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^uieiieie:i: ^tcf^aeologtcal Society.

SUSSEX
arcj^afological CoUrcttons,

HISTOET AND ANTIQUITIES OF THE COUNTY.

pnBLIBHXD B

Cite Sussex ^rrtiarolostral Society.

VOL. XXXIV.

H. WOLFF,

BIGH STBEET, LEWES.
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CONTENTS.

PAOI

List of Offiosrs ix

Rules xi

Report of the Committee for the Years 1883, 1884 & 1885 ziii

Statememt of Accounts xix

List of Honorary Members with Dates of Election xxii

List of Members with Dates of Admission to the Society xxiii

Coeekspondino Societies xxxy

Supplementary Observations on the Parentage of the
Counters Oundreda, Wife of William, First Earl
OF Warenne and Surrey. By Sir G.F, Diickett^Bart.... 1

Cawley the Regicide. By the Rev. Frederick H, Amoldj LL,B. 21

Sussex Domestic Architecture in its Humbler Aspects.

By J, Leivis Andrif Esq 89

The Castle of Lewes. By George T, Clark ^ Esq 57

Some Supplementary Notes on the Castle of Lewes. By

Samers Clarke, Jun., F.S, A 69

The Architectural History of the Cluniac Priory of St.

Pancras at Lewes. By W. H, St. John Hope, M,A., F.S.A. 71

Monumental Inscriptions from the Church of Horsted
Keynes, Sussex. Compiled by Granville Leveson Gower,
Esq., F.S.A 107

Charters of the Abbey of Cluni : More Particularly
Affecting its Affiliated Priory of St. Pancras, at
Lewes. By Sir G. F. Duckett, Bart 121

Genealogical Memoranda Relating to the Family of
White, of Horsham, Steyning, Shipley, and Cowfold,
Co. Sussex, of Mitcham, Croydon, and Reioate, Co.
Surrey, and of London, with Pedigree. By H. GaiTaway
Rice, Esq 127

Hangleton and its History. By Charles E. Clayton, Esq 167

A History of the Parish of Oving. By the Rev. H. M.

Davey, M.A.,F.G.S.y Vicar 185

An Account of the Discovery of Roman Remains on the
East Chesswood Estate, Worthing, 1881. By Alexander
James Fenton, Esq 215

Inscriptions in the Churchyard of Willingdon, Co. Sushkx.

By Alfred Ridley Bax, Esq 221

VI CONTENTS.

PAOK

A British Bbttlkmkmt between Lindfield and Horsted

Ketneb. By H. F. Napper, Esq 237

Additional Notes on ** The Measurements of Ptolemy and

OF THE AnTONINE ITINERARY," BY GoRDON M. HlLLS, EsQ.

By H. F. Napper, Esq 239

Some Notes upon the Architecture of Otehall, in the
Parish of Wivelsfield, Sussex. By Balph Nevill, Esq,^
F,S.A 255

Notes and Queries :

On the Etymology of ' Rye'' 258

Wamham : Its Church, MonumentSy Registers^ and Vicars

{Vol. XXXIIL.p. 165) 258

Sussex Iron Fire Back 259

" Bumboo" an ISth Century Drink 259

Haywards Heath 260

Removing a Mill Entire 261

Discovery at Edhurton 261

Dedication of New Shoreham Church 262

A List of some Papers in the ** Archaeologia " relating to Sussex 262

Archaeological Discoveries at Prestonville, Bnghton 263

Editor's Notices 264

LIST or ENGRAVINGS.

Portrait op William Cawley to face page 21

Gawlbt's Almshouse, Chichester 99 ^ 36

Small Sandstone House at Coates ,} ^ 42

Sandstone House at Friday Street, Warnham... „ „ 42

Chimneys at ** Standings," Horsham ; at East

Street, Horsham; and at Thakeham ,} „ 44

Inside of Window, at Town House, Slinfold.

Staircase, Balusters, and Newel, Shelbourn

Priory. Leaden Pantry Lights, North

Street, Horsham, &o )> >» 45

" JuTTY " Trusses, at Midhurst and Mayfield.

Bracket, at Fittle worth. Door-case, at

*' Dedisham," Slinfold. Barge-i^oard, at

TiLLiNGTON. Iron Lock-plate, at Portslade.

Examples of Key Plates. Spit-racks, at

"Mockfords," Henfield; and "Stone Farm,"

Warnham n „ 49

Panelling at Horsham (from a House in East
Street). Panelling and Staircase at Town
House, Slinfold 99 9, 60

Quilt, from a House at Pulborough „ » 54

Lewes Castle and Environs (Plan) n ,» 57

Lewes Castle and Ezoavations in Keep (Plan) „ „ 67

Lewes Priory (Plans) ,y „ 71

Hangleton Place, from the N.E ,> ly 167

Arms of Bbllingham on page 170

Wrought-iron Bolt, Hangleton „ ,» 173

Arms of Scrase 1, i, 173

Ceiling at Hangleton to face page 173

Plan Showing the Spot where Roman Pottery

WAS Found at Worthing on page 216

EoMAN Pottery, found at East Chess wood,

Worthing, 1881 to face page 218

Otbhall, Sussex (Plan) 9, yy 255

Sussex Iron Firb Back on page. 259

JANUARY, 1886

Sttssex ^rti)aeoUigttal Society.

LIST OF OFFICERS,

THE BABL OP CHICHESTER, LORD LIEUTENANT AND CUSTOS ROT.

THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, E.G.

THE DUKE OF NORFOLK, E.M., K.G.

THE MARQUESS OF ABERGAVENNY, K.G.

THE EARL DE LA WARR.

THE EARL OF EGMONT.

THE EARL OF SHEFFIELD.

VISCOUNT HAMPDEN, G.C.B.

LORD VISCOUNT GAGE.

LORD COLCHESTER, F.S.A.

LORD MONK BRETTON.

THE LORD BISHOP OF CHICHESTER.

LORD ZOUCHE.

SIR WILLIAM GRANTHAM.

THE RIGHT HON. G. J. GOSCHEN, MJ>.

THE BIGHT HON. A. J. BERESFORD HOPE, M.P., D.C.L., P.SJ^.

THE HON. PERCY WYNDHAM.
COL. SIB WALTER BARTTELOT BARTTELOT, BART., CJ3., M.P.

C. G. S. FOLJAMBE, ESQ., M.P., F.S.A.
THE BBV. SIB GEORGE CROXTON SHIFFNER, BART., M.A.

W. L. CHRISTIE, ESQ.

P. A. INDERWICK, ESQ., Q.C.

G. B. GREGORY, ESQ., M.P.

L. J. JENNINGS, ESQ., M.P.

MONTAGUE D. SCOTT, ESQ.

T. C. THOMPSON, ESQ.

J. G. BLENCOWE, ESQ.

BBV. J. COLLINGWOOD BRUCE, LL.D., P.S.A.

H. W. FREELAND, ESQ.

REV. JOHN GORING, M.A.

ROBERT HENRY HURST. ESQ.

EDWARD HUSSEY, ESQ.
W. TOWNLEY MITFORD, ESQ.

J^onorars Sbttxttaxn*

Fbancis Babchabd, Esq., Horsted Fiace, Uckfield.

Creajsjuret.

Gbo. Molinbux, Esq., Old Bank, Lewes,

(Slittor of (HtMttMmsi.

Hbnby Gbiffith, Esq., F.S.A., 47, Old SteynCj Brighton.

3@on, (Surator anli ILiiirartan,

RoBT. Cbosskby, Esq., J.P., Castlegate, Lewes.

T.TST OF OFFICERS.

T ««, , » *"**'^ »nAm of emmittn

T. St. Ltokb Blaavw, Esg. ,„„ "•«"♦««»♦

K«v. Cabby H. Bobbbb. MjL ■ a V* ^'^^'^ Ltcas, Esq P s a

J. O. Bbadb-n. Esq. •*■*• I ^; ^^^»»nT, E8Q.. F.s!?;' •®-^-

K«v Pbbby. C. Hbaihcotb Cawiom ' CI ;S.^£?^* P^«H.
M-A. *«-wa, u Lbmon Pbince, Esq. F b a o

BOBBBT CB08MBT. tojTjJp'^ I^ ^- ^^ E8<J.

Mb. J«i» Dn>BjrBT. Linden Honae, Lewes.

LOCAL HON. SECRETAEIES.

tor. €• X CUl»»N«. M^ Amberky,

^miK F. HouftW. CBQ Wwikng,

iioiKY BJtiFWTH. KS^J- riLI 47, 0« SUyn^ Br^Aton.

•

. IMuuti^ ICiN^ M-Av. W*^ Ontfold.

^jj*A* ^ itVAiM^ »N^ M.IK Cuckfidd.

%uOunixtut.

ITotiboii.
|)rt(oortft.

Ill^ JJ^ »*»»V» Kiig Market liace, Pettcorih.

«%«»*«*•* Kmt Borne JRye.

RULES.

1. The Society shall be called the " Sussex Archaeological Society,"
and shall avoid all topics of religious or political controversy, and shall
remain independent of, though willing to co-operate with, similar societies
by friendly communication.

2. Every candidate for admission shall be proposed by one Member,
and seconded by another, and elected by the Committee by ballot at any
of their meetings. One black ball in five to exclude.

8. The Committee shall have power to elect as an Honorary Member
any person (including foreigners) likely to promote the interests of the
Society. Such Honorary Member shall not pay any entrance fee or sub-
scription, shall not exercise the privilege of an ordinary Member as to
voting at the meetings or the proposal of candidates, and shall be subject
to re-election annually.

4. The annual subscription shall be ten shillings payable on admis-
sion, and afterwards on the Ist day of January in each year. Eight pounds
may be paid in lieu of the annual subscription, as a composition for life.

5. All Members shall on their election pay an entrance fee of ten
shillings.

6. Every new member shall have his election notified to him by the
Clerk, and shall be required to remit the amount due from him to the
Treasurer, George Molineux, Esq., Old Bank, Lewes, within one month
of his election.

7. No Member shall participate in any of the benefits of the Society
until he shall have paid his subscription, and, if a new Member, his
entrance fee.

8. If the sum due from a new Annual Member under the preceding
Bules be not paid within one month from the date of his admission, if he
be in the United Kingdom— or if abroad, within two months — the Com-
mittee shall have power to erase his name from the list of Members ; but
they shall have power to reinstate him on his justifying the delay to their
satisfaction.

9. The name of every Member failing to pay his subscription due on
the 1st January in each year shall be placed in the Barbican on the 1st
March ; and if the subscription be not paid on or before the 1st August,
if the defaulter shall be resident in Great Britain or Ireland, or within
one month after his return, if he shall have been abroad, he shall cease to
be a Member of the Society, and his name shall he erased from the books,
unless he can justify the delay to the satisfaction of the Committee.
Any Member intending to withdraw his name from the Society shall give
notice in writing to the Clerk on or before the 1st January of his intention
to do so, otherwise he shall be liable for the current year's subscription.

10. As the payment of his subscription will entitle a Member to enjoy
every benefit of the Society, so it will distinctly imply his submission to
the Rules for the time being in force for the government of the Society.

Xll RULES.

1 1 . Two General Meetings of the Society shall be held in each year.
The first general meeting shall be held on the Thursday preceding Lady
Day at the Barbican, Lewes Castle, at 12.30, when the Committee shall
present their annual report and accounts for the past year, and not less than
12 members shall be elected to act on the Committee for the succeeding
year, any proposed alteration of the Rules shall be considered, and other
business shall be transacted. The second general meeting shall be held
on the second Thursday in August, at some place rendered interesting
by its antiquities or historical associations.

12. A Special General Meeting may be summoned by the Honorary
Secretaries at such place as the Committee may determine on the re-
quisition in writing of Five Members, or of the President, or two Vice-
Presidents specifying the subject to be brought forward for considera-
tion at such meeting, and that subject only shall be then considered and
resolutions passed thereon.

13. At all Meetings of the Society or of the Committee the resolu-
tions of the majority present and voting, shall be binding.

14. No alteration shall be made in the Rules except at the General
Meeting in March. No proposed alteration shall be considered unless
four months' previous notice thereof in writing shall have been given to
the Committee. No subject shall be discussed more than once in each
year, except with consent of the Committee.

16. Meetings for the purpose of reading papers and the exhibition of
antiquities may be held at such times and places as the Committee may
determine.

16. All the affairs of the Society shall be managed by a Committee.

a. The Committee shall consist of the President, Vice-Presidents,
the Honorary Secretaries, the Treasurer, the Honorary Curator and
Librarian, the Local Honorary Secretaries, and not less than 12 Members
(who shall be elected at the General Meeting in March).

b. The Committee shall meet at Lewes Castle on the Thursdays
preceding the usual Quarter Days, at 12 o'clock, and at such other times
as the Hon. Secretaries may determine. Three Members of the Com-
mittee shall form a quorum.

c. The Committee shall at their first meeting after the Annual Meet
ing in March appoint a sub- committee to manage the financial depart
ment of the Society's affairs. Such sub-committee shall at each quarterly
meeting of the General Committee submit a report of the liabilities o
the Society, when cheques signed by three of the Members present shr
be drawn on the Treasurer for the same. The accounts of the Soci'
shall be submitted annually to the examination of two auditors who s'
be elected by the Committee from the general body of the Membc
the Society.

d. The Committee shall at their first meeting after the An
Meeting in March appoint an Editor of the Society's Volume,
the Editor so appointed shall report the progress of the Volume
Quarterly Meetings of the Committee.

e. The Committee may appoint any Member Local Secretary i
town or district where he may reside, in order to facilitate the col
of accurate information as to objects of local interest ; such Local
taries shall be ex- officio Members of the Committee.

TuK period to be reviewed io tlie present retrospect embraces a longer
time than it has nsaall/ been the datj of the Commiltce to report upon.
Three whole years hare paseed nince the lost Tolanie of the " 8nesex
Archaeological CoHeetionB " was isaned. The interTal has, hoverer, not
been a time of editorial idleneBS. During the proseeution of the some-
what ambitions work resolTed npon three jeara ago, the regular succee-
ston of the Society's annnal pablications had of necessitj to be broken.
That work was the compilation of a Uomesdaj Book for Sussex, eom-
prising, in addition to the original text — of which a facsimile, obtained
by photozincographic process, was procured from H.M. Ordnance Survey
— a translation, a map of the Sussex of 1085, and such explanatory and
elucidatory notes and indices ub seemed requisite to make the interesting
contents easily intelligible to the modern reader. Thanks to the pains-
taking labonr beslowcd in no stinted measure by the Editor, the Her.
Chancellor Parish, and tliose who have worked with liim, that work is
now completed, and the Committee are able to place in the hands of
members a bnlky volume which will, without doubt, be accepted, as It
deserves to be, an s full equivalent, at least, for the ttro annual volumes
in BObslitulion of which it is issued. TLe " Domesday £ook of Sassex,"
representing the frnit of much labour and research, is sure to take
hoiionruble rank among Archaeological publications as a book of high
merit, and will, the Committee arc confident, reflect additional credit upon
the literary Inbonrs of the Society. That work done, the Society return
to their old course of annual publications.

As on previous Dccasions, the Ciimniittee are glad to be able onco
more to report the Snasex Archaeological Society in a prosperous con-
dition. Since they did bo last, the county of Sussex has attracted more
than its ordinary share of notice among archoeoiogista. Two great
Archaeological Societies from beyond thecounty borders have made it their
galhering-place at annual meetings. With the meeting of the Royal
ArchtMOKigical Listitnte Jn 1883 the Sussex Society, courteously invited to
join, has more particularly identified itself. Many of its members availed
ihetnaelves of the facilities offered to take part in the cxcarsions and attend
thfl evening discussions, and to both Societies, Joining for the time in
Ibit ioBtruclive work, the week spent in common study, ander the guid-
ance of some of the most disti aguish ed archaeologists of the kingdom,
may be exjiectcd long to prove a sonrce of pleasant recollect iona.

The Simsex Archaeological Society hi?ld its Annual Meeting in 1S83
in a lent erected on the Bowling Careen, within the precincts of the
Cnslle nl Lewes, on the Slst of July. Its President, the EnrI of
Cbtchceter, was in the chair. The same nobleman, elected by the
B«jb1 ArchneologicBl Institnte President of its meeting of the year, on
■* a «4inc Any opened the Annual Meeting of the Institute in the Connly

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REPOET.

initig lionouTB. Mr. Mickletli waits explained the architectaral
■ftatnres of the Abbey. Oilier points of interest in Sussex visited were
Meant Cobum, on ffhicb Mnjor-Oencral Pitt RiTera reported tlie resnlls
of bia iaveatigaiion of tlie wbilom Celtic camp situated upon its heights ;
HarttmoDceux Castle, opened by tbe liospitalitj of Mr. H. M. Corteis ;
Unrstiuonceax Church, in which Mr. R. S. Ferguson oSTered some
obeervatioDs on the history of the Dacrcs of the South ; New and Old
Shoreham Cliurchea ; the old Saxon. Church of Somptiug', a com-
panion building to the ancient churches on the Rhine ; Broadwater
Obnrcb ; Arundel Castle; Arundel Church, on the history and archi-
tecture nf which Mr. Freeman, one of the experts consulted in Uie bearing
of the cnao of the Filz Alan Cbapeli had uinch to say ; the Cathedral and
Palace of Chichester; and lastly, on the last day of the meeting, by
iDvitAtion of the Earl of ChicliL'Ster, Stsiimer House, with its srt
treasDres and historical portraits.

An object of considerable attraction was found to be the Archaeo-
logical Mu.«cuin in the County Hall. Tlie articles of historical and
Dtitnographic interest hnre grouped together Were many. Among other
things was shown Cnimwell's jiockct Bible, lent by Lord Chichester.

Most of the evenings dnring the visit of the Institute were given up
to the reading of papers in the three different sections of tlie meeting,
the bistoricui, the architectural, nnd the nnliquarian, presided over
aeveraliy by Mr. E. A. Freeman, Mr. J, T. Micklctbwaite, and General
Pitt Rivers. Most of the papers read have been reprinted in the
"Archaeological Jonrnnl" already referred to, a copy of which is preserved
in ths Library of the .Society. The fir«t mcniion among these papers is
due to Mr. Freernan's opening address, entitled, " The Early History of
Sussex," giviug nn historical pictnre drawn by a master hand. Mr,
Micklethwaite's address deals more specifically with arcbilecluro and the
sore point of " restoration ;" and that of General Pitt Rivers with Celtic
and Roman camps in Sussex and Kent, among which |)rominence is
given to Mount Caburn and Cissbury. The other papers read were
these : " The Architectural History of tlic Clnniac Priory of St.
Paneras at Lewes, with Gpccial referi^nuus to recent excavations," b; the
conductor of those excuvatious, Mr. W. H. St. John Hope ; " A Romau
Fire Brigade in Britain," by the Rev. J. Hirst ; " Uhservations on the
Domesday Survey of Sussex," by the Rev. W. Powell ; '■ Swanmarks,"
by Mr. E. Peacock ; " Names of Teutonic Settlements in Sussex, as
iUiUtrated by Land Tenure and Place Names," by Mr. F. E. Sawyer;
"Bomaii Pottery Found at Worthing," by Mr. A. J. Fenton; "A
Group of Sussex Bells," by the Rev. Dr. Raven ; " The Meaning of the
Shears combined with Clerical Symbols on incised Gravestones," by the
Rt'V. T. Lees ; " Unmiroda," by Mr. E. Chester Waters (read by Mr.
E. Walford); "The Antoiia of Tacitus," by the Rev. U. S. Baker;
M)d " Wall PaiHtings at Fiindsbury Church," by Mr, W. H. St.
■lohn Hope. On Thuuday evening, August 2ud, the members of tbe
SuBMX Archaeological Society were, toKelher with the members of the
luttitule, the guests of the Mayor and Mayoress of Lewes (Dr. and
1 Vf. Crusikcy) at a btilliuul reception given iu the County Hall,

XVI REPORT.

In the course of the evening Mr. R. S. Ferguson, the Mayor of Carlisle,
read a very able paper on " The Dignity of a Mayor."

At the last sitting of the Institute meeting the Chairman (Mr. 8. J.
Tucker), when moving a vote of thanks to the members of the Sussex
Archaeological Society for their friendly co-operation with the Institute,
took occasion to refer to the advantage which it is to the Institute to be
associated with vigorous local bodies like the Sussex Society. <' No
local Archaeological Society/' he said, ** takes a higher position than
that of Sussex. This is sufficiently shown by the yearly volumes which
the Society issues, and the papers which have been read during the
meeting by Sussex men show how carefully and accurately they go to
work."

The Annual Meeting of the Sussex Archaeological Society in 1884
was held in the grounds of Brickwall, under the presidency of Mr. £.
Frewen, who had generously placed both house and grounds at the dig-
posal of the Society for the purpose. The company, numbering about
150, proceeded by train to Robertsbridge, and from thence by carriage
to Salehurst, where the Rev. J. W. Loosemore showed them the church,
upon which he read a paper. Some of the party afterwards inspected
Robertsbridge Abbey. The next point visited was the ruined Castle at
Bodiam, kindly thrown open to the Society by the owner, the Right
Hon. G. Cubitt, M.P. Here Mr. Ridge read a paper on the Castle.
Luncheon was taken in a tent iu Brickwall grounds, and, conducted by
their host, the party then inspected the interesting old house with its
store of relics, and also the Church of Northiam and the large oak on the
Common under which Queen Elizabeth lunched and left her shoe. In
the church Mr. James W. Lord, one of the churchwardens, read a paper
on that building.

In 1885 the British Archaeological Association made Sussex the
scene of their Annual Congress, fixing their headquarters at Brighton.
By their invitation some members of the Sussex Archaeological
Society joined in the excursions, which were mainly directed into
West Sussex. On August 25th the Association, by invitation of
the Sussex Archaeological Society, visited Lewes. They first in-
spected Southover Church, iu which Mr. E. P. Loftus Brock delivered
an address, pointing out the well-known points of resemblance
in the architecture respectively of the Church and the Priory, arguing
a common origin and equal age. The speaker expressed himself
particularly well satisfied with the care with which the remains of
Gundreda are preserved in the memorial chapel. Mr. Round offered
some observations on the parentage of Gundreda. The party then pro-
ceeded to the Priory Ruins, upon which Mr. Brock again delivered an
address, explaining that with the exception of the Cathedral the Prioiy
is certainly the largest, as it is the most interesting, of old ecclesiastical
buildings in Sussex. The visitors next ascended the Castle, within the
walls of which the Rev. P. de Putron, on behalf of the Sussex Society,
spoke some formal words of welcome, reading afterwards some published
remarks of Mr. G. S. Clark upon the Castle. Sir John Picton, the
acting President of the Congress, replied to Mr. de Putron's welcome^

• expteaaioQ to tbe friendly feeliii^f ealerlained bj tlie British

jVjvhaeoIojtical AsBocintion towards tiie Sussex Society. Mr. G. Wright
ndiled, as Congress Secretary, that the Associftlioii well remembered ihe
liindneas sliown by the town of Lewes to its members at the great meet-
ing iu 18S6, when the Earl of ChicheEter presided. After some further
exchunge of courtesies, the members of the AsHOciation returned to
Brighton. The excursions o( tbe week included visits to the archaeo-
logical sights of Brifchtou, to Chichester and Goodwood Honse, to
Broadwater, Findon, West Tarring, New sod Old Shoreham, Edburton,
llramber Castle, Pyecombe, Arundel, Bognor, Amberley, Preston,
Patcliam, Wolstoabury Cmnp, HoUingbnry Camp, and some other
points of interest. Al most of tliese places explanatory addresses wera
deliTered. Some very interesting papers were also read at the evening
meetings. The following deserve mention : A paper on " Old Brighton,"
by Mr. P. E. Sowjer ; " The Font of Si. Nicholas' Church, Brighton,"
by tbe Vcn. Archdeacon Hannah ; " On the Peculiarities of Sussex
Chufchca," bj Mr. Brock; "Coins of the Ancient British Period," by
Dr. Bircb ; " Wolstonbnry, Ditchling, and Uollingbury Camps," by Mr.
T. Morgan. A lecture which excited particular interest was that on
*' Sussex Songs and Music," delivered by Mr, F. E. Sawyer, at a soiree
given by llio Mayor of Brighton (Mr. E. J. Reeves) to the Archaeological
Association, to which members of the Sussex Society were also invited.
Specimens of old Sussex songs were produced in variety by a choir
Doder the direction of the lecturer, who succeeded by this demonstration
ad aurea in conclusively disproving a charge sometimes advanced that
Sussex is not a musical county. The Congress is considered to have
passed off very satisfactorily, and there can be no doubt that, like the
earlier meeliug of the Institute, it has helped to stimulate iuterest in
nrcliaeolugiiral research in our county.

In conscqnence of the snmnier visit of the Association just referred to,
the Sussex Society did not hold its Annual Meeeting for 1885 until the
1 jth of October, when its members assembled at Eustgrinstead. Iu the
quadrangle of Saciiville College Lord Colchester bade them welcome in
the district. Mr. Covey then conducted them over the College. The
Rev. D. y, Blakiston, assisted by Mr. Stenning, kindly acted as guide
over tbe Church. The party also visited some interesting old houses In
the town, including the old Judges' residence. At the dinner Mr. H. R.
Freebfichl, High Sheriff of Sussex, presided. A few members afterwards
visited B ramble ij e ; others inspected the modern but iiitereatiug build-
ings of St. Margaret's.

During the past year tha Library of the Society has been enriched by
ft welcome gift of volumes of official publications gencniusly made by the
Record Office. This collection includes some very valuable books. At
the same time, tbe Committee were enabled to rent on behalf of the
Socivty a house adjoining the Castle, which has already been found a very
useful acquisition. Into this huuse the Committee have moved the books
belonging to the Society, arranging the buihling as a Library, with a
comfortable reading-room attached. This reading-room, which is within
1 buars Of en to members without charge, is kept regularly supplied

XVlll BEPORT.

with archaeological periodicals, in addition to the books in the Library,
and will no doubt be found a great convenience by members who frequent
it. The removal of the books from the Barbican, setting free a consider-
able amount of space, has been taken advantage of for a rearrangement
of the Museum in the Castle, which will likewise be found a material
improvement. Objects which had previously to be kept out of sight,
such as curious old Sussex firebacks and valuable tapestries, have now
been openly displayed, and are found to add considerably to the attrac-
tions of the collection.

Since the last report was issued, Death has deprived the Society of two
of its oldest and most valued members, whose loss leaves a painful void.
The Rev. William Powell, one of the most active of the Editorial Com-
mittee, and long an Honorary Secretary of the Sussex Archaeological
Society, breathed his last on January 28th, 1885. He had for some years
been in indifferent health, and his death, which came as a release from
acute suffering, was by no means unexpected . The late Mr. Powell became
a member of the Sussex Archaeological Society in 1848, and was elected
an Honorary Secretary in 1860, and a member of the Editorial Committee
in 1880, when that Committee was first constituted. The Societv is
indebted to him for many valuable services, both in the preparation of its
annual volumes and in the general management of its affairs. He was a
zealous archaeologist and a man of great and varied learning, who had, by
his genial manners, his invariable kindness and readiness for work, won
the affections as well as the respect of those with whom he had come
into contact. Brought up originally to the law, Mr. Powell, in 1852,
took holy orders, and from 1868 held the living of Newick, in succession
to his father. He died at the age of 68.

Another member whose loss the Society has to mourn is Mr. John
Latter Parsons, of Lewes, one of its founders, who had assisted at the birth
of the Society in 1846. He, likewise, was a zealous archaeologist, and
has, in his long term of membership, laid the Society under many obliga-
tions. His rich store of antiquarian knowledge, his kind manners and
willing helpfulness early earned him, and long retained, the good opinio
of his neighbours and fellow-members. He joined the Committee of t'
Society in 1870, and has contributed several valued papers to the " Sus
Archaeological Collections," more particularly on the subject of the anc
Sussex Ironworks. Another favourite archaeological subject of his
the discovery of the remains of Qundreda and William de Warenn^
Southover. As a veritable labour of love he designed and erectc
much-admired memorial chapel in which those remains have found a
ing-place. Partly in recognition of his merits in connection wi'
memorable find, he was selected for the distinction of honorary v
ship by the British Archaeological Association.

iroB the foregoing reports were written we
■pe Bustained a heavy loss by the death, in
82ad year of his age, of our President,
) Right Honoubabib Henet Thomas Pelham,
I Eabl op Chichesteb, Loed Lieutenant op
(SBEX, and Gustos Rotuloram. This event
: place at Stanmer, on March 16th, 1836,
and the sad intelligence was everywhere re-
ceived with expressions of the deepest regret.
1 extended reference to his Lordship's long
eonnectioa with the Sussex Archaeological
Society and to the important services rendered

f'i'"-'ng his presidency must necessarily be re-
d for the next volume of our " Collections."

I oe ivc

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HONORARY MEMBERS.

1872. Arnold, Ber. F. H., ll.b., Hennitage, EmswortlL

1857. Bruce, Rev. J. Collingwood, ixj>., F.8.A., Newctstle-on-Tyiie.

1860. Campkin, H., E«q., f.8JL., 112, Torriano ATenue, Eentiah Town, London.

1857. Corde, M. YAhh6 de, Bures, Neufchatel.

1856. Diamond, Hugh Welch, mj)., F.8.A., Hon. Photographer, Twickenham
House, Twickenham, Middlesex.

1852. Dudeney, Mr. John, Linden House, Lewes.

1885. Hoffman, Dr. W. J., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States.

1883. Hope, William Henry St. John, Esq., M.A., F.8.A., The Vines, Bochester.

1858. Nottingham, The Bight Bev. the Bishop SufEragan of, dj)., f.8JL.,

Leasingham Bectory, Sleaford, Lincolnshire.

1853. Smith, Chas. Boach, Esq., F.8.A., Temple Place, Strood by Bochester.
1850. Spurrell, Bev. F., M.A., Faulkboum Bectory, Witham, Essex.

1864. Semichon, Mons. Ernest, Avocat.

LIST OP MEMBERS.

S JJfE COMPOUKDBBS A

less.

IMS.
l(tH3.

iseit.

1B6».
1974,
1877.
1S71.
IAG4.
10G8.
1876.
1686.

iea2.

1«67.
18f>8.
1M7.
1865.
18S2.
1870.
1867.
184H.
187!».
1870.
1872.
1667.

1877.
1881.
1883,

*.\badte. Col. I\. R., G, Grange Gardt^ns, Eaetbounie.

AlwrKavenny, The Uargu^ss of, k.o,, Eridge Castle, Tuobridge Wells,

Ade, Mr. J. S.. Milton Court, Ariington.

Allchin, John, Ksq,, Holly Bank, Timbridge Well«,

'Alexander, W. C, Esq., Aubrev Uause, Camden Hill, Kensinglon.

*AndrS, J. L., Esq., Hurst Roaa, Horsliam.

•Arbuilraot, W. R„ £«[., I'law Hatch, West Hoatlily.

Arnold, E,, Esq., White Hall. Chichester.

Athensum Club, Psll Uill, London, s.v.

Att«nborougb, Bev. W. F., Fletching Vicarace, Uckfleld,

•Attre*. P. W. J„ Caft«in, b.b„ Springfield House, WonJiing,

Attrev, U., Keq., 6, Richmond Terrace, Brighton,

Auckland, Ure., School Hill, Lewes.

Banister, F. D., Esq., London firidce BaiinHj- Station.

Barcliard, Elphinatone, Esq., u.a., lluddleswell, Uckfleld.

Barchard, Francis, Esq., Horsted Place, I'ckfield.

Borcla}', Donald, Esq,, MayReld,

'Barron, E. J,, Esq., p.a.A., Lincoln's Inn Fields, London.

Bartlett, Bev. W. A., Vicarage. Wisborougli Green, Billinghurst,

Baritelot, Colonel Sir W. BartUIot, BaH., C3., M.P., StopLam, Pelwortli,

'Barttelol, Brian B„ Eaq., Ditton, Torquay.

Bani-ell, Rev. A. H. S., Clapham fioctorj-. Worthing.

'Ilnthurst, Hv., Esq.. Springbill, From^, Somerset.

Batlye, Bev. W. Wilbeiforc?, Hever, Edenbridge, Kent.

"Bajtier, Wjnne E., Esq., F,o,a,, F.B.O.S., Lewes.

Beard, B.. Esq., Bottingdean.

Beard, Mi«s Matilda, Rottingdean.

Belcher. Rev. T. Hayes, School House, Brighton College.

Bennett, B«v. Prebendary, Chichester.

Bennett, John Fletcher, Esq., Korth Breach, Ewliurat, Guildford.

Bigg, E. P., Esq., Slaugham, HorGbam.

Bin. Mrs. H., Tudor House, Burgens HUl.

Birebell, Capt. Boitl Herne Harper, f.r.o.8., UjjperloD

Bishop, M. H., Esq., 3, Gr08\-enor Road, WeslmiDster,

Blaauw, T. St. Leger, Esq., Beecblands, Newiuk.

Btalier, C. 0., Esq.. Haywarda Heath.

Blaker. Edgar S., Esq., Springfield Lodge, Worthing.

Blaker. Rev. Cecil Benshaw, «.a.

Blaker. Arthur Bedeet, Esq,, Beechwood, Lewes.

n Villa, Eastbourne.

XXIT SUSSEX ABCB&EOLOGIOAL BOOIETT.

1871. Blew, BcT. W. J., M.A„ 16, Warwick St., Pali Mail, London.

1862. Bloxain, Bev. J. Rouse, d,D„ Beediug Priory, llurHtpieipoint.
1873. Blunt. W. S., Kaq., Crabbet. tlii^e Bridges, Worlli.

1878. Bonuick, II., Eact., Lewea.

1846. Borrer. Rev. Danon Carey H., m.a., Huratpierpoiat.

18«. Borrer, W., Esq.. M.A., F.L.8., Cowfold, Horsham.

1863, '80™!!, LindHeld, Esq., Henfield.

1882. Bourdillon, F. W., Ehj„ The Severala, EaatbourDe.

1848. Bowles, Ret. F. A., m.a.. Singleton, Chichester.

1863. •Boxall, W. P.. Esq., Belle Vue HsU, Brighton.

1882. Brabrook, E. W„ Esq,, p.8.4., 177, Higli Street. Lewiahnn.

1869. Braden, J. G., Esq., Lewes.

1862. *Bridger, E. K., Esq.. Berkeley House, Hampton, Middlesex.
1857. Bridges, Kev. A. H„ Beddii^ton House, Croydon.

1882. Brix, Mocs. Camille de. 63, Rue Henri Kolb, Lille.

1870. Brockmau, Mrs,, Oore Court, Maidstone.

1870. Brookp, F. C, Esq., L'ffonl, Woodbridge, Suffolk.

1863. Brown, J. Ellman. Esq., Buckmgli am Lodge, Stioraham.

1873. Browne, H. Doughty, Esq., West Lodge, Ai'enue Boad, Begeut'a Park,
London.

1879. Browell, Ref. J., Cowfold Vicaragp, Horsham.

1864. Buck. Kev. W H. M., Seaford.

1863. Buck^ll, Leonard, Esq., m.d., Uhichester.

1881. Burder, Mrs. Ellen, Park Dale, Battle.

1863. Burnett, Rev. Prebendary W., m.a., Bo.xgrove, Oiicbester.

1881. Burr, n. F., Esq., U.S.A., Halesowen, Bafdslow Road, Hastings.

1873. Burt, James, Esq.. Montague Street, Worthing,
1863. Burton, Alfred, Esq., St. Leonards-on-Sea.
1870. Butler, Rev. J, B. M., Maresfield Rectory.
1867. ByaM, Thos. 8., Esq.. mj>., Marslialls. Cuck»eld.

1874. Calvert, Rev. T., f.s.a., 16, Albany Villas, Hove.
1879, Calvert, Eev. C. P., 3, St. Edward'*e Road, Soutbaea.

1846. Campion, Rev. Prebendary C. Heatbcote, Rectory, Westmeaton, Hurstpier-

1870. Campion, W. H., Esq., Danny Park, Hurstpierpaint.

1863. Card, Mr. H., Lewes.

1866. Cardale. Rev. E. T., Uckfleld.

1886, Can^l'loyd, James Martin. Esq., Lancing Manor, Lancing.

1866. Carler.BoniiamW., Esq., LittleGreen.CloBport:andRefonn Club, Pall Mall.

1863. Cass, Rev. C. W., Telhara Lawn. Battle.

1879. Catt, C. W., Esq., 52, Middle Street, Brighton.

1882. Catt, Miss Caroline, Meeching Place. Newhaven.
18S4. Catt, Mrs. G., Sunte HouRe, Lindtleld.

1860. Chambers, 0. P., Esq,, North Field Grange, Eastbourne,

1882. Chetwynd, Charles R, B., Esq., Ootbic Lodge, Worthing.

1862. •Chetw\-nd, Hon. Mrs. Charles, Gothic Lodge, Worthing.

1846. ChichesW, The Earl of, Stanmer Park, Stanmer.

1870. Chichester, the Lord Bishop of, Cliichestfir.

1862. Chichester Library Society, Chichester.

1856. Chichester Literary Society and Mechanics' Inslilute, CbicbeMer.

1857. Christie, W. L., Esq., Gl.vndebourne, Lowes.

1881. Churton, Kev. Theodore T„ IckleKlmm Vicarage, Rye.

1878. Clark, J. C, Esq., Middle Strwl. Brigliton.

1866. ■Clarke, Somers, Jun., Esq., r.a.A., \5, Dean's Tard, Westminster, B.v.

1846. Clarkson, Rev. O. A., m.a.. Amberley.

1879. Clayton, Clias. E., Esq., 20, High l>oft Villas, Brighton.
1840. Glutton, Henry, Esq., Hartswood, Beigal.'.

1873. Cockayne, Q. E., Esq., h.a., f.s.a., CoUege of Axm^ Queen Victoria Stnet«
London.

LIST OF MEMBEBS.

eater. Lord, p.a^., 49. Katon Place, s.iv. ; and (jarllon Club.

IS«i. *Coleauui, Carlos, £aq., Breile.

1866. 'Coleman, Horace, £aq., Breile.

1871. Cole, Kev. T. H., M.A., Lowes.
I8A6. 'Coles, J. 11. C, Esq., Eastbciunie.

I88L Colea, T. Horaman, Kaq., 7B, Weatbourne TerrncB, Hyde Park, London, W.

1806. Combe, Boyoe Uarvpy, Esq., F.8.A., Odclanda, BattW.

1867. 'CoaenB, F. W., Esq., y.s.A., Tbe SheUej-a, Lewes, and 7, Melbury Bond,

Kensington.

1B89. Cotdiing, Alexander, Esq., Uorsbam.

1673. Couling, U., Esq., 1, Grand Avenue Mansion, Weat Brigbt«n.

1846. Courtliope, Q. C„ Esq., Whiligh, Uawkburst.

1877. Cowan, T. W., Esq., F.o.S., f.b.m.s., Cumplon's Lea, Horsbain,

1884. Coirard, William, Esq., UurslTrooit, Ore, near Uastings.

1875. Crake, Bev, £., Clifton Houaci, Eaatboume.

1881. Crake, Vaudeluur B., Esq., UiKlilaDtls, 81. Leunards-on-Sea.

1868. Ciitit*. Mr. B., Wellington, Pulborough.

1872. Cripps, Mr. E., St«yning.

ISM. Cripp«, Rev. Jobo Marten, KoTingtan, Iliirslpierpoint.

1877. Cross. Rev. E. U., Lewes.

18S7. Crosskey, llobt., E«q., i.e., Cafif!egat#, Lewei,

ISae. Croaskey. Walter F„ Esq,, Lewes.

1862. 'Curliiw. Geo., Esq,, Croydon.

1860. Ciirrey. K. C, Esq., Mailing Deanery, Lewes.
1840. Curtcis, H, Mascall, Esq., WindmiU Hill Place, Hailsbam.

1861. Dointrey, C. J., Esq., Market Place, Pelwortb.
1874. Ualbiac, H, B. A., Esq., Dunington, near Wortliing.
1881. Uaitiel, Bev. J. C, Lewos.

1863. 'Uaniel'Tyssen, A., Esq., MM, 40, Cbaucery Lane. London.

1870. Davey, Rev. H. M., M,i„ f.o.b., Oving Vicaraga, Cbicliester.

1879. Daray, U., Esq., 82. Grand Parade, Brighton.

1871. 'Danes, Hiss, 2, South Eaton Place, London, s.w.
1877. Davis, U. C, Esq., SS, Si. James' Street, Brigbton.

1880. Davis, R. R., Esq., East Blatchington.

1881. Davison, Rashell, Esq., Battle.

1877. Day, Ura., Uckfleld Housl', Uckfield,

1866. 'Day, W, A., Esq., IS, New Bridge Street, Black/rinrs, London.

1878. Heareley, Rev. St. John, Wilmington.

I(t77. !h>b«ry, Rev. T., Athenieum L'liib, and 0, (lid Cavenilisb Strt*l, Loudon.

18M. 1)e la Warr, Tbe Earl of. Buckhuret Park, Witbybaui.

laetl. Delre-s. W., Esq.. Ilargate Lodge, Tunbridge Wells.

18S7. DuU-ea, W. Henry, Esq., 23, Mount Sion, Tunbridge Wells,

1857. Deninao, Hon. Richard, Westercale. (Jhiohefller.

1882. Denman, Mr. S., Queen's Boa<l, Brighton.

1879. Dennet, Cbas. P., Esq.. 1, St. George's Place, Brigbton.

1883. Dennett, Miss Lilian, Lodswortb, MiiUiurst.

1858, Dp Piitron, Itov. Ilerre, «,A-, EodmoU.
1846. Devonshire, Tlie Duki< of. X.o., Easlboiimc.

1880. Dickinson, Mrs,, Norton Hoiisn, Ilurslplerpoint,
I86a. nUoa. Miss. Colwdl, Hnywards Heath.
1877. Drakefonl. Rev. li. J., Elm (trnve, LowiT Sydenham.

1867. Drewill, Robl., Dawtry. liHi|., PrpiiCTing, Buriiham, Arundel.

1877, Dncketl, Sir fleo. P., Uarl., I'.e.*., fTewington House, Waltingford; and

Oxford and Cambridiji? Club, Lomlon.

1870. Duke, rn-deriuk, Esq.. 7. <.'auibri[lge Ten-ace. Ha-^tings.

1873. Runkin, E. U. W., Esq., 14, Kidbrook Park Koad, Bfackheatlj, s.k.

B«Tp. Fredk., Esq., 37, Upjwr Rock Gardens, Brigbton.
■BaatoD, B.. Esq,, 7, Delaliay Street. Westminstet, 8,w.

ZXYl SUSSEX ABCHAEOLOOICAL SOOIETT.

1861. *Eden, Bey. Arthur, m.a., Vicarage, Ticehurst.

1881. Eggar, T. Esq., 33, Brunswick Road, Hove, Brighton.

1876. Egmont, The Earl of, Cowdray Park, Midhurst.

1867. Elliott, Bobt., Esq., The Cedars, Ashford.

1860. Ellis, W. Smith, Esq., Hyde Croft, Crawley.

1860. EUman, Bey. E. B., if .a., The Rectory, Berwick.

1861. Elphinstone, Howard W., Esq., The Grange, Augusta Bead, Purk, Wim-

bledon.

1870. •Elwes, D. G. C, Esq., P.8.A., 6, The Crescent, Bedford.

1871. Elwes, H. T., Esq., Fir Bank, West Hoathly.
1860. Emary, Mr. H. M., Pevensey Road, Eastbourne.
1881. Esdaile, J. K., Esq., East Grinstead.

1873. *Eyans, J., Esq., ll.d., d.cx., f.b.8., P.8.A., Nash Mills, Hemel Hemp-
stead.

1860. *Eyan8, Thos., Esq., Lyminster, Arundel.

1861. *Eyershed, S., Esq., 5, Mount Pleasant, Bamsbury Square, Islington,

London, n.

1862. Fairies, Bey. Septimus, B.A., Lurgashall, Pet worth.

1863. Famcombe, Joseph, Esq., Mayor of Lewes.

1881 . Famcombe, Richard, Esq., 40, Belgrave Street, Balsall Heath, Birmingham.

1882. Fenton, Alex. J., Esq., 41, Wenham Road, Worthing.

1864. Fielder, Geo., Esq., West Horsley Place, Leatherhead.

1860. Fisher, Richard, Esq., F.S.A., 91, Great Russell Street, Bedford Square,

London, w.c.
1881. *Fisher, Samuel Timbrell, Es(]., The Groye, Streatham.

1881. Fitz-Hugh, A. J., Esq., 3, Payilion Parade, Brighton.

1882. Fitz-Hugh, Major-General Henry Terrick, Streat Place, Hurstpierpoint.

1873. Foley, Bey. E. W., The Rectory, Jevington.

1871. *Fonambe, Cecil G. S., Esq., h.p., f.s.a., Cockglode OUerton, Newark,

Notts.
1867. Foster, Rey. Robt., h.a., Burpham, Anmdel.
1862. •Foyster, Rey. H. B., m.a., St. Clement's Rectory, Hastings.
1864. •Foyster, Rey. G. A., M.A., All Saints, Hastings.

1861. •Franks, A. W., Esq., f.b.s., V.P.8.A., 103, victoria Street, Westminster,

and British Museum.
1849. •Freeland, Humphrey W., Esq., m.a.. Chichester.
1864. •Freshfield, Edwin, Esq., v.p.s.a., 6, Bank Buildings, London.

1876. Freshfield, H., Esq., Kidbrooke Park, Forest Row.
1878. Friend, Mr. D. B., 77, Western Road, Brighton.
1871. Fuller, Rey. A., m.a., The Pallant, Chichester.

1882. Fuller, Mr. George, School Hill, Lewes, and 15, Cornfield Road, Eastbourne.
1880. Fuller, Thos., Esq., m.d., Shoreham.

1874. Furley, R., Esq., f.s.a., Ashford.

1878. Gage, Lord Viscount, Firie Park.

1874. Gaflard, G., Esq., 3, Ventnor Villas, Cliftonville.
1867. Gamham, Colonel, Densworth House, Chichester.

1862. Godlee, Mrs., Lewes.

1886. Godman, Charles B., Esq., Woldringfold, Horsham.

1883. Godman, F. du Cane, Esq., f.r.s.. South Lodge, Cowfold, Horsham.
1882. Godman, Major-General R. Temple, Burton Park, Petworth.

1877. •Godman, P. S., Esq., Muntham, Horsham.

1875. Gordon, Rev. A. P., Newtimber, Hurstpierpoint.
1849. Goring, Rev. John m.a., Wiston Park, Hurstpierpoint.
1877. Gorringe, Hugh, Esfi., Kingston-on-Sea.

'"''7. Goschen, Rt. Honble. G. J., m.p., 61, Portland Place, London, w., and
Seacox Heath, FUmwell, Hawkhurst.
Goulbum, The Very Rey. E. M., d.d., f.s.a., Dean of Norwich, Norwich.

LIST OF IIEMBEBS.

iow&, G. W, G. LeTe6on. Kaq., F.e.A., Titney Place, LimpBAeld.
'QraDthaio, Sir William, Bsrcoiabe I'Uce.

Gravely, Richard, Esq., Kewick.

1668. (ingnry, G. B.. Esq., h.f., Soarzell, Kuratgreen, Ha-vrkhurat.

' 1876, Orey, P., Eaq., Pippingfortl, Uckfield.

1886. OriUltli, A. P., Esq.. 15, Buckingham Place, Brighton.

1886. Driffith, Kev. C. U., 1, (JoUege Grounds, Brigblon College.

I 1HT6. Urillitli, Henry, Esq., ir.H.A„MantpeUk'r Lodge, Brigh Ion.

I8tt8. Grover. J. P.. Esq., Lewes.

187it. Gniggen, F. W., Eeg., ChJcheeter.

1878. •GwynoB, J. E. A,, Esq., F.8.A., Kolkington Manor, Polegale.

1871. HaiDM, W., Esq., Iffley Lodge, Oxford Road, I'ulney, s.w.

1680. Haines, Mr. John, 46, I'reaton Street, Brighton.

1862. 'Ualee, Rev. Richard Vox, Woodmancote, lliiralpierpoinC.
I 1S64. •IlaU, J. E.Eardley, Esq., Barrow HiU.Uenfield.

I8NU. Uall, Mr. Charles, Kingston, Lewes.

iSHi. Hall. William Hamilton, Heron Court, Rugeley.

' 1858. Hoisted, C. T., Ksc)., Cliichealer.

I 18di>. Hampilen, Lord Viscount, o.c.n., Olynde Place.

, 1871. 'Itannah, Veu. Archdeacon, D.CJ... The Vicarage, Brightou.

, 1^.>. *Hannsli, Rev, John Julius, h.a.. The Vicarage, Brighton.

18T8. IlanneD, The Right Honble. Sir James, 49, Lancaster Oat«, London, i

' 18tt8. Harland. 11.. Esq., u.c., Tunbriitge Wells.

. IWl. llarland, Mrs. J. S.. Sussex Stiunre, Brighton.

, 1859. Hairis, W, J., Esq., 2G, Marine Parade, Wortbing.

1878, •llariing, J, Vincent, Esq.. p.S-i.. 'M, Lincoln's Inn Field^ London.

1879. Haselwood, J. E,. Esq., S, Lennox Place, Brighton.
18H5. Ilaverfleld, Frank, Esq., LanL'ing College, Shorebam.

' 1860. Uaviland, Rev. 0. E.. «.*... WarTileion Hectory, Hawkhurst,

' IStta. llatrcis. Rev. W. H.. h.a., Slaugham.

' 1848. *HawkiiiB. Rev. R., u.a., Laiu&rhurBt.

I I87S, Hawkins, Rev. H, S.. Beylon R^clory, Bury Rt. Edmunds.

' 1877. *Uawkshaw, Sir John, 33, Great George Street, WeBlminsicr, London,

I ia77. "Ilawlialiaw, H. P., Esq., f.h.a., 33, Great George Street, Weatminster,
' London, s.w.

1832. Hajdon, Rev. W., Bapcliild Vicarage, Siltinghoume.

IB68, ilailitt, W., E»q„ f.s.a.. Bankruptcy Court, London.

186U. Head, Mr. J., Lewes.

1870. Ilenty, C, Percival, Esq,, Hambrook, Emswortli.

' 184tt. Hepburn, Rev. Prebendary F. R., ».a., Chailcy,

I 1881, Ueaiop, Waller, Esq., St. Leonards-on-Sea.

1888. Heurt.W. Rev. Charles A., Rectorj-, Aafjington, Pulborougb.

1856. *HiII. CharhM. Esq., P.s.A., Rockhurst, Westhoathly.

I 1863. Hill, Mr. John, Uuesfleld.

1875. Hill, Miss A.. Asby Lodge. Carlton Rood, Putney Hill, Loudon, e

1886. Hill, Bev. Reginald Hay, Parham Rector}-, Pnlborough.

1876. Hjllman, A., Esq., Iford.
1866. Hillman, Edward. Esq., Lewe».
1866. Hills, Gordon M., Esq., 12, St. John's Street, Adelphi, London.

' 1871. Hine, II. G., Esq,, Hurstleigb, Arkwrigbt Road, Hampstead, Lon

I 1867, Hogg, Kobt., Esq.. ll.D., 90. St. George's Square, Pimlico, Londo

1881. HoUamby, Mr. Edwin, Gioomhridge.

I84fl. Holland, Itov. T. A., u.a., Poynings Rectory,

1887. Holland, Ret, Cljas.. Pel.wonli Reclon'.

1863. Ilolman, Henry, Esq,, East Hoaibly,
188*. Hnlmi>8, Rev. Alleyne James. Burton Firs, Pefwortli.
lSfi6, •Holmes, E. C, Esq., Brookfleld, Anindel.
1865. Holmes, G, P., Esq., Worthing.
ISee. Honywood, Tlios., Esq., Horsham.

• • •

XXVni SUSSEX AfiCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETT.

184v^. •Hoi»e. Ri>:hr lion. A. J. Benesford, llj)., Dxx^ fj.a, ii.p^ Bedgburf

Park. L'ranbivjk, as<I Arklow House, Connaught Plaoe, London.

H74. Iloi^r. W.. Khi-. .<t. KlizaU.th Head, Worthing.

1*^74. Il'.«i»/r. Mr*. II., •».'«, Lin^ltr-n Gardrus, London, w.

1n>». lK»iit*r, KK■i;a^!. E^^.. Hill Farm. Cowfold.

l**7S 11' •-"'"••v. Ti:.'.*., Kmj., Thr Kims, Kingmer.

l*57.s. •U..\r'':i.leu. K.. Kni-, llr-ath Coi^. Park llill. Croydon.

1*^?,». Il.'wlr!:. J..W.. tsH^.. >. ^MI. j?!:vfi. Brighton.

lV>i*, Hu^^a^i. Williaa; K*:rrr :;. Esq.. Ltronanlfile^, HoiBham.

I s"i< ». H ii:: : , Ih rs ar- 1 H ii^ v, E -<i ., Lt w^s and Brighton.

]SHi. H '.::>:. K. i-rr: Urnry. Es^i^ TLr Park. Horsham.

lS4*i. Huxity, Kiwar-l. Exj.. So. rury CasiJ?-. Lamberhurst.

lN^i\ ♦Uusffi y. E. L., Em4.. ^:. Alia:c'?^ Oxford.

• A,- Vvv \ ■ rV: . r. IViir:. Brighton.
•,~ ^ v-i. ,.v >X . ' ^» vr*. =:t«>- E-ra-L L?ndon, and Edgeworth

\ . -i . y>v; . ->\ '.•>.*: G-* ' TV?? Strwt. Westminster, 8.W.

f ■

• ■'; l^; ■.'........ w V ... . • :

' ••' '»■' - ii i: ., ■■■ - -. ■.■■...... ..-i> :

;'■■' '••''■ M. ' .. ■■ -, .*-.■:* ^. a... ?-\ :• Si*.

I '.5' hi'i.; I , \i . U-.. >. .i..^ 'i.!.-.*. .vs.-- l:^s :':*2:5.

I^'l Ki.ll^. II.-, U T. \J V V. M4-.-..t.:.

i ■/•» Iw.l.y Ml- . \\v : M M" : X.

i '/■■» h'liKlaiul, liiiil. \V;4''«.-r. i- H.', > . Ka^*'./-, .77..-.

i i': '♦Kiruaii, J. S.. Kmj., K. fo./i. ' . .r,, L^r.loz. an«l 1, Ri(

j> i.i

. ^. .^ . .. Richmond Gardens,

hiiiukaink, i*. K., Kw|,, J J, U,u- 'U- /wil.r, Parii.
i /i Kii.i\\K«, Itev. JoJjii, M.A., /./..I,., M,.o., f.».a.,'f.g.s., Tunbridge Wells.

I'^'/J Luiin, Henry <-., K/wi., .M)f|f||if/,ri, Hijn!f|fi^rii4-4nt

iHli. Litiidiejiter, n«-iiry ./.. IOm/.. ;j, Al,rl,.,rr:i, Vard, Cannon Street, London, and

Lamach, Doiml'I, K-ui, Mr«riilil«ivi., l-jiMi^riiiHti'ad
JUjach. MiHK, Kiii|.;".i hnnd. r)n|i)iiiiii I'lnk, Siim'y.
Usar, Mrn. M., .MrthifMnm JImiiih', l#iniiluiiii|it(,ii.' '

^athley. n W ILm- Inni. |.;.„, . .'i„„.| Knrk. Midhurst, and 44, Lincoln's
Inn rloIilM, w % ' '

i^n'l'ts^^Vi''""'! *■'•"' '..■''• ''""'" ''I'"*''' *''«••"« <'»"^s London.
I^gffi^, r. K , |.'qi| . I n^rtiii, i'|ii,.||,,.,i„,

•I^^io.C. S., Iv^m .11. CImiiikiim. n|,| Mi,M,|,M»u.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

XXIX

L«we8 Libruy Sodetv, Lewee.

1670. Libru^ Congre«e, wasbiiiKtoii, VM., care of E. G, AJlen, Americui

Agency, 12, Tmistock Hiiw, Covejit Garden, w.c.

1876. 'Unitiglon, G. E., Esq., Plashet, Kust Umn, Kasen.

1870. Lister, John, Eeir, Wsminglid Grange, Usywanle Henlli.

1878. Liverpool Free Public Library, William Brown Street (care of Peter

Corvell, Librarian), Liverpool.

1886. Lloyd, James M. C, Esq., Lancing Manor, Sborebani,

1863. London Corporation Library Commitiee, Guild Hall. London.

1884. Loosemore, Bev. Robert Wood, Salt^hurst Yiearaee, HawkhurBt,

1677. Lower, W. de Warenne, U, King William Street, London.

1866. Lucas, John Clay, Esq., F.s.a., heyree.

1871. "Luck, F. Gt Esq.. The Olives, Wadburst.

1848. Luiford, J. 8. O. Robertson. Esq.. Bigb Bam House, Eavkhunt, Hunt-

1861. Lnxlord, Rev. G. C„ m.a.. High Ilam. Uawkhurst.

1852.
1862,
1878.
18M.

1858,
1848.
1873.
1869.

1656.

iB7n.

1801.
1862.
1681.
1873.
1873.

Hacforlane, Mr. J. B., 40, East Street. Brighton.

■Mackinlay, D., Esq., 0, Western Tt^rraue, Hillliead, Olattgow.

Maiden, Henry Cbarlee, Esq., WinOlesliam Uouse, Brighton.

Mftoby, Lieut.-Col., F.B.S., The Qreys, Easlboume.

Margesson, Lieut.-Col., Findon Place, Worthing.

Uargesson, Miss. Botney Lodge, Haywards neatli.

Mai^csson, Miss U. A,, Bolney Lodge, Haywards ITestli.

Martin, Chai., Esq., Battle.

Marlineau, E. II.. Esq., 30, Weymouth Btreet, Portland Place, London, ^

Meadows, Geo., Esq., Uavelook road, Hastings.

•Melville, Bobt., Esq., llartHeKl Grove, flartfleld.

MerriHeld, F., Esq.. 24, Vernon Terrace. Brighton.

Michcll, H., Esq., Worthing Road, Hor«ham,

HUb, Mr. A., 2U, Sf . James Street, Brighton.

'Milner, Rev. J.. 43, Brunswick Square, Brishlon.

Mitchell, Rev. H., V.A., F.B.A., Bosbam, ChicUesIer.

Mirtord, W. T., Esq.. Htis lUH, Petworth.

•Mivart. St. George, Esq. f.h.s., 71, Seymour Slwi-t, Ilydo Park, w.

Molineux, George, Esq., Old Bank, Lewes.

Molyneux, Honble. F. G., TunWdge Wells.

MoiDi, E., Em., St, Ann's, Lewes.

Monk, T. J., Esq., Levres,

Monk Bretton, Lord, ttaney borough, Lewes.

Moore, Resta W„ Esq., Worthing.

Moimt, Rev. PrebeUdarj- F, J,. m.a„ Yiesrage, CuckBeld.

MurchiBon, Kenneth R., Esq., Brockburst, Easlgriiietead.

1851 ■
1846.
1870.

1881.
1848.

laei.

1866.
1881.
1870.
1808.

Napier, Rev. C, W. A., m.a,. Rectory, Wiston, UuratpieTpoint,

Kapper, H. F., Esq., Laker's Lodge, Loxwood, Billingshurst.

Nesbitt, A., Esq., r.e.A.., Old Lands. Maresfield, Uckfleld.

Ifevill. Lady Dorothy. Stillyands, Horcham Boad.

•KichollB, Rev, H.. m.a., 17. Banbury Rosd, OsJord.

•Kichols, Robert Cradock. Esq., i',s,a., Lodge Lands, Balcombe.

Noakes, Mr. J., Chlddinglv.

•>'oakes, Mr. Fredc, Battle.

Noble, Captain, p.b.A.B., f.u.H.a,, Forest Lodge, Maresfleld, Uckfleld.

Nolloth, Bev. C. F., The Wallaads. Lewes.

Norfolk, the Duke of. x.q,, Arimdel Castle, Arundel.

Norman, Mr. 8,, St. John s Common, Uurstpierpoint.

Norman, Mr, Geo., Coakifhtiilge.

Norton, G., Efkj., Sloue Pluo.-, Ardiugly.

ttX SUSSEX ABGHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

1866. O'Flahertie, Rer. T. R., m.a., The Vicara^, Capel, Surrey.
1868. Onne, Rev. J. B., m.a., Rector^', Angmenng.

1884. Pagden, William, Worthing.

1849. Paine, Cornelius, Esq., 9, iJwes Crescent, Brighton.

1861. •Paine, W. I)., Esq., Cockshott Uill. Reicate.

187:2. Pakenham, The llonble. Admiral, Franklyns, Ilaywanls Heath.

1884. Papillon, Phillip Oxenden, Esq., Crowhufst I'ark, Battle.

1858. Paris, G. de, Esq., 6, Denmark Terrace, Montix»llior Road, Brighton.

1876. Parish, Rev. Chancellor W. !>., Selmeston.

1881. Parkin, Thos., Es(|., m.a., f.r.g.s., Ilalton, Hastings.

1885. Parrington, Rev. J. W., East Dean Vicarage.
1885. Parsons, Latter, Esq., Mill Croft, Eastbourne.
1881. Parsons, John, Esq., Priorj- Crescent, Lewes.
1881. Parsons, Thos., Esti., Lewes.

1870. Patching, Mr. E. C, Wortliing.

1865. Peachey, W., Esq., Ebernoe, Petworth.

1885. Peacock, Thos. F., Esi^., 11, South Square, Gray's Inn, London.

1871. Pearless, J. R., Escj., ^o^thleigll, East Grinstead.
1858. *Penfold, Hugh, Esq., Rustington, Worthing.

1879. *Peckham, Rev. HaiT>- J., Nut ley Vicarage, Uckfield.
1878. Perry, Robt. H., Esq., 89, Regency Square, Brighton.

1871. Philpot, Rev. W. B., South Bersted Vicarage, iJognor.

1884. PhilJipps, C. Taylor, Esq., 22, St. Ann's Villas, I^wes.
1849. Phillipps, Mr. John, Worthing.

1846. *Pitman, Rev. Prebendary T., m.a., Eastbomne.

1856. *Plowes, John Henry, Esq., 39, York Terrace, Regent's Park, London, N.w,
1870. Pocock, Crawford J., Esq., 24, Cannon Place, Brighton.

1874. Polhill, R. C, Esq., 1, Grange Villa, Furnace Road, Eastbourne.

1885. Potter, Mr. Walter, Northcliflfe, Stamford Road, Brighton.
1848. Powell, James D., Esq., High Hurst, Newick.

1846. Powell, Rev. Richmond, m.a.. South Stoke Rector\', Arundel.

1864. Powell, J. C, Esq., Selsfield, East Grinstead.

1861. Price, John E., Esq., f.8.a.,27, Bedford Place, Russell Square, London, w.c.

1848. Prince, C. L., Esq., f.r.a.s., Crowborough Beacon, Tunbridgo Wells.

1881. Pratt, J. C, Esq., Highfield, Seddlescombe.
1860. Pullinger, Mr. E., Lewes.

1882. Pullinger, Mr. William Wallis, Union Street, Brighton.

1872. Quaritch, Mr. Bernard, 15, Piccadilly, London.

1857. Ramsbotham, James, Esq., Warren, Crowborough, Tunbridge Wells.
1846. Raper, R. G., Esq., Chichester.

1872. Raider, W. A., Es^., Battle.

1884. Rathbone, Frederic, Esq., Ryssel Ridal Road, Streatham^ London.

1882. *Read, General John Meredith, Avenue Camot, Champs Elys^es, Paris.

1868. Read, Rev. T. F. R., Rector>', Withyham.

1882. Rendell, Rev. Arthur Medland, Coston Rectorj% Melton Mowbray.

1882. Renshaw, Alfred, Esq., 2, Suffolk Lane, Upper Thames Street, London.

1863. Renshaw, T. C, Esq., The Hall, Southend, Catford Bridge, London, 8.B.

1877. Rice, R. Garraway, Esq., Broadwater House, Addiscombe Road, Cit)ydon.

1870. Richardson. Rev. W. E., Rectorj', Southover.

1884. Rickman, John Thornton, Esq., Mailing Lane, Lewes.
1876. Rid^, L. W., Esc]., 7, Upper Wobum Place, London, w.c.
1851. *Robertson, Rev. Divie, m.a.. Vicarage, Henfield.

1858. Robertson, Dr. Lockhart, Grand Avenue Mansions, West Brighton.

1885. Robbins, Rev. Dr., JVamfleld Rector>% Hawkhurst.

1850. Rock, James, Esq., 6, Binswood Place, Kenilworth Road, Leamington.
1856. Roots, G., Esq., F.8.A., 2, Ashley Place, Pimlico.

1871. *Boper, F. C. B^ Esq., F.L.8., F.o.8., Belgrave nouse, Eastbourne.

LIST OF

^ Cobnel Holden, The Fema. Wi^-elsfielil.

1861. Boas, Hrary. Eeii., f.s.a., tliPstliam PstIc. HenfieW.
lt$S2. Rose, Thomas Gt>org(', Etig., TuJor House, llsafiitgg,

1869. Roaseti'r, Mrs.. IforU Manor.
1834. Boswell, Mr. Thomus, Barcombc.

1876. BouDilell, C. S.. Esq., m.p., Oahorne Gardens. FeraliiiTHt, Haslemere.

1S68. Ruab. Rev. Hnir; JotiD, u.x.. Haute Titte, Ilaywarda lleatb.

1860. RuBsell, Mr. Albion. Uvrea.

1866. Butter. Jaeh.. Esq,, m,i>., Codringfon House, WeaierD Road, Brighton.

1885. Ryde, G. W., £«[., 44. SilwooJ Road, Brighton.

ISflfl. Saint. Bev. J, J,, m.*., Groom liridge.

1B83. Sanderson, Rev. Edward. Rectory, Uckfield.

1864. Sandbam, Rev. J. M., M.A. Coldwalttiato, Pulborough.

1878. •Sawyer, Fred. K., Esq., F.e.A., 65. Buckingham Plac*. Brighton.

1870. Sawyer Q. D., Esq.. f.r.m.8., 56. Buckingham Place, Brighlon.
1882. •Sawyer, Mr. John, 29, St, George's Road, Brighton.
1882. Scammell, B. C, Esq., Lewes.
1668. Sclater, Jamea H., Esq., Newick Park, Lewes.
1863. Scott, M. II., Esq., 19, Lansdowne Place, Hove, Brighlon,
18S2. Scrivena. G., Esq., i), Pelham Place, HaatingB,

1871. Selmes, James, E»q., Losaenham, Asliford.
IBTa. Sergison. Warden, Esq., The Park, Cuckflold.
1878, Sheffield. The Earl of, Sheffield Place, Fle1<;h{ng.

1875, Shenatone. P. S.. Esq.. Siittou Hall. Barcombe.

1846. BhLHner, Rev. Sir G. Croxton, Bart., m.a., Coombe Place, Lewes.

I86'2. Shoppee. C. J., Eaq.. 61. Doughty Street, Mecklenburgb Square, London.

1878. Simmons, Mr. T., Lewes.

1862, Simmons, H., Esq., Beaford.

1876. Slack, H. J.. Esq., Aebdown Cottage, Forest Row.
I87a Smith. A. W.. Esq., t.c.l,, Kent Houbb, Rye.

1870. Stnitb, Mrs. Franda, Salt Hill, Chichester.

1871. Smith, Mrs. Henry, St. John's House, Chichester.
1846. Smith, Mr J. Russell, 36, Soho Sqnai«, London.
1860. Smith, Mr. W. J., Korth Street, Brighton,
1868. Smith. O. A,, Bag., Hammerwood Lodge, East Orinstead.
1870, Smith, J. Maxfleld, Esq., Hill House, Lewes.
1874. Smith. J. P. M.. Esq., 1 18, Western Road, Brighton.
1884. Smith. Rev. Irton, South Lynn, Eastbourne.

1866. Smyihe, Lewis, Esq., M.B., Lewes.

1867. *Snuth, Miss Elizabeth, 41, Cambridge Road, Brighton.

1879. Snewin, Mr. H. E., Park Road, Worthing.
1862. ■Sperling, Rev. J. H., m.a„ Cation Houbb. Norwich.
1866. Spratley, J. S.. Esq.. 163, Campbell Road. Bow. London.

1876. Springett, Edinund S., Esq.. AsliHeld Lodge. Hawkhurst,

1877. Spurrell, I!., Esq., 22, Lushington Road, Eastbourne.

1880. Staveley. G. A. P., Esq., Woldhurstiea. Crawley.
1M6. Stead. Rev^A., _m.a., Oringdean Iteclorj-, Brighlon.

Stewart, Robert. Esq.. Manor House. Hord.
I, F. W.. Esq., Cliarlton Lodge. Tut ' * '
■, Mrs.. The R«ci«ry. Briglitling.

IdCSL Stone, F. W.. Esq., Cliarlton Lodge. Tunbridge Wells.

1867. Streatteilil. R. J., Esq.. the Rocks. Cckflel.l.
1670. Strickland, Mr. Geo., Ilailshara.
.UTa. Strickland, Mr. W., Hailsham.

Button, Rev. Prebendary B. S., m.a., Bype Reclory, Hawkhurst.
Sutton, Rev. Prebendary E., M,a-, Fevensey.

XXZn SUSSEX AfiCHAEOIiOGIOAL 800IETT.

1881. Swainson, Rev. A. J., Vicarage, Foreat Bow.
1861. Swainson, Rev. Canon, d.d., Chichester.
1863. *Swift, John, Esq., Southfields, Eastbourne.

1882. Tasker, Mr. Frank, Prince Albert Street, Brighton.

1851. Tatham, Rev. R. R., B.D., Vicarage, Dallington.
1875. Taylor, W., Esq., Glenleigh, Westham, Eastbourne.
1884. Teulon, Rev. Preby. J. S., The North Pallant, Chichester.
1848. Thomas, W. Brodrick, Esq., 52, Wimpole Street, London.
1881. Thomas, Mr. David, 53, King's Road, Brighton.

1867. Thomas, Rev. S. Webb, m.a., Southease.

1869. ^Thompson, T. C, Esq., Ashdown Park, Forest Row, East Grinstead.

1857. Thorpe, G. Archibald, Esq., Hiffh Croft, Hastings.
1881. Tillstone, F. J., Esq., Yarra Villa, Preston, Brighton.
1881. Tillstone, Mr. llarry, Yarra Villa, Preston, Brighton.

1869. Tooke, Mrs. Cheval, Hiu-ston Clays, East Grinstead.

1852. *Tourle, J. J., Esq., 13, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London.
1884. Trew, Thomas Medland, Es<|., m.d., Eastfield Park Hill Rise, Croydon.
1851. Tribe, W. Foard, Esq., The Manor House, Broadwater, Worthing.

1860. Trower, C. F., Esq., 7, Kensington Gate, London.

1879. Tudor, Rev. Owen L., Yealton, Addingham Road, Eastbourne.

1878. Turing, Sir Robt., Chilgrove, Chichester.

1878. Turing, Lady, Chilgrove.
1872. Turner, W. W., Esq., Seaford.

1855. Turner, Rev. Thos. R., m.a., Lingfield Road, Wimbledon.

1865. Turner, Richard, Esq., Lewes.

1881. Twy cross, George F., Esq., Jun., 22, Iffley Road, Oxford.
1846. Tyacke, Nicholas, Esq., m.d., Chichester.

1882. Usill, Mr8.» Fulboum Lodge, Blackwater Road, Eastbourne.
1882. Vidler, James Coleman, Esq., Rye.

1863. *Wagner, H., Esq., F.8.A., 13, Half-Moon Street, FiccadiUy, London, w.

1861. Walker, Rev. G. A., m.a., Chidham, Emsworth.

1879. *Walker, Ven. Archdeacon, Cliichester.

1870. *Walli8, G. A., Esq., 14, Seaside Road. Eastbourne.
1882. Walsh, Rev. Walter, m.a., Folkington Rectory, Polegate.

1871. Warren, John, Esq., ll.b., b.a., Handcross Park, Ci^wley.
1875. Warren, E., Esq., 95, Lancaster Gate, London, w.

1858. Warren, Reginald A., Esq., Preston Place, Worthing.
1879. Watson, Col. W. H., Capron House, Midhurst.

1857. Wauffh, Edward, Esq., Cuckfleld.

1877. Wedd, G., Esq., Charmandean, Worthing, and 51, Queen's Gardens, Loo-
don, w.

1853. Weir, Harrison, Esq., Tunbridffe Wells.

1872. Weir, J. Jenner, Esq., P.L.8., Cherbury, Copers* Cope Road, Beckenham.

1868. Weller, T. E., Esq., Langport Villa, Spring Grove, Kingston-on-Thamet.
1846. Wellesley, Lady Victoria I^ong, West Stoke House, Chichester.

1881. Wells, Arthur, Esq., St. Leonards-on-Sea.

1861. Wetherell, N., Esq., Pashley. Hawkhurst.

1857. Wetherell, Major Richard, 12, Lansdown Road, Tunbridge Wells.

1867. Wheatley. G. W., Esq., Charlwood House, Charlwood, Surrey.

1881. Whistler, Rev. R. F., m.a., The Vicarage, Ashbumham.

1874. Whitehead, T. M., Esq., 8, Duke Street, St. James', London, w.

Whitelock, Rev. Benjamin, m.a., Groombridge.

Whitfeld, G^., Esq., Lewes.

LIST OF HEMBEBS. XZXIU

885. WilkiiiBon, Mr. Th08., 21, Portland Place, Brighton.

846. Willett, Henry, Esq., F.a.8., Arnold House, Bnghton.

880. •Willett, Bey. F., Bedales Hill, Lindfield.
873. Williams, W. J., Esq., 17, Middle Street, Brighton.

886. Williamson, G., Esq., Dunstanbeorh, Guildford.
868. Winham, Bev. D., m jl., Western House, Brighton.
872. *Wisden, Lieut-Col., The Warren, Broadwater, Worthing.
884. Wolfe, Miss E. 8., High Broom House, Botherfield.

881. Wolff, Henry William, Esq., High Street, Lewes.
878. Wood, Alex., Esq., The Laurels, Horsham.
872. Wood, H. T., Esq., Fittleworth, Little Bognor, Pulborough.
881. Woodman, Thos. C, Esq., 83, Montpellier Boad, Brighton.
868. Woods, A. W., Esq., 18, Denmark Terrace, Briighton.
859. Woods, J. W., Esq., Chilffroye, Chichester.
868. Wright, B., Esq., a.l.8., Hurstmonceuz.

881. Wright, Alexander J., Esq., Hiffhcroft, Arundel Boad, Eastbourne.

848. •Wyatt, Hugh Penfold, Esq., Cissbury, Worthing.

847. Wyatt, Bev. J. I. Penfold, m.a., Hawley Parsonage, Blackwater, Hants.
867. Wyndham, Hon. Percy, Petworth.

861. Toung, Edmund, Esq., Steyning.

862. Toung, William Bladunan, Es(^, Grove, St. Leonards-on-Sea.
881. Toung, Herbert, Esq., 2, South Terrace, Hastings.

1873. *Zoachet Lord, Parham, Pulborough.

CORRESPONDING SOCIETIES, &o.

The Society of Antiquaries of London.

The Royal and Archffiological Association of Ireland.

The British ArchsBological Association.

The Cambrian Archaeological Association.

The Royal Arch»ological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland.

La Soci^t^ des Antiquaires de Normandie.

The Norfolk and Norwich Archieological Society.

The Essex Archieological Society.

The London and Middlesex Archieological Society.

The Somersetshire Archaeological Society.

The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire.

The United Architectural Societies of Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Northampton,

Bedfordshire, Worcestershire, and Leicestershire.
The Kent Archieological Society.
The Surrey Archieological Society.
The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.
The Yorkshire Arch»ological and Topographical Society.
The Powys-land Club.
The Cambridge Antiquarian Society.
The Berkshire Archseological Society.
The Gloucestershire Archieological Sodety.
The Smithsonian Institute, U.S. America.
The Derbyshire Archfeological Society.
The Lambeth Palace Library.
The Royal Institute of British Architects.
The Shropshire Archieological and Natural History Society.

The Stote Paper Office.
The College of Arms.

itascx ^rci)aco(ogical Sjocictg.

SUPPLEMENTARY OBSEEYATIONS ON THE
P,-VRENTAGE OF THE COUNTESS GM-
DREDA, WIFE OF WILLIAM, FIEST EAKL
,0F WARENNE AND SURREY.

By SIE G. F. DTJCKETT. Eaet.

" Life it too sKoTt for Jiijkting thatloics."

Op all controversies at the present time, that oq the
Parentage of Gundreda, wife of William de Warenue,
Earl of Surrey, is the moat unsatisfactory, as it is, pro-
bably, save on the score of liistoric truth, the least
important. The subject of her parentage, as the
daiighter of William the Conqueror, has been so often
ventilated in this and other journals, that it is not
likely to come upon its readers for the first time, but
whilst it is useless to seek any compromise, it ia equally
impossible to arrive at any solution of the question
under the maze and labyrinth of diverging and converg-
ing views enunciated by the several disputants.

The latest contribution, in presumed elucidation of
tbo matter, by Mr. Chester Waters [" ArcUaeol. Journal,"
No. 1(J3, 1884], is very far from satisfactory. It ia
neither clear nor convincing, and although drawn up with
ability, may be ratbor considered as a piece of desiruclive

2 SUPPLEMBNTAET OBSERVATIONS ON THE

criticism, tending to convey the impression that all
writers on the subject have hopelessly blundered except
himself. His sketch-pedigree in proof of the descent
endeavoured to be established is not conclusive, neither
do his assumptions in respect of St. Anselm's valuable
letter to Henry 1. rest on solid grounds. -We ourselves
lay great stress on that letter, but arrive at other conclu-
sions. Tabular pedigrees are specious and ostensibly
decisive, but apt to deceive the uninitiated. They parade
and suggest a completeness to which they have no right,
unless irrefutable and convincing reference be given for
every grade in the descent. This essential quality in Mr.
Waters's case is conspicuous by its total absence, the
several grades being unsupported by any reference to
authorities.

The light and airy manner in which the modem school
decide these questions is amusing, but not an obvious
proof of their infallibility. The self-sufficient confidence
with which genealogical inferences and canons of criticism
are manufactured on a subject, like the present, involving
caution, study, and long experience, and to be approached
only with due respect, is one of the prevailing fashions
of the day ; but this class of critics cannot be allowed to
ride rough-shod over those who take an opposite view,
or cast ridicule on evidence received for centuries as
authentic, according to their own goodwill and caprice.
Seeing, however, that as regards the present controversy
most, if not all, competent antiquaries have unfortunately
passed away, to whom it would have belonged to refute
the wild theories propounded on this subject, the present
generation seems likely to be able to challenge aU argu-
ment and set criticism at defiance. Meanwhile counterfeits
must not mislead us. It is manifestly clear that what
has been accepted as true in a nation's annals for seven
or eight centuries, is more worthy of confidence than the
alleged ** discoveries," and far-fetched views of modem
antiquaries.

On one point, and one only, do we agree with Mr. 0.
Waters, namely, that the Chartulary of Clugni is likely

PAEENTAOB OF THE C0DNTE3S OUNDBEDA. 6

1 be the beat (and perhaps only) chance of solving
the problem o£ Gundreda'a relationship to the Con-
queror.

The paper, now submitted to the Sussex Archaeological
Society, was drawn up some time since on the appearance
in the " Academy " of certain notices on the parentage
of Gundreda. The gist of these several articles, in a
condensed form, is contained in the last paper on the
subject by Mr. Waters, to which allusion has just been
made. This paper embraces, however, the same views,
but urges nothing to alter in the least our opinion and
belief in the Lewes Chartulary, or the Royal Parentage
of Gundreda, so that we adhere to the original evidences
on these points with greater tenacity. Until all existing
Charters have been thoroughly ransacked, including, as
we have said, the Chartulary of Clugni — supposing it to
be still extant — we have no other authentic data on which
to rely, besides what we have already. A thorough over-
hauling of such records might bring us nearer to the truth,
but notwithstanding the unbelief of the present age, in
things temporal aa welt as spiritual, nothing has hitherto
been discovered or adduced (iu our mind) to impugn the
authenticity of existing evidence.

In dealing with the question of Gundreda, Countess of
Warenne, there seems an infatuation on the part of some
to be guided exclusively by Ordericus Vitalis, and to
af&liate her to a common parent with one Qherbod, a
Fleming. Much in the same way, and from the same
cause, the battle for centuries kuown by no other
designation than that of "Hastings" has obtained for
"itself the name of "Senlae," on the authority alone of
this historian, notwithstanding that, with all due regard
to his average reliability, he has grossly erred in making
the said Countess to survive her husband, and in ascribing
the earldom bestowed ou the latter as the gift of the
Conqueror.

The craze, again, of a few others, (if we may use the
term), in deducing her descent from every improbable
and far*fetched source, baa taken such firm hold of

" » •'

• I

ii-^T y.i'^^'-i-^^ "iziT. ^iz^ tim izs^ate researcli in
_:- ^^-i- ^.-r^rz i. izi -r-J- f3is±:§ evidences by
« ::- -.— r: :: ' -rrr^.n.z n: iZ. ^rsc: charters and
:^i*r--.r*r- .: -r"Vr* -TT^crj — -frr ^e list ^ven by
-. ..--": : r:z.*T-urb ncp* "iaz are necessary for
•i ^.. -^i-.r' — 'X:-rr rc^*z ?cec!£2 zi^ntion of her
o -> ^ :n j>7'j^^z:::ri= ^^JSccay.T be expected,*
-^ . .. > :-.-■ : ^T.cs^^ :cs:ir^ for all future
» •:.- % ztt .-r-re-'T. Ji rur:. :o disperse the
:.: . r-r :•= 7^.i5cn'":g 'JT'iich havo been
. - . -■■:'. — T= T-H ::.:u saj purposely, but
..• i.l iT^ :ncre rr Inrss anxious to
v: , s. -. . : — V :rr. rv: rh'o=!i: writers, to be
:\>v. ; ...,:. .::-=>.rarj:-r:7 issert :hat Gundreda

■ uu* V. : .:•-,:• -: ^'litn iLirZca's blood in her

W ,» \» i-^, ::"'''^ ::r'v-ir»i scce'whac in support of
iMi* .M%'r \ v%s* i>*,>.ii;* "^aiin? jdc^ti in a former volume
oi i*'o " ^*.;:vM. \ Avl:ac'.ico-*al CcZeccions,"^ before ap-

!♦■ »i 't^'i '.'lA^.;*' xvi :Vr 3 I'lcciccr to maintain that we
l«ii\o ^'.u.iM'siw' .>o :ru:.! ."i :I::i Princess's parentage,
\«ii \\liu-h i?M-.'\ v'k*-* or a,:i.::y azd intelligence are still
Jis:i.vM\r*! ^lv*;•.!••vv•: "vTy :-j:\:Tvrce, however strong, is
in»i :i 1 v'i*»u*I'.;>i*\c Jii J/rtvc ev:d;:nc^— Still we believe,
iiimI iiirttiy \*t:\*?-x ;i"v 0: ovi-icE, that we have gone fieur
li» ivfutii so T?',i:v-' ot :: as rv:Vrs :o her/nf^<mee/relation-

\Vliou OmUtk-us V::ii;:s as;?tTts her to have been
•• pislrr to lihcrlvd." wo 5::;1 b<:lieve that he intended us

• 1 1 nt'iiiil fi|*|'i'nr. *ir*v t!'o .iW'tv wxj wrv.it-c. ttas macj of the eftrlj chaalen
i.f l.cni'M Tiii'iT i-r iJio ivi^r* .i" llcvrv I.. >uih*?c. and Uenrj 11^ Ac, are now
Hi Mil. Iliri'itl IHliiT. ItrtTif*: AX viv :::•.«.' fcr=:tfu j.iin of the Chapter Hooae
ff.Mi.iMM.rili III Wpu(iiiium|«-i'. ri-.ivo v'rc:r.ii viocuoicnid are doabilesa among those
Iff f.hii li |iii|iiliili« ipirm. mill tluMr ^»nr.r.acion 19 bving andertaken as to whether
Ml*./ Miff.iv niir liuM I'll liiiiuinxin« Lvntrvroru'd deeceoc. fS. Athenenm. Noi

•* 'lir*. fii.'l 'riiMiii i.r St. An^olm/' bv Martin Rcle. M.A., ISS2; " Parentage of
f«»i«M OMi.ihrilii," |,v K. C. WnioK (" Academy," Ni\30e, 1879).
^trurinum i.n Mm l*uroii(nf^a« of Gundreda," ic. ; *' Snssex Archaeological
»•*,*' XXVMI.i "(NiiiilKTlnnd and WcBtmorcland Antiquarian I^ranaac*
., H2\ ^f. : " Athcnnjum," No. 2G47, July, 1878.

PABENTAGB OF TTIE COUNTESS GUWDBEDA. 5

I understand that she was his fosier-smter, and in no
way disposed to deny her relationship to the Conqueror
and Matilda. We now see further cause to entertain
this opinion. If the passage, in which the assertion is
made, and nowhei'e else repeated, be attentively weighed,
a very material point will appear to have escaped notice,
going far (we consider) to establish the belief that the
near relaiionfltip of Gundreda to the Conqueror was
present in the writer's mind at the time he couples her
name with that of Gherbod. The passage is made up of
King William's oicn family and belongings.

In the sentence "immediately preceding" the mention
of Gherbod, Ordericus bi-ings forward the name of the
Conqueror's owji niece (Judith), and in that " immediately
following" he refers to Adelaide, the sister of the same
King, and lest f,ister should in this case be misinter-
preted, he adds, daugJder of the same father, Duke
Robert.* The manifest inference to be drawn (in our
mind) from these entries, and the joint enumeration
of so many of the Ducal (and Royal) fnmily, or relation
in which thoy stood to the King, is, that Ordericus
naturally classed them together as members of the
same Bouse, and for the following, if for no other
reason. Were in these days a writer to quote two or
more members of our English Royal Family, he would
assuredly not interpose or associate with them the name
of a Homewbat obscure subject of the reigning Sovereign,
unless that subject had been elevated to a very much
higher position by marriage or other connection. In this
instance Gherbod had some time before been made Earl
of Chester, a rank evidently acquired solely in virtue of
his being Gundreda's foster-brother.

The passage in Ordericus runs thus : — " To the Count
Galliive like ISaxon Earl Waltheof], son of lEart] Sivard,
the most influential and powerful of the English, the
[ gave in marriage idlh /its niece Judith the county
torthampton, and this he did chiefly with a view to

* See note hllowiag on Odo de Chunpagiu (b).

6 SUPFLEMENTABY OBSBBVATIONS ON THE

gain him over to his interest ; and William do Warenne.
who had married Gundreda, the [foster-'] sister of Gber-
bod, received the county of Surrey. Odo, Count of
Champagne, nephew of Count Theobald IIL, who had
married the King's sister (i.e.), daughter of the Duke of
Normandy (their common father) , obtained the county
[tern'tory or isle] of Holderness." *

The position which the Countess Gundreda holds in
this paragraph, is that, we maintain, which was due to
her birth alone, let Ordericus be right or wrong in
naming her \J^ foster] sister to Gherbod." It may, how-
ever, be reasonably urged with equal probability, that,
on account of his many shortcomings, he was in error in
so doing, for no other authority whatever can be found
to corroborate the statement, neither does he himself
repeat it, in alluding to her afterwards as Countess of
Warenne, or, in short, in any other part of his Ecclesias-
tical History. Independent of the errors of Ordericus,
already pointed out at p. 3, we may draw attention to the
Biographic Universelle for his want of trustworthiness,
and to the preliminary matter of Guizot's Frencb trans-
lation of his Chronicle. Under any circumstances the
testimony of historians is as nothing in comparison with
original documentary evidence.

In the Lords' Committee, for instance, on the dignity

* Bex GnillclmnB Gualleyo comiti, filio Sivardi, poteniiMimo Anglomm, oomi*
talnm Northamtoniie dcdit, oiquo Jadith nepi^m suam (*), Qt firma inter eot
amicitia pcrdnrarot, in matrinionio conjiinzit, qua), Ac . . . et Gnillelmo de
Guaronna, qui Gundredam sororeni Cfherhodi conjngem habebat» dedit Bnrre-
giam. Odoui Toro Campaneusi (}*), nepoti Theobald! comit]*8» qui sororem hahehai
ejusdem retjis, filiam Bcilicct Koberti ducis, dodit idem oomitatum Hildemesw
(Ord. Vit-.y pars, ii., lib. iy., 332).

(a) She was daughter of the Countess of Albemarle, the Conqaeror'8 flister
by the half-blood.

Qi) Odo de Champagne, was the son of Stephen II., Comit of Champagne. On-
his father's death, being under age, ho was dispossessed of his inheritanoe bj
Theobald III., Count of Chartres, and in 1050 sought refuge at the oonrt of
his kinsman (cousin), William, Duke of Normandy, following him into England
in 1066. According to Bouquet (lib. iv., 687), the Conqueror gave him his vterine^
mtcVf the danghter, namely, of Herluin de ConteTille and Herleve [Harlott or
Arlot], not as Orderic Vital statcp, the sister of the whole-blood, the daughter of
Duke Uobcrt of Normandy ; [cui Guillclmus 'uterinam sororem Adelaidem, filiam
nempe Herluini de Contavilla et Hurlcto), Guillelmi ipsius matris, in matrimonio
dedit] (Dom Bouquet, lib. iv., p. 687).

PARENTAOB OP THE C0UNTES8 OUNDREDA. 7

Peer [re Arundel title and peerage], having
under consideration the case of Rofjer do Montgomeri,
Charters and Recordi were unhesitatingly held to be
paramount to Chronicles and Historians, the mode
nud style of " Comes Rogerius," in his signature to
Battle Abbey Foundation Charter, as "de Munfcgum',"
being insisted on, as conclusive against the contention
upheld by some historians, that he was " Comes de
Arundel.' So, in like manner, without adducing similar
oxaniples, the extracts by Dugdale and other Heralds
from Lewes Priory charters ought necessarily to
override the '* unconfirmed " statement of Ordericus.
And here it may be mentioned as noteworthy, and quite
inexplicable, save on the score of oversight, that of all
people Dugdale, in his Baronage, should be found to
adopt Ordericus's version of " Soror Qherbodi," when at
the same time ho actually gives a reference in the margin,
and over leaf gives another reference in the margin to his
own (and Dodsworth's) Monastieon, published many
yeara before, which quite upset it.'*

But a still further illustration may bo added in support
of Gundreda's descent.

In the well-known controversy between Brooke and
Camden, regarding William de Wareuns and his wife,
the former held that the " Rex," who had made W. de
Warenne, Earl of Surrey, was the Conqueror, whereas
Camden maintained that it was his son "William Rufus.
The argument of Brooke was, that the words "pro
salute" in the Foundation Charter of Lewes Priory,
showed that the Conqueror was still alive, for had he
been dead, the wording would have been " animd," over-
looking, however, the fact that the title of " Res " was
given to Rufus in the same sentence.^ Nevertheless in

* Bee account of Diigdate'a Barnn&g:e ia Muule, wilb scoonat of Antbon; a
WoiHl't KmttB and CorriKeDda in B'M, Btxll.

' ItmKj l« of iiiteroBt to quote tlio entiro
mado b; Aibmolo, the word "Bnimn" occ
thui—

■o do IiewBB.

na de Wareiuut

8 SUPFLEMEKTABT OBSERVATIONS ON THB

that controversy neitber of those Heralds quesfcioned
Oundreda's parentage in the remotest degree, and in
Brooke's Catalogue she is named in the list of the
Conqueror's issue. It was left to a future age to form
the wild supposition of Queen Matilda having had a
child born out of wedlock, or even by a fonner
marriage !

So far, therefore, the preceding adds materially to
strengthen the theory we have elsewhere adduced,^ and
throws additional light on the passage in Ordericus.

We now turn to a totally different view of the subject,
or obverse of the medal.

To show how opinions may differ on the question of
Gundreda and her descent, two recent writers^ have
boldly denied to her (as already stated) any place what-
ever in the Royal Family of England. Both endeavour
to show, arguing from different premises, that she bore
no relationship either to the Conqueror, or to his Queen
Matilda.

Without entering at any length into the questions of
a£Snity and consanguinity as prohibitions to marriage,
or matters — we may almost say quibbles-destined to
lead one away from the investigation of historic truth,
for, as regards the former, whenever existing, a dispensa-
tion from the Pope could (and did) at any time rectify,
we will endeavour to disprove (if possible) the fallacious
reasoning of this, and some of the latest theories, as far
as they have come to our knowledge, in disproof of the
parentage in question.

The first who appears to have thrown any doubt on

ot Gandreda uxor mea, ot pro ealute animso mesB, et animsd nxoris meas efe pto
anini& domini mei WilVmi Regis, qui me in Anglicam terram addiixit, efe per
cnjuB liocntiam monachos venire feci, et qai meam priorem donationem oonfirmATit^
ot pro Ralnte domiiiaB meto Matildis Regina), matris uxoris mece, et pro salute domini
nici Will'mi Regis filii sui, post enjus adventom in Anglicam terram hanc cartam
foci,et qui me Comitem SurrcgioB fecit, et pro salute omnium heredom meoranii do
et conoedo, etc." (Ash. MS. 844, fo. 34 ; Bibl. Bodl.)

■ " Observations on tbo Parentage of Gundreda/' &o. (" Sussex Arohaeolo|fiaal
CollcctionB/' XXVIII. ; *' Cumberland and Westmoreland Antiquarian Tiansao-
tions/' iii., 321 sq. ; *' AthenoDum," No. 2,617, July, 1878.)

9 '* Life and Times of iSt. Anselm,'* by Martin Rule, M.A., 1882 ; " Parentage of
the Countess Gundreda," by C. E. Waters (" Academy ,'» No. 368, 1879).

PARESTAfiB OF TKB OOUNTKSS GtJKDUEDA.

Gundroda's descent from Matilda and the Conqueror
was the late Mr, Stapleton, in a paper in the " Archaeo-
logical Journal" (iii., p. 20 seq.), the illogical reasoning
of which was first entirely made raanifeat by the late Mr.
Blaauw (" Archaeologia," xxsii., 108). Without naming
others who have followed in the same track, the writer
of an article in No. 368 of the "Academy" (1879),
Mrishes us to believe, and undertakes to show according
to his own view, that the Countess Gundreda was not
Queen Matilda's daughter by any marriage, and that
her descent from the reigning families of Flanders and
England must be henceforth looked upon aa a " discarded
fable."

The assertion, also, by the author of the " Life of St.
Anselra " (i., 421) that the Countess G-undreda " had not
a drop of Matilda's blood in her veins," is as startling as
anfounded, if any regard is to be attached to historic
evidence. The theory of this writer is, that Gundreda
was the sister of one Richard Guet, a person who became
a monk of Bermondsey. Such an hypothesis cannot be
maintained for a moment, as we shall satisfactorily
domonatrate, or even in the face of what Ordericus
asserts, that she was the sister of Gherbod," (not even
made out in tliis case as a half-brother, but a totally
different man).

One of the chief arguments in disproof of Gundreda's
parentage adduced by the writer in the " Academy "
(No. 308, 1 879), rests on the old assertion that the words
*'jilt(E meiv" in thu Conqueror's charter, giving to the
monks of St. Pancras the manor of Walton in Norfolk,
aro an interpolation. A minute inspection of this faded
and obliterated charter, warrants no such imputation.
The words "filiw mecB " are interlined (in a hand of the
16th century)," in explanation of words which were
originally written, and which have disappeared from
deoay. Such was the opinion of some of the highest

njibf apoake tor iUelt.

A nuxioni hwiil," Thia ii

10 -rFPr.EXENTART OBSESTATIOSS ON THB

authorities afr^rr repeated examination of this document
some years a^o f' Archaeologia," xsxii., 117).

:>ince :::e plea of " niterpolation^^^ however, was first
prop»3undeJ in respect of this charter, another theory
has been started. The same writer now accuses the
monks of Lewes of having forged the Confirmation
deed of their founder (" Arch. Journal," No. 163,
1SS4). This assertion is satisfactorily answered in the
stHjuel.

To say the least, as regards interpolation, if the
doctrine be once admitted that words or passages in
any instrument can be styled as interpolated, which
it may be convenient to get rid of, there must be an
end to all history and to all tradition, sacred or pro-
raue.

Tho arjxu meats held by the author of " St. Anselm's

liile" in disproof of Giindreda's parentage, appear to

W \ Inverold.*- First, that the words ^^filia " and " mater^*

\\\ \\\i} l-onqiieror's and William de Warenne's charters,

Tor ho docs not go upon the ground of any interpolation

in* lorgory, to impugn their authenticity — signify respec-

tiv«»ly '* f/o(f-(hiifj/it€r" and '' god-mother^* ("Life of St

AnHi'lin/' iv., 420; "Academy," April 9th, 1883);

Ftncondly, that sIjo was the ^/^fer of Richard Guet (as just

obHrrved), quoting the "Chronicle of Bermondsey" in

proof of it; and thirdly, that St. Anselm, the Archbishop

of (Jantorbury, had interdicted a projected marriage be-

iv/fu^u lior son (William de Warenne IL) and a daughter

of lUmvy 1. 071 the score of consanguinity.

Now, tljo absolute improbability of the first of these
^•ippo.siti(Tns is sclf-ovident, and cannot be maintained,

^ * ' ?-* .i it nmy \fo nrpo«l " (flnvH the writer) ••that, after all, the first Earl

'f. ;^ the Ciuiiiiii r«ir'n (^hiivn * mat or n.ro.i*Me.r;* and the Conqueror ia at

* • : •= ■' ^^-^TT" \ To liavo wnii.Mi «if (Jiimlivihi j»h • fiiia Wft?."*

^.,.." ';' ' ■' ^"- <•'»«» itflji uuH .M:iiil,l:,% ^'..lohiM. rnicr, mater, filias, filia,

.„. . ."•'•" ■•; : <■ ->'5"iM ,.f .:o.i-;»;u. : * .'uiil jroil-cliililn'u. Nothing was

•-•:•■ t' St. .\i:s.^ni;" i.. rj«o.

• ■ ■■ ■ ■ • - - .

. : —

\.if\..\.''j"''^^*'-' *'''^>'*' ^'^ "»«n' '•«'«* \xho, ihon, wa5 Gnodreda, I wonld
/ . ' ,"■-'.' " '% !n«Mi:o ;n tl;o • Kocistrum do IWmondesoie * (Uarl.
* "■■ '• -•" *— ^ ii.ciuius tiuot ivAWr ivmiiissw? Warone/ " ic, Ac

TABENTAGB OP THE COUNTESS GCNDBEDA. 11

if language has any meaning, for, nnliko " Soror," as
foster-sinter, (tlie interprotatioii first adopted by our-
selres, for wliicli tliero are good and " derivative "
grounds),'* the words " commater," and "fiVtohi," have
uniformly been used in strict and legal phraseology to
designate " god-mother " and " god-daughter," from a
time long antecedent and subsequent to that of which
we are treating, as the quotations below aufficiently
demonstrate, and cannot be similarly treated.'* Even
admitting, for the sake of argument, that in common
parlance their occasional use "might" be found, they
were decidedly never so employed in any legal instru-
ment or charter, particularly in such an important docu-
nient, as, in this caee, the Conqueror's charter. But the
two last statements of this writer are diametrically
opposed, and only tend to confirm the case in favour of
Gundreda being Queen Matilda's daughter. As the
sister of Richard Guet, (had such been the fact), there
would hayo been no relationship whatever, or any cause
for interdicting a marriage between the two parties,

• ■ '-nt on tlio PsJreiit»gi} oF Onndreda," &0- i (" Snsbev Arclineologioal
■. \ in,). We are aiider tha improMion Ihat we oaneVietanticiialai
' ':■■ " IXta of St, Ansalni " in the dlBCorerj of the " koj to tlie io-
. ,' of wbicli lie ['■ Auailwiij," April fltL, 1»83] olftima tliB prmUt, in
our ;>uiii.iiliir iir<p1iDali(>ii of it to " foBter-parenUge." Tbe lulnplotiou of the
UuKirj to -' liii{itUma1.sarBtiea " ouiuof bo mnlntuiueJ, for '• StiTof" in a aulitar^
E>, aii<l, jierliapBi tha only ivnrd in the whole vocabutarj irhich admiu of

I* Aatfaocitio* in aapport of '■ Commater " j —

" Nnltui |>nBBiinint tomiaiUrem lumn diie«re [in] Dxorem " (Lex Lon^bard, lib.
S, lit, S, B. I>). " N<iii potoro te habere cxinjagem, oum eammalria aiiepta sIb nomon "
(CapiL Cwvli. Mkg. I. G, O. 100; I, 0, c. 810; Aiinuiniu 1. 3, Hist. Franc, o. <>).
" Domina moB, n Qlin baptitata romrnalsr tan fffeotn eit " (Andreiu Silrina in
Chro»ioi> Uu-nlaneiiai ( V. Coaail, Roid., iab Qn-Korio II. PP. cun. i; Petraiu
Damiui, lib. a, Epigt. 16). "' Elizabetha Dnket commatsr EJgBifem Ricardi Dnkot "
(ITobntioetnti* 11 UcB. vm., *.o. 1519); V. Imi. p. ni, V, T. No. 20, U Hen, VIII.
(Do Oao^jo in loool.

T!nwL>f..f ■' Fii/oln^' (rtud FiliolaB)are: —

" Ir. . ..iil.j et filinlrB metB VIb. Vrnrt." (TfiBtam. Johannii Eo-

nnw.! AriKlioftQ. Madoi. p. ««). " PilioTiiB aat jUlola apiri.

tnali> ' ' AithoniB Kpiampi Bnait, c. II), " (jaomodo Amoldaa

BaM- .iiiitiiSBanEUtradiB, ct filii ejna Sifridiet Ardolphi; et

qnijin' .: film m fiiMixjium ^i.o., danam qaod/iwifoa lU^cfptore

ptMil iii.nrtnB ArdousiBi Diimngo in lo«o), ■' Crodenn, Koi

dBt'i- "li Bckib" (Hunt, pa, 3SI i SpeloiDn.)

^ \\\ I : .aid ooiiferrad the tnaaoc of CliGBhunt on Juhn do l{Dr-

A — T - - .1. - - _

-- T. 7«rijL_^_^. .:.>zi inry? ox the

••"1-5- ^-. JiiLJ-rJn 5 .rz-r.-z^ .s ?:r.ri^Te proof that such
* =irru^f -r:/? .. !Tz.:T^-:"-in.:c. r<:: above all it proves

lir.:- 71 -s-ii^h each stood to the

" i-'ir^ii's iss^e en the one hand,

: ^--r i^^euy is^cJzTzz'zy^T on the other. It is
.-inireii."* >:z. '^ illii^.-i-e Warenne IL, until
:: ":i-f :er- -"i-f C:^:-6Tx:.r's and Matilda's
rri-ij-jr. -^:zlL JLL-f ":ef- ir^: cousin to Henry's
Ci-^itfT. A- 1 ^7^^-^ — — ^ ^rrizion ancestor. But,
:: «.T^-:.r:f*iA ":T*f * :: 5:5:cr :■: zisz King, they were no
rt..\:::i:5 -^i.-.tf^rr : ^: ::>£•: .if"-T the relationship en-
dfaT:—^..: :.; \>: :^:rfi :t :"i::$<e -a-ho aver that she was
nc: M.i::'-ii.'5 l^jL^iifr, is -'.:v :\1\! confirmed by St.
Anstlni's 'r::c7. azi :if very aurhcriry cited as an argu-
men: a^.^:z.?: ::• tr-is iuzirirl^allr ia the opposite way,
to s-^bsta::::^:^ ::.

The ecnsci-r'-i-itj ixis::^^ between Gundreda's son and
Henry I/s dau^r:er, referred to that which already had
existed between :he Con.y-ercr and Matilda, in their com«
men ancestcr Di:ke Rcl'.o. or very likely to some other
source of coi:sa-c:::T:::y ^fi.'f '^ziirir. As we understand it,
William the Conqueror was in the fifth degree of descent
from Duke Rollo. and Matilda was in a further degree
from the same, through Adela, the wife of her great-
grandfather, Huixh Capet. Other modes of tracing up to
a common ancestor may have been shown, but the aboye,
we think, suffices, inasmuch as the consangninHtf, upon
which the whole question hinges, is proved by St. An-
selm's letter. As for the precise number of grades of

>* St. Anaelm's letter (" S. Anselmi Epist.." ir^ SI) rnna thna: —
** Henrico charissimo sao ilouiiuo. Dei gratia regi Anglormn, AnBelmiu archie-
piflCopUB fidele Bcrvitium cum orat iouibus.

" GratiaH ago Duo pro boiia vol un late qnam vobis dedit, et yobis qui earn MF-
Taro Btadetis. Quxrit consilium ceUitudo voBira quid sibi faciendam sit de lido»
cjuia pacta est filiam Buam dare Gnillclmo dc Vvarenne, ciim ipae et filia Twum
vx una parte Bint cognati in quarta gcnorationc, ct ex alter& in 8ext4. Sot*
t<»to abBquo dubio quia nullum pactum ecrvari debet contra legem ChriBtiani-
tutiK. Illi autciii, Hi ita propinqui Bont, nullo modo Icgitimd copnlari pcuanti
ii<'(|ii(!t niiu) (lurnnuiiono animarum suanmi, ncquo bine uiagno peccato eonim, qui
hiH' lit fiul priHjnnibunt. — Precor igitur ct consulo vobir», ex parte Dei, sicat
rhiirihHiino domino, ut nullatcnus voB buic |)eccato miBceatia, neque filiam Teatram
I'idoiii Ciuillolmo contra legem et yoluntatem Dei tradatia. Omnipotena DenB
-irigat vos vt omucH octuB YUBtroe in beneplacito suo/'

PAJtENTAOE OF THE COUNTESS OUSDEEDA. 13

aoent, on whicli so much stress is laid, whether in the
fourth or fifth degree, we hold it to be of no primary
coDSequonce in respect of the main argument. Tho re-
lationship, so emphatically denied to Gundreda, is thus
thoroughlij estahlished. Perhaps St. Anselm himself rather
qualifies his own assertion as to the degrees of descent,
when he says "si tta propinqui sunt." The canonical
consanguinity, whatever may have been its degree,
which we know William and Matilda violated, would
have extended to a further generation, for the Council
of Rouen in 1072 decreed: — "Si infra sepdmam genera-

tionem alt'qua consanguinitas inventa fuerit

Don conjungantur." William o£ Malmesbury, also,
states the same (lib. 1 de Gestis Pontificum Anglorum)
" ex alterultril parte," so that the question of relation-
ship, whilst sufficing to prove who Gundreda was not,
viz., the sister of Richard Guet, affords direct evidence,
on the score of the interdicted consanguinity, of her
being the Conqueror's and Matilda's daughter.

The assertion, in fact, that this person was her brother,
is utterly fallacious. It is made on the strength of an
entry in tho " Chronicle of Bermondsey," '" quoting the
temporalities of tho Priory, which reads thus : —

" A.D. 1 098. Hoc anno Ricardus Guet frater GomitisstB
Warene dedit manerium de Gowyk monachis deBermon-
deseie."

Now, if reference is here made to any Countess of
Warenne, it was assuredly not made to Gundreda, and
further on it will be seen, that the Liber Elieosis is
quoted by one of the aforesaid writers to prove a second
Countess of Warenne.

Manning, the Historian of Surrey, in quoting the gift
of Uowick in Essex {hodie Quickbury) by Richard Guet
to tho monks of Bermondsey in 1098, justly observes, in
reference to the then contemporary Countess of Warenne
— having in his mind the wife of William de Warenne

'' Aoimlea Ati1»Liic S. SolraUiriB do Bermonrleseiei ab BTina D'ui 10t2 — nsq. ad.
D.li33; Jlurl. M8., 231. C 7fte™ ajjprar* fo ican tffwrin r»ip*rt </ 10i3, ioinj
' 1 \,tf0Te theAbtnv ««» /cuddedrfU-iln 1082).]

14 SUPPLEMENTARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE

n.— that ''she had no brother'' (i., 189, "Hist, of
Surrey"). But we know that Gundreda, as the Con-
queror's daughter, had several, and that she had been
dead thirteen years when the gift was recorded — she died
at Castle Acre in 1085. This palpable error in the
" Chronicle of Bermondsey " is made manifest by one
of the fraternity of that very house, William de Preston,
who arranged the Book of its Charters in 1363.^^ He
clearly shows that no Countess of Warenne was sister
to any Richard Guet, but on the contrary that she
was his " Lady^' under whom he held. Manning states
that the estate, under which Guet held, was of her
(the Countess of Warenne' s) inheritance. It was held,
Bays he " by the service of one knight's fee of the family
of Warenne and their descendants, as of their manor of
Ovesham in Matching, to the Lord of which it paid 100s.
upon the death of every Abbot " (Cf. " Morant's Essex,"
ii., 500; Inquis. 4, 26 Edw. III.; 9 Rich. II.; 4 Hen.
v.; 4 Hen. VL; " Newc. Repertorium," ii., 513). The
Historian of Surrey further observes (i., 205) that
Richard Guet — whose name appears also as Goet and
Goel — who gave the manor to the House of Bermondsey,
professed a monk there at the same time (Chartul. Berm.

MS.).

But another consideration appears to present itself.
Might not the genealogical confusion into which writers
seem to have drifted in respect of the name of Guet,
strengthened by the erroneous inference deduced from
the Bermondsey Chronicle with regard to Gundreda, be
traced to the family connection which manifestly did
exist between a daughter of Henry I., by one of bis
concubines, and the family of Warenne, which wo have
on the authority of Jumi^ge? This Chronicler states,
that the fourth daughter of the King married William
Goel {do). (*' Gemeticensis," 1., 8, c. 29.) Without

'7 Liber cartarnm &o per fratrem Willielmum de Preston editam et ordinatam
A.D. 1363, tempore ven. et relig viri dom, Joan de Caroloco, tunc dictae domoa
prioriSy olim penes, Bob. Trappis de London. Ezcerpta ex boo libro, Chuidiiis
Cotton. Libr.y A. Tiii, I4i Ac, &c. [Cf. Tanner's Notitiie.j

PABENTAOB OF THE COUNTESS OCNDREDA. 15

^ ag tbe authority, tlie "Annals of England" state
the same tiling, styling him, however, "Goet" (Giiet).

It is unnecessary, we think, to dwell further on the
worthless theory of Richard Guet as brother to the
Countess Gundreda. That wild supposition is quite set at
rest', as far as ahe is concerned, by an entry in the Liber
Elieosis (ii.,c. 119). It is quoted by the aforesaid writer
in tbe "Academy" to prore that William de Warenne,
the 1" Earl of Surrey, married a second wife. Whether
founded or unfounded, the entry quoted by Planchfi '* is
brought up again in the "Academy " (of 7"' April, 1883),
tho writer, in repeating which, affirms (without, how-
ever, giving the authority) that tho 2'' Countess'" was a
daughter of a William Gouet de Montmirail, a person dis-
covered, in like manner with Gherbod, in Ordericus's
Chronicle only. The statement (if a fact) would seem
to coincide and harmonize very couvenieutly with the
above "brothering" theory, leaving it open to imagine
the possibility of Guet being brother to the Countess of
Warenne of the Bermondsey Chronicle. There appears,
nevertlieleas, every possible reason to doubt the authen-
ticity of the passage in the Ely Register.^" The dis-

'• "Tbe Conqueror anil hU Compttnions,'* i., p. 13(!.

•• Qundirdn U (iBIrmed by HumB nOTBr Lo have been a Oounleaa. Againit
tliia wmrtioD it may bo Rtiil tL&t afao is onlled Cnmilissa in tbe Charta-
\uy ol Lcxea Prior;, altboDj-b a\u> died before her basbniid nns created
U Bn^l^h ErtI, and WnlaoD, in ' bia " IIoDse at Warren " (i., 6), ^aA
Dnfdale (" Bannwge," i., 73), both abow that W. de W., ber huBbaiid, waa
Sari Watreu in Xonnnniljr before bia arriral in England. The latter qaolea an old
USl, in liie Elcrnlda' Office, from wbieb it appears that Gualter de Saucto Martins
mu th« [alber ot Comte do WarcDne, who wna the rather of WilliBin, lat Earl
of VTamni and Snfey. Furthermore, on a writ ot "Qno Wnniknto," about
7 Bdw. I., John. Karl of Wnm-n and Surrey, pleaded that his anoeatora were Earta
of Warren iu Normandy, and that they were diaaeixed of tbeir landa there from
adlioritigf to tbe Kinga of Kniclaud, againat those of France. Bat tbe rank of
IfonnaD Count ia manifeat, from Domesday Book, in frhioh V/i\l'a de Warenne ie
■poken of as " Comes" under Burgas de Lewea ; " Qiniii" " CmiiiCis," " WiU's ils
Wtrvne,'' and " Will'f " oil ToforHag to bim.

liiutty, till- charter of William de Warenne in Che Leirea Re^iater, gives him the
aanio ilile:— " Wiirt Conni* H'artne."

All tUitnf cited coaca show that durios his whole life he bad ranked aa a CounI,
and rmtc yri-rf to big crealion as uu English Earl, on honoar which, he anrrired
but a rery abort time.

»• Ooplale. yba B|>i>cars to have Iw-en Iha /fr«( U) notioo tbia ptuuge in tho Ely
Bepstar, qiiilo rnpodiatea it. Ho obsBrrea : — " If tbe first iwrt of lliis story,
Btha Abbutt'a heviug that noise [tie., tin trici p/ WiUiam de tfarvnuf, ox

16 SXTPPLEMBNTAEY OBSERVATIONS ON THE

oovery of another Countess of Warenne, so soon after
Gundreda's death in child-birth, in May, 1085, and so
shortly preceding the death of W. de Warenne himself
in 1088, requires special confirmation ; especially when
we know that dying on the 23rd of June in that year,
having been only created, by William Bufus, Earl
of Surrey in the preceding year, viz., 1087, he was in-
terred in the Church of St. Pancras at Lewes Priory,
side by side with Gundreda ; whilst the epitaph, accord-
ing to the Register of the Priory, would not seem to
imply that he had married a second wife : — " Of your
oharitye praye for the sowles of William de Warrenne
and Gundrada his wife ; " a belief quite entertained by
Dugdale. Different entries, so far from alluding to two
wives, point expressly to one only.^^

From no point of view, however, can the question of
Gundreda's parentage be freed from the mystery, which
is made to surround it — in the absence of further testi-
mony, such as the Chartulary of Clugni might afford —
save by a rigid adherence to unrefuted, and (except by
a few) undisputed evidences.

The first of these, in order of importance, is the well-
known Charter of the Conqueror, giving to the monks of
St. Pancras the manor of Walton in Norfolk. It is in-
contestably clear, and sufficient to silence any doubt on
the subject. He gives it — " pro anim^ domini et ances-
soris mei Regis Edward i . . . . et pro anim^ Gulielmi
de Warenna, et uxoris su89 Gundreda9^/ia? meas^ et here-
dum suorum " (*' Intro. Domesd.," i., 607).^

The next is the Foundation Charter of Lewes Priory,
which expressly states Gundreda (its co-foundress) to
have been the Queens daughter. William de Warenne,

being carried away by the Devil a/ter his deaths] be no truer than the last, that his
* ladi/ ' sent them [the Monk$ of Ely'] one hundred shillings, I shall deem it to be a
mere fiction, in regard the lady [i.e., Qundreda] was certainly dead about three
years before."

** Iste (William de Warren) jacet in capello Lewonsi juxta d*nam Gundredam
comitiitam suam, et filiam predict! Regis Conquestoris [Ash. MS. 844, f. 32].

'^ Domina Gundreda, filia Conquestoris, et uxor Will' mi piimi, y\ partus orociata
apud Castelacre, obiit. 6 Kal. Jnnii, Anno Gratias 1085, anno 3 ante virum Baum,
jacetqne sepulta in capitulo Lewensi cum conjuge suo. — (Ashmole.)

PABESTAOE OF THE COUNTESS OnKDREDA.

founded that House in conjunction with Gundreda —
'ginal deed of gift being with the raother-community
^^ iagui — enters, in his second charter, with the greatest
poasibte minuteness and detail iuto their reasons for so
doing, and in a way which no other charter can equal.^
He unquestionably proves Queen Matilda to have been
hit wife's mother. The words can be taken in no other
aeose. They are — "pro salute dominie mess Matildis
Reginaa main's uxort's viecn" ^

Again, in the Register of the Priory, are words to
tho same effect : — " Iste (William do Waronne), primo
uon Tocabatur nisi solumraodo Willelmus de Warenna,
poetea vero processu temporis a Willelmo Rufo, filio
Regis et Conqueatoris Anglia), ciijus fiUam desponsavif,
plurimum honoratus est"^ (Cf. "Watson's Memoirs of
the House of Warren," i., 36 ; Ashmolean MS. 844,
fo. 32).

A further instance we have in another evidence of that
House (Mon. v., 14). Among the original benefactors of
the Priory of Lewes, Gundreda is named conjointly with
her brother, Henry I. of England : — " In Norfolcia (with
other possessions) Karletuna, quam dedit Matildis regina,
mater Henrici lie-jis et Gundredcn Comitissw [Ex Libro
Computorum, olim Prioratui de Lewes spectaute] (Dug-
dale).

Independent of the positive and affirmative state-
ments of these records, nothing, perhaps, proves the
thorough fallacy of the hypothesis under consideration
more than the wording of the Epitaph on Gundreda's
! coeval tomb at Lewes, still in perfect preservation, and

■" See now on p. 19, poil.

** Sm fvuc iLote, p. 9, antaa,

** The ODtire pusage, i^nng tho date of his death and plooa of mtenneat, ntaj
tw qaaled :— (From the BegisMr of Lewee Fricjry) " WiU'mns do Waremia, primm
ContM Sarrv^s, et fondUor ecoieBim LowensU, diem clanlit exlremuia S Cal.
* '" ' " ' -■•■'•" ...-■■ . - .-.^_ nndeoimo,4 Cooqaestii ""

jolit Anno G

B 1088, et faudstionU

rooalmtur niai Bolammodo Will'moB de WartMiDS, posten vero
progMQ tamporis i Will'mo Bnfo Rlio R?gia et Conqnestortg Aoglim cujiu filiam
drtponitvil, plurimum honoratnB eat, atijne Comes Samgiio factiu et appelatas
ed. Itle jitcet in capello LenotiHi juta d'n&m Oimdredam Comitiasam anam et
flllUD predlcli Regis Conqnealuria. Unrarit isto Comes Utto tempore Bagia
Vrul'mi Fiimi Conuacaioris per xx uiooa, et tempore WiU'mi Eufi Socaoili E<si«
^'— - •■ (Aahmol. Ma., (o. 32).

18 SUPPLEMENTARY OBSERVATIONS ON THE

conclusive of her aflBnity to the Duhes of Normandji
and her relationship to the Conqueror. What are we to
understand by " Stirps Qundrada Dueum " in this
Epitaph, save that of "issue" or "offspring;" and,
furthermore, of what Dukes could she be the issue but of
those of Normandy ?

Even only lately at Lewes, during the recent meeting
of the Archaeological Institute, a somewhat novel con-
struction was put on this inscription, which might well
speak for itself. Stirps Ducum was there declared to
mean " Stirps Gomitum " (z.e., Flandriae). Now we know
that although the Norman Duces were styled Comites,
some undeniable authority is required for the assertion
that the '* Comites " of Flanders were also styled
"Duces."

The incident, at any rate, shows how people with a
strong bias wrest everything to suit their purpose.

But the wording of the following passage in a letter
to us from a friend in relation to this question, very
much seems to sum up the whole matter: — " I think,
says he, " that the fallacy in the opinions of later writers
on this subject arises from the want of satisfactory
canons of criticism ; in the absence of which they weigh
the statements of different writers by a patent process
of their own, and arrive at the wrong conclusion.

Since the foregoing was partly in type, the following
forcible reasoning has been addressed to " Notes and
Queries," and is too important to be overlooked. The
strongest argument hitherto adduced, in disproof of the
new-fangled fallacy respecting the Grundreda descent,
has been brought forward in a communication to that
paper by Dr. Sykes (6th S. xi., April 18, 1885), and that
it should have remained unanswered, speaks for itself.
We allude to the first of the following paragraphs : —

"Why," says the correspondent (Dr. Sykes), (in re-
ference to King William's grant of Walton to the Monks
" Lewes), " should William the Conqueror have given a

PABESTAfJB OF THE COTTNTESS GUNDEEDA.

r for the repose of the souls of two people so distantly
related to him as De Warreaiie und G-undrada are stated
by Mr. Waters to have been? Is there another example
of the Conqueror's having bestowed a manor on the
mon«* of any other Norraan baron as iniUferent to Jtimf
Surely, allowing the ' filla: viefe' to be an interpolation,
tbo grant itself speaks the same words I"

But Dr. Sykes's observations on the further accusation
<rf forgery set up by Mr. Waters (" Notes and Queries,"
6tb S. si., 140), are not less appropriate and confirma-
tory: —

*• Mr, Chester Watera, in bis pamphlet on Gundrada do
Warrenne, charges the monks of Lewes with having forged
the Confirmation Deed of their founder; but as the original
grant was in the archives of the mother-abbey at Clugni,**
surely it is not likely the monks would have been so
stupid as to forgo a document, which, interfering as it
did (or as Mr. Watera suggests it did) with the right of
the motlier community, could have been easily shown to
be a false charter by the production of the original grant.
Even allowing the document to be forged, is not the fact
of the tradition that Gundrada was the daughter of
Matilda some proof that she was? Is it not probable
that she is so stated to be in the original grant, and that
the monks got their information on the subject from this
source ? Certainly, too, the monks would only have put
in their (forged) charter that which they believed to be
true ; and the presence of a tradition in an unchanging
community like the Priory of Lowes, even of so old date
as three hundred years, ia (to me) strong proof of its
verity."

" To what extent was the Priory of Lawes independent
of the raother-commnuity ? Was it sufficiently so to
make the crime of forgery against the interests of the
latter likthj ? I ask this, since the Lewes Priory was
threatened with destruction on several occasions as an
' alien Priory.'

A JbH orfgiiiB,! deed of gift, Kitd ila conGrmaLion by tlie Conqneror, hara been
'^■* ' ' ■ ,»o[)ftgOBwecti printed. They will bofuuud nmlor a iB]>iiraleai'licl8
1 Ihi) CImrleta of the Abbey of Clniii.

2r> nrt fustsn^ai 9

^-. . ■■•T-' 1 r

b^ fkit t/> CixtjTsi, if IK pr:xf <f

hUmUst in tu4 a f^/rysry T^

f iocill/f M th^jmAa the qmbk^ raasd ir ■ "■^jw^ ic die
lUsU^lHitUsru to the Vrifjrj, Dr. St' ' "^

(ffoof othiT than j^ramma
thfii till) /^/! in tho ^ nook of
1m Ihf'ni irnjgular upacing of the
liii If it Wiiro ?''

CAWLET THE EEGICIDE.

IBt the rev. FBEDERICK: H. ARNOLD, LL.B.

aklie 28th of May, 1882, some excavations became
' tteccsBary for laying on a water supply to the Alms-
Louse at Chichester, founded V)y William Cawley, one
of those who signed the death waiTant of Charles 1.
The vault of the chape! was then opened, in which,
according to tradition, this regicide lies buried. Happen-
ing to be present immediately afterwards, and having
been requested to communicate to the Society the cu--
cumstaoces of the re-exaraiuation^ of the remains in it,
they may bo thus briefly stated. The chamber beneath
the floor measured 12ft. by 7ft. and was about 5ft. ia
depth. Within it had been interred, apparently, three
persons only. On the right lay a skeleton having most
of the bones, especially the larger ones, in situ. On the
left was the skull, with a few bones only, of another.
Some pieces of wood and the iron handles of the coffins
which had contained these bodies were also to be seen.
In the centre was an envelope of lead, taking the general
outline of the recumbent form, and completely encasing
a skeleton, the skall being so wrapped round that its
contour was plainly apparent. There was a large hole
in this leaden covering near where the breast had rested.
By the light of a lantern, through this cavity some of the
vertebra) were visible, with the bones of the lower jaw,
and the teeth seemingly almost perfect. Fi'om the length
of this envelope, 5ft. 9in., it had evidently been made
for enclosing a person of medium stature.

■ I uae ilie word rc-exsmbation because in 1S16 thisTuilthad been prerionil^
oponnl, u aame iuhkbilnulii of tlio city remember. A preaeat inioata ot the honiD
rcculliww tho dale, and llio oircainBtiiiice of grent niimbcre of Cici^alriana going
to leo '■tliBgra»iioI the rogidde.'' It waa at this time, probablj, that the apectnro
IB til* IraJen coaa vsa made, doubtleai foe tlie pnrpoae of inrealigatiiig ita

22 CAWLEY THE REGICIDE.

None of the remains were disturbed, and afber a
thon^iigli exploration of tbe vault, the stones above
it \voiv replaced, and it was closed in again. There
aro reasons for supposing that the skeleton in the
Ci-ntro was that of the regicide, and that the others
were those of members of his family. These will be
civei) towards the conclusion of this paper, when the
oirev*nistances connected with his death and burial
eonie under consideration.

HaviusT made notes from time to time on the biography
of William Cawley, the present occasion seems aJso to
be a 5i;itaMe one for reinvestigating his career, and for
evrnvnUiT some mis-statements made respecting him
xNl'ieh aiv still currently believed in his native city.

l^f his ancestry we do not know much; but from a
lH\:ij:riv- it appears that his father, grandfather, and
jivea: c-»-dfaiher all bore the Christian name of John,
a!u; tV.at lis tamily had long resided in Chichester.
%K^l.n i\n\Un\ his father, was a wealthy brewer, who
^^^^se^s^\i large propert}" both in the Manhood and in
tb.e eitw He was evidently of considerable esteem,'
smoe lie ^^ns thrice Ma^'or — in 1590, 1601, and 1613.
l>y his wite Catherine* he had several daughters, but
apparently an only son.

* Cawlet.
I

John eawlcv.=T=MarT

• I m

TT-l

Jx hu v\\^x'.oy.=T:S<*rah, ila« 1. Elizabeth.

cf ehvhc*:oi'. nuuarru>d to 2. Margaret.

I IVtor iVx. 161S. 3. Elinor.

r- * ' 1 1 1

John e:l^^loY,=y=Cluho^ilu^ dau 1 dau. 2 dan. Elizabeth,

ob. lOil.

ob. 1626. ob. 1589.
Jane, ob. 1590.

^^ m. i^iw lov ,=T=rut liorino, Kl i^iUnh.

*'. for kUwu of f.'.L. IWkhaai. r?i.

*i»»lor,
oxilo.

Maria. AUoo. M.

Chattield. m.Stmd- m. Heather,
wicke.

1 1

Wtllinm Cuwlov John.

living Uv**l*.

'^ '^niiH of ("rtwlov woro Srtblo. n chcTix^n ermine, between three Bwans'
^j^«<Hi uivent. urnjod or.

MB htT '* as buried in the Hospital of St. Bartholomew, 1650."
refers to Cawlej's mother, whoso name was also Catherine.
y yeai*s afterwards.

CAWLET THE EEGICIDB. 23

In the Register of St. Andrew's, Chichester, is this
record of William Cawley's baptism :—

" 1602. Tbc thirde daie of November & in the yeere obovosaid
was WilHiim Cowley the sonne of John Cawley gente &
ftldermnn of the said Cittie of Chiohealer Baptized."

Of Cawley'a education nothing is recorJed. It is,
however, not improbable that he was sent to the Pre-
beodal School, where Sehlen, with whom he was after-
wards associated, had been educated. Hia father appears
to have designed hira for the law. In the workhouse at
Chichester is still preserved his portrait, on panel, takeo
by an unknown artist, having on it " An° 1620 — ^? suae
18."

The features have a boyish or rather girlish look, with
a thoaghtful expression and very dark eyes ; the head
not cropped, as perhaps in after-life, but with thick
brown and slightly curling hair. The neck is sur-
rounded by the usual laced cuff of the Caroline period,
of elaborate needlework. He has on a di-ess of light
green, braided with white. Below the waist he wears
brown breeches, under an embroidered girdle. There
are also traces of a sword belt. The most observable
point in the portrait, however, is the hand, with wrist
surrounded by an elegantly plaited cuff of lace, of the
same pattern as that of the ruff. Cawley, like Lady
Macbeth, had a little hand, and, like hers, it was imbued
with the blood of a king, the difference being, however,
that Cawley, like Brutus, helped to depose one whom he
considered a tyrant, to save his country. He might not,
therefore, have desired to resort to " the perfumes of
Arabia " to sweeten it from the stain of an act which
some deem the foulest in English history. " What was
done could not be undone," and we have nothing to lead
us to suppose that Cawley ever wished to undo the
execution of his sovereign.

His father's will — evidently that of a pious and
charitable man — -made a few years before his death,
throws considerable light ou Cawley'a subsequent pro-
ceedings. It is contained ia tive-and-a-half pages of

V ..

— Irr ^il-r. lolo. at the

■• - . • » ^

"^ ■* . -1 . " ir. ? II -ific? :be usual

j: . :---: ..i ::'\.^ :: *:e^ :« :he Parish

' . --. _.-:.r-T ".._'!i.T=r=r m rlres various

: -" : -'r....l iznii-'fs izi Ifcacies to

- - - : :- :- :.: z-f. izl zz zir Mavor of

■

— '*'.:. 7 ::? !::^T::abIe pur-
- ^ - - - - •-..:-- ii izzi.zj :: £o'>, with

• — .- ■". : .iMrr.tf :: be fc»rfeited

.. . • •.-•* ii i :i.- ".flic :: :I:e house

i V . - 1 :: zirzziz^ :o furnish

- : .:. : 7 --:•:::.=:. £.2." yer annum

• -, -. - ' : -v:.- :: i.f:7f!?5, frfe from ber

.'■■.'.- : ' ^i T'f? izzizi :o his wife

- - : "" i. izi. }.zi :: bis trustees

:::■.:::: V-ivf rs::v or an

/ r . :-: 7 :5: i.. f :: bis personalty

- - :. : : ■^. i::< fifCJ::r, and if his

. ;, . :':.i:s bis sjns-in-law

1: "b.-.i",:: •.::=: unmarried

s - ... •:^:i::r*s ;..i*.:i:b:ers abso-

! ■ ' .-. :\ ^:r-.:v :k-:, M. Heather.

r ■ - ' izi n.\ bis b-:irs forever. If

;.■■,•■ . * . :: 1::5 :br^e dauofliters as

v.v:;-. ^ :.* " " : .::5 r; ;xyrvsscV. ::: bis will, John
";. • .-.5 : .*.•.•/. ." ^:. A::ir: v's Cburch, in which

b::::. w::b bis effigy, having

^ • ■

»«\V"^ •• •

. ..i

*»M ■ •

l»rKMv i: is tl;o to:!o'.vi::j inseription : —

• .^ :.:. Caw'., y
'•\» Pan^li I'l' S' A!i.;r. w li.rioo iiiavor of lliis citv,
»* l»urir«l in tliis C'iiiuvli Mav ord, lt»21.
Kt»ii William C'nwloy was Laptizod Lore in 1G02
OlM! iio rouuiL'il the hospital of' 8- Bartholomew

CAWLEY THE REGICIDE.

^ithont tho North Gate novr nsed as the poorhoQse of this citj

1 1647 he represented this city in Parliament
ud in the disputes which arose in the reign of
King Charles he was one of those who sigmed the
'}eath warrant of that nnfortonate monarch
bpon the restoration he was excepted ont of the
Act of oblivion. Be died at Bruges in Flanders
an advanced age." ''

Soon after bis father's decease, and probably in
accordance with his benevolent ivish for the poor of
Chichester, William Cawley founded the almshouse
which bears his name, a short distance beyond the
north gate. It -was intended for the support and main-
tenance of " decayed tradesmen " of tlie city, under the
trust and direction of the llayor. The wings of the
building were finished in 1G25, as appears from a stone
inserted in one of the walls, and still to be seen, having
on it " W. C 1625." In the following year he added
the chapel, on the back of the reading-desk being carved
" W. C. 1626," surmounted by a scroll. The chapel
was dedicated to St. Bartholomew, and was "conse-
crated with great ceremony by George Carleton Bishop
of Chichester,"" according to the statement of Dallaway.
It remains almost unaltered to the present time.

With some Cicestrians a mistaken opinion still prevails
that the almshouse was built by bis father, whose Chris-
tian name was John. The initials on it — "W. C." — ■
however, prove that it was not so. This notion is trace-
able to the account of it given by Hay, the inaccurate
historian of Chichester, who endeavours to show that
because Williara Cawley, in after-years, signed the

* Ab tills roconle not only bis own doatli, bat that of his bod, it was eviilently
ndded long after bU deceuie. It osaigiia a wroug date to the year in which
William Cnwloy repreaentod ChicUeBtcr in Fttrliament (1627), and a wrong
" de«lli-placo " to the Repoide. The entrj' of John Cawloj'B interment in tbe
BegJBter of St. Andrew's is this : — " Mr. John Callcy. who had bin thrioe Moior
of thu CitlJc, buried May 3. \King Tuesday Ano. 1621." For lerifying tbo
datoa vt Cawley'g baptiBm and of his father's bocial 1 am indebted to tbe kind-
nesa of the Kev. T. D. Hopkyns.

* " R. Lib. Mngn, Decan." is bi» antbority, which I bave been onable to verify,
It ia greatly to be resetted tliat tbif r^iatera oi Biahopa Carleloo, Montagne,
l>(ippa, rtuil King, wbloli woald have thrown mucli light oa tbe history of these
timee, are miaaing from the episcopal archives. The Aol Books of tbe Dean and
Chapter from ItllS to IBliO ore lost alao. In these other ioterestiBg partionlars may
h&TB boeo recorded.

XXXIV. B

26 CAWLEY THE REGICIDE.

King's death warrant he could not, when young, have
founded the almshouse — a very illogical conclusion.
Hay first assigns its erection to his father, and then,
feeling doubtful as to this, supposes that it might have
been the work of an uncle. ^

As his father was then dead, and, as, it would appear,
he had no uncle on the father's side, this is quite un-
tenable, and from a return made during the episcopate
of Bishop Lake, .about twenty years after his own death,
we have indubitable evidence of his having been the
founder : — ** Without the north gate of the City of
Chichester is an Hospital, erected about the year 1626
for ten poor persons, designed to be called St. Bartho-
lomew's Hospital, and endowed by William Cawley,
Esquire (who also erected a decent chapel, and had it
duly consecrated). But he proving a Regicide, and then
revoking his first settlement and settling lands upon it
which he had purchased of the State, the whole revenue,
at his Majesty's happy return, reverted to the right
owners." ®

It is curious to note that, within a few years after its
erection, this building, described as " within half musket-
shot" of the walls, "was occupied by the Parliamentarian
sharpshooters when commencing the siege of the city."®

To revert, however, to Cawley's chequered career.
During the next decade of his life we find little recorded
of him. The house in which he lived in the South Pallant
is still known as Cawley Priory. It is one of the best
residences in Chichester, having grounds bounded by the
city wall, outside which the Lavant, now covered in, but
then open, flowed. In 1627, at the early age of twenty-
five, he was returned M.P. for Chichester. This Parlia-
ment of the third year of Charles I. was dissolved within
a twelvemonth.^® George Carleton, described by Wood
as a " rigid Calvinist," was then Bishop of Chichester ;

' Hay, " History of Chichester," p. 336. Ibid,, p. 374.

• S. A. C., XIII., 305. .

' At varioas times, when excavations have been made within the precincts of the
Almshoase, skeletons hare occurred, the remains of persons irregolarly interred,
perhaps of some then slain.

" In 1630 he compounded for knighthood. ** William Cawly of Chichester gent.
£14." S. A. 0., XVI., 60.

CAWLEY THE EEGICIDE. 27

Mid of Bishop King, who was appointed just before the
rebellion, it is mentioned that he also was puritanically
Eiffected, and therefore, to please the Puritans, was pro-
moted to the see. Cawlej was strongly attached to
their party, and in accordance with the tenets of Abbot
rather than of Laud, doubtless advocated the political
preaching so rife at the time. A valuable estate called
Broadlees, at Bumboldswyke, belonged to him, and to
bhe church there he presented a carved oak pulpit, on
which was inscribed — " This was done at the cost and
diarge of Master William Cawley a.d., 1636."^^ In
1640 he was elected M.P. for Midhurst,^ and sat for that
borough throughout the Long Parliament. When the
Civil War broke out he became the intimate friend of
Cromwell. As Noble informs us also, " He obtained a
Commission in the Army,"^' but did not take the field
with the more "fiery kindled spirits" of his time.

Before the threatening storm of warfare reached Sussex
it was felt in Hampshire. At the beginning of August,
1642, Col. Goring was holding Portsmouth for the King,
ind the Boyalists at Chichester were active in seeking to
aid their friends there. On the 16th a contingent from
the city was sent to help them. Counter measures were,
however, quickly taken by Cawley, since on the 24th,
Chichester declared for the Parliament, although " the
Cavaliers there continued to intrigue." " Parliament at
Dnce ordered that all Popish recusants, all who should
put in force the King's Commission of Array, or any who
should furnish horses, arms, money, &c., to the King
should be disarmed,"" and "Mr. "William Cawley," it is
mentioned, " firmly refused to listen to any Koyalist
:>vertures whatever, made to him by the Bishop and
Dlergy."^ Portsmouth capitulated on the 6th of Sep-
tember, and the surrender of Farnham and Winchester
must have further dispirited the Cavaliers. Meanwhile

'* A lane in this parish was long .known as " Cawley *s Lane." At Sidlesham
ilso. he possessed farms called Ham f^m and Cbnrch Farm.
^ 8 A«C XXXII. 88.

»» "Lives^of the English Regicides," Vol. I., p. 136(17»8).
i« Godwin, ''CitU War in Hampahire," p. 41.
» Ibid.

28 CAWLEY THE EEGICIDE.

Robert Eaton, the Mayor of Chichester, who had been
too loyal to please the Parliamentarians in the city, after
publishing the Royal Commission of Array, fled to join
the King, He was succeeded by William Bartholomew,
who did all he could for the Parliamentary cause, but a
sudden rising of the Royalists ensued. On the 22nd of
Nov., by a concerted movement, they assembled in such
numbers that they were able to seize the cannon which
he had procured from Portsmouth, take the city keys
from him, and imprison the trained bands he had intro-
duced. The next day Cawley sent up news of this sur-
prisal to Colonel Morley, then in Parliament, with the
immediate result of the two M.P.'s for Chichester (Sir
W. Morley and Christopher Lewknor) being expelled the
House, and the subsequent expedition into Sussex of Sir
William Wallep^ who, after sending a detachment against
Arundel Castle, advanced to besiege Chichester. We
have no information as to the proceedings of Cawley
himself during the siege, and it is unnecessary here to
dwell on it. The city was taken on the 29th of December,
1642, and from that time " Cawley's influence in Chi-
chester was paramount, and it was exerted steadily first
for the Parliament and then for the Protector." On the
6th of June, 1643, we find him taking the Covenant on
the same day as his fellow-Sussexian John Selden and
Oliver Cromwell himself. He was appointed by the
House as one of the Commiesioners " for demolishing
superstitious pictures and monuments in London," and
was selected to return thanks to the divines who preached
before Parliament on August 28th, 1644 — a fast-day,
** for their pains in their sermons."^*

In November following, it was feared that the King was
about to march into Sussex and Surrey, and he seems to
have returned home to oppose this. " Many thousands
were said to be taking up arms in Sussex for the Parlia-
ment. Mr. W. Cawley at Chichester, was exerting him-
self to check the aspirations of the Royalists, and at the
end of 1644 it was thought advisable to demolish many

'* At a later date he was empowered to paj to *' three able preachihgmiDistera in
Cbiohester £100 a year eaoh, oat of the eatates of the Dean and Chapter.'*

CAWLEY THE BEGICIDE.

' houses in Sussex" where there was no garrison,

nng the delinquent owners to compound."

'ug the year 1G45 a risintj occuiTedon Rooke'sHill,

(rise called the Trundle,'* above Goodwood, which

oy much trouble — that nf the Clubmen. The

f of this, as regards Susses, has been little adverted

It was an attempt to hold a middle course, a

)S3ible in violent comnaotions. Then, as now,

1 colours were displayed to distinguish different

Clubmen wore white ribbons as a badge, and

their name from being armed with clubs, flails,

soythea, and sickles fastened to long poles. The county
gentlemen and clergy headed the movement, which, ac-
cording to Locke was originated by Shaftesbury, when
a young man. The design was to forni^ a third party,
which should neither be Koyalist nor Parliamentarian,
an army without soldiers, for tbey were neither to wear
svords nor to carry firearms. The Clubmen were about
14,000 strong, and were already ready when necessary to
assemble in force in defence of their homes and granaries.
BAfusing to allow any armies to quarter within their
districts, their banner, a white sheet, bore this motto : —

■ If yrm offer to pliiiider or take our cattle,
You ninj be sure we'll give jou battle.'

The word ' plunder,' which had been introduced by
soldiers of fortune from Germany, here first appears in
our language. The Clubmen refused to submit to the
Parliament, saying, ' Our intentions are to go in a middle
way ; to preserve our persons and estates from violence
and plunder; to join with neither; and not to oppose
either side, until by the answer to our petition we see
who are the enemies of that happy peace which we really
desire.' Fairfax negotiated with them, attended some of

" Qwlwiii, p. 107.

" Till) Siiv'tx Clubmen, porLapa Collating tbe oioniple of [heir Hampshire nllica
onIIiUUblt'i)uii Down, ohoBoa rerj strong puaition for posting Ihemaeivue. iiouko'»,
or St. Uovlm'a UUl. in 708 foet above tbo sua tevel i tbe large uiroulur eiitifiDDbiuoiiC
en It iiiulaJea aa Mon of hbont Gvo nores. vrilh n deei> fossa, uid an ouioc u-ad inner
TKllmD. four feel hljih all roiuul. It woald bare been Btormed with groat diffloalt;.
Tbi* BDoiont corlbirui'k iitill remaias almost Dnaltered.

30 CABLET THE BSGICIDE.

tboir meetings, and employed some of them as pioneers,
but finally suppressed them.**"

Cromwell regarded tbem as *' malignants " and open
enemies. In August, 1645, he attacked 2,000 of them in
an old Roman camp on Hambledon Hill. His men were
at first repulsed, but were, after an hour's fighting, vic-
torious, and brought 600 arms, 400 prisoners,. 200 of
whom were wounded, to Shrawton, where they were im-
prisoned in the church. Sixty Clubmen were killed. At
the beginning of the next month it was rumoured that
tbe Clubmen of Hampshire and Sussex were coming to
the relief of Basing House, and on the 18th and 19th of
September Wm. Cawley and the Committee for Sussex re-
ported " divers outrageous proceedings of 1,000 Clubmen
at Rowkcshill," near Chichester, enclosing the warrant
issued by the Sussex Clubmen, and the declaration pub-
lished by the men of Hants, Wilts, and Dorset. Colonel
Norton was ordered to shift the quarters of the horse and
foot under Ins command from Portsmouth to Bishop's
Waltham, and to await orders from the Committee of
both kingdoms, to whom these -documents were referred.
The Committee for Hants, Sussex, and Surrey were
directed to consult " how to prevent any inconvenience
that may happen by reason of the Clubmen, and to
seciucster the estates of all recusants." On September
25th wo hear of Colonels Anthony Stapley, Morley,
Norton, and others, trying to disperse the Clubmen at
Rowkcshill without bloodshed, and three days previously
wo read : ** The Clubmen in Sussex and Hampshire
are now numerous. A party is assigned to pacify them ;
sure they have not so much to complain of as the more
westerly parts, but if by this they draw troubles upon
themselves, lot them thank themselves."

Shortly afterwards Colonel Norton with the Parlia-
mentarian horse attacked the Hampshire Clubmen, near
Winchester, and according to the " Kingdom's Weekly
Intolligenccr," "cutandhackt many of them, took all
their chiefs, ringleaders, and about 1,000 arms, which
made their neighbours in Sussex to shrink in their

" Godwin, " Civil War in Hampshire," p. 216.

CAWLET TI[E EEOICIDE. 31

EMds, and we liear most of them are departed to their
OBfn homes." Siich was the end of this Sussex rising.
It is cot mentioned whether any sermon was preached
relative to this, but at the siege of Basing, one William
Beach, " Minister of the Army there," " Togfethei- with
a word full of love and affection to the Cliibmea of
Hampshire, gave a discourse which seems little to har-
monize with this. The motto of it being Rev. xiv., 11 :
' The smoke of their torment shall ascend evermore, and
they shall have no rest day nor night, which worship the
boast and his image ; ' and the text Psalm Ixxxiij., 9 :
* Doe unto them as iinto the Midianites, as to Sisera, as
to Jabiu, at the Brooke of Kisou.' '"" This sermon was
dedicated to Mr. Nicholas Love, a friend of Cawley.

The famous Algernon Sydney was governor of Chi-
chester until the Parliament resolved to disgarriaou it,
which they did on the 2nd of March, 1640, when its
ordnance was removed to Arundel. Cawley 's position in
the city was, however, so insecure that in 1047 he waa
obliged to ask for military aid, and Sir Arthur Haslerig,
who had taken a prominent part in its capture in 1612,
was sent down to his assistance. The civil war waa
then over and the King a prisoner.*' We come now to
the most memorable period in Cawley's career, the part
be took in the trial of King Charles I. Noble says :
" He was named a commissioner in the pretended court
of justice which he attended as one of the judges on the
17th of January, 1648-9, and every subsequent day,
both in their sittings in the Painted Chamber, and in
Westminster Abbey."" The trial commenced on the
20tb, when Bradshaw, the president, in a scarlet robe
and covered by a broad-brimmed hat, placed himself in
a crimson velvet chair iu the centre of the court, with a
desk and velvet cushion before him. Say and Lisle on
each side, and the two clerks o£ the court sitting below

" Godiriii.

1 la Uolober CromwaH'a Iromiilea marchod to join Fairfax, aocl Cawley wrote to
hrlianMUt frum CbSahuKitir no tbu 2:!a<i, ooiiipluiuiDg ol tlie iliffieuRy of raiarng
local toDtJa unci rooroil* fgr Fairfax's arm;'.

" Noble, " LiToa of (bo EnffUsh Begicidea." To). I., p. 136 (1708). William
CawlB7. Ebi|.

1. I T.i'.-i. r-zri^T carpet on
zi -iije'rz-y^. The

"■»■"" —

' .-7

-^:^ --:-:7 -;:::? :r. 1:1 i i?>:'r»iing to
■ - " - "— - !::.:•-:•. ' : :*:£ : i^ir seats on

I : ^ - ^ rf -_:;i:- f-r-fz. S zssrX men —

:-''-.--- Ll_: f : T "r l^s^x cDunty),

• ^-—..i :=.. iJii "^i: TrTe-zzTT Xorton

T- -1 : r ::: IJH^irrr. C^-nrlev- who

r: -" ^-~-_ ' =1:1'" r:lT^ ::• be placed

"•-..f?-:- Lf^^^:T;^. ir 5:^:rri to have

I'. v-i-T T - 1^1: 1: iif rrii.!. and on

If :: 1: ' vi; ^i-f :;ifjr lanis and

^? :r::"i ^;:mr.:. y.zi^y next to

.:-.:- r i.nf -5 1:: =iri"::iei iziri^ these who

zzzr. ::*- -7:::^ "r i^i l:::lf r^-rorded of

. • « B • ^ .m.

riiei. observes
.-!• iie was ap-
If :aO?. uiesced in
:^fr. who made

fs TvziDle, John
:r Sussex,-* and

rifster brewer,
c::v diiriasr the

***^ X&».. ....... _.« .> ... .'.

. .. N.

■'i I" ■- - • A •• " . - ■

« ■ ■ ■ • ■"

kl &^*ViW« .*«.>^ ... ...» ^

:z :>.f vr^ir preceding
7:T?.rIs the close of

r.l Crrjixell, on the

. l.:s srn -J:::n, a Xon-

:>:".*.? c: R?rherfield,

:: Sussex." At the

" ?!. A. ».■.. .\:\ .i."
^ •■ 1 »■■ • ■ .. ...- < ' ' • " '

Villi v» V. ..»,.;>.... »,..»,....?.■.. .

C. Xl\.. lit.

S.A. C, XAXII.. :;:::•.

■ c * " ' y.T v.- 7.. ::,Tr:.:r. rr.e Parliament's

CAWLEY THE BEOICICE. ■ 33

m Cawley applied to Bishop King at
ook episcopal orders from bim." Heoon-
■field abont a year afterwards, and was
leqaently made ArcbdeaooD of LjucoIq, being thas
iostalted March 2nd, 1666-7,"

One cannot but observe the kind bebaviour of Bishop
King, who had suffered so much during his troubled
episcopate, and had been himself sequestered, and the
clemeDcy of the Government towards Cawley's son, who
was not only allowed to retain a valuable living, but was
not debarred from being appointed to an Archdeaconry.
To return to Cawley himself. At the end of 1659
General Monk'* declared in favour of the Parliament, and
afterwards entered London without opposition, on the
3rd of February, 16G0. The Long Parliament bad dis-
solved, and when the Convention Parliament met,
*' Cawley was one of the few Regicides who obtained a
Beat in it," called as it had been to smooth the return of
the Stuarts. He was elected M.P. for Chichester.
Ludlow speaks of him as an able and aitnent member
of Parliament, which is justified by his lengthened
tenure of that office.

Henceforth hia position became critical. After the
Restoration, when tbe Act of free pardon, indemnity, and
oblivion was passed by the two Houses and tbe King, as
to all treasons and political crimes committed between
tho 1st of January, 1637, and the 24th of June, 1660, it
was expressly provided that it should not pardon or give
any benefit to tlie Regicides, who are mentioned by name
and excepted as to life and property, and amongst them
occurs that of William Cawley. He was not one of

" In tbe CulendBT □! Stnte Paprrs. DomeBtJc Seriea. CLarlei II., a letter ia
nGnticiDed dated Septooibcc i'laA, )ae2, referring Ut a JcltD Canto;, wbo is chua
ipiardeillf iluteil to hnre boeu related to Iha regicide : " The Eiog to tlie Msater
wid Fallow! o[ Qneeu'B College, Camliridge recommeDda Jobe Cawlcijr B,A. *
BObolM ol ibo hoiuo to tbe neit vuHUit fellowahip thore, diipcruiFhj Jor tht
KMnutry o/' tAa naa r rilatioiuiAip 0/ Aii, with udj slatuto of tbe f aundutiou to Ilia
<mBtT%ry. (lint. Buok VI., p. 4(i.)

" Qia (liiiiglitDr livoaoie tba wife of Sir Gwlfrey Kticller, tho celebrated painter,
Tba fnmiljr of Caolu; biu lotig btwn oxiioot ia Cliiohntpr.

* (.'h«1(<7. wbri aloon bud opposed tbe projHuitiuQ to give Culouol Mouk, when ■
jiritoner m a Hny»ii*t in the Tiiwur, t, Cummiuion in the Parliamentiuy Ariaf,
doitbtleM board ol tbia with diamay.

XXXIV. F

34 • CAWLET THE BK6ICIDS.

those indicted of high treason, being one of the nineteen,
supposed to hare fled bejond sea.

To ascertain the whereabouts of the Regicides a not
unasual course was pursued. Watch was kept on the
moTements of their wives, and this was for some time
continued. In a letter written bj one Robert Johnson,
dated January 7th, 1663, it is stated that : ^^ Mrs. Caw-
ley, tchose husband is not yet discovered ^ lodges at her
brother's in Red Cross Street, and is intimate with the
wives of Ludlow, Goffe, and WTialley." But all search
was in vain. He had fled before Richard Cromwell and
Ludlow quitted England. This is evident from the
escape of Ludlow himself, of which we have a graphic
account. ** After a hazardous concealment in London,
finding everything lost, and not willing to trust himself
in the hands of Government, he took leave of his friends
and relations, and passing in a coach, at the close of the
day, through the city, over London Bridge, to St.
George's Church, in Southwark, a person waited to
present him with two horses ; mounting one, his guide
conducted him safe to Lewes, by carefully shunning the
great roads ; he passed over to Dieppe in the very vessel
which had just returned from conveying the Protector
Richard to the Continent, and hurried to Switzerland,
where he joined IF. Cawley**

According to Noble, " Cawley, in his flight, passed
through France, and strove to procure an asylum at
Geneva, but finding it impossible, he removed to
Lausanne, where the lords of Berne granted him their
protection.'* He adds the following remarks : — " His
situation in banishment must have been extremely pain-
ful, the fear of detection, the loss of all society with
those he loved, and compelled to reside in a foreign land
upon a scanty income, with the knowledge that he had
called all this upon himself, and, we must hope, sincere
sorrow for the dreadful crime which brought all this
upon him. He and some others implicated with hiui
^'vcd as if they wished to be forgotten even upon earth,

1 were spectators, as it were, of being cut off from the
d of the living. A more melancholy situation cannot

OAWLEY THR KEGICIDK.

oonoeived by the mind of man." This, however,
admits of some qualification. It is, indeed, probable
that Cawley never saw his wife and children again ; bub
be and his fiienda met with a very honourable reception
abroad,** and they appear to have resided together during
the few closing years of his life, amongst those of similar
opiuiona, and amidst some of the most beautiful scenery
in Europe. He died in IGGIi, and was buried in the fine
old cliurch of St. ilartin, at Vevey, in the Canton de
Vaud, in which Love and Ludlow, who long survived
liim, were also interred. This ia evident from an ac-
count in "Notes and Queries," which is here quoted in
cxienso : — " lu July, 1876, a stranger visited Vevoy, and
said that it was traditionally i-eported in his family that
one of his ancestry (a regicide) was buried iu the above
church of St. Martin, but it was either Love or Cawley.
However, he only enquired after one. The church
authorities obligingly permitted a search, and after a
minute examination, under the boarded floor of a dark
niche a lettered stone was discovered intruding. Of
this slab nothing could be made out except Ta and Ar,
the evident commencement of two lines, A removal of
the pews and the flooring, however, not only brought to
light the above protruding stone, but led to the discovery
of another monument. In fact it was placed beyond
doubt that St. Martin's Church was the burial-place not
only of Broughton and Ludlow,^' but also of Love and
Cawley. The Bev. W. F. Prior, the much-esteemed

" It ii inpnliiMieil that " tlie Connoil of Berne received Ladlow, Love, and
Brrngbton witb himour ; 1)ib TreMnrer and aniue of Che Coancil dined irith tbetn,
MWUDpAuleil them (■> cburah, »□<! miuletbem a present of nine.''

•> "Holes iLud QBtrrieB," VoL VI., p. 13, At p. 75 of the Bsme vol. the late Mr, W,
Dillin Las a UDt« on the BUbjaet, in which he obnervee : " Although there wero atrong
groimds feu: tielieTing that a Email ooniDimiitj of reKioidaa resided at Verej, do
raeonl at the laat, aor iDutmiuento, eicepC that to Ludlow, could be found there ;
■od it wan iKit antlt thig century that the graTea of Nicholas Love and William
Oawla* have been added to the namber. . . . There hualwayseiisted a tradition
*t Cblobcatcr, and iu the neigh boorhood where Cawlef held lande, that bis body
had bwn reniovud aud bronght to the City of bii birth." Ur Uiike tlien advertB
to tlie oaamination of the vault at the begiiiniag of tho prcwut oontury, awl
add>, " it ie fair to anppOBo the tnidil.ion is norreol, and tb»t !ii» reiuaina dow lie
ittthoplaca deneribe.!.^ The Bor W. P. Pfior. who Tb etill at Vevey. infomw
■" "'"fc to tljH lieat of Mb reoolleotioo the name on the Kranjatoiu- waa Bpdt
IT,' probably troDi bad carving, ainl that on one of tho *tonos woa tho
' a amiill ship.

CAWLEY THE REGICIDE. 37

afterwards James II., who also, after various vicissi-
tudes, died in exile. Cawley left a son, William, who
in 1660 " petitioned for himself and wife to have the
estate of his father restored to him, on the grounds that
most of it had been settled on him at his marriage, and
that his wife's father had been sequestered for his loyalty
and himself threatened with disinheritance because with
tears in his eyes and prayers he had attempted to dis-
suade his father from entering the damnable plot — the
King's trial."

In 1663 the estate was sold to Lord William Brounker
for £2,100. During the reign of Charles II. the Alms-
house was acquired by the Mayor and Corporation of
Chichester. In 1083 we find them still seized of it in
fee, and in 1753 it was settled by them on the Chichester
Incorporation "for the habitation and employment of
the poor of the city."^

** The following extract from an Act Anno vicesiino sexto Oeorgti IT., for the
better relief and employment of the Poor, &c., within the city of Chichester, gives
foil particalars of the nltimate settlement of Cawlej's Almshouse : —

** Whereas the Eight Reverend Henry King, heretofore Lord Bishop of Chiches-
ter, and the Right Reverend Peter Gunning, heretofore likewise Lord Bishop of
the same, did each of them pay unto the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the
City of Chichester the sum of one hundred pounds, to be by them employed in
providing a Workhouse or Manufactory to set the poor of the said City to work, or
in case that could not be made practicable, to be employed in some other like
charitable use for the poor, as the said Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen should
direct and appoint ; and as a further addition to it, the said Mayor, Aldermen,
and Citizens, by Indenture dated on or about the Twenty-first day of September,
one thousand six hundred and eighty -one, did settle and convey the House with-
out the North Gate of the said City, called Cawloy's Almshouse (of which the said
Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens were then seized in fee), to be for ever thereafter
used as a Workhouse for the poor, and by the said Indenture did also further
convey two fields adjoining to the road leading from Dell-Hole to the Broyle, near
the said City, through which the City Conduit-pipe runs, to Trustees therein
named, to hold to them and their heirs, upon condition, that they should levy a
fine before the next Easter Term then to come, which fine should enure to the
nse of the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the said City, and their suc-
cessors for ever, upon special trust and confidence, that they the said Mayor,
Aldermen, and Citizens should apply the rents and profits of the said Fields to-
wards repairing and maintaining the said House called Cawley's Almshouse ;
and if there should be any surplus thereof, to apply the same towards establishing
a Manufactory to set the poor at work ; and in case that could not be made prac-
ticable, then to be employed to some other such-like chantable use for the poor, as
the said Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen should direct or appoint.

*'And whereas the said Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of the said City are
desirous that the said House, called Cawley's Almshouse, shall be used as a
Workhouse for the poor, within the district hereby united, and also that the rents,
issnes, and profits of the two Fields, or the monies arising by mortgage or sale
thereof may be applied to the purposes of this Act ; be it therefore enacted by the

■Hr t.

^^^

~JU j.<

TT"

'-T- V

SUSSEX DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN ITS
ElMBLER ASPECTS.

Bt J. LEWIS ANDRE, Esq.

Tbe interesting features of the nobler examples of
domestic architecture in Sussex have been somewhat
exhausiively described in tlie preceding volumes of tbe
"Sussex Archseological Collections," the works of the
county hiatorianBj and other writings ; but there are many
secular buildings which are not of sufficient importance
to warrant individual description, but, takeu collectively,
possess points of interest of a high order. The present
paper is intended to supply a few notes on the humbler
phases of the domestic architecture of our ancestors in
this county. There is one feature which appears to
the writer to give a special value to the remains of the
dwellings of the middle and lower classes, and it is this,
that whilst the art seen in the mansions of the nobility
is much of it of foreign origin and execution, that exhibited
in old farm and town houses must have been of purely
English conception, and worked out by English hands.

Building construction in most wood-covered lands
appeal's to have followed the same course. At first,
when timber is plentiful, the erections are more or less
entirely formed of it ; when it becomes scarcer, stone
and brick supply its place. This holds good in the
forest districts of Englaud in early times, and may be
seen in operation in Canada at the present day. Thus,
in London and other cities in Ontario, where the land
has been extensively cleared, brick houses are gradually
talcing the places of wooden-framed ones, whilst at
Quebec, round which timber still abounds, the dwellings
oontiuue to be built with walls of solid planka laid one
r another.

n-' : :-r:«~ : :=.ri :: i5s:-c:ate Roman

"ill be surprised

— .*

- ■_.:- • :i-r' :i tif -fslibier Roman
: - r: -iiv-^ r— n :: L.vf b~n of stone

'..J: > -:r i.i>frr.:- iiubtless well-
-:^- >r-^.-L^;i:i>iir:: England,"

• r-.r. "Lr f'l "_r/_e lir timber was
T- : :~.- 1 : ff-: :. Llt" I:=:rs::c buildings

- :r ^^ "ir t-Z'i::.'^ iz ^zcd increased,
. : 1 1" :j: : : ■ -•, i^ "^ell as brick,

.: . ■ . :^ "TJi^iKZ'Zr'LziirL siructures have

: : .. --.!-. -7 iij^sfs" is often of

-. . ■ 7- : 11 ii:::^f :izl cellar walls

.> . ' - . : t:.:'i ~:.? 1^:1 a sill of wood

. . : - i: :. ::? :r -Triy:.-.?, t'liese latter

.-. .f :._ ! "i.. --.:~^ :: :if rojf. Some-

■ •: :■.;-::":■: -V ":?'_: :-.: others the

, . : • -: '. -:-5 :':.1~L a " 'u::v/'- The

: >:. : " v.t:? " r:f ::mri of wattles

-._-:•. in:-: -^.ir-I cl'.v or loam

... >:• " "."_>. .- :_f r^sitrii counties,

VL.: -. ■-> :■- :--: S-iriAje. and called

.- f::.- /.:■£< u:: larr-ear to have

A: :: - z7 :-jiiS '.-ir r-i::els formed

;--, r. ■:•:. :v. " ::_ Irijk l:iid flat, or

.. -c ?:::'x- •^-Iri: :: vreu: entirely
;■ -i:\:'.; :;s:s ^e.e c.:: to a curve
.:'..;;•.: .iv.,: .:£::rA:c'.:. There is a
5:::.: cX-;u:y!-: .i: ':'-.:• :::1:. V.:: :l:r English specimens
are ^-e-r::-!".- izu.^l: : '..v.-ii:' i.-.i:: :l::se :o oe met with on

■ ■ ^k • • * ■ » »M ■ «■ ^» » *
•-* ■ • ^

ZiCrn.-, Ill .1 r - . ? ' ■." r .. '. ' ' -■.■'..

A": -\[;:I.-r5: ::« a 1 .!:-: :::" . ■.■\ I L :«;. :'.-.: ::'T.z'..'. 3 ?".# l-e;:._- sovon inches
, 'h*:i-.- :. ■.sL.j. :« ■.::..-•. .:..:■: '. ..^•- :. . :' . : . -c : :....>: e.ir.y ":::\.f tbo con-
lior. i? <■: v... . i. A .: v ; t\.w: .^ . : :„.- ! r, .: ^--.- :.i l.-::.'kw :k ir shuwn ftt
>aii.::i.v'r !...'^s..' a: Pv:-.v ::.., c:.,-: i-v-. i ::. • m:--. A:v-. C ...." Vj!. XIV., p. 1*0.
ttcr i.-! nt L:i.'l*:f:l 1. ::•. ir :::■' cr:.i:vh. Oc^i-ri '::i'.iy i".:..^ lower st'.»rer wad of
Dry, the upper half-iimbc*rt-d.

» ■ •

. -V

«>■•-_.

h« » -h

^m ao»«% »"«^"'' "^ ,. «, to timber.

tch course or bed « «;-*;-*'" Tfr^e

Judges of tbo o« -r'iSpSi'"^,'"-

42 SUSSEX DOMESTIC ABOHITECTURE.

Many small houses built of the local sandstoDe remain,
•with the doorways and window-frames formed in the
same material. There are good ones at Tillington and
at Coates, the latter having the quoins, string courses,
and window labels of brick. Chalk was also used as a
building material from early times in Sussex, and there
is a contract in existence for the erection of a hall at
Hamsey dated 1320 (14th Ed. II.); this binds John
Rengwyne, of Wogham, to make four walls of stone and
chalk for the above. The old house called Nineveh,
Arundel, was of chalk faced with flint. " All the ex-
isting remains of Lewes IViory are of chalk. Parham
House is built of the same material, and faced only
with stone." (" Suss. Arch. Coll.," Vol. XX., p. 187.)

The healing, or roof covering, deserves especial
notice, from the extensive employment of the local
stone slabs called ^^ Horsham slates." Besides these,
oak shingles and tiles were common, but the former
seem to have been in disrepute from an early date, and
are now only used in England for the timber spires of
churches ; in Canada they form the commonest roof
covering, each shingle being two feet long by six inches
wide, fixed by a single pin, and rendered incombustible
by dipping in a chemical preparation.* The beautiful
grey tint of the stone roofing makes an artist regret
that its use should have been almost entirely abandoned
from the great weight of the material. The slabs were
laid in graduated courses, diminishing in size from the
eaves to the top, or ridge, as was customary with early
slating, a good specimen of which exists at Chelsea
Hospital. •

Numerous old roofs have had their barge-boards
removed from having become decayed, and considering
the delicacy of some of the traceried work, it is wonder-

^ The Great Hall at Battle Abbev was originallj covered with Bhingles. — *' Sass.
Arch. Coll.," Vol. IV., p. 266.

Letters patent of Edward II., a.d. 1314, directed that certain houses and
castles should have their roofs of shingles replaced by slates, stone, or earthen
tiles. — •* Domestic Architecture of England,'* Vol. II., p. 8.

* At Hastings, in 1618, thatched roofs were prohibited in the town, and all houses
ordered to be " ceiled with tile, stone, or slatt."— " Snss. Arch. Coll.," Vol. XIV.,
p. 106.

■ SUSSEX roMESTic ahohitectuhe. 43

Till that they have lasted so long; it ia, perhaps, un-
necessary to say that the oldest were simply stout
boards cusped, or foliated, at the edges ; in the later
Gothic style they were oroamented with tracery more or
less intricate, and occasionally of lace-liko fragility. In
the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods the style of
decoration changed, and the barge-boards were covered
with sunk scroll arabesque work, or cut to a fanciful
outline; others, however, had the edges continuously
moulded, and the classic dental applied within. The
hip knobs were generally mere pendants, and did not
rise above the ridges as finials.'

When the gables were cut back (or hipped) or
cropped, the apices were not terminated by a wooden
finial, as in modern work, but the hip rafters were
tenoned into the nearest common or spanning ones, at
a little below the point where tbey met at the ridge, so
as to be constructionally stronger. Internally, the
rafters were occasionally carried by collars and Icon
ties, with curved braces — the whole similar to church
roofs in their composition ; such a roofing may be seen
at Broomhall, Warnham. A picturesque effect ia pro-
duced when a hipped roof is carried down as a lean-to
over a one-storied projection.

Frequently in country houses the chimneys formed
projections at either end, and the shafts of brick stood
quite apart from the walls, the lower portions, often of
masonry, forming a chimney-corner, lighted by one or
more small windows, and diminishing in size by means
of weatherings to the stacks ; these slopes are f ix-quently
finished on the outer edge by a series of brick stepped
gables, of which there are excellent examples at
Ewhurst, Thakehara, and other places — they are, indeed,
so common that they have been termed " Sussex chim-
neys." " There is a beautiful specimen at Moor Farm,
Petwortb, with two lofty shafts, having angle pilasters of

* Thore ia an GXtTEuiotj prctt? combinntioD of barge boanls and hip knob at n
■mAll lianseaC Seal, Kent; the whole (ormint; nn elegant Jncobean Dicbe.

■ 'Die moal pleiuiiig lorni fit cliimneyalibfl is wlieii coiuiatmg ot throo ports :
1, til* baso i 2, lU« abkft 1 3, the Oftp, An excellecL ItDaemoold ia at Boat UbsIiiiII'b,

44 SUSSEX DOMESTIC AECHITECTURE.

an elegant design. Often the chimneys rise in a mass in
the centre of the building, and are carried up to a con-
siderable height above the roof ; there are good ones at
East Street, Horsham. Commonly the heads ended in a
series of slightly projecting courses of an endless variety
of design, the whole terminated by a cylindrical cap of
brick plastered, and forming a substitute for a chimney-
pot. Sometimes the shaft was worked in panels, as at
Standing Farm, Horsham. A fine twisted and moulded
one was destroyed a few years back at the same town ;
its loss is the more to be regretted as, compared with
the eastern counties, they are rare in Sussex. Pretty
octagonal stone ones exist at Bodiam Castle, where the
fireplaces are backed inside with tiles laid herring-bone
fashion, as may be seen also at Slaugham Place.

Considering that a porch is now an almost universal
addition to a country house, examples of any age are
comparatively rare ; two storied ones exist at Tilling-
ton and East Maskells, also at Stopham Manor House,
but often a simple lean-to hood supplied their place.
The doorways in half-timbered work made parts of the
construction, the posts helping to carry the chamber
storey. They are in general simply moulded oblong
openings ; good ones exist at Dedisham, Slinfold, and
Fittle worth, others of stone, with plainly chamfered
arched heads, are at Tillingtou and Coates.

Doors both external and internal were generally what
are known as ledged ones, that is, composed of three or
four horizontal pieces, covered with boards (instead of
being framed in panels as in modern work). These
claddings, as they are termed, were often of two thick-
nesses, thus giving scope for mouldings on the stouter
ones ; at other times the covering was of one thickness,
the joints of the boards being concealed by fillets fixed
on with large ornamental headed screws or nails.

The heights of old rooms being generally much less

than those of the present day, the window-ways were

'h wider in proportion to their height than now, the

9 were formed into groups of from two to seven

iDgs, divided from each other by slight square

jSneiDourn J. riorp. JYorih jS^Jiarsiam.

SUSSEX DOMESTEO AECHITECTUEE. 45

muUions of wood, rebated for load casements, the edges
being roll moulded. The effect of a long row of these
windows is often very pleasing and picturesque ; occa-
sionally the more modern wooden sashes slide in
grooves, as do also the shutters. Many of the lead
lights in each series were fixed, whilst those which
opened were protected by upright bars of iron, even in
the chamber storeys. When the undoubted improvement
of hung sashes came into use, they were at first placed
in solid frames, hollowed out sufficiently to allow of the
lines and weights working. There is an example of this
at West Grinstead, in a house built by the Carills in the
17th century.*

The leaden lights in pantries and larders were occa-
sionally cast in pretty pierced patterns for ventilation ;
there is a good set in a house in North Street, Horsham.^^

One of the most pleasing features in the old farm and
town houses was the oriel window ; this was often of
delicate design, projecting but a few inches from the
face of the wall, and carried on moulded brackets or
trusses ; good examples exist at a house in the Cause-
way, Horsham ; at Fittleworth, and Hardham.

Shutters were generally lodged like doors, and hung

* In the last century, as late as 1773, casements seem to have been the nsoal
window fittings. Dr. Johnson, in his ** Tour in the Hebrides,'* says : " The art of
joining squares of glass with lead is little used in Scotland. The frames of their
windows are all of wood ; they are more frugal of their glass than the English,
and will, in houses not otherwise mean, compose a square of glass of two pieces,
not joining like cracked glass, but with one edge laid perhaps half an inch over
the other. Their windows do not move upon hinges, but are pushed up and down
in gloves, yet they are seldom accommodated with weights and pullies. He
that would have the window open must hold it with his hand, unless, what may
be found among good contrivers, there be a nail which he may stick into a hole to
keep it from falling."— •* Johnson's Works," Vol. VIII., p. 231, ed. 1792.

In Canada the absence of hung sashes is common, and Dr. Johnson's hole and
nail contrivance of frequent occurrence. The want of lines and weights nmy
have led to the French term, for our hung sashes, of ** Guillotine windows.*'

*• Formerly, lead was used in many ornamental ways— rain-water heads were
formed of it, with the d<ite of the erection or initials of the builder ; the Manor
House, Horsham, has a good 18th century one. Statnes were composed of this
metal, one of which at Bungay, Snffolk, represented Astrea, and weighed
eighteen hundredweights. At Carahalton, Surrey, some fine gates have on the
side piers statues of Diana, and Actcon and his dogs ; and at Petersham House,
in the same county, a series of heads in oval recesses gives a pleasing appearance
to an otherwise uninteresting facade. Chichester has a remarkable shop front at
a plumber s, having a leaden panel about eight feet long, dated 1728, and
bearing figures of double-tailed mermaids, and soldering irons, Soe,, in saltire.

46 StJSSBX DOMESTIC AMHITEOTUEE.

at the jambs (or sides) of the openings. External stair-
cases have become rare, but may still be met with occa-
sionally, one is at Friday Street, Rusper, another near
" The King's Farm," Roffey.

Having noticed the various external features common
to country and village dwellings, a few words may be
written on the special characteristics of farm-houses.
In most cases they were placed at some distance from
the roads in front of them, say about eighty or one
hundred feet back, the spaces so formed being usually
plots of green sward, bounded on three sides by hedges
or walls, the tenements forming the fourth ; frequently
these enclosures were sub-divided by cross fences at
about twenty feet from the houses, and appropriated as
flower gardens, in which may still be found many old
plants despised by modern florists, such as the pretty
pink-blossomed " Daphne," whose flowers appear before
the leaves in early February ; the large-leaved ** Meda-
lina," like the Hyacinth in its spikes of bloom, but un-
like the cultivated plant sending up the same vigorous
heads of flowers year after year. Here also flourish the
"Michaelmas Silver" and the " Coton Aster," recalling
to mind the banks and hill-sides of Pennsylvania and
Ontario, where they grow in wild luxuriance, and from
whence, mayhap, they were transplanted by the 17th
century voyagers to adorn their English homes.

In the centre of the front walls were paled gates,
flanked on one side at least by a holly or yew tree ; the
latter often cut into fantastic shapes, such as hens and
coops, or divers birds, vases, or pyramids, or perchance
formed into entrance arches ; occasionally there was a
tall poplar, which placed here must have been intended
as a beacon to direct the homeward steps of the yeoman
and his labourers across the farm lands. By the side of
each gate was a bundle of twigs, made into a huge
broom, with a short handle, and which served as a
scraper to the boots and shoes of those entering from
the proverbially muddy roads and paths of the county.
The footway from the road to the house was paved with
ripple-marked sandstone flags, and occasionally the

SUSSEX rOMESTIC AfiCHITECTUEE. 47

boundary walla were formed of large upright slabs,
clamped together with iron straps.

A moat often surrounded farm-Iiouses; sometimes two
or more were moated in a single parish, and thia was the
case even when the dwellings were of small importance.-'

Fish-ponds, or stews, were also frequently attached to
the farmstead, The water supply was often obtained
from wells in dangerous proximity to the " offices,"
which latter had generally a holly or yew growing near
them, both for purposes of concealment, and because it
was considered that these evergreens possessed anti-
septic properties.'"

The simplest form of house, and a very common one,
was a parallelogram, having a middle portion devoted to
the chimney corner in the centre of it, flanked on one
side by the entrance lobby, on the other by the stall's
winding round the chimney, and closed in at the bottom
by a door.

A Tery common arrangement of this oblong plan was
to have two slightly projecting rooms at the ends, and
the intervening space arched over in the chamber storey
with curved braces, carrying the wall plates of the roofs,
which then ran from end to end, the central parts being
thus protected from the wet or sun by a kind of veran-
dah. Many small farm-houses resemble the letter L in
plan, the chimneys being placed at the junction of the two
arms. When tlie quadrangular form was chosen the
dwelling was often dignified by the name of "Hall,"
though the courtyard may have been of the smallest
dimensions, as at Broomhall, Warnham; and "The
Hall," Rotiierfield. Occasionally the house was placed
at right angles to the road, a position now abandoned,
but which gave more privacy to the inmates than the
one in use of making it face the public thoroughfare.
In many cases modern additions have been placed in
front of the old work, entirely concealing the original
features, as at Stone Farm, Warnham.

u Al Beippr Cutlu, Koiit, t)ie niuut m aaid lo hare boen a double oue.
f P«rba()a thia upinion ninj, iu aonie caaes, bave led to the preaonce of jawa in
ehiirehjiirils i Ihej iiro naoally aontli of the charoh, wiicro bnriula were tho imwt

48 SUSSEX DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE.

The farm buildings stood most frequently on the left
hand, as one looks from the road, and this quite
irrespective of the position of the house as regards the
points of the compass; thus, in farmsteads facing a
thoroughfare leading north and south, the yards and
bams would be north or south, so as to be on the left
hand of the dwelling. The bams were often raised on
stone foundations, and with the roofs hipped or crop-
gabled, the fondness of our ancestors for this kind of
roof being very marked. Threshing with the flail is
still carried on in many districts, not that the farmers
despise the superior excellency of steam machinery, but
because the practice keeps their labourers employed
during the slack time of the year. Sometimes the farm
buildings and house formed three sides of a square, the
fourth being a high wall, in this resembling a favourite
French arrangement. There is a good old example near
Pulborough.

In country houses and farms of any size the dove-
cot was an important feature, and formed a separate
erection. A good pigeon house remains at Berwick,
and has been engraved in " Suss. Arch. Coll.," Vol. VII.,
p. 233,^^ and a quaint wooden one is at Burton Mill,
near Pet worth.

The farm-house interior comprised the spacious stone-
flagged kitchen (often over capacious cellarage), the living
room, and the scullery and dairy — the two former
apartments generally with huge chimney corners, whose
flues were often open to the sky, or else covered in by an
inner hood, as at " The Noah's Ark," Lurgashall. In
these corners were seats fixed to the end walls, or settles
with high backs ; cupboards, or ovens, were sometimes
formed in these recesses, and a place for drying bacon.**

" Near Paxhill, at " Trimmen's, the ancient seat of the family of Wjatt, there
is a curious specimen of an old dove-cot. It is a square building, and falling to
decay, but in the internal walls there are no less than seven hundred cells built of
brick, ranged in tiers. But this is nothing to one which belonged to the Priory of
Lewes, which was a cruciform building looking very much like a church, and
having no less than 2,500 cells for pigeons." " iSuss. Arch. Coll.,*' Vol. XI., p. 5.

There is a fine circular brick dove-cote with conical roof at Rochford Hall,
Essex, and an interesting one of the same shape at Hurley Priory, Berks.

^* These ovens were often formed in tile work, built over wooden cores or
frames, which were burnt away at the finishing of the work ; beautifully formed

JJoor-cas e. «/ "0-i/-i h^m'

JX~0-M.^^

SUSSEX DOMKSTIC AECHITECTDBE. 49

The fire of wood burned on a slightly raised hearth of
tiles or stone, behind which ivaa the fire-back to throw
out the heat,"^' the fuel rested on cob or andirons, the
former appealing to have been the simple wrought-iron
supports for kitchen use, and provided with an open
rack at the top of the standards to hold the fire-irons,
they have also hooks for the spits to rest upon; the
andirons were for the living and bettermost rooms, and
of solid cast-iron in endless variety of design.'"

Over the kitchen fire-place were two ornamentally-cut
brackets, SLTving to hold the spits when not in use. There
are good specimens at Stone Farm, Warnhara, and at an
WiDii at Mockfords, Henfield.

I Chimney-pieces were often extremely simple, the
■iddest ones consisting of plainly chamfered or moulded
Krched heads; a good medieval one is figured in " Suss.
■irch. Coll.," Vol. VII., p. 127, and is at the Plough Inn,
BBeaford. These early chimney-pieces had no mantle, or
^mily a plain wooden shelf, over and independent of the
ftest. There was, till recently, at the Norfolk Arms,
BRoffey, a good Jacobean example with coats of arms in
fthe Bpandrils, the design being partly Gothic, partly
Hplassic; there are two similar in character at East
RMaskells. Wooden chimney-pieces, the mouldings of
which cautiuuc all round the fire-place opening, were
often of bold and effective character; there is a good
sweep of mouldings to an early 1 8th century one at Roffey
Place, the ancient seat of the Copley family. A chimney-
piece having painted Scriptural scenes, and of ElizabetEian
4ate, is said to exist at Uckfield, and a beautiful one,
■dated 1580, is at Moor Farm, Petworth.

^■fatmlar orctis fur con feet ion nrj. so oongtmctecl. ora to bo seen in. tba muia ot
Hp*ngbaro Plore. In auine lui^c Iioiuuh. ilii: spaou oinr tbo Gre-place trae derolei]
Ho the {ormoliuii of h Becret cbuniber. Ac West QnusteHd was oue 80 locutod, ood
HuiUireil bf uieaDs of L]j« elielvoe in on Biljoitiiiig cupbuarU boiDg used na ataira ; Iba
^mU mo bvhiad tbo Siua in Ilie iilopi) ol Ibe roof, nnd tbo ceiling, blaokened by
BjWiidlo Kinoke, would indic&te tbat the ApbrtmeuC bod been ocoapisd by Bome
EinfaeM.

■ ** Tbew fire-backs wero oooruionnlljr of great nuigbt and tiio, and vary tram
tjWw rodMl kind of (imomenlatioQ to tbat of graal beam; and dcllcaieriQiB uf
BWBMptloD I aomeumei Umy biiBrDiiiiiiinieiitaJ iaacnptions. Notiota of iLeae ulab*
U» giTM in ■' Sau. Aroh. (.bll.," Vol. U. anil XXUI., with illualnaiunH.

WP ** AndlCOMikSuieiiClji B|)elt andinie, /luntli/niru, hauadymns, iia. TUoy kreofMu
BBntionod in old uilli.

■ XXXIV. H

50 SUSSEX DOMESTIC ABCHITECTURE.

In many old houses in town and country, the stairs
were, as before observed, carried up round the back of
the chimney-corner, or between two partitions; the
earliest staircases proper had massive carriages to which
solid triangular steps were aflBxed. " When this feature
became of more importance, it was constructed in the
modern manner, but the flights were composed of a
fewer number of steps, and had more numerous landings
than at present, and from which the upper flights
branched off in many cases at right angles ; the treads
were often narrow, there being frequently a dangerous
combination of winders ; a low gate was occasionally
placed across the bottom of the staircase to prevent
dogs from ascending, as at Amberley Castle ; in other
cases there was a trap-door closing up the headway and
hinged to the chamber floor, where it was secured by
bolts, so that no burglar could gain the upper storey ;
examples of this are at East Maskells, Lindfield ; and
Broadhurst, Horsted Keynes; in the same neighbourhood.

When the walls were plastered inside, the coat was
much thinner than at present, and so mixed with hair,
that it is more like a layer of felting. At Cowdray
House the plaster work is only ^-inch in thickness. ^®

Much old panelling exists in farm and town houses,
often hidden under the wretchedest lath and plaster
work, and papering; the oldest panels are oblong in
shape, and have the linen-fold or a peculiar waved
pattern, hardly to be described. There is, or was till
lately, a finely panelled room at Roffey Place, the work
having been taken from an earlier house than the
present, the panels of linen-fold character set on
moulded frames, the angles of which were slightly
rounded. After the Gothic style had died out, the

17 An example existed till lately at Broomhall. A farm-house at Tower Hill,
Horsham, has a staircase of bolder design than osnal ; it is placed in the centre of
the hall, from which it rises one flight, whence it branches off right and left to the
chamber floor. A good newel, and mullion-like balusters, remain in the Priorj
buildings at Linchmere ; thej are of Elizabethan date. The fine staircase formerly
at Slaugham is engraved in " Sass. Arch. Ck)ll.," Vol. X.

1* The plastering of partitions was anciently called " seeling.''
" A partycion thereyn seeled w' lyme and here/' — From ** Abstract temp. Her
VUL"

J\iuelim iit .nvr-ihani.

^:a

■ *- \ S^ Cs Shitrciitmn at) ,Si

C ^t-MMittnt^ at ) ^S/titfolii..

SUSSEX DOMESTIC AEflirTECTtTBE. 51

pRTiels became square in shape, and generally quite
plain, enclosed in fratDing, the mouldings of which were
not at first continued entirely round without a break,
but the upritrht pieces had plain flat surfaces at their
junctions with the horizontal ones. Old panels in both
wall panelling and furniture, were fixed to the framing
round them in a different manner to that employed ab
present, as they had the back surface sloped or
" feathered " off at the edges and sunk in grooves in the
frames; modern ones have a square sinking all round
the edges, instead of the feathering. "Where an apartment
was panelled, it reached from floor to ceiling, except a
line of narrow panels forming the cornice in which were
arabesques or heads, flowers or foliage, as may be seen
at Roffey, and Chesworth, Horsham. The cornice was in
some early work wrought out of the constructional
framing. At a farm in Warnham is a cornice of this
kind, with good roll and battlement monldiugs, though
the house was always of the humblest class.

The earliest panel work formed also part of the con-
struction. It afterwards was " applied" to the walls, and
as a tenant's fixture became an item of bequest in wills.

The inner doors were very similar to the outer ones in
construction. They were set in solid cases, which were
sometimes elaborately carved and moulded, as at Rother-
field. The hinges were in the shape of the letter H,
with the ends more or less of an ornamental character.
There are two quaint " dumb porters" for keeping doors
open at the Lewes Museum, formed of stone. In a
great number of houses there were no plaster ceilings
to the lower storey, but the rafters were exposed, wrought
and chamfered; and, where the span required, tenoned
into girders of large bulk. The appearance of these
stop-chamfered beams is infinitely preferable to the
white-washed simplicity of a modern ceiling, even if
enriched with a plaster "centre ornament."*

■> OocBBCmall; a aimplo annk anuuDeatation mu; bo mot with lu itiaoio&da or
other Bgurea.

" The iiliivr flopTB had tlie boatds raDDiog par&Ue! with the joiata, not at ri^ht
•nelci to tbem br now, but let into gqniiro huuIc grooves, the joisu tbemselrca thus
tomung put of the floor of the ohoiuber storey.

52 SUSSEX DOMESTIC AECHITECTTJRE.

Much of what has been written above concerning
farm-houses will apply to those of towns. The height
of the rooms and the number of storeys are occasionally
greater, but the dwellings in general comprised only a
low, ground storey and a chamber floor partially in the
roof. Thus Horsham, till within the last few years,
consisted chiefly of such houses, covered with single
span roofs, continuing in an unbroken line the whole
length of the streets, and healed with the local Stararaer-
ham stone. The foundations were of rough masonry, as
also the cellar walls ; the superstructures of half-timber
or brick nog ; the party walls often only of lath and
plaster. Nearly every town and village contains
excellent examples, so that it is needless to mention any
in particular. Lewes possesses several of the mansion-
like residences of the more opulent townspeople. Cause-
way House, Horsham, and that formerly belonging to the
Dawtrey family at Petworth, are erections superior to
the generality. There is also a house at the junction of
two streets at Midhurst, which, although of no great
antiquity, has a remarkably picturesque combination of
a chimney shaft and two oriel windows.

The wrought iron work of the last century has left us
some beautiful specimens of the art of forging. There
are two at Lindfield ; one the entrance gate to a small
house, which has a crest cleverly worked in amongst
scroll work and foliage ; the other, the bracket support-
ing the sign of " The Tiger " Inn.

The numerous sales by auction during the last few
years have dispersed much of the quaint old furniture
which had, in many cases, been in situ for many
generations, and instances of farm-houses containing it
perfect are becoming rarer and rarer. At Dedisham,
JSlinfold, formerly the residence of the Tregoz family,
there were till recently all the old fittings and furniture
remaining. The most prominent article to be seen in an
old farm-house was probably the table, round which the
inmates were seated, the master and mistress at top and
bottom on "joined stools" or chairs, the labourers on
forms by the sides, this custom being still retained on

SUSSEX DOMESTIC AnnHlTECTURE. 53

many small farms; the table of massive oak framed
work, often ten or twelve feet long, and carried on six
legs connected all round by tlie bottom rail, the top one
moulded or carved with iucised work. The table top
was occasionally provided with a sliding board to lengthen
it when required, after themaoner of a modern telescope
one; the legs often elegantly turned, or of the bulbous
vase shape of Elizabethan date.'' The table at Rother-
field Hall is a good example with sliding top. Forms
and stools had also ornamental] y-turned legs and moulded
frames. The chairs were generally armed, and occas-
ionally had the sides panelled and the top rail carved.
They were few in number, even in the houses above the
humbler class, their places being supplied by window
seats, forms, and settles, the latter sometimes having
panelled backs aud ornamental top rails. An important
article of furniture was the dresser. This was like its
present namesake in most respects, but bad the ends or
standards cut to a pattern, and the space below the
drawers closed in with cupboard fronts, instead of having
a potboard. These doors were hung with polished brass
H hinges, key plates, and drop handles, the drawers
having corrcspondiog fittings, the effect of the whole
being much superior to the article now in use.

Cabinets, like chests of drawers on open arched
frames, and of Georgian date are common; and are
effective from the brazen fittings being usually prettily
chased with flowers aud foliage ; but the construction is
often faulty, showing " applied," that is, stuck on, mould-
ings and other modern defects ; veneer of mahogany on
oak is frequently met with. These old cabinets and
chests had often concealed recesses or drawers, only to
be opened by pressing a spring hidden in the construc-
tion, escritoires and bureaus being also plentifully
supplied with these secret compartmeuts, a small ISth

II These balbons l^i nera of poor oonslrnctioii, beiog mado up of mtstsI
pieoei, u at Ambcrlef (.'ojtlc.
Tba iuvcutor; of gooils at ClieEWonb, tnkeu IMS, iau^
"Tublos ti. wiLh ireBtjtl 8ii<] Dtlwr porUtj'i-f ■ mjid formei icoidenC to ths aams

11. < ■.': L' :.<i iiti.<iitioii o{ oixain ui the abave.

54 SUSSEX DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE.

century cabinet in the writer's possession having four,
two being in the partition board between the drawer
and the pigeon-holes.

Old wooden bedsteads are seldom to be met with com-
pared with other fittings, but were generally four-posters
with closed-in backs ; the valances, curtains, and quilts
were often of linen embroidered with coloured thread,
the patterns being of an extremely bold and effective
character. The foliage and scroll work is very similar to
that in early Norman illuminated MSS.^

Every house, farm, or otherwise, appears to have had
at least one coffer, or chest, usually placed at the foot of
the bed, and where it formed a seat. An engraving in
Mr. Wright's *' Domestic Manners and Sentiments,"
p. 409, shows that the same custom obtained in France
during the middle ages.^

These chests remain in very great numbers, and of
every variety of design. The front was generally divided
into three or more panels, most commonly the former,
and furnished with a lock, occasionally of a complicated
character, and only to be opened by those in the secret
of its formation. In the majority of chests there was a
box at one end with its own lid, which when raised
supported that of the coffer itself; in this smaller re-
ceptacle, money and small articles were kept, the rest
being intended for clothes. Some chests were covered
with leather, of a red or bright brown colour, and fixed
on with ornamentally headed white metal nails, disposed
in various elegant patterns ; they were often very care-
fully constructed, the leather being fastened over an
inner covering of linen.

The use of rushes in place of bedroom candles is still
retained in many farm households ; they are prepared
from the Juncus Gonglomeratus^ or common soft rush,

» Bedsteads were called " Bedsteddles/' and servants in the old times slept at
the foot of the bed, as many of the London poor do now. In the ballad of '* The
Lady's Fall/' we read :—

She called up her waiting mayd
That lay at her bedde's feete.
*' These chests are often mentioned in old wills, as for example in that of John
de Wodhons, dated 1845. He bequeathed by it to Alice Ck)nyers " Unam cistam
longam stantem juxta lectum meum." — See '* Glossary Goth. Arch./' Vol. I., p. 9U.

SUSBEX DOMESTIC ABCHITECTTTHE. 55

wliicli grows in moist places, near brooks, or under
hedges. Tbey are soaked io water, and then peeled, after
which they are dried in tlie sun and finally sold at one
shilling per pound. Before using they are dipped in
refuse grease and again dried, about six pounds of grease
being required for one of rushes. A good rush 2ft. Gin.
long will burn for about an hour. Holders were made
especially for these rushes, generally composed of two
pieces of iron somewhat like a pair of scissors, the rush
being held in the clip, the whole fixed on a circular
wooden base ; these rush candle-holders are common
also in Ireland. Besides the short one described above
there were standard ouGs, about 4ft. high, to stand on
the floor, and occasionally provided with a rack to raise
or lower the light; these were made in wrought-iron, or
of wood.

Nearly every article of furniture used by our an-
cestors was made more or less ornamental; even trades-
men's business desks and common boxes were covered
with carving, the design being often only slightly sunk,
as in the Scandinavian " chip carving." Our forefathers
were also fond of placing pioHs mottoes on articles of
domestic use, such as drinking cups and the like; a
skillet in Lewes Museum for example has on it, "Fere
God," and it may be mentioned that " God's Providence
House," at Chester, has its fellow in Sussex, as one at
Nintield bears the inscription : —

" God's providence is mine inlieriUnce. Esccpt the Lord build the
bonee, llie; labour id rain thai boild it. Here we hare (1659) no
abideiice."

On the walls of many of the living rooms or
" parlours '' of old farm-houses may still be found the
samplers worked by the daughters of the tenants. These
are worth a passing glance as they generally have quaint
old couplets or verses worked upon them. One at a
house on the borders of the county lias : —

If wisdom's ways joa wisely aeok,
These Ibings obserre with care.

Of whom you speak, to whom you .
And hdw, and when, aud where.

ipeftk,

56 SUSSEX DOMESTIC AECHTTECTUEE.

The antiquity of the ideas expressed above must be
very great as they occur in a couplet in a book of "Hours
of B.V.M.," published at Paris, 1517 ; and a stone found
in the ruins of Guildford Friary, in 1813, bore the fol-
lowing inscription : —

Si sapiens fore vis, sex serva qnsB tibi mando :
Quid dicas, et ubi, de quo, quomodo quando

Nunc lege, nunc ora, nunc cum fervore labora,
Tunc erit hora brevis, et labor ipse levis.

" Brayley and Walford's Surrey," Vol. L, p. 192.

Another sampler had this, and was dated 1780 : —

Return the benefits you receive,
As far as your ability gives leave,
Nothing is so unmannerly and rude
As that vile habit of ingratitude.

"With which excellent advice and sentiment this paper
is brought to a close.

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MOVNT PUASANT

THE CASTLE OF LEWES.

Bx GEORGE T. CLAEK, Esq.

* Lewes gives name to a Sussex rape, and like the other
rapes in that Jutiah settled coiinty, possesses a Castle, a
river, and a small port upon tbo sea-coast. The river,
nown as the Ouse, rises near Balcombe, in the ancient
treat of St. Leonard, and flows close east of the town,
ix or seven miles below which it falls into the sea at
'ewhaven. It is still navigable up to Lewes, and in the
centuries preceding and following the Conquest, seems to
have been the channel of considerable traffic. The Ouse,
like the Anin, the Adur, and perhaps the Anton, per-
petuates in its name the British occupatiou of the district.
Biewes itself has been claimed as a Celtic name, tbough
Km very insufficient grounds, but on the adjacent heights
Biid ridges of the clialk are a few entrenchments, such as
Iwount Caburn, aud more than a few sepulchral tumuli,
known to have been the work of British tribes. The
church of St. John " sub Castro" stands within an en-
trenchment which, from its position on low ground, and
its outline, tending to the rectangular, ia more likely to
be Roman than British. Lowes, indeed, has been claimed
as the site of an obscure Roman station named "Mutu-
ftotonis," and Roman pottery aud similar relics have been
idng up in and about the town, but the Raman colonists
UBTerywhere pervaded Susses, aud the etymology of the
moman station points to the banks of the Anton as its site.
I Lewes, however, seems intended by nature for a place
nf strength, capable of accommodating a large number of
"persons in safety, and yet not so high nor so steeply
scarped as to bo at all inconveniently inaccessible from the
lower and fertile lands about it. No settlers in the county
iCOuld have been blind to its advantages. Its main feature
I XXXIV. 1

58 THE CASTLE OF LEWES.

is a considerable natural ridge or long knoll of chalk, the
long axis of which, about. 3 40 yards in length, points
north-east and south-west, with a breadth of about 100
yards. Towards the north the ground rises very steeply
from the plain about 80 feet, while the south front, rising
from ground about 30 feet higher, has a less abrupt slope,
and so is not unsuitable for the town which is built upon
it. The greatest breadth is near the centre of the ridge,
where is a spacious platform, while at each end the ground
rises in a knoll, or natural mound, several feet higher.
Whether the Britons took advantage of this natural
strength to entrench and occupy it is unknown, but there
are certainly no traces of such an occupation. All that is
now seen in the way of earthwork is of one date, and
may very safely be pronounced to be Saxon, that is to
say, the work of one of those invading hordes from the
shores of the Baltic who laid the foundations of the
English nation.

Nature had anticipated them in their favourite form of
earthwork. Bach end of the knoll was, in fact, already
a mound. All they had to do was to pare and scarp its
sides and slopes, to isolate it from the intervening plat-
form by a ditch, and to pile up the earth so removed upon
the central space. By this means two very respectable
moated mounds were formed, each conical in figure, with
a flat top, and with its circular and circumscribing ditch.
Of the mounds so raised, partly therefore natural and
partly artificial, that to the south-west was about 130
feet above the northern plain, and that to the north-east
about 110 feet. The next step was to defend the plat-
form intervening between the two mounds. On the north
front this was effected by scarping the already steep slope,
which thus became almost inaccessible. The southern
slope, less strong by nature, was protected by a strong
bank of earth thrown up along its crest, below and out-
side of which was a formidable ditch, about 30 yards
broad, and below and beyond it the ground occupied or
to be occupied by the town. Here, therefore, was a
moated mound with an appended and protected court,
forming together tfaeBurh of the Anglo-oaxon chronicle;

TnB PASTLE OF LEWES.

rity being that there were two mounds with a
court common to the two. It i3 believed that there is no
other so complete example of twin mounds, certainly none
on so grand a scale, and of which each has been converted
into a Burh. Of course the cause of the peculiarity lies
in the natural configuration of the ground. Tliose who
fortified it had no choice. They could never have con-
fined themselves to one hill and eo have left the other to
be employed as a ground of vantage against them. Only
a powerful tribe could have held so extensive a work;
only a very great Baron could have afforded to convert
it into a Castle.

The written history of Lewes may be said to begin with
the foundation of a College in its suburb of Mailing, by
Ceadwnll, King of Wessex. In the time of Athelstane
the town was of sufficient importance to possess two
mints, the adjacent ports being allowed but one. The
Lewes silver penny is a recognized coin. In the days of
the Confessor it is computed to have contained 1,900
inhabitants-, of whom 127 were royal Burgesses, one of
whose charges was to contribute towards the king's ships
when employed in guarding the seas. Domesday makes
no mention of the Castle, any more than of Tonbridge,
also a very strong and early fortress, but when the Con-
queror bestowed the Rape and Town of Lewes upon
William of Warren, one of his most powerful barons,
there can be but little doubt that he here found a fortress
very much hke that he left behind him in Normandy, or
that which he also acquired at Castle Acre, in Norfolk.
No doubt also he proceeded with all convenient speed to
fortify the existing earthworks, after the fashion with
raaaoury, then coming iuto general use. Hero, as at
Castle Acre, most of the still remaining masonry is evi-
dently the work of either Earl Warren, or, at the latest,
of his son and successor, and the Castle has beeu so little
altered, that it is still very possible to trace out these
earliest works.

The southern mound, as the larger and rather more
lofty of the two, was selected for the keep. Its
ummit, oval in figure, 34 yards by 27 yards, already

60 THE CASTLE OP LEWES.

level, was crowned by a shell of masonry, including the
whole area, from 10 to 12 feet thick, and about 24 feet
high. In this case, as in many, perhaps in most other
cases, the Norman builder seems to have thought that
the great weight and breadth of the wall rendered a
foundation unnecessary ; for here, as in the outer wall
of Cardiff, the basement seems merely to have been laid
upon the ground. This method of construction is, no
doubt, faulty, since the favourite method of attack was
by mine, and here the ground was artificial and there-
fore easy to be penetrated.

From the keep wall, at two points about 20 yards
distant, and including about a fifth of its circle, two
curtain walls branched off, one to be carried along the
crest of the northern slope, the other along that of the
southern : the one 200 yards, the other 240 yards, until
they reached the summit of the eastern mound or
Brackmount. In what they were terminated is not
known. A mass of overthrown masonry shows that the
curtain was carried to the top of the mound, and it is
probable that this also was crowned with a shell of
masonry. Some defence of the kind there must have
been. Of these two walls, which thus included the
central court of the Castle, only parts remain, from
eight to ten feet thick. On the north face there are
standing about 40 yards in length of this original,
incorporated with a modem dwelling house. There is
also a second fragment at the foot of the keep mound,
and the line of the wall is there shown by a drop in the
ground of about 10 feet, the ditch of the keep within
and between the two walls being filled up to that depth. On
the south front much more of the wall remains, and a
part has only recently fallen. This wall, covering the
weaker side, is rather thicker than the north wall, and is
built against the earth bank which forms a ramp behind
it. Thus the lower eight or ten feet of the wall is a
revetment. It is about 24 feet high. Near its centre a
flight of steps ascends from the ditch and leads to a
passage cut through the earth bank into the Castle.

TBE CASTLE OP LEWES.

M that ia there visible is modern, but it

that this represents a postern communicating with the

town.

The main entrance was from the town, and remains
but little altered. Originally it lay through a plain
rectangular gatehouse, projecting inwards from the

Mjurtain, as at Tickhill, Porchester, Pevensey, and at
'irqu^s, near Dieppe. This gatehouse was about 30 feet
quare, the walls being 10 feet thick, and the passage

' through it being, therefore, 10 feet broad. The south
wall is tolerably perfect; of the east wall there remains
the lower teu to twelve feet. Nearly all the west wall
is gone, and tlie whole of tho north or inner end with its
archway. The outer, or original entrance, is a plain arch
about 10 feet high to the springing and 10 Eoet broad.
In each jamb is a bold rebate for doors opening inwards.
There is a second smaller rebate on the inner face, pro-
bably for ornament. The arch is semicircular with ring

^atones of ashlar. The height of the portal has been
reduced by the insertion of two courses of ring stones, of

Pwhich the upper is cut to a point at the springing, reduc-
ing it to the figure of a crescent. The inner ring is also
thinned, but not to a point. This alteration seems of the
Norman period. As the roadway is steep, the vault of

i the archway also ascends, but has been cut away to give
more head room, it is said in modern times. Tbe wall

■above the arcliway is still about 35 feet high, and is
quoined with ashlar above the level of the adjacent
curtain. There was, therefore, an upper chamber, as
at Tickhill.

To this, the original entrance, has been prefixed a
barbican. Two lateral walls, 14 feet apart, and six feet
thick, were projected from each side of tlie original gate-
way 24 feet. The eastward wall is in part modern.
These walls abutted upon a lofty and handsome gate-
house about 22 feet square at its basement, but having
each of its front, or outward, angles at the first floor
level, replaced by a cylindrical turret or bartizan
corbelled out, but of very slight projection. In the

62 THE CASTLE OF LEWES.

centre is the entrance archway, having a drop arch and
rather heavy mouldings of a Decorated character.
Within, at the four angles of the passage, are corbels and
the springers of moulded ribs, broken away or left
incomplete. The outer archway was closed by doors
opening inwards. Rather beyond the centre is a half-
round portcullis groove, and close to the inner archway a
second and bolder groove, for an inner and stronger
grate. The inner archway is also moulded, but with more
members, and of a more delicate character than those of
the outer arch, as being less exposed to injury. The
gatehouse has two floors above the entrance passage, with
small windows of one light, front and rear. These have
ogee heads and are of Decorated character. The upper
chambers are reached by a well stair contained in a round
turret applied to the north-west angle of the building.
This is entered from the rampart-walk of the side wall
of the barbican, but how this rampart was reached does
not appear. The present way is over a plank bridge
from the adjacent curtain betv^een the inner gateway and
the keep.

The front of the gatehouse towards the town is rather
striking. At its summit there projects over the gate,
between the side turrets, a bold range of machicolations,
composed of six square apertures, or meurtrieres^ with a
smaller angular opening at each end. Above, on the flat
roof, these apertures are fenced off by a low thin parapet,
over which the missiles intended for the defence of the
gateway were to be lifted before they could be dropped.
Such an internal wall is very rare indeed. This has been
repaired, but enough remains untouched to show that
it was original. The eastern of the flanking turrets has
been pulled down, but of that which remains, the loops are
peculiar. They are cruciform, but with a very short
cross bar. The lower limb ends in a " bouton " ; the
upper limb is simply roundheaded. The two lateral
limbs are square ended. The drawbridge is now replaced
by a causeway, but that there was formerly a bridge \?
shown by a large stone sill below the gateway. Tb

I oral

TH8 CASTLE OP LEWES. 63

barbican ia reputed to be the work of JoBd de Warren
(Plaotagenet) the eighth Earl, in the reign of Edward
the First.

Entering the Castle through the barbican, and tho
Norman archway in the curtain, on the left a passage
teada along the top of the curtain, here at present very
low, towards the keep. The curtain ia about ten feet
tbick, and traverses the keep ditch, and near its base con-
tains some slight herring-bone work in flint. The wall ia
not above 10 feet high, and probably was as high again.
The rampart walk here, as at Taraworth, lends acroaa
tho ditch to the mouud of the keep. It ended in a small
square tower, which stood partly in the ditch and partly
in the skirt of the mouml, Eind the way to the keep
seems to have lain through its upper part. A portion
only of it remains. From this tower it is probable that,
as at Lincoln, Cardiff, and Tiekhill, a steep flight of steps
led straight up the mound, protected by the curtain.
The present zigzag is modern. Unfortunately the wall,
where the steps must have ended, is so damaged that
little can be made of it, save tliat it is in the line of the
curtain. Of the wall of the keep about half, that to the
south, remains. It ranges from seven to ten feet thick,
aud may be 25 feet high. The foundations of the broken-
down part may be traced, and on the slope are large
fragments of the wall. There are at present two mural
towers incorporated with the keep wall, one to the south
and one to the west. They are half-octagon in plan, 30
feet broad, and of 15 feet projection. They havo no
internal projection. Thoy are of tliree floors — a base-
ment at tlie court level, a first floor at the rampart level
of the curtain, and an upper floor. Tho basement has
five loops, two raking the curtain. In the upper floors
the loops instead of being as below, in the centre of each
face, are pierced in the angles. The upper floor was on
the level of the rampart of the curtain, and at tliis lovel
the wall is reduced to a thickness of three feet, leaving a
broad shelf to be added to the chamber within. The
tirst floor was probably reached by a ladder ur wooden

64 THE CASTLE OP LEWES.

steps ; and at the upper floor level, at the junction of the
tower curtain, there commences a well-staircase ascend-
ing to the roof. The floors are all of timber. The
entrance to the basement of each tower seems to have
been by a door from the court ; the first floor was entered
from the curtain. The towers are so set forward upon
the curtain that the regular rampart walk, the allure, is
continued behind them. At this time at the south tower
there is a small turret with a well-stair applied to the
north-east angle of the tower, and giving access to each
floor. This is very modern, as is a porch over the
entrance doorway. The entrance to the other tower has
been enlarged in the style of James the First. These mural
towers are very evidently additions, somewhat earlier
than the Barbican, probably early in the Decorated, or
late in the Early English period. There was another
tower on the north front, the foundations of which have
lately been laid open. There may have been a fourth
tower at the junction of the south curtain with the keep,
so as to cover the entrance from the main gate.

A little east of the south tower there is a small doorway
and recess in the wall, above a cesspit just outside the
wall. This is all modern. Above the cesspit the wall
has been laid open, and a horizontal cavity a foot square
is seen. This, no doubt, contained a balk of timber, in-
serted in the wall as a tie, a not uncommon precaution
where the masonry is laid on artificial ground, and being
very thick would take a long time to set and become dry
and hard. Such ties were inserted into the late Norman
keep of Rochester, and into the cylindrical Early English
Tower of Bronllys, near Brecon.

On the other side of the south tower, between the two
towers, a vast fire-place and chimney are seen recessed
in the wall, and above, at about fifteen feet from the
ground, is a row of plain corbels, showing that here, as
elsewhere, the lodgings in the keep were structures with
a lean-to roof, leaving, as formerly at Windsor, and now
at Leeds and York, an open court in the centre. The
fire-place is of great size ; no doubt that of a kitchen.

THE CASTLE OF LE^^^ES.

Probably it is not original, but Iiaa been excavated in the
wall when the towers were added outside.

Of the hall, chapel, garriaon, kitchen and lodgings in
the great court of the Castle there are no remains above
ground, nor is there any known well. The lodgings were
certainly built against the north wall, near its centre ; and
beneath Mr. Lucas's house, the north wall of which is
the curtain wall of the court, is a very perfect Norman
vault, quite plain, round headed, twelve feot in diameter,
and about nine feet high. It is composed of square stones,
and is of excellent workmanship. This must have been
the cellar or store of some dwelling of importance,
probably the lord's hall. The material mainly employed
throughout in the walls both of the keep and curtain ia a
rubble of clialk and flints, the latter being used alone for
facing. The quoins of the Norman gate-house and gate-
way are of ashlar, as are those of the barbican tower
and the towers of the keep. It so happens that the
exterior face of the wall of the enceinte, coincides very
nearly with the division between the " Castle Precinct "
and the parishes exterior to it, and thus where the wall is
destroyed its actual direction may safely be inferred. It
is probable that these boundaries are considerably older
than the masonry of the Castle. It is remarkable that
the precinct, and therefore the boundary lines, include
only a segment of each mound, the greater part of each
being excluded. It does not often happen, even iu keeps
of the first class, and which were, from the Conquest, the
seats of Norman barons, that the masonry actually exist-
ing is of that early period. The shell keeps, especially,
having been tolerably well fortified, after the older fashion,
with timber, were often left, unaltered till the end of the
eleventh or the beginning of the twelfth century. Hence
it is particularly interesting to find at Lewes, and pro-
bably at Castle Acre, as at Arundel, Cardiff and Lincoln,
a shell keep of evidently Norman masonry, and here, as
at Aiuudel, the interest is augmented by the preservation
of the original entrance to the Castle, and of its con-
nection with the keep.

66 THE CASTLE OP LEWES.

The Earls Warren not only possessed broad lands in
England and in Normandy, but in the former country
were the lords of three castles of the first class, each the
centre of a very considerable estate, and dating from a
period long antecedent to the Norman Conquest. These
were Lewes, in Sussex ; Castle Acre, in Norfolk ; and
Coningsborough, in Yorkshire. Lewes and Castle Acre
were distinguished by shell keeps placed upon a moated
mound, .and appended to each was a religious house,
endowed richly by the Norman founder of the adjacent
Castle. The third, Coningsborough, though less exten-
sive, was probably the strongest of the three, from its
position upon the top of a rocky hill, lofty and very steep,
supplemented by earthworks of great magnitude at its
base. The works at each of these fortresses were worthy
of the wealth and power of their lord, although the
tower for which Coningsborough is celebrated, and which
still rises, a piece of masonry unequalled among English
castles, above the waters of the Don, is of later construc-
tion, though by a member of the same powerful family.
Lewes was, in some respects, their chief seat, as its posi-
tion near the sea coast, lay convenient for their passage
into Normandy, where, almost up to the extinction of the
family, their interests required great attention. Rye-
gate, also a Warren castle, and a very important fortress,
as placed between Lewes and London, is unfortunately
less than a ruin, the very walls having perished, or very
nearly so.

The first Earl, William of Warren, the founder of the
Castle and Priory of Lewes, whom Orderic describes as
" virum bellicosum, animo ferum et corpore strenuum
famaque praBclamm," married Gundreda, whose remains,
discovered in the Priory chapter house, have been laid
with due respect in a small chapel constructed to receive
them. He was no doubt Earl Warine in Normandy, and
was created Earl of Surrey by William Rufus, whose
cause he supported, holding Lewes between the rebel
castles of Arundel and Pevensey. He was not only the
founder of the Norman Castle, but almost certainly the

TOWM

TOWC»

o y

LEWES CASTLE

AND

EXCAVATIONS IN KEEP

« R A V c

m t m

S^ult 0f Feet

SCALE FOR CENERAL PLAN

THE CASTLR OP LEWES.

t)uilder of its keep and enceinte wall. He died ia 1089,
probably from a wound received before tbe castle of
Pevensey.

William, his son, tbe second Earl, distinguished him-
self at the siege of Coucy, under Bufus. He probably
put tbe finishing touch to the Nortnan defences of Lewes.
He died in 1135, as did his son, also William, in 114f8.
With him ended the true race of Warren. William of
Blois, a natural son of King Stephen, married his
daughter Isabel, and held the Earldom of Surrey and the
hoBBtles, as did her second husband, Hamellne, natural son
■of Geoffrey of Anjou. Tlieir son, grandson, and great
grandson, Piantagenets by name, were Earls of Surrey,
and are often called Earls Warren.' John, the last
Earl, left a sister, Alice, wLo inherited Lewes and the
other estates, and married Edmund Eitz Alan, Earl of
Arundel, and afterwards of Surrey. Their great grand-
son, Earl Thomas, left sisters only, whose beirs general
were eventually tbe Dukes of Norfolk, Earls of Surrey,
and the Earls of Abergavenny and De la War. The
latter ia the present owner of tbe castle.

The town of Lewes was walled as early as 1305, and
had three gates — the west gate, the water gate, and the
east gate. Parts of the town wall remain north of
Brackmount and west of the keep mount, and as these
point to the castle wall, this was probably the only, and
indeed a very sufficient defence on the north aide.

The ordnance survey of Lewes Castle to the scale of
j-Js is admirable, and very correctly executed. This has
been well supplemented by two vertical sections, longi-
tudinal and transverse, by Mr. Fuller, of Lewes, under
the Buperviaion of Mr. Somers Clarke, to whom the
Sussex Archaeological Society is indebted for the super-
intendenco of the excavations recently executed at the
Castle and the Priory. The railway tunnel traverses tbe
Castle hill from N.N.W., to S.S.E., passing below the

' The battle of Levrea was (ougfat at no gre&t diataaoe From tbe town, in tha
line of John, tbe ureDth Earl, who took port with tba King, frince Edmrd
lodged at the Castle tbe nigbt before the battle, and the King of the Romana wu

68 THE CASTLE OF LEWES.

very centre of ibe fortress. AmoDg the manors attaclied
to Lewes Castle by the tenure of Castle ^uard were
several at a great distance from it; twenty-three in Nor-
folk and four in SufFolk. They are described as held de
castellatione de Lawes, de castello de Laquis, and " de "
and " pro " escangiis de Leuis.

SOME SUPPLEMENTAEY NOTES ON THE
CASTLE OF LE\yES.

By SOMERS CLARKE, Jon., F.S.A.

In addition to Mr. Ci. T. Clark's paper, the following
notes are offered descriliing the excavations which were
made under his advice in tlie area of the keep in June,
1884, and the results of which are shown in the corner
of the general plan of the Castle area.

It should bo stated that on this plan the outline of the
enclosed area of the keep is sketched in. It is only along
the north side, whore remains were found, that the
measurements are exact.

A trench was first dug across the area in the direction
from the Southern Tower at D. to the fallen masonry at
E.F.

Another trench, marked D.D., was also dug at right
angles with the fire-place, with a. hope of finding the
foundations of the enclosing wall of the room which this
fire-place must have served. Nothing whatever was
found, and the trench was filled in. The sides of the
mass of masonry (E.E.F.F.) were also laid bare.

The excavations have led to no results of importance,
and it will be therefore sufficient to explain the letters of
reference on the plan.

A. A. — Asblar stones drawn to a larger scale, in plan at N., in eleva-
tion at 0. These stones formeJ llie lowest course of the jambs of
A dooma;. Plast«r was found remaining on the face of the eastern
rflTeal of tbo doorway and on tbe north side of the nail C. Tlia
atones are probably of late Norman date.

CO. — Coulinnons line of walling, broken off abruptly at the OBstcro
end.

B. — A great mass of fallen masonry. Bint, chalk, and mortar, similar
in character to tlic general walling,' Eurronnding the area.

70 SOME SUPPLEMENTAEY NOTES ON THE CASTLE OP LEWES.

D.D. — Trenches.

E.E. — East face of Tower with Ashlar facing. It is not improbable
that this is the inside of the wall going down N.E. towards Mr.
Lucas's bouse. The line E.F. is on a slight curve. The front
(E.P.F.) is a finished face, but in flint-work; all the rest much
broken. The portion E.E.F. seems in position. F.F. has tilted
over towards the north, and masses of dSbris lie on the slope below.

G. — Sundial.

N. — Plan of Ashlar stones at A. A.

O. — Elevation of same.

P. — Remains of a return wall. Off the end of this a quantity of
roughly square pieces of a red mineral substance were found, much
like coarse tesserae^ very heavy, and smelling strongly of metal.

The remains above described lay immediately beneath
the grass. The floor level of the apartment into which
the doorway at A.A. opened can have been not more
than two feet below the present level of the grass.

After these notes had been taken the trenches were
filled in.

Br W. H. ST. JOHN HOPE, M.A., F.S.A.

THE AECHITECTUKAL HISTORY OF THE
I CLUNUC PRIOKY OF ST. PANCRAS AT
[ LEWES.'

'■ There are probably few religious houses the account of

! whose foundation is so clearly set forth as that of the

great Cluniac monastery of St. Pancras, established at

I Lewes by William de Warenne, earl of Surrey, eight

\ centuries ago. Bere we are not dependent on the

written tradition of some medieval chronicler, nor on the

coloured narrative of an inmate of the house, but the

whole history is unaffectedly laid down for us by the

founder himself.^

At some time between the accession of William Rufns
in 1087, and his own decease in the following year, on
the representation of his Lewes monks that the original
charter of 1077 founding the Priory had been sent to
the mother house of Cluny, and that the prior and
convent of Lewes had no title deeds or muniments to
produce in evidence of their rights and privileges if any
dispute arose consequent upon the unsettled state of the
kingdom, earl Warenne drew up a second charter, con-
firming to the monks of Lewes the grants and gifts he
had made eleven years before. It is from this most
singularly interesting document that we learn how and
under what circumstances the monastery was founded.

No better account of the foundation can be written
than an English version of earl Warenne's own words.'

' Bead ID the ArBlutectaral Section at tbe Lewea Uneling, Angiut Ist, ISS3.
BepriuMd from lUe " Arclueulogical JohtukI," TuI. XLI, p. 1-

' A rrrj guud ncooatii ol the Prior/ wiU be foaud ia Vol. II of " Siuiei
ArDhaeolugicftI •^lleolioTia."

■ For a tnuiBcriiii of iLe oiJgJQal iu Uie Cbutolaij, made eiprawlj tor tliit
paper, aee Ap|ieudii, Mote A.

72 THE ABOHITEOTURAL HISTORY OF THE

" In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost.
Amen. I, William de Warenne, and Gundrada my wife, wishing to
journey to Saint Peter at Rome, proceeded through many monasteries in
France and Burgundy for the sake of prayer. And when we had come
into Burgundy, we learned that we could not safely pass through on
account of the war that was at that time between the pope and the
emperor. And then we turned to the monastery of Cluny, a great and
holy abbey in honour of St. Peter, and there we adored and sought St.
Peter. And because we found the sanctity, the religion, and the charity
80 great there, and the honour towards us from the good prior and all the
holy convent who received us into their society and fraternity, we began
to have a love and devotion towards that Order and to that house
above all other houses which we had seen. But Dan Hugh, their holy
abbot, was not then at home. And because long before, and more so
then, by the advice of the lord archbishop Lanfranc, I and my wife had
it in purpose and desire to found some house of religion for our sins and
the safety of our souls, it then seemed to us that we wished to make it of
no other Order so gladly as the Cluniac. So we sent and asked
of Dan Hugh the abbot and pf all the holy congregation to grant us two
or three or four monks of their holy flock, to whom we would give a
church, which we built of stone in place of a wooden one, below our
castle of Lewes, that was of old time in honour of St. Pancras, and this
(church) we would give them, and so much lands and beasts and property
to begin with whence twelve monks* could be there sustained. But the
holy abbot was at first very adverse to us to hear our petition, on account
of the distance of the foreign land and especially by reason of the sea.
But after that we asked for licence from our lord king William to bring
the Cluniac monks to England and the abbot on his part asked the king's
will, then at length he gave and sent us four of his monks, Dan Lanzo
and his three fellows ; to whom we gave all the things which we promised
in the beginning and confirmed them by our writing ; which we sent to
the abbot and convent of Cluny, because they would not send us the
monks before they had our confirmation and the king's, which we
promised them of all the things that we gave them. And so the Cluniac
monks were given to me and my wife in England. But after the death
of my lord king William, when his son William had come to England
for the kingdom, and there had been much discoid concerning the
kingdom and doubt about the end, and I myself in many dangers daily :
Dan Lanzo the prior and my monks shewed me that my confirmation
which I had made of the things that I had given them at first was at
Cluny, and that they themselves had since no protection, and that by
reason of the doubtful and future times I ought to make them every
security for my gifts and grants. Which I willingly made by the advice
of my faithful ones by this my other charter : "

Then follows a recapitulation of various manors, tithes,
privileges, immunities, etc., granted to the priory, after
which the earl continues :

4 A usnal number, representing with their head, Christ and the twelve Apostles.

CLDNTAC PRIOET OP ST. PANGEAS AT LEWES.

laidee I will that my monks and my lieirs knon that when I and
Gandradn asked Dan Hu);b the abbot, wlio liad come into Normandy
to nynak with my lord tlie kmj?, to restore tis Dan Lanzo oor prior, ntioui
he had krpl a whole year at Cliiny — whence we were bo incenEed that we
ftlmost proposed to give up our undertaking, or to withdraw from them.
■nil give onr church to u greater monastery — the abbot then also granted
ns, and promised with much deprecation, that if Qod should increoae our
house, he would make it aa one of the great (houses of the Order) after
Dnn Lanzo'e death, or promotion to any higher dignity ; that when the
monks of Saint Pancras should send to Cluny for a prior, they woald send
to them as prior one of their better monks of the whole congregation, whom
they knew to be more pioua towards the Order and the ruling of sonls
according to God, and wiser towards governing the house according to his
age. Baring the greater prior of Cluny, and the prior of Caritas. And that
he shonld remain, and at no time be removed, unless there should be bo
jast and manifest a reason that no one could reasonably gainsay ; and
therenpon he nia<le for us his writing with his seal, which I have. And
these things we asked for, because we feared that Dan Lanso, when he
returned, would soon be taken away from us. because the king exalted to
the dignities of the church the better men whom he could find, and, in
onr hearing, asked the abbot to send him twelve of his holy monks, and
he would make them ull bishops and abbots in the land of his inheritance
which God had given him. And wc aUo considered beforehand that if the
Blill new and tender hon^e often had a new prior and came into new
hands, it wonid never attain to great growth."

As in the case of many other great houses the later
history of Lewes Priorj is remarkably scanty. Sundry
items may be gathered from the Chartulary,* and others
from a volume among the Cotton MSS. known as the
' Annals of Lewes.'* The latter work, however, chronicles
events relating to other monasteries of the Cliiniac Order,
both in England and on the continent, and it is not
always clear that Lewes is the bouse referred to.

It will be more convenient to divide this paper into two
sections — the first describing the church ; the second the
conventual buildings. Curiously enough, of the church
itself we have hardly any actual fragments, at any rate
above ground, though almost all the historical evidence
relates to it; while of the conventual buildings very con-
siderable remains exist, of whose documentary history
we are utterly ignorant. Another feature worthy of atten-
tion is the remarkably clear way in which, even from the

74 THE ABCHITECTXTRAL HISTOBY OF THE

mere fragment of the entire ground plan we have been able
to survey, it is possible to trace hbw the monastery was
enlarged in various directions to meet the requirements of
.increased numbers, and this, too, at periods very little
distant from one another.

There seems no reason to doubt that the first church of
the priory was the one given by the founder to the first
monks, which he described as " the church which we
built of stone in place of a wooden one, below our castle
of Lewes, that was of old time in honour of St. Pancras."

As earl William came to England with the duke of
Normandy, William the Great, in 1066, this church in
1077 — when the priory was founded — could not have been
more than a few years old, and it was doubtless large
enough for the handful of monks who formed the new con-
vent. Since, however, the founder had endowed the
priory for twelve monks, the first church would not long
suffice for the services of an increased number of brethren,
neither was it furnished with the necessary conventual
.buildings. And as it was the custom in all the Orders,
first to build themselves an oratorium^ or church, and that
of such a plan that the cloister and surrounding buildings
could conveniently be added thereto, the founder's stone
church, if not rebuilt, was probably enlarged by the
addition of a choir and transepts, and a permanent circuit
of offices attached to it.

According to a charter of the second earl Warenne ^
this enlarged church was dedicated by bishops Ralph of
Chichester, Walkelin of Winchester, and Gundulf of
Rochester, that is between 1091 and 1098; a date that
agrees well with the remains of those portions of the con-
ventual buildings which were a continuation of the same
work.

Further endowments furnished the means for, and more
monks neces8itated,additionalaccommodation; thechurch
was therefore again enlarged and a corresponding exten-
sion made of the conventual buildings. This took place
during the life of the third earl, and the church was
dedicated between 1142 and 11 47^1

' Bee Appendix, Note B*

CLUNIAC PBtflRT DP ST. PANCRAS AT LEWES. 75

In 1229 tho Annals record that " tlie chapel of the
blessed Mary was constructed anew, and the first mass
celebrated in it on the vigil of St. Nicliolas."' Bat we are
not told whether it was at Lewes or not.

In 1243 occurs another diiliious entry. " On the day
of the anniversary of lord VVilliain the earl, the founda-
tion was laid in tho new work of our church." The men-
tion of the founder's name seems to identify this with
Lewes, though the place is not named, and a charter of
1247 mentions one John who was magister operum ecclesie.

Passing by sundry records of burials, to which I shall
return shortly, we come to the year 1268, when prior
William de Foville died, leaving amongst other bequests
200 marks " to the finishing the two towers in the front
of the church."

This is the last record of any addition to, or alteration
in the church, and the next step in its history with which
we are concerned is its destruction.

The priory was suppressed on isrovember 16, 1537 (29
[en. VIII.), and three months afterwards by deed dated

lb. 16, 1537-8, the King granted the whole of the site
to Thomas, lord Cromwell. " The too infamous malleus
manachoriim thereupon promptly proceeded to pull down
the church, as being part of the monastery that could not
easily be convened into cowsheds and piggeries. A
most graphic account of the melancholy destruction of
the great church has come down to us in a letter^" written
to Cromwell by one of hia agents, who calls himself " John
Portinai-i," but whose handwriting is strangely similar to
thatof Richard Moryson, a well-known creature of Crom-
well. The letter not only describes the mode of
destruction, but is especially valuable from giving the
approximate size and extent of the church. No apology
is therefore necessary for giving it in full.

> for rofsrcnoea to tbese and athet enlrie* see I^oalta.

• Sen Aiipeodix, Note D.

" Colt. MH. ClHCpati'B. G. it. 23a. The letter hpg already been printed in
" Jjetteri teliiting to tlie Supppenaioa of tha MouulerleH '' (p. 18tt), edited (or the
C«rodca Sooiutj bj rbutnna Wright, iHtS, bat ua tlie pcinted ovfy outiliuat Beverftl
erram, lui entirely uevr, uid it i« hoped, oorrcot traaioript hew bceu luntle fur tbis

76 THE ARCHITECTUBAL HISTORY OP THE

My lord, I humbly corned my selfe unto y®' lordshyp. The lasto, I
"wrote unto y®' lordshyp, was the xx*** daye of thys present monith, by
the handes of Mr Wyliamson, by the wbych I advertised y®' lordshyp,
of the lengthe and greatenes of thys churche, and how we had begon to
pull the hole down to the ground, and what maner and fashion they used
in pulling it down. I told y°' lordshyp, of a vaute, on the ryghte syde
of the hyghe altare, that was born up, w** fower greate pillars, haying
abowt it, V chappelles, whych be compased in w*** the walles, Ixx. stepes
of lengthe, that is, fete cox. All thys is down a Thursday and fryday
last. Now we are pluckyg down an hygher vaute, born up by fower
thicke & grose pillars, xiiij fote fro syde to syde, abowt in circuferece
xlv. fote. Thys shall down for o"^ second worke.^^ As it goth forward,
1 woll advise y**' lordshyp from tyme to tyme, and that y^"" lordshyp may
knowe w^ how many me, we have don thys, we browght from London,
xvij. persons, 3 carpetars, 2 smytbes, 2 plummars, and on that kepith the
fornace. ev'y of these, attendith to hys own office, x, of them, hewed
the walles abowte, amoge the whyche, ther were 3 carpentars . thiese
made proctes to undersette wher the other cutte away, thother brake and
cutte the waules. Thiese are me exercised, moch better than the me
that we fynd here in the contrey. Wherfor we must both have mo me,
and other thinges also, that we have nede of, all the whych I woll w4n
thys ij or thre dayes show y®"^ lordsbyp by mouthe. A tuesday, tbey
began to cast the ledde, and it shalbe don w^ such diligece & savyg as
may be, so that o' trust is y®' lordshyp, shall be moch satisfied w* that
we do, unto whom, I most humbly corned my selfe, moch desiringe God,
to mainteyn y**"^ helth, y®' bono*", yo' hartes ease, at Lewes the x xiiij of
March 1537.
y®' lordshyps servant John portinari.

Under nethe here, y®' lordshyp

shall see, a iuste mesure
of the hole abbey
The churche is in lengthe, GL fote.
The heygthe, Ixiij fote.
The circuferece abowte it, M.D.lviij fote.
The wall of the forefronte, thicke x. fote.
The thyckenes of the stepil wall x. fote.
The thyckenes of the waules interno, v. fo.

Ther be in the churche xxxij. pillars, standyg equally from the walles.
An hyghe Koufe,^ made for the belles.
Eyght pillars verry bygge, thicke xiiij. fo, abowte xlv. fo.
Thother xxiiij, ar for the moste parte x fote thicke, & xxv. abowght.
The heygthe of the greater sorte, is xlij. fo. of thother xviij fote.
The heygthe of the roufe before the hyghe altare, is Ixxxxiij fote.
In the middes of the church, where the belles dyd hange, an CV fote.
The heygthe of the stepil at the fronte is Ixxxx fote.

>^ It has been suggested that the destroyers commenced with the loftiest
portions first so as to make the greatest show of destruction in the shortest
time.

12 Vaute erased.

CLUNIAt! PEIOEV OF ST. TANCRAS AT 1

So complete does the demolition of the church appear
to have been, that its very site passed out of recollection ;
and it was not until three centnrios had elapsed that mere
accident again brouglit it to light.

In 1845, during the construction of the railway from
Brighton to Lewes, a wide cutting was carried across part
of the site of tho priory. It ran in an oblique direction
from south-west to north-cast, passing over the sites of
the kitchen, frater, cloister, chapter house, and part of
the church. Sundry curious discoveries were made during
its construction — amongst other finds being the leaden
cists containing the bones of the fouuder and his wife —
but at present we are only concerned with such as relate
to the fabric.

Mr. M. A. Lower, in a report to the British Archre-
logical Association," after describing tho discovery of
various graves, continues :

" Up to tliia point no regular fomidations of Imildings could be made
out. In ecreral places, luasaes of olislk hare been introduced into the
natural soil for the purpose of making n hard bottom ; but though of
VMt extent and depth, it does not appear what kind of maaonry ihcy
supported. At the distance of some yards to the south-east, however,
the traces of mosonry became more intelligible, and at length remains of
trails became distinctly visible. The first regular apartment discovered
was a room 36 ft. 6 ins. square, vrith a semicircular apsis on the east side.
From tho foundation of the square basis of a pLlsr in the centre, and
some appearances on the walls, it is pretty certain tliat this room had a
v&ulted roof. At the demolition of lh« conventual bitililLngs, it would
seem that undermining was one of the means of destruction resorted to.
It seems that the earth nasexcavaled beneath the south-east angle of this
•partnient, and hence tliat portion of the wall was thrown out of the
horizontal line. Here was found the stone which formed the base of the
central column ; it is of Sussex marble, 2^ feet sqimrc. The floor of the
apsis was raided above the geneial floor of the apartment. The former
liftd been covered with concrete, and the latter with figured tiles, some
remains of which existed, but in so decayed a state, that they conld not
be removed entire. On e part of the wall of the apsis viliicli remained,
there were some slight traces of painting, representing tbe lower portion
of a sacerdotal robe. Near the middle of tbe wall of the apsis wag an
oblong well, neatly lined with chalk, measuring 3ft. iins. by 2ft, Sins.,
and 22 feet in depth. It had been filled up with earth and rubble, and
must have been disused before the bailding was erected.

" After this room, which may hnvo been the haptinteni or the tTtaaary

" Journal of tUe BiiLlsti Arclnculoj^ical Aasuuiatioa," I., 365.

78 THE AEOHITECTUEAL HISTORY OP THE

of the convent, had been fully developed, the workmen employed by the
Committee began, under my direction, to explore the ground to the
northward, and soon laid open the apsis or chapel, bounded on the north-
by a vast mass of flint work, apparently designed to support one of the
piers of a tower. Proceeding in an easterly direction from this, three
other semicircular chapels presented themselves. In some places three
courses of ashlar were exposed, placed upon the loamy soil, and unsup-
ported by any foundation. From the general direction of the walls, it
can scarcely be doubted that they enclosed the choir of the great church
of the priory. When the course of these walls had been explored as far
as the chapel, all traces of building suddenly disappeared, and we have
not been able to recover them. There are two steps rising towards the
north, apparently into the nave of the church."

Thus far Mr. Lower. We have also a more valuable
record even than his report in a very careful ground plan
of the discoveries made at the time by Mr. J. L. Parsons,
who has most kindly placed it at our disposal. But for
his energy and foresight all precise information would have
been lost for ever, for the site of the buildings discovered
now hangs in mid-air ; the line having been laid some
feet below the foundations.

Sines the discovery of the east end, a large fragment
of the opposite extremity of the church was laid bare by
the late Mr. John Blaker in 1849 or 1850 ; and the south
jamb of the west door of the north aisle was discovered
by us last year.

From these portions and Mr. Parsons' plan, aided by
an analysis of Portinari's letter, the entire plan of the
great church has been laid down with some probable
degree of accuracy by my friend Mr. Somers Clarke,
Jun., F.S.A., who has ingeniously interpreted the vague
language of the letter by a careful comparison of con-
temporary buildings.

Beginning at the east end, Portinari speaks of
** a vaute, on the ryghte syde of the hyghe altare, that
was borne up, with fewer greate pillars, having abowt it,
v chappelles, whych be compased in with the walles, Ixx

oes of lengthe, that is, fete ccx," and it continues,
ow we arepluckyngdowne an bygher vaute, borne up
:bwer tbicke & grosse pillars, xiiij fote from syde to
3, abowt in circumference xlv. fote." It is clear,
refore, that the church had a greater and a lesser

CT.CNIAO PRIORY fiP ST, PANCEAS AT LEWES. 79

Anuisept, and the two seta of four piers supported the two
crossings. The eastern transept we know, from excava-
tions, to have been about 106 feet long, with an apsidal
chapel opening ovit of each arm. The crossinnf itself was
apparently surmounted by a lantern 93 feet liigli to the
vaulting, or 30 feet higher than the main vault. Eastward
of the crossing the church terminated in a semicircular
apse encircled by an aisle, with the beautiful feature, so
rare in England, of a corona of apsidal chapels, five in
number. The discovery of three of these is described by
Mr. Lower.

At the south end of the eastern transept was the
apartment described as t!ie baptistery or treasury. There
are, however, no grounds whatever for identifying it with
either building, and there is little doubt that it wa3 the
sacristy. It was furnished as usual with an altar, and
opened by a narrow doorway into a passage nine feet
wide, forming a covered way from the infirmary to
the church, into which there was an ascent of several
steps.

Proceeding westward four bays from the eastern
crossing, we reach the great transept; but before de-
scribing it a digression is necessary to say a few words
about the high altar.

In attempting to fix the position of this important
feature, we are confronted with a difficulty. Portioari's
letter describes the vault of the upper crossing as "*on
the ryghte syde of the hyghe altare." Now it is possible
to make " ryghte syde " east or west of any point
according as one faces south or north. Supposing then
that the worthy visitor entered the church by tlie passage
from the infirmary (where he was doubtless living at the
expense of the convent on the fat of the land) ; if the
altar stood on the line of the first bay west of the upper
crossing, wliere it probably did originally, then the
crossing would be on his right hand, and beyond the
altar. But one of the items at the end of the letter,
giving a '* juste mesure of the hole abbey," states that
" the heygthe of the roufe he/ore the hyghe altare is
Ixxxxiij fote," and since the list itself seems fairly trust-

60 THE ABCStlTECTUBAL HISTORY 0^ THE

worthy, from analogy with other churches having double
transepts, such as Canterbury, Lincoln, and Salisbury, we
must place the high altar at Lewes beneath the eastern
arch of the upper crossing : the vault will then be before,
that is, in front of the altar. The difl&culty lies in
reconciling two apparently contradictory statements. We
must either look upon the text of the letter as written
solely for the purpose of creating a favourable impression
on Cromwell of the zeal with which his miscreants were
destroying God's sanctuary, and therefore as being more
or less loosely worded as to details ; or we must interpret
the phrase " ryghte side" to mean the front of the altar
in contradistinction to the " back syde " or '* wrong side."
The table of dimensions was probably added from a
careful survey made to ascertain the exact value of the
lead and ashlar, and may therefore be looked upon as
fairly correct.

The great transept was about 116 feet long, and
probably aisleless, with an apse opening out of each wing.
The piers supporting the main crossing are described as
forty-two feet high, and the vault above them " in the
middes of the church, where the belles dyd hange " as
105 feet.

Of the nave we at present know nothing. Its site lies
beneath a lawn and a kitchen garden, and some day wo
may hope to excavate there. Meanwhile we must rely
upon Portinari's dimensions. He says " Ther be in
the churche xxxij. pillars, standyng equally from the
walles,'* and proceeds to describe them as " Eyght pillars
verry bygge, thicke xiiij f o, abowte xlv fo. Thother xxiiij,
ar for the moste part x fote thicke, & xxv abowght. The
heygthe of the greater sorte is xli]\ fo. of thother xviij
fote. The thickenes of the waules interne, v fo."

The eight great piers undoubtedly belong to the two
crossings. They were forty-two feet high and probably
carried semicircular arches, which from the width of the
church measured about fifty-four feet from the crown to
the pavement.

To satisfactorily dispose of the remar '
piers, we must take the evidence ^^

Cl-imUO PltlORT OF ST. rANCBAS AT LEWES. 81

iofr, the catlicdral church of Chichester. From the length
of the church of Lewes, and the dimensions assigned to
the piers and walls, it seems tlint, like Chichester, the
arches were practically holes cut through a wall, and the
piers intermediate solid masses of masonry about ten feet
thronp;h from east to west and five feet thick, or approxi-
mately, as Portinari, says " xxv abowght." Allowing
twenty feet from centre to centre of each bay, we dispose
of our twenty-four piers thus : allotting four piera to the
great apse, and six to tlie inter-transeptal area, there are
fourteen left for the nave — which exactly fulfil our re-
quirements.

The nave and choir would originally be covered with a
flat wooden ceiling, afterwards replaced by a pointed
vault sixty-three feet to the ridge, or nine feet higher
than the crown of the tower arches.

The last item in the list of dimensions states that " The
heygtlio of the stepil at the fronte is Ixxxx fote." This
' stepil ' was a western tower occupying the centre of the
front as at Ely and Bury St. Edmund's. The southern
half of its base was uncovered by the late Mr. John
Blaker some thirty years ago, and is still open for in-
spection in a garden at the back of the Crescent now in
Mr. Parsons' occupation. It is very much thrown over
and distorted, consequent upon the treatment the build-
ing met with at the hauds of the worthies who destroyed
it. The door jarab at the west end of the north aisle,
which wo laid bare last year, had a massive Purbeck
marble plinth, carved with a kind of arcade, from which
the jamb shafts rose. While however this marble block,
being outside the door, was in a perfect state of preser-
vation, the Caen stone ashlar work within was in many
places shivered and reddened by the action of fire. It
seems therefore that Portinari's minions wrought their
work of deatructiou in the manner he describes, *' x, of
^e m, hewed the walles abowte, amongo the whyche,
■ were 3 carpentars, thiese made proctes to undcrsette
r the other cutte away, thother brake and cutte the
the wooden props were then aet fire to, and
Trained walla fell in with a crash, wbich must

82 THE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OF THE

have been music to their sacrilegious minds. The
western tower stood within the last bay of the nave, and
the remaining fragment shews that it was not open to
the aisles, but the solid walls were covered with an
arcade.

The ground plan so far as we have now gone consisted
of a nave and aisles of eight bays with a western tower
in the middle of the front ; a great transept, aisleless,
with an apse in each wing, and over the crossing the bell-
tower; a choir and aisles four bays long; an eastern
transept with an apse in each wing ; and beyond this the
great apse, with an aisle surrounded by five apsidal
chapels. This eastern part of the church must have been
a thing of exceeding bea-uty, both from within and with-
out.

The whole church was 405 feet long internally, or
almost exactly equal in length to Lichfield cathedral
church.

We must not lose sight of the fact that this was a
building of gradual growth. It is almost certain that at
first the monks' church was the newly built one dedicated
to St. Pancras, which was given them by the founder. It
is also more than probable that this was found too small
an oratory for an increased number of monks, and con-
verted into a monastic church by building a choir and
transepts. Now one striking feature about this great
church of Lewes is its narrowness in proportion to its
length. Most of our large Norman churches exceed
thirty feet in the width of their naves, but Lewes could
not have exceeded twenty-four feet ; dimensions only
approached by the sister houses of Castle Acre and
Thetford, and the cathedral church of Chichester, which
measure twenty-five feet. But while Castle Acre and
Thetford have a total width, including the aisles, of sixty
feet, Lewes was only fifty-four. Since we have not yet
seen any remains of the nave, the question must rest
entirely upon conjecture, but it occurred to me, while
looking about for a reason, that the cause of this narrow-
ness was the pre-existence of the founder's church, with

CLUNIAC PRIORY OF ST. PANCEAS AT LEWES, 06

"hich the earliest additions were iocorporated, before it
was itself re-built.

As the only actual portions of the great church to
which we have as yet had access in our time are the
extreme east and west ends of it aa finally reconstructed,
we cannot ascertain the exact point where the building
was first enlarged. From analogy with contemporary
buildings, wo should expect the church, after tlie first
additions to the founder's, to consist of an eastern arm
with aisles, three bays long, with an apse (cp. Cliichester) ;
an aisleless transept with apse in each wing, and a bell
tower at the crossing; and a nave and aisles six bays
long — tbe whole being a little over 200 feet long inter-
nally, or an average sized monastic church. The evidence
for tlie extent of the nave seems to rest on slightly
stronger grounds than analogy. In examining the giound
plan one thing which is at once seen to be anomalous is
the decided oblong shape of the cloister, for, with the
exception of a few instances due to exigencies of site the
cloister of a monastery is invariably as nearly as possible
square. Looking at the fact too, that the frater had
obviously been lengthened, as well as the church at its
western end, the evidence becomes tolerably conclusive
that the Lewes cloister was originally square, or nearly
so, and that, as at Castle Acre, the nave whs only equal
in length to the cloister alley, or at most did not extend
more than one bay to the west of it. This gives us a
nave of five or six bays, which, though it sounds a small
number for a Norman church, where the average number
is seven or eight, yet if the relative dimensions of pier
and arch be borne in mind, the five or six bays will be
found to take up aa much length as seven or eight of
such work as we see at Rochester or Southwell. Accord-
ing to a charter of William, the second earl of Wareuue,
this first monastic church was dedicated by bishops
Ralph of Chichester, Walkeliu of Winchester, and Gun-
dulf of Rochester — that is between 1091 and 1098, the
actual year not being given."

" See Apiieodii, Not* B.

S4 THE ABCHITECTURAL HISTOBY OP THE

About the same time that Liewes was being enlarged
from the little church of St. Pancras into a more con*
yenient monastic one, the mother church of Clunj was
undergoing extension. The new works, which were
dedicated in 1131, included that feature so exceedingly
rare out of England, an eastern transept, with two apses
to each wing, and a great apse with corona of chapels.
The increasing importance of the priory of Lewes soon
made the monks desire to enlarge and glorify their
church too. So they began, as usual, at the east end,
and taking the new work of the abbey of Cluny as a
desirable model, added to their presbytery an eastern
transept, with an apse in each arm and a lofty lantern at
the crossing ; and beyond this an apse with five apsidal
chapels encircling its aisle. The nave was also ex-
tended westwards four bays, and a massive tower built
in the last bay, thus occupying the centre of the front.
Then the church was solemnly dedicated, so we learn
from a charter of the third earl of Warenne,,^* the con-
secrators being Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury;
Henry de Blois, bishop of Winchester ; Robert, bishop
of Bath, who was once a monk of Lewes; and Ascelin,
bishop of Rochester. The exact year is not given, but
the consecrators' dates fix it between 1142 and 1148.

In 1229, according to the Annals " the chapel of the
blessed Mary was constructed anew, and the first mass
celebrated in it on the vigil of St. Nicholas " ;^* but it is
not said to be at Lewes, and as before noted, the entry
may refer to another house altogether. Still, we know
there was a chapel of our Lady here, and further its ap-
proximate site, for the will of Richard, third earl of
Arundel and Surrey, dated December 5th, 1375, directs
mass to be said daily in the priory of Lewes, for the
repose of his soul, "in the chapel of St. Thomas the
Martyr, or else in the "chapel of our Lady on the north
of the great church." " Probably this chapel lay east
of the north arm of the great transept, as at the

^* See Appendix, Note C.

" m°.co°xxix*'- Conetmota est de •inella ie & in vigilia sanoti

Kicolai prima missa oelebrata eat ^'
" Test. Vetust. p. 94.

CLUNIAC PBIOEY OP ST. PANCBAS AT LEWES. 85

Bister house of Thetford and at Canterbury, or it may
have followed such arraugcmcuts as those of Ely and
Tewkesbury.

In 1243, "on the day of the auaiversary of Lord
William the earl, was placed the fouudatiou in the new-
work of our church." " Thus the Annals, but though
Lewes is not mentioned, the founder's name probably
points to this house, and we find in 1247 one John,
maginter operiim ecclesi'e, witTiessing a Lewes charter.'*
We do not know what this novum optts was.

In 1268, Dan William de Foville, prior of Lewes, died
and bequeathed to the monastery, amongst other items,
" two hundred marks sterling towards finishing the two
lowers at the front of tiio church." ^ All previous writers
have assumed these to be a pair of western towers. But
we know there was only one western tower, and that in
the centre of the front. Unless, therefore, a pair of
stair turrets flanking tlio west front, like those at Ely
and Lincoln, be meant, the word " front " must be
restricted, in its medieval sense, to the east end, and
the two turrets may be a pair flanking the great apse.
Compare the towers in a similar position at Canterbury.

Wo have now come to an end of both our documentary
and architectural history of the fabric, but there remain
a few records of burials, &c., which throw a little light
on the arrangement of the church.

The previous mention of chapels of St. Thomas and
the blessed Virgin Mary implies the existence of altars
to those saints. In 1238 we meet with the gift of a
messuage to the altar of the Holy Cross in the great
church." This altar doubtless stood against the centre
of the roodloft. It was the scene of a miraculous cure in
1260, in which year, on the day of SS. Processus and
Martinian, a certain infirm man who was crippled in an
arm and both knees was made whole at the Holy Cross

I'lUij". Id die annirBraarij doRiini WiUelmi Comitia [iDsltuiu esL f aada

I noTo opere ecclosia uoeCre. (. lG8i,
* Ch«rtul«Ty, f.
"■ " Iteip ad dou torreB iu tcoate eccleiiie porGoieiulaB, oo marou-iterluig.' "

Mis. t. unit.

' " Ad sitare tancie orucis iu mogua ecclesia.'' — Cliarlultr/, (■ 65.

86 THE AEOHITECTUBAL HISTORY OP THE

of St. Pancras at Lewes.^ In 1262 the Annals record^
the death of one John de Gatesdene who was buried be-
fore the altar of St. James, but the name of the monas-
tery is not given. In 1341, Sir Edward St. John was
buried in the chapel of St. Martin.^* By his will, dated
1374, William Laxman desires his body to be buried
" before the image of the Crucifix situated in the north
part of the same church, and which has been newly
painted."^ In 1379 Sir John de Arundel wills to be
buried " in the priory at Lewes in the great church there
under an arch near the funeral chapel." ^ In 1385 Dame
Joan St. John desires to be buried in the chapel of St,
Mary near her husband." The will of George Neville,
lord of Abergavenny, dated July 1, 1491, desires his
body to be buried on the south side of the altar, " wliere
I have lately made a tomb for my body." ^ A bull's
head in brass, part of the heraldic decoration of this
tomb, was discovered during the excavations of 1845.
Under the south arch of the eastern crossing was also
found a grave with the leaden hidla of pope Clement VI.,
beneath the skull of the deceased. It has been sug-
gested that this marks the sepulchre of John, the last
earl of Warenne, who died in 1347, and had been ex-
communicated by the archbishop for gross immorality.
Dugdale records that he " lieth buried alone under a
raised Tomb, near the High Altar." ^ In 1492 Sir John
Falvesley is said to have been buried on the left hand of
the image of St. Pancras.** We have also record of the

*' m°co°l°. . In hoc anno die sanotorum processi & martiniani qnidam infirznns
quasi oontractos de brachio et ambabns (sic) genibus sanabatur ad sanctam
cmoem sanoti pancracij de lewes. — Anuals, f., 169a.

'' m° co° Izij. " Obiit Johannes de Gatesdene in vigilia sanoti pasohe & in die
mercnrii postea positus fnit in terra ante altare sanoti iacobi.^ — f . 170a.

»♦ Add. MS. (Bnrrell) 5706, f., 177.

>A " Corpnsqae meum ad sepeliendnm in eoclesia Frioi*atns de Lewes videlioet
coram ymagine oracifixi sitnata in parte boriali eiusdem eoolesie et qae no?iter est
depicta."— Suss. Aroh. Coll., XXV., 149.

»8 Test Vetust., 106.

*7 Test Vetnst., 120.

w Test Vetust., 406.

29 *♦ Dngdale*s Baronage," p. 82. This and other entries are given by Dugdale as
from the Register of Lew^s in "Bibl. Selden An." 1650 ; but 1 have not been able to
trace the MS. The Editot^^ of the last edition of the " Monastioon " state it is iden.
tical with the Chartulary iii the Cotton MS., but this is an error.

«» Add. MS. (Burrell), 67«6, 6 177.

CLUNIAC PEIOItY OP ST. PANCHAS AT lEWES.

burials of numerous persoQs before or near tho high
altar. In 1240 Maud, second wife of William, fifth earl
of Warenne, "was buried in the midst of the Quire in
tho Abbey of Lewes before the High Altar." *' In 1255,
the countess Alicia, widow of the sixth earl, was buried
before tlio high altar ; ^ and in 1286, her son. Sir
WilHam de Warenne, was buried by the archbishop of
Canterbury " before the high altar on the left side beside
his mother." '^ Dugdale also records the burials of Joan,
wife of the last-named Sir William, who died 1293,
"and lieth buried with her husband before the High
Altar at Lewes, under a high Tomb";** of John, the
seventh earl, who died 32 Edward I, "and was buried in
the midst of the Pavement in the Quire of the Abbey of
Lewes, before the High Altar, with this Epitaph upon
* 'a Tombstone:

' ' Vona qe passer on bonclie close,
Prier pur celj ka cy repose ;
£ti vie cgme voua esli ja<lis fn,
Et votiB tiel, furrutz cttme je sii ;
Sir Johan Count da Uaretine gist ycy ;
Dieu do sa alrao eit mercy.
Ky pur ga Bime priera.
Trois mill jours Je pardon aviTa.' " ■"■

We now come to the conventual buildings, the remains
or which are fairly extensive. They have an especial
interest as affording us an excellent illustration of the
manner in which the growing needs of an increasing
convent were met by adding to and reconstructing an
existing group of buildings.

It is however somewhat curious that no systematic
;ftttempt has hitherto been made to describe either the
"lUildiiigs themselves or their architectural history.

The original site granted by the founder to his monks
appears to have consisted mainly of an elevated ridge, of
no great width, running east and west, and lying between

"Dngd. Bar..''p. 77,
'■ AnnaU." 1. 189 6.
" AdM lukgnom utUrDiiiaiDiatia iiarte ii

-" Anuilij" t.

i^^ r _Sr >a«r. Zl nSB ^Ottci.

— " rtT "Zin -"—2 — t- iillT?^ ~H 1 'l! f?t m^

t»T

i!i :9m sue of
iiire' ran ncmr tite-

-. -, ' "".irr ^JL^^-, T "1.- r*:'zzzL 'z ^'zi2^ f^-ra Tne J:i3iie

7 ; :.i -:e !:.:i..r-i.Ti .■Lci^r'fr x-is 7Lxc*?»i jariie »ach
<*<>, ',r :*i*i 2aT^ IE "Lit* lii ir^ii : x-.rii riie r::«ac rr^nsept,
v,#i ''^z ris tn I'liazr-zr ictlx • in.'i rlie i^arrraiear called
.'%7 .t.cmt, Or-ier* :f r'rirl.ioa iie --c -r-aTr. ram. zzrznhi^ the

f//f'0r,\ T^a ^iie i-^7J tV^/^.Tz. "ixrcctirz:^ ri:.^:a:i :ip no the

ff^/f"^^ a r:.^^,;w:i:rd bni^Iizir ir;rr:av:r:t:C br i bridge.
.^/'/**r, r.f •r..^ clci-'e? :«^rr»r :j.e >r-*r-r. t.Ti fracer) and
^//f'itf'/i r^/jolyirii r^ri.ar kirche:: : azd en :ce west the
t^uyt', i.r,(\HT r,}.e care of r'ne cellarer callec ihe Miarium.
Tf.'; <///r/'*>/^ infrrt'iTum^ or abcce of sick and infirm
rr»/'/T,lf3i, wAH \>\Hf'j'A to the east of the clausrral buildings.
Ail t.K*; ofii^jr offiOLi^, auch as the almoanr, guest houses,
\^Vjrj^ \frf:7tf:ry^ and stables, lay to the \rest in the outer
f'^fHtlf 7/hif:\i wa.H ^;ritered by a large gatehouse set in the
ifttt \uf'X 7/;ilI ^;TKy>rn parsing the whole of the monastery.
1 li'i \int,r yj'^iiuiH to have slept in the common dormitory,
hi hn/ inlf at fir.Hf.y and did not occupy a separate

" tf,m'f\nt*i ifi /|iffi rri//riiiNf/'rirjm Ritnm est.** See Appendix.
A j'ff '^*'if fiftniii' I tuni: t^r,urn at liattlc abbey, where the site of the high
WAN lnt*\ hy thfi \t\utA\ iit fiarold'f death, on the famous hill of Senlao.
ih¥ vth*Att i,f OiA tUniiiiiorj if carried on a magnifioeni aeries of nndecorofte.

CLUNIAO PEIORY OP ST. PANC'BAS AT LRWES. 89

dwelling. I cannot say whether the novices had a special
portion of the buildings allotted to them or not.

The cloister of Lewes priory, unlike the generality of
examplea, which are more or less square, was decidedly an
oblong. The south-east angle was opened out in the
railway embankment during our diggings last year, and
the south-west angle in 1845; the other two remain
buried. "VVe can nevertheless ascertain the extent with
tolerable certainty from other data, and find it measured
about 90 feet from north to south, and 130 feet froraeast
to west. There is however no doubt that originally the
cloister was pquare ; but why was it enlarged ? and why
was its shape altered ? The first question is easily
answered, because the increased number of monks made
it necessary to provide more room for them in the cloister,
where they actually lived and spent much of their time,
and which had been built of too small a size in the first
place for a large convent. For the explanation of its
altered shape we must return to the description of the
site. Between the south wall of the nave, and the
abrupt descent of the ridge on which the priory stood to
the alluvial flat, there was only sufficient room for the
cloister ; for even the frater had been built out on an
undercroft, AVhen therefore the enlargement of the
cloister was projected, it was evident that if, simply to
preserve its square form, an extension was made south-
ward as well as westward, too great expense would bo
incurred in rebuilding or otherwise altering the frater as
well as the cetlarium. Tlie cloister was therefore extended
bv rebuilding the cdlarliim further west and lengthening
the frater, thus altering the square form iuto an oblong.
And since the alley of the cloister which adjoined the
nave of the church was the monks' day apartment, this
way of meeting the case gave the needed accommodation
for the brethren. These alterations must have taken
place about the middle of the twelfth century, in continua-
tion of the work of enlarging the church. The 1845
excavations shewed that the cloister alleys were fourteen
feet wide, and the wall enclosing the garth four feet
thick.

xsxiv. K

90 TBE AMCmrECrUJLAL HIOTOST OF THB

Tbe site of the capitulum or chapter-house now hangs
in mid air, haying been completely swept away in the
construction of the railway. Unfortunately the remains
of the walls then discovered were so fragmentary that we
cannot recover its width. According to Mr. Parsons'
plan it was originally about fifty feet long. But the chief
interest in the chapter-house centres round the extra-
ordinary collection of interments discovered in 1845.
The first coffin disturbed was a leaden one with an arched
top, containing the bones of a woman. She had been
buried in the cloister alley before the chapter-house door.
In the chapter-house itself were found no less than
thirteen graves.

Tbe first two contained two small leaden ciste, about
8 ft. long, 1 foot wide, and 9 inches deep, which were
identified bv inscriptions as the coffins of William de
Warenne, the founder, and his wife Gundrada. From
the small size of these receptacles it is evident that the
bodies had been removed from some other spot. The
most likely one seems to have been behind the high altar
of the first conventual church. The removal may there-
fore be assigned to about 1140, when the extension of
the eastern limb of the church took place. These cists
are now in Southover church, and the bones have
been reburied under Gundrada's own tombstone in
the so-called " Warenne chapel." Dugdale,^ quoting
from the missing Register of Lewes, gives this epitaph
as engraved- on a white stone over the founder's
grave :

Hio Gulielmi Comes, locus est laudis tibi fomes,
Hujus fundator, et largus sedis amator.

Iste tuum funus decorat, placuit quia mnnus

Pauperibus Christi, quod prompta mente dedisti.
I lie tuos oinercs scrvat Pancratins ha^res,
Hanctorum Castris, qui te sociabit in astris.

Optime Pancrati, fer opem te glorificanti ;

Daque poli scdem, talem tibi qui dedit ledem.

The inscription on Gundrada' s tombstone is as fol-

M "Baronage," p. 74.

CLPfflAC PRIOBY OF ST. PANCRAS AT LEWES.

* BTIBFI! aDKUnADA. DVCV I>EC' EVI. SOBILE OEBMO :

MinXBA FVIT UIHERIS FVIT EX PIRTATK UIRIA

PABB OBIIT UAETHK 8Vp[br]iC8T PAHS HAGKA MARIB.

PIB PAH<JRATI TESTIS FIETATIS ET BqTl.

TK FAOIT HEHEDB TV CLEUENB BTSCIPB If AtHEU

SEXTA KALENDABT I\1(I1 LTX OBVIA CARNIS

IFBEOIT ALABABTRTM

r A third grave contained the remains of a monk in his
black habit; doubtless a prior. Part of bis cowl is pre-
served in a bos in Southover church.

Of the remaining graves one contained the bones of a
boy, a second the skeleton of a gigantic man, a third that
of a woman and a very young infant. Nothing, however,
was found to identify them. At the foot of one coffin
waa a email lead cylindrical case about ono foot high and
eleven incites in diameter,^' containing human viscera in
a saline fluid. Probably the body was embalmed and
buried elsewhere. Many members of the families of
Warenue and Aritndel, beside the founder and his wife,
are known to have been buried here. Among them were
William the second earl, who died 1135, and "was
buried in the Chapter House at Lewes, at the foet of his
Pat her.""

The Visitation of Sussex by Beaolte, temp. H. VIII.,"
has the following notes on interments in the chapter
bouse of the priory of Lewes:

" Wiiliani the firste Eric Waryne & Surrey farete founder of the Honse
of Sajot Pancras nsBftiiat« witLiii tbe townu of Lenys, in tlie couutje
of Sussex, wLieh Willjram & Gondradc his nyflu licth bnryi^d in tlie
Chii|>y[re of the same bowse, vhich Oondrcde waa daughter uuto Kjrnge
Wyllyam Conqueror.

" Also in the Bame place adjoynyng unto hys father lyeth buried
Wyllyam his Bone & his wyffe,

" Item in the same places lyes Willyam the fourth Eric of Waryno and
Mauldo his wy&e daughter to the Eric of Aruiidcll.

" Itni in the same howBe lyetb Raiaoiyne brother unto Kuig Henry the

ll Now in Soatborer cborch.
i " Dugdale'a BarunBf;e,'' p. 74.

f M.S. Coll. of Arnifl. D. 13. f. 15<]. I am niueli inaobtod to CliArtes A. Bnckler,
., Snrre; Ueiald Extraordiuary, iot 1Mb extract. Bad for drawing m; a>
''9 ChiohMteT effigies.

92 THE ABOHITECTUBAL HISTOEY OP THE

BecoTide & Erie of Waryne by marynge Isabell daDghter to Willyam the
iij*^ Erie Waryne.

'* It™ more in the same place lyes Richard the first of that name erle
Amndell & of Snreye next whome lyeth in a nother tombe Alianor the
Boster of Henry Duke** of Lancaster.

" Under a playne stone adjoynyng to the sayd thombes lyes John sone
to Bichard the seconde Erie of Arondell & Surrey & Phillippe his second
wyffe dowghter to Edmond Erie of Marche and next nnto the sayd John
lyes WiUym sone to Richarde erle of Arundell & of Surrey second of that
name & Elizabeth his wyfife dowghter to Lord Wil. Bowne erle of Northe
hampton.' "

On the north side of the nave of Chichester cathedral
church are the effigies of an earl and countess of Arundel
and Surrey, which are believed to have been removed
from Lewes priory at the Suppression. They are thus
described by Dallaway.*®

** Jn the Arundel Chantry, now the additional north aisle, is a monu-
ment of stone, affixed to the wall, consisting of two tables and effigies,
which appear to have been originally one and insulated. Both the figures
are of the age of Edward 8"^. The man has the sharp conical helmet and
the chain gorget, and on his surcoat a lion rampant. Such were worn by
Richard Fitz Alan, Earl of Arundel — in the early part of that reign —
and to whom a cenotaph was erected in the Chapel of Lewes Priory.
Might it not have been brought here at the Suppression, and then so
divided for convenience of space ? "

If these effigies did come from Lewes they are probably
those of Richard Fitz Alan, earl of Arundel and Surrey,
who died in 1376, and his countess, lady Eleanor Plan-
tagenet, daughter of Henry, earl of Lancaster, whose
tombs Benolte describes as being in the chapter house of
Lewes priory.

If we may assume that the chapter house was of a
regulation width — say twenty-seven feet — and if these
dimensions be laid down symmetrically with respect to
the graves, a narrow space seven feet wide will be left
between the north wall and the wall of the transept. We
cannot now say that such a space existed, though measure-
ments seem to show that it did, but had it done so it would
very well have held the day stairs to the dormitory, which
otherwise it will be difficult to assign a place for.

*' Shonld be Earl ^ *' Historj of Western Snsaez,'* I., 134.

CLUNIAO PRIOKY OF ST. PANGEAS AT LEWES.

On the south side of the chapter house was a slype or
covered passage leading from the cloister to the infirmary
on the east.

Nest to it was au apartment about 44 feet long and 35
feet wide, corresponding in position with the Benedictine
common-house or calefaclomim. In a Cluniac house it
appears to be identical with the offi.cina mngnims mlnuendi,
or bleeding-house. A thickening of the east wall seems
to shew that the usual fireplace stood there from whence
the apartment derived its name of calej acton iim.

Over the whole of this range, and extending right up
to the transept of the church, was the dormitormm. No
remains of it exist, but, judging from the undercrofts, it
was 102 feet long and 35 feet wide. At the south-east
angle was a projecting square building measuring 10 feet
by 84 feet within.

At the south end of the dormitory range, but separated
from it by a space some 30 feet wide, was the structure
called by tho Cluniacs domu.^ necessaria; — a name suffi-
ciently descriptive of its purpose. Ouly the basement
now remains, but we are able from it to make out the
arrangements pretty clearly. It was a long hall, 96 feet
by 25 feet, divided by a longitudinal wall 4 feet thick,
pierced at regular intervals by round-headed openings
about 2^ feet wide, into two unequal divisions, the
greater 18 feet, the lesser 3 feet wide. The narrow
portion formed a fosse or channel, at the bottom of
which ran a stream of water, bridged over some 15 feet
above by a row of seals. Between each of the external
buttresses of the south wall was a narrow window for
ventilation. The sides of the main liall were also pierced
with window openings — the three at the east end are
wonderfully perfect, and were found by us last year,
together with three of those in the north wall. Owing to
the great fall in the ground south of the dormitory, the
building just described does not seem to have exceeded
two stories in height, and its first floor, instead of being,
as was customary, on a level with the dormitory floor, was
some fifteen feet lower — or on the same line %vith the
af the dormitory undercroft. It was, however,

94 THE AECHITECTUBAL HISTORY OP THE

necessary that direct communication should be provided
between it and the dormitory, and this seems to have
been effected thus : the intervening thirty feet was
spanned by a bridge, 35 feet broad, at the calefactorium
floor level, which was reached from the dormitory by a
flight of steps placed in the small square chamber at its
south angle mentioned above.

The great drain which conveyed the waste water of the
monastery through the necessarium may be traced some
distance on the west. It is a well-built tunnel, 5 feet
wide, and at least 5 feet high, lined with stone, and
covered by a barrel vault. At a distance of about ninety
feet from where it passed under the buildings it was open
to the air some distance, and furnished with a sluice gate
for flushing purposes. The many absurd stories in cir-
culation at Lewes about subterranean passages to the
castle and elsewhere, derive their origin from this elabo-
rately constructed drain.

Owing to the already-explained dilBculty of site — which
only left room to the south of the church for the actual
cloister — the Lewes refectory, or frater as it should be
more correctly termed, contrary to the usual custom
amongst monks, is built upon an undercroft. The 'frater
itself has quite gone, but we are able to recover certain
data from its sub- vault. Originally it seems to have con-
sisted of five bays, measuring about 97 feet long by 37^-
feet wide ; but, as we may see from the variation in the
line of the south wall, and other indications, it has been
partly rebuilt and lengthened to 145 feet. The under-
croft was divided by a row of columns into two alleys,
covered by a quadripartite vault springing from flat en-
gaged pilaster-shafts. Each of the angles at the east
end contains a circular stair or vice. That to the south,
which has an external door only, has been long open ;
the other, which opens into the undercroft, was dis-
covered last year in the railway embankment, and by the
commendable care of the authorities has been left as we
found it, and railed round. The only portions of the
undercroft that have escaped demolition are the east end
and most of the south wall. The wall space between the

CL0SIAC PBTOBY OF ST. PANCRAS AT LEWES. 95

Kit three buttresses of the latter appears to have been
spanned by a shallow arch. Query, was this to thicken
the wall above for the reader's pulpit? In the 6rst bay
is a curious skew passage through the wall, the respective
positions of the Taultiiig pilaster within and the external
buttress having prevented its being pierced in a direct
line. The next bay has an opening with a straight flight
of steps. These must have opened on to the floor of the
frater itself, but I cannot say why. Whatever their
use, they are undoubtedly an insertion of much later
date than the walls. Between the second and third bays
there appears to beajoin of two walls of sligiitly different
dates; the later one pertaining to the extension of the
frater. Each bay of the newer portion was pierced by a
pair of windows, the actual openings being set in the
middle of the thickness of the walls. The flight of stairs
above-mentioned is inserted in the place of one of the
pair of windows in that bay.

Opening out of the north wall of the frater sub-vault
was an arched subterranean passage, 3 feet wide and
about 6 feet high, much of which still remains. It first
goes straight for a short distance, then turns at a right-
angle for a few feet, and again bending at a small angle,
terminates in a domed chamber -1 feet 3 inches in diameter.
In the first turn is a manhole. Various fanciful sugges-
tions have been made concerning this mysterious tunnel ;
but it appears to have been biiilt for no more remarkable
purpose than to carry the leaden pipes to the conduit
which stood above the dome in the cloister garth, and
BuppUed water to the various lavatories. A small portion
of the passage was removed during the construction of
the railway ; but the remainder has escaped other mutila-
tion than a hole in the right angle, by which it may be
entered from the garden it now runs under."

Of the kitchen only the fragments of three fifteenth
century added buttresses remain. These are adorned
with flint chequer work, and it is curious that the but-
tresses stuck against the walla to keep them up should be

96 THE AECHITBCTUBAL HISTOEY OP THE

left, while the whole of the kitchen itself has been swept
away. Sir William Burrell has the following note on this
part of the buildings : " Sept. 13, 1772. I measured part
of the Remains of this Priory, and found them to be as
follow. The Oven was 17 feet diameter, near half of it
is standing the Roof is composed of Tyles set perpen-
dicularly,** each 6^ broad, ii long, i thick."** This "oven**
was demolished in 1845.

Nothing is left above ground to shew the plan and
extent of the western range, or cellarer's buildings.

A few fragments of the infirmary remain to the east
of the dormitory range ; but until the application of pick
and spade, we are quite in the dark as to the disposition
of the buildings. According to the Annals,*^ " the great
infirmary was built" in 1218, and the following year
" two houses of the infirmarer were made towards the
north after Easter by William de Buckby;" but the
entries can hardly refer to Lewes, for the infirmary is
named in charters of the second earl of Warenne, who
died in 1135, by which time all the temporary buildings
must have been replaced by others of stone.

Either at the same time as the final extension of the
church circa 1145, or immediately afterwards — at any
rate within half a century of the erection of the first
permanent circuit of offices — the whole of the conventual
buildings were enlarged. Not by the costly process of an
entire rebuild, but by adding to some and altering others.
The reason of the extension, as before, was to obtain
increased accommodation.

So far we have been able only to make out the details
of the dormitory range — to which our excavations last
year were strictly limited — but it is probable that the
extension was carried out everywhere.

The great dormitory was evidently thought too small ;
it was accordingly lengthened from 102 to 213 feet, and
its width increased from 35 feet to 69 feet at the south

4S edgewise erased.

<• Add. MS., 6706, f. 86.

*^ mo cc® xTiij. Magna iDfirmaria facta est.

m9 ooo xix9, Dae domus infirm' versiui noAt facte sunt post paaoham. a

Willelmo de baokebi.— f . 167 a.

CLUNIAC PEiniiT OF ST. PANrttAS AT I.EWES.

VIrid
^^ me*

end, and 75 feet at the north ond, the two outer walla
not being parallel. This enlargement, which was made
towards the south and east, was effected in the following
manner : the space beneiith the bridge to the neceasartum,
and the sub-vault of the latter, were disused, and more or
less blocked up with strengthening arches, and in several
places filled in solid with earth and chalk ; an additional
sub- vault was then built on tho south of the necessarmm,
consisting of a wide liall 69 feet long with a north aisle.

The west wall of the new undercroft was in line with
tho west wall of the old dormitory; but the east wall
extended as far as the east end of the necessarinm, in
continuation of which a new wall was carried right up to
the transept. tXpou the enlarged area thus obtained was
erected — either entirely de novo, or by alteration of what
already existed — a building of two stories, the upper one
being the dormitory. Owing to its great width, it was
divided, at any rate so far as the first floor was concerned,
into three alleys by a double row of columns. It will be
seen on referring to the plau that the various blocking
arches in the sub-vaults are in tho lines of these arcades
to carry their weight. The east wall of the extension
bad a projecting fire-place in the middle of its length, and
a few feet north of this a small circular stair.

We have nothing to show that the dormitory occupied

hole of this great space, 213 feet long and 72 feet

ide. Even the huge dormitory at Canterbury only

measured 148 feet by 78 feet — though there existed a

second dormitory 112 feet long and 22 feet wide.

From certain foundations uncovered in 1845, it seems
that the chapter house was included in the enlargement of
the range of which it forms part, otherwise its east win-
dows would have been rendered useless. It would be
interesting to know whether the chapter bouse was not
only lengthened and widened, but also increased in height
by absorbing a portion of the length of the dormitory.

To the soutli of the great doruutory, but separated from
it by a space of 10 feet wide, is a large structure 1 58 feet
long and 24j feet wide, to which various uses have been
It is often dubbed the " refectory," but a careful

Vi ^SB bacmrmrsoBkiL 4<Hffw if

:•( I- Tm.H

fjEmm ir imitfingf ^vas "WfiiiiBrm :iae^sE mEnnr Ae

9iMv iiij^ Bfegrmg J. jmni 'zm njnuuyfimfmg^ <g Ae

T le sue iwi ic Caacar^airT iir ^os: smiff piir]^aEe, and
kacoia aa tie "^zhxri f cLvnt'uiry J*' ttis & biCT- cao ogh
^n<:tar», bazLt? 14^ tkei: jcn^ sail fS ^ffi vili&» fa«t the
Jiew^ n^jtsm/ssrwm tf Lews excea^ 31 in jsEi^ck bjr 13
feiit. Tbe tsf per cf iss ii vo ssccass h^ boeiL poQed dovn,
Iwit i#> iHieiL remazELi abG<ve srcozid dhtf it is poCBCtiy
Mi^ t<r sake 6CS n&e^ wk^ie srrsEi^eiiieniL. A s&roiip wall
h (^AX tEiek dfiided h kngnofiiziaJlT isso two giieqnal
iia;TmfAak'; ihit liionh^n cue faea^ a iwge Ul 14 feet
wi^^ a&d tie sootfaan a larram spare onif 5 feet 9
m€;heti wide. Throvigb the latter ran from »d to end a
mtfs^m of water^ making it in point of fmtt a great drain
c/r U/pm^ This was rentflated In- four small sqnare-headed
wih<if/wn in the sK>ath walL The space aboTe the drain
WM bridged f/wer by a series of sixty ardies» each 1 foot
wide^ and i^eparated by an interval of 1 foot 7 inches.
Tb#> crowfiK of these arches were aboat 15 feet from
t^M? itronuil fiijfjT line. Upon these arches were carried
Ibo ¥fooiUsu f/artitioDs separating the sixty-one compart-
UimiiHf CHch of which was 2 feet 6 inches wide. The
Jorigiiuditial wall has been removed, but its junction
at i^acli end is easily seen; and the springers of the
ntutill bridging arches which are left in the south wall
tuny b« identified by the square notch cut out at the
•"M^er rt(|(je for fixing the centering timbers while they
biiiriK l^tiilt. The remains of a window at the
1111(1 of the firnt floor level show that the longi-
rml cliviHion wall did not rise above the wooden
iig of tiio biiHotnent. After the suppression of the
ry tbii building was converted into a malt-house,

CLTTNIAC rniOEY OF ST. PANCRAS 4T LEWES. 99

■which explains the romoval of the dividing wall, and the
existence of the joist holes for tho new floor timbers.
The water course was only filled up about forty years
ago.

As in the case of the first necessarium, the first floor
line was on the level of the floor of the apartments below
the dormitory, and the intervening space was spanned
by a bridge 24 feet broad. In later times, the area
beneath this bridge was utilized for some purpose, the
east end having been filled up by a wall ; and there are
traces of a flue in one angle, and of a spiral stair up to the
bridge,

The new necessarium being so much further to the
south than the original one, a new tunnel for the water
course was constructed, of similar design to the one before
described, and the old one disused. The directions taken
by both are carefully laid down on the plan.

At some late period a great smash seems to have been
feared at the south end of the buildings, for the added
sub-vault beneath the dormitory had most of its arches
filled up with solid chalk, and the groining of the end
compartments strengthened by a lining of the same
material. The great buttresses outside the great neces-
sarium were added at the same time.

During the excavations of 1882 we found, just outside
the east wall of the great dormitory, a covered drain
nearly two feet square in section, running from north to
south. Curiously enough, the majority of the stones
which constituted the roof were worked fragments, com-
prising portions of carved pilasters and spirally fluted
jamb shafts, slabs of marble, &c., and part of a large
shallow lavatory basin.

Of tbe buildings of the outer court, such as the almonry,
&c., not a trace remains above ground, except part of the
gatehouse. This was of the usual type — a hall with
double entrance, a large one for horses and vehicles, and
a small one for foot passengers. The arches were standing
until this century. The south jamb of the great arch stiil
exists in situ at the east end ot Southover church, while
tbe smaller arch has been taken down and rebuilt at right

100 THE AECHITBCTUEAL HI8T0EY OP THE

angles to its former position on another site a few yards
away. The gatehouse was of late twelfth century date.

The whole of the buildings and their arrangements
have been laid down as carefully as possible on the plan,
two colours being used to distinguish the periods. A
section is also given of the whole of the eastern range to
shew as far as practicable the various levels, &o.

In conclusion, I can only express a hope that future
excavations may be made to lay bare the relics of the
great church, three-fifths of which still lies buried; also
of the great infirmary in the field to the east of our late
excavations.

The thanks of archsBologists are especially due to the
owner, Mr. E. B. Blaker, for so kindly permitting the
excavations ; and to Mr. Somers Clarke, jun., F.S. A., by
whom the work was initiated, and through whose energy
and perseverance most of the necessary funds were
obtained from sympathetic friends.

Appendix. — Note A.
Carta Willelmi Primi fandatoris Prioratus de lewes.

In nomine patris & filii & Spiritus Sancti. Amen. Ego Willelmns de
Warenna & Gnndrada uxor mea yolentes peregrinationem facere ad
sanctum Petram in Homa . perreximus per plura nionasteria que sunt in
francia & Bergundia causa orationis. Et cum venissemus in burgnn-
diam . didiciraus quod non potuimus secure transire propter guerram que
fuit tunc inter papam & imperatorem . Et tunc divertimus ad Cluniacum
monasterium . magnam & sanctam abbaciam in honore sancti Petri. & ibi
adorayimus & requisivimus sanctum Petrum. Et quia invenimus sancti-
tatem & rcligionem & caritatem tarn magnam ibi & bonorem erga nos a
bono Priore & a toto sancto conventu . qui receperunt nos in societatem &
fraternitatcm suam : inccpimus babere amorem & derotionem erga illam
ordinem & illam domum : super omnes alias domos quas yideramus. Sed
dominus Hugo sanctus abbas eorum tunc domi non fuit. Et quia longe
ante & tunc magis habuimus in proposito & voluntate per consilium
doniini Lanfranci archiepiscopi ego & uxor mea quod faceremus aliquam
domum religionis pro peccatis nostris & salute animarnm nostraruro. tune
visum fuit nobis quod de nullo alio ordine tarn libenter quam de Clunia-
censi eam facere vellemus. Et ideo misimus & requisivimus a domino
hugone abbate & a tota sancta congregatione quod concederent nobis duos
vel tres vel iiij^"" monachos de sancto grege suo quibus daremus ecclesiam
unam quam de lignea lapideam fecimus sub castro nostro Lewiamm que

CLUSIAO PBIOBt- OF.-^.j'^KOWfrAT^^JlWJIS.,, _ 101

fint ftb antiqno tempore in Itonore e&ncti Fancracij & iUam'3&ifeftI^»eis." '
El tanltun in principio tcrrarum & aniiualiuin & rcroni : undo tlnodectm
moDocbi poescnt ibi euatenUri. Sed sanctna abbas prins valde nobia fuit
dams ad andienilum («ic) pelitiDnem tiostram propter longinquitalem
oltene terrc & maxiine propter mare. 8ed poatqiiam nos perquisivimns
licenciam a domino nostra Uege Wiltelmo adducendi monochos Clunin-
cenaea in anglicam terram . £ abbaa ex aua parte requisivit Toliintatem
Regis : tunc tandem donavit & tnisit nobis . iiij'^ . de monachia snia domi-
nuro lanaonem & trea socios snos quibua donavimns in principio omnia
qne eis protnieimiis & confirtnavimns per acriptum noBtruni quod niisinius
abbati Cluniacenai & conventui quia nolnerunt nobis ante monachos
tnittere : qnam - baberent confirinntioiiem nostram & Regis quara eis per-
qaisiTimns de omnibas rebus qusa eis donarimus. £t sic dati snnt
micbi & uxori mee monachi Clnniacenses in Anglicam terram. Post
mortem rero domini mei Witlelmi Regis cum Giins snus renisset Wlllel-
iDDfl in Anglicam terram propter regnum . & muHa fuiaaet discordia do
regne & dubitatio de fine, it ego in multis pericniia cotidie : monstraveront
micbi dominas lanzo prior & nionacbi mei qiiod apnd Claniacnm eaaet
coDfirniocio mea qoam fcceram do rebna qnae illis dederam in principio &
qnodipsi inde nnltnm mnnimcntnm baberent & quod propter dnbia £
fatnra tempera debereia eis omnein Eecnritatcm de meie donia & con-
oeasia faccre . quod feci libenter consilio fidelium mcorum per lianc
alteram csrtam meam Yolo ergo qaod Eoiant qni sunt & qui futnri sunt
qaod ego Willelmna de Warenna Surreie comes donavi & confirmaTi deo
& sancto Petro & abbati & conventni de Cluniaco ecclesiam saneti
Pancrncij qne sila est eub caatro moo Lewiarum & eidem sancto Pancracio
& monacliis Clnniacensibus qnicunque in ipsa eccleaia sancCi Prancracij
deo servient inperpetnum : donavi pro salute anime mee & anime
Qnndrado nxoris mea & pro anima domini mei Willelmi Regie qui me in
anglicam terram addnsit & per cuius licenciam monacbos renire feci &
qui meam Priorem donacionem confirmavic & \ito salute domine mee
Matildia Regine matris uxorla mee & pro salute domini mei Willelmi
Rfgis filii sni post cuius adveiitum in Anglioam terram banc cartam feci
& qui me oomitem Snrregio fecit & pro salute omnium hervdnm meorom
& omnium fidelium cliriati vivorum & moctuorum in sustentocionem pre-
dictorum roonachorum Uancti Paiicracii mansionem fTalemetam nomine
tDtDQ) qaicqnid ibi in dnminio habui cum bida terru quum Eaalachius in
burgentela tenet & ad ipaam mnnsiouem pcrtineL Mansionem quoque
Carlentonam nomine quam domiiia men Matildis Regina dedit Gnodrade
Dxori moc & michL <& hoc concesait & confirmavit duminus tueus Rex
Willelmns in aii:(iliDm ad fnndnndum dotos monacbos nostroa totum
quod ibi babntmtis. Et in Swamberga quinque hidas & diinidiam terrara
ectum que vocatur ini^ula iuxta monaatorium cum pratU & pascnis.
Totani eciam terram qnitm ego in doniinio habui intra in^ulam in qua
moiiBsttriiim sitnm est cum molendino snper atnguum quud ibi juxta est
pusito & cnm nno sul^urbano ibi juxta posito lewjno nomine la taniaco
terram qne fnit normanni . virgumterte que vocatur Redrewelle & alteram
tirj^aiD nomine Sunforde h\ Weatedona dims hjdas cum liij" viUania
'( auo prato Deciraas qnoquc tenanim mi^amm & illas nomiualim qaaa

^ ItHfitfilTiB y^fenwe- vsMC i: imeiEB ii:
«m 3uiiuict:» r^suaueinniL. CfmoBeBiaii^n:
^UK iitmiiM* ruvL hi &«f&€nim -v^l ifosiBi. amurr:
Wimr^ vM 'VauvifunL nm. amnniEft unterrk iianiiii]
j^iGft ajftusAiut ill. xtt aifr •emxicL anicauic m
^ Inubk 4 tit Y«Ii«fCj»:aiL il -lerrs i: nMiMPif jfc jii liii- <& aqani
con. iiitnixuiifiif ir omiuivis «fmiL ser^enat t eidl imniiiiig odnv
xm. niH^c ^inr iitiBiiicift mime k iMEPBohm msk iii: sht maaam

'CMusiiMK «errjcis tnK rtnrir. ik'jen: giMHanc inmiwf -At inMiFjiw
js. T«!?sirif 4 gpmwa^rat jicr 'urauL i: mntaBL liar vft: iDiir Jir pw
ODiiuinK i^iift «!ri*J!iuf . imikf: -ruji. onuc Imnr A: mast sm -flops idh- <ik
j^wu» Tuvji ot mmL fi«rnsai' im»aitesmnL^ Xk si ib: iuiiqiiauuirfQns
ficm. iitf 3L nxrut- :: '^tium onuc iic oi: sm ^ sk vbI iinmnifff matvi
- puV'V" »nt^ ijiK ^iff joaToiL pir nw vBusnic ADtflr gut* imidiBBi Smw ui n a
€X3«cai^L«x» : e:uc'ClKumxi i: m&Dfains -m at Txassa- 3L !fiiir
fonicr 7iv73Ct:3iac xiaiuiraiE nt HacK - u BL. Sir iuaa 'acr- ^ inr
Jb 'at Tfut giuic 5iicuias Lfr*90e» aueL lo: jrmcBr iomr
ctMUDnfflixHiL T**^***' 4 fnnoL JI: fiBrvxnsBiL & acnuBL sms viiibiis foDian a
£it "ncicE. J^TfOcnft buucrf -m ■fiDtutssfliii fif \rnfc xmiL luaaiu^

A ^ODfif: ^ ItnUfflr HbOldllflllff Of- aDOUKttS 31IKSES SDlBlE RbjUIMJ

^ <:x5hQs tcasoL z^'Mumwk jann ax necasBk sasaoSi. auBBcc & Acn &
lyv" Tir^fOLifti Tidc^ ohil^xjik jaaaor ^icsC imtspx Bt miflc jpa£ IMw &

rMi!>^r»^f Eit rSnr >^ Ozaj*sssa» amexe Pfcw i r i r looiBBra J: JTiij^ <!■■■■ t
v^^^^%^ */}^ AxTft sQi.«f .rinxiL KBSrm^efhzxbt sns •rqbiis aiciBBcftuff svk de

V'N*^ ttN'^^^w. ^yt^vnr : ^:i*r rxkiiti iisres ^xik z^s^bosl. EBsbafdesiMt
^s^<^ W ^¥ ^«s^ ^^<Kr^*r!! alS^uBB fiwmitfrTiaL fEsiamrocmfi vq£» i^wrf enn
<«*4v»v^\^ IVwxytjKHV' ;Mt^itL:c?aii5 i »em,Z€T saa£SmaL Pkw r m \um tmead. hamfmu
«\U Hi^Vv^>*(i >)( \t>^sa^ 9j:^Mtai r«ccjQ.s ^£ s^ccc G^aviirmia cxariMs 4 ego
v\i\u \v^ ^vA^kU v\v^'<ti» aMQXB 4 fp^i snnEih^r Mjgcu^ froKLt Ombcs 1ms
HuVv vt^viiiii vns% \K\^^ <t<iN^ ^ $aac€o PjaeneD? ^ m^iueks 3)c i<o serntans

^viMuUi^un Ui04s^ Sosi iv«( mortem Guminife feci es kaac csctam Post cidiis

\Ui«Uviu vK^uusi \vit«uu eis pro ftoima uliTK ^ iii«a 4 Gvarsm bercdmn

M\ui>uuu lutiusii^'iu'ai in Norfolk b^ehjin nomine tccom qpod ibi babui

V\uu iiii4 l^'tuu prepo»iti& cam mnnihtut lil/^^m bc-minibtts qvoram c»-

b\(m ivluui ^^'*m\w ibi recipwbftt Et f,»fM!: ^JonAcionem me«m roloqaod

Ituiiiiiud luiu iHuu'tstMuu <& firaiAUm h i»b«K(f»t #hiu ^ earn concessit & confir-

umvit. UuuuuvM lueus Rex Willdwtw fci/'ut fr)|«H fecerat pater saos. Has

uu\mti (iUjaHvlictas res donari mou&4:UU mi Uahimdum inperpelnom tarn

irwi vt 4\uetas ab omnibiw anubik A / iifcturuiM A Hornciis sicot eas liberas

|i A Miout aliquis libr5r homo UhUi v*.| Imbiro potest sunm dominiom

Idr^ nurtm elemosinftiii. Kt u\ t^vuhiui quod rex terre aliqnid inde

Rt Vt>l hidagium vol diiriHK^'ldiHii vil r|iitt|i.iMiri,rjur.gcldum vel serricinm

quttmcumque rem t*f^o (|imiii iliu vivaiu van liberatas & acqnietatas

•*m •icn*^^ »«-"»n dotniriliim. Sc Iwrtiu moixu pout mo & soi post earn

CLUNUC PBIORT OP 8T. PANGEAS AT LEWEi

lOS

Bimillter inpurpetuuio faciant do omuibua rebus qaecumqno solent vd
poternnt »ei nmqnam contingetinposterum ab aliqno domino vel horainc
re(]niriergft Regem & ooineB hominea utmonnchi semper aint in pace & sai
omncs & omnia sua. Pro qna re volo quod ei allqua contoncio vel dissensio
Tol leaara vel aliqna ininris aurgat inter homines sancti Pancracij & me
Tcl mens nniJe iorisfaclnra evoniat : Prior Sancti Pancracii semper capiat
& habeat pro wo forisfncturam & ciDendacionem dc liominibua auia ne per
banc cansum poasint qui ventari aunt ledere & confuiidere iiomines aaocti
& sic Tolo quod faciant beredea mei Et ai e(jo aliqcia adbnc addidero rel
kercdes mci post me : volo qnod omnia ilia tarn libere donentar &
habeantnr aicnt ego iata omnia donavi & quod ipsi similiter veliot &
faciant. Et volo quod sicut ego cresco. crescanl & rea monacliormu
& sicut crcEvunt res & biiDii eorum. quod creacat numerus eorum
& sic Tolo & lando & precipio quod relint & faciant & aervent heredea
mei & firmnm & stabile habeant qnod ego feci & ego firmum & stabile
baboo quod ipsi focturl auut. Et qtiieumque contra banc donacionem
meam venerit rel earn in nliquo minuerit vel in peiua mutaverit iram &
maictliccionem del omnipotenLis & celerem vindictam in corde & in anima
in hoc mundo & in dieiudicij iticurrat. Et tola malediccio quani pater
poteat dare malie filiis snis ex parte mea super ilium veiiiat fiat fiat. Et
qoicumque banc meam donacionem servaverit & defGnderit £ aecreyerit ;
bonedictionem dci omnipoteutia & graciau in bac vita & in alia in corpore
& iu anima super so bobcat Et tota bcnediccio quam pater poteat dare
bonis filiis suis : ex parte mea super eum venint & muneat sine fine Amen
Amen. Similiter preeor Deum ut evenint si herea mens post mo vel auua
poat eum vel quicnmqne ex succcssoribus meia aliqua bona addiderit ad
ea que ego donavi quicumquo poat eos contra illonim donacionem veuerit
in malum Teniat deus contra ilhtm in malum & quicumque earn defcnderit
& servaverit : defendat eum deus ab omni malo. Pretcrea volo quod
eciant monachi mei & beredea mei qnod qoando ego & Gundrada per-

3uisivimus a domino bugone abbate qui venerat ad loquendom cum
omino meo Bege in Normanniam quod redderet nobis dominum lan-
zonem Priorem noatrum queiu toto anno apud Cluniacum retinnetat unde
torn commoti futmus quod pene proposuimus dimittere inceplnm nostrum
Tel auferre eis & dare ecclesiam noatrain maiori monosterio. tunc cciam
coDcesait nobis & promisit abbaa ad multam deprecacionem quod si dena
cresceret domum nostram foceret cam eicut unam ex magnis poat mortem
domini lanEonis vel promocionem in aliquam maiorem dignitatem,
quando monachi Sancti pancracij mittcrcnt ad Cluniacum propter
Priorem : mitlerent eia in priorem unum ex roelioribus monachia suia de
tola coiigregocioue quem acirent sauctiorem ad ordincm & ad animas
regendus secundum deum & sapieiicioreui od domum gabcrnandam
iiidnm Ecculum preter maiorem Priorem dc Glanioco & Priorem do
nqu*

Coritiile. & quod ipse foret ad remaneudum &

Um luata & mauifcsta essct causa, qnod i

" Sitrudioere & inde fccil nobis scriptum auum

c perquisivimns quia timuiiuus iie domi

' B quia res quoa meliorea

ratiouabiliter deberet
sigillo suo quod faabeo.
lanzo cnm redisset cilo

potuit : in dignttales

^eeie exKltavit Et nobis audieutibua requisivit ah abbsle qnod mitlerul

104 THE ABOHITBCTURAL HISTOEY OF THE

ei duodecim de Sanctis monacliis suis & eos omnes faceret episcopos &
abbates in terra hereditatis sue qaam ei dederat deus. Et eciam pre-
cogitavimas quod si nora adhuc domus & tenera sepe noynm Priorem
haberet & in noras manus yeniret nanquam ad magnam profectam
penreniret Et quia noluimus qnod elemosina nostra inpostemm in seen-
larem seryitutem yerteretur : tone constitatum est inter nos & abbatem
quod Cluniacam habeat omni anno . 1. solidos monete Anglice de dono
sancti Panracij & sic libera sit ab omni alia seryitute & ezaccione & geldo
Et abbas de nalla ordinacione domus se intromittat sajier Priorem nisi de
obseryancia yel emendacione ordinis ubi Prior emendare non potaerit per
se. neque de domibns suis si aliqnas nnqaam per graciam dei sub se
habuerit Sed Prior Sancti Pancracij & Conyentus semper eas liberas
habeant in sua ordinacione sicut eis fuerint donate & hoc yoluimus &
fecimus quia in desiderio semper & spe fuimus facere domum & ponere
monachos apud Acram castellum nostrum quam nolumus alibi nisi Sancto
Pancracio esse subiectam. Hanc donacionem & cartam meam feci
dominum meum Regem Willelmum apud Wincestriam in consilio con*
cedere & testimoniari per signum sancte crncis de manu sua & per signa
& testimonia episcoporum & Comitum & Baronum qui ibi tunc fuerunt
feliciter Amen Venientibus contra hec & destruentibus ea oocurat deas
in gladio ire & furoris & yindicte & malediccionis eterne Seryantibus
autem hec : & defendentibus ea . occurrat deus in pace gracia & miseri-
cordia & salute etema Amen Amen Amen.^

Note B.

Extract from charter of William, the second earl of Warenne.

** Postea yero non post multum tempus cum perfecta fuisset ecclesia
sancti Pancracij inyitatus sum a Priore Lanzone et a cunctis fratribus
eiusdem ecclesie et rogatus ab eis ut eam facerem dedicare . quod libenter
et letius concessi et conyocayi ipsius diocese episcopum dominum Radul-
fum et Walkelinum Wintoniefi et Gundulfum Royecestr' episcopos ad
eum dedicandum. Et facta dedicatione cum ad missam yentum fuisset.
yocatus sum ab episcopis ad magnum altare et admonitus ab eis ut
secundum consuetudinem sancte ecclesie : proyiderem dotem ecclesie.
De qua eciam re ante fui prsemuniter et proyisus. Monstrayerunt
quoque michi id ipsum quod michi yisum (fuit) non esse magnum
dare quod ipse in manu mea yel expensas meas habere non potni
sicut ecclesias et decimas. Hecogitayi eciam quod non fuit mea nee
pura elemosina quam feceram eis de hercham quam pater mens
eis prius donayerat et quantum ad me magis yidebatnr coromutacio
quedam quam mea donacio & quia de meo propiio quod michi potuissem
semper libere retinere yolui sancto Pancracio sicut paterno meo et eius
moiiasterio sicut capituli honoriR mei aliquod crementum facere in ilia die
dedicationis ecclesie et bora et loco dedi deo et sancto Pancracio et mona-
chis suis inperpetuum decimam meam non solum omnino decimorum

MS. Cott. Vesp. F. xy. f. 10-11.

OLUNIAO PEIORY OF ST. PANOBAS AT LEWES, 105

meornm tocins terre mee de omnibus rebus undecumque decimam dari
debet : Sed eciam totam decimam omnium denariorum meorum de Anglia
de redditibus de eventibus de omnibus omnino rebus undecumque et
quibuscumque modus michi proveniant de rebus meis Anglie Et hano
decimam denariorum meorum optuli de super altare in perpetuum dotem
ecclesie." *•

8ince the consecrators of the church were Ralph Luffa, bishop of Chi-
chester 1091—1128; Walkelin, bishop of Winchester 1070—1098; and
Gundulf, bishop of Rochester 1077 — 1108, the dedication must hare
occurred between 1091 and 1098.

Note C.

Extract from charter of William, the third earl of Warenne, relative to

the second dedication of the church.

" Hec supradicta ego pro salute anime mee et pro animabus antecessorum
meornm predictis monachis conccssi et de. c sol' in bnrgo de lewes quum
feci dedicare ecclesiam sancti Pancracii et de decima denariorum de
omnibus redditibus mcis de Anglia dotam ipsam ecclesiam et inde saisiyi
eam per capillos capitis mei ct fratris mei Kadulfi de Warennaquos
abscidit de capitibus nostris cum cultello ante altare Henricus episcopus
Wintofi. Teste Theobaldo Archiepiscopo Cantuar' Henrico episcopo
Winton Rodberto episcopo bad' Ascelino episcopo Rovescestr' qui eandem
ecclesiam dedicaverunt.'* *®

The prelates here named are Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury
1189—1161; Henry de Blois, bishop of Winchester 1129—1171;
Robert, bishop of Bath 1136 — 1166 ; and Ascelin, bishop of Rochester
1142 — 1148. The second dedication must therefore fall between 1142
and 1148.

Note D.

Grant of the site of the priory of Lewes by Henry VIII. to Thomas
Cromwell, Lord Cromwell, 16 Febr.,29 Hen. VIIL (1537-8).

'' Rex omnibus ad quos, etc, Salutem. Cum quidam finis coram
lusticiariis nostris in Curia nostra de communi Banco apud Westmonas-
terium in Crastino Sancti Martini Anno regni nostri yicesimo nono levat'
fuit inter nos querent' et Robertum nuper Priorem monasterii Sancti
Pancratii de lewes in Comitatu nostro Sussex' per nomen Roberti prioria
monasterij sancti Pancratij de lewes in comitatu nostro Sussex' deforciant
inter alia de Maneriis de Swanbergh Kyngeston iuxta lewes Southover/'
Cwv., ebv.

After enumerating all the manors and ad^owsons possessed by the
priories of Lewes and Castle Acre, the grant proceeds :

'* Sciatis quod nos in consideracione boni vi' et fidelis servicij nobis per
dilectum Consiliarium nostrum Thomam Crumwell militem dominum

" Chartulary, f. 14. *« Ihid., t 1G6.

XXXIV. P

106 THE ARCHITECTURAL HISTORY OP LEWES PRIORY.

Crumwell Custodem privati Sigilli nostri ante hec tempora fact' et im-
pens' de gratia nostra speciali et ex certa scientia et niero motu nostris
dedimus et concessiaius ac per presentes pro nobis heredibus & success-
oribus nostris danius et concedimus eidem Thome Crumwell militi domino
Crumwell totum dictum nuper monasterium sive prioratum de lewes pre-
dictum in dicto Comitatu nostro Sussex' ac totum scitum fundum
circuitum et precinctum eiusdem nuper monasterij sive prioratus de
lewes Necnon totam ccclesiam Campanile et Cemitorium eiusdem nuper
Monasterij de lewes ac omnia mesuagia domos edificia orrea grangeas
stabnla Columbaria aquas magna pomaria gardina terram et solum nostra
tam infra quam extra ac iuxta et prope scitum septum circuitum ambitum
et precinctum eiusdem nuper monasterij de lewes predicti in southover
Kyngeston iuxta lewes et lewes in predicto Comitatu nostro Sussex vel
in earum aliqua Ac etiam omnia predicta maneria de Swanbergh/' etc.,
etc."

" Eot. Pat. 29 Hen. VIIL, pars 2.

MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE
CHUECH OF EORSTED KEYNES, SUSSEX.

OMPILED BY GRANVILLE LETESON GOWER,
Esq., F.S.A.

■Against E. wall of Cbancel, N. side of E. window, a
■hite marble tablet, whereon are these arms : Azure, in
chief three miilleta argent, a crescent for difference
(Dalmah(it) : impaling, Per fess gules and aziiro, an
escutcheon within an orle of martlets argent (Board).
Crest : A dexter arm embowed brandishing a sword.
Motto : Absque metu.

To the Memory of

TheRcT-t sndlenined GEORGE HAY CLERK A.M.

Thirty-two Years Rector of this PARISU

who having liv'il a constant pflitiTii

Of primitive Pioty and Bocinl Virtue

Departed this Life in 1738 Aged 84 Years.

[ Also of MARGARET his Wife (by whom he hnd 1 1 children)

and who after a happy Marriage of 52 Years

and the practice of every Domestic Duty

Died iu 1732 likewise Aged 84 Years.

Also of MARGARET their youngest Daaght«r

long Burviv'J her Husband WILLIAM DALMAUOY ESQ' :

son of S' ALEXANDER DALMAHOY Bur:

of an ancient and honoarable Family in SCOTL.\ND

and died the 16"' of Angiist 1767, Aged 70 Years.

Alsnof ALEXANDER eldest Son of

ALEXANDER DALMAHOY ESQ' of LONDON

who died an Infant,

This Monument is erected in pursuance of the will of the said

ALEXANDER DALMAHOY ESQ'

who died Oct.jber the lO'" 1781 Aged S7 Years :

He Married ELIZABETH second Danghter of

lOHN BOARD ESQ'

latu or PAX.UILL in this County

by whom he had Is«ue 3 sons and 8 Daaghlcrs : ,

and lies here Intcrr'd ; _

just tribnle to the best of Mothers and her most Worthy Parents.

108 MONUMENTAL INSCBIPTIONS FROM THE

Against E. wall of Chancel, S. side of E. window, a
white marble slab, surmounted by an urn.

In this Chancel

are deposited the Remains of

M" ELIZABETH DALMAHOY

Relict of ALEXANDER DALMAHOY Esq'

and Daughter of lOHN BOARD Esq' of PAX-hILL

She died the 18"» of July 1788

Aged sixty-one Years

This small Tablet was erected by her Daughter

FRANCES AYLIFFE DALMAHOY

as a Testimony of her Affection

and to perpetuate the Memory

of an amiable Woman.

Against the S. wall of Chancel, a grey marble tablet,
surmounted by a shield (the arms obliterated), and on a
white marble slab.

Here Lyeth the body of M" SAPHIRA
LIGHTMAKER Wife of M' EDW^ LIGHTMAKER
of Broadhurst in Sussex Gent. Daughter of
D' ALEX' LEIGHTON D.D. Sister to D' ROB^
LEIGHTON Late ARCHBP. of Glasgow and S'
ELLIS LEIGHTON K^ who both Ly here
Interred. She was A Devout Woman and A
Mother in Israel A widow indeed & (notwith-
standing Sollicita^ns to a 2d Marriage) lived so
44 years She died in the Lord Dec' 20"^
1704 Aged 81
Prole, parente, thoro, rebus, pietate, Senecta
Ingenio, Moribus, laude, beata, obit.
Here also ly the bodies of THOMAS & MARY
the Children of M' W» PIG GOT of Limesfield

in Surrey Gent. Grandchildren to y® excellent

Matron abovespecifd THOMAS died March 8">

1701 Aged 11 Mary April 10^»» 1702 Aged 21

Likewise here ly y« bodies of THOMAS & ELIZA"^

the Children of THOMAS OSBORNE Junior of

Newtimber in Sussex Armiger her Great

Grandchildren THOMAS died April 4»»^ 1706

Aged 4 : Eliz^^ April 12 17U6 Aged 3 years

ov fiXnOeos 0io/o-Kct vcos.

Next to it, westwards, a grey marble mural tablet,
fluted columns and capitals, and above a shield

, v,vvv,u.* J -.V, X. XX f March 25**» 1780

^^ J Decern' y« 80 1714 t>„ . , J April 2'» 1728
^^"^ 1 Decern' ye 30 1715 r"""^^ 1 March 7t»» 17151

[July U"» 1719

CHUBOH OP HOBSTED KEYNES, SUSSEX, 109

with these arms nearly obliterated : Quarterly gules
and sable, a cross argent, Pigott ; on an escocheon of
pretence. Argent, a bend engrailed azure between two
bucks' heads cabossed sable attired or, Needham; im-
paling Need HAM.

In the Vault Underneath this Monument

Lyeth Interrd the Body of

WILLIAM PIGOTT ESQ.

Late of Broadhurst in this Parish who departed

This Life the 22^ day of May 1722

In the 40"^ Year of His Age

He Married the only Daughter & heiress of the Rev*

M' WILLIAM NEEDHAM of AUresfordin the

County of Northampton Batchelour of Divinity

By whom he had Issue 4 Sons & one Daughter

Viz^

WILLIAMS fOctobery«20'»» 1711)

QERVAS I
HENRY '

(April yM3"^ 1719 J

And all arc Interr'd in the same Vault
CATHERINE the Daughter and Sole Heiress is now

Surviving

In honour & Respect to their Valuable Memory s this

Monument was Erected at the Sole Expence of

JANE PIGOTT his Affectionate Wife & their tender Mother

Anno Dom : 1734

Trusting in Almighty God Through the Merits of Our

Blessed Saviour to meet them Again

In a Glorious Resurrection in Immortall and

Everlasting Happyness Amen.

In Chancel between Chancel arch and S. wall, a white
marble slab.

THOMAS PIGOTT, Esq'
Son of THOMAS & CATHARINE

PIGOTT

Born 21«' December 1738

Died 5'^ February 1793

Aged 55

Buried in the family vault here.

In Chancel on the floor near S. wall, a blue ledger
stone with this inscription in capitals.

1 i.e., 1716-16.

110 MONUMBKTAL INSCRIPTIONS FEOM THE

BUB HOC JACBT
JOANNES WOOD QUI

SACR^ OLIM

THEOLOOI^ BUBIIT

LABOREM ET NON BINE

8UM*0 HONORE HUIC

PAROCHIf PER

ANNOS XXV OFFICIUM

FIDELITER ADMINI

BTRAYIT OBIIT HONO

DIB BEFTEM^ ANNO

DOM MDCCY

iETAT 8UJE

LVIII.

On floor adjoining, westward, a white marble stone
with this inscription in capitals.

HERE LTETH THE

BODY OF HENRT 3**

BON OF W™ MOOT ESQ*

BY JANE HIB WIFE

WHO DEPARTED THIS

hlFlf THE 1 OF

MARCH 1715 AGED 9

WEEKS 4 DAYS.

Against S. wall of Chancel, outside, a large grey stone
slab, fixed upright, above six feet in height. Shield
with mantling, helm, and crest a lion's head. Arms : a
lion rampant.

Depositum

ROBERTI LEIGTOUNI

Archiepiscopi glasgaensis

Apud scotas

Qui obiit xxv** Junii

Anno D'm'i 1684

etatis Suae 74«.2

(In the churchyard close adjoining is an altar tomb to
the memory of the Archbishop, with this inscription :

Hero rest the Remains of Robert Leigbton, Bishop of Danblane,
afterwards Archbishop of Glasgow. In an age of religious strife he
adorned the doctrine of GOD his Saviour by a holy life and by the meek
and loving spirit which breathes throughout his writings. He spent in

' This wag formerly inside the Broadhnrst Chapel , but fell into bad repair
i was palled down about the year 1850.

CHUECH OP HOHSTED KEYNES, SUSSEX.

Ill

this Parish the later years of his life in deTout preparation for his
Heavenly Rest. Bom 1611; died 1684. This Memoiial was placed
here 1857.)

Eastward, against the wall, a slab exactly similar with
arms, crest, and mantling.

Here Lyeth Interred The

Body of 8' Ellis Leighton

K* who Dyed

9« Jan. 1684.«

Against E. wall of

Chancel, outside, a mural

tablet.

NEAR

this place lieth the Body

of the ReTerend

ROBERT WETHERALL

who died

On the 9*»> of Sep' 1779

In the 33^* Year of his Age :

Also MARY his wife

ob. 3l« May 1801

AET. 58.

On S. wall of Nave,
outside, between the win-
dows, a mural tablet.

In Memory of the

Rev<i RALPH GLUTTON

Rector of this Parish

Who died January

Y« 8"» 1761 Aged

66 Years

Also

of the Revd RALPH GLUTTON

His Son

Rector of this Parish

Who died April

Y« 13, 1772 Aged

44 Years.

Against wall of South
Transept (now Vestry), out-
side, a stone slab.

In Memory of

HARRY MORLEY

late of Great Walsted

In the Parish of Lindfield

He was lineally descended

from the

ancient family of Michel borne

formerly of Broadharst

in this Parish

Born May 22°* 1787

Died May IS'^ 1860.

Eastwards, on wall

of South Transept (now

Vestry).

NEAR

this place is Interr'd the

Body of THOMAS AWGOGK*

late of Barcombe in this

Gonnty Gent** who died the

16*^ day of February 1786

in the 70*** Year of his Age.

Also of MARY AWGOGK

Sister of the above THO"

AWGOGK who died the 2*

day of April 1788 in the 79"»

Year of her Age.

' This was formerly inside the Broadharst Chapel, bafe fell into bad repair, and
was pulled down about the year 1850.
* There are sereral stones in the oharohyard to members of the Awoook fiMnily.

112 MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS FEOM THE

In N. Transept of Nave on floor, Sussex marble ledger
stone.

HEERE LIETH BURIE(d)

THE BODY OP WIL

LIAM WYAT FOURT**

80NN OF FFRANCIS

WYATT esq' WHO

DIED THE 21^ DAY

OF APRILL ANNO

DOMINI 16 7 3.

Next to it, southwards, flat stone of blue marble.

Here Interred is the Body of

FRANCIS WYAT late of Treemans «

In this Parish Esq' : A Man Just and

Honest in all his Actions A Tender

Husband and a most Indearing

Parent he Departed this life the

15*^ July 1728 In the 65'*^ : year of

his Age.

On same stone, in capitals.

HERB INTERRED IS ALSO Y® BODY OF M" ELIZ. WYAT

WIFE OF Y* ABOYENAMED FRANCIS WYAT ESQ. DAUanTB'

OF ROGER BYSSHE OF FEN PLACE IN THE COUNTY

OP SUSSEX ESQ' A WOMAN ENDOWED WITH ALL Y®

EXCELLENT QUALITYE8 OF VIRTUE & GOODNESS

SHE DEPARTED THIS LIFE Y® 17*^ OF AUG"' 1726 AGED 63.

[Part of this stone is covered by a pew. Query
whether there is not a further inscription on it.]
Next to it, on white marble slab.

Here Interred is the Body of FRANCIS

WYAT late of the Midle Temple

B arrester at Law and Batchelor
of Arts He was Most Compleat in

all Accomplishments ; Beloved by
all that see (sic) Him Adorned with
Every Grace and Virtue this Bright

Good and Extraordinary Man
Departed this Life Decern b' the 14
1713 in the 27^»» year of his Age He

* This is a lar^ire old house now used as a farmhoase, aboat one mile S.E. of
Horsted Keynes Chordh. In nearly all the Pedigrees of Wyatt and elsewhere it
is erroneously written '^ Freemans." It is locally pronounced Trim-ans.

CHUBOH OP HOBSTED KEYNES, SUSSEX. 113

was Eldest son of FRANCIS WYAT

Esq' and ELIZABETH his wife

who were Deprived of Him to their

Inexpressible Greife his Early

Death being Lamented by all that

Knew Him.

Next to it, southwards, on a blue marble slab.

Near this place Lyeth the

Body of M» Richard Wyat

Third son of Francis Wyat

Esq. who Depa'^ted this

Life the 28'*^ day of Jane 1660.

MEMORI^
FRANC180I WYATT ARM QUI VITAM
OFFIOIUMQ VlOECOMIT/cTS^ (sic) SIMUL
TBRMINABAT QUARTO DIB
MABTII ANNO DNI
16 7 3.

Next to it, southwards, on blue marble slab.

Here lyeth the Body of M"

AUDRY WYATT Wife of

FRANCIS WYATT ESQ. late

of Treemans and Daaghter of

Robert Spence Esq. late of

Balcomb in Sussex who by

her pner (sic) Modesty true Charity

and Exemplary life Proned

herselfe A widow indeed she

Departed this Life the 18^ of Decern^

Ano Dom' 1693 in the Sixty

Sixt yeare of her age.

Next to it, southwards, on blue marble slab, in capitals.

HERB LIETH THE BODY

OF MART WIFE OF

GEOROB LUXFORD OF

LTNDFEILD OENT. AND

SECOND DAUGHTER OF

FRANCIS WYATT ESQ.

AND AWDRT HIS WIFE

OF THIS PARISH 8HB

WAS BURIED JANUARY

19»*» 1699 AGED 86 LEFT

ISSUE ONE DAUGHTER.

* He was Sheriff of Soasex that year.
XXXIY. Q

114 MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS FROM THB

Agaiost W. wall of Nave, near arch of N. Transept, a
large mural tablet of white and yellow marble, sur-
mounted by an urn. Below a shield with Crest : On a
wreath or and gules a demi-lion rampant sable, langued
gules, holding in dexter paw an arrow barbed and
feathered argent. Arms : 1 and 4, Gules, on a fess or
between three boars' heads couped argent a lion passant
guardant between two pheons sable, Wyatt ; 2 and 3, Or,
a chevron between three roses gules, seeded or, Bisshe :
impaling, Azure, a cross moline or, Molyneux.

Near this Place lieth the Body of

RICHARD WYATT, E8Q'

Sometime of Treemans in this Parish

He Died in January 1753

In the 64"> Year of His Age

Also the Body of SUSANNA His Wife

Dau' of the late S' THOMAS MOLYNEUX Kn'

Of Losely in the County of Surry

She Died the 29"» day of Jane 1774

In the 73* Year of Her Age.

On same wall, adjoining westwards, black marble
tablet within a white marble frame and on a white
marble slab.

This Monument is erected

As a Sacred tribute to the Memory

of RICHARD WYATT Esq' of Treemans in this Parish

Who DIED January IV^ 1816 Aged 67 Years

He fulfilled his public duty as SHERIFF of the COUNTY

and manifested by his example those mild & Christian yirtues

By which he supported bis Sickness with fortitude

and the pains of DEATH with resignation.

Below a shield with arms of Wyatt, as above, sur-
mounted by crest, the arrow or.

EXTEACTS PROM THE PARISH REGISTERS OF

HORSTED KEYNES, SUSSEX.

The Reoibteb Booke op Horsted Gaines made Anno Dok. 1638.

Christenings happeninge in the said P'ish.

1 638 Edmund sonne of John Awcocke & Jane his wife baptized Ap. xt
1642 Mary daughter of Erasmus Snell July the 30

CHUEOH OP HOESTED KEYNES, SUSSEX. 115

1644 Lawrence sonne of M' William Michilborne Esq. August the 4*
1646-7 Sybill daughter of M' William Michilborne Febt. 22">
1647-8 John sonne of M^ Abraham Michilborne Jana. 8

1648 Charles sonne of M*" William Michilborne July 23

1649 George sonne to John Awcocke Aprill 12

1649-50 Bridget the D. of M' Will : Michilbourae Esq. Bapt* Jan. 80
„ Francis ye son of Fra' Luxfor** of Westhoadley Feb. 17

Appointment of James Holford of the Parish Mercer according to the
Act touching Marriages &c. Elected to be the P'ish Register Witnessid
3 Nov. 1653. Signed Tho : Chalon'.

Elizabeth the dafter of James Holford was boome 29 day March 1654

Richard the sone of Francis Wyatt gentl. was borne the three aira
twentieth day of June 1660

John sone of James Holford was baptized 25 Jan. 1661-2

Timothy the daughter of Francis Wyatt was bom the seaventh July 1661

Mary the daughter of do. was born 7 July 1663

Henry son of James Holford bap. 30 June 1664

Mary Wyatt the d. of ffrancis Wyatt gent, bom 16 June 1668

Audery Wyatt d. of do. was born 20 Aug. 1665

Jane Wyatt the dauter of do. bora 8 Nov. 1667

William Wyatt s. of do. born the twenty twoo day of June 1670

James son of James Holford 1 May 1681

Elizabeth d. of do. 19 Aug. 1683

George s. of do. & Alse his wife 29 Jan. 1685-6

fifrancis s. of M' F. Wiett and ... . was bap. 21 Aprell 1687

Roger s. of do. & Elizabeth his wife bap. 7 Aug. 1688

Mary d. of James Holford & Alee his wife bap. 1 Nov. 1688

Richard s. of M' F. Wiatt & Eliz. his wife bap. 21 Dec. 1689

James s. of James Holford & Alee his wife 26 Nov. 1690

William s. of M' F. Wiatt & Eliz. 1 Feb. 1691-2

Thomas s. of James Holford & Alee 4 Dec. 1694

1706 Dec. 26 John son of M' Joseph Hanilen

1706-7 Jan. 17 Anne d*"' of M' Thomas Osborne & M" Eliz^^ his wife

1710 Nov. 22 George son of M' Tho. Pointin

1711 July 13 Hannah d. of Francis Luxford
1712-13 Jan. 3 Joseph s. of M' Tho. Pointin

1714 Dec. 31 Gervas son off William Pigott of Broadhurst Esq. was

bapt.

1715 Dec. 31 Henry son of do.
1719 Ap. 14 Robert son of do.

1723 June 3 Alex' son of M' W. Dalmahoy Surgeon in Sonthwark

116 MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE

1782 Not. 23 Granado s. of M^" Thomas Piggot of Broadhant Genf^

1784 Jane 3 John son of M' Charles Baker Schoolm'

„ Oct. 15 Eatherin danght/ of M^ Thomas Pigott of Broadhant
Gent™

1786 July 18 Thomas s. of John Awcock Jxxn^

„ Ang. 17 Frances D. of Thomas Pigot Esq'

1788 Elizabeth Daughter of Tho> Pigott Esq: & Catherine his wife

Dec. 13

1789 Thos. 8. of do. & do. Jan. 1«'

1742 Citizen son of ye Eei^ W Ralph Glutton & Elizabeth his wife
Bom March 25 Bap^* April 30.

1747 Richard s. of John & Eliz. Stretfield Sep. 12

1757 Granado Cnffy, a Black born in Gainea, Feb. 27

1768 Thomas s. of Thomas & Mary Awcock July 81

1770 Turner s. of Scipio & Mary Bristow Oct. 28

1772 Mary d. of Thos : & Mary Awcock Aug. 30 from Fletchen

1778 William Francis John son of W™ & Anne Ridley Not. 16

1774 George s. of Thos. & Mary Awcock Sep. 4

1783 Not 4 Fanny Eliza d. of James Phelp Esq' & Eleanor his wife

1784 Aug. 25 Laura Eliza d. of do. & do.

1788 Sep. 6 Elizabeth Frances D' of Thomas Wyatt Esq' & Sarah his
wife

1790 Feb. 7 Henry son of Thomas Wyatt, Esq' & Sarah Hay Patte-

son his wife

1792 Oct. 6 George son of do. & do.

(Searched to 1812.)

Marriages commencing 1638.

1639 John Baker gent. & Frances Pankhurst Aug. 21"^

1644 Thomas Mascoll & Alee Nutforde Jan 9 (1644-5)

1658 James Holford & Elezebeth Skeeper weare married 14 Dec.

M' William Pellett and Mary Wood widdow gent, were married 15 day
of Aug. 1666

John Mills & Hanna Challener were married with license from the Aich
Bishop (sic) of Chichester 8 of Aprele both of the Parish of
Lingfield

1707 Jan. 21 John Newnham & Anno Luxford both of Fletching married
here on certificate

„ Ap. 80 Thomas Stanley from Croydon & Eliz. Plett from God-
stone married here on certificate from both Parishes

7-8 Jan. 6 Jenkin Jones Schoolm' here and M" Mary Wood by
license

m mm r\

CH0fiCH OP HOBSTED KETNES, SUSSEX.

117

na Fob. 13 William Pecklam from FritmfieM & Mrij Hart by

license
„ Nor. 13 Tbomas Stone & Eliz. Lcvett both of Worth by license
1724 May 17 Emmanuel Huggat of Lingfield Surrey & Anne Welfare

of H. K.
1736-7 Feb. 1 M' Jeremiaa Dyson & Anne Hay both of thia Parish by

license
1740 Richard Alcock & Hannah Luxford Deo. 11
1746-7 M' William Reading of Kimbel & M" Mary Anniateftd widow

Feb. 5

1749 Henry Freeman of Meastom' Surrey & Eliz. Langridge of this

Parish May 15

1750 James Ciwloncr & Eliz. Wing July 27

(Searched to 1812.)
Buriali commencing 1638.
;638 B' Richard Michelborne Knight baried Septemb' s

,, Nicolas Roots gent, Dec. x
1C40 Cordell the Lady Micbelborne Septemb' j" 2

1644 Anne Penree gentlewoma' July 8

1645 M' John Skepper Reef Jan. 30 (1G45-C)

1647 M" Penelope Michelbome wife to M' Abraham Micbelborne Janaa.

11 (1647-8)
1649 Lawrence sonce of M' William Micbelborne Esquire Ju!y 17
„ M" Mary Ellyott y' Dangbt' of 6' Edward Burton of East

Bourne in Sussex & wife to George Lllyott Ewj' of Qodal-

minge in Surrey March 14 (1649-50)
John son of James Holford bur, 24 Ap. 1658
Elizabeth wife of do. 16 Aug. 1653
James Holford 22 Nov. 1663
Henry son of do. 5 Dee. 1663
1664 Richard Cboles from " the furnace " 9 May
1673 William eon of flfrancca Wyatt Gent. 10 May
1673 M' ffrancca Wyatt Gent, was Buried 28 Febr.» (1673-4)
1679 M' Giles Moore* Minester of ye P'ish was Buryed y' 3 day of

October
M' Stephen Pert Minester of jo P'ish was Buried 20 Sep. 1680
M" Anno Micbelborne of Blamer 26 Mar. 1686-7
Robert Laithlen'" Docktor was Buryed the 27 day of June 1684

I Merslham- So pmnomioad loaattj at the presnnt time.

• The ilaui giren on tbo mrinamotit&l awao U Uarch 4lh

« The author of (ho Diiu7 printed in " Suasei Aroh. Call.," Tul. I.

VThe Anih bishop of Gtajiguw.

I- .1^

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172C Ar./r..'. -l" M- W-i,: W.::Tr

17ZfJ y\r*ri; 2'''/r-\f Y.j:-'\ -. r. -.: WiZLlz: F:j::s E>:. was broagfat

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J* H'» j./'v r,'"! *'.': ri»:f,r.. :^v;r.. a:. I : T-.r i \z.^ r«::n-m->n c^p to the
^fjf' ' ^«f/■^ K'/r.'-a .:. 1 "■ 5. ^'■-~ '•-" i.-.-cr. •: : "* !"-•? «.i.f: cf Fdirard
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!i.-/,f «•# ;r. yu:>> *.t '\.'.A *r. ."- • rjr..- :r.-.' i-.'-t-ir- F. "• K. for Francis
yiit.t ;, fir.'l t\i\'ii I'i'f.J. Jri*! :>:!.. i.r.;?, wbicr* :s of brick, id mainly
I fi'iffio <-fiiit«T \,*,\M'iui%\ Tr.r; Cf-iiTrc, toi^eri.cr with the intemml
til, n(/rf«; with ihf; hU^'o rlato. There i.'j a fine oak-panclled room

Chof

CEUBCH OP HORSTED KEYNES, SUSSEX. 119

1730 March 26 M' William Pigott only son of W°» Pigott Esq. deceased
was buried in the South East corner of his own Chancel

173 J March 18 Lucie an Infant dau' of M' Crawford

1736 May 5 M' Benj : Colins Curate here was buried in the Chancel

1737 Nov. 8 The Rev* M' Geo : Hay late Rector of this Parish wius

buried in his Chancell

1739 Thomas Alcock of Barkham March 28"»

1740 M" Margaret Hay Widow of y« Rev'^M' George Hay late Rector

of the Parish Ap* y« 17^

„ Elizabeth Daughter of Tho« Pigott Esq: & Catherine his Wife

June 10
„ Catherine wife of Tho* Pigott Esq. Not. 4

1741 Citizen son of the Rev <> M' Ralph Glutton & Elizabeth his wife

Nov. 12

1743 Citizen son of do. & do. Ap. 13
1745 Dorothy Alcock Aug. 9

1748 M" Alice Avery Oct. 10

1749 Thomas Pigott Esq : Feb. 22

1753 Richard Wyatt Esq. May 11

1754 M' Joseph Hamlin March 4^»»
1756 Granado Pigott Esq. Sep. 15

1759 Philadelphia D. of James & Anne Awcock May 6

1760 M" Jane Hamlin Widow Jan 26

1761 The Rev<> M' Ralph Glutton Late Rector of this Parish Ja"' 12
1763 Francis Luxford Sen' Aug. 20

1766 Widow Luxford April IV^
„ M" Martha Keeler died March 26 and was buried March 31 aged
94 years & 8 months

1770 Alexander son of M'^ Alexander Dalmahoy & Elizabeth his wife of

S^ Martins Ludgate London March 9

1771 Mary wife of Scipio Bristow July 30

1772 The Rev* Ralph Glutton Junior late Rector of this Parish died

April 13 and was buried April 18 1772 Aged 44 years

„ Anne wife of James Awcock May 13
. y, Thomas Awcock Jun' of Barkham May 14

1773 William Francis John son of William & Anne Ridley Dec. 18

1774 Susannah Wyatt from Cheam Widow of M' Rich* Wyatt of Tree-

mans Gen* July 8

1775 Ayliffe Phelp Relict of the Rev* Abraham Phelp Aug. 2
1777 Frances Tufton widow Dec. 17

1779 Rob* Wetherall Clerk Sep. 14

1781 Oct. 11 Dame Awcock wife of Thos« Awcock

SES

4fi

Bt sir G. F. DTJCEETT, EiET.

CtiETEES OF THE ABBEY OF CLFNI : MOEE

PAETICULAELY AFFECTING ITS AFFILUIED

^^OET OF ST. PANCE.1S, AT LEWES.

[ The National Archives of Franco erabraco a vast collec-
tion of Chartularies and historical dociiraenta relating to
the Abbey of Cluni. The greater part of tho Cluni
Charters are in the possession of the National Library,
but some are interspersed also among tho Archives of
ancient Burgundy at Dijon, and those of the Department
of Safine-et-Loire, at MAcon.

Among the evidences of the Benedictine Abbey of CUini,
aB far as research iiae at present enabled us to ascertain,
those which relate to its English affiliation, the Priory of
St. Pancras, are pt'rhaps, in an English point of view, of
chief interest, in respect of the controverted question of
the parentage of its co-foundress, Gundreda, Countessde
Warenne. It had always been admitted that, in addition
to the charters quoted by Dugdale in his " Mona^ticon,"
other evidences of this Priory were somewhere in exis-
tence, although difficult to be traced, and it was hoped
that the collection of original documents recently
submitted to the British Archaeological Association at
Brighton, forming part, until lately, of the Chapter-
Uouse Records at Westminster, were some, at any rate,
of which antiquaries were iu search.

It was nevertheless among tho original evidences of
the niotber-oommnnity of the Abbey of Cluni, that the
chief hope of discovering the Foundation Charter of Lewes
Priory, and obtiiining other satisfactory solution of the
Gundreda difficulty, was predir;ted; although the exis-
tence or QOD-existence of any such evidence was a matter
lived in considerable doubt.

122 CHABTBBS OP THE ABBEY OP CLUNI.

One point has at length been solved in this matter, the
discovery, namely, among the Cluni * charters, of the
original Confirmation and Deed of grant of that Priory.
No other documentary evidence, however, has hitherto
been discovered tending to solve the question of Gun-
dreda's Royal descent, but there is every hope of obtain-
ing direct evidence of the fact.

The document in question, hereto annexed, is in the
most perfect preservation, and heads a series of other
historical records relating to our earliest Norman rulers.

Apart from its chief importance and bearing on the
above-named controverted point, the document is of great
historic interest and value. It fills up omissions and cor-
rects the imperfect copy of the same charter which the
late Mr. Blaauw had used in his paper in disproof of
Mr. Stapleton's assertions [" Archaeologia," XXXII.,
123] (taken by him from a printed copy in the " Biblio-
theca Cluniacensis ; " Martinus Marrier and Andreas
Quercetanus, Paris, 1614), and the witnesses to its attes-
tation are some of the most noted persons of that early
date. Among these, in addition to the Conqueror, are
his Queen Matilda; his son Wm. Rufus (here unusually
styled comes) ; William de Warenne and his wife Gun-
dreda ; Robert de Bellomonte (Earl of Mellent) ;^ his
brother Henry de Bellomonte (Earl of Warwick) ;* Robert
Giffard;® Roger de Mortimer;* Geoffrey de Calvo Monte j*

^ Robert Count de Beaumont, son of Boger de Bellomonte ; recorded for hiB
valour and prowess at the Battle of Hastings. His last signature as " Bellomonte*'
was in 1081, subscribed to the confirmation of a charter to the Abbey of F^camps.
From that date his signature occurs as Count de Meulent, the title which he
held OB the death of his mother. He was created Earl of Leicester bj K. Henry
I., whose army he commanded in 1106 in Normandy. His 2nd wife was Slixabeth
de Vermandois, who deserted him for William, second Earl of Warren and Surrey.

* Brother to the foregoing Robert de Beaumont ; created afterwards Earl of
Warwick. On the death of the Conqueror both he and his brother sided with
Rufus.

3 Mentioned by O. Vitalis as joining the expedition in 1084 under Robert Gnisoard.
At that time, following in the Gonqueror^s train, were several Giffards : — B^renger
Giffard ; Gantier Giffard ; Osberne GifiEard. (List of the Conqueror's followers, by
Delisle, 1862, Caen.)

* Dugdale, quoting William de Jumi^ge, says, that ho was allied by blood to the
xKjueror, his mother being niece to Gunnora, wife of Richard, Duke of Nor-

^^y? great-grandfather of the Conqueror.

mana^^ness to a deed in the Chartulary of the Holy Trinity at Caen.
* Wi^

CHARTERS OP THE ATIEEY OP CLUNI. 123

iftlpli, the Steward of tbe Household ;" and Maurice,
the King's Chancellor/

The value of this original record cannot be over-esti-
mated, for admitting that no mention is made in it of
Gundreda's relationship to Queen Matilda or the King, and
obviously so, for both were alive at the time, still we glean
from it corroborative facts of equal significance. It is
the very charter which was wanted to upset the theory of
the non-validity of de Warenno's second Charter of Foun-
dation, granted to Lewes Priory in the time of Rufus, for
de Wareune ospecially refers to it in that very second
charter, where, in speaking of the Conqueror, he says : —
"Qui meam priorem donalionem confirmavit;" and it
strengthens and confirms many points, which, although
needing no additional confirmation, have been so un-
scrupulously raised of late into matters of doubt where
none existed. With respect, for instance, to the title
of " Comes" given to Rufus in this document. This
designation is given to him when witnessing the charter
of St. Stephen at Caen (1077), tliough it is absent in
Domesday. It is also added to the name of hia elder
brother Robert (Neuat. Pia, 648), and is given to both,
when witnessing tlie charter of the St. Trinity at Caen
(1082). The plain inference from this is, that Gomes
and Comitissa were the titles of the Conqueror's and
Matilda's issue. Gundreda is repeatedly styled " Comi-
tissa," and although we have cause to know that Comes
(Warenne) of Domesday would justify this designation of
bis wife, we now find every reason to believe that Gun-
dreda was styled " Oomttissa " as the King's daughter,
irrespective of her husband's position, more especially
where she is named with Henry I ; — " In Norfolcia," Kar-
letuna," &c., quam dedit Matildia regina, Mater Henrici
Regis et GuudredEe comitissoi.

Now the falsification and forgery of ancient records
has often been very conveniently urged of late, in cases
where " the nut was found somewhat too hard to crack,"

Bappoiatod in I07T (Spolmon).

124 CHARTERS OP THE ABBEY OP OLUNI.

but we unhesitatingly affirm that the absence of all allusion
to Gundreda's paternity in this original charter is one of
the greatest possible proofs of the genuineness of de
Warenne*s second charter of foundation. It was natural
and necessary that after the death of his wife and her
relations, the founder should enter into detail and par-
ticulars, and allude amongst other matters to Queen
Matilda as " Mater uxoris mece.^^ These particulars were
in this case doubly requisite, first because, as we know,
the repeated confirmation of a charter became absolutely
necessary in the feudal system ; and secondly because
the monks of Lewes pointed out to de Warenne, on the
accession of Rufus, that the convent had no authentic
muniment to produce ; their first charter, confirming their
deed of gift having been lodged at Cluni.

The foundation of the Priory of St. Pancras was first
made, as will be apparent, by the " advice " of the King,
and this, of itself, is a corroborative proof of some close
connection, and displays the interest which the King took
in its founders. But it will also be seen with greater
interest and some surprise to those who deny or disbelieve
in Gundreda's Royal descent, that some (if not all the
lands forming the first foundation of the Priory) were
lands of her dower, if not of her inheritance, for it will
probably by further research transpire that they formed
part of Q. Matilda's portion.® Falemeta ** sicut tenebat
earn supradicta uxor mea " (hodie Palmer, in Lewes dis-
trict) was one of these ; and Suamberga (which we iden-
tify as Swanborough, Swanberg), was probably another,
with the lands omitted to be named by the scribe. These
grants of land bespeak importance and position, and are
corroborative and undeniable facts. The order, also, in
which the names are subscribed in the original charter is
significant, but cannot be conveniently shown in the
annexed copy.

' We observe, sinoe penning' the foregoing, that the late Mr. Blaauw confirms
our view, and makes no quest 'on about Matilda. His words are : — " Gundreda
contributed her own land at Falmer, which her mother, Queen Matilda, had given
her." (" Sussex Arohaeological Collections/' II., 9 ; *' Archax)logia," XXXfT.)

CnABTEES OF THE] ABHET OP CLUNI.

125

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126 CHARTERS OP THE ABBEY OP CLUNI.

We may, in conclusion, observe that the inquiry re-
specting the Cluni charters, was most courteously made
at our instigation by the French Ambassador, who un-
hesitatingly took up the matter, though not falling within
the scope of his diplomatic position.

The result of his Excellency's inquiry is as follows : —

(Copy.)
Direction Paris, le 28 Ootobre, 1885.

DE LA

Biblioth4:que

Nationale. KAdministrateur g^n^ral,

Monsieur TAmbassadeur & trfes honor^ confrere.
Les chartes de Tabbaye de Cluni ne donnent pas le
moyen d'dclaircir la question au sujet de laquelle vous a
6crit Sir George Duckett. La qualification de " fille du
Roi '* n'est point donn^e a Gondreda dans la charte de
f ondation du prieur6 de Saint-Pancrace de Lewes, qui est
conservde en original a la Bibliothdque nationale. cTai
rhonneur de vous envoyer la copie de cette charte, que
j'ai faite ligne pour ligne et lettre pour lettre. La pifeoe
est d'une conservation parfaite ; elle ouvre la s^rie des
actes des rois d' Angleterre, qui sont group^s dans une de
nos galeries d'exposition.

Veuillez agrder, je vous prie, Monsieur TAmbassadeur,
& trfes honord confrere, I'assurance de ma haute consid^
ration, & de mon entier devouement.

L. Delisle.

AlOGICAL MEMOEMDA EELATING TO

ITHE FAMILY OF "WHITE OF HORSHAM,

ISTEYMKG, SHIPLEY, AKD COWFOLD, CO.

SrsSEX, OF MITCHAM, CEOYDON, AND

reigate, co. surrey, and of london,
lWith pedigree.

Bv E. GAERAWAT BICE, Esq.

; family of White, of HorsLam, now apparently ex-
tinct in the male line, can lay claim to some antiquity.
Although never occupying a particularly prominent place
in the county, they held, at least for some generations, a
very respectable position, and were connected by mar-
riage with several well-known Sussex families. By
referring to the accompanying extracts from numerous
parish registers it will be seen that members of the
family migrated to various places; one branch was, how-
ever, connected with Horsham and its neighbourhood for
upwards of three hundred years.

"Rycherd Wliyte the elder," who was buried at Hor-
sham on 1st July, 1551, appears to have been the
progenitor of the family. It would seem that he had a
Bon, viz., Richard White, who was also buried at Hor-
sham on 24th of May, 1620, and who is described in his
burial entry as " an ancient Howshoulder." He was
probably the founder of the fortunes of the family, and
appears to have been by trade a " blacksmith,"' and in
that capacity his name is frequently mentioned in the
Churchwardens' accounts.' It is not unlikely that he was
also engaged in the iron-smelting trade, whicli at that
time was a great industry in Sussex. Tiiat he was a
mau of some substance, and able to give his sons a good

' See poit p. Ifii.

128 ME WHITE i'AMrLY Ot HOESHAM, EfO.

start in life is evident, for his eldest son Richard, who
also appears at one time to have been connected with the
iron trade, although finally a yeoman, was one of three
inhabitants of Horsham who were fined £10 apiece about
the year 1630 for neglecting to take up their knight-
hood.^ Matthew, his second son, was, it would seem,
also a yeoman ; and Samuel, his third son, who is
described as of Horsham, gentleman, was probably an
attorney.

From the middle of the 17th century the family appears
to have adopted the profession of the law. One branch
settled at Steyning, and was seated there for about
seventy years. " Mr. Richard White, Attourny," ap-
parently the last male of that branch, was buried in
Steyning Church on 21st Sept., 1703. Another branch
settled in London, for it appears that Matthew White,
baptised at Horsham on the 23rd Nov., 1617, and who
died before the 7th March 1669-70, was, at the time of
his death, of St. Botolph, Aldersgate, London, Citizen and
Merchant Taylor.

Thomas White, of Horsham, gent., nephew of Richard,
who was fined for knighthood, was appointed a seques-
trator of the "Vicarage House of Horsham,'* etc., in
1643.^ He also appears to have been by profession an
attorney, and a well-to-do man. By his second marriage
with Margaret, a daughter and co-heiress of Matthew Tay-
lor, Citizen and Grocer of London, he had issue, besides a
son who died young and four daughters, a son and suc-
cessor, viz., Thomas White, Esq., who, during his father's
lifetime, was elected M.P. for Horsham, his native place.
He was probably a barrister, and for a few years resided
at Mitcham, co. Surrey, where most of his children were
born. He evidently raised the family in social position,
and was finally of Shipley, co. Sussex, Esq. The seal
with which he sealed his will bears the rough representa-
tion of a bird [Pcock], and it is perhaps an impression
from the " Scale ringe '* which he received by direction
of the will of his grandfather, Matthew Taylor, who

' See " Suss. Arch. Coll.," Vol. XVI., p. 49, also post p. 156.
' See post p. 156.

THE WniTE FAMILY OF HORSHAM, ETC.

129

wqueatUcd "unto ray Grandsonne Thomas White my
Seale ringe and my Tobacco box,"

The "Whites of Horsham do not ever appear to have
home arms, and they were probably iu no way related to
the family of that name seated at " Nordiam and Winchel-
sea," in the same oounty, who returned their pedigree
in the Visitation of Sussex 1633-4, and bore for arms : —
Paly of six, or and as. on a chief of the second a griffin,
passant, of the first.

Thomas White, Esq., above-mentioned, married Jane
Pellatt, daughter of William Peilatt, who was of the
Bignor family of that name, and by her he had, with
other issue, a son, AViUiain AVhite, finally of Horsham,
gent., who, by direction of his father's will, was to be
educated "in the practice of the Law." WilHam White,
gent., had issue by Bethia his wife, besides other children
who died young, two sons and four daughtcr.^^. Tlie latter
married respectively with John Sbelli.-y, of Field Place,
in Warnliam, Esq., J.P.; Charles Pilfold, of Wainhara
and of Effingham, co. Surrey, gent., grandfather of tlie
poet Shelley'; the llev. John Woodward, Hector of West
Grinstcad; and Sir Ferdinando Poole, of Lewes, Bart.
The Rev. Thomas White, LL.B., fiftli son of William
White above-named, became Rector of Faccombo and
Tangley, co. Hants. William White, the third, but eldest
surviving son, was for some time of Horsham, but finally
of Cowfold, CO. Susses, gent. He died in 1802, and left
two sons, viz., Charles White, of Gratwick, in the parish
of Cowfold, Esq., who died unmarried in 1829, and
James White, Esq., of Wooldringfold, in the same parish,
which he had built in the early part of the present cen-
tury. He married in 1805 Sarah Hughes, but died
without issue in 1844, when the family appears to have
become extinct. His widow survived until 1860, and
dying at Worthing was buried with her husband at Cow-
fold.

From the foregoing remarks it will be seen that the
White family were connected with the county of Sussex
for very many years, and that members of it contracted

130 THE WHITE FAMILY OP HORSHAM, ETC.

alliances with several well-known and influential Sussex
families, and to those already mentioned may be added
that of Barttelot of Stopham, and Mitchell of Stamerham
in Horsham, also Harp^rave of London, and Heathfield of
Croydon. The curious way in which they intermarried
with some half-a-dozen families, who were also connected
by marriage, will be seen by reference to the somewhat
intricate pedigree given on page 160.

EXTRACTS FROM PARISH REGISTERS RELATING TO

MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY OF WHITE AND THE

PERSONS WHOM THEY MARRIED.

CooMBES CO. Sussex.^
Man-iage,
1710 Dec. 28 Walter Bartelott, Esq. and Mary White, Widow of
Steyuiiig.

CowFOLD CO. Sussex.®
Marriage,
1805 April 30 James White bachelor, and Sarah Hughes spinster, both
of this parish. By Licence, In the presence of Wm Margesson.,
Mary Margesson., Elizabeth Hughes.

Burials,
1829 June 18 Charles White [of] Cowfold [aged] 56 years.
1844 Dec. 11 James White, Esq. [of] Cowfold [aged] 68 yrs.
I860 Nov. 6 Sarah White [of] Wooldringfold in Cowfold [aged] 84
years.

Croydon co. Surrey.^
Burials,
1741 June 17 Mary Heathfield® wife of John.
1776 Not. 22 John Heathfield Esq"", aged 78.

Greatham CO. Sussex.^
Marriage,
1723 May 23 W" Pellett of Penhiipo Surry, Esq. & Margaret White of
Gretham.

Horsham go. Sussex.^^

MaiTiages,

157| Jan. 17 Richard White m to Mary KyiOfin, both single & of this

P'ish.
1613 May 2 Richerd White and Joane Grumbridge.

* From " Burrell MS.,'» viz., " Add. MS./' Brit. Mub., No. 6698, p. 892, pencil
fo. 192.

• The writer is indebted for these entries to the Eev. James Browell, Vicar of
Cowfold, who kindly searched the re^ster for him.

f Copied from the Parish Register by the writer.

■ Danghter of Thomas White, of Shipley, co. Sussex, Esq.

» From " Burrell MS./' viz., •* Add. MS.," Brit. Mus., No. 5699.
>• So in the MS., but correctly Pendhill.
11 Copied from the Parish Begister by the writer.

THE WHITE FAMILY OF HORSHAM, ETC, 131

1675 Aug 12 Robert Michell gent. & M" Margaret White, Spinster,

Married.
1682 Oct. 19 Mathew White Gent, and Mary Higgombottom, Widdow,

both of this Parish, Married.
1752 Dec. 22 John Shelly Esq^ and M" Mary White.
1762 May 4 N<> 138. Charles Pilfold of the Parish of Warnham cO.

Sussex, Yeoman, and Bithia White of the Parish of Horsham,

Spinster, by Licence.

Baptisms,
1548 Aug. 12 Mary the dowghter of Rycherd Whyte & Alys hy6 wyfe.
155^ Feb. 21 Margaret the dowghter of Rycherd Whyte now dede &

Alys hys wyfe.
1563 Aug. 22 Mary daughter of Richard White.
1577 Sep. 4 Mary daughter of Richard White & Mary.
158^ Mch. 21 Richard son of Richard White by Mary.
1584 Nov. 11 Mathew son of Richard White by Mary.
158| Mch. 23 Samuell son of Richard White by Mary.
1588 Nov. 3 Joane^^ daughter of John Grnmbridge by Joane.

1614 May 22 Richerd son of Mathew White by Lea.

1615 Dec. 17 Thomas son of Mathew White by Lea.

16{4 Jft^' 1^ Elizabeth daughter of Richard White by Joane.
1617 Nov. 23 Mathew son of Mathew White by Lea.

1619 Aug. 8 Lea daughter of Richard White by Joane.

1620 June 14 Samewell son of Mathew White by Lea.

1621 May 6 Mary daughter of Richard White by Joane.

162| Feb. 15 Lea daughter of Mathew White by Lea, Bapt., and buried
the 20th.

1624 Apl. 14 Rachell daughter of Richard White by Joane.

1625 Aug. 10 Mary daughter of Mathew White by Lea.

1626 Sep. 17 Richardson of Richard White by Joane.
163^ Jan. 13 Samuell son of Mathew Wiiite by Leah.

163^ Mch. 2 1 Richard son of Richard White, Gent, by Mary.

1658 Apl. 24 Robert^^ gon of Edward Michell, Esq. by Mary born

Aprill 10th.
1660 June 21 Jane daughter of Thomas White, gent, by Margret, borne

May 31.
1663 July 3 Elizabeth daughter of Thomas White, gent, by Margret,

born June y® 7.
1665 Mch. 29 Mathew son of Thomas White, gent, by Margret born

March y« 21.
1667 May 24 Tliomas son of Thomas White, gent, by Margret born

May y® 2^ .
1669 Apl. 15 Frances daughter of Thomas White, gent, by Margret

born April 1.
1678 Nov. 12 Mathew White y* son of Mary Barnard borne out of

Wotilock M"" ^Mathow White the reputed Father as she

affirmcth, borne the 8^'* of Nouember.

'* She married Richard White, of Tlorshara, Yeoman.

13 He married Margaret, daughter of Thomas White, of Horsham, Gent.

132 THE WHITE FAMILY OP HORSHAM, ETC.

1703 June 3 Bethiah^* Daugh. of John Waller, Inholder.
172f Feb. 20 Charlesi^ son of M' John Pillfold by Mary.
178^ Feb. 25 Thomas son of M' William Wite by Bethyah.
173i Jan. 25 Mary daughter of M' William White by Bethyah.
173f Mch. 6 William son of M' William White by Bethiah.
1735 Aug. 27 Margret daughter of M"^ William White by Bethia.
1737 Apl. 13 William son of M' William White by Bethiah.

1739 Oct. 31 Bethiah daughter of M"- William White by Bethiah.

1741 Nov. 27 Henry son of M' William White by Bethiah.
1743 Aug. 31 Eliz'^ daughter of M' William White by Bethia.
1745 Sep. 13 Thomas son of M' William White by Bethiah.

1749 Apl. 14 Sharlott daughter of M' William White by Bethiah.

Burials.

1551 July 1 Ryeherd Whyte the elder.

1552 May 13 Margaret the dowghter of Ryeherd Whyt now dede and

Alys hys wyfe.
1594 Oct. 26 Mary White a mayden.
]60| Mch. 4 Marie the wif of Richard White.
1611 May 16 Thomas White an ould Bachelor.
1615 Sep. 15 Mary daughter of Richarde White, iun.
1620 May 24 Richard White an ancient Howshoulder.
1626 Dec. 19 Samuell White, Gent.
16|-J Mch. 16 Joane the wife of Richard White.
1641 July 30 Richard White, Houshoulder Killed by John Browne his

neere neighbor with a strok with a staff.
164| Feb. 24 Samuell the son of Mathew White.
1651 Dec. 27 Richard White, gent.

1655 Mch. 26 Jane the wife of Thomas White, gent.

1656 July 7 Mathew White an ould Man, dyed at Chisworth.
1666 June 8 Mathew the son of Thomas White, gent, a Child.

1668 Aug. 4 Lea White, Widdow.

1669 June 19 Margret the wife of Thomas White, gent.

167f Feb. 19 Frances White, a Child, the Daught. of Thomas White,

gent.
1679 May 1 Margaret^^ the wife of Robert Michel, Gent.
1681 Mch. 28 John Higgombottom, Gent. Housholder^^.
1695 Nov. 15 Samewell Whight, Gent.
170| Feb. 19 Mahew {sic) Whight, Gent.
1719 July 20 Thomas White, Gent.
1729 Aug. 10 Robert Michell, E8q^l8
173J Feb. 18 M" Jane White, Widdow.
1733 Aug. 9 William Son of M*" William White.

1740 Dec. 11 Margret daughter of M"" William White.

1742 Apl. 8 Henry son of M'^ William White.

14 oi.«, married William White, of Horsham, Gent.

\rried Bethia, daughter of Wiiliain White, of Horsham, Gent,
^^r of Thonms White, of Horsham, Gent,
asband of Mary, wife of Matthew White, of Horsham, Gent,
id of Margaret, daughter of Thomas White, of Horsham, Gent.

THE WHITE FAMILY OF HORSHAM, ETC. 133

1764 Mch. 9 William White, Gent.

1764 Sep. 8 M« Bathia White Widow.

1765 Mch. 8 Henry White, Gent, a Batchelor.

1779 Jane 10 Bethiai«> the wife of M' Chas Pilfold.
1784 July 6 Master Henry White, a youth.

1788 Oct. 8 The Reverend Thomas White, Clerk, Rector of Faccomb

and Tangley Hants.
1790 Aug. 1 M' Charles Piifold^o from Effingham.
1802 June 7 William White, Esq'.

Lewes go. Sussex, All Saikts Pabish.^^

Baptisms,
1658 Oct. 25 Jane d. of M' Thos White of Horsham & Jane.

Burials,
1658 Dec. 22 Jane d. of M' Thos Whitt.

London, St. Dunstan in the East.^

Marriage,
1656 July 28 M' Thomas White, of St. Dunstan in the West, Gent, &
M" Margaret Taylor of this parish, Spinster.

London, the Fleet.^^

Marriage.

1780 Apl. 28 William White, Gent, of Horsham and Bathia Waller of

the same, Spinster (" private ").

MiTCHAM CO. SURREY.2*

Marriage.
1695 Dec. 80 M' Thomas White & M^' Jane Pellat (at Tooting).

Baptisms,
1678 Aug. 14 Jane2« dau. of M"* William Pellat.
1697 July 24 Mary dau. of M' Thomas White.

1700 May 28 Matthew son of M' Thomas White.

1701 July 1 Thomas son of M' Thomas White.
170| Jan. 19 Margaret dau. of M' Thomas White.
170| Mch. 23 Will*" son of Thomas White, Esq''
1706 July 21 Henry son of M*^ Thomas White.

Burials.
1700 Apl. 9 Jane dau. of M' Tho: White.

1700 Aug. 22 Mathew son of M' Thomas White.

1701 Sep. 16 Thomas son of M' Tho: White.

*• Daughter of William White, of Horsham, Gent.

*• Hasband of Bethia, daughter of William White, of Horsham, Gent.

" From "Barren MS." viz., "Add. MS.," Brit. Mus., No. 6698, pp. 175 and
177, pencil folios 98 and 94.

** The writer is indebted for this entry to G. E. Cokayne, Esq., Norroj King of
Arms.

>» " History of the Fleet Registers," &c., by J. S. Burn. 2nd Ed., London,
1834, p. 126.

*♦ Copied from the Parish Register by the writer.

" She married Thomas White, of Shipley, co. Sussex, Esq.

136 THE WHITE FAMILY OP HOESHAM, ETC.

of these " Slabs '' were to be found, either in the church
or churchyard, in June, 1878, it is probable that they
were destroyed, with several others, when the church was
restored some few years ago. Unfortunately Dallaway
has, probably by an error, omitted the year of death from
the inscription to Matthew White, and the month given,
viz., " Dec. 15 " does not agree with any burial entry of
that name recorded in the register. Sir William Burrell,
who visited Horsham Church on 27th Sept., 1773,^
does not give the inscriptions from, or even mention
these "Slabs."

" William White, died March 2, 1764, aged 60/'
"Mathew White, died Dec. 15, aged 60."

On a white marble tablet^* fixed to the south wall in
the tower of Horsham Church : —

TO THE MEMORY OF

THE REVD THOMAS WHITE LL.B.

LATE RECTOR OF FACCOMBE AND TANGLBY IN THE

COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, YOUNGEST SON OF

WM WHITE ESQR AND BATHIA HIS WIFE

LATE OF HORSHAM.

THE REV© THOMAS WHITE DIED AT THIS RECTORY

ON THE BOTH DAY OF SEPT. 1788 AGED 44.

Beloved and lost he lies consigned to earth
In the same parent soil which gave him birth ;
With kindred ashes mix'd, graced by their tears,
Who watched with heavy hearts, his wasting years,
Not to surviving friends his tale wo tell
Too well survivors know the loss they feel
Nor need the poet's or the sculptor's aid
To mark the spot, where their dear friend is laid
Let virtuous strangers heave a sigh, let those
Who seek the mansion where the just repose
When they shall trace in days of future date,
Within these walls the sad records of fate
Pause on the virtues which this stone adorn
And read the merits of the man we mourn
His inborn worth with social sweetness joined
The mild forbearance of his manly mind,
This soul that scorn'd to wear the glos of art :
The warm afifections of his friendly heart,
His nobler praise a course from earliest youth.
In the straight paths of honor and of truth.

38 " Burrell MS.," viz., " Add. MS.,'* Brifc. Hub.. No. 5698, p. 430, ponoil fo. 209.

»» Copied in Nov., 1878, by the writer. An abstract of this insoription is given
in Dallaway by Cartwright, ** History of Western Sussex," Vol II., pt. 2, p. 357, but
it is too late in date for Sir Wm. Burrell, who visited the church on 27 Sep. 1773.

THE WHITE FAMILY OF HOKSHAM, ETC.

Stevnino CO. StriHEX.'"

On a Sussex marble Ledger at the west end of the
South Aisle : —

HEIiE LIKTH Y BODY

OP RICHARD WFIITK

GENT WHO DEPARTED

THIS LIFE THE la'^" DAY

OF SEpT AN'' DOM 17.. .3

Agfd 65 Years.

SlOrHAM CO. SOBSBS,"

" On a Black Marble Tablet affixed to the North "Wall
of the Chancel " : —

" Here licth the Body of lanbel the Wfe of Walter Bartollot Esq,
who dopaited tliis Lifo March the SD" In the year of Our Lord 1707.
AIeo near this Flaee lieth Mary<^ the second Wife of the above Baid
Walter BartelJot, who departed this Life the 29"" of June in the year 1721.

Underneath this plncQ lieth the Body of Walter Qartellot, Esq. who
departed this Life the fourth of Jai)ua.ry, 1743, in the 79* year of hia
age."

Wauniiam CO- SrasBS,

TliG following inscription was in the church when
Sir AVm. Burrell visited it in Aug., 1773," but he
does not state its position. It is said by Dallaway** to
have been in the " South Chancel," and as it cannot now
be found, it is probably covered by the wooden flooring.

" In a Vnult nndemeath lieth interred the Body of Mary the Wife
of John Shelley, Esq'- Who died January 4"" 1759, aged 27 Years."

Dallawaj" states that the following inscription was on
a "Slab" in the "South Chancel." Like the previous
one it is now either gone or covered.

" John Shelley, Esq. oh. Oct. 4, 1790, Bt. 61."

*' Dallawa? giTes an abstract of this iascriptiati (" Hietorr ot Western SnsBei,"
Ed. 1830, Vol. IL, p. 169), but places it andcr tho head of ■> Moral HonnineiitB."
The Blune doea not appear, bawoTei', to hovo eyer been fixed to the wall of tho
ohorcli. The third figora in the datd ia now qiiiie effaced. Dnllaway (riTsa the date
u " 1753 ; " thia it clearly an error, for it ie otident from the regiitter that it sboald
bo 1703. Sir Wm. Barroll AvB» not mention this iascription in his Stefning
ohnrch-notea entered in " Add. US.," Brit Mdb., So. G,69S, p. 511, penoil fo. 248.

« From •■ BnrreU MS., vis. " Add. MS.," Urit. Mas., No. e,6a9.

" Beliet o( Riobard White ot Stoyning', eo. Sxiticx, Gent., Attomoy-at-Law. She
is called incorrectly in iho pedigree nt Bortellot, given in Siua. Aroh. Coll.,
Vol, XSVri., p. 68, "widow (if John White, £b<|., of ateyning."

•> " BurroU US.," ri*. " Add. MS.." Brit, Mui,, No. e,S98, p. G26, peticil fo, 3U.
8m alio Sdu. Arch. Coll.. Vol. XXXIll., p. 147.
— ** " Hlatorjr of Wctttirn SnEaei," Dallan-ay t>j- Cnrl*rig!il, Vol. tl., pt. 2. p. 371.

138 THE WHITE FAMILY OP HOESHAM, ETC.

West Grinstbad co. Sussex.*^

On a "Mural Monument."

** Elizabeth, third daughter of William White, of Horsham, Esq. wife
of the Rev. John Woodward, rector of this parish, died Jane 26, 1797,
aged 53."

" Also the Rev. John Woodward died May 5, 1807, aged 73."

ABSTRACTS OF WILLS AND ADMINISTRATIONS
OF MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY OF WHITE AND ALSO
THOSE OF SOME OF THE PERSONS WHOM THEY

MARRIED.

Abstraot of the Will op Samuel White. (** Archdeaconry Court
of Chichester,*' Vol. XVIL, fo. 144.)

12 June 1626, 2nd Charles " I Samuell White of the Pish of Horsham
in the County of Sussex weake of bodey . . . my bodey I comite to
the erth to expecte the generall resurrectione. . . to Mathew White the
younger sonne of Mathewe White my brother of Horsham and to his
Heeres all y^ my house and land " etc. in Horsham called Su'mers, but if
he died without children then ** unto Thomas Whitte the second sonne
of Mathewe Whitte my brother aforesayd, and to his Heeres for erer,*'
and to said Mathew White '* fower score pounds," to be employed by his
father to his behoof until his marriage or age of 21 years, also a bed,
spoons, etc. but if he died then to said Thomas White. — ^* to my Consen
Henry Meapones fower children '' £10 apiece at their days of marriage
or ages of 21 years, the said. money to be employed by my exor, and their
father.— "to Rachell White the Daughter of Richard White my
elder brother" 20» at her age of 16 years. — "to Sarah Bushnell my
Goddaughter " 20* . — " I glue to the sayd Thomas White my brothers
second sonne all my bookes of what sort and kinde soever, the rest of my
goods ungiven I bequeath to Mathewe White my brother whom I make
my executor.'* Signed : — ** Samuell White ... in the p^'sence of
Frances Bushnell, the marke of Thomas Worshfold, Martha Pleadger."

Proved 31 May 1627 by Mathew White, brother of deed, and
executor.

Abstract op the Will op Richard White. (P.C.C. 142 Evelyn.)

3 Aug 1637 '* I Richard White of Horsham in the County of Sussex,
Yeoma' being sicke in body . . . my body I comitt to the earth'*—
to the church of Chichester 6^ — ** to Elizabeth White my daughter** —
property etc. in Horsham bought of Bristowe Sharpe. — to my son
Richard White at his age of 21 yrs — ** to Leath White my daughter" at
her age of 21 yrs. — to Mary my daughter — my ** houses and landes lying
neere Burchen bridge " — " to Rachell White my daughter" at her age of
21 yrs. — Residue " to Johan my wife and Elizabeth my daughter whome
I make whole and sole Executrixes of this my last will and Testament^ I
in treat my brothers {sic) Mathew White and Richard Waller*^ to be

«• *' History of Western Sussex," Dallaway by Cartwright, Vol. IL, pt. 2, p. 817.
*' He marned a sister of Johan, wife of Richard White. See extniota from the
^ill of John Ghroombridge, pott p. 148.

THE WHITE FAMILY OF HOESHAM, ETC.

f this my will," and giro to each nf tljcui 20*. Signed : —

" Riciiard White ... in j° [ir'sL-uoe of Mathuw White, the murko of
Joliii Niishe, theinarke of Joliii Saver."

PrOTod V2 Nov. 1041 bj EiizubeLli White daughter of deed, and one
of Ihe executrixoe, Johan White the oilier executriK being dead.

ABaTHAor OF thb Will of Ricuirh Whitb. {P.C.C. V2 Fairfax.)
IG Nov. 16^8. "I Richard White tie elder of Steaninge in the
Count; of 8n«BeK, gent, being infiime in boddj." — to the poor of
8t«Aninge SO' — " Dnlo ray lovinge wife Mary White " lands etc in West
Ureensted co. 8us«ex called Easiconrt Land and Hatherell, tny ineadow
ID Sceaiiinge cnllcd Dunalake with the Horaeleee thereto belonginge —
" my three daughters " — to my son Richard — to my dau. Mary — to mj'
dau. Dorothy — to my dau, Elizabeth. — Besidue of goods etc " to my saide
wife Mary White whome I make sole Executrix . . . and 1 desire my
loruing Father Mathew White of Horsham and ray brother Thomas
Wbile gent, of the same, to be aydingc and assistinge to my saide
Executrix" Signed: — "Richard VVLite ... in the presence of va
Kohert Edaawe., ITiOmas Edaawe., Alice Tharpe, her Marke "

Proved 11 Jan. 1648-9 by Mary White, rollct of said deed. &ad
Gxcuutrix.

Abstract of thb Will of Matthew Wbitb. (P.C.C. 456 Berklei/,)
S 8ci.t. 1655 "IMaUiew White of Horsham in the County of
SuBBex, being eicke in bodie," etc. — " to Leiilh White my Grandchild "
fl&O at her age of 21 jr§. or at marriage — " J give to 'ITiomas While,
Mathew White, Mary Potlil liue shillings apeeee, my mind and will is
ijiat if Lcnth While my grsnddiild happen to I)epart« this life before the
accorapIi>cd time Limited, That Mathew White and Samuell White my
grandchildrcu shall have and i-nioy her portion. And whereas in the
nsrae of Thomas White my Bunne Certain woods in hordcn iu Kent
were bought of John Oervia the Bemainder thereof now vnsold, my will
ftud minde is that Thomas White shall sell ihem to the Ttmosl value, And
the money Riaeing to giac to Mathew White and SnniuuU White my
grandchild re u, when they shall accomplish the age of " 21 yre. Residue
of goods debts etc. " vnto Leath White my wife to the Intente and
purpose shee shall vppon Recovery thereof pay to Mathew White and
Hamnell White my grandchildren when they shall accomplish the age
of" 21 yrs. — " I doe make and ordaJiie Lenlh White my wife to bee my
Eieentrix . . . P'inu Mathew While ... in the presence of, the morke
of Elizabeth Eaton., John Urgle."

coved 1 Dec. 1656 by Leath White, the relict ond esecntrix.

MTBACT OF TUB Wii.L OF Maby Wbitk. (P.C.C. 172 Mico.)

665 " I Mary While of Sleyning in the County of Sussex

Wtdduwe, being of a weake and infirme body " etc— to my dtiu. Mary
£10. — " all mj Quods tJbattella I'lute and ready money " except the
^10 al'ori^suid U) be divided into tbrtio equall parts and " my Executrix
1 Brsl make cboise of one third part thereof for her owne vse,
lof my will is that my best lied and Furniture therevulo belonging

140 THi wmra faxily of hosshav, itc.

thalbepart. Ami the otKor two parts of mj said goods and GhmttieB soe
to be Dtrided I gire to my Danghters I>orot]i j Wliile and Elizabeth
White . . . whereof mj said Daughter Dorothj is to make her choice
before the said Elizabeth, And I make and appoint mj said Danghter
Marj Sole Execntrir . . . The marke of Marj White, ... in the
Presence of Bernard Chatfeildf the marke of Joane BoddL"
ProTed 15 Xor. 1666 bj Mary White daughter of deed, and execotrix«

Ad mlsis 1 it ATioy OF Matthsw Wmim. (P.C.C-)

7 March 1669-70. Administration granted to Alice White, relict, and
Mathew IVliite, the son, of Mathew White late of the parish of St. Botolph

Aldersgate, London, deceased.

ABsraACT or thx Wnx or Jon^r HiG€E3rBOTro]i.^ (" Ardideaconiy
Court of Chichester,"* Yol. XXVII., fo. 216.)

20 March 1630 '^ I John Higginbottome of Horseham in j* Countj
of Sussex gent, being Sicke & weake in bodj . . . mj bod j I Comitt to
J* earth to bee decentlj interred att j' discrecon & Charge of mj Extriz
hereafter named " — Mj shop etc. in South Street Horsham " mto Mary
mj loTeinge wife " for life and at her death ^' mto mj Kinsman John
Olliffe Son of Mary OIIifEe of Buxted in the Countj of Sussex Widow &
his heircs for eu." he to par £20<) to said Mary Olliffe — ** mto Mary my
Sister now y* Wife of Thomas Hills of Rjgate in y* County of Sussex
(tic) gent . . . mto my Kinsman Thomas Coulstocke of Fletchinge or
Horsted Keynes . . . mto my Aunt Barnard . . . Tuto Nicholas Best
of Horseham afores** Butcher . . . mto Robert Best of Horseham
afores^ butcher. Son of Robert Best deed. ... to Richard Manners
. . . unto my mother forty shills. to buy her a Ringe, Item I gire mto
my father in Law M** Thomas Brett twenty shills. to buy him a Ring, &
to my Sister Hopeshill Brett <& to M** Mathew White & to M' Samuell
White & to each of them twenty shills. apeice to buy each of them a
Ringe . . . mto my Cousin Mary Stedwell now liringe w*** me " £50 at
lier age of 21 yrs. — " vnto Thomas Picke of Horseham aforesaid Ghirur-
gion y® Sum of" 50* . — " vnto Henry Coe John Daniell & Anne Bennett
my God Children'' £5. — '*to my Servant boy Thomas Caine" £5.
** mto Thomas Delves now or late of Horseham gent. & John Artridge
of Lewis " £5 ** apeice to buy them & each of them mouminge " — ^to the
poor of Horsham £5, and to the poor of Newicke co. Sussex 20* . —
** Appoint Mary my loveing Wife Sole Extrix ... & desire my lore-
ing & trusty friends John Mitchell of Warnham in the County of Sussex
Esq' & John Roberts of Nuthurst in y« s** County Gentle, to be Ou'seers **
and give each of them 10*. Signed: — "John Higgenbottom ... in
the pr'nce of Leonard Booker, George Booker, Will : Coe, Rob. Hall."

There is no Probate Act entered with the registered copy of the wilL

Administration of William Withers.**^ (P.C.C.)

6 May 1681. Administration granted to Mathew White, Principal
^-«'litor of William Withers late of Hamersniith co. Middx. deceased to

*ry bis widow married Matthew White of Horsham, Gent,
married Alice, relict of Matthew White, Citizen and Merchant Tailor of
whose AdmoD. granted 7 March, 16G9-70. Which see above. *

THE WHITE K.VMILY OP HOBSHAM, ETC.

Kdniinialiir the gooda etc of eaid deed. Alice. Wilkors, rulict of s&iddecd.
OXpTeaflly t enouncing.

Adkikistratios or Saxubl Wbitb.'*' ("Archdeaconry Court of
Chicb ester.")
28 April 1698. AdoiiuistraUoa of the goods etc. of Samuel White
late of Uoreliaia co. Sussex. i;ent. deed, vm granted to MatLew Wliite
iiis brother.

Abstract or the Will op Matthew WttiTE. (P.C.C. 78 Degg.)
13 Fob. 1702 "I Mathew Wiiito of Horsham In tlie County of Sussex
Oent. being iudisposed iu body . . . And my body 1 commit to the eartU
to be decently interred in the Parish Church of Uorsham at the disccetioD
of my executors" — to the poor of Horsham £5 — " to aiy dear and loving
wife Mary Whittt . , . unto George Arnold Son of my niece Grace Arnold "
aud his heirs, property etc. at Horsham after the detease ol my said
wife, also property at Chiltinglon co. Susses " which I lately purchased
of M' Edward Slielley Son of Henry Shelley late of Horsham aforesaid
Gent, deceased " to suid George Arnold at his age of 21 yra. — to M'
Hobert Gardiner of Horsbnm — '' unto my niece Margaret Saunders wife
of M' John Saunders of Horley in the County of Surrey," and to her
children at their ages of 21 yrs. — " unto Ralph Arnold and Mary Arnold
children of my aforesaid niece Grace Arnold," £100 apiece "to be put out
and placed at Interest in the name of the aforesaid M"" John Saunders
their Uncle " until their ages of '2 1 yrs. or days of marriage. — to my eousen
M' John Hargrave — to my conseu M" Jane White— to Mary Wood-
re and Hoi>estill Woodyeare Children of M^ Rowland Woodycare»i
lydeceascd— to my brother M' John Warden" and his irife — "to

» Tfas writer is indebted to B. H. W. Dniildn. Esq., for this oduiimgtration.

U He married tvst nt Hursham 1 Feb., 1693.4, " Hi«. Uury Sutedwell," and she
wu buried there V2 Sep., 1700, oa "Uory;' wife of U' fiawtan Wooder, a
Lonilonar." Tlie iiauin of bis secend wife won Rachel ; she aurrivod bim anil re-
narried . . . Cay, but died before SB May, 1706. His burial is nnt recorded at
Uonham. In bis will dated 14 Mareb, 1701, proTod io P.C.C.,21 Uarcli, ITOl-2
(fi6 Heme), by Baehel Wixidjaue, relicc and eitrir, be is deocribeil as " Rowland
WooOjvareof tbe pariib of 8l. CleuieritB Danes in the Connty ofUiddx. Woollen
Dnpor.* On 'M May, 1700, HdmiiiislraCioa with tbe will annexed was ifrauted to
John Warden aud JUary WMtt, nriilmi), oarators to Mary and Ho|>catill Woodyeare,
niiuuri, cbildren c)[ Itowlaiid Wooilyeare, abaTcsaid deed., to administer the goods,
etc^ of tbe said deed, fur the UitieHl and during ibe niinoi'ity vl said miaon.
Rachel Cay, alias Woodyeare, ihe relict and eitrri, baving doeoued.

" John Warden, of Bnilor'a Qresa, iu iho parisb of Cuokfleld oo. Sasset,
Attorae; at Law. Altliuugb called " btot-bor," his only oimneoLion with cho
Intator appears xo bavo been thoc ho hod marriud, as sMond wife. Hopestill
Polbitc, sister ut tcstaloc's wife, a danghuir and ou-beir of Thomas Brcti, of Hor.
aham, and uf Bromley, in tbe pariah of Newiok.OD. Sussex, Qont [see abatract u(
bis will, iioat p. 151 and note], and widow of Franols PelUIt, of Ijary, in iho same
oomity. Sir William UurroU ("Add. Ms.,*" Brit. Mas., Nu. Mi's) tfives lior Srst
■aarriaice from the Farisb Register at Newick ttins :— 16i:<l Apl. 26 M' Fra. Peliet
vt Bmr A H" Brett. She waaliviiii; and wife uf Fraaeis l-ellatt, dont., 19 Har,
1681. and 81 Doe., l(iS!>, and it probatfty tbe person whnsii marriage is rpcorded la
IWish Bsgliiter of S laugh am, eo. Susim, ihtis;-.16i)l Sppt. M, "M'John
of y" f nriah uf CoookHeld A Hope Brilt of Horsham." According to Sir

142 THB WHITE FAMILY OP HOBSHAM, ETC.

mj consen Thomas White E^*^ , all that my moiety or halfe part of a
Messuage or Tenement Farme Lands and premises . . . known by the
name of the Dial post Farme ... in the parishes of West Grinsted and
Shipley in the said County of Sussex/' — to my niece Margarett Saunders
aforesaid. Lands etc in the parishes of Ashington and Washington co.
Sussex " which did descend and come unto me by the death of Samnell
White my brother " — to said Grace Arnold property in the parishes of
Ashburnham Wartling Hurstmonceaux and Horsham co. Sussex, also
'* Lands Tenements and Hereditaments with the appurtenances called
Foxhole lying near Birchin bridge in Horsham for life " and at her death
'* unto my cousin Ralph Arnold Eldest Son of the said Grace Arnold
and his Heirs for ever " — *' unto my nieces Margarett Saunders and
Grace Arnold " Residue " unto my said loving wife Mary White and
my aforesaid brother M^ John Warden whom I make joint Executors.**
Signed : — *^ Math : White ... in the presence of the said Testator Rob.
Hall., Senior., Robert Hurst., John Hall."

Proved 24 April 1708 by Mary White relict of said deed., and John
Warden, the executors.

Abstract of the Will op Richard White. (P.C.C. 242 Degg.)

24 Sep. 1691. " I Richard White of Steyninge in the County of
Sussex, Gent. . . . and my body I committ to the earth to be buryed in
such decent manner as my Executrix hereafter named shall think fitt." —
to my wife Mary White for life my messuage lands etc. " in the County
of Kent commonly called Horden and Pookhale with my messuage lands
and Tenements usually called the Moathouse al's Little Granety in West
hoadley in Sussex with my severall houses lands and tenements in
Steyninge aforesaid (which I alsoe settled on the Marriage of my said
wife for life)," also other property at Steyning and Shipley for life, and
at her death, except the messuage etc. ''called the Moathouse aPs Little
Granety, unto my Sister Mary Squire and her heirs,'' also leaves to said
sister, messuage etc. ** in Richard Haylors occupation lying in Ashurst
and Steyninge or one of them, held of Magdalen Colledge in Oxon.**
The Moathouse al's Little Granety after decease of said wife ** unto my
sister Elisabeth Alchorne and her heirs," also £100. — to said wife '' all
the goods household stuffe and silver plate which she had or brought
with her before her marriage and all her owne gold, and the gold I gave

William Burreirs extracts from the Parish Register of Cackfield (« Add. MS.,"
Brit. Mns., No. 6,698) *' Tbos. s. of Mr Jn. & Hopestill Warden'* was baptised 17
Jalj, 1695. The parents are evidently the persons married at Slaagham as above,
and there seems little doabt that *' Hope Britt " in the above entry is an error for
** Hopestill Pellatt." In the pedigree of Warden and Sergison, given in S.A.G.,
Vol. XXV., John Warden, who died 1730, is said to have married, as second wife,
Hopestill Pellatt, of Horsham, widow, dan. and co-heir of Thomas Brett, of Hor-
sbam and Newick, Gent. Sir William Burrell records the annexed inscription from
their monument ** Over the Door in the South Isle " of Cuckfield Church, and
which Captain Attree, R.E., informs the writer still remains : **Near this Place is
interred the Body of John Warden of Butler's Green, who Died the 30th of April
1730, aged 79 Years, And also of Hopestill his Wife who died the 22nd Jnly 1749
aged 92 Years. To whose memory this Monument was Erected by Franeia
Warden, Esq. their only Son — Goardez-la-Foy."

THE WHITE PAMILV OF HORSSAM, ETC. 143

T*nd olber thin^ siuce Ler marriage and Uie nse of all my goods
clinttella'' etc. during ber n'idonhood, but at liur marriage or death all
aforesaid goods etc. "to be equally divided between my two SiBters
Mary Squire and Elienbeth Alchorne," Appoints loving wife sole
executrix and •' my loving friend M". Jolm Backshell of Seeding and my
CoQzen Hiigli Pcnfold of Sorapting to be tlie Overseers of this my last
Will" etc. and leaves them two guineas apiece. — "And tbe true intent
and meaning of tliis my will is That if inj said wife shall happen to be
wii\t child at the time of my decease, Then I give and bequeath all my
inesBunges lands and tenements whatnoerer unto such child uud his or
her heirs, after the decease of my wife, except the said Leasehold lands
given to uiy Sister Squire, And I give unto such child all my Per-
sonal! estate vihalsoever except the one hundred pounds given to ray
Sister Alchurne aa aforcsBiil . . . Ki : White . . . ia tlie prescnoe of as
W" Scrns,, Will : Longmer., George Solines."
■ ProTcd S Dec. 1703 by Mary White, relict of deed, and executrix,

■Abstsact or THK Will »e Tuomas White. (P.C.C. 4G ShalUi:)
Kr'20 Aug. 1717. " ITliomns While of Shipley in the County of Susseji,
jEsq' . . , uiy body I commit to the Earth to be decoutly interred accord-
ing to the discretion of my Kxemtors . . . unto niy Dear and loveing
Wife June my Charriot or Calash and two of my mares" — onto my
yonngest Son Henry White — to my dau, Margarett While at her age of
21 yrs.— to my eldest son William White — to my sister Jane While —
"after the death of Robert Hall of Horsham in the said County,
Mercer" — my farm in the parish of Shipley colled "Pond Taile "— my
farm in Shipley and West Orinslcad culled "Dial post Farme " — "I
do hereby will direct and appnint that two hnndred pounds of my per-
sonal Estate shall be applyed to the patting out my eldest Son William
Wliite to be Educated in the practice of the Law . . . unto my two Ber-
rants Juhu Antill and John Cooper " £5 o('icce— " my Will and desire
is to be buried privately without any vnine Pomp or costly Fonerall and
only rings to be given to such of my relations as ray Executor ehall
thinh fitt and order and who shall be invited or desired to come to my
(\iaeral and I do appoint and desire my loveing Frcind John Linfeild of
Horsham Oent.'^ to be Guardian to all niy said Children and to look
after and manage all their worldly affairs for them during their respec-
liie uiinoritys ... I doe make ordein and appoint my Eldest Son
William While Sole Executor," and bequeath him resitlae of personal
estate whatsoever. Signed : — " Tho. White ... in the presence of the
said testator, Oeo : Arnold., Jo: Taylner., Austin Coom."
h On 26 Feb. 1719-20, ail ministration granted to Mary White, Spinster,
■tor lawfully assigned to William White, Minor, son and executor
' the Will of Thomas While late of Shipley eo. tiiussei, Esq.
_^ __i, to administer the goods etc. of said deed, acconiing to the lennor
tttd effect of the Will of said deed, for the use and benefit of the said
', until he shall attain the age of seventeen years.

144 THE WHITE MMILY Ol» HOESHAM, ETC.

Abstract of the Will of Robert Alchorne.** (P.C.C. 1 Tennison,)

12 July 1716. " I Robert Alchom of the Parish of St. Mary Newing-
ton Butts in the County of Surrey Gent , . . and my body I commit
unto the Earth to be decently interred in the Church or Churchyard of
the said Parish of St. Mary Newington Butts at the discretion of my
Executrix ... I do give and bequeath unto Such and so many of my late
brothers and Sisters Children as shall be living at my death and unto all
my other near Relations twelve pence apeice if demanded and no more."
Leaves residue of estate whatsoever " to my loving wife Elizabeth
Alchome her heirs and assignes for ever " and makes her sole executrix.
Signed : — " Robert Alchome . . . Witnesses . . . Joanathan Boulter.,
Thomas Rumbold & Thomas Wats, Scr.''

Proved 28 Jan. 1717-18 by Elizabeth Alchom, relict of deed, and
executrix.

Abstract op the Will op Robert Michell.** (P.C.C. 251 Abbott)

10 April 1724. "I Robert Michell of Petersfield in the County of
Southampton Esquire being in good health of body . . . whereas upon
my Marriage with my late Wife Theodosia I did settle '* divers messuages
etc. " and whereas I have no Issue Male by my said Wife Theodosia *'
— to my dau. Catherine — " unto my two brothers in Law the right
honourable Charles Lord Hallifax, then the honourable Charles Montague
Esquire, and Christopher Montague Esq*" " — to my son Edward Michell —
" my Nephew Theobald Michell son of my brother . . . and I do hereby
appoint that the said Theobald Michell shall be presented to my advow-
son of Denton aforesaid when the same shall nexl; become vacant . . . and
appoint my said daughter the sole Executrix of this my Will" and leaves
her the bulk of his property. Signed : — Robe : Michell ... in the
presence of the Testator Clem^ Wearg., Benj* Blackbume., Robert
Watson."

Proved 3 Sept. 1729 by Catherine Michell, Spinster daughter of said
deed, and sole executrix.

On 30 July 1731 Administration granted to John Jolliff, Esq. hus-
band and administrator of the goods etc. of Catharine Jolliff, otherwise
Michell, deed, whilst she lived dau. and only executrix and residuary
legatee named in the Will of Robert Michell late of Petersfield co.
Southampton Esq. deed., to administer the goods etc. of said deed.

^ Apparently Bobert Alchome, Citizen and Merchant Taylor of London, who
mar. Elizabeth, dan. of Richard White, of Steyning, co. Sussex, Gent, (see post
p. 157). They evidently had a son Richard who, in his will dated 17 Feb.,
•♦ Anno Dom., 1693-4," 6th Wm. and Mary, proved in P.C.C, 20 Sept., 1695
(213 Irby)f by Robert Alcome (sic), father of deceased and exor., is desoribed
as : — " Richard Alcorne of St. Saviours in the County of Surrey, Marr. belonging
to their Ma'ties Ship the Royall Soveraigne have and by these presents doe make
ordaine and constitute my honoured Father Robert Alcome Citizen and Merchant
taylor of London my true and lawfull Attorney irrevocable*' etc. He leaves
everything ''unto my Father Robert Alcome*' and makes him sole exor.
Signed : — " Richard Alchome ... in the presence of John Jackson, John
Bennett, Roger Rea, Notary Publiq."

** He married Margaret, daughter of Thomas White, of Horsham, Gent.

THE WnlTE FAMILY OF HORSHAM, ETC,

ii tho said Cntliarine Jolliff ollierwise Miciioll left at her dealh iiii-
ministerei!, Bcconlin^ to th« tenor of tbe will and tcsttinient of said ilecd.

I Abstract of the Will of Jane Whitb. (P.C.C. 61 Btdford.)
^M Ang. 1728. " I Jane White of Croydon in tho County of Snrrej-
r, the rtelict of Thomas White, Esij' deceased ... I give devise

d bequeath unto my daughter Mary wife of Jolm lieathfcild herheirea
Sxecators and Administrators all my rcall and personall Estat« of what
nature or kind soever and wheresoever, And 1 do hereby make and
ordaino mf naid daughter Mary Bote [i!xeciitr'ix." Signed: — " Jaaa
White . . . Witnesses, . . . Tho' Jefferej.. Elizabeth Head., Elizabeth

wper."

Proved 21 Feb. 173t-2 by Mary Heatbfeild (wife of John Heathfeild)

Ighter of deed, and sole Executrix.

lSstbaot of thk WiLi, OF Walter Barttelot.'* (P.C.C. 4 Anslis.)

28 Dec. 1730. " I Walter Barttelot of Stophnin In the County of

Sussex, being infirm in body . . . my body I commit to tbe Knrth to be

uied as my Executrixt^s hereinafter namud shall think Gt and proper

■ to raj lovijig Uanght<?rs Cntlierine Jl&rttelot and Isabel Barttelot All
» Estate real and pcraonnl ... to be divided between them bj even and
Mil portions," and oppoint snid daughters " Catherine Barttelot and

Wl Barttelot to be joint and sole Executrixes." Signed :— " Wa :

itelot .- . in the presence of us . . . Julin Pinnell., John Stanford.,

B Biishbey,"

Voved 27 Jan. 1743-1 by Catherine Darttelot aud Isabel Barttelot,

Ulere tha daughters of deed, aud executrixes,

Abstract op the Will of Jaxb Whitb. (P.C.C. 137 Ednumdt.')
[ -96 March t2tli Anne 1713. " I Jane White late of Horsham in the
Oonnty of Sussex but novr of the Parish of 8t. Clement Danes in the
County of Middlesex Spinster*' . , , My Body I commit to the Earth to
be decently interred at the Discretion of my Executrixes ... I give to
my Brother Thomas White of Shipley near Horsham in the County of
Sussex Esq', to my Brother in Law Jolm Hargrave of London Qentle-
man. and to my Cousin Thonias Hargrave hie Son the Sum of Twenty
Sbitlings apeice to buy oaoh of ihum a King to wear in Memory of me,
And wTiL'reas I tho said Jane White am entitled unto and interested is
one equal Moiety or half part of cortaiii Mortgage Moneys, and of tho
Lands and Tenements mortgaged for the same lying in the County of
bnssex by virtue of the last Will auii Testanieul of my Orandfsthor
Matthew Taylor Gentleman det-eased or otUi^rwiso " etc. and bequeath the
Aforesaid " onto my three NL'ices Ann Hargrave, Himiiah Hargrave. aud
Elizabeth Hargrave, Daughters of my said Brother iu Law John Uar-

" He m-rried Marj, i
Attoruey-al-Unw.

" She ia dcgcribatl in tho " Probate Act Bogk
'Ponaty ol iiiumy SpiDst«r deod."

low of Bichord Wbite, of Stejoing, oo, Sc
late d( K;esate ii

146 THE WHITE FAMILY OP HORSHAM, BTO.

grave . . . equally to be divided between them," and also ** all such Sum
and Sums of Money as are now due ... to me from Charles Eversfield of
Denn near Horsham in the County of Sussex Esq*"." ^ Residue to said
three nieces and appoint ** said three Neices to be Executrixes.". Signed
** Jane White ... in the presence of the said Testator, Fra : Bridge.,
Bernard Mould., W°» Entwistle."

Proved 21 April 1746 by Ann Hargrave Spinstessistance of my wife . . . and constitute my loveing kinsman
Thomas Pellatt of Lewis in the County of Sussex Gentleman and
Robert Palmer the elder of Berry in the said County of Sussex Esquire
joynt Executors . . . and appoint my . • . trustees, the said William
Pellatt and James Martin, Overseers," and bequeath to said exors. £20
apiece. — Residue of estate whatsoever unbequeathed ** vnto all my said
grandaughters herein before named " equally between them at their ages
of 21 yrs. or at mar. Signed : — ** Mathew Taylor ... in the pr'sence
of, the marke of Anne Rogers., the marke of Samuell Barnard., John
Palmer., Robert Richardson, Scr., & James Richardson."

Proved 15 June 1678 by Thomas Pellatt and Robert Palmer the
executors.

THE WHITE FAMILY OP HOESHAM, ETC.

151

[bbtbact op tub W11.L OF Thomas Bbbtt. {'■ Archdeaconry Court

of Lewes,'' A. S7, f. CZb.)^
i May 1681. Thomas Brett in the County of SuBsex, Gent.*' — to
_^noving wife Joane — to my sister'a cliildreu — to Elizabeth Far!ye my
'kinswonmn now tlia wife of , . , Stanton of Beygate co. Surrey, —
Appoints : — my two Jnnj,'hturs Mary Hig^inbottom (si'c) widdowe and
Hospilell [«ii; correctly HopesliU] Pdlatt the now wife of Francis
PelUtt, gejit. joint execntrixee anij my loring kinsman Samuel Newing-
ton of LontJun gent, and Joseph Newington of Battell, gent, sonnes of
my brother in law Thomas Ncwington, gent, overseers.

Proved .SI Bpc. IGBd by Mary Uiggombotloni (jic) otherwise White,
wife of Mathew White, gent, and HoapituU (sic) Pellatt wife of Francis
Pellatt, gent, tho executriKus.

AsHTRACT OF TBB WlI.L OP WlLLIAM PBLLATT. (P.C.C. 104 Jfoel.)

Oatcd 12 Jnne 1699. lUb W" III. "I William Pellatt, Citizen and
Grocer of London*" . . . my Body I comraitt vnto the Earth to be
decmtly bnryed . . . unto the poor of the parish of Bignor in the
Cotinty of Sussex " 40" — " to my Daughter Jnne White the Wife of my
Sonne in law Thomas Wliite" £1000. — if "my grandaughter or
grandeonne of my said Bonn in law Thomas White happen to die before
she or hee shall attaine to the age of " 21 yrs. — " if either of my grand
Daughters of my Sonne Waldoo shall happen to dye before
the age of" 21 yrs. — " for my grand Children by my only Sonne W"
Pellatt" — to my brother Adam Uargrave £1 lor a ring, — "to my
'Cousin John Hargrave, Attorney in Woodstreet " £6 — "to my Cousin
~ " Minsball Sen." £6 for mourning — " I doe desire and Irtreat the
John Hargrave and Francis Minuhall to be Overseers," and appoint
'Iny only Bonne William Pellatt to be Sole Executor." Signed 17
nno 1700 12 W" IIL " W™ Pellatt . , . in the presence of . . .
Tbo : Rogers., John Green., The : Gilson., Jos : Burton."

Promi 2 July 1 700 by William Pellatt son of deed, and executor.

Ak Extract rv.ov thb Will op Daniel Wight. (P.C.C. 244 Ath.)

4 Feb. 1700, 12"' W"- III " Daniel Wight the younger Citizen and
Distiller of London . . . and aisoe 1 give and bequeath unto my said
Sauiue! Wight and my said Bonne Daniel Wight equally
B them the d<-bt o( tbree hundred pounds and interest thereof
owing unto me by Jndguiunt from Thomas White the elder of

* The writer <■

ludelited to B, fl. W. Duakin, Esq., lor Ihe abttmot of ibia

le srij., bat described iu the Probnta Act aa o( " Sewick." Sir William
I given lliu enlrv of teelaloi'B accotiil mnrtiiigB na well ni that i>( liis barial
lie Fnrlcb RvgiHlcri.f Newiuk (■ Aild US." lint, Mus. No. 6rm) ihna:— ltiT3
IU M' ThoB. flitttt of HorahatD & Mf» Joune Kouuil of Kewick uinrriod,

n. 2i U' Tboi. Brett of VtomUj in Nowiok. buried. See antt. p. Ul, duIb i'i.

iciibed ill the " Probata Act Buuk " bb .— I>t« of the fariab of SI. Dnoatan

~ t, Lioudwi ileoed.

152 THE WHITE FAMILY OF HOBSHAM, ETC.

Horsham in the County of Sussex Gentleman deed/' SigQed :— Danl.
Wight.

Proved 22 Nov. 1704 by Daniel Wight son of deed, and execntor.

Abstract of the Will op George Arnold*^ qi Archdeaconry Conrt

of Chichester," Vol. XXXIII., p. 107.)

22 Jan. a.d.1721. " George Arnold of Horsham in the County of Sussex,
gent "... to my wife Elizabeth Arnold all my household goods etc.
'' Item I give devise & bequeath unto my said dear & loving wife Elizabeth
Arnold & to her heires & Assignes for ever, All that the Mannor of
Sillington als Sullington in the County of Sussex aforesaid with tho
Farrac & Lands thereunto belonging now in the Tenure or occupacon of
Thomas Stedman bis Assignes or Undertenants, And also all the
Quit rents dues & Perquisites which belong to the said Mannor,"
also a shop etc. in Horsham and also to her " & her heires and Assignes
for ever All That the Red'con, All those Messuages Farmes Lands
Tenements & Hereditam*ts with their & every of their app'tnnces scitnate
lying & being in the scvcrall Parishes of Ashburnham, Horsmanseax,
Wartling & Horsham in the said County of Sussex, And now in the
Tenure or occupation of [^blank'] Avery, William Clarke, John Fisher,
Elizabeth Ede, widow & John Tidy & Thomas Barnard, And which
Estate & Estates were given by Mathew White late of Horsham afore-
said gent. deed, to Grace Arnold (Mother of me the Testator <& now
Wife of John Bird of Rygate in the County of Surry Clerke) for &
during the Terme of her natural life, And afterwards to Ralph Arnold
late of Rygate aforesM Gent. deed. & his heires, by Inheritance descends
to me (as Brother & Heir at Law to the said Ralph Arnold after the
Decease of y® said Grace now wife of y* said John Bird." Appoints
said wife Elizabeth Arnold sole extrix. Signed : — " Geo : Arnold . . .
in the pr'sence of the said Testator Jo*^ Bridger, Jo° Linfield, Aosten
Comb."

Proved 22 Nov. 1722 by Elizabeth Arnold, widow, the relict of said
deed, and executrix.

An Extract from the Will of Geaoe Filewood**

(P.C.C. 283 Brodrepp.)

16 Oct. 1738 ''I Grace Filewood (wife of Richard File wood of the
Parish of St. James within the liberty of Westminster in the County of

•^ He was second son of John Arnold by Qrace his wife, a niece of Matthew White,
of Horuham, Gent, (see an extract from her will above and note). He married
Elizabeth, daughter of John Liutield, of Horsham, Gent., and was baried there 4
July, 1722 as ** George Arnold, Gent."

•* She was a daughter of . . . Orgies by Leath his wife, daughter of Matthew
White, of St. Boltoph, Aldersgate, London (see "post p. 157), and a niece of Matthew
White, of Horsham, Gent, (see the the abstract of his will ante p. 141). She mar.
first John Arnold, Gent., who died 26 June, 1700, aged 44, and has an inscription
at Reigate, co. Surrey, but who in his will, dated 19 June, 1700, pr. in P.C.O.
on 23 Aug. following (110 Noel), is described as of Reigate, brewer. By him she
had issue, besides Samuel, Matthew and John Arnold, who all died yonng, Ralph,
George, and Mary Arnold .all living 13 Feb., 1702. She married secondly at
Reigate 27 May, 1703 (as second wife), Rev. John Bird, Vicar of that parish. H«

THE WniTE FAMILY OF HORSHAUj ETC.

153

Carpenter" . . . Shu rociles Iiei- Mar. Set. Jftt. 28 Jnly
" now Inet past " ramie between " said Ricliard Filewood of tlie first part,
mo the sail! Grace FilewooJ (by tlie uame of Grace Bird of Reigate in
llip County of Surrey wiilow) of tlie Second Part and Henry Watson of
tho Paridli of St. George Hanorer Square in the said Connty of Middle-
sex Eequire of the Third Purt." Slie directs " to be buried in the Grave
of my tirst Husband John Arnold deceaseil," and bequeathes, besides
several other legacies, "to my Nephew Johnson Saunders" £5, and directs
" Item I give direct Hmitt and appoint unto my Couzen Jane White of
Beigate aforesaid Spinster, Ten Pounds and to her neices Ann and
EliBabcth Hargrave Ten Pounds apeicc," and to my cousin -Taoies
Orgies £100. also recites that t!ie said Jumes Orgies, and Nicholas
Orgies of Barking co. Essex, Plumber, had become bond to testatrix
(dated 15 Juno 1730} in the sum of £200, etc. Signed, Grace FUe-
wood.
Proved 12 Dec. 1738 by Richard Filewood, the husband of deed, and
in tor.

MISCELLANEOUS
FAMILY C

MEMORANDA RESPECTING THE
F WHITE OF HORSHAM.

It appears from a iist,"^ containing the names of the
Obui'cli wardens and Surveyors o£ the IIi*rhway8 of
Horsham co. Sussex, and also the names of the Over-
Beers of the Free School in that parish, commencing in
the year 1010, and entered in the oldest book of Church-
wardens' Accounts of Horsham, that thoso offices were
held occasionally by members of the White family as
follows : —

CHnRCRWARDBNB, BCBVETORS OF THB BIOBWAIS,

1615 Richard Whit the younger. Ifil8 Ricbaid White, Jun.

1617 Mathew White, 1^23 Richard White.

I63fi Richard White. 1G42 Mathew White.
1639 Mathewe White.

1635 Richard White.
1644 Thomas White.
1650 Tho : White Gent.
i Tho : White Gent.
|1670 Thomas White, gent.

OF TSE BCBOOL.

1672 Thomas White gent.
1670 M-^ Thomas White.
irQj (I'homas White, Kaq'
"'^* Mathew White, gent.

died S9 Feb., 172T-B. and bia will, dated 15 Aug., 1723. waa get to P.C.C. U March,
I7Sr.(( (72 Bnok). She married thirdly (Mar. Sot. flat, as July, 1738), Richard
Vilewood, aa recorded in the abore extract fi-oin ber will. Shu died 12 Dec 1734,
tged T6 yeaca, and Laa an inaeription nt Iteig;tlt«.
" Copiod from tha erigiiiBl by tbo writer.
XXXIV. X

TIJ'

yj*

TJ*

X»

154 THE WHITE FAMILY OP HOESHAM, ETO.

Richard White stood as a godfather on 14 Sep. and 9
Oct., 1568, as appears from the parish register of Hor-
sham."

• •••••••

The following notes respecting the White Family are
from the Churchwardens' Accounts of Horsham, which
commence in the year 1610.^^

Accoants for

the year
1610 and 11 Jtem to Richard White for Jroiiworke about

the bells & Church all this yeare

1616 and 17 Jtem payd to Richard White for Jron work

about the bells and Chimes all the yeare

1617 and 18 Jtem payd to Richard White for Jron worke

about the Church and mending of the
great bell Clapper

1618 and 19 Jtem payd to Richard Whitt for mendinge of

of the great bell Clapper ... ... xiiij" vj*

1619 and 20 Jtem payd to Richard Whitte for Jron work

about the Bells Clock & Chimes this

y eBre ... ... ... ... ... ^j jl

1621 and 2 Jtem payd to Richard Whitte for Jron work

about the bells, Clappers and wheeles in

Pt. of payment ... ... ... ... xl'

1622 and 8 Jtem payd to Richard White for Jron worke

about the bells that was left to pay the
last yeare and more worke that he hath
donne this Yeare ... ... ... ... iij'

1623 and 4 Jtem payd to Richard White for mending of

the gudgin of the great bell

1624 and 5 Jtem paid to Richard White for mending of

the third and fourth bell clappers and for

Jron put to them
1626 and 7 Jt : payd to Richard White for mending of

the fourth bell Clipper

1641 and 2 Of Alexander Luxford for Richard Whites

Owttvw «.• ••• ... «•• ...

1651 and 2 Rd. for a Grave in the Church for Richard

White

1668 and 9 Receavcd for M" Whites^^ grave 00. '06. 08,

1680 and 81 Rec. for M' HiggenbottomS^ Grave .. 0. 6. 8.

*" Copied from the original by the writer. ,

•7 Ibid.

w Leath, widow of Matthew White, of Horsham.

(>' First husband of Mary, wife of Matthew White, of Horflham, Gent*

• i"

Tj*

▼•

Hj'

UIJ*

Xlllj*

Tj-

8«

THE WHITE FAMILY OF HORSHAM, ETC. 155

1700 and 1701 Re. of M' Wight For a Grave for M"

Wooder7<> 00. 06. 08.

In the year 1610 Richard White had a seat in Horsham
Church, as appears from the following note from the
oldest book of Churchwardens' Accounts.^

A register of the seates in Gallery, and other places in the Chnrch
that are to be let by the Vicker and Chnrch wardens and who are placed
in them this year 1610 by the vicar and Churchwardens as Followeth :^
*■.■•■••

5. In the £fth seate Bicherd Gratweeke, Richerd White and James
Slater.

It is also recorded in the same book that " Mathew
White " and other parishioners were present when the
Churchwardens' Accounts were ** taken the 15th of Aprill
1627." The annexed item is entered towards the end of
the book : —

A noate of the money gathered for the reparacon of St Panics as also
the names of those from whom it was received ; Collected the 29^ of
September An^- 1637.

The List contains fifty-two names, and the sums given
vary from one penny to twelve pence. The four persons
whose names stand first on the List are the only ones
who subscribed the latter sum, viz : —

The Ladie Earsfield ... ... ... ... xij<*

M' Theobald Michell ... ... ... ... xij*

M' William Roffie ... xij<*

Richard White z]j<i

• •••••••

The annexed extracts relating to the White family are
from an assessment made 12th June, 1748, " By the
Church-Wardens and Overseers," etc., of Horsham, for
the relief of the poor ; at the rate of Is. 6d. in the
pound."

re Mary, first wife of Rowland Woodyeare, of St. Clement Danes, oo. Middlesez,
woollen-draper. See ante.^p. 141, note 51.

^ Copied from the original by the writer.

Tt Copied by the writer in 1879 from the oldest rate book remainiiig in the
ohest deposited in the room oyer the vestry at Horsham Chnrob.

156

THE WHITE FAMILY OP HORSHAM, ETC.

Rents per Ann.

£.

Southtoater Part,

M' White

North Heath Sf Roughey.

M' White for Miss Michell's field

North Street,

M' White for a Croft

East Street,

Ph : Jenden for Whites Meade
• • * •

£.

s.
10

I 9

** Richard White of Horsham, yeoman," was fined £10
c, 1630 for having neglected to take up his knighthood.''

• *««««««

Itis recorded in the " Lords' Journals," Vol. V, fo. 679,'*
that on 28th March, 1643, Thomas White, of Horsham —
with eight others — was appointed a Sequestrator of the
** Vicarage House of Horsham," etc.

The following note is from an Exchequer Bill : — '*
William Withers of London, Gent living 24 Chas. II.
1674 married Alice widow of Matthew White of London
Citizen and Merchant tailor, by whom she had had issue
Matthew White of Horsham Gent.

The Members of Parliament for the Borough of
Horsham, 2nd of William and Mary, 1689-90 were : — '*

John Machell, Esq. ) Date of return

Thomas77 White jun. Gent. ] 3 March 168^^90.

r* Compositiong for Knighthood, Temp. Charles I. •* Suss. Arch. Coll.," Vol
XVI, p. 49.

7* 'Quoted in Burrell MS., viz., Add, MS, Brit. Mus. No. 5698 p. 404, pencil fo. 196.

75 " Exchequer Bills and Answers" 24 Chas. II., Sussex No. 192. From informa-
tion of E. H. W. Dunkin, Esq.

7« From information of Alan H. Stennin^, Esq.

T7 Incorrectly called " William '* by both Dallaway and Horsfield in their respeo-
tive Histories of Sussex. He was finally of Shipley, Esq.

TUB WniTK FAMILY OF HOKMHAM, ETC. 157

It is recorded in the Vestry Minute Book of Mitcham,
00. Surrey,'" that " M'' Tho' Wliite " was one " of Twenty
Six of the Chieftest of the Inhabitants'' who formed the
first " Select Vestry " of that parish which was appointed
by a Faculty about the year 1699, and that in the
year 1703 "Thomas White, Esq'," served the office of
churchwarden.

From a record preserved amongst the Chancery
Decrees and Orders" for the year 1706, it appears that
John Arnold married Grace, daughter of Lea [?Leath]
Orgies (who was sister to Matthew White, whose will is
dated 13 Feb., 1702-3), and by her he had issue George,
Mary, and Ralph Arnold.

I •»*««««•
Dallaway** in his account of Shipley parish states
that:—

"Iq 1669 it [via. the Improprintion] wns purcliasetl of Matthew
Taylor, grocer, and John Brett, merchaiit-tfljlor, citkens of London,
by TLonias White, gent, of Ilarsham, who boUI it ta 1691 to John
Hargrare, geut. of London. Bj Thomas Hargrave his eldest Hon
and heir it nas sold in 1714, to John Wicker Esq. of Horsbftm."

There is an Indenture in tbe Close Roll," made 7 April,
1704, between Mary White, of Steyning, co. Su«ex,
widow and executrix of Richard White, late of Steyning,
Gent., deceased, of the one part, and Robert Alciiorne,
Citizen and Merchant Taylor of London, and Elizabeth
his wife, one of the sisters of the said Testator of the
other part.

• ••• •»»•

From tbe account of the descent of the manor of East
Court, in the parish of Effiugham, co. Surrey, given in

'• Copied from tlio origindl by the Tfrittr.

"" ■' Ohnncer/ Di-crees &nd OnJera." ITM, AS. 508. From iiiformntion of E, H.

Qiikin, Eeq. See niaa^antt p. 1S2, notetit.
• Oalloway liy CBrtivnglil. Vol. IL. pU a, p. 3113.

' " ClMo RoU " 8 Aiiu«, put 3, No. 42.. From information of E. H. Vf. Dunkin,

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HANGLETON AND ITS HISTOEY.

By CHARLES E. CLAYTON, Esq.

Lying about two miles from the coast on the Roman
road which led * from Portus Adumi away inland towards
the DeviFs Dyke, this secluded parish might well begin
its history — were any records available — with the build-
ing of the Roman Villa whose site (on what authority I
know not) is marked upon the Ordnance maps a few
hundred yards from the Churchyard, and just over the
parish boundary of West Blatchington ; or, perhaps, with
the early ownership of those small silver coins of Ger-
manicus and Yalerianus, found near the seven human
skeletons under a mound " on the open down forming
the sheep-walk and north part of the farm occupied by
Mr. Hardwick at Hangleton," as recorded ^ in an early
volume of these Collections.

It is not, however, until we come to the Conquest and
to the Domesday Survey (1086 a.d.) that the first reliable
records of the history of the place are reached ; but it
may be well before reaching this stage of our inquiry to
notice the etymology of the name and the various forms
of spelling. Of variations, I have met with fourteen, as
follows : —

" Domesday," 1086.

Hangetone
Hangleton

H angel ton

Hangeston
Uaugilton
Uangyiton
Uengiston
Uengilton
Hangnlton
Hangeleton '^
Hengelion J

("Tax. P. Nich8.,"1291.

••• r* Test de Nev.," 1327.

("Inq. Non.," 1340.

••• V' Inq. P. U.r H47.

... *'Tow. Rec.,''1376.

... "Inq. P. M.," 1483.

... "Val. Eccl.," Hen. VIII.

... *^ Rymer Fed.," 1517.

... "Pat. Roll," 1541.

... '* Reg. Wills, Lewes," 1543.

••• " Ministers' Accts.," 1549.

...

77. « Ih., Vol. IX., p. 124.

168 HANGLETON AND ITS HISTOET.

Hegleion '' Minist. Accts./' Eliz., 1563.

Hangletonne '< State Papers/' Dom., 1583,

Hangellton Terrier of 1635.

Angleton Speed's Map, 1646.

The Rev. "W. D. Parish suggests, as the derivation,
Angle-tun, the Angle's village,and compares it with Angle-
sey, the Angle's Island, and Angle ^ in Pembrokeshire ;
but it will be noticed as curious that the only variation in
which the initial " H " is dropped is the latest in the list,
while the present accepted form, " Hangleton," appears
in the valuation of Pope Nicholas, six hundred years
ago. Mr. Lower speaks of '* Cardo de Angleton,'* but
I cannot find his authority for this.

In Domesday it is recorded that : —

** William de Wateville holds Hangetone of William. Azor held it
of King Edward. It then yoached for 14 hides and 1 rod. Now for 8
hides and a half. There is land for 8 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs
and 31 villeins, and 13 hordars^ with 5 ploughs. This land lay at
Chingestune a Manor of Wm. de Braiose. In the time of King Edward,
and now, worth £10. When received £8."

The latter part of this description is somewhat
puzzling, as " Chingestune " (Kingston) lies some three
miles to the west of Hangleton, with Portslade and
South wick intervening. The present parish boundaries
include the manor of " Benfields," and of this Domesday
Book has a separate description, as follows : —

'' Scolland holds £enefelle of William. Turgod held it of Cola and
Cola of King Edward. It then vouched for 2 hides. Now for nothing.
There is land for 3 ploughs. In demesne are 2 ploughs and 5 villeins
with 8 bordars have two ploughs. In the time of King Edward it was
worth 60 shillings and afterwards likewise. Now £6. Alfred holds one
hide and one rod in £enefelle of William and vouched for so much in
the time of King Edward. Now for nothing. Lewin held it in parage.
There is land for one plough and there it is in demesne, and four villeins
with half a plough. There are 4 acres of meadow and wood for 3 hogs.
In the time of King Edward and afterwards it was worth 10 shillings.
Now 40 shillings."

It is interesting to compare the total area of the

' The following extract from Taylor's " Words and Places," sent me by Mr.
Parish, may be quoted : " No less than 24 of the headlands on the Pembrokeshire
coast are occapied by camps, i;rhich we may regard as the first beginning of a
Scandinavian occnpation of the soil; round the shores of Milford Haven a little
colony of permanent settlers was established in the villages of . . . Angle, Tenby,
do."

* Cottagers.

BANOLETON AND ITS HISTORT.

169

present parish with the area of these two manors as
given in Domesday, althoiigli in this instance we do not
obtain any very useful result. Taking the normal "hide"
as 120 acres (Seebohm), we find the acreage of the two
manors a little over 2,000 acres, while in the Tithe Map
of 1841 it stands as about 1,160, so that the boundaries
are not identical, while the " wood for three hogs " (10^
acres. Seebohm) has entirely disappeared from the
manor of Bunefelle. William de Wateville, who held
the manor of Hangletou in succession to '* the ubiquitous
Azor," figures in Domesday as holder also of " Brist-
elmetuno," one of tlio three Brighton manors, and as
succeeding Azor iu possession of " Percinges, Cbemere
and Berobam," white bis wife had " Claituno," where
Azor again preceded. After Domesday there is a gap
of about 200 years in the history, when we find Charles
de Hangleton and Ralph de Meyners holding the manor
of the honour of De Warenne in 1298.* It afterwards
vested in the great family of Poynings, and in 1369
Michael de Poyniugs died seized of the manor"; his son
Thomas dying six years later, left his brother, Richard
de Poynings, then 17, his heir. This Richard was the
5th Baron Poynings. He died at Leon in 1387, on his
second visit to Spain, whither he had first gone with the
Black Prince to assist in restoring to his throne the
deposed King of Castille ; and an abstract of his will,
with other interesting information concerning him, will
be found iu Vol. XV. of our Collections.' la 1412,
when his poor Commons granted to Henry IV. a subsidy
of 6s. 8d. from every man or woman having in lands or
rent £20 a year, we find in the Roll of the Subsidy " that
" Robert Lord de Ponygg " h ad manors and lands worth
£143 13s. 3d., of which the manor of "Hangilton" was
one. By descent from Robert Lord Poynings," Eleanor,
Countess of Northumberland, his daughter, who had
married Henry Percy, bad Hiingleton with other manors,
and it soon afterwards vested (at what exact period it
passed to them 1 cannot trace) iu the Belliugbam family.

" Teat, da Nevill," p. 222.
*■ Bmrell MSS.," 6(»ttl, f. 331.

8. A.C..' Vol. X., p. UO.
I'al. R,,- 13, Uen. VL

170

HANGLETON AND ITS HISTOBY.

We now come to the 16th century, at some time in
which we may assume that the existing manor-house
was built; and although it is somewhat disappointing
that a considerable structure like Hangleton Place, well-
situated in its secluded valley for intrigue and escapade,
should afford so little scope for historical record, and
should even lack the distinction conferred by saintly,
royal, or unhallowed occupation or adventure, we will
follow its history as a residence. It would certainly add
to the interest of the manor-house if we could suppose
that Sir Philip Sidney, whom Queen Elizabeth called
"the jewel of her Dominions," was the builder; but
this would be difficult to establish, although he died
seized of the manor ^® (from his wound at Zutphen) in
1586, his daughter Elizabeth, afterwards wife of Roger,
Earl of Rutland, being his heir.

But whoever may be credited with the original erec-
tion, the Bellinghams have left their marks upon it, and
this old and somewhat distinguished family first claims
our attention. Their pedigree,^^ running back to
Alan de Bellingham, a contemporary of "William of
Normandy, may perhaps be taken further, to the
Billings, the royal race of the Varini, from whom thirteen

places (Bellingham, Bellinghurst, &c.)
are named,^^ the suffixes " ham ** and
" ton '* probably marking the filial
colonies sent out by the parent settle-
ment.^^ The great grandson of Alan,
Endo de Bellingham, was in 1197 Sheriff
of Westmoreland, and five generations
later we find a Richard BelUngham, of
Bellingham, Lord of Maunton, in Lin-
colnshire, whose brother Thomas settled
near Arundel. Richard, the third son of
this Thomas Bellingham, became owner

>• •' Burrell MSS."

" " Berry's Pedigrees," p. 190.

" Taylor, " Words and Places," p. 86.
' " Mr. F. E. Sawyer, F.S.A., sends me the followiDg note i ** In Domesday we
haFe under Hayockesberie Hundred (Sassez) Belingeham Manor, also spelt
Belin^ham. I identify it with the modem Billinghami which is in Udimore or
Brede."

nANCLETON AND ITS niSTORT,

171

of Hanglctoii and NewtimbBr Place; he was Sheriff of
SuBsex in 1535, and his son Edward, Sheriff in 1567.
It was this Edward Bellingham before whom, in com-
pany with " George Gooringe, Esquire," the laquiaition
was taken at Steyning in 1561 for the " execucion of
y" Statute of npparell for mens wifes," '* this had
i-efereuce to the silk and velvet dresses of the dames,
which were only permissible if their husbands kept
a certain number of horses to be available, probably, for
military purposes. In 1588 Queen Elizabeth required
contributions from her loving subjects by way of loan
for the defence of the country against Spain, and in the
list of payments we find Richard Bellingham, of New-
timber, ft contributor of £25." Ho was also patron of
Hangleton,'" In the Newtimber parish registers there
are the dates of baptism of the ten children of Edward
Bellingham (1567 to 1603), and the burials of "Mr.
Edward Bellingham " in 1G07 anil of " Sir Edward
Bellingham" in 1640 are also recorded, but I find no
Bellinghams in the TIaugleton parish registers, which,
for reasons given below, only date from 1666, when the
family had left Hangleton Place.

To return to the bouse itself, I have seen no early
plana or particulars by which to judge more accurately
of its original appearance, although in a little Catholic
novelette, published in 1846 " (kindly lent me by the
Rev. Thomas Holland, M.A.), there is a frontispiece
showing an arched gateway, and other, not now
existing, features, with a brief description to the
effect that " the house had been built in the time of
wicked King Henry VIII., and formed three sides
of a square. In the middle of the front was a
wide arched gateway . . . the offices to your left-
band, and a low stone wall on the right . . . the roof
was covered with Horsham stone, and the chimneys
curiously twisted and twined together. . . .'" As now
seen, although a good deal of the original work remains,
yet the early chimney shafts have disappeared. Of the

172 HANGLBTON AND ITS HISTORY.

Btone-muUioned windows many are left, but between the
window tax which closed them up, and later or earlier
adaptations which opened others in unsym metrical posi-
tions, the beauty of the fronts has suffered. The
present kitchen was probably the hall at one time, and
has on one side a panelled oaken screen, with fluted
pilasters and carved capitals supporting a range of three
long panels, upon which in early characters are carved
the Ten Commandments, with variations which perhaps
warrant their introduction here.^®

AND GOD SPAKE AL THEBB WORDBS AN SAID I AM Y LORD THI GOD WHIOH HAY

BBOUaHT THE OUT OF THE HOVSE OF BONDAGE THOV SHAI/T HAVE NONE

OTHER OODDS IN MI SIGHT THOV SHALT MAKE THENO GRAVEN IMAGE

NETHER ANY SEMILITUD THAT IS IN HEAVEN ABOVE ETHER IN THEERTH BENETHE

OR IN THE WATER THAT IB BENETHE THE ERTH BE THAT THOV NETHER

BOVB THI SILF VNTO THEM NETHER SERVE FOR I THE LORD THI GOD

AM A GELOUS GOD AN VISBT THE SINE OF THE FATHERS VFON THE OHUiDREN

VNTO THE THIRD AND FOVRTH GENERAOION OF THEM THAT HATE ME

AND lET SHEWE MARCI UNTO THOUSANDES AMONGE THEM THAT LOVE ME

AND KEPE MI COMMANDMENTES THOV SHALT NOT TAKE THE NAME OF

THE LORDE THI GOD IN VAINE FOR THE LORDE WILNOT HOLDE HIM GILTLES8B

THAT TAKETH HIS NAME IN VAINE REMEMBER THE SABBATH DIE THAT THOV

BANGTIFIE IT BIKE DAIE8 MAIST THOU LABOURE AN DO AL THAT THOV

HAST TO DOE BUT THE SEVENTH DAIE IS THE SABBATH OF THE LORDE

THI GOD IN IT THOV SHAI/T DO NO M ANER WORKE NETHER THOV NOR

THI SONNE NOR THI DOUGHTER NETHER THI MAN SERVANTE NOR THI

MAIDE SERVANTE NETHER THI OATEL NETHER IT THE STRANGER

THAT IS WITHIN THI GATES FOR IN BIXE DAIES THE LORDE MADE BOTH

HEAVEN AN ERTHE AND THE SEE AN AL THAT IN THEM IS AN RESTED

THE SEVEIH DAIE WHER FOR THE LORD BLEdED THE SABBATH DAIE AN

HALOWED IT HONOURE THI FATHER AN THI MOTHER THAT THI DAIES MA

BB LONGE IN THE LANDS WHIOH THE LORD THI GOD GEVETHTHE THOV

SHALT NOT KIL THOV SHALT NOT BRAKE WBDLOKE THOV SHALT NOT STEALS

THOV SHALT BERE NO FALSE WITNESS AGENST THI NEGHBOURE THOV

BHALT NOT COVET THI NEGHB0UR8 HOSE NETHER SHALT COVET

THI NEGHB0UR8 WIFE HIS MAN SERVANTE HIS MAIDE HIS

OXE HIS ASSE OR OVGHTE THAT IS HIS

In a paper in Vol. XVI.^® it is stated that beneath the
Commandments is a curious distich,

" Persevere ye perfect men,
Ever keep these precepts ten,"

in v^hich it v^ill be observed that "e" is the only
vowel, but there is now no place for this, neither can I
hear of its existence. The staircase is quaint, but narrow,
and here, as in many other parts of the house, the solid
oak has been covered with paint. In several of the
rooms on the upper floor the thick oak-panelled par-
titions remain, and there are three of the original stone
chimney pieces, which, excepting that their Tudor

IB I shall be glad if any member can identify the version from whioh these
yerses are copied. The most cnrions variation will be observed in v., 14, some*
what resembling the German ** erbbechsn " in Lather's Bible.

i» " S. A. C," Vol. XVI., p. 292.

^i.^

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HANGLETON AND ITS KISTORT.

173

ornaiiient aud mouldings of the period are aomewbat
concealed by successive coats of paint, are in good
preservation. Some of tlie internal partition walls are
of enormous thickness, aad across ooe of the bedroom
passages is a large Gothic-headed iron-studded oak door
which must have come from some outer entrance or
possibly from the church. This has a rude wrought-iron
bolt of rather clever construction. Some of the bed-
, rooms, placed at interme-

diate levels, and entered only
through other apartments,
give the idea of concealed
' chambers, made accessible by
later alterations. The richly-
moulded plaster ceiliug to a
room on the ground-floor
(now intersected by a par-
tition and forming two apartments) is in perfect condition
(see Plate), and displays upon the bosses at the inter-
sections of the curves a variety of heraldic emblems,
including the bugle horns and the demi-stag of the
Bellingharas and apparently the dolphin of the Scrase
family. This family (descended out
of Denmark, and who held lands in
Sussex before and at the time of the
Conquest, 1066) '" were at some
time resident at Hangleton, either
as tenants or proprietors, and a
small brass, preserved by the late
Mr. Edward Blaker from the ruins
I of West Blatchington Church, and
afterwards fised in the east wall of
i south aisle of Portslade Church,
' has the following inscription : —

" ^txt ()ittf) liurirt iSic^arli ^traerc late of jRansclton,
BfnKfma tofitffjf iirt m tftc prarr of our lort goli onr. uo'i.

" J^fCf hirtf) burifli Kitiiarb crrastc of ljirlrl)iitgton flintlfma
kif)icl)f liiflJ ill \)i' iitrttr of our lort floii our i;>ii). Jljfic isftf) burtrt
I Qrnilrm.1 toljo Dicft in fio gtarc of

tWa. 1570."

"Bcitj'b Pedigrees,'' ?■ i

174 HAKGLETON AND ITS HISTOBY.

Kichard Scrasce (the first on this memorial brass)
was valet to the Crown, and we may presume that he
is referred to in a curious entry (temp. Ed. IV.) in the
Cowfold churchwardens* accounts.^^ " It. a remembrans
that Water Dunstall yowthe to my Master Scrasse of
Hangleton ffor iiij bochell whete pris of viijd. a bochell.
Item pris. a bochell of barlyche iiijd. It. for a bochell
of malte vjd. The same Scras. yowthe me for a lode of
talle wode pris of ijs.'* Some of his descendants in the
17th century were vigorous Nonconformists, as the
names of Henry, Bichard, Walter and John Scrase very
frequently occur with other well-known Sussex names
in the " Abstract of the sufferings of the People called
Quakers," ^^ while one of the earliest church meetings of
that body in this county was "a general meeting of
Friends of Truth in Sussex held at the Widow Scrase's
in Blatchington y* 2°*^ of y« 8*^ mo. 1662." It is also
recorded ^ that on " the 19^^ of the 3^ mo. 1663 " for not
paying tithes there were taken from Joane Scrase,
widow, for a demand of £90, 28 beasts worth £123,
from which we may assume that in spite of persecution
**the Widow Scrase" was still a person of substance.
The only Scrase in the parish registers is a Joseph
Scrase buried in 1726. The manor of Hangleton now
belongs to the Sackville family, and in " the accounts
of Edward Lindsey, Esq., Steward to the Lord
Treasurer,"^ is an entry dated 1601: *' This manor
appears to belong to Lord Treasurer Buckhurst, to be
leased to Barnard Whitstanes Esq. at £260 per annum.*'
I do not trace how the manor passed from the Belling-
hams, but in the proceedings in Chancery in the reign
of Queen Elizabeth ^^ I find a notice of a suit in which
Thomas, Lord Buckhurst, Knight of the Garter, was the
plaintiff and Edward Bellingham and others the defen-
dants, the premises referred to being " the manor,

•

21 " S. A. C." Vol. II., p. 322.
aa 1st Ed. pub. 1733.
" Ibid., 2nd Ed., p. 83, Vol. III.

a* " Bun-ell MSS. " 5,683, p. 339. Quoted from MS. in the possesaion of Mr.
Wm. Shadwell, of Bingmer.

" ** Col. of the Proceedings," &c., 2 Eliz., p. 136, Vol. XIII., B. b. 29, No. W.

HANfU.FTON AND ITS niSTOKT.

375

capital iimsstiaofo or iiinDsioii house of IlaDglefon and
lands in Hangleton and East Aldrington ; " the Belling-
hams appear to have retained the last-named property
iiccording to the following, dated 1621**: — "The com-
mon fine of the Burrowo is 1' every half-year whereof
the farmer at Hangleton payetli at Lady day 2* and the
farmer of Sir Edward Bellingham's lands in East
Aldrington the other 2/ at michaelraas." This payment
of the common fine appears before this to have heen a
matter iu dispute, for in the '* Burrell M.SS. " there is
this qnotation *' : " Sir Barnard Whiteston ata Whetston
Kt. '* farmer of Hangleton did not contribute 1/3 with
Hangleton farm towards payment of the common fine
and thereupon at a Law day lioldea for y" said hundred
8 apr. '14 Eliz. (1602) the Jury (amongst whom were
many aged men) did present that time out of raind the
owners farmers of the Demesne or manor of Hangleton
had paid the common fine alone for that Burrowe ;
Benfildcs never charged with jiayment of any penny
thereof, and John Ainpleford the elder, George Fayre-
foot, Richard Fowler and other aged men of the jury did
then testify on oath that they knew Benfildes occupied
alone many years together (before Mr. Bellingham took
the same in farm) and the occupiers farmers thereof
were never charged with payment of one penny towards
the common fine."

The manor of Benfields, of which tho description from
Domesday has already been given, was tho estate of the
family of De Benefeld in 1325, " and according to the
Subsidy Roll of 13th of Henry IV. (1411) John Beny-
feld*" paid £22 for liia manor at Hangleton. In 14il>
there is the following (I quote from the "Burrell
MSS."), which is not very clear, and 1 do not, therefore,
attempt to translate, but this appears to bo the first
mention of tho Coverts, and also indicates the existence
of an important house at that date: — "Johes Norton
cond Robert filio Roberti Ponyngesnup DmdePonynges

" "Burteli IlSB.."p.339, 6flM.
" Fnm ■■ Bowc's MS8„" p. !'3.
* Baruanl WhiUUiuot. See aaU.

176 HANQLETON AKD ITS HISTORY,

& her suis 1 mess vo^ Benfeldes Place cum gardins
adjacenti que nuper fuerunt Simonis Benfild iu Shor-
ham. Walterus Covert Miles pro manerio de Benfilde
in Hangleton nuper Georgii Covert et Johis Benfilde *'
("Eowe's MSS." p. 142). The property passed
into the hands of the Coverts of Slaugham, the great
Sussex ironmasters, and described as "among the
greatest landed properties in the S. of England, tradi-
tion says that they could travel over their own manors
from Southwark to the English Channel," In 1503
John Covert died seized of the manor, leaving ^^ "his
three daughters his next heirs, Anne, aged 6, Elizabeth
aged 3, Dorothy aged 2 years," the manor being then
" worth £5 above reprizes and held of George Nevill
Lord Bergavenny but by what services is unknown."
In 1640 ^^ Thomas Covert settled the manor in jointure
upon Diana his wife, who was the youngest daughter of
George, Lord Goring (Sir George^ Goring, Vice-Chamber-
lain to the Queen, created Baron Goring of Hurstpier-
point in 1626). In "Mr. Trafford's Account, 1784,"
quoted in the **Burrell MSS.,"^* the following imperfect
entry brings us down to the present ownership : —
"... Nordcliff purchased Benfildes of . • . and left
it by will to his widow . . . who devised it to Henry
Southwell Esq. . . . who bequeathed it to his Brother
. . . Southwell of Wisbech in the Isle of Ely the pro-
prietor in 1 784. Mr. Southwell's sister married Sir —
Trafford K\ by whom she has one son . . . and one
daur. • . •" The present owner is Mr. Trafford
Southwell. The house, dating from the 16th century,
and often described was completely destroyed in 1871
(to the regret of antiquarians), to make way for a row of
labourers cottages. It is described by Mr. Blaauw,'** and
is supposed to have been a hunting seat of the Coverts.
The principal front was 66 feet long, and was noticeable
for the 16 shields of the family in stone displayed over
the carved stone porch. These shields were preserved

« " Bnrrell Add. MSS.," 3683, p. 331. ** " Add. MSS.,' 3683.

" Jhid. w " 8. A. C," Vol. X., p. 164.

^ "Berry's Pedigrees."

HANGLETOS AND ITS HISTORV. 177

by the late Mr. Edward Blaker, atid, with some other
portions of carved atone work from BeuEelda, have been
built into a wall at " Easthill," Portalade. There is a
well known view by Lambert, and an etching by Nibbs,
showing the front of the house, upon which these shields
are conspicuous.

We may now f;ive some attention to the parish
church, which is dedicated to S. Helen, and stands on
the bare hillside, about 30O yards above Hangleton
Place. Mr. Lower^^ describes it as originally Norman,
but I doubt whether there are any remains of Norman
work, and it may be described as Early English with
later additions. The building, which Mr. Hussey
describes in 1850 as "in melancholy condition,"'" consists
of tower (formerly open to tlia sky vide Lower), nave, and
chancel only, the greatest width being 17^ feet, and the
extreme length 62 feet; the walls are of large un-
broken fiints, a good proportion being laid iu a curious
herring-bone fashion, with stone dressings, some of the
work to the doorways, &o., being in hard grey chalk.
In the upper part of tlie south wall of the tower two
carved heads are built in at odd intervals, and a round-
headed doorway on the north has been built up; a small
part only of the original Horsham stone roofing re-
mains. The interior is severely plain, the floor, paved
with brick, rising considerably from the west end to the
chancel ; the roof is plastered, concealing all the timbers
except the five stout oak, much worn, tie beams. The
earliest dated tombstone is io the floor of the aisle, and
records that : —

BsfiK LiRTH Interbd Ye Bost op Asn Nobtoh (Dacohtbr of John
NoKTDH OF PoRXaLiDE AKD Anh BIS Wife) 1749.

In the south wall, and within the sanctuary, is a
monument, until lately buried in the plaster. Upon the
central space is a kneeling row of figures, on one side
the father and five girls, and facing them the mother and
four boys, all with scrolls rising from their mouths,

*• ■■ Hi«t. o( Bnuex," Vol. I., p. aOD. " " Uuseeja Clmrcbe*," p. 233.

XXXIV. 2 A

178 HANGLETON AND ITS HI8T0EY.

upon which may once have been the customary " Jesu
mercy," but time and careless use have long obliterated
both these and any other words. Beneath the eleven
kneeling figures are three recumbent forms, but the
marble shafts which should fill the spaces between the
stone caps and bases are gone, and there is nothing to
help to establish the date or identity of the memorial,
unless the style, a debased classic, points to early 18th
century workmanship. A curious niche remains on the
north of, and just below, the east window, probably an
aumbry, but so plastered up that no trace of any door or
fittings remains. The font is modern, and for the old
high-backed seats modern open benches have been
substituted. In the churchyard, the altar tombs of the
Hard wicks, for some generations tenants of the manor-
house, are most conspicuous, a grassy mound being the
only indication of the last resting place of the late Dr.
Kenealy, noted in connection with the Tichborne trial,
and formerly member for Stoke.

No mention is made of a church in Domesday, but
"Hangleton Church"^ is named amongst others in a
Charter to the monastery of S. Pancras, Lewes, from
Siffrid II., who was Bishop of Chichester from 1180 to
1204, and in the Taxation of Pope Nicholas ^ the value of
the church is given as £10 ; in the Inquisitiones
nonarum '^ made in the 10th of Edward III. (1369),
there is an interesting passage, part of which may be
quoted. ..." By the testimony on oath of John at
Holte, Robert Thomas, Thomas Hankyn, and William
Blood of the Parish Church of Hangleton who say
upon their oath that a tithe of sheaves is worth at the
same place this year seven marks, and a tithe of wool
and lambs 13/4 and not more. The amount of the
whole tithe aforesaid eight marks is all the aforesaid
church can be valued at for tithes. And they say that
the tithe aforesaid does not correspond nor reach to the
valuation of the aforesaid church iuasmuch as the rector
has a house and garden and curtilage to the value of

" " Huflsey's Churches/* p. 252. *• ** Non. Inq. •' p. 88&

•» "Tax. Eocl.,''P.Nioh.

nANflLETON AND ITS HISTORY.

179

O/-. Also the tithe of doves is worth C also the tithe
of flax and hemp is worth 5/ " also the tithe of cows
and calves with the dairy is worth 15/-. Also the tithe
of sucking pigs . . . and of bees " is worth x*. Also
they say that the fees are worth 11/-. Also they say that
several lands in the aforesaid parish were barren and
had been uncultivated in this year the tithe of whioh
was wont to be worth 13/- per annum. . . . Also they
say that the parish of Lewes takes titlies at the
same place to the value of 20/-. And they say that there
are not any persons in the aforesaid parish having
chattels beyond the value of 10/- nor such as live by
their lands and holdings.' In the "Valor Ecclesiasticus ""
(1535) there is a reference showing the value of the
church property on the very eve of the Reformation,
which states that " Henry Horneby rector there (at
Hangleton) is worth clearly by the year with all profits,
(besides l.lO.-t yearly payable to the Prior of Lewes for
a yearly pension . . .) 11.1-1.1."

The patronage which had been with the Prior and
Convent of S. Pancras, Lewes, until somewhere about
1537 (?), was then granted to Thomas Cromwell, Earl
of Essex. He was beheaded in 1540, and, by reason of his
attainder, the patronage reverted to the Crown, there " is
a grant in 1541 to Anno of Cleves for life, she died at
Chelsea in 1557, and members of the BelHngham Family
appear to have had the patronage until 1600, or a little
later, when it passed to the Sackville family. In 1582
there was some trouble with the incumbent, for in the
*' State Papers Domestic " ** there is an entry of " articles
exhibited by William Jackson master of artes against
Henry Shales, parson of Hangletonne the 8th of March
1582.*' Amongst other charges set forth are these —
" charged him with being professed or appointed to one
of the seminaries of Home or Fraunce within thease

" This. Mindlpativoiif theeJWngirogrowtlio/llieso.iaiulerealiQg. BodeapecioMy
M aXI yoftra aiiurior to tlie oitemined oomiiulaorj' growih ut these crops in the
24 nt Hmirj VII.

*■ Oho uf tha llelili ia itill knawn u " Hunexoruft."

" " Val. Kcol.." Vol. I, p. 32().

" *■ Pit. Roll.," Heii. VIII,. p. as.

""Stnto P. Domoal.," ISS3, Nu. 14. (uouiuiuniciiteJ bj Mr. P. E.Sawyer, P.S.A.)

180 HANGLETON AND ITS HISTORY.

foure five or sixe yeares. That he had said mass
helped the priest. That he maintained dangeroi
heresies viz. that there are two justifications befo
God, *the former and the latter and after we
sanctified ye works y* then we doe be meritorious. . .
Heretical sermon preached at S. Michaels Lewes i
26th Feb. ... In that sermon he did . . . rape
divers of y* Godlie ministers of ye diocesse whome ]
often called — * The new brotherhood the brotherhood
separation, the separated brethren, private spiri
&c. ...*** This is signed by the following as witnessc
" Thomas Underdonne, John Lecke," and others. IM
Shales seems to have met this attack with a counte
charge, in which he says** "That Mr. Underdoni

! preached in S. Mychael's Church in Lewis that the

was no cause why the people should fere any dainger
fall upon them for hearing such doctrine from a man n
outwardly called for y* was not a few collects or ii

I position of hands that maketh a preacher but if he ht

an inwarde assurance and persuasion that he was calh
by God, he moaght lawfully prech, and this he prov<
by the . . . examples of Oregen . . . and of Willia

! Holcott of Wellsfield who without outward callii

I preached at William Jewells funei*al." Eventually

appears that Mr. Shales was " excluded out of y* nomb

. of preachers," and that something was done with bol

Mr. Jackson and Mr. Underdonne, whose names a
bracketted together, but without any explanatory coi
ment. In 1585, Henry Shales resigned the living
Hangleton. *^ In 1603, in the answers to the inquii
made by the Bishop of Chichester as to the condition i
the parish, the incumbent states that *® " in this parit
of Hangleton whereof I am parson the whole pari
consisteth of but one house and there are about ]
communicants." Later, in 1724, dissent had made gre
havoc in the flock, probably owing to the influence
the Scrases as before recited, for the reply then is ** tl
number of families are (sic) five the biggest of whi^

4« •' state p. Domeet.," No. 16. « ** S. A. C./' Vol. IV, p. 265.

*r ^ Eeg. Ab. p. Whitgif t," f o. 358 b.

RAKOLETOK AND ITS HISTORY. 181

are Quakers," tliat there had been no communion
within the memory of man, and that the parsonage
had been destroyed by lightning many years before. Of
this parsonage we find an earlier record in the " Inqui-
Bitiones Nonarum " of 1369, already quoted, "The
rector has a house and garden ; '* and again in 1635,** in
"a Terrier of Gleabe Lands and Buildings belongenge
unto the parsoniig of HangelUon taken the 21' day of
marche in the eleventh yeere of the Raigne of o^ Sovaigne
Lord Charles ..." there is a description worth partial
quotation, "We have ... a Parsonug Howse, a Barne,
a cloase and parcell of Land adjoining to the Howse con-
tsyinge on Rood of groundo having the Church on the
South, the high way on the East and the Right Honor-
able the Earle of Doraete Landeon the northeand west."
There is further this passage : " And more over it hath
byn well knowne to have had one acre of arable Land
lyeing among the Land late Sr Water Courte deceased
for wch he hath oftentimes paid Rent but of laett yeers
he hath detayned."

The destruction of the parsonage above mentioned is
more particularly described in the oddly-worded first
entry in the Portslade Parish Registers. " Through the
sacred Providence of Almighty God the old Church Regis-
ter of Portslade was burnt by Lightening together with
y* Parsonage House of Hangleton on Thursday 31" of
may between 4 and 6 morning 1666 John Temple, clerke
being y' Rector thereof." At the present time neither
Parsonage, tithe barn, "the cloase," nor the garden are
any longer to be found.

There are no entries of much interest in the existing
Parish Register, unless we except the following : —
" 1677. Oct. 2. Bur. John Jacob of Flushing set sick
on shore at West Aldrington by a Brighthelmstone
boat." Before concluding, some notice may be taken
of the present isolated position of the parish church,
especially in connection with one or two other facts
relating to the population. By the census of 1881 the
parish of Hangleton contained 11 houses (all of these

'■ Terrier," io., orig. prob. at Cbichaater, copy at PorUlada Vicarage.

182 HANGLBTON AND ITS HISTORY,

except Hangleton Place being new cottages) and 79 in-
habitants, an increase of 18 persons since the previous
census. In 1724, as we have noticed, there were only
five families, in 1603 only one house (this is puzzling, as
both *^ Benfields " and Hangleton Place must have then
existed), and 15 communicants. In 1367 there were no
persons having chattels beyond the value of lOs., but the
population is not recorded. In Domesday 57 persons
are mentioned, besides the lord, and it therefore seems fks
if at no time within record was the parish a populous one.
But upon the Ordnance Maps, on the south-west slope of
the hillside beyond the church, and quite away from the
part of the parish which is now inhabited, is marked
"the site of the ancient village of Hangleton," this
being, to some extent, confirmed by the extent of the
brick and flint foundations which, I am informed, are
always noticed here when the land is ploughed, and
amongst the old field-names this is given as '* Stony
Croft ."^ The sexton also tells me that he finds it quite
impossible to dig in any part of the churchyard (not a
very small one) without disturbing previous interments,
and that the whole ground is " full of bones up to the
top." This hardly seems accounted for by an average
population of 30 or 40 souls. It may possibly be that
the Black Death (1348-9) or some similar pestilence
nearly exterminated the parish, but no reference appears
to show this.

In conclusion I have to express my indebtedness to
several members of the Society for information and assis-
tance, to the Eev. 0. A. Stevens, M.A., of Portslade,
the Bev. A. P. Gordon, M.A.^ of Newtimber, and espe-
cially to^ Mr. P. E. Sawyer, F.S.A., for many valuable
memoranda, and to Miss Hardwick, of Hangleton Place,
for a list of the field names, etc. A list of the incum-
bents of Hangleton is appended.^^

<<> It is correntlj reported that a tannelled passage exists mnning from this point
in the direction of West Blatchington.

>i Most of the particulars in this list have been kindly supplied from the MSS.
ooUections of the late J. B. Freeland, Esq., by his son, H. W. Freeland, Esq.,
formerly M.P. for Chichester, except where other aathoritiea are mentioned.

Simon lugolf.

1403.

William Newton,

Jan. 15.

1407.

John Lokyngton,

Ap. 28.

William Worthe,

1442.

John Qeryeys,

Jane 25.

1444.

Thomas W hyte,

Mar. 15.

1478.

Walter Cove,

1484.

John Hugh,

Mar. 80.

1511.

Henry Prior.

Jan. d.

1528.

Henry Homely,

BANOLETON AND ITS HISTORY. 183

on the resignation of Simon Ingolf,

who had exchanged for Cowfold.
on resignation of William Newton.

■

on the death of William Worthe.

on the resignation of John Gerreya.

(? Walter Covert. A Walter Covert is
mentioned in " Rowe's MSS.," 27
Hen. VI.)

on resignation of Walter Cove.

on the death of Henry Prior.
Feb. 16.

The Prior and Convent of Saint Pancras, Lewes, were the Patrons up
to this date, and also of West Blatchington.
John Wilson.
1568. Edward Cracknelle, on the death of John Wilson, and

Feb. 16. presentation of Edward Belling-

nam.

'* On Jnne 9, 1585, the churches of Blachington and Hangleton nnited

by Archbishop Whitgift, the see of Chichester being vacant." — " Reg.

Arbp. Whitgift," fol. 858, b.)

1582. Henry Shales, on resignation of Edward Cracknelle.

1585. Thomas Wilsha, on resignation of Henry Shales.

Jane 9. Richard Bellingham of Hangleton

patron.— (" Reg. Arbp. Whit-

gift.")

1589. Richard May, A.M. on resignation of Thomas Wilsha.

Jan. 10. Richard Mann(qy. ?)

The patronage was henceforward with the Sackville family.
1609. Joseph Bonne, on death of Richard Mann ; in a

Jan. 17. roll of the several armors and fur-

niture with the names of the clergy
within the Archdeaconry of Lewes,
1612, there appears " Hangleton,
Glynde, Mr. Boone (double bene-
ficed), • a musquet furnished.' "
•« S. A. C," Vol. XL, p. 225.)
1618. John Bridge, on death of Joseph Boone (see

Sept. 1. Terrier of Qlebe Land, &c., already

quoted).

Li a list of the ** contribution
of the clergie withih the diocese of

184 HANGLETON AND ITS HISTORY.

Chichester 1634 twards the repair-
inge of S. Panls church in Lon-
don," appears " John Bridge par-
son of Hangleton and vicar of

£ s. d.
Portslade 00 10 00." ("Suss.
Daily News," 7 Oct., 1876.)
1669. John Temple. *' John Temple, Clerk Licentiate

Jan. 26. Preacher was inducted into ye

Parish Church by Mr. Peter
Wynne Hector of Southweeke."
(Portslade Parish Register, 2nd
entry.)
1709. John Tattersall, A.M. on death of John Temple.

Ap. 18.

1741. Edward Raynes, A.B., on death of John Tattersall.

Jan. 81.

1755. Robert Norton, A.M., on death of Edward Raynes.

Oct. 6.
1757. John Clutton, A.B., on death of Robert Norton.

Feb. 25.

1815. Henry Hoper, A.M., on death of John Clutton.

Feb. 24.

Blatchington was in the 18th century united to Brighton, and Hangle-
ton is now united to Portslade under an order in Council dated 28
July, 1864.

The list of the Field names may perhaps be useful, and
is herewith given : —

Cowdren, or Cowdens.
Pigeon House Field.
North Lain.
White House Piece.
Skeleton Hovel.
Upper Dencher.
East Bottom Croft.
Honey Croft.
Stone Croft
High Dole.
Dean.

Upper Lain.
Benfields House Piece.

T» 1 'I These are on the same estate, but just

ThrGibbets.«3 J ^^®^ *^® Aldrington boundary.

^> Some men hanged here for robbing the mail, aooording to local tradition.

HISTORY OF THE P.UtlSH OF OVINa

Br THs REV. H. M. DA VET, M.A., F.G.S., Vicae.

OVING.

The restoration of the ancient churoli of thla parish in
the year 1881, led me to put together what facts I could
find relating to Oving. These, forming a short history
of the parish, were privately printed in 1883. It has
been thought by some that it might interest the mem-
bers of our Society if this History were printed in our
" Collections." I needly hardly tell antiquaries that the
account given in "Dallaway" formed the basis of the
materials which I was able to collect.

This large parish extends at least four miles ; from
South Bersted to the City of Chichester. It is bounded
by Tangmere, Boxgrove, and Westhampnett on the North,
by Aldiugbourne and South Bersted on the East, by
Merston and North Mundhain oq the South, and by
Rumboldswyko and S. Pancras, Chichester, on the West.
It is situated, civilly, in Bos and Stockbridge Hundred,
Rape of Chichester, Union of Westhampnett; and,
ecclesiastically, in the Diocese and Archdeaconry of
Chichester, and Rural Deanery of Boxgrove, First
Division. The total area of tlie parish is, according
to the last Ordnance Survey (1875), acres 2,'.(8i)'2iH — (.e.,
2,989 acres, 1 rood, 7 perches, — made up as follows: —

Land ... ... ... 2,891-223

Water .
Roada
Railways .

18-518
66-937
11-436

Gross estimated rental tn 1»77, £'J,'22(i ; rutcablu value, £7,9t
XXXIV. 2 D

186 A HISTOBY OF THE PARISH OP OVING,

The Arundel and Portsmouth canal, now disused,
passes through the parish ; also the London, Brighton,
and South Coast Railway, which has a station at Dray-
ton.

According to Tithe Commutation Map (1840) the total
area of the parish was 2,946 acres, 1 rood, 38 poled.

Part of the parish is within the parliamentary boundary
of the City of Chichester, and a small part within the
municipal. The western portion of the parish adjoining
Chichester, called Portfield, was constituted an Ecclesi-
astical District, and the Church of All Saints*, Portfield,
consecrated in 1871.

The population in 1801 was — Oving and Portfield 464

„ 1811 „ 476

„ 1831 „ 789

1851 „ 875

„ 1861 „ 949

1871 „ 1,404

1881 „ 5,646

The name Oving, pronounced Ooving, is derived

Sossibly from Offa, King of Mercia, a.d. 780, or from
>ves, sheep. [The Isle of Sheppey is called Ovinia.]
There is a village of the same name, but pronounced as
spelt, near Aylesbury, in Buckinghamshire.

From the earliest times the chief part of this parish
has been bestowed on the Church. In Domesday Book
(a.d. 1080) no specific mention is made of Oving, which,
it may be concluded, was parcel of the great Manor of
Aldingbourne, given to the Bishops in Saxon times.
[Caedwalla, a.d. 680, King, gave the Manor of Alding-
bourne and other rich domains to endow the bishopric
which S. Wilfrid founded at Selsey, and which was
transferred to Chichester in 1075.]

The Manor is co-extensive with the parish, with the
exception of the Manorial Farm belonging to the Pre-
bend of Colworth, and Shopwyke, which was parcel of
the Honor of the Eagle (de Aquila) annexed to the
Castle of Pevensey. At the present time the Eccle-
siastical Commissioners are Lords of the Manor, as well
as the impropriators of the great tithes; they possess

A niKTOBY OP THE PAHISH OF OVINO. 187

also the Prebendal Estates of Colwortli and Woodliorn
as well aa Ovincr, besides other property iu the pnrish
obtained by purchase and exchange. The present annual
vahie of the property in this parish beloneing to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners is, from land £2,0S0, from
great titherent charge £850 — or nearly £3,000 per annum.
Dallaway, in his History, says, " When the office of Pre-
centor was estabhshed in the Catliedral Church of
Chichester by Bishop Seffrid the First, bo endowed it
amply with manor and demesnes of Oving, and with
certain tithes at that time paid to the See." [Seffrid is
a mistake for Iladulphus or Ralph I. (1091 — 1125), who
established and endowed the offices of Dean, Chancellor,
and Treasurer, aa well as Precentor.]

THE MANOR. AND IMPROPRIATION OP OVINa,

FORMERLY THE ENDOWMENT OF THE PRECENTOR

OF CHICHESTER CATHEDRAL, NOW THE PROPERTY

OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL COMMISSIONERS.

"Endowment in 1811: — Manor, &c., 277 acres and
many cottages held of same by copy of court roll, lialf
the fines and heriots reserved to Chanter, leased for three
lives. 260 acres of customary measure, 197 arable, 57
meadow. Tithes of 2,579 acres, 2,108 arable, com-
pounded for £803 12s. tid. The estate is ctiarged with
an annual payment to Chanter of £52. The whole profits
of Manor amount to £58 per annum." The Tithe Com-
mutation Award in 1836 was £353 9s., which now be-
longs to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners.

The Precentorship is valued in Pope Nicholas' valua-
tion, A.D. 1278, at £63, and in King's books at £35 Os. 5d.,
aa follows: —

^dovrment in 1535 : —

£ 8, A.
Fnrm of Manor of Onng, with sppurtonaDces,

called tie Prebend of Oving 19 2 I

' F«nu of WcBtJean called Uilfiton 4 11 8

1 Titbes of Oring annexed to the Dignity 20

188 A H18T0ET OP THE PABI8H OF OYING.

Reprisals :~~

£ B. d.
To the Chaplain of the Chantiy at the altar of B.

Pautaleon in the Cathedral S

To the Prebendary of Colworth 16 8

To Steward and Recelrer 3 6 8

De Claro, £35 Os. 5d. £8 18 4

[The Chantry of S. Pantaleon, Martyr, a.d. 303 (July
2?), Patron Saint of Physicians, founded by Bishop
Ralph, Tras situated at east end of north aisle of choir,
where the Miller Monuments now are.]

Parliamentary Survey of Oving Manor and Impro-
priate Rectory, 1649 : —

£ B. d.
Bents of assize of copyholders in pariah of Ofing: 6 19 6^

Courts fiaron, fines, &c 2 10

All that capital messuage or mansion house called
the Manor Bouse, brick-b nil ding, &c., fenced
garden, orchard containing two acres, and 186

acres of land 14 10

The three closes of arable at end of Upper Oving
Lane, Eight Meads, containing ten acres, and
eight acres of arable called Beech Fields, do pa;
tithe, com and hay, to Vicar of Oving, all the

residue of 186 acres are tithe free

Improved value of copyhold, beside said rent of

£6 19s.6id 163 16

The copyholdB are all grantable for lives ; the
heriots payable on the best goods.

The lessees of the Manor, &c., of late years are as
follows : —

The lease was held in 1649 by J. Ashburnham, Esq.,
and about 1670 was transferred to William Bison, Esq.
It 1730 it fell in to Daniel Walter, Precentor, and was
released to Daniel Walter, his son, Mary, his daughter,
and Elizabeth his daughter, wife of John Tench, clerk.
His daughter Dorothy married W. Poole, Esq. Having
devolved on Sir H. Poole, Bart., it was sold to Edmund
Woods, Esq., of Sbopwyke, ia 1811. He died in 1833,
aged 84, when it came into possession of his only sur-
viving daughter, Katbarioa Woo^ who, dying, in 1848,

A HISTOBT OF THE PAKISH OP OVING.

aged 62, left it to her c

189

r cousin, the Kev. tj. H. Woods. In
1857 the then Precentor, the Rev. Samuel Holland, M.D.
(Precentor since 1820), died, and the Act of Parliament,
passed in 1836, came into force, whereby the Manor and
Impropriation became the property of the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners, they paying to Mr. Woods the value of
the one life, which in the ordinary course of things would
have delayed their possession. The ancient Prebendal
House (as it was called), now the farmhouse of the Manor
Farm, contains vestiges of the ago of Henry VII. It
was rebuilt temp, Charles I., remodelled at the beginning
of the present century, and again in 1874. It was for
some yeai"3 the residence of the family of Elson, then
possessed of considerable property in this district.
Monumental slabs of Sussex raarl)le to the memory of
some of the family form part of the pavement of the
chancel. [Before the recent restoration, part of the
space within the Communion rails was paved with
them.]

This John Ashburnham mentioned above was pro-
bably the John who was groom of the bed-charaber to
Charles I. and Member of Parliament for Hastings,
1640. He held the same office under Charles II., and
assisted that monarch in his flight from Oxford and
Hampton Coui-t. He was son of Sir J. Ashburnham of
Ashburnham, Sussex, ancestor of the present Lord.

This branch of the family of Elaon is now, I believe,
extinct. The first named in Dallaway is John Elson, of
Clymping, who died 1592; bis son John, of Barnham,
was succeeded by his son William, of Barnham and
Oviug, who died 1(J79. Of his four children, his son
William was Member of Parliament for Chichester,
1695 — 1713. He it was, who, at the Coronation of Queen
Anne, 1702, promised (and I suppose performed his pro-
mise), to maiie the conduit run with wine at his own
cost. His daughter Anne became the wife of Alan
Carr, of Chichester, son of Thomas Carr, Vicar of
Oving, whose son Thomas was Member of Parliament
for Chichester in 1708. Thus, uncle and nephew were
Members of Parliament for the same place almost at the

190 A HISTORY OP THE PARISH OP OVING.

same time. Anne, daughter and heiress of William
Elson, was the second wife of Sir Thomas Miller, Bart.,
of Chichester, but both her children died infants. The
present baronet lives at Froyle Park, Hants.

With regard to Queen Anne's coronation, in the Cor-
poration Act Book occurs this notice : ** Coronation
Day, resolved, that two dozen of wine be sent to Mrs.
Mayoress, to drink Her Majesty's health with such
gentlewomen as shall come to her house (John Sharer
was Mayor). £26 allowed for the whole expense of
the day, as W. Elson, Esq., representative in Parlia-
ment, has promised the Corporation to make the con-
duit run with wine at his own charges. 1704.

Ordered, that each member of the Corporation who
shall attend the Mayor to prayers on Thanksgiving Day
(for the battle of Blenheim) shall be allowed a bottle of
wine."

Mayors —

1706. Sir John Miller, Bart.

1708. Thomas Carr [Member of Parliament also].

1709. John Elson [nephew of William, Member of Parliament].

In the parish register occur the following remarks :—
" Johannes Drake, Vicarius, cum Gulielmus Elson, sen.,
Armiger, Manuarium et Rectoriam de Oving, emit ab
Johanne Ashburnham Armigero, decimo octavo Novem-
bris die. Anno Dni, 1669."

" James Ingram was Vicar when the successors of
William Elson, Esq., through negligence and indolence,
suffered the Manour and Rectory of Oving to lapse into
the hands of the Chanter (under whom it was held), the
Reverend Mr. Daniel Walter, Vicar of Cuckfield, Anno
Domini, 1730. Sixty-one years in possession of the
Elsons.'' No doubt the Rev. J. Ingram wrote the
above con amore^ for in the register he writes, "J.
Ingram, Vicar till Michaelmas, afterwards Curate ;
Daniel Walter, Vicar " — t.e.y the father gave the living
to his son. The descendants of Mr. Ingram and Mr.
Walter are now living in the same parish, Chailey
(James Ingram, Esq., and Rev. Prebendary Hepburn),

A HISTOET OP TOE PARISH OF OVINO.

191

knowing uotliing of any disafjrccment of jforraer times,
both of whom also recognised the connection of their
famihcs with Oviug, by subacribing to the restoration of
the church in 1881.

The Rev. Daniel Walter, was Precentor from 1719 to
17GI. He wasa]so Vicar of Cuckfiold, and Prebendary
of and Vicar of Wisborough, find ig buried at Cuckfield.
An inscription to hia memory is (or was) in the Pres-
bytery of the Catiiodral : " Daniel Walter, Vicar of
Cnckfiehi, Cliantor and Canon Residentiary, 1761, c^^Sl."
Ho married a daitfjbter of Bishop Mauuingliam (Bishop
of Chichester, 1709— ] 722), hence, no doubt, his pre-
ferments. As already mentioned, his son Daniel was
Vicar uf Oving, and succeeded his father as Prebundary
of Wisborough, 17-lG. He died in 1781, and is buried
in a vault in the chancel of Oviug church. The in-
scription on a tablet on the north wall of the cliancol
is as follows : — " Jn memory of the Rev. Daniel Walter,
M.A., Impropriator and Vicar of tliis CImrch, and Pro-
boudary of the Catliedral of Chichester, who died
January IGth, 1781. Aged GO. Thia testimony of
affection and grief for the loss of the best of husbands
and sincerest of friends was erected by his unhappy
widow, Miiry Walter." She survived her husband
eighteen years, for the register bonk of burials has this
entry: "1799, April I6tli, Mrs. Mary Walter, Widow."
Others of the family are also buried here, " 1783, Mrs.
Mary Walter from Chichester," and '* 179G, Mrs. Eliza-
beth Tench, from Chichester," hia two sisters. The
latter married tbe Rev. John Tencli, who was Preben-
dary and Incumbent of Earthiira in 1770, and who seems
to have been connected with the county, as a Thomas
Tench was Incumbent of Selham in 1082, and a John
Tenoh Vicar of Harting in 1G76.

To show the difference in the state of travelling one
hundred years ago — Sir H, Poole makes entry in liis
diary : " 1781, January 17th, received an express from
Chichester of the death of ray poor uncle, Mr. Walter,
and went as far aa Steyuing. 22ud, Mr. Walter buried

192 A HISTORY OP tHB PAEISH OP OVING.

in Oving. 26, came from Chichester after one o^cIock
over Shoreham Ferry to Lewes/*

Dallaway gives a list of the Precentors from Karlo,
1120, to his own time. A few held the Deanery as well
as Precentorship, e.g.^ John de Sancto Leofardo, nephew
of Bishop Gilbert de S. Leofardo, 1305. Joseph Hen-
shaw, 1660, afterwards Bishop of Peterborough and
Norwich, who was deprived on account of his loyalty.
Joseph Goulston, 1663. Nathaniel Crewe, 1669, after-
wards Bishop of Durham. George Stradling, 1671.

The gift of the Precentorship rested and rests with the
Bishop ; formerly it was a valuable appointment, about
£1 ,600 per annum, as it was endowed with the Manor Farm
and the great tithes ; but since 1859, it is merely honorary.
Dr. S. Holland was the last of the Precentors under the
old regime ; he was presented to the office by his father-
in-law. Lord Chancellor Erskine, by some arrangement
which was common at that date, by which the Arch-
bishop had a claim to a benefice of value upon a
Bishop's appointment, and in this case he made an ex-
change with a benefice in the gift of the Lord Chancellor.
When Dr. Kowden was given the Precentorship by
Bishop Gilbert, it had been shorn of all its endowment,
even of the house in the Close known as the Chantry,
which has now been allotted by the Ecclesiastical Com-
missioners as a residence to one of the Canons Resi-
dentiary.

THE PEEBENDAL ESTATE OF COLWORTH, NOW THE
PROPERTY OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL

COMMISSIONEES.

Colworth is a Prebendal Manor forming the " Corpus '*
of the Prebend of Colworth in the Cathedral Church.
It was leased to W. Peachey (or Pech6) in 1604; T.
Sandham in 1649 ; and W. Bridger, gent., held it in
1776. It now belongs to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners. The Prebend of Colworth (or Coleworth) is
valued in Pope Nicholas' valuation at £26, and in Lib.
Reg. at £18 13s. 4d. The endowment was the Manor
Farm.

^H A niSTOBT OP THE PARISD OF OVINO. 193

Pai'liamentary Survey and Particulars of Colworth,
the poaseseion of one of the Prebendaries of Chichester,
1649 ;—

All that capital Measoftgo, called tlje Manor HoiBe of Colworth, 8G
acres of di'mesno lamia, all tithe free, exce^it IG acres valued at £77 lis.
ImproTcd value of Copyholds besides present rents, £114.
Hcriots payable by all Copyholders are the beat beaels, &c., &c,

Henry de Garland, Dean, 1332, was Prebendary o£
Colworth, and founded t"he Chantry of Bishop Gilbert de
S. Leofiirdo and the Blessed Virgin, iu the Cathedral,
called the Colworth Cliartry in the Chapel of S. Faith,
within the Cloister, for the repose of the soul of Roger
de la Grave, Canon, 1337. It appears, however, that in
1441 it was so ruinated and uncared for that the
Chantry priest did not celebrate for the founder as he
ought, trees even growing in the Chantry,

[The Chapel of S. Faith, (Virgin and Martyr, 4th
century, vide Prayer Book, October Gth), situate iu the
S.E. angle of the Cloisters, was founded before 1313,
and the lodging of the Cliantry Priests adjoined it.] Be-
fore tlie time of Queen Elizabeth, the revenues of the
greater number of the Chantries, of which there were
many in the Cathedral, were received by the Chapter in
trust, who were charged with payment of stipends to tho
priests. It was held that every Bishop must have been
a Prebendary. Adam Moleyns, temp. Hon. VI., was
made Prebendary of Colworth to entitle hiiu to receive
tho Bishopric.

THE PREBENDAL ESTATE OF WOODHORN, NOW TflE

PBOPEKTY" OF THE ECtJLESIASTICAL

COMMISSIONERS.

Woodhorn is another Prebendal Manor; its endow-
ment " Manor farm of Woodborne, iu Parish of Oving,
and Impropriation of Erlingtoa mth glebe lauds."
Erhngton, now Arlington, is a parish of COO souls in the
eastern portion of the Diocese, post town, Hawkburst.
The Prebendary hud to provide for services in the
""Thantry situated iu Arlington Churchyard (cu/e "Susses
( XX3]V. 2 c

194 A HISTOEY OF THE PAHTSH OF OVING,

Archaeological Collections/' Vol. III.) The value of the
Prebend is put down at £20, both in Pope Nicholas' and
Lib. Reg. It was leased as usual for lives. Joseph Long
was lessee in 1800. Until quite recently the land was
covered with brushwood and scrub, but is now good
arable land. A substantial farm-house was built by the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners in 1873.

The Rev. Dr. Holland was Prebendary of Woodhorn
as well as Precentor.

The Rev. H. B. Whittaker Churton, Vicar of Ickles-
ham, has been Prebendary of Colworth since 1842, and
the Rev. J. F. Hodgson, Vicar of Horsham, Prebendary
of Woodhorn since 1861. They are both Priests' Stalls,
t.e., the Prebendaries sang at the High Altar.

We now proceed to speak of other property in the
parish, which belonged to the Church, with the exception
of Shopwyke.

Drayton, or Westcote Drayton, formed a part of the
original endowment of the Priory of Boxgrove. This
Priory was founded by Robert de Hai&, 1117, in honour
of the Virgin Mary and S. Blaise (patron of wool-
combers) for monks of the Benedictine Order, the
original number of three being added to by William and
Robert St. John in 1149. It was a cell of the Abbey of
TBssaie in Normandy. When the alien Priories were
taken possession of by Edward III., Boxgrove was made
denizen. It was suppressed, 1535, and seized by the
Crown. The Manor Farm of Drayton was granted to
Richard Sackville, Esq., who sold it to Thomas
Bisshoppe, Esq. It then came into the hands of John
Boniface, who left it to his daughter, Bet Boniface, whose
trustees, after her death, parted with it to the Duke of
Richmond, the present possessor, who also owns another
farm called Drayton, situate in the same parish, and
which was acquired by him previously.

Groves was a farm also belonging to Boxgrove Priory.
It was granted to Richard Chatfield at the suppression,
who was succeeded by the family of Elson, from whom
Alan Carr, who married Ann Alson, inherited. Their
son, Thomas, ^as before stated, was Member of Parlia-

A HiyTORT OF THE PAKIRH OF OnNO.

195

ment for Chichester in 1708. Pliilip Lawrence was
proprietor in 1800. It now belonga to the Duke of
Riciimonii. A fine old mansion was taken down about
18GG, of which the walls of the garden only remain.

Another estate, known rs Colworth Farm, was held,
together with Groves, by Richard Chatfield, in 1547,
probably a grant from the Crown, which descended to
John Chat6eld of Groves in 1634. About 1710 it was
the property of Richard North, twice Mayor of
Chichester. He bequeathed it to his niece, Sarah

Renaud, wife of Gillum. It was purchased in 1810

by John Boniface.

The Ecclesiastical CommissionerB are now the owners
by purchase.

Besides the above large estates formerly belonging to
the Cathedral Church and now owned by the Ecclesias-
tical Commissioners, other lands, belonging to Boxgrove
Priory, in addition to those already mentioned as now be-
longing to the Duke of Richmond (some 800 acres), were
granted by the Crown to various persons who soon
transferred them.

We now come to consider the manor of Shopwyke or
Shapwick, which never was Church property like the
others. Dallaway says, " It is a very ancient Manor,
originally held in captie by the Crown by a Knight's
Service, as of the honour ' de Aquila,' upon which
account it has been styled Shopwyke Egle," " Sohapwicke
Egle," 39 Eliz. It is not particularised in Domesday
Book ; but the Testa de Novil, an evidence approach-
ing nearest to it in point of antiquity, states that
the honour having reverted to the Crown, King Henry
I. gave it for the rent of one hundred shillings
to Reginald Hareng, a veteran soldier who had been
wounded, whoso heirs held it in the reign of Henry III.
Soon after that period it was annexed to the Earldom of
Arundel. It was part of the jointure of Beatrix,
Countess of Aruudel iu 1428, and in 1471 was aliened
by Thomas, Earl of Arundel, to Thomas Hoo, Esq.
From him it passed, in 1475, to Sir George Browue, of
Botchworth Castle, in Surrey, who was attaiuted in Uj

198 A HISTOBT OP THE PARISH OP OVING.

tythes of the whole Parish, and is of the yearly value of
£46.'*

In the Tithe Commutation Act, 1836, the award to
the Vicar is £270 10s. Extract as follows : —

£t 8. d.

Gross Rent Charge payable to Tithe-owners in Ilea of

tithes, inclading tithe of glebe
^o V iv&r ••• ••• ••• ••• •••

To Rev. Dr. Holland (Rector)

To Dean and Chapter

To Prior or Master of S. Mary's (Magdalen) Hospital

•••

12 10
270 10
853 9

56 11

[ 80

£1,210 10

110 acres of land at Colworth exempt from great tithes
by prescription ; la, 3r., belonging to C. Tipper, exempt
from all tithes. Vicar entitled to great tithes of
Parsonage and Chantry House and of demesne lands
amounting to 95 acres and all small tithes ; glebe lands
not subject, la. Ir. 32p.

The two fields belonging to C. Tipper are called in
Tithe Map, Church Field and Church Meadow; they
were originally called Bell-rope Fields, I believe, the rent
being applied to provide bell ropes for the church bells,
but the churchwardens at the beginning of this century
not looking after the matter, allowed the rent to be lost
for ever to the church. The 95 acres which pay great
tithes to the Vicar are situated chiefly at Colworth.

The Dean and Chapter were impropriators of 194
acres at Portfield.

The Prior or Master of the Hospital of SS. James and
Mary Magdalene, for Lepers, (on road from Chichester to
Westhampnett, near the Lavant) had 80 acres at
Colworth, given by Bishop Seffrid, temp. Henry II.
The hospital had also lands at Portfield.

The endowment of Vicarage now consists of the above-
mentioned tithe rent charge, £270 10s., — 15s. of which
has since (1882), been redeemed under the Act; £14
granted by Ecclesiastical Commissioners out of their
common fund, signed by her Majesty in Council, 23rd
September, 1859 ; also a sum of £QQ and £2 for holy

A msTOEY OF THE PAEIBH OP OVIKG.

199

bread, from the same source ; aiinesatiou of No. 308 on
Tithe Map, dated 20th September, 1803, called Alms-
house Field, of 2 acres, 2 roods, 19 poles; and aooexa-
tion of land, gardea, coach-house and stables, partly
in front, partly to south-west and partly to north-east
of Vicarage House, dated S.'ith March, 1867, Noa. on
Tithe Map, 300, 301, 302, quality, pasture; quantity, 1
acre, rood, 4 poles; 304, garden, 17 poles; 305,
meadow with stable and coach-liouso, 1 rood, 18 polea;
306, orcliard, 1 rood, 39 poles ; total, 1 acre, 3 roods, 38
poles — t'.c.jpart of kitchen garden aud pasture land lead-
ing from front gate to the house.

Thus the Ecclesiastical CoraraiBsioners, since they
came into possession of the rectorial property, have
added about four acres, making with the original glebe
about sis acres of land, including tho kitchen garden.
The gross value of the living is, therefore £353, and tho
net £305, with four acres of garden and pleasure grounds
and two acres let for £6.

The old Vicarage House, which was small, stood near
the road at the bottom of what is now the lawn ; which,
indeed, formerly, was all the land belonging to the
Vicarage.

The present house was built under the auspices of
Miss Woods, 1839, who was at that time the lessee of
the great tithes. The Vicar at that time was the Rev.
G. H. Langdon, for whom Miss Woods obtained the pre-
sentation, making an arrangement with the patron for
this living being vacated in favour of her nominee. [She
purchased an advowson, which she made over to the
patron in exchange for the presentation to Oving.] A
sum of money (£866) was borrowed of Queen Anne's
■Bounty for the purpose of building.

OVING CITUECH.

The church is cruciform, and consists of nave, chancel,

and north and south transepts, with a tower at the west

end, aunnounled by an obtuse spire of shingles. It is a

'"'articularly tine specimen of a Sussex church of the 13th

200 A HISTOEY OF THE PAEISH OF OVING.

century. The date of the building as we see it now (for
the transepts are of the same date as the church) is
about 1220. It was restored by Miss Woods, who was
lessee of the great tithes in 1840, chancel as well as
church. These have been restored again (1881). The
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, as rectors, restored the
chancel, which was re-opened on Easter Day, 1881, the
chief work being a new roof of oak and oak fittings, very
handsome and solid. A costly holy table of carved oak
was presented by J. F. France, Esq., the owner of a
small property in the parish, in memory of his late wife.
An account of the seven memorial windows will be found
on page 207. The cost of restoration of the church was
£1,600, contributed by the landowners, inhabitants, and
other friends, and the church was re-opened in October
of the same year. During the late restoration the
foundations of an earlier Norman church were discovered.
These ran in a straight line eastward from about three
feet on either side of the tower arch. Many stones
of the old church are worked into the walls of the
present structure. Two were especially noticeable when
the concrete was cleared off the wall of the north tran-
sept, and have not been plastered over. A piece of stone
was also found, supposed to be the abacus of a pillar ; if
so, the original church had an aisle, which was pulled
down when the present church was built. The church at
the restoration (so-called), in 1840 had every vestige of
antiquity, if any existed then, removed. As it appeared
previously to the late restoration it presented anything
but a cheerful aspect as to its interior. The walls in many
places were covered with green mould, the corner by the
pulpit being perfectly green ; the ceiling was a plastered
one, and flat, very dirty and patched in many places ;
the chancel had a semi-circular lath and plaster ceiling,
and the walls were especially damp and mouldy. The
backs and sides of the pews in chancel and transepts
where they touched the walls were rotten. The pews
themselves were of various shapes, painted, and with
doors. At the west end of the church, completely block-
ing up the tower arch, was an enormous gallery extending

A mSTOEY OF THE PARISFI OP OVING.

201

into tlie cburch as far as the doors, hiding almost all
light, and cutting in half the tower windows, TTuder this
gallery the pews were coloured brown, and not only was
it exceedingly close and stuffy for people sitting there,
but there was barely light enough to read by, especially
on the south side, where the women sat; while the men
and young lads sat in tho gallery on most uncomfortable
benches without backs. A floor for ringers, through
which the gallery was reached, blocked up portions of
the windows in the tower; a grind organ hid the portion
of the tower arch above the gallery. This barrel organ
had not been used for many years, and was rusty
and decayed ; it was put up by Miss Woods in
1811, at a cost of moro than £100; it fetched £1 10s.
when it was taken down in 1881. A largo gill stove
stood directly in front of the font, the pipe of which
went out of the south window. The old altar slab, with
its five incised crosses, was discovered by me in the pave-
ment just under the tower arch. I had it removed into
the chancel and inserted in the pavement under the holy
table; thus after a lapse of 3S0 years it was replaced
almost hi situ, on the spot it had occupied for 330 years
previously. [All altars of stone were ordered to be re-
moved in the year 1550, " on account of superstitious
opinions of the Popish Mass." And although in the
short reign of Queen Mary the altars were re-established
where tbey could be found, yet in the injunctions of
Queen Elizabeth it was directed " that the holy table be
decently made and set up in the place where the altars
stood."] It may be mentioned that in the neighbouring
churches of Tangniere, Singleton, and Westdean, the old
altar stabs are inserted in the top of the tables, and in
the Lady Chapel of the Cathedral the original slab forms
the entire top of the altar table. Its dimensions were
not large, only 2ft. 9in. by 1ft. 9in. ; it might therefore
have belonged to a side altar or chapel; for it would
seem that there was once a chapel, though no remains
were found of any side altars in the transepts (whore
they would probably be) when the walla were lately
stripped. In a document dated 1445 (translation), J.

MXIV. 2 D

202 A HISTOEY OF THE PARISH OP OVING.

Frye, vicar, exhibited a deed of Hugh de Talmaco,
chanter, under the seal of Kanulph, bishop. " The
Vicarage is taxed in this way. All offerings of the altar,
as well of the Mother Church as of the chapel, and all
smaller tithes of the whole parish, and all the greater
and smaller tithes of all my demesne ; so says H. Talmaci.
Roger de Clare, precentor, 1292, gave to his chosen
valet, Bobert Scarlet, for his service and homage, a por-
tion of land called Edingham, in the parish of Oving, to
hold by hereditary right, by rendering to the said Pre-
centor and his successors annually a garland of roses
at the feast of the Nativity of S. John Baptist, &c.'*
(Dallaway). The will of Thomas Sandham, gentle-
man, of Colworth, in parish of Oving, 20th February,
1542. " I bequeath to maintaining the two standing
lights in the foresaid Parish Church of Oving, that is to
say, the rood light and the beam light in the quire before
the blessed Sacrament of the Altar, to either of them two
bushels of barley." ("Suss. Arch, Coll.,'* XII., 61.
Article on Dedication of Churches, by C. Gibbon,
Richmond Herald.) One of the names of the chancel
was Bema. It was a raised platform approached by
steps, separated from the nave by a railing called
Cancelli, hence chancel; in the midst was the altar.
The beam light was a light which either stood or swung
before the altar. His bequest purchased oil for lamps,
or new wax tapers, whichever was the form of light.
This Mr. Sandham, Firmarius, as he calls himself — the
irmarii were the ancestors of our country gentry — was
of the family now represented by General Sandham, of
Rowdell, Pulborough, and the Rev. J. M. Sandham,
Rector of Coldwaltham and Hardham, the former of
whom manifested bis connection with this parish by a
subscription to the late church restoration.]

The dedication of the Church is unknown, and likely
to remain so, as it baffled the researches of Mr. Gibbon,
Richmond Herald, in article mentioned above. Probably
it was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. I am rather led to
suggest this from the fact of the Cathedral having this
dedication, and this church and parish being for so many

A HISTOKT OF THE FAEISn OF OVING.

203

hundred years closely connected with the Mother Church ;
also the windows, being in threes, lead one to the same
conclusion ; moreover, the dedication is more likely to
be lost in the caao of a church not dedicated to an
individual saint. A silver coin, temp. Ed. I., was found
in the south transept during the restoration.
The dimensions of the Church are as follows : —

Length ...

Width

Length of Cliancol
Width

44rt. I Length of S. Transept... 15ft.
29rt. „ N, „ ... 18ft.

30ft. Width of both Uft.

17ft. I Tower 16ft. a<inare.

THE EEGISTERS.

The Registers begin in 1561. Some of the earliest
names recorded are those of Siindham, Barttelot, and
Peachey, — honoured Sussex families in this nineteenth
century; — also, Challon, Chatfiold, Elson, and Miller.
The following prayer, in the writing of T. Carr, Vicar,
will be found under date 1624: —

/||\ ^Irssrt ^rsti I toast us in pc ISibrc of tiis
IJ |J most prrtioug blooO ; Krgfnrratr *: sanrtifie
^-^ «a fij2 11)8 ?tiol2 Spirit jjl tor niaij (if unbrfilt^
mrmlicra of iT^ct ?c iSlorif^iti ^Kati follohiing tts
£>ic]]prs in holiness of Uft ic ^'-otiit) roiiUrcsation
tiU Cljou tinnge us all to tjjs aelfe m <6ioTi&cation.
Slmrn. ^mcn.

There is one curious entry showing how persons 200
years ago were as keen about their pows as persons
now-a-days. *' Contentio fuit de subsellio in Ecclesia
Parochial! de Ovinge, Anno Dom.. 1670, quod jure
pertiuet uxori vicaiii ejusdeni Piirochise; et vicesimo die
Junii, Anno 1671, Doctoris Eades et Olivecii Whitbio
EcclesiiB Cicestrensis Prasbendariorum Arbitrio adjudi-
catum fuit perpetno eidein usiii portinere. Subsellium
idem est quod ad doxtram udjungit choro." [ilonry
Eades, Precentor, 1 G'.I6, Oliver Whitby, Archdeacon,
1672,] In the year 1078 an Act of Parliament was
passed for all corpses to be buried in woollen ; accord-
ingly the Kegiaters from 1678 to 1G95 contain the

204 A raSTOBT OF THE PA&ISH OF OVING.

following entry: "The certificate of the affidavit of
AJB. and CJ). that the said E.F. was buried in woollen
only, and testified by Gr.H. one of His Majesty's Justices
of the Peace for the County of Sussex, was brought in
and Registered.*'

The Registers are almost a blank from 1654 to 1661 ;
the children of Alan Carr, son of the Yicar, and one
other child in each year, being the only registrations of
baptism. Few marriages are recorded ; and in the
burials there is a complete blank for the years 1655-
1657, while in 1654 and 1659 there is only one registered,
that in 1659 being Elizabeth Carr, wife of the Vicar.
A page at the end of the oldest Register Book has
" Collections to Briefes in ye Parish of Oving, from the
25th of March, 1670 :—

" Aprill ye 3rd. — Collected to ye Briefe for Foyant in ye County of
Wilts, granted for fire, One Shilling and Eightpence, John Drake, Vicar,
James Ayres, Churchwarden.

" Aprill ye 24th. — Collected to ye Briefe for Thetford in ye County of
Norfolk, granted for fire, Three Shillings and Sixpence, John Drake,
Vicar, Rob. Ameere Senior, Churchwarden.

" Collected May ye first to a Briefe for John Cooke, of Great
Bookeham in Surrey, Two Shillings and Five-pence, John Drake, Vicar,
Rob. Ameere Senior, Churchwarden.

167J

" Collected to ye Briefe of Neather Wallop in ye County of
Southampton, March ye Ist, Three Shillings.

«* Collected to ye Briefe of John Smallpiece, of Guildford in ye County
of Surrey, Tallow Chandler, wch. Richard Weston his Deputy gave me
a receipt for ApU. ye 27th, John Drake, Vicar, John Bridge and Richard
Poate, Churchwardens."

On the inside of the cover of one of the Register
Books is this notice : " The Gallery at the lower end of
the Church was built by the Voluntary Contributions of
the Vicar and other Inhabitants of the Parish of Oving,
for the conveniency of the Singers ' setting | together,
and the other Inhabitants having seat room, in the year
1737, James Ingram, Vicar ; The Vicar's contribution
was £2 2s Od. to the Gallery, and £1 Is. Od. towards
books and of learning to Sing."

At the end of the Register Books are notices of the
distribution of small legacies by the Vicar and Church-

I mo si

A HISTOBY OF THE PARISH OF OVISti. 205

wardens, left by differeut persons to the poor, evidently
payable for one life after the person's decease ; viz.,
Aylin^, in 1624; Chataeld, 1G27; Pope, 1633; Carr,
1673 (last payment of legacy mentioned) ; Nash, 1681;
Plat, 1752. Also receipts for "customary mortuaries,"
from 1683 to 1736, for persona " who died worth jG-W in
personal estate." There is a notice that the bounds of
this parish were trodden on Holy Thursday, 1 756, by
the minister, D. Walter, the church wardens, J. Guy and
J. Stocker, J. Fallick, clerk, W. Maot, loader of the
company, and other inhabitants named J. Cobden, J. Sait,
J. Lawrence, J. Leggatt, J. Long, H. WiMsheer, W.
Taylor, J. Page, F. Hall, J. Milliugton, J. Cobden, E.
Cobden — the last eight have the word junior added,
most probably they were boys.

THE BELLS.

he bells in the tower are four, and are placed within
the Bpire, supported by large timbers. The note of the
tenor bell is B flat. The inscriptions are: — '

1. Thomas G.. R,M., 1613.'

2. BrymmB Eldridge, me fecit, IG27,'

3. „ „ 1GS3.

4. Richard Gierke, Henry Neiriuan, Church waiiloiia. Gtement Toscar
' the jearo 1702.*

TABLETS.

Mural tablets in the chancel are erected to Edmund
Woods, Esq., of Shopwyke (ob. 1833) ; to the Rev. Daniel
Walter, Prebendary of the Cathedral and Impropriator and
Vicar of Oving (ob. 1781), vide pages 191 and 212; to the

a Q, OMl three

1 " Sum. Arch. Coll.," XVI.. p. 2ia

> Edmnnd Giin, boll foQadur at Unes, 1505— IGU. 1
bells prcvioui to E. Qi]o9' death, one al Mikyfield, 1^2; o „.

Booth Betstod, IIJU. Ho lived in ChiolioiitiT, and afterwards wont to Ijanci. In
thnt neiKhbODrhoad ue six bolla nith bra name or initials. He died aUasl 1638.
E. H.i perhapa the Cbnrub«Ardeii.

' Bcjui Bldridgc, bell ftmndor of Oiertsejr. Bicbainl wns (he founder ol the
family, hi* flrti bellis ilatwl 1593. BryKD (Doceeded hicn! prubablv tbore nero
tttu ot till* nAne. u IRIS is Nuliast aod 1601 lal«at, of the bclla wiUi iWt name.
Mors than ninety Witii bear EldridKe'a nuue. and fifty Bryan Eldndge't io Soasex
'{Ml ha died iu Iddl.

■ CUameot Totcor, bell toaiuler of Salisbury.

206 A HI?XaBT OF THE PABISH OF OYTSa.

Ber. Edvmrd Edwards,B€ctor of East Wittering for fifteen
yesrs, and Yicar of Oring for fourteen years (ob. 1800) ;
mud in tlie floor of the naTe is a large stone slab» with a
weD-cat inscription to Thomas Carr, Vicar of Oving for
fbrtr years, who deceased the 6th day of May, 1663, in
the seventy-third year of his age, and Elizabeth, his wife,
who died 17th September, 1659. He was therefore. Vicar
throogfaoot all the tronbloos times of the Commonwealth,
and appears never to have been displaced — a sort of Vicar
of Bray. In his lifetime, consequently, be had expe-*
rience of the Established Chnrch being Episcopalian, then
Presbyterian, then Episcopalian again. He saw the Book
of Common Prayer abolished and the Presbyterian Direc-
tory enforced by penalties, and he lived to see it restored
again, though his wife did not, as she died in the previous
year. On a very large stone now placed next the fore-
going, but previously by the chancel door, with the
inscription much obliterated, is an inscription to a very
wonderful child, who died at the early age of twelve (the
grandiloquent words remind one of that to the child's
grandmother, the wife of Bishop Alanningham, in the
floor of the Cathedral, near the gates on the north side of
the choir.) It runs thus: "To the memory of Daniel
Walter, son of Daniel Walter, Vicar of this Parish and
Prebendary of the Church of Chichester, and Mary his
wife, who departed this Ufe May 4th, 1765, aged twelve.
An early age and but of few days — few indeed, but happy.
Happy in everything that is most valuable in this life : —
the being blessed with the peculiar gift of heaven, an
excellent understanding, endowed and improved beyond
his years ; a most sweet and amiable temper; a perfect
innocence of life and a native purity of manners. These
virtues and most engaging qualities rendered him de-
servedly, when living, the object of . . . esteem and
love, . . ."

In the nave are mural tablets to the Rev. G. RoUo,
Vicar of Hartberry, and sometime Curate of Oving, his
wife and son, ob. 1805 ; to Rev. A. P. Birrell, the last
Incumbent; to Miss F. M. Pilkington, ob. 1858; and
three to the family of Davis; in north transept to

I or

A rilSTOHY OF THE rAKISH OF OFINC. 207

Siisaunali Green, ob. 1829; and in south transept to
Stephen Challen, ob. 1731.

THE CHURCHYARD.

The churchyard was finally closed by order o£ the

^ueen in Council, 2nd February, 1874. A piece of land

" on the opposite side of the road, belonging to Lord Zouch,

was presented liy him for a cemetery (the last piece of

the property he formerly had in the parish, originally

belonging to Bosgrove Priory, which he sold to the

Ecclesiastical Coinmiasiotiers) ; it consists of about hatf-

I an-acre, and was consecrated by the Lord Bishop of

H^^ichester, in March, 1872.

I ■

WINDOWS.
The chancel windows are filled with stained glass, as

memorials, and are the gifts of vanoua donors.

Tho east window contains three large figures repre*
senting Faith, Hope, and Charity. It was presented by
tho Kov. H. G. M'oods, of Shopwyke, in memory of his
uncle, the Rev. G. H. Woods, of Shopwyke, in this parish,
who died in 1879. Mr. AVoods was Vicar of West Dean
with Singleton from 1831 to 184'9, and Treasurer of the
Cathedral Church of Chichester from 1870 till his death.
The erection of All Saints' Church, Portfleld.as a memo-
rial to tho Rev. G. H. Langdon, formerly Vioar of Oving,
was in a great measure owing to his exertions. He was
for some years lessee of the great tithes of this parish.

The eastern wiudow on the south side was given by
the Rev. Mackenzie B. C. AValcott, Precentor of the
Cathedral Church of Chichester and Prebendary of
Oving (13(33—1880). Mr. Walcott, alas I did not live
to see it erected, as he died in December, 1880. It
represents S. Richard, Bishop of Chichester, 12io (about
the time this church was built). His name appears in
the Kalendar of our Prayer Book on April 3. He was
boru at Droitwich, in Worcestershire, iu 1197, heuce he
was designated De la Wyche ; his family name was de
Burford (or Chandos). He was a man of great piety and
learning ; and after his establishment in this see he

208 A HISTOBY OP THE PAIMSH OP OVING.

became eminent for his diffusive charity to the poor,
no less than for the zeal with which he preached to
the people, who flocked to him by thousands. He died
in 1258, and was canonized at the earnest solicitation of
Bishop Stephen de Bei^hestede (Bersted), 1262. The
subject of S. Richard was chosen by the late Precentor
to connect his stall in the Cathedral (Oving) with this
parish ; for (according to Dallaway's History) " When
the office of Precentor was established in the Cathedral
by Bishop Seffrid I.,* in 1120, he endowed it with the
Manor and demesnes of Oving, and with certain tithes
at that time paid to the See." The benefice (Vicarage)
was in the gift of the Precentor from 1220 until 1857,
when by the Act of Parliament passed in 1836 the patron-
age was vested in the Bishop of the Diocese ; the Manor
and Manor Fann, which formed the endowment of the
Precentorship, passing to the Ecclesiastical Commis-
sioners, who, as possessors of the great tithes (t.6., as
Rectors), restored the chancel, 1880.

The centre window represents S. Anna, or Anne,
Mother of the Blessed Virgin, and is in memory of
Major and Mrs. Pipon, who are buried in a vault in the
churchyard. S. Anne was chosen, as Mrs. Pipon's
Christian name was Anne. S. Anne is commemorated
by the Church of England on July 26.

The Great Apostle of the Gentiles, S. Paul, is repre-
sented in the window nearest the chancel arch. He is
shown holding the emblem of martrydom — ^a sword. It
is the gift of the widow and son of the late Vicar, the
Rev. A. P. Birrell (1851—1879). Mr. Birrell was the
last Vicar presented to the living by the Precentor.

The window opposite is erected by the widow of the
late Rev. Gilbert Henry Langdon to his memory. Mr.
Langdon was Vicar from 1838 to 1851, and Prebendary
of Hurst in the Cathedral Church. During his incum-
bency the church and chancel were restored (in 1840)
and the present Vicarage-house was built ; the school-
house and almshouses were also erected by Miss Woods,
the lessee of the great tithes. The subject of the

' See ante, page 187.

A niSTOEY OP THE TAniSH OP OVINO. 209

trmclow is Gilbert de Sancto Leofardo, Bishop of
Chichester, 1288—1304. He built the Lady Chapel of
the Cathedral, and gave lands in this parish for the
endowment of the- Precentorship. He was a man of
singular piety, and appropriately commemorates his
namesake, Gilbert Langdon, who was considered by all
who knew him a pattern parish priest- It is said of
Bishop Gilbert by one of his contemporaries, that he was
" a father to tho fatherless — a comforter of the mourn-
ing widows — a pious and humble visitor to the sick and
bedrid in cottages, and was more bountiful to refresh
the poor than entertain the rich." Bishop Gilbert was
not canonized owing to the fact of Bishop Richard de la
Wych having so lately had that honour conferred upon
hira.

The middle window of this north side was erected by
the late Dr. McCarogher, of Chichester, in memory of
his wife, n^e Ommanney, who is buried in a vault in the
churchyard. It represents Dorcas, of whom we read in
Acts ix., and is intended to be emblematical of the
charitable deeds and acts of kindness for which the late
Mrs, McCarogher was distinguished. These two windows
overlook the graves of the persons to whose memory
they are erected.

The eastern window represents S. Wilfrid, the Apostle
of the South Saxons. He landed at Selsey, a.d. 680,
having been exiled from York, and established a Bishop-
ric there, which was moved to Chichester in 1076, when
all sees were removed from villages to populous towns.
S. Wilfrid is depicted holding a pagan idol. This window
is the gift of the present Vicar, who was collated to the
benefice by the patron, the Lord Bishop of Chichester,
OD S. James's Day, 1879.

One of the windows in the north transept has been
filled with stained glass in memory of tho late Joseph
McCarogher, M.D., who died November, 1881, aged 93,
by his eon, the Bev. J. 0. McCarogher, Rector of Nut-
hurst and Prebendary of Bury.

" In the year 1840 a new service of Communion plate,
consisting of a flagon, chalice, paten, and alms plate, was

xxxiv. 2 E

210 A HIBTOET OF THE PAKIBH OF OVINQ.

presented by Mrs. Pilkington, of Shopwyke, relict of
the late Rev. Charles Pilkington, Canon Residentiary of
the Cathedral Church of Chichester, on which occasion
the old chalice and paten having become useless, were
sold for £4 17s. 7d. At the same time a folio Bible and
Common Prayer Book, handsomely bound, were pre-
sented by Harriett Elizabeth Dixon (relict of the late
Captain Q. F. Dizon, R.N.), Frances Mary Pilkington,
and George Pilkington, daughters and son of the above.
Two altar services, corresponding with the Bible and
Prayer Book, were presented by Miss Emma Williams,
of Shopwyke, sister of Mrs. Pilkington." (The above
is in Mr. Langdon's handwriting on inside cover of one
of the Register Books).

The only charitable bequests known to the Charity
Commissioners are those of Stephen Challen and
Susannah Green ; both for educational purposes. By
the will of Stephen Challen of Shopwick, yeoman,
dated in 1730, one moiety of the rent of two houses in
Savory Lane (now called Little London), in the parish
of S. Andrew, Chichester, repairs, rates and taxes, &c.
being deducted, is payable to Vicar and Churchwardens
of Oving, for educational purposes; the other moiety to
Cocking. The premises constituting the endowment
were sold under the authority of the Charity Commis-
sion io November, 1867, and the proceeds invested in
consols in the name of the Charity Commissioners ; the
Oving moiety, with balance of £12 in hands of their
trustees, being £144 7s. 6d., producing per annum
£4 6s. 7d. This is received by the Vicar through the
London and County Bank, Chichester (£2 per annum
■was paid for many years to a schoolmaster for teaching
four children). Mrs. Susannah Green, by will dated
December, 1827, left £2,000 to trustees bo be invested
and the dividends to be applied for ever to the main-
tenance of three poor widows oE Ovitii^; a mural tablet
to this effect is ou the wall o£j,he liorth tgansept. How-

HISTORY OF THE PAUISH OP OVING.

211

ever, the next of kin filed a bill in Chancery, and suc-
cessfully disputed the bequest ; and by an order of Vice-
Chancellor Knight Bruce, dated 1849 (in the case of
Comber v. Sadler and others), they were to sell £2,156
bank 3-per-cent. annuities, and out of the money to arise
by the sale, to pay £188 to the Accountant General of
the Court of Chancery, to be by him invested in 3-per-
cent, annuities, and the dividends from time to time to
be paid by him to the Vicar of Oving for the benefit of
the National School of the parish. It appears that the
stock was eold out and the money (£188) paid into
Messrs. Gruggen and Coraper's Bank, where it remained
unproductive till 1855, when the sum of £211 10s. 8d.
was invested in 3-per-cent. consols, producing £G 63, lid.
interest. This is payable by power of attorney through
the above bank to the Vicar.

There are six Almshouses, built by Miss Woods in
1839, which now belong to Rev. H. G. Woods. It
appears there were some almshouses belonging to the
parish, but an arrangement was come to with Miss
Woods, by which, in return for the land on which they
were built, she agreed to build these six handsome and
convenient almshouses on the site they now occupy.
She bequeathed £3,106 consols for educational purposes
and £2,950 consols for the almshouses, but by a decree
of the Master of the Rolls in 1852, the said charitable
legacies were declared to have failed under the provisions
of the Statutes of Mortmain.

THE SCHOOLS.

The schools were built by Miss Woods and opened in
1839, and were entirely supported by her and her heirs,
at an expense of £130 per annum, until 1879; when,
upon the Rev. H. G. Woods succeeding to the Shopwyke
Estate, the school buildings were made over to the Vicar
and Churchwardens. The schools (mixed) are now
supported by voluntary contributions.

Two small tenements belonging to the pariah, situate
\ Portfleld, were sold in 1883.

212

A HI8T0ET OP THE PARISH OP OVING.

INCUMBENTS OF OYING.
(Patron, The Precentor.)

John Eede

1612.

1398.

Walter Staneway

1623.

1404.

William Stoke

1663.

John Churchylle

1667.

1444.

John Whiting

1682.

1445.

John Frye

1720.

Anthony Gierke

1746.

1515.

Ralph Tilney

1781.

1528.

William Crobse

1786.

1532.

Thomas Downe

1810.

1554.

Richard Bowtute

1814.

William Hawkins*

1826.

1570.

John Martisse

1827.

William Loder*

1889.

1599.

Raphael Widdowson*

1851.

1609.

Edward Martin

John Hullwood*
Thomas Carr*
Samuel Hill*
John Drake*
John Woodyer*
James Ingram

Daniel Walter* (son of Patron)
Miles Williams
Edward Edwards*
Thomas Woodroffe
T. GahbitUs
R. G. Curtois

T. A. HoUandf (son of Patron)
G. H. Langdon*
A. P. Birrell* (son-in-law of
Patron)

(Patron, The Bishop.)
1879. Henry Mahony Dayey

* Buried at Oving.

t The present Rector of PoynizigB.

PEECENTOES.

(LORDS OF THE MANOE AND PATEONS
THE BENEFICE OF OVING.)

1120. Karlo
1145. Henry
1147. Robert
1185. Lewis

Hngo de Talmaco
1216, William de Lewknor
1219. Ernisins de Tywa
1271. Richard de Clifford
1288. Bogo
1292. Roger de Clare
1805. John de S. Leofardo
1321. Gailhardus de Mot
1378. Robert de Derby
1897. Richard Conrtenay
1407. Nicholas Rees
1407. William Rede
1441. John Blonnham
1478. John Wyne

1485. Richard Aspynholgh
1502. Henry Hoten
1520. WiUiam Horsey

1542, George Wynd

1543. Cuthbert Opley
1547. Thomas Day
1579. John Becon
1587. Henry Ball

1596. Thomas Willonghby
1603. John Mattock
1613. Thomas Muriat
1660. Joseph Henshaw
1663. Joseph Galston
1669. Nathaniel Crewe
1671. George Stradling
1688. Robert Jenkin
1690. John Patrick
1696. Henry Edes

A HI8T0EV np THE PARISH OP OVINO.

213

1^03. Edmnnd Gibson
1707. Heiiiy Gray
1719. Dnniel Walter
17G1. Tliomas Herring
17 — . Charles Ashburnham
1801, ThoDiae Ferris.
1601. Moeoa Toghill

1820. Sftmuel Holland, M.D., at
nboEe death the EcclcEias-
ticat Com miaei oners hecatae
Lords of the Manor, and
the Bishop, Patron of the
Benefice.

PRECENTORS (HONORARY).

1859. George Croke Bowden, D.C.L.
18S2. Mackenzie K. C. Walcott, B.D.
1882. Thomas Francis Crosse, D.C.L.

NAMES OCCDRRING IN THE PARISH REGISTERS
PRtJM THEIR COMMENCEMENT 15(il TO ItiOO,
SOME OF WHICH STILL EXIST IN THE DISTRICT.

Anieere, Abnrrow, Aldorton, Auiuii, Anthony, Adeane, Awood,
Ameil, Addams.

Bowlby, Beard. Betto or Bet, Burridge or Biirge, Bartelot or Bartlct
or Bnrtly, Bery, Bower, Brown, Beofo, Btirt, Bradford, Bartholomew,
Barnes, Brand, Busted, Brittainc or Britt«n, Bowbrooke, Bark^heere,
Brode, Battayle, Borrelt, Borden, Blaker, BreaUham or Breddam,
Bnrrcll, Bear, Barro, Beman, Ballanl.

Coole, Coode, Croft, Chailen, C'leere, Cranly, Clew, Cartcsse, Cooke,
Cheeseman, Crowe, Coles, Chamber, Carpenter, Clark, Carter, Cotterill,
Chatfield.

Downer, Davy, Dyggons, Doommiiig or Doming, Dosset, Dashe,
Darid, Deaiie, Dennis, Dorm an, Doughty . Dixon, Day, Day kin,
Dubbcrley or Duberl^, Uonnaway.

Engliiibe, Eyres, Ewenes, Elmoore or Earlmore, Emmond.

Ffawfceaor, Ffoater, Ffrende, Ffnssard, Fogden, Felder. Ffry, Pflint,
Ffletcher, Ffysher, Ffarle, Fflusher, Faggater, Fiote, Ffayrebeamhe
(FairbauTi ?), Ffreelaiid, Ffowler.

Golding. Guy, Goble, GiUingham, Grey, Gawen, Gayllam, Goddard,

Horscroft, Hamblyn, Higgens, Haddon, Hone, Hoskin, Hooker,
Hibden or Hibherdeu, Hayward, Hopkin, Hedger, Harryson, Head,
Hayle, Hardingo, Horsbridge, Harrode, Hawkings, Hasier, Hjukin,
Hyndgson.

Jacques or Jakes, Joyner, Irishe, Jupc, Jotinapper, James, Johnson,
JacBon.

Knight, Ki^uip, Kluge.

Linne, Limburg, Lee, Leger, Lonfe, Longe, Lamherd, Lcggat,
Lennard, Lidderku, Lnttard, Lege, Lilliat or Leliot.

Mills, Millard, Man or Manne, Marshall, Merificld, Marche, Muthcw,
Mu-tyn, Morley, Mayle, Michell, Morinc, Makerell or Makrill,
" Napper, Naporaft, Nichobon.

214 A HISTORY OF THE PARISH OF OVING.

Oliver.

Poate, Pringett, Pettyt, Peters, Pigate, Pattricke, Pott, Peachye or
Pechie or Pech^ Pamer, Pynner, Petty, Pococke.

Richmond^ Bandall, Rose, Rolfe, Ryman, Rowland, Rodes, Rygate,
Rushman, Ryder, Reynolds, Rasell, Rowman.

Sparrell, Sandham or Sandam, Sturt, Smith, Sqnier, Shorter,
Scarvill or Scardifield or Scarterfield, Silvester, Sharrlocke, Stanford,
Bucket, Strethen, Soommer, Symon, Sacher (7), Salter, Stronge, Sparkes,
Shory, Searinge, Stnbbs, Scott, Sheppard or Shepherd, Smart, Steyens.

Taylor, Tyre, Tylly, Tosse, Triggs, Tyrrell, Todgoose, Tomkins,
Turkett, Todman.

Volden, Voler or Voller.

Ward, Wheatman or Whatman, Westmille, Wasse, Wyat, Wyse,
Wheeler, Wilkinson, Wheatlow, Woods, Wilson, Wyllard, Waterman,
Walter, Whatly, Wynne.

■ ACCOUNT OF THE DISOOVEET OF ROMAN
REMAINS ON THE EAST CHESSWOOD ESTATE,
WORTHING, 1881/

Bt ALESANDBK JAMES FENTON, Esq.

Ik the spring of 1881 workmen were engaged in trench-
ing the ground of Mr. Robert Viper on the East Chesa-
wood Estate, Worthing, then occupied by Messrs. Webster
and Co. as part of their nurseries. At a distance of
about two or three feet below the surface they met
with a number of urns and other pieces of Roman
pottery. The pieces first found by the men, they stated,
were very soft, and broke to bits, and they took no
further notice of them than to break them smaller and
dig them in again. In this way there is no doubt many
pieces of ware of different sorts were destroyed, and the
havoc was not stopped till Mr. Piper one morning
noticed the ground strewed about with the small frag-
ments of urns and parts of the other destroyed vessels.
He called the attention of the men to these pieces, and
then learnt what bad taken place. The vessel No. 11,
to be subsequently mentioned, was then handed him, and
the Samian bowl No. 20 and the vessels Nos. 8 and 12
were afterwards recovered from a workman who had
taken them home. It was also ascertained that a short
time previously other pottery had been dug up, broken,
and buried again a few feet southward of Messrs.
Webster's nurseries when a trench was being made for
laying down drains.

After this tlie men's operations were watched, and
they were enjoined to be careful. The result was that
the other pieces of pottery described in this account

' i.aolB of ihia diitxiverj appenrcd la Vol. XXXII, of the Society's "Colleo-

216 Jk¥ Acconrr of the disootkbt op boman bemaiks

were foand and preserved. Thej consist of urns con-
taining calcined haman bones, Samian bowls, and other
ware, all of Roman date. Only one coin was found. It
wa9 of brass, bot so decayed that no trace of any in-
scription or figure coold be seen.

RAILWAY

TO mtUCKTOM

jaSff^j^^^aaaM'aft'SocooaK

s»v»:«»»»>x*:<

UMmmJLrek OOOFmm^

CHE8SW00D ROAD

r#r^^ ^^rtmi

The accompanying plan shows, by the double line of
crosses, the spot where the pottery was found. It seems
to run in a line from north-west to south-east, pointing
towards Cissbury on the north-west and south-east to-
wards a spot in the Forty Acres Field, where Mr. E. C.
Patching, some few years ago, discovered an urn con-
taining bronze celts.* From the number of urns found it
appears certain that the place was used as a burial
ground during the time of the Roman occupation of the
country, and from the known fact that the Romans
made their burial places beside their roads, it is very
probable that a Roman road existed hereabouts, perhaps

' No account was, I believe, ever published of this find. Hr. E. C. Patching
hat flvo of the oeltt, and also the mass of metal the residunm at the bottom of the
TeHiel frequently found on such occasions. These and two or three more are all
I have been able to trace of about 40 celts which I have heard were found in the
urn. The colts 1 have seen are some of them solid and some hollow, and similar
to thoio figured in Wright's "Celt, Roman and Saxon" (Nos. 1, 2 and 8). Another
of the oelta ii •omewbat similar to No. 4. They had evidently been cast in moolda.

OS TnE KART CHESSWOOD ESTATE, WOBTHI.NC.

217

leading towards Ciasbury Camp, which seems to have
been occupied not oulj by the Romans, but by the
Britons before them, and most Ukely by the Saxons
after wan3s.

The present, however, is not the first discovery of
Roman remains at Wortln'ng. It is recorded that coins
of Diocletian and ConstaDtioo were found in 1826-8
when the foundations for Park Crescent were made.
Park Crescent is somewhat less than a mile in a straight
line westwards from the East Cbesswood Estate, and
about the same distance from the sea. Funeral vessels
are also stated to have been disinterred in making the
shallow cuttings for the railway a little to the west of
Ham Bridge. The railway, it will be seen from the plan,
is immediately north of Messrs. Webster's nurseries,
which are not far westward of Hara Bridge, and there
can hardly be a doubt that the railway cut through the
same line of remains as the pottery described in this
account was found in. This tends to show the number
of interments that took place here, and very probably
further explorations ou the Manor lands norLh of the
railway would bring more remains to light.

Several urns and skeletons of Roman date were found
at Cissbury about 10 or 12 years ago.

The urns now preserved in a more or less perfect state
are five in number. Besides these, however, there are
numerous pieces of riras, feet, and parts of other urns
which were broken by the workmen in getting them up.
The pottery was in a very soft state when first found ; the
subsequent exposure to the air seems to have hardened
it. All the urns found contained calcined human bones
in very small pieces, and earth. The earth was the ciay
soil of the spot, and had doubtless worked gradually into
the urns during the many centuries they have been
buried there. Nothing in the shape of a cist or other
protection was found. The urns appear to have been
simply interred in theground about 2ft. 6in. or 3ft. below
the present surface, and the other pottery was found
some of it close to one or other of the urns, and the rest
of the pieces by themselves.

sxxxv. 2 F

218 AK ACCOUNT OP THE DISCOVERY OF EOMAN BEMAINS

No. 1. — A funeral um of light grey coloured ware,
omamented with five indented lines running round the
circumference, two just under the rim, and the other
three lower down. This urn was broken into nearly forty
pieces, but has been put together with "coaguline,
which has been used for mending all the broken pottery.
It answered very well with all except the urns which
could only be held together permanently by glueing the
inside, and then lining them with thin muslin.

No. 2. — ^A funeral um similar to No. 1.

No. 3. — The rim and foot of a funeral urn of a much
lighter grey colour than Nos. 2 and 4, and of a thicker
and rougher ware.

No. 4. — A funeral urn of light grey coloured ware,
omamented with two indented lines round the circum-
ference at some distance apart. Height, 6 inches;
greatest diameter, 7f inches. This urn contained at the
top some small pieces of black ware a quarter of an inch
thick, ornamented with intersecting circular lines.

No. 5. — A funeral urn without any ornamentation;
height, 6f inches ; greatest diameter, 8^ inches. This
um was found with the bowl of Samian ware (No. 22)
inverted over its mouth, and the small bowl No. 17
was inverted over the foot of No. 22.

No. 6. — A funeral urn of a dark brown (almost black)
ware. There are traces of a pattern formed by diagonal
lines in the broadest part. Height, 8^ inches ; greatest
diameter, 6^ inches.

No. 7. — A small portion of the lower part of a vessel,
probably a funeral urn, and similar in shape to the foot
of No. 6. It is of red ware, apparently Samian. The
surface is rough, and similar to Samian ware which has
lost its glaze. All the urns except No. 6 show the marks
of the lathe inside.

No. 8. — The lower part of a vessel of a pale Indian
yellow coloured ware, glazed red (Indian red) inside and
black outside; the outside glaze has worn away from
the prominent ornamental parts. Height, 3^ inches;
greatest diameter, 3 inches.

No. 9. — ^A Pocula of similar ware to the last, but
glazed black inside as well as out. The vessel is not

-A

■

i ■

: I

i coi(

ON THE EAST CTIESSWOOD ESTATE, WOBTHINO. 219

quite perfect, tlie outside glazing ia partly worn away,
but where perfect it still retains its polish. Height, 5
inches ; greatest diameter, 2^ inches.

No. 10. — A small part of a Poeula similar to the last.

No. 11. — A Poeula somewhat similar in shape to the
last two, but larger and of a thicker and coarser ware,
without any polish. The surfaces of the ware are red,
the middle part of its thickness being slaty grey. It is
glazed black inside and out. Height, 5^ iacbes;
greatest diameter, 2f inches.

No. 12. — A vessel somewhat similar to the last, but
smaller and thinner, and of a deeper black. It is not
broken, and the colour of the ware beneath the glaze
cannot be seen. Both this and the last are very hard.
Height, 3^ inches ; greatest diameter, 2} inches.

No. 13. — A vessel of soft Indian yellow coloured ware,
unglazed. Height, 5| in.; greatest diameter, 4^ in.

No. 14. — Part of a vesscd of similar ware and colour to
the last. It baa apparently had n handle. Height, 3^
inches; gi'eatest diameter, 'A^ inches.

No. 15. — The mouth and part of the handle of a vessel
of similar ware and colour to the last. Height, 2 inches.

No. 16. — The shoulders and neck of a vessel of grey-
coloured coarse ware. Height, If in.; length, 2§ in.

No. 17. — A small bowl of hard yellowish red ware.

eight, 1} inches ; diameter, 3 inches.

No. 18 — Is apparently a piece of wedgwood ware that
has in some way got among the collection. Probably it
was found near the surface.

No. 19. — The side of a vessel of hard grey ware,
glazed black. Height, 2^ inches.

No. 20. — A bowl or Patera of Samian ware in almost
perfect preservation, with the potter's mark (seaeeim)'
stamped in the centre inside. The V is upside down.
The glaze still shines. Height, 1^ inches.

No. 21. — A bowl of Samian ware siipilar in size and
shape to the last, but not in such good preservation.
The potter's mark is illegible.

No. 22. — A bowl of Samian ware in very good preser-

220 THE DISCOVEBT OF BOMAN BEMAINS AT W0BTHIN6.

yatioQ. There is no potter's mark. Height, 2 inches ;
diameter, 8 inches. This bowl has the conventional ivy
leaf pattern round the rim.

No. 23. — A bowl of Samian ware similar in size and
shape to the last.

No. 24. — ^A bowl of Samian ware without ornamenta-
tion or potter 8 mark. Height, 2^ in. ; diameter, 7f in.
No. 25. — A bowl of Samian ware similar to but
smaller than No. 24. Height, 2 in. ; diameter, 7 in.

No. 26. — A bowl of Samian ware. Height, 2 J inches;
diameter, 7 inches.
No. 27. — A bowl of Samian ware similar to No. 26.
No. 28.— A bowl of Samian ware without ornamenta-
tion, in a most perfect state of preservation. Height,
1^ inches ; diameter, 7 inches.

Besides the foregoing, there were many fragments and
the following pieces found : —

A large bowl of Samian ware, the only ornamentation
of which was a series of wavy lines near the centre,
from which they radiate. It is lOJ inches broad and
2^ inches high. The glaze is gone. One of the urns
was found standing in this bowl.

A bowl of yellow ware, about 6 inches in diameter
and 1^ inches high, which has been glazed red in imita-
tion of Samian ware. It has a small flat handle.

There are also some fragments of black ware. They
are parts of pateraa, about the size and shape of our
ordinary flower-pot saucers.

All these pieces of pottery are now preserved by Mr.
Bobt. Piper, at his office, at the Ladydell Nurseries, and
he will be pleased to show them to any Member of the
Society.

The discovery of this pottery adds another instance to
to the list of Records of the Roman occupation of this
part of the South Coast. The remains found at
Chichester, Bignor, Cissbury, and on the Downs behind
Lancing are well known to Sussex archaeologists.
Whether there is any record of remains of Roman times
found on Chanctonbury I know not, but a year or two
ago I found there fragments of moulded Rnrnan bricks,
Samian and other ware, and some tess

msdlPTIONS IN THE CHUECHYAED OF
WnXINGDON, CO. SUSSEX.

Tbanscbibed in Mat, 1884,
By ALFRED BIDLEY BAX, Esq.,

Honorwry Local Secretary for Streatham, Surrey Arohckeologieal Society,

(COMMENCIKO NOBTH-WEST SiDE OF GhURCHTARD.)

Railed Tomh^ flat stone.

In memory of the Reyd Henry James Vicar of this Parish who was
killed hy a fall from the cliff at Beachy Head May 22nd 1850 Aged
87 years

HeadatoneB.

In Memory of John King who departed this life Noyember the 12
1740 aged {rest sunk)

To the Memory of Catherine wife of Michael Golding who died
Jan'^ 2l8t 1850 Aged 80 years Also of Michael Golding who died
Jan'y 27 1867 Aged 87 years

To the Memory of Ada Fanny daughter of Henry and Mary Maria
Stapley of this Parish who died April 16th 1853 Aged 10 weeks

Also of Thomas Kirby their eldest son who died August 26th 1854
Aged 22 years

He that belieyeth in me though he were dead yet shall he liye. John
zi 25

Here lyeth the body of Dayid Bachelor who Died Noyember y* 26 (?)
1728 (?) hee was about (?) 63 (?) years of age

In Memory of John Marwick who departed this life Jane 21| 1842
Aged 77 years

The sun shall be no more thy light by day neither for brightness shall
the moon giye light unto thee but the Lord shall be unto thee an eyer-
lasting light, and thy God thy glory Isaiah 60 chap 19 yerse

In Memory of William Erredge of this Parish who died December
y* 6y 1743 Aged 63 years

222 INBCEIPTIONS IK THE CHtmCHTABD OP WILWNGDON.

Here Ijeth Interr'd the bod/ of George Erredge wh — departed this
Life J* 12th of August 1712 Aged 76 years {Much broken at edge.)

Also near this Place Ijeth interr'd the Bod— of Ann the wife of
George Erredga wh — departed this life ( — ) of January 17 J4 (?) A^ed
68 jears (Atuch broken at edge.)

Here Lieth the Body of Elizabeth Erredge the Wife of Richard
Erredge who Departed this Life March the — {reit aunk)

8acred to the memory of Mr. John Pratt Linen Draper of WoIvot-
hampten Btafibrd shire and Native of Eastbourne The skill of the most
eminent PbysiciaQS in London and various other places proving of no
avail he tried change of air as a last resource and departed this life at
Beaford May 20th 1841 Aged S5 years This stone is erected by his
Widovr and Bon as a tribnte to his virtues as a Husband and Father

In Memory of Ann the wife of Bobert Durrant who departed tliis life
2nd October 1836 Aged 35 years

How sweet when we can from fntority borrow
A balm for the grief that afflicts us to day
Rail.

Bacred to the memory of Sarah Ticehurst the Wife of William Tice-
hnrst who Departed this Life May 2nd 1841 Aged 81 years

This iDscription ia written over another, which makes
it difficult to decipher.

Back of Head-rail.
In Memory of William Ticelinrst who Departed this Life (reif
obliterated) Aged 70 yesra

Headstones,
In Memory of Charles Pendrell who departed this Life April 22nd
1827 Aged 65 years In life much respected and in death much

Also near this place lies the Remains of Mary the wife of Charles
Pendrell who departed this life March 15th 1831 Aged 73 years

To the Memory of Mary Gammon the wife of Samuel Gammon who
departed this life April 12tb 1848 Aged 49 years. Also of Samuel
JB" Gammon (son of the above) who died at Balaklava December 18th
1854 Aged 30 years

Id Memory of Bichard Willard who departed this life May 14th 1839
in the 76tb year of his age — Vixit amatus mortuus ploratnr Also of
Bnth wife of the above who departed thie life October 4th 1847 Aged
75 years Also of Frances Buth Ftinnell daughter of the above who
departed this life September 16th 1844 in the 29lh year of her age
Also of Jane and Ann Willard their Granddaughters who died in their
infancy

Here Uelh the Body of Eilward l-'oor'' who died j'^ llth of June 1730
Aged 22 years [IntcripHon in panelled Jru '

INSCRIPTIONS IN THE OHUBCHYABD OF WILLINODON. 223

Here is interred the Body of John Fry who departed this Life y* II
of Jane 1722 Aged 40 years

Flaty Railed Tomb.

Sacred to the Memory of Maria Cooper who died Noyember 20th
1842 Aged 20 years

Also of Oeorge Patland Cooper who was drowned on his passage
home from China February 2nd 1842 Aged 25 years

Ueadatonea.

In Memory of John Machin who departed this life March y« 27th
1781 Aged 72 years Also Mary his wife who departed this Life
September y« 18th 1784 Aged 80 years Left issne two daughters,
Jane and Mary.

Here Licth the body of Eatherne the Wife of Samuel Washer — who
was buried July the 7th (?) 1703.

In Memory of John Elphick, who was suddenly called to leave this

world June 29th 1857 Aged 62 years.

There is but a step between me and death 1 Sam xx, 3

Watch therefore for ye know neither the day nor the hour wherein

the Son of Man cometh Matt. xxy. 13

Also Jane wife of the aboye who departed this life May 8th 1864
Aged 66 years.

For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made aliye
1 Corinthians xv.

Six Headstones {five in a row by the path to South Porch of the Church).

Sacred to the Memory of Henry Allwork who died March 20th 1823
Aged 41 years Also of Eliza daughter of Henry and Sophia Allwork
who died November 22nd 1820 Aged 8 years

Sacred to the Memory of Charles Allwork who died October 13th
1831 Aged 83 years Also of Anna Maria daughter of Charles and
Sarah Allwork who died M^rch 13th, 1882 Aged 1 year

To the Memory of Mary wife of John Allwork who died September
17th 1824 Aged 71 years

In Memory of John Allwork who departed this life June 12th 1831
Aged 79 years

In Memory of Lucy wife of John Allwork who died March 22nd
1788 Aged 59 years

In Memory of John Allwork Sen' who Departed this Life March 27th
1811 Aged 87 years.

BeturniDg to nortb-west side, the nearest tomb is
that of the Revd. Henry James.

High Tomb {on the North Side,)

In Memory of Eichard Chase who departed this life 27th January
1814 Aged 73 years

224 rasoBiPTioNS ih the ohvbchtabd of willihodon.

(On Ike South Side.)

In Memoir of U&rj the daughter of Richard and Mary Chase who
departed this life February 20th 1882 Aged 42 jrears
Headi tones.

In Memory of Thomae Chaee late of This Pariih (sic) Who departed
this life 22nd June 1779 Aged 74 jears Also Ann His Wife who
departed this . . . {rest eunt)

Here lieth Interr'd the Bodj of Thomas Chase who Departed this
Life September the 13th 1708 Aged 35 yean

Also Here Lieth Ann the Wife of Thomas Cbaae who Departed thia
Life February the 9th 1720 Aged 45 years

Here lies the body of Elizabeth Chase daagbter of ThcMuas and
Ann (?) (reet rani). (Fisry much weathered.)

To the Memory of Edward Rippington who departed this Life 14tb
December 1809 Aged 61 years Also of Ann hU Wife who departed
this Life 23rd January 1829 Aged 74 years (/n Jront of fortgoing,
very greatly obliterated.')

In Memory of William Rippington He died December 22nd 1785
Aged 87 (?) years And Jane his wife She died March gth 1773 Aged
1% (7) years

In Memory of John Rippington who died 30th June 1822 Aged SO
years Aleo of Mary his Wife who died 29th March 1817 Aged 24
years Likewise William their Son who died April 13th 1836 Aged 19
years

. In Memory of Elizabeth Ann daagbter of Edw' and Eliz''^ Ripping-
ton who died 6th January 1836 Aged 33 years Also of Elizabeth
the Wife of Edward Rippington who died August 10th 1841 Aged 59
years Also of Edward Rippington who died November 29th 1849
Aged 67 yean

North Side.— Rail.

In Memory of William Woodruff who departed this life , . . Aged
40 years

Passengers pray cast an eye, as yon are now bo once was I As I am
now so must you be, Therefore prepare to follow me
Headstonee.

Sacred To the Memory of Thomas Stokes who departed this Life Jnne
24th 1832 Aged 34 years

In Memory of Judith Roffin . . .

In Memory of Mary Bodle Pankhurst the wife of Richard Pankhurst
of Wartlirg in Sussex who departed this Life 27th day of June 1793
Aged 59 years Also near this place lies the Remains of John the son
of Richard and Mary Bodle Pankhurst who died 13lh November 1777
Ageii 9n weeks (^Urn above.)

Sacred To the Memory of Rich&r^|ukhnrst who die^Jfl^^pril
""' Aged 84 jeara

INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHUECHYABD OP WILLINGDON. 225

To the Memory of Abraham Kennctt who departed this life June 10th
1822 Aged 74 years (Four lines of poetry.)

In Memory of Thomas Terry Wheelwright who departed this life 15th
of December 1858 Aged 79 years Also Elizabeth his wife who de-
parted this life 4th of June 1858 Aged 75 years

And when they had nothing to pay, he frankly forgave them both.
Luke yii. 42

Flat Stone.

To the Memory of Mr John Smith late of . . • who died . . . Not.
1799 Aged 79 (?) years

Headstones.

Sacred To the Memory of Joseph Seymour who departed this life
September 19th 1845 Aged 69 years Also of Phoeby Seymour who
departed this life August 9th 1853 Aged 78 years

In Memory of Ann Dempster who departed this Life September 18th
1828 Aged 14 Weeks

Flat Stones.

Here lies Interred the Body of John . . . who Departed this life
August ... in the . . . year

In Memory of Mary late wife of John Denman who departed this life
December the 10 {lines obliterated) Also ... of John and Mary Denman

Headstone.

In Memory of Henry Denman who died January 12th 1827 Aged
64 years Also of Elizabeth Denman who died March 28th 1840 Aged
62 years Also of Ann Denman who died August 12th 1844 Aged 67
years Also of Edward Denman who died April 20th 1860 Aged 81 years

Flat Stone.

Sacred to the Memory of . . . Denman wife (?) of William Denman
. . . Also of H . . . Denman ybungest daughter of the abo?e
William and Ann Denman who died November 26th 1811 Aged . . •
years

Headstones.

Here lyeth the Body of Mr William Stretton who departed this life
. . . 1711 Aged 6 J years

Also Elizabeth Stretton (sic) his wife who departed this life May
y« 11 1750 (?) Aged 51 years Also Samuel (?) Stretton Junior who died
y* 26th of June 1750 Aged . . . years Also Samuel Stretton Senior
who died 9 of July 1770 Aged 6 J years Also Sarah the wife of Samuel
Stretton Senior who died 23 of December . . .

Here Also lieth y® Body of Jenney wife of Charles Stretton who died
February 22nd 1765 Aged 57 years {CheruVshead and trumpet above,
near to Manse.)

In Memory of Mr William Smith late of this Parish who departed
this life October 18th 178 . . . Aged 27 years (two lines follow in-
decipherable). {Cherub's head above.)

XXXIY. 2 G

226 INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHUECHYAED OF WILLINGDON.

In Memory of Edward Smith late of this Parish who • . •

Near this Place lieth the Body of Mrs Elizabeth Smith the wife of
Edward Smith late of this Parish she died April the 6th 1797 (?) Aged
• • , years

In In

Memory of Memory of

Jonathan Son Sarah

of John . . . Sar ... ...

Smith who died . . .

To the Memory of Sarah the wife of John Smith of this Parish who
departed this life the 26th of November 17-7 Aged -8 years
Glory be to God on high

In Memory of Elizabeth wife of Edward Bodle who died June . . .
1799 ? Aged 80 years

In Memory of Richard Page of this Parish who died 8th October 1857
in the 70th year of his age

Three Headstones /^railed in).

In Memory of John Noakes late of this Parish who died the 24th
August 1823 Aged 51 years leaving a family of 4 Sons and 5
Daughters

Also of Ann Noakes widow of the above John Noakes who died 6th
August 1852 Aged 77 years

In Memory of Matilda the daughter of John and Ann Noakes who
died 2nd April 1824 Aged 22 years Also of Eliza daughter of John
and Ann Noakes who died 8th March 1838 Aged 29 years Also of
William Henry Son of John and Ann Noakes who died 23rd June 1824
on his homeward passage from the West Indies Aged 16 years

Headstone,

In Memory of Mary wife of Robert. B. Rice who died 23rd November
1850 Aged 52 years Also of the aforesaid Robert. B. Rice who died
23rd October 1851 Aged 54 years His remains are deposited in Mares-
field Church Yard

In Memory of Mr Harry Adams who departed this life August 27
1789 in the 33 (?) Year of his Age (four lines, apparently poetry,
obliterated)

This is a flat stone close to East wall of North aisle
(outside).

Stone affixed to East wall of Church (outside).

Late of . . . Owen Evans . . . Son of 0. Evans, Curate of this
Parish ...

(South side of Altar Tomb),

Sacred to the Memory of Emily the beloved child of William and
Sarah Adams born September 2nd 1846 Died Sept. 12th 1852
after a few hours suffering

He shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his
bosom. Isaiah xl. 11.

INSCEIPTIONS 1?J THE COUECHTABD OF WILLISGDOK. 227

IS wlio died Till
e uo coutinu-

Also of 8aruh Ann tljoir oldest dtiiigiitcr w>io Tffts born October 26tli
1835 and died Aftircb 9th 185& After n long and painrul illnees sas-
tainrd villi CliriBtiaii furtitndo She ws« dearly- beloved b;ail nbo kuew
her for her kind and benevolent dispoaition
The damsel is not dead but slcepeth. Mark v. SO

( West Sidt}.

Saored to the Memory of William Adams of this PnriBh irho died

21»t AngQHt 1869 in the 4gth year of hie age Grefttlj respected for

the iulegrity of his eharactcr and deeply regretted bj nil who knew him

eB|)cciully the poor to whom he waa always a friend

Lay up for yourselves treasures in hcaren. Matt. vi. 20

(North SidtJ.
Sacred to the Memory of Eliza Adams who departed this life Sep-
tember 5th 1868 in lie 25lh year of her Age Deeply regretted by her
bereaved family she was dearly beloved by all wbo knew her

The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away, Bleased he the name
of theLonl. Job. i. 21.

Also of Louisa Adams who departed this life Jnly SOlh 1872 aged
23 years He is my rock and titers is no unrighteoaaness in him.
Pa. 92. 15.

(Eaul Siile).
Sacred to the Memory of Sarah wife of William Adnt
January 1873 in the 71st year of her nge Here we ha
ing city But we seek one to come. — Heb. xiii. 14
IhaifeloJUi.
In Memory of
The Rev'' Henry Moore M.A. Into Vicar of this Pariah who departed this
life on the '2lBt day of June 1843 Aged 66 years. This Stone is erected
by his parishioners as a testimony of esteem and respect.
In Memory of David Morre . . .

departed this , . . (much sunk)
Sacred to the Memory of Arthur Thomas who departed this life April
7tli 1840 Aged 77 years Also Hannah his wife who departed this life
October 14tb 1651 Aged 76 years

Bail.
In Memory of Charles Viae Son of James a
of April 1819 and died 17 August 1820 AIs
Lingbam who Died in Canada June Snl \^hi>
Stoses o.v the Sodth Sidb <
J/eadstoiie.
_Here lies the Body of Mrs. Ann Cotlon Widow who departed this life
at Ration in this I'nrish on the 13th of September 1834 in the Slat
year of her Age In Urutitnde for her inestimable Services during a
period of nearly 52 years together with her affectionate attachment to
themselves and tiieir children And as a testimony of their respect for ber
many excellent quatilies this stone is erected to her Memory by Inigo
~1 Frances Ann Thomas

ind Mary Vine bom 20th
o Caroline tlie wife of Jo.
Aged 41 years.

' CnURCHVARD.

228 INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHUBCHYABD OP WILLINGDON.

Double Headstone.
In Memory of

Henry Duty who
died Nov'. 1762
Aged 7 1 years

Also of MaTy Ins wife
died 7 Jan^. 1764
AGED (sic) 74 years

Rails.

In Memory of Fanny Daughter of John and Mary Ticehnrst who
departed this life April 4th 1835 Aged 5 years and 4 Months

In Memory of Mary Daughter of John and Mary Ticehurst who de-
parted this life April 2nd 1835 Aged 2 years and 11 months (On hack.)

In Memory of Ann Daughter of John and Mary Ticehurst who de-
parted this life February 21st 1843 Aged 3 years and 11 months (There
have been two lines of poetry at back, but obliterated).

In Memory of Henry Mewett who died July 10th 1845 Aged 28
years.

All you that pass here along, Think how sudden I was gone.
Think Header, Think 1 how soon you must Return again to mortal
dust.

In Memory of Mary wife of John Mewett who departed this life April
22nd 1825 Aged 59 years

In Memory of John Mewett who departed this life January 13th 1840
Aged 81 years (On back.)

Headetonea.

In Memory of Kuth the Wife of Benjamin Blackman of this Parish
who Died May the 11th 1759 Aged 55 years

In Memory of Emma the wife of Bobart English who departed this
Life the 13th of January 1757 Aged 59 years

In Memory of Robert English He died Jan. 29th 1784 Aged 88
years

And of Barbara Serjant, Sister of Robt. English, before said died
April 7th 1770 Aged 86 years. [Hour-glass above,)

In Memory of Ruth English who died May 22nd 1820 Aged 69 years.

To the Memory of John (?) Son of William and Ann English who
departed this Life 8 (?) of May 1818 (?) Aged 18 (?) years

In Memory of William English who departed this life , . . day
of . . . 1817 Aged . . . Years

In Memory of Ann Wife of William English who departed this life
March 27 1807 Aged 76 years

Rail.

To the Memory of William Kenyon late of this Parish who departed
this Life April 29th 1833 Aged 82 years Also Elizabeth Wife of
the above who departed this Life September 18th 1836 Aged 82
yeai*8

INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHUBCHYARD OP WILLINGDON. 229

To the Memory of Elizabeth Wife of Thomas Clapp of London and
Daughter of William and Elizabeth Kenyon vfho departed this Life
January 4th 1828 Aged 38 years Also the above Thomas Clapp who
died December 2nd 1839 Aged 59 years

We Mourn to part, bat hope to meet again.

Flat Coped Stone.

Sacred to the Memory of Sophia widow of Edmund Thomas Harrison
Esq" who died March 20 1846 Aged 46

Blessed are the merciful for they shall obtain mercy.

Headstone (small Cherub's head).
In Memory of Martha Daughter of Elizabeth and John Sur . . .

Tomb octagonal in shape, cross above, railed-in panel inside.

He will swallow up death in victory, and the Lord God will wipe away
tears from off alV faces Isaiah xxv. 8

To the loved and honoured Memory of Freeman Thomas of Eatton
Esquire who died March 8th 1859 in his 51st year
. The fruit of the Spirit is Loye, joy peace, long suffering, gentleness,
goodness, faith, meekness, temperance Gal. y. 22, 23

Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee :
because he trusteth in thee Isaiah xxvi. 3

Inscribed to the Memory of Florence Emily the deeply lamented child
of Freeman and Amelia Thomas of Eatton bom Christmas Day 1839
died August 2nd 1855 (In next Panel,)

Endeared to all around By her sweet and loving character She was
herself so sustained in the hour of death by the strength of Love and
Filial Trust That she was enabled at last to say I am not afraid to go

Perfect Love casteth out Fear John iv. 8

Of Such is the Kingdom of Heaven

In Memory of George Freeman Eldest Son of Freeman and Amelia
Thomas of Eatton Died November 19th 1856 In his 20th year

His amiable disposition and Sterling Character made him the Pride
and Joy of His Parents and Family and caused his early death to be
deeply lamented by them and greatly regretted by all who knew him

" Whom the Lord loveth He Chasteneth and Scourgeth Every Son
Whom He Eeceiveth Hebrews xii. 6

Three Large Coped A Itar Tombs.

1, Sacred to the Memory of Barbara Eogers WiUard Daughter of
James Dippery Willard and Ann his wife who departed this life 12th
May 1832 Aged 23 years

Also of their Sons Walter and George who died in their infancy

2. Sacred to the Memory of James Dippery Willard who died June
7th 1845 Aged 77 years

Sacred to the Memory of Ann the Wife of James Dippery Willard
who died January 8th 1864 Aged 85 years

230 INSCHIPTI0N8 IK TBE CHUBCnTABD OP WILLIKGDOK.

There is a large flat stone south side of Cburchjard
close to porch hopelesalj worn.
Next is a Headstone.

Hera ... of Marj Ut« Wife of Qeorge Oeer . . . October 17!S
... died .. . 1830

Headatone,

In Memory of George Geer who departed this life IToreinber 10 18M
Aged 7& jevn (six lines of poetry).

North Side of Churchyard.— Rail.
To the Memory of Elizabeth Menett BeloTed Wife of John Mewrtt
who departed this Life March 13th 1875 Aged 93 years

Sacred to the Memory of Joha Mewett who died Janaarj 81, 184S
Aged 65 years

God caDii me home I must attend
Death takes me from my bosom friend
My children all I pray agree,
And Hto in Love and Unity.
Headstone.
In Memory of Thomas Manser who departed this life September
T*80th 1750 Aged 5(J years Also Lucy the wife of y* above said
Tlio' Manser wUo departed this Life May the I4th 1734 Aged 34 yean
Rail.
In Memory of Thomas Manser who departed this Life Oct' 11th 1802
Aged 78 years

Meadslonu.
To the Memory of Thomas Stokes who departed this Life June 24tfa
1832 Aged 34 years

In Memory of George son of Joseph and Ann 8hoosmith who died
March 1st ltj37 Aged 8 mnntbg Al^o of Babina their Daughter wbo
died Marcli 5th 1840 Aged 8 years und six months

Sacred To the Memory of William Henry Goddard who departed this
Life August 7tb 1867 Aged 82 years

Blessed are tho dead which die in the Lord

Also of Charlotte Augusta Relict of the above who departed this Life
January 14th 1870 Aged 41 years

The Lord is my Shepherd, I shall not want

Sacred To the Memory of William Fowler who died May 24th 1866
Aged 49 years Here we hare no continuing city But we seek one to

June eth 1870

kliciscd cnpitals)

Aged 21 years

INSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHURCHYARD OF WILLINGDON. 231

In Memory of Benjamin Brook who died May 28rd, 1875 Aged 78
years

Sacred To the Memory of Charles, Son of Charles and Ellen Glimpson
who died Oct. 25th 1863 Aged 7 years and 9 Months He shall gather
the Lambs with His arm and carry them in His Bosom Isaiah xl. 11

Sacred To the Memory of William Gosden who died at Willingdon
May 29th 1867 Aged 83 years Also of Phoebe the beloyed wife of the
above who died Febmary 1st 1866 Aged 83 years

Thy will be done Lord

Sacred To the Memory of Robert Gosden youngest son of William and
Phoebe Gosden who died at Hastings of consumption April 29ih 1868
Aged 49 years

My hope is in thee Lord

Also of Ann Maria the Beloved wife of the above who died at Fressing-
field Suffolk August 27th 1871 and is interred there Aged 53 years
The Memory of the Just is blessed

In affectionate Remembrance of Phoebe Eliza eldest daughter of Charles
and Ellen Glimpson who died at Brixton January 12th 1869 Aged 23
years *^ Lord look upon mine affection and my pain and forgive all my
sins."

Sacred To the Memory of Obadiah Glimpson who died February 23rd
1871 Aged 79 years Also of Elizabeth wife of the above who died
September 15th 1874 Aged 77 years '* Thy will be done "

In Loving Memory of James Thomas Chapman who departed this life
July 27th 1880 Aged 45 years

" I need thee, oh, I need thee, Every hour I need thee
Oh, bless me now my Saviour, I come to thee.'*

In Memory of Benjamin Brook who died May 23rd 1875 Aged 78
years.

In Memory of Thomas Thorpe died March 10th 1861 Aged 47 years
Also His Sons, Charles Vernon Thorpe died September 17th 1865 Aged
26 years Also of John Thorpe died September 4th 1889 Aged 4 years
" Thy will be done "

In Memory of Phillis Thomas wife of Henry Thomas who died at Uck-
field January 22nd 1879 Aged 70 years

In affectionate Remembrance of Elizabeth wife of Edmund Catt who
died 25th May 1873 Aged 51 years Also of Jane their daughter who
died 25th October 1856 Aged 4 days Also of John their Son who died
7th April 1865 Aged 2 years.

Altar Tomb {top).

Sacred to the Memory of John Denman who died October Ist 1824
aged 59 years Also of Ann Denman Relict of the above who died March
20th 1855 Aged 79 years Also of Fanny Dempster Granddaughter of
the above who died July 2 Ist 1866 Aged 80 years Also of William

232 IHSCBIFTIONS IN TBE CHCJBCHTABD OF WILUKODOIT.

Bocond Son of John and Ann Dcnman of this Parisli who died April 5th
ISOO Aged 6 Months Also of Charlotte aecond daughter of the abora
John and Ann Denman vho died January 25lh 1810 Aged S jeais and
3 Months

Altar Tomb.
Sacred to the Memoij of Arnold Denman who died April 8th 1863
Aged 65 years

{South Side).
Arnold William Son of Arnold and Francis Denmu died at Danedin
New Zealand AtigDSt 12th 1875 Aged 44 years

So^ith Side (lop of Altar Tomh).
Sacred to the Memory of Mary Ann Pitt Lay late of Tottenham Id
the comity of Middlesex who died 2nd of Jannary 1832 Aged 25 years
Headstones.
Sacred To the Memory of James Thomas who died at UckGeld 15th
July 1870 Aged 87 Also of Ann his wife who died at Wonnock 8th
Jane 1866 Aged 78 years

In affectionate Rcmeuibranco of John Tears who died September 25th
1872 Aged 62 years Also of Sarah Ann wife of the above who died on
the 16th of October 1872 Aged 62 years

James Vine late of this Parish who died December 20th 1859 in the
70th year of his Age. Also of Mary the wife of the above James Vine
who died November 30th 1864 in her 7Bth year

Sacred to the Memory of Charles Garniss who died February 19th
1872 Aged 61 years " Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord "
Rev. 14, 13.
Also of Charles Garniss Died Angust 6th 1846 Aged 8 Months
Also of James Vine Garniss Died in Canada Jaly 10th 1849 Aged 1
year and 9 Months

Sacred To the Memory of John Colman of Eastbourne who died Jane
19th 1862 Aged 75 years Also Charlotte his wife who died April 15th
1862 Aged 72 years Rcijuie^cant in pace.

Sacred to the Memory of Robert Ade who departed this life April 17th
1829 Aged 81 years Sacred to the Memory of Ann the wife of Robert
Ade who departed this life March 24th 1829 Aged 80 years.
Tablet.
In Mournful Remembrance of Caroline the beloved wife of Joseph
Collins Hayward of this Parish who ceased to sojourn on Earth June 24,
1867 Aged 28 years " Many are the afflictions of the Righteous ; but
the Lord delivcreth them out of tbem all," Psalm xxxiv. 19.
Railed Tovtb.
In affcctiouate remembrance of Barbara the beloved wife of Daniel
Stevens who dejiarleJ tliis life June Dth ISSl agi?d Ti years
Now the pains uf death are past .
Labour ' ' '"^
And ]iU
Her soul it

tNSCRIPTIONS IN THE CHOROHVAED OF WIt.UNGDON. 233

Alflo of Dnniol Stevens Hasband of the above who deported this life.
December 18th 1882 Aged 77 years "Blessed ftre the dead vrhtoh die
in the Lord."

UeadetonfS.
In memory of Rath wifa of Edward Piilland who died May 3Ut 1878
Aged G4 ^ears

" Jcaug said unto her, Z am the Re&arrection a,nd the Life." John xi. S5
In Memory of a dearly beloved Child Louisa Tilling liom Marcli 3rd
1867 died February 22nd 1869.

" This lovely bnd, so young, so fair. Called hence by early doom
Just came to show how sweet o flower In Paradise would bloom.
" Buffer little children to cotQo unto me, and forbid them not, for of
finch is the kingdom of heaven."

In Memory of Rebecca Daughter of Welter and Anne Putland who
died December 15th 1864 Aged 19 years Also of Mary Ann Patland
who died January 27lh 1840 Aged 6 years

Ako of Saroli Putland who died March 29th 1843 Aged 6 years
Also of Elizabeth Putland who died September 20th l&l. ^ged2years
Also of Henry Putland who died March 31st 1844 Aged « months.
Bncred to the Memory of lliomas Glassock who departed this life
December 2»th 1866 Aged 74 years (At the foot, cross with R.P., 1878.)
Sacred to the Meniory of Charles Putland who died 29 November
1874 Aged 87 years

R<tiUd Tombs.

Blessed are the dead whicli die in the Lord.

In affectionate Remembrance of Elizabeth the beloved wife of Mattliias

Mockottof Willingdun, who departed this life December 4th J 868 Aged

^3 years Also of Caroline the beloved wife of Isaac Baker and oldest

daughter of the above who died May 28Lh, 1876 Aged 36.

" And they shall see His face, and Hia name Shall be in their foretioad.
Rev. 2'i, 4.

" The true iTeifus liveth," On reverse aide, I.H.S., '' I know that niy
Redeemer liveth."

In afTectionate Remembrance of William Watson Born at East Tytherly
Hampshire 24th March 1799 died 23rd of June 1873.

"I remember thy judgments of old U Lord, and have comforted
myself." Fsaim cxix. 52.

tleaditone.
In Loving memory of Nathaniel Mollobone who deported this life No-
vember 28th 187S Aged 64 years. " Blessed are the dead which die
in the Lord for they rest from their labours."

Jane Elphicfc Died May 6th 1864 Aged 66 years.
" Nothing iu my hand I bring. Simply to thy cross I cling,"
Small Cross.
s Madeline (no gurnnme).

" Hig banner over mo was love."

{At foot.)

P+M+H. Born 18 February 1863. Died 16 June 1863

2S4 ISSCUmOSS is TBB CHTKCBTUtD or WILLINQDOH.

BaiM TomA.
LH.S^ I kna* tbu m? Redeoner Uretfa
Banvd to Ae il«v mraion- of Mvt Tat«s onlj aad belored dftogliter
of John sad Amdis Xkho'.U who dr^ed this life October 12th 1871
Agcd267ws, *- 1 will fnr no eiQ, for thoa art with me." PsAlm xxiU. 4.
Bailed Tomi odjcimtM^.
LH.S.. -* Christ is all and in all."
Bacred to the Hmtofj of G«or^ Uiraodo Cave NicboDs eldest and
dearly beloTcd Son at John and Amelia NichoUs of WilUngdon who died
^wil 19th 18fi7. In the 24th jear of his Age "ThoD hast redeemed
DM O Lord of trnlh." Psalm iixi. 5.

{Ombad.)
LH.S. " Thy win be done,"
Sacred to the belored Memoir of John, third Son of John and *t^^g^i^l ^
Nicholls who departed this life SoT^mber 18th 1868 Aged 17 years.
" Them which sleep in Jesus will God bring with Him."

Cop&I Altar Tomb (tm top).
Sacred to the Mumorj of Thomas Xoakes of Jerington who departed
thklife May 7th 1849. Aged 46 years Also of Lonisa Wife of the
aboTe who departed this life January 6th 1871 Aged 65 years. " lu
Bnre and certain hope,"

{Xortk Side.)
Also Denman Son of Thomas and Lonisa Noakes who departed this
life October 9th 1840 Aged 5 years.

(Aor(A Sid^ of Xoakee' Tontb.)
To the Memory of Frances Nonkes, wife of Thomas Noakes of Jeving-
ton Gent, and eldest dao^ter of Richard King late of this Parish £sq™
who departed this liie 13th October 1822 Aged 46 years.
(South Side of Noata' Tomb.)
To the Memory of Thomas Nookes, Yeoman (of this Parish) and for-
merly of Wannock who departed this life April 8th 1829 Aged 54 years.
Headttona.
In Memory of Daiid Tobilt who died December 26th 1883 Aged 60
Years.

In Affectionate Remembrance of Thomas Martin who died Jnly 8th
1877 Aged 18 years.

" 1 shall go to him, bnt be shall not return to me "
Also of John Martin who died October Slst 1860 Aged one month
" For of such is the kiDgiloin of hc;iven''

In Affettionnte liea^Wice of Milly The Only and beloved child of

Philip and Mary AnuJ|^^B|ho lii'.'l JH<u|^|Ulb 1879 Aged 2 jears

and 7 months ^^^^^^^

"Thi

mSOEIPTIONS IN THE OHUECHYABD OF WILLINGDON. 235

In Affectionate Remembrance of Kate Ellen Measey who died January
the 28rd 1879 Aged 28 years

" Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord "

Also of James Measey Husband of the above who died September
19ih 1882 Aged 49 years " I know that my Redeemer liveth "

Also of Emily Beloved wife of William Measey who died November
8rd 1881 Aged 89 years " Thy will be done "

In Affectionate Remembrance of William Denman "who departed this
life September 2nd 1880 Aged 69 *' It is better to trust in the Lord
Than to put confidence in Man '*

Sacred to the Memory of Elizabeth Pax ton Bom June 28th 1846
Died July 18th 1881 Thy will be done

Sacred To the Memory of John Tuppen who died February 28th 1869
Aged 28 years

Also Arthur (}eorge who died December 22nd 1869 Aged 9 years
Also Ruth who died January 2nd 1870 Aged 18 years
Also Frederick who died January 19th 1871 aged 12 years
" For ever with the Lord Amen. So let it be "

Marble Cross,

Harriet de Sausmarez Lowe died January 24th 1878. Aged 49 years.
" Set your affection on things above ** Col. iii. 2

Low Coped Tomb {North Side),

Here resteth in hope The Rev. John Lowe for fifty eight years Rector
of Ardley, Oxfordshire Revered and loved wherever known He fell
asleep, March 18th 1874 In the eighty fourth year of his age

{On South Side.)

" Them which sleep in Jesus will Qod bring with Him." I Ep. ;
Thes. iv. 14

Flat Tomb.

In Affectionate Remembrance of Thomas Tonge who died March 27th
1878 Aged 5 years and 5 Months " Thy will be done "

LH.8.
In Affectionate Remembrance of Winifred wife of Richard Willard
who departed this life December 25th 1862 In the 49th year of her age

Next Totnbf within same rail.

I.H.S. In Affectionate Remembrance of Richard Willard who de-
parted tiiis life July 25th 1868 In the 62nd year of his age

Headstones,

In Affectionate Remembrance of Robert HoUibone who died July 17th
1878 Aged 51 years
'* With Christ which is far better *'

Also of Harriett the beloved wife of the above who died June 15th
1880 Aged 64 years. " Even so come Lord Jesus **

236 INS0BIPTION8 IN THB CHtTBOHTAIU} OF WILLINODON.

{SurmomiUd hy CrosB.)

Sacred to the Memor; of Johannah the dearlj beloTcd wife of Edmand
Bimonds who died on the annirereai; of her wedding da; June 3rd 1860.
Aged 49

Also of Edmund Simonds vho died Aagast 6th 1880 Aged 58.

HeadttoTUt.

In Memor; of John Ticehnrst who died Jnlj 14th, 1874 Aged 76
years " Eren to hoar htura will 1 carrj yon" Isa. 46-4.

In Uemory of Edward Mewelt who died November 30th 1874 Aged
SOyears Also of Harriett wife of the abore who died April 12(h 1874
Aged 74 years. " Be ye also ready for in snch an hoar As ye think not
the Bon of Man cometh."

A BRITISH SETTLEMENT BE^EEN LINBFTELD
AM) HOKSTED KEYNES.

By H. F. NAPPEE, Ebq.

Speed's Map of Susses (164G) may be found the
^ords "The Regrni" occurring in the space betweeu
" Horstcd Cayns," " Lynfeld darches," " Sheffeild," and
" BorBlye." This to me has the appearance of the site
of a British settlement of some kind which existed here,
and of which in Speed's time there were sufficient re-
mains or marks to draw his attention to the spot.

So far as I can judge by the Ordnance Map, the
locality of Paxhill would be about this spot; but there
is on this map a remarkable bareness of place-names at
this spot, as guides, which can hardly exist in fact.

Will any member of our Society near, take the trouble
to explore the locality for some space round, to ascertain
whether from earthworks, or any remains found, such as
coins, pottery, hearsay or otherwise, anything can be
collected to throw any light on this matter ? Lindfleld
is a remarkably old place, and may possibly be the
successor of a still older place.

I may add that there are strong symptoms, taking
the place-names to bo found on the map, of ancient
Vias crossing each other just about the locality in
question. Taking from Hardham, on the Sussex Stane
Street, there may be traced a very direct line running
by Knepp Castle, Stonehouse, Cowfold, Collard Street,
Brook Street, between Ardingly and Horsted Keynea,
Wych Cross, Paternoster Row, Witbyham, Stoneland,
Groom Bndge, Straw Bury Hill, Pembury Green, Five
Wents (whatever they may be), Colier Street, Chartway
Street, Leeds Castle, Eyborne Street, Kingsdowa Street,
to Green Street and Stone on the Watling Street.

Again a very direct line may be traced by the names
of Stanmer, Street, Paxhill, Fell Bridge, Plaistow
Street, Stansted Borough, Godstone, and Croydon to

238 A BRITISH SETTLEMENT, ETO.

Streatham, which seems to be a general meeting point
of all the Vias south of London between Chichester and
Pevensey, and I am not sure I may not say Romney.

There are certain words which I have observed gener-
ally imply British or Roman occupation of, or connec-
tion with, a locality — such as Ard, Hard, Stone, Stan,
Stand, Stane, Steyne, Street, Strate, Strat, Way, Row,
Rough, Honey, Folly, Hyde, Bury, Borough, Burg,
Berg, Berig, Ick, Ich, Igh, Maiden, Cran, and others.
Some of these are plain, but to others, such as Honey,
Folly, Maiden, it is difficult, without a knowledge of
ancient languages, toafiBxany meaning. But by these and
similar words, I submit that a great many ancient roads
may be traced as above.

The following suggestions may assist an inquirer :—

The name of the Hundred is "Burleigh Arches"
(Lower, II., 29). It contains only the parish of Lind-
field (Horsfield).^ This is peculiar, and shows a populous-
ness when the name was given to the Hundred. Speed's
Map has " Lynfeld darches." It is remarkable that these
names are not found in Domesday.

The advowson, (fee, is an early Peculiar of Canterbury
(Lower). " Gkappel Land," " Wallsted," " Townhouse,"
"Kidboro," may be found in the locality.

The name of the Hundred would, of course, be the
earliest. Thus we have Burgh, Boro', Bury; Leigh,
Ley; Arches, Darches, d' Arches ; Bury-leigh d' Arches
and Lyn-feld d'Arches. But as there was no De in
Saxon times, when the Hundreds were named (often, no
doubt, from British names), the d' would rather appear to
be a Norman adjunct. " Arches," or some other name of
which this is a corruption, would, therefore, appear to be
the name of the District attached to Bury, Ley, and Feld.

"Chappel" speaks for itself; bufWali," "Town," and
Ked-"Bury" are all suggestive of spots to be explored.

"Beadle land" is also suggestive of a township
("S. A. C," XIX., 49); anJ tlie Danes wore in the
neighbourhood, at Danh'" "" '^"

I In"S.A.C.,''XXVl..
to the Church of Lindflelii,
appears. This may bo a f n

piTIONAL NOTES ON " THE MEASUREMENTS
OF Pl'OLEMY AND OF THE ANTONINE
rriNERAEY," BY GORDON M. HILLS, ESQ.

(" 8, A. C." XXXI., 58 & 78 ; XXSII., 215.)
Br H. F. NAPPER, Ebq.

would appear incorrect to treat or consider the
Bevennas as a series of "Iters" like those of Antoninus.
It seems more properly to be called, as it is (p. 58),
'* Catalogues of Names of Places in strings or groups ; "
for the writer says that " in Britain there were, we read,
very many cities and caraps, of which he would desig-
nate some; " and on close esamination they would seem",
to some extent at least, to be names appearing along the
lines of certain ancient British or Roman roads or vias,
but taken in an order according with the sequence of the
tribes or peoples to which they belonged,

Tor the purposes of this paper it may be stated
generally that there appear to have been certaia great
highways or Via.s, which can be easily traced (some
originally British) crossing the ishind in various direc-
tions ; such as the Walling Street from Kent to Anglesey
(S.E. to N.W.) ; the E-rmin Street (Via Herminis) from
Susses to the Huraber and York or Whitby (B. to N.);
the Via Devana from Colchester to Chester
(B. to N.W.) ; the Ichneld (Iken-eld or Icenes* old)
Way from Caistor (Norwich) by AckUng Street to
Dorchester, and onwards to the Totteneys or Tatteneys
Shore, i.e., the Flet-t harbour and Chesil Bank, Dorset ;
not to Totnes, Devon, as stated by some old writers
(E. to S.W.) ; tbo -l/iremtiJj'a (Sick-man's) ITaj/ from the
Icknield Way at Wendover by Cirencester to Bath
(E. to W.) ; a Povtwaij from Cromer to Colchester and
London, and thence to Staines, Duke's Hill, Blackwater,
Hartley Kow, past Winklebury, and by the Harroway

242 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON " THE MEASUREMENTS OP

east of these the "Cantse"; west of them, above the
Belgffl, the *' Bibroci " ; west of them again, the
** Attrebates " along the Thames ; and the Segontiaci
south of them ; across the Thames, opposite the Attre-
bates, the " Cassii " ; west of them, the " Boduni " ; and
across the Severn, the " Silures." These seem all we
need trouble ourselves about. It should be stated, how-
ever, that " Isca " is shown on the left bank of the Kiver
Isca, which is placed next east of Helenum Prom. ;
" Durinum " is placed in the country of the Morini; a
" Venta " in the place for Wimboro, on the left bank of
the (evidently) StourR., although it is called AlaunaFlu,
and made to join the Uxella River, so as to sever com-
pletely the Cimbri, Danmonii, and Morini from the Hedui
and BelgEe; "Clausentum" on the left bank of the Anton
B.; "Sorbiodunum" further north, near the same river,
"Portus Magnus" at Porehester; another "Venta"
(evidently) at Winchester, but no river; "Vindonum"
north of Venta, and in the country of the Segontiaci ;
" Caleba," again north of it, in the country of the
Attrebates; "Bibrax," in that of the Bibroci; and
" Noviomagus " outside and west of the Cantae, and on
the road from Anderida to London. This probably
gives a fair description of Richard's idea of the state of
the South of Britain in Roman times, unless altered by
Bertram, as I fear is the case with respect to Clau-
sentum, Venta, Vindonum, and Sorbiodunum, to suit his
views (and Camden's). But such as it is, since it is apt
for my purpose as regards the Eavennas, I shall adopt
and make use of it.

The writer of " Bavennas " seems to have commenced
bis catalogue at the Land's End, and mentions names
which (contrary to all previous schemes) I venture to
think may be taken for tlic places whoso modern names
1 liavo utt(fmptcd (and JflHomc iiislao^^^l think,
successfully) to annex ^^^^^^ tlo b^^^^Hth the
Daumouii, and seems to t^^^^^H upo^^^^^^nches
of tbe Portway i

I may be (as I Ij
be taken away fn

PTOI.KMV AND OF THE ANTONINE ITINERABT." 243

(riven to it ? "Well, I do not know that I am bound, and
therefore not careful, to answer this question, or find
another. But I can refer to Camden, who says " the
river which Ptolemy called Isaca, and Britons Isk, and
the Saxons Ex, comes close to the City of Exeter, unto
which it leaves its name," also that " Ptolemy called it
Iflca, Antoninus Isca Danmoniorura ; the English Saxons
termed it Exanceaster, and the Britons Caer Isk"; and
that "William of Malmsbnry said that although the soil
was weakly and scarce able to bring forth hungry oats,
and many times empty husks without grain in them,
yet by reason of the riches of the iubabitants and
commerce bad become so fresh, th^t a man might ask for
any necessary and have it." And he (Camden), "so far
from thinking that Vespacian won it under Claudius,
thought it was then scarce built" (this would be a.d. 47),
and that "it came not fully to the Enghsh-Saxon hands
before the 4G6tli year after their entrance into Britain,
for at that time Athelstan expelled the Britons quite out
of the city, who before had inhabited it in equal right
with the Saxons, and then fortified the city round about
with a rampire and wall of square stones aud other
bulwarks." This was a.d. 92C, when the importance of
Exeter seems to have begun ; and it was not a Bishop's
See till Edward Confessor's time (1046). la there,
then, any occasion to fiud auy other name than Caer Isk
for a place having apparently no existence, or no im-
portance, and not iu Roman bauds, at the time of
Hadrian's journey, a.d. 120 P Let Exeter say.

The writer, then, from Dorchester goes back to the
Caniabii and Cimbri in North Cornwall aud Devon; aud
hero there is not much to guide a stranger, but perhaps
those acquainted with the West of England may be able
to follow him and allocate names in those counties.

However, he returns to Dorchester, aud then takes the
capital of the Durotriges ; and thence, taking the Way
before mentioned (which is really Iter XV. of Auto-
ninus), ho proceeds into the couotry of the Belgaa, and
names a number of places in Uampsliire (with which he
Boems best ac(juaiuted) till he gets to Bindogladla, where

244 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON " THE MEASOBBMENTS OP

he quits Iter XV., and jumps at once to the Rhemi, or,
at any rate, to the extreme end of the Belgse (who
included the Regni in Richard's map), and takes Novio-
magus. Now, I have always had a doubt about Hoi wood
Hill for this station, and had a prejudice in favour of
Carshalton (Caer-Aulton, simply Aulton in Domesday) ;
and in addition to this, Wallington (Aulton, Aul-ing-
ton), adjoining to it, gives its name to the Hundred;
and we know that the names of the Hundreds must
be very ancient, and the places which gave these names
must have been of ancient importance ; and, moreover,
in Wallington lie Beddington and Wood-cot, where
Roman foundations and many other relics have been
found. All this induces me to think Carshalton, or its
vicinity, to be the site of Noviomagus. This is not to be
confounded with "Neomagus," which I shall presently
show to be Farley Heath, Albury, lying in the direct line
of the Way from Otterbourne past Woolmer (where I
place Clausentum), and on to Dorking and into Kent, as
already mentioned. From Noviomagus and the Rhemi
the writer turns back westwards, and takes the Belgse,
Bibroci, and Segontiaci as they come in succession, guided
apparently in the course he pursues by some Way, now
perhaps unknown, unless it happens that the Pilgrims*
Way, as it is now called, was an old Roman or British
cross-country Way, not lost or forgotten in the 12th
century, when the new-made Saint of Canterbury caused
that city to become a great place of resort for pilgrims,
and brought the Way again into use, and gaye it a new
name. However, not far from this Way there exists an
important moated and fortified Roman position called
Home- (or Thunderfield)-Castle, in the parish of Home,
Surrey, and not far from Horley Station ; and these
names of Home and Hor-ley are so much like " Orma"
that I venture to connect them ; and there are in this
district several names compounded of this name — Cop-
thorne, Imberhorne, Ipthorne ; and Kemble speaks of
Thundersfield as one of the places where the Gemot was
held. This looks like the capital of a territory.

Continuing westward on this same Way, the writer

riOLEMY AND OF THE ANTONINE ITISERAKY.

245

comes to Venta Belgarum, wliicli I tiave in my former
paper (XXXII., 221) placed at CiBsar's Camp, Aldershot
(in Iter's VII. and XV. of Antoninus), where coins
have been found. But I have since learnt from General
Sir J. H. Lefroy, F.S.A., that the coins found by his
brother in 1828 were neither found at Caesar's Gamp nor
Roman, but were French and Anglo-Saxon, and found
some two miles from the Camp, in the pariah of Crondall ;
that individual coins are occasionally picked up all over
that region; that some 60 or more years agn a Roman
villa of some pretension was found in a field lialf-a-mile
from Crondall Church, but it was ruthlessly destroyed.
In the south part of the parish of Crondall another
" Pavement" is marked on the Ordnance Map. All this
seems to indicate a Roman settlement thereabouts. He
also states that the parish of Crondall was of great
extent {in fact, giving its name to the Hundred), and
that King Edgar, a.d. 976, bestowed on the (now)
Cathedral of Winchester a grant of land, situate " loco
celebre qui Cnindelus nolo appellatur vocabulo " (Kemble,
No. l>xcv). Now, what should have made Crondall a
locus eeleber a.d. 076 ? I am induced, therefore, to think
that Crondall, and at Crondall Ewshot (and not Caaaar's
Camp),ia the site of Venta Belgarum; but the exact spot
in this wild region has yet to be discovered. Unhappily,
my days for active exploration are passed, and it is a
long way from me ; otherwise, I siiould have been upon
the ground before this. I arrive at the name of Ewshot
thus : the Romans called it Venta, i.e., Uenta or Wenta;
the Saxons called it U-shot, or Vsliot (as it is written in
Speed's map) ; and Venta was a locus celeher.

Going still westward, we come to another Caesar's
Camp, near Wickham Bushes, In the country of the
Bibroci. This lies between two places called Hampstead;
and Armis-stead and Hamp-atead are not very unlike.
Nest in the list we have Ardaoneon — Arda-Oneon. Now,
we have all read of Oneon's Hole and Oneon's pennies
at Silcheater, in the country of the Segontiaci. Here,
then, we have the origin of that hitherto inexplicable
word, and also the Roman name of Silcbester. I need

246 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE " MEASUREMENTS OF

hardly say here that I have stoutly repudiated the names
of Calleva and Vindomis, sometimes given to Silchestei
And it is notable that not far off, at Reading, we fine
the name of Onion as a surname ; for it is recorded thai
Hugh Faringdon, the last Abbot of Reading, a man o
exemplary character, and highly spoken of by the King'i
Commissioners, and two of his monks, Onion and Rugg
were hanged and quartered as traitors, seven month
after the suppression of the Abbey, for refusing h
acknowledge the religious supremacy of the monstei
Henry VIII.

The writer continues still westward, or north-west
ward, and apparently crosses the Severn to Chepstow ii
the Silures ; but there he can be followed but imperfectb
by a stranger. However, even he is not left withou
some guide names, as may be seen; for taking th
Ryknield Way and leaving the Silures, we are brough
back into the Dobuni, and down again by the Fosse Wa;
to the Attrebates at Calleva, Calleva-pit Farm, two mile
from Reading. Here the writer, having already gon
over the ground then in front of him, takes a tur
southwards, and, following the Portway, names som
places of the Belgas which he had passed by when h
jumped from Otterboume to Carshalton, two beini
places which have hitherto never found any abidiuj
names ; but as to Clausentum, I have already found
resting-place for it other than at Bittern ; and it appear
there is a camp on a hill close to Bittern called Midan
bury Camp, which is quite suflBcient to give a new nam
to this place, which I am ready to admit was no doub
a place of importance, and probably the capital of th
Tetrici. Mutu-Antonis seems to speak for itself;
Mutatio, at Roman's Eye, on the Anton river. Froi
here there is again a jump to the Canta9 and Watlin
Street, and, taking the two termini, there is a regula
course to London, whence the course is, through th
Dobuni and Cornonii, by ways w.hich I cannot follow, t
Wroxeter on the Watling Street again, and so, perhaps
onwards to Carnarvon (Caer Seiout or Seguntium), bi
Mr. Hills does not give any further names. It is nc
improbable that the writer might be followed all ov€

PTOLEMlr ANi) OP *HB ANTOt^INE ITINBRABY.

»»

24?

EDgland by the same means, of taking the old Yias and
the British tribes as guides.

The writer of this list begins it by saying
Britain there were very many cities and camps,
we will designate some, that is " :—

DUMNONIL

In which
of which

Giano (Jiano)

Market Jew or Marazion

(Market-jion)

Cornwall.

Eltabo

Helston

Cornwall.

Elconio

Tregony

Cornwall.

Nemetotacio (totakio)

Tavistock

Cornwall.

Tamaris

Tamerton

Devon.

Darocoronavis

Dartmouth

Devon.

Pilais

Venialis

Ardua

Liskeard

Cornwall.

Reventione

DeTionisso

Statio Deventia

Stene

Dnriarno

Totnes (ad. Duriam Amnem)

Devon.

Uxelis

Ilchester (Hedui)

Somerset.

Verteoia (Berievia)

Bere Regis

Dorset.

Melarnoa

Mellbury or Milborne

Dorset.

Isca Damnnmornm

Dorchester
CIMBRL

Dorset.

Tennonin (Termolus)

Holland

Devon.

Mostevia (Artevia)

Tiverton
CORNAVII.

Devon.

Milednnnm (Misidnnam)

Stratton

Cornwall.

Apannaris

Masona

Bossenj

Cornwall.

AloDginm

Launceston

Cornwall.

MORINI (DUROTRIQEfl).

Also next to Isca Dnm-

^ r

nnmorum is

Moridnno

Wareham
BELG/K.

Dorset.

Alaana Silra

Ringwood

Hants.

Omire

Ower, Overton

Hants.

Tadertis

Tadley

Hants.

Londinis

Little London

Hants.

Ganca

Candover

Hants.

Dolocindo

Lovington

Hants.

Clavinio

Avington

Hants.

Morionio

Morestead

Hants.

Bolnelanio

Beaolieo, or Backland

Hants.

Alauna

Christchorch

HanU.

248 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THB ^^ MEASUREHBNTS OF

Coloneasi

(Perhaps in the New

Aranns >
Anicetis J

Forest, and destroyed)

Moieso

Minstead

Hants.

Ibernio

Ibsley

Hants.

Bindogladia

Otterbonme (It. XY.)
RHEMI.

Hants.

Noyiomagns

Carshalton

Surrey.

Orma

Home Castle
BELGiB.

Surrey.

Yenta Bclgaram

Crondall (Ewshot)
BIBROCI.

Hants.

Armis

Caesar's Camp, Hampstead
8EG0NTIACL

Berks.

Arda-Oneon

Silchester
BELGiE.

Hants.

Ravimago

Avebury

Wilts.

Regentinm

Heddington ?

Lencomaga

Laycock, Lachham
6ILURE8.

Wilts.

Gemetzione

Chepstow

Mon.

Puntuobice

Pontypool

Mon.

Yenta Silnrum

Caerwent

Mon.

Jupania

Metambala

Bala

Merion.

Albinnnno

Isca Angasta

Caerleon

Mon.

Bannio

Brecon

Brecon.

Brenna

Capel Brengorum
DOBUNI.

Brecon.

Alabnm

Hay

Hereford.

Cicutio

Tewkesbnry

Gloucester.

Magnis

Kentchester

Hereford.

Branogeninm

Worcester

Worcester.

Epocessa
Ypocessa .

Pershore '

Worcester.

Macatonion

Glebon Colonia

Gloucester

Gloucester.

Argistillum

Yertis (ham)

Evesham ?

VV orcester.

Salinis

Droitwich

Worcester,

Corinium Dobanoram

Cirencester
ATTREBATE8.

Gloucester.

Caleba Atirebainm

Calve Pit, Reading
BELGiE.

Berks.

Andereaio

Andover

Hanto.

PTOLEMY AND OP THE ANTOMNE ITINERARY.

Bib.

Bitterne

Hants.

Mntn- An tenia

Romsey
CANT^.

Hunts.

Lemanis

Ljmno

Kent.

Dubria

Dover

Kent.

Dn rare mo Contiacornm

Canterbury

Kent.

Rntnpis

liicliborongh

Kent.

DnrobrabiB

Rocbestcr

Kent.

Londini

Lomlon
DOBUNI.

Middlesex.

Tamese -

Henley-on-Tbames

0x0(1.

Brinavis

Cbipping Warden

NDrtbsmpto

Alauna

Alcester
CORNONII.

Warwick.

Clriconion Coraoninoriim

Wroxeter

Salop.

(The diTJBion into tribes is my own, for tlie purpose of better illostratioo.)

Going back to Parley Heatb, I may mention that some
time since, in looking over Speotl's Map of Surrey (1610),
I noticed the words, " Tbe Regni," in a locality tliat
showed at a glance that the Roniauo-Britisli settlement at
Farley Heath was intended. lu hig time the signs of
settlement were no doubt more patent than now. I had
previously to this decided in ray own mind (and so in-
lormed Mr. Martin Tupper) that this autttement was the
"Neomagus" of Ptolemy; at which I had arrived by
the comparison of bis longitudes and latitudes of Bath,
Neomagus, and London, given In his Tables (" S. A. C,"

K^^'SI., 30, 31).
Long. Lat.

Aquw Calidie 17-20 53-40.
Neoiiiagns lU-15 58'26.
Londiniiim 2*}-0 54*0.
^a a discussion upon Iter XV., I was referred by a well-
known antiquary to W'arne's "Ancient Dorset," for the
sites of Sorbiodunum, Vindocladia, and Durnovaria. On .
referring to this work I find that he gives for them the
names undermentioned. But these, it will be seen, will not
do at all. The distances of these places (from Antoninus)
are given below ; and the actual distances by the Ordnance
Map of Wanie's places are also given, and it will be seen
they do not correspond in any degree, and consequently
they cannot be admitted as correct allocations.
XXXI V. 2 K

ADDinOKAL HOns OK THE " HKASUBBHENTS OF

Eoriiktdiniina
VindocUdU, 12
DnraoTuu, 9

Wanu.
Old Sarnm to
Gnssage, 18
Dorchester, 25

Wame gives also a frreat variety of names to other
places in Dorset, which I cannot conceive to be correct ;
and manv which be places in Dorset I have above sub-
mitted to be in Hants; bat as there are no distances
attached to them, so as to test the correctness, nothing
can be proved eitb^ way.

A great point is made by many that SUcbester must he
Callera Attrebatinm. I therefore submit to all, or any,
of them the following table of places in the Iters, with
the distances affixed, as given by Antoninus ; and sup-
posing Silchester to be CaUeva (as they say), I invite
them to fill up the blanks in the tables by inserting
against each name of Antoninus the name of the place
they consider to represent it, together with (or without)
the distance in Boman miles on the Ordnance Map be-
tween the plaoee, so as to test, or be able to test, the
truth of their allocations by the distances ; and send them
direct to me. If they cannot do this successfally, they
must confess themselves wrong. At the same time I
have placed, in the right-hand column, the places I con-
tend for, and their distances in Boman miles on the Ord-
nance Uap, and it will be seen at a g^anoe whether or not
they agree with Antoninus.

iTn Tn.

CUlCTK

Silchtste.

ClTepit (Revlmg}.

TmuBdg,

ii.

Cnnd.!!, 22.

Cl«»a,u>,

10.

Woolmer. 10.

B.p«>.

».

Chkhester, 20.

CJkTV

SU«l>r.

CalT«pit.

PoDtibos,

8i.

Suiots, 22.

Londinio,

23.

It.. XIT.

Loodoi., 22.

CrnQera.

Sildi«.ter.

Clf^pit.

Spinis,

15.

ep«M, 15.

15.

Mtld«Dhdl, 15.

TerlacioDe,

15.

11..:, J, 1.^.

An. Soli.,

15.

I>adJi^ 15.

Injwnis,

^^^^^^

B^^^ E.

Abo..,

«.

^^^^^^

bJ^^ 9.

PTOl.KMV AND OF THE ANTOKTNE ITISEHABV.

TRU Siiurnm,

Cncr Went, 9

Tsca Silurum,

Iter XIII.

Caer Leon, 9

Calleva.

Silcfaester.

CaWepit.

Spinis,

15.

Spene, 15

{LoBt Stn.),

15.

I"), 15

Durocornorio,

22.

North Cerney, 22

Glovo.

14.

Gloucester, 14

(o) Nortli Furm between Rftjdou and Wnnboro

ffhere Boman remaioB

hftvc been found.

Iter XV.

Csilevft.

Silchester.

Calrepit.

Vindomi,

15.

St. Leonards hill, 15

Venta Bclg,

21.

Usliot, 21.

Brige,

11.

Alton, 11.

Sorbioduno,

Alreeford. 8

■Vindoolaiiia,

12.

Otterboiirne, 12.

Dnrnovaria,

Nulsballing. 9.

Moriiluno,

36.

Warcbnm, 36.

Isca Damnomorutr

, 15.

Dorchester, 15.

Although I protest against altering Antonine's figures
merely to suit theories, I can see no objection to supply
a seeming omission, when such appears necessary to
explain or make good a total diatanco as stated by him,
which is evidently necessary in Iter XIII. j between Duro-
cornovium and Spinae, and even to alter a total some-
what, if necessary to make it agree with a supplied
omission. Accordingly I think I can explaio a difficulty
and discrepancy in Iter XIV. between the total and the
sura of the separate distances.

Reynolds' " Antoninus " came into my hands about
the same time as " Richard of Cirencester ;" and, after a
careful study of his commentary upon this Iter I agree
with him tliat Verlucio is at Spy Park, Wilts. The dis-
tance from Bath is satisfactory with Antonine's figures;
and what is more, there is a name in connection with that
locality which ia still more satisfactory and in accordance
with the name of Verlucio; for I find on the map the
name, outside the Park on the west, of " Bewley "
Common (to say nothing of " Bowden " Hill and " Bo-
wood" Park), and the Roman road runs through Spy
Park. It seems to me that changing, as we see and
know was constantly done, the V into B, there is not
much difference between Berlucio and Bewley. Perhaps

252 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE " MEASUREMENTS OP

those on the spot can improve upon this hint. But then
this leaves not suflScient distance between Bewley and
Mildenhall for that between Verlucio and Cunetio ; for
the latter cannot be placed further from Bewley than
Mildenhall ; otherwise there will not be sufficient distance
to suit Antonine's figures between Cunetio and Spinad.
Added to this there is a difference in this Iter between
Antonine's total and the sum of his parts — for the sum
of the parts is 98 (XCVJII.) miles ; but the total given is
103 (CIII.), a difference of five miles too many. This
can be readily reconciled by supposing that the number
of XX. miles between Verlucio and Cunetio is a mere
scribe's error for XV. miles, which is in fact the red
distance between them ; and such a mistake could easily
arise by a writer making the second stroke of the V
cross the first stroke a little near the bottom, so as to |}e
taken for X. Thus the Iter would stand, Verlucio—
Cunetione, XV. ; Spinis, XV. ; Calleva, XV. ; and make
the total XCIII. miles — whereas, being stated at OIII.
miles, this distance is easily made by the X before the
CIII. having been omitted — and this would reconcile
what has hitherto been irreconcilable and a crux to
commentators.

Another great point has been made to me, by corres-
pondents, of the statement of Mr. Roach Smith, that
*' Every Station which leads, and every Station which
terminates an Iter, was walled."

Now, I have said (and say still) that Bitterne is not
Clausentum. I, therefore, put these two questions to
any that care to answer : If Bitterne be Clausentum,
where is the walled town for Regnum (which leads
Iter VII.) at 20 miles distance? And if the walled
town of Chichester be Regnum, where is Clausentum at
20 miles distance ? Bitterne is nearly 30 miles.

Richard's Itinerary confirms that I am right in placing
Vindomis at Windsor (or near), and Clausentum at
Woolmer. His last Iter, XVIII., is laid from York,
through the midst of the island, to Clausentum, and a
previous Iter, XV., is laid from London by Clausentum
back to London by Portus Magnus, Dover, and Canter-

TTOLEMy AND OF THE ANTONINE ITINERARY.

253

^on

bnry. In these two Iters the terminus of one and the
turning point of the other are evidentlj intended to be
Southampton, and I strongly suspect that in Richard's
original this was expressed by " Magnus Portus." But
Bertram had been taught by Camden that Southampton
was Clausentum, and so he considered it could not be
Portus Magnus also ; and accordingly he changed Portus
Magnus to Clausentum, and annexed Portus Magnus to
Porchester to suit his theory. But this is by the bye.

I believe I may say that all previous commentators
have held the impression that Vindomis was in Hamp-
shire, or very near it ; and all this arising from Camden
placing Clausentum at Southampton, and they trying
to reconcile Antoninus with that idea. But this Iter
XVIII. of Richard puts another face on it. We need
njjt trouble ourselves with the northern portion of this
Iter, but come down at once to Oxfordshire, and take
' :om it the last portion : —

AliA Castra
Dorocina

Tames i
Viiidorai
Clans en to

Alcester and Bicester.
Dorchester (Oxou).

Henloj-on-Thames.
WinJeor (or new).
Woolmer.

Now we know the places for the two Brat names.
Tamesis may be also safely taken for Henley-on-Thanies,
for in the Ravenna List we had the same name in due
course between London and Chipping Warden. Vin-
domis stands next to Tamesis ; and a line from Dor.
cheater through Henley points exactly to Old Windsor
and Staines, with St. Leonard's Hill on the line. This
is the place at which, in Autouiue's Iter XV"., I place
Vindomis. Antoninus says Venta Belgaruui is 21 miles
from Vindomis, and Clausentum 10 miles from Venta,
and by the Ordnance Map Ushot is 21 miles irom St.
Leonards, and Woolmer is 10 miles from Ushot;
therefore Woolmer must be Clausentum. There are
numbers (probably Bertram's) attached to Richard's
names; but no reliance can be placed on them; for in
his Iter XV. he makes the distance from Vindomis to

254

THE " MEASUREMENTS OP PTOLEMY, ETC.

Clausentum 31 miles, but in his Iter XVIII. he puts the
same at 46 miles.

There can be scarcely any doubt that there was a
Roman settlement at Woolmer, and probably at Black-
moor, the seat of Earl Selborne ; for in addition to the
quantity of coins found in Woolmer Pond in 1741, as
related by Gilbert White in his "Antiquities of Sel-
borne," and near 30,000 coins found on his lordship's
estate some years since, I am informed by him that he
had purchased bronze swords, spearheads, &c., &c.,
which were found just beyond the margin of his estate ;
and he had also found, in various places, other articles,
both of metal work and of pottery, some of the pottery
being prehistoric British, and some of Romano-British
times ; and that there are within his own home grounds
some banks and trenches which he and others have some-
times thought might perhaps be the remains of ancient
earthworks, though he had never been able to make out
a regular plan of them, corresponding with the usual
formation either of Roman or of British encampments
or fortifications. I am, therefore, not without strong
reasons for placing a Roman or Romano-British settle-
ment at Woolmer.

Lastly, I submit the following table of place-names : —

British.

Rohan.

Caer Segont

Ardaoneon

Calleva Attrebatnm

Clausentum

Caer Cusan

Regnum

Caer-Gain

Wentana Civitaa

Caer-Gloa

Glebon Colonia

Caer-Ueri

Corininm

Caer-Cori

DurocorDOvium

Caer Lunden

Londinium

Mida or Miba

NeomaguB

Caer Guent

Uenta Belgarum

Saxon.

English.

Sil-oeaster

Silchester.

CalTopit, Beading.
Blackmoor, Woolmer.

Cissan-oeaster

Chichester.

Wintan-oeaster

Winchester.

Gleavan-ceaster

Gloucester.

Cirencester.

London

North Cernej.
London.

Midan-Burj
XJahot

Midanbury, Bitteme.
Farley Heath, Albnrj.
Ewshot, Cron^all, Hants

Loxwood, Sussex.

SOME NOTES UPON THE AECHITECTUEE OF
OTEHALL, IN THE PAJRISH OF WIVELSFIELD,

SUSSEX.

By RALPtl NEYILL, Esq., F.S.A.

The interestiag timber Iioiise at Oteball datea from the
close of tlie I6th century.

Accident has preserved the vestiges and much of the
actual work of the original, and the loving care of the
present owner has restored it to almost exactly its old
state. Repair would bo a better expression than the
ill-omened word restoration, and a careful inspection
will show all the essential features of the old work still
existing.

The framing was evidently most carefully designed,
and carried out very completely with the best material
picked to suit the design, and there was here no
accommodating of the design to the material in hand, as
is so usual. The inside of the framing was most care-
fully wrought, and the edges chamfered and stopped
elaborately. This latter feature shows well in the
drawing-room, and is unusual to find surviving.

I will briefly describe how much is original and what
are new features.

The outside, except a part on the north side, was
entirely covered with plaster, concealing some of the
windows, and the timbers and the windows of the east
front had been cut out, and later and larger casements
inserted. The marks of the original transoms and
mullions were and are visible, and the original attic
windows still survived.

Ou the south side were no dormers, but the roof
framing for them and marks were found, and they have
been restored to match the others.

256 SOME NOTES UPON THE ARCHITECT[JBE OP OTBHALL.

The small windows on the east front came to light on
removal of the plaster, and were previously unsuspected;
they are good instances of the mania for multipb*cation of
windows that so roused Lord Bacon's wrath. On the
sketch, by Mr. Shirley, in a previous volume of the
Society's Transactions, a triangular piece is shown in
the north gable bearing the letters T M G 1600. This
had been put up in front of the closed attic window, and
from the marks remaining over the window above the
old porch it had evidently been the pediment thereof.
As the mortices of two brackets were also found here the
window was restored as projecting, but is necessarily
somewhat conjectural. The porch below had had a
Georgian door and panelling fitted to it, and no
evidences of the original work remained.

The two doorways that have three lights over, and are
opposite one another in the building, are fitted to the
original marks.

The house was evidently built in two portions, but at
no great distance of time between.

The first part was the east block, consisting of
entrance porch, with stairs opposite, and hall to the
right and kitchen to the left, and an outhouse. Not
long after, the other block was added, the work and
especially the carving being more elaborate.

The stairs were moved to their present position, as
was shown by the framing of the old well-hole, that we
found remaining in the old floor. The entrance was then,
doubtless, by one of the two opposite doors, with a screen
to shut off the hall and staircase. The room at the west
end, now turned into a dining-room, was then made the
kitchen, and a separate building, containing outhouses
and stables, erected where the new wing stands.

There are nice sandstone Tudor fire-places in the
drawing-room and two rooms above. One of these had
been used as the drawing-room, and contains nice oak
panelling and mantelpiece. The other room contains
a good carved mantelpiece, with inlaid initials and date,
T.M.G. 1609, no doubt the date of the panelling and re-
fitting.

SOME NOTES UPON THE AEOHITEOTUBB OP OTEHALL. 257

A stone window on the west side was removed from
the south comer, and the dining-room window is
conjectural.

The corridors, &c., on the south side are additions.

The old oak front door, and panelling and mantels,
except where mentioned, were collected from old houses
at Guildford and Godalming, now pulled down.

In the bedroom over first kitchen a long cupboard at
the side of fire-place had been converted into a con-
venience, the seat of which remained, and emptied down
a brick well, which was cleared from outside through a
rough arch now in the porch. This primitive arrange-
ment was, I think, later than the original house.

Hardly any alteration has been necessary in the plan
or details, and the house therefore presents an unusually
complete example of the smaller country house of the
17th century.

XXSVf* 2 L

NOTES AND QUEEIES.

No. 1.
On the Etymology of ** Rye'^
To the Editor of the " Sussex Archaeological Collections J*

Sir, — In supplementary elucidation of the late Mr. Holloway's attempt
to explain the origin and meaning of the word " Bje,*' I Fentare to offer
the following suggestion : —

An approximately accurate explanation of the name should spon-
taneously — as it were — account for the invariahle • use in old French
chronicles of the forms '^ La Rie " or *' La Rhie " — that is to say, should
account for the word heing feminine in gender as well as being preceded
by the definite article.

These conditions are satisfied by the old French word (a feminine
noun) "la rie," which La Cume De-Sainte-Palaye,* in his large dic-
tionary, defines as '* terre en friche " (land lying waste, a void spot, or
locality) — an accurate description, some few hundred years' since, of
the waste-lying peninsular sand- rock, now the site of Rye; but then
washed and almost surrounded by the sea, and, presumably, anoccnpied.

Edward Adamsok, M.D.,
Rye, August 4th, 1883. Rye.

* " Dictionnaire Historiqae de V Anoien Langage Fraii9ai8," par La Come de«
Sainte-Falaye.

No. 2.

Waimham: Its Church, Monuments, Registers^ and Vicars {VoL

XXXIII., p, 165.)

To the account of Thomas Pittis, M.A., Vicar of Wamham, add the
following: — He was buried at Horsham, 19 April, 1712, as "Mr Petes
Minester of Wamham." Administration of his goods, etc. — in the record
of which he is described as : Thomas Pittis {sic) late Vicar of Wamham
and School Master of Horsham co. Sussex, deceased, — ^was granted in
P.C.C. 10 May 1712 to Thomas Hunt, principal creditor, Frances
Pettis {sic) relict of said deceased first renouncing. On 2 April 1718
another grant was made to Ralph Linfeild a creditor, Thomas Hunt
principal creditor and administrator having deceased without fully
administering.

R. Garrawat Rios.

NOTES AND QUEBIES.

259

No. 3.
Sussex Iron Fire Back.

This illustration is copied from a sketch kindly supplied by Alexander
Nesbitt, Esq., of Oldlands, Uckfield, who in forwarding it described it as
being of a type new to him. Mr. Nesbitt calls attention in tlie same
commnnication to a very good fire back at Mr. Sclater's, at Newick Park,
upon which are, he says, '* the arms of, I think, a Sackville, Knight of
the Garter in the reign of Henry VIII.," and he adds, ** I fancy there
are few as early and as good.

No. 4.
"Btiwftoo,** an ISth Century Drink.

In the instractive '* Diary of a Sussex Tradesman a Hundred Years
Ago," published in Vol. XI. " S. A. C.,** there is the following reference
(p. 188) to this mysterious compound of spirituous liquors : — ** 1756.
April 28th. I went down to Jones*, where we drank one bowl of punch
and two muggs of bumboOy and I came home again in liquor. Oh I with
what horrors does it fill my heart to think I should be guilty of doing so,
and on a Sunday too I Let me once more endeavour, never, no never, to
be guilty of the same again." Subsequent writers have puzzled over this
allusion to '* bumboo," and recently a query has appeared in '* Notes and
Queries" (6th S., xii., 468) as to the meaning of Bumbo Fair, mentioned
in Act IV. of Beaumont and Fletcher's play. Knight of the Burning Pestle,

The Newcastle Society of Antiquaries published in 1882 a volume
entitled *' Northumbrian Minstrelsy — a Collection of the Ballads, Melodies,
and Small-Pipe Tunes of Northumbria," edited by Dr. Collingwood Bruce,
F.S.A. (V.P. Suss. A. S.), and John Stokoe, in which there is the
following reference in a song called " Elsie Marley ": —

'' The pitmen and the keelmen trim,
They drink bumbo made of gin,
And for the dance they do begin
To the tune of « Elsie Marley' honey." (p. 118.)

Frederick E. Sawyer, F.S.A.

260 NOTES AND QUEBIES.

No. 5.
Hayward*e Heath.

The following extract from a commnnication sent by Warden Sergison,
Esq., of Cuckfield Park, will be read with interest : — " I think this copy
of one of my oldest deeds (dated 1859) would be worth inserting in
the ' Sussex Archaeological Collections.* It expluns the deriration
of Hayward's Heath.. I bad it published in the ' Cuckfield Magazine/
because it has been stated that Hayward*s Heath was so called after a
robber who was hanged there in the last century, which is, of course, a
mistake."

Sciant presentes et futuri quod ego Johannes de Hayworthe de
parochia de Cokefeld dedi concessi et hac presenti carta mea confirmaTi
Rogero Somonour de eadem parochia septem acras et dimidiam terre mee
Yocate Stakland jacentes apud Hayworthe inter tenementum quondam
Ade le Somonour ex parte boreali et viam ducentem versus Lewes ex
parte australi et viam ducentem versus Shoreham ex parte occidentali et
terram meam propriam ex parte orientali sicut certe mete et bunde dividunt
et demonstrant. Habendas et tenendas predictas septem acras terre et
dimidiam cum suis pertinenciis predicto Rogero heredibus et assignatis
suis vel cuicumque vendere legare dare vel aliquo alio modo assignare
voluerit tam in egritudine quam in sanitudine libere quiete et in
pace in perpetuum de capitalibus dominis feodi illius per servitia inde
debita et de jure consueta. Reddendo mihi et heredibus meis per annum
pred ictus Rogenis heredes sui vel sui assign a ti unum denarium et unum
obolum videlicet ad feslum Pentecosti ad festum sancti Michaelis et ad
festum Parificationis beate Marie equis porcionibus pro omnibus aliis
servitiis et secularibus demandis salvos mihi et heredibus meis sex
denarios pro herioto et sex denarios pro relevio cum accident. Et ego
vero predictus Johannes heredes mei et assignati mei totam predictam
terram cum omnibus suis pertinenciis predicto Rogero heredibus et
assignatis suis contra omnes gentes warantizabimus in perpetuum. In cujus
rei testimonium huic presenti carte sigillum meum apposui. Hiis testibus
Waltero atte More Willielmo de Wolnor Johanne de Stanford Willielmo
Wordewrygth et multis aliis Datum apud Cokefeld quarto die mensis
Aprilis Anno regni regis Edwardi tertii post conquestum tricesimo
secundo.

Know all men present and to come that I John de Hayworthe of the
parish of Cokefeld have given granted and by this my present charter*
have confirmed unto Roger le Somonour of the same parish seven acres
and a half of my land called Stakland lying at Hayworthe between a
tenement sometime of Adam le Somonour on the north part and a road
leading towards Lewes on the south part and the road leading towards
Shoreham on the west part and my ov?n land on the east part as certain

* " From the time of the Norman Conquest those which we now call Deeds or
WritinRBwere generally called Chartre — Charters. This name was brought into
common use by the Normans, as Ingulf observes/* Madox. Formolare Angli-
canum, iij.

NOTES AND QUEHIES.

261

tea and bonndB divide and show. To have and to hold the said seven
and ft half acres of land with their appurtenancea to the said Roger his
heirs and aaaigns or to whomsoever he may wish to sell wit) give or in any
other manner assign as vrell in sickness as in health freely quietly and in
jicnce for ever of the chief lordsof the fee by the Berrices therefor due and
of right accustomed. He the said Roger his heirs or assigns yielding to
me aod my heirs by the year one penny and one half-penny that is to say
at the feast of PentecoEt at the feast of St. Michael and at the feast of
the Furification of the Blessed Mary in equal portions in respect of all
other services and secular demands saviag to me and my heira sixpence
for heriot and eixpeuce for relief nhen it shall happen. And I the said
John my heirs and assigns will warrant for ever all the said lands with all
its appurtenances to the said Roger his heirs and assigns against all
persDUB. In witness whereof I have put my seal to this present charter.
In the presence of Walter atte More William de Wolnor John do
Btauford William Wordewrygth and many others. Given at Cokefeld on
the fourth day of the month of April in the thirty-second year of the
reign of King Edward the Third after the conquest.

The Iter. Preb, F. J. Mount, when inserting the above in the " Cuck-
field Magazine " for March, 1880, said : — •' 1 am indebted to thn kind-
neaa of Mr. Payne for decyphering the deed, a most difficult task, and
also for the translation. Worth — in old English Weoithe — signifies, I
am told, a farm or homestead ; so that Hoy woithe was probably originally
the homestead of Haye, or Haie, one of the oldest Norman names in
Sussex." It may perhaps be well to remark that Verstegan gives a
totally dififereut derivfltion, observing: — "Wborth or Wbohd, a kyud
of peninsula or land enuyroned almost about with water, not in tliu sea,
but in some river or between two rivers."

No. C.
Jltmoving a SJill Entire.
B following paragraph from the " Antiquarii

^^^Be following paragraph from the " Antiquarian Chronicle," Ac, for
^^H^, 188S, may perhaps be considered curious enough to find a place
In our Notes and Queries : —

" In 1797, a miller at Brighton, in the presence of many thousand
spectators, removed his windmill whole, and literally as he worked her,
with the help of 36 yoke of oxen and a, number of men, from the above
place, across the plains to a brow near Withdean, a distance of more
, than a mile, where he fixed her, without the smallest accident. The
above mill stood to the westward of Brighton, very near the edge of the

I cliff, and had long been complained of as a nuisance, which caused the
removal. The neighbouring farmers accommodated him with their oxen

L for the purpose, gratis."

■i

^^^^B DiKOVery at Edburtoa.

^I^Wnder this title there ia given an account iu Vol. XXXII. of the

II " BusBcx Archaeological Collections," page 230, of a description of a

262 NOTES AND QUERIES.

tablet in the Tmleigh Chapel, Edbnrton Chorchi with some lines upon
it, incomplete through a missing fragment of the tablet. The late Rector
of Edbnrton, the Rev. C. H. Wilkie, after giving the portion of the lines
still left, says : — *' Are they a quotation ? or can anj reader complete
them (not from imagination)." As no one has, so far as I know,
supplied the missing words, I venture to suggest that in all probability
they ran as follows : —

And seeing stones can speake— ane^ tell
both who he was and what lies — buried here
he y' court, city, country life — hath tried
& finding none that pleased, fell — sick & died
he died if dead he can be said-*to be
that knew no life besides E — temitie.

JoHK Sawtsr.

No. 8.
Dedication of New Shoreham Church,

In Dugdale's " Monasticon " (Vol. I., 582) this church is described as
St. Mary de Haurd, and in Vol. XXVII. (p. 78) of our " Collections "
there is a query as to the meaning of this expression. It seems, however,
to be derived from the Latin verb haunre, to pierce, wound, or suffer, and
therefore the dedication is Our Lady of Sorrow (or the Seven Sorrows),
This feast of the Virgin Mary was formally instituted in the jear 1200,
and was observed on July 15th in the old English calendar ('' Brewer's
Dictionary of Miracles," p. 517). It is perhaps more than a mere co-
incidence that a fair is still held at New Shoreham on July 25th, which
would be the eve of Our Lady of SoiroWy new style, and we may therefore
accept this as the true dedication. The dedication formerly assigned
jointly to the Virgin and S. Nicholas probably arises from a confusion of
this church with that of Old Shoreham.

Frbdbriok E. Sawybb.

No. 9.

A List of some Papers in the **ArchcBologia " relating to Sussex.

For the following list of papers in the ** Archaeologia," Vols. I.-XLVII.
inclusive, which it is thought will perhaps be useful to the members of
the S. A. S. for reference, we are indebted to Mr. Comber, Free Library,
Saltley, near Birmingham : —

**Arcb»ologia/' Vol. III.
Aylosse, Sir J. Eng. hist, paintings at Cowdry, Sussex.

Vol. VI.
Pownall, T. Singular stone among the rocks at West Hoadley.

Vol. VIII.
Topham, J. Anc. painting at Cowdray. — App.

NOTES AND QITEBIES. 263

Vol. XVIII.

Lysons, S. Roman villa disc, at Bignor. — Davy, Sir H. Colours on
the walls of a Boman hoase disc, at Bignor. — Letter to the Major, etc.,
of Winchelsea, resp. choice of officers.

Vol. XIX.
Ljsons, S. Roman villa at Bignor.

Vol, XXIII.

Letter to H. Petrie, accompanying drawings of Prior of Lewe's Hos-
telry in St. Olave, Sonthwark. — Townsend, C. Fresco-painting disc, at
Preston, Sossex.

Vol. XXVI.

Phillips, T. Disc, of anc. canoe at North Stoke, Sussex.

Vol. XXVIL
Madden, Sir F. Matrix of the seal of Boxgrave (sic.) Priory, Sussex.

Vol. XXXI.

Harconrt, L. V. Vessels of glass and earthenware, and ornaments
disc, near Chilgrove, Sussex.

Mantell, G. A. Disc, of remains of William de Warren and his wife
Oundrada among ruins of Priory of St. Pancras, Southover, Lewes.-*
Blaauw, W. H. Two leaden chests containing bones of W. de Warren
and his wife Gundrada, founders of Lewes Priory in Sussex, disc. 1845,

Vol. XXXII.

Blaauvr, W. H. Matilda, Queen of Wm. the Conqueror and her
daughter Gundrada.

Vol. XLIL

Fox, A. H. L. Hill Forts of Sussex.

Vol. XLV.
Walcott, M. £. C. Early Statutes of Chichester Cathedral.

Vol. XL VI.
Fox, A. L. Mount Caburn Camp, near Lewes.

No. 10.

Archaeological Discoveries at Freetonville, Brighton,

In the autumn of 1883, and in the spring of 1884, discoveries of Anglo«
Saxon remains were made in some fields adjoining Dyke Road, Brighton,
which appear to indicate that ** the elevated ground lying between Dyke*
road, Stanford-road, Port Hall-road, and the Old Shoreham-road, marks
the site of a Saxon burial ground." The remains, which were of the
normal type, were inspected by several members of the Sussex Archaeo*
logical Society; a detailed account of the ''finds" was inserted in D. fi.
Fnend*s Almanack for 1885, page 166.

264 KOTBS AND QITEBIES.

No. 11.
Editors Notices,

It is intended to issue Yol. XXXY. of the <' Collections *' early in
1887. Members are requested to forward any papers or notes before the
1st September, 1886. Among the papers already promised for this
Yolame is one by Sir George Dackett, Bart., relating to the Glaniac
Priory of St. Pancras, Lewes, which will be of exceptional interest and
Talne.

The " Sussex Domesday '' is now in the hands of onr Members, and it
is proposed that Vol. XXXVI. of onr *' Collections " shall be devoted
solely to matters connected with this work ; the Editor will be glad to
receive all papers and notes relating thereto as early in 1887 as possible.

It has been suggested that the Volume for 1888 shall be Sussex Folk
Lore and Sussex Songs and Music.

Henrt Qriffith,

47, Old Steyne, Brighton.

INDEX TO VOL. XXXIV.

SoTeral of the papers in thiB Volume contain a large number of namea
with which— as being of little general interest apart from their context
— ^it was not thought necessary to encumber the Index. Mention baa
therefore been made of some of the more distinctive or noteworthy;
but those engaged in tracing local names are recommended to search
such papers for instance as that commencing at page 126, in addition to
consulting the Index.

Abernv^nny, Q«OT({e NeTilIe, lord of
(will dftled liSI), buried in the
Priory Church of St. Pancras, Lewes ;
disTOTery (in 1845) of a bull's head
in brasa, port of the heraldic decors-
tion of hw tomb. B6.
ADDmoNAL K0TK8 ON " The Mba-
eiT^EUBNTS or ProLRur and of
THB Antoninr Itinbbabt," by Gor-
don M. HillB (■■ 8. A C." VoJb. XXXI.
■nd XXXII.). by II. K. Napper,
330-361. Disciociion beiweeo the
Revennis and the Iters, 2^ ; details
of UiH great Roman roads crossiriK
Brilain, 230.1'4U: ancii^t map of
Koman Britain pretixud ta Uatotier's
" R ichard of Cirencester"; descrip-
he map, 241, el leq.t the
ivwnnas" catalogue commences
id's End ; succesiiful attpapt to
modem names to some of the
Monlioned, 242 ; Eieler either
existence, or of no importance
ing the Koman occupation of
itain, 243; reasons for supposing
__ rahaltoD marks ibe site of Novio-
'fiis^UB; Thundersfield possibly the
capital of a lerritorv, 244; a Homaii
Tifla near Crondall Church ruthlessly
dMiroyedi importance of Crondall;
origin of the name Ardaoneon and of
Silchesler, 346 ; the name of Onion
used as a surname at Beading
■ 1 o( I ' - ' ■

Keading(fciR^. Henry VIII.>iUidan-
bury camp probably the capital of
the Telrici, 'i4(i: list of British cities
and camps, 347-240; Farley Heath
idttntiiled as the site of (he " Neo-
js" of Ptolemy, 240; Waroe's
-^-nt Dorset " cntkiscd, 349-350 ;
enge to those who hold
3T to be Catleva Attrebalium,
; attempt lo correct Iter

_ id t« rw-onoile a diacrepancy,

SSMt&2i Mr. Roach Smith's theory
aa (o thopoaiUon of walled stations
in the ft*rs; reasons for placing
Claiueutum at Wool mer instead of at
Bittaine, 2&3, el teg. : futile attempts

ixnv.

to reconcile Antoninus wit^ Camden'a
idea that Southampton was CUnsen-
tum, 2uS ; Woolni<'r a Roman settle-
ment: Gilbert White's account of a
find of coins in Woolmer pond : 30,000
coiDH found at Blackmnor, the seat
of Karl Selbome; bronze swords,
t^arheads, pottery, &c., found there
also ; table of place-names, 354.

Aldenihot, Roman coins found at, 34S.

Alt-ar of the Holy Cross in St. Pancraa'
Church, Leweis, gift of a messuage to
(1238), 86.

Amberley Castle, table at, 53, nott.

AwDBft, i. Lkwib, on Subbbi X)o-

NBSTIC ABCUITBCITtmB IN ITB

IltruButB AsPBCTS, 39-60.
Anton, probable site of, of "Mututm-.

tonit,^ 67.
AnioniDe'a Itinerary, necessity for co^

recting distances, SiC-, 261.
ArchaeologiCBl discoTery at Brighton,

263.
" Archaeologia," list of papers in the,

relating 10 Suasei, 263.
Architectuie, Suasex Domeatic, 99-66.
Arda-Oneon, origin of the word. 245,
Abnold, thb Rev. Frrdrrick H.,

LL.B., ON Cawlex the Rsoicidb,

Acuodel and Surrey, effigies of the
Earl and Couotess of (,lemp. Edward
111.), in Chichester Cuihedral, be-
lieved to have been removed from
Lewrs Priory at the Suppre*«ion, 92.

Arundel and Surrey, Richard Pili Alan,
Earl of lob. 1376), and bis Counleee,
their effigies probably in Chichesl«r
Cathedral, 92.

Arundel and Surrey, Richard, third
Earl of, by his will (1376) directs
mass to be raid daily in Lewes
Priory for the Kpobe of his soul, 84.

Arundel, Sir John de (1379). wUls lo be
btiried in the Priory al Lewee, 86.

A^hbumham, J., Esq., lessee of the
Manor of Oving (in IC4&), groom of
the bed-chamber to Charles I. and
Charles II., and M.P. for Hasting*
(1640), 136-189.

2 u

OAWLET.

[ 270 ]

DAPHNB.

OliTer Cromwell all took the Ck)T&-

DaDt upon the same day, 28.
Cawley lamily, the, loDg extinct in

Chichester, 33, note*
Cawley, William (fon of the Beffidde),

petitions (in 1660) to have his father's

estate restored to himself and wife,

87.
Cawley, William, considered to hare

"many titles to be placed at the

head of the Sussex Regicide^," 32.
Cawley, William, one of the M.P/s for

Midhurst; a Commissioner at the

trial of Charles I., 32.
Cawley, William, 6on of the Begicide,

extract from a petition of bis in

1660, 37.
Cawley, John, B.A., son of the Begicide ;

inst-alled Archdeacon of Lincoln

(March 2nd, 1666-7), 33 and note.
"Cawley's Lane," at Rumboldswyke,

27, note.
Champagne, Odo de, son of Stephen

II., Count of Champagne, 6, note,
Chatfield, Maria, a daughter of Cawley

the Regicide, 24.
Chesworth, inventory of goods in 1548,

53, note,
Chichester, bequest to the Mayor of,

**for his table^'" by John Cawley, him-
self ** thrice Mayor of this City " {ob.

1621), 24.
Chichester disgarrisoned by Parliament

(2nd March. 1646). 31.
Chichester, legacy left to the iK)or of, by

John Cawley, Mayor of Chichester

{ob, 1621), 24.
Chichester, the Cawley Almshouse,

acquired by the Mayor and Corpora-
tion {temp. Charles II.), 37.
Chichester, remarkable shop-front at,

with leaden panel (date 1728), 45,

note,
" Chronicle of Bermondsey," quotation

from, 13 and note.
Church Bells in Sussex, large number

cast by the Eldridges, 205, note,
Cicestrians, going to see " the ^ave of

the Regicide," when opened in 1816,

21, note,
Clabk, George. T., on The Castle

OP Lewes. 57-68.
Clarke, Mr. Somers, lun., his ingenious

plan of St. Pancras Church, at Lewes,

78.

Clayton, Chaslbs E.» paper (m
Hanglbton and ns Hisiokt,
167-184.

Clement VIm leaden buUa of, found in
ruins of Lewes Priorr in 1845; sug-
gestion as to its marking sepulclne
of John, the last Earl ci Warenne,
86.

Clerk, the Rev. Geoige Hay, AJf.,82
years Rector of Horsted Keynes
{pb, 1728), 107.

Cleres, Anne of, the patzonage of
Hangleton Church granted to her for
Dfe (1541). 179.

Coat es, good local sandstone houses at,
42.

Coins, find of 30,000 at Blackmoor, the
seat of Earl Selbome, 254.

Conin£fsborough Castle, built by the
De Warrens, 66.

"Coton Aster," see *' Michaelmas
SUver."

Clubmen, the Sussex, 29-31.

Cluni, Chabtebs of the Abbbt of,
more pabticularlt affecting

ITS AFFILIATED PbIOBT OF ST. PaN-

CBA8, AT Lewes. By Sir O. F.
Duckett, Bart, 121-126. Charto-
laries relating to the Abbey of dnni
in the National Library of France, at
Dijon and at M&con ; their import-
ance in relation to the que^^tion
of the parentage of Gundreda,
Countess de Warenne, 121 ; discovery
of the original Confirmation and
Deed of Grant of the Priory of St.
Pancras ; its perfect preservation and
great value ; important position of the
witnesses to the document, 122 and
ibid, notes ; its evidence as to the use
of and significance of Comituea^ 123 ;
lands forming the first foundation of
the Priory part of ttie dower or in-
heritance of Queen Matilda, 124 ; sig-
nificance of the order in which the
witnesses' names are subscribed, ibid. ;
copy of the Foundation Charter,
125; courtesy of the French Am-
bassador (Mons. L. Delisle) ; copy of
his letter, 126.

Crondall Ewshot, probable site of
Venta Beigarum, 245.

Crondall, Roman villa destroyed at,
245.

Daintrey*8, Mr., house at Petworth,
example of herring-bone brickwork
at, 40, note.

Dallaway, his mistake as to the burial

of John Cawley's wife, 22, note.
" Daphne," the, an old-fashioned

CAWLEY.

[269]

CAWLEt.

23; his father's will; burial of John
Cawley; monument; effigy and in-
scriptions; erection of the Cawley
Almshouse by the Regicide ; position
of the building ; its use ; date ; dedi-
cation of the chapel to St. Bartholo-
mew; its consecration by Bishop
Carleton; its present condition, 23-
25; inscription on John Cawley 's
monument added long after his
decease ; mist akes occurring in it, 25 ;
loss of registers of Biehops Carleton,
Montague, Duppa, and King, also of
The Act Books of Dean and Chapter
(from 1618 to 1«60), ibid, notes;
mistake in supposing the Alms-
house to have been built by John
Cawley; origin of the error; illogical
conclusion of Hay, "the inaccurate
historian of Chichester ; "extract from
his History of Chichester; Alms-
house occupied by Parliamentarian
troops at the siege of Chichester;
discovery of skeletons within pre-
cincts of the Almshouse; Cawley
Priory; Wm. Cawley, M.P. for
Chichester, in 1627 ; compounds for*
knighthood (1630), 26 and nofes;
Cawley attached to the Puritan
party ; his estate at Rumboldswyke ;
oak pulpit presented by him to
Rumbolaswyke Church; Cawley
M.P. for Midhurst, 1640; sat for that
borough during the Long Parliament ;
became the intimate friend of Crom-
well on the breaking out of the Civil
War; obtains a commission in the
army ; in 1642 Cawley takes measures
against Col. Goring and the Chiches-
ter Royalists; Chichester declares
for the Parliament ; " Mr William
Cawley" firmly refuses to "listen
to Royal overtures ; " reverses of the
Cavaliers, 27; Royalist rising in
Chichester, cannon from Portsmouth
fleiztd, the City keys taken, the
trained-ban<l8 imprisoned ; news of
the "surprisal" sent by Clawley to
Col. Morley; the Chichester M.P.'s
expelled the House ; the siege of
Chichester; the City taken (Dec
29th, 1642); Cawiey's influence
•• paramount " in Chichester ; takes
the Covenant (June 6th, 1643) with
Selden and Cromwell; appointed a
Commissioner " for demolishing
Bup^'rstitious pictures and monu-
ments in London ; " selected to thank
the divines who preached before
Parliament (Aug. 28th, 1644) "for
their pains in their sermons;"

exerts himself in 1644 to oppose the
Royalists; many fortified houses in
Sussex abolished, 28; Cawley em-
powered to pay " three able preach-
ing ministers in Chichester .£100
a year each out of the estates of the
Dean and Chapter," ibid, note ; rising
of the Sus>ex Clubmen (in 1645) on
Rooke's Hill (the Trundle above
Goodwood) ; history of this " third
party," their badge, arms, leaders,
origin, design, numbers, tactics,
moito; introduction by them of the
word " plunder " into our language ;
Fairfax first employ? and then sup
presses them, 29; Cromwell defeats
them on Hambledon Hill ; the rising
at Winche>ter supprc-^sed by Colonel ,-
Norton. 30 ; curious sermon to Club-
men ; end of the Civil War ; Charles
I. a prisoner; Cawley named as a
Commissioner; he attends the trial
every day, 31; Cawley one of the
59 who signed the King's death-
warrant ; took no prominent part in
the King's execution ; appointed one
of the Council of State m 1650, and
one of the Sequestrators for Sossax;
presents his son John (a Nonconfor-
mist) to the Benefice of Rotherfield^'s^
(1659), 32 ; on the estates of Lord
Craven being sold in 1652 Cawley
purchases the Manor of Wart ling,
tbid, note ; John Cawley- takes epis-
copal orders at the Restoration,
becomes Archdeacon of Lincoln
(in 1666-7), tee note ; kind behaviour
of Bishop King; Cawley elected
M.P. for Chichester (1660) ; sat in the
Convention Parliament; his critical
position ; excepted *' as to life and
property *' from Act of Indemnity,
33 ; not indicted for high treason,
being supposed to have fied beyond
sea ; efforts to discover Cawley ; his
escape to Lausanne ; bis condition in
exile, 34; his death (1666); his
burial ; discovery, of monument at
Vevey, 35; honour paid to Cawley
by the Council of Berne; tradition
as to burial at Chichester, probable
truth of this, ibid, notes; inscrip-
tion on Cawley's monument; rea-
sons for concluding Cawley's re-
mains were brought to Chichester,
36; subsequent history of Cawley's
Almfihouse, 37 ; extract from Act
of Parliament, showing ultimate
settlement of the property, ibid,
note.
Cawley the Regicide, John Selden, and

GUNDEEDA.

[ 272 ] HANGLETOK.

VATI0N8 ON THE PARENTAGE OF

THE Countess, Wife of William,
First Earl of Warrnne and
Surrey. By Sir George F. Duckett,
B&rt., 1-20. Unsatisfactory nature of
the discussion as to the parentage of
Gundreda; Mr. Chester Waters' con-
tribution to the controversy, charac-
terised, 1 ; the modem school of criti-
cism, 2 ; importance of the Clugni
Chartulary in solving the problem
of Gundreda's relationship to the
Conqueror ; infatuation of thos^ who
rely exclusively upon the testimony
of Ordericus Vitahs; his testimony as
to Gundreda's relationship to Gher-
bod, a Fleming ; his gross historical
errors in relation to Gundreda and
William de Warenne ; the craze for
far-fetched theories as to Gundreda's
descent, 3; reasons for supposing
Gundreda fosfer^ister to Gherbod,
4-6 ; the superiority of original docu-
mentary evidence over the testimony
of historians, 6 ; Charters and Records
held to be paramount to Chronicles
and Historians in the Lords' Com-
mitt4}e (re Arundel title and peerage);
Dugdale's contradictory remarks on
Order icus's version of " Soror Gher-
bodi ; " the Brooke and Camden con-
troversy, 7; wild suppositions as
to Queen Matilda; two different
attempts to prove Gundreda related
neither to the Conqueror nor to Queen
Matilda, 8 ; Mr. Stapleton*s illogical
reasoning exposed by Mr. Blaauw;
startling assertions by the author of
the " Life of St. Anselm ; " Gundreda
supposed to be a sister of Richard
Guet, a Monk of Bermondse^y; im-
founded but repeated imputations as
to interpolations in the Conqueror's
Charter relating to the Manor of
Walton in Norfolk, 9; Mr. Waters*
assertion, ibid, note; the monks of
Lewes charged with forgiwj the Con-
firmation deed of their founder;

satisfactory answer to the charge;
summary of the three arguments of
the author of "St. Anaelm's Life** in
disproof of Gundreda's ]:>arentage,
10; the "god-mother" and **cwl-
daughter** theory examined, 11 (and
notes). Relationship of Gundreda to
the Conqueror and Matilda proved by
the evidence cited to disproye it, 12;
Canonical consanguinity violated by
William and Matilda, would extend
to Gundreda ; the ** Chronicle of Ber-
monds^y" quotation relating to
Richard Guet, 13 (and note); error
in the "Chronicle of Bermondsey"
corrected by William de Prefcton. in
1363 ; he shows that the Countess of
Warenne was his '*Lady" under
whom he held his inheritance ; par-
ticulars of this inheritance and of
the service by which it was held.
Confusion of the name of **Goet''
with " Ooel" 14; theories as to
William de Warenne having had a
second wife (a daughter of William
Gouet) considered ; doubtful authen-
ticity of the passage in the Ely
Register asserting this, 15; Gun-
dreda said never to have been a
Countess, this assertion disproved;
William de Warenne a Count prior to
his creation as an English Earl ; Dug-
dale's repudiation of the story in the
Ely B^g\8ier (ibid, notes) ; reasons for
requiring special confirmation of the
discovery of a second Countess de
Warenne; evidences in the Con-
queror's Charter, the Register of
the Priory, and in the Epitaph on
Gundreda's tomb at Lewes, 15-17;
Dr. Sykes' observations, 18-20; dis-
covery of the original deed of gift
and its confirmation, 19 (note),

Gussage, see Vindocladia,

Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester, assists
at the dedication of the Church of St.
Pancras at Lewes, 74.

" Ilall,'* ihQ, at Rotherfield, 47.

IIanoleton and its History. By
Charles E. Clayton, 167-184. Posi-
tion of Hangleton; its early history
and etymologj^ 167; mention of
Hangleton in Domesday, and of the
manor of " Benfields." 168; area of
present parish compared with that
given in Domesday; descent of the

manor, 169; absence of romantic
features in the history of Hangleton
Place ; Sir Philip Sidney dies, seized
of the manor (ir)86); the Belling-
liams, tlioir pedigree, arms, connec-
tion of Edward Bellingham with
Inquisition at Steyning (m 1561) for
the "exocucion of ye Statute of
apparell for mens wifes;" Richard

HANGLETON.

[ 273 ]

INOOIDESBY.

BellinghAin contributes v£25 by way
of lo»n for defpnw of the country
AguDst Snun {IbSS) i extracts from
the NewtunherrpKUttfrB ; description
of n«ii(tli<toQ PUca as originally
biiilt, 171 i pfOAont condition ot tlie
housu; ounous verwon of Ihe TeD
Comniandmeiits carved udod screen,
173 i arehitectwal details ; richly-
moulded ceiling, with arms of ihe
Bellinghanis, Scraces, Jfet^. : msmorisl
brassfromWeslBlatchington Church,
17S: soma account of the Scrace
family: present ownership of the
Manor of Hangleton, 174 ; reference
tothe manorin a Chancery tnut(fi-nip.
ElizalKiTh); dispute as to i>ayment nf
the common fine0602),17Bi ihe De
BBHcfeld family ; Ihe Covert family.
1T5-176; dHHtruction of hunlinc seat
of the Covertd, 176; the Church
situation, dedication, coR'litlon,
gonuments, 177i grave of Dr.
raealy: no mention of Hangleton
Domewlay, 178; references to
ingletoa Church in a Charter
>m SiSrid, 11 ; in Taxation
Pope Nicholas; Inquisi'iones
Nonanim (I3S0); Talor ETcctesiasti-
CUB (1636): the patronage-, 179;
singular charge again«t " Jlenry
Shales, parson of Hangletonne"
L-(lll83): counter-charge agdnst Tlio-
^'"TM Onderdonne, ftc. ; eoelesiaslical
_Mlditimi of the parish in 1R(M) and
^721. 180 1 description of the parson-
t destmction of the purHonage

;riaii Registers, 181
rniurns ; Ihe churchyard ground

" full of l)one« lip to the top," yet

the Bveracu population small, ISS;

lislot Incumtx-nts, 183-181; list of

Field-namfs, IS\.
Hangleton, suggested derivation from

Angle-tun, ir>8.
BaaRletou, fourteen Tarious wnys of

spelling Ihe name of. 1G7.
Utngielon. silt' of Itoman villa marked

on Ordnanw Map of, ibiJ,

lOgle Ion, indications cit the exti^nsive

— >wtli ot flax and hemp at, in 1369,

el»toa Chinch, cuiious niche in,

Hangleton Church, not mentioned in

Domesday, Ciid.
Hangleton Church, patronage of

granted lo Thomas Cromwell, Earl

of Essex, in 1537,179.
Harvey, Dr., a contemporary of William

Cawley, his remain*, "lapt in lead,"

36, note.
Haslerig, Sir Arthur, engaged in the

caplure of Chichester (in 1642). 81.
Hasiinga, tlie battle of. >«« "Senlac."
Hastings, tliatched roofs prohibited at,

in 161S. 42, nole.
Ilayward Heath. an early dued relating

to, copy and translation, 260-261.
Heather. II.. a daughter ot Cawley the

Hegieide. 2i.
Hcnloy-oo-Thames, site of Tame»i», S63.
Ilopa, W. H. St- John. MJi.. F.8.A.,

ON THB ARCHITBCTtlBAl. HlSTOBY
OF THB CLENIAC PrIOBT Of St-

Panpeas at Lkweh. 71, 106.
Home (or Tbunderfleld) Castle, an im-

IKirtant moated and forlilted Roman

position near Horley Station, 244.
" Horsham slates." reason for abandon-

ing the use of. 42.
Horsham. Manor Houm, ornamental

lead rain-water head with initials

and date at. 45, note.

HOHBTKD KkYNFB, firSSBX, MOWU-
MBNTAI. INSCHIPTIOSB yjlOM THK

CiimcH 01'. Compiled bv Oranville
LevesonGower, F.8..<.,10t-II4. Me*
miirials to Ihe Rev George Hay Clerk,
A.M. (32 yea--e Rector, ob. 1729);
Alexander Dalmahoy, Esq. (ol Lou-
don). 107 : Mrs. Sapliira Lightmaker,
sister to Archbishop Leighton. curious
epitaph. 100; memorials to the Pigott
family. 109, rf «?. ,- Bev. John Wood j
Archbishop Utghron (ob. 1884). 110-
Rii BIlis Oeigblon. Knight ("b. 18S4);
Rev. Robwt Wethnrall {oi. 1779);
Bev. Ralf^Clulton, Rector (o*. 17fll>i
Rev. Ralph autton (his son), Rpclor
(ob. 1772}: Harry Uorley (ob. 1660);
Thomas Awcock (ob. 1736). ftclll;
members of theWyatt family. 112, «<
>eq. ! Mary Lnrford (ob. 1699), 113.
HoRSTFD Ertkbs. Br Bess. T&i
PiHiHH Bbotstbbh. Bxtbacts
FROM. BTGramille l^veson Gower,
F.S.A.. 1]4-120. ChristeninRB (from
I63fl to 1792). 1U.110; Marriagea
(I638-I7ri0\ 119.117; Burials (IttSS-
1813), 117-130.

fldcaby, Colonel, one of the C9 who signed llie dnatli Tt

It of Charles I., 32.
2 K

JUTTT.

[274]

LBWXS.

Jutty, the, reference to in Macbeth^ 40, note.

Kneller, Sir Godfrey, married the granddaughter of Cawtey the Begicideb 83; mte.

Laxman, William, by his will (1374)
desires to be buried "before the
imaffe of the Crucifix" in St. Pan-
eras Church, Lewes, 86 and note.

Leighton, Robert, Archbishop of Glas-
gow (fib. 1684), inscription on altar
tomb in Church of Horsted Keynes,
110.

Leper Hospital, near Chichester, en-
dowed by Bishop Seffrid with lands
at Col worth, 198.

Lewes, Annals of, 73.

Lbwbs,thb Architectural History
OP the Cluniac Priory op St.
Pancras, at. By W. H. St. John
Hope, M.A., P.8.A., 71-106. The
history clearly set forth by the
founder ; history of first and second
Charters, 71 ; extract from the foun-
dation Charter by William de
Warenne, 72-73; later history of
Priory remarkably scanty ; sources of
information ; difficulty of telling
when Lewes is referred to ; the
church and conventual buildings
separately described; the documen-
tary evidence relates principally to
the church, 73; successive enlarge-
ments of the monastery still trace-
able ; first church of the Priory built
of stone to replace wooden one;
founder^s churcn probably rebuilt
or enlarged by the second Earl
Warenne ; probable date ; second en-
largement of the church by the third
Earl, 74 ; indefinite reconls ; bequest
(in 1268) towards " finishing the two
towers in the front of the church ; "
suppression of the Priory (1537) ; the
site granted to Thomas Cromwell;
destruction of the church by " John
Portinari ; " value of his letter in de-
termining size of church, 75 ; copy
of letter, 76; complete demolition
of church ; discoveries in 1845; bones

of William de Warenne and his wife

found; Mr. Lower's description of

discovery of graves, fou" »«».

tiles, &c., 77-78 ; gromid plan by Mr.
J. L. Parsons; msoovenes br Mr.
John Blaker; Mr. Somera Clarke's
plan of entire church; Portinari's
measurements, 78; discovery of a
corona of apsidal chapels; position
of the sacristy and of the high altar;
difficulty of harmonizing conflicting
descriptions, 79 ; the " ryghte aide {*
the transept; the nave; the piers,
&c., 80; the arches formed as in
Chichester Cathedral ; nave and choir
originally covered with a flat wooden
ceiling; height and position of
'^stepil" or tower; its base still
preserved; the ruins distorted and
burnt, illustrating Portinari's account
of the methods of destruction em-
ployed, 81 ; description of ground
plan of the church; beauty of the
eastern part of it; the length
identical with that of Lich£ld
Cathedral; gradual growth of the
building; its narrowness; reasons
for this, 82; probable proportions of
the church; the cloisters oblong;
comparison with other Norman
churches, 83 ; extension of the
Mother Church of Cluny; selected
probably as a model for Lewes ; the
dedication of the enlarged Church
of St. Pancras; reconsecration of
" the Chapel of the Blessed Mary."
probably at Lewes; proof of the
existence of a Chapel of Our Lady
at Lewes in 1375, and of a Chapel of
St. Thomas the Martyr, 84 ; various
references to the Church of St. Pan-
cras; what was meant by the
♦* front " of the church ; the altars in
the church; a Lewes miracle in 1260,
85; records of burials of distinguished
persons in the Church of St. Pancras,
86-87 and notes; French epitaph on
John, seventh Earl de Warenne ; the
conventual buildings not hitherto
systenr 'lescribed, 87; the

site undsrmf tSi as at

LEWES.

[ 276 ]

3 Abbev; genenl urangonient

of a Cluniac ikimus ; dauHmm (cloi»i>
tert) ; oafiitulum (clmpUir Iiouw) ;
eaie/actorium i di/nmtormm, ftc. ; re-
/ectarium ^tnbir) ■. ovt/uina reffularit
(tvfpjlBr kitvhen); aomut iiifirmo-
rvm ; almonry; gue«t liuuBr'a ;
tMkt>r]> : bTHWery ; aUbiintf, Ac, 88 ;
the prior's lodging, tbnpe anU sizn of
Ihectniaters; Ibv eeilarium ; datu uf
tha enUrgement of Iha cloiBt*r8, 89 ;
the oliapti-r house, ita aiie and dimcn-
8ion«: tlieetlrsordinary collecliun of
inteimeata discovered in 16ib; the
cistaCDDtainiDgTtie bonea of William
de Waieuae and Oundrsda ; iotcrip-
tion ou the stone over (be founder's
grave, 90; inscrJiition oD Oundrada's
tomb; remainaot' aprior ; part of hJe
cowl pKnerved; akelelon of^a gigantic
maD; case coDtaiDing human vis-

mi-nla by Binol'e Ump. Henry VIII.,
81 and aolesi auotalioa fruui Dalla-
Tray aa lo emgiea iu Chichra'er
Cathedral ; dlmenaioiie of ibe cliapl^r
bouao : how the space wa» probably
utiliaed, iiS 1 aslyiie; Uie ute of the
talffaelfrium I d!meDBioD& of Ibe
dormitorium I the ihmus nrrsMarur;
S3; the gteat dra<u. and Iliu abburd
■loriaa it has f(iven rise to ; the ru-
feclorv dimensions; discovery of a
door loading into the undercroft ;
cveful preservation of tlie same, M ;
a mysterious lunni;]. and its prosaic
USD, i)6 ; the buttresses used to sup-

Srt Ihit kitchen luft, the kilclitn
elf swept away j Sir Wiiliam
Burretl'a measursmeDts of the oven,
ftc. (1772); none of the cellarers
buttdinga left alwve ground ; a tv\f
tragmenla of tlio inllrmary remain ;
documHUtary rer»rtMice& to Ibe in-
firmary : gradual enlarsement of the
vliole conventual buildings (circa
1146}; details, 9G; dimensions of a
new building of two ttorieft, tlio
unwr ODC, the dormitory, larger tliaii
lUge dormitory at I'aolerliury; ''
labia enlargement of the chaptiT
_», kc, ST-KS; buttttwing the
Ith end of the buildings ; a curious
dn formedof sculptured alone; the
.lehouse; the arches standing until
..da century; south jambof the great
■Jrdi ttill m tUu, ^ : description of
the plans; further excavations deair-
able, 100; Iranacripl from William
in Warenne'a Second Cbirler, 10i>-
lOi; extract Irom Charter of Wiliiani,
Mcond Earl of Warenne, 1M-10<J;

^^^jrcAal
^■fioth

extract from Charter of William.lhird
Karl of Wareone, 105; erani of the
site ol LewpH Piiory to Lord Crom-
well, I0a.l06.

Le'wes, ihu Battle of, 67, note.

LsKKB, THB CABit-B OF. Bj Georgo
T. Clark, 67-U8. Lewes claimed as
a Celtic name, but on insufflcieot
grouodsi British cntreDchmenla and
tumuli in the neighbourhood ; the
Church of St. John "iixb Castro;"
probably occupies a Roman entrench-
ment ; Lewes fitted by nature for a
fortifledplace,&Tioo traces of British
occupation; the existing earthwork
of one dale and Saxon ; mode of
defence adopted, 58i tbe.^urAof the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ; pecaiitrity
of the two mounds with a common
court j believed to be (he most com-
plete example of twin mouD'ls extant,
an unique example on so grand a
scale, and with each mound converted
into a liurh ; airateglcal reaaona (or
fortifying both mounds; mu»t have
bton lielil by a powerful tribe, and
converlfd into a Castle by a very
great Baron ; co m men c meet ot its
lien lustor)': the foundatioQ of

the Lewes silver jienny, a recognised
coin t population in the reign of the
Confessor ; no mention ot the Caaile
in Domesday; William de Warrea
fortifies it with masonry; bis and
hia aon's work still traceable, 60 :
detailed description of the Castte i
the southern mound ; the bat«ment
laid upon the ground ; defects ot this
method of construction ; the curtain
walls; the Brackmount; remains,
probably, of a shell of masonry there,
eO: remains, possibly, of a postern;
the ntain entrance; barbican, Gl ;
portcullis; machiolations ; rare in-
ternal wall; lurrets, drawbridge
(sill of), 62; details of interior of
Castle, 63 ; comparatively modem
ad'iitions to structure ; baulk ot
timber used asatie; retDuns of vast
fire-place and chimney ; lean-lo roofs
to lodgings in the keep; open court
iu centre; no remains above ground
of hall, chapel, garrison, &c. ; no
well known of; a Norman vault, ita
pmbabh) uie ; the building maieriala
uwd iu the conetrucFion of the
Castle; means ot delfrminiiig boun-
daries of the wall of the enceinte
where destroyed ; rarity of shell
keeiia of Kormao masonry, Inteieal

LEWES.

[ 276 ]

NAPPEft.

of Lewes Ctstle on this acootmt,
and in coneequenoe of the preserva-
tion of the original eDt ranee, 65; j
laoda in Lewes belonging to the '
EarU Warren before ttie Conquest;
reasons for the special importance of
Lewes; the first Earl, William of
Warren, 66; the second Earl of
Warren; subbequent owners of the
Castle; the fortifications of Lewes;
the Ordnance Survey, 67; manors
attached to Lewes Castle, 68.

LBWES CASTLB, bomb SUPPLSIOBN-

TABY Notes on. By Somers Clarke,
jun., F.S.A., 69-70. Description of
excavations ; references to plan.

Lewes Castle, excavations made at, in
1884,69.

Lewes Castle, peculiar loops in the
turrets, 62.

Lewes Castle, the barbican reputed to
be the work of John de Warren
(Plantagenet), 8th Earl (Jtemp, Ed. L),
63.

Lewes Castle, and Castle Acre, in
Norfolk, compared, 59 et 8eq,

Lewes Castle, no mention of in Domes-
day, 59.

Lewes Priory, the oven at, 96 and
note,

Lewes, its population in the time of
the Confessor, 59.

Lewes, the town of, walled as early
as 1305, 67.

Lewes, quotation by Dngdale of the

inscription upon William de War

renne's tomb, from the Missing

with *'Fere God" inscribed on

it, 56.
Lewes, "a subterranean^ passage *' at,

94.
Lewes, ^ a mysterious tunnel " at, 95.
Lewes, Medieval miracle at, 85.
Lewes Priory, early Charters relating

to, preserved at the Record Ofllce,

4, note.
Lewes Priory, list of extant charters

given by Dugdale not exhaustive, 4.
Lewes Priory, existing remains built of

chalk, 42.
Lewes Priory, enormous cruciform

dove-cot at, 48, note.
Liber Eliensis, the, extract from, 15.
Lightmaker, Mr. Edward, of Broad-
hurst, presents Communion plate to

Church of Horsted Keynes (in

1705). 118, note.
Love, Mr. Nicholas, a friend of Cawley

the Refficide, 81.
Lower, Mr. M. A., his description of

the discoveries at Lewes (1845), 77,

etseg,
Ltu'gasnall, inner hood to chimney

corner at '* The Noah's Ark " at, 48.

Mailing, foundation of a CJollege at, by
Ceadwall, King of Wessex, 59.

Manning, the Historian of Surrey,
on the Grundreda controversy, 13,

et sea,
•• Medalina," an old-fashioned flower

still found in Sussex gardens, 46.
Mellent, Earl of, see Robert de BeUo-

monte.
Meulent, Count de, 122, note,
"Michaelmas Silver," flourishing in

Sussex gardens, probably brought

from Pennsylvania or Ontario in the

17th century, 46.
Midhurst, cunous half-timbered house

at, 40, note.

" Monasticon," the, error in last edition,
86, note,

Moore, Mr. Giles, "Minester of ye
Fish »' of Horsted Keynes (o*. 1679) ;
a Sussex Diarist, record of the
burial of, 117.

Mortimer, Roger de, one of the wit-
nesses to the original Confirmation
and Deed of Gift of Lewes Priory,
122 and note,

Moryson, Richard. Was he '^Jobn
Portinari?'' 75.

" Mutuantonis," Lewes claimed as the
probable site of ; reasons for dis-
puting this claim, 57.

Mutuantonis, see Anton,

Nappeb, H. P., ON A BninsH Sbttlk-

MENT BETWEEN LiNDFIELD AND

HoBSTBP Keynes, 237-288; and on

Additional Notes on "The Msa-

6UBEMENT8 OF PtOLEMY AND OF

THE Antonine Itinehasy." fiy

27?

■Oorfon M. HillB, Esq, ("S .A. C.," i
nXl., 58 »nd 7S; XX3II., 216),

"Neoicagiu," see Farley Heath.
Hbvill. Raij»b,F.S.A.,"Somb Notes ;

OPOH TDK ABCHITBCT0BK OF OTK-
HALL, IN THE PARISH OF WlVKLS-

rncLP, SuesKX." 266-2S7.
Hew ShorehBm, see MorcAam.
Ninaveh hoiUH, Arundel, built of ctistk

f«cad with Bint, 43. I

NiuUeld, iMOiu iiiBcriptioii an b house i

B(. 66. ,

KomiRnrsullbeneatbMr, Lucu'tioLue I

at Iiewes, G5. .

NorUin. Sir Gregory, oceof tiie M.P.'s

for Uidbunt, one of tbe Cammi»-

eioDsrs at Uie tnal of Cbules I.,
32.

Notes and Qukeibs, 2S8-264.— 1.
Ktjmoloaj'of Byi-.^iiie. 2, Wimhiin;
its ChurcTi, &c., -ibS. S. Su»a«z IroQ
Viie Back, a&O. 4. "flumboo," an
]8tb CuDtury drink, ibid. G. Hay-
■nard's Uealh, 260-^1. 6. Removing
B Mill Kntire, 261. 7. Discovery at
£(1 burton, I'AiVi. 6. Dedication of New
Shoreliam Church, '26'2. S). A List of
Home Papers in the " Aichaeologia"
relating ioSaiaa,i6id, 10. Arcliaeo-
logioal DiscoTeriOB at Preatouvilla,
Brigliion, 203. 11. Editor'fc Notice,
StM.

Hoviamagu«, Ke Oanhatton.

OBiTCAar, we Ri-porl.
Old Sarum.Bee Soihiudunnm.
OrdericuB Vitalis, his uurelialility aa

an bialorical authority, 3.
Ordericufr Vitalia, paaMge in, relating

to William de WatciuiB and Oun-

dreda, 5-0 and nute.
Otkhau, ii» iBK Parish of Wivkls-

FIBLD, SVSaRX (SOMIS NOTBH UI'ON

THR AncHiTECTVHB oFi. By Italph
Novill, K.S.A., 205-7. House dates
from close of lOlh century ijudiduus
rutoration ; timber framing carefully
designed and wrought, 255; descrip-
tion ol the orimnaT and of Ibu new
featuresi initials and datt^s on gable
and Tudor Hre-placea; Oteliall a
complete example of a small 17th
century country house, 2^6-7.

OVIHO, A UlSTOBV OF TBB PAKIBH

OF. By iheEoT. H. M.Davey, M.A„
F.a.8., Vicar, \%^2li. Boundaries
of the parish ; area and retital, IH6 ;

g])iulaiiun: derivation of Ihc name
ving : no specific mention of in
Domesday ; the manor co-e»I*asive
with ll)e parish <wiib eomti excep-
tions), IS6; present annual value of
property in tbt^ pariBli belonging lo
the KccletiaBlical Lommitsioneis;
the office of Frecenlor nf Chichesler
Cathedral when eslabliehed by Baiph
I, (l(K)l-II2a), endowed with manor,
&,t., of (Jving ; details of endowment
in I8U ; the Precentorship, value in
1278; do. in 1635, 187 ; the Chantry
of S. Pantaleon fee paid to )be
Cbaplwn of tbe Chantry at the altar

_.Oli Parliamentary iSurvey of Oving

'*■- , ftc, (lM9)i leaaeee of the

manor, &c., from lIHfl, 188 H Hf. ;
the ancient Prebrndal House; the
JUlHon family, IS^iexiracts from the
Corporation Act Book ; do. from tbe
Parish Rasters; IWetKq.; tba
Prrccntorahip of Uring once worth
£\,mi per annum, now merely
honorary, 182; the Prebendal Ki>iat«
of Colworlh, 192-193 ; the Prebendal
SsUle of Woodborn, 183-196; Port-
field, 106-1U7; the BeneHcoof Oving,
1U7-1W); Oving aiurcb, Us date,
Testoralion, ila urgent need of restor-
ing, 200;the gallery of Oving Church
with its grind organ ; discovery of
tbe old altar slab, and its replace-
ment on the s])ot it had occupied for
330 years previously; particulars
of allar slabs in tbe neigbbourinR
churches of Tancmeie, Singleton, and
Westdean; email aize of the altar
fllone at Oving, indicating its belong-
ing lo a siiie-altai or chapel; no
traces of remains of chapel, 201 1
mention of a cbaptl in a document
<d8ie 1445); bequests to Oving
Church lor mainininiug the Rood
light and Beam light ; dedicalion of
Cliurcb not known, 202 ; dimensions
of (be Church ; tbe Kcgisfeis ; di»<
pule as lo pews (in 1670), 203;
sundry extracts from Registers, 204-
SOb; tbe bells, 205 and tiotet; tbe
lablelB, memorial of Thomas Cart
ivb. 16S^). aconforming Vicar:mo-
moriai of awonderful cbiJd,Ac., 206;
the Churchyard, 207 ; memorial win-
dows, 2U7-21KI ; I he Communion plate ;

OVDTO.

[ 278 ]

BTEOATS.

of gebertnu beqmits dedaied Toid
UD&T Statutes of If ortnuin ; SchooU,
211; iDcambents of Oring (list of
from 12^ to present time); Pib-
oentors, list of (from 1 120 to 1820),
212; Plecentors (HoDoraiy), 213;
list of names oocurring in parish
Begi&ters from 1561-1600, 213-214.
Oring, probably parcel of the Great

Manor of Aldingbotonet in Saxon
times, 186.

Oring Cburcb, erected circa 1220,
fotmdations of a Norman Church
discovered in 1881, during the res-
toration, 200.

Oring Cliurch, probably dedicated to
the Holy Trinity, 202.

Pancraa, St, wooden church in honour
of, at Lewes, 74.

Pancras, 8t., Church of, at Lewes,
dedicated by Bishop Balph of Ciur
Chester, &c., 74.

Pantaleon, St., Martyr, Patron Saint of .
Physicians, the Chantry of, in C^i- '
Chester Cathedral, 188.

" Parget " work not common in Sussex,
40.

Parham Houfie, built of chalk faced
with 6tone, 42.

Parsons, J. L., bis services to Archaeo-
logy in making ground plan of dis-
coveries at Lewes (1845), 78.

Patching, Mr. E. C, discovery of bronze
celts by, at Worthing, 216 and note,

Peckbam, Elizabeth, a daughter of
Cawley the Regicide, lesacv to, 24.

Pelham, Peregrine, one of the Com-
missioners at the trial of Charles I.,
82.

Petworth, Moor Farm at, beautiful

chimney-piece (date 1580), 49.
Petworth, quaint wooden pigeon^onse

at Burton Mill, near, 48.
••Plunder," the word first used in

England by the •• Sussex CSubmen,*

29.
Ponygg, Robert Lord de, possessed of

the Manor of ••Hangilton" in 1412,

169.
Portinari, John, his letter to Thomas

Oomwell, 76.
Preston, William de, arranged Book of

Charters of the Abbey of Bermondsey

in 1363, 14 and note.
Prior, the Rev. W. F., information as to

the burial place of Cawley the Regi-
cide, 35, note.
Priory of St. Pancras, at Lewes, situated

on an island, 88 and note.
Pulborough, f ann at, arranged in French

fashion, 4i3.

QusBiBS, 8ee " Notes and Queries."

Ralph, Bishop of C^hichester, dedicates

the Church of St. Pancras at Lewes,

74.
Reynolds' •' Antoninus," his location of

Verlucio at Spy Park, Wilts, 251.
•* Richard of CJirenceater," why held in

slight esteem as an authority, 240.
Roffey, external staircase to house at,

46.
Roman Britain, ancient map of, by

Carolus Bertramus, dedicated to Dr.

Stukeley, 1755, 241.
Roman plHce-names, table of, 254.
Rooke's Hill see St. Module HiU, and

the Ttundle.
Bowkeshill (see RocMi Hill), ** divers

outrageous proceedings of 1,000 Club-
men there '^ in 1645, 30.
Rufus, Wm., sWled comes in the Confip-

mation and Deed of Grant of Lewes

Priory, 122.
Rule, Martin, M.A., quotation from his

•* Life and Times of St. Anselm," 4,

et. eegu
Rumboldswyke, legacy left to the poor

of, by John Cawley, Mayor of

Chichester (o5. 1621), 24.
Rusper, external staircase to a house in

Friday Street at, 46.
Rye, its etymology, 268.
Ryegate Castle, u)rmerly belonffinff to

the De Warrens, 66.

ST. ANDREW S

[ 279 ]

8t, Andrew's Church, Chichester, monu-
ment, to John CawlBy, fathar of the
Begicide, 24.

fit, Anseljo'e letler to Henry I„ S, tt.*eq.

St Anwlm, Archbishop of C«iiiMbury,
extttKTt from his letter to Henry I.,

St. John, Dame Joan, buried in the

Chapel of St. Mary, in Lewes Priory,

1386, S(S.
SI-. John, Sir Edward, hurieil in the

Chapel of St. Martin, in Lewei lYiury,

1341. ibid.
Bt. Martin'6 Church, at Vnvcy, the

buHal place of Cawley, BrouijIilOD,

Love, an<I Ludlow, 36 and nott.
St. Pancraa, Church of, at Lewes, the

aame length aa LichAeld Cathedral,

a2.
St. Roche's Hill, see the TVundle,
Saxon plac^nameB, table of, 264.
Scotch windows in 1773. 46, tiote.
Scnsoe, Richard (oA. 141)0), huriud at

Weat Blatohington Church ; Vslet to

the Crown (temp. Ed. IV.). probably

fueutiaued in t^e Cowfold Church-

wardens' Accounts, 174.
Bekford, medieval chimney-piece at the

Plough Inn. 49.
" Stnlao." the battle of, so called instead

of " Haslings ' on the sole authority

of OrdericuB Vitatis, 3.
Shafte&bury, whi-n young, originated

the "Suwex Clubrot>n.'' 29.
Sbates, Henry, parson of Hangleton

(168!), ciirioua charges against, 17Ei.
Shoreham (N«w), dedication of Church

at, 262.
Silchester, its curious position, in

midRt of (he Roman Viaa, but not a

Slaui;liaiii Place, circular ovens for
CO II foe I i '.II" ry at, 48, nnte.

Smilii, Mr Roach, his statement that
"Rverv Slalioii which Ifads. and
every Station which Icrmiualvs an
Il«r, was walled," coiuidorec). 35^

Sorbiodunum, given in Wame's
"AneieDl Dorset * ad the site of Old
Sarum, 2fi().

StapIetoD, Ur., coo'rihution to Ih
"Arohioologicftl Journal "on the Qui
dreda conifoversy, 0.

Slapley, Anthony, M.P. for Sussex
(county), one of the Commisaionerb
at the trial of Charles L, 32.

Stopham Manor House, two^toried
porch at, 44.

Stnidwicke, Alice, adaugbtefot Cawley
the Regicide, S4.

Sussex, a Jutish setlled county, G7.

Sussex Iron Fire Back. 259.

SuHsei, the Visitation of, by Benolle,
temp. Henry VIII., roles from, 61.

Sussex men, seven, took part aa Com'
' I the trial of Charles I.,

32.

Si'HHKx Domestic AncsnKcrxms in
ITS HcMDUXB Aspects. By J. Lewis
Andrd, 39-66. Art in maoaiosa of
the nobility foreign, but Enclish in
dwellings of the middle and lower
classes; timber erections in fotcst
districta gradually succeeded by
brick or stone, 39 ; limber uaod in
Roman villas; construction of "hall-
timbered" houses; "herring-bone"
brickwork : jutties, Shakespeats's
allusion to (.tee note) : houses with
projecting stOT^vs, example of at
Petwortb, 40; Continental timber-
framing more decorated than EUig-
liah; weather-tiling, why required:
use of woo<l in Suawx; Iron and
glass worka, a cause of scarcity of
timber (Act to restrain cutting of
timber for (f lass-making, in 16S4,
lee note) ; bricks at flret uted for
chimneys : ancient bricks different in
»i»e and sh^pe. and differently laid ;
revival of the oUj fsubiiin : bricks of
the old pattern used in the new Law
Courts 41 ; the brickwork al Laugh-
ton Placf, ibid, note ; Sussex houses
of sandstone, chalk, and stone ; roofs
of "Horsham slates;" oak riiinRles
and tilpe, 42 (and na/«i); carved
barse-hoards:hippiNl-^blee;sleppe^
gables; "Susnes Chimneys," 43;
various examples of chimneys ud
chimney abafts at Hnr'ham, Bodlam
Cast !«. and Slangliam Place; porcbea;
door-waya and doors, 44; windowa,
wooden sashe>s hung sasboa; curiotui
esampleof 17tli-a!ntury ones at West
flrinsttiad: ornamental 'lead castings;
oritd windows, examples of at ITor-
aham, Pittlewonh, and Rardham, 46
(ami mrfM): ahnlters; external at«p-
cases; IT(h-ceulurvgBrdms;fBnla>-
tic yew and holly trees; poplari,

SUSSEX.

[ 280 ]

WAE.

their uae as landmarks; rustic
scrapers, 46; stone footways and
fences; moated and double-moated
farm-houses; fish ponds; holly and
yew, their antiseptic properties ;
Tarious forms of farmhouses, ex-
amples of at Wamham and Kother-
field, 47; yews, why planted in
churchyards, ibid, note ; arrangement
of farm-buildings ; the doTe-cot ;
f arm-kitohens ; chimney-comers, open
to the sky or covered with an inner
hood ; settles ; ovens, 48 (and notes) ;
Sussex iron fire-backs ; andirons,
brackets ; chimney-pieces at Seaford,
Roffuy, East Maskells, Uck field, and
Petwortb, 49 (and notes) ; stairs ;
staircases, burglar-proof ones, ex-
amples of, at East Maskells, Lindfield,
Broadhurst, Horsted Keynes ; thin
plastering on inside walls, example
at Ck)wdray House ; panelling with
** linen-fold" decoration, 50 (and
notes) ; panelled room with ara-
be^aues and carved cornices ; panel-
work " a tenant's fixture ; " inner
doors ; hinges ; stone " dumb por-
ters ; '* stop-chamfered beams, 51 ;

arrangement of boards in old floors,
ibid, note; farm and town houses
compared ; beautiful 18th-century
iron work at Lindfield ; dispersion of
quaint old furniture by auction sales;
" bulbous-legged " tables ; ** joined
stools;" carved chairs very few in
number; dressers; cabinets with
secret drawers, 63; "four-posters"
or " bedsteddles ; ** valances ; quilts ;
coffers, or chests; rushlights, 64;
servants sleeping at foot of bed;
chests mentioned in early wills, ibid,
notes; directions for making rush-
lights ; rush-holders; fondness of our
ancestors for ornamenting articles of
furniture; use of pious mottoes on
articles of domestic use ; samplers,
55; antiquity of the sentiments
worked on some of these samplers,
56.

Sydlesham, legacy left to the poor of,
by John Cawley (ob, 1621), 24.

Sydney, Algernon, governor of Chi-
chester, 31.

Sykes, Dr., his contribution to " Notes
and Queries" on the Gundreda con-
troversy, 18, et seq.

Tamesis, see Henley-or^Thames,

Terra-cott« extensively used for orna-
mental work in ancient Sussex archi-
tecture, 41.

Temple, James, M.P. for Bramber, one
of the Commissioners at the trial of
Charles I., 32.

Temple, James, one of the Sequestrators
for Sussex, ihid.

Threshing with the flail, why still used,
48.

Thundersfield, mentioned by Kemble as

a place where the Gemot was held,

244.
Tillington, two-storied porch at, 44.
Tillington, good sandstone houses at,

42.
"Trimmen's" (near Paxhill), curious

specimen of dove-cot at, 48, note.
Trundle, the (above Goodwood), called

also Rooke 8 or St. Roche's Hill, 29.

Valerianus, small silver coins of, foimd

at Hangleton, 167.
Verlucio. see Spy Pari; Wilts,
Vevey, St. Martin's Church, at, the

burial-place of Cawley, Broughton,

Love, and Ludlow, 36.
Vindocladia, given in Wame's "Ancient

Dorset " as the site of Cfussage, 260.
Vindomis, see Windsor,

Walkelin, Bisho]) of Winchester, assists
at the dedication of the Church of
St. Pancras at Lewes, 74.

Walton in Norfolk, the manor of, given

to the monks of St. Pancras by
William the Conqueror, 16 and note.
War, Earl De la, present owner of
Lewes (^tle, 67.

^^H [ 231 ] ^^^^1

^TTMnlism, ils pliurch. tec, 258.

bear arms ; not related to tbe White^^^

WmrTi.-n. Uii^ KatU of, lords of three

of "Nordiamand Winchelsea : '* the

Kngliah cmiIsa dating from b period

Whites of Bignor, Wamham, Cow-

long before file Normwi ConqueM,

fold. Wooldringfotd. Ac, 129; alli-

IW.

aacea with SuMux and ot her familiea,

W»feniw, Alicia, widow of tha aiilb

130; extracts from Parish ReRisiers,

Earl of, barieil Mora tbe Ugh alinr

130-134 and notet ; exiracis from tha

M Lew** Friory. 1^55,87.

" Gentleman's Magazine." 131-6 ;

WarwD, WiDiHTii, tbe wcond Eiirl (o6.

Monumental inscriplionsin Cowfold,

1135), fliii£lie<l the Norman dt-fences

Croydon, Horsham, Stej-ning. Warn-

of I^wea. 67.

WarenncMaud. B-.-uond wita of William.

&c., 135-138 and nolts: Absteacts

fiflh Kwl of. "buried in the midat

OP Wlixs of Samuel White, of Hot-

of the Quire in Ihe Abbey of Lewea

sham (proTed 1627). 138; Kichard

before tho Uigh Altar." 1240, 87.

White, of Hornham (proved 16*1),

Vuenne. John, ihe lai.t E&rl of (ob.

ibid.! Richard White. Ihe elder, of

ISil), [irobablo diKorery of hi^ lomb

'■ SreaningP " (proTud 1649-9) ;
Matthew Wbile, ol Horsham (proved

in tbe Cburch of St. Pancraa at

Lewea, 66 and note.

1666): Mary While, of St^yning

Sum-y by William Eufus. 1087, 16.
Warenne. Wlltiam de. extract from the

of Matthew White (granled 1869-70),
140; Abstract of the wiU of John

Begifcler of Lewes Priory, 17, twfe.

Higgenbottom, of Horsham (1680);

TTarenne. Sir William de, buried at

Administration of William Withen

(granted 108l).iaiif.,- Adtoini^tration

Canterburj- in 1286, 87 and no/A
WarLne. Earl of, created Earl of Surrey

by William Rufu^, 66.

wUls of Matthew White, of Horsham

Warwick, Earl of, eee Benrs/ de Belto-

(proved 1703). HM42 and nota:
of Richard White, of "Steyninge"

mmte.

Waters, Mr Gietter, his contributions

(proved 1703), 142-143; of Thomaa
White, of Shipl--y. dated 1717). 143:
of Robert Alchome. of the parish of

to the " Archie ological Journal " on

the Oundreda controversy, 1. ef seq.

West GHnstead, priesi'a hidins-plara

St. Mary. Newington Bulls, Surrey
(proved 1717.18); of Robert Michell.
ot Petersfield. in the Couniy of

aota; of Jane White, of Croydon

over fln>-place. 4S-9, note.

Whitk, Thb Family or, or Hon-

SHAH. STKVNtNO. ShIPUIT, AND

COWPOLD, Co. SlTMRS. OP MfH?HAM,

Cboti>on, and Kb I o ate, Co. Sra-

(proved 1731-2) ; Walter Bantelot,
of Stopham (proved 1743-4) : Jane

BRT, AND OP LONUON, WITH PBDI-

OBKK. By 1(. Garraway Rice, 127-

Wliite. latfl of Ilorsliain (proved

1746), 145: of William White, of

Horsham (dalpd 1768). 146-47; of

Upwardfl of 300 years: "Hydierd
Wbyto the el-ier-' (fib. 1551). pro-

John Heathfleld. of Croydon (proved
1776) ; of tha Rev. Thomas White, of

gemior of ihe family ; his son Bichard
(o4. l620)"anancitniHowaboulder''

Faccombe, in Ihe County of Soatb-

amplon (proved 178«): of William
White, of Cowfold (|)roved 1802).

i<A. JfliO), founder of Ihe fortunes of

tbe family a ■■ bUcksmilb." I27;bia

147-48. Abstraitts of AKD Bx- 1

1 Km Bichard nned for neglecting to
^^^ke up hit kDighthood (nrai 1^) :

TRACTS FBou Wills is which M

MBMBBB9 OF THE WHITII FAMILY ^

^^BwSteptng branch of tlie family,
^Hntr. Richard White, Altaumy."

OP Horsham ahr mkntiosrd. Ex- H

tract from the will of John Grom- ^1

^^■nbkUy last male of that branch,
^^HHtd ia SteyniiiBChurch, 1703: tbe
^^^■ndan branch i Thomas While, of

bridge, the elder, of Horsham (proved ^1

1G21), 148; Abatracta of the will H

of Frances Nash, of Horsham (proved ^H

^^^■wnham, • sequnstralor of Iho

1650-1), ibid.: of Matthew Tajlor. of ■

St. Mary, Newington Butts, Surrey H

^^H| Km Thomaf, U.F. for Har»ham

ftirored 1673), MSViO; of Thomaa H
Brett, CO. Sussex (prove.1 I6ftj>), 151 j H

^^^UnKbiafalliBT'ihr.'liin^-: hi» seal.
^^^■j the Whilea of Uorsliam did not

of WilUamPellatt.of London (proved H

^^■cnv.

■

WHITE.

[ 282 ]

TOEK.

1700), ti^tti; extract from the will of
Daniel Wight^ of London (proTed
1704), ihid, ; abstract of the will of
QeoTgQ Arnold, of Horsham (proved
1722), 152 and note : extract from
the will of Grace Filewood, of West-
minster a>royed 1738), 152^ and
notea, Mkmobanda bbspectino
THE Family of Whitb of Hob-
sham, 153-159; list of those who
served as Churchwardens from 1615-
89; as Surveyors of the Highways
from 1618-42; as Overseers of the
School from 1635-1694, page 153;
extracts from the ChurchwardenflT
Accounts of Horsham, from 1610-
1700, 154-55; from the Poor-rate,
Assessment, &c., 155-59; Pedigree of
the White Family, 160-66.
White, the Bev. Thomas, LL.B., Bector
of Faccombe ipb, 1788), poetical
epitaph upon tomb of, 136.

WlLLINGDON, Co. SUSSBX, InSCSIP-
TIONS TS THE CHUBCHYABD OF,
TRANSCBIBBD BY AJLFBED BIDLBY

Bax (May, 1884), 221-236.
Windsor, supposed site of Vindomias
252.

WOBTHINO, AN ACCOUNT OP

DiSCOVBBY OF BOMAN BbmAINS

ON THB East Chbbswood Estate
IN 1881. By Alexander Jam^
Fenton, 215-220. Destruction of
Boman pottery by workmen, 215;
discovery of cinerary urns, Samian
ware, and of a sinele defaced brass
coin ; position of the find ; near site
where an urn containing bronze celts
was formerly discovered (see note) ;
probable existence of a Boman road
leading to Cissbury Camp, 216; dis-
covery of coins of Diocletian and
Constantine near site of find, 1826-8 ;
and of funeral vessels ; presumptive
evidence of there havmg been a
laijge number of interments in the
neighbourhood ; discovery of ums
and skeletons at Cissbury, 217; de-
scription of ums, &:c, found at
Worthing,in 1881,217-220; discovery
of fragments of moulded Boman
bricks, &c, on Chanctonbury, iind,
Wyatt, Francis, Esq., of Tremans,
Horsted Keynes {ob. 1723), for
description of his house see 118,
note.

Tork, the Duke of (afterwards James
II.), granted William Cawley's

estates when the Begidde
attainted, 36.

was

!■■

3 bios om T«l«l aM2

WBBWfVmMMt

/
/

6918R?