina, U. S. A.). It will be gratefully acknowledged.
What shall we do with these numerous aspirants whose
recognition is urged.'* "These elements perplex us in our
researches, bafQe us in our speculations, and haunt us in
our very dreams. They stretch like an unknown sea before
us, mocking, mystifying and murmuring strange revelations
and possibilities," said Crookes referring to the rare earths.
Some have been verified, many unverified ; some are true, some
are false. Without doubt some have been presented without
sufficient stage setting, yet the good faith of many cannot be
questioned. In fact, from this list, as one reads he perceives
39^ SECTION C.
the whole gamut of scientific emotions. There he may find
the tragedies of elemental pretension, the comedies, yea! the
very farces.
We need not look far to ascertain explanations for certain
incorrect conclusions. The extreme raritv of the minerals
in which many of the tentative elements have been detected,
the excessively small percentages of the new ingredients, and
the extraordinary difficulties attending their separation from
known and unknown substances combine to render the investi-
gations laborious, protracted and costly. De Boisbaudran
required 2,400 kilograms of zinc blende for 62 grams of
gallium. Ramsay* has shown one part of crypton in twenty
million volumes of air, while a like amount of xenon requires
one hundred and seventy million. How patiently and per-
sistently that modest Parisian couple followed BecquereFs
rays !
Furthermore, when one feels that he has obtained some-
thing novel, the absolute proof is fraught with difficulties
and uncertainties. We have decided to define an element
by its properties. The alterations produced in the properties
of the most characteristic elements by the presence of small
amounts of foreign substances are evident in steel. The
influence of arsenic upon the conductivity of copper is well
known, and Le Bonf has recently shown that traces of mag-
nesium (one part in 14,000) in mercury cause the latter to
decompose water and to rapidly oxidize in the air at ordinary
temperatures. Thorium with less than a trace of actinium
produces an autophotograph.
This point cannot be strongly stressed in the rare earth
field. One who has wrought with thorium dioxide well
knows the influence a small amount of cerium has upon its
solubility. The conflicting statements in the literature as
to the colors of the oxides of the complexes, neodidymium
and praeseodidymium, cause one to wonder if different
researchers have had the same haecceity.
An appeal to the spectroscope is of course in the minds of
all my hearers.
♦Zeit. phys. Chcm., 44, 74 (1903).
fCompt. rend., 131, 706 (1900).
CHARLES BASKBRVILLE. 397
It was once supposed that each element has its charac*
teristic spectrum which remained the same under all cir-
cumstances. Keeler* calls attention to modem investiga-
tions which have shown that the same element can have
entirely different spectra. For example, oxygen may be
caused to have five different spectra, nitrogen two, etc. In
fact, there is no indication in the appearance of the spectra
that they belong to the same substance; yet through the
result of the work of Rydberg, Kayser, Runge, and Precht,
series of groups of lines are had which satisfy mathematical
formulae.
**It was proposed by de Gramont, at the International
Congress in Paris, in 190c, and agreed, that no new substance
shotdd be described as an element imtil its spark spectrum
had been measured and shown to be different from that of
every other known form of matter.'' As Hartley t remarks,
"This appears to me to have been one of the most important
transactions of the Congress. '* Radium} was the first to be
tested by this rule. Exner and Haschek obtained 1193 spark
and 257 arc lines for Demarcay's europium. It must not be
forgotten, however, that by overlapping lines in mixtures
may be masked or appear, which are absent in those bodies of
the highest state of purity. It must not be forgotten that
pressure influences the spectrum, usually producing a broaden-
ing of the lines, as shown by Schuster, § and that it may occur
symmetrically or only towards the least refrangible red. Lest
we forget, the spectroscope failed a long time to show radium,
and we knew it was there. It must not be forgotten, as G.
Krtissl has shown that the "influence of temperature can-
♦Scientific American Supplement, 88, 977, 1894, and Popular
Astronomy.
tAddrcss before the Chemical Section of the British Association,
Southport, 1903.
JRunge and Precht, Ann. Physik., IV, 12, 407 (1903).
§British Association Report, 1880, 275. Vide also Lockyer .'ind
Prankland, Proc. Roy. Soc, 27, 288 (1869).
II** The Influence of Temperature upon the Spectrum; Analytical
Observations and Measurements," Licbig's Annalen, 238, 57;
Chem. News, 56, 51.
39^ SBCTION C.
not be neglected and ignored, but must be considered by every
chemist who wishes to make correct spectroscopic observa-
tions." It is well known to spectroscopists that band spectra
are obtained at temperatures intermediate between those
required for the production of continuous spectra ajid line
spectra.'*' The explanations of these facts do not concern us
at present.
It has been shown by the researches of Newton, Dale,
Gladstone, Jamin, Schrauff, Landolt, and others that the
refractive power increases in all liquids, except in water,
between o** and 4** with the increase of density — ^that is, with
decrease of temperature. Rydberg showed that various solid
bodies, such as quartz and aragonite, follow the same law.
There are some exceptions, however. Among these is glass,
as proved by Arago and Neumann prior to Rydberg. ** On a
rise of temperature all phenomena of absorption or emission
are displaced toward the violet with the glass prism, but
toward the red with quartz prisms. These displacements are
the greater the more refrangible the region of the spectrum in
which they occur. " As the result of a large number of obser-
vations, Kriiss learned that by a variation of 25®, marked
changes would be observed in the spectroscopic lines.
From a table given, it could be seen that errors may spring
from neglect of the temperature (of the instrument) in stat-
ing wave-lengths, since a rise of 5" is sufficient to transfer the
Di to the position Da. Roscoe obtained an entirely new
spectrum with the metal sodium whereby it appears that this
metal exists in a gaseous state in four different degrees of
aggregation, as a simple molecule, and as three or four or
eight molecules together.
Griinwald in a series of papers on his theory of spectrum
analysist endeavors ' ' to discover relations between the spectra
♦Spectrum Analysis, Landauer, English translation by Tingle,
p. 70.
fa. '*Uber das Wasserspectrum, das Hydrogen — und Oxygen
spectrum," Phil. Mag.. 24, 304 (1887).
b. "Math. Spectralanalyse des Magnesiums und der Kohle."
Monatshefte fUr Chemie, 8, 650.
c. "Math. Spectralanalyse des Kadmiunis," Monatshefte fiir
Chemie, 9, 956.
CHARLES BASRERVILLE. 399
and thus to arrive at simpler, if not fundamental, ** elements."
He came to the conclusion that '* all the so-called elements
are compotmds of the primary elements a and 6" (coronium
and helium). Ames,* having called attention to the use of
uncorrected data by Grtinwald, remarks, *'The concave-
grating gives the only accurate method of determining the
ultra-violet wave-lengths of the elements; and as a con-
sequence of not using it most of the tables of wave-lengths so
far published are not of much value. "
Hutchins and Holden,t after a comparative study of the
arc spectra of metals and the sun with a twenty-one foot focal
Rowland grating, state: '*We are convinced that there is
much in the whole matter of coincidences of metallic and solar
lines that needs re-examination; that something more than
the mere coincidence of two or three lines out of many is
necessary to establish even the probability of the presence of a
metal in the sun. With the best instruments the violet
portion of the solar spectrum is found to be so thickly set
with fine lines that, if a metallic line were projected upon it
at random, in many places the chances for a coincidence
would be even, and coincidences could not fail to occur in
case of such metals as cerium and vanadium, which give
hundreds of lines in the arc. "
** Moreover, a high dispersion shows that very few lines of
metals are simple and short, but, on the contrary, winged and
nebulous, and complicated by a great variety of reversal phe-
nomena. A 'line' is sometimes half an tnch wide on the
photographic plate, or it may be split into ten by reversals."
Lockyer maintained that the lines of certain substances
vary not only in length and in number, but also in brilliancy
and in breadth, depending upon the quantity of the substance
as well as temperature. J Being unable to decompose the
elements in the laboratory, he studied the spectra of the stars.
The spectra of the colder stars§ show many more metals,
♦Am. Chem. J., ii, 138 (1889).
t**On the Existence of Certain Elements, Together with the
Discovery of Platinum in the Sun." Am. Jour. Sci.; Sci. Am.
Supp.. 25, 628, iSS9.
•JRoy. Soc. Proc, 61, 148, 183; Chem. News, 79, 145.
§Chem. News, 79, 147.
400 SECTION C.
but no metalloids, whereas the coldest stars, A, Oriants,
show the Crookes' spectrum of metalloids which are com-
pounds. None of the metalloids are found in the spectniin
pf the sun. Over 100,000 visual observations and 2,000 pho-
tographs were made in the researches.
Liveing,* as the result of the work of Young, Dewar.
Fievez and himself on the spectrum of the sun, by which some
lines were resolved with a new instrument, which they before
had not been able to devise, comments on Lockyer's work.
That the coincidence of rays emitted by different chemical
elements, especially when developed in the spark of a power-
ful induction coil, and the high temperature of the sun and
stars, gives evidence of a common element in the compositiQa
of the metals which produce the coincident rays. **This
result cannot fail to shake our belief, if we had any, in the ex-
istence of any common constituent in the chemical elements,
but it does not touch the evidence which the spectroscope
affords us that many of our elements, in the state in which
we know them, may have a very complex molecular structure."
Hartley t in his recent admirable address said :
"I have always experienced great difficulty in accepting
the view that because the spectrum of an element contained
a line or lines in it which were coincident with a line or lines
in another element, it was evidence of the dissociation of
the elements into simpler forms of matter. In my opinion,
evidence of the compound nature of the elements has never
been obtained from the coincidence of a line or lines exclus-
ively belonging to the spectrum of one element with a line
or lines in the spectrum exclusively belonging to another
element. This view is based upon the following grounds:
First, because the coincidences have generally been shown
to be only apparent, and have never been proved to be real;
secondly, because the great difficidty of obtaining one kind
♦Address before the Chemical Section of the British Association,
Scientific American Supplement, 14, 356, 1882,
iLoc. cit.
CHARLBS BASKERVILLE. 4OI
of matter entirely free from every other kind of matter
is so great that where coincident lines occur in the spectra
of what have been believed to be elementary substances,
they have been shown from time to time to be caused by
traces of foreign matter, such as by chemists are commonly
termed impurities ; thirdly, no instance has ever been recorded
of any homologous group of lines belonging to one element
occurring in the spectrum of another, except and alone where
the one has been shown to constitute an impurity in the
other; as, for instance, where the triplet of zinc is found in
cadmium and the triplet of cadmium in zinc, the three
strongest lines in the quintuple group of magnesium is graph-
ite, and so on. The latest elucidation of the cause of co-
incidence of this kind arises out of a tabulated record from
the wave-length measurements of about three thousand lines
in the spectra of sixteen elements made by Adeney and
myself. The instances where lines appeared to coincide
were extremely rare; but there was one remarkable case of
a group of lines in the spectrum of copper which appeared
to be common to tellurium; also lines in indium, tin, anti-
mony, and bismuth, which seemed to have an origin in com-
mon with those of tellurium."
The last sentence presents the point I wish to emphasize.
Tellurium has long obtruded itself before a satisfactory
vision of the natural system. The table (given below) alone
recites not a few efforts to obtain the contaminating constituent
of tellurium which h priori is present from Hartley's observa-
tions (see also Grunwald, 1889, Table). The fractionation
of a rubiditim-caesium mixture, perhaps, is a simpler problem
than that confronting Pellini,* who reports a definite amount
of an element with a high atomic weight (about 214) similar
to and associated with tellurium.
What has been said applies especially to the elements of the
rare earth class — "asteriods of the terrestrial family'* — as
phrased by Crookes. Many of them have not been secured
*Gaz. Chim. ital. 33, 11, 35.
402 SECTION C.
with sufficient purity to claim an inherent spectrum ; further.
the spectra attributed have not been obtained under uniform
conditions.
I have referred* somewhat in detail elsewhere to the
factors producing variations in the absorption, as well as
the advantages and disadvantages of the phosphorescent
and reversal spectra.
Without doubt the spectroscopic criteria are the most
valuable we have in judging finally the elements, and, mayhap,
will remain so; but in my hiunble opinion such have not
alone sufficient authority, as yet, to usher the aspirant to a
place among the elect. The contention frames itself, however,
in an expression of the need for uniformity.
Whether we follow the most advanced metaphysioo-
chemical teachings or no, if there be any one concept upon
which modem practical chemical thought depends it is the
law of definiteness of composition. There may be, and
doubtless are, definite, perhaps invariable, properties of our
elements other than their combining proportions, the atomic
weights, if you please, yet, as far as we know, they approxi-
mate more closely than any fixed, if not permanent, ratios.
Many of these values, by which we lay such store, are de-
pendent upon datat in which, I venture the assertion, too great
confidence has been bestowed, or opinions to which sufficient
attention has not been given.
Although in this connection we shall give little heed to
the suggested variability of the relative values, it may be
remarked that Boutlerow, noting the variations observed
in 1880 by Schiitzenberger, who, by the use of different atomic
weights, obtained analyses summing 10 1 instead of 100,
expressed the opinion that the chemical value of a constant
weight, or rather mass of an element, may vary; that the so-
called atomic weight of an element may be simply the carrier
♦The Rare Earth Crusade, he. cit.
tOthers have been referred to in the address to which this is a
sequel. Loc. cit.
CHARLES BASKBRVILLB. 403
of a certain amoxint of chemical energy which is variable
within narrow limits (see also Crookes). Wurtz's summary
of Boutlerow's views, at a meeting of the Chemical Society
of Paris, provoked an interesting discussion. Cooke later
published a statement that he had expressed similar views
more than twenty-five years before. That is, in 1855 he had
questioned the absolute character of the law of definite pro-
portions and had suggested that the variability was occasioned
"by the very weak alHinity between elements manifesting a
fluctuating composition. Without doubt "The Possible Sig-
nificance of Changing Atomic Volume/'* in which a sugges-
tion as to the probable source of the heat of chemical com-
bination is put forward by T. W. Richards, bears directly
upon this phase of the problem.
While the atomic mass values depend directly upon the
ratio between the constituents of the compounds, they rest
equally upon the molecular weights. Many of the latter
attributed to salts of some of the rare earths depend solely
npon the specifict heat determinations of Hillebrand and
Norton, t Nilson and Pettersson,S who, in the light of subse-
quent investigations, we know worked with complexes. To
be sure, those elements, which were apparently exceptions
to the law of Dulong and Petit, possess low atomic weights
(beryllium, boron, carbon, silicon, aluminum and stdphur),
and have for the most part been brought into harmony. ' ' The
specific heats of all substances vary with the temperature at
which they are measured, and though the variation is often
slight, it is occasionally of relatively great dimensions. When
this is so in the case of an element the question arises: At
what temperature must the measurement of the specific heat
be made in order to get numbers comparable with those of
the other elements? No definite answer has been given to
*Proc. Am. Acad. Arts and Sciences, 37, i (1901), and 27, 399
(1902).
fBericbte, 13, 1461 (1880).
|Pogg. Annal., 156, and following.
fBericbte. 13, 146 (z88o).
404 SECTION C.
this question, but it is found that as the temperature rises
the specific heat seems to approach a limiting value, and this
value is not in general far removed from that which would
make the atomic heat approximately equal 6.4."* In view of
this, allotropism and the work of Richards adverted to, it
appears that a revision of the specific heat values now taken
is necessary before we can accept fully this law which has
been most helpful.
Time will not admit of detailed statements, and it is unnec-
essary in this presence to more than call attention to the
fact that what has been said is not applicable to each specific
case. *'La critique est facile, tnais I* art est difficile, " as Berthe-
lott has said, yet we must appreciate that all our laws have
their limitations. '^Man being servant and interpreter of
nature, can do and understand so much and so much only,
as he has observed in fact or in thought in the course of
nature. Beyond this he neither knows anything nor can do
anything, "t
A glance at the extensive, even censored, list of claimants
will evoke serious thought. '*Thus was the building left
ridiculous. '*§ The difficulties briefly outlined and the causes
for lack in uniformity, are by no means insurmountable,
but will continue until more systematic direction and prose-
cution of the work come about. Investigators in pure
chemistry, as a rule, hold professorships, or other positions
making equal demand upon their time. Furthermore, it is
extremely rare that one man can become a master of the
various delicate operations hinted at. Mallet | made a propo-
sition for systematizing atomic weight work, and F. W.
*" Introduction to Physical Chemistry," James Walker, London.
P- 33-
f'Les Origines de I'Alchimie,*' Paris, 1885.
J Bacon's Novum Organum, Aphorism I.
fMilton, "Tower of Babel."
|Stas Memorial Lecture, Chemical Society (London), delivered
December 13, 1892,
CHARLES BASKERVILLE. 405
Clarke in this country* and abroadt has urged the establish-
ment of an institute for its prosecution. This appeals to all
interested in what we are pleased to term the exact sciences,
and doubtless in time will come about. For the time being,
however, it is not unreasonable to suppose that a concerted
appeal of the chemists of this country to the direction of
the munificent endowment recently made American Science
for funds to clarify the elemental enigma presented above
^would not be in vain. There are splendidly equipped chemical
-departments in some of our great American universities
which would make room for, and cordially welcome, I am
sure, a selected corps of supported researchers, who would
test the claims of each of these and other elemental aspirants.
Such a community of effort should receive even greater
substantial assistance from governments and corporations
than has been accorded individuals. I need only refer to
the aid given the Curies by the Austrian government and
generosity shown by the Welsbach Lighting Company in
this country to several investigators, especially myself.
It must be evident to all that we are not indulging in special
pleading, for every phase of that division of science designated
-chemistry rests upon what we choose to term the elements.
Victor Meyert referring to the phantasies of science, said:
**He, however, who only knows chemistry as a tradition of
perfectly clear facts, or who thinks to see the real soul of
chemical study in measuring physical phenomena which
accompany chemical transformations, feels no breath of this
enjoyment." Reflecting upon the good and ill that have
come to us through unrestrained imagination, we may give
a careful acceptance of Newton's "Physics, beware of meta-
physics," for as Clifford wrote, "Doubtless there shall by
*Presidential Address before the American Chemical Society.
t Wilde Lecture at the Dalton Centenary, Manchester, 1903.
tLecture on **The Chemical Problems of To-day," before the
Association of German Naturalists and Physicians at Heidelberg.
September, 1889; Chemical News, 61, 21.
•
^o6 SECTION C.
and by be laws as far transcending those we know as they do
the simplest observations."
The graphic representation of the elements, **the founda-
tion stones of the material universe which amid the wreck
of composite matter remained unbroken and unworn," as
Maxwell gracefully spoke of them, has often been mistaken
for the periodic law. Camelley's ''reasonable explanations"
of the periodic law were given a respectful hearing and for-
gotten.*
** Granting that the chemical characteristics of an element
are connected with its atomic weight, we have, however, no
right to assume them to be dependent upon that fact alone."
(Liveing). Hinrichs says weight and form,t concerning
the latter of which I am ignorant. No doubt the pendulum
lately has swung back toward Berzelian thought revivified
by the like masters, Van't Hoff and Arrhenius.
Le Verrier predicted the planet Neptune and his predictions
were verified. While all of MendelejeflF's predictions, specific
and tacit, have not been verified, some have. Ramsay J
and others without a periodic guide, predicted certain of
the inert gases, which predictions have been verified.
Victor Meyer, in speaking of the completion of the Mendelejefi
table, calls attention to the summing up of one himdred ele-
ments, from which it appears that 258 would be the limit
to our atomic mass equivalents. I am not prepared to
positively contradict such a conclusion at the present time,
but there are reasons for thinking otherwise.
Clarke § has shown that the mean density of the earth, 5.5
'*'He regarded the elements as compounds of carbon and aether
analogous to the hydrocarbon radicals, and suggested that all
known bodies are made up of three primary elements — carbon^
hydrogen and aether; truly an assumption which cannot be dis-
proved. Aberdeen Meeting, British Association.
fAtom Mechanics, Hinrichs, Vol. I, St. Louis, 1894, p. 242.
^Address before the Chemical Section, British Association »
Toronto Meeting (1898).
§**The Relative Abundance of the Chemical Elements," F. W.
Clarke. Read before the Philosophical Society of Washington.
Oct. 26, 1899; Chem. News, 62, 31.
CHARLES BASKBRVILLE. 407
to 5.6, is more than double that of the rocky crust, and **the
difference may be accounted for as a result of pressure, or
by supposing that, as the globe cooled, the heavier elements
accumulated towards the center." While it is quite impos-
sible to judge of the order of this intramundane pressure, I
am not aware of such marked changes being brought about
in the specific gravities of the heavier solid elements or their
compounds either by pressure, allotropic or isomeric changes,
except the cerebral argentaurum of the late S. H. Emmens.*
The examinations of volcanic dusts by Hartley,! FleetJ and
others appear to contradict the latter explanation, although
we are unable to state the depth, perhaps within the shell,
considered by Clarke, at which volcanoes begin their boister-
ous activity. While awaiting a fulfilment of Martinez's§ pro-
ject to explore the earth's center, we may offer a third solution,
not wholly unscientific, as it can do no harm, and has naught
to do with any yellow peril in science, namely, the existence
of elements with atomic weights higher than those set by
the silent limit of periodic tables.
**Most molecules — probably all — are wrecked by intense
heat, or in other words, by intense vibratory motion, and
many are wrecked by a very impure heat of the proper
quality. Indeed, a weak force, which bears a considerable
relation to the construction of the molecule, can, by timely
savings and accumulation, accomplish what a strong force
out of relation fails to achieve.'!
As hinted at in the earlier portion of this unduly pro-
longed address, many have theorized as to the ultimate
composition of matter. The logic of Larmor'sf theory,
involving the idea of an ionic substratum of matter, the sup-
* Argentaurum papers published by Emmens, New York.
tRoyal Society, Feby. 21, 1901; Chem. News, 83, 174.
JAbstr. Proc. Geol. Soc. 1902, 117. Journ. Chem. Soc. (Land)
81-82, ii, 518 (1902).
§La Nature, Sc. Am. Sup., 21, 546 (1886).
HTyndall in Longman's Magazine.
^Phil. Mag., December, 1897, 506.
t
4oS SECTION C.
port of J. J. Thomson's* experiments, the confirmation of
Zeeman's phenomenon, the emanations of Rutherford,
Martin 'st explanations, cannot fail to cause credence in the
correctness of Crooke's idea of a fourth state of matter4
In the inaugural address as President of the British Associa-
tion (1898), he acknowledges in the mechanical construction
of the Roentgen ray tubes a suggestion by Silvanus Thompson
to use for the anti-cathode a metal of high atomic weight.
Osmium and iridium were used, thorium tried and in 1S96
Crookes obtained better results with metallic uranium than
platinum.
These and the facts that most of the elements with high
atomic weights, in fact all above 200 (thallium not reported
on),§ exhibit radio-active properties, are doubtless closely
associated and have to do with the eventual composition of
matter. I have unverified observations which go to show
the existence of at least one element with a very high atomic
weight. If it be confirmed, then we have them now or they
are making, and probably breaking up, as shown by that
marvellous class of elements in the discovery of which the
Curies have been pioneers.
If our ideas, that all known elements come from some
primordial material, be true, then it stands to reason that
we are coming in tinie, perhaps, to that fixed thing, a frozen
ether, the fifth state of matter. I may make use of dangerous
analogy and liken our known elements, arranged in a per-
fected, natural system, as the visible material spectrum,
while electrons, etc., constitute the ultra-violet and cosmyle
composes the infra-red, either one of the latter by proper
conditions being convertible into perceptible elemental matter.
No positive evidence supports these ideas, but I like to fancy
♦Phil. Mag.. October, 1897, 312.
tChcm. News, 85, 205 (1902).
JPhil. Trans. II (188), 433-
§See the exquisite paper by Madame Curie on "Radio-active
Substances;" also "Radio-active Lead," Hofmann and Strauss,
Berichte. 34, 3033, Pellini {loc.cit.) on "Radio-active Tellurium,"
Strutt, Phil. Mag., 6, 113, Elster and Geitle, Giesel, Marckwald,
etc., etc.
CHARLES BASKERVILLE. 409
scientific endeavor as the sea, calm and serene, supporting
and mirroring that which is below it, bearing that which is
upon it, reaching to and reflecting that which is above it,
moving all the while; yet, torn and rent at times by conflict
from without and contest within, it runs; it beats against
the shores of the unknown, making rapid progress here,
meeting stubborn resistance there, compassing it, to destroy
but to rebuild elsewhere; and the existence of those within
it! "Like that of Paul, our life should be a consecrated
unrest."
4IO
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PAPERS READ.
The following papers were read before the American Chemical
Society and Section C, in joint session.]
The Ternary System, Benzene, Acetic Acid and Water. By
\. F. Lincoln.
Thermombtric Analysis op Solid Phases. By Wilder D.
Bancroft.
A Method of Grading Soaps as to their Dbterobnt Power.
By H. W. Hillyer.
The Determination op Gliadin in Wheat Plour by Means op
THE Polariscope. By Harry Snyder.
Factors op Availability of Potash and Phosphoric Acid in
Soils. By G. S. Praps.
Thirty Years* Progress in Water Analysis. By Ellen H.
Richards.
A Study of the Nitrogenous Constituents of Meats. By
H. S. Grindley.
Some Double Salts op Lead. By John White.
444 SECTION C.
The Theory op Valence. By G. B. Frankporter.
The Theory op Double Salts. By James Locke.
Werner's Theory of Valence and the Constitution of Com-
POUNDS. By J. E. Teeple.
Solubility op Gold in Certain Oxidizing Agents. By Victor
Lenhbr.
On a Method for Preparing Salts with a Definite Number
OF Molecules of Water of Crystallization. By Launce-
LOT W. Andrews.
An Interesting Deposit prom City Water Pipes. By E. H.
S. Bailey.
A Method op Determining the Total Carbon of Coal. Soil*
etc. By S. W. Parr.
The Application of Physical Chemistry to the Study op Uric
Acid in Urine. By F. H. McCruden.
Investigation op the Bodies called Fiber and Carbohy-
drates IN Feeding Stuffs, with a Tentative Detbrmina>
TiON of the Components of Each. By P. Schweitzer.
PAPERS READ. 445
The Dielectric Constants op some Inorganic Solvents. Bv
Herman Schlundt.
Concentration Cells in Liquid Ammonia. By Hamilton P.
Cady.
The Action of Ammonia upon Solutions op Copper Sulphate.
By James Locke.
Phosphorescent Thorium Oxide. By Charles Baskervillb.
On the Action of Radium Compounds on Rare Earth Oxides
and the Preparation of Permanently Luminiferous Prep-
arations BY the Mixing of the Former with Powdered
Substances. By Charles Baskerville and Geo. P. Kunz.
Action t)F Ultra-Violet Light on Rare Earth Oxides. By
Charles Baskervillb.
The Ripening op Apples. By W. D. Bigblow, H. C. Gorb
AND B. J. Howard.
Dissociation Phenomena of the Alkylb Haloids and of thb
Monatomic Alcohols. By John Uric Nef.
Synthesis of the Quinoline Series. By Edward Bartow.
The Life of a Barley Corn. By Arvid Nilson.
SECTION D.
Mechanical Science and Engineering.
OFFICERS OF SECTION D.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section.
Calvin M. Woodward, St. Louis, Mo.
Secretary.
Wm. T. Magrudbr, Columbus, Ohio.
Member of Council.
J. BuRKiTT Webb.
Sectional Committee.
C. A. Waldo, Vice-President, 1903; El wood Mb ad, Secretary.
1903; C. M. Woodward, Vice-President. 1904; Wm. T. Ma-
grudbr, Secretary, 1904.
Mansfield Merriman, i year; J. B. Webb, 2 years; H. S. Jacobt.
3 years; H. T. Eddy, 4 years; Wm. Kent, 5 years.
Member of General Committee.
G. W. Bissbll.
Press Secretary.
Wm. T. Magrudbr.
ADDRESS
BY
C, A. WALDO,
VICE-PRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN OF SECTION D FOR 1903.
MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING.
A few years ago technical education as we now tmderstand
it was unknown in America. We have now in our midst
more than 20,000 students preparing themselves distinctively
for the engineering profession.
While the technical schools of the country have had a
development which for rapidity, strength and importance
partakes of the marvelous, their rise and growth have been
profoundly influencing the thought as well as the welfare of
the nation. Especially in the domain of mathematics have
they had a directing and vivifying influence which is little
short of a revolution. To-day mathematics wishes no stronger
reason for her existence and no stronger call to her cultiva-
tion than the fact that she is the unchallenged doorkeeper
to the appreciation and mastery of the physical sciences,
both in their theory and in their application by the engineer
to the constructive arts.
The time is passed when mathematics is referred to by the
thinkers of the day as being principally a discipline. It is,
of course, true that, rightly pursued, mathematics is a dis-
cipline, but it is far more, it is a knowledge, a tool, a power,
a civilizer. The day is gone when on the one hand the stu-
dent, Chinese fashion, learns his geometry word for word
450 SECTION D.
from cover to cover, or memorizes all the demonstrations of
his analytic geometry down to the last index and subscript, or,
on the other hand, when the devotee of a cult toasts his favorite
subject with the words * * Here's to the higher mathematics,
may they never be tiseful."
To the workaday world the higher ranges of mathematics
have been a sealed book; the man who traverses them suc-
cessfully a magician — a man whose mental occupations
awaken mingled feelings of awe and pity, awe that he can
soar so high, pity that he wastes his strength in such useless
flight. A generation ago the mathematician was joined in
hand with the Roman and the Greek, and the three easily
persuaded the educational world that they were the divine
trio. Without them for a basis there could be nothing
but a sham college course. Why it was that these three
lines of study held such a commanding and for the most part
unchallenged position it is now difficult for us to say. Pos-
sibly they gained higher esteem as means of mental discipline
because their most ardent votaries so seldom succeeded in
making them directly useful except in certain narrow pro-
fessional lines. Of the men in college courses who studied
required mathematics beyond trigonometry, very few gained
any vital conception of analytic geometry and the calculus.
To most collegians the mass of symbols with which they
juggled in pursuing these subjects was a distressing night-
mare, a matter of jest and to be forgotten with all possible
speed.
Our colleges to-day have seen a great light, and have re-
formed their curricula. They now know there is no dis-
cipline in the pursuit of mathematics to the man who does
not understand its language. Early in his course, if not
throughout it, the student is allowed the more rational way
of getting his education — by pursuing subjects that he can
understand. This sensible treatment of educational ma-
terial has grown up during the development of technical
colleges, and may be referred in a measure at least to th«ir
influence. Certainly great advance in the teaching of mathe-
matics has recently been made, yet very much remains to be
C. A. WALDO. 451
■done, and the next great forward movement seems to be
coming directly from the engineers and the forces they are
•setting in operation.
The literature on the question of reform in the teaching
•of mathematics is growing rapidly. In 1901, John Perry,
Professor of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Royal Col-
lege of Science, London, and Chairman of the Board of Ex-
aminers of the Board of Education in Engineering and
Mathematics, produced a profound impression upon the
British Association by a paper on *'The Teaching of Mathe-
matics." His ideas require attention further along. In
"Germany, Nerst and Schoenflies, for example, have met the
thought of the hour in their Einfiihrung in die Mathema-
•tische Behandlung der Naturwissenchaften. In our own
-country Perry centers are springing up for the reformation
and profound improvement, if not revolution, of mathematical
teaching in our secondary schools. In the west the apostle
of this movement is Professor E. H. Moore, of Chicago Uni-
versity. One needs only to read his admirable presidential
address before the American Mathematical Society in New
York, almost a year ago, to understand the full meaning and
•extent of the changes sought.
The address will be found in the number of the Bulletin
of the American Mathematical Society for last May, and it
will repay a careful perusal on the part of those of you who
have not read it. Professor Moore has been counted as a
pure mathematician of the most pronounced type, but into
this new movement he has thrown himself with the ardor
of one whose whole life had been spent in applying a wide
range of mathematical power to the design and construction
of the great objects of engineering. If the reformation which
has been planned and begun shall go on to completion, the
mathematical teaching in the secondary schools of the middle
west will have little resemblance ten years hence to the work
of to-day.
Arithmetic, algebra, geometry and trigonometry will no
longer be set off in ''water-tight compartments," but will
all be demanded in various combinations for the solution of
45 2 SBCTION D.
single elementary problems. Squared and polar co-ordinate
paper will represent the facts to the eye in geometrical
sjmibolism, and at the same time will give a practical introduce
tion to the fundamental ideas of anal3rtics and the calculus.
By pursuing through the four years of secondary school life
a carefully selected and properly graded problem course
the pupil will review the whole range of elementary mathe^
matical truth and become familiar with it not only in theory
but also in practice. He will never be asking, "What tisc?"^
But with the enthusiasm which original investigation only
can arouse he will find his educational material in the simpler
problems of the shop, the store, the farm, the bank, the rail-
road, the steamboat, the steam engine, the electric motor^
political economy, geodesy, astronomy, time, space, force,
and so on through the range of the elementary aspects of the
things of daily thought and experience in this complex
and highly developed life of ours. Such a change caimot be
perfected in a day. No inferior or untrained teacher can
succeed with it. Elementary work should be in the hands of
those who have come into living contact with some of the
deep, broad problems of chemistry, of physics and of engi-
neering, demanding for their solution a large acquaintance
with the higher ranges of mathematics. In turn colleges
and universities which strive to train such teachers must
revise their mathematical courses and adjust themselves
to these new ideas.
In many of our leading institutions exactly that thing is
occurring, stimulated perhaps in the first place by the great
demand of technical colleges for mathematicians in sym-
pathy with engineering ideas.
Those who are dealing with freshmen in colleges are asking
the question: '*What is the matter with our preparatory
schools?" If you wish to see this question strongly formu-
lated and illustrated read the Commencement Address of
1903 by President Ira Remsen at Mount Holyoke College.
This is the indictment of the schools, that they tise, largely
to the exclusion of the thought element, a mass of formal
and conventional educational material, and thus paralyze
thought and crowd out natural mental growth.
C. A. WALDO. 453
In the grades the clear, keen, accurate thinking pf child-
liood soon disappears and does not usually show itself again
nintil the laboratory or the practical problems of life make
it once more dominant. We refer to President Remsen's
question only so far as it relates to mathematical training.
"The technical schools long ago recognized the barren results
of primary and secondary mathematical instruction and have
been deeply interested in its improvement. Most keenly
this barrenness of earlier years has come to the engineer
who must subject himself to the long hard discipline necessary
in his profession for the successftd solution of his original and
independent problems. Yet certain people seem to look
askance upon the engineer and discover no advancement of
science in the design of an entirely new machine to carry
out an entirely novel idea. According to their notion,
Whitney was not a scientist when he invented the cotton
:gin, nor Fulton when he constructed the first steamboat, nor
Morse when he perfected the telegraph.
This was all pure commercialism. Even if these worthies
•cared nothing for the financial side of their work, and only
•sought to serve and benefit their fellow men, they could not
l>e classified with the man who describes an unrecorded bug,
or the one who makes a new but useless chemical compound.
The latter work without the hope of direct money return for
their labors. Therefore, theirs is the true method and the
superior life, even when their disinterested consecration to
science is mingled with a hope that a little fame will bring
them an increase in salary from some practical person or per-
sons who appreciate their unselfish efforts.
However all of this may be, we know that the essence of
any engineering work worthy the name is its independence.
With this there is usually some degree of originality, as it sel-
dom happens that the same problem repeats itself in every
particular. What is more, with the independence and
originality of the engineer must come character, confidence
in his own mental processes, and a willingness to shoulder
responsibility in embodying his conclusions. A scientist
may announce his discovery of the tidal evolution of the moon
454 SECTION D.
and yet be forgiven if later it should be shown that he is in
error. Not so with the engineer. When his bridge falls
tinder prescribed conditions of safe load, his own ruin as well
as that of his structure is complete. Of all men living the
intellectual Ufe the engineer is the one most interested in.
sotind and logical training for his profession, and most intol-
erant of all shams. It is not surprising then that the one sub-
ject in secondary schools whose natural purpose is to train
the student to severe logical and productive thinking should
respond most fully to his influence. Neither is it surprising,
tnat from the ranks of the engineers should come the reformer
who sees clearly the defects of our present mathematical
work in the lower grades and who is moving powerfully to
secure better conditions.
We may sum up what now seem to be the best ideals in
secondary mathematics as follows:
These ideals come from the engineering professions.
They insist upon quality rather than quantity.
They insist that the thought shall precede the form; that
the symbol shall not conceal the thing symbolized.
They insist that systematic and progressive problems
based upon everyday experience and observation shall be
to a much greater extent the materials of education.
They insist that the problems shall be largely concrete and
shall be worked out to an accurate ntimerical restdt.
They demand that the several elementary mathematical
subjects from arithmetic to the calculus shall develop side
by side in the boy's mind.
They demand that the mastery of these subjects shall be
more the work of the judgment than of the memory.
They demand that from first to last, at least dxiring the
secondary period, mathematical ability and the ability to
think clearly, investigate closely, and conclude correctly
shall develop together, and to the extent that four well
spent years will on the average permit.
Those who formtdate these ideals contend that they lead
to the correct mathematical training for all professions and
all careers.
C. A. WALDO. 455
It remains for us to consider the mathematical courses in
our technical colleges. What is their relation to the develop-
ment of the engineer? What shall they include? How
shall they be administered? These are not new questions,
neither has the last word been said in answer to them. Fif-
teen years spent in directing engineering mathematics gives
the writer some excuse to undertake some further discussion
of them.
Important contributions along this line were made by
Professor Mansfield Merriam in 1894 and Professor Henry
T. Eddy in 1897, whose articles are published in the Proceed-
ings of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education,
the second and fifth volumes. But among the most sug-
gestive discussions during the last year, as well as all previous
years, are the papers of some of our brightest electrical
engineers presented at the joint meeting last July at Niagara
Falls of the Society just mentioned and of the American
Institute of Electrical Engineers, and published this year
in the proceedings of both societies. To those interested
in finding the best educational conditions leading to the
average as well as the most important engineering operations
of the day these papers come with peculiar weight and au-
thority. Judging from the expressions of opinion contained in
them the active engineer in his occupation, at least, cares
nothing for the philosophic basis of the concept of number,
nor for the geometry of non-Euclidean space, nor for Grass-
man's stufe of the 5th or 6th degree, nor for computations of
plane triangles when the sum of the angles is less than 180
degrees. These subjects may and should interest the pro-
fessional mathematician, but the engineer asks first for the
ability to use numbers rapidly and to carry numerical compu-
tations, no matter how complex, to an accurate conclusion.
As for ordinary mathematics, including of course elementary
geometry, algebra and trigonometry, the engineer should
know them "as he knows the currency of his native cotmtry.
In other words, he ought to be able to make change with ease,
quickness and accuracy — not as if one were in a foreign
country in a constant state of painful reckoning."
45^ SECTION D.
On a basis of barter modem business would be strangled.
The very existence of commerce in the modem sense, in
which the line of cost and profit is so finely drawn, would be
utterly impossible without a standard currency. So with-
out mathematics engineering would be a mass of empiricism
and tradition. Instead of a pioneer leading the way in the
progress of the peoples it would be an outcast trailing in the
rear of every science.
This proposition that mathematics is the very bone and
sinew of an engineering course needs no discussion. It is
everywhere conceded. The extent and nature of the mathe-
matical element in the curriculum, however, are two de-
cided fiuents with curves of opposite slope. More mathematics
but fewer kinds seems to be the tendency. The opinion
appears to be gaining ground that the purely descriptive and
highly specialized and professionalized elements in our
technical courses should be reduced, while more subjects
with a mathematical basis, with long unbroken continuity and
bound together with a strong logical element should com-
mand the attention of the student to the end of his under-
graduate period.
Upon the question what mathematical subjects shall the
undergraduate courses include in our technical colleges, opin-
ions are decidedly at variance. Upon the four ordinary
elementary subjects the sentiment is practically unanimous,
but these should be principally taught in the secondary
schools. The practical people, however, are inclined to relegate
analytic geometry and the calculus to the scrap pile.
To such subjects as vectors, theory of functions, theory
of groups, they allow no place whatever.
One cannot but feel that this verdict against analytic
geometr}^ and the elementary calculus, not to mention higher
subjects, ig a great pity. Especially does it seem true when
we recall that instruction in these two lines forms the princi-
pal mathematical element of the second and third years of
the ordinary technical course, and that the calculus itself is
probably the most powerful and wonderful tool for investiga
tion that the genius of man has ever contrived.
C. a: WALDO. 457
The student of mathematics who has reflected deeply upon
the meaning and interpretation of its symbolic language
knows that man in his struggle for the mastery and direc-
tion of nature's laws and processes has no more subtle and
no more powerful ally than he finds in the calculus. The
other subjects leading to it are conventional and highly arti-
ficial, but with this one we return to simplicity and operate
"with perfect ease and freedom in the realms of time, space
-and force.
As we find nature operating by growth, and force by in-
sensible gradations, so over against that the calculus is the
science of continuous number. Why then does the mathe-
matician find so much in this, his favorite subject, while the
practical engineer, even the one of great ability, proficiency
and success, is inclined to think that time spent upon it is
ii^rasted or at least not employed to the best advantage?
Why this great divergency in conviction?
No one will doubt the ability of our best mathematical
instructors nor their perfect familiarity with the matter they
are teaching. But are analytics and the calculus — especially
the latter — presented to the average student in the best
way ? Does not the former smother the thought element and
leave nothing but routine machine work upon symbols?
As the student learns laboriously how to find the first deriva-
tive of a wide range of rider problems has he a faint conception
even of what it is all about? Sir William Thompson, you
know, said he did not understand an equation until he could
make a model of it. Is the average student able to make a
model of his operations with the differential calculus ? And
when he takes up the integral calculus and begins his attack
upon a mass of algebraic and transcendental functions,
using at times devices of great complexity and extreme re-
finement, does he usually walk by sight or by faith? Does
he not often go forward on long and painful journeys in utter
darkness as to the meaning of it all, trusting, hoping, pray-
ing that by and by his teacher and his text-book will land him
on solid ground, and in the clear light to revel and operate
in a new world Of thought and action? How many men of
45^ SECTION D.
good natural endowments, who are sorely needed in the higher
ranks of the world's workers, become terrified in this period
of distressing gloom; how many have lost individual initia-
tive and independence and are content thenceforward to
walk not upright, vigorous, aggressive, daring, in the clear
light of right reason, but by faith, himible and submissive !
Why do practical men almost unanimously place calcu-
lus among the dispensable elements of a technical curricu-
lum?
The answer, of course, is very simple: they have never
found any use for it, probably because they have never learned
how to use it. Yet they dare not pronounce against it alto-
gether. They know that Rankine and Maxwell were master
mathematicians, and that through this mastery of the most
powerftd of tools they were able to do for terrestrial, what
Newton and Laplace did for celestial mechanics. In college^
the engineer has not learned to tise the modem tool called the
higher analysis; it remains to him as foreign currency. Out
of college he has not time to learn its use. Are you a teacher
of mathematics and did yo\i pursue the subject under the
direction of a master? Yet how many classes did you your-
self guide through the calctdus before its hidden meanings
its range, its versatility, its power were in any adequate
measure revealed to you? How simple and how majestic
it has now become! But if you were so slow in reaching
the true light, is it to be wondered at that students who go
over the subject but once and under conditions not greatly
superior to those of your own college days should not see clearly
and should not use what they so little understand ! Because,
as matters now stand, the man who does not repeat his course
in calculus many times will fail to appreciate it and use it,
shall we say that it should be cut out of the engineering
courses and its place taken by more algebra, more trigo-
nometry and more descriptive geometry, or shall we retain
it and reform its presentation? The true mathematical
teacher will always vote for the latter proposition, whatever
may be the attitude of the professional man on the faculty
or the pressure from the outside of the practicing engineer.
C. A. WALDO. 459
How then may the higher analysis in our technical schools
be made effective as a true means of discipline and as a tool
with which to equip the engineer in his life of investigation?
It is to be understood that the answer to this question
here is not claimed to be the word nor the last word on so im-
portant a topic. It is a word to be taken for what it is worth.
1. The most effective teaching of the higher analysis will
be possible only when the reforms in mathematical instruc-
tion referred to earlier in this paper have permeated the prin-
cipal secondary schools.
2. The teacher should be saturated with his subject. Not
only should he be strong and apt on the formal side, but more
important still its inner meaning should be clear to him and
its close relation to the phenomena of the objective and sub-
jective life. Some contend that the only man to whom the
mathematics of a technical college can be entrusted is an
engineer. Does that make any difference? Rather are not
these the essential questions: Does the man know his sub-
ject? In his teaching can he assemble from engineering and
other records the material that will vitalize his work? Is
he in sympathy with engineering essentials and ideals?
3. Throughout the college course the teaching should be
mainly concrete. The problem, say from the physical sciences
including engineering, should first be presented to the mind.
It should then be stated in mathematical symbols. The
operations performed upon the symbols shotdd be accom-
panied by drawings or models, the final result reduced to nu-
merical form and then interpreted in language. Upon every
problem the student must bring to bear the whole range of
his acquired powers and be taught to select the shortest
method within his ability.
In other words, all typical problems should receive a
three-fold consideration: (a) its statement in words, and the
statement in words of its solution when effected; (6) its
graphical statement and solution involving geometry and
mechanical drawing with squared paper; (c), its analytic
statement and solution, ending with a numerical result.
4. The purely formal should be presented as a necessity
460 SECTION D.
arising from the so-called practical, and in order that a body
of knowledge and technical ability may be accumtilated which
will give the student easy control over the practical in what-
ever one of its various forms experience shows that it may
arise.
5. The problems chosen should be progressive in character,
and their mastery should amount to a complete laboratory
course in all that part of the higher analysis in which it is de-
sirable that the engineering student should be well versed.
6. The course shotdd be lecture and seminarium and in-
dividual, more after the manner of the German Technische
Hochschule. The text-book should become a book of refer-
ence. The instructor should know clearly and be able to
state accurately the limitations of his methods; but abstruse
discussions of obscure points should be postponed as long as a
<iue regard for logical development will allow. Time is
wasted in removing difficulties whose existence and importance
the student has hot yet recognized.
These are some of the necessary extensions into college
work of the reformation now urged upon the secondary
schools, and though every one of them seems familiar enough
when taken separately, all together their united application
to the mathematical courses in our technical schools amounts
to a departure from our present traditional methods little
short of revolutionary. Yet isn't this the thing our engineers
are demanding, and isn't this the logical way to train an en-
gineer in higher mathematics? Isn't it the way to approach
the higher mathematics anywhere or in any kind of a school?
The pure mathematician may object and exclaim, what
is to become of our curricula which have been evolved after
so many years of intellectual conflict! The rule is so much
algebra, so much geometry, so much trigonometry, so much
analytical geometry and so much calculus. At the end the
student has passed with greater or less success so many for-
mal examinations upon so many formal topics, and his
acquirements are supposed to range somewhere between the
maximum and minimum grade of passing. But are these
the questions which the enlightened educator of to-day is
C. A. WALDO. 461
asking? Is it not, How mtich power f A dry and fruitless
fan:diiiaTity with a number of highly specialised and unre*
lated things cannot be education. The engineers demand that
the unity of the mathematical branches should be emphasized
and that they should accumulate in the soul of the student
not as dry, useless and unrelated facts, but as a magazine
of energy.
Little has been said in this paper about descriptive geome-
try and mechanical drawing as necessary parts of a general
mathematical training. Both of these subjects are of the
highest value as disciplinary studies. They make definite
and eflfective other mathematical material. Is not one
reason for the barrenness of mathematics in university
courses the fact that these subjects, simple though they are,
have been so long neglected? Do we not find one important
explanation of the effectiveness of mathematical training
in technical schools the fact that these subjects are always a
part of their curricula?
You may ask for ^ome definite concrete expression upon
the way that the study of calculus should be undertaken.
This paper will close with an attempt at a brief answer to
this question.
We will suppose that experimentally or otherwise the
student is familiar with the equation of falling bodies, 5 = ^ gf.
By this time also the student must be somewhat skilled
in the use of squared paper and acquainted with this curve
itself through its application to parabolic mirrors or other-
wise. Perhaps our parabola had been studied from its geo-
metrical side as a conic section. It now takes on a symbolic
meaning, for it gives in a certain sense a picture of the first
law of falling bodies. But does the student grasp the full
meaning of the picture ? Using the approximation ^ = 3 2, we
have a numerical equation. The abscissas of the curve rep-
resent elapsed time, the corresponding ordinates represent
total space traversed. At some point on the curve proceed geo-
metrically and analytically to construct the tangent, at every
step making a threefold interpretation, one of the curve, one of
the analysis, and one of the fact connected with these in the
462 SECTION D.
familiar phenomena of a falling body. Show the limiting posi-
tion of the secant, deduce the number towards which your suc-
cessive numerical approximations tend, and connect both of
these with the velocity of the body at the point considered
Draw the tangent and show how it represents uniform ve-
locity. Show that the results reached at one point on iht
curve are general and apply equally well to every point, and
that everywhere on your curve yoiu* geometrical tangent and
your analytic limit interpret each other and give the rate or
velocity of the falling body.
Note that the tangents are changing, that the corre-
sponding numbers are changing, and that these constitute
a rate of change of velocities. Show graphically the
oblique straight line representing the changing velocities.
Give its graphical, its numerical and its nature interpre-
tation. In the same way study the line parallel to the
axis of abscissas representing gravity. Study the graphs
and their relation to each other. Study the series of numbers
restdting from the selection of equal increments along the A-
axis, the relation, therefore, of these operations to the theory
of number series. Connect the first differential coeflficient
with the tangents and with rates, the second w4th the changes
of tangents or of rates of tangents, and thus with the thing
in this problem that produces the changes of velocities, that
is, with the force of gravity. Note the deformation of the
original curve if the resistance of the air had been considered
and its influence accounted for by some simple law. Con-
struct the curve of the body projected upwards. Let up and
down destroy each other, so that the ordinates at each ]x>int
will be the algebraic sum of opposite motions. Note the
point in the curve when the projected body is for an instant
stationary in the air. Observe its connection with the first
differential coefficient. Note the deformation of the curve
due to the resistance of the air acting according to some as-
sumed law.
Similarly, construct approximately the smooth integral
curve which represents the movement of a steam rail-
road train from station to station fifty miles apart. Con-
C. A. WALDO. 463
Tiect the contour of the curve with velocities and with forces,
including in the latter the steam in the cylinder, gravity,
■assisting or retarding, friction and air resistance always re-
tarding. Note how the second differential coefficient carries
us back to steam in the cylinders, the third to the causes
leading to a variation of the artificial forces, such as fuel, skill
in stoking, &c. Pursue maxima and minima problems in the
same way. But now instead of a rate of change directly de-
pendent upon a conventional unit of time we have relative
rates of change, and we quickly enlarge our ideas of the mean-
ing and application of the first and second differential co-
efficient. We can safely begin the formal element of the
subject. Even then we shotdd continue the diagram and
its interpretation though we may be utterly unable to set the
highly artificial equation over against any definite problem
known to exist in nature.
Just as differentiation always has a symbolic interpretation
in tangents and rates, so the integration of any expression
may be interpreted as the finding of an area.
Reverse the series of curves relating to falling bodies.
"The straight line parallel to the axis of x represents the ac-
tion of gravity, assumed to be constant. The oblique straight
line through the origin sums its areas and shows that the
rate of growth of the velocities is constant. In turn the
vertical parabola picturing time and space is the integral
curve of the velocities.
From engineering we have a remarkable series of con-
nected quantities and these may be selected, as given by
Prof. W. K. Hatt in the Railroad Gazette of December 23,
1898, for illustrating the cumulative effect of successive
integrations. Five successive diagrams used in engineering
practice are connected by integrations. These are in their
order the load diagram, the shear diagram, the moment
diagram, the slope diagram, and the deflective diagram.
But it is not necessary to enter further upon specific illus-
tration. The higher analysis is replete with problems which
the skilled teacher may use as stepping-stones by which
he may help the student to pass with safety to higher and
464 SECTION D.
higher mathematical attainment. Step by step he masters
his method while he is gaining a clearer insight into the
can^al r^]^tions of things about him.
The thought element is ever dominant. He goes from
strength to strength until no task seems too difficult for
his disciplined powers.
Two young men stand before an intricate machine. They
are told that their success in life depends in large measure ia
their ability to understand and use it. One examines piece
by piece the parts of which it is composed. He discovers
the way in which these parts are connected, the material of
which they are made, their size, their strength, their beauty.
After long and arduous study, he knows very much about
the machine, but he cannot put it in motion, he cannot make
it work, he can do nothing with it except to admire its per-
fection of form.
The other student begins to construct another machine
like the one shown him. As it grows under his hands he
is constantly using it for every operation to which it can be
applied. As it approaches completion he admires more and
more its adaptability and wide range of useful applications. Its
beauty no longer affects him greatly, but he is lost in wonder
and admiration before its marvelous power. By direct-
ing and using this power he grows in wisdom, in mentality
and in originality, and becomes one of the benefactors of
his race.
Do we need to stop long to discover who is the '*man
thinking"?
In later years mathematical instruction in this country
has greatly improved in its thought content, but it has re-
sponded slowly and conservatively to modem methods.
We are still more English than German. In the work of
training a master of the physical sciences the text-book
and the senseless repetition of words and formulas falling
upon the dull ear of an instructor half asleep have been
replaced by the lecture, the laboratory, and the seminarium.
Why should not mathematics, so intimately related to them,
follow their lead and partake in the benefits of modem
methods carried to their legitimate and logical completion'
PAPERS READ.
Graphical Methods for Determining the Equations of EX'
PBRIMENTAL CURVES. By A. S. LaNGSDORP.
The Fatigue of Cement Products. By J. L. Van Ornum.
The Design of Steel Concrete Arches. By E. J. McCaust-
LAND.
New Features and Tendencies in Bridge Engineering. By
H. S. Jacoby.
An Hydraulic Micrometer Caliper. By Wm. T. Magrudbr.
PiTOT Tubes, with Experimental Determinations of the
Forms of Water Jets. By James E. Boyd and Horace Judd.
Molecular Velocities. By J. Burkitt Webb.
Iowa Coals. By G. W. Bissell. j
466 SECTION D.
• Thb Science of Smoke Prevention. By C. H. Benjamin.
A Producer Horse Power — A Proposed New Unit. By Wm.
T. Magruder.
t •
Recent Improvements at the Union Station, St. Louis. Bt
A. P. Greensfbldbr.
The Flying Machine Problem. Bv J. Burkitt Wbbb.
Practicable Artificial Flight. By J. Burkitt Webb
Exploration of the Atmosphere as Practised with Kitbs at
THE Blue Hill Observatory since 1894. By A. Lawrbmcb
ROXCH.
The Aeronautical Contests at the World's Fair, St. Louis.
1904. By Calvin M. Woodward.
The Aeronautical Concourse at the World's Fair. St. Louis,
1904. By a. Lawrence Rotch.
Aerial Navigation. By Octave Chanutb
PAPERS READ. 467
The Stream Flow of the Upper Mississippi River. By C. W.
Hall.
Lbvees, Outlets and Reservoirs. By R. S. Taylor.
The Work of the Mississippi River Commission. By J. A
OCKERSON.
A Rational Method of Controlling Floods on the Mississippi
River. By Lewis M. Haupt.
The Lower Mississippi River. By Jas. A. Seddon.
Some Topics Connected with the Machinery Department of
THE World's Fair. By G. L. Carden.
Methods of Determining the Coefficients of Elasticity.
By Frank B. Williams.
A Proposed Method of Building the MaAdingo Ship Tunnel.
By E. W. Serrell.
SECTION E.
Geology and Geography.
OFFICERS OF SECTION E.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section.
I. C. Russell, Ann Arbor, Mich,
Secretary.
E. O. HovEY, New York, N. Y.
Member of Council,
E. A. Smith.
Sectional Committee,
W. M. Davis, Vice-President, 1903; E. O. Hovhy, Secretary,
1903; !• C. Russell, Vice-President, 1904; E. O. Hovev,
Secretary, 1 904.
A. P. Brigham, I year; David White, 2 years; I. C. Russell,
3 years; C. R. Van Hise, 4 years; I. C. White, 5 years.
Member of General Committee,
L. C. Glenn.
Press Secretary.
M. S. W. Jefferson.
ADDRESS
BY
W. M. DAVIS,
VICE-PRKSIDENT AND CHAIRMAN OF SECTION E FOR 1903,
GEOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES,
For twenty years past our section has acknowledged in
its name an equal rank for Geology and Geography, but not
one of the vice-presidential addresses during that period, or
indeed since the foundation of the Association over fifty years
ago, has been concerned with the subject second named.
Unless we cross off geography from the list of our responsi-
bilities, it should certainlv receive at least occasional atten-
tion; let me therefore depart from all precedents, and, even
though geologists may form the majority in this gathering,
consider the standing of geography among the sciences of
the United States: how it has reached the place it now
occupies, and what the prospects are for its further advance.
One measure of the place that geography occupies in this
country may be made by considering the share that geo-
graphical problems have had in the proceedings of our Asso-
ciation: here follow, therefore, the results of a brief examina-
tion of our fifty volumes of records. In the early years of
the Association there was no fixed division into sections. The
meetings were sometimes so small that papers from various
sciences were presented in general session. At least once in
the early years the work of our predecessors was recorded
under the general heading, "Natural History, etc." As
early as in 185 1 there was a section of geology and physi-
cal geography, and another of ethnolog}' and geography,
472 SECTION E.
but that classification did not endure. Once onlv. in
1853, did geography stand by itself as a sectional heading,
but at many meetings physics of the globe and meteorology
had places to themselves. Through the '6o*s and '70's
geography was sometimes coupled with geology, but the
latter more often stood alone or with paleontology, and it
was not until the Montreal meeting of 1882 that Section E
was definitely organized with the title that it now bears.
In those years when physics of the globe and meteorology
were given sectional rank, problems concerning the ocean
and the atmosphere received a good share of attention. It
is curious to note, in contrast to this, how little consideration
has been given to the exploration and description of the
lands; that is, to the geography of the lands, in this Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, either before or after
the establishment of the double name for our section. The
exploration of foreign lands, for many years a prominent
subject in the meetings of the British Association where
geography has had a section to itself since 1869, has at-
tracted hardly any notice in our gatherings; perhaps
because we have been busy exploring our own domain. At
the first meeting, 1848, a stmimary of then recent explorations,
prepared by Alexander, is the only paper of its kind. Other
papers treating the geography of foreign lands are so few in
number that most of them may be noted here; in 1850,
Squier gave an evening address on the Volcanoes of Central
America; in 1858 and i860, Hayes and Wheildon discussed
Arctic Exploration; Orton described the Valley of the Ama-
zon in 1869; in 1884 and 1898, two English visitors had
papers on different parts of Asia; in 1891 and 1898. Crawford
described features of Nicaragua, and in 1894 and 1895. Hub-
bard read papers on China, Corea, and Japan. Even geo-
logical essays on foreign regions have been few; Dana, Bran-
ner, Hill, Spencer, Heilprin and Hitchcock being the chief
contributors. Inattention to foreign exploration is, however,
not to be fully explained by devotion to the geography of
our own country, so far as the latter is measured by the pages
devoted to it in our proceedings. The first meeting started
W. M. DAVIS. 473
well enough, with accounts of the terraces of Lake Superior
by Agassiz, of the physical geography of northern Mississippi
by Bolton, and of the topography of Pennsylvania and Ohio
by Roberts. Again, in 185 1, when physical geography was
named with geology, the first subject had two essays, the
distribution of animals in California, and the climate, flora,
and fauna of northern Ohio; and geography joined in the
same year with ethnology had three rather scattering titles:
a deep-sea bank" near the Gulf Stream, measurement of
heights by the barometer, and a geographical department in
the Library of Congress ; but this beginning had no worthy
sequel. The many expeditions across our western territory
contributed little geographic matter to our records; in 1856,
Blake described the orography of the western United States,
and Emory the boundary of the United States and Mexico;
and the latter added in 1857 an account of the western moun-
tain systems of North America. From that time onward
there has been very little primarily of a geographical nature
concerning the United States. Even the modem discus-
sions of glacial geology in the last twenty years, profitable
as they have been to the physical geographers of glaciated
regions, have in very few if any cases been presented as con-
tributions to geography. The new phase of the physiography
of the lands is scantily represented; there have been hardly
more than accounts of Mexico by Hill, of California by Perrin
Smith, of North Carolina by Cobb; it is to be noted, moreover,
that these three authors are primarily geologists, not geog-
raphers. This meagre showing leads one to suspect that
our proceedings do not give a fair measure of geographical
activity in North America.
There has been in reality a great deal of work of a geo-
graphical nature done by our people, but the proceedings of
the Association do not seem to have commended themselves
as a place to put the work on record. Our geological surveys,
state and national, have contributed numerous geographic
chapters and reports of prime value; our Weather Bureau
is in many respects the leading institution of its kind; our
Coast Survey sets a high standard for triangulation, coast
474 SECTION E.
maps, and tide and current studies; we have held a prom-
inent place in Arctic exploration, and have taken some part
in exploration elsewhere. But in spite of all this accom-
plishment, we have not made great contributions to the full-
fledged science of geography. There are, for example, few
steps toward scientific geography of greater value than good
maps, but for the geographer to stop with the production
of good maps is as if the botanist stopped with the collection
of dried plants. The survey reports of our various States
and Territories contain a great ftmd of geographical matter.
and some of the members of these surveys have carried the
physical geography of the lands so far forward as to develop
it into a new science, to which a name, geomorphy or geo-
morphogeny, has been given ; yet geography has not flourished
among us as a maturely developed subject. The survey
reports have not, as a rule, been prepared by persons whose
training and interests were primarily geographical, and very
few of the geomorphogenists have carried their new science
forward into a geographical relation; they have usually
stopped with the physical aspects of the subject, and left the
organic aspects with scanty consideration. It is as if there
had been some impediments in the way of the full develop-
ment of geography as a maturely organized science. There
are in fact three serious impediments.
During all these years geography has suffered greatly
from being traditipnally a school subject in its educational
relations; the subject as a whole has been almost every-
where omitted from the later years of college and university
training, although certain of its component parts have re-
ceived some attention in college years. Again, geography
as a whole leads to no professional career outside of school-
teaching; it is perhaps chiefly on that account that our col-
leges and universities can give little time to it. Finally,
there is not to-day in this country an organized body of
mature geographical experts at all comparable in rank to the
bodies of physicists or of zoologists which are organized into
effective working societies; in the absence of such an organiza-
tion geography suffers greatly for the lack of that aid which
W. M. DAVIS. 475
comes from mutual encouragement among its workers. How
can we remove these impediments of low educational rank,
no professional career, and no professional organization?
Geography will find a place in our colleges and universities
very soon after it is shown to be a subject as worthy of such
a place as are the subjects whose position is already assured.
Physical geography is to-day slowly winning a more respected
place than it has ever had among the subjects on which ex-
aminations are set for admission to college. Commercial
or economic geography is, I believe, destined to attract in-
creasing attention from mature teachers and nearly mature
students. The general geography of various parts of the
world must receive more and more consideration in our col-
leges during the century that opens with the outgrowth of
our home country; and just so soon as mature teachers of
mature geography can make their lectures of value to the
young men of to-day, who are to be the leaders of enterprise
to-morrow, place will be found for geographical courses in
our higher institutions of learning. Progress in this respect
is visible, though not rapid. In order to hasten progress^
increased attention might well be given to so-called practical
courses in geography, as well as to courses of a generally
descriptive nature. The impediment of low educational rank
, is not permanent; it need not discourage us, for it is destined
to disappear.
The study of geography is not likely sopn to lead to a large,,
independent career, but it may be made useful in many
careers, as has just been indicated. It will, however, be
made particularly serviceable to a class of men that is now
of small but of increasing numbers, namely, those who
travel about the world, seeking fortune, entertainment or
novelty. With the present rapid increase of wealth among
us, this class is destined to grow, and while it may never be
large, it may soon be important, and its members need careful
cultivation; and at the same time the teachers of this class
and of other classes with whom geography becomes important,
will win a respected career for themselves. The impediment
arising from the lack of a large professional career will there-
476 SECTION B.
fore have no great importance when the many relations of
mature geography to other subjects are recognized.
The third impediment to the maturing of geography is the
most easily overcome even if at present the most serious, for
its removal depends only on the action of geographers them-
selves, and not on the action of higher bodies, such as execu-
tive officers, trustees, and so on, or on the action of lower
bodies, such as students. The absence of a society of mature
geographical experts is the fatdt of the experts themselves.
No greater assistance to the development of mature scientific
geography lies within our reach than the establishment
of a geographical society which shall take rank with the
Geological Society of America, for example, as a society of
experts, in which membership shall be open only to those
whose interests are primarily geographical and whose capacitv
has been proved by published original work in a distinctly
geographical field. In order to determine whether such a
society can now be organized, I propose to consider the
classes of persons in the community from which the members
of the society could be recruited.
There are at least four classes of geographical associates.
as they may be called, from which mature geographical ex-
perts might be drawn. First and in largest number is the
class consisting of the teachers of geography in our schools.
It is true that our school teachers, as a rule, devote themselves
to immature geography ; that is, to only so much of the whole
content of the subject as can be understood by minors, indeed
by children. But, on the other hand, one who is acquainted
with recent educational progress cannot fail to recognize
the notable advance made in the last ten years alone in the
preparation for and in the performance of geographical teach-
ing. There are in the secondary schools to-day a niunber
of teachers who are competent to make original, mature
geographical exploration of their home country, and some of
them have actually travelled east and west with the object
of making geographical studies. There are several Te,achers*
Geography Clubs, and the leading members of these clubs
are thoughtful workers. I am sure that a significant number
W. M. DAVIS. 477
of acceptable members of an expert geographical society
wotdd be found in this class.
The second class of geographical associates includes the
observers of the national and state weather services, who
have chiefly to do with that important branch of geography
comprehended under climatology ; these observers are gather-
ing a great crop of facts, not always very accurately de-
termined or very widely applied as far as the observers in
the state services are concerned; yet from among the thou-
sands of persons thus employed there will now and then
come forth the original worker whose contribution will fully
entitle him to expert rank; when his published studies are
seen to be of a thoroughly geographical character and of a
mature grade, they would warrant his admission to a society
of geographical experts.
Third comes the class made up from the members of va-
rious governmental bureaus, state and national, whose work
is of a more or less geographical character; for example,
topographers and hy drographers ; geologists and biologists;
ethnologists and statisticians: this class being as a whole
of much higher scientific standing than the two classes al-
ready mentioned. It may happen that many persons thus
classified have a first interest in the strictly geographical
side of their studies, although faithful work in the organiza-
tion to which they belong associates them with other sciences.
I should expect the greatest part of the membership in a
society of geographical experts to be drawn from this class.
It may be noted that the absence of a body of mature geog-
raphers, as well organized and as scientifically productive
as are the workers in various other sciences, is explained by
some as an inherent characteristic of geography, necessitated by
the great diversity of its methods and its interests. The diversity
is already an embarrassment, it is claimed, even in school years ;
and it afterwards compels the separation of the branches of
this highly composite subject, at best but loosely coherent,
into a number of specialties, each of which is so much more
closely allied to other sciences than to the other branches of
geography that those workers whose union would constitute
478 SECTION E.
a body of mature geographical experts are found scattered
among other unions, geological, botanical, zoological,
ethnological, economical and historical. The claim that the
disunion of geographical experts is necessary does not seem to
me well founded. May we not, indeed prove that there is no
such disunion by pointing to the fourth class of geographical
associates, concerning whom my silence thus far may perhaps
have awakened your curiosity, namely, the members of our
various geographical societies?
There are at the present time between five and seven
thousand such persons in the United States, but in the
absence of any standard of geographical knowledge from the
requirements for membership, these societies cannot, I regret
to say, be taken as evidence that there is a common bond by
which experts in all branches of geography are held together.
None of our geographical societies are composed solely of
experts, and none of them are held together by purely geo-
graphical bonds. While we must not overlook the excellent
work that our geographical societies have done, neither must
we overlook the fact that in making no sufficient attempt to
require geographical expertness as a condition for member-
ship, there is a very important work that the societies have
left undone. They have truly enough cultivated a general
interest in subjects of a more or less geographical nature,
but they have failed to develop geography as a mature sci-
ence. Indeed it may be cogently maintained that the absence
of any standard of geographical knowledge as a condition for
society membership has worked as seriously against the devel-
opment of mature scientific geography as has the general aban-
donment of geographical teaching to the secondary schools.
Large membership seems to be essential to the maintenance
of good libraries in handsome society buildings, and it is cer-
tainly helpful in the collection of funds with which journals
may be published and with which exploring expeditions may
be equipped and sent out. I should regret to see the mem-
bership in a single existing geographical society decreased,
but I regret also that there is no geographical society of the
same rank as the American Mathematical Society, the Ameri-
W. M. DAVIS. 479
can Physical Society, or many others in which number of
members is secondary to expert quality of members. Large
numbers of untrained persons are not found necessary to the
maintenance of vigorous societies in which these other sciences
are productively cultivated, and it is therefore reasonable
to believe that large numbers would not be essential to the
formation of a geographical society of high standing. Indeed,
it can hardly be doubted that the acceptance of a low standard
for membership in our geographical societies has had much to
do with the prevailing indifference regarding the development
of a high standard for the qualification of geographical experts.
Not only may any respectable person obtain membership in
any of our geographical societies, however ignorant he may
be of geography, but various kinds of societies are ranked as
geographical, even though their object may be geographical
in a very small degree. This is indicated by a list of geo-
graphical societies recently published, in which is included a
small Travellers Club lately organized in one comer of our
country. The object of this club is simply '*the encourage-
ment of intelligent travel and exploration." Interest in
rather than accomplishment of exploration and travel suffice
to recommend a candidate, otherwise qualified, for member-
ship. The object of travel is nowhere stated to be geograph-
ical. As a matter of fact, travel for the sake of art, arch-
aeology, language, history, astronomy, geology and botany,
for discovery, or even only for sport and adventure, as well
as for strictly geographical objects, is encouraged by this
young organization, which is really nothing more than its
name claims it to be: a travellers club. The same list of
geographical societies includes several clubs of excursionists,
outing-takers, or mountain climbers, among whom, as a
matter of fact, geography attracts hardly more interest than
botany. These societies are doing an excellent work in tak-
ing their members outdoors, sometimes on walks near home,
sometimes farther away to a hotel in the country, sometimes to
a camp among the mountains. The chief result of such out-
ings is an increased enjoyment and appreciation of the land-
scape, of natural scenery, and of everything that enters into
480 SECTION E.
it ; but this excellent result is by no means exclusively, perhaps
not even largely, geographic in its quality.
One might question whether geographic rank was really
accorded to these clubs by general assent, if their recognition
in the group of geographical societies were expressed only bj
an individual opinion in the list referred to; but this is not
the case. In preparation for the meeting of the Intemationai
Geographical Congress, to be held in this country next summ^.
delegates to the committee of management have been invited
from the Appalachian Mountain Club, in one comer of the
country, and from the Mazamas in another. The delegate>
appointed by these clubs are, as might have been expected,
men competent to act with others in organizing the Congress
for us, but the same result would have been attained if dele-
gates had been asked from the various geological, botanical,
zoological, and historical societies, for all these societies contain
among their members persons of a certain amount of geo-
graphical knowledge and of a sufficient executive ability. The
same would be true had delegates been invited from the
Boone and Crocket Club, a choice organization of sportsmen.
for all such clubs have men of undoubted ability in the way
of organization among their members, and are largely con-
cerned with matters of geographical location and distribution
in their activities. Nevertheless neither the sporting nor the
outing clubs are essentially or characteristically geographical
in their objects. Do not, however, understand me to object
to the acceptance of delegates from the above-named clulis
as members of the committee on management of the Inter-
national Geographical Congress. I approve of the plar
heartily ; for in the absence of geographical societies in many
parts of our ootmtry there was no other plan so appropriate.
The matter is mentioned here only to show the straits to
which geographers are reduced in atternpting to give l
national welcome to an intemationai geographical congress:
the difficulty, so far as it is a difficulty, arises from the abseno^
among us of a body of mature geographical experts, united
in an advanced acquaintance with some large part of a well-
defined science. This condition of things seems to me urr
W. M. DAVIS. 481
satisfactory. The absence of a strong society of geographical
experts indicates an insufficient attention to scientific geog-
raphy, and I therefore now turn to consider the direction in
which serious efforts may be most profitably made toward a
better condition of things. Let it be imderstood, however,
that no quick-acting remedy is possible, for the reason that
many of those concerned with the problem — namely, the
advance of scientific geography — do not seem to recognize
that the existing state of things needs a remedy. It is there-
fore only as a change of heart — a scientific change of the
geographic heart — makes itself felt that much can be accom-
plished toward the development of scientific geography, and
such a change is notoriously of slow accomplishment. Progress
is apparent, however, and from progress we ma^ gather
encouragement. In what direction, then, shall /Suf further
efforts be turned? "^
Let me urge in the first place that close scrutiny should be
given to things that are popularly called geographical, with
the object of determining the essential content of geographical
science and of excluding from our responsibility everything
that is not essentially geographic. Only in this way can we
clear the groimd for the cultivation of really geographical
problems in geographical education and in geographical
societies. This scrutiny should be exercised all along the line :
in the preparation of text-books, in the training of teachers,
in the study of experts, and in the conduct of any geographical
society that attempts to take a really scientific position. The
essential content of geographical science is so large that the
successful ciSjlyation of the whole of it demands all the ener-
gies of many «iperts. Those who are earnestly engaged, in
cultivating geography proper should treat non-geographic
problems in the same way that a careful farmer would treat
blades of grass in his cornfield : he would treat them as weeds
an^Hlll^em out, for however useful grass is in its own place
its growth in the cornfield will weaken the growth of the com.
So in the field of geographical study, there is no room for both
geography and history; geography and geology; geography
and astronomy. Geography will never gain the disciplinary
482 SECTION E.
quality that is so profitable in other subjects until it is as
jealously guarded from the intrusion of irrelevant items as is
physics or geometry or Latin. Indeed the analogy of the
blades of grass in the cornfield is hardly strong enough. It is
well known that Ritter, the originator of the causal notion in
geography, and therefore the greatest benefactor of geography
in the nineteenth century, was so hospitable in his treatment of
history that his pupils grew up in large number to be histor-
ians and his own subject was in a way lost sight of by many
of his students who became professors of geography, so-called,
in the German universities, until Peschel revolted and turned
attention again to the essential features of geography proper.
Close scrutiny of what is commonly called geography will
certainly be beneficial in bringing forward the essence of the
subject and in relegating irrelevant topics to the background^
but it is not to be expected that any precise agreement will
soon be reached as to what constitutes geography, strictly
interpreted. Opinions on the subject, gathered from different
parts of the country, even if gathered from persons entitled
to speak with what is called "authority,*' would probably
differ as widely as did the nomenclatures of the leading phys-
iographic divisions of North America as proposed in a sym-
posium a few years ago; but if careful consideration and free
discussion are given to the subject, unity of opinion will in due
time be approached as closely as is desirable.
As a contribution toward this collection of opinions, let
me state my own view: the essential in geography is a rela-
tion between the elements of terrestrial environment and the
items of organic response; this being only a modernized
extension of Fitter's view. Everything that involves such
a relationship is to that extent geographic. Anything in
which such a relationship is wanting is to that extent not
geographic. The location of a manufacturing village at
a point where a stream affords water-power is an example
of the kind of relation that is meant, and if this example is
accepted, then the reasonable principle of continuity will
guide us to include under geography every other example
in which the way that organic forms have of doing things is
W. M. DAVIS. 483
conditioned by their inorganic environment. The organic
part of geography must not be limited to man, because the
time is now past when man is studied altogether apart from
the other forms of life on the earth. The colonies of ants on
our western deserts, with their burrows, their hills, their
roads and their threshing floors, exhibit responses to elements
of environment found in soil and climate as clearly as a
manufacturing village exhibits a response to water power.
The different coloration of the dorsal and ventral parts of
fish is a response to the external illumination of our non-
luminous earth. The word arrive is a persistent memorial
of the importance long ago attached to a successful crossing
of the shore line that separates sea and land. It is not sig-
nificant whether the relation and the elements that enter into
it are of easy or difficult understanding, nor whether they
are what we call important or unimportant, familiar or un-
familiar. The essential quality of geography is that it in-
volves relations of things organic and inorganic; and the
entire content of geography would include all such relations.
A large library would be required to hold a full statement of
so broad a subject, but elementary text-books of geography
may be made by selecting from the whole content such rela-
tions as are elementar}*", and serviceable handbooks may be
made by selecting such relations as seem important from
their frequency or their significance. The essential throughout
would, however, still be a relation of earth and life, practically
as Ritter phrased it when he took the important step of
introducing the causal notion as a geographical principle.
Thus defined, geography has two chief divisions. Every-
thing about the earth or any inorganic part of it, considered
as an element of the environment by which the organic
inhabitants are conditioned, belongs under physical geog-
raphy or physiography.* Every item in which the organic
inhabitants of the earth — plant, animal, or man — show a
response to the elements of environment, belongs under
organic geography. Geography proper involves a consider-
* It should be noted that t)ie British definition of physiography
•givesit a much wider meaning than is here indicated.
484 SECTION B.
ation of relations in which the things that belong under its
two divisions are involved.
The validity of. these propositions may be illiistrated by
a concrete case. The location and growth of Memphis, Helena,
and Vicksbtirg are manifestly dependent on the places where
the Mississippi river swings against the blnfEs of the uplands,
on the east and west of its flood plain. The mere existence
and location of the cities, stated independent of their con-
trolling environment are empirical items of the organic part
of geography, and these items fail to become truly geographic
as long as they are stated without reference to their cause.
The mere course of the Mississippi, independent of the organic
consequences which it controls, is an empirical element of
the inorganic part of geography, but it fails to become truly
geographic as long as it is treated alone. The two kinds of
facts must be combined in order to gain the real geographic
flavor. Geography is therefore not simply a description of
places; it is not simply an accotmt of the earth and of its
inhabitants, each described independent of the other; it in-
volves a relation of some element of physical geography to
some item of organic geography, and nothing from which
this relation is absent possesses the essential quality of geo-
graphical discipline. The location of a cape or of a city is
an elementary fact which may be built up with other facts
into a relation of ftill geographic meaning; but taken alone
it has about the same rank in geography th^t spelling has in
language. A map has about the same place in geography that a
dictionary has in literature. The mean annual temperature of a
given station, and the occurrence of a certain plant in a certain
locality, are facts of kinds that must enter extensively into
the relationships with which geography deals; but these facts,
standing alone, are wanting in the essential quality of mattire
geographical science. Not only so; many facts of these
kinds may, when treated in other relations, enter into other
sciences ; for it is not so much the thing that is studied as the
relation in which it is studied that determines the science to
which it belongs. I therefore emphasize again the broad
general principle that mature scientific geography is essenti-
W. M. DAVIS. 485
ally concerned with the relations among its inorganic and
organic elements; among the elements of physical and of
organic geography; or, as might be said more briefly, among
the elements of physiography and of . Let me confess
to the most indulgent part of this audience that I have in-
vented a one-word name for the organic part of geography,
and have found it useful in thinking and writing and teaching;
but inasmuch as the ten, or at the outside twelve new words
that I have introduced as technical terms into the growing
subject of. physiography have given me with some geological
critics the reputation of being reckless in regard to termi-
nology, it will be the part of prudence not to mention the new
name for organic geography here, where my audience prob-
ably consists for the most part of geologists.
There can be no just complaint of narrowness in a science
that has charge of all the relations among the elements of
terrestrial environment and the items of organic response.
Indeed the criticism usually made upon the subject thus
defined is, as has already been pointed out, that it is too broad,
too vaguely limited, and too much concerned with all sorts of
things to have sufficient unity and coherence for a real science.
Some persons indeed object that geography has no right to
existence as a separate science ; that it is chiefly a compound
of parts of other sciences; but if it be defined as concerned
with the relationships that have been just specified, these
objections have little force. It is true indeed that the things
with which geography must deal are dealt with in other sciences
as well, but this is also the case with astronomy, physics, chem-
istry, geology, botany, zoology, history, economics. . . .
There is no subject of study whose facts are independent of
all other subjects; not only are the same things studied under
different sciences, but every science employs some of the
methods and results of other sciences. The individuality of a
science depends not on its having to do with things that are
cared for by no other science, or on its employing methods
that are used in no other science, but on its studying these
things and employing these methods in order to gain its own
well defined object. Chemistry, for example, is concerned with
4^6 SECTION E.
the study of material substances in relation to their constitu-
tion, but it constantly and most properly employs physiczJ
and mathematical methods in reaching its ends. Botanists
and zoologists are much interested in the chemical compositior.
and physical action of plants and animals, because the facts
of composition and action enter so largely into the understand-
ing of plants and animals considered as living beings. Over-
lappings of the kind thus indicated are common enough, ard
geography as well as other sciences exhibits them in abtindance.
It may be that geography has a greater amotmt of overlapping
than any other science; but no valid objection to its content
can be made on that ground; the maximum of overlapping
must occur in one science or another — there can be no discredit
to the science on that account. Geography has to do with
rocks whose origin is studied in geology ; with the currents of
the atmosphere, whose processes exemplify general laws that
are studied in physics ; with plants and animals, whose forms
and manner of growth are the first care of the botanist and
the zoologist; and with man, whose actions recorded in order
of time occupy the historian ; but the particular point of view
from which the geographer studies all these things makes
them as much his own property as they are the property of
any one else.
In view of what has been said let me return to the close
scrutiny that I have urged as to what should be admitted
within the walls of a geographical society. We will sup-
pose the geography of Pennsylvania is under discussion,
as a result there must be some mention of the occurrence
of coal, because coal, now an element of inorganic environ-
ment, exerts a control over the distribution and the industries
of the population of Pennsylvania. But the coal of Penn-
sylvania might be treated with equal appropriateness by a
geologist, if its origin, its deformation and its erosion were
considered as local elements in the history of the earth ; by a
chemist, if its composition were the first object of attention:
by a botanist, if the ancient plants that produced the now
inorganic coal-beds were studied. Furthermore, it would be
eminently proper for the geologist to make some mention of
W. M. DAVIS. 4S7
the present uses to which coal is put ; or for the chemist and
the botanist to tell something of the geological date when coal
was formed, if by so doing the attention of the hearer could
be better gained and held, and if the problem at issue could
thereby be made clearer and more serviceable. So the geog-
rapher is warranted in touching upon the composition, the
origin, the exploitation of the Pennsylvania coal-beds, if by
so doing he makes a more forcible presentation of his own
problem; but if he weakens the presentation of his own
problem by the introduction of these unessential facts, still
more if he presents these unessential facts as his prime interest,
he goes too far. The point of all this is that students in many
different sciences may have to consider in common certain
aspects of the problems presented by the coal of Pennsylvania;
but that each student should consider Pennsylvania coal in
the way that best serves his own subject. The scrutiny that I
have urged would therefore be directed chiefly to excluding
from consideration under geography the non-geographic rela-
tions of the many things that various sciences have to study
in common, and to bringing forward in geography all the
problems that are involved in the relations of the earth and
its inhabitants. The things involved in the relations of
earth and life are the common property of many sciences,
but the relations belong essentially to geography. It would
be easy to point out topics in text-books and treatises, in the
pages of geographical journals, and in lectures before geo-
graphical societies, that would not fall under any division of
geography as here defined. In many such cases, however, the
topics might without difficulty have given a sufficiently geo-
graphical turn, had it been so desired or intended; the topics
might have been presented from the geographical point of
view, so as to emphasize the essential quality of geographical
study, had there been a conscious wish to this end. But in
other cases, the subjects presented belong so clearly elsewhere,
or are treated so completely from some other than a geographi-
cal point of view, as to fall quite outside of geography; for
example, a recent nunlber of one of our geographical journals
contained an excellent full page plate and a half page of text
488 SECTION E.
on the '* Skull of the Imperial Mammoth," with brief de-
scription of its size and anatomy, but with nothing more
meariy approaching geographical treatment than the statement
that the specimen came from *'the sands of western Texas."
In all such cases it is open to question whether close scrutiny
as to inclusion and exclusion has been given, and while
the policy pursued by many geographical societies of gener-
ously accepting for their journals many sorts of interesting
•articles has something to commend it in the way of pleasing
a mixed constituency, it is nevertheless open to the objection
^f not sufficiently advancing the more scientific aspects of
•geography. Blades of grass and mammoth skulls are very
good things, if crops of hay and collections of fossils are to be
:gathered ; but they are in the way of the growth of the best com
and of the publication of the best geographical journals. Let no
•one suppose, however, that the audiences in geographical lecture
halls or the readers of geographical journals need suffer under
the scrutiny that is here urged regarding lectures and articles.
There is, even tmder the strictest scrutiny, an abundance of
varied and interesting matter of a strictly geographical nature;
few if any sciences are richer than geography in matter of
general interest. There is indeed some reason for thinking
that the real obstacle in the way of applying close scrutiny in
the way here recommended, is the difficulty of obtaining high-
grade material presented in an essentially geographical form.
Inasmuch as this difficulty arises from the relative inattention
to geography as a mature science, it is the businsss of geo-
graphical societies to remove the difficulty.
It has been maintained that one of the embarrassments from
which geography suffers is the incoherence of the many things
that are involved in its broad relationships. This is not really
a serious embarrassment, and so far as it is an embarrassment
at all it is not peculiar to geography. It is not a serious em-
barrassment, because when any element of geography is
treated in view of the relations into which it enters, it becomes
reasonably interesting to all who are concerned with scientific
geography. The embarrassment is not peculiar to geography,
for it is found in all other studies; in histor\', for example.
W. M. DAVIS. 489
where an essay by a specialist on the modem history of South
America is not likely to excite an enthusiastic interest in the
mind of the student of classic times in Greece, or in the mind
of the student of mediaeval church, history in Grermany;
the embarrassment is known also in geology, where the student
of the petrography of the southern Appalachians, or of the
paleontology of the Trias in California, may care little for a
paper by a colleague on the glaciation of the Tian Shan moun-
tains in Turkestan. Yet, however unlike these various topics
in history or in geology may be, they are welcomed, if well
treated, by all the members of the expert society or by all the
readers of the special journal in which they are presented, be-
cause they so manifestly make for progress in the science to
i«rhich they belong. Geographers need not therefore be embar-
rassed on finding discussions of magnetic declination as affecting
the navigation of the Antarctic regions,of the relations of climate
-and religion among the Hopi Amerinds, and of the facilities
for irrigation peculiar to aggrading fluviatile plains, all in one
journal; this diversity of topics only illustrates the great
richness of geography, and thus likens it to history and
geology.
Let me consider next the advantages that will come to
geography from the systematic collection and classification
of all the facts pertinent to it. The popular idea of geo-
graphical research is fulfilled when an explorer discovers a
new mountain or a new island; but discovery is not enough.
The thing discovered must be carefully described in view of
all that is known of similar things, and the relation into which
the thing enters must be sought and analyzed. Careful work
of this nature involves the development of systematic geog-
raphy, in which all items of a kind are brought together, and
all kinds of items are arranged according to some serviceable
scheme of classification. Geographers are far behind zoolo-
gists and botanists in this respect, for there is to-day no
comprehensive scheme of geographical classification in gen-
eral use. Existing schemes are too generally empirical and
incomplete. So important a group of land forms as moun-
tains has never yet been thoroughly treated in a physio-
49^ SECTION E.
graphic sense, while the organic responses to inorganic con-
trols are as a rule not classified by geographers at all ; yet k
comprehensive scheme of classification should certainly pro-
vide systematic places for the organic responses as carefully
as for inorganic controls. In the absence of a generally
accepted scheme of classification, it is natural that items of
one kind and another should be neglected in text -books and
elsewhere; for it is well known that incompleteness of treat-
ment goes with unsystematic methods. So simple and mani-
fest a response to the globular form of the earth as is afforded
by the wide extent of modem commerce is seldom mentioneii
in connection with its control. The many important and
interesting responses to the eternal and omnipresent force of
gravity are not habitually treated as geographical topics at
all ; nor is the definition of boundaries in terms of meridians
and parallels usually recognized as a response that civilized
nations now habitually make to the form and rotatioij of the
earth, when they have occasion to divide new territory in
advance of surveys and settlement. Yet surely all these
responses to environment deserve systematic mention when
the earth is described as a rotating, gravitating globe, just as
the location of villages and the growth of cities at some point
of advantage to their inhabitants deserves mention in the
pages given up to geography of the more conventional kind.
The development of a well -tested scheme of systematic geog-
raphy may therefore be urged upon every geographer as a
problem well worthy of his attention. A practical step toward
•
the construction of such a scheme is evidently the accumula-
tion of items that call for classification; therefore, let the
geographer study the world about him : and a most effectual
aid in the accumulation of items is found in searching for tht
organic response to every inorganic control, and for the inor-
ganic control of every organic response that comes to one's
attention; therefore, let the geographer think carefully as he
looks about him over the world. It can hardly be doubted
that the explorer who goes abroad or the student who stays
at home will make better progress in his investigations in
proportion to the completeness of the systematic scheme
W. M. DAVIS. 491
with respect to which he consciously carries on his work. I
woiild therefore urge the development of the habits of always
associating causes with their consequences and consequences
with their causes, and of always referring both causes and
consequences to the classes in which they belong. If to these
two habits we add a third, namely, that of making a careful
arrangement of the classes in a reasonable and serviceable
order, we shall have taken three important steps in geo-
graphical progress, and, as a result, geography will flourish.
There is no device by which the work of the specialist is
so helpfully relieved of its narrowing influence as by the
simple device of looking always for the general geographical
relations of any special topic. The specialist in the geo-
graphical study of ocean currents, of caverns or of deltas,,
of forests, of trade routes, or of cities, should not lessen his
attention to his chosen line of work, but he should, often to
his great advantage, increase his attention to the place that
his chosen subject holds in the whole content of geography.
Not only will his work be broadened in this way, but both he
and his work will be brought into closer relations with the
whole body of geographers and the whole content of geog-
raphy, and the possibility of organizing a society of mature
geographical experts will be thereby greatly increased. If
the geographical relations of a special topic are not looked
for, the specialist fails to that extent of becoming a geographer.
The climatologist who studies the physical conditions of
the atmosphere for their own sake, the oceanographer who
makes no application of the physical features of the ocean
as controls of organic consequences, the geomorphist who is
satisfied with the study of land forms as a finality, the student
of the location of cities and the boundaries of states who
makes no search for the explanation of his facts as affected
by physiographic controls — these specialists may all be emi-
nent in their own lines, but they fall short of being geog-
raphers. In the same way it might be shown that a petrog-
rapher who makes no study of field relations and discovers
no results of processes and no sequences in time, fails of being
a geologist, for geology deals essentially with processes and
49^ SECTION B.
Structures in time sequence; likewise a chronologist > who is
satisfied with mere dates of occurrence fails of being a his-
torian, for history involves the meaning as well as the mere
sequence of human events. There is, of course, no blame to
be attached to interest in specialization, no praise to an in-
terest in larger relations; it is merely a matter of fact that
the isolated specialist remains somewhat to one side of the
larger sciences with which he might become associated. On
the other hand, the geographer is not necessarily so broad-
minded that he must be shallow; he may specialize deeply
on the climatologic, oceanographic, geomorphic, topographic,
organic divisions of his subject; but if he wishes to be con-
sidered a geographer he shotild cultivate all the geographic
relations into which the facts of his chosen division enters,
and he will find that it is largely through these relations that
he associates himself profitably with other geographers.
Two of the most beneficial results of the systematic study
of geography are the great increase in the ntimber of classes
or tjrpes with which the geographer becomes familiar, and
the great improvement in the definition of these types. This
is particularly the case with those types which contain many
individual examples, such as rivers and cities, and which are
therefore capable of division into many headings. So long
as the geographer deals only with things in an empirical
fashion, he may be satisfied with a rough classification; as
soon as he begins to treat his problems more carefully, his
classification becomes more refined and he has relatively
more to do with classes of things than with the things them-
selves. The things are actual, the classes are ideal, and
therein lies one of the greatest values of systematic geography;
it enforces attention upon the idealized type; by means of
this increased attention the type is more fully conceived, and
both observation and description of actual things are greatly
aided. Let me illustrate.
The breezes that descend from mountain valleys at night
are well known and well understood phenomena. As a result,
one may form a well-defined conception of such a breeze — ^a
type mountain breeze — imagining its gradual beginning, its
W. If. DAVIS. -^95
increase in strength with its extension in area, and its gradual
extinction; all its phases of waxing and waning being duly
related to the passing hours of the night and to the associated
changes of temperature. It is safe to say that no actual
mountain breeze is as well known by direct observation of
all its parts and stages as is the type breeze, in which all
pertinent observations are properly generalized, and in which
the deficiencies of observation are supplemented as far as
possible by inferences deduced from well-established physical
laws. It is entirely possible that there may be some errors
in the deduced elements of the ideal type-breeze, but it may
be confidently asserted that the errors will be replaced by the
truth through the methods involved in observing, imaginings
and checking, guided by the conception of the type, sooner
than the truth will be discovered by blind observation un-
guided by the aid that a well-defined type affords.
It is the same with an alluvial fan; an element of land
form that has, by the way, more similarity to a mountain
breeze than appears on first thought. Observation shows
only the existing stage of the surface of a fan; the fully
developed type-fan includes the structure as well as the sur-
face, the process and the progress of formation, extended
into the future as well as brought forward from the past.
There can be no question that the explorer who is eqtaipped
with a clear conception of a type-fan can do much better
work in observing and describing the fans that he may find
than will be done by an explorer who thinks he can dispense
with all idealized types, and who proposes simply to describe
what he sees. The shortcomings of the simple observational
method wotild be less if it were not so difficult to see what one
looks at and to record what one sees; but any one who has
had experience in field studies knows how far short seeing
may be of looking, and how far short recording may be of
seeing. The best restilts in geographical investigation can
only be obtained when every legitimate aid to observation
and description is summoned ; and, of all aids, that furnished
by careftilly considered types, reasonably classified, is the
greatest. When large and complicated features, such as
494 SECTION E.
valley systems or cuestas, are to be described, the need of
types is vastly increased. Hence one of the most important
and practical suggestions that can be made toward the ma-
turing of geographical science is to cultivate the geograph-
ical imagination iti the direction of acquiring familiarity with
a large, systematic series of well-defined ideal types. As prog-
ress is made in this direction there will be profitable advance
from that narrow conception of geography which is based
on the school-day study of names, locations and boundaries —
the only conception of geography that many mature persons
in this country possess — to a wider conception in which
everything studied is considered as an example of a kind of
things, so that it shall appeal to the reasonable understanding
rather than to the empirical memory. Progress of this sort
is already apparent in the schools, but it has not yet reached
a desirable measure of advance.
One of the best results that will follow from the systematic
recognition of a large number of well-defined types will be
the natural development of an adequate geographical termi-
nology. When review is made of modem geographical articles,
it is curious and significant to find only ^ small addition to
the school-boy list of technical terms. This is not true of
any subject that is cultivated in the universities as well as
in the schools. It is a reproach to geography that the re-
sults of mature observation are so generally described in the
inadequate terms of immature study; this reproach will have
the less ground the more thoroughly systematic geography
is studied. With the development of more mature methods
of description there may come a larger share of attention
to the thing described, and thus a relative decrease of atten-
tion to matters of merely personal narrative. I do not wish
to lessen the number of entertaining books of travel which
now fill many of the shelves in libraries called geographical,
but it would be a great satisfaction to see the standard works
of geographical libraries given a more objective quality, so
that they might compare favorably with the standard works
of geological or botanical libraries, in which the element of
personal narrative is reduced to its properly subordinate
place.
W. M. DAVIS. 495
Another step of equal importance with the establishment
of geographical types is the change from the empirical to the
explanatory or rational or genetic method of treating the
elemental facts that enter into geographical relationships. The
rational method has long been pursued in regard to the facts
of the atmosphere and the ocean; it is coming to be adopted
for facts concerning the lands; and since the adoption of an
evolutionary philosophy, the evolutionary explanation of the
organic items of geography may replace the teleological treat-
ment that obtained in Ritter's time. It is, however, very
seldom the case that geographers adopt the rational method
consciously and fully; hence special attention to this phase
of the theoretical side of geography may be strongly urged.
It may be noted in this connection that the application of
the explanatory method has been so lately made to the treat-
ment of land forms that the geographer may for the present
make himself to his advantage something of a specialist in
this branch 9f the subject. It should be added that, so long
as he studies land forms in order better to understand the
environment in which living things find themselves, he re-
mains a geographer and does not become a geologist. There
is a needless confusion in this matter, which may perhaps be
lessened if its untangling be illustrated by the following geo-
logical comparison.
For some decades past a new method of treatment has
been applied to the study of rocks, greatly to the advantage
of geologists. The method requires a good knowledge of
inorganic chemistry and of optical physics, and the geolo-
gists who have specialized in the study of rocks have had to
make themselves experts in these phases of physics and
chemistry; but they are not for that reason classified as
physicists or chemists. They remain geologists, though some-
times taking the special title of petrographer. So with the
geographer who specializes in the study of land forms; he
must make himself familiar with certain phases of geology,
but he does not therefore become a geologist; he remains a
geographer. His object is not to discover for their own sake the
past stages through which existing land forms have been devel-
49^ SECTION E.
oped; he studies past forms only in order to extend his know-
ledge of systematic physiography and thus to increase his ap-
preciation of existing forms. As far as he studies the sequence
of past forms he is studying a phase of geology, just as the
geologist who examines existing arrangements of climate, of
oceanic circulation, or of land forms, is studying a phase of
physiography. The two sciences are manifestly related, but
they need not be confused. For, as has been shown for sciences
in general, geology and geography are best characterized by
the relations in which their topics are studied and not by the
topics themselves. Both are concerned with the earth and
life. The whole content of knowledge concerning the earth
and life might be shown by a cube, in which vertical lines
represented the passage of time, and horizontal planes repre-
sented phenomena considered in their areal extension; then
if the whole mass of the cube were conceived as made up of
vertical lines, that would suggest the geological conception of
the whole problem; while if the cube were made up of hori-
zontal planes, that would suggest its geographical aspect;
and the whole series of paleogeographies, horizontally strati-
fied with respect to the vertical time line, would culminate
in the geography of to-day.
Objection is sometimes made to the plan of geography, as
here set forth, that it involves hypotheses and theories, instead
of being content with matters of fact, as the advocates of a
more conservative method in geography suppose themselves
to be. There is no doubt that geographical investigation of
the kind here exposed does involve abundant theorizing, but
that is one of its chief merits, for therein it adopts the methods
of all inductive sciences. Furthermore, as between the pro-
gressive geographer, who candidly recognizes that he must
theorize, and the conservative geographer, who thinks that he
observes facts only and lets theories alone, the chief difference
is not that the first one theorizes and the second does not,
but that the first one knows when he is theorizing and takes care
to separate his factsandhisinferences, to theorize logically, to
evaluate his results, while the second one theorizes uncon-
sciously and hence uncritically, and therefore fails to separate
W. M. DAVIS. 497
his inferences sharply from his facts, and gives little attention
to the evaluation of his results. Geography has indeed suffered
so long and so seriously from the failure of geographers to
cultivate the habit of theorizing as critically as the habit of
observing — studies of the atmosphere and the ocean still
excepted, as above — that a strong recommendation must be
given to the acquisition of the methods of theoretical inves-
tigation, in which deduction is an essential part, by every one
who proposes to call himself a scientific geographer. Let me
give an example of the loss of time that has resulted from the
failure of geographers to develop the habit of theorizing.
For forty years past there has been active discussion as to
how far land forms in glaciated regions had been shaped by
glacial erosion, but not till within five years has any geog-
rapher clearly defined the deductive side of this problem.
In order to determine whether land forms are carved by
glacial erosion or not, two methods have been open: one is to
observe the action of existing glaciers and thus determine
whether they are competent or not to carve land forms ; but
this is difficult, because the beds on which glaciers lie cannot
be well examined. The other method is to deduce the appro-
priate consequences of both the affirmative and the negative
suppositions, and then to confront these consequences with
the facts found in regions once glaciated, and see which set
of consequences is best supported. This deductive method is
very simple. Its application involves no principle that was
not perfectly well known fifty years ago, though it does
involve a facility in theorizing that does not seem to have been
familiar or habitual with geographers until more recent times.
On the supposition that glaciers do not erode, the valley
systems of once glaciated mountains ought not to exhibit
any significant peculiarity of form, but should correspond to
the normal stream-worn valley systems of non-glaciated
mountains. On the supposition that glaciers do erode, the
valley systems of once glaciated mountains should exhibit
the highly specialized feature of a discordant junction of
branch and trunk ; for the channels eroded by a small branch
glacier and by a large trunk glacier must stand at discordant
49^ SECTION B.
levels at their junction, just as the channels of a small stream
and a large river do, though the measure of discordance b
much greater in the channels of the clumsy, slow-moving ice-
streams than in the channels of the nimble, quick-mo vinp
water-streams. There can be no question that these well
specialized consequences, deduced from the posttilate that
glaciers can erode their channels, are much more accordant
with the actual features of valley systems in once glaciated
mountains than are the consequences deduced from the op-
posite postulate ; but my reason for introducing this problem
here is not to call attention to the value of ** hanging valleys'*
in evidence of glacial erosion, as first clearly set forth by
Gannett in 1898 in his account of Lake Chelan, but rather
to point out how slow geographers have been to employ the
deductive method in solving this long- vexed problem. The
moral of this is that geographers as well as geologists, phys-
icists, astronomers ought to have good training in scientific
methods of investigation, in which all their faculties are
employed in striving to reach the goal of full understanding
instead of depending so largely on the single faculty of ob-
servation.
Some may, however, object that the problem of glacial
erosion, just touched upon, belongs exclusively to geolog>'
and not at all to geography. It belongs to both; its asso-
ciation will be determined by its application, as the foUovring
considerations will show. The accumulation of sand-dunes
by wind action, the abrasion of sea-coasts by waves, the ero-
sion of gorges by streams, the construction of volcanoes by
eruptions now in progress, manifestly belong in the study of
physical geography, in close association with the blowing of
the winds, the rolling of the waves, the flowing of streams,
and the outbursting of lavas and gases. Both the agent and
the result of its action are elements of the environment by
which life is conditioned. Similarly, the grass-covered dunes
of Hungary, the elevated sea-cliffs of Scotland, the abandoned
gorges of central New York, and the quiescent volcanoes o:
central France, are all elements of land forms and are all treated
as geographical topics and explained by reference to their
W. M. DAVIS. 499
extinct causes in the modem rational method of geographical
study. Likewise the discordant valley systems of glaciated
mountains are proper subjects for explanatory treatment in
the study of geography, although the glacier systems that
eroded them are extinct;, they deserve explanatory treatment
in geography just as ftdly as do the accordant valley systems
of non-glaciated mountains. It is true that discussion as to
whether certain sculptured land forms are due to glacial erosion
is likely to continue more or less actively through the present
decade ; but when this problem is as well settled as the problem
of stream erosion has already been, the geographer will be con-
tent with the simplest statement of the evidence that is essential
to the conclusion reached; and the explanatory descriptions
of land forms will include due reference to forms of glacial
origin, just as much as a matter of course as they now include
reference to forms of marine or of subaerial origin. Forms of
glacial sculpture will be given as assured a place in geograph-
ical study as forms of glacial deposition are already given.
Neither the thing studied, nor the agent by which it was pro-
duced, nor the method by which the agent is shown to be
accountable for the thing, suffices to show whether the thing
is of a geological or a geographical nature. This question will
be decided, as has already been shown, by the relations into
which the thing enters. It would be as unreasonable to
omit all reference to glacial erosion in a geographical descrip-
tion of Norway as to omit all reference to subaerial erosion
in a geographical account of our Atlantic coastal plain.
Nowhere is the cultivation of systematic geography more
helpful than in the study of local or regional geography.
The truth of this may be appreciated by considering the case
of botany. No botanist would attempt to describe the flora
of one of our states until he had obtained a good knowledge
of systematic botany in general. Such knowledge would
help him at every turn in his study of a local flora, not only
in describing the plants that he might find, and in arranging
the descriptions in a serviceable order, but also in finding the
plants themselves. I believe that a closely eqxiivalent state-
ment might be made with regard to the geography of a state;
5<X> SECTION B.
and yet there is not, to my knowledge, a single work on
regional geography in which a recognized scheme of systematic
geography has been avowedly followed as a guide for the
treatment of local features. The adoption of such a guide
would lead to various advantages; on announcing that a cer-
tain scheme of systematic geography has been chosen as a
standard, the writer of a regional work thereby gives notice
in the simplest manner to the reader as to the kind and amount
of knowledge necessary to understand the work in hand;
descriptions are made at once briefer and more intelligible
by phrasing them in terms of a scheme that is elsewhere
stated in full ; relative completeness of treatment is assured,
for with a systematic list of all kinds of geographical relations
at hand, the writer is not likely to overlook any element of
the subject that occurs within his chosen region; the reader
can easily find any desired topic, not only by means of the
table of contents and index, but also by means of the standard
scheme of classification in accordance with which all elements
are arranged; and finally, books on different regions will come
to exhibit a desirable uniformity of treatment, when they are
based on a common scheme of systematic geography. Al-
though no books of this kind now exist, I -do not think it over-
venturesome to say that some such books will soon exist, and
that they will form very serviceable contributions to the
literature of our subject.
The various recommendations that I have made are likely
to remain in the air, or at most to secure response only from
isolated individual students, unless those who believe that
the adoption of these recommendations would promote the
scientific study of geography are willing to give something of
their time and thought towards organizing a society of geo-
graphical experts — an American Geographers Union. From
such a union I am sure that geography would gain strength,
but it is not yet at all clear in my mind that any significant
number of persons would care to accept the strict conditions
of organization which appear to me essential for the success
of such an enterprise. The most important of the conditions
are as follows:
W. M. DAVIS. 501
I St. The adoption of some definition for geography that
shall sufficiently indicate the boundaries as well as the content
of this broad subject.
2d. The limitation of membership to persons with whom
geography as thus defined is a first or at least a second interest,
and by whom more than one geographical article of advanced
grade, based on original observation and study, has been
published.
3d. The independence of the union thus constituted of all
other geographical societies.
Although we cannot adduce any existing geographical
society in this country as a witness competent to prove
that geography has sufficient unity and coherence to tempt
geographei« to form such a union as is here contemplated,
a careful review of the problem convinces me that a suffi-
cient unity and coherence really exist in the science as I
have here treated it; and I therefore believe that the for-
mation of an American Geographers Union is feasible as well
as desirable.
It has been my object in this address to describe briefly the
status of mature geography in our country, and to suggest
several steps that might be taken for its improvement.
Certain branches of the subject have reached a high develop-
ment, but the subject as a whole does not thrive with us.
The reason for its relative failure is not, I believe, to be found
in the very varied nature of its different parts, but rather in
the failure to place sufficient emphasis on those relationships
by which, more than by anything else, geography is to be dis-
tinguished from other sciences, and by which, more than by
anything else, geographers may come to be united. Among the
great number of persons — many thousands in all — ^whose atten-
tion is given primarily to subjects that are closely related to
geography as here defined, there must certainly be many —
probably several hundred — with whom mature scientific geog-
raphy is a first interest. It is upon these persons, geographers
by first intention, that the future development of sound and
thorough, mature and scientific geography among us primarily
depends. To these geographers in particular, I would urge
502 SECTION B.
the importance of developing the systematic aspects of the
science, and of constantly associating the special branch that
they ctiltivate with the subject as a whole. Observation
will not suffice for the full development of geography; critical
methods of investigation, in which deduction has a large
place, must be employed; for only by the aid of careful
theorizing can an understanding of many parts of the subject
be gained. With the progress of systematic geography we
may expect to see a parallel progress of local or regional
geography. As the science is thus developed, societies of
mature geographical experts will be formed, and scientific geog-
raphy will thrive; but whether thus developed into a thrivmg
science or not, I hope that another long term of years may
not pass without a representative of geography in this vice-
presidential chair.
PAPERS READ.
An American Geographers' Union. By W. M. Davis.
The Concentration op Geographical Publications. By
Israel C. Russell.
Two Classes of Topographic Relief. By George Carroll
Curtis.
Evidences of Recent Differential Movement along the
New England Coast. By Geo. Carroll Curtis.
FossiLiPBRous Sandstone Dikes in the Eocene op Tennessee
AND Kentucky. By L. C. Glenn.
The Fauna of the Potter Creek Cave. By W. J. Sinclair.
[The following papers were read before the Geological Society
of America.]
Observations on the Geography and Geology of Western
Mexico. By Oliver C. Parrington.
504 SECTION E.
New Studies in the Ammonoosac District op Nbw Hampshire.
By C. H. Hitchcock.
Studies in the Western Finger Lake Region. By Charles
R. Dryer.
Note on the Geology of the Hellgate Valley between*
Missoula and Elliston and Northward to Placid Lake.
IN Montana. By N. H. Winchbll.
A Fossil Water Fungus in Petrified Wood from Egypt. Br
Alexis A. Julien.
The Development and Relationships op the Rugosa (Tbtra-
coralla). By J. E. Duerden.
The Sudbury Nickel-Bearing Eruptive. By A. P. Colbma.v.
The Widespread Occurrence of Fayalite in Certain Igneous
Rocks of Wisconsin. By Samuel Weidman.
Structural Relations of the Granites of North Carolina.
By Thomas Leonard Watson.
Field Work in the Wisconsin Lead and Zinc District. Br
U. S. Grant.
PAPERS READ. 505
Molybdenite at Crown Point, Wash. By A. R. Crook.
Recent Studies in the Physiography op the Ozark Region
IN Missouri. By C. F. Marbut.
The Physiography and Glaciation op the Western Tian Shan-
Mountains, Turkestan. By W. M. Davis and E. Hunt-
ington.
A System op Keeping the Records op a State Geological
Survey. By E. R. Buckley.
The Tectonic Geography op Southwestern New England
AND Southeastern New York. By WiLLfAM Herbert Hobbs.
The Lineaments op the Eastern United States. By William
Herbert Hobbs.
A Pre-glacial Peneplain in the Driptless Area. By U. S.
Grant and H. F. Bain.
The New Cone op Mont Pele and Other New Features op
THE Mountain. By E. O. Hovey.
506 SECTION E.
SoMB Striking Erosion Phenomena Observed on the Islands
OP St. Vincent and Martinique in 1903. By E. O. Hovey.
The Grand Soufriere of Guadaloupe. By E. O. Hovey.
Domes and Dome Structure in the High Sierra. By G. K.
Gilbert.
The Trent River System and the St. Lawrence Outlet. By
Alfred W. G. Wilson.
Postglacial Changes op Attitude in the Italian and Swiss
Lakes. By Frank Bursley Taylor.
The Basin of the Po River. By George L. Collie.
Nantucket Shore Lines, II. By F. P. Gulliver.
The New Geology under the New Hypothesis op Earth
Origin. By Herman L. Fairchild.
The Humboldt Region; a Study in Basin Range Structure.
By G. D. Louderback.
PAPERS READ. 507
Glacial Erosiok in the Finger Lake Region, New York.
By M. R. Campbell.
Evidences of Slight Glacial Erosion in Western New York.
By H. L. Fairchild.
Waning op the Glaciers op the Alps. By H. L. Fairchild.
The Carboniferous of the Appalachian Basin; Part II,
THE POTTSVILLE, By J. J. StEVENSON.
Notes on the Deposition of the Appalachian Pottsvillb.
By David White.
The Benton Formation in Eastern South Dakota. By J.
E. Todd.
Further Studies of Ozark Stratigraphy. By C. F. Marbut.
The Iroquois Beach in Ontario. By A. P. Coleman.
Evidence of the Agency op Water in the Distribution of
THE Loess in the Missouri Valley. By George Frederick
Wright.
5oS SECTION E.
The Loess at St. Joseph. By Luella Agnes Owbn.
Fresh-water Shells in the Loess. By B. Shimek.
Comparison of the Stratigraphy op Black Hills, Big Horn
Mountains, and Rocky Mountains, #Front Range. By
N. H. Darton.
SECTION F.
ZOOLOGY
OFFICERS OF SECTION P.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section,
£. L. Mark. Cambridge, Mass.
Secretary,
C. JuDSON Herrick, Granville, Ohio«
Member of Council.
A. M. BlbiI/B.
Sectional Committee,
C. W. Hargitt, Vice-President, 1903; C. Judson Hbrrick, Secre-
tary, 1903; E. L. Mark, Vice-President, 1904; C. Judson
Herrick, Secretary, 1904.
H. F. OsBORN, I year; S. H. Gage, 2 years; C. H. Eigbnmann, 3
years; H. B. Ward, 4 years; Frank Smith, 5 years.
Member of General Committee,
Jacob Rbighard.
Press Secretary,
C. Judson Herrick.
ADDRESS
BY
CHARLES W. HARGITT,
VICE-PRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN OF SECTION F FOR 1903
SOME UNSOLVED PROBLEMS OF ORGANIC
ADAPTATION,
With the advent of the ** Origin of Species" became cur-
rent the naturalistic interpretation of organic nature » epito-
mized in such phrases as ** natural selection," ** survival
of the fittest," etc. So rapid and general was the accept-
ance of this conception as a working hypothesis that in
thirty years, or within a single generation, Wallace made
bold to claim for it universal recognition in the well known
and oft-quoted declaration, "He (Darwin) did his work so
well that descent with modification is now universally ac-
cepted as the order of nature in the organic world."
As a general statement of the fact of evolution, as the
phrase maybe literally interpreted, it may, after fifteen addi-
tional years of intense biological activity, be as vigorously
claimed and as readily conceded. If, however, it be so inter-
preted as to include the full content of Darwinism and the
all-sufficiency of natural selection as the prime factor, with
its details of endless adaptations to environment, whether
physical or physiological, it need hardly be said that consent
would be far less general or prompt.
Moreover, with the highly metaphysical and speculative
deductions which, under the caption of '*Neo-Darwinism, "
or, more plainly, " Weismannism," which have boldly assumed
the omnipotence and all-sufficiency of natural selection
to account for the least and last detail of organic differentia-
SI 2 SECTION F.
tion or constancy, widespread doubt and open protest are
too common to elicit surprise or comment.
It need hardly be pointed out at this late day, though it
is more or less persistently ignored, that primitive Darwin-
ism, while essaying to explain the origin of species, and em-
phasizing the importance of natural selection as a means
in the process, did not in the least presume to account for the
origin of variation and adaptation, which were recognized
as fundamental and prerequisite in affording conditions
without which natural selection must be hopelessly impotent .
Nor, moreover, should it be overlooked that while recognizing
the inseparable correlation of the factors just mentioned and
their essential utility either to the individual or species in the
majority of cases, Darwin was free to concede and frank in
declaring the efficiency of many other factors in the intricate
and complicated problems of organic evolution.
The recent impulse which has come to biologic progress by
experimental methods, and the remarkable results which
have been attained thereby, may without exaggeration be
said to have raised anew many an earlier doubt as well as
brought to light problems apparently quite beyond the scope
of the older explanations. It may not, therefore, be an ex-
travagant assumption to announce the entire question of
organic adaptations as open for reconsideration, in the light
of which no apology will be necessary for directing attention
to certain phases of the subject upon the present occasion.
Among the many problems which recent investigations
and conclusions have brought into better perspective as
well as sharper definition, and which might profitably be
discussed, the limits of a single address preclude any verj*- wide
range of review. I have, therefore, chosen to restrict my
discussion chiefly to problems of coloration among lower in-
vertebrates, including incidental references to correlated sub-
jects, and the probable limitations of color as a factor in or-
ganic adaptation.
Interesting as it might be to glance at the earlier views of a
subject, the nature of which from earliest times must have
been a source of keen interest to mankind in general, and
CHARLES W. HARGITT. $1$
which must have appealed to the aesthetic and rational nature,
inspiring not only poetic imagery but admiring awe and a
devout fervor akin to reverence, it must suffice in the present
discussion to hold attention well within the period of thought
immediately concerned, which, as already indicated in the
opening prargraph, was brought into prominence by the
** Origin of Species."
As is perfectly well known, color in nature is due to one of
two causes, or to a combination of both, namely: (i). What
has been termed optical or structural conditions, such as dif-
fraction, interference or unequal reflection of light, examples
of which are familiar in the splendid hues of the rainbow, the
irridescent sheen and metallic colors of the feathers of many
birds, wings of insects, etc. (2). What are known as pigmentary
colors, due to certain material substances lodged within the
tissues of animals or plants which have the property of ab-
sorbing certain elements of light and of reflecting others, and
thereby producing the sensation of color. While the two are
physically quite distinct it is not unusual to find them asso-
ciated in producing some of the most exquisite color effects
of which we have knowledge. In a general way one may
usually distinguish between these two sorts of color by noting
that those which are purely optical in their character produce
a constantly changing impression as the relative position of
object or observer may happen to vary with reference to the
angle and direction of light ; while upon the other hand colors
which are due to pigments show this property very slightly
or not at all, and that, moreover, pigment colors are usually
more or less soluble in various reagents, such as alcohol, ether,
acids, alkalies, etc., and that they often fade rapidly under
the influence of strong light or in its absence, or upon the
death of the organism.
The presence of many and various colors in inorganic
nature, the large majority of which are due to purely physical
causes, such as the colors of the ocean, the sky, the clouds,
the mineral or gem, while appealing to our sense of beauty
elicit no special inquiry as to their significance or purpose.
It suffices to know that they are constitutional or structural,
5l6 SECTION P.
be explored, as well as an introduction to that already made
available. And while as a result of this activity many and
various organic pigments have been isolated and their com-
position in part or entirely made known, it must be recognis^ed
that the task of the chemical analysis of any such highly
complex compounds as most of these are known to be is
attended with extreme difficulty and no small measure of
uncertainty. Still, it has been possible to fairly distinguish
several classes of such pigments, differentiated physiologically
as follows: —
First. — Those directly serviceable in the vital processes of
the organism. Under this head may be classed such pig-
ments as haemoglobin, chlorophyll, zooner5rthrin, chloro-
cruorin, and perhaps others less known. It need not be em-
phasized that by far the most important of these are the two
first named. The others, found chiefly among the lower in-
vertebrates, are believed to serve a function similar to the
first.
Second, — Waste products. Among these the several bili-
ary products are too well known to call for special note.
Guanin is a pigment of common- occurrence in the skin of
certain fishes and is associated with the coloration of the
species. Similarly certain coloring matters have been found
in the pigments of many lepidoptera, known as lepidotic acid,
a substance closely allied to uric acid and undoubtedly of the
nature of a waste product.
Third. — Reserve products. Of these there are several series,
one of which, known as lipochrome pigments, is associated
with the metabolism involved in the formation of fats and
oils. Perhaps of similar character are such pigments as
carmine, or rather cochineal, melanin, etc. It may be some-
what doubtful whether these pigments do not rather belong
to the previous class, where should probably be listed such
products as haematoxylin, indigo, etc., etc., all of which have
been claimed as resultants of destructive metabolism in pro-
cess of being eliminated from the physiologically active tis-
sues of the body of the organism. Of similar character is
probably tannic acid, a substance well known among plant
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 517
products and involved in the formation of many of the brownish
and rusty colors of autunm foliage, particularly of the oaks
and allied trees, as are the lipochromes in the formation of
the reds and yellows which form so conspicuous a feature
among auttunn colors.
While the association of these and other pigmentary matters
has long been known in connection with both animal and plant
growth, and while the conception of their more or less intimate
relation to the active metabolism of the various tissues is not
new, comparatively little has been done toward directly
investigating and elucidating the exact nature and extent
of the process. This seems to be especially the case in rela-
tion to the part played by these products in the formation of
those features of coloration among organisms with which we
are now concerned.
The most strenuous advocates of the primary importance of
natural selection as the chief or only factor in adaptation
are free to admit that among the simplest forms particularly,
color has originated in some more or less obscure way through
growth or some of the vital activities of the organism, Dar-
win, for example, merely suggesting that "Their bright tints
residt from the chemical nature or minute structure of their
tissues," and Wallace in the even less explicit statement
that ** color is a normal product of organization," whatever
that may imply.
So far as I am aware Bisig was among the earliest to claim
that among certain annelids the colors were primarily ex-
pressions of the katabolic processes of the tissues, and were
excretory in character. He was able to largely demonstrate
this with species of Capitellidae by experimental methods.
By feeding the animals with carmine he was able to follow
its course through the alimentary tract, its progress through
the tissues, and final deposition in the hypodermal tissues
beneath the cuticle, where in the process of moulting it was
finally eliminated. He also found that in a species of Eunice,
which fed upon sponges, the pigment granules of the food
passed unchanged through the intestine and into the body
tissues much as had been the case in the experiments with the
preceding.
5l8 SECTION F.
Graff later reached very similar conclusions concerning
coloration in the leeches, but was able to go a step farther
than Eisig had done and to show in great detail the exact
process through which it was brought about. He found in
the endothelium certain migatory cells which wander about
in the coelom or penetrate through the tissues, and that among
their functions one of the most important seems to be the
absorption of foreign bodies and their conveyance into the
mouths of the nephridia or through the tissues to the hypo-
dermis and their lodgment in that tissue. He was even able
to show that the special markings or color patterns which are
so characteristic in some of the animals may be explained
by the disposition of the muscle bands, and their relation to
the lines of pigmentary deposition by the wandering cells,
which Graff has designated "excretophores.'* He was also
able to confirm the results of Eisig as to the experimental
demonstration of feeding with various pigmentary matters,
and subsequently tracing them from point to point in the
process of elimination. Furthermore he showed that the
amount and density of pigmentation was closely related to
the intensity of metabolism, being greatest in those specimens
which were most voracious feeders.
Observations of a similar character have been made upon
certain of the Protozoa, particularly upon Stentor. Schu-
berg in 1890 found that the blue-green pigment so character-
istic of this organism was constantly being excreted bodily in
the form of definite granules.
In 1893 Johnson, in an extended study of the morphology'
of these Protozoa, confirmed the preceding observations, and
showed that the pigment was excreted along with other ex-
crementitious matter. He found also that the principal re-
gion of excretory activity was at the base of the animal,
where was formed after a short time a definite mass of debris
near the foot.
Perhaps one of the most important contributions along this
line is that of Harmer on the character of the ** brown body"
of the Polyzoa. By a series of critical observations upon the
life-history of these interesting organisms, and painstaking
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 519
experiments in feeding with carmine and other pigments, he
was able to prove beyond reasonable doubt that the so-called
** brown body" of the Polyzoa is a direct product of the de-
structive metabolism within the body and is excreted in a
mass at this particular region. He found that the leucocytes
of the funicular organ as well as certain cells of the organ
itself engulfed pigmentary wastes, and with the periodic decline
of the polypides these cells became crowded into a close mass
thereby constituting the ** brown body." The new polypi de
arising by a sort of regenerative process was found to be al-
ways devoid of any coloration, no pigment appearing for
some time following the activity of the new polypide, but
that it is formed in regularly increasing amounts with the
age and degree of metabolism of the organisms.
Correlated with these views concerning the origin of certain
colors and their disposition in the organism is that of the rela-
tion of coloration to the food. It has long been known that in
many cases there is a more or less intimate relation of color
to the food consumed by certain animals. Instances of this
are too numerous for detailed consideration here. Let it suffice
that Darwin, Semper, Eimer, Koch, Beddard, Poulton, Giin-
ther, and many others, have, by extended observations and
by detailed experimentation , apparently established the general
fact. Beddard quotes the following observation made by
G. Brown-Goode as to such an explanation of protective
coloration in fishes. "On certain ledges along the coast of
New England are rocks covered by dense growths of scarlet
and crimson seaweeds. The cod-fish, the cunner, the sea
raven, the rock eel, and the wrymouth, which inhabit these
brilliant groves, are all colored to match their surroundings;
the cod, which has naturally the lighter color, being most
brilliant in its scarlet hues, while others whose skins have a
large and original supply of black have deeper tints or dark
red and brown." He then quotes farther the suggestions of
Goode that these colors are due to pigment derived either
directly or indirectly from the red algae; those which are
carnivorous feeding upon the Crustacea and other marine or-
ganisms whose stomachs are full of the algae and their pig-
ments which pass unchanged into the tissues of the fishes.
S20 SECTION F.
He also quotes a similar conclusion of Gtinther as to the origin
of the red pigment of the salmon being derived from the red
pigment of the Crustacea upon which it feeds. While ad-
mitting that in the cases just cited there has been no attempt
at demonstration of the proposed explanation, it yet would
seem highly probable. **It is too remarkable a coincidence
that the fish normally with but little pigment should when
among these weeds be bright red, and that the fish normally
possessing black pigment should be dark red, to permit of a
settlement of the question oflF-hand by the easy help of natural
selection — ^without at least some further inquiry."
With the foregoing considerations concerning the general
origin and development of pigments and their relations to the
colors of organisms, we may next proceed to pass rapidly in
review such groups of animals as we may choose to consider,
and may institute a brief inquiry as to the significance of their
types of coloration as factors of adaptation.
With the avowed purpose of restricting my observations
and discussion as far as practicable to the lower groups of
invertebrates as already announced, it will suffice to say further
that in justification of such a course I am constrained to con-
sider the lower animals, particidarly Coelenterates, as more
favorable subjects from which to obtain fundamental con-
clusions than are the more highly specialized insects or birds
which have had so large a measure of attention in earlier
investigations along these lines.
Furthermore, it seems highly probable that future investi-
gations will involve more of direct experimentation than has
hitherto been the case, and if so, these lower series will naturally
afford some of the best material available for such inquiries,
not only because of the more ready and rapid responses ob-
tained, but from the relative simplicity of their organization
and the consequent simplicity of results likely to be obtained
in each case.
If further warrant were demanded for a comparatively
limited survey, or special emphasis upon a limited group of
animals, I should find it in a measure in the personal interest
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 5 21
and familiarity which has come from special researches con-
nected therewith.
Beginning with the Hydrozoa it may be noted in the outset
that though including the simplest of the Coelenterates we
shall find a remarkable variety and range of coloration.
Among the hydroids, as is well known, coloration is neither
very remarkable as to brilliance nor distribution. Many, if
not most, are almost without color distinction, except in the
dull brownish or amber colors found in such as Obelia, Hal-
ecium, and other campantdarians. This may be due in part
to the fact that the colonies are so generally encased within a
chitinous perisarc which, while somewhat colored as already
indicated, is seldom if ever of any considerable brilliance or
diversity. Among the Tubularians, in many of which the
development of a perisarc is slight, and always lacking over
the hydranth itself, there is often foiuid considerable color-
ation, as in Eudendrium, Pennaria, Corymorpha, and others.
And in these color is usually foiuid associated more particu-
larly with the development of the sexual products, or during the
season of reproductive activity, which is a matter of con-
siderable significance, to be taken up in a latter connection.
As is well known, the predominance of alternation of genera-
tions in these animals brings into prominence the sexual phase,
which in most species is an ihdependent organism — the me-
dusa. And it is in connection with the medusae that we find
the most marked development of color. There does not,
however, appear to be any well-defined distribution of colors
into patterns. Among the Hydromedusae the distribution of
pigment, which is almost the only conspicuotis kind of color
present, is chiefly in association with the gonads, the tissues
of the stomach and the regions of the chymiferous canals,
though in some cases also extending to the tentacles and in the
regions of the sensory organs. It shotdd not be overlooked,
however, that in many of these medusae the color tints are
among the most beautiftd and delicate known, though lacking
the intensity more common among the Scyphomedusae and
corals.
Turning attention to the Scyphomedusae we find as just
522 SECTION F.
suggested a more copious development of color and also
what is more significant, in many cases its distribution into
something like definite patterns, as is more or less evident in
such genera as Cyanea, Pelagia and Rhizostoma. It is,
however, no less evident that among these we have, as in the
former, the deposition of pigment along the lines of most ac-
tive metabolism, such as the gastro vascular and reproductive
organs, in most abundance and usually of greatest brilliance.
It is, however, when we come to the Anthozoa, which in-
cludes the corals, actinians, sea-fans, etc., that we find the
climax of coloration, both as regards brilliance and intensity.
To look into the crystalline depths of the waters about a
coral reef where these varied forms thrive in great garden-
like areas is to gaze upon a scene, the fairy-like features of
which it would be difficult to exaggerate. Here are actin-
ians, corals, sea-fans, sea-feathers, etc., etc., which abound
in the richest profusion and endless variety, seeming to vie
with each other in the effort to produce the most exquisite
displays of every tint of the spectrum, in contributing to
the splendor of the ocean garden of which they are parts.
In the distribution of color there is not apparently any
advance as to differentiation over that found in the Scy-
phomedusae, if indeed as much, though among the actin-
ians certain stripings and mottlings occur over the exterior
of the body. It is worthy of note that in those forms in
which the tendency toward definite coloration is more evi-
dent there appears also to be in many cases considerable
variation of coloration. This is particularly noticeable in
such forms as Metridium and Cyanea.
Face to face with this rich profusion and beauty of color
what is its significance? How has it originated and what
does it mean? Is it simply the expression of some original
constitution peculiar to the entire class, and if so why does
it differ in so marked a degree among the different sub-
classes? We may safely dismiss such an alternative as alto-
gether unnecessary and without value as an explanation.
May it be considered as an adaptation to protection, the
result of natural selection? Certainly in no direct sense,
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 523
for without exception so far as I am aware the more brightly
colored forms are thereby rendered correspondingly more
conspicuous and therefore more liable to attack from enemies.
May it come within the category of '* warning" coloration,
due to the offensive cnidarian armor borne bv most of the
members of this phylum? So. not a few who have essayed
an account of the matter would have us believe. It seems
to me, however, open to serious doubt, aside from the fact
that it lacks evidence. On the other hand among hydroids
I have found that those having brighter colors are most lia-
ble to be eaten by fishes in the habit of feeding upon such a
diet. Furthermore various worms, snails, etc., which are
known to feed upon them would be more likely to be attracted
by colors than to be repelled. It is also matter of common
observation that such animals are much more abundant
among colonies of highly colored hydroids like Eudendrium,
Pennaria, and Tubularia than among species of ObeUa or
others of little color distinction. Many fishes with finely
adapted dental apparatus are constant feeders upon corals,
tranquilly browsing among the animated foliage of this
luxuriant forest.
Finally, may it come within the category of ** sexual selec-
tion " ? So far as I am aware no one has ventured to assign to
it any such a significance. Where sex characters are so little
differentiated as among at least a portion of the phylum such
an explanation would be as far-fetched as it would be unnec-
essary. While upon the part of some of the older natural-
ists there was a disposition to regard the massing of members
of the Scyphomedusae at certain times as having a sexual
meaning, it may be doubted whether it has any considerable
support in facts.
Concerning coloration among the Anthozoa, Duerden,
whose work on the group is so extended and so favorably
known, has summarized the following account:
"The prevalence of the yellow and brown color is easily
understood when an examination is made of the polypal tis-
sues. For in all instances in which it occurs, the entoderm
is found to be crowded with the so-called * yellow cells* or
524 SECTION P.
Zooxanthellae, which are unicellular, symbiotic algae, the chro-
matophores of which are yellow or yellowish green. That
these are the main cause of the external coloration may be
easily proved from colonies of Madrepora. In this genus
the polyps toward the apex of branches are nearly colorless,
and on a microscopic examination of the entodermal layer
Zooxanthellae are found to be absent while they are present
in abundance in older pigmented regions.**
These symbiotic algae are not, however, the only source of
color among the corals. Duerden finds ectodermal pigment
granules, aggregated in somewhat irregular, isolated patches
in some cases, in others somewhat regularly distributed.
He also found that a third source of coloration among
corals was the presence of what he has termed ** boring algae.**
These were both red and green, and penetrate into the skel-
etal mass and color it a distinct red or green, as one or the
other may be present.
In his work on the Actiniaria of Jamaica, this author has
found in many cases the presence of unicellular green algae
growing upon the surface and giving to the polyp a distinct-
ively green color. He found also superficial granular pig-
ments in certain species which could be removed by any ero-
sion of the ectoderm. I have foimd the same in several
species of New England actinians, and in some cases the pig-
mentation was irregularly distributed, sometimes in blotches,
sometimes in longutidinal stripes, more often the latter.
So extremely variable is the coloration in many of these
organisms that it is impossible to utilize it as a factor in
differentiating species. Duerden has called attention to
this feature among both corals and actinians, and believes
it to be due to the presence or absence of greater or less inten-
sity of light, and believes it to be an expression of the fact that
the Zooxanthellae are not able to thrive except under proper
light, and that, moreover, where light is too intense, as in
shallower waters, certain dark pigment found in such spec-
imens is thought to be due to its utility as a screen. While
there may be a measure of credibility as to phases of this
view, it does not seem to me as of general adequacy. The
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 525
variability of species to which I have just referred and to the
very common genus Metridium is certainly not due in any
appreciable degree to the factor of light, since it occurs in-
discriminately among specimens taken in identical situations
as well as under those of differing conditions.
In this connection may be mentioned the same phe-
nomenon among medusae. The variation of coloration in
Cyanea has long been known and is so marked that the elder
Agassiz distinguished two additional species chiefly on this
character, both of which have long since been discarded.
It is quite well known to observers that these animals when
placed in aquaria usually show within a very short time a
more or less marked diminution in colors. Dactylometra
while living fairly well for many days in the aquarium loses
within this time so much of its usually bright coloration as not
to seem like the same creature. The same is true of many
other animals than medusae. On the other hand it is equally
well known that many other animals may be placed under
these more or less artificial environments with little apparent
loss in this or other respect. That it is not due to light alone
is evident in the fact that similar changes occur in medusae
which have been kept in open pools or enclosures about docks
or elsewhere.
It seems to me rather that the true explanation is to be
found in the changed conditions of nutrition and the con-
sequent change in the metabolism of the animal. Hydroids
placed under these conditions show the same tendency.
Those which take kindly to the change show no appreciable
decline as to color or other vital process. The same is true
of medusae. Gonionemus may be kept for weeks in the aqua-
rium, and if properly fed will show no decline in color, while
if the conditions become bad an immediate change is noticeable
in this as well as other features.
The same may be said concerning the actinians. While
many seem to suffer noticeably when placed in aquaria others
show no apparent difference. Cerianthus membranaceus, one
of the finest of the actinians to be seen in the Naples aquarium,
and one of the most variable, shows no apparent decline in
526 SECTION F.
any vital function. Specimens have been kept in flourishing
condition in the aquarium for several years and show no sign
of decline, the coloration continuing as brilliant as in the open
sea. The same is true of many other organisms found in
finest conditions in this celebrated aquarium. Among the
annelids Protula soon shows decline in color vigor, and the
same is true, though to a less degree, in the case of Spiro-
graphis and Serpula.
While it may not be without probability that some measure
of this color change may be due in certain cases to the changed
conditions of light, it still remains true, I believe, that light
alpne is but a single factor, and that often a minor one in-
volved in the changes observed, and that changed conditions
of nutrition and metabolism are by far the more important.
The main factor of our problem, however, is still unsolved.
What answer shall we make to ourselves concerning the sig-
nificance of the multiform colors more or less general among
members of the Ccelentera? It seems to me more or less
evident that natural selection can have at best but a limited
place in its explanation. I see no place for it along the lines
of protection, either direct or indirect.
Of even less significance can any modification of it under
the guise of sexual selection be claimed; for even aside from
the large majority of cases where there is slight if any sex
differentiation, no sensory organization, which Dar\\fin recog-
nized as essential to the exercise of this factor, is present
through which it might become operative in even the small-
est degree.
Two, and only two, other methods of explanation have
seemed to me to afford a reasonable account. First, that
it is due primarily to the normal course of metabolism, during
which color appears as one of its many expressions. Darwin
himself was not indifferent to this possibility, and expressly
states in connection with the same problem that color might
very naturally arise under such conditions. "Bearing in
mind," he suggests "how many substances closely analogous
to organic compounds have been recently formed by chemists,
and which exhibit the most splendid colors, it would have
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 527
been a strange fact if substances similarly colored had not
often originated, independently of any useful end thus gained,
in the complex laboratory of the living organism." It has
also been pointed out in an earlier portion of this paper that
Wallace had to appeal to a similar source in his search for
the primary factors of animal coloration.
Geddes and Thomson in discussing the problems of sex
likewise make a similar claim. They declare, '* pigments of
richness and variety in related series, point to pre-eminent
activity of chemical processes in the animals which possess
them. Technically expressed, abundant pigments are ex-
pressions of intense metabolism." They further find in the
phenomena of bright colors among the males of most of the
higher animals simply the expression of the correspondingly
greater activities of the processes of metabolism.
I believe that in this source we have a real account of a
considerable body of color phenomena among the lower in-
vertebrates, and particularly of that series under present
consideration.
The second factor to which I would appeal is so nearly
related to the former as to be involved more or less intimately
therewith. It is to the effect that certain pigments are prod-
ucts of waste in process of elimination. This has already
been referred to in a former connection and need not be
separately emphasized apart from the concrete cases to which
it may be applied.
Strongly significant of the importance of this process
among the Hydrozoa is the fact already pointed out that
pigments are found deposited along the lines of principal
metabolism, namely, the gastro vascular regions, the gonads,
and to a less extent the immediate regions of sensory bodies,
when these may be present. While this alone as a mere state-
ment of fact does not prove the point at issue, when taken in
connection with other facts of a similar nature, it amounts
to a high degree of probability.
What evidence have we that in the case of hydroids, medusae,
etc. , colors are associated with excretory processes ? While the
facts are not numerous, they are I believe rather convincing.
528 SECTION P.
In work upon regeneration in hydroids, Driesch and Loeb
called attention to certain pigmentary matters found in Tubu-
laria and claimed for it an important function in the regen-
erative process. Morgan, and later Stevens, working upon
the same hydroid, became convinced that the claims of the
former investigators as to the importance of this pigment
were not well founded. They found that not only was the
pigment of no special importance, but that it was really a
waste product, and that during the process of regeneration
was actually excreted and finally ejected bodily from the
hydranth. I have personally been able to confirm these
results on the same and related hydroids, and have also shown
that in regenerating medusae there is formed de novo in each
regenerating organ, such as manubrium, radial canals, etc.,
the characteristic pigment of the normal organ. This was
particularly noticeable in the case of radial canals. Following
their regeneration and promptly upon their functional activity
the deposition of pigment made its appearance, and within
a comparatively short time had acquired the normal intensity.
This was also true of other organs, tentacles and tentacular
bulbs, as well as manubrium and canals.
Substantially the same results have been obtained, though
here first announced, in experiments upon one of the Scy-
phomedusae. In very young specimens where the tissues
are delicate it is possible to note the intense activity in regen-
erating organs, such as sensory body. The first part of this
organ to make its appearance is the sensory papilla, which
is soon followed by the otoliths, and later by the special pig-
mentation of the entire organ.
From the foregoing considerations three things seem to me
to be more or less evident :
First. — That in all regenerative processes a very marked
degree of metabolism is involved, whether in the mere meta-
morphosis of old tissues into new, or in the direct regener-
ation of new tissues by growth processes, both of which
seem to occur.
Second. — That in regenerative processes there is often asso-
ciated the development of pigmentary substances which seem
to have no direct function in relation thereto.
CHARLES W. HAR6ITT. 5^9
Third. — That in many cases there follows a more or less
active excretion and elimination of portions of the pigment
in question.
Concerning color phenomena among the several classes
of worms we are in much the same tmcertain state of mind
as in the former. For while in some of the annelids there
may be fotmd fairly well developed visual organs it may be
seriously questioned whether they are of any such degree of
perfection as would enable their possessors to distinguish
small color distinctions. And if this be the case there would
at once be eliminated any possibility of conscious adaptation
in seeking a suitable environment, or such as would be in-
volved in so-called sexual selection.
Furthermore, it is very well known that among this group
some which exhibit among the richest of these color phenom-
ena have their habitat in seclusion, buried in sand or mud,
or hidden beneath stones, or with tubes built up from their
own secretions, or otherwise so environed as to render prac-
tically nil the operation of natural selection.
Again, it should not be overlooked in this connection that in
many of the annelids, as well as others, the most pronotmced
source of color is to be fotmd in the haemoglobin dissolved
in the blood, and that it would be as futile to ascribe its color
to natural selection as it would to claim a similar explanation
of the color of the same substance in the blood of vertebrates,
where as color it is absolutely of no selective value, except
in such special cases as the colors of the cock's comb, where it
may come to play a secondary ftmction as a sex character.
What shall be said of such forms as Bipalium and Geoplana
among land planarians, which exhibit in many cases brilliant
coloration, but since they are chiefly nocturnal in their habit
and conceal themselves during the day imder logs or other
cover, the color could hardly serve any selective or adaptive
function ?
The same is equally true of such forms as Nemerteans whose
habitat is beneath the sand along the tide line or below, and
also of many annelids having a similar habitat. Some of
these, particularly among the latter, have types of coloration
530 SECTION F.
which are often of brilliant character and splendid patterns,
vying, as one writer has expressed it, * *with the very butter-
flies."
It cannot be questioned that in some cases we find antiong
these forms what would seem at first sight to be splendid illus-
trations of protective coloration. If, however, we trace in detail
their distribution and variable habitat we shall often find,
as did Semper in the case of Myxicola, that the supposed case
of marvelous mimicry resolves itself into merest coincidence.
This case cited by Semper is described in detail in ** Animal
Life,** and its careful study by some of our over-optimistic
selectionists would prove a healthy exercise, conducing to
a more critical scientific spirit and, as a consequence, to saner
interpretations of appearances in the light of all the facts.
The mimicry in the case was of coral polyps among which
the annelid was found growing and which, in the form of its
branches, their size and coloration, seemed so perfect that
it had long escaped notice and was described by Semper as
a new species.
It was found in various localities among the corals, but
invariably having precisely the same simulation of the polyps,
so that Semper noted it as among the finest cases of mimicr}-
which had come to his attention. It so happened, however,
that soon after he happened to discover his mimetic Myxicola
growing upon a sponge whose color and form were so different
as to render it very conspicuous. A systematic search for
it in other situations soon revealed it among the rocks, and
in his own language, ** Almost everywhere, and wherever I
examined it carefully, it was exactly of the size and color
of the polyps of Cladocora caspitosa.''
Attention has already been called to Eisig's account of
coloration among the Capitellidse, in which he discards the
factor of natural selection as wholly inadequate in the case
of the organisms under consideration as well as in many
others, and refers to many investigators who have likewise
found it deficient. In his exhaustive monograph the sub-
ject is discussed in considerable detail and references given
which it would be impracticable to cite in such a review
as the present.
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 531
It will be possible to refer but briefly to another group or
two in the present discussion, the first of which is the
Echinoderms, and chiefly the starfishes. As is well known
these organisms exhibit a considerable range of variety and
richness of coloration, among which red, orange, brown,
yellow and black are more or less common. In not a few
cases of course the colors comprise combinations of two or
more of those named. An examination has been made of
these pigments in a few cases and has sufficed to show
that for the most part they are lipochromes, and therefore
belong to either reserve or waste products. Similar colors
are also found among the brittle-stars, with occasional ad-
mixtures of blue or green, colors less common in the former
group.
As is also well known similar colors are found among the
Crustacea, into a consideration of which it is impossible to
enter here. There is a matter, however, which I cannot
ignore in connection with the group, namely, the rather re-
markable fact that in two phyla having so little in common
as to habit, structure or environment, there should be so
striking a color resemblance. This is further heightened by
the fact that while the one is a prey to almost every denizen
of the sea of predatory habit, the other is almost correspond-
ingly exempt. So far as I know Echinoderms have few ene-
mies, and are of course largely invulnerable against such as
might otherwise find palatable feeding among these sluggish
herds. If the color is in the one case protective, why not
in the other? Or if it be not protective on the other hand,
why claim such in the first ? That sexual selection might have
some place among Crustacea may not seem improbable.
But if color is its signal here what does it imply among
Echinoderms, where in the nature of the case it must be ruled
out of accoimt ?
Discussing the significance of colors among the Echinoderms
Mosely submits the following interesting problem: ** Those
coloring matters which, like those at present under consid-
eration, absorb certain isolated areas of the visible spectrum,
must be considered as more complex, as pigments, than those
532 SECTION P.
which merely absorb more or less of the ends of the spectrum.
. . .It seems improbable that the eyes of other animals
are more perfect as spectroscopes than our own, and hence we
are at a loss for an explanation on grounds of direct benefit to
the species of the existence of the peculiar complex pigments
in it. That the majority of species of Antedon should have
vivid coloring matters of a simple character, and that few
or only one should be dyed by a very complex one, is a re-
markable fact, and it seems only possible to say in regard to
such facts that the formation of the particular pigment in
the animal is accidental, i, e,, no more to be explained than
such facts as that sulphate of copper is blue.'*
Considered from the standpoint of metabolism such facts
would hardly seem to assume the difficulty which might be
implied in the case just cited, indeed they are in perfect
alignment with what might be anticipated, and what has in
cases previously cited been found to be actually occurring.
Similar conditions as to color and color significance are
also matters of common knowledge in relation to MoUusca.
Perhaps few groups among animals exhibit more brilliant
and varied colors than are to be found aniong Gasteropods,
yet in many of them this factor can have no more value as a
means of adaptation than do biliary pigments or Haemoglo-
bin among vertebrates, where as pigments their significance
is nil. Of them, Darwin with his usual frankness, has said,
as previously cited, "These colors do not appear to be of any
use as a protection; they are probably the direct result, as in
the lowest classes, of the nature of the tissues — the patterns
and the sculpture of the shell depending on its manner of
growth." Referring in the same connection to the bright and
varied colors of Nudibranchs, he further declares, *'many
brightly colored, white, or otherwise conspicuous species, do
not seek concealment ; whilst again some equally conspicuous
species, as well as other dull colored kinds, live tmder stones
and in dark recesses. So that with these nudibranch molluscs,
color apparently does not stand in any close relation to the
nature of the place which they inhabit. "
Into the classic shades afforded by the insecta as a fruitful
CHARLES W. HARGITT. 533
haunt and stronghold of nattiral selection I must not venture.
Not that its problems have all been solved, nor that some
considered as settled beyond controversy may not have to be
readjusted, not excepting the much exploited Kalima itself,
but out of pure regard for the exigencies of the occasion.
No more dare I presume to enter the abysses of the deep
sea and to pass in review its manifold and almost untouched
problems of color significance, great as is the temptation and
attractive as are its inducements. It must suffice to suggest
that had half the ingenuity which has been exercised to
bring these problems into alignment with the general sway
and supposed supremacy of natural selection been employed in
an analysis of the pigments and some eftbrts mtade to discover
the origin of coloration and its general significance as a phys-
iological, rather than as a physical one, we should have been
saved the sad rites attending the obsequies of still-bom
hypotheses and half developed theories. The desperate
attempt to save natural selection from drowning in its sub-
marine adventures by lighting its abyssal path with the flicker-
ing and fitful shimmer of phosphoresence was worthy of a
better cause. It is difficult to be serious with this phase of
a subject the nature of which demands an3rthing but rid-
icule or satire. But the attempts to illtmiinate the quies-
cent abysses with the dull glow which tmder all known con-
ditions requires, if not violent, at least vigorous stimulus
to incite it, and the assumption that its sources were sufficient
to meet even a moiety of the necessities involved, makes a
draft upon one's credulity which might arouse either indig-
nation or the sense of the ludicrous, depending upon the point
of view! But seriously, such a conception apparently loses
sight of too many evident known Qoiiditions of phosphores-
ence with which we are familiar, not to mention the growing
belief that the phenomenon is in itself of the nature of one
of the wastes of metabolism, to justify the herculean attempt
to make it serve a cause so desperate.
As a concluding word allow me to say that in the present
review I have not in the least sought to ignore or discredit
the value of natural selection as a factor in organic evolution.
534 SECTION F.
Nor would I be tinderstood as wholly discarding color as a
factor in organic adaptation, partictdarly among the higher
and more specialized forms. At the same time I must
submit to a growing conviction that its importance has been
largely overestimated, and that other factors have been as
largely lost sight of. If the present discussion may serve in
even the smallest degree to direct attention to some of the
latter it will have served its chief purpose.
PAPERS READ.
[Titles preceded by an asterisk were presented by Section P,
others by the Central Branch of the American Society of Zoolo-
gists, in joint session.]
*The Albatross Rookeries on Laysan. By C. C. Nutting.
A Restricted Habitat of Scutigerblla immaculata (New-
port), together WITH some remarks ON THE AnIMAL AND ITS
Habits. By S. R. Williams.
On THE Analogy between the Departure from Optimum Vital
Conditions and Departure from Geographic Life Centers.
By C. C. Adams.
*A Feature in the Evolution of the Trotting Horse. By
P. E. Nipher.
Further Observations on the Breeding Habits and on the
Function of the Pearl Organs in Several Species of Evbn^
tognathi. By Jacob Reighard.
♦Phototaxis in Ranatra. By S. J. Holmes.
♦Studies on Protoplasmic Structure. By A. W. Grbbly.
Amitosis in the Embryo of Fasciolaria. By H. L. Osborn.
S36 SECTION F.
*0n thb Morphology op Artipicial Parthbnoobnbsis in thb
Sba-urchin, Arbacxa. By S. J. Huntbr.
^Biological Intbrprbtation op Skbw Variation. By Prank
E. LuTz.
Thb Corrblation op Brain Wbight with othbr Charactbrs.
By Raymond Pbarl.
*Thb Rblatxon bbtwbbn thb Law op Ancbstral Hbrbdity and
Mbndblianism. By Prank. £. Lutz.
Evolution without Mutation. By C. B. Davbnport.
^Studies in Compensatory ^bgulation. By Charles Zblbny.
Iridbscbnt Pbathers. By R. M. Strong.
*Study op Cross-sectional Courses through the Brain with
Cortex Surpace Relations by Aid op Puller Sections and
Models. By Charles H. Hughbs.
The Morphology op the Vertebrate Head prom the View-
point OP THE PuNCTIONAL DIVISIONS OP THB NbRVOUS SySTBM.
By J. B. Johnston.
The Vascular System and Blood Plow in Diplocardia com-
munis Garman. By Prank Smith and J. T. Barrett.
♦The Dippusion op North American Hawk Moths. By F. M
Webster.
PAPBR8 RBAD. 537
^Insect Lifb above Timber Line in Colorado and Arizona.
By Francis H. Snow.
*ThB SALBfONIDiE AND THYMALLIDiB OF ALASKA. By BaRTON
W. EVERMANN.
^Preliminary Description op a New Family op Gymnoblastic
Hydroids from the Hawaiian Islands. By C. C. Nutting.
The Development and Relationships of the Ruoosa (Tetra-
coralla). By J. B. Duerden.
Demonstration of Preparations made during a Study of the
LlFB-HfSTORT OP THE CeSTODE CrOSSOBOTHRIUM LACINIATUM
(Linton). By W. C. Curtis.
*The Types of Limb Structure in the Triassic Ichthyosaurs.
By John C. Merriam.
*A New Group of Marine Reptiles from the Upper Triassic
OF California. By John C. Merriam.
An Anomaly in the Arterial System of the Dog. By John
C. Brown.
The Brain and Nerve Cord of Placobdella pbdiculata. By
H. P. Nachtrieb.
The Mechanism op Feeding and Breathing in the Lamprey.
By Jean Dawson.
538 SECTION p.
♦Some Reactions of Mnbmiopsis leidyi. By Geo. W. Huktbr.
♦Mouth Parts and Oviposition op Gall-producing Insects.
By M. T/Cook.
♦The Bermuda Biological Station for Research. By £. L.
Mark.
♦A Theory of the Histogenesis, Constitution and Physiolog-
ical State op Peripheral Nerve. By Porter E. Sargent.
♦The Two Chief Faun^b of the Earth. By Alprsus S. Pack-
ard.
SECTION G.
BOTANY.
OFFICERS OF SECTION G. ' >
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section,
T. H. Macbridb, Iowa City, Iowa. !
Secretary,
F. E. Lloyd, New York, N. Y.
Member of Council.
G. F. Atkinson. .
Sectional Committee,
T. H. Macbridb, Vice-President, 1904; F. E. Lloyd, Secretary,
1904: F. V. CoviLLB, Vice-President, 1903; C. J. Cham-
BBRLiN, Secretary, 1903.
C. L Shbar, I year; W. A. Kbllbrman, a years; F. S. Earle,
3 years; C. E. Bbssby, 4 years; W. J. Bbal, 5 years.
Member of General Committee.
W. F. Ganong.
Press Secretary.
S. M. COULTBR.
PAPERS READ.
[The Mycological Society and the Botanists of the Central States
met conjointly with Section G.]
The Work of thb Year 1903 in Ecology. By H. C. Cowlbs.
Notes on the Botany op the Caucasus Mountains. By C. E,
Bbssey.
The Cypress Swamps op the Saint Francis River. By S. M.
Coulter.
Ecological Notes on the Islands op Bermuda. By S. M.
Coulter.
A Lichen Society op a Sandstone Riprap. By Bruce Fink.
Relation op Soil to the Distribution op Vegetation in the
Pine Region op Michigan. By B. E. Livingston.
Research Methods in Phytogeography. By F. E. Clements,
Ensayo para la pormacion db UN poto-hbrbario botanico y
medico db la plora Mexicana. By Fernando Altamirano.
The Alamogordo Desert. A Preliminary Notice. By T.
H. MacBride.
542 SECTION G.
The Flora op the St. Peter Sandstone in Iowa. An Ecologi-
cal Study. By B. Phimek.
An Ecologically Aberrant Begonia. By Wm. Trblbasb.
Plant Formations in the Vicinity op Columbia, Mo. By
Francis Daniels.
The Distribution op Some Iowa Plants: Formations on which
they Occur. By L. H. Pammel.
The Chemical Constituents op a Soil as Appecting Plant Dis*
TRiBUTioN. By S. M. Tracy.
Vegetation op the North Shore op Lake Michigan. By C.
MacMillan.
Zones op Vegetation About the Margin op a Lake. By W.
J. Beal.
The Genus Harpochytrium: its Development, Synonymy and
Distribution. By G. F. Atkinson.
The Phylogeny op the Lichens. By F. E. Clements.
The Necessity por Reporm in the Nomenclature op the Fungi.
By F. S. Earle.
Taxonomic Value op the Spermogonium. By J. C. Arthur.
PAPBRS READ. 543
Proof op the Identity op Pmoua and Phyllosticta on the
Sugar Beet. By Geo. C. Hedgecock.
Craterellus taxophilus. a New Species op THELEPHORACSiC.
By C. Thom.
The Fungi Cultivated by Texas Ants By A. M. Ferguson.
Symbiosis in Lolium. By £. M. Freeman.
Type op the Genus Agrostis. By A. S. Hitchcock.
The Morphology op Elodea canadensis. By R. B. Wylie.
Prothallia op Botrychium obliquum. By H. L. Lyon,
The Lipe History op Ephedra tripurca. By W. J. G. Land.
The Epfect op Chemical Irritation upon the Respiration op
Fungi. By Ada Watterson.
The Dehiscence op Anthers by Apical Pores. By J. A. Harris
Mitotic Division op the Nuclei in the Cyanophyce^. By
E. W. Olive.
544 SECTION G.
Chemical Stimulation of Alg^b. By B. £. Livingston.
Thb Differentiation of the Strobilus. By P. E. Clements.
The Histology of Insect Galls. By M T. Cook.
Morphology of Caryophyllacea.- By M. T. Cook.
The Phylogeny and Development of the Archegonium of
Mnium cuspidatum. By G. M. Holferty.
The Enzyme-secreting Cells in the Seedlings of Zba mais^and
Phcenix dactylifera. By H. S. Reed.
Discoid Pith in Woody Plants. By F. W. Foxworthy.
A Plea for the Preservation of Our Wild Flowers. By C.
E. Bessey and S. M. Coulter.
SECTION H.
ANTHROPOLOGY.
OFFICERS OF SECTION H.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section,
M. H. Saville, New York, N. Y.
Secretary.
Geo. H. Pepper, New York, N. Y.
Member of Council,
W J McGee.
Sectional Committee.
George A. Dorsey, Vice-President, 1903; Roland B. Dixon,
Secretary, 1903; M. H. Saville, Vice-President, 1904;
Geo. H. Pepper, Secretary, 1904.
W. H. Holmes, i year; F. W. Hodge, 2 years; W J McGbb, 3
years; Miss Alice C. Fletcher, 4 years; Geo. Grant
MacCurdy, 5 years.
Member of General Committee.
Amos W. Butler.
Press Secretary.
C. B. Hulbert.
PAPERS READ.
[The American Anthropological Association met in affiliation
with Section H.]
Presentation op Eoliths prom England and Belgium. Dan-
ish Museum op ARCHiSOLOGY. By George Grant MacCurdy.
The Cahokia and Surrounding Mound Groups. By David
I. Bushnbll, Jr.
The Mounds op the American Bottom op Illinois: Report on
A Group Hbrbtoporb not mentioned and a New Light
thrown upon Their Former Use. By H. Kinnbr.
The Aprican Pygmies. By S. P. Verner.
The Future op the Indian. By George A. Dorsey.
The Knipe in Human Development. By W J McGee.
The Torture Incident op the Cheyenne Sun-dance op 1903,
By George A. Dorsey.
The History of an Arickaree War Shield. By George A.
Dorsey.
Presentation op Ceremonial Flint and Facts Relative to
its Discovery. By H. M. Whelpley.
S4S SECTION H.
ARCHifiOLOGY OF THE ApTON SuLPHUR SPRINGS, INDIAN TERRI-
TORY. By R. H. Harper.
The Efficiency op Bone and Antler Arrow Points as shown
BY Fractured Human Bones prom Staten Island, New
York. By George H. Pepper.
Certain Rare West Coast Baskets. By H. Newell Wardlb
Stone Graves and Cremation Cists in the Vicinity of St.
Louis. By H. Kinner
Some Drawings from the Estufa op Jemez, New Mexico.
By a. B. Reagan.
A Glossary op the Mohegan-Pequot Language. By J. D
Prince and Frank G. Speck.
SECTION I.
Social and Economic Science.
OFFICERS OF SECTION I.
Vice-President and Chairman of the Section.
Simeon E. Baldwin, New Haven, Conn.
Secretary,
John Franklin Crowell, Washington, D. C.
Member of Council.
Marcus Benjamin.
Sectional Committee.
Simeon £. Baldwin, Vice-President, 1904; John Franklin
Crowell, Secretary, 1904; H. T. Nswcomb» Vice-Presi-
dent, 1903; Frank H. Hitchcock,
Secretary, 1903.
E. L. Corthell, I year; Carroll D. Wright, a years; B. £
Fernow, 3 years; Frank R. Rutter, 4 years; Wm. R.
Lazenby, 5 years.
Member of General Committee.
Allen R. Foote.
ADDRESS
BY
H. T. NEWCOMB,
VICE-PRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN OF SECTION I FOR I903.
SOME RECENT PHASES OF THE LABOR PROBLEM.
OLD PROBLEMS, BUT NEW CONDITIONS.
In the rapid development of modem industry old problems
are ever assuming new and perplexing phases, but intrinsically
new ones rarely develop. Each age is quick to imagine that
its difficulties exceed those which were conquered by its
predecessors, and to fancy the latter as free from the obstacles
in overcoming which the courage and genius of its own leaders
are subjected to their supremest tests. But this is the super-
ficial view only. Just as the principle upon which the most
complex mechanism performs its marvelously specialized
functions is to be found in the crudest labor-saving devices
of the earliest dawn of culture, so the most primitive in-
dustrial organization, when subjected to minute scrutiny,
is sure to present traces of those elements of friction which,
one after another, in different stages of progress, become the
particular and absorbing problems of generations to
which each in turn seems the sole serious impediment to
the realization of perfect conditions.
The labor problem is no exception. It is the struggle
between different factors in production over the relative
shares of each, and its origin lies deep in fundamental con-
ditions which have existed as long as men have known the
552 SECTION I.
wisdom of saving labor by the tise of tools and of conserving
productive resources by the device of private property. It
will persist, in one or another of its protean forms, until by
some unlocked for alchemy man learns to satisfy all human
wants without reqtiiring from any individual more labor or
abstinence than he will voluntarily tmdertake. In every
historic era this tmceasing struggle has left indelible traces
upon the record of man's progress, and rarely has it yielded
the place of primary importance in the minds of men to
anything less compelling than religious zeal.
A PERSISTENT INQUIRY.
How shall the comfort of satisfied economic wants be
divided between those who contemporaneously endure the
physical discomforts of toil and those who control the other
factors in production? This is the everlasting question
which, in various forms, has been asked and answered, re-
asked and answered again in unending repetition while
humanity has struggled from the crudest forms of industrial
organization, through slavery and serfdom, up' to the wages
system. It is asked to-day, when the share of the poorest
who labors with his hands is sufficient to purchase comforts
which a few centuries ago were beyond the reach of kings,
and although the agencies which Capital has established seek
daily in the uttermost limits of the earth and among the most
distant islands of the sea to bring thence and lay cheaply
at the feet of Labor every product that can satisfy or please,
the final answer is not yet. Indeed, in this most fortunate
land, where sturdy manhood has found nature in her most
generous mood and industry and genius have won an abtm-
dant and increasing harvest, there is at this hour of highest
prosperity a reverberating discontent which seems to some
to menace much that has been gained.
The organized demand for a better answer to this persis-
tent questioning than Labor has ever yet received appeals
strongly to the sympathies of those who love their fellowmen,
and, as long as it is kept within reasonable bounds by a due
sense of the responsibilities of strength and the rights of others,
H. T. NBWCOMB. 553
will have the aid and approval of the right-minded. But
sympathy may go where sanction must be denied, and
in every step of its perpetual struggle for what it rightly or
wrongly conceives to be the interests of Labor, and the means
of attaining a higher standard of comfort and ctdture, the
demands of organized labor must be subjected to intelligent
scrutiny, and the probable consequences ^f granting them
must be calmly and minutely examined.
CONDITIONS OP THE PROBLEM OF DISTRIBUTION.
Let us enumerate a few of the ftmdamental conditions of
this struggle over distribution. Capital is the great labor-
saving contrivance and the mother of all labor-saving devices.
Withdraw that which exists, and, with the most grinding toil,
the earth could not be made to support a tithe of its present
population. Stop its further accumulation, and industrial
progress would cease tmtil presently it should give place to
retrogression. Remove the incentive to abstinence, and
saving and accumulation wotdd stop, while the gradual con-
sumption of existing capital, not offset by replacement, wotdd
inaugurate a movement toward barbarism. Reduce the in-
centive, and the pace of progress will be proportionately
slackened. But Capital is not only the handmaiden of
Labor; it is the accumtdated product of labor. Wherever it
exists, it is conclusive evidence of previous eflfort and absti-
nence. Labor, alone, can pluck the ripened fruit; it cannot
increase the product by cultivation, for it cannot subsist
during the period of growth. Labor can wade in the stream
and catch a few fish with its naked hands, but it cannot spread
the net to gather food for a multitude unless Capital provides
for its immediate necessities while the fabric is being con-
structed. Labor can carry an armful of coal or a stick of
lumber, but the locomotive which hauls its train of fifty cars,
each containing one htmdred thotisand potmds of coal or
lumber, is Capital. But the instruments of husbandry, the
net, the locomotive, have no direct or final utility of their
own. Of themselves, they neither feed, nor clothe, nor house
the body of man, nor minister to .his higher needs. They
554 SECTION I.
will not be brought into being, tinless, for the effort expended
in their creation, their producers are guaranteed a fitting
recompense. This recompense must be a share in the prod-
ucts obtained through their agency and the economic name
for this share is ** interest.'* Interest, including in that term
compensation for the risk assumed, is all that Capital, as
such, ever obtaint from production; it is the least which it
will accept. It is high when the supply of Capital is small
in proportion to the demand for it, and low when the condition
is reversed. Profit is not for Capital; it is the wages of the
usually arduous labor of determining the direction of in-
dustrial investments or the differential reward of exceptional
economic foresight or technical skill. Those who reap pro-
fits are differentiated from those who receive wages by the
fact that profits are dependent upon success (possibly it is
better to consider that in the case of failure there are really
negative profits), while wages constitute a preferred claim, the
payment of which is usually arranged for in advance.
THE LIMIT OF WAGES.
Here, then, are the conditions of the problem. Labor
must have its wages at all times and under all conditions. In
the long run directing efficiency must have its profits and
Capital must have its interest. Wages may often absorb
portions of the shares of the other claimants, but unless
these are eventually satisfied, the efficiency of industry will
be impaired and capital will cease to accumtdate, either be-
cause the owners of wealth prefer to consume it or because
they hoard it rather than permit its use as capital on tm-
satisfactory terms. Thus is the limit of wages fixed. The
efforts of organized workingmen to secure higher wages
deserve approval so long as they do not threaten industrial
efficiency through a reduction of interest or profits below the
minimum limits respectively fixed by marginal capitalists
and entrepreneurs. Demands that exceed these limits would,
if granted, produce results which could only react unfavorably
upon those who made them. The increase and progressive
diffusion of industrial intelligence tend to reduce the amounts
H. T. NBWCOMB. 555
which can be effectively demanded by those whose service to
society lies in determining the character and organization ot
productive efforts, and the rapid accumulation of capital
tends to reduce the general rate of interest. Consequently,
wage-earners can reasonably anticipate an increasing share
of the value annually produced, and if, under favorable con-
ditions, they fail to receive it they may justly demand a
change in the proportion which they are accorded.
WHY WORKMEN ORGANIZE.
The instinct which impels workingmen to organize rather
than to deal separately with their employers is precisely the
same as that which at other points of economic contact has
tmiversally led to efforts to mitigate the consequences of com-
petition by the simple device of combination. The single
workman, dealing with an employer of many workmen en-
gaged to render similar service, is at exactly the same sort of
disadvantage which confronts the small manufacturer who
has to sell in a market to which a multitude of competing
producers have access on equal terms. There is nothing
strange in the fact that the characteristic movement of the
great industrial revolution which has been in progress since
the invention of the spinning jenny and the power loom has
left its impress upon Labor as well as upon Capital. If Labor
had not organized, it wotdd have been a sadly belated factor
in the industry of the opening years of the Twentieth century.
Just as Capital must continue to compete with Capital, so
Labor will compete with Labor as long as capitalistic pro-
duction and the wages system endure, but on either side
folly cotdd go no further than to seek the perpetuation of the
crude, cut-throat competition which seeks the immediate
extermination of the rival at whatever cost to the survivor.
Such competition is crude in its methods: it is destructive in
its consequences, and it is not, to-day, a means of attaining
the highest degree of economic efficiency. Both Capital and
Labor are amply justified in uniting to mitigate this kind of
competition. It is to be observed, in passing, that the capital-
istic combination, when fully justifiable, is the means of
5 $6 SECTION I;
economies in operation and management which lower the
cost of production, and in the face of actual or potential com-
petition are always finally expressed in reduced prices. The
labor combination has so far almost always lacked this justi-
fication, and the leaders must systematically seek it or their
organizations must continue to find their entire economic
basis in the mitigation of the evils of unrestrained and de-
structive competition.
THE employers' SIDE.
Enlightened employers do npt expect or desire to obtain
profits by securing the greatest aggregate of labor, measured
in hours or effort, at the lowest cost. The American manu-
facturer has seen the greatest productive efficiency coincide
with the highest wages, and he knows that the countries
where workmen receive the lowest real wages are unable to
compete in the markets of the world with those whose labor
is better paid. He is able to estimate somewhat accurately
the superiority of intelligent, well-fed, well-clothed, well-
housed and contented workmen over those who do not enjoy
similar advantages. He knows that every machine in his
factory works better in the hands of those whose standard of
living requires an high degree of comfort. Yet in the economic
philosophy of American employers there is no place, and there
should be none, for gratuities. High wages, liberal wages,
are preferred not from any imptdse of generosity, which would
be out of place and destructive of its own purposes, but be-
cause, dollar for dollar, the return from high wages exceeds
that from low wages. When this is not the case, it means
that the point of over-payment has been reached. The ex-
cess of the wages received by the overpaid group, in such an
instance, over the normal amount, is a burden which must be
borne by the other industries and the other workmen of the
same commimity. Each workman must give in labor a fair
equivalent for what he receives in wages, or some other work-
man will receive less than he gives. The employer who, for
the sake of continued peace during a period of high profits
or for any other reason, aids in establishing such a condition.
H. T. NBWCOMB. 557
Strikes a blow at industrial welfare which in the end will fall
most severely upon the wage earners. It is not claimed that
the practices of individual employers invariably attain to
these standards. Narrow selfishness and tmenlightened greed
sway their proportions of the members of every industry and
every grade in every industry. Employers have dealt grudg-
ingly and even cruelly with workmen in far too many instances
and always to their own injury. Yet the conditions which
make for fair dealing are so compelling, even if we omit the
paramount condition created by the force of public sentiment,
and they are so easily read, that it is not too much to say that,
in the main, American employers desire to deal fairly, and do
deal fairly with the men whose names are upon their pay-
rolls.
HOW IT LOOKS TO UNIONISTS.
The economic philosophy of general acceptance among the
members of labor organizations is not so easily grasped. In-
deed there is reason to believe that, except for a few general-
izations of the broadest character, there is no economic creed
to which American trade unionists as a class adhere. Among
their leaders, there is every shade of belief from the strong
individualism of John Mitchell to the socialism of Eugene Debs.
Even in the principles to which the various unions of the
American Federation of Labor adhere, there is no uniformity,
for we find organizations, like the United Mine Workers,
which desire a monopoly of all labor engaged in certain kinds
of production and move toward it by waging destructive war-
fare upon existing unions of more modest ambitions, side by
side with others which admit only the journeymen workers
of single highly specialized trades. Theoretical agreement is
probably confined to the propositions that the share of Labor
in the products of current industry should steadily increase at
the expense of the share of Capital, and that this can be accom-
plished by the enforcement of collective bargaining. It is
less surprising that the first proposition should be pressed by
some to the extreme of denying the validity of the claim of
Capital to even the smallest share in the benefits following
55^ SECTION I.
production than it is gratifying that the socialists, whose
philosophical system rests upon this view, have made so
little progress in their efforts to turn the labor movement
into an organized demand for the socialization of all industry.
DIVERGENT UNION METHODS.
Even in the current practices of unionism there is little
imiformity. At their best, as exemplified in the recent his-
tory of some of the brotherhoods of railway employees, these
practices tend to increase the dignity of Labor and to sim-
plify the relations between employers of large bodies of
Labor and the workingmen composing the latter. On the
other hand, there have been instances in every great city
and in most industries in which organized labor has been
made the means of denying to American citizens some of the
most fundamental rights of industrial liberty; of intolerable
interference with public order, and of oppression, falling with
equal injustice upon representatives of Capital and of Labor.
What more significant contrast could there be than that
offered by American unionism ; one day paying tribute at the
grave of P. M. Arthur, the conservative leader of a conserva-
tive organization, and, on another, parading tmder the leader-
ship of a creature under conviction for using his position in a
labor union as a means of blackmail and the grotesque figure
of the man whose infamous name has become a s3monym for
the unspeakable vileness of the lowest period in the political
degradation of the chief city of this cotmtry . Yet how short
the interval between the funeral of the late Grand Chief of the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the Labor Day
parade led by Parks and Devery.
CONDUCT THE TEST.
I do not bring these facts to your recollection without a
purpose. They are submitted as conclusive evidence of the
gulf which separates the best organizations from the worst.
Between these extremes are undoubtedly to be found repre-
sentatives of nearly every intermediate degree. In fact,
H. T. NEWCOMB. SS9
the same organization will not infrequently appear, within a
short period, to be gtiided by utterly divergent ethical and
economic principles. Such a lack of stability is of course un-
fortunate, but it is attributable to a cause that operates in all
voluntary associations, and at times even in the State itself;
absence of interest on the part of those whose influence, if
exerted at all, would usually fall on the conservative side.
The conclusion to be drawn from these facts is an important
one. They establish the principle that every labor organ-
ization and every demand of a labor organization must be
treated, and ought to be treated, according to its independent
merit. It is impossible to generalize far beyond the right of
workmen to organize, a right which no sane student of in-
dustrial affairs and no intelligent employer of labor ever
now disputes. Workmen have the right to organize and to
do so on such terms and for such lawful purposes as seem good
to them, but employers have an equal right to refuse to deal
with organizations whose purposes or methods would lead to a
loss in efficiency and to reject particular overtures whose ac-
ceptance would have that effect. Employers who earnestly
desire to accord to a movement, the persistence of which
against great opposition and in spite of enormous obstacles
of internal origin, establishes the economic soundness of its
central principle, will always strain a point in favor of dealing
with labor organizations. Indeed no employer ought to de-
cide to refuse to consider an offer to make a collective bar-
gain on the part of his employees except on the most con-
vincing grounds and with the greatest reluctance. To destroy
one labor organization is but to prepare the way for another,
and the elimination of one set of labor leaders will never
be more than the signal for others to enter upon the scene.
Nor are the new organizations and the new leaders always
to be preferred to the old.
FAIR TREATMENT FOR FAIR EMPLOYERS.
The character of a labor organization is to be measured by
its acts and by the principles to which it adheres. The most
common tests of character relate to the treatment of non-
56o SECTION I.
union men, restriction of output and the strike. Before any
of these, but not detracting from their importance, I should
put the attitude of the organization toward the fair employer.
What objection can be raised to the declaration that neither
a fair workman nor a just organization will enter into an
agreement which may compel tinfair treatment of a fair
employer. Yet this principle, so obviously jtist, is openly
and constantly violated by organized labor. Before the re-
cent Anthracite Coal Strike Commission, witness after witness
among those called on behalf of the striking mine employees,
testified that prior to the great strike of 1902, he had no griev-
ance against his employer, the Philadelphia and Reading
Coal and Iron Company. This great company enjoyed an
tmimpeachable record for fairness to its employees, and among
them there existed no doubt that shotdd unintentional wrong
occur it could readily be brought to the attention of its
mining superintendent and would be promptly and com-
pletely remedied. The man who holds this position, John
Vieth, has spent more than half a century in the anthracite
mines, beginning as a day laborer. He knows the mines and
the miners as probably no other man has ever known or can
ever know them: his sympathies are broad; his manner,
frank; his honesty, rugged; his fidelity to the industry and
every man in it, impartial and tmbreakable. The Reading
company reduced the price of powder a full decade before its
competitors; it established the sliding scale of wages; it
never owned a company store; it long ago established an
employees' insurance fund, and it pays its miners on the simple
per car and per linear yard systems. Yet the organizers,
who were sent to the anthracite fields from Illinois in the early
part of 1900, were able to induce the employees of the Reading
to pledge themselves to an agreement binding them to desert
their fair and generous employers whenever the miners in
the Northern and Western anthracite regions shotdd feel
sufficiently dissatisfied with the wages or conditions in their
fields to demand a general strike. This is precisely what
happened in May, 1902. The satisfied employees of the
Schuylkill region had no desire to strike, but because the men
H. T. NEWCOMB. 561
of the Other regions desired to do so, they consented to attack
the prosperity of the company which had brought prosperity
to them, and, with no grievance of their own, to strike a
severe blow against American industrial stability. This ac-
tion is typical of hundreds of instances in which the most
generous fairness on the part of individual employers has failed
to protect them against sharing the penalty of real or fancied
unfairness on the part of the owners of other establishments
with which they had no connection. In fact, with few ex-
ceptions, it is the current practice of American unionism
to refuse any special protection to the employer who distin-
guishes himself from his competitors by the liberal treatment
of his employees while, in a spectacular manner and with
unbending spirit, visiting the sins of those who displease them
alike upon the just and the unjust. Such a practice is de-
structive of the legitimate ends to be gained by organization.
It places the generous employer at a greater disadvantage
than that resulting from the ordinary competition of his rivals,
and utterly destroys the business advantage that ought to go
with righteous methods.
The principle which requires the fair treatment of fair em-
ployers must be established as a part of the creed of unionism
before the latter can become a gentiine means of industrial and
social betterment. This would require the revision of some
very prominent features of the methods now current among
labor organizations; it would abolish the sympathetic strike
and also the general strike which, in recent instances that all
will recall, has frequently paralyzed the industry of entire
sections. It would leave labor controversies to be settled
by the parties directly concerned and wotdd pretty effec-
tually deprive both of the equally fickle support and opposition
of public sentiment based on mere personal inconvenience
and annoyance.
TREATMENT OF NON-UNION MEN.
The attitude of many numerically strong labor organizations
toward those workmen who refuse to join their ranks ap-
proaches closely to a denial of personal freedom in matters
562 SECTION T.
concerning which no liberty-loving individual can submit to
dictation. No organization except Government can, with
the sanction of the intelligent and far-seeing, be permitted
to demand allegiance. Yet many labor leaders declare that no
workman has a moral right to remain aloof from their organ-
izations, and compare those who dare to do so with those
guilty of treason in its most repulsive forms. This doctrine
has its natural consequence, during the stress of great strikes,
in violence directed at the persons and property of those who
give practical expression to their independence by retaining
employment against the wishes of their fellows or by accepting
positions abandoned by those on strike. It would be absurd
to expect any other result. Idle men of somewhat limited
culture, of violent passions and possessing a strong sense of
the solidarity of their class, with abundant opportunities for
the development of mob spirit, will always attempt to compel
obedience to what they regard as the moral law when con-
vinced that those who violate it are doing so to the positive
injury of their class. Hence, when John Mitchell and
other leaders in the great strike of 1902 proclaimed against
violence, in the abstract, with one breath, and with the next
compared the men who were at work to Benedict Arnold and
to the tories of the Revolutionary period, they laid a founda-
tion upon which it is not strange that other men, whose oppor-
tunities to acquire self-control had been more limited than
their own, should erect a superstructure of violent interference
with the rights of others.
These leaders did not even verbally condemn the use of
the boycott for the purpose of enforcing the new command-
ment : " Without permission of the majority thou shalt not
work.'* It was invoked to drive the daughters and sisters
of non-union men from employment as teachers in the public
schools and in factories, to prevent medical attendance upon
the sick and to interfere with the interment of the dead.
Its most common use was to deprive families of the necessaries
of life and fathers who sought work for the sake of their
little ones were sometimes compelled to see them suffer from
hunger because no one dared to sell them food. From this
H. T. NBWCOMB. 563
expedient to dynamite how short the step. No one need be
surprised that it was repeatedly taken.
THE VOICE OF AUTHORITY.
It stills remains to be seen whether those who have been
most prominent in inculcating this new doctrine of the de-
pravity of refusing to join an organization and especially of
insisting on the right to work on terms which are unsatis-
factory to others will learn wisdom from the Anthracite Coal
Strike Commission and the President of the United States.
To appreciate the contrast between their teachings and those
of the great, extra-legal labor commission and the Pres-
ident who created it, it is necessary to compare certain ex-
pressions of Mr. Gompers and Mr. Mitchell with the later
official utterances of the Commission and the Presidient.
Mr. Gompers is the author of the following:
■" ... the individual workman who attempts to make
a bargain with the directors, or the representatives of such a
directorate, simply places himself in the position of a help-
less, rudderless craft on a tempestuous ocean. If he did but
himself a wrong we might pity him and concede not only his
legal but his moral right. But the workman who toils for
wages and expects to end his days in the wage-earning class,
as conditions seem to point, it will be a necessity, his bounden
duty to himself, to his family, to his fellowmen and to those
who are to come after him to join in the union.'*
Mr. Mitchell's expression is, perhaps, still more forcible.
He said of the non-union man who works during a strike
that :
**He is looked upon, and I think justly, in the same light
that Benedict Arnold was looked upon, or any traitor. He
is a man that fails to stand for the movement that the people
stand for, and, after all, the majority of the workers in any
particidar community reflect the public sentiment of that
community. It is the movement of the people of that com-
564 SBCTION I.
mimity, and if a man wants to desert his fellow workers and
wants to prevent them from accomplishing good ends, then
he is justly looked upon with disfavor by those who are rights
because his working does not affect himself alone. If it only
affected himself, it wotdd be a different proposition, but the
fact that he works helps to defeat the objects of the men who-
go on strike."
And then, answering the inquiry whether the *' lives of the
wives and children" of the men he had thus condemned
ought **to be made unendurable," Mr. Mitchell declared:
**I think those wives and children had better ask their
fathers."
Both of the foregoing declarations constituted part of the
record before the Anthracite Coal Strike Commission when
it unanimously adopted a report containing the following:
**The non-union man- assumes the whole responsibility
which restdts from his being such, but his right and privilege
of being a non-union man are sanctioned in law and morals.
The rights and privileges of non-union men are as sacred
to them as the rights and privileges of unionists. The con-
tention that a majority of the employees in an industry, by
voluntarily associating themselves in a union, acquire author-
ity over those who do not so associate themselves is un-
tenable. ... It should be remembered that the trade
union ... is subordinate to the laws of the land and
cannot make rules or regulations in contradiction thereof.
Yet it at times seeks to set itself up as a separate and distinct
governing agency, to control those who have refused to join
its ranks and to consent to its government, and to deny to
them the personal liberties which are guaranteed to every
citizen by the Constitution and laws of the land."
Finally, exercising the authority volxmtarily accorded to
it under the terms of the submission, the Commission estab-
lished the wise and salutary rule:
H. T. NBWCOMB. 565
"That no person shall be refused employment, or in any-
way discriminated against, on accotmt Of membership or
iion*membership in any labor organization; and that there
shall be no discrimination against or interference with any
employee who is not a member of any labor organization by
members of such organizations."
It is very highly to the credit of organized labor that
-among the seven members of the tribtmal which, without a
'dissenting voice, enunciated this ftmdamental principle of
fairness toward all labor sat the distinguished chief of the
Brotherhood of Railway Conductors, probably the ablest of
the living labor leaders of America, Edgar E. Clark. The
last paragraph quoted has received especial Presidential
approval, having been quoted in full in President Roosevelt's
letter of July 13 last to the Secretary of Commerce and
Labor, in which it is followed by these words:
•*I heartily approved of this award and judgment of the
Commission appointed by me, which itself included a member
of a labor tmion. This Commission was dealing with labor
organizations working for private employers. It is, of course,
mere elementary decency to require that all the Government
-departments shall be handled in accordance with the prin*
-dple thus clearly and fearlessly enunciated.**
Thus in decreeing that every productive establishment of
the Federal Government should be an ** open shop,*' in which
there shotdd be no discrimination among American citizens
on accotmt of race or creed or membership or non-membership
in any legitimate organization, the President in the plainest
terms gave the weight of his endorsement to the sotmd doc-
trine that the discrimination thus forbidden in the workshops
of the Government ought not, anywhere, to be permitted. The
freedom of American workmen cotdd not survive the general
abandoimient of the **open shop." It is infringed whenever
there is any discrimination such as can no longer exist in the
Oovemment shops. Workmen who have faith in their own
566 SECTION I.
abilities, who treasure the liberties won for them by their
predecessors here, who realize the spirit and the beauty of
the Golden Rule, will not seek to debar others from the right
to work on account of a disagreement as to the propriety
of the terms and conditions on which work can be obtained.
The **tmion label" is one of the milder measures for com-
pelling men to join organizations against whose principles
or practices they wish to protest by remainiiig aloof from
them. He who refuses to purchase goods not having this
label is attacking the independence of some fellow-citizen.
The employer who weakly assents to its use becomes a par-
ticipant in a conspiracy against those workmen who dissent
from the principles or methods of those who control the
organizations in their fields. It is not pleasant to condemn
a device which does afford some guarantee that the goods
to which it is attached are not produced under oppressive con-
ditions, but while giving partial protection against this danger
the ** union label'* threatens one of the most fundamental
and sacred rights of every individual. Divest it of its pro-
scription of the non-union man and its power for good will
win for it deserved welcome from all right-thinking men.
RESTRICTION OF OUTPUT.
There would be little utility in discussing the restriction of
individual output in its theoretical aspects. That the practice
is unsound in economics is recognized by all students and even
by those leaders of labor organizations who are unable to
deny that it is followed, more or less extensively, by the mem-
bers of their organizations. This general condemnation of the
practice makes it extremely difficult to determine its extent,
but no one doubts that in one way or another it is a character-
istic of most unions. It cannot, however, be said to have
originated with them. Whenever two men work side by side,
for an employer, there is a decided tendency to limit the labor
of both by the capacity of the less skillful and energetic.
As the number of workmen increase the tendency in this direc-
tion is inevitably strengthened, and while there may be
some increase, through example and emulation, in the labor
H. T. NBWCOMB. 567
of those who would do the least if working alone, the net
result is always expressed in an average that is much nearer
the capacity of the least capable than that of the most efficient.
All this will happen in any establishment without the aid of a
labor union. What, then, is the consequence, in this connec-
tion, of organization? Usually its first effect is that the re-
striction which was formerly tacit and somewhat irregularly
enforced is reduced to a set of definite regulations that are
systematically enforced. It may not become greater in
amount, although it is not unlikely that it will. There is
some evidence, however, that the improved economic percep-
tion on the part of labor leaders is causing the older organ-
izations to abandon their efforts in this direction. Yet the
recent growth of the unions in numbers and power, and the
reluctance of employers to resist their aggression in this
particular, during a period of such tremendous general pros-
perity that nearly every productive establishment was taxed
to its utmost capacity, have undoubtedly led to an extension
of the practice of restriction which must be checked. The
unit of production per employee per hour has suffered a very
considerable decrease in almost all American industries during
the last six or seven years, and this diminution of effective-
ness has placed a more severe burden upon industry than the
enhanced wages by which it has been accompanied. The
record of the United Mine Workers in the Anthracite region
is probably an extreme one, but it can be more advantage-
ously studied than any other on account of the elaborate
investigation prosecuted last year. The testimony taken by
the Strike Commission contained instances of probably every
conceivable method by which the output of a body of work-
men can be kept down to the level fixed by the least able
and industrious. Those who dared to rebel against rules
restricting their earnings were subjected to the ill-will and
the systematic oppression of their less intelligent and ener-
getic comrades, until they either became less efficient or
were driven from the mines. It is necessary to be patient
with folly that springs from ignorance, but there is Httle excuse
for leaders who, knowing the truth, do not use all their tre-
568 SECTION I.
mendous influence to spread an intelligent understanding of
the simple economic principles which would at once destroy
this most vicious of self-limiting practices.
STRIKES.
That recourse to the strike should ever be necessary is
wholly deplorable, but the condition of men whom the laws
deprived of the use of this industrial weapon of last
resort would be indeed pitiable. Freemen must have the
right to work and the right not to work, and they may not be
impelled to choose the former by any command more impera-
tive than that springing from their own desire to enjoy the
fruits of exertion. The whole fabric of industry and com-
merce rests on bargains toward which there is no compulsion
stronger than this. Between the buyer and seller of com-
modities there are successive offers and counter-offers until
a point acceptable to both, but less satisfactory to either than
his original demand, has become the point of contract. The
corporation and the- **4:rust'* do away with a great deal of
dickering between individuals, and in a precisely similar
way the labor organization attempts to substitute a single
collective bargain for a multitude of individual bargains.
If, however, the corporation and the trust are tmreasonable
in their demands, every one now knows that the potential com-
petition of smaller concerns, which always exists, is speedily
actualized and the productive organizations, that have
shown their commercial incompetence to bargain reasonably
with buyers, are destroyed. So it should be with labor organiza-
tions. Those organizations which are reasonable in their demands
will usually establish their right to survive by remaining at peace
with the employers; those whose frequent strikes and re-
peated complaints of the alleged tyranny of employers prove
their inability to bargain are usually inefficient in their efforts
to promote the interests of their members and ought to pass
out of existence. Yet the decision as to the terms which they
will accept must always be left with the workmen, organized
or unorganized. The right to strike ought to be used rarely
and reluctantly; its use should always throw the burden of
H. T. NBWCOMB. 569
JTistif3dng its course at the bar of public sentiment jointly upon
the employed and the employer; it can never be necessary-
except by reason of the grievous f atilt of one party or the other ;
yet it may be necessary and the greatest protection against
its becoming so, save that which lies in the development
and spread of a broad and intelligent spirit of humanity, lies
in its exceedingly careful preservation. Generally speaking,
however, the union which strikes on small provocation and
frequently is to be classed among those which are undesirable,
and the credit of any labor organization ought to be in inverse
proportion to the frequency of its resort to this extreme
method of enforcing its demands.
As somewhat justifying the assumption that every strike
is evidence of lack of capacity somewhere, and perhaps
indicating where the blame more frequently resides, I wotild
call your attention to the very large number of strikes which
always attend the transition from a period of great industrial
prosperity to one of relative depression. The interpretation
of this phenomenon is very simple. From almost the be-
ginning of a period of prosperity the leaders of organized
workmen perceive that their position is one of growing
strength. The demand for products is a demand for labor,
and as the'one is expressed in rising prices the other is natu-
rally translated into rising wages. Organizations formulate
their demands, make them, and they are granted. New
demands and new concessions follow in an alternation which
becomes more rapid as prosperity appears more intense, the
willingness of employers to grant even seemingly extravagant
demands as to wages or conditions being based on a con-
fidence in the continuance of heavy demand and high prices
which often amotmts almost to intoxication. While this
process has been going on the effect of high wages and reduced
efficiency is being transferred to the consumers, always with
some addition to make up for the exactions of those in charge
of production. Naturally, this cannot continue forever.
Sooner or later there is a consimiers' ** strike." That is, high
prices tdtimately reduce the effective demand, orders come
less freely, the bubble is about to burst. Employers rather
57<^ SECTION I.
promptly perceive the situation more or less clearly; labor
too frequently does not. More wages or less work, or both,
are again demanded, and, as this time the employers see
that the cost of acquiescence cannot be shifted or realize that
a curtailment of production must soon occur, the demands
are refused. The strike which, if the workmen are ill-advised,
follows, marks the turning point from prosperity to depres-
sion.
The other typical strike is a protest against a reduction
in wages when the decline in commercial activity is in progress ,
or before the change to perceptibly better conditions has arrived.
Such strikes are less frequent but much more likely to be
creditable to the judgment of the strikers. Employers
rarely refuse reasonable demands while industry is prosperotis
and the labor market empty or nearly so; some of them do
attempt oppressive reductions in wages or unjust modifica-
tions in conditions when the times are dull and the labor
market glutted with the unemployed. This is not to say that
radical reductions in wages may not be necessary; they are
very apt to be after such a period of unprecedented activity
in every line of industry as that which is but just closed or
closing, but it should be recognized that when due allowance
for the changed conditions has been made everywhere there
may be some employers who will endeavor to take advantage
of the situation and to deal unjustly with their workmen.
May the number of such employers be few and the resistance
of their employees wise, fearless and effective.
OTHER TESTS.
The character of any labor organization is further to be
tested by its principles and practices in reference to labor-
saving machinery, profit sharing, pensions, insurance funds^
home ownership by its members, admission of applicants for
membership, apprentices, the boycott, the manner in which
it conducts itself toward other unions, and its rules and gen-
eral policy. The verdict of intelligence concerning most of
these matters is so clear that discussion would hardly be
warranted. A wise policy will prevent any labor union from
H. T. NEWCOMB. 57l
discouraging the introduction of improved machinery, from
refusing to accept or opposing fairly formulated efforts of
employers to obtain greater loyalty from employees, from
counselling against the ownership of homes, from upholding
the boycott, from preventing the industrial education of in-
telligent youth, and from permitting controversies with other
unions to interrupt work or occasion inconvenience to blame-
less employers. That particular organizations have grievously
erred in these matters is perhaps much better known than
that some have stood steadfastly for sound principles.
These defects in the current beliefs and practices of some
prominent labor organizations have been pointed out in no
spirit of intolerance. The evils are widespread and serious;
they must be plainly pointed out and bravely overcome;
but they are not necessary accompaniments of such organi-
zations. In fact, as to most of them the history of several
highly successful unions can be cited to show that among
organizations composed of the most intelligent workmen
they are likely to be eliminated. It is even more true that
the much less pardonable practices which involve black-
mailing employers and combinations with unscrupulous
representatives of Capital to rob consumers and destroy
competitors are merely temporary consequences of an early
recognition of strength which is not restrained by a sobering
consciousness of responsibility or by ability to perceive the
consequences of such injustice.
VALUE IN ORGANIZATION.
The conclusion is that while the labor problem must always
persist, the organization of labor will continue and will in-
crease its power to be of service, not only to workmen but
also to society. The principle of organization will not only
survive the defeat and destruction of those organizations
which obstinately adhere to vicious principles and practices,
but the genuine progress of the labor movement will be sub-
stantially advanced every time such deserved defeat is ad-
ministered.
572 SBCTION I.
ARBITRATION.
While this progress is being made toward the attainment of
better things and substantial restilts are awaited, the public
properly searches for a means of preventing or mitigating
the annoyances and losses that spring from the interruption of
production caused by labor conflicts. Until employers and
employees learn such sweet reasonableness in bargaining to-
gether as to avoid strikes how shall their number and their
evil consequences be reduced? Obviously the demand is for
a temporary remedy for a dilBficulty which ought ultimately
to disappear. With this fact kept carefully in view it is safe
to consider the remedy of arbitration. This has actually but
one form. To be arbitration at all it must be wholly volun-
tary. The term comptilsory arbitration is self-contradictory,
and however it may be disguised it really means the creation
of a new type of court endowed with authority to make con-
tracts relating to labor services. Arbitration — voltmtary
arbitration — ^is a term so grateful to the ear to which it comes
as a substitute for the clash of bitter industrial struggles
that it seems ungracious not to commend it without qualifica-
tion. If men cannot agree what can be better than to sub-
mit their differences to the settlement of a disinterested and
impartial third party? // men cannot agree. This qualifica-
tion begs the entire question. Reasonable men can agree
and unreasonable men must become reasonable or be re-
placed, in industrial affairs, by those who are. One way in
which unreasonable men arrange for their own replacement
is by getting themselves into situations out of which they
cannot be extricated except through the assistance of others.
The adjustments of industry are too delicate to endure, with-
out injury to all concerned, the frequent interference of the
disinterested. A strong personal interest is the element which
is most effective in preventing irreparable mistakes. Arbi-
tration may be the smaller of two evils, but no one should
fail to recognize it as an evil. Aside from the fact that it
leaves the determination of matters of primary industrial
importance to persons who will neither gain nor lose by the
H. T. NBWCOMB. 573
success or failure of the industry, it is evil in its consequences^
because, when there is reason to rely upon its being arranged
for, that fact constitutes an incentive to making, and insisting
upon, unreasonable demands. The easy-going policy which
consents to the submission of questions vitally concerning
the welfare of an enterprise to persons who have no stake
in its success naturally leads to the easy-going method on the
part of arbitrators which is expressed by "splitting the
difference" between the conflicting demands of both of the
contending, parties. This is the almost uniform result of
arbitration. If you will turn to the decision and award of
the recent Anthracite Coal Strike Commission you will find
that that ablest and most impartial of arbitration boards was
not able to avoid this nearly inevitable result. In its pages
you will read the contradiction of every substantial aver-
ment of the striking mine workers. You will find that the
wages of the employees of the anthracite operators did not, in
April, 1902, compare unfavorably with those of bituminous
miners or men in other employments of similar character.
You will find that the conditions of life and the standard of
living in the anthracite counties of Pennsylvania was not
lower than in comparable regions. You will find that the
basis of payment was not unfair to the workmen. You will
find the United Mine Workers described as a body too
strongly influenced by bituminous coal interests to be a safe
factor in the anthracite industry. You will find that boys
voted in its meetings and gave a reckless tone to its manage-
ment. You will find that the period of the great strike
was one of lawlessness and violence, which the leaders of the
organization could not or, at any rate, did not, effectively
check. So much the gentlemen of the Commission gathered
from unimpeached and unimpeachable testimony, and so much
they clearly, concisely and fearlessly set down in the per~
manent record of their arduous and graciously accepted task.
But after bravely announcing these facts in terms quite
equivalent to declaring that the strike had no justification,
the Commission yielded, as any other arbitrators would have
yielded and as nearly all arbitrators will yield in future con-
5,74 SECTION I.
troversies, to the impulse, commendable in itself, to deal
generously with those who have relatively little and awarded
a general advance in wages.
** COMPULSORY ARBITRATION."
The term compulsory arbitration in the literal sense of
the words is a verbal absurdity, but it refers to a definite
idea and one fairly understood by all. Those who favor it
urge that when men will not reasonably agree on a contract
relating to wages or other conditions of employment, and
will not agree to let some third party make a contract for
them, they ought to be compelled to adopt the latter course.
The adherents of this view are very apt to begin their argu-
ment with the assertion that *' there are three parties to
every strike" — ^the strikers, the employer and the public.
They qtiite understate the number; there are five. There is,
of course, always the public or rather the consuming public.
Then on the side of labor there are always those, mistaken
and misguided, perhaps, but American freemen after all, and
entitled to that liberty under the law which has been described
as "freedom to do as you please and take the consequences,"
who are willing to work on the terms rejected by the strikers;
as well as those who have declined to work. On the side of
capital, there may be supposed always to exist some one, over
sanguine, perhaps, but entitled to experiment as he would with
his own, who would employ the strikers on their own terms;
as well as the former employer. Compulsory arbitration shuts
its eyes to both those willing to work for the rejected terms
and those willing to become employers on the terms de-
manded. It sees only the old employers and the old em-
ployees, and would force them to continue the industry on
terms very likely to be unsatisfactory to both. Manifestly,
when this court of so-called arbitration has issued its decree
containing the terms of a new labor contract, it must have
some effective means for its enforcement. But by what pro-
cess, consistent with freedom, is an employer to be compelled
to pay wages that he believes must lead to bankruptcy, or
H. T. NEWCOMB. 575
employees to work on terms which they regard as so unjust
that they prefer idleness to their acceptance? Such power
is beyond the limits of governmental authority as they are
established in the conditions essential to the preservation of
human liberty. Men must be free to contract or not to con-
tract, to work or to refuse to work, to remain in an employ-
ment or to leave it, to utilize their wealth as capital or to with-
hold it from the fields of production, to open their workshops
or to close them, and there can be no limitation upon their
rights in these particulars except as fixed by their own volun-
tary contracts, which does not dangerously reduce the liberties
of the citizen. Public opinion may praise or condemn the man-
ner in which you or I exercise our legal rights and privileges,
and in the face of it we may be driven to act otherwise than
as we would. This pressure is legitimate, and when the pub-
lic is not led astray by prejudice or wrongly instructed by
demagogues the compulsion of its intelligent opinion often
has salutary results. There can be no objection to this sort
of compulsion, and if it leads to the arbitration of individual
disputes, which would otherwise have caused prolonged and
bitter strikes, it probably leads to the choice of the least evil
of the available ways of escape from a condition too evil in
itself not to result in some more or less permanent inconve-
nience. The difference between the compelling pressure of
public opinion and the exercise of governmental authority
is wide. If such authority is used by officers of a govern-
ment to which power to compel arbitration has not been dele-
gated, then that government has undertaken to over-ride its
own laws, and regard for the law by the officers of govern-
ment constitutes the whole difference between a despotic
government and one which rests on the will of a free people.
The humblest American citizen and the wealthiest American
corporation are alike entitled to exercise every right which
they possess under the laws which the people have made,
and when any particle of the power or the prestige attaching
to official position is used to curtail the liberty of either that
of both is endangered. Public opinion may condemn a
particular act which is not in violation of any law and, if
57^ SECTION I.
•
unanimous and strong, it will usually be obeyed; but the
hand of government must never be lifted to hasten the com-
pliance. So long as the act is legal, government and the
officers of government have no business with it. If the
popular respect attaching to the most exalted office in the
land has lately been made a means of compelling men to
submit to arbitration the manner in which they shall exercise
the rights which no one denies are theirs, there has been a
misuse of official position and a precedent has been established
which, if followed, will sooner or later seriously impair the
quality of American liberty. Compulsory arbitration has been
rejected by organized labor, and when Americans generally
comprehend what is meant by that term they will have none
of it whether through statutory enactment or by the un-
authorized action of even the highest officer of their govern-
ment.
THE OUTLOOK.
But if voluntary arbitration is no more than a temporary
and rather dangerous makeshift, and comptdsory arbitration
is utterly to be condemned, what can be done? The answer
has been given — ^men must learn to bargain together reason-
ably. The remedy ought to appeal to us more because it is a
process and not a panacea for all the ills of industrial con-
ffict. That men can learn to settle their disputes over wages
without outside aid, and that unions can make and keep
collective bargains, has been abundantly proven during the
recent industrial experience of the United States. All that
is required is that there shall be more of this reasonableness
and much less of its opposite. That this will come with the
growth and spread of intelligence there need be no doubt.
When workingmen and employers scrutinize more thoroughly
the conditions by which their relations are fixed they will
appreciate the wastefulness of friction and will know that
reasonable dealing and the observance of the Golden Rule
constitute the best of all policies. In attaining this state of
higher intelligence organizations of employees and of em-
ployers will bear an important and usefixl part. Whatever
H. T. NEWCOMB. 577
evils may be discovered in the current practices of either class
of organizations, however absurd the doctrines or crude the
practices of some of them, no matter even how ill-advised
their leadership, the contact of man with man which they
directly cause, must, in the long run, lead to higher prin-
ciples and better methods. Satisfaction with the distribu-
tion of the results of productive effort as between wage earners
and capitalists, we will not see. Probably, if we did see it,
we would wish for a condition which gave more occasion for
effort and more justification for hope. But while complete
satisfaction with the proportions received is neither likely
to be attained nor properly to be considered as entirely de-
sirable, the time when much of the present friction shall have
disappeared is already very clearly foreshadowed.
PAPERS READ.
[The first five papers were read before the Society for the Promo-
tion of Agriculttiral Science and Section I in affiliation.]
Functions of Forestry in the New Agriculture. By Thos.
H. Sherrard.
Improvement in Farm Management. By W. M. Hays.
BcoNOMic Functions op Live Stock. By Charles F. Curtis.
Agricultural Economics. By H. C. Taylor.
Evolution of Agriculture in the Middle West and its Social
AND Economic Significance. By Eugene Davenport.
Relation of the Family to the Labor Problem. By John
W. Day.
Mutual Insurance for Prevention of Strikes. By Edward
Atkinson.
IVhen Labor is King. By Miss Alisan Wilson.
Status of Social and Economic Science in High Schools. Bt
W. J. S. Bryan.
580 SECTION I.
Status op Instruction in Social and Economic Science in
Normal Schools. By Henry W. Thurston.
Work of the College in the Formation op Social and Eco-
nomic Opinion. By Robert J. Spragub.
Status op Instruction in Social and Economic Science in
Universities. By J. H. Hagerty.
Public Purposes por which Taxation is Justipiablb. By
Frederick N. Judson.
Services op Commercial Organizations in the Social and
Economic Development op Cities. By Wm. F. Saunders.
Some Recent Developments in Representative Government.
By Geo. H. Shibley.
Wall Street and the Country. By' Charles A. Conant.
Social and Economic Significance of Street Railway Traffic
in Cities. By E. Dana Durand.
SECTION K.
Physiology and Experimental
Medicine.
i
OFFICERS OF SECTION K.
Vic€' President and Chairman of the Section,
H. P. BowDiTCH, Cambridge, Mass.
Secretary.
Frbdbric S. Leb, New York, N. Y.
Member of Council,
R. H. Chittbndbn.
Sectional Committees
William H. Wblch, Vice- President, 1903; Frbdbric S. Lbb»
Secretary, 1903; H. P. Bowoitch, Vice-President, 1904;
Frbdbric S. Lbb, Secretary, 1904.
J. McK. Cattbll, X year; R. H. Chittbndbn, a years; W. T
Sbdowick, 3 years; Frank Bakbr, 4 years; C. S. Minot.
5 years.
Member of General Committee,
G. R. Stbrnbbrg.
PAPERS READ.
[No papers were read before Section K at the St. Louis meeting.]
EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
Report of the General Secretary.
The fifty-third annual meeting of the American Association for
the Advancement of Science was held in St. Louis, December 26,
1903, to January i, 1904. This was the second time the Asso-
ciation had met in St. Louis, the first being the twenty-seventh
meeting in 1878. The Association has met west of the Mississippi
but six times.
The number of members in attendance was 385, while the num-
ber in the affiliated societies was 81, making a total attendance of
466. This places the meeting fifth in point of numbers of those
held during the last ten years. As the total membership has
rapidly increased in this time, this would seem to be a small meet-
ing, but there are various reasons to account for it. The first and
strongest of them is that the Exposition will be held in St. Louis
next summer and a large number of the members expect to visit
the city at that time. Hence they did not feel like going to St.
Louis in the winter, notwithstanding their strong desire to attend
the meeting of the Association.
Although the meeting was small in point of numbers, it was
large in point of papers and earnest work in the section room.
Many of the sections were very largey attended and had so many
papers that they could not complete them during the regular time
assigned. Several evening meetings were held, and at least two
of the sections held meetings after the final adjournment of the
Association. This shows that the meeting was what might be
called a working meeting. Those who had papers to present were
there and took active part in the proceedings. It was unfortunate
that a larger number could not have been present, but any meet-
ing at which a large number of papers is presented, and where a
strong and vital interest is taken in the work of the section room,
must be called a successful one.
Perhaps the second reason why the attendance was small was
in the fact that the policy of the Association, which calls for work-
ing meetings, does not meet hearty support from all of the mem-
588 EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
bers. There is still some discussion going on as to whether it
would be better to have a summer meeting or a winter meeting.
or perhaps both. Some of the older members do not feel like
traveling long distances during the winter and subjecting them-
selves to the changes of temperature and other discomforts which
come from winter travel. In some cases it is not possible for col-
lege professors to get away from their institutions during the week
of the meeting, and still others do not like to leave their families
during the holiday vacation. On the other hand, the majority
of those present seem to feel that it is best to continue the present
method, for a time at least. There was no open opposition to the
winter sessions, but when the vote was taken in the General Com-
mittee the winter meeting for next year was unanimously decided
upon.
Winter meetings do not readily lend themselves to excursions.
The time must be taken up in the reading and discussion of papers,
and the social element must come in the form of banquets and
smokers. St. Louis did all in its power to entertain the conven-
tion, and several excursions were arranged, notwithstanding the
unfavorable season.
Affiliated Societies.
The following affiliated societies held meetings in conjunction
with the Association:
The American Anthropological Association.
The American Chemical Society.
The American Mathematical Society. (Chicago Section.)
The American Microscopical Society.
The American Physical Society.
The American Psychological Association.
The American Society of Naturalists.
The American Society of Zoologists. (Central Branch.)
The Association of Economic Entomologists.
The Association of Plant and Animal Breeders.
The Astronomical and Astrophysical Society of America.
The Botanical Club of the Association.
The Botanical Society of America.
The Central Botanists* Association.
The Entomological Club of the Association.
The Fern Chapter.
The Geological Society of America.
The Sigma Xi Honorary Scientific Society.
The Society for Horticultural Science.
The Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science.
The Wild Flower Preservation Society of America.
REPORT OP THE GENERAL SECRETARY. 589
The policy of encouraging the affiliation of scientific societies
with this Association has been continued, and two more societies,
the Society of College Teachers of Education, and the Society for
Horticultural Science, have been added to the list. Some of the
strongest of the affiliated societies have not sought any connection
with this Association. It would seem that an earnest effort should
be made to bring about some connection between these organiza-
tions and our own. * "In union there is strength." The scientific
forces of the country should stand together, and whenever it comes
that assistance is needed for scientific research, or favorable legis-
lation is needed for any purpose, it will be obtained much more
readily if it is known that practically all the scientists of the country
are back of the Association which asks for such action.
The first session of the fifty-third meeting of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science was called to order
in the auditorium of the Central High School, St. Louis, Missouri,,
at 10 At M., Monday, December 28, 1903, by the retiring President,
Dr. Ira Remsen.
Dr. Remsen: Ladies and Gentlemen: My duty this morning
is a very simple and a very pleasant one. Having served my al-
lotted time, one year, it devolves upon me to introduce to you my
successor in office. I need only mention his name — he is already
known to you. Perhaps even that is superfluous. As you know,
at the Washington meeting the Association elected as President
for this year one who represents economic science, and that was a
point that was emphasized. I believe it is the first time* that a
representative of that line of work has been chosen to the presi-
dency. That is no reflection upon the kind of work which is done
by "those who are connected with the economic section. It simply
indicates that the Association has been somewhat belated in rec-
ognizing the value of that work. But the election of Colonel
Wright has a recognition at the same time of his personal qualities,
his personal distinction, and the value of his own personal labor.
You know he is the United States Commissioner of Labor, and
has been prominently before the country for many years, especially
during the last year, when his work has brought him in contact
with problems that touched all of us in our homes. He is not only
Commissioner of Labor for the United States, but is a profound
and thorough student of economic problems, and he has further
taken upon himself the duties of the head of an educational in-
stitution, and I introduce him as Commissioner of Labor and
President of Clark College, of Worcester, Massachusetts. I have
the pleasure of introducing to you my successor, the Honorable
Carroll D. Wright.
Mr. Wright: Ladies and Gentlemen: I will not detain you at
this moment, because later on I shall have an opportunity to ex-
S90 BXBCUTIVB PROCBBDINGS.
press myself, and will proceed at once with the business of the
morning. We have with us several gentlemen who have kindly
consented to meet with us, and it is for them to give a welcome to
Missouri and St. Louis. First I will present to you the Honorable
David R. Francis, who is president of the local committee this year.
Mr. Francis: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I don't
know why I was selected as the honorary president of the local
committee^-certainly not for any scientific attainments I may
have, and I regret to say that it cannot be for the reason that I
have contributed materially toward the 'advancement of science
in any way. However, I accepted the honor which the local com-
mittee chose to put upon me, and if this is the only duty I have to
perform, it is certainly a pleasant one, because I take very great
pleasure in saying on behalf of the local committee that we extend
a very cordial welcome to the visiting members of the Association
for the Advancement of Science. Any city should feel honored
by being made the scene of your meetings. We realize that St.
Louis at this time has the eyes of the world fixed upon her to a very
great extent. We know that the responsibility in connection with
the prominence that has been given to this city and to the enter-
prise it has undertaken is very great. We are glad, therefore, of
all opportunities that present themselves to show the people whose
judgment we value as highly as we do that of the members of this
Association what we are doing toward celebrating in St. Louis
a great event in the history of the country. That exposition,
which Will be universal in character, which is to commemorate,
as you are aware, the one hundredth anniversary of the purchase
of the Louisiana Territory, will not be confined to an exhibit of
the material products of the world. The management of the ex-
position has not lost sight of how much civihzation, society, and
all progress is indebted to science. We trust that this exposition
will be a marker in the progress of science from its earliest begin-
nings. The comprehensive and ambitious scale upon which this
international congress of arts and science has been planned, if
carried out, as we trust it will be. will serve as a marker in the prog-
ress of science from its very earliest beginnings.
It is not proper at this time for me to dilate upon the benefits of
the exposition which will be opened in this city in May of next
year, but I am sure you will pardon me if, on behalf of that enter-
prise as well as the chairman of the local committee, I extend to
you a welcome to St. Lotiis. All of St. Louis is now so thoroughly
intertwined, as it were, with this exposition, that we cannot dis-
sociate any meeting held in the city from the exposition if we
should desire to do so. On behalf of that exposition, I desire to
extend an invitation to you to visit the grounds during your stay
in St. Louis, and to tender to you the hospitality of the exposition.
REPORT OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY. 59X
If the weather is propitious, as it promises to be, we shall give
you an opportunity to see what has been done in a physical way.
Inasmuch as there is a prospect of your having such an opportu-
nity. I shall not endeavor by words to give you a description of
something which in our judgment is beyond description.
The moral benefits of an exposition could be better appreciated
and expressed by this audience than I can describe it. It has
struck me, however, in the last ten days or two weeks, when read-
ing, ias we all have, of the imminence of foreign wars, that if by
any negotiations, by any means, the opening of hostilities could
possibly be postponed for five months, there would be no hos-
tilities. Those nations which have accepted the invitation to
participate in this exposition would be assembled here, as they
will be on the first day of May if no foreign war intervenes to pre-
vent, their acquaintance would enhance their mutual respect, and
an intelligent comprehension of their mutual interests would
remove all necessity for and all possibility of war. Every inter-
national exposition such as we propose to hold here in 1904 is a
peace congress. There is great occasion for a universal peace
congress to be held just at this juncture in the world's history.
If, therefore, I say, the opening of these hostilities could be post-
poned for five months, the peaceful effect of a universal exposition
would have a demonstration that would be long remembered and
whose effects would never be forgotten.
But I am digressing from my duty as chairman of the local com-
mittee, which is to say to the members of this Association how
much we feel honored by your meetingin St. Louis — ^howwe desire
to have you feel that you are welcome here. I am sure that I but
express the sentiments not only of the committee, but of the entire
people of St. Louis, when I say to you that if we do not voluntarily
do what we should to make you feel comfortable and at home, we
desire suggestions, for any dereliction on our part to extend to you
a whole-souled western hospitality is not through any want of
desire but through failure to know what your wishes are. On
behalf of the local committee, Mr. Chairman and members of the
Association, I desire to extend to you a formal and a hearty western
welcome.
President Wright: It is a pleasure to present to the Association
the Honorable C. P. Walbridge, ex-Mayor of the city of St. Louis —
his Honor, ex- Mayor Walbridge.
Mr. Walbridge: When Professor Trelease invited me to come
here and make a short welcome address I began to rummage the
attic of my mind for smtable material, and I found the conditions
very unsatisfactory. I found first, up in the attic, a lot of maga-
zine and newspaper articles describing all sorts of new things —
new stars, new elements, new metals, new machines, new every-
592 EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
thing — and they were written in the most un-understandable
language that you can conceive of. Words adapted from all the
dead languages and most of the living. I was about to write to
Professor Trelease that I could not comply with his inWtation
because of the difficulty I had in understanding that literature.
But presently I found in the old attic a page in an old arithmetic
which had been stored there just forty years ago, and it looked
just as bright and fresh as though it had been put there yesterday.
It was the first page of Robinson's old Arithmetic, and it was di-
vided up, as arithmetics were in those days, into questions and
answers. The first question was. What is arithmetic? Answer,
Arithmetic is the science of numbers. Second question, What is
science? Answer, Science is knowledge systematically arranged.
Thus I was .relieved. I said, "There is something on the level
of my own intelligence, and I will go." And so I am glad to wel-
come to St. Louis this Association of earnest men and women who
are devoting their lives to the advancement of knowledge system-
atically arranged, and whether it be the knowledge of the physical
earth, or knowledge of laws which control the physical earth, or
whether it be the knowledge of those other laws and forces which
control the inhabitants of the earth, I welcome you most cordially
to St. Louis. And I will express the hope that you may continue
to progress in your work until all the knowledge of the world shall
be so systematically arranged that no man shall be able to excuse
his errors on the ground of ignorance.
President Wright: The President of the Board of Education.
Prof. C. M. Woodward, is with us this morning, and as a repre-
sentative of the educational institutions of St. Louis and Missouri, I
have the honor of presenting him.
Professor Woodward: Mr. President, and Members of the Asso-
ciation: I am here to-day in three capacities. I am a citizen of
St. Louis, and therefore am very glad to join in this welcome. I
am a member of the faculty of Washington University, and al-
though I am in no way authorized to speak for that university I
take the risk of welcoming you in its behalf. You will see some-
thing of its future home when you go out to see the exposition,
and you will join with us, I am sure, in the pleasure that we all feel
in the building of a new and fine university.
But I am especially here in the interest of our public schools,
and as president of the Board of Education and in the interest and
in behalf of that Board, I welcome you to the city, to this building
and all its conveniences. We trust you will find the rooms and
apartments suitable for the meetings of the Association. We
desire in every way to make you comfortable and to make things
convenient. Moreover, I believe that education comes properly
within the consideration of this Association. School administra-
REPORT OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY. 593
tion, school management, is amenable to the laws of science, and
we have done something in the way of school administration which
we wish you knew about, but which I will not detain you this morn-
ing to tell about. On behalf of all the interests of education in this
great city and throughout the State with which I have been asso-
ciated for a generation, I welcome you to these quarters, to this
city, and to the State.
President Wright: Governor Francis, Mr. Walbridge, and
Professor Woodward, it is a pleasure on behalf of the Association
to thank you for your kindly and generous welcome, and to assure
you that we accept it in the spirit in which it is given.
I think that the members of the American Association will take
great pleasure and much interest in seeing the progress that has
been made in preparing for the exposition next year. We cannot
fail to recognize the important historical event which that exposi-
tion celebrates, and to feel, as we visit this part of the United States
that that great transaction one hundred years ago made the future
welfare and greatness of the United States, notwithstanding that
the great negotiator of that purchase did not hesitate to say at the
time that it would take at least one thousand years to settle the
Northwest. And here one hundred years are bringing this body
of scientists into one portion of the Northwest where we find great
cities and all the advancement which has come to any part of the
country. So as scientists we realize that the exposition — that its
great utility, will not be recognized for some time to come. No
matter what the physical developments of an exposition may be,
they are sometimes questionable so far as utility is concerned, but
the other side of it, the soul of the exposition, will live. Herein
lies the great value of such enterprises, the bringing together of
men from all parts of the world so that they can become acquainted
with each other, each learning what the other is doing, each under-
standing the progress that has been made in scientific directions,
in th^ matters of art, and in the great departments of education.
Herein, I say, lies the chief value of such an enterprise as the ex-
position to celebrate the purchase of the Louisiana Territory.
I was greatly pleased with what Mr. Walbridge said about the
language of science. Let me assure him that while the represen-
tative of each department of science here this morning has a
terminology of his own which the other branches cannot under-
stand, yet when we get down to solid business we all speak plain
English. I remember a little symposium in Washington two or
three years ago, at the house of a good friend now deceased (and
I see before me some of the gentlemen who were present at that
time) , and they were speaking of a little simple problem easily
demonstrated, known as the fourth dimension. It is such a prac-
tical one in life, it helps us so much to understand it, that the
594 EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
question was discussed with great enthusiasm, and after the ma the.
maticians, physicists, philosophers, etc., each talking in his own
terminology, were through with the discussion, one gentleman,
well known through the breadth of the land and throughout the
world, said to one of the others, "Doctor, I have listened with
great interest to what you have been saying, but I have not under-
stood one single word." Nevertheless, when the host took us
down to lunch, we found plain English sufficient to express all our
wants.
It is a pleasure to be welcomed here on behalf of the educational
institutions of the city and of the State, and I am sure that we
shall find here the most advanced work in educational matters that
can be found in the United States. St. Louis has long held a very
high place in such matters, and it is interesting to know that some
years ago St. Louis sent east for two of our principal educators,
Dr. Harris and Professor Woodward. They did their work here
and did it successfully, and then the east reciprocated the draft
which had been made upon it by St. Louis, taking two of her best
educators, Dr. Pritchett and Dr. Engler, and planting them at
the head of great educational institutions in the Commonwealth
of Massachusetts. So we are even, and there has been no loss.
If St. Louis keeps up its pace in educational matters as it was set
by these two men, I am sure that the members of the American
Association will realize it and go away from this goodly city with
commendations and praises for all that has been done here.
Gentlemen, we thank you for your kindly welcome.
Mr. Howe (acting General Secretary in place of Mr. Stiles):
The Council has voted to extend the privileges of associate mem-
bership for this meeting to members of the local committee, resi-
dents of St. Louis and vicinity, and to members of the affiliated
societies.
The Local Secretary, Mr. Langsdorf, made announcements in
regard to registration of members of affiliated societies, and about
the arrangements for lunch.
President Wright announced that each day the Council would
meet at 9 in the morning and the general session at 10 o'clock.
After the adjournment of the general session the several sections
were organized in their respective rooms.
On Monday afternoon the vice-presidents' addresses were given
as follows:
At 2:30 P. M.
Vice-President Halsted before the Section of Mathematics and
Astronomy, entitled "The Message of Non-Euclidean Geometry."
Vice-President Baskerville before the Section of Chemistry, en-
titled "The Elements: Verified and Unverified."
Vice-President Davis before the Section of Geology, entitled
"Geography in the United States."
REPORT OP THB GENERAL SECRETARY, 595
At 4:00 P. M.
Vice-President Waldo before the Section of Mechanical Science
and Engineering, entitled **The Relation of Mathematics to En-
gineering."
Vice-President Hargitt before the Section of Zoology, entitled
"'Some Unsolved Problems of Organic Adaptation."
Vice-President Newcomb before the Section of Social and Eco-
nomic Science, entitled "Some Recent Phases of the Labor Prob-
lem. "
On Monday evening the address of the retiring president, Dr.
Ira Remsen, entitled "Scientific Investigation and Progress," was
given in the Odeon.
On Tuesday evening President David Starr Jordan, of Stanford
University, gave a public lecture on "The Resources of Our Seas. "
After the lecture the American Society of Naturalists and affiliated
societies held their annual smoker at the University Club.
On Wednesday afternoon the American Society of Naturalists
held their annual pubHc discussion, the subject being "What
Academic Degrees should be conferred for Scientific Work?"
On Wednesday afternoon Professor E. Rutherford, of McGill
University, Montreal, Canada, gave an illustrated public lecture
on the subject "Radium and Radio-activity."
On Wednesday evening the retiring president of the American
Chemical Society, Dr. John H. Long, delivered an address upon
the subject "Some Problems in Fermentation."
On Wednesday evening the American Society of Naturalists held
its annual dinner at the Mercantile Club, after which was given th«
address of the retiring president. Professor WilHam Trelease.
On Wednesday evening the annual dinner of the American
Chemical Society and Section C was given at Faust's.
On Wednesday evening Dr. S. F. Emmons gave the president's
address before the Geological Society of America at the Planters'
Hotel.
On Thursday afternoon, by invitation of the officers of the
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the members of the Association
-and affiliated societies visited the exposition grounds. A buflFet
luncheon was tendered the Association by the officers of the ex-
position, after which they were taken in small parties through the
grounds and buildings and shown the various exhibits, under the
personal charge of the chiefs of departments.
On Thursday evening the annual banquet of the Sigma Xi Hon-
orary Scientific Society was given at the Mercantile Club, followed
by the address of President David Starr Jordan.
On Friday evening the members of the Association attended the
fourteenth annual banquet given by the trustees of the Missouri
Botanical Garden at the Southern Hotel.
59^ BXBCUTIVB PROCBBDINGS.
REPORTS OF COMMITTEES.
The following reports of committees were presented to the Council .
They were accepted and ordered printed.
On thb Atomic Weight of Thorium.
To tkt Commcii of tiu Am€TicaH Association for the Advancement of
Scifnct.
Gsktlemen: Since our last report we beg leave to state that
Messrs. Charles Baskerville and R. O. £. Davis have secured
further e\'idence of the complexity of the so-called element , thorium.
This work has resulted from appfications of methods of fractiona-
tion to the large amounts of purified material with which they
were engaged, as stated in our last report. Under such circum-
stances these gentlemen deemed it adWsable to prosecute further
the fractionation until a stable thorium preparation was secured.
This fractionation is controlled by atomic weight determinations
and spectroscopic examinations.
At the Washington meeting of the Council a grant of fifty dollars
was made Mr. Charies Baskerville for work on praeseodidynuum,
and the super^-isiv^n of the same given over to this committee.
Concerning th«s. we beg lea\"e to state that Messrs. Baskerville,
James Thorpe, and T. B. Foust have secured about one kilogram
of quite pure oxide by novel methods. At present Messrs. Basker-
ville and G. MacXider are subjecting a considerable portion of this
puritied material to a treatment which promises to show the com-
plexity of this so-called element.
We therefore beg leave to report progress.
Respectfully,
Ch&s. BasK.BKYiLLB, CAotmuiii.
Francis P. Vbkablb.
Jas. Lewis Howb.
Ox the Rblatiox of Plants to Climate.
To t'lf tVjit^eV. -4 .4. .4- 5.
Gentlemen: The committee on the relation of plants to cHmate
presents herewith a paper entitled "Soil Temperatures and Vege-
tation.'" which sets forth recent results obtained bv the aid of
grants received in iqoi and igoi. and which was published m
Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden (Xo. 44).
Your committee is desirous of extending the observations al-
reiiy made to cover a wider range of soil and climatic conditions.
REPORT OP THE GENERAL SECRETARY. 597
and has secured the co-operation of the New York Botanical Gar-
den and of the Desert Botanical Laboratory of the Carnegie In-
stitution, both of which have undertaken the purchase and installa-
tion of sets of instruments. The major inquiry is concerned with
the influence of the temperature of soils, with its diurnal and
seasonal variations, upon growth and distribution of plants. As
a result of the observations already made it has been found that
different portions of the body of even small plants may differ as
much as 40® F. in temperature, a fact which has hitherto escaped
notice and which promises to be of great importance in the inter-
pretation of the physical processes of the plants. In order to
carry along the entailed investigations, your committee asks an
additional grant of seventy- five dollars.
During the course of the work the Hallock soil thermograph has
been invented and perfected. Specifications have been placed in
the hands of a competent instrument maker, and no limitations
of any kind placed on its manufacture or use. The numbers of
applications for instruments show that it is deemed useful for
thermometric work in various kinds of observations.
Respectfully.
D, T. MacDougal.
For the Committee,
William Trblbasb,
J. M. Coulter,
D. T. MacDougal.
Committee.
On Anthropometric Tests.
The committee of the Association on anthropometric tests has
continued its work throughout the year. A laboratory for physi-
cal and mental measurements was arranged at Washington and
tests of the fellows and members of the Association were made by
Mr. Miner and Mr. Davis under the direction of the chairman of the
committee. The results of measurements of about one hundred
fellows have been compiled and compared with similar measure-
ments of members of the. British Association and of other classes
of the community, but the data are not yet sufficiently numerous
for publication. Dr. McGee, of the committee, has taken steps
toward the establishment of anthropometric and psychometric
laboratories as part of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, with
special reference to the measurement of the savage tribes that will
be gathered there. Professor Boas, of the committee, has pub-
lished measurements of the cephalic index in relation to Mendel's
law, and has carried forward anthropometric work in other direc-
tions. The chairman of the committee has published two papers
i
59^ EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
on the natural history of American men of science, seeking to apply
metric methods to merit and other individual differences. Nu-
merous measurements of physical and mental traits have been
made in the psychological laboratory of Columbia University and
work has been carried on in the schools of New York City on the
resemblance of brothers and twins, and in other directions. Pro-
fessor Thomdike has published a book on Educational Psychol-
ogy, concerned especially with the application of anthropometric
methods to children.
It did not appear feasible to arrange an anthropometric labora-
tory at St. Louis. We ask that the fifty dollars appropriated for
such a laboratory be made available for next year.
J. McKeen Cattbll,
Chairman^
On Indexing Chemical Literature.
The committee on indexing chemical literature, appointed by
your body at the Montreal meeting in 1882, respectfully presents
to the Chemical Section its twenty-first annual report, covering
the twelve months ending June i, 1903.
WORKS PUBLISHED.
An Index to the Literature of Thorium (18 17-1902). By Cavalier
H. JouET, Ph. D. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, No.
1374- Washington City, 1903.
References to Capillarity to the end of the year 1900. By John'
Uri Lloyd (aided by Sigmund Waldbott). Bulletin No. 4.
of the Lloyd Library of Botany, Pharmacy and Materia Medica.
Cincinnati, Ohio, 1902. 212 pp., 8vo.
The 665 "references" extend from 1519 to 1900; each is accom-
panied by a summary of the contents of the paper cited.
The Journal of the American Chemical Society. General Index ta
the first twenty volumes, 1 879-1 898, and to the proceedings,
1877-1879. Easton, Pa., 1902. 237 pp., 8vo.
Though issued anonymously, the preface bears the initials of
E. W. Morley and O. F. Tower, and the labor was one of love.
Accuracy of detail and adequate treatment on every page are its
admirable features. Besides an index of authors and an index of
subjects, there is an index of obituaries which is suggestive. Also
an index of new books.
NOTES ON FOREIGN BIBLIOGRAPHIES.
A Bibliography of Steel-works Analysis, bv Harry Brearly, forms
an appendix to the volume entitled "The Analysis of Steel-
REPORT OP THB GBNBRAL SBCRBTARY. 599
works Materials," by Harry Brbarly and Frbd Ibbotson.
London, 1903.
This bibliography comprises 1858 references, which occupy more
than 130 pages 8vo. The items are grouped under seven heads,
besides minor subdivisions; the literature is, however, very incom-
plete, being confined to four British journals.
A Catalogue of the Library of the Chemical Society {of London.)
Arranged according to authors with a subject index. London,
1903. 8vo. 324 pp.
International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. First Annual
Issue (for the year 1901). D. Chemistry. Published for the
International Council by the Royal Society of London. London,
1902. Vol. II, Part I. June, 1902.
WORK IN PROGRESS.
A second supplement to the Select Bibliography of Chemistry,
by Dr. H. Carrington Bolton, has been completed and accepted
for publication by the Smithsonian Institution. It brings the
literature down to the end of the year 1902.
An index to the literature of cadmium has been begun by Prof.
Ernest N. Pattee, of Syracuse University.
An index to the literature of glucinum has been begun by Prof.
Charles L. Parsons, of New Hampshire College, Durham, New
Hampshire.
An index to the literature of germanium, gallium, and indium
has been begun by Dr. Philip E. Browning, of New Haven, Conn.
Mr. Frank R. Fraprie, writing from Munich, Bavaria, reports
substantial progress on an index to the literature of lithium,
Csesium and rubidium.
Mr. Benton Dales is engaged on an index to the literature of the
yttrium group of the rare earths. His address is Ithaca, New
York.
H. Carrington Bolton (in Europe),
F. W. Clarke (in Europe),
Albert B. Prescott,
Alfred Tuckerman,
H. W. Wiley,
June i, 1903. Committee.
On the Velocity of Light.
The committee reports progress since the Pittsburg meeting in
the preliminary study of the methods of determining the group
velocity and the absolute velocity of light in ponderable media and
in space.
6oO EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
The practicability of the method, involving the use of electric
double refraction and electric oscillations for producing groups of
waves, and the examination of them through a column of water
at least loo feet long and probably twice that distance, has been
established.
An estimate from the corresponding optical conditions in air
would make the available distance several miles. The prehminary
study of the method for determining the absolute velocity has not yet
been completed, but the apparatus is partly mounted and in place.
The committee petitions a further grant of seventy-five dollars
for the continuance of the preliminary experiments now in prog-
ress.
Respectfully submitted.
D. B. Brace,
For the Committee.
On the Teaching of Anthropology in America.
To the President and Council:
Your committee on the teaching of anthropology in America
beg to report progress.
During the year 190 a (for which a brief report was submitted
to the Council, though apparently lost before reaching the Secre-
tary of the Council), the committee held one or two conferences,
while different members took individual action in accordance with
the general policy looking toward the promotion of anthropologic
education in several leading institutions. Dr. MacCurdy, of the
committee, continued the collection and publication of statistics
as to the teaching of anthropology; and Dr. Boas, Dr. Russell,
and the chairman of the committee delivered addresses and pub-
lished papers advocating the extension and betterment of anthro-
pologic teaching in this country. During the year 1903 the com-
mittee have continued work, chiefly as individuals, and different
members have been consulted and have expressed opinions as to
the value of anthropology as a subject of instruction in educational
institutions. Recently, the committee has suffered a grievous loss
in the death of Dr. Frank Russell, one of the original members
of the committee.
It is recommended that the committee be continued, and that
the vacancy created by the death of Dr. Russell be filled by the
appointment of Dr. Rolaind B. Dixon, of Harvard University.
Since the work of the committee is performed in occasional con-
ferences and by correspondence, entailing little expense, no grant
is asked for its maintenance.
Respectfully,
W J McGee, Chairman.
George Grant MacCurdy.
REPORT OP THE GENERAL SECRETARY. 6oi
On Grants.
The committee on grants made the following report and recom-
xnendations, which were adopted:
The committee on grants recommends that appropriations for
the ensuing year be made as follows, namely:
To the Concilium Bibliographicum of Zurich, $ioo.
To the Committee on the Atomic Weight of Thorium, $ioo.
To the Committee on the Study of the Relations of Plants to
Climate, $75.
To the Committee on Determination of the Velocity of Light,
"^75.
To a Committee of Section C, to be appointed, to study certain
problems in electrochemistry, $60.
To give effect to this last recommendation, the following reso-
lution is suggested:
Resolved, That a committee consisting of Professors W. D. Ban-
croft, Edgar F. Smith, and L. Kahlenberg, be appointed to cortduct
said investigations in electrochemistry, and that this committee
be designated the Committee on Electrochemistry.
On Policy op the Association.
The Committee on Policy of the Association reported the follow-
ing resolutions, which were adopted:
(i) Concerning the proposition to authorize the appointment
of an executive committee of five to consult with the Permanent
Secretary and arrange details of the meetings; that the functions
of such proposed executive committee be performed by the Com-
mittee on the Policy of the Association.
(2) The Committee on the Policy of the Association recommend
to the Council that at the next annual meeting only three general
sessions be held, namely, those of Monday, Wednesday, and Friday
of the week of meeting.
(3) Amend Article 34 by the omission of the words "on the
election of any member as a fellow an additional fee of two dollars
shall be paid."
(4) That the commutation of secretaries of sections be fixed at
$30 for each meeting of the Association, provided that these secre-
taries lodge during the whole meeting at the hotel headquarters
of the Association.
In regard to granting credentials to members of the Association
who wish to visit foreign associations, the committee recommended
that all such applications be referred to the Committee on Policy,
with power.
6o2 EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
In regard to the application of the Society of College Teachers
of Education, and of the Society for Horticultural Science for affilia-
tion with this Association, the Committee recommended that the
applications be granted.
On THE Relations of the Journal Science with the
Association.
On the recommendation of this committee it was voted:
(i) That the Treasurer be added to this committee.
(2) That the Vice-Presidents of the Association and the Perma-
nent Secretary be added to the editorial committee of the journal
Science.
On Amendments.
The following amendments to the Constitution having been
proposed at the Washington meeting, favorably acted upon by the
Council, and reported to the general session, were adopted:
Article 34, second line, change the word assessment to the word
dues.
Article 35, first line, change the word assessment to the word
dues.
Article 37, first line, change the word assessment to the word
dues.
On Resolutions.
The following resolutions were proposed and adopted at tfte
meeting of the general session held Friday, January i :
In view of the extremely complete and effective arrangements
which have guarded and guided the conduct of the multipUed
activities of the meeting with such unusual success, and in the
thought of the many courtesies which have been extended to us
on every hand with most genuine hospitality, it is a peculiar
pleasure to be called upon to present for adoption by the Associa-
tion the resolution of thanks which are so incomplete an expression
of our appreciation of these privileges. At the same time, each
one of us must feel that the most extended enumeration would only
partially include the many who have so generously contributed to
make this meeting a success in every direction .
First of all, the thanks of the Association must be extended to
the local committee, and particularly to the honorary president,
the Hon. David R. Francis; to the chairman, Prof. William Tre-
lease; to the secretary. Prof. A. S. Langsdorf; to the treasurer,.
Mr. William H. Thomson; and to the members of the executive
committee. Chancellor W. S. Chaplin, Mr. George H. Morgan, Prof.
F. E. Nipher, Mr. John Schroers, Mr. Walter B. Stevens, Dr. Wil-
REPORT OP THE GENERAL SECRETARY. 605
liam Taussig, and Mr. H. C. Townsend, who, as chairmen of the
various sub-committees, have arranged for all the details with such
forethought as to keep the machinery of a large and complicated
program in operation without friction or interference, and to
provide for many outside courtesies of the most enjoyable type.
Sincere thanks are due to the Board of Education for placing
at our disposal the Central High School building, so admirably
adapted to the purposes of this meeting; to Superintendent of
Public Instruction F. S. Soldan; to Principal W. J. S. Bryan and
his corps of assistants and students for their untiring efforts in
caring for the various sections, and to Messrs. George F. Knox,.
William Butler, and S. A. Douglas for their continued care and
manipulation of the lanterns and other appliances placed at the
disposal of the sections.
The Association is deeply indebted to the trustees and director
of the Missouri Botanical Gardens for hospitalities extended to
members in connection with their visits to this splendid institution >
and for the exceptional courtesies tendered in connection with the
Shaw banquet.
The Association is under obligations to the officers of the Louis-
iana Purchase Exposition for the luncheon and reception at the
grounds of the Exposition, and to the chiefs of departments under
whose guidance the members were privileged to witness the prog-
ress already made toward the completion of this monumental
work.
The Association must further acknowledge its indebtedness to
the press, to the St. Louis Transit Company, to the president of
the Board of Public Improvements, and to all other organizations,
corporations, and individuals who have extended so many privi-
leges to members individually and in groups in connection with
visiting the great industries and points of interest in St. Louis
and vicinity.
The Association is under deep obligation to the Mercantile Club»
to the University Club, and finally, and in especial measure, to the
Wednesday Club, for the thoughtful hospitalities extended to the
ladies registered at the meeting.
It was unanimously voted to extend the thanks of the Associa-
tion to Professor Rutherford for his lecture on Radium and Radio-
activity.
General Committee.
At the meeting of the General Committee, held Thursday even-
ing, it was decided to hold the next meeting in Philadelphia, begin-
ning Tuesday, December 27, 1904, and closing Monday, January 2,
1905, it being understood that the Executive Committee of the
604 BXBCUTIVB PROCBBDINGS.
Council will meet Tuesday, December 27, and the opening session
of the meeting will be held Wednesday, December 28. New
Orleans was recommended as the place of meeting two years hence.
The following officers were elected for the Philadelphia meeting:
President — W. G. Farlow, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Vice- Presidents :
Section A — Alexander Ziwet, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Section B — William F. Magie, Princeton, New Jersey.
Section C — Leonard P. Kinnicutt, Worcester, Massachusetts.
Section D — David S. Jacobus, Hoboken, New Jersey.
Section E — Eugene A. Smith, University, Alabama.
Section F — C. Hart Merriam, Washington, D. C.
Section G — B. L. Robinson, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Section H — Walter Hough, Washington, D. C.
Section I — Martin A. Knapp, Washington, D. C.
Section K — H. P. Bowditch, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
General Secretary — Charles S. Howe, Cleveland, Ohio.
Secretary of the Council — Clarence A. Waldo. Lafayette, Indiana.
Secretaries of the Sections:
Section A — L. G. Weld, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Section B — Dayton C. Miller, Case School, Cleveland, Ohio.
Section C — C. L. Parsons, New Hampshire College, Durham, N. H.
Section D — Wm. T. Magruder, Ohio State University, Columbus,
Ohio.
Section E — E. O. Hovey, American Museum of Natural History,
New York, N. Y.
Section F — C. Judson Herrick, Denison University, Granville, O.
Section G — F. E. Lloyd, Teachers' College, Columbia University,
New York, N. Y.
Section H — Geo. H. Pepper, American Museum of Natural His-
tory, New York> N. Y.
Section I — J. F. Crowell, Bureau of Statistics, Washington, D. C.
Section K — (No election).
Treasurer — R. S. Woodward, Columbia University, New York,
N. Y.
Charlbs S. Howb,
General Secretary.
Report op the Treasurer.
[The Treasurer's report will not be printed in this volume owing
to the absence of the Auditor in Europe.]
REPORT OF THE PERMANENT SECRETARY. 605
Report of the Permanent Secretary.
The matters heretofore referred to in the report of the Permanent
Secretary, in so far as they relate to the annual meeting, have been
covered in the report of the executive proceedings prepared by
the General Secretary, and duplication is avoided by omitting
them under the present head.
The following is a comparative statement of the roll of mem-
bers as printed in the Pittsburg and Washington volumes and in the
present volume:
Wash-
Pittsburg. ingtoH. St. Louis,
Surviving founders 3 3 3
Living patrons 2 a a
Living honorary fellows 3 3 3
Fellows I, 074 I, 197 '. *5S
Members 2. 392 2, 787 3, 864
Totals 3.474 3. 99» 4. 127
Honorary life fellows (founders)
included in the above 3 3 3
L. O. Howard,
Permanent Secretary.
<So6 BXBCUTIVB PROCBBDINGS.
L. O. HOWARD. PERMANENT SECRETARY, IN
TION FOR THE ADVANCE-
From January i. 1903, to
Dr.
To balance from last account $15,756.81
Admission fees $2,096.00
Annual dues for 1903 2,964.00
Annual dues for 1904 6,754.00
Annual dues for previous years 164 . 00
Associate fees 183 . 00
Fellowship fees 196 . 00
Life membership fees 270 . 00
Publications 96 . 26
Subscription for volume i • 50
Binding 74 • 80
Miscellaneous receipts 180 . 85
Interest 91 • S3
12,627.00
444-94
$28,828.75
CASH ACCOUNT. 607
ACCOUNT WITH THE AMERICAN ASSOCIA-
MENT OF SCIENCE.
December 31, 1904.
Cr.
By publications.
To publishers Science $7,276.50
Volume 51 i»579-95
Volume 52 1,622.00
Washington pamphlet and part program . 728.83
$11,207.28
By expenses Washington meeting.
Sectional secretaries and additional help . . 418 . 32
By part expenses St. Louis meeting.
Sectional secretaries and miscellaneous
expenses 241 . 05
By general office expenses, including propa-
gandist work.
Postage 841.43
Express 394 . 86
Printing circulars, etc 245 . 1 1
Extra clerical help 102.65
By salaries.
Permanent secretary 1,500.00
Assistant secretary 750 . 00
Assistant secretary 250 . 00
659.37
1.584.05
2,500.00
By miscellaneous disbursements.
Overpaid dues returned 24 . 00
Purchase of back volumes 33 • 00
Other miscellaneous small disbursements . 84 . 90
141.90
By balance to new account 12,736. 15
$28,828.75
6o8 EXECUTIVE PROCEEDINGS.
I hereby certify that I have examined this account and that it
is correctly cast and properly vouched for. and that the balance
was on deposit in Washington as follows: Citizens' National- Banlc
(January ii, 1904) $1.05; National Safe Deposit and Trust Com-
pany (January i, 1904), $1,563.07; American Security and Trust
Company (January 2, 1904), $3,501.76; and American National
Bank (January 9, 1904), $7,670.27; in all $12,736.15.
G. K. Gilbert, Auditor,
INDEX.
Abelian transformations, Memoir on .
Acetic acid and water, The ternary system, benzene
Adams, C. C, Paper by ......
Adaptation, organic, Some unsolved problems of
Address of retiring president .....
Aerial navigation .......
Aeronautical concourse at the World's Fair, St. Louis
contests at the World's Fair, St. Louis
Affiliated societies .......
African pygmies, The ......
Afton Sulphur Springs, Indian Territory, Archaeology of
Agricultural economics ......
Agriculture in Middle West, Evolution of, and its social and eco
nomic significance ......
Agriculture, the new. Functions of forestry in
Agrostis, The type of the genus .....
Alamogordo Desert .......
Albatross rookeries on Laysan .....
Albrecht, Sebastian, Paper by .... .
Alcohols, monatomic, and alkyle haloids, Dissociation phenom
ena of ........
Algae, Chemical stimulation of .... .
Algebras defined by finite groups ....
Alkyle haloids and monatomic alcohols. Dissociation phenom
ena of ........
Alps, Waning of the glaciers of the ....
Altamirano, Fernando, Paper by ....
Alternate current frequency recorder ....
Aluminum, Position of, in the voltaic series
Use of, as a positive element in a primary cell
American Bottom of Illinois, Mounds of . . .
Amitosis in the embyro of Fasciolaria
Ammonia, Action of, upon solutions of copper sulphate
Concentration cells in liquid
Ammonoosac district of New Hampshire, New studies in
Andrews, Launcelot W., Paper by ....
Anthers, Dehiscence of, by apical pores
Anthropology ........
PAOX
376
443
535
5"
329
466
466
466
588
547
548
579
579
579
543
541
535
374
445
544
375
445
i5o7
541
379
380
380
5.47
535
445
445
504
444
543
545
6l2
INDEX.
Ants of Texas, Fungi cultivated by
Appalachian Basin, The Carboniferous of the
Pottsville, Deposition of the
Apples, The ripening of . . .
Aqueous films, absorbed, Thickness of
Arbacia, Morphology of artificial parthenogenesis in
Archaeology, Danish Museum of ...
of the Afton Sulphur Springs, Indian Territory
Archegonium, Phylogeny and development of, in Mnium cus
pidatum ......
Arches, steel concrete, The design of
Arickaree war shield, The history of an
Arrow points of bone and antler, Efficiency of
Arterial system of the dog. An anomaly in the
Arthur, J. C, Paper by ....
Artificial flight. Practicable
Association of American Geologists and Naturalists, Meetings
and officers of . . .
Astronomical photography in southern California, Facilities for
Astronomy, Mathematics and
Short sketch of the progress of, in the United States
Atkinson, Edward, Paper by
G. P., Paper by
Atmosphere, Circulation of, as indicated by recent abnormal sky
colors
Exploration of, with kites at Blue Hill Observatory
since 1894
Axes, principal, of large telescopes, Supporting and counter-
weighting of ... .
Bailey, E. H. S., Paper by
Bain, H. F., and U. S. Grant, Paper by
Bancroft, Wilder D., Paper by
Barley com, The life of a
Barnes, H. T., and E. Rutherford, Paper by
Barrett, J. T., and Frank Smith, Paper by
Bartow, Edward, Paper by
Basin range structure, A study in
Baskerville, Charles, Address by
Papers by
and Geo. F. Kunz,
Baskets, Some rare West Coast
Beal, W. J., Paper by
Begonia, An ecologically aberrant
Benjamin, C. H., Paper by
Benton formation in eastern South Dakota
Paper by
PAOB
543
507
Sof
445
381
536
547
54*
544
465
547
54&
537
542
466
15
373
347
374
57^
542
381
466
373
444
505
443
445
382
53^
445
506
387
445
445
548
S4»
54»
466
507
INDEX.
613
PAOB
Benzene, acetic acid and water, The Ternary system, . 443
Bermuda biological station for research • 53^
Ecological notes on the islands of .541
Bessey, C. E., Paper by 541
and S. M. Coulter, Paper by . 544
Bigelow, W. D., H. C. Gore and B. J. Howard, Paper by 445
Big Horn Mountains, Stratigraphy of, compared with that of
Black Hills and Rocky Mountains, front range 508
Biological interpretation of skew variation . . 536
station for research, The Bermuda 538
Bissell, G. W., Paper by ....... 536
Black Hills, Stratigraphy of, compared with that of Big Horn
Mountains and Rocky Motm tains, front range 508
Bliss, G. A., Paper by ....... 375
Blood flow and vascular system in DiplocardiacommtmisGarman 536
Blue Hill Observatory, Exploration of atmosphere with kites at,
since 1894 ........ 466
Bones, Fractured human, as showing efficiency of bone and antler
arrow points .....
Borelly's comet .....
Botany .......
of the Caucasus Mountains, Notes on
Botrychium obliquum, Prothallia of
Boyd, James E., and Horace Judd, Paper by
Brace, D. B., Papers by ... .
Brain and nerve cord of Placobdella pediculata
Study of cross-sectional courses through, with cortex sur-
face relations .......
weight. The correlation of, with other characters .
Breathing and feeding in the lamprey. The mechanism of
Breeding habits and function of the pearl organs in several spe-
cies of Eventognathi 535
Brennan, M. S., Paper by 374
Bridge engineering. New features and tendencies in .465
Briggs, Ljrman J., Papers by 381,38a
and A. W. McCall, Paper by . 381
Brown, John C, Paper by 537
Bryan, W. J. S., Paper by 579
Buckley, E. R., Paper by 505
Bureau of Standards, National, Work of ... . 383
Burton, E. F., Paper by 382
Bushnell, David I., Jr., Paper by 547
Cady, Hamilton P., Paper by 445
Cahokia and surrounding mound groups .... 547
Calculus of variations. An application to -375
548
374
539
541
543
465
379. 382. 383
537
536
536
537
6i4
INDEX.
its
Calorimetry, steam, Continuous method of ...
Campbell, M. R., Paper by ......
W. W., Paper by ......
Carbohydrates and fiber in feeding stuffs. Investigation of
Carboniferous of the Appalachian Basin; Part II, the Pottsville
Carbon, Remarkable distribution of, on the bulb of a 'Hylo'
incandescent lamp .....
total, of coal, soil, etc., A method for determining
Carden, G. L., Paper by .
Cartmel, W. B., Paper by .....
Caryophyllaceae, Morphology of .
Caucasus Mountains, Notes on the botany of the
Cave, Potter Creek, Fauna of .... .
Cells, Concentration, in liquid ammonia
A method of comparing standard
Cement products. The fatigue of ....
Ceremonial flint, Presentation of, and facts relative to
discovery .......
Cestode Crossobothrium laciniatum, Demonstration of prepa
rations made during study of life-history of
Chanute, Octave, Paper by
Chemical irritation. Effect of, upon the respiration of fungi
stimulation of algae .....
Chemistry ........
Cheyenne sun-dance of 1903, Torture incident of
Circles represented by ^'P + WQ + M^tR 4- NS = o .
Cities, social and economic development of. Services of com
mercial organizations in
Clements, F. E., Paper by .
Coals, Iowa ....
Coal, soil, etc., A method for determining the total carbon of
Coefficients of elasticity, Methods of determining the
Coincident variations
Cole, A. D., Paper by
Coleman, A. P., Papers by .
College, Work of the, in the formation
opinion ....
Collie, George L., Paper by
Collins, J. v.. Paper by
Columbia, Mo., Plant formations in the
Comet, Borelly's
Commercial organizations, Services of,
nomic development of cities
Committee, General, Meeting of
on amendments, Report of
504.
of social and economic
PAOK
374
444
507
380
444
467
380
544
541
503
445
379
465
547
537
466
543
544
385
547
373
580
542. 544
465
444
467
373
379
507
vicinity of
in the social and eco
580
506
375
543
374
580
603
602
INDEX.
615
PAGE
600
597
596
601
598
601
596
602
Committee on anthropology , teaching of, in America, Report of
anthropometric tests, Report of
atomic weight of thorium, Report of
grants, Report of ....
indexing chemical literature, Report of
policy of the Association, Report of
relation of plants to climate, Report of
relations of the journal Science with the Asso-
ciation, Report of . ...
velocity of light, Report of . 379. 599
Commutative operations are conjugate, Groups in which certain 376
Compensator, A half shade elliptical polarizer and
Compensatory regulation. Studies in
Compounds, the constitution of, Werner's theory of valence and
Comstock, G. C, Paper by .....
Conant, Charles A., Paper by .
Concentration cells in liquid ammonia
Concrete arches, steel. The design of ...
Conductivity, Electrical, of liquid films
Cone of Mont PeMe, The new
Conic sections, A linkage for describing, by continuous motion
Conjugate operations. Complete sets of ...
Constants, Dielectric, of some inorganic solvents
Constitution .......
Cook, S. R., Papers by ..... .
M. T., Papers by ..... .
Copper sulphate, Action of ammonia upon solutions of
Cortex surface relations of brain ....
Coulter, S. M., Papers by . . .
and C. E. Bessey, Paper by .
Country, Wall Street and the .....
Cowles, H. C, Paper by ..... .
Craterellus taxophilus. A new species of Thelephoracese
Cremation cists and stone graves in the vicinity of St. Louis
Crook, A. R., Paper by ..... .
Crossobothrium laciniatum. Demonstration of preparations made
during a study of the life-history of . . .
Crystallization, water of, Method for preparing salts with a
definite number of molecules of .
Curtis, Charles F., Paper by .....
George Carroll, Papers by ....
W. C, Paper by ..... .
Curves, experimental. Graphical methods for determining the
equations of ........ 465
Cyanophyceae, Mitotic division of the nuclei in . . . 543
379
536
444
374
580
445
465
382
505
373
376
445
2Q
380
538, 544
445
536
541
544
580
541
543
548
505
537
444
579
503
537
6i6
INDEX.
, Paper by
PAOK
541
542
547
508
579
375
4fi
503
505
537
579
325
543
444
541
443
Cypress swamps of the St. Francis River
Daniels, Francis, Paper by
Danish Museum of Archaeology
Darton, N. H., Paper by
Davenport, C. B., Paper by
Eugene, Paper by
Davis, E. W., Paper by
W. M., Address by .
Paper by
and E. Huntington
Dawson, Jean, Paper by
Day, John W., Paper by
Deceased members
Dehiscence of anthers by apical pores
Deposit from city water pipes. An interesting
Desert, The Alamogordo ....
Detergent power, A method of grading soaps as to their
Determinants , symmetric and skew symmetric , Generalization of 375
Dickson, L. E., Papers by ..... 375, 376
Dielectric constant-s of some inorganic solvents . .445
Differential equation of the second order. Existence theorem for 375
movement, recent, along the New England coast . 503
telephone . . .380
Differentiation of the strobilus .544
Diffusion of ions. Charges given to surfaces by, and the earth's
negative potential .380
North American hawk moths . 536
Dikes, Fossiliferous sandstone, in the Eocene of Tennessee and
Kentucky ........ 503
Diplocardia communis Garman, Vascular system and blood flow
in ......... . 53^
Dissociation phenomena of the alkyle haloids and of the mon-
atomic alcohols ....... 445
Distribution of plants, Chemical constituents of a soil as affecting 542
Dog, An anomaly in the arterial system of the . . 537
Domes and dome structure in the high Sierra ... 506
Dorsey, George A., Papers by ..... . 547
Double salts of lead ....... 443
The theory of ...... 444
Drawings from the Estufa of Jemez, New Mexico . 548
Driftless area, A pre-glacial peneplain in the .... 505
Dryer, Charles R., Paper by .504
Duane, William, Paper by . . . 380
Duerden, J. E., Papers by . . 504, 537
Durand, E. Dana, Paper by 580
\
INDEX.
617
VAOK
Earle, F. S., Paper by ....... 542
Earth origin, The new geology under the new hypothesis of . 506
The two chief faunae of the . • 53^
Earth's negative potential, Charges given to surfaces by dif-
fusion of ions, and ....... 380
Ecologically aberrant Begonia, An . .542
Ecological notes on the islands of Bermuda . .541
study, The flora of the St. Peter sandstone . 542
Ecology, The work of the year 1903 in . .541
Economic and social development of cities, Services of com-
mercial organizations in 580
opinion. Work of the college in the forma-
ation of .... . 580
science in high schools. Status of . 579
normal schools, Status of 580
universities. Status of . 580
significance of evolution of agriculture in
Middle West . 579
street railway traffic in
cities .580
science. Social and . . . .549
functions of live stock . -579
Economics, Agricultural -579
Eddy, Henry T., Paper by .381
Eichelberger, W. S., Paper by .374
Elasticity, coefficients of. Methods of determining 467
Electric double refraction in gases .383
Electrodeless discharge in nitrogen, Spectrum of . 383
Electrolytic rectifier. Theory of the .380
Elements, Verified and unverified . .387
Elliptic functions and the general symmetric group on four
letters . . . . . . -375
Elodea canadensis. The morphology of 543
Embryo of Fasciolaria, Amitosis in -535
Engineering, Mathematics and ...... 449
Mechanical science and .447
Enzyme-secreting cells in the seedlings of Zea mais and Phoenix
dactylifera ......... 544
Eocene of Tennessee and Kentucky, Fossiliferous sandstone
dikes in ........ . 503
Eoliths from England and Belgium, Presentation of 547
Ephedra trifurca. The life history of . -543
Epsteen, Saul, Paper by . .376
Equations of experimental curves. Graphical methods for deter-
mining ......... 465
6i8
INDEX.
PAQK
Erosion, Glacial, in the Finger Lake region, New York . 507
western New York, Evidences of slight . 507
phenomena, Striking, observed on the islands of St.
Vincent and Martinique in 1903 . . 506
Eros parallax photographs at the Goodsell Observatory . 374
Eruptive, The Sudbury nickel- bearing . .504
Estufa of Jemez, New Mexico, Some drawings from the . 548
Ether, Double refraction in matter moving through the . . 382
Eventognathi, Breeding^ habits and function of the pearl organs
in several species of . . . . . - 535
Evermann, Barton W., Paper by ..... 537
Evolution of the trotting horse, A feature in the . . 535
without mutation *...... 536
Executive proceedings . 585
Expansion coefficient of quartz and nickel at high temperatures,
Determination of . .381
Experimental curves, Graphical methods for determining the
equations of ........ 465
Fairchild, H. L., Papers by ..... 506, 507
Family, Relation of the, to the labor problem . 579
Farm management, Improvement in . -579
Farrington, Oliver C, Paper by ..... 503
Fasciolaria, Amitosis in the embryo of . . 535
Fatigue of cement products . . . .465
Fauna of the Potter Creek Cave . . . . -503
Faunae, of the earth, The two chief . . • 53^
Fayalite in certain igneous rocks of Wisconsin • . . . 504
Feathers, iridescent . . . . . . . -536
Feeding and breathing in the lamprey. The mechanism of 537
stuffs, Investigation of carbohydrates and fiber in 444
Ferguson, A. M., Paper by ...... 543
Fiber and carbohydrates in feeding stuffs. Investigation of . 444
Field work in the Wisconsin lead and zinc district . 504
Films, absorbed aqueous. Thickness of . . .381
■t Electrical conductivity of liquid . . .382
Finger Lake region. New York, Glacial erosion in -507
Studies in the western .... 504
Finite groups, Algebras defined by . . . . -375
Fink, Bruce, Paper by ....... 541
Flight, artificial. Practicable ...... 466
Flint, ceremonial, Presentation of, and facts relative to its dis-
covery ......... 547
Floods on the Mississippi River, A rational method of control-
ling ......... 467
INDEX.
619
Flora of Mexico, A botanical and medical photo- herbarium of
the St. Peter sandstone in Iowa, an ecological study
Flowers, wild, A plea for the preservation of our .
Fluorescence, Spectro-photometric study of .
Flying machine problem ......
Foley, Arthur L., Papers by ..... 380,
Forestry, Functions of, in the new' Agriculture
Fossiliferous sandstone dikes in the Eocene of Tennessee and
Kentucky . . .
Fossil water fungus in petrified wood from Egypt .
Foxworthy, F. W., Paper by .... .
Frankforter, G. B., Paper by
Fraps, G. S., Paper by ..... .
Freeman, E. M., Paper by .....
Frequency meter, New form of .
recorder, A simple alternate current
Fuchsin, Selective reflection of .
Fungi cultivated by Texas ants .....
nomenclature of, The necessity for reform in
respiration of. Effect of chemical irritation upon .
Fungus, Fossil water, in petrified wood from Egypt
Gall-producing insects, Mouth parts and oviposition of
Galls, insect. Histology of .....
Galois field, Group characters of the g^oup of all linear fractional
substitutions in a
Gases, Investigation of kinetic theory of, by elementary methods
General Committee, Meeting of .
General Secretary, Report of .... .
Geographers' Union, An American ....
Geographical distribution of members
publications. The concentration of
Geographic life [centers, Analogy between the departure from
optimum vital conditions and departure from .
Geography and geology of western Mexico
Geology and ......
in the United States .....
Tectonic, of southwestern New England and south
eastern New York ....
Geological survey, State, A system of keeping the records of a
Geology and geography ......
of western Mexico
The new, under the new hypothesis of earth origin
Geometry, Message of non-Euclidean ....
Gilbert, G. K., Paper by
PAOB
544
382
466
579
503
504
544
444
443
543
380
379
380
543
542
543
504
538
544
376
381
603
587
503
197
503
535
503
469
471
505
505
469
503
506
349
506
620
INDEX.
Glacial erosion in the Finger Lake region, New York
western New York, Evidences of slight
Glaciation and physiography of the western Tian Shan Moun
tains, Turkestan .
Glaciers of the Alps, Waning of
Glenn, L. C, Paper by
Gliadin in wheat flour, Determination of, by means of the polari
Gold, Solubility of, in certain oxidizing agents
Gore, H. C, W. D. Bigelow and B. J. Howard, Paper by
Government, representative. Some recent developments in
Grand Soufriere of Guadaloupe .....
Granites of North Carolina, Structural relations of
Grant, U. S., Paper by .
and H. F. Bain, Paper by . . .
Graphical methods for determining the equations of experimental
Graves, Stone, and cremation cists in the vicinity of St. Louis
Greely, A. W., Paper by
Greensfelder, A. P., Paper by
Grindley, H. S., Paper by .
Group concept, An extension of the
Guadaloupe, Grand Soufriere of .
Gulliver, F. P., Paper by
Habitat, Restricted, of Scutigerella immaculata (Newport)
Hagerty, J. H., Paper by ...
Hall, C. W., Paper by ......
E. H., Paper by . . ...
Haloids, alkyle, and monatomic alcohols. Dissociation phenom
ena of ....
Halsted, George Bruce, Address by
Paper by .
Hancock, E. L., Paper by
Hargitt, Charles W., Address by .
Harper, R. H., Paper by
Harpochytrium, The genus: its development, synonymy and
distribution .....
Harris, J. A., Paper by ... .
Hart, Joseph H., Paper by .
Haupt, Lewis M., Paper by .
Hawk moths, North American, The diffusion of
Hays, W. M., Paper by ... .
Head, vertebrate. Morphology of, from viewpoint of functional
divisions of nervous system .
Heat developed on moistening insoluble powders
507
443
444
445
580
506
504
504
50s
465
548
535
466
443
373
506
506
535
580
467
380
445
349
373
373
5"
548
54a
543
381
467
536
579
536
381
IKDBX.
621
PAOX
Heating effect of radium emanations .382
Hedgecock, Geo. C, Paper by ..... . 543
Hedrick, E. R., Papers by . 375
Hellgate Valley, Note on the geology of, in Montana 504
Heredity, ancestral. The relation between the law of, and Men-
delianism ........ 536
Hertzian waves since Hertz -379
High Schools, social and economic science in, Status of . 579
Hillyer, H. W., Paper by ....... 443
Histogenesis, constitution and physiological state of peripheral
nerve, A theory of the ....... 538
Histology of insect galls .544
Hitchcock, A. S., Paper by . 543
C. H., Paper by . 504
Hobbs, William Herbert, Papers by . • SoS
Holferty, G. M., Paper by . 544
Holmes, S. J., Paper by ......
Honorary Fellows .......
Horse power, A producer — a proposed new unit
trotting, A feature in the evolution of the
Hough, G. W., Papers by .
Hovey, E. O., Papers by ..... .
Howard, B. J., W. D. Bigelow and H. C. Gore, Paper by
Hughes, Charles H., Paper by .... .
Human development, The knife in ... .
Humboldt region ; a study in basin range structure
Hunter, Geo. W., Paper by .
S. J., Paper by ..... .
Huntington, E., and W. M. Davis, Paper by
Hydraulic micrometer caliper. An ....
Hydrogen-charged palladium .....
occluded. Influence of, on the electrical resistance of
palladium ......
Hydroids, gymnoblastic, A new family of, from the Hawaiian
Islands ........
Ichthyosaurs, Triassic, Types of limb structure in .
Igneous rocks of Wisconsin, Payalite in . . .
Illinois, Mounds of the American Bottom of .
Incandescent lamp, 'Hylo,' Remarkable distribution of carbon
on bulb of .......
Incorporated scientific bodies .....
Incorporation, Act of ......
Indian, The future of the ......
Induction coefficients, mutual, A method for the determination
of
373.
505.
535
40
466
535
374
506
445
536
547
506
538
536
505
465
380
379
537
537
504
547
380
196
28
547
379
623
INDEX.
Inorganic solvents, The dielectric constants of some
Insect galls, The histology of ... .
life above timber line in Colorado and Arizona
Insects, gall-producing. Mouth parts and oviposition of
Insurance, Mutual, for the prevention of strikes
Ions, Charges given to surfaces by diffusion of, and the earth'
negative potential .....
Iowa coals .......
plants. Distribution of some, and formation on
they occur ......
Iridescent feathers ......
Iron losses in loaded transformers
Iroquois beach in Ontario ....
Italian and Swiss lakes, Postglacial changes of altitude in
Jacobian identity, Analogues of, that involve four elements
Jacoby, H. S., Paper by ..... .
Jemez, New Mexico, Some drawings from the Estufa of ,
Johnston, J. B., Paper by .
Johonnott, E. S., Paper by .
Jordan, H. E., Paper by ... .
Judd, Horace, and James E. Boyd, Paper by
Judson, Frederick N., Paper by .
Julien, Alexis A., Paper by .
Kasner, Edward, Paper by .
Kinetic theory of gases, Investigation of, by elementary methods
Kinner, H., Papers by ....
Kites at Blue Hill Observatory, Exploration of
with, since 1894 ....
Knife in human development
Kunz, Geo. F., and Charles Baskerville, Paper by
Labor is king, When ....
problem. Relation of the family to the
Some recent phases of the
Lake margin. Zones of vegetation about a
Lamprey, The mechanism of feeding and breathing
Land, W. J. G., Paper by .
Langsdorf, A. S., Papers by . . .
Language, Mohegan-Pequot, A glossary of
Larkin, E. L., Paper by ....
Laysan, Albatross rookeries on .
Lead and zinc district, Field work in, in Wisconsin
Some double salts of .
Lenher, Victor, Paper by .
Levees, outlets and reservoirs
Lewis, Percival, Papers by .
PAOX
445
544
537
538
579
380
465
which
542
536
379
507
506
375
465
548
536
379
376
465
580
504
373
381
547. 548
atmosphere
466
547
445
579
579
551
542
537
543
465
548
373
535
504
443
444
467
383
in the
380,
INDEX.
623
PAOK
Lichen society of a sandstone riprap . . . .541
Lichenfe, The phylogeny of the . .542
Life centers, geographic, Analogy between the departure from
optimum vital conditions and departure from . 535
Light, natural, Effect of a magnetic field on the interference of 379
Limb structure. Types of. in the Triassic ichthyosaurs 537
Lincoln, A. F., Paper by ...... . 443
Lineaments of the eastern United States 505
Linear fractional group, Group characters of a -376
substitutions in a Galois field, Group characters
of the group of all 376
homogeneous groups of determinant unity, Group char-
acters of ..... . 376
Linkage for describing the conic sections by continuous motion 373
Live stock, Economic functions of -579
Livingston, B. E., Papers by 541, 544
Locke, James, Papers by ..... . 444, 445
Loess, Distributions of the, in the Missouri Valley . 507
Fresh water shells in the .508
at St. Joseph ........ 508
Lolium, Symbiosis in . -543
Longden, A. C, Paper by ....... 379
Louderback, G. D., Paper by ..... . 506
Luminiferous preparations. Preparation of permanently . 445
Lutz, Frank E., Papers by . $36
Lyon, H. L., Paper by ...... . 543
Machinery department of the World's Fair, Some topics con-
nected with ........ 467
MacBride, T. H., Paper by . .541
McCall, A. W., and Lyman J. Briggs, Paper by . .381
McCaustland, E. J., Paper by . . .465
McCoy, L. S., Paper by ....... 373
McCruden, F. H., Paper by ...... 444
MacCurdy, George Grant, Papers by . -547
McElfresh, W. E., Paper by ...... 379
McGee, W J, Paper by ...... . 547
MacMillan, C, Paper by ....... 542
Magnetic detector, Marconi, Use of nickel in the 382
field, Effect of, on the interference of natural light 379
Velocity of light in a . . . 379
Magruder, Wm. T., Papers by .... . 465, 466
Mandingo ship tunnel, A proposed method of building the . 467
Marbut, C. F., Papers by . 505, 507
Marconi magnetic detector, Use of nickel in the ,382
Mark, E. L., Paper by ....... 538
624
INDBX.
Martinique and St. Vincent, Striking erosion phenomena ob-
served on, in 1903 ....
Mathematics and astronomy
Mathematics and engineering
Mean, Law of, for functions of several variables
Meats, A study of the nitrogenous constituents of
Mechanical science and engineering . ' .
Medicine, experimental, Physiology and
Meetings and officers of Association of American Geologists and
Naturalists
of the Association .
Members and Fellows .
of Association
Mendelianism, The relation between the law of ancestral hered
ity and ......
Merriam, John C, Papers by . . .
Merritt, Ernest, and E. L. Nichols, Papers by
Metals, ordinary, Radioactivity of
Mexican flora, A botanical and medical photo-herbarium of the
Mexico, western, Geography and geology of .
Michigan, Lake, Vegetation of the north shore of
pine region of, Relation of soil to distribution of
vegetation in
Micrometer caliper, An hydraulic
Miller, G. A., Paper by
Mills, D. O., Expedition
John, Papers by
Mississippi River Commission, Work of the
floods on, A rational method of controlling
The lower .....
Upper, The stream flow of the
Missouri Valley, Distribution of the Loess in the
Mitotic division of the nuclei in the Cyanophyceae .
Mnemiopsis leidyi. Some reactions of .
Mnium cuspidatum, Phylogeny and development of archego-
nium in .... .
Mounds of the American Bottom of Illinois
Mohegan-Pequot language, A glossary of
Moistening insoluble powders. Heat developed on
Molecular velocities
Molybdenite at Crown Point, Wash.
Mont Pel^e, The new cone of
Morphology of Caryophyllaceae
Elodea canadensis.
Mound groups, Cahokia and surrounding
PAOB
506
347
449
375
443
447
581
16
16
41
40
536
537
382
382
541
503
543
541
465
373
374
379
467
467
467
467
507
543
538
544
547
548
381
465
505
505
544
543
547
INDEX.
625
inch transit circle
Mouth parts and oviposition of gall-producing insects
Museum of Archaeology, Danish
Mutation, Evolution without
Mutual induction coefficients. A method for the determination
of .... .
Nachtrieb, H. F., Paper by .
Nantucket shore lines, II .
Naval Observatory, U. S., Pivots of the nme-
of . . . . .
Navigation, Aerial
Nebula, solar. Primitive conditions in
Nef, John Uric, Paper by
Nerve cord and brain of Placobdella pediculata
peripheral. Histogenesis, constitution and physiological
state of .
Nervous system, functional divisions of. Morphology of the
vertebrate head from view point of . . .
Newcomb, H. T., Address by .... .
New England coast. Evidences of recent differential movement
along .....
southwestern. Tectonic geography of
New York, southeastern. Tectonic geography of
Nichols, E. L., and Ernest Merritt, Papers by
Nickel-bearing eruptive. The Sudbury .
quartz and. Determination of expansion coefficient of,
at high temperatures . .381
Use of, in the Marconi magnetic detector 382
Nilson, Arvid, Paper by . .445
Nipher, F. E., Papers by ..... . 380, 535
Nitrogen, Spectrum of the afterglow of spark discharge of, at
low pressures 383
electrodeless discharge in 383
Nitrogenous constituents of meats, A study of the . . 443
Nomenclature of fungi, The necessity for reform in. 542
Non-Euclidean geometry, Message of . .349
Normal schools, social and economic science in. Status of 580
Nuclei, Mitotic division of the, in the Cyanophyceae . . 543
Number system. The definition of a reducible hyper-complex . 376
Nutting, C. C, Papers by 535, 537
Occultations of stars by the moon, The prediction of 374
Ockerson, J. A., Paper by ...... 467
Officers of meetings of Association 17
and meetings of Association of American Geologists
and Naturalists 16
of Section A ...,..* . 348
PAoa
538
547
536
379
537
506
374
466
380
445
537
538
536
55'
503
505
505
382
504
626
IND^X.
O dicers of Section B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
Olive, E. W., Paper by
Ontario, The Iroquois beach in
Organic adaptation, Some unsolved problems of
substances, Phosphorescence of, at low temperatures
Osbom, H. L., Paper by ......
Outlets and reservoirs, Levees,
Oviposition and mouth parts of gall-producing insects
Owen, Luella Agnes, Paper by .
Oxidizing agents, Solubility of gold in certain
Ozark region in Missouri, Physiography of .
stratigraphy, Further studies of .
Packard, Alpheus S., Paper by .
Palladium, Hydrogen-charged
Influence of occluded hydrogen on electrical resist
ance of
Pammel, L. H., Paper by
Parr, S. W., Paper by.
Parthenogenesis, artificial, in the sea-urchin Arbacia, Mor-
phology of .
Patrons .........
Pearl organs, Function of, in several species of Eventognathi
Pearl, Raymond, Paper by .
Peneplain, A pre-glacial, in the driftless area .
Pepper, George H., Paper by .... .
Pequot, Mohegan-, language, A glossary of the
Peripheral nerve, A theory of the histogenesis, constitution and
physiological state of .
Permanent Secretary, Report of .
Perrine, CD., Paper by
Philadelphia Meeting, Council. for.
Officers for.
Phoenix dactylifera and Zea mais, Enzyme-secreting cells in the
seedlings of .
Phoma and Phyllosticta on the sugar beet, Proof of identity of
Phosphorescence of organic substances at low temperatures
Phosphorescent thorium o^^id^ , , . ' ,
PAGK
386
448
470
543
507
5"
382
535
467
538
508
444
50s
507
538
380
379
542
444
536
40
535
536
505
548
548
538
60s
373
13
10
544
543
382
445
1ND£X.
627
Phosphoric acid and potash in soils, Factors of availability of .
Photography, astronomical, Facilities for, in southern California
Photo-herbarium, Botanical and medical, of the Mexican flora
Phototaxis in Ranatra .....
Phyllosticta and Phoma on the sugar beet, Proof of identity of
Phylogeny of the lichens .....
Physical chemistry, The application of, to the study of uric
acid in urine ......
Physics ........
Physiography and glaciation of the western Tian Shan Moun
tains, Turkestan
of the Ozark region in Missouri
Physiology and experimental medicine .
Phytogeography, Research methods in .
Pine region of Michigan, Relation of soil to distribution of vege
tation in ...... .
Pith, Discoid, in woody plants ....
Pitot tubes, with experimental determinations of the forms
of water jets .......
Placobdella pediculata. The brain and nerve cord of
Plant distribution, Chemical constituents of a soil as affecting
formations in the vicinity of Columbia, Mo. .
Plants of Iowa, Distribution of some, and formations on which
they occur ......
woody. Discoid pith in . * .
Polariscope, Determination of gliadin in wheat flour by means
Polarizer and compensator, A half shade elliptical
Pores, apical. Dehiscence of anthers by .
Po River, The basin of ..... .
Postglacial changes of altitude in the Italian and Swiss lakes
Potash and phosphoric acid in soils, Factors of availability of
Potter Creek cave. Fauna of ... .
Pottsville, The .......
Deposition of the Appalachian
Powders, insoluble, Heat developed on moistening of
Pre-glacial peneplain in the driftless area
Preservation of our wild flowers, A plea for .
President, Address of the retiring
Primary cell, Use of aluminum as a positive element in a
Primitive roots of an ideal in an algebraic number field
Prince, J. D., $ind Frank G. Speck, Paper by.
Producer horsepower — a proposed new unit .
Propagation of smell, Rate of ... .
Prothallia of Botrychium obliquum
PAOB
443
373
541
535
543
542
444
377
505
505
581
541
541
544
465
537
542
542
542
544
443
379
543
506
506
443
503
507
507
381
505
544
329
380
375
548
466
380
543
628
INDftjt.
Protoplasmic structure, Studies on . -535
Pseudo-contact transformations, A class of . 375
Pseudosphere and the S3mtractrix of revolution, Lines on the . 373
Public purposes for which taxation is justifiable . .580
Pygmies, The African ........ 547
Quartz and nickel, Determination of expansion coefficient of, at
high temperatures . . . .381
Quinn, J. J., Paperby 373
Quinoline series. Synthesis of the ...... 445
Radioactivity of ordinary metals . . .382
radium, does it depend on the concentration? 382
Radium compounds. Action of, on rare earth oxides 445
emanations. Heating effect of . .382
radioactivity of , Does it depend on the concentration? 382
Railway traffic, street, Social and economic significance of,
in cities ......... 580
Ranatra, Phototaxis in -535
Randall, H. M., and John O. Reed, Paper by .381
Rare earth oxides, Action of radium compounds on .445
ultra-violet light on . 445
Reactions of Mnemoipsis leidyi ...... 538
Reagan, A. B., Paper by ...... . 548
Records of a State geological survey, A system of keeping 505
Rectifier, electrolytic, Theory of the . . . .380
Reed, H. S., Paper by ....... 544
John O., Paperby ....... 380
and H. M. Randall, Paper by .381
Reflection, selective, of fuchsin ...... 380
Refraction, Double, in matter moving through the ether . 382
Electric double, in gases -3^3
Regulation, compensatory, Studies in . . . -536
Reighard, Jacob, Paper by . . . -535
Relief, topographic, Two classes of .... . 503
Remsen, Ira, Address by . . . .329
Report of committee on amendments ..... 602
anthropometric tests . . 597
atomic weight of thorium . .596
grants ...... 601
indexing chemical literature 598
policy of the Association . . .601
relation of plants to climate 596
relations of the journal Science with
the Association . .602
teaching of anthropology in America . 600
velocity of light . . . 379* 599
tNl>fi?C.
629
Report of the General Secretary ....
Permanent Secretary ....
Treasurer .....
Representative government, Some recent developments in
Reptiles, marine, A new group of, from the Upper Triassic of
California .......
Reservoirs, Levees, outlets and ....
Respiration of fungi. Effect of chemical irritation upon
Richards, Ellen H., Paper by ... .
Rietz, H. L., Paper by .... .
Ripening of apples ......
Riprap, sandstone, Lichen society of a.
Rocky Mountains, front range. Stratigraphy of, compared with
that of Black Hills and Big Horn Mountains
Rosa, E. B., Paper by ....
Rotation period of the planet Saturn
Rotch, A. Lawrence, Papers by .
Rugosa (Tetracoralla), Development and relationships of the
Running, T. R., Paper by .
Russell, Israel C, Paper by .
Rutherford, E., Paper by .
and H. T. Barnes, Paper by.
St. Francis River, Cypress swamps of the
St. Joseph, The Loess at .... .
St. Lawrence outlet. The Trent River system and the
St. Louis, Aeronautical concourse at the World's Fair
contests at the World's Fair
Meeting, Council of ... .
Local committees of
Officers of ... .
Recent improvements at Union Station .
St. Peter sandstone. Flora of the, an ecological study
St. Vincent and Martinique, Striking erosion phenomena ob
served on, in 1903
Salmonidae and Thymallidae of Alaska
Salts, double. The theory of
of lead. Some double
with a definite number of molecules of water of crystal
lization. Method for preparing,
Sandstone dikes, Fossiliferous in the Eocene of Tennessee and
Kentucky
Sargent, Porter E., Paper by
Saturn, Rotation period of .
Saunders, Wm. F., Paper by
Schlundt, Herman, Paper by
PA»B
605
604
580
537
467
543
443
376
445
541
508
383
373
381.466
504. 537
373
503
382
383
541
508
506
466
466
7
8
5
466
542
506
537
444
443
444
503
538
373
580
445
6i<s
iMbfiX.
PAGt
Schmiedel, Oscar, Paper by .
• 375
Schweitzer, P. , Paper by . .
444
Scientific investigation and progress
329
Scutigerella immaculata (Newport), A restric
ted habit of . 535
Sea-urchin, Arbacia, Morphology of artificial ]
>arthenogenesis in 536
Second law of thermodynamics, Demonstratic
3n to disprove . 381
Section A ......
347
Address of vice-president-
349
Officers of .
. 348
B ....
377
Officers of .
. 378
C .....
. 385
Address of vice-president
. 387
. Officers of .
. 386
D
447
Address of vice-president
449
Officers of .
. 448
K ....
469
Address of vice-president
. 471
Officers of . . .
470
P ....
509
Address of vice-president
5"
Officers of .
510
G ....
539
Officers of .
540
H ....
545
Officers of .
546
I ....
549
Address of vice-president
551
Officers of .
550
Iv • « . .
. . .581
Officers of .
. 582
Seddon, Jas. A., Paper by .
467
Serrell, E. W.. Paper by
467
Shaw, J. B., Paper by
375
Shells, Fresh water, in the Loess .
508
Sherrard, Thos. H., Paper by
579
Shibley, Geo. H., Paper by .
580
Shield, Arickaree war, The history of an
547
Shimek, B., Papers by . . . .
$08. 542
Ship tunnel, Mandingo, A proposed method o
f building the . 467
Shore lines of Nantucket, II
506
Shutter, transit-room, A new type of
• . 373
Sierra, high. Domes and dome structure in th
le . . . 506
Sinclair, W. J., Paper by . . .
1
■ . . . 503
INDEX.
631
Skew variation, Biological interpretation of .
Sky colors, abnormal, as indicating circulation of atmosphere
Smell, Rate of propagation of
Smith, Frank, and J. T. Barrett, Paper by
Smoke prevention, The science of
Snow, Francis H., Paper by
Snyder, Harry, Paper by .
Soaps, A method of grading, as to their detergent power
Social and economic development of cities, Services of com
mercial organizations in
opinion. Work of the college in the for
mation of . . .
science ....
'*• in high schools. Status of
normal schools. Status of
universities. Status of
significance of street railway traffic in cities
evolution of agriculture in
Middle West
Soil, Chemical constituents of a, as affecting plant distribution
coal, etc., A method for determining the total carbon of
Relation of, to the distribution of vegetation in pine region
of Michigan .......
Soils, Factors of availability of potash and phosphoric acid in
Solar nebula. Primitive conditions in .
radiation, Absorption of, by the sun's atmosphere
Solid phases, Thermometric analysis of
Solubility of gold in certain oxidizing agents
Solvents, inorganic. The dielectric constants of some
Sound, New method for quantitive work in
South Dakota, eastern, The Benton formation in
Special committees of the Association .
Speck, Frank G., and J. D. Prince, Paper by.
Spectro-photometric study of fluorescence
Spectrum of the afterglow of spark discharge in nitrogen at low
pressures
electrodeless discharge in nitrogen
Spermogonium, Taxonomic value of the
Sprague, Robert J., Paper by ...
Standard cells, A method of comparing
Standards, Work of National Bureau of
Steam calorimetry, Continuous method of
Steel concrete arches, The design of . .
Stevenson, J. J., Paper by .
Stimulation, Chemical. of]algae ....
PAOK
380
536
466
537
443
443
580
580
549
579
580
580
580
579
542
444
541
443
380
374
443
444
445
380
507
13
548
382
383
383
542
580
379
383
381
465
507
544
632
INDEX.
Stratigraphy of Black Hills, Big Horn Mountains and Rocky
Moiin tains, front range .508
Ozark, Further studies of .... 507
Stream flow of the Upper Mississippi River .... 467
Strikes, Mutual insurance for the prevention of . 579
Strobilus, The differentiation of the ... 544
Strong, R. M., Paper by ...... . 536
Sudbury nickel-bearing eruptive . .504
Sugar beet, Phoma and Phyllosticta on the, Proof of the identity
Sun-dance, Cheyenne, of 1903, Torture incident of . . 547
Sun's atmosphere, Absorption of solar radiation by 374
motion relative to a group of faint stars 374
Surviving Founders ........ 40
Swiss and Italian lakes, Postglacial changes of altitude in . 506
Sylow's theorem, The generalization and extension of . 373
Symbiosis in Lolium • S43
Syntractrix of revolution, Lines on the pseudosphere and the 373
Taxation, Public purposes for which justifiable 580
Taxonomic value of the spermogonium . .542
Taylor, Frank Bursley, Paper by . . .506
H. C, Paper by ...... . 579
R. S., Paper by ....... 467
Tectonic geography of southwestern New England and south-
eastern New York ....... 505
Teeple, J. E., Paper by ...... . 444
Telephone, The differential .380
Telescopes, large. Supporting and counterweigh ting principal
axes of '373
Ternary system, benzene, acetic acid and water . .443
(Tetracoralla), Development and relationships of the Rugosa 504, 537
Thelephoraceae, Craterellus taxophilus, A new species of .
Thermodynamics, Demonstration to disprove second law of
Thermometric analysis of solid phases ....
Thom, C, Papers by .
Thorium oxide. Phosphorescent .....
Thurston, Henry W., Paper by .
Thymallidae and Salmonidae of Alaska ....
Tian Shan Mountains, western, of Turkestan, Physiography and
glaciation of the .......
Timber line, Insect life above, in Colorado and Arizona ,
Tod4, David, Paper by ..... .
J. E., Paper by.
Topographic relief, Two classes of ....
Torture incident of the Cheyenne sun-d^c^ of 1903
543
381
443
543
445
580
537
50s
537
373
507
503
347
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