Presented to the
LIBRARY of the
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
PROFESSOR
S. NAGATA
SWAHILI-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
BY
A. C MADAN, M.A.
STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD
OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1903
HENRY FROWDE, M.A.
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK
Dcpt. of Anthropology
THIS Dictionary is an attempt to bring together in a con-
venient form materials for the study of the language most
widely known throughout East and Central Africa, and to
combine them in the light of a long, though in various ways
limited, experience.
It would be more accurately described as an annotated
vocabulary of the dialect of Swahili commonly spoken in
Zanzibar city. It cannot lay claim to the formal completeness,
especially in the treatment of verbs, which attaches to the idea
of a dictionary, and it deals with a dialect which in respect
of a large number of words is distinguished by the Swahilis
themselves from the Swahili dialect of the coast. It is based
on the lists of words, singularly accurate and relatively com-
plete in themselves, furnished by Bishop Steere's Handbook
of Swahili and scattered throughout his collections and trans-
lations, and on Krapfs Dictionary of Swahili works issued
more than twenty years ago. Later sources have also been
drawn upon, especially Pere Sacleux's Dictionnairc fran<;ais-
swahili, 1891, and the ever-increasing volume of Swahili litera-
ture (chiefly documents, letters, stories and poetry) due to the
industry and scientific enthusiasm of German colonists and
scholars. No work, however, at s (1903) which
attempts the same object as the present. It was beyond the
scope of Bishop Steere's plan to supply more than full I
words. As to Krapfs monumental work, it may be
enough to express a h< pe that it will never be re
remains in ie to every student of Swahili, and has the
iv PREFACE
permanent value and charm of genuine philological pioneer
work by an .honest and able researcher. It deals almost entirely
with the dialect of Swahili used at Mombasa, and revision might
make it more practically useful by the removal of inaccuracies
and repetitions, and by modifying 1 the spelling and arrange-
ment, but such treatment would be analogous to re-writing
Schliemann's Troy or Livingstone's Journals. The many first-
hand explanations and examples are too precious, however, to be
left unused, and it is especially on these that the present Editor
has ventured freely to draw.
As to the use made of these and other materials, this
Dictionary makes no claim to be encyclopaedic, or to include
more than the commoner technical terms of arts, crafts and
commerce, or to represent fully the flora or fauna of Zanzibar.
Like other dictionaries, it presupposes an elementary acquaint-
ance with the grammar of the dialect dealt with, in this case
a very simple one. But (apart from imperfections due to
ignorance or oversight) it will probably be found to provide
sufficiently for the ordinary wants of officials, missionaries,
travellers, teachers and translators, especially when used in
connexion with the English- Swahili Dictionary (also published
by the Oxford University Press, second edition, 1901) by the
same Editor.
Reasons for attempting to provide a Dictionary of this kind
may be briefly stated. The common language of Zanzibar
has hitherto been the best known and most widely useful
form of Swahili. And Swahili is still by far the most im-
portant member of the Bantu family of language, i. e. of the
solid block of dialects, closely related among themselves and
clearly differentiated from all others, which are spoken through-
out about a third of the African continent, i. e. over nearly the
whole of it from Nigeria and the Soudan on the north to the
Hottentot region on the extreme south. Hence Swahili has
been ranked not unreasonably among the twelve most important
PREFACE v
languages of the modern world, and the position of Zanzibar as
till lately the undisputed commercial capital and chief political
power of Eastern and Central Africa has determined the form
of Swahili still most useful as the key to that entire region.
It is not necessary to enlarge on its characteristics, but one
special feature of it may be more fully referred to here.
The term Swahili represents, ethnologically as well as lin-
guistically, the mixture of African and Arab elements on the
East Coast of Africa. The proportions of the mixture in the
race and the language vary indefinably, but its main character-
istic is constant, viz. that the language remains always African.
and by African in this connexion is meant Bantu in all its
leading grammatical and phonetic features, however largely
Arabic, and in a small degree other foreign elements figure in
its vocabulary. How largely they figure appears in this book.
The Editor is not well acquainted with Arabic, Hindustani, or
indeed other dialects of Bantu, but he has made an attempt to
discriminate between the Bantu and foreign element throughout.
All words believed to be of non-Bantu origin are marked with
an asterisk (*). Such words are mostly Arabic, or introduced
through Arabic channels, and an Arabic scholar could no doubt
add considerably to the number. As it is, a glance will show
the numerical importance of the foreign element. A close study
is needed to realize its full significance, to detect it (often
strangely disguised) in all stages of phonetic and even gram-
matical assimilation, and to recognize its subtle power of permea-
tion, even to the absolute displacement of some of the commonest
Bantu words, and almost a monopoly of the connectives of
and sentences except in the simplest relations, and to unfold its
.uince as a record of successive invasions of Arab
infiuc-ncc, warlike and peaceful, to which the East coast has
for centuries subjected. Here two or three results may
cd briefly. The Arabic element is so large and
trating as i ic of the Swahili dialect
vi PREFACE
for the purposes of comparison with other dialects of Bantu,
simply from the displacement of Bantu roots elsewhere general.
On the other hand, the very opportunity and power of assimila-
tion is and has proved to be a most valuable one. It enables
the African to draw on the rich resources of the Arabic vocabu-
lary for the expression or better expression of new ideas, while
providing an easy, and as it were, natural channel for the ger-
minant seeds of culture, taste, and enlightenment of all kinds,
wherever Swahili penetrates throughout the continent. There
is a third consideration of practical importance. Bantu, and
especially Swahili, is easy to pronounce and even to represent
in writing with the ordinary alphabet, and the tendency of
Swahili is to make Arabic also easy to pronounce and even (in
a degree) to spell.
As to the always difficult subject of spelling and transcription
of a language only lately reduced to writing, the present Editor
is content to adopt generally the remarks made by Bishop Steere
(in his Handbook, at the end of the Introduction and in the
chapter on the alphabet), corroborated as they are in principle
by Professor Max Miiller in his little-known Introduction to
the Outline Dictionary for Students of Language by John
Bellows (now long out of print). He would also avow his own
tendency to Bantize rather than Arabize, i. e. to simplify rather
than refine upon Arabic sounds uncongenial to the African,
so far as their representation in writing is concerned. There
seems no ground for deliberately contributing to their perpetua-
tion. The principle just referred to is, that it is a practical
necessity in the transcription of languages to indicate sounds,
not depict them, and that for this purpose the ordinary English
alphabet should be used with as few modifications as possible.
Happily in Swahili there are no sounds commonly heard which
are not sufficiently indicated by Roman characters. The only
real difficulty is one inherent in all phonetic transliteration,
viz, actual or supposed differences in the pronunciation of the
PREFACE vii
same word, whether locally or by individuals, and consequent
impossibility of a spelling both accurate and uniform. Such
differences are partly natural and universal, few individuals
pronouncing the same word in exactly the same way. I:i
Swahili they are aggravated by the disturbing effect of Arabic,
leading to strange but common transpositions of vowels and
inversions of consonants in the effort of the African to imitate
or assimilate its difficult characteristic sounds, and also by
varying dialectic tendencies among the Africans themselves.
English achieves uniformity of spelling by resigning all pretence
to phonetic accuracy. In Swahili phonetic exactness at present
would make uniform spelling impossible. Hence in this
Dictionary, words will be found given in various forms, repre-
senting the word as heard by different and differently qualified
transcribers. The consequence may be sometimes baffling, but
seems unavoidable.
Only students need attend to the brief notes appended in
brackets to many of the articles. They are mainly meant to
supply hints for further study, by bringing together under each
word, others which seem to throw light upon it as to origin or
meaning especially cognate words from the same root, words
worth noting from similarity of form, synonyms in the wide sense
of similar in general or in a special meaning, also
illustrative by contrast and opposed meaning. There are but
few notes on life and customs, 4 nzibar. The fact appears
to be that under the outward forms of a purely Mohammedan
regime, only modified on the surface as yet by European
civilization, and slightly disturbed in its depths by the leaven of
Christianity, there exists a medley of tribal customs and
itions, as varied ing as tin p j ul.iti<>n itself,
which do not admit of disentanglement on the spot, and could
only be profitably s D the places from which they arc
fed.
For Arabic words Steingass' Diet: been (
viii PREFACE
relied on, and Palmer's and Tien's Grammars. As to the mani-
fold imperfections of this book, competent critics may be trusted
to recognize and perhaps to allow for them. Every one who
has experience of Zanzibar will find words which seem wrongly
inserted or omitted. The prefaces of Johnson and Murray
catalogue the difficulties which beset more or less the making
of even a small dictionary of any language. The lexicographer
is no doubt rightly defined as a drudge, but perhaps doubtfully
as ' a harmless drudge.' The present Editor knows the Swahili
of Zanzibar well enough to know that he does not know it well.
But his work may (it is hoped) help others to know it as well
and better.
A. C. MADAN.
OXFORD, Jitly, 1903.
INTRODUCTION
TO THE USE OF THIS DICTIONARY
To find words and ascertain their meanings in a dictionary
too limited in size to allow a full enumeration of either, attention
is needed to the following directions.
i. To find words.
All Swahili verbs, many nouns and adjectives, and some
particles vary at the beginning, and will not commonly be found
under the letter (sound) which comes first. As a rule, verbs
and adjectives are to be looked for under the first letter of the
root, and nouns under the form of the singular number. The
variable formative elements, as distinct from the radical, are
called in this Dictionary prefixes (pfx.), an( * for convenience
is often arbitrarily used to include infix, and a;
suffix. Prefixes are usually agglutinative elements, but some
have a limited use as independent words. A glance at the
Tabular Consj>cctus of the noun and \X'rb which folio-
Introduction will be practically suliicirnt, with a knowledge of
ments of the simple Swahili Grammar, to enable the root
to be distinguished. Thus :
(a) A Noun beginning with wa-, mi- t : /-, ;/>-, m*i-, which
are common plural prefixes, may be looked for HIM
ponding singular form.
Obs. The declension of each noun (which colours gram-
.lly the \\hule of a Swahili .-. : - as a rule shown l>y
x INTRODUCTION
placing immediately after it the plural prefix in brackets. This
method sufficiently distinguishes declensions i to 5. Declen-
sion 6 does not change in the plural, and is shown by the
absence of a prefix following, or by ( ). Nouns of declension 8
should be looked for under the letter following ku, i. e. the verb
from which they are in almost all cases formed. The declen-
sions are commonly referred to as D i (S), i.e. First Declension
Singular Number, D i (P),i.e. First Declension Plural Number,
D 2 (S), D 2 (P), and so on.
(d) An adjective beginning with any one of the common
adjectival prefixes (see Conspectus II (c)) may be looked for
under the letter (sound) following it. Variable adjectives are
written with a (-) before the root, e.g. -ema, and the more
important variations of forms 'corresponding to different declen-
sions are appended to each.
(c) Conspectus I both illustrates the difficulty of finding the
root of a Swahili verb and also supplies a key. Combinations
of any of the six classes of prefix, which may precede a root,
must be recognized and removed, and then the letter following
will be the first letter of the root.
2. To ascertain meanings.
Nouns and verb-stems are so readily developed from a
root in Swahili, by a regular and almost mechanical process,
i. e. by the use of certain prefixes, that it is impossible to give
more than a selection -from them. Their meaning may, how-
ever, be gathered as a rule from the known meaning of tH
prefix, and the root when recognized will usually be found
independently or in some cognate word. The rarer the com-
bination, the more certain the meaning to be simply the normal
meanings of root and prefix combined.
(a) The commonest formative noun-prefixes are M- (Mw-},
Ki- (Ch-\ U- (W-\ at the beginning of a word, often with a
variable but significant ending, -o, -ji, or -zi. The characteristic
INTRODUCTION xi
force of each of these elements may be gathered from the
notes on them in their places in this Dictionary.
(3) The Swahili verb-root is capable of such a rich and
varied development in the form of additional verb-stems, each
with its complement of conjugations, moods, tenses, &c., that
only a few have been fully treated in this Dictionary, hardly any
completely. Shades of meaning are so numerous and their
differences so delicate, that appropriate renderings in English
suited to each particular case have to be left very largely to the
student's appreciation of each form separately. Only examples
and suggestions can be given within reasonable limits of space.
But the following considerations may enable him better to infer
for himself the meaning of verb-forms not stated under the verb
itself. And if he is still inclined to complain of vagueness and
inadequacy in their interpretation, it may be remembered that
language unwritten (like Swahili) is the speech of a living
person, and so carries its own simultaneous commentary of
look, gesture, and tone, as well as sound appealing thus to
four senses in sympathetic and intelligent relation to the speaker,
and not only to the eye interpreting a written character. The
full meaning of any written statement has at best often to be
guessed, and a Swahili, if he writes, writes as he speaks, assuming
a hearer and not a reader.
Subject only to the limitations imposed by common
(i. c. by the meaning of the root itself) and common usage, all
Swahili verbs may exhibit, beside (i) a simple or primary form
>even derived forms, here called (2) Applied (Ap.), (3)
^.), (4) Reciprocal (Rp.), (5) Rcversive (Rv.). (6)
Stativc (St.), (7) Reflexive (Rf.), and (8) Reduplicated (i
each (under the above limit c, Passive, and
Neuter Voices, and Positive and Negative Conjugations, and
eacli of them with its cot; of Moods, Tenses,
1 . nouns and adjectives, beside an in<i .umber
xii INTRODUCTION
of other forms or stems formed by combinations of those just
enumerated.
The characteristics by which each main form may be recog-
nized, and the chief meanings of each, from which choice must
be made, are briefly as follows :
1. Primary (Pr.), in which the root is followed by a, the
simplest form of the verb and conveying its simplest meaning,
but generally capable of both transitive and intransitive con-
struction. (Obs. verbs of non-Bantu origin may end also
in -u, and -i.)
(a) The Passive Voice in this (and in all the verb-forms follow-
mg)is distinguished by w before the final vowel, and (d) the Neuter
by k (ik, ek}. The Neuter has three common uses, indicating
(i) the same as the passive, but with less definite reference to
any agent or instrument, (2) what is usual, (3) what is practic-
able, e.g. njia hii yaendeka may mean (i) this road is as a
fact passed over, (2) this road is a regular thoroughfare, (3)
this road is passable, open, safe. Obs. meaning (3) is also
regularly indicated by -kana, for ka, e. g. yaendekana, i. e. a
combination of the Neuter and Reciprocal forms (see below, 4).
2. Applied (Ap.), in which i or e is inserted between the
root and final a, and choice has to be made among all the
meanings usually expressed in English by a preposition following
a verb, e. g. from, to, at, by, with, in, out of, for, against, about,
&c. Only the sympathetic interpretation referred to above
can determine the choice rightly in many cases. Obs. the
Passive of the Ap. form is often used as the Passive of the Pr.
form.
3. Causal (Cs.), in which z (sh, s, and sometimes y] is
inserted between the root and final a. The meaning conveyed
is (i) Causal, (2) Intensive or Emphatic. But the Causal
sense includes at least six varieties of causation, needing often
delicate discrimination and totally different translation, according
INTRODUCTION xiii
as it is (i) simple, a causing to do (or be), (2) compuls;
forcing to do, (3) permissive, allowing to do, (4) suasive, inducing
to do, (5) passive, not interfering with doing, (6) consequential,
resulting in (tending to) doing.
4. Reciprocal (Rp.), in which an is inserted before the final
a. Here again the form expresses several distinct aspects of
common action, e.g. (i) reciprocal, e.g. pigana^ 'give and
return blows' action and reaction, (2) connected action, e.g.
tokana na, * come out of,' fuatana na, ' follow,' (3) combined
(mutual, joint) action, e.g. endana, ' all go together/ liana, 'cry
together,' (4) interaction, of what affects all parts or different
parts of the same single object, e. g. shikana, ( hold together, be
compact (firm),' kazana, ' be tight, be pressed together,' (5) in
connexion with the Neuter sign ka (see above), -kana indicates
commonly what is practicable, possible, probable, &c., e. g. one-
kana, 'be visible, be within the range of vision, come into
sight.'
5. Reflexive (Rf.), in which the syllable ji is prefixed to the
root itself. The many shades of meaning thus conveyed may
be gathered from the article on// in the Dictionary.
6. Reduplicated (Rd.), in which a verb-stem is repeated twice
and used as a single stem to indicate emphasis, frequency, or
continuance, e.g. piga piga, ' beat soundly,' or ' keep on beating.'
;. Rcversive (Rv.), in which u (sometimes o) is inserted
between the root and final a, indicating the reverse of the simple
Pr. form, but also (when the general n ientical) sometimes
the same. Cf. pinda and pindua, kama and kamua, zima and
8. Stative (St.), in which am is inserted before the final ,;.
indicating a <1 state or permanent condition. It
occurs also combine- 1 with an, i.e. -,iman. u kc shika-
mj>. in its place.
xiv INTRODUCTION
Of the above forms, the four first (Pr., Ap., Cs, Rp.) are given
under almost every verb, Rf. and Rd. only occasionally, while
Rv. and Rs. are treated as separate verbs in this Dictionary
Combinations of them are to be found under a few verbs,
e. g. penda, piga, toa^funga, ona, &c. The brief enumerations
t given shows the difficulty of complete treatment of the
Swahili verb, and it must never be inferred that because a verb-
form is not to be found in this Dictionary it does not exist, and
cannot be readily employed.
XV
o 9<itj3unCqns
.
B
(BUOSJ9J
i
uv puv p*tn
/r
o Kjyoi
j ! <4
- i *^TK
*y u^m. t4"**)
pnn tf ft tsnfoi -ft
t*4f . .r^poo/f'9fp
sV't"U //*<">/
XVI
II. CONSPECTUS OF
Illustrating the nsual Prefixes which distinguish the various Declensions
and Numbers, and also the chief Verbal and Adjectival Prefixes and Pronoun
Forms corresponding to each. There is no distinction of Gender in Swahili
Nouns.
DECLEN-
SION.
NOUN-
PREFIX.
ROOT.
ADJECTIVAL
PREFIX.
PRONOUN.
VERBAL PREFIX.
1.
2.
()
Sing, m
Plur. wa
e.g.(a,b)m\.
(*)
(e.g.) tu
(thing)
u,person,(c)m
Ml
m, mw
wa, w
wema, good, (c
(4
huyu, yule
hawa, wao
huyu, this, (e
(e)
ist. and. 3rd.
Sing. Subj. ni, u, a
Obi. ni, ku, m
Plur. Subj. tu, m, wa
Obj. tu, wa, wa
1 ampenda, he loves him.
Sing, m
Plur. mi
e.g. (a,
(e.g.) ti
(tree)
V) mti, tree, (c}
m t mw
mi, m
mdogo, smalt
huu, ule
hii, ile
\ (d) huu, Mw,
Sin *- s $i.}~"
"""*$.}>. i
(e) waota, it grows.
3.
Sing, ki
Plur. vi
e.g. (a, f>) ki
(^.)tu
(thing)
tu, thing, (c) k
ki, ch
vi, vy
izuri, pretty, (c
hiki, kile
hivi, vile
1) hiki, this, (e]
^^}ki,ch
Plu "- s Sj.} "
chapendeza, it pleases.
4.
Sing-, u, w
Plur. ny
e.g. (a, b) ui
(e.g.) imbo
(song)
mbo, jow^-, (c)
m, mw
n (with
euphonic
variants)
mbaya, bad, (c,
huu, ule
hizi, zile
huu, //// j, (e)
Si " f ' S oj.}. w
p ""-- s 'ttj.\ -
wachukiza, // disgusts.
XV11
(ZANZIBAR) SWAHILI NOUN
the usual Declension of living beings, 2, of plants. Diminutives belong
to 3, Amplificatives to 5, Abstracts mostly to 4, Foreign words to 6, and in
some cases 5, 7 is Local only, and 8, Verbal. The (so-called) Possessive
Adjectives and a few others follow the Pronominal Prefixes.
5.
7.
8.
NODS-
PREFIX.
Sin?. -
Ptur. ma
ROOT.
(*)
(e.g) kasha
(frx)
ADJECTIVAL
PREFIX.
to
ma, m
PRONOUN.
hili. lilR
haya, yale
VERBAL PREFIX.
'. (a, b) kasha, box, (c) kubwa, large, (d) hili, tkit, (e) latosha, it suffices.
Plur.
(work)
(w/M
euphonic
variants)
hii, ile
hizi, rile
e.g. (a, 6) kazi, wort, (c) ngumn, hard, (d) hii, MM, it) yachoaha, it wearies.
Sin/-.
Ptur.-
mahali pa, p
(only tun it
in this
declension.)
: (a, b) mahali, place, (c) pembaroba,
hapa, pale
Sing. Subj.
Sing.
Itur.
(^.) kufa
(.dying)
ko, kw
haku, kale
Plur.
, (d) huku, this, (e) kwatifiwa,
ABBREVIATIONS
EASILY recognized abbreviations are used for the common grammatical
names of parts of speech and their varieties-conjugations, moods, tenses &c.
The eight Declensions given in Conspectus II are distinguished
D i GS) i.e. First Declension Singular Number, D I (P), i.e. First
Declension Plural Number, D * (S), D a (P}> D 3 (S), and so on.
The eight principal forms of verb-stem are distinguished as Pr
or Simple, A P . Applied, O. Causal, */. Reciprocal, St Sta ive, **.
Reversive, Vf Reflexive, JW. Reduplicated. A. denotes Passive, ^rf.
Active, JW. Neuter, Pos. Positive, Neg. Negative.
Pfx Prefix, includes (for convenience) infix, suffix, and affix-
formative element being often medial or final as well as initial.
Kr Krapf, Sac. Sacleux, S/n Steere, the principal authorities relied upor
throughout are only cited in connexion with particular words or statements
Thf chief languages referred to are : B. Bantu, Ar. or Arab. Arabic, Swa.
Swahili, Z. Zanzibar, Hind. Hindustani, Ar,. Parian, A, French A*
English, <*n. German, Port. Portuguese. Obs. ^*, and not .
denotes Arabic words but little used or assimilated in the common
of Zanzibar.
The following may also be noted :
a. = adjective,
adv. = adverb,
amplif. - amplificative, denoting large (relative) size.
conj. = conjunction,
conjug. = conjugation.
cf. = compare,
conn. = connect, connected,
contr. = contrast, Contrary in meaning,
dim. = diminutive, denoting small (relative) size,
dist. = distinguish, distinct in meaning,
esp. = especially.
fig. * figurative, in a figurative sense,
follg. = a word or article immediately following.
int. interjection.
intens. = intensive, with intensive force, emphatic,
lit. = literally, in a literal sense.
ABBREVIATIONS xix
n. = noun,
obs. observe.
opp. = opposed to, of opposite meaning,
perh. = perhaps.
prec. = a word or article immediately preceding,
prep. = preposition,
pron. = pronoun,
pronom. = pronominal or possessive of adjectives, &c.
syn. = synonymous, in a wide sense, illustrative of the general.
a special, meaning of a word.
-.1, usually.
A SWAH I LI-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
(Words marked * appear not to be of Bantu origin.)
A.
A represents generally the broad
sound of a in ' father.' It also in-
cludes (chiefly in non-accented sylla-
bles) the lighter sound of a in ' man.'
And there is a modification of it
which is noted under certain words
of Arabic origin, being heard and
written sometimes as e. See Elfu,
Hewa, and E.
A is far the commonest vowel sound
.'..ili, and with the consonants k
and m gives a distinct phonetic colour
to the spoken language as a whole.
Though comparatively rare as an
initial sound of Bantu roots, it is
the regular terminal sound of most
Swahili verb-forms, appears in many
of the formative prefixes of the verb,
in the plural prefixes of two declen-
sions, and in most of the common
conjunctions and prepositions.
Aa is used to represent a long a
sound, which usually indicates (i)
in the case of Bantu words, a really
double syllable with an / or r sound
slurred or elided between the
in the case of Arabic words, the Bantu
effort to express the sounds of Alif,
Ain, or combinations of them.
A as a simple uncombincd sound
is us'
(i) As an interjection, whose
:' depends on the mode of
utterance and intonation. Thus :
'i ! expresses
simply wonder, pleasure, pai:
l-aa or A-haa (also ,-l-hee and
the sounds dj
rising intonation, and stress on the
last, ' yes, just so, exactly, I under-
stand,' i. e. assent, affirmation.
(c) Aa-a or A-a-a the sounds dis-
tinct, with falling intonation, and
stress on the first, 'no, oh no, not
so, 'by no means,' i.e. dissent and
negation.
(2) As a preposition, but only, oc-
casionally as a slurred or shortened
form of the full prepositional wa,
ya, &c., after a vowel preceding.
(See below.)
(3) Not (like the other personal
prefixes, ni, u, tu, ni, wa) as
form ' (he, she) is,' its place being
taken sometimes by yu, other v.
the general verb- form ni, e.g. mfalme
yu (or ni) rnwema, the king is good.
A in verb- formation is :
(I) The Pers. Pfx. of 3 Sing, in all
Tenses, agreeing with D i (S), e. g. u-
tapcmia, he will 1
(a) The Tense Pfx. of Pres. Indef.,
e.g. wapenda (u-*-penda}, you love,
Uescing or dispensing with the
Pcrs. Pfx. wholly or in part) naptnda
(ni-a-pcnJa )% 1 love, afxnda (a-a-
pendd), he loves.
(I) Part of one form of the Past
Tense Pfx. ali (otherwise //
e.g. naliptnda (n-ati-ftttJa, othcr-
N.yf: .1 lowed
by , disappears regularh
wa, /a, some t
in the Neg. Pfx. Aa, c. g. akfttda (a-
ka-enda), and he went, /Y*/V (/a-
a white ]
followed by . it t
form e, e.g. aktta (a-ka-ita
'(1, utfs* (wa-iu), thieves,
mtngi (ma-iHfi), many.
-A
-a is the invariable element, which
combined with a prefix forms the
various prepositions wa. ya, za, (ha,
la, pa, kwa, mwa. In meaning these
all correspond generally to the English
' of,' and (with the noun following)
to the Genitive Case in the classical
languages, and include all such adjec-
tival relations as ' belonging to, pro-
ceeding from, consisting of, of the
class or kind of, relating to, qualified
by,' &c.
Each of the above forms will be
found in the Dictionary, but here it
may be noted that :
(1) With a noun following, they
supply the lack of adjectives, and,
with an adverb preceding, the lack
of prepositions, in Swahili, e. g. nyu-
mba ya -waive, a stone house, sumu
ya kufisha, deadly poison, baada ya
hay a, after these things, kando la mto,
beside the river.
(2) Where the reference is general,
or the noun easily supplied, they are
sometimes used without a noun pre-
ceding, e.g. ya kwanza, in the first
place, iva vita, warriors, cha kula,
food. And by a curious idiom the
preposition is sometimes referred to
the person concerned and not to the
thing qualified, e.g. alimpigawajuho,
and he struck him a blow in the eye
not (pigo) lajicho.
(3) After some common nouns th<
preposition is often omitted, e. g
bind All, the daughter of Ali
mwana chuoni, the schoolboy, kim
bili, ladies. And it is sometime
slurred, if not elided, after a preced
ing, e. g. saa a tano, or saa tano (sai
ya tano}, the fifth hour.
*Aali, a. superior, excellent, ex
alted. (Arab. Cf. taala and Ah
Aa here represents the combinatioi
Alif, Ain, Alif.)
*Aasi, v. See Asi. (Ar.)
*Abadan, adv. always, constantly
ever. Mwanamke a. harithi,
woman is never contented. (Arab
for common siku zote, daima.}
ACHA
*Abedari, n. ( , or ma-*) and
Bedari, a large block or pulley used
n hoisting the main-yard of a native
ailing vessel. (? Ar. or Hind. Cf.
or pulley, kapi, gofia?)
*Abiri, v. cross, cross over, pass
ver, esp. of river or sea. A. kwa
katika} chombo, cross in a vessel.
>s. abir-iwa. Nt. -ika, -ikana. Mto
ivaabirika, the river can be crossed.
Ap. abir-ia, -twa, -ika. Mtumbwi
iva kuabiria, a canoe to cross in.
Fetha ya kuabiria, fare for passage
across. Cs. abir-isha, -ishwa, -ishana,
send over, put across, ferry over.
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. B. vuka,
kiuka, pita.}
*Abiria, n. ( , and ma-*), person
crossing (a river, sea, &c.), passenger
(in a boat, vessel, &c.). (A"r. Cf.
abiri.')
*Abudu, v. worship, adore, vene-
rate, prop, of religious worship and
service, both outward and inward.
A, Muungu (sanamu\ worship
God (idols). A. sola, perform a
service of prayer. Ps. abudiwa, be
(in fact) worshipped. Nt. abudika,
be an object (generally, or a proper
object) of worship. Ap. abud-ia,
-iiva, -ika, offer worship to, worship
in (for, on account of, &c.). Cs.
almd-isha, -ishwa, cause to worship,
convert. (Ar. Ci.ibada,mwabudu,
maabndu, and, of external worship,
sty tutu.)
Acha, v. the main idea is, ceasing
or breaking off connexion with some-
thing, and may be rendered in many
ways, with many shades of meaning,
e. g. (i) < leave, leave off, leave be-
hind, let go, let pass, let be, go
(part, depart) from; (2) abandon,
desert, neglect; (3) acquit, release,
pardon; (4) allow, permit, give
leave ; (5) separate from, divorce.
Acha I (imper.) Let go i Give over !
Hands off ! Sikuachi, I will not
let you go. Akamwacha agenda
zake, and he left him and went away.
A. mtumwa huru, let a slave go
ACHALI 3
free (set him at liberty). Colloquially,
a. is used somewhat as an expletive,
e.g. Acha (or, wache, for -wcuuhe}
ifawaU kwa ti^
alone Europeans for strong govern-
ment, i e. trust them for it. Acha
i ifie, just let the cannons
fire, i.e. the cannons did make a
noise. Ps. afhwa. Many derivative
verb-stems are used, with their
characteristic meanings. Ap. ach-ia,
-:'-':a. -tana. Also -ilia, -iiiwa,
-ilika, -iliana. Kuachia mloto maJi,
to bequeath property to a child.
Ameachiwa, he has had money left
him. Kumwachilia makosa, to par-
don his offences. Thambi hii inaach-
ilika, this sin is venial. li\i!u
wacuhiliao nyama, human beings
who are quite distinct from animals.
Cs. ach-isha (sometimes as/uz),
isAwa, -isAia, -ishika. Achisha
mtoto (with or without ;;.
wean a child. Ulimwcuhisha mkewt,
you caused him to desert (divorce)
:c. Kj>. ach-atia, -ania,
anisha, leave each other.
, be different, be inconsistent.
Wameathana, they have taken leave
of each other. Njia zinaa. , the paths
incno yam fa., th
mcnts do not agree. Achana na,
part from. (Cf. saza, ba&isha.)
*Achali, n. pickle, sauce, relish;
c serve. Usually of an acid mix-
ture, made of lemon juice, salt, pepper,
also of sweet ones.
*Ada, n. ( , and ma-\ (i) cus-
tom, habit, manner, and esp. (2) cus-
. ommission
as to a
whether
in casli ive variou
f/i/o, stick,
opener, :,<lshaker, &c.
A. ya bicuhara, ! trade.
;ny fee.
;/*, customs proper
ADILI
j to be observed as to a chief. (Ar.
fun', mila, and for presents
generally bakshishi^)
*Adabu, n. good manners, proper
behaviour, politeness.courtesy.civility,
etiquette. A. yakc Arabu ;. ;
kuliko Waswahili, Aral
often different from Swahili. Jlunx
a., you do not know how to behave
i,a very insulting expression). Tin
a., teach good manners. Fanya a.,
behave well, show cour
used, like many nouns in Swahili, as
an adjectival predicate. M;.-
a. sana, this person behaves like
a gentleman. (Ar. Cf. adibtt,
taadabu, and dist. athabn* punish-
ment, sometimes written adabu.}
*Adamu, n. Adam. Mu
Ad., mwana Ad., bin Ada
commonly used for ' member of human
race, human lx:ii (Ar.
Cf. rntu, //;/.
id.)
*Adawa, n. enmity, hostility,
strife, quarrel. (Arab. Cf. more
common wad.
*Aden, n. and Adtu
Eden. J>ust<ini ya Aden, (larden of
(Ar.)
*Adi, v. cause to pass, let pass on,
allow a guest to depart
a sly accompanying him to
the door, or a s nee on
his journey. Wakatusindikiza hatta
mtoni wakatnadi, they accompanied
us as far as the ri\
of us. (Arab., udikiza
mmonly used.)
Adi ; manners t
catc. Ps. ;
Mtoto yak h .
a rn to behn \ tidifia t
Cs. adib-isha, -sA-oj, uswi
::i -nnu- MOM U the 1':. I ' ' -'!
more commonly.
taadabu, and
tcrnal behaviour, wjtl.
moral conduct. Also B. /ca, bring
ate.)
'Adilt, n. right, right conduct,
i: i
-ADILIFU <
morals, morality. a. right,
righteous, just. Hukumu a., a right
judgement. Mfalme a., a just king.
v. behave rightly, act morally.
Cs. adil-isha, -ishwa, teach rightcon-
duct to, give a moral training to. ( Ar.
Cf. -adilifu, and contr. adibu, adabu}
*-adilifu, a. as adili, a. upright,
honourable, respectable, moral. (Ar.
Cf. adili.}
*Adui, n. ( , and ma-}, enemy,
foe, opponent. (Ar. Cf. adawa,
waduij and syn. B. mtesi,mshindani.}
A-ee, int. also A-hee, E-hee, with
second syllable accented and on a
higher-note, expressing assent, affirma-
tion, ' yes, just so, exactly.' (Cf. a as
int. and note.)
*Afa, n. (ma-}, person or thing
causing fear, a terror, horror, bug-
bear, enemy. (Arab. Cf. -hofu,
mwafa, and B. kioja, kitisho.}
*Afathali, adv. better, rather,
preferably, as the best course, more
correctly. A. uenende, you had
better proceed. Hivi a., it is best
so. (Ar. Ci.fathili, (u}tafathali^
*Afia, n. See Afya. (Ar.)
*Aflkana, v. See Aflki. '(Ar.)
*Afiki, v. agree with, correspond
to, be same as, fit. Tarihiya mwaka
iliafiki hamsiashara 'Desember, the
date corresponded to Dec. 15. The
most used forms are the Rp. afikana,
agree together, make an agreement
(contract, bargain), come to an under-
standing, be reconciled, and Cs.
afikanisha, 'bring to terms, reconcile,
pacify. (Ar. as if wajiki. Cf
maajikano, mwafaka, and syn. B
patana, lingana.}
*Afiuni, n. opium. (At. 'Cf. syn
AGIZO
Afu, n. blossoms of the wild jas-
mine, inwafii, growing in Z. and
alued for the perfume. (Ci.yasmini.}
*Afua, v. See Afu, v.
*Afya, n. also Aria, good health,
sound condition, safety, preservation,
nd also ' general condition, state of
icalth,' with qualifying adj. Sina a.,
[ am not in good health. A. njema
(mbayd), good (bad) health. Bora a.
^also borafya), good health. (Ar.
"f. afu, v. and hali, also B. syn.
*Afu, v. also Afua, 'Save, de-
liver, preserve, cure, pardon, acquit
Muungu amemwafu, God has pre
served'him. n. (ma-}, preserva
tion, pardon. (Arab, not common
and deriv. stems rare. Cf. afu, n
and afya, also common B. syn
pony a, okoa.}
Afya, v. cause to swear, put on
oath. (Cs. from -apa, \. = apisha.
See apa, and for interchange of /
and/, see under-/:)
Aga, v. (i) agree (with"), promise
(to), engage; (2) say good-bye (to),
take leave (of), dismiss, let go.
Aga (agand) buriani, say a last fare-
well, take solemn final leave (of).
Fig. of sunset, j^la linaaga miti, the
un is taking leave of the trees. Ps.
agwa. Wameagwa, they have been
told (received permission) to go.
Ap. ag-ia, -iwa, -ilia, -iliana. Uli-
niagia kofia, you promised me a cap.
Niagie babangti, say good-bye to my
father for me. Maneno ivaliyoa-
giliana yeye na rafiki zake, the terms
which he and his friends agreed
upon. Cs. crg-iza, -izwa, usually
Intens., charge, commission, order,
appoint, give strict injunctions. Kua-
giza ni kuweza? Does ordering
mean it can be done ? Rp. ag-ana,
-ania, -anika, -anisha, (i) make
a mutual agreement, come to terms,
conclude a bargain; (2) exchange
farewells, say good-bye to each other.
Cs. aganisha, bring to terms, recon-
cile. (Cf. etg'iso, agano, and syn.
wasia, ahidi^}
Agano, n. (/-)> C 1 ) agreement,
promise, contract, mutual under-
standing; (2) leave-taking, farewell.
(Usu. in plur. Cf. aga, and syn. ma-
pat ano, maafikano, ahadi, mkataba^)
Agizo, n. (ma-}, charge, injunc-
tion, commission, order, appoint-
AQUA
rnent ; (2) commission for executing
orders, fee. (Cf. aga, agano.}
Agua, v. predict, foretell, pro-
phesy, divine, presage. Ps. agu-
Xt. agulika. Ap. agu-lia,
lika. Cs. agu-za, -zwa,
and Intcns. Bao Ice kuagulia,
a divining board. (Cf. mwaguzi,
maaguzi, and for various kinds of
divination, bao, ramli,fcli.}
Agua, v. treat medically, supply
medicine, operate (on). Killa an-
gnaye, humwagua, every one who
was sick he treated with medicine.
A I itague uganga wa vita, let him
supply us with war-medicine. Chukua
ndimu aagulu jngongo wake, take a
.nd let him apply it to his
back. (Dcrivs., &c, as prec. Cf.
ttju.i.}
Ahaa, int. yes, just so (see A, as
interject sound, and cf. A-ec,'\\\\. note .
*Ahadi, n. ( ), also Wahadi,
promise, engagement, agreement.
Toa (funga, -pa) a., make a promise.
z., break a promise. 7 inuza
(fikitha, shikd) a., keep (fulfil, &c.)
a promise. A kadi yeiu, .tupeleke
mzigo Tabora, our engagement is,
load to Tabora. (Ar.
*Ahali, n. ( ),jelations, '. .
kinsman. Used comprehensively.
and often in contrast with near rela-
tives. Wazct na ndugu na a., parents,
S and relations. Ndugu na a.,
> and (other) kinsmen
katika a. take, one of bis r
f. akrabajamaa , utani % ukoo.}
Ahora. n. and Akhera, Aheri,
(i) that \vhuh is last (or behind,
or beyond), the end, the last stage;
(a) cs'i world, fun
last day, grave (as end of present
itwali katta ah,
from beginning to end.
i . toka mwamo hatta mwixko.}
kwenda ahtra (or . . even a
king must die (will come to his end).
AITHA
(Ar. Cf. a/tin', and syn. B. mwisho.
kikonio, end, and ku
world.)
*Ahi, n. See Akhi.
*Ahiri, v. and Akhiri, stand over,
be behindhand, be put off (deferred,
adjourned), remain behind.
ahiriwa (as ahiri). Ap. -ahir-ia,
-iwa, -ika. Cs. ahir-isha, -ishwa,
postpone, delay, adjourn, defer, cause
to wait. Mantua haya yanaahirika,
this business can be adjourned (taken
afterwards). (Arab. Cf. ahera^
and syn. usiri, 15. ngoja.)
*Ahsante, and Ahosanta, Asant,
used as an expression of thanks and
gratitude, 'thank you, you a:
kind.' ( Ar. ' you have done well,'
cf. kisani. Usually a kindness or
gift is acknowledged, if at all, by
vema, or ngerna, it is well, good.)
Aibu, n. (that which U a) dis-
grace, shame, scandal, reproa
lamy, dishonour, shame.
not used). \p.aib-i.:.
be put to shame, be dishonoured,
be disgraced, &c. Cs. <:
-is/iwa, disgrace, bring
&c. on. (Ar. < fftkcka,
haya, and contr. Acskima.)
*Aili, v. take on oneself, make
oneself respo: ncur a debt.
A. derti, charge oneself with
person's debt. Ap. ai/-ia f -iwa,
-tka. Cs. ail-isha, -iskma, put
responsibility on, declare
hold culpable, condemn. a.
responsible*, guilt >. HM\H
yeyt t this one is not responsible, it is
that one. (Arab, not common. Cf.
7*1.)
class, sort, v
*jn.gi*si,namn
Aini, v. sj>ecih .
distinguish, show, classify.
ainiwa.
:(Ha t 'iskwa.
Aitha, conj. i reover,
,cn. (Arab. Cf. katkalika,
tharna, and common tovo.)
AJABU
*Ajabu, v. also Taaj. and Staaj.,
wonder, be astonished, feel surprise.
Ap. ajab-ia, -iwa, -ika, wonder at.
Cs. ajab-isha, -ishiva, surprise, as-
tonish, &c. ' n. ( , and ma-},
(i) wonder, amazement, admiration,
astonishment; (2) a marvel, surprise,
a wonder, &c. Ona a., feel wonder.
adv. wonderfully, extraordinnrily.
Ktihua a., marvellously great. Often
used to strengthen mno, and sana.
Nyingi mno a., exceedingly many.
(Ar. Cf. shangaa v., tosheiva v., and
syn. mwujiza, &c.)
" *Ajali, n. fate, doom, destiny, ap-
pointed end, death. Leo imetimia
a. yako, to-day your hour is come.
Kusalimika ajali, to be finally* de-
livered up, to meet one's fate, to
come to the appointed end. (Ar.)
*Ajara, n. and Ijara, Ujira, hire,
wages. (Ar. Cf. ajiri, and ujira,
mshakara.}
*Ajazi, v. be weak, be slack,
be remiss. (Arab. Cf. ajizi, and
syn. B. legea, choka.}
*Ajili, n. cause, reason, com-
monly in the phrase kwa ajili ya,
because of, on account of, for the
sake of, by reason of. Also conj.
and kwa ajili, because, in order to.
( Ar. and cf. syn. sababu, maana, hoja.~]
*Ajiri, v. hire, engage to work
for wages. Ps. ajiriwa. Nt. ajirika,
-kana. Wanaajirika, men can be
hired, they are procurable for wages
Ap. ajir-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. ajir-
isha, -ishiva, cause to work for
wages, get for hire. (Ar. Cf
ajara, ujira, and syn. msliahara!)
*Ajizi, n. weakness, slackness
remissness. (Arab. Cf. ajazi, anc
common B. legea, choka.}
*Ajjem, n. Persia. Also Uajj.
Persia. Mwajj. (zwz-) a Persian
Kiajj., the Persian language, in Per
sian style.' (Ar. ; the word meaning
not Arab, barbarian, then Persian.)
Aka, v. sometimes also Waka
especially if a vowel precedes, ' build
construct with stones and mortar
6 AKILI
vork as a mason.' Aka nytimba,
uild a stone house (jenga being
commonly used of native construc-
ion, i.e. with poles, sticks, and earth).
D s. akwa. Ap. ak-ia, -iwa, -ika.
>itu vya kuakia, mason's tools
x materials, &c.). Akisha (as/id],
cause to build, have mason's work
done, order to be built. (Cf.
mwashi, uashi, and contr. jcn^i
and unda. In other dialects aka
means 'build,' without reference to
masonry.)
*Akali, n. and a., a few (of), some.
A. ya vitu, vitu a., a few things.
(Arab. Cf. common haba, and 13.
-chache.} also a verb-form,
'and he is, he being' (a, Pfx. 3
Pers. S., ka connective, li = is, being,
which see).
-ake, a. of pron. 3 Pers. S., his,
hers, her, its, of him (her, it).
Additional emphasis and precision is
given by adding yeye, niwcnye-we, or
both, e. g. kili chakc, his chair, kiti
chake yeye, his chair, kiti chakc
mwenyewe, his own chair, kiti chake
yeye mwenyewe, his very own chair.
The various prefixes, connecting -ake.
with different classes of nouns are
w-,y-, ch-, vy-, /-, z-,p-, kw-, mw-.
*Akhi, n. brother. (Arab, for
common B. ndugu^)
*Akiba, n. store, reserve, stock,
what is laid by for future use.
Weka a., put by, store up. (Ar.)
*Akida, n. (ma-), leader, com-
mander, esp. of soldiers, ak. wa
asikari, captain. (Ar. with article
prefixed ?)
*Akidi, v. suffice (for), be enough
(for). Chakula hiki chaakidi watii
waliopo, this food is enough for those
present. (Arab, for common B.
tosha. Cf. kifu.}
^Akika, n. an Arab domestic
feast, e. g. on first hair-cutting of a
child. (Ar.)
*Akiki, n. a red stone, red coral,
cornelian. (Ar.)
*Akili,n.(i) intellect, intelligence,
AKINA
consciousness, understanding, reason,
sense; (a) ability, cleverness, judge-
ment, discretion; (3) a trie.
, 'Ian, happy thought ; (4) also
used of what is abstract ami im-
material, ' pure thought.' liana a.,
a fool (simpleton, madman).
A. zakt chache, he is dull
deficient. A. nyingi, great intelli-
gence, plenty of sense. Fanya <z.,
use the brains, exercise intelligence.
A. yako haikitongoka, your device
did not succeed. Katika a. yangu,
according to my view, so J
understand. Jambo la a. tupu, si
la kiwiliwili, something wholly ira-
mateiial, not of the body. Fuata a.
yako, follow your own judgement.
(Ar. Cf. busara, ttfahamu, uta-
mbuii, HJuzi, rnoyo, weUkevu.)
Akina. Sec Kina.
-ako, a. of pron. a Pers. S., your,
yours, of you. (Cf. -ake for pre-
fixes, and use of wcwe, mwcnyewe,
for emjihn
*Akraba, n. kinsman, relation,con-
. family. A. za kuunicni
, relatives on the father's
(mother's) side. (Ar. Cf. ahali,
j'amaa, ittatti, B. ukoo.}
*Akram, a. also il akram,
honoured, respected. (Ar. occurs
only in letters opening in the Arabic
.vith other a. Cf. dibaji.)
*A1 (and Eli, the Arab, article, is
not used independently, but is in-
corporated with various Arabic words
.;se among Swahilis, e.g.
ursday, assn&uAi, morn-
<*/!, governor, and sometimes
as possessive, ras il r/iafi, capital sum
*Ala, n. ( , ma-, and ny-\ sheath,
scabba: ,.nifc (sword, &c.).
<o.)
*Alafu, n. an-1 a., thousand. See
ar. of.-///)
Alama, n. sign, mark,
estige.sigii
a mark on, mark.
&C., and syn. ishara,
ALIKA
*Alaairi, n. afternoon, and esp. of
one of the regular Mahommedan
hours of prayer, about 3.30 p.m.
(Ar. al asr. Cf. alfajiri, athuuri,
&c., and note on Al?)
*Alfu, n. and a., thousand. See
Elfu. (Ar.)
*Alfajiri, n. dawn, daybreak, and
esp. of one of the Mahommedan
hours of prayer, about 4 a.m. (Ar.
alfajr. Cf. alasiri and note.)
*Alhamdu lillahi, a common
reply to a salute among soni-
hilis, ' praise<l be God.' (Arab. Cf.
al, and himidi.}
*Alhamisi, n. Thursday. (Ar.
Al hams, i.e. the fifth' day of the
week, according to the old oriental
reckoning preserved by the Arabs,
which regards the Sabbath as the
last and Sunday as the first day of
the week, making Thursday thus the
fifth day. The name has been taken
over by the Swahilis, though Junta a
taw, also meaning ' the tilth day ol
the week,' is also regularly used, and
this denotes the day before Alhamisi,
inesday, because the fifth day
from (but not including) fjumaa,
Friday, the Mnhommcdan Sunday.
All, (i) a verb-form, he (she) is,
he (she) being (a, Pfx. of 3 i
S), and //.
:orms,o//-j
&c.) ; (a) a common n
All-, sign of 3 1'ers. S. of Past
Tense < oniug., e.g.
alipenda. (a-li-pfttdd), he (she) loved.
Mgn of Past Tense
of the ing or
coalescing w r \ ., e, g. noli-
penda >.
penAi '.<&), we U>\
*Alia, v. make a mark on. -
Kakora ittumwali.i
the stick has made a mark on the
(Ar.)
Alika, v. immon, call,
. and in pn
of a doctor's orders, i.e. 'treat (a
patient)'; (2) make a short sharp
ALIKI
sound, click, snap, crack. Ps.
alikwa, e.g. be treated medically.
Ap. alik-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. alik-
isha, alisha, -shwa. (i) A. mbele
ya wall (kazini, knchcza ngoma'),
summon before the governor (to
work, to a dance). Humwalika
kwenda kwake kula, he used to in-
vite him to dinner. A, vita vikubwa,
summon (for) a great war. Mwa-
likwa, an invited guest. (2) A. is
used of the crackling of roasted grains
of Indian corn (mbisi}. Alisha vi-
dole, crack the finger-joints. Alisha
mtambo wa bunduki, make the trigger
of a gun click, cock the trigger.
*Aliki, v. hang, hang up, suspend.
(Arab, for common B. tundika, tu~
ngika, angika.}
* Allah, n. God, seldom used ex-
cept (i) in Arab, formulas; (2) as a
common expletive, with or without
other words. (i) La ilahi ilia
Allah, the 'first clause of the Mahom-
medan creed, 'there is no God but
God' sung as a monotonous chant
at funerals. Allah bilkheri, a com-
mon salutation, ' God prosper you.'
Alhamdu billahi, a common rejoinder,
' praised be God.' Allah dlam, God
knows, i.e. I do not know. (2)
Allah, expressing wonder, disgust,
&c. Allah allah, in letters, to call
special attention, ' remember, be care-
ful to note.' And cf. Inshallah, bis-
milla, ee walla, wallai. (Arab.
Cf. Rabbi, Mola, and common
Muungu.}
*Almaria,n. embroidery. (?Hind. >
*Almasi, n. diamond. (Ar., used
also as a proper name.)
*Ama, conj. (i) either, or. Ama
ama, either or. (2) (or is it not ?
and so), surely, moreover, however
Wa ama, and further, yet. Ama
' sizo ? Or is it not so ? Do you no
admit it ? (Ar. Cf. ao, and negat
wala.}
-ama, Stative termination of some
verbs in Swahili, often denoting a
(relatively) permanent condition o
8 AMBA
tate, e. g. simama, be standing,
uama, settle down, kingama, lie
cross, and sometimes combined with
'p. termination, -na, i.e. -mana,e.g.
ungamana.
*Amali, n. (i) action, act, thing
done; (a) practice, occupation, busi-
ness. Mtu wa a., a man of action,
,n energetic practical man. A.yakc
kutega mitego, his business was trap-
ping. (Ar., plur. of ami. Cf. B.
'endo, mtendaji.)
*Amana, n. pledge, deposit, thing
entrusted. Weka a., make a deposit,
jledge. (Ar. Cf. amini, amani,
? imani^}
*Amani, n. peace, safety, security,
confidence, trust. Amani ? Is it.
peace? Is all quiet? a common
inquiry on meeting in a journey.
(Ar. Cf. amini.}
Amba, v. speak against, denounce,
slander, abuse. Ps. ambwa. Only
the Pr. form in this sense. Ap.
ambia, --iwa, the common word for
say to, speak to.' See Ambia.
Amba is used, but not commonly in
Z., (i) with Rel. Pfx. added, in the
sense of a simple Rel. Pron. * who,
which', being followed by a finite
verb, sometimes with a kwamba in-
serted between, sometimes with the
verb itself in the Relative form, e.g.
Vyakula ambavyo havimo katika
ulimwengu, (such) food as does not
exist in the world. Watoto ambao
kwamba wataka kwenda, children
who wish to go. Killa mtu na mzigo
wake ambao umtoshao, every man with
a load which is sufficient for him.
(2) as a conjunction = kama, that,
saying that, e. g. wakamsema amba
amefanya mabaya, and they accused
him, saying that he committed crimes.
Also in the Infinitive form kwamba,
(saying) that, that is to say (ya
kwamba, that, is also used), and
kwamba also means ' if, though.' See
Kwamba. (Cf. syn. tukana, suta,
sema, mwambi, andAama, conj. Amba
is used for 'say, speak' in poetical
AMBA
Swahili, and in other B. dialects. Cf.
jambo, i. e. ji- ambo.}
Araba, v. for Wamba, which see.
Ambaa, v. means passing near to,
but without actual contact, and has
various shades of meaning, according
as such contact is or is not desirable,
(i) pass by, pass along, pass with-
out touching (without affecting) ; (a)
avoid contact with, escape, not to
salute (recognize, hurt, &c.) ; (3)
miss contact with, fail to see (salute,
recognize \ A.pwam(m,napwani),
coast along, hug the shore. A. na
maovu, escape evil. Afaovi* yaku-
ambaf, may evil not touch you. Nali-
mwambaa, I avoided seeing him cut
him), or, I failed to see him. Deriva-
tives seem rare. Cs. am baza, cause to
pass near. A nibaza chombo napwani,
t along the shore. (Cf. mwa-
mbao, and perh. for close juxtaposition
and contact, ambo, ambisha, ambilfa,
wambiso, ambuka, ambata, &c.)
*Ambari, n. ambergris, found at
times off the east coast of Africa.
(Ar.)
Ambata, v. be close to, come in
contact with, stick (to), adhere (to),
be attached (to), cling, cbsp. Ps.
am' t. ambatika. A. inchi
inchi, katika inchi}, come close
to (strike on, cohere with^ the ground.
Afayayi yamtambata kikangoni, the
eggs have stuck to the frying-pan.
KM linaambata katika inchi, the sun
fci fiercely on the ground. Moto
ita, the heat scorched me.
1'imho zimtmwambata, the blows of
made him feel. Ap.
t'wa, -ika. Cs. ambat-
is/ia, -ishwa. Rp. aml>,i
isha, 8cc. Mbau < irnea-
iki, these
boards have stuck together, they can-
llcd apart.' Cf a'mbaa,
ambit a, amba, amt>ika t wamba t wa-
mbata, kattuita^ vuata, kumbatia,
Also syn. nata.)
A p. of amba, bnt
9 AMBUA
ing 'say to, report to, tell to, in-
form by word of mouth, speak to'
always with an objective prefix,
and the words of the communication
expressed or implied. Not used for
' talk to, converse with.' Often fol-
lowed by kama, ya kuwa, ya fava-
mba, that, with Oblique or 1 >ircct
narration. Akamwambia, nj'oo ukalt t
and he said to him, Come and eat.
Ps. ambiwa, e.g. asiyejua maana,
haambiwi maana, he who does not
know the meaning, will not be told
it. Ap. amb-ilia, -itiwa, -ilika.
Aftu wa kuambilika, an affable,
courteous, meek person. Mtotp huyu
haambiliki, this child cannot bear
being spoken to. Cs. amb-iana.
Nyote ambiancni, all of you tell each
other. (Strictly the Ap. form of
Amba, which see. Cf. stma, ncna*')
Ambika, v. be brought into con-
tact, hold together, be firm (tight,
coherent). (Cf. ambaa, and follg.)
Ambisha, v. and Ambisa
to be in contact, bring (force) to-
gether, make cohere. Rp. atnbi*
shana, e. g. Intcns. of things cohering
or cemented together. (Cf. ambaa,
and follg. Also wambiso.)
Ambo, n. (ma-\ (i) any glutinous
substance, gum, glue, i.e. something
which causes coherence. Ambo la
tnkuyu u<a kufungia nyaraka, gum
made from the sycamore to fasten op
letters with. (Cf. ambaa, and
chambo, \. c. ki-ambo ?) ( a) the cord-
ing of a native bedstead (also nam-
''o, which see, and cf. wamba').
Ambua, v. break contact, remove,
separate, take off (something
ing), often of removing husk, peel, skin,
I. e. peel, husk, clean, flay. Ps. am-
Intka, the skin has peeled off, after an
illnc^. T c.-i^t ].\ n Uttlce. A",v-/ ),;
the skin of the lion was difol
! finally cleaned. C*.am/>u~
i*a, fswa t see fnllg. Ap. am,'<-
<.iwa, -ulika. (Cf. ambaa,
AMBUKIZA 10 AMU
aithful, honest, trustworthy, &c.
Cf. -aminifu. (Ar. Cf. amana,
mani.}
*-aminifu, a. same as Amini, a.
Ar. Cf. uawinifu.}
*Amiri, n. (ma-}, commander,
eader, officer, esp. of soldiers.
Arab. Cf. amri, amuru, and syn.
akida.}
Am'ka, v. also Amuka, awake,
ouse oneself, rise up from sleep,
regain life (consciousness, strength,
&c. ). Ap. amk-ia, -iwa, ( i ) wake
up at (in, for, &c.), (2) in particular,
)ay a morning visit to, make an early
call, visit formally, the customary
duty of dependents to patrons and
superiors, and of children to parents,
(3) in general, greet, accost, salute,
address, pay respects to, also (4)
fig. of the dawn, jtimaa most kwa
usiku kuamkia jumaa pili, on Satur-
day late in the night as it dawned on
Sunday. Cs. a?n-sha, -shwa,
awaken, rouse up (from sleep, leth-
argy, &c.). Anisha kanwa, take
breakfast. Cf. chamsha hanwa.
(Cf. uka, muka, v. rise up, &c.,
in other dialects. Amkua^ Ps.
amkuiva, is found in Swa. poetry =
am/da, rouse, accost, visit. Cf.
maamkizi, and umka, also, for
evening visit tuesha.}
*Amri, n. (i) a command, order,
rule, regulation, direction, (2) author-
ity, supreme power, rule, government,
law. Miaenyi a., ruler, chief, respon-
sible head. A.ya Muungu, the will
of God, providence, chance. Sina a.
nayo, I have no power (responsibility)
in the matter, it is not my affair.
Too. a. , issue an order. Shika (Juata)
a., obey (execute, carry out) an order.
A. nyingi, strict discipline. (Ar.
Cf. amuru, amiri.)
*Amru, Amria, Amrisha, &c., v.
See Amuru.
*Amu, n. also Ami, fathers
brother, paternal uncle. (Arab.
Cf. B. baba mdogo, baba mkubwa, and
dist. injomba.}
anibo, &c., and chambua, menya,
paa, &c.)
Ambukiza, v. (i) cause to be
peeled off (removed, cast), and so
^2) 'give a disease to, infect, carry
contagion to, be contagious/ peeling
of the skin being an obvious effect of
some diseases. (Cf.. follg. and
ambaa, ambua, &c.)
Ambukizo,n.(w#-), infection, that
which causes infection. (Cf. prec.)
*Amdelhan, n. a particular fabric
of fine silky texture. (? Hind, see
nguo.)
*Amerikani, n. (ma-, wa-) and
a., (i) America, (2) American. Ma-
futa Am., common petroleum _for
lamps, stoves, &c. Nguo Am., calico,
esp. (3) stout, unbleached cotton
cloth or calico, as largely introduced
from America.
*Ami, n. See Amu. (Ar.)
*Amili, v. manage, effect, bring
about, work at. (Arab. Cf. amali,
mwamale, and '&.syi\.tenda,fanyiza.}
*Amin, and Amina, Be it so,
Amen. (Arab. Ci.amini,amani.}
*Amini, v. believe, trust, have
faith (in), put confidence in. Ps.awz-
niwa. Nt. aminika. A. Mimngu,
believe God, trust God. A. kw
Muungtt, believe in God, have faith
towards God. Sultani akamwa-
mini sana, the Sultan had great con-
fidence in him. Amini mlu na kitu
entrust a person with a thing. Ap
amin-ia, -i-wa, -ika. Aminiwa, havi
a thing entrusted to. Haaminiki, h<
is not deserving of confidence, he i
untrustworthy. Cs. amin-isha, -ish
wa, -ishia, &c., (i) cause to believe
inspire faith (confidence, trust) ; (2"
entrust to, commit to care of, entrus
\vith. A minis ha mtu mali, entrust a
man with money. (3) Intens., have
trust (about), feel confidence. Haku
aminisha kwenda kulala, he did no
venture to go to sleep. n. fide
lity, trustworthiness, honesty, in
tegrity, faithfulness. (Cf. uamini
uaminifu.} a. and -amini
AMUA
11
ANDAMA
Amua, v. judge, be umpire, arbi-
cttle dispot M). I's.
Nt. arnuli&a. Ap.
amtt fia, -/iwa, e. g. act as judge for,
arbitrate between, and </ ///////:<
a case settled, be judged (decided),
.re) aunt ska, -shwa. (Cf.
mu'dHiuzi, maamuti, and Ar. syn.
hukiimu.}
*Amuru, v. also Amru (and so
commonly the derivatives), order,
command, direct, exercise authority,
be the supreme power. Ps. amu-
: Urn n <a m it m kwenda ufxsi (or,
aendd upesi), he ordered him to go
quickly. Ap. amr-ia, ~iwa t give
orders about (for, at, &c.). Atncamr-
iwa kazi, he has had orders as to
work. Cs. amr-isha, -ishwa, usu.
:^ive strict orders, have orders
issued. (Ar. Cf. 13. syn. agisa,
from ago.}
Ana, verb- form, he (she) has (a,
Pfjr. of 3 Pers. S. agreeing with D I
(S), and na, which see).
Ana-, at the beginning of verbs, is
D of 3 Pcrs. S. of the Present
Definite, agreeing with D I (S), e.g.
anakwetuia (a-na- kwenda) , he is
going.
ana, as a verbal termination, is
the si<: dprocal Conjuga-
.'. hich includes a wide and
subtle variety of meanings noted
under ,, e.g. (i)
ity of act or feeling, action
and re.-, .ve each
'igana, bc.v
(a) community, collective &c
//a, 'weep together,
as well as lizana, excite each other
to weep, /ana, eat together, (as well
. Tokana na mtu t
part with a person. Tokana na
lose blood.
of -ana
be possible, be able (under co:.
to be done, fxtiikana, lx- in.-
be to be had. (4) coherence, com-
bination, perhaps underlies such uses
as kazana, \>c hard plight, close),
pindaniana.fioi-aniana, &c. (Cf.
uses of Prep. na. -ana is also a
widespread root in Bantu dialects.
ina.)
-anana, a. (anana with D 5 (S)
and D (> (S), anana or nyanana with
D 6 (P) ), soft, thin, gentle (in action
or effect). Upepo mwan., gentle
breeze. Maji moan., quiet, still,
slowly moving water. Ngtw art., soft
clothes (fabric). (Not common,
restricted in meaning, of things rather
than persons. Cf. syn. A. laini t \\.
-ororo.}
*Anasa, n. (i) pleasure, enjoy-
ment, luxury, convenience, often (2)
in bad sense, over-luxuriousne-
indulgence, sensuality. AY/A:
it contains every luxury. Kaa a.,
live in comfort (.or, self-indulgcntly .
Ar. Cf. anisi, and syn. ra/ia, fu-
ra/ia.)
Andoa, v. (i) prepare, provide,
get ready, put in order, arrange; (2)
esp. of cooking, prepare food. Ap.
amta-lia, -liwa y -lika. Andalia
vita, prepare for war. (Cf. //.-
si, maandaliOy and for the root
perh. andika, atuiama.)
Andarna, v. follow, accompany, go
after), follow up,
come next to, succeed.
umeandania, the moon has followed
the new month has began.
'i west mwandawo.) Ap.
andam-ia, -i, -ika. At.
tcmbo, follow up (panne) an ele-
phant. Cs. andam-iza, -intAO,
cause to follow, &c. Mvua hii
imisa mwesi, this ra
ill last
;ith begins. 1
;. follow one another, go all
r, form a process
mana na, associate with, take the
side of, be companion to. Siyt mttt
wa kuandamana nayt, he is
person to associate
ANDAMANO
12
ANGAIKA
Andamano, n. (w-), a following
(of people), train, procession, retinue.
(Cf. prec. and mwandamano .}
Andamizi, n. (ma-},; following.
(See Mwandamizi, and cf. andama.}
-andamo, a. following, succeed-
ing. Mwezi mwa., moon (month)
following, new moon. (Cf. prec. and
andarna, mwandamo}
Andao, n. and Mwandao, prepara-
tion, arrangement. A. la math,
preparation of corpse for burial,
funeral arrangements. (Cf. anda,
and mazishi.)
Andasi, n. usu. ir* plur. maandasi y
confectionery, pastry, &c. (Cf. andaa,
maandasi.}
Andika, v. (i) set in order, lay
out, set straight, give definite arrange-
ment to; (2) write (i.e. make an
orderly arrangement of letters) ; (3)
register, enrol, make an entry, put on
paper ; (4) (of a ship), steer, keep on
a course, set the course; (5) (andikia,
andika httru), register as free, give
freedom (to). A. meza, arrange
(lay, set) a table, prepare a meal.
A. barua (warakd), write a letter.
A. asikari (jeshi), enlist soldiers
(a force). A. chombo, keep a vessel
on a course. A. tanga, arrange a
formal mourning. Ps. andikwa.
Limeandikwa (na Muungii), it is
written (by God, and therefore finally
settled, destined). Liandikwalo hali-
futiki, what is written cannot be
wiped out. Ap. andik-ia, -iwa^
-ika, -tana, write for (to, at, &c.)
Tafathali uniandikie barua, please
write a letter for me. Andikia
mlumwa, set a slave free. Andikiana,
correspond (by letter). Cs. andik-
isha, -ishwa, -is/ria, &c., e. g. cause
to write, dictate a letter to, inspire
writing, have set in order, have a
meal laid. Nalimwandikishia cha
kula, I had a meal laid for him
Rp. andik-ana, -anya. Waliandik-
ana wapagazi wote, they all entered as
porters together (by common con-
sent). Andikanya sahani, set plates
n rows (piles, one on the other),
make a row (pile) of plates. Cf.
panganya. (Cf. andiko, mwa-
ndiko, mwandiki, mwandikaji, mwa-
ndishi, uandishi, &c. Cf. also andaa,
and derivs. and syn. in some senses
tandika and tengeneza.}
Andiko, n. (/-)> something
written, a writing, letter, book. Sio
andiko lake, it is not his writing
(written by him). (Cf. andika,
mwandiko.}
Anga,n.(i)light,brightness,lustre;
(2) upper air, sky, bright expanse of
the atmosphere; (3) fig. enlighten-
ment, illumination, inspiration. Nde-
ge za a., birds of the air. A. la
fua, sunshine. Mwezi waleta a., the
moon brings light. (Chiefly of
sun and moon. Otherwise mwanga
and wangafu, which see. A root
ang- or nga seems traceable in
many words relating to light, sight,
and sky, cf. angaza, angalia, -angafu,
mwanga, mivango, mwangaza, maa-
ngazi; wangafu. Also cf. ng*aa,
ngariza, and possibly angaika, anga-
ma, angamia. Also anga, mwanga,
of witchcraft.)
Anga, v. use sorcery, bewitch,
perform incantations, &c. > Watu wa
Donge humwangia uehawiwao waka-
miia, the people of Donge practised
their enchantments upon him, and
killed him. (Not often in Z.,
where tiganga, uehawi, and loga are
usual. Cf. mwanga, wanga.}
Angaa,v. See Ng'aa. (Cf. ang-
alia.}
-angafu, a. (angafu with D 5 (S),
D 6), (i) bright, shining, luminous,
radiant, polished, emitting (trans-
mitting, reflecting) light; (2) enlight-
ened, intellectual, clever, quick-witted.
Maji maangafu, gleaming (glassy,
clear) water. (Cf. anga and
derivs.)
Angaika, v.bein suspense (anxious,
confused, distressed, excited, &c.).
Cs. angaisha, -shwa, make anxious,
&c. (Cf. angana, and perh.
ANGALIA
13
ANGUKA
angaa, anga, and syn. fathaika, su-
tnbuka, taharuki.^
Angalia, v. (i) have the eyes open
(to), pay attention (to), observe,
notice; (2) be careful, beware (of),
take care. Angalia! (Imperat.),
see! observe! take care! Haangalii,
he does not attend (is careless, is
unobservant). Ps. angaliwa. Nt.
angaJika. Ap. anga-lilia, -liliwa,
lilika. Cs. (seldom ) angaliza, -i*wa.
(Specialized from same root a
and its derivatives. Cf. -angaftfu,
uangalizi.}
-angalifu, a. careful, observant,
attentive. '(Cf. augalia, uangalifu.}
Angama, v. be in mid-air, be sus-
pended, hang. A. tnnazimi, be left
hanging in a cocoanut tree. A.junya
/*, be caught in the boughs of a
tree, when falling. (A St. form,
atigika, and Rv. angua, and
poss. anga. Also follg.)
Angamia, v. be ruined, be lost,
be utterly undone, perish. Watu
wengi wameangamia vitani, many
perished in war. A. mwiluni, he-
lost (perish N in the forest. Nt. (sel-
dom) angamika, e.g. Mali yangu
:mika, my property is ruined.
:zwa, ruin, spoil,
destroy. (Apparently Ap. of an-
gama, which see, with generalized
meaning ; cf. uangamizi.}
Angaza, v. (i) be light, give li^ht,
be bright, shine, e.g. macho y a ktta-
ngasa, bright (sharp, observant) eyes.
Mwanga wa taa unaangaia >
yotc, the li:;lit of the lamp gives light
to the whole house ; (a) look .
x attention (on), soi
with mat ho, e.^'. .ntgaza macko, keep
s open (lit. make the eyes
. Angaza mali yaJto> keep a
ye on vour property; (3) re-
i wake, keep watch at
k^aza nsiktt kmha >
awake the who 1
witljrtr (4) fig. o;
MM. Ap. ang-asia, -asiwa,
-azika, e. g. kwan it kuniangazia ma-
cho? \Vhy look - at me?
Cs. ang-azisha, ishwa. Rj .
zana. -. of (angaa) ngaa,
also Intens., cf. anga, angalia, ng'aa^
mwangaza, -angafu, &c. And cf.
syn. common in Z., (i) kaza macho,
kodoa, gaze, stare ; (2) mulika, give
light ; (.V' kesha, keep awake, and
kaa macho?)
Angika. v. hang up, hang, sus-
pend, esp. against a wall on a peg or
hook or on a branch. Ps. at.
Ap. ang-ikia, -ikiiva, -ikika. Cs.
ang-iJtisha, *ikishwa. (Cf. anga~
ma, angita, change, i.e. /
mwango, ? anga. Also syn. tungtka,
tundika, both Nt. forms with act.
meaning, as anika,fnnika, &c.)
-angu, a. of pron. i 1
mine, of me. (Cf. -ake for 1':
use of mi/ft t, mu'cnycive for emphasis.)
Angua, v. (i) let fall, drop, take
down, throw down, e.g. fm
2) let out suddenly, utter,
vent, e.g. a. embe (nazi, &c.), thiow
down mangoes (cocoanuts, &c.).
Sttltani akaangua kilio, the Sultan
: it to a cry. Also (3) hatch,
e.g. a. tnayai, hatch eggs, a. tvaana,
hatch out young birds (not 'lay.
is zaa, taga). Ps. anguliv .
anguka, which see. A p. angn~lia,
-Hwa, -lika. Cs. angu-sha, -shwa>
-shia, -shiwa, often intens., i
make fall, throw do\v
(a) fig. bring to rain, send as a blow
(corse, disaster). Afuungu am*-
mwangushia mabaya, God has sent
of root
found in an$ika t anganta, which see,
also anguka, and syn. shua, shusha.
Dist. hvangua.}
Anguka, v. (i) fall, fall down,
drop, have a downward movement
n, tendency); (a) fig. meet
istcr, be ruined ; (3) happen,
(l) fall on, before, &c.);
(l) come upon, fall in with.
mwangukiamiguu, : I down
ANGUKO
before his feet, they submitted to him.
Kuatigukiwa no, msiba, to be the
victim of a calamity. Akaangitkia
mji mgeni, and he lighted upon a
strange city. Ukaangitka msiba
tnkulnva mno, and a very great
mourning took place. (Nt. of angua,
cl.anguko, also angika, angama, and
notes.)
Anguko, n. (ma-\ C 1 ) a fa\l,drop
(downward), a down ward movement,
&c. ; (2) ruin, fall; (3) something
fallen, a ruin. Maanguko ya majt
(ya into), waterfall (also maporo-
moko). (Cf. anguka, maangatmzi,
&c.)
*Ania, v. intend, resolve, set the
mind on, desire. No deriv. common.
(Arab. Cf. syn. Kusudia, azimu, and
B. taka. Nia seems a different
word.)
Anika, v. set out to dry, expose
to sun (or air), air> dry. A. nguo
(mchele, &c.), dry clothes (rice, &c.)
Ps. anikwa. Ap. anikia, -iwa.
dry for (at, with, &c.). Kamba
ya kuanikia nguo, a clothes-line
Cs. anik-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. anua
and syn. kausha.)
*Anisi, v. please, give pleasure to
gratify the desires of. IVanapigt
ngoma kiva ajili kutuanisi, thej
are drumming in order to please
us. (Arab. Cf. anasa, and syn
rithisha. B. pendeza.)
*Ankra, n. invoice, account, bil
of sale, reckoning. (Hind, used in
commerce. Cf. Arab, orotha)
*Anna, n. one-sixteenth of a rupee
value 12 pies, or 4 pice, i.e. on
penny. (Hind.)
Anua, v. take out of the sun (c
air, or rain), put under cover (i
shade, in the house). Ps. anuliwt
Nt. anuka, (i) be taken out of th
sun, be dry, have done airing ; (2
(of weather) be dry, have done rain
ing, clear up. Kumeanuka, it ha
cleared up, it is fine again. Ar
anu-lia, -liwa, &c. Sina mtu w
kunianulia nguo, I have no one t
14 APA
o and bring in the clothes for me.
Iv. of same root as anika.)
*Anwani, n. heading, title, ad-
ress (of a letter), direction, general
ascription. Andika a. ya banta,
rite the address of a letter. Tu-
aingia katika anwani ya vyakula,
re are entering on the subject of
ietetics. (Arab.)
Anza, v. begin, commence, start,
e the beginning, be the first. Anza
azi, begin work. Kazi yaanza,
vork begins. Anza kusema, begin
o speak. Kivanza, Infin., and ya
wanza, used as adv., 'first, firstly,
n the first place, to begin with.' -a
wanza, first (ordinal of most, one).
J s. anzwa. Nyumba imcanzwa ku-
enga, or imeanza kujeng-wa,\hz house
las begun to be built. Nt. anzika.
Ap. anz-ia, -iwa. Also anz-ilia,
ilhva, -ilika, make a beginning of,
make an attempt at. Cs. anz-isha,
ishwa, -ishia, &c.,set on foot, insti-
ute, found, see put in hand, start.
Also anz-ilisha, and -iliza, which can
je used of special earnestness, effort,
or occasion. (Cf. mwanzo, kwanza.)
*Anzwani, n. Johanna (island).
*Ao, conj. also au, or; aoao,
either or. (A. Cf. ama t and dis-
unct. wafa.)
-ao, a. of pron. 3 Pers. P., their,
theirs, of them. (Cf. -ake for prefixes,
and use of woo, ivenyewe, for em-
phasis.)
Apa, v. swear, take an oath, utter
an oath. A. Korani, swear by the
Coran. Sisadiki, apa yamini, I do
not believe, swear by your right hand.
Ps. apwa. Ap. apia, swear to
(about, with, in, &c.). Akaniapia
na kiapo, and he swore to me with
a formal oath. Cs. (i) apisha (also
afya\ -ishwa, cause to swear, put on
oath, administer an oath to, adjure,
conjure; (2) ap-tsa, -iziua, usually
Intens. with special sense, swear at,
imprecate against, denounce, curse,
abjure. Apizana, curse each other.
Rp. apiana, take an oath together,
API
15
ASHERATI
oin in swearing. (Cf. uafo, wafto,
kiapo y afi
Api, or attached to a word ending
with -ch -pi, same as waf>i t where?
(which sec).
Apizo. n. (wa-) curse, impreca-
(Cf. afa, and syn. /a<:
*Arabuni, n. (i) earnest-money,
deposit, advance, payment to secure
future service ; (2) with -ni locative,
in Arabia. (Ar. For Uarabuni,
see Afwarabu.}
*Ari, n. scandal, shame, disgrace,
dishonour. .Yikiona ari, ulimwengu
wanifhitkiza, if I feel dishonoured,
everything is hateful to me. (Ar.
Cf. aibit, fcththa, haya?)
*Aria, n. part, section, party, fol-
lowing. (? Hind.)
*Arifu, v. inform, report, let know,
give instructions about, csp. in writ ing,
by letter, e.g. baada ya salaam, na-
i, after good wishes, I
proceed to inform you as follows.
Ps. arifiiva. Ap.arif-ia, -twa, &c.
11-informed, ingenious, know-
ing* (Ar. Cf. niaart/a, taarifu, and
syn. hubiri?)
*Aroba, n. and a., also Ar*ba,
Arboa, four. (Arab., used mainly
;;nction with some other Ar.
numeral, as aroba mia, 400.
crwise usually the
B. syn. nne, -tint.}
*Aro . forty. Used
also in technical senses, irrespective
of numlicr, e.g. (i) of a chief's body-
of a ceremonial interval, sometimes
\\ of the four weeks after
. Alipotoka katika arobaim,
weeks old. -a aro-
(Ar. See Aroba.
manned)
ArobstaJjharn
irobatashara) fourteenth,
i tlroba. B.
*.)
fa) laii
' soil ' as a substance, barra,
to bahari, sea ; nlaya antl -filaya, of
territorial divisions ; ituhi, the com-
syn.)
*Arusi, n. also Harusi,
je ceremony, a wedding, nuj>-
tials ; (2) the marriage fen-
bride, bridegroom. (A. ni mantbo
yateridwayo, nninie akiptlekwa kwa
mkc, Arusi is all that is done when
a man is conducted to hi
;// a> usi, leo ataingia nyu
yonder is thr in, to-day he
Will enter the bride's house. 7V/-
memUta arusi kwa mumewc, we
have brought the bride to her hus-
band. (Ar. the initial Ain being
often heard as a faint h in Swah, Cf.
nikaha, and syn. B. ndoa, m,;
*Asali, n. sweet syrup of several
kinds, (i) a. ya nyuki, from bees,
'honey' ; (2) a. ya MIM, from sugar-
cane, ' treacle, molasses ' ; (3) a. ya
Umbo, made by boiling
(Ar.)
Asha, v. (i) for akisha, Cs. of aAa,
build, which see; (a) for aekisha,
Cs. of acha, which see. (Also in
Ar. a woman's name. Dist. washa,
Cs. of ivaAa, burn.)
*Ashara, n. and a. , ten. (Arab, for
the com n. Appears
in edasham, thenashara^ tishuru,
&c. and fullg.)
*A8horini.n. and a., and IK:
-a ash.
(Ar. Cf. dshara, and B. makttmi
'i.)
Aahekali, a. better (after sick-
ness), improved in com
1. (Ar. for comi:
sijambo, kujamho. &c.)
Aaherati, n. also Huh., Uoh.,
:aqr, debauchery,
fornicati- a. also
ah., dissij
kuyu a<- : \ <rson lead H
:i/lsat/a t and B. /^
ASHIKI
16
ATHIMTJ
*Ashiki, v. have a passion for, be
enamoured of, be in love with.
(Arab. Cf. shauko.)
*Ashiria, v. Ap. make signs to
(with, for, &c.), signal (to), indicate
by signs (to). Ps. ashiriwa. (Ar.
Cf. ishara, and B. syn. onya, onyesha^
*Asi, v. rebel (against), disobey,
mutiny, neglect duty (towards), quar-
rel (with). Asi Muungu (mfalme,
mke\ fail in duty towards God
(king, wife). Ps. asiwa. Ap.
asi-a, -wa t -ka, rebel against (at, on
account of, &c.). Cs. asiska, -shiva,
cause to rebel, abet in disobedience,
&c. Asisha mume na mke, make a
man quarrel with his wife. a.
(also -asi), rebellious, quarrelsome,
undutiful. (Ar. Cf. uasi, maasi,
halifu^
*Asikari, n. ( , **-, and ma-) and
Askari, soldier, policeman, guard,
armed attendant. Andika (tia,
changd] asikari, enlist soldiers.
Cheza a., be drilled. (Ar.)
*Asili, n. (i) origin, source, root
stock; (2) inborn temperament, na-
ture ; (3) essence, fundamental prin-
ciple, ground; (4) ancestry, family.
Watu wa a., original inhabitants,
aborigines. A. yafullani mtumwa,
such and such a man is by origin a
(born) slave. A. yake, atoka -wapi?
Where is his original home ? A. ya
malt, capital (of money). Huyu a.
yake ni mjinga, this man is a born
fool. Hana a. wala fasili, he has
neither root nor branches, i. e. ancestry
or connexions, standing or prospects.
Hdkufanya kwa a., he did not act
rightly (according to principle, pro-
perly). adv. originally, by na-
ture, in old times. (Ar. Cf. syn.
B. mwanzo, chanzo.)
Assububi, n. also Subuhi, TJssu-
btti, morning (in general), time of
morning, earlier part of the day.
As adv., * in the morning,' and often
emphasized by na mapema. _ NJOO
assubuhi na mapema, come in the
morning early. (Ar. with Article
prefixed. Cf. sabalkheri, and ala-
siri, alfajiri, athituri and B. kucha.)
*Asusa, n. something sweet or
pleasant, used to correct an un-
pleasant taste or effect, e.g. something
taken and chewed after a drinking
bout, a corrective, comfort, relief.
(Ar. CL/ara/a.)
-ata, a verbal formative termina-
tion, seeming to convey an idea of
close contact, holding firmly , clasping,
compressing. Cf. ambata, kamata.
Atamia, v. sometimes tamia,
? otamia, sit on eggs, brood (of a hen).
Cs. atamisha mayai, put eggs under
a hen, get a hen to sit on eggs.
(An Ap. verb-form, ?a variant of
otama, sit on the heels, squat on the
ground.)
*Athabu, n. punishment, torture,
chastisement, correction. Tia a.
kali, punish severely. (Ar. Cf.
athibu, and dist. adabu, good be-
haviour.)
*Athama, n. (i) greatness, gran-
deur, glory, exaltation; (2) (also
azama), nose-ring. (Arab. Cf. a-
thimu, and B. utukufu, ukuu.*)
*Athana, n. the cry of the muez-
zin, the Mahommedan call to prayers.
(Arab. Cf. athini, mwathini.}
*Athibu, v. punish, torment,
chastise, physically and otherwise.
Usijiathibu bilashi, do not worry
yourself for nothing (be a self-tor-
mentor). Ps. athibiwa. Nt. athi-
bika. Ap. athib-ia, -iwa, -ika.
Cs. athib-isha, ishwa. Also intens.
Ath. vikali, punish severely, inflict
condign punishment. (Ar.)
*Athima, n. a charm, spell, in-
cantation, e. g. against evil spirits, to
bring back runaway slaves, &c.
(Arab. Cf. follg. and talasimu,
hirizi, dawa.}
Athimia, v. Ap. make a charm
rspell. incantation) against (for, with,
&c.). (Arab. Cf. prec. and dist.
Athimia, Ap. of Athimu, exalt.)
*Athimu, v. honour, exalt, make
much of, celebrate, glorify. Ps. athi-
17
ATARI
N't. athimika. Ap. athim-
:, -ika. Siku ya kuathimika,
a day to be kept (celebrated), a me-
morable day. Cs. athimisha,
cause to honour (be honoured), and
intens., honour highly. (Arab.
Cf. athania, and B. syn. tukvza.)
*Athini, v. call to public prayers,
of the muezzin, according to Ma-
hommedan universal custom.
sikia mwathini akiathini, njoo,
when you hear the muezzin calling to
, come. (Arab. Cf. mwa-
thini, athana. In Z. the call is usu.
from the steps at the door of the
Mosque, or from the roof, as only
one mosque has a minaret, and
many are only thatched houses.)
*Athuuri, n. noon, midday, one
of the regular Mahommedan hours of
with Article pre-
' 'f. alasiri, assubuhi, &c., and
K syn. jua kichwani, jua kati t saa
sita mfhana.)
*Ati, a common int. or expletive,
;ng surprise, or calling atten-
tion, ' I say, come now, look here,
you see.' Unaniumiza a//, you are
hurting me, I tell you. Ati wtwe
uliopo, u mtii gani ? I say, you there,
what is your tribe?
*Atia, n. also Hatia, present,
free gift, and as adv. gratis, as a gift,
'hing. I'ittt h.
mtoto U'ake atia, these things he has
given to his child as a free gift.
(Arab., one of the less .
words for 'present.' Cf bakshishi,
%awadi t and notes. In the form ha-
represents A in.)
Atua. v. split, crack, e.g. of split-
ti n g logs for firewood. Nt. aluka.
-ifatuka kwa juctj the ground
is cracked by the heat of the son.
(Cf. chanja, pasua, tcma.}
*Au, conj., also Ao, or. Auau,
. a ma, and
the disjunct, wala.}
Aua,
trace, track out. A. shamba. survey
an estate. , follow up
tracks of men or animals. Ps. ow/i-
wa. Nt.au>6a. ShambalotelitncaukA,
the whole plantation has been in-
spected. Ap. an-lidi -/iu-a, -lika,
sun-ty for (with, by, &c,). Vipand*
vya kuaulia, surveying instruments.
Cs. au-sha, e. g. cause (employ, send)
to survey, show about, show the
sights of. (Cf. kagua, angalia^
tazayiia. Aua is sometimes used for
Eua, which see.)
*Auni, v. also Awini, assist,
help. n. assistance, help. (Ar.
Cf. more usual nisaada, saidia.)
*Aushi, n. endurance, permanence,
durability, wear, quality of lasting.
A't'tu cha a., a tough lasting material
or substance. Yuna a., he has lived
long, he lasts well. (Ar. CL
ishi, maisha, and s)-n. uduntu.)
*Awala, n. See Hawala. (Ar.)
*Awali, n. beginning, start, first
place. Also a. first, and adv. (i)
firstly, at first; (2) just, nearly, al-
most. A.waincki, border, boundary
of a country. Awali ni awaJt,
a-wali mbovu hapana, first is first,
there is no bad first. Toka awali
hatta ahtri, from first to h^
stan to finish. Awali Muungu,
Here goes I Here's for luck ! a work*
man's rejoinder to the overseer's call
Kaul Work hard, or Jembel Dig
away. (Ar. for common li. mwa-
n*o t kwatua.)
*Awas, v. distribute, allot, ar-
range, dispose. (Arab, for com-
mon B. gawa, tatgnuM. Cf. Arms*
Awesia, n. one kind of native
ailing vessel, having perpendicular
stem, high rodder head, and sharp
Cf. chombo %
>te.)
Ay a, n. a short section or division
of a book, esp. of the Conn.
(Arab. Ct/**)
Ayari, n. (i) impostor, impudent
cheat, knave, rogue (Ar.
naut., shroud, roue supporting the
roast of a shij >. 1 Ar. ur I Imd.;
AYIKA
18
BAB
*Ayika, v. for yeyuka, which see.
Aza, v. for waza, which see.
*Azama, n. See Athama (2).
*Azima, v. also Azima, and
Azimu, resolve, purpose, propose,
intend, decide on. Akaazima safari
kwenda barra y and he determined on
a journey up country. Ps. azimwa.
Nt. azimika. Ap. azim-ia, -iwa }
-ika, decide about (for, against, &c.).
Cs. azim-isha, -izhwa. Also Intens.
n. resolve, purpose, plan, design,
proposal. (Ar., and for n. cf.
mradi, and shauri. Dist. azima for
athima, and azima, as follg.)
*Azima, v. lend, borrow, in mo-
ney or kind. Ps. azimwa. Ap.
azim-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. azim-
isha, -ishwa. Rp. azimana.
n. loan, debt, advance, money or
credit. (?Hind. Dist. azima prec.,
and athima. Cf. deni, kopa.}
*Aziri, v. slander, bring into dis-
repute, disparage. (Arab, for com-
mon B. singizia, chongea, and cf.
tzara.)
*Azizi, n. a rarity, wonder, curi-
osity, treasure. Azizi ni kitu kisi-
choenea watu> azizi means something
uncommon, not widely known. Also
a., precious, rare, valuable. Pame-
ingia mjini kitu azizi, a great curio-
sity has arrived in the town. (Arab.
Cf. tunu, ajabu^)
, *Azur, n. perjury. See Zuri.
(Arab.)
B.
B represents the same sound as
in English.
B in some words is not distin-
guished from p in common talk, e.g.
bofu and pofu, babua and papua,
bogoa and pogoa, boromoka and poro-
moka.
Words not found jinder B may
therefore be looked for under P, and
vice versa.
B in some words appears as z>'in
kindred words (cf. interchange of
p and /), e.g. gomba and ugomvi,
iba and itivt, omba and maomvi or
mao mbi, jambia andjamvia, kumbi
and kumvi.
B as initial sound of a root, when
preceded by an n prefix, causes a
euphonic change of n into m, e. g.
ubavu, plur. mbaini for nbavu, and
mbek for nbele from ubele.^ Also
when an n prefix precedes initial w of
a. root, mb takes the place of nw,
e.g. uivingu, plur. mbingu for
rnvingu. (n, b and iv appear to be
alternative sounds in some words.
Cf. uwinda and ubinda!)
*Baa, n. (i) evil, trouble, disaster,
plague, nuisance; (2) a reprobate,
villain, bore. Baa pia 'hutokana na
vijana na watumwa, all troubles
proceed from children and slaves.
Baa la kujitakia, a self-caused evil.
(Ar. Cf. shari, msiba, ukorofi.}
*Baada,adv. or Bada, Badu, after,
afterwards, of time, and only of
space ' behind,' so far as it is some-
times involved in the idea of suc-
cession, following after, coming next
to or behind. Contr. nyuma.
Seldom used alone, but commonly
(i) with ya, forming a preposition,
after, in succession to, next to.
Baada ya salaam nakuarifu, after
good wishes, I beg to inform you, a
phrase introducing the substance of
a letter after the formal complimen-
tary opening ; (2) with yake, often in
combination, baadaye, and general
reference, ' after it, thereafter, after-
wards, then, next.' (Ar. CLbado,
ivabadahu*.}
Baamwezi. See Mbalamwezi.
*Baathi, a. some, a portion of,
generally with ya, e.g. baathi ya
wdtu, some of the people,-like
watu wangine, nussya "watu. (Ar.)
*Bab, n. kind, sort, class, use
sometimes in commerce of goods,
e g. bob ulaya, European goods,
i.'e. for or from .Europe. Panga
bab-bab (or babu-babti}^ arrange in
classes, according to kind. (Arab.
Cf. atna, namna, ginsi.}
BABA
10
BADO
*Baba, n. (i) father; (a) uncle on
father's side ; (3) ancestor ; (4) pa-
tron, .protector, guardian. Baba
haswa is used to denote and em-
phasize actual paternity. //
baba yanga haswa, this is my real
father. Paternal uncles are. distin-
1 as mkubwa, if older, and
mdogo, if younger, than the father.
baba wakubwa wawili na
mmoja mdogo, I have two uncles
older than my father and one younger.
Baba wa kambo, step-father. Baba
is treated grammatically as D i , in
respect of the agreement < :
and of all adjectives except the Pro-
nominal. These latter are used in
the forms agreeing with D6, com-
monly in the sing.J almost al
the plur. for the sake of
ness, and these forms often coalesce
with baba. Baba mwema, a kind
father. Baba hataki kwenda, my
father refuses to go. Baba -wake (or
babake}, baba yakc (or babayc), his
father. Hut baba zoo (or babazo],
rather than the ambiguous baba woo,
their fathers. Baba ya watoto, a
kind of owl. (Cf. babu, and syn.
aniu, and (list, nt/omba.)
Babaika, v. stutter, stammer, hesi-
tate in speaking, talk as in sleep.
(C(.guffumiza,/>a]
Babata, v. tap, strike lightly, as
* smith on thin ir
Babu, n. :her; (a) an-
cestor, ancient. (For grammatical
treatment cf. baba. Also cf. bibi,
grandmother, and mzte, ancestor.)
Badala, n. and Badili, (i
change, or for barter,
a substitute, an equivalent, a swop;
(a) a person filling the place or
f another, substitute, rcpre-
f, successor. Hadala ya, in
lead of. Cf. badili,
and mahali 'pa, in place of.)
Badani, n. the front or back
rning the body of
n native dress, tun-it, also called
time. (?A:.
*Badili, v. change, become
changed, exchange (whether by
giving or taking), interchange, alter-
nate, act reciprocally, exhibit suc-
cessive changes. Esp. of exchange
of goods, i. e. barter. Used both
act. and neut. B. mali, baiter
goods, B. fetha, change money,
whether for other coin or its equiva-
lent. B. zamu, relieve guard, take
an appointed turn or spell of work,
&c. B. ngw, change clothes, put
on another suit. Ps. badili^
badilika, change, be changed, be
capable of change, be fit for ex-
change, be liable to change, &c.
A p. badil'ia, -t'tva, -iba. Cs.
badil-isha, -ishwa t -ishanc..
badilishana, of several persons,
cause each other to exchange, agree
upon terms of barter, wrangle over
a sale. Rp. badi liana, e. g. of
several persons engaged in a
of exchange or barter. Sometimes
Redupl. badili-l>adili, of frequent,
rapid, or vex
As contr. with B. geuka, geuta, &c.,
both imply change, alteration, and
so far can often be usod com
but change in bcuiili properly im-
plies only anothtr thing or state,
in geuka, another and a different
thing or state, i.e. a change of
quality, condition or form, altera-
tion as well as substitution, succes-
sion, Ac. Thus badili nguo would
properly mean, put on another suit
of clothes, gtuta nguo, put on a suit
of a different kind (m a
dition). Badtli mali, exchange
goods, gtuia mali, make goods
better or worse.) n. (ma*\
change, 'exchange, . suc-
cessive change, rei*titi<>n. I'su. in
Ar. Cf. badala, -bad*.
rws/, &C.)
-badilifu. a. (i) changing,
(a) of
character, whim-
B i
Bado. ndv. i of time, sttCOC**
c a
BAFE
sion, subsequence, ' yet, as yet, (not)
yet'; (2) of accession, addition, 'still,
still more, further, moreover, as well,
to boot.' Very common after a
negat. verb, and esp. in the deferred
tense, e. g. amekuja ? Has he come ?
Ans. Hajaja 6., he has not yet come,
or merely bado, i. e. (not) yet. Yuko ?
Is he there? Ans. Yuko b. y He is
still there, or hayuko b., he is not
there as yet. Often too with an
infin. loosely, with negative force,
b. kujua, there is no knowing as yet.
Vita b. kwisha, the war is not yet
over. Bwana b. kuantka, my master
is not yet awake. B. analala, he is
still asleep. B. -ngine, still (yet)
another. B. kidogo, yet (still) a little,
i. e. soon, presently, wait a bit
Utapata 6., you will get it presently
Mtujamaayao na b. mtti wa serkali,
a kinsman of theirs and moreover
a government official. (Ar. Cf.
baada. Bado implies succession,
futurity, and so, expectation, and by
implication, negation, i.e. the not-
Bafe, n. a venomous kind of snake.
(Cf. nyoka.}
*Bafuta, n. also B&futa, a thin
kind of bleached calico, used esp.
for lining a kanzu (which see). Dif-
ferent qualities are distinguished as
B. ingereza (fine), B.fransa (thicker) ,
B. dondo (dressed), B. maradufu
(heavy), &c. (Hind. See Nguo.)
*Bagala, n. also B&gala, a kind
of native sailing vessel, large,
square stern, high poop, and long
prow, used esp. in trade with India.
Sometimes double - masted. See
Chombo. (? Hind.)
*Baghala, n. also Bagbla, a
mule. (Ar. Cf. B. nyumbu, used
as syn. in Z.)
Bagua, v. separate, put apart,
divide off. B. yaliyo yako, pick out
what is yours. Nt. baguka, be sepa-
rated, be at variance, quarrel. Ba
gukana, be in hostile parties, quarrel
together. (Cf. the common tenga.}
BAINI
*Bahari, n. (i) sea; (2) fig. of
what is of vast extent. B. knit, the
high seas, ocean. B. ya Sham, Red
Sea. B. il all, Persian Gulf. B.
Rum, Mediterranean, i.e. Sea of
Constantinople. Watu ivanaozama
katika bahari ya maneno, people who
plunge into the ocean of words, i. e.
embark on etymological studies.
(Ar. Cf. bakaria. Also opp. barra,
B. inchi Aavu.)
*Baharia, n. ( , and ma-), sailor,
one of ship's company. > .( Ar * ^
bahari, and B. mwana maji.')
*Bahasha, n. ( , and ma-}, case,
satchel, bag, packet, paper box (or,
cover). Bahashaya nguo, a bundle
of clothes. Sometimes used to de-
scribe an envelope.' (? Hind.)
*Bahati, n. (i) fortune, chance,
luck; (2) esp. good fortune, good
.
luck. Kwa b,, by chance, by good
luck. B. njema (mbaya), good (bad)
fortune. Ndio 6. yake, that is his
good luck. Tumia b., do a thing at
random, take the chance, risk every-
thing, make a plunge, speculate, trust
to luck. (Ar. Seefollg. Cf. syn.
nasibu?)
*Bahatisria, v. guess, make a ven-
ture, speculate, trust to luck. Ps.
bahatishwa. (Ar. Cf. bahati, and
syn. kisi.)
*Bahili, n. and a., also Bakhili,
and -bahili, a miser, miserly, cove-
tous, grasping, parsimonious, i. e.
mwenyi kuweka malt, one who hoards
his money. Mali ya bahili huliwa
na dudu, a miser's wealth gets
worm-eaten. (Ar. Cf. ubahili,
-kabithi, and for the idea, roho, choyo,
tamaa.}
*Baina, n. clearness, clear know-
ledge, certainty. Hapana b., there
is no certainty (clear evidence). (Ar.
Cf. baini, follg. and uthahiri, ha-
*Baini, v. and Bayini, (i) see
clearly, know, distinguish, recognize ;
(2) make clear, prove, show ; (3) be
clear, be manifest, be plainly shown,
BAJIA
21
BALOZI
this sense more usual with the Nt.
bainika, Ps. baini
amebainiu>a t the thief has been de-
tected. Nt. bainika, be shown, be
made clear. A p. /
-ika^ -ikia , - ikatta. C s. bain-isha,
-ishiva, &c., intens. make very
plain, clearly distinguish, demonstrate.
a. and -bainifu, clear, plain, de-
monstrable, evident, well-known,
notorious. n. also Baina, which
see. adv. See Beina. (Ar.
Cf. bayini, ubainf, bayana, mbayana,
v&ayanaf and syn. thihiri, ivazi.)
*Bajia, n. a small cake of ground
beans and pepper (Sir.). (? Hind.)
Bajuni, n. (ma-}, native from coast
north of Mombasa. See Mgunya.
*Baki, v. remain over, be left, stay
behind. Ap. baki-a, -iwa, remain
over to (for, in, &c.). Walibakitva
rrta/i, they had property remaining
over to them. Cs. baki-sha, -shwa,
-sXtia, or bakiza, leave behind, cause
to remain. Kp. bakiana, of several
persons or things, remain behind all
together (by consent). n. ( ,
and ma-, also bakia (ma-) and -0),
(i) that which remains o
mainder, residue; (2) in Arithm,,
subtraction. Baki ya vihr<.
remainder of the men-servants. (Ar.
>yn. saa (ma-), salio, &c.)
Bakora, n. a walking-stick, usu-
ally of a white wood (the bt
mtobwe, which see) with to]
an angle, a: ir^er at the
lower end. Alipigwa b. JL-umi, lie got
kes with a stick. (Various
kinds of sticks are/wAtf, ujtto, (*i)-
. mpweke, Kipigi, mtobw*.)
'Bakahishi, n. gratuity, \\
ggar's dole, fee. (A great
rds and expressions de-
oiats of
,11 be found in t!..
Some are of a general kind, e.g. aJa,
his hi, ma-
..tiwadi, /;
daya, Into , other* of
special character, for various occa-
sions of charity, congratulation, affec-
tion, briber)', &c., e.g.
kumbit) kisalama, kifukusa,
mlungiila, rushwa, kijiri,
o, or taken from a common
form of present, e. g. nfto, kilemba,
pesa, or from the sen-ice n \
uongozi, ttchukuzi, makombozi, n:ao-
kozi (and many words of similar
formation), or from the immediate
effect in view, e.g. kipa mkono, ki~
nyosha mgongo, fcifungiia mlango,
and many others.)
*Bakuli, n. ( , and ma-}, a large,
deep basin, dish, or pan of earthen-
ware. Dim. kiba&uli. (Ar.)
*Balaa, n. sorrow. (Arab, for
common httzuni, &c.)
Balamwezi, n. also Baamwezi,
moonshine. See Mbalamwezi.
Balanga, n. a disease producing
light-coloured patches on a dark skin,
? a form of leprosy.
*Balari, n. a kirid of chisel.
id.)
*Balaai, n. (ma-\ a very large
kind of jar (of stone or earthenware,
with narrow mouth), used esp. for
storing water. Said to come from
the Persian Gulf. (? Pcrs. Cf. *a-
siki, which is smaller. Balasi also
means ' leprosy ' in Arab., and is
used so in Z. Cf. ukcma.}
*Balehi, v. grow up, come to
(sexual) maturity, become marriage*
able. AmebaUhi sasa, aptwe mx* t
; Mbalehe
(TWJI-), boy or girl growh:
ing on manhood or womanhood,
developed, marriageable. (Ar. Cf.
syn. kornaa, pcvuka and ubalthe,
-pant, -zima.'}
Bali ?, nay, rat!
the contrary. (Arab. Cf. more
Balor.i. n. ";<:-, also Barosi,
which see, and Balyoni, consul,
1 agent (? '1
ubarozi.}
BALUNGI
22
BANIYA
*Balungi, n. (tna-\ citron the
fruit of mbalnngi. (Hind.)
Bamba, n. (ma-}, a flat thin piece
(esp. of metal), a sheet, plate, or
strip of metal. Mabamba ya chuma
hoop-iron. Also of card-board, mill-
board. Dim.kibamba. (Cl.mbamba,
-embamba, and follg.)
Bambo, n. (i) an iron instrument
grooved and pointed, used for draw-
ing a sample from a sack of gram ;
fa) (ma-}, long cord-like strip of
plaited grass, used for making coarse
mats and baskets, and for- cording a
native bedstead. (Cf. shupatu, also
ubambo, mbamba, bamba.}
*Bamia, n. same as Binda, n.
(which see).
Bamvua, n. (ma-}, spring tide
(Cf. syn. maji makuu.}
Bana, v. hold as in a vice, press
squeeze, pinch. Also in neut. sense
stick fast, jam. Ps. baniwa. Nt
banika, be fixed, e.g. between two
sticks, for roasting by a fire. Also
used act., set to roast at fire. Ap.
ban-ia, -iwa, -ika, press to (with, in
&cA Jibania nguo, gird oneselt
tightly, fasten one's clothes tight, as
for work, a journey, &c. Cs. ban-
iza, ban-za. Jibanza ukutam, squeeze
oneself up against a wall, to allow
something to pass. Rp. banana.
(Cf. danua, bano, mbano, banzt,
kibanzi, and syn. kaza, songa, &c.)
*Banada, n. also Banaderi, the
ports on the Somali coast north of
Zanzibar, esp. Barawa, Marka, Mag-
desh, Warsheikh, &c., now in the
Italian Protectorate (1902). (Ar
Cf. bandar i.}
*Banagiri, n. ( , and ma-}, also
Banajili, armlet, bracelet, in Z.
usually of silver a broad band orna-
mented with blunt projecting points.
(Hind. Cf. kikuku, and for such
ornaments generally, urembo.}
Banda, n. (ma-}, large shed, work-
shop, factory covered, open at the
sides. B. la frasi, stable.
kibanda.
*Bandari, n. harbour, anchorage,
roadstead, port. B. ni mahali pa
piuani watu ivashukapo, a bandan is
a place on the shore where people
dfsembark. (Ar. Cf. banada.}
*Bandera, n. See Bendera.
Bandi, n. (ma-}, stitching, A row
of stitches, a stitch, esp. of the coarser
kinds of sewing. Fanya (piga, shona}
bandi, baste, tack, run (m sewing).
(Ci.ponta, shuJiu, and see Shona.)
Bandia, n. puppet, toy-figure, doll.
Mtoto wa bandia, a doll, often made
of plaited grass, stuffed with rice.
Bandika, v. put on, stick on,
fasten on, apply, attach, esp. of caus-
ing something to adhere to a surface,
also ' add , place in addition to.' Some
times fig. and neut., e.g. Amewa-
bandika, he has attached himself to
them, he sticks to them, of an un-
pleasant companion. B. dawa, apply
a plaster (in medicine). Ps. ba-
ndikwa. Ap. bandik-ia, -iwa. Cs.
bandik-isha, -ishwa,-iza, -izwa. Ba-
ndikisha vyombo,^ on an extra load
add to a load. (Cf. kandika, and
follg., and n. pandika, pandtkiza.)
Bandua, v. take off, detach, re-
move, strip off, peel off, relieve of.
Nt banduka. Hawambanduki M-
zitngu, they never leave (part com-
pany with) the European. Umsugue
hatta nibandttke maganda, rub me,
till my shell comes off of a tortoise.
(In form and sense a Rv. form of
Bandika, but no deriv. or cogn. forms
common. Cf. mbanduko^
*Banduru ; n. bilge, place in ship s
hold from which water is baled out,
ship's well.
*Bangi, n. bhang, leaf of mbangi
or Indian hemp, often chewed and
smoked, and used in various sweet
preparations. A strong intoxicant.
[Hind. Cf. mbangi, paru, boza, ma-
\ itini, afyuni.}
*Baniani, n. (ma~\ a Banyan.
See Banyani.
*Baniya, n. the Caaba at Mecca.
(Arab, a building.)
BANJA
23
BARIKI
Banja, v. crack, break, e.g. a nut.
Bano, n. (ma-), a carpenter's tool
for holding work in position, cramj>,
holcllast. (Cf. bana, mbano.)
Banua, v. loosen, unfasten, slacken
pressure, e. g. open the jaws of a vice.
:nka. Ban-ulia, -uliwa. (Rv.
of bana.)
*Banyani, n. (ma-"), Banyan, hea-
then Indian, usually track:
Cutch.
Banzi, n. ( , and ma-), thin strip
of wood, or split stick, used for
holding fish, meat, &c., to toast by
a fire. (Cf. bana, and ' dim. ki-
banzi.)
Bao, n. (ma-}. See Bau.
Bapa, n. also TJbapa, used of a
broad flat, or slightly rounded, sur-
face, e.g. b. la ufanga, the flat blade
of a sword, the flat side as opp. to
the sharp edge (ma&ali). B. la uso,
broad forehead or broad cheek (face).
B. la h'su, knife blade. (Cf. &-
ngcc.)
*Bara, n. See Barra.
*Bara-bara, a. also Baraba, just
as it should be, quite right, exact,
proper, without a flaw. Ndipo matnbo
yawe baraba, so all may be well.
J*etha hii ni baraba, this is the exact
sum. Athuuri baraba, just noon.
-1.)
*Barafu, n. ice. Tukakuta barafu
juu ya trteza imeganda, and we found
ice formed on Oic table. (Ar.)
Baragumu,n.( ,and ma-), 'horn'
used as a musical instrument, 'trumpet,
war-horn,' blown through a hole near
the small end. (Cf. panda, p<mbc,
. . for similar instruments.)
Baraji, n. rope attached to the
after end of the yard-ana in a native
rd. (CL hamarawi, and
forov
Baraka, n. ( , and ma-), also
Mbaraka (mi-), (i) a blessing, gencr-
2) (special forms of blessing,
as) prosperity, progress, ad-
vanta^ of food, abundant
harvest, &c.; (3) a favour, gilt
Tuna b. bo, we are getting on well
to-day. (Ar. Cf. bariti, mbarata.)
*Barakoa, n. a mask, covering the
face down to the mouth, all but the
eyes, worn in public by Arab and
Mahommedan women generally of
the upper class. (Ar.)
'Barathuli, n. See Barazuli.
*Barawai, n. a swallow.
*Baraza, n. (i) place of public
audience or reception. In Z. a stone
seat in the entrance hall, or against
the wall outside a house, or a raised
platform with stone seats and some-
times roofed over in front of the
house, for receiving strangers, hold-
ing audiences, and transacting busi-
ness. Hence also (a) a meeting,
reception, public audience, coui
(3) members of a council, cabinet,
committee. (Ar. Cf. barizi.)
*Baraculi, n. a dull-witted heavy
man, simpleton, dupe, one wh
made a butt of by his companions.
Ar. Cf. mjinga, msuzu.)
*Baridi, n. (i) cold, coldness,
chill, dampness ; (a) wind, air, draft ;
(3) coolness, refreshnu rom
heat and exhaustion (4)
fig. coldness of manner, dullness, lack
of interest, repelling aspect or tone.
(Thus baridi may imply both pleasant
and unpleasant sensations, but the
verb burudisha, &c, is always used
of what has a pleasant effect) B.
nyingi, high winds, or great cold.
ya 6., (i) cold water, opp. to
majiya moto, hot water ; or (a) fresh
water, as opp. to majiya ckumvi (ya
bahari), salt (sea) water. (Cf. maji
ya mvua, maji matamtt % 5cc.) B.
yabis, rheumatism. Mane*o ya 6.,
ides, or chilling remarks.
Cf. burudiska, tmntda, uba> .
Bariki, v. (i) bless, COIISCCM
(a) grant wealth (favour, protpci
&c.) to; (3) knock dowo lo (ft
bidder), accept the bid of at an
tion. Ps. barittHM. Ap. ban
-iwa, give a blernng
& c .). Cs. barik-itka, Intcns. load
BAHIZI
with favours. (Ar. Cf. baraka,
mbaraka, taburuku, and the common
name Mabniki^}
*Barizi, v. (i) hold a reception,
give an audience, summon a council,
receive guests, sit in state ; (2) attend
an audience, go to a council (meeting
reception, &c.) ; (3) sit out of doors,
sit together in a garden, &c. See
Baraza. Sultani anabarizi ho, the
Sultan is holding a court to-day.
Tivabarizi kwa Mzungu, we attend
meetings at a European's house.
(Ar. Cf. baraza.y
*Barra, n. or Bara, (i) 'land in
general, as opp. to sea, b. na bahari,
land and sea ; (2) land as most known
to Swahili, i.e. wild, uncultivated
country, b. tupu, b. nyeupe, bare, un-
occupied land ; (3) the region of the
coast, . ya Waswahili, the Swahili
coastland; and also (4) the hinter-
land as contr. with coast, tangu
pwani hatta b., from the coast to the
interior. B. il asili, mainland, con-
tinent. B. al Hindi, India. Bara-
bara is used descriptively of a bare
open locality, of a broad road or
clearing. Barabarani, out in the
open, on the high road. (Ar. Cf.
Zanzibar, i. e. Zanji-bara, negro
coast.)
*Barua, n. written form, note, bill,
ticket, letter, esp. of formal official
communications, but also generally of
ordinary correspondence, like waraka.
(Ar. Cf. waraka, cheti, hati, and
kibarua.}
*Baruti, n. gunpowder. (Ar
barud.}
*Basbasi, n. mace, the inner husk
of nutmeg (kungu manga). (Ar.
for fennel ?)
*Bashiri, v. (i) bring tidings, re-
port news, announce (esp. of first
tidings, and so) (2) tell in advance,
announce beforehand, predict, fore.-
tell. Ps. bashiriwa. Ap. bashiria,
iwa. Common in the expression
Bashiri heri! May it be good
news! Umbashirie heri, predict
BATI
good luck for him. (Ar. Cf.
mbashiri.}
*Bassi, Bass, (i) conj. very com-
monly used as a connective in narra-
tives, often heading each succeeding
paragraph in a story, * Well, and so,
accordingly, and then'; (2) interj.
generally expressing contentment or
resignation, It is enough, very well,
that will do ' ; but also often an order
or decision, ' Stop that ! That's all 1
Have done with it.' (Hind. Bassi
is one of the commonest and most
characteristic interjections in Swahili,
and capable of conveying very dif-
ferent shades of meaning according
to the tone of voice and expression,
from the highest gratification to the
extreme of mortification and disgust.
In fact, a whole series of distinct
ideas may be conveyed by the same
word, e.g. at the close of a bargain
a dialogue may be heard carried on
with it alone. Bassi? (interroga-
tively and doubtfully), Is that really
all that you can give me, your lowest
terms? Bassi (with decision),
Those are my final terms. Bassi
(with reluctant resignation), Well, I
suppose I must accept it. Bassi (with
an air of satisfaction), Very well ; that
settles the matter. Bassi (final con-
sent), Be it so ! Done ! Agreed !
*Bastola, n. pistol (? same word,
through Arab.).
*Bata, n. (ma-}, a duck. B. la
Bukini, a goose, lit. Madagascar
duck. B. la mzinga, a turkey, pern,
from its note. Kwenda batabata,
walk like a duck, waddle. (Ar.)
*Batela, n. also Betela, a kind of
sailing vessel common at Z., smaller
than bdgala, cut-water sligh'tlv curved
like a boat, square stern and usually
a small quarterdeck. See Chombo.
(Ar.)
*-bathiri, -bathirifu, a. extrava-
gant, prodigal. (Ar. Ci.ubathirifu,
and bat Hi, ubatili.')
*Bati, n. (i) tin, block tin, sheet
tin. Also used of (2) corrugated
BATILI
25
BEBA
iron sheeting (ma-). Tia bati, tin,
cover a copper vessel with tin.
*Batili, v. make worthless, reduce
to nothing, cancel, annul, abolish,
treat as of no use, defy, transgress.
fs.batiliwa. Kt.batilika. Ap.&z/*'/-
Cs. batil'isha, -ishiva, &c.
-batili, a. and -batilifu, worth-
less, invalid, of no use (force, oreffect).
Hoja batili, a futile argument.
iU batili, that marriage is null and
void. (Ar. Cf. ubatili, and 13. syn.
z, v.)
*Batli, n. log, in naut. sense, i. e. a
ship's record or journal. (? Hind.)
Batobato, n. (i) open place
where dancing takes place, dancing-
yard (more commonly kiwanja cha
ngoma in Z.) ; (a) markings, coloured
spots or stripes, of animal or insect.
Also adv. (as if batabata) of waddling,
flat-footed gait. Yule ana batobato,
lie walks Hat-footed. Also kibato-
bato, with various spots (markings).
(Cf. kipaku, and madoadoa.) .
Bau, n. ( , and ), also Bao,
a board, and as contr. with ubau
(ml>au) t a large board ; usually of a
board of special kind or foi
purpose, e.g. a bench or table; and
i a playing-board, for chess,
cards, but most commonly (a) for a
favourite game called Bao simply, or
Bao la mtaji, like a chess-board with
64 (sometimes 32) holes for squares,
and seeds or pebbles for <.
Chcza boo, play the Bao game.
ban is also used of (3) a game, gener-
ally , or victory in a game. Twaliwa-
funga (or twaliwatid) mat'
we won six games. Tia bau, mark
a game, win ; (4) a diviner's board,
esp. bau la nuhanga, a board covered
and, called also ramli (Ar.
for sand) and (locally) kibun
omens. (Cf. ufiau.)
*Baura, n. anchor of European
pattern and make, with tw< flukes
(tnaJ^ombt\ Also called nanga y'a
baura. (Cf. syn. nanga.)
Bavunl, adv. loc., alongside, at
the side. See Ubavu.
Bawa, n. (ma-\ wing of bird or
insect. Dim. kibawa. (Cf. utawa,
wing- feather.)
*Bawaba, n. ( ,and ma-}, hinge.
(Hind. Cf./a//a.)
*Bawabu, n. (wa-), door-k
house-porter, chamberlain, turnkey.
B. iva kifungOy gaoler. (Ar. Cf.
mngojt mlango.)
*Bawasiri, n. piles, haemorrhoids.
(Ar.)
-baya, a. (mbaya, with D 4 (P), D 6,
baya with D 5 (S)), bad, in the widest
sense, i. c. possessing the quality of not
approving itself or being acceptable,
whether materially, morally, intel-
lectually, or aesthetically, i. e. a
quality which is offensive (in what-
ever degree or way) to feelings,
conscience, reason, or taste. It may
therefore be rendered in a great num-
ber of ways in English, e.g. painful,
unpleasant, inconvenient, defective,
ugly, erroneous, wrong, wicked.
(Cf. ubaya, -ovu, -bovu, and the opp.
-tma, -zuri, -zinta,} These and other
words in Swahili express qualities,
the degrees and kinds of which are
not differentiated or clearly
nized. It is impossible, tin
to enumerate the rich variety of Eng-.
lish words, which find their readiest
and sometimes their only mode of
rendering in 'them.
*Bayana, a. and Beyana. See
Baini. (Ar.)
*Bayini,v.anda. See Bain i.
Boeaii, n. (ma-) and Mbaaaai
(wa-\ trader, tradesman, shopkeeper.
!. ubazazi, to/in', mtkt*
Beba, v.* carry on the back, as
native women do their children in
a cloth. I's. betwa. Ap. btb-ta,
-ewa, carry for (in, to, &c.).
beb-csha, -cshwa, place (a child) on
the back (of i). Anyc
na mtoto na abcbc Jiwe, if n
has no child, let her even bring a
stone on her back.
BEBERA
26
BI
Bebera, n. (ma-}, also Beberu,
(i) "he-goat ; (2) a strong man. (Cf.
mbuzi. Beberu, or beru, also means
an extemporized sail, made of loin-
cloth, handkerchiefs, &c.)
*Bedari, n. See Abedari.
*Bedawi, n. (ma-}, a Bedouin,
wanderer, outcast. Mfano wao kama
Mabedawi, they looked like Bedouins.
(Ar.)
*Bedeni, n. a kind of sailing ves-
sel 'from Arabia cut- water and mast
perpendicular, sharp stern, and high
rudder-head. See Chombo. (? Ar.)
*Bse, int. also Ebbe, for Lebeka,
which see. n. See Bei.
*Beek, int. for Lebeka, which see.
Bega, n. (ma-\ shoulder of man
or animal. Chukua mzigo begani
(kwa bega,juuya bega}, carry a load
on the shoulder.
*Behewa, n. inner court sur-
rounded by buildings and open to the
air, as in all large stone houses in Z.
(Ar.)
*Bei, n. also Bee, trade, commerce,
bargain, sale, business transaction.
Piga (pigana} bei, drive a bargain.
Bei hiyari, mortgage with option oJ
realizing by sale. Bei rehani, mort
gage with right to amount of debt only.
(Ar. Cf. biashara, ubazazi.}
*Beina, adv. also Baina, in the
midst, between. Beinaya, amongst,
between. (Ar. for more usual
kati.)
Bekua, v. keep off, ward off
parry, strike aside, divert, receive
and return a ball (blow, &c.), defend
oneself, counteract. B. mainzi, keep
off flies. B. mchele katika pishi,
knock off the overflowing rice in a
full measure. Ps. bekuliwa. Nt
bekulika. Ap. beku-lia, -liwa
Cs. beku-lisha, -lishwa. Rp. be
kuana. (Cf. kinga, epa, linda.}
*Belghamu, n. phlegm. (Arab
for B. kohozi, or kipande cha kohozi
i. e. expectorated matter.)
Bemba, v. wheedle, cajole, fawi
on, coax, caress, solicit, try to in
fluence, win the favour (consent) of.
>s. bembwa. Nt. bembekq. Ap.
>eml>-ea, -ewa t -elea, -elewa, -eleza,
&c., usu. with Intens. force. Cha-
kula cha kubembelezea njaa, food
cooked to take the edge off the appe-
tite. Amenibembeleza nimfanyizie
kazi, he has coaxed me into making
a job for him. Bembeleza macho,
Dut on a coaxing expression. Hence
bembelezana. Cs. bemb-eza, -ezwa.
(Cf. bembe, -bembe, ubembe, nbe-
mbelezi, &c.)
Bembe, n. pastry, confectionery,
sweetmeats, esp. of a lover's presents,
dainty dishes sent during Ramathan,
&c. (Cf. bemba.}
-bembe, a. enticing, coaxing,
wheedling, coquettish. (Cf. bcmba,
bembe, ubembe.)
*Bendera, n. and Bandera, (i)
flag ; (2) (the Arabian flag being red),
red cotton cloth, Turkey red calico.
B. maradufu, red cotton drill or
twill. Twcka b., hoist a flag.
Shusha (tud) b., lower a flag. Be-
ndera hufuatapepo, the flag goes with
the wind. (Ar.)
Benua, v. cause to project, stick
out, bulge, protrude, put forward,
expose to view. Ps. benuliwa. Nt.
benuka, bulge, stick out, be convex.
(Cf. mbinu, and syn. toa nje, tokeza^}
*Bereu, n. a sticky black stuff,
black paint. (? Hind.)
*Beti, n. ( , and ma-\ (i) small
pouch, pocket bag, case. B. ya
kiasi, cartridge pouch. Mabeti kiu-
noni, cartridge belt round the waist
(possibly from Eng.'belt'); (2) verse
or couplet of a poem. Uimbo
huu una beti tatu, this song has
three verses. (Ar.)
*Betili, n. and Batili, a kind of
sailing vessel from the Persian gulf-
long projecting prow, sharp stern,
high rudder-head. (See Chombo,
and dist. batela.}
*Bi, prep, by, with, in, &c.
(Arab., used in a few phrases, e. g.
bi nafsiyake, by himself, and appears
BIA
27
BILAURI
in a few words such as bilaski, bi-
smilla.)
Bia, n. used, with various verbs, of
joint action,co-operation, partnership,
association, in business or pleasure.
Fanya bia, do in common, act as a
company, go shares in. Changa 6.,
make a joint contribution. Gcrtva b. t
divide into shares. Saftri b. t travel
together, each paying his own ex-
penses. Kula b., dine together at
the expense of all. Xtinna />., pur-
chase jointly. (Cf. shariki, and
contr. kikoa.}
Bia, n. (*<*-), a large cooking
pot. (Cf. kiHa.)
*Biashara, n. buying and selling,
trade, commerce. Fanya b., engage
in trade. B. t/e, trade is brisTc.
Mfanyi b., trader, merchant (Ar.
bay wa shira, sale and purchase.
Cf. /
*Bibi, n. C , and ma-}, term of
respectful reference and address to
women (i) in general, 'lady, my
>'; (2) used of the
V of a household, by or in
reference to its members, slaves and
others, ' the mistress, my mi
(3) also grandmother, and (4) used
wife,' by or in reference to the
husban urteous than wXr,
When there are several
ladies in a household, they are dis-
tinguished at bil'i ntkubwa, the mis-
tress, and hibi mdogo of other
Sometimes the phrase kina bibi, the
.k, the ladies, is us-
courteous vagueness of one or more
(Hind. Cf. Aral
rarely heard.)
Bibo, n. (ma-\ cashew ap|
of the mbibo. (C'f. mbibo, korotho %
nut.)
mbichi with P
(P)), (i) not full-grown, unri
; (a) raw, fresh, newly gath-
ered, e.g. of eggs, gnus, men
kaa ynbif
lime, fresh plas:
raw flesh, underdone meat
Majani mabichi, fresh, green grass.
(Contr. -bivu, and cf. uhehi.)
*Bidi, v. put pressure on, make
obligatory on, compel, oblige, esp.
of moral pressure, duty , honou :
lege. Akanibidi kuleta washahidi,
and he bound me to produce wit-
nesses. Frequent as an impersonal
verb. Ikabidi, ,it was necessar
was an obligation. Ikambidikukatwa
mkono, he was compelled (sentenced)
to have his hands cut off. Imcni-
I'idi, I feel bound to. Fs. bidiwa %
be under obligation to. Ap. bidia,
Cs. bidisha, and Intens.
jibidisha, take special pains. (Ar.
Cf. follg. and pasa, lazima, shuru-
tisha.}
*Bidii, n. effort, energy, exertion,
exercise (of strength or will), moral
force, willingness to work. Fa-
nya 6., work hard, take pains, show
energy (interest, earnestness). Affu
wa b., a man of energy, willing
worker. (Ar. Cf. bidi t and B.
syn. utettdaji.)
*Bikari, n. pair of compasses,
compass for drawing. (Arab.)
*Bikira, n. (ma-\ a virgin. (Ar.
rnwanamwaJi, and follg.)
*Bikiri, v. deprive of virginity,
deflower. Ps. bikirirva. (A:
ubikira.)
Bila, prep, and Bill*, without,
except by, apart from, with n
:. or ya. Sitoeti kukaa bit la
umot remain without a wife.
Billa ytye kutoa fikira* without his
disclosing his idea. Billa tttkuru,
without excuse. Also with ya,
b. ya amri. except by order. B.ya
kujua maatt^ knowing the
meaning. (Ar. Cf. a syn. fa-
rifo.)
BilMhi, adv. without (Retting)
gratuitously. L'turttdi /
use your t (Ar.
bila thai, for the commooer farrf.)
Bilouri. n. (i) crystal, glass; (a)
.
BILDI
glass, tumbler, wine-glass. Jiwe la
6., rock crystal. Kikombe cha b., a
glass cup, tumbler. Lete b., bring
a glass. (Ar.)
*Bildi, n. plummet, sounding-lead,
i. e. lisas I ya kupimia ma/i, lead for
measuring (the depth of) water. Tia
6., plumb, sound. (Ar. Cl.chubwi,
timazi.)
*Bilingani, n. (ma-}, and Bili-
nganya (ma-), a dark purple vege-
table of the tomato kind, fruit of the
Mbilingani (which see), sometimes
called ' mad apple.'
*Bilisi, n. (ma-), devil, the devil,
Satan. (Arab, for common shetani.
Cf. ubilisi.)
*Bilula, n. a tap, turncock.
*Bima, n. insurance against loss,
accidents, &c. Lipa b., too, b., pay
(effect) insurance of goods in com-
merce. Fanya mashartiya b. } draw
up a deed of insurance. Also
as v., insure, effect insurance on.
(Hind.)
*Bin, n. son (of). (Arab, for
common B. mzuana.)
*Binadamu, n. member of human
race, human being, man. Hence
kibinadamu, of a human kind, human,
natural to man, and ubinadamu,
human nature, humanity. (Ar
bin Adamu. Cf. B. mtu.)
Binda, n. an Indian vegetable
a kind of hibiscus also known a;
bamia.
Bindo, n. (ma-), fold of the loin
cloth, used as a pocket, bag, recep
tacle for carrying things, pocket
purse. Peso, largu nimelipiga b., ".
have fastened my farthing in my loin
cloth. Kinga ., hold out a fold o
the loin-cloth to receive something
Iliyo bindoni, what is in the pocket
safe, secure. (Cf. pinda, upindo
&c., which is perh. the same word,
also uwinda, ubinda, and for ' bag
bundle ' tf.furushi, bahasha.)
Bingwa, a. and -bingwa, clever
knowing, shrewd, capable. Fund
huyu mbingwa, he is a good work
28 -BISHI
man. (Cf. ubingwa, and syn.
stadi, waria.)
*Bini, v. =Buni, which see. ( Ar.)
*Binti, n. daughter, young lady.
Vhen followed by the father's name,
vithdut preposition, forms the usual
lesignation of all women in Zanzibar
xcept of the lowest class slaves,
beggars, and freed slaves, e. g. binti
Alt, binti Abdallah, binti Sulemani.
Not used by itself in address, except
n a familiar way to young persons',
my daughter.' (Ar. Cf. POT, and
syn. mwana.)
*Birika, n. ( , and ma-, according
o size), (i) large metal vessel for
lolding water, large kettle.; (2) cis-
ern, tank, bath of masonry, such as
are found in all the better houses of
Zanzibar, either for holding rain-
water or for bathing purposes. Some-
times (3) of ordinary European bath.
*Birinzi, n. a particular dish of
cooked food meat, rice, pepper, &c.
(Cf. pilau.)
*Bisbis, n. ( ), and Bisibisi,
screwdriver. (Hind. Dist. bisi.)
Bisb.a t v. (i) strike, knock, beat,
bit against. B. mlango, knock at a
door. B. hodi, knock and ask leave
to enter by saying 'hodi,' the rule of
courtesy universal in Z. (2) Oppose,
resist, strive against, argue with,
quarrel with; (3) joke, jest (cf.
ubishi); (4) (of a ship), beat, tack.
B. chombo, work a ship to windward.
(Cf. bisho.) Ps. bishwa. Ap.
bish-ia, -iwa, -iana. Mtu huyu
amenibishia hatta tumeteta, this man
opposed me, till at last we quarrelled.
Rp. bisk-ana, -ania, -any a. Bishana
maneno (or kwa maneno), joke to-
f'ther, argue together, wrangle.
ishanya, shake together, mix by
shaking. (Cf. bisho, -biski, ubishi,
mabiskano.)
-bishi, a. of one who is always
opposing, whether (r) goodhumour-
edly, 'joking, jesting,' or more com-
monly (2) captious, argumentative,
BISHO S
combative, contradictory, obstinate
. >'killii urnwambialo hakubali,
finds fault with everything you say.
(Cf. fiisAa, ubishi, bishop
Bisho, n. also Mbisho, working
to windward, beating, tacking. Upepo
wa b., head wind. Piga b., beat to
windward. (Cf. bisha, mbisho, &c.)
*Bisi, n. also Mbiai, parched
grains of Indian corn, described as
mahindi yaliyokaangwa, a favourite
preparation, cried in the streets of Z.
as bisi mofo, hot t>isi. There is also
bisi la nitama, made of millet.
*Bitana,n. lining. Nguoyabitana,
clothes made with two thicknesses of
material. (Ar. C. bafta, used as
lining, and tabaAa, maradufu^
"Bithaa, n. goods (for trading),
merchandise. Fetha no. bithaa, cash
and goods, money and kind.
;, a. mbiru, with D 6, D 4
uured, ripe, well cooked, opp.
'./. Etnbe mbivu, ripe man-
goes. Nyamambivu, well-done meat.
(Cf. tia, ubiru, and the less common
forms -wivu, or -ivu, uivu, but dist.
. jealous.)
Biwi, n. (,/wa-), heap of plantation
or garden rubbish, sweepings, refuse,
leaves.
Bizari, n. small seed such as
pepper, caraway, and other condi-
>cd in making curries. Hence
sometimes ' curry powder.' B. tune,
* Ar.)
*Bizimu, n. a buckle, brooch,
clasp, fastening. (Ar.) .
*Bobari, n. en renter's rounded
chisel, gouge, also known as nrabn.
Bofu, n. (MM-), a Urge bladder.
(Also heard as variant of pofu, froth,
and -born. '. kibofu.)
Boga, n. (ma-), pun
vegetables in general.)
Bohari, n. ( , and **), store-
house, warehouse, large shop, maga-
zine, go-down, described as nyumba
(ya ktfexkea vi/u , house for
goods (for storing things). Mabokari
) BOMOA.
ya makuti, thatched store-houses.
(Ci.ghala)
*Bohora, n. (ma-\ also Bohra, a
member of one of the two chief sects
or divisions of Mahommcdan Hindoos
in Z., the other being Khoja.
sect has its own mosques, club, bury-
ing ground, &c.
*Boi, n. (///a-), house servant,
personal attendant, domesti
/any a boi, be servant. Taka boi t
apply for service. (From Eng. boy.
Cf. mtumishi, mwandishi, and see
Manowari.)
*Boko, n. (nta-\ hippopotamus,
esp. of a large size, the dim. kiboko
being the common name
Bokoboko, n. a particular dish of
cooked food (Str.), and hence to de-
scribe other things of a soft, jelly-like
consistency.
Boma, n. (mo-), any kind of raised
structure for defensive purposes, (i)
earthwork, outer wall, rampart,
mound, palisade, stockade, fence, and
hence (a) fort, redoubt, castle. (Cf.
bomoa, and syn. ngomc, fort, and dist.
ua f fence of yard or garden, uJtuta,
wall of house, partition wall.)
Bomba, n. (i) pump. Bombay*
maji, a pump for drawing
water. Also used of (a) chimney of
a steamer, or any large pipe.
tqfO
Bomb wo, n. (ma-), cut figure,
carved pattern, carving, sculpture.
Ct
7 \pv-j' ** /
/
lown, break/
in, cause to '
terns). (Also tifiomtw (vt-).
more usual tkoro, maJkski.)
Bomoa, v. break down,
through, make a breach
fall down. esp. of a wall or fence, or
other artificial structure. 1't. AMW
leva. Nt. bomoka, fall down, be
broken through, collapse. A p.
wa k*b*-
Mtamto
molea, a crowbar to break down a
Ca. bcmo-ika* -sJhfa.
(Cf. boma, and /vrvm^ka, /n*m*Aa,
sometimes heard as fomotka or bo-
BOMU
30
BTTA
Bomu, n. (ma-), boom, sound of
a drum, esp. of the larger, deep
sounding kind, or of a cannon. Bo
mu la gogo, a long drum with low
note.
Bonde, n. ( , and ma-}, valley,
hollow between hills, low -lying
country. (Cf. -Bonder, the country
between the Usambara hills and the
coast near Tanga and Pangani, Ger
man East Africa.)
Bonge, n. (ma-}. See Donge.
Bongo, n. (/-), brains, marrow
(Cf. ubongo.)
*Bonth, n. bridge, rarely heard
(Cf. Fr. pont, and syn. daraja, ulalo)
Bonyea, v. yield to pressure, give
way, sink in, be crushed, e. g. of soft
ground, ripe fruit, &c., and other
inanimate objects. Nt. bonyeka.
Cs. bony-esha, -eza, press in, make
impression on, examine by feeling
and pressing. (Cf. syn. tomasa, of
animate objects, and bopa)
Bopa, v. (i) be soft to the touch,
. soften, feel soft, as of ripe fruit, an
abscess, &c. ; (a) sink in, become
hollow (concave). Ap. bopea.
' Mashavu yake yamebopea, his cheeks
are sunken (hollow). Cs. bop-esha,
-eshiva (and possibly bobya, bofya, cf.
apa,afyaiorapisha) , press with finger,
make impression on, feel. (Cf.
bonyea, bonyesha (which implies
greater force and effect), tomasa, and
Bopo, n. (ma-), soft place, mud-
hole, pit. (Kr.)
*Bora, a. of special quality (im-
portance, or value), fine, high class,
first-rate, excellent, good, noble, &c.,
often with implied comparison,' better,
the better, best.' Tumbako bora,
there is nothing like tobacco. Asi-
kari ndume bora, magnificent fighting
men. (Ar. Cf. afathali, better,
superior, and -ema, -zuri)
*Bori, n. (i ) clay bowl of a tobacco
pipe. See Kiko, Tosa. (2) Tusk of
ivory. See Buri!
*Boriti, . n. also Borti, pole oi
the kind used for rafters in East
Africa. (These poles are still an
important article of trade on the
African and Arabian coasts. They
are a kind of mangrove, straight,
hard, and (if kept dry) very durable,
and carry the heavy concrete ceilings
and roofs of all stone houses, inci-
dentally limiting the dimensions of
rooms and arrangement of the whole.)
*Borohoa, n. a native dish, beans,
&c., pounded into a paste or thick
broth and flavoured.
Boromoka, Boromoko. See Po-
romoka, &Q.
Boronga, v. make a mess, muddle,
fuss, bungle, mix. B. kazi, do a job
badly (in a muddling, unworkman-
like way). Sometimes Redupl. boro-
nga-boronga. Ps. borongwa. (Cf.
follg., also buruga, -vuruga.)
Borongo, n. muddle, mess, bungle.
Kaziya b., a badly done job.
Borotangi, n. See Buratangi.
Boruga, v. See Buruga.
-bovu, a. (mbovu with D 6, D 4
(P)), bad, chiefly of physical con-
dition, i. e. rotten, unsound, unhealthy,
spoilt, decomposed, putrid: Matunda
mabovu, rotten, unsound fruit. Sa-
maki mbovu, stale fish. Hence also
(2) worthless, unfit for use or service.
Mtu mbovu, an ill-conditioned, un-
sound, worthless man. (Cf. the
more comprehensive word -bay a, and
note, and the apparently cognate
word -&vu, which indicates usually
bad moral .condition. Mtu mwovu,
an evilly disposed, unprincipled, bad-
natured man. Contr. -zima, -zurt,
-ema)
Boza, n. an intoxicating prep
tion of bhang. (See Bahgi.) Hence
peril; bozibozi, idle, dull, incapable of
work. (St.)
Bu int. descriptive of the thud <
a heavy blow or fall. Anguka bu,
fall heavily. Piga bu, give a heavy
Bua, n. (ma-), stalk, stem, of the
larger grasses, e.g. of mtama, millet,
BUBA
31
BUNDUKI
or muhindi, Indian corn. Used for
house walls, fencing, and firing.
(Cf. nbita, of smaller kinds.)
Buba, n. a bad skin disease, of
a persistent and contagious kind.
Bubu, n. (ma-), a dumb person,
mute, dumb. Stma kwa bibubu,
speak in dumb language, i. e. by signs.
Bubujika, v. bubble out, burst
forth in a flood. B. mac Ac
into a flood of tears. />'. maneno,
come out with a torrent of words.
*Buddi, n. escape, way out, alter-
native, means of avoiding. Seldom
used except with negative parts of
kutva na, to have, in such phrases as
hakuna b. t necessarily, undoubtedly,
it must be so ; sina b n I must, I can-
not avoid it. Ilaina b. kuniambia
habariya&o, there is no escape from
telling me about yourself. Bitta
b., inevitably, surely. Bassi mimi
nina b.ya kulia ? What ! Can I help
crying? .(Ar. Cf. labuda, Buddi
is sometimes heard as bundi?)
Buhuri, n. incense. (Arab. Cf.
and vuHza.}
Bugu, n. (ma-}, a thick kind of
withy, used as cord for binding. (Cf.
mbugu, nbugu.}
Buibui,n. ( , and ma-\ (i) spider.
Tando la (utando u>a) b. t spider's
web; (a) a kind of large veil, cover-
ing the whole figure entirely, worn
by some women (Arab, Comoro, and
others) in Z. when out of doors.
Buki. n. Madagascar. Often in
i tint. Also -butt, a., of
scar. cf. Mhiki, a Malagasy.
Bata : a goose. A dis-
trict of Ng'ambo in Z. is called A'wa
Buku, n. ma- , the very large,
long-tailed rat common in town ana
u is also some-
time* used of 'a book/ from the
ut cf. kitabu t (ktto, msa-
*'/*)
Bukua, v. hunt out a v-
reveal. Cf. mb*k*lia^
Bulangeni, a. used of coloured,
striped, variegated objects,
vessel painted in two or more colours,
a coloured wall, Sec. (? Ar.)
*Bulangeti, n. also Burangiti.
blanket, rug. B. magongoni, blan-
kets at their backs, of a soldier's kit
(From the Eng.)
*Buli, n. ( , and ma-\ teapot.
Also b. ya kahawa, coffee-pot,
which is commonly mdila or deli.
Bumba, n. ( , and ma-\ also
Pumba, lump. B. la tumbako,
plug, or packet, of tobacco. B. la
udongo t clod of earth. B.
cluster of bees, when swarming.
Dim. kibumba. (Cf. bumbwi, and
Bumbuazi, n. utter perplexity.
helpless amazement, confusion of
senses. Kupigm* (ktuhikwd) ttd 6.,
to be dumbfounded, to lose one's
senses.
Bumbwi, n. grain (rice, millet,
&c.) pounded and mixed up with
grated cocoanut.
*Bumia, n. beam forming stern-
post of native vessel, fastened to the
keel (mut:u\ and carryiag the rud-
der-post (/as'Ainf).
Bumurida, n. ( , and v.
kind of dumpling or soft cake
Bundi, n. ( , or ma- t aci
to size), an owl. (Dist. bundi, as
a variant of bttd*.)
Bundlka, v. nlait the hair, msed
of a simple kind of plaiting in three
(Cf. aria, of more el
>f?0
*Bnnduki, n. gun, rifle,
Pig* >., fire a gun. Eltkn*
bunduki, keep up a fusillade
are described at b. ya. jiwt, or ya
gttmtgumt, a flint gna ; b.
a matchlock gun ; b. ya
or yafataki, a muzzle-loading gun;
b. ya kuvunja, or ya k****ja, a
porting (hinged) gon (rifle). B.jm
3K a Irr^h-'.^iun: rrv. /, ,.,
mwmtmi-r.j,. ,,r ,.ix,,,,/,i W /-,/,. n
double - l.aircllc.1
BUNGALA
trade guns are sometimes called
bwiduki ya kindoro, or ya makoa.
( Ar ^ '
*Bungala, n. Bengal. Used of
a species of rice, and of banana.
(Cf. mchele, ndizi.}
Bungo, n. (ma-}, fruit of mbungo,
a kind of medlar. (Cf. mbungo.)
Bungu, n. (ma-), (i) fruit of
mbungu, an india-rubber producing
plant (cf. mbungu}', (2) a large
earthenware dish. B. la kupozea ujt,
a dish to cool rice-gruel in. Dim.
kOungu. (3) A kind of caterpillar
*Buni, v. sometimes Bim, (i)
copstruct, contrive, compose, invent,
make for the first time ; (a) fabri-
cate make up (what is false), imagine,
write fiction, &c. Ps. buniwa.
Nt. bunika. Ap. bun-ia, -iwa,
-ika. -ikana. Cs. bun-isha, -ishwa,
&c.' B. mjt, found a town. B.
kitabu, be the author of a book.
B. kitu kisichotambulikana, invent
an unheard-of contrivance. Maneno
haya ya k^lb^^n^wa, these are purely
imaginary statements. Alibunineno
asilottimwa, he invented a message
he was not charged with. (Ar.
Cf. zua, tunga, vumbua.}
*Buni, n. (i) fruit of mbum
(which see), coffee berry, raw coffee.
B. ya kahaiva, coffee beans. B.
iliyotwangwa, pounded (ground)
coffee berries. (2) An ostrich. (Ar.)
Bunju, n. a poisonous fish of the
Diodon (Globe-fish) kind.
Bunzi, n. (ma-}, a large stinging
fly, building a clay nest.
Bupu, n. (ma-}. Bupu la dafu,
used of the cocoanut, when full of
milk, and just forming a soft layer of
nutty substance in the shell. (Cf.
dafu.}
Bupuru, n. (ma-}, an empty shell
(external case). B. la kichwa, skull.
*Bura, n, a kind of Muscat cloth.
See Nguo.
*Burai, v..make a peaceful sett
ment (with, about), give up claim to
32 BURTTGA
resign, let off payment. B. mahari,
not to claim a dowry. Ps. buraiwa.
Ap. bura-ia, -iwa. Cs. buraisha.
(Ar., not common. Cf. syn. samehe,
rithi.)
*Buratangi, n. also Borotangi,
Portangi, Burutangi, a toy kite of
paper, Indian make, causing a whirr-
ing sound. (Cf. skada.}
"*Buri, n. (ma-}, and Bori, ete
phant's tusk, tusk of ivory, larger
than kalasha. (Cf. pembe, kalasha.)
*Buriani, n. used of final arrange-
ments, esp. on parting company, last
, words, farewells, &c. Kuwapa ra-
\fiki yao !>., to give their friends a
farewell (send-off). Takana (agana)
b., 'exchange final farewells. (? Cf.
Ar. burai.}
*Burre, adv. (i) gratis, gratui-
tously, for nothing, without payment ;
(2) uselessly, vainly, in vain, for no
rood cause or result, idly, fruitlessly.
Kazi burre, labour for nothing, i.e.
wasted, or unpaid. Tukana watu
burre, abuse people without cause.
Also as n. maneno ya burre, i<
(frivolous, foolish) words,
of Oman?)
*Buruda, n. prayers for sick
dying, Mahommedan ' Visitation of the
Sick ' Chuo cha buruda, service for
the sick. (Arab. Cf. baridi, buru-
disha, &c., and for other services
fatiha, hitima, soma.)
*Burudi, v. be (get) cool, be cold,
but usu. in the neut. form burudika,
be cooled, refreshed, relieved, com-
forted. Ps.burudiwa. Ap.l'urudta.
Cs. burud-isha, -ishwa, cool, refresh,
& c . (Ar. Cf. baridi, buruda, and
B. syn. poa, get cool.)
Buruga, v. (i) stir up, mix to-
gether, beat up together, e. g. m pre-
paring food ; (2) put into confusion,
disorder, muddle; (3) stir the soil,
prepare a bed for planting, by hoe-
ing, removing weeds, &c.
burugiwa. Nt. burugika. Ap. bu-
rtig-ia, -iwa. Cs. burug-tsha,
-ishwa. Rp. buruganya, stir up
BURUJI
33
CH
together, mix together. (Cf. bo-
"iburugo, and koroga, vuruga^)
*Buruji, n. fortress, fort, castle.
. Cf. ngome, boma.}
Burura, v. pull, haul, drag along
on the ground. Ps. bururiwa. Nt.
bururika. Ap. burur-ia, -tu-a. Cs.
burur-isha, 'ishwa, e.g. bururisha
ndoo kisimani, haul a bucket up from
a well. (Cf. mbururo, and syn.
kokota, vuta.}
*Busara, n. (i) good sense, prac-
tical wisdom, prudence, sagacity,
skill, &c. ; (a) plan, device, strata-
gem. Leta &., employ a device.
(Ar. Cf. akili.)
*Buaati, n. a kind of matting,
made at Muscat. (Str.)
*Busha. n. gun- wad, tow (for
cleaning gun or cannon).
Bushaahi, n. a kind of muslin.
(Str.)
Buahuti, n. thick woollen stuff,
blanket. (Ar. Prop, of Arab burn-
ous, black cloaks of woollen cloth or
camel's hair.)
*Buatani, n. a garden. (Ar. or
Pers.)
*Busu, v. kiss. Ps. busiu
busika. Ap. but-ia, -iwa.
Busiana mikono, kiss each other's
hands. Cs. bus-isha, -ishu\:
bwana. n. (ma-~) t a kiss. (Ar.)
'Buthara, n. prodigality, lavish
outlay. (Arab. Cf. -bathirifu,
gharama, and B. syn. upetevu wa
Buu, n. (ma-}, maggot, grab,
larva. B. la nyuki, bee grab. B.
likamea mbawa, the grab grew wings.
(Cf.yaa.)
Buyu, n. wa-; , fruit of the baobab
tree (mbuyu, which tee), calabash.
edible, and the bosk is
used to draw water ->
buyu often means 'a native bucket,
n. Jibuti,
Bwaga, v. throw off, thr..w down,
relieve oneself of (as t
mztgo, tip a load off one's shoulders,
throw it on the ground. />
throw down cocoanuts (from a tree).
B. moyo, rest the mind, be cheered.
/>. uimbo, give a lead in singing.
B. matitkano, let off a volley of
abuse. Ps. bwagwa. Nt. bwagiJka.
A p. bwag-ia, -iwa. Jibwagia moyo t
relieve one's mind. Cs. bwag-iut t
'tbwagasa, throw oneself down,
sprawl on the ground.
Bwana, n. ( , and ma-\ used (i)
in reference,' master , owner, possessor '
of slaves, house, plantation or other
property, and generally 'great man,
dignitary, worthy, personage ' ; (a) in
address, 'Master, Mr., Sir. 1 Often
bwana mkubwa, to show special
respect, and contr. bwana mdogo of
the next in rank, or inferior. Bwana
is also used by women of and to their
husbands, and in Z. is a common
designation of the Sultan as supreme.
(For the root -ana, cf. mttxxwa,
dubwana.)
Bweta, n. small box, such as a
desk, work-box, cash-box, jewel-case,
&c. (?Portug. or French, or Ar.
dim. of bet. Cf. syn. kasha, sa~
nduku.)
CH.
O is used only in com)
H, to represent the sound of ck in
Knglish or ty, i. e. a sound between
/ and ch % as in Mature.
OH (i) represents the \
(which see) (a) regularly before ad-
jectives (including the Prom
rise-signs beginning with a
vowel, e. g. kit* changu (for ki-angu\ t
mylhing; kim ckakata(S<n K*'kata\
the knife cuts; kikao
ma ki-o kt-ott), any good
dwelling whatever; (b) sometimes
before other than adjectival roots
beginning with a vowel, c. g. (hangs
(for ki-angch, (huo (for ki-uo\* book ;
chombo((oi foomt*), a vessel ; ehumba
(for ki-umba}, room in a house.
CH-
84
CHA
In all these cases the correspond-
ing plural pfx. is vy-.
(2) Is a vulgar pronunciation of
ki often heard among the poorer
class and slave population of Zan-
zibar, e. g. chitu for kitu t thing ; chende
for tende, dates.
(3) In the Zanzibar dialect oiten
represents a / or ty at Mombasa, as
chupa for tupa, bottle ; chungwa for
tungwa, orange ; inchifor nti, country.
(4) Is practically often not dis-
tinguished from sh or /, except in
words where the distinction is neces-
sary to make the meaning clear.
Hence words not found under Ch
may be looked for under ki,j, t, or sh.
Words beginning with ch are with
very few exceptions of Bantu origin.
Ch-, (i) = ki. (See prec. and Ki-) ;
(2) is the pfx. corresponding to D 3 (S)
in all adjectives and tense-prefixes in
verbs, when they begin with a vowel.
(See prec.)
Cha, prep, form of -a (which
see), agreeing with D 3 (S), meaning
'of.' &c., e.g. kisu cha chuma, a
knife of iron ; chumba cha Invana, the
master's room ; and with kitu under-
stood, cha kula, food ; cha kuogea, a
bath.
Cha, v. (also kucha m some forms.
For use of ku before monosyllabic
verb-roots, see Ku-, i (</).) (i)fear,
be apprehensive of, reverence. Not
often heard in Z. except in reference
to God. Kuntcha Muungu, to fear
God. ?s.chewa. Jinalakolichewe,
may your name be feared. (Cheka
is usually quite a different word,
which see.) Ap. chea, chelea, chele-
wa, &c. Mchea mwana kuha, hulia
yeye he who fears for his child's cry-
ing, will cry himself. Mchelea bahari
si msafiri, he who is nervous about
the sea is no traveller. See also
Chelewa. C*.cheska. Rp.chana.
(These derived forms must be dis-
tinguished from identical forms with
different meaning, see (2) follg.
Cf. -cha, uchaji, and syn. hofu, oga,
o%opa). (a) Dawn, change to dawn,
be morning. Kunakucha, it is dawn-
ing. Kumekucha, dawn has come.
Hajacha, it is not yet dawn. Killa
kukicha, also killa uehao,i.e. ussu-
buhi, every morning at dawn. Au-
kacha mwanga, and the light (of
morning) dawned. Usiku na uche
hima, I hope the night will soon be
over (turn to dawn). The Infin.
form kucha is regularly used as an.,
dawn, morning. Kucha kucha, just
dawn, early morning. Also com-
monly, with or without usiku, of the
whole period of darkness ending with
dawn. Usiku kucha, all night long,
till dawn of day. Hakulala kucha,
he had no sleep all night. Cf. Ps.
form kuchwa follg., with which it i
also combined, kuchwa kucha, all
day and all night. Kucha hatta
kuchwa, from morning till evening.
(Cf. mchanajicho, niacho,\.e.y(ijua,
and for 'morning' alfajiri, assubuht,
mapampazuko, weupe, and for 'rising
of *\UL panda, chomoza.} Ps. -chiva,
set (of the sun), end (of daylight) . (The
root idea connecting the Act. and
Ps. is not yet clear.) Ktimekuchwa,
it is past sunset. Mchunautakuchwa,
the day will come to an end. Jua
limekuchwa, the sun is setting.
Kwachwa, evening is coming on.
Like kucha (see above) kuchwa is
used as a n. for whole preceding
period of the day. Kuchwa, a whole
day. Nimeshinda leo k., I have
stopped all day to-day. Robo k., a
shilling a day. Pesa ya k., a day s
wages (for which k. alone can be
used, e. g. k. yake rupia moja, his
wages for the one day are one rupee).
Kuchwa kucha, all day and all night.
Mchana kuchwa, all day long. Ap.
Act chea, chewa, chelea, chelewa,
chelesha, chelewesha, &c. Jua lime-
nichea, the sun rose while I was still
indoors, I was surprised (overtaken)
by sunrise, I was caught in bed
(asleep), also expressed by the Ps.
form alone nimechewa, i.e. na jua.
-CHA
35
CHAFUA
Hence a form of respectful morn-
cting, not often heard in Z.
itself, Kuchcwa, i. e. habari ya ku-
chewa ? How does the morning find
yon ? Are you well to-day? to which
the reply is simply Kuchcwa, I am
well to-day. Hence also the common
use of cheltwa, be late, prop, of
being belated, taken by surprise,
shown to be late in getting up, and
chu'clrwa in similar sense. See
Chelewa. Ap. Ps. chwea, chwc-
wa, chwelea, cnvxlewa, &c. Jua
limekuchwca njiani, /a/a, the sun has
set before your journey is over (while
yon are still on the road), so lie
down. Tulichwelewa, we were be-
lated. Cs. chana, e. g. usiku una-
chana, the night is turning to day. (Cf.
mach-wa, mathwco, i.e. ya j'tta, and
for * evening, ' jioni, usiku, magaribi,
and for 'setting' of sun, shuka, tua.}
-cha, a. fearing, having fear (awe,
ce), esp. of religious feeling.
Mcha Muungu, a God-fearing, reli-
gious, devout person. Muungu
humkirimu mcha wake, God is al-
ways bounteous to him who fears
him. Cf. cha, v. (i), -thaji, uthaji,
and syn. -oga, -hofu.)
Cha, n. See Chai.
Chacha, v. (i) ferment, as dough,
native beer, &c. ; (a) froth, foam,
form a scum ; (3) turn sour, go bad,
spoil, as stale food, &c. ; (4) fig. be
sour in temper, cross, irritated. Ps.
thathiua. Nt. chachika. Ap.
chach-ia, -iwa, -tana. Wametkathi-
ana, they are cross with each other.
Cs. chach-ishai-ishwa, (i) make sour
(sharp, acid); (a) provoke, exa-
(Ct.ckathu t ckathM*a. Dist
Chachia below.)
Chachaga, v. wash used only of
washing clothes by robbing in the
hands and dabbing on a board or
'".achafiva. Nt. (hagika.
;:oa. Cs. chatkag-
i'Ma, -ishwa. (Cf./wa, os>.
-choche, n. (chache with I) 4 (P),
D 6), (I) few in number, small (little)
D
in quantity, not ir.uch, not many,
slight, deficient; fa) (few, and soi
rare, not easily got, scarce, (and so)
of value. Siku chache, a few days.
:t>achache t not many people.
A kilt zake choc he, or me hoc he wa
akili, he is deficient in sense. (Cf.
syn. haba, and kidogo.}
Chachia, v. press on, hamper,
perplex, involve in difficulties. Ps.
chachiwa. (Perh. same as tatia, which
see, and cf. syn. songa,funga, Umea.)
Chachu, n. substance producing
fermentation, yeast, leaven, such as
pombe, unga wa mtama. (Cf.
chacha, uthachu.)
Chaohuka, v. (i) turn sour, fer-
ment; (a) foam, froth. /T,.
chachuka Uo, the rice has gone sour
to-day. Bahari inachachuka, the sea
is frothy (yeasty, churning). (Cf.
chacha, fhcuhu.}
Chafl, n. a kind of fish.
Chafu, n. ( , and ma-\ also
heard as Chavu, and commonly
Shavu, which see.
-chafu, a. (chafu with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), dirty, filthy, unclean,
impure, obscene. Nguo chafu chafu,
very dirty clothes. Maneno mathafu,
obscene language. (Cf. uckafu t
; h rnildir meaning fAa/ua,
uchafttko. Also syn. taka, -najisi,
and contr. sa/S, -tnjx t -nathifu^)
Chafua, v. ( I make dirty, soil,
spoil ; (a) make in a mess, disorder,
disarrange, disturb ; (3) of the sea,
make rough. Samakt amechafua,
maji, the fish has made the water
muddy. Nyumba imechafuka, ya-
taka kvfagvwa, the house is in a
mess, it wants to be swe]
(hafuliwa. Nt. chafuka. Bahari
ili(hafttka sana, the sea was very
rough. Mamtx>yamhafu***<hof**a,
affairs n; onfution.
fuka moyo (tumbo\ his stomach was
upset, he was sick. Ap. </;.
.; :. ,/. '.: ' . . '!.-!
dirtied my clothes for me. (Ct
kafttto.)
CHAFTTO
36
CHALI
Chafuo, n. a poisonous kind of fly.
Chafya, v. sneeze. Also n. (wa>)>
e. g.piga ch., enda fh., sneeze (the v.).
Paa akaenda chafya, che-e-e, the
gazelle had a fit of sneezing.
Chago, n. (i) part of bedstead on
which the head rests. See Kitanda.
fa) A kind of crab. (Cf. kaa, n.)
Chagua, v. (i) choose, select, pick
out, make a choice ; (2) of biassed or
partial selection, garble, give a false
colour to, be unfair. Mchagua
jembe si mkulinia, a man who is par-
ticular about his spade is not the
man to use it. Ps. chagulivia. Ap.
chagu-lia, -liwa, -lika. Cs. chagu-
za, -ziva, offer choice to, give an order
(leave, right) to. choose. Rp. cha-
guana. Rd. .chagua-chagua, of
dainty, critical selection. (Cf. -cha
guzi, mchaguo, and syn. teua.)
chaguzi, a. given to choosing
dainty, critical, &c. (Cf. prec
and syn. rteuzt, also uchagvxi.)
*Chai, n. also Oha, and Chayi
tea, plant leaf and beverage. (Hind
and Ar.)
-chaji,a. having fear, apprehensive
reverential, of a more fixed habit anc
characteristic than -cha. (Cf. cha
v., uchaji, and -cha, -oga, -hofu}
Chaka,n. (ma-}, (i) clump of trees
dense part of a forest,described zsgong
la mwitu. Dim. kichaka. (2) Sum
mer,the hot season, i. e. Dec. to Feb
but musimu, kaskazi are usual in Z
Chakaa, v. get old, get worn
wear out, be used up (worn, faded
be past work, of things and person
Nguo zimechakaa, the clothes are
worn out. Ap. chaka-lia, -liwa.
Cs. chaka-za, -zwa, use up, wear out.
(Cf. -chakafu, -kukuu, and syn.yf/fo.)
Chakacha, v. pound, break small,
as seeds in a mortar. Ch. menoni,
crunch with teeth. Ps. chakachwa.
Nt. chakachika, be pounded, be fit
for pounding. Ap. chakach-ia,
-iwa, -ika. Cs. chakach-isha, -ishwa.
Chakacha-chakacha is also used as
adv. of a rustling crackling sound, as
f a silk dress, cf. utakaso. (Cf.
yn. twanga, ponda, seta, vunja, &c.)
-chakafu, a. (chakafu with D4
P), D 5 (S), D 6), worn-out, old.
Nguo ch., worn-out clothes. (Cf.
hakaa, and syn. -kukttu.}
Chake, a. pron. of 3 Pers. S. agree-
ng with D 3 (S), his, hers, her, its, of
him (her, it). See -ake.
*Chaki, n. chalk, whiting, putty
>owder.
Chako, a. pron. of 2 Pers. S.
agreeing with D 3 (S), your, yours,
of you. See -ako.
Cliakogea, n. (vy-\ a chamber
bath, for kitu (chombo) cha kuogea t
something (a vessel) to bathe in.
(Cf. oga, v., and chakula, chamsha-
kimua.}
Chakula, n. (vy-, sometimes
zakula), something to eat, food, vic-
tuals, provender, a meal, i.e. kitu
cha kula. Ch. cha assubuhi, break-
fast, i.e. chamshakinwa. Ch. cha
mchana (cha athuttrt), midday meal,
lunch, tiffin. Ch. cha jioni, evening
meal, dinner, supper, ffuna chakula
cha kttlisha mimi ivala cha kula
wewe, you have no food to give me
to eat or to eat yourself. (Cf. -la,
v., and makuli.)
Chakura, v. scratch, e.g. the
ground like a fowl. Mwana wa
kuku hafunzwi kachakura, a
chicken is not taught scratching.
(Cf. mchakuro xn&chokora, and syn.
papura?)
Chale, n. (also pi. of uchale], (i)
cut, gash, incision, made on purpose,
whether as tribal mark, for ornamen-
tal tattooing, or for medical purposes,
&c. Ch. zetu za kuchanjiana hazi-
japona, our gashes for making blood-
friendship have not yet healed.
Mganga akamchanja chale thelathini
na u'embe, the doctor made thirty
cuts on him with a razor, e.g. to
reduce inflammation. (2) A kind of
fish. (Cf. syn. tojo, and chanja,
toja, kata, terna.}
Chali, adv. on the back, i.e. of
CHAMA
37
CHANGA
the recumbent, supine position. Lala
chali, lie on the back. Also chali-
chali. (Cf. syn. kitani, fcca tani,
>:ani, ktMgaKngaU^ mgongoni,
and opp. kifulifttli, on the face.)
Chama, n. club, guild, society,
association. Waana chama, mem-
bers of a club. (Many such exist in
Z., esp. among artisans of the same
trade, a kind of trades union.)
Chamba, v. wash oneself (after
calls of nature), of ordinary and also
ceremonial washing before Mahom-
medan prayers. (Cf. nawa, prop,
of hands and face ; tawaza, of feet,
and dist Jamba, &c.) n. (vy-\
that which adheres, esp. a film over
the eye. Jicho lino, chamba, the eye
has a film over it, also described as
kiini cheupe, white pupil of the eye.
(Chamba for ki-amba* Cf. ambaa,
ambika, &c. and follg.)
Charabo,n. (vy-}> bait for catching
animals, fish, &c. Ch, cha kitvitlia
samaki, fish bait. Ch. cha kutegea
ndcgc, bait for luring birds. Tia
c ham bo hatika ndoana, bait a hook.
Cf. shimbika. (Cf. amfiaa, chamba,
n., ambika, &c.)
Chambua, v. sometimes heard as
jamhtta, shambua, (i) clean, dress,
pick over, prepare, esp. of appro-
priate preparation of various pro-
ducts for use, cooking, market, e.g.
th. pamba, clean cotton, by removing
the seeds, dirt, leaves ; ch. mbaazi,
beans by shell ing; ch.garafuu, cloves
King off the stalks. Also used
(a) more generally, clean up, give a
n prove appearance of ;
(3) f'K- criticize, cross-examine, cx :
pose the faults of. Ps. chambuliwa.
.'{a. Ap. cha
. &c. C*. cham
i. (Cf. ambua, ambaa, diamba,
n., \
Chamburo, n. plate used in wire-
Chan in j.hrase ftpo ya
:tla, (i) whirlwind; (.
supposed to cause the wl.
and propitiated as such with offer-
ings. (Chamchela = ki-amchcla.
Cf. kinyamkela t also kimbitnga,
kirumbi^
Chamshakinwa, n. (= kitu cha
kuamsha kinwa), first food in the
morning, morning meal, breakfast.
(For form cf. chakula, chakuogea, and
syn. chakula cha assubuhi.}
Ghana, v. also Tana, slit, separate,
part, comb. Ch. miyaa, slit leaves
for plaiting, so ch. makuti, of cocoa-
nut fronds. Ch. nyelc, comb hair.
Ch. kitambaa, cut, or pull, in shreds.
Ch. kwa fimbo, of a severe flogging
with a stick. Ps. chaniwa. Nt.
chanika. Ap. chan-ia, -iwa, -ika.
Cs. chan-isha, -ishwa. Rd. chana-
chana, cut into small bits (shreds).
(Cf. kitana, chanua, chatnw, shamw,
chanyata, and dist. chana. Rp. of
-cha, v. dawn.) n. also Tana, (i)
a bunchlet, fruit clustre, on the great
fruit stem (mkuHgit) produced by the
banana plant (mgornba}, the single
fruit being dole, and the fruit generally
tidi'zi; (2) same as Chane (which
see). (Cf. ngomba, mkungtt, tana,
dole, ndizi.}
Chan da, n. (ry-\ finger, toe,
at Mombasa. Kidolc is almost
invariably used in Z. Chanda napett,
finger and ring, proverb of close
connexion, coherence, affection. (Cf.
wanda.}
Chandalua, n. (?'y-\ awning,
canopy, covering, mosquito-net, of
any material used fc>:
against sun, rain, insects, &c. Used
with such verbs as/ww< r a, fasten ; /-
.ang up ; tandaza, spread out.
Chane, n. ( ), also Chani, ami
Ghana, a slip of leaf, made by slitting
it up finely or coarsely, for use in
; mats, cord, &c. (Cf. chana,
and nni'aa.)
Ghanga, v. collect, gather together.
Esp. ch. asikari (watu wa
>oldiers, levy a foro
fctha, c(^llcct mOMJ by way of
voluntary contribi;
-CHANOA 38
mali kulipa dent, to collect money
for payment of a debt. Mali ya
kuchangiwa, money collected for a
special (or charitable) purpose. Knla
kwa kuchanga, hold a club-, or sub-
scription-, feast, each person con-
tributing. (Cf. kula bia.} Ps.
changwa. Nt. changika. Ap.
chang-ia, -iwa, and rp. -iana, i.e. join
in making contributions. Cs. chang-
isha, -ishwa, -iza, -izana, and chang-
anya (which see). Changizana, join
in getting contributions. Rp. chang-
ana, of volunteers mustering for war.
(Except in the above and similar
senses, the common word is kusanya,
which see. Cf. chango, mchango,
changanya, changamana, &c., and
perh. mchanga. Changa is some-
times heard for chanja, v., which see.)
-changa, a. (changa with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), young, immature,
undeveloped, unripe, in an early stage
of growth or experience, both of
animal and plant life. Mtoto
mchanga, a young child. Kitoto
kuhanga, a baby, a very young child.
Embe changa, half-grown mangoes.
Mahindi machanga, maize not fully
developed. Asikari mchanga, a raw
recruit. Sometimes of things in-
animate, assubuhi changachanga
very early morning. (Cf. syn.
-btckt, -changa, denoting esp. stage
of growth, -bichi, fitness for use, and
contr. -pevu, -zima, -bivu.}
Changamana,v.alsoTangamana,
be in a mixed-up condition, often
with na t (i) be mixed up with ; (2)
meddle, interfere in ; (3) be adjoining
(bordering on, next to). Shamba
hmechangamana na pwani, the es-
tate is adjacent to the shore. (Cf.
changa, changanya, and -mana.)
changam'fu, a. agreeable,
CHANGO
S*vv,a.uic, CH-
livening, good-humoured, cheerful.
(Cf. follg.)
Changam'ka, v. become cheerful,
look bright and happy, be in good
spirits, be in a buoyant mood. Ame-
changam'ka, he has recovered his
spirits, he is happy. Used of the sun
coming out bright after cloud or rain.
Also of scenery, inchi inachangamka
the view has become bright, clear to
the eye. Cs. changam'sha, -shwa
cheer up, revive the spirits, gladden,
exhilarate. (Cf. follg., also antka,
and ^.furahi, be happy; chekdea.
be smiling.)
Changam'ko, n. (ma-\ entertain-
ment, amusement, pastime, play
anything that raises the spirits.
(Cf. mchezo, mazungumzo.)
Changanua, v. separate what is
mixed, resolve into constituent parts,
analyse, simplify what is compound.
(Cf. changa, v., changanya, &c.)
Changanya, v. (i) collect to-
gether, mix, form into one mass;
(2) make in a mess, muddle, con-
fuse. Ch. tembo na maji, mix palm
wine with water. Ps. changanywa.
Nt. changanyika. Ap. changany-ia,
-iwa. Cs. changany-isha, iza, (i)
mix, adulterate; (2) cause confusion
m, perplex. (Cf. changa, v., chan-
ganua and syn. (i) kusanya, (3)
chafua.}
Changarawe, n. grit, small stones,
fine gravel, bits of stone in sand or
rice. (Not so fine as mchanga, sand ;
finer than vikokoto, small stones.
With termination -we, cf. jiwe
mbwe.} '.
Chango, n. (ma-\ (i) contribu-
tion, subscription, esp. of money or
food, for a common object. Ch. la
mchele, a contribution of rice. Killa
nyumba ilete ch., let every house
bring a contribution (for a sacrifice) ;
(2) levy, muster. Ch. la watu,
wachanganao kwenda vitani, a mus-
ter of men, who muster together to
go .to war. (Cf. changa, v., and
notes ; also mchango.} n. plur. of
uchango, which see, (i) smaller in-
testines ; also (2) (sing, and plur.)
chango za tumbo, round intestinal
worms. Also chango (ma-) in simi-
lar sense ; ch. la uzazi, the umbilical
cord. n . (vy.} = ki-ango, i.e. kidude
CHANGTJ J
cha kuangikia vitu, something to hang
things on (from), i.e. peg, rail, hook,
.\kacnda changoni akc.:
upanga, and he went to the peg, and
took down the sword. (Cf. angika,
. and note, also mwango.)
Changu, n. a small kind of fish,
common in Z. market a. pron.
of i Pers. S., agreeing with D 3 (S),
my, mine, of me. (Cf. angu, -a&e.)
Changua, v. take to pieces, dis-
connect, used of dismembering and
cutting up animals for food. (l\v.
form of changa, which see.)
Chani, adv. also Tani, on the back
(in a recumbent position). Lola chani,
lie on the back. Also chanichani.
(Cf. chali, and dist. chant, chana.)
Chanikiwiti, a. green, grass green.
(Perh. from ki-(j}ani kiwiti, for
kibicht, i. e. fresh grass (leaves), and
so of colour. Cf. syn. rangi ya
majani, grass-colour.)
Chanja, v. also sometimes changa,
and shanga, ?chenja, (i) cut into,
make a cut (incision, gash) in. Ch.
uchalc, make an incision (with knife,
razor, lancet). Ch, mti, make cuts
in a tree (whether to obtain sap or
remove bark). Mzichanjc tuzikaushc
hizi nyama, slice up this flesh, so that
we may dry it. (2) Cut up, split in
pieces, make by cutting up. Ch. Xv/;/*',
split logs for firewood. Ps. chanjwa.
Ap. chanj-ia, ~iwa.
>:jiu>a ndui, be vaccinated.
Chanjiana t make incisions together,
i. e. in making blood-friendship. Cs.
ha, -ish'va, &c. Rp. chanj-
ana, -anisha, See. (Cf. chcnga, and
yn./ojwa, tcma, kola, toja^ and follg.
chanjo, mchanjo.} n. used (not
>f many objects made of
wicker -voven twigs, osiers,
wattk-s.V. g. a screen, a kind of hurdle,
Ming an animal's food, a
: sieve or strainer, n
stand for storing grain safely in n
house, an arbour or shelter made of
interlacing branches, summer-house,
a frame for smoking meat on over
) CHAPA
a fire, &c. Ch.ya chuma, a grid-
iron. Ch. ya kuanikia tiyaina ma-
shim, a frame for drying meat on in
the smoke. Ingia nyumbani hatta
:mi hatta juu ya ch., go inside
the house, and look even under the
bed and even on the store-shelf.
*Chanjari, adv. See Sanjari, and
Vinjari. (? Ar.)
Chanjo, n. (ma-}, gash, cut, in-
cision. Piga chanjo la mti, make a
cut in a tree. (Cf. chanja, mchanjo,
also syn. chale, tojo^)
Chano, n. (vy-}> flat round wooden
platter, with a low rim. Sometimes
with a stand in one piece, forming a
low table. Used as (i) plate for food,
chano wanachotia fhakula, a platter
on which they place food ; ( a ) a board
for carrying mortar on ; (3) a wash-
ing-table.
Chanua, v. (i) put out leaves (of
plants generally). (Cf. chipuka?) (a)
Rv. of chana, comb (with similar mean-
ing), uncomb, comb out. (Cf. follg.)
Chanuo, n. (ma-") and Shanuo, a
large comb, often of wood, with long
coarse teeth, but neatly carved. (Cf.
kitana, comb of a smaller kind.)
Chanyata, v. slice up (of bananas,
cassavas, and various kinds of food).
v Cf. chatta, v. and n., and mchanyato.}
Chanzo, n. (vy-\ (i) the
beginning of something, a start, a
first step ; (a) a first principle,
ground, reason ; (3) draught, outline,
sketch. Chanzo cha ma/i, i
Cf. ras il mali. ( For kianzo, cf. an*a t
and the more general mwanzo.)
Ohao crs. P. agree-
ing with ir, theirs, of them.
f. -ao, and -akc.}
Chapa, v. beat, nit, strike, for the
more common //.;. /v
.1 strike you with
Chapa r. up on the j;
walk heavily. (Cf. chapa,
:. and chafu.} n.
(i) stroke, blow, but esj
of a blow, stamp, mark,
:ice used of various objects.
CHAPEO
40
CHELEZA
e. g. postage stamp, stencil, printer's
type. Akawapiga killa mtu ch.
tnkononi, he branded each man on
the arm. Pipa limeandikwa ch., the
cask has a mark on it. Pi go, ch.
kitabu, print a book. (Cf. prec.)
Chapeo, n. hat (of a European
kind), helmet. (Cf. French chapeau,
and kofia.}
Chapua, v. give a blow (to), strike
(with). Chapua miguu, stamp, tramp,
walk quickly. Chapua (and also the
Cs. Intens. form chapuliza}' ngoma,
beat hard on (get more sound out of)
a drum. (Rv. of Chapa, v.. but
with similar meaning.)
Chapu-chapu,adv. and int., Quick !
Make haste! Hurry up! Chapu-chapu
ni mwendo iva haraka, ' chap-chap '
means ' quick march.' (Cf. chapa.}
Chapuo, n. (vy-}, a small kind of
drum. (Cf. chapua, chapa, and see
Ngoma.)
Charaza, v. sometimes used for (i ;
' play, dance, play on an instrument' ;
also (2) ' go a stroll, strut or saunter
about the town,' but not usual in Z.
Chatu, n. a large snake rather com-
mon in Z., growing to over 12 feet in
length, python, boa-constrictor.
Chavu, n. (ma-}. See Shavu, n.
Chawa, n. (i) a louse ; (2) a kind
offish. Kidole kimoja hakivunji ch.,
a single finger does not kill a louse.
*Chayi, n. tea. See Cha, Chai.
Chaza, n. an oyster.
Chazo, n. a sucker fish.
Cheche,n. (i) ( ) a small reddish-
brown animal like a mungoos, com-
mon in Z. ; (2) (ma-}, a spark. (Cf.
kimetimeti.}
Chechea, v. be lame, walk lamely.
(Cf. chechemea, and chopi.}
Chechele, n. absence of mind, an
absent-minded person. Chukuliwa
na chechele, have a fit of absence.
Chechemea, v. be lame. (Cf.
chechea, chopi.}
Chechesha, v. dandle, fondle, at-
tend to, play with a child, help an
invalid.
Chege, n. (ma-}, bow-leg, bandy-
leg. Ana chege la miguu, ana
machege, he is bandy-legged. Hence
perh. chegea, walk awkwardly, in a
lame way (Str.). a. moist, watery,
e. g. muhogo mchege, i.e. not dry and
floury. (Not often in Z. Cf. chepe-
chepe.}
Chego,n. (w0-),also Jego, molar
tooth, back tooth, grinder. (Ci.jino,
and kichego.}
Cheka, v. (i) laugh, smile, grin;
(2) laugh at, mock, ridicule. Tulim-
cheka sana, we laughed at him
heartily. Ps. chekwa. Nt. chekeka.
Ap. chek-ea, -ewa, also chek-elea,
-elewa, smile, smile at. Cs. chek-
esha, -eshwa, chesha, cause to laugh,
amuse, excite ridicule (amazement).
Rp. chekana. (Cf. cheka, -cheshi,
cheza, mchezo.}
Cheko, n. (ma-}, a laugh, laughter.
Piga macheko makubwa, utter roars
of laughter. (Cf. cheka, &c.)
Chelea, v. Ap. from (i) -cha
( which see), set (of the sun). Jua
linatuchelea, we are caught by sun-
set, belated ; (2) -cha, fear. Nam-
chelea zaidi ya Sultani, he inspires
more awe in me than the Sultan does.
(Cf. follg. and chelewa, cheleza.}
Cheleo, n. (ma-}, (i) delay; (2)
object of fear. See Chelea, Che-
lewa.
Chelewa, v. be late, be too late,
remain an unusual or unexpected
time. Sikiikawia wala sikuchelewa,
I did not delay and I was not late.
Ukuni huu umechtlewa moto sana,
this stick of wood has kept hot a
wonderful time. Maji yachelewa
kisimani, there is still water left in
the well. (See -cha and Chelea, of
sunset, of " which it is apparently
the Ap. Ps. form, the idea of over-
sleeping, and being overtaken by
dawn generalized to mean 'late-
, ness' of any kind, and 'overlong re-
maining.' Cf. cheleo, cheleza, and for
delay, lateness, kawia, ukawa, usiri.)
Cheleza, v. cause to remain till
CHELEZO
41
CHEREHANA
morning (i.e. all night\ and so
cause to remain an unusual time,
reserve, leave) for a purpose.
Wakamchcleza mtoto shimoni, they
let the child remain in the pit (for
safety). Ps. cheleswa. Ap. che-
ickuchelezea tvali
halt a alfajiri, I have left rice ready
for you in the morning, i. e. saved it
from the evening meal. Cs. che~
lez-esha, -eshwa, cause to put aside,
preserve, &c. (Cf. -cha, chelea,
cAe/ewa, &c.)
Chelezo, n. (vy-), (i) a buoy, life-
buoy, anchor buoy, described as ki-
gogo kifleacho kuonyesha nanga, a
Hoating log of wood showing where
the anchor is; 2) fisherman's float,
to support net or line. (From
eUa, and cf. ki-elezo with a different
meaning.) (3) Something causing de-
lay (cf. chfleoj chelewa, &c.).
Chembe, n. a grain, a single
grain, a minute separate part of a
thin^, a single small thing, e. g.
a grain of sand (nichanga), of corn
(nafaka), of incense (ttbani), a seed,
a bead ( = ushanga mmojd). Chembe
chembe, in grains, grain by j^rain,
granular. Chembe is sometimes
with the meaning 'arrow- head,
cad,' i.e. ki-embe (cf. tvembe
and pcrh. jembe for ji-embe}. Also
(hembc ya mayo, the place where the
throb of the heart is frit, pit of
the stomach. (Cf. syn. funje, also
vi&t.)
Chembeu, n. (vy-\ a kind of
blunt chisel used for caulking.
Chemchemi.n. a spring (of water).
(Cf. chcmka, or ?Ar. tamtam.)
Chera'ka,v. and Chemuka, bubble,
and so of hot water, boil. Maziwa
yachemka kwa kupata moto sarta,
milk bubbles up when it ^cts v y
m'ka, boiled
eggs. Cs. chcm-sha, -shwa, cause
Chemko, n. boiling, huh'
alto mchctnko, nchemko. <
Cheneo, n. See Kienoo.
Chenezo, n. (iy-\ a measure,
measuring-rod (line , anything to
measure with (stick, strip of cloth,
string, grass, &c.). Described as
kidude cha kuenezea kit it, a thing
for measuring anything. (For ki~
enezo, cf. cfolezo, and enea, and syn.
ckeo, kipiino^}
Chenga, v. cut, esp. of the lighter
operations of cutting, e. g. brushwood
for firing or fencing, stalks of ripe
grain, ripe heads of grain, bunches of
grapes, &c. Ps. ehengwa. Ap.
chcng'Ca, -rwa. (Cf. chanja,pasua,
kata, &c., nichengo.)
Chenga, n. ( ), name of a large
fish, ? skate, sun fish.
Chenge, n. (vy~), for kicnge, dim.
of mwenge (which see).
Chenge-chenge, n. small bits,
chips, snippings. (Cf. chenga, and
chctnbe-chembc.)
Chenu, a. pron. of 2 Pers. P.,
agreeing with D 3 (S), your, yours,
of you. (Cf. -ake, and -tnu.)
Chenza, n. (ma-), a large kind of
Mandarin orange, fruit of the ;;/
Some are red or blood oranges. The
best are called chenza za kiajjemi,
i. e. Persian, and a small kind kangaja.
(Cf. mchcnza, mchungwa, kangaja.)
Cheo, n. (vy-), (i) n
surcmcnt, dimensions, size ; (-'
degree, station. Too, ch., fix t:
Ch. cha kuanzia kitako cha kikafo,
measurement for beginning the bot-
tom of the basket, and so
the size. Kufita cA. t beyond mea-
sure, excessively. lie is an
ill-bred (low-born) person. Ch.
bora (kikubwa\ high rank. <
chentzo, kipimo ; also daraja, rank.)
Chepe chape, a. wet, soaked,
Cf. maji niaji,
, leiua, Itnveka.)
Chorehana, n. used g( :
of small foreign machines in /...
esp. sewing machines, which are
n. Ch. ya kushona, a sewing
/ ya ft., machine sewing.
is. karhana, manufactory.)
CHEKEHE
42
CHIMBUKA
*Cherehe, Cheree, n. a grind
stone. (Cf. kinoo, and prec.)
Chetezo,n. (vy-}, a vessel to burn
incense in, often of earthenware,
described as kidude cha kuvukizia
manukato, something to burn sweet
smelling substances in, a censer,
censing-pot. (For ki-etezo, or ?&'-
otezo, cf. ota, otesha, of crouching over
a fire or anything warm. Cf. vukiza,
kivukizo.}
*Cheti, n. (vy-}, small written
note or memorandum, note, certifi-
cate, ticket, passport, &c. (? Hind.
Cf. hati, banta.}
Chetu, a. pron. of I Pers. P.,
agreeing with D 3 (S), our, ours, of
us. (Cf. -etu, and -a&e.}
Cheua, v. ruminate, chew the
cud (of ruminant animals). Nt.
cheuka, have a rising in the throat.
Cs. cheusha, e. g. cause eructation.
(Cheu, and mcheu, n. seem to be
used also of rumination and eructa-
tion. Cf. kiungulia.}
Chewa, n. a large kind of fish.
Cheza, v. (i) play, sport, take
a holiday, have a game, make a move
in a game ; (2) idle, waste time, not
be in earnest, trifle; (3) act, work,
move, esp. of the easy motion of
machine running well, or a hinge,
bolt, wheel, watch, &c. ; (4) drill,
be drilled (as soldiers). Ps. chezwa.
Nt. chezeka. Ap. chez-ea, -ewa,
play with (in, for, &c.), make sport
of, mock. Kidude cha kttchezea
watoto, a child's plaything, a toy.
Cs. chez-esha, -eshwa, give a holiday
(rest) to. Chezcsha unyago, cause to
take part in unyago (which see).
Chezesha frasi, make a horse curvet
(prance). Ch. mtoto, dandle a child.
Rd. cheza-cheza. Likachezacheza lile
jabali, and the rock swayed. (Cf.
mchezo, chezo, and perh. cheka. Also
of pastime, ongea, zungumza.}
Chezo, n. (ma-), sport, game,
play, pastime. (Cf. cheza, mchezo.}
Chicha, n. the white nutty sub-
stance inside a ripe cocoanut, when
it has been scraped or grated out
with an mbuzi, and the oil (tut]
strained out by passing water through
it. It is generally considered refuse,
used for cleaning the hands with,
and thrown to the fowls. Described
as nazi iliyokunwa, iliyokamuliwa,
iliyochujiwa, i.e. cocoanut grated,
squeezed and strained. Also used
of the residuum or lees of other
oil-producing seeds. (Dist. mchi-
cha, a vegetable, and cf. tui, kasi-
mele.}
Chichiri, n. (*-), commonly
kijiri, a bribe, i.e. tnali ya kumpa
kathi, money given to a judge (to
secure his verdict). (Cf. rush-wa,
hongo, mlungula.}
Chigi, n. or Chinki, a small
yellow bird.
Chikichi, n. (ma-\ fruit of the
palm-oil tree (mckikichi), containing
small nuts called kichikichi.
Chimba, v. dig, make (get) by
digging, of excavation, not as lima,
of cultivation. Ch. shimo, dig a pit,
sink a shaft (mine), make a hole.
Ch . kaburi, d ig a grave . Ch . udongo ,
dig out soil. Ps. chimbwa. Nt.
chimbika. Ap. chimb-ia, -i-wa.
Mto huu umechimbiwa na Wafransa,
this canal was excavated by the
French. Cs. chimb-isha t -ishwa.
(Cf. ckimbua, chimbuka, chimbo.
Also ct.fukua, lima.}
Chimbo, n. ( , and ma-}, digging
place, place dug out, a digging, pit,
mine. Ch. ya mawe, quarry. Ch.
ya udongo, clay-pit. (Cf. prec.)
Chimbua, v. dig out, dig up, get
by digging, as udongo, clay, soil ;
unga, flour (out of a barrel) ; magogo,
stumps, &c. Nt. chimbuka, which
see. (Rv. of chimba, but similar
n result. Cf. chanua, chana.}
Chimbuka, v. used esp. of sun
or moon, ' appear, begin to shine,
rise,' whether from horizon or from
clouds. Also chimbuza, Intens. in
same sense, force its way out, make
ts appearance. (Cf. chimbua,
CHIMBUKO
43
CHOKA
chimba, if thus used, as it seems,
metaphorically. Also follg.)
Chimbuko, n. (ma-}, a first start,
a beginning, standpoint, basis, source,
first principle. (Cf. syn. chanzo,
asili.)
Chimvi, n. See Timvi.
Chini, adv. (i) down, below, be-
neath, under, at the bottom, on the
ground, downstairs, underground ;
(a) in a lower place, on foot, at
a lower part ; (3) in a low (in-
ferior, subject, humble) state (rank,
condition, &c.). Often kwa chini in
same senses, -a chini forms an ad-
jective bearing any of the above
meanings. Yuko ch. t he is down-
stairs. Lola ch., lie on the ground.
Wangint wanakwenda ch., wangine
juu ya nyama, some go on foot,
some ride on animals. Kitambi cha
kuvaa ch., a cloth to wear on the
loins. Njia ya ch., a subterranean
passage. Churn ba cha ch., the lower
room, or a cellar. Ch. ya Sultani,
in the Sultan's jurisdiction. Chini
kwa chini, emphat., at the very bot-
tom, wholly below, &c. (-111 appears
to be locative, i. e. chini, on the
ground. Cf. inchi, and opp./MW.)
Chinja, v. (i) slaughter, cut the
throat of, kill, esp. of killing ani-
mals for food ; (2)of brutal indiscrim-
inate killing of persons, massacre,
slaughter, murder. Alimchinjaadui,
he slaughtered his opponent. (It
Ctnu sometimes locally used as&/a,
i.e. cut. Ku<hinja kanzu, to cut
out a dress.) Ps. chinjwa. Nt.
chinjika. Ap. chinj-ia, -iwa. Cs.
>';a t -ishwa. Kp. chinjana.
injo. Same word appears at
Mombasa as fine/a, also matindo,
and poss. in Z. in tindika, and mtindo.
For syn. cf. ua^Jisha, also chanja.)
10. n. (act, place, operation
of) slaughtering, slaughter-house,
massacre, battlefield. < !. <hinja. )
IHI, n. a kind of spirit, sup-
posed to drag people under water
and drown them, swimmer's cramp.
Chinyango, n. a piece of meat
forming a native butcher's perquisite.
(Perh. ki-nyango. Cf. change.')
Chipuka, v. also Chupuka,
sprout, shoot, spring up, of any
plant showing signs of life and
growth. Ap. chipuk-ia. Cs.
chipukisha, chipuza, and Intens.
sprout vigorously. (Cf. follg., and
syn. ota, mea, chanua^)
Chipukizi, n. ( , and ma-), also
Chipuko, shoot, young plant. Dim.
kichipukizi. (Cf. chipuka, and syn.
niche?)
Chiririka, v. also Tiririka and
Chururika, flow, trickle, run off,
glide, as water, or a snake. (Cf.
mchilizi, and tiririka, churuzika,
syn. chuza.}
-chirizi, a. machozi ma
trickling tears. (Cf. churuzika.)
Cho, -cho, -cho-,a. relat. agreeing
with D 3 (S), i. e. ki-o t which. (For
relat. see -0.)
Choa, n. (vy-}, mark or dis-
coloration of skin whether (i) by
disease, ringworm, &c., or (a) arti-
ficial beauty spot. Choa cheusi,
black (beauty) spot.
Chocha, v. poke, prod, stir up,
e.g. an animal in a hole. Ap.
choch-ea, -ewa, -elea, -fttwa, elezea,
-eltzrwa, poke at, stir
or lamp. Chochca kwa kijiti utambi
wa taa, poke at the wick of a lamp
with a bit of stick. Chttma cha
kuchochclca rnoto, a poker. Also
in fig. sense, stir up, cxv
AlimchoctuUua mamno yafi:
stirred up discord against him. Cf.
vumbilia. (Cf. mchocko, mchcckeo %
Chochoro, n. (ma-), alley, pmi-
sage, esp. of narrow passages between
booses in a native town. '
commoner mchochoro, kichochoro?)
Choka, v. become tir
-ued (worn out, ovcnlone).
ka, I am ; ti noun
of things, ch. njia (jua, kazi
be tired of travelling (weary with the
CHOKAA
44
CHOMBO
heat, worn out by work). Ch. na
mtu, be weary of a person's company
Ap. chok-ea, -ewa, chokeana. Cs
chosha,choke-za,chokc-sha, -shwa. Rp
chokana, e. g. all be weary together.
Chokaa, n. (i) lime; (2) white
plaster; (3) mortar, i.e. in Z. a
mixture of lime with sand and rec
earth. Lime is also used for chewing
with tobacco. See Tambuu.
Chokea, n. a sty (in the eye).
Choki-choki, n. fruit of the mchoki-
choki with a deep-red prickly rind,
sweet white pulp, and large stone
See Mchokichoki.
Choko, n. vyoko, also Chocho,
oven. (See Joko, cf. oka.}
Chokora, v. and Chokoa, pick
at, poke, esp. of working at a hard
substance with a pointed instrument,
knife, or finger, e. g. clear out a hole,
take up weeds. Ch. meno, clean
the teeth (with a toothpick). See
Msuaki. Ps. chokolewa. Ap.
choko-lea, -lewa, kijiti cha hucho-
kolea metw, a toothpick. ? Cs.
chokoza, which see. (Cf. chocha,
mchokoo, chokoza, and chakura.)
n. (ma-}, dependent, follower,
hanger-on.
Chokoza, v. tease, bully, annoy,
vex. Ps. chokozwa. Ap. chokoz-ea,
-ewa. (Cf. chokora, and syn. sumbua,
tesa, uthi.}
Chole, n. a kind of bird, ? a jay.
Choma, v. (i) pierce, stab, prick,
thrust (something into) ; (a) apply
fire to, cook, set on fire, burn, brand,
cauterize; (3) hurt the feelings (of)j
provoke, give pain to, excite. Ch.
mtu kisu, stab a man with a knife.
Ch. molo> apply fire. Ch. nyumba
moto (or, kwa moto), set a house on
fire. Ch. samaki, harpoon a fish.
Ch. mkuki, run a spear into. Ps.
chomwa. Nt. chomeka, i.e. be
pierced (burnt, hurt, &c.), but also
Act., e. g. chomeka mkuki, stick a
spear in the ground. Chomeka kisu
kiunoni, stick a knife into the waist-
band (girdle). Ap. chom-ea, -eana,
-elea, -elewa. Chomca majani mfu-
koni, stuff grass into a bag. Chome-
lea, stick pieces into, e. g. of repairing
clothes by patches, a roof with new
thatch, and in masonry of bringing a
rough wall to a surface with mortar
and small stones. ( Cf. tomea, mtomo^)
Cs. chom-esha, -eshwa, e. g. chomesha
mbwa, set a dog on, make him angry.
(Cf. chomo, mchomo, chomeo, chomoa,
chomoza, also mtomo, tomea, &c., in
which / represents ty, ch.)
Chombo, n. (zjy-), (i) implement,
instrument, utensil, tool, piece of
furniture, movable, of any kind or
description. Vyombo includes all
personal belongings, chattels, house-
hold apparatus, baggage. Chombo
cha kufanyia kazi, an instrument to
work with. Vyombo vya seramala, a
carpenter's tools. Chukua vyombo
vyangii ndani, carry my things in-
doors. (2) A cooking pot being the
most universal and necessary utensil,
Chombo, by itself, commonly refers
to a vessel for containing something,
' pot, pan, jug, jar, cup,' but still more
universally in Z. means (3) 'a native
sailing vessel, a dhow.' In this sense
it includes a number of varieties, e.g.
mtepe, betela, batili, bdgala, bedeni,
awesia, ghangi, but is distinguished
from others of a smaller size, e.g.dau,
mtumbivi) galawa, mashua all of
which may also carry sails, and from
those of European build, commonly
called werikebu, jahaxi, meli, mano-
ivari, &c. (All coast and foreign
trade being formerly carried on in
these vessels, the dhow was at once
he most remarkable ' instrument '
and also ' containing vessel ' known
to the natives, whence prob. the use
of chombo as its name. Hence also
many of the words connected with
he dhow and its parts are of non-
Bantu origin.) Panda (ingia) chom-
boni, go on board (embark in) a
/essel. Shuka chomboni, land, go
ashore, disembark. (Cf. jombo>
nd syn. as above, also chungu.}
CHOMEO
45
CHOO
Chomeo, n. (ma-\ gridiron, toast-
ing-fork, or other similar instrument
for cooking, anything used for prick-
ing or piercing. (Cf. choma.)
Chomo, n. (i) a burn, stab, prick,
Sec. (Cf. mehomo.} (2) Burnt stuff,
dross, slag. Ch. la chunta, iron slag,
refuse of smelting furnace. (Cf.
choma.}
Chomoa, v. draw out, take oat,
expose, bring to light. Ch. mkuki,
take out a spear from a wounded
animal. Ch. mwiba, extract a thorn.
Ch. ki$u, unsheathe (draw, draw out)
a knife. (Rv. form of ckoma. Cf.
ornoa, chomoza.)
Chomoza, v. (i) make a way out,
come out, appear, stick out. Matta
yanachomoza, the flowers are begin-
ning to appear. Ras inachomoza,
the cape juts out (comes into sight).
Esp. of the sun, jua Kmachomoza,
the sun bursts out. Hence (a) of the
sun, 'be hot, scorch' (as if chonut).
(Intens. form of chomoa. Ci.choma.)
Chonga, v. cut to a shape, shape
with a cutting instrument, whence a
variety of meanings according to the
instrument used and shape produced,
'hack, chip, bevel, dress, square, point,
smooth, carve, &c.' Chonga tfUi,
trim (dres, square) a tree, ready for
cutting into planks. Ch. boriti, trim
(square) a pole (for a rafter). Ch.
kijiti, cut a stick to a point. ( h.
kalama, point a pen, make a pen.
Ch. mtumbwi, cut out a canoe.
Also, ch. mancno. invent (add to,
a story. Ch. sonant*, cut
out figures. Ch. mawt, dress stones.
Akachonga nn-injc sura kama bin
Adamu, and he roughly carved the
nssjnrina into a human figure.
Mti lililochongwa ncha kama mkuki t
uxxi which was cut to
, like a spear. V*. chongwa.
Nt. chongeka. A p. (hong-fa, -twa,
tana, (i) cut with (for, in. &c,).
Chongta panda la rnnazi, cut a piece
off the Mower-stem of a cocoanot
tree, to increase the flow of .sap. Bat
also common in (2) fig. sense, tell
tales about, inform against, betray,
complain of, accuse (esp. unkindly or
falsely), slander, discredit, and still
more emphatically chongclca and In-
tens. chongcltza. Amenichongea kwa
mantno mabaya kwa wali, he dis
credited me with a shameful story to
the governor. Mtu huchongewa na
itlirni wake, a man is betrayed by
his own tongue. Cs. chong-esha,
-eza, -eswa. Rp. chongana. (Cf.
chongo, mchongo, chonge % chonjo,
uchongezi, chongckzo, chongoaa\so
chanja, chenga, chinja all referring
to cutting.)
Chonge, n. also ? chongolt, a canine
(pointed) tooth, cuspid. Chonge za
meno, teeth filed to a point. (Cf.
chongu, with pass, termination -(,
and for teeth, jtno.)
Chongelezo, n. (ma-) t what is
told to a person's discredit or dis-
advantage, tales, unkind gossip,
scandal, &c. (Cf. chonga, ucho-
ngezi, &c.)
Chongo, n. absence of one eye,
loss of an eye. Afwenyi chongo, a
one-eyed person. Ana chongo, he has
lost an eye. (Cf. ? chonga.)
Chongoa, v. (i) cut to a shape,
round off, cut to an angle (point),
bring to a point, sharpen, point ; (2)
be of a pointed shape, be angular, be
jagged. Ch. kikango, round off a
cooking pot. Nt. chongoka, be sharp,
jagged, e. g. of craggy, prt.
rocks. Rat imeck. kama sifui..
cape is as sharp as a needle,
form of chonga, with similar meaning.
Cf. chcma, chomoa.}
Chongo, n. (17-), a large kind
of fish.
Choo, n. (ry-\ privy, water-closet,
with stone at the sides, and closing
gradually into a small apcm
the centre. Usually connected with
the bath-room in large houses. Enda
chooni, go to the closet, go to stool.
Wakamptlcka chooni wakamwogttha,
CHOOKO
46
CHOYO
they conducted him to a closet and
gave him a bath. Also used (i) of
the action of the bowels, &c. Pat a
ch., have a motion of the bowels
Funga ch., be constipated, have an
obstruction of the bowels. Ch. soft,
free action of the bowels. Ch. ki-
kubwa is used of solid, ch. kidogo
of liquid motions; (2) of (solid)
excreta. Haifai kutia mkojo ao
choo katika maji, it is a mistake
to put the excreta of either kind in
water.
Chooko, n. See Choroko.
Chopa, n. (ma-}, handful, of what
can be gathered and held in the
fingers, as sticks, ropes, bits of wood,
&c. (Cf. konzi, n., and chopoa. Cf.
chopa, v., trade in a small way, hawk
goods about the country, not used
in Z. Cf. syn. churuza.}
Chopi, adv., enda chopi, be lame
on one side, walk lamely.
Chopoa, v. snatch from the hand,
take away suddenly, seize by surprise,
pluck away, filch. Ps. chopolewa.
Nt. chopoka (and a variant chupuka,
churupuka}, slip from the grasp, be
filched away, escape, extricate one-
self, e.g. from a snare. Sungura
akachopoka mkottoni mwa simba, the
hare slipped from under the lion's
paw. Ap. chopo-lea, -lewa. (Cf.
chopa, and syn. ponyoka.}
Choro, n. ( , and ma-\ marks
made with a tool, engraving, carving,
scratch, scrawl, bad writing, hiero-
glyphics. Also machorochoro, carved
patterns, writing. (Cf. chora, and
nakshi, bomlnue.}
Choroko, n. also Chooko, a small
dark-green pea or bean, often mixed
with rice and other grain for food.
Considered inferior to kunde. Huku-
shiba mikundeni, utashiba michoro-
koni ? If kundt did not satisfy you,
vi\\\ chorokot (Cf. mchoroko.}
Chosha, v. (Cs. of choka, i. e. for
chokes ha}, make weary, be fatiguing.
See Choka.
-choshi, a. (choshi with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), tiresome, tiring. (Cf.
choka, -chovu.}
Chosho, n. and Josho, for ki-osho,
ji-osho, washing, place for washing,
bathing-place. Mahali pa choshoni,
place for washing, e. g. of corpses, or
clothes. (Cf. oga, osha, and fua,
ftto.}
Chosi, n. and Chozi, includes two
species of birds, one very fond of
fresh cocoanut sap, tembo, a Necta-
rinia (Sa.).
Chota, v. take up a little of, take
a pinch of, take up by bits (pieces),
pick up with the fingers. Ch. maji,
fetch a little water at a time. Ch.
kuni, fetch firewood. Ps. chotwa.
Nt. choteka. Ap. chot-ea, -eiva.
Kazi yake kumchotea maji mwalimu,
his duty was to supply his teacher
with water. Cs. chot-esha, -eshiva.
(Cf. choto, mchoto, and danga, dona,
donoa, also chopa.}
Choto, n. a small part (piece, bit,
quantity, amount, a scrap, a pinch).
(Cf. chota, mchoto.}
-chovu, a. (chovu with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), (i) weary, tired,
fatigued, worn out, bored, exhausted ;
(2) tiresome, tiring, wearying. (Cf.
choka, -choshi.}
Chovya, v. put (into), plunge
(into), dip (into), make contact with,
touch, finger. Ch. kidole motoni, put
a finger in the fire. Ch. nguo katika
maji, plunge clothes into water.
Ch. asali, dip into (touch) honey.
Mchovya asali hachovyi marra moja,
ie who dips his finger in honey", does
not do it once. Alimchovya haya,
ic plunged him in confusion. Nt.
chovyeka. Ap. chovy-ea, -ewa. Cs.
chovy-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. chovyo y
mchovyo.}
Chovyo, n. (ma-}, a dip, touch,
what is got by a dip (touching).
'Cf. chovya.}
Choyo, n. avarice (shown either in
getting or keeping), greediness, covet-
ousness, a grasping nature, miserli-
ness, &c. . Mwenyi ch., a grasping,
CHOZI
47
CHTJKIA
niggardly person. KUTVO, na ch., to
be covetous, to grudge. Lia ch.,
cry for (disappointed) greediness.
Also as a., huyu ni ch. sana, he is
a dog in the manger. (Cf. bahili,
roho, tamaa.)
Chozi, n. (ma-}, (i) a tear, tear-
drop 5(2) anything resembling a tear,
gum on trees, &c. Toka (lid) ma-
chozi, shed tears. Bubujika machozi,
burst into a flood of tears. Machozi
yalimchuruzika ttsoni, tears trickled
down his face. (Cf. chuza.) (3^
One or two species of bird. See
Chosi.
Chua, v. sometimes Tua, as at
Mombasa, (i) rub, rub down, and
so variously, grind, file, pound, polish;
(a) fig. of quarrelling, &c., jar, rub,
make discord. Kuchua si kwema,
friction is not good. Chua mtno t
clean the teeth. Chua mafumba ya
rub down the lumps in meal.
Chua-chua kitwa, rub (chafe) an
aching head. Ap. chu-lia, -/iwa,
-lika. Chulika mafuta, have oil
rubbed in. Jiwe la kuchulia, a grind-
stone. Rp. chuatta, e. g. of persons
wrestling. (Cf. saga, sugua, more
common in
Chub, int. (the ch being mainly
heard), expressing contempt or im-
patience, ' sht ! nonsense ! '
Chubua, v. take the skin off,
abrade, bruise badly, flog, give a
hiding to. A'iij/u changu kimcni-
rrtuu, my shoe has nibbed
the skin off my foot Ps. chubuliwa.
(inikci. Mgcmgo umechubuka,
k is raw. Ap. chttbu-lia,
liwa. Alimkanyaga mtoto akamchu-
,-ffst, he trod on the child and
rubbed the skin off. Cf. follg.)
Chubuko, n. (ma-), bruise, abra-
sion, raw place. (Cf. prec.)
Chubwi, n. n plummet, a sinker,
attached to fishing line to assist the
cast and sink the bait. (Cf. MMi,
ad, timaxi, carpenter's
plumb
Chuchu, n. ( , and ma-), a small
hard protuberance on the skin, wart,
pimple, small tumour, a callosity.
Chuchu la ziwa, teat. (Cf. sugu.)
Chuchumia, v. Ap. reach up (to),
stretch up to, as by rising on tiptoe
or hind-legs. Mbuzi anachnchumia,
the goat is trying to get at (the
leaves).
Chui, n. leopard.
Chuja, v. (i) filter, strain; (2)
strain out, remove by filtering or
straining; (3) cleanse, purify. Ch.
maji yaliyo na taka, filter dirty water.
Ch. nazi kiva kifumbu kupata tui,
filter (grated) cocoanut in a bag to
get the milky extract. Mitungu
achuje taka za moyo wefu, may God
take away the impurities of our heart.
Ps. I'hujwa. Nt. chujika. Moyo
tiliochitjika^ a purified heart. Ap.
chuj-ia, -iwa. Chombo cha kuchujia,
a filter (?chujio > ma-). Cs. chuj-
t'sba, -ishwa. (Cf. chujo, cAujua,
and perh. vuja.)
Chujo, n. ( , and wo-), what is
got by straining or filtering. Chujo
ya asalij molasses, treacle* (Cf.
prec.)
Chujua, v. Rv. form of ehuja,
implying an opposite result in, or by
use of, a liquid, i.e. spoil with water,
by washing or otherwise. Amcchu-
jua uji ivangu, una tnaji, he has
spoilt my gruel, it is too watery.
Ps. chujuliwa. Nt. chujukij, e.g.
nguo hizi zimcchujuka, these clothes
are spoilt (in colour) by washing.
Rangi hii haichujuki^ this colour
does not wash out, it is a fast colour.
Ap. chujulia, -iwa. (Cf. chuja.)
Ohuki, n. ill humour, bad temper,
dMikc, rcsrntmcnt. )ftu wa chuki
(or, wa ( -hukiihuki , one who is
<juick-tcm])crcd, easily put out, ready
to take offence. Yuna ch. t he is
offended, he is sulky. Ona th., be
in a bad temper. Tia <A., offend,
M take angry. (Cf. foil.
Chukia, v. hate, hav
towards (e.g. anger, resentment,
disgust, loathing, aversion), d
CHUKTJ
48
CHUMBA
abhor. Ps. chukiwa, be hated, &c.
Cs. chuk-iza, -izwa, e. g. cause dislike,
offend, put out. Hence chukiz-ia,
-iwa. But note that chukia is also
used, Act. and Ps., as chukiza, i. e.
cause chuki in, as well as, feel chuki
towards. Bwana amechukiwa na
mtiimwa wake, mtumwa wake alim-
chukiza, the master was provoked by
his slave, his slave provoked him.
Jichitkiza, grow angry of oneself,
be angry gratuitously (without cause).
Chukizisha, cause to be annoying,
make offensive. Chukizana, provoke
each other. Rp. chukiana, hate
each other. (Cf. chuki, ma-
cfiatkio.}
Chuku, n. cupping-horn. Piga ch. t
make a false impression, exaggerate,
tell an incredible story, draw the long-
bow. (Cf. umika, ndumiko.}
Chukua, v. (i) carry, bear (a load),
take on one's back (shoulders or
head, or in one's hands), e.g. as a
caravan porter (inpagazi) or town
porter (hamali, mchukuzi}. Ch.
mzigo begani, carry a load on the
shoulder, such load being usually
about 60 Ibs. weight in a mainland
journey. (2) Take, conduct, convey,
lead. Ch. mtoto huyu kwa babaye,
take this child to his father (ci.peleka
in this sense). (3) Take away, carry
off, remove, transport. Ch. taka,
remove a mess (cf. ondod). Also of
the feelings, carry away, transport,
overwhelm (of joy, sorrow, &c.).
(4) Bear up under (passively), i.e.
endure, put up with, take peaceably,
be resigned to (cf. vumilia, stahimili,
shukuru) ; (5) bear the weight
(responsibility) of, support, maintain,
sustain. Anach. wazee wake, he is
supporting his parents (cf. ponya,
ruzukisha, saidia]. (6) Take (in
capacity), contain, hold, have capacity
for (of a vessel, measure, &c.), and
fig. include, involve, allow of. Chombo
hiki kitach. pishi tatu, this vessel will
hold three pishi (tf. wekd]. (7) Take
up, use up, require. Safari He ilich.
situ nyingi, that journey occupied
many days. Zawadi hizi zitach.
ngtio nyingi, these presents will re-
quire a lot of cloth. Chukua has
many applications, e. g. neno hilt
lach. mambo mengi, this word includes
many things, i.e. has many meanings.
Ch. mimba, be pregnant. Nguo hizi
zinakuch., these clothes set off your
appearance, give you a fine air
(carriage). Ps. chukuliwa. Nt.
thukulika (rarely chukukd). Ap.
chuku-lia, -liwa t &c., e.g. carry to
(for, from, &c.), feel for (towards,
about, &c.). Nikuchuktilie, let me
carry it for you. Chukuliwa mash uku ,
be an object of suspicion. Inachu-
kulika, it is not too heavy to be
carried, it is endurable. Hence chuku-
liana, be compatible, agree, tolerate
each other's company. Cs. chuku-
za, -zwa, employ a person to carry,
lay a burden on, &c. fty. chuku-
ana, e. g. carry in turns, give mutual
support, endure each other, agree
together. (Cf. mchukuzi, ttchu-
kuzi.}
Chuma, n. ( , and vy-\ iron, a
piece of iron. Chuma pua (or pua
alone), steel. Mabamba ya ch. % iron
of a flat kind, hoop iron, iron plate,
&c. Pan (or fito} za ch. } iron rods,
bar iron. (For ki-uma, so cf. perh.
uma, kiuma.}
Chuma, v. (i) pluck, gather, of
fruit, flowers, &c. ; (2) make a profit,
esp. in trade or business, gain in
trade, prosper, be well paid. Watu
huenda chuma barra, people go to
make money up country. Ps. c hu-
mwa. Nt. chumika. Ap. chum-ia,
-iwa. Cs. chum-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.
chumo, uchumi, and syn. Ar. faidi,
faida?)
Chumba, n. (vy-~), room, chamber,
apartment, i.e. part of a nyumba,
esp. of a store house. Nyumba hit
ina vyumba vingi, this house has
many rooms. Ch. cha kulala,
bed room, dormitory. Ch. cha
kulia, dining room, refectory. (Cf.
CHUMO
40
CHtnSTUA
nyttmba, jitmba, mchnmba y also
tnkato. )
Chumo, n. (Ma-}, (l) plucking,
gathering. Machumo ya zabibu t
grapes plucked, vintage. (2) Profit,
gain, source of gain, employment.
(Cf. cAuma, v., and ttchumi.)
Chumvi, n. (i) salt; (2) salt ness,
pungency (of flavour or quality).
Maji ya ch. t salt water, brine, sea
contr. ma/i baridi, Maji ya
Mrtta, Maji matamu, maji ya fepo,
frohw.iur . Ch.ya haluli> sulphate
of magnesia, Epsom salts. Maneno
yoke ch., his remarks were pungent,
had a flavour.
Chuna, v. skin, flay, take the
whole skin off. HI rnc hunt ngozi
kwa vizuri, msikatt ivala msitoboc,
wa/a Msithunc na nyarna, Mrnchune
ZYma, take off the beast's hide properly,
do not cut it or make holes in it, and
do not take oft flesh with it, skin it
carefully. Also <>f stripping bark off
a tree. Chuna karnba, get (strips of
bark for) rope. Ps. chunwa. Nt.
chunika. Ap. chun-ia, -iwa. (Cf.
chunua, chuni, mchuni, also chubua,
ambua.}
Chunga, v. (i) tend, take care of,
act as guardian to, but esp. of ani-
:eeper or herdman
attle, goats, &c., feed,
take to pasture, graze, &c. (Cf.
Mchunga (-;.
Hour for
cooking, of lime for plaster, &c., by
shaking nn!
pet a, and (unga.
( ) is sometimes n., sifting?, husks,
-tc.)
ChiniKu i i , .thccommonett
around
nkcd earthen-
"1 or black in colour, of vari-
prith a h'l of same
1. (C'f. tin.-u, jtingH, ki~
.
% waya t
fua, kornbt, kibungu, Mkungu t ki-
. kango, kikombt, kikango, and
see Mtungi, Sufuria, and Chombo.)
(2) ( , and of size, wa-), a heap.
a quantity, a pile, a mass. (
chungt4, in heaps, quantities, j-ttha
zikaiva nyingi, chitngu zima, the
coins were numerous, a whole pile.
(Cf. syn. fungu, j'amti.) (3) An
ant, of a common small kind, and so
used more generically than other
names of species (e.g. mchwa, siafu.
maji ya moto, which =ee\ Also
used fig. of a poor, insignificant
person. (4) ( ) sometimes for
uchiytgu, of some particular kind of
smart, e. g. naona chungu ya mwiba,
I feel the sharp prick of a thorn.
Cf. follg.
-chungu, a. (chungtt with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), (,!) bitter, acrid,
sour, sharp in taste, acid ; (2) dis-
agreeable, unpleasant. Daiva^
bitter, unpalatable medicine.
r //*/?/, n., also often used as a., and
Chungulia, v. look at (down
upon, into), esp. of furtive or critical
and thorough examination, i. e. peep
(at), pry (into), cast glance (at), in-
spect closely. Ps. chtut
Nt. ehungnli-ka, -kana. Ap.
chungulilia. ['fa wa htc/i., a peep-
hole. Cs. chitnguza, e. g. Intens.
look carefully (anxiously, thoroughly}
into. (Cf. syn. angaJia, fasamia,
if?wa, n. (wa-), i
sweet orange, fruit <>f mchungwa
(which see), abundant for mm- month-;
>ear in /.. (Cl. for othrr
ngaja, n ".^wO
in ]>!. M
process of skinning, Mayiti^ an ani-
mal.
Chunjua, n. a small liar
tubcrancc on the skin, a wait. (Cf.
.//.)
ua, v. scrape si-
Alifhuntdi uso -i
skin '
CHUNUSI
50
-DACHI
Nt. chunuka. Ap. chunu-lia,
-liwa. Cs. chunu-za, -zwa. (Cf.
chuna, chubua, and follg.)
Chunusi, n. (i) and Chunuzi, a
bit of skin taken off, abrasion, raw
place; (2) same as Chinusi, which
see.
Chunyu, n. incrustation of salt,
deposit from salt water. Nimeoga
maji ya pivani nafanya chunyu,
I have had a sea-water bath, and feel
the salt on me. (Cf. munyu,
chumvi, nyttnyo.)
Chuo, n. (vy-}, W book; (2)
school. Buni (tunga) chuo,
write a book, compose a book.
Chuo cha serkali, a government
school. Mwana-chuoni, or -vyuoni,
(i) a (boy) scholar, one who attends
school ; (2) an educated, learned
man, a scholar, a man of books.
Enda chuoni, go to school. Tiwa
chuoni, be sent to school. (For
ki-uo, from the appearance of a
bound book, cf. uo, and for ' book '
Ar. syn. msahafu, kitabu, and for
' school ' madarasa, soma, v.)
Chupa, v. 'get over' something by
leap, step, hop, jump. Chupa gogo,
step over a log. Ap. chup-ia, -iwa,
and see follg. Cs. chup-isha,
-ishwa. (Cf. syn. kia, kiuka, and
vuka.} n. ( , and ma-}, a
bottle. Ch. la kutilia marashi,
a scent-bottle. Ch. la mvinyo, a
spirit bottle. Also used of the
' womb,' e. g. kuvunja chupa, of
first stage of childbirth. Dim. ki-
tupa (preserving the /, as at Mom-
Chupia, v. move quickly, rush,
dash, gallop. Frasi mzoefu wa ku-
chupia, a horse accustomed to going
quickly. (Conn, with chupa, v.)
Chupuka, Chupuza, v. See Chi-
puka, and Chopoka.
Chura, n. (z^-)> a ^ r S-
Churua, n. or Churuwa, and
Shurua, measles.
Chururika, v. See Chiririka,
and Churuzika.
Churuza, v. and Chuuza, keep
a small shop, do a retail business,
hawk goods about, be a pedlar.
(Cf. mchuruzi.)
Churuzika, v. and Chururika,
trickle down, run of, be drained
away, as water from roof, blood from
wound, rain from a tree, &c. Anach.
damu, he bleeds freely. Cs. chuniz-
isha, -ishwa, drain off, carry off.
(Cf. chirizika.) mchirizi, tiririka, and
also chuza.
Chusa, n. (^-)> a harpoon, used
for large fish, such as papa, nguru,
chewa.
Chuza, v. or Chuuza, Churuza,
trickle, glide, run down. Chozi la
unyonge likichuuza, as the tear of
abject misery falls. Kuvuja na
kuchuza hakulingani na wazi, ooz-
ing and trickling is not the same
as open (flood-gates). (Cf. chiri-
rika, churuzika.}
-chwa, v. Ps. from -cha, which
see.
D.
D represents the same sound as
in English.
Z>, as an initial in words of Arabic
origin, is used for three Arabic
letters, viz. Dal, and sometimes Tah
and Dhal. See T, Th.
D takes the place of / and r, as
the initial of a root, if a formative n
is prefixed. Thus kasha refu, a long
box ; kamba ndefu, a long rope.
D in Z. sometimes represents a j
or dy in the Mombasa dialect, and in
some words is not clearly distin-
guished from /. Thus words not
found under D may be looked for
under J or T.
Words beginning with D are
mostly of non-Bantu origin.
-dachi, a. commonly used for
' German.' Mdachi (wa-'), Dachi
(ma-}, a German. Kidachi, the
German language, of the German
kind. Udachi, Germany, also ulaya
Dachi. (From deutsch, cf.jamant.)
DADA
51
DALALI
Dada, n. sister, esp. elder sister,
a term of endearment among women.
*Dadisi, v. pry, be inquisitive, be
curious (about), ask unnecessary
questions (o: -ndadisi sana
hatta aniambie, I plied him with
questions to get him to tell me. Ps.
dadisiwa. Nt. dadisika. (?Ar.
Cf. mdadisi, and syn. hoji, chungulia,
*Dadu, n. and Dado, game, toy,
esp. of dice in Z. Qteza d., play
with dice. Machezo ya </., games
with dice. (An).
*Dafina, n. hidden treasure, trea-
sure-trove, godsend. (Ar.)
*Daftari, n. an account book,
catalogue, list. (Ar. Cf. worotha,
ya mo/f.)
Dafu, n. (ma-), a cocoanut in the
stage when it is full of milk, further
described as (i) bupu la dafn,punjc
la dafu, dafu la kukomba, dafu* la
kulamba, \. e. when just beginning to
form a soft layer of nutty substance
in the shell, which can be licked or
easily scraped off, and (2) tonga la
dafu, when the nutty substance has
become thick and tough. Maji ya
dafu, cocoanut milk. Dafu is also
commonly used for the milk itself,
little cared for by natives. (Cf.
nasi.)
Dagaa, n. (? plur. of :tdagaa\
very small fish, fish in an early stage,
small fry, like whitebait, a favourite
*Dai, v. (i) summons, prosecute,
sue at law, accuse, charge ; (a) claim
in court, demand as a right, claim.
! accuse you. Nadai
kivako haki yangu, I claim ::
my lawful rights. Rufia amdaiyo
Tuna, the rupee which Tuna claims
I/I, claim for
oncscl f martial spirit, boast of prowess.
Ap. (fata, claim on
of (in reference to, for, from,
act as solicitor for. Rp.
daiana, of counter claims, cross-suit
n. \mar\ legal process, suit,
claim, for the more usual' da*iva}.
(Ar. Cf. mdai, dawa, and for
' claim ' hu
*Daima, adv. perpetually, per-
manently, constantly, continually,
always. Nam-wona d. akipita, I see
him constantly passing. Dttmu J.,
emphat., always, for ever and ever,
never endingly, eternally, -a daima,
a. continual, permanent, lasting.
(Ar. Cf. d:ttnu, and syn. siku zote,
marra kwa marra, and for ' lasting '
tshi, aushi.}
Daka, v. catch, snatch, seize, get
hold of, with a sudden, quick move-
ment, e.g. catch a ball thrown in
the air, pounce on a thief, appropriate
food greedily. Also daka inancno,
make a smart response (quick re-
partee, sharp reply % Ps. dakwa. Ap.
dak-ia, -iwa. Cs. dak-iza,
e. g. object to, rebut, contradict.
(? Cf. dakizo, dakua, udaku, d,:
and nyaka, nyakua, and for ' seize '
katnata, shika.} n. (/a-\
receptacle, niche in wall, cupboard.
D. la inlango, a recess with a door,
cupboard. Dim. kidaka. (Cf.
dakua, and dukiza, prob. the same
root.)
*Dakawa, n. towing line, tow-
rope, i. e. kamba ya kufungasia.
*Dakika, n. the smallest division of
time, moment, minute, second.
d. rnoja, in a twinkling, at once. ( Ar.)
Dakizo, n. (ma-), objection, con-
on, demurrer. (Cf. daka.}
*Daku, n. midnight meal taken
by Mahomraedans nathan.
(Ar. Cf. Ramath>:<
Dakua, v. let 01.
'k indiscn
A p. dak:t
talk foolishly to (for, about, against,
Cs. dakuliza, used as ' con-
tradict, protest against, obje*.'
of Ja*a.
Dalali, n. salesman, auctioneer,
broke:. ick. (Ar.
. v;;/,;,//'.)
E J
DALASINI
52
DAWA
*Dalasini, n. cinnamon, from the
tree mdalasini. (Ar.)
Dalia. n. a yellow mixture, used
by women for personal adornment
(cosmetic, scent, &c., and colour).
*Dalili, n. sign, token, mark,
trace, indication, evidence, signal.
D.ya mvna ni mawingit, the sign ol
rain is clouds. D. ya mguu, foot
step (on the ground). With negatives,
st hatta dalili, not at all, not a ves-
tige, not in the least.
*Dama, n. a game, played on a
board like chess, a kind of draughts.
*Damu, n. blood. Nyama no. d.,
flesh and blood. Anatoka d., he is
bleeding. Also of the menses, ingia
damuni, menstruate. Cf. hethi.
(Ar.)
Dandalo, n. a kind of dance. (Cf.
ngoina.)
Danga, v. (i) take up little by little,
get a little at a time, scoop up care-
fully (of water in a pit), i. e. d. viaji.
(Cf. chota.} Hence (2) fig. of enforced
and tedious delay, wait, have to wait
(but perh. this is tanga, which see).
Danga nya, v. elude, delude, de-
ceive, defraud, cheat, beguile, impose
on, belie. Ps. danganywa. Nt.
danganyi-ka, -kana. A p. dangany-
-ia, -iwa. Cs. dangany-isha,
-ishiva. Rp. dangany-ana. (Cs.
form ?conn. with danga, or Hind.
dagaa. Cf. -danganyifu, mdanganyi,
and syn. pimja, kalamkia, hadaa,
kopa.) and dist. changanya.} n.
(ma-}, trick, delusion, &c.
-danganyifu, a. (dang, with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), deceptive, delu-
sive, cheating, &c.) (Cf. danganya.}
Danzi, n. (ma-}, a bitter orange,
fruit of mdanzi, which see (and for
other varieties, chitngwa.)
*Darabi, n. (ma-}, rose-apple,
fruit of mdarabi.
*Daraja, n. (ma-}, (i) step, set
of steps, stairs, staircase, bridge ; (2)
degree, rank, dignity, social station.
Akashuka katika d., he descended the
staircase. D. kubwa (bora}, high
rank. A district of Zanzibar city
near the bridge is called Darajani.
(Ar. Cf. ngazi, ulalo, and for ' rank '
cheo.}
*Daraka, n. (ma-}, an arrange-
ment, appointment, obligation, duty,
undertaking. Madarakaya nymnb-
ani, household arrangements, domes-
tic economy. Chukulia d., go bail
for, answer for, bear the punishment
of. (Ar. Cf. diriki, tadaruki.}
*Darasa, n. (ma-}, class, meeting
for reading or study. Madarasa,
school, academy. (Ar. Cf. dit-
rusi, also chuo, soma.}
*Dari, n. upper floor, upper story,
ceiling, roof, roofs and upper floors
in an Arab house being alike made
of concrete laid on poles and rammed
hard. Darini, juu ya dari, upstairs,
on the roof. (Ar. Cf. sakafu,
/ / <^ ^ J '
or of a.}
*Darizi, v. See Tarizi.
*Darumeti, n. inside woodwork
of native vessel, joists carrying the
deck, cross-beams, &c.
*Dasi, n. rope sewn into the edge
of a sail for strength, and distinguished
as d. ya bara, on the upper (yard)
side, d. ya chini, on the lower, d. ya
goshini and ya dernani, on the nar-
rower and broader ends.
Dasili, n. a powder made of the
dried and pounded leaves of a tree
mkujiazi, used as a detergent (Str.)
for a kind of skin disease.
*Dasturi,n. bowsprit, also called
mlingote wa maji. (Dist. desturi.}
Dau, n. (ma-}, a large native- built
boat, both ends sharp and projecting,
and usually with a square matting
sail. (Cf. chombo, mtumbwi, mas/iua,
kidati.}
*Daulati, n. the ruling power,
government, authorities. (Arab, for
the common scrkali.}
*Dawa, n. ( , and ma-}, medicine,
medicament, anything supplied by a
doctor, including ' charm, talisman,
&c ,' used by native doctors. D.ya
kuhara, a purgative, aperient. D. ya
DA'WA
53
DIDIMIA
kutapisha, an emetic. D.ya kttnywa,
medicine, for internal use. Dawa
ya kutia (kufaka, kubandika. kujisu-
gua\ medicine for external use. Mada-
wa ya tt0Hfo-uongo,c\ua.ck. medicines.
(Ar. Dist. follg.)
*Da'wa, n. or Daswa, and some-
times Mdawa (mi-}, legal process,
suit, litigation, legal claim, dispute.
( Ar. , the aa representing ain. Cf. dai,
and dist. dawa, medicine.)
*Dawati, n. writing desk, writing
case. Dim. kidawati. (Ar. for
inkstand.)
*Dayima, adv. always. See
Daima.
*Debe, n. (wa-), tin can, com-
monly of the 4-5 gal. tin in which
American petroleum has been im-
ported, often used as a pail. Nat oka
dtbe ma/n/a, I want a tin of oil.
Nat oka debt la mafuta, I want an
oil-tin. (Hind.)
*Debwani, n. a turban-cloth, an
Indian cloth, mostly of silk, with red
or brown stripes, and worn on the
head as a turban.
Dege, n. (i) infantile convulsions,
fits (cf. kifafa] ; (2) a kind of moth.
*Deheni, n. a water-proofing mix-
ture of lime and fat, used on the
bottoms of native vessels. Also as
v. of applying the mixture. ( Ar.)
Deka, v. (i) give oneself airs, live
in style, play the grandee ; (a) show
be arrogant, be unpleasant.
Also j: of a vain woman's
gait and bearing. (Cf. syn.
piga kiburi, jifahirisha, and
'./.)
*Delki, adv. See Telki. (Ar.)
Dema, n. a kind of fish-trap of
open wicker-work. (Cf. wttgo.)
Demani, n. (i) sheet (rope) of
mainsail of a native sailing vessel.
(2) lee side (in navigation),
also called upande wa tfemnni (wa
Coo tr.
C(3) Season of the year
end of A (-ginning of
November, v, uth monsoon
slackens and gradually dies away,
spring-time in Zanzibar. Also some-
times of the whole season of the
south monsoon, from April to Oc-
tober. (Contr. Musimu, and see
Mwaka.)
Denge, n. a mode of wearing the
hair, a patch on the top of the head
only. Kata denge, shave the whole
head except the crown.
*Dengu, n. a kind of pea imported
from India, and usually mixed with
grain, &c. for food. (Cf. choroko,
mbaazi, kunde.)
*Deni, n. ( , and ina-\ a debt,
loan, money obligation. Fanya (in-
gia,jipashd] d., get into debt, borrow,
lend. Lipa d., discharge a debt,
repay a loan. (Ar. Cf. azimu,
also wia, wiwa.)
*Deraya, n. armour, coat of mail,
cuirass, i.e. vao la chuma. (Cf. Arab.
adrd.)
*Desturi, n. or Dasturi, custom,
usage, regular practice, routine. The
usual word in Z. (Hind. Cf.
Ar. kawaida, ada, inila, rnathehcbu.
Dist. dasturi, bowsprit.)
*Deuli, n. waistband, a silk
shawl or scarf worn round the
(Cf. ntshipi, mahazatnu.}
*Devai, n. wine in general.
(Perh. Fr. dii vin. Cf. mrinyo, used
mainly of spirits.)
*Dia, n. money paid for a 1;
for murder, ransom. Killa nitu dia
ya rohoyakc % every man his rn:.
save his life). (?Ar. Cf.>/ia,/i/i.)
*Dibaji, n. used of the ^ 1
prefatory epithets and compli:.
titles in Arab letter writing. ,ind more
gcnerall n, good
style, In
akram %
naspJii, azizi, hashatnti, /
fathili, often in pure An
with tl \ed to each.
r, sink don
bottom, penetrate. :-iikia t
DiFtr
54
DOLE
-iii'a, bore into, e. g. of a tool. Cs,
didim-isha, -ishwa, cause to sink
down, force down (into, &c.). Didi-
misha ngiio mkobani^ft clothes into
a wallet. (Cf. iota, zama, zizimia.}
Difu, n. See Kilifu.
*Digali, n. stem of the bowl of a
native pipe. See Kiko.
*Diki, adv. See Tiki, and Shiki.
(Ar.)
Diko, n. (tna-) t landing place.
*Dimu, n. See Ndimu.
*Dini, n. religion, creed, worship.
Kushika chuo na kusali ndio dini,
to follow the Goran and perform the
prayers is (Mahommedan) religion.
(Ar.)
*Dira, n. mariner's compass, i.e.
kipande cha kusafiria chombo baha-
rini, an instrument for a ship to steer
by on the sea. (Ar.)
*Diriki, v. in general, have power
(will, time, opportunity, &c., for),
and so (i) be able, be in time (for),
reach, succeed, attain, 'manage, ar-
range; (2) venture, undertake, guar-
antee, incur responsibility (for).
Nalitakakivenda, sikttdiriki, I wanted
to go, but I could not manage it.
Sijadiriki kuisha kusema, before I
could finish speaking. (Ar. Cf.
daraka.}
*Dirisha, n. (ma-}, window. D.
la vibau, a louvre window. D. la
kuchungulilia, a window to peep
through. {Hind. Cf. mwangaza.}
*Diwani, n. (ma-}, councillor,
public functionary, magnate. (Ar.)
Doa, n. (ma-), spot, blotch, mark,
stain. Doa la mafuta, a grease spot.
Madoadoa, used as a., spotted, varie-
gated, of different colours, speckled.
Doana, n. hook, fish-hook. See
Ndoana.
*Dobi, n. (ma-}, one who washes
clothes, as a trade, always a "man
in Z. Usinifanye punda wa dobi, do
not treat me ns a washerman's donkey.
Cf. chombo hiki ki dobi, this vessel
is heavily loaded. (Hind.)
*Dodi, n. (ma-}, also Udodi,
Ndodi, (i) fine wire, whether brass or
iron ; (2) a bracelet of fine wire, hair,
or thread.
*Dodo, n. a very large kind of
mango is called embe dodo, or
dodo. The word is also used of
'a woman's breast.' Yuna dodo,
she has breasts, she is growing up.
(Cf. embe.}
*Dodoki, n. (ma-}, a long slender
fruit, eaten as a vegetable, a kind of
lufah. See Mdodoki.
-dogo, a. (ndogo with D 4 (P),
D 6, dogo with D 5 (S)), little (in
condition, quality or quantity), small,
slight, unimportant, . young. Mtoto
mdogo, a small child. Ndiigu mdogo,
a younger brother. Baba mdogo,
father's brother, uncle. Mtu mdogo,
a poor man. Adv. kidogo, a little,
rather, not very, not much, in small
amount. Used as adj. to denote 'small
in quantity.' Watu kidogo, a few
people. But watu ivadogo, poor, in-
ferior people. Maji kidogo, a little
water. With negat. < (not) at all, (not)
in the least, (none) whatever ' ; esp.
with hatta. Sikupi hatta kidogo, I
will not give you a single bit, I will
not think of giving you any. Some-
times redupl. for emphasis, -vitanda
vidogodogo,or vtdogo-vidogo,\ery small
bedsteads. (Cf. contr. -kubwa,
kuu, -ingi.}
*Dohani, n. chimney, smoke-stack,
and in Z. esp. of (i) funnel, smoke-
stack, of a steamer. Hence merikebu
ya d. (or ya moshi, smoke), a steamer;
(2) a tall narrow basket of sticks and
cocoanut leaf-fronds, used for carry-
ing fruit to market. (Ar.)
Dokeza, v. give a hint of, suggest,
r oreshadow, sketch. (Perh. tokeza,
cause to come out, make appear.
See Toka, Toa. But cf. kidoko.}
*Dokra, n. a cent, hundredth part
of a dollar. (Cf. reale.}
Dole, n. (ma-}, single banana
ruit, f. e. one of a cluster (chana} on
a large fruit stem (mkungu}. (Cf.
udole, kidole, and ndizi.}
DOMO
55
DUBWANA
Domo, n. (ma-\ (i) large lip,
large beak; (2) protuberance, pro-
jection, thing resembling a beak,
overhanging crag, &c. ; (3) brag,
boasting, cant. Piga domo, let the
tongue wag, brag, boast. (Cf. mdomo,
kidomo, and for ' boasting ' (jf}semea,
(Ji c-una, (ji}gamba, (ji]sifu.}
Dona, v. peck, pick at, pick op
bit by bit. Dona mchete, pick up
rice. Ap. don-ea, -ewa. Cs. don-
csha,-cza,-czwa. Ap.donana. A'ukit
wanadonana, the fowls are pecking
each other. (Cf. donoa, dondoa, and
of similar action chota, danga.)
Donda, n. ( , and Ma-}, large
sore, ulcer, so common an ailment
as to be used as typical of sickness
and disaster generally.
atakupa d., God will bring sickness
upon you. Donda Juu ya donda,
blow on blow (i.e. calamity). D.
ndugu, spreading, confluent ulcers.
kidonJa, (Cf. donda, v.,
dondoa, and for 'small sores' ttfele.}
v. fall by drops, drip, fall in bits
(bit by bit). (Cf. more common
tona, also dondoa, donda, n.)
Dondo, n. tna-~), (i) large tiger-
cowry shell, used by tailors for smooth-
ing down seams to a good surface
(cf. i-iiun). Hence perh. (a) dress-
ing for cloth, starch, chalk, &c.,
used to give a good surface and ap-
pearance to inferior material. Nguo
ya dondo, glossy calico. (3) Some-
times of 'twigs, chips, scraps' of
wood, leaves, &c., e.g. for lighting
fires. (Cf. donda, v.)
Dondoa, v. (i) pick up bit by
grain, &c. ;
(a) let fall : iron, cause to
md so perh. (3) form sores,
cause illness; (4) make s<
. compile knowledge (by).
ha sarr. fdondoa
. if you let him cat i
will cause sores on his body. Nt.
dondoka. Mbtgii >fa, the
seeds dropped one by one i:
hand. (Rv. of donda, wit!
n fanya madongt,
meaning. Cf. chonga, chongoa, &c. ;
also donda, n., and follg.)
Dondoo, 11. (ma-), selections,
notes, extracts, quotations, choice
bits, e.g. in an anthology. (Cf.
donda, dondoa, &c., and for similar
idea okota, mateuzi.}
Dondoro, n. a kind of antelope.
(See Paa, for the only sort seen in Z.)
Donge, n. ( , and ma-}, also
Tonge, small rounded mass, ball,
lump, e.g. of a mouthful of rice, rolled
in the fingers and put in the mouth,
in this sense usually Tonge. A'uvi-
ringa donge za wait na kutia ki-
nwani, to make a little ball of rice
and put it in the mouth. Donge la
uzi, a ball of thread. Damn ina-
, the blood is forming
clots. Dim. kidonge, e.g. a pill.
(Cf. bonge, tonge, and perh. udongo.)
Donoa, v. peck, strike at x \\ith
beak or fangs), e. g. of fowls and
snakes. Nyoka ilimdonoa jitit ya.
utosi, the snake struck him on the
crown of his head. (Cf. dona,
dondoa, &c.)
*Dopa, n. (ma-}, a sail-maker's
palm, for coarse sewing.
Doria, n. used of ' white muslin '
in trade. (Hind.)
*Doti, n. a piece of cloth suited
for, and worn as, a loincloth, shuka,
i. e. about a yards of full width, or
4 yards of narrow material.
Doya, v. go as spy, %econnoitrc,
spy out (but in Z. pclcUza is usual).
*Dua, n. a pray appli-
cation, request m;i cr, ad-
dressed to God. Oniha dita, offer
r, make a request, to God.
; I sala,
which suggests the outward cere-
monial aspect of prayer.)
Duara, n. used of (i) wheel,
:ounded object, and (a) any
of which UK- ]>rinci
tare is a wheel, e. g. era
capstan, &c. (Ar. Cf. //.
ngo.)
Dubwana, n. (ma-), a person* of
DUDE
56
DURTJ
extraordinary size, a giant, a colossus
Also used as a. -dubwana, of any-
thing gigantic, animal, tree, or other
object. Mtu mdubwana, a giant
(?Cf. bwana.}
Dude, n. (ma-}, the vaguest anc
most general term for referring to any
object, = kitu usichokijina jina lake,
* something of which you do not know
the name, or have no word to de-
scribe, a thing, a what-do-you-call-it
an object. Dude gani hili? What
in the world is this object? Dim.
kidude.
Dudu, n. (ma-, of size), large in-
sect. See Mdudu, which is com-
monly used. Dim. kidudu.
Duduka, v. be disfigured (by ill
ness or disease). Duduka uso, have
face pitted, marked with small-pox.
Ps. dudukwa. Nadudukwa na pele,
I am disfigured by an eruption. (Cf.
umbua.}
Duduvule, n. a stinging insect,
which bores in wood (Str.).
-dufu, a. (dufu with 04 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), dull, insipid, tasteless,
flat, uninteresting, good for nothing,
of persons and things. Tumbako
dufu, mild, flavourless tobacco. Mtu
nidufu, a stupid, dull person ; also
dufu la tntu, in same meaning.
*Duka, n. (ma-}, shop, stall. Tern-
bea madukani, walk in the bazaar.
Weka duka, open a place of business.
Vunja du&afclose a shop, give up busi-
ness. (Cf. Ar. dakkdn.}
*Dukiza, v. and Dukisa, intrude
oneself, listen secretly, try to overhear.
Jidukiza, play the eavesdropper, in-
trude where not wanted (offensively).
(? Ar. dakas, and follg. Perh. same as
dakiza,}
*Dukizi, n. (wa-), eavesdropping,
scandal - mongering. (Cf. dukiza,
mdukizi. )
Dumbwi, n. See Kidimbwe.
Dume, n. (ma-}, a male, esp.
of animals. Frasi dume, or dunie
la frasi, a stallion. Bata dume, a
drake. See -ume.
*Dumia, Dumisha. See Dumu.
*Dumu, v. remain, continue, en-
dure, last, abide. Dumu dnima,
last for ever, used also as adv.,
for ever and ever. Ap. dum-ia,
-iwa. Dumia kazi, remain at, perse-
vere in work. Also, remain with, at-
tend on, of service. Cs. dum-isha,
-ish-wa. (Ar. Cf. daima, udumu.}
*Dumu, n. (ma-}, also Mdumu
(-), can, pot, jug, mug, esp. of
metal. Dumu la maji, water-can.
Dundu, n. (ma-}, large pumpkin,
gourd, calabash, the shell used as a
vessel to hold liquids.
Dunge, n. (ma-} t a cashew apple
in green, unripe stage, fruit oimbibo.
(Cf. mbibo, korosho, bibo.}
Dungu, n. (ma-}, a stage or plat-
form, raised from the ground and
often roofed over, for a watchman
guarding crops on a plantation. (Cf.
kilingo.}
Dungudungu, n. used to describe
anything of unusual shape or quality,
' a wonder, marvel, curiosity.' (Cf.
ajabu, kioja, tunu.}
Dungumaro, n. (i) a kind of evil
spirit ; (2) a drum used in expelling
such a spirit. (? Mdungumaro, a per-
son possessed by this spirit.)
*Duni, a. inferior, low, mean, ab-
ject, worthless. Mtu d., a nobody,
an insignificant person. Halt d., an
abject condition. (Ar. Cf. thai/it,
-nyonge, hafifu, -dogo.}
*Dunia, n. and Dunya, the world,
universe, earth (as a whole). Fariki
d., depart from the world, die. Mtu
wa d., a worldly man. Mambo ya d.,
ar simply dunia, the way of the world,
worldly affairs, the spirit of the age.
r. Cf. ulimwengu.}
*Durabini, n. and Darubini, tele-
scope, microscope, or similar optical
nstrument, i.e. kipande cha kuta-
wmia, an instrument for seeing with.
Piga d., use a glass. (Ar. or Pers.
3f. miwani, spectacles.)
*Duru, v. surround, be round, go
ound, put round. (Arab, for com-
DUEUSI
57
EGAMA
mon B. zun-uka, zuttgusha, &c.
;Cf. duara.}
*Durusi, v. study a book, meet in
ttend school. (Arab, for com-
mon B. soma, enda chuoni. Cf. da-
rasa. .)
*Dusumali, n. a coloured hand-
kerchief or scarf, often with green and
red stripes, and of Persian manufac-
ture, worn on the head by women.
(Ar. or Pers. Cf. utaji, shela.}
Duzi, n. (ma-), eavesdropper, tale-
gossip - monger, slanderer.
(Cf. dukizi, and the commoner mpcU-
E represents the sound of a in
and (esp. when unaccented)
the lighter sound of e in ' ten.' In
some words of Arabic origin (i) it is
used for a sound between a and e
(cf. Elfu, Hewa, and A) ; (a) it is
used in Zanzibar characteristically for
what is heard in other dialects as a,
e.g. mcrikcbu, rather than marikabu,
shcria (orsAaria, shtbaha for shabaha ;
(3) it is not distinguished from /, not
being so distinguished in Arab.
; or common pronunciation.
:mu, ihnit, &c.)
Thus words not found under E
may be looked for under A or /.
n a in a prefix or formative
syllable precede* an e or i, the two
together are usually pronounced e,
e.g. akenda for akucnda, he went;
kuweta for kitivaita, to call them ;
hieves; nungi for
, many (things).
For e as an interjection see He and
Ehoe. The same e is used and re-
peated at the end of a word inten-
to express distance, c. g.
akaenda e-e-e, and he went on a very
, far away yonder ;
hitc, clean surface,
each case the inton.r
ii.stancc indicated.
-e is (i) the characteristic sign of
the Subjunctive Mood, taking
the place of the final a of a verb
in the Indicative Mood ; (2) a pas-
sive termination of some verbal
nouns, e.g. kittmbe, kombe, utculc,
ushitidc, utumc.
-e (or -ye) (i) affixed to a noun,
represents the pronom. a. yake, e. g.
nyttmbae or nyumbaye for nyumba
yoke, his house; (2) after a verb-form
or tense-sign, represents^, the form
of relative corresponding to 1 , 2 , 3 Pers.
S.,e. g. m'/j^,lwhoam; umpendaye,
you who love him, or, he whom you
love ; (3) in combination with the
prep, na or kwa, represents the pro-
noun of 3 Pers. S. yeye, e. g. nae or
naye, for na yeye y and kwae or kwayc t
for kwayeyt\ (4) is used as the final
sound of a common contracted form
of the Personal Pronouns, except the
3 Pers. P. ivao, i. e. mi(y)e for ////////,
wt(y}e for wewe, yec for yeye, si(y)e
for si si, nyi(y}e for ninyi.
*Ebbe, int. also Bee, commonly
used by slaves or inferiors in reply to
a call, ' yes ! coming ! I hear ! '
(Ar. SeeLebeka.)
Ebu, int. also Ebuu and Hebbu,
Well then ! Come then ! often in
expostulation or reproof.
*Eda, n. time of customary cere-
monial mourning, or seclusion from
company, e. g. of a woman after
a death or divorce. Kalia ,
main in mourning, or tti se>
Akakaa eda a&avaa Jcaniki tniezi
she remained in seclusion
and wore mourning four months.
(Ar. Cf. matanga, under Tanga.)
*Edashara, n. and a., eleven.
a edathara, eleventh. (Ar. Cf.
. and dshara, also B. syn.
.y'a.)
Ee, i: or as-
loana,
Ee walla, EC waa, <
All right ! Ccitaiii.
Yes, by God ! .
Egamn, v. be in a r
clining position, not lying down,
EQEMEA 58
but propped on elbow or suppor
Also Kf. jiegama, place oneself in
resting position, recline, prop one
self (in a position). Ap.egam-t'a
iwa, rest on, lean on, recline on
Amcegamia kifuani mwake, h
leaned upon his chest. Cs. egam
tsha, -ishwa, cause to lean, prop
support. (Cf. follg., also tegemea.}
Egemea, v. (i) lean on, rest on
be supported by; (2) trust to, relj
upon. Ps. egemewa, be leaned upon
be a support (to), be trusted (by)
Cs. egem-esha, -cza, -eshwa, &c.
e -g- (i) prop up; (2) confirm, help
to establish, give support to, fine
ground for. Rp. egemeana. (Cf
egaina, egesha, tegemea^]
Egemeo, n. (ma-}, prop (e.g
handrail or balustrade of staircase)
support, ground of belief or action
(Cf. prec. and tegemeo.}
Egesha, v. Cs. cause to rest, bring
into close contact, make secure, &c.
Egesha chombo pwani, bring a vessel
to land, moor, make fast. . mashua
ngazini, secure a boat to the gang-
way of a ship. Sikumwegesha naye,
I did not bring him into contact
with him, introduce him to him,
make him a friend of his. Ps.
egeshwa. A p. egesh-ea, -eiva, &c.
Rp. egeshana, e. g. moor two vessels
alongside, bring together, come into
contact.
Ehee. int. of assent (spoken with
rising intonation, and stress on last
syllable), yes, just so, I quite under-
stand. (Contr. Ee-he, ee-e, of
dissent, and cf. a-haa.}
Ekerahi, n. or Ikirahi, aversion,
disgust, horror, abhorrence,that which
provokes aversion, &c. (Ar. Cf. ki-
rihi, the e- or i- representing Alif.}
-ekevu, a. having aptitude, having
capacity, of persons. (Cf. wekevu,
and -elekevu, of which it is a shortened
form, -ekevu, for -eekevu, -elekevu.
See Elekea.)
Ekua, v. break, break up, break
down, cause to give way. Ekua
ELEKA
<fari\ break through a concrete ceiling.
Nt. ekuka. Alaji yameekita ugazi,
the water has broken down the steps
(by undermining them). Mivizi
ameekua mlango, the thief broke
down the door. Boriti ya dari
imeekuka, a rafter of the ceiling has
given way. Also of breaking up a
road, or floor. (Perh. a variant of
wekua and tekua, with same meaning.
Cf. tgemea and tegemea.}
-ekundu, a. (nyekundu with D 4
(P), D 6,jekundu withD 5 (S)), ' red '
of all shades and varieties scarlet,
purple, pink, &c. Of European com-
plexion ' fair, fresh, ruddy,' of native
' light-coloured, reddish yellow/ esp.
of Arabs. {-ekundu, -eupe, white,
and -fust, black, are the only simple
adjs. of colour in Swahili, others are
supplied by reference to typical ob-
jects.)
*Ela, conj. also Ilia, Ila, except,
unless, but. (Ar., < if not.' See Ilia.)
*Elafu, n. and a., a thousand.
(Ar. See Elfu.)
*-ele, a. sick, ill, bed-ridden.
;Ar. See Mwele, Uele.)
Elea, v. (i) float, be afloat, swim
(of things), be on the surface.
Chombo chaelea, the vessel is afloat.
Ijs. ele-za, -zwa, set afloat, swim.
Cf. chelezo. (2) Of uncomfortable
nternal feeling, moyo ivanielea, my
leart palpitates, my stomach is upset,
feel sick, I am nervous. Cs. eleza
moyo, nauseate, make nervous, affect
he heart or stomach. (3) fig. be
:lear, be intelligible. Maneno yake
yamenielea, his statement is intelli-
gible to me, I understand what he
ays. Ps. elewa. Sidewi maana, I
o not see the meaning. Cs. ele-za,
zwa, explain, make clear. Ntaku-
leza habari, I will explain the
matter to you. Also Ap. ele-zea,
zewa, in same meaning. (Dist.
leka, and elekea, which see.)
*Eleka, v. carry astride on the
ip as native women do their chil-
ren, secured by the arm. Mama,
ELEKEA
59
EMBE
niehke, mother, please carry me.
Asio m-wana na eleke jiive hiri, who-
ever has not a child, let her just
bring a stone instead. Cs. form,
elckanya, pile up one on another.
(Ar. Cf. beba t and ntbelcko.)
Elekea,v. A p. also Lekea,(i )point
to, be directed towards, incline to,
tend to, be opposite, face, correspond
to, .agree with; (a) be rightly di-
rected, be satisfactory, turn out well,
succeed. Anaelekea kwenda, he is
inclined to go. Maneno haya ya-
meelekea, this matter has been satis-
factory. Cs. clck-cza, -ezwa, point,
direct, show the way to. Scrmala
waria awalekcza ivaanafm;
the master carpenter merely gives
directions to his apprentices. El.
chombo, steer a ship. E~L bundnki,
aim a gun. EL kidolc, point the
finger. El. njia, show the right
course. EL nia, direct attention.
Elckezana, come to an agreement
among themselves. Rp. elekeana,
be directed towards each other, or to
a common point, be facing one
another, be opposite (contradictory),
agree, correspond. Obs. also elekana,
correspond. Cs. elekc-anisha, -ani-
(Poss. conn, with Elea,
which see, and cf. follg.)
-elekevu, a. also -lekevu, and
-ekevu, han<iy, apt, having a capacity
for or a kn.i 'u inwelekevu
wa Aazi, a good capable workman.
(Cf. clckea, &c.)
Elemea, v. See Lemea.
Elfoen, n. an< >usand.
< 'f. syn. elfu
*Elfu, n. ( , and wa-), alio Blf,
usands.
./ elfu, of enormous numbers,
thousandth. (Ar.
aif, pi. a/a/. Cf. clfccn, and syn.
md obs. e for a.)
impart knowledge
. teach, educate. Pi.
hwa. (Ar. Cf. f limit.)
*Elimu, n. and Ilmu, knowledge,
learning, wisdom, science, education,
doctrine, teaching. Elinni ndio
mivanga uongozao, knowledge is the
guiding light. (Ar. Cf. nncalimu,
maalamn, tntaalamu, climisha, and
syn. hikima, busara, maarifa^
a/; Hi.}
-ema, a. (njema with D 4 (P), D 6,
jcma with D 5 (S)), good, including
goodness of all kinds and degrees,
whatever commends itself to feelings,
taste, reason, or conscience, and
translatable in a corresponding va-
riety of ways, ' pleasant, beautiful,
sensible, right.' Mintngii ni mii'cnta,
God is good. Chakula chema, nice
food. Kazi njema, sound workman-
ship. Uso mivema, a handsome face.
Dawa njema lakini si njcma, the
medicine is effective, but :
lokuja kwa Muungit loU jema, all is
good that comes from God. I'cnia,
adv., well, rightly, nicely, &c. A
common rejoinder of assent is vewa,
also njema, ngema, very well, cer-
tainly. Sema vema, speak clearly.
Tengeneza --cma, arrange carefully.
Sometimes without a noun, mema tia
>:dio ultmwcitgUi the world is
a mixture of good aiM evil. (Cf.
syn. in some senses) -zuri, -zima,
and contr. -baya, -ovu, -boi'u. Oc-
casionally -<ma, like ~ote, fnyrttt,
takes pronominal forms. /
lema, a good answer. Zftna, haziozi,
good things never go bad.)
-embamba, a. (nyemb. \vi
r , i -
narrow, thin, slim, piiu '.
Miinute (in texture,
Mtu tmt'., a thin,
sparr man. Mlango W7t'.,a ;
thin nir. AV"" '
;auze. (Cf. bamba^ n
lent.)
Embe, n. ( , and of si/t
mango, the fruit of the '
1 for three months, Dec. to
EMBWE
ENDELEO
deofrt wifh'dr / - (3) g a , Way> ""^ forward ' Endll ' >""">, go
depart, withdraw; (4) g o on, keep back, recede, decrease &c {S\ Ton
on, conunue; (5) move, have motion 1 ; tinue'i.definitely have no enY "
automatic, easy, or per
cause
without
c'af
end
enda
^' enda
A m<Way ' yaWn ;
be mad, act as a mad
S S
on a job. Rp
. g . magurudumu yake yana-
****** vizuri > its wheels all work
together beautifully, e.g. of watch-
-- J/ ?
1Sg mg t0 be
,^u
mcludmg the idea
f r iL
brouht h
of SmI
/ v v"
sen (Ib
sent for Mwim aenda hukumiwa,
the thief is going to be tried. (See
also -endapo) Enda tembea, go a
walk. Enda kwa tniguu, go on foot,
- enda P<>, a verb-form used, with
Pers> Pfx " and sometimes endapo only
for all persons, as a conj. 'in case of
if wh <* ifc happens that,' e K nend-
niki f* * ^gua: suppose
I died or was taken ill (From en da
with the generalized meaning < hap-
pen, take place,' and -po, which see.
Cf. huenda.-]
eka
in
, m
&c.).
f
{ > going
A - SUCcess> (
Endea kum, go | &c.)
on, progress, advance,
ENEA
61
-ENYEWE
Enea, v. be spread out (abroad,
!>e extended over (among, in\
be diffused in, permeate, cover whole
extent (of), become generally known
(among, to, in), be distributed (to),
be coextensive (with), correspond (to),
be suited (fitted, adapted, for), &c.
.a dunia yote, God per-
.ic whole world, God is omni-
present. Maji yameenea inchi yote,
the water has inundated the whole
country. Amewagawanyia ivatu
nguo, lakini haikutnea, he distributed
cloth to the people, but it did not
go round. Upanga amekuenea, the
sword is just your size. Ps. enewa.
Cs. ene-za, -zu'a, -zea, -crt<z,&c., (l)
spread, extend, cause to cover, dis-
tribute, make coextensive with, adapt,
npare, cause to fit, mea-
sure one thing with another, take
measure of, judge. Wait
they compared themselves. Alieneza
mtoto -wake, he took his son's measure.
aza . ) Muungit arnemwenezea
killa mtu riziki zake, God has put
the means of living in every man's
hands. Eneza habari, publish news,
divulge information, advertise. Kf.
Alijieneza mwili mzitna
selaha, he armed himself from head
(Cf. eneo, entzi, ettenza.}
Enenda, v. also Nenda, same as
. the simple senses, 'go, move,
procet 1 nt not used by
natives :atcly, and :
ally in any derived lorms.
>nji mwingine, and t!
to anotlicr :imbo la ku-
enenda, di.in
Eneir/a. v. and Ens*, (l) examine,
inspect, (a) measure, take
the measure of, compare by mcasure-
;-ana. (Cf. cntza
appears i
!g., and
/<*,)
Enenzi, n. (ina-}, esp. in j.Jur..
;>ace, gait, way of
folepotc (ya haraka, ya utesi), slow
(hasty, quick) going. (Cf. emnda,
enda, mwentndo.}
Eneo, n. (ma-} t extent, spread,
range, reach, province, covering
power, extent covered or affected,
sphere of influence. E. I
ungu, omnipresence of God. K. la
marathi, spread of sickness, affected
area. (Cf. enea, and follg.)
Enezi, n. (ma-), spreading out, ex-
tension, distribution. Cf. J//^./
mwenezi, God is the Great
Afaentzi ya chakitla, dealing out of
portions of food, making food go
round. (Cf. enea, enezi, etieo, &c.)
Enga, v. (i) split up, slice up,
used of preparing cassava (inuhogo] for
cooking. Also (2) coddle, pet, of
treating a child with overcarelulness.
Sometimes Rd. enga-enga mloto, spoil
a child (by petting). Ps. engwa.
Ap. eng-ca, -eu>a. (Cf. engiia^)
Engua, v. skim, take scum off, re-
move froth, &c., as of fermenting
liquor, or in cookery. Ap.
tilia, -uliwa. (Cf. prec.)
-enu, a. pronom. of 2 \\
your, yours, of you. (For the pre-
fixes, and use in combination with
ninyior wcnyewe,or both, see -ake.)
-enyewe, a. (like -enyi, follows
the rules of the pronominal adjec-
tives, -angu, -ako, &c., as to
ment with nouns), used to expu
and ;of ]
personality. Mtu wr.
man himsc-lf, the very person, the
paiticular individual. A'<;J/;,/ .
.;il box. I'itu -:
the very things. ;;h the
personal pronouns, mimi nm\
uxwe ntwcnyewe, ^ If, you
yourself, and som
mimi mwenyeic
\i self. . v
se, I will r
i.itic reins
mwtnyewf, ho hurt hi;
ya mwenycu-e, tlu of the
ENYI
owner, i. e. of some one else, not mine
or yours. (Cf. -enyi, and mwenyewe,"
Enyi, int. of 2 Pers. P., You
there ! I say, you ! (For ee ninyi. Cf.
ewe for ee wewe.}
-enyi, a. (also -enye, following the
rules of pronominal adjectives, -angu,
&c., as to agreement with nouns),
having, possessing, with, in a state or
condition of. Always followed by a
noun or equivalent, defining the ob-
ject, state, condition, &c. referred to.
Largely used to supply the lack of
adjectives, in Swahili, admitting as
it does of combination with (i)
Nouns, e.g. -enyi malt, wealthy,
-e. mawe, stony, -e. uzuri, beauti
ful, -e. kuwa, self- existent, -e
enzi, all-powerful, -e. wattt wengi,
populous, -e. tumbo, corpulent,
-c. mimba, pregnant. (Cf. simi-
lar use of prep, -a.} (2) Verb-forms,
not only Infinitive, -enyi kutawala.
ruling, reigning, -e. kwenda, capable
of movement, &c., but also finite
forms and even sentences, e. g. mwenyi
ameiba, the man who has stolen, the
thief. Mwenyi hawezi, a sick man.
JVani mwenyi ataka kwenda ? Who
wants to go? Hao ndio wenyi
hawakuwapo, these are the absentees.
Penyi, kwenyi, mwenyi are also
commonly used for defining time,
place, or circumstances. Penyi
mwitU) in a forest. Kwenyi Ijumaa,
on Friday. Mwenyi hapo, when
he is absent, in his absence. (Cf.
-enyewe, mwenyeji, mwenyi, mw-
inyi.}
Enza, v. See Enenza.
*Enzi, n. also Ezi, supreme
power, sovereignty, dominion, rule.
Mwenyi czi Mngu, Almighty God.
Kiti cha enzi, chair of state, throne.
(Ar. Cf. syn. mamlaka, utawala,
nguvu, &c.)
Epa, v. get out of the way of,
avoid being hit by, swerve from,
flinch, shirk, e. g. of avoiding a mis-
sile, a blow, or any danger of the
sort. Epa jiwc, avoid a stone.
EPTTA
Ps. epwa. Nt. epeka. A p.
ep-ea, -ewa, -eka, -ekika. Epea is
also used for another point of view,
viz. fail to hit, not be in the line
of, miss a mark, i. e. of throwing a
missile, &c. Biniduki yaepea, the
gun misses, does not shoot straight.
But epeka , be avoided, be avoidable.
Inaepeka, it is avoidable, you can
get out of the way of it. (Cs.
ep-esha, -eshwa. Rp. epana. Cf.
epua.}
-epesi, a. also sometimes -pesi
(nyepesi with D 4 (P), D 6, jepesi
with D 5 ^(8)), (i) quick, agile, swift,
active, nimble, willing, energetic ;
(2) overquick, hasty, rash, impa-
tient, fiery, quick-tempered ; (3)
light (in weight, importance, &c.),
easily moved, light in texture, fine,
thin, delicate, insignificant, of no
weight or consequence. Adv.
upesi. Njoo upesi, come at once.
(Cf. upesi) also rahisi, light in weight,
and contr. -zito, and as adv. hima,
marra moja, sasa hivi.}
Epua, v. also Ipua (which see),
put out of the way, move away, take
off, remove. Epua chungu vwtoni,
take the pof off the fire. (Cf.
contr. teleka, put on.) Nt. epuka
(see below). A p. epu-lia, -liwa,
-lika. Chuma cha kuepulia sufuria,
an iron handle for lifting off a cook-
ing-vessel. Hence epu-liza, -lizwa,
cause to remove, allow to take away.
Cs. epu-sha, -shwa, Iritens., reject,
put away, avoid, keep at a distance.
Nimepushwa, I am kept from, for-
bidden to do (take, &c.). Rp.
epushana, e. g. of people refusing to
recognize each other in passing.
Nt. epuka, used as independent verb,
like epa, avoid, get out of the way of,
abstain from, withdraw from, keep
: rom. Ananiepuka, he avoids me,
<eepsout of my way, also anaepuka
nami. Ps. epukwa, be avoided.
Ap. epuk-ia t -iwa. Cs. epuk-isha,
-ishwa. Rp. epukana, be estranged,
disunited, discordant, keep out of
EREVU
63
each other's way, less pointed and
deliberate than epusjiana above. (Cf.
-erevu, a. (nycrevu with D 4 (P),
D 6, jercvu with D 5 (S)), shrewd,
clever, cunning, resourceful, canny,
crafty, not often a term of praise,
but not always in disparagement,
as -janja. (Perh. cf. flea, mwtle-
wa, and follg., and contr. -jinga,
-pumbafu.}
Erevuka, v. become shrewd, be
clever, have worldly wisdom, have
the eyes open. Cs. erevu-sha,
sAwa, make wise, teach prudence to,
open the eyes of, initiate in the ways
of the world. (Cf. prec.)
*Esha, n. also Isha, the latest
Mahommedan hour of prayer. Ku-
sali esAa, to attend evening prayers.
Used for period from 6.30 p.m. to
8.30 p.m. (Ar. See Sola.)
-etu, a. pronom. of I Pcrs. P.,
our, ours, of us. (For the prefixes
and use in combination with sisi,
or wenycwc or both, see -ake.)
Eua, v. some-times heard as aua,
cf. gcuza,gauza),mak.c white, whiten,
clean, cleanse, purify, perh. only used
in a ceremonial sense, purification
after defilement by the usual Mahom-
medan rites, or a sprinkling as a
charm against disease. Miva~
narnkc anueuliwa ujusi, the woman
has been purified of her unc'.
;s(u0, and syu. taAasa,
tohara.)
-oupe, a. (nycupe with D 4 (P),
tpc with I ' white,
hade or kind, light-coloured,
bright, clear, transparent; (a) clean,
clear of all obstruction, oj
d ; (3) pure, righteous. Wat*
people, Europeans, but
used of light-coluuK
Indian tans, &C.
mwtufe, a pure, honourable, upright
character.
<v//v, the country is open and tree-
less. /
in a forest, & >wn, unoccu-
pied ground. A'tveufe, dawn of day,
morning light, fine weather. (Cf.
opp. -eusi, also -ckitndu and note,
eua, &c., and for ' brightness '
mint, nangafu, ntwanga.}
eusi, a. {uyeusi with D 4 (P),
D 6, jeusi with D 5 (S)), black (of
any shade or kind), dark-coloured,
gloomy, dim, dusky, dark, including
dark shades of blue, green, red, &c.,
colours being mainly grouped accord-
ing to relative lightness and darkness.
IVatu weusi, natives (in general),
i. e. non-Europeans. (Cf. weusi,
giza, and opp. -eupe, &c.)
Ewaa, int. or Eewaa, commonly
used in assent, by inferiors or slaves,
' Yes, Sir I Certainly, Sir ! ' Also
of approval, ' Just so, that is right.'
(Ar. - tc wallah, Yes, by God. Cf.
Inshallah, wallai, &c.)
Ewe, int. for ee Wfwe, You there !
I say, you I in calling attention or in
remonstrance.
Ewedeka, v. See Wewedeka.
Eza, v. See Enza for Enenza.
Ezeka, v. thatch, cover with thatch,
i. e. usually with grass, reeds, or
cocoanut leaves, makuti. E. /tin,
cover a roof with thatch. E. ny-
umba, thatch a house. Ps. czckwa.
Ap. ezeha, of men or material, sina
mtu wa (mali yd] kuniezckea, \ have
no one (no means) to do my thatch-
ing. (Cf. foll k -. s
Ezua, v. take thatch off, strip a
roof, uncover the rafters, as is done,
e.g. in Z., when a fire is spreading.
rcc.)
P.
F represents the same sound as in
Bnffli
/ and v are not distinguished
Me, and in some Swahili
words they are not clearly
le, as in the ail;<
u, and in \\oids hi,
, fttnJa (vunja), though a
FA
64
FAHAMTJ
difference of meaning is often in-
volved. Cf. faa and vaa, fua and
vita, &c. Hence words not found
under F may be looked for under V.
F before the c*usal formative -y
sometimes represents / in the simple
verb, e.g. ogopa has a Cs. form
ogofya as well as ogofisha, and apa
has afya as well as apisha, apiza.
(Cf. similar change of v for b in
gomba, itgomvi, iba, mwivi.}
Fa, v. (also kufa in some forms.
For the use of ku- before monosylla-
bic verb-roots see Ku- 1 (</).) (i)
die, perish, cease to be (live, act,
work, feel) ; (2) lose strength,
decay, fade, be benumbed ; (3)
come to an end. Wengi walikufa
vitani, many died in war. Kufa,
or kufa kwa, marathi (nj'aa, maji,
baridi, &c.), to die by pesti-
lence (famine, drowning, cold, &c.).
Njia imekiifa, the path is disused.
Sheria inakufa, the law is falling
into abeyance, becoming obsolete.
Ap.Jta,jiwa, esp. (i) in local sense,
fia barra (bahari), die up country
(at sea), and (2) in a pathetic sense,
lie to the loss or sorrow of, e. g.
amefia matnaye, he has died to his
mother's sorrow, he has died and
left his mother to mourn him.
Matta yamenifia kwa jiia, the sun
has killed my poor flowers. Kufa
jna and kufia jua are used of sun-
stroke. Esp. common in the Ps.,
i. e. Jlwa, have a death in one's
family or among one's friends. Ku-
mefiwa, there has been a death.
Alifwa na mtoto, he lost his child.
Nakimbia pafiwapo , nakimbilia pali-
ivapo, I run from a house of mourn-
ing, I run to a house of feasting.
Cs. fisha, fishwa, fishia, fishiwa,
fishana, cause to die, put to death.
Amemjishia kazi yake, he has ruined
his work. Jifisha, destroy oneself,
of suicide. (Cf. -fu, rifu, kifo,
fufua, ?fifia.}
Faa, v. be of use, be good of its
kind, help, be enough, do (i. e. suf-
fice). Zawadi yako ilinifaa sana,
your present was of great service to
me Itafaa, it will do. Ilaifai, it
is of no use, nonsense, rubbish. Ma-
neno yasiyofaa, improper language.
Kttfaa hakuthnru, being of use does
no harm. P s . fawa (not usual).
Ap. falia, fatiwa, faliana. Rp.
\faanaj give mutual assistance, &c.
(Cf. mafaa, kifaa. Fana is some-
times used for faa. Cf.famh'a.}
Fafanisha, v. also Fafanusha,
liken, compare, explain (i.e. use
comparison and illustration), make
clear. Nifafanishenanini? What
shall I liken it to ? Fafanisha tna-
neno, explain a statement, make a
clear statement. (Cf. mfano, fa-
nana, and follg.)
Fafanua, v. (i) explain ; also (2)
recognize, understand, see clearly.
Nt.fafanuka, be clear, be known be
intelligible. With Ap. fafanukia,
be clear to. Nyumba ya Sultani
imefafanukia, the Sultan's place is
clearly in view. Ap/afanu-A'a, -Hwa,
make clear to. Cs.fafanu-sha, -shwa
t make clear, explain. (Cf. mfano,
fanana, fafantsha, and syn. tambua,
pambanua, eleza)
Fagia, v. sweep (with brush,
broom, besom). Ps. fagiwa. Ap.
fagi-ha, -liwa, sweep at, sweep away
(for, with , in, &c.). Sinaya kufagilia,
I have nothing to sweep with. Fame-
\fagiliiva vizuri, the place is beauti-
fully swept. (CLfagio, ufagio^
Fagio, n. (ma~\ a large brush,
broom, besom, for sweeping floors,
&c. (Cf. common ufagio.)
*Fahali, n. (ma-}, bull, seldom in
Z. of other male animals. Mafahali
wawili hawakai zizi moja, two bulls
cannot live in the same farmyard.
But used descriptively of men, of
special manliness, vigour, courage,
&c. (Ar. of male horse or camel.)
*-fahamifu, a. intelligent, acute,
with quick comprehension, having a
good memory. (Ar. Cf.fahamu.}
*Fahamu, v. (i) know, perceive,
FAHARI
comprehend, understand ; (2) remem-
ber, recall to mind, bear in mind ;
(3) be conscious, have one's senses.
Often in Imperat. as a kind of ex-
pletive. Fahamu ! or merely Fa-
ham ! Take notice ! Observe ! Lo
and behold ! I tell yon ! Ps./aAami-
wa. "Kt.fahamika. hp.faham-ia,
iwa. Cs. faham-isha, tshwa; cause
to know, inform, instruct, remind,
put in mind. n. sense, conscious-
ness. Kupata fahamu, recover con-
sciousness, come to one's senses.
Hana fahamu ya moyo, he has lost
consciousness. (Ar. Cf. tambua,
jua, sikia, and for ' remember,' ku-
mbuka ; also ufahamu, ufahamifu?)
*Fahari. n. (i) grandeur, glory,
pomp, sublimity, magnificence ; (2)
display, show, ostentation. Sultani
anakaa fava fahari kubwa, the Sultan
L^reat state. Pigafahari, play
the grandee, make a vulgar show of
wealth. Sofanyaf.,jifanyaf. v.
Rf. jifaAarisAa^akc a display, show
off.
*Faida, n. and Fayida, profit,
65 FANYA
Fanikia, v. turn out well for,
succeed. Ps./artiAiwa, have (a thing
turn out well, succeed, prospei .
fanik-isha, -ts/iwa, -is/u'a, -ishiwa,
(Cf.fanya, and /ana, faa.}
*Fanusi, n. lantern, lamp. (Ar.)
Fanya, v. make. One of the com-
monest verbs in Swahili, always im-
plying some result, purpose, or ob-
ject, oeyond mere act, for which
tenda is used. Its many applications
may be distinguished as (i) make,
make to be, produce, manufacture.
F. kasha {nft'a, sharnba), make a
j:ain, advantage, interest.
chumo,
(Ar. Cf.
*Faidi, v. get profit (from), derive
, turn to good ac-
Ap./aid-ia,
'iska. (A:
ika, v. be delayed, be kept
back, be hindered (from going, &c.).
*Fakiri, n. a poor person,
am, and syn. t>.
mwombaji.}
*Falaki, n. astronomy, astrology,
rase//X'a/, i. e. (i) take
' ns, by observing the stars or
ays. Also (2) fig. tak'
:ga bao t una-
'idfge, &c., and follg.)
(Arab.)
like, be
resemble, with N
syn. l
Cs. fananishti
compare. (Cf. mfano, and
nj
box (road, plantation). '/.ifa>
manufactured articles. /'. ndege, make
a (model of, picture of, an artificial)
bird. (Cf. ttfijba, and huluku, of
actual creation-.) F. may at, produce
eggs. F. mali, ama^s wealth. /'.
shauri, make a plan, consider. (2)
Do, work at, engage in (of the opera-
tion rather than the result . .
work, labour. /'. biashara, carry on
trade. F. shughuli, attend to busi-
ness. Nifanytni . ? What steps am I
to take ? F\ vyovyotc, act recklessly,
at random. (3) Bring about a result,
cause, compel. F. acndc, take steps
to make him go, make him go. (This
sense is usually expressed by the
Causative form of verbs, or by another
word of definite compulsio:
/azirnn, shurntisha,Jnzn,} (.\
into play, allow to hapju
taneous vent to, csp. of the K
' feel,
F. hofu (Aasira), be afraitl
vc oneself .1
grandee. 15) Make in
M:pp<,sc. ri-j.j.nr-1 as. Cm,-nif\in\.i
nnmi r (made
out) that I was ill (when I was not).
o oneself, pretend to be,
disguise oneself as. Usifanyt mtaha t
suppose it is a joke.
make fun of it. Ps. fanyti
be done, be al :
ione for \\<
of, &c.), tarn out well for ;
FAKA
66
and also 'be favourable to, favour
give prosperity to.' Nimefanyikiwa,
have prospered, things have gone
\vell with me. Ap. fany-ia, -iwa,
-jana, e. g. do for (to, with, at, &c.).
Cs. fany-iza, -izwa ; also fanza,
fanzwa. Hence fany-izia, -iziwa,
-izika, fanzia, fanziwa, cause to
make, cause a making of, cause to
be made, repair, put in order, mend,
have (a thing) done (by giving or-
ders, personalattention,& c .), provide,
get ready. Nifanzie nyumba hii,
have this house put in order for me.
Ntafanyiza, I will have it done (see
to it). Fanza ehakula, get a meal
ready. Sometimes intensive, e. g
wakamfanza killa namna, they did
all sorts of things to him (of ill-
treatment), ^.fanyana, of mutual,
concerted action, co-operation, e g
with kazi, work ; shauri, delibe'ra-
tion ; Inashara, trade. (In some of
the denv. forms, the>/ sound is often
not distinguishable, e.g. faniza,
fanika, and cf.fanikia,v. Cf. tenda,
which can sometimes be used con-
vertibly with fanya.}
*Fara, n. brim, brimful, j^tsfa
yafara, a i\A\ pishi (see Pishi), about
6 oz. weight. Fara ya pishi is also
used for 1 2 tishi, i. e. fara, a dozen.
FABIKI
part of a weaver's loom. (Ar. Cf.
*Farakana, v. become parted, be
estranged, be separated.. Kufara-
kana hakuvunji kujuana, separation
is not the end of acquaintance. ( Ar.
Cf. faraka, fariki.)
*Faranga n. (ma-\ young bird,
nesthng, and esp. chick, chicken.
(? Ar. faruj. Cf. syn. kinda, mtoto
wa kuku.}
-faransa, a. and Fransa, Farasa,
French. Mfaransa, a Frenchman.
Aifrausa, the French language of
the French kind. Ufransa^^ansa,
or Llaya Fransa, France (homFran-
_ ^ j~*-'y **' "^ uvAdit
v fara, or farafara, e. g. kitjaa
farafara, to be full to the brim, be
quite full. (Ar. Cf. Jurifuri,
furika, and perh. fura.} '
*Faragha, n. privacy, seclusion,
leisure, retirement, secrecy. Sina f.
leo, I have no time to-day, I am en-
gaged. Faraghani, in seclusion, in
secrecy. Kwa faragha, and as adv.
faragka, secretly, privately. (Ar.
. sin, upweke, utawa, eda.}
*Faraja, n. comfort, relief, cessa-
tion of pain, ease, consolation. Pata
/, be relieved. (Ar. Ci.fariji, and
olig., and syn. baridi, utiilizo )
*Farajika, v. Nt. See Fariji.
(Ar.)
*Faraka, n. a comb- like instru-
ment for keeping threads apart,
Farasi, n., commonly Frasi
norse. Enda kwa frasi, ride, go
on horseback (contr. enda kwa
miguu}. Mpanda frasi, a horseman,
trooper (in cavalry). Panda frasi
(or, juu ya frasi), mount a horse.
Shukajuu ya frasi, dismount. Also
used in joinery, cross-bar, tie-beam
(Ar.)
*Farathi, n. (i) a matter of neces-
sity, obligation, prescribed duty, esp.
of religion. Nina farathi ya kula,
I am bound to have some food (cf
lazima, shartt). (2) Place of resort,'
haunt, usual abode. Chakula pale
ulapo, ndio faralhi yako, where you
take your meals, that is your abode
(Ar.)
*Fariji, v. comfort, console, re-
lieve ease, bless. P s . farijiwa.
Nt. farijtka (and farajika). Ha-
farijiki kabisa, she is quite incon-
(Ar. Cf. faraja, mfariji, and syn!
burudisha, tuliza.}
*Fariki, v. (i) depart (from), part
company (with), but esp. ( 2 ) die, de-
cease. Hawezi kutnfariki mkewe,
he cannot bear to leave his wife.
Amefariki dunia, he has departed'
this life (lit. from the world). Ap.
\farik-ia, -iwa, -iana. Amefarikiwa
1 na mumewe, she has lost her hus-
band (by death or desertion). Cs.
FAKO
67
FELEJI
-ishwa, separate, set
apart, put :. ;>. see Fara-
kana. (Ar. Cf. faraka, and syn.
ondoka, teriga, and for 'die,' fa.)
*Faro, n. See Kifaro.
*Faroma, n. or Faruma, a block
or mould to put caps on after wash-
ing* t prevent shrinking and pre-
serve shape. (Ar.)
*Farumi, n. ballast in a ship.
Chombo kalina kitu, utie farumi ki-
patt kuwa kizito, the dhow is empty,
put some ballast on board to give it
weight (Hind.)
*Fashini, n. a block of wood
fastened to the stern post
in a native-built vessel, and carrying
the rudder (msuf. .
*Fasihi, a. correct, pure, elegant,
lucid (in taste or style), esp. of utter-
ance or writings. Kif. wa kusema,
he has a good style of speaking.
^\r. Cf. ufasiAi, and syn. swafi.^}
*Faaiki, n. an immoral, profligate,
vicious person. (Ar. Cf. ufasiki,
and syn. asAerati, mfisadi.}
*Fasili, n. sprout, shoot. Hnna
asili tvala fati/i, you have neither
root nor offshoot, i.e. family or con-
nexions, position or prospects.
(Ar:
*Fa.sn plain, interpret,
translate. Ps. fasiriwa.
Ap.fasir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
fasiri-sAa, -shwa. (Ar. Cf. ufa-
'izfsiri, and syn. fafanua,
Futaki, n. gun cap. Also used
of crackers, and other small fireworks.
(Ar.)
'Fiithaa, n. and Fasaa, dismay,
confus; trouble, dis-
quiet, bustle, agitation. Muungu
hana fathaa, yuna safari, God is
.t patient. .' ; ;ikwa ma
/., be t. >ion. (Ar.
. follg. and syn. ghoste,
Co/a.)
*Fathaika, v. be trouble
turbed, confused, &c., sec Fnthaa.
wAa-isha, -isAwa, abash.
I
found, startle. (Ar. Cf. fathaa,
and syn. angaika, stuka.}
*Fathili, v. do a kindness (to),
confer a favour (on), put under an
obligation, esp. as the act of a su-
perior. Ps. fathiliwa. Nt. fa-
thilika, receive a favour. Muungu
hafathiliwi, there is no such thing as
doing God a favour. Cs. faihili-
sAa, -shwa, put under an obligation.
n. also Fathali, favour, kindness,
benefit, privilege. Akili ni f. aliyo-
fathiliwa bin Adamu, intellect is a
special privilege conferred on man.
A'irnekula f. yao, I have experienced
kindness from them, I am under an
obligation to them. Hana (or Aajui}
/., he has no sense of 'favour, he is
ungrateful. Lipa /., return a kind-
ness. (Ar. Cf. afat/iali, tafathali^}
*Fatiha, n. and Fdtiha, a Ma-
hommedan office, or form of service,
usually a reading from the Coran,
used at various ceremonies, e. g.
marriage, a funeral, visiting a grave,
occupying a new house, starting on
an expedition. (Properly, but not
only, of an opening or introductory
service, cf. hititna similarly of a
closing service.) Somaf., toaf., per-
form a service, usually the office of a
tirjialimu. Junibc akawaombca fa-
tiha wavuvi, the chief had a dis-
missal service for the fishermen.
(Ar. Cf. sala, hitima, buruda t hu-
tuba, &c.)
*Fatiishi, v. prey, search, be in-
r. (Ar. Cf. tafiti.)
*PavUu, v. (i) of a vessel, get
round (a point), get past, weather,
and hence (2) succeed, obtain one's
he has made his
lie lias scored. (Ar. Cf.
s\n. ft'la, shiiitiii.fantkiwa.)
Feka, v. also Fyoka, clear away
trees and bnish\v<><>d, clr.u forest
land. /</:,; ntwitu, make a d
in a f< .
Folofele, n. an inferior k
millet (wtama).
ji, n. or Fereji, steel of a
FELETI
68
FIDIA
good quality. Upanga waf., a long
straight double-edged sword, often
carried by Arabs. (Ar. Cf. /.)
*Feleti, v. discharge, let go, re-
lease, procure release of, esp. of
discharging an obligation or debt for
some one. (Arab. C r
*Feli, n. act, deed, way of acting.
Ndio feli ya yule mtoto, that is what
the boy did, the way he went on.
Umrudi aachefeliyake, reprove him
that he may leave off his (bad) ways.
(Arab. Cf. syn. B. tendo, kitendo,
*Fenessi, n. (/-), jack-fruit. See
Mfenessi. F. la kizungu is used of
both durian, and bread-fruit.
*Fereji, n. (ma-}, a large ditch,
channel. Cf. more usual mfereji.
(Ar. Cf. handaki, shirno.}
*Feruzi, n. turquoise, a common
name among the lower classes, like
Almasi, diamond. (Ar.)
*Fetaa, v. commonly Fetwa, give
a legal decision, judge a point (of
Mahommedan) law, give judgement.
Ps. fetiwa, be judged, be sentenced.
(Arab, for usual hukumu, amna.}
*Fetha, n. (i) silver ; (2) money,
coin, cash, in general. Mkufu wa
/., silver neck-chain, often of great
length, as a convenient means of
investing and storing money. Ana
f. nyingi, he is very wealthy. F.
layari (or, mkononf], ready money,
cash (cf. taslimu, nakudi}. F. ya
kuchwa, a day's pay. (Ar. Cf.
for ' coin,' sarafu, f
*Fethaluka, n. marijani ya /. ,
the true red coral. Ushanga wa f.,
?a shiny semi-transparent kind of
bead. (Cf. marijani, and akiki.}
*Fetb.eha, n. disgrace, a disgrace-
ful thing, shame, scandal. (Ar.
Cf. follg. and syn. aibu, hay a)
*Fethehe, v. disgrace, bring shame
on, dishonour, put to shame. Ps.
fethehewa. Nt. fetheheka. Cs.
fetheh-esha, -eshwa. (Ar. Cf.
aibisha, lahayarisha, tweza.}
*Feuli, n. baggage compartment,
in stern of native vessel.
*Fi, prep, on, with, in such
phrases as saba fi saba, seven by
seven, seven times seven; also ex-
pressed by saba marra saba, seven
times seven. (Arab.)
Fia, v. Ap. See Fa.
Fiata, v. See Fyata.
Ficha, v. hide (from), conceal
(from), disguise, take shelter (from),
give shelter (to) , cover. With double
obj. Amenificha habari, he concealed
the news from me. Alimficha kofia,
he hid his cap from him.
\fichwa, (i) be hidden from (some-
thing) ; (2) be kept from seeing
(knowing, hearing something). Nt.
\juhika. K^.fich-ia, -iwa. Alim-
\fichia kofia, he hid his cap for him
(at his request), or from him, i.e.
to his loss or sorrow, like the Pr.
\_ficha. Cs.fah-isha, -ishiua. Rp.
\fickana, conceal (or, hide) from each
other ; fahamana, hide themselves
away all together (or, by common
consent). Rf. jificha, &c. Kuji-
ficha mvua, take shelter from ram.
Kihema cha kujifichia, a tent to take
refuge in. Bandar i hii imejificha
kwa upepo mbaya, this port is shel-
tered from dangerous winds. (Cf.
kificho, mfichifichi, mfichaji, and syn.
setiri,funika.}
Ficb.0, n. usually in plur., i. e. ma-
\ficho, hiding-place, concealment, dis-
guise. (Cf./^a.)
*Fidi, v. ransom, pay ransom for,
deliver by payment. Mali yake
imemfidi katika kifungo, his wealth
got him out of prison. Ps./^zwa.
Ap. fidia. Amemfidia babaye kwa
reale mia, he has paid ransom for his
father with a thousand dollars. (Ar.
Cf. dia, fidia, kifidio, and common
syn. komboa, ukotnbozi^]
*Fidia, n. ransom, fine, money paid
as composition or reparation. Httyu
hawi fidia ya gidamu ya kiatu cha
babangu, he is not worth my father's
shoe-lace. (Ar. Cf. dia, and prec.)
FIFIA
69
FINGIRIKA
Fifla, v. be dying away, fade, pine,
dribble away, disappear, e.g. of a
flower, an ink spot, a scar, &c.
~6wa. Ap. jifi-lia, -liwa.
Rangiyakc imejifilia mbalt, its colour
has completely faded away. Cs.
fifi-liza, -tizwa, e.g.jua limefifiliza
-,i u>a mwili, the sun has taken
all the gloss off the body. Also of
money disappearing gradually, ' filch
(Cf./<z, die, and//wtf.)
Figa, n. esp. in plur. rnafiga, i. e.
three stones used as a tripod to sup-
port a cooking pot over a fire. Also
called mafya (see Jifya), but the
common word in Z. town is mtho
(for majiko, see Jiko).
Figili, n. (*-)> and Fijili, a kind
of radish, both root and leaves being
used as vegetables. See Mfigili.
Figo, n. (wtf-) kidney, but in Z.
usually nso, which see.
Fika, v. arrive (at), reach, get to,
come (to). F. Unguja, arrive at
ir. F. mji, or mjini, arrive
at a town. F. kwake, reach
his home. Ap. fik-ia t -iwa, -ika,
-iana. Waraka wako umenifikia,
your letter has reached me. Hkika,
be accessible, be approachable, be
\. jika,karibika). Also
fik-ilia, -iliwa. Nimefikiliwa, I have
had an arrival of guests, I am engaged
with \ ikiliza, see below.
nha,-ishwa,-iza.
i further dcriv. fikishia,
i. &c. Chakula hiki kitanifi-
kisha favf/u, this food will take me
: 'tiftHsha tnbcli
I will conduct him some way on the
road. Alimfikishia. n;
ad ahead f-
//' za a ; p rom ise , carry
out an engagement. Fikilishi .
ibote. //''/ :na and other
rms, see below. Kp.yf/6owa,
inafiki-
h'ana, these statements converge on
the same point, come to the same
thing, coincide. (Cf. mfiko, and
syn./a (j id), pat a (patio), &c.)
*Fikara, n. and Fikira, thought,
thoughtful ness, meditation, considera-
tion, reflection, esp. in the plur. Ana
f. zake, he is thoughtful. Yttko
katikaf. zake, he is buried in thought.
Wamepata f. ya kujenga, they have
got an idea of building. (Ar. Cf.
fikiri, ufikira.)
Fikicha, v. crumble in the fingers,
rub to pieces, e. g. of lumps in flour,
clods of earth, and husking grain by
rubbing. fs.fikichwa. Nt.yWv-
chika, -kana, be crumbly, easily
crumbled, friable. Ap. fiki-chia,
*Fikiri, v. think (about), ponder
(over"!, meditate (upon), consider,
reflect (about). Also Kd. of deep or
repeated thought. Ps. fikirhva.
Nt. fikirika. Ap. fikiria ,
Cs.jfikir-isha, -ishwa, cause to think,
make thoughtful, sober. (Ar. Cf.
waza, tia nioyoni, and dist. thani,
nia.}
Filia,v. Ap. from fa, fia (which see).
*Filiflli, n. ( ), a carpenter's
square. (Hind.)
Filimbi, n. a kind of flute.
gajilimbi, a flute-player.
*Filisi, v. sell up, declare bank-
rupt, distrain on goods of, make
bankrupt, min. Wali a.'.
Abdallah, the governor sold up
Abdallah. Ps. filial
of person or goods. Ab-
dallah amtfilisika, Abdaflab is bank-
rupt, has lost all his money. A p.
Cs.yf/fJ- is Aa, -is/i ;</.
(Ar.)
I'O, n. a stick, esp. a li-ht
stick carried in tin Ik ing-
stick, a switch. (C'f. l^ikora for
various kinds of stick, and nfito.)
Finesai, n. See Feneaai.
Fingirika, v. also occurs as
binicirika, and so in d
go by rolling (by turning roui.
FINYA
70
FO-FO-FO
round, berolled along, as alog not as
a stationary revolving wheel (cf. zu-
, but implying movement, e. g.
of a wounded snake. Cs. fingir-
isha, -ishwa, push along something
round, roll (something) along. Usi-
choweza kuchukita, tifingirishe, what
you cannot carry, move by rolling.
(Cf. viringa, viringika, mviringo,
where v seems a variant for/. Also
cf. zttngiika, &c. of circular motion,
and duara, dunt.}
Finya, v. (i) pinch, pinch np,
press with fingers or nails, nip ; (2)
make (or, be) narrow (pinched, con-
tracted). Alinifinya nikalia, he
gave me a pinch, and I screamed.
F. jicho, half close the eye, as in
dozing. F. use, wrinkle the face,
frown. Kiatu chanifinya, the shoe
is tight (pinches me). Rd. fnya-
finya, used of pinching up, or crumb-
ling small, as food for children. (Cf.
vinya.) Tbp.fnyana, (i) be pinched
together, be wrinkled, be creased, be
folded ; (2) be narrowed, contracted
cramped, confined. Uso umefinyana
his face is frowning (wrinkled)
Mlango umefinyana, the door
narrow. Adui sharti afinyane, the
enemy must certainly shrivel up
(Cf.jfnyt wAfinyanga ; and for pinch-
ing, nyakua, and for making folds 01
creases, kunja, kunjamana.}
Finyanza, v. also Finyanga
Finyanja, knead clay, with hand:
or feet, as potters do, and hence ' d(
potters' work, make vessels of clay,
i.e. fanya vyombo vya udongo
(Cf. mfinyanzi, and finya, of whicl
finyanza seems to be a derivative
equivalent tojinyanisha.}
Finyo, n. (ma-}, crease, fold
narrow place, narrowness. Mafiny
ya nso, wrinkles on the face, whethe
of a frown or grimace. Njiayafinyo
a narrow road. (Cf. finya?)
Fira, v. commit sodomy, adulterj
fornication. Rp.jprana.
*Firaka, n. penis. (Arab. C
syn. B. mboo.
Firigisi, n. gizzard.
*Firuzi, n. See Feriizi. (Ar.)
*Fisadi, n. (tna-\ a corrupter,
sp. a corrupter of women, a seducer,
n immoral person. (Ar. Cf.
fisadi, fisidi, and syn. fasiki, mto-
Fisha, v. Cs. of fa, which see.
Fisi,n. the common kind of hyaena.
Cf. kingubwa.}
*Fisidi, v. also Fisadi. corrupt,
educe, esp. of corrupting women.
Ar. Ci.fisadi.}
*Fithuli, a. and -flthuli, arro-
gant, insulting, officious, self-assert-
ng. (Ar. Cf. ufithuli, mfithuli,
and follg.)
*Fithulika,v. be arrogant, bluster,
use insulting language, swagger, be
nsolent. Ap. fithuli-kia, -kiwa,
be insolent to. (Ar. W.fithuli,
and kiburi.*)
*Fitina, n. (i) discord, variance,
antagonism, quarrelling, misunder-
standing. Fanya /, tia /., cause
discord, slander, be cause of discord.
(2) Tumult, mutiny, insurrection ; (3)
source of discord, an agitator, a
fire-brand. Akatokea mtu mmoja
fitina, a certain mischief-worker
appeared on the scene. (Ar. Cf.
follg. and ufitina, ugomvi, tfOft.)
*Fitini, v. cause discord (among\
make mischief, set at variance, cause
to quarrel, make mutinous.
fitiniwa. Nt. fitinika. Ap.
fitin-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs.Jitin-tsha,
-ishwa. K^.fitiniana.
*Fitiri, n. alms and presents given
at the end of Ramathan, the Mahom-
medan month of fasting. (Ar. Cf.
futari, futuru^)
Fito, n. plur. of uflto, which see.
Fiwa, v. Ps. Ap. of fa, which
see.
Fiwi, n. a kind of bean used as
food in Z., Cape bean. (For others,
cf. kunde, choroko, mbaazi, dengu^)
Fo-fo-fo, adv. kufafo-fo-fo, to die
outright, sudden death. (Cf.fa, -fu,
kifojifiajufua.}
FOBOMALI
71
FTJAWA
*Foromali, n. yard 'of a ship), i. e.
: fan fa, the spar
that carries the sail. It is controlled
by braces fore, baraji, and aft, hama-
nd hoisted by the henza, which
see, and cf. tanga.
*Forsadi, n. fruit of the mulberry
tree (mforsadi).
*Fortha, n. and Forotha, custom-
house. The locative formforthani is
commonly used in Z. for the place , and
also for the district (nitaa), in which
.tnated. (Ar.)
*Frasi, n. also Farasi, horse,
mare. (Ar. See Farasi.)
-fu, a. (rarely in any forms except
rn/it, -ura/u, kifu, ntafii), dead. Affu,
a dead person. A'ifu, a dead thing.
Maji mafuy neap tides. (Cf.fa, ufu,
Fua, n. ( , or of size ma-}, (i)
a round wooden tray with raised rim,
used for washing clothes on, a shallow
wooden bowl for hand-washing, &c.
(cf. fua, v. and chano, and for
other kinds chungu). (2) Only in
the plural maftta, chest, chest com-
(See Mafua, and cf. kifua,
andyW, v.)
Fua, v. beat, strike, hammer, but
usually limited to certain operations,
viz. (i) of smith's work, work at
(a metal), make (of a metal). !'.
fhuma (thaba, fetha), work in iron
(brass, silver), follow the trade of
blacksmith (silversmith, &c.). /'.
icmbe\ make a knife-blade
(hoe). Cf. tnfua (chutna, fetha, &c.),
lundry work,
wash clothes in the native way,
; them on a stone or board.
Mfna nguo, a washerman n
making a profession of washing
;ily called dobi in 7
ifhaga.} (3) Of !
cocoanuts, by dashing them on a
pointed stnk clean a
cocoanut. Nt./-
lika. Madini hii hnifuliki, this
metal : Me. Ap./M-/m,
/, e.g. work metal for
(with, at, &c.), wash for. Cs.
fu-liza, -lizwa, e.g. (i) set to work
as smith or washerman, employ, have
work done by them. Also (2) of the
artisan, procure work. Fuli .
get clothes for washing, i.e. take in
washing. (3) Keep on at, hammer
at, cause to hammer or keep on,
continue doing, in a general sense,
for which see Fuliza. Rp./Hatia,
work together as smiths, Sec., help
each other, or actually ' beat ( hammer)
each other.' (Cf. ntfua, fttau'a,
fuawe, kifua, mfuo, ufuko, fito, and
for striking,//^!, chapa, nienya, &c.
Dist. vua.) n. see Mafua, and
cf. kifua.
Fuama, v. lie on the face not
often in Z. Cs. fuamisha. (Cf.
lalafulifuli.}
Fuasa, v. copy, imitate, follow
a pattern. Cs. fuas-isha, -ishwa.
Fuasisha santi Xtt'a kinanda (in
music), accompany singing on the
piano. (d.fuata and mftiasi.)
Fuata, v. (i) follow, come next
to, succeed, come behind, pursue ;
(a) imitate, copy, accompany (in
music), do like, be like; (3) obey,
keep to, abide by, be follower (ad-
herent) of. Fttata maji ya<:ndak<.\
swim with the stream. Bcndtra ya-
fuata pcpo, the flag follows the- wind.
Ntafuata, mbio tia pembc hizi ndogo,
I will accompany the tune with these
little horns. Often/, nyiima, follow
behind. /'. sheria, kcrj) the law.
idi, be a M
A p. J;
intcns.,
copy carefully also Fuasa, \\hu-!
see. mpnny,
foll(.w in a crowd. J-natani>ha % send
>ne) to ae ' :
/</, tnafuatano.}
FuaUno, n. (ma-},
succession, esp. in jilur., c. .
,nc, melody. (Cf.
j/o/a.)
Fuawft, v. be beaten, hammered.
e.g. of a vessel aground, and <
FUAWE
72
FUKUZA
to the full force of the waves. (Seems
seldom used. Perh. Ps. form of
fua, v., cf. follg.)
Fuawe, n. anvil, i.e. something to
be hammered upon. (Ci.fua,\.,
Fudifudi, adv. on the face, face
downwards. Lola fudifudi, lie on
the face. (Cf. ///>#, and follg.)
Pudikiza, v. turn upside down
(inside out, face downwards), turn
over, e. g. of cards in playing. (Cf
fudifudi, and syn. pindukiza.}
Pufua, v. cause to revive, bring to
life again, resuscitate, restore, revive.
F. maili, bring a dead man to life.
F. mgonjwa, give strength to an
invalid. F. deni, bring up a for-
gotten debt. Nt. //&*. Ap.
fufu-lia, -liwa. Cs. fuful-tza,
-izwa. (Cf. fa, fifia, ufufuo, ufu-
fuko, and syn. huisha, amsha.}
Puga, v. (i) keep in confinement,
rear, breed (of tame animals, stock,
poultry, &c.) ; and (2) tame, domesti-
cate, break in (of wild animals).
Fuga ngombe (mbuzi, kuku\ keep
cows (goats, fowls). Ps. fugwa.
Nt. fugika. Frasi huyu hafugikt,
this horse is not (or, cannot be)
broken in. h?.fug-ia, -iwa. Cs.
fugi-sha, -shwa, e. g. of professional
horse-breaking. (Cf. fugo, mfugo.
Perh. clfunga.}
Fugo, n. (ma-}, breeding, rearing,
domestication, &c., of animals. (Cf.
fuga, and mfugo.'}
Fuja, v. make a mess of, dis-
arrange, bungle. F. kazi, bungle
work. F. mali, squander money.
(Cf. fujOj and syn. boronga, chafua.
Dist. vuja.}
Fujo, n. disorder, mess, bungle,
disturbance, uproar, tumult. Nyu-
mba ya /., a disorderly, much fre-
quented house. Kazi ya /., work
badly finished. Fujo-fiijo, an utter
mess. (Cf..)
Fuka, v. (i) emit, throw out,
smoke, &c. SeeVuka. (2) Fill up
(a hole). See Pukia. n. a
thin kind of porridge (of rice flour,
with sugar, honey, spice, &c.), served
to guests at an entertainment or
festival.
*Fukara, n. a poor man, beggar.
Fukara hahehohe, of extreme destitu-
tion. (Ar. Cf. fakiri, fukarika,
and syn. maskini, mwotnbaji.}
*Pukarika, v. become poor. (Ar.
Ci.ftikara, and opp. tajiri, tajirika.}
Puke, n. SeeVuke. (Clf***,
vuka?)
Pukia, v. fill in (a hole, grave,
&c.), dig in, cover in. F. kaburi,
fill up a grave. Akaifukia sakafu
yote kwa mchanga, and he filled up
all (the holes in) the floor with sand.
Alifukia kitabu kaiika sanduku, he
covered up the book in the box.
Nyumba ilimfukia, the house (when
it fell) buried him. Ps. fukiwa.
Nt. fukika. Ap. fuk-ilia, -iliwa,
-ilika. Tundu linafukilika kwa
udongo, the hole can be filled in with
earth. Cs. fuk-iza, -izwa, -isha,
-is kwa. "Rp.fu&iana. (Ci.fuka,
which is seldom heard, and fukua,
also mfuko.}
Fukiza, Fukizo. See Vukiza,
Vukizo.
Puko, n. (i) (ma-}, a large bag
or pocket, saddle-bag. (Cf. for
various kinds, mfuko.} (2) Hole,
place dug out. Kuku cuhimbafuko,
the fowl is digging a hole. (3)
? A burrowing animal, mole. (Cf.
\fuka t \.,fiikia, ufuko, mfuko.}
Fukua, v. dig out, dig up, mak
a hole, burrow, get out of a hole.
Fist amemfukua mtu, a hyaena has
dug up the (buried) man. F. mawe,
get stones by digging. Ps. fukit-
liwa. Nt.fukuka, be dug out, be
hollowed, be concave. Ap. fuku-
lia, -liwa. Cs. fuku-lisha, -hshwa.
Up. fukuana. (Cf. fuka, fukia,
and perh.fu&uza. Also syn. (him6a.)
Fukuta, Pukuto. See Vukuta,
Vukuto.
Fukuza, v. (i) force out, drive
out, esp. in hunting or war, and hence
FULI
73
FUMBATA
both (2) drive off, chase away, banish,
go in pursuit of, hunt, try to
catch. Mbwa -wakazifukuza >:
*ata, the hounds chased the
pigs and caught them. Wamefukiizia
mbali adui, they have chased the
enemy quite away. Ps. fukuzwa.
Ap. fukuz-ia, -iwa. Cs. fuktiz-
isha, -ishwa. Rp. fukuzana, e.g.
of children chasing one another.
(Seems to be Cs. form of fnkua, with
intensive force, and specialized mean-
ing. ,{.fnka.ifitkia,fukna., mftiktizi,
and syn. kimbiza, win<ia y fuata?)
Full, n. lesser rainy season. See
Mvuli.
Fulifuli, adv. (i) also Fudi-fudi,
on the face, face downwards, of posi-
tion ; (a) for ^farafara, in
in quantities, brimful. See
Fara.
Fuliza, v. keep on at, keep going,
keep doing, quicken, hasten. /'". mi-
fuu, walk quickly. F. mwendo, go
speedily. Alsofu/u/iza znAfululiza,
an emphatic Rd. form. Ps. fitli-
Ap./uti-zta, -ziwa. Rp.
''i. (C(./ua, of which it is
an Intcns. form with generalized
meaning, aw 1 tnfulizo, mfululizo.}
*Fullani, n. >uch a one, a certain
one, so and so, such and such (things),
; indefinitely to persons or
things, for reference only. /'. ante-
setna, somebody has said.
bithaaf., I wont such and such goods.
(Ar.)
Furna, v. (i) weave, and also of
: ming a fabric,
by sewing, &c. Ps. fumwa. Nt.
Ap. fum-ia, -;.
sewing clothes. ( .ishwa.
. a weaver, mfumo, weav-
ing.) (a) Shoot, pierce (with a sharp
wcapo: '..'wa is usual. (CF.
fit mo, and t-
he root,
and for weaving mfumo.}
Fumania, v. come on suddenly,
Like in the act, intrude in the house
of, surprise. Ps. fumanhi
funianika. Cs. fumaniza, and
Intens., e.g. alimwua miuanaumc
aKyemfumaniza na mkc-we, he killed
the man whom he surprised with his
wife. (Cf. syn. gtmdua.)
Fumba, v. (i) shut, close, by
bringing things, or parts, together.
/'. macho, close the eyes. F. kinwa,
shut the mouth. F. mkono, close
the hand. F. tnikono, clasp the hands
together. F. yiiguii, bring the legs
together, (a) Mystify, make a mys-
tery about, disguise, use in an obscure
way. F. maneno, use unintelligible,
difficult language. Fumbo humfumba
mjinga, a parable mystifies a fool.
Vs.fumbwa, "Nt.fumbika. Jliiua
yanafumbika, the flowers are closing.
See also Vumbika. Ap./umb-ia,
-iwa, e.g. shut up in (for, by, &c.),
talk darkly about, Sec. Cs./um6-
tsAa, -ishwa. Rp. fumbana, e. g.
hatta macho yakafumbana, till his
eyes closed. Rf. jifumba, shut
oneself up (in meditation, study, &c.).
(Cf. fumba, kifumba, also fumbo,
fumbita,fnmbata, and ? vumbika^]
Fumba, n. (ma-}, (i) a matting
sleeping bag, a mat doubled length-
ways and the ends sewn up, used
sometimes for burying. /.
maiti katika fumba (mkeka
mha), hushonwa mithili ya mfttko,
the body is put in z. fumba, m
HI a bag. Also ff r <lim\ning
criminals. Wakatiiva katika tnafu-
tnba, wakatonca baharini^ th
put in bags and thrown int..
2) Lump, clod. F. la unga
;, a lump in \\^\
caked. millet.
(Cf. fumba y lumj>. For tnakuti
ya fumba, * ya kumba.
Fumbama, v. lose one's senses, be
daze
fumbama akili yakc^ this man is not
. and
-ma.)
Fumbata, v. tncloM- \\ith
FUMBO
74
or; arms\ grasp, clutch, encompass.
ttwezt kuufunibata mli hnu kwa
mttomo yangu, my arms will not go
round this tree. Amefumbata fetha
. mkononi, he has grasped the money
with his hand. P s . fumbatwa.
Nt . fumbatika, e.g. konzi ya maji
liaifumbatiki, water cannot be grasped
m the fist. Ap. fumbat-ia, -iwa.
Cs. fumbat-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. fu-
"il>a, and syn. ambata, kumbatia,
kajnata.}
Fumbo, n. (ma-), anything puz-
zling, hidden, mysterious, and so
puzzle, problem, dark saying, hint
proverb, parable, riddle.' Sema kwa
wafumbo, speak in an unintelligible,
limcult way. Maneno ya Jumbo
and fumbo la nianeno, mysterious
language. (Cf. Jumbo, also syn.
w, methali, mfano, kitendawili
mat at a.}
Fumbua, v. Rv. offuwda, unclose,
open, lay open, reveal, disclose, by
separating things or parts which were
close together, e.g. fumbua nkono,
open the closed hand, and so of the
eyes, mouth, &c. F. maana, unfold
the meaning. F. majani, make open-
ings in high grass, for air or planting.
Ps. fumbuliwa. Nt. fumbuka.
^.fumbu-lia, -lika. Cs. fumbu-
lisha -hshwa. R p . fumbuana.
U.fumba, ufumbulio, and for simi-
ir meaning vumbua (perh. same
word) ; funua, uncover ; fungua un-
fasten fumua, unravel; fundua,
untie.)
Fumo, n. (ma-), (i) a spear; (2)
a chief, but seldom heard in Z for
the usual mkuki, mfalme. (Cf
fit ma.}
Fumua, v. Rv. of fuma, undo
(what is woven, matted, sewn, con-
nected together), and so (i) unravel
unpick, take to pieces, unstitch, &c.
(2) reveal, disclose, make clear ex-
plain. (Cf. fumbua.) F. uzi, un-
stitch. F. nyele, let down hair. F.
nfjuo, rip (pull in pieces) calico!
ft moto, pull a fire to pieces, take
FUND I
sticks out the fire. F. maknti, take
out (decayed) thatch. F. mali
squander money, be prodigal. Also'
in Nt. sense, mtama unafumua tlie
millet is coming into ear. ifaita
yafumua, the flowers are coming out.
Mfumua nianeno nje, of a spy or
tale-bearer. Vs.fumuliwa. Nt.
fumuka, e.g. nguo imefumuka, ushone
my dress is come undone, sew it up.
Mashua inafumuka, the boat opens
at the seams, leaks, is coming to
pieces. Rp.fumu&ana, e.g. of people
separating after a meeting, 'disperse '
Ap fumut-ia, -iwa. (See Fuma
and & fumbua, funua, fungua )
Fumukano, n. (*,.), separation,
breaking up, dispersal, e.g. of people
after a meeting. (Cf. fnma, fumua .)
Funda, v. pound, bruise, triturate
pulverize, e.g. rice, pepper, ginger,
&c., in a mortar (Mnu), also ' pound
up together, mix with other ingredi-
ents, e.g. ondokeni nifunde unga get
up and mix the meal. Ys.fundwa.
Nl.fundika, be pounded, be mixed,
and also in act. sense. (Perh. a
form of vunfa, retained in this special
sense in Z. For the operation cf.
ponda, twanga, saga, chakacha,paaza
For a root/unaa, teach, and also
make a knot, not itself used in Z
cf. fundi and fundo. But/iamb n
seems different from all.) __ n .
(ma-), a large mouthful, of liquid or
solid, distending the cheeks, cl.funda
la shavu, esp. common of liquids.
Piga mafunda, take large mouthfuls,
gulps, draughts, either to be swal-
lowed, or for rinsing the mouth out
after a meal and to be ejected.
(Perh. cf. fundo, a knot, as fumba
Fundi, n. (ma-), a person skilled
in any art, craft, or profession, and so
able to instruct others in it, a skilled
workman, one who has learnt his trade
a trained artisan or craftsman, e.g.'
mason, carpenter, tailor, smith, wash-
erman, &c., mwalimu being com-
monly used of the higher professions,
FUNDIKA
75
FTJNGA
csp. teaching. (Ci.fitndisha,fiinza,
mkitfunzi, t/unda.)
Fundika, v. make into a knot,
tie up. Usually piga fundo, funga.
See Fundo.
Fundisha, v. teach, instruct, edu-
cate, thework ofa/ww<#or micalirmi.
Vs.fundish-ua. Ap./unt/isA - ia, -iwa,
e. g. vittt vya kiifundishia, aids to
teaching, school accessories. Kp.
fundishana. l&t.jiftindisha, leain.
(An Intens. form, cf. fundi, funza,
ntkufunzi, and follg.)
Fundisho, n. (wa-), teaching,
what is taught, instruction, doctrine.
({. fundisha.)
Fundo, n. (nta-\ (i) knot, any-
thing resembling a knot; (a) fig. a
difficulty, grudge, esp. (3) ill feeling,
resentment. F. la mti (mua\ a
knot in wood or a tree. F. la uzi,
knot in thread. /'. la nguo, clothes
tied in a knot. /'. la utepe, a rosette.
F. la chombo, cross-beam in a dhow
(cf. ntwashiri), securing the mast.
F. la Hshanga, consists of ten strings
(kete) of beads. See Kete. Also (4)
a purse, usually consisting of a knotted
piece of the waist cloth. Situ ya
mashaka, fitndo, for the day of ad-
versity, a purse. F. la ntgmt, the
ankle, also At/undo. J'iga /., tie a
knot. t'. t untie a knot.
A/aji yalinifiga fundo, th
: me. (Cl./// ;/<////, kifunJo,
mda.)
Fundua, t knot, untie,
.[lain (a difficulty,),
get ovt: uncork
a bottle. (< f. zil>na.\
' funditka. A p.
Cs. fund-usha,
-us/iiVi.-. \. fundush
of a tree flowering. (Cf. /undo,
and for similar words/"
VW7.)
a, v. (i) fasten, make fast,
tmish pac!
shut close (fasten) the door. (Cf.
shindika mlattgo, put to, close the
door.) F. luaraka, seal up a letter.
F. fhoo, constipate, be constipated.
Fung'i kamba (or, na kamba}, fasten
with a cord. (2) Shut in, enclose,
imprison, put in fetters. /'. g,
(niinyororonij kifungonf), put in
prison (in chains, under arrest'.
(3) Overcome (in a game or contest),
win, checkmate, put in difficulties,
convict. Tuliivafunga inabao sita,
we won six games against them.
Neno lake lilimfunga mwenyewe, his
own statement convicted him. (4)
Decide on, embark on, begin, take
decisive steps towards. Fttnga bia-
s/iara, conclude a bargain. /. rv'A:,
begin operations in war. F. shauri,
resolve on a plan. F. safari, set out
on a journey. (5) ///<; is nlso
used as Nt. in various senses, c.
Leo sisi tuna/un^a, to-day we are
fasting. Ramatmami ni //<:
kufunga, Kamathan is the month of
fasting. Alma inafunga, it is a
settled rain. Cf. mfta^ff, mfnngno.
Alito imcfntiga, the rivers are im-
]>a^>al)le. Rf. jifunga, as above,
and esp. (i) devote oneself, engage
oneself, give special attention. Ji/n-
n^a knsoma, apply oneself to study
(kwa kazi, to work, na adui, with
an opponent, in strife). (2) Get one-
self into a fix, contradict oneself,
1 1 a in j K- r onesel f. A me
ulinii wake, he is convicted by his
(3) /(>'
~i'ii. llnna
buddi /;,
tied t<> a tree. V
Moor is not
">r will not shut.
would ; up for? arc you
:o tease me
kunibi), and lie i
the horse to him by a cord. ^
/ww.,. ./, I am lot
tftgiwa deni, be
prisoned for debt. (
. &c., cause to
FTJNGAMA
cause to be fastened, and Intens. bind
tight, confine, close. Ntamfungisha,
I will have him put in prison. Mvua
inakufungisha ndani, the rain keeps
you indoors. Fungisha mji (njid),
blockade a town (road). (Cf. mfu~
ngizo. Cf. also fungasa.) Kp.
fungana, (i) fasten together, or with
na, fasten to; (2) be fastened to-
gether, e.g. of clouds, forest,' be dense,
be thick.' Alsofttnganya, of a work
of common interest and co-operation.
Funganya mizigo, join in a general
packing up of loads. Also funga-
nisha, c.g.jahazi najiwe, make fast
a vessel to a rock. Cf. also /-
mana. See Fungama. (Cf. fungu,
kifungojungua,^
Fungama, v. be in a fixed, tight,
dense, &c. condition. Rp.fungu-
mana, e.g. of interlacing branches.
Mwitu umefung-amana kabisa, the
forest is hopelessly dense, impene-
trable. Hapa pamefungamana na
miiba, here is a dense mass of thorns.
(Cf. funga, and for form, -mana,
andamana, changamana.}
Fungate, n. honeymoon, period
of seven days after marriage, during
which food is supplied by relations
(Fungate = seven, in some Bantu dia-
lects.)
Fungo, n. (i) fast, period of fast
ing. (Cf. funga, mfunguo.} (2) A
kind of speckled civet cat, smalle
than the ngawa.
Fungu, n. (ma-}, (i) portion
part, piece, share, lot. Fungu If
nyama, a portion of meat. Fungi
zima, a large share. (Cf. kipande
sehemu.} (2) Heap, pile, and esp. o
sandbanks, shoals, reefs, &c. in th
sea. Chombo kimepanda fungum
the dhow has run on a sandbank
Also of pile of stones over a grave
Vunja fungu, used of customary
visit to a grave after forty days, wit 1
a valedictory offering.
Fungua, v. Rv. of funga, (i) un
fasten, undo, untie, unbind, let loose
release, set free, open, &c.
76 FUNUA
ilango, unfasten a door (cf. shindua
ilango, set a door open). F. mkono,
pen the hand (like fumbua}, give a
[ft. Jifungua, give birth to a child,
e confined. (2) Cease fasting.
Nipe kidogo nifungue kinwa, give
me a morsel to break my fast with.
So funguka, funguza.} Ps. fu-
guliwa. Nt. funguka. Shikiza
mlango, usifunguke wala usifungike,
x the door so that it will neither
pen nor shut. Amefunguka mtoto,
he has given birth to a child. Ap.
c ungu-lia, -liwa, -lika. Nifungulie
mzigo, relieve me of my load. Fu-
ngulia mtumwa, give a slave freedom.
F. ng'ombe, turn out cattle to graze.
Cs.fung-uza, -uzwa, e. g. force (in-
duce, allow, &c.) to open, cause to
indo, &c. Akawafunguza ivale
wa/tt, and he had those people set free.
Also ' give a meal to ' after fasting.
Alitufunguza, he caused us to break
our fast. Rp. Funguana. (Cf.
funga, mfunguo, mafungulia, ufu-
nguo, also as similar fumua, funua,
fumbua, fundua.}
Funguo, n. plur. of Ufunguo,
which see. Also ' breaking of a fast.'
:>ut usu. mfunguo. (Cf. funga,
fungua.}
Funika, v. (i) cover, cover up,
put a covering on ; (2) fig. conceal,
disguise. F. chungu, put a lid on
a pot. F. kitabu, close a book.
F. maneno, speak obscurely. F.
inchi maji, cover the land with water,
make an inundation. Jifunika
mkeka, cover oneself with a mat.
Ps. funikwa. Nt. funikika. Jua
limefunikika na mawingu, the sun is
concealed by clouds. ^.funik-ia,
-iwa. Cs. funik-isha, -ishwa,
-iza, cause to cover, cause to be
covered. Maji yamefunikisha inchi,
the water has flooded the country.
Rp. funikana. (Cf. funua, ki-
funiko, and syn. setiri,ficha.}
Funua, v. (i) uncover, lay open,
undo; (2) disclose, reveal, explain,
show. F. chungu, take the lid off
FUNZA
77
FTJRUSHI
a pot. F. (huo, open a book. F.
rnnbawa, spread wings. Ps. fumt-
liwa. Nt. _///&!, e.g. man
funuka, the flowers are opening,
coming out. Mu<itii unafunuka,
the forest is getting more open, is
passable. Ap./unu-tia. .-Ikam-
f it nn! ia w liana, and he explained
to him the meaning. (Cf. fuitika,
ufttntto, and similar fungua'fumua,
fumbnti,fitndita.}
Funza, v. same as fundisha,
teach, instruct, educate. Jifunza
'am a trade, from a fundi.
Ps. fitnz-i\i. Nt. ftinzika, e. g.
mtoto hnyu hafunziki, this child is
unteachable, is too stupid (or, ob-
stinate) to learn. Ap. fitnz-ia,
Cs. funz-isha, -ishwa.
(Cf. fttftdi, fu-
ndisha, and follg.) n. (ma-},
grub, maggot, worm.
Funzio, n. ('na-\ teaching, in-
struction. (for more MUi/itfMftnitf
cf.///'
Fuo, n. (i) (ma-}, washing-place,
:ifnlia nguo, for washing
clothes. (Cf. fua, oga, chosho, ki-
( 2 ) Scum, froth, foam.
nfuo, nfukoifua, and syn. /<?/}/.)
Fupa, n. (ma-), a large bone.
'ichwa, the skull. F.jororo,
a (large) cartilage. (Cf. mfupa,
kifufxi, tifupa.}
..a. (///// withD 4 (P), D 5
6), (i) short, low (in stature,
length, or height); (2) I
(Cf. follg. and opp.
ka, v. be shortened, be lest-
ened (in height, length, stature), be
i ted, &c. Cs. fup'isha^
c. (Cf.
: ;se up, swell, be puffed
.il sense only).
. . : ' ','.:
fnrika,
swell i r, boil over, over-
flow (over), make an ini;:
Cs.fnrik-isha, -ishwa, cause an over-
flow, inundate. Maji yakafurikisha
inchi, the water overflowed the coun-
try. (Ar. Cf. far a, Ju
furiko, and syn. ' flood,' gharikisha.}
*Furaha, n. joy, pleasure, happi-
ness, bliss, delight, gladness, mirth,
merriment. Funya /., ona /., be
happy. Pokea kica /., welcome.
Also adv. gladly, with joy. Titka-
fttda fttraha, and we went joyfully.
Furaham, in a state of happiness.
(Ar., no B. SJTI. Cf. fura/it, and
Ar. raha (higher but more j :
bliss, and such words as nichczo,
wazungutnzo, mapetidezi. )
*Furahi, v. rejoice, be glad, feel
pleasure, be happy, be pleased, enjoy
oneself. Ps.furaAiwa, be pleased
(with), be made happy (by), be re-
joiced (at). Tulifitral:
baruayako, we were delighted at your
ktur. A p. furah-ia, -t'atia, rejoice
(at, in, for, &c.). Cs.furah-isha,
ishivay -ishatut, gladden, cheer, re-
joice, delight. AtnctufuraJiisha satin,
he caused us great amusement. (Ar.
CLfuraha.)
*-furahifu, n. (Jurahifu with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), joyous, chcx-nn-,
:it. (Ar. Ci.furaha.')
*Furika, v. See Fura, and cf. follg.
*Furiko, n. usu. in plur. me.
overflowing, flood, inundation. (Ar.
ika.}
tja, Furugika. See Vu-
ruga, Vurujika.
Furukombe, n. a large 1
prey, a kind of eagle or Mil;
Furukuta, v. move about, be rest-
less, toss about on a bed, as when
ill, excited, unable to sleep, also
irpct.
Faroma.
n. (///</-),(!) sha
ungu; (a) anklet (usu.
r other
oman ''<?.)
packet,
package. (Cf. kifurushi, bahasha.)
FUSFUS
78
FYEKA
~^.is,. (Arab. \^r. KHO. \
Fusho, n. or Vusho, something
used for fumigation, something to be
burnt, as a charm, or sanitary medi-
cine. (Cf. mvuke, vukiza, vukizo, &c.)
Fusi, n. rubbish. See Kifusi
Fusia, v. lay down a bed
.g. onng to light, make known, ex-
pose. F manyoya ya kitku (ya
ndevu) pluck off the feathers of a
fowl (hairs of the beard). F. kibofu
cha ng ombe, take out the bladder of
ox RLjtfutua, make a show of
oneself, boast, brag. p s . futuliwn
(Cf.
\ ^ - f y-~*,wJ
Futa, v. (i) wipe, wipe out (away,
n); (2) remove, obliterate, abolish
cause to be forgotten. F. vumbi
nguont, wipe dust off clothes. F.
vibaya vya waraka, scratch out the
mistakes in a letter. F. kamasi, wipe
e nose. Muungu anifute thambi
zangu may God wipe away my sins.
Ltandikwalo halifutiki, what is writ-
ten cannot be effaced. -a kufuta is
often used of what is plain, common,
of inferior quality, e.g. mkeka wa
totfuta, a common white mat. Ka-
nzu ya kufuta, a plain white kanzu
be angry Ap. fututia, be in a
passion with. Henoe/,*-/w, -liwa,
&futuktsha t provoke. Cs futu-
sha t -shwa. Jua Knafutusha ma-
hindi, the sun is making the maize
P /^ ut ' Rp./utuana. (Cf.
*Futuri, n. short span, as a mea-
sure from tip of thumb to tip of
forefinger, as dist. from shibiri full
span from thumb to little finger.
(Ar.)
*Futuru v. take the first meal
after a days fast. Ap. futur-ia,
with
meal.
not (but see Futika)' Ap.//-,a,
e. g. kttambaa cha kitfutia, a cloth to
wipe with, duster. Cs. fut-isha
u&wa, set to wipe, wipe hard!
\\ n Tijfs***,* S/~*r t
*p. jutana. (Cf. pangusa, sugua,
tua. Aboyfcte, as for vuta, which
see and as a rarely used sing. n.
see Mafuta.)
. *Futari, n. first meal in the even-
ing after a day's fast, usually rice-
gruel (uji\ ( Ar . Cf. fitiri fu-
turu. T>\st.futuri.)
^Futhuli,n. SeeFithuU. (Ar.)
Futika, v . put in the pocket,
stick m waist-cloth, tuck into tlie
girdle, as a native does his knife,
money, or any small aiticle. P s
fvtikwa. Ap. futik-ia, -iwa.
Cs. futik-isha. (Cf. futua. and
dist./z^vz, as Nt. offuta.)
Futua, v. (i) open out, undo a
bundle (or girdle), take out (of a
berry, edible fruit of"
Mfuu, dist. kifuu.) (a
kichwa, skull (see Fuvu).
Fuvu, n. (ma-\ also Fuu, empty
shell, husk. F. la kichwa, skull
/-. la nazi, shell of a cocoanut (but
generally kiftm). F. la yai egtr-
shell (but generally kaka}.
Fuzi, n. See Ufuzi, Mafuzi.
Fyata, v. put (or, hold) between
the legs. F. nguo, tuck the loin-
cloth between the legs (see TJwinda).
F. mikono, grasp the hands between
(i. e. by closing) the thighs. F. mkia
put the tail between the legs. CCf
follg.)
Fyatua, v. and ?Fyua, let go
suddenly, let off (of something which
is holding, a spring, a trap, &c.).
Nt.fyatuka. ^.fyatu-lia, -liwa
Cs fyatusha, fyatuli-sha, -shwa.
(Cf. prec.)
Fyeka, v. also Feka, clear away,
FYEKO
79
GAMTI
clear off, make a clearing in, of
ig away trees, grass, jungle. /'.
. make a clearing in the forest.
Ap. fytk-ca, -ewa.
; esha, -cshwa. (Cf. follg.
and/:
Pyeko, n. esp. in plur. mafyeko,
clearing operations, thing cleared
away, clearings.
Fyoa, v. (i) cut. F. masuke ya
mlarna-, cut ears of millet ; (a) fig.
use cutting or abusive language, re-
ply insolently. Ap. fyo-/ea, -lewa,
abuse, jibe. (Cf. fyeka, and follg.
.zih.fyonya, and fyonza.)
Fyonya, v. make a chirping sound
with lips, expressive of contempt,
or disgust. (Cf,/yoa, and follg.)
Fyonza, v. also Fyonja, Fy-
onda, suck, suck at, suck out. /'.
suck sugar. /'. ziwa la
suck the mother's breast.
.//, suck out blood. (Cf.
.-, and nyonya.)
-fyozi, a. abu>ive, scornful. (Cf.
fyoa, and ztfyozi.}
G.
G represents the same sound as
in English ' go.' This hard g. is used
in Swahili for the Arabic consonants
ne words of Arabic
origin ;yptian dialect for
j elsewhere), and also sometimes as
a variant of j and k in other words
rh. through an intermediate
tiy sound) of d.
e words not found under g
may be looked for under j or , and
sometimes undc :
Obs. that the sound written njf in
ctionary is heard and
sometimes as gn t esp. at Mombasa.
Ch is used to represent the sound of
few words in
ic las a deep
guttural. It is more- often pronounced
as a deep slightly rolled r, or as
i A, and is in some words
slurred and hardly heard at all, or
pronounced by Swahilis as g. (Cf.
ali, haintij orofa, gubari.}
Gaagaa, v. also Garagara, (i)
roll from side to side, turn restlessly,
sprawl, as on board a ship, or a sick
man in bed, or an animal wallowing
on the ground ; (2) fig. be lazy,
listless, indifferent, have nothing to
do, loll. Cs. gaagaaza. (Dist.
kaa-kaa.}
*Gadi, n. (wa-), prop, shore, e.g.
to keep a vessel upright, when
stranded, or a tree inclined to fall.
Tia niagadi, shore up. (Cf. follg.)
*Gadimu,v. prop, shore up, with
gadi, which see. Ps. gadimiwa.
Nt. gadimika. Ap. gaditn-ia, -iwa,
prop up with (for, on, &c.). Cs.
gaJiw-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.
Ugcmea, cf. ftguzo, and ? shiku.}
Gae, n. (wa-), a large potsherd,
a large broken piece of metal, <,'lass,
earthenware, &c. Dim. X
bovu limekuwa. niagae, the cracked
dish is all in pieces.
Gaga, n. (wa-\ See Kigaga.
Galawa, n. sometimes Ngalawa,
a small dug-out canoe, with out-
riggers (tnatcHgo) and sail, much
used by fishermen. Galawa Jttit,
wimbichini, the canoe on the
cs beneath, tod
voyage. (Cf. ntiuwfafi.)
Galme, n. also Kalme, /.
iva galrtu, small second
a large dhow, mizzen mast, carrying
its own sail.
Gamba, v. on! :. form
jigamba, vaunt oneself, brag, boast.
(C f. jtvutia,jisi/M t iic >
Gamba, n. (ina-\ scale (of
Also sometimes of any small de-
part of outer skin of an
v& mafanda, till n,
comes off. (Cf. ngaruba, and
*Gan. nbleached cotton
cloth from India, Indian grey sheet-
ings. (Cf. nguo.)
GANA
80
GARAGARA
Gana, n. or Kana, rudder-handle,
tiller. (Cf. msukani,shikio.}
Ganda, v. become hard (fixed,
congealed, curdled, frozen), get thick,
coagulate, of a liquid. Maziwa ya-
tnegandn, the milk is curdled. Mito
imeganda kwa baridi, the rivers
were frozen with the cold. (2) Stick
to, cleave to, embrace closely, clasp.
Alimganda shingoni, he clasped him
round the neck. Ps. gandwa.
Nt. gandika. Ap. gand-ia, -iwa.
Cs. gandi-sha, -shwa. (Cf. gand-
ama, gandamana, and ganda, n.)
n. (ma-\ husk, rind, shell, outer
covering of trees, plants, fruits, &c.
G. la yai, eggshell. G. la mchtmgwa,
orange peel. G. la mkate, crust of
bread. Maganda ya maziwa, curds
of milk, flakes. Maganda ya
mahindi, the sheath enclosing the
cob of Indian corn. (Cf. gamba,
also gome, kaka, kifuu, and (husk)
kapi, kumvi, kumbi.*)
Gandama, v. stick together, get
stuck, get hard, set, freeze, curdle,
coagulate. Asali imegandama na
chombo, the treacle sticks to the
vessel. Chungu zimegandama sam-
lini, the ants are stuck in the ghee
Ps. gandamwa. Naligandamwa nc
kupe, I had ticks sticking to me
Nt. gandamika. Ap. gandam-ia
-iwa, stick to, adhere, cling to, be
true to. G. chungu, stick to a cook
ing pot. G. rafiki, hold fast t<
a friend. Cs. gandam-iza, -izwa
e. g. G. mtu chini, pin a man to th
ground. Also Intens. gandamiz*
ulimwengii, cling to, take to one'
heart, the world. Rp. gandan
-ana, -anisha, e. g. maji imegandc
niana, the water is frozen hare
(St. of ganda, cf. simama, tuamc,
&c., and for similar idea shikatnanc
kazana,*shupana, pindana.)
Gando, n. (ma-), claw of lobste
(kambd) and crab (kaa\ (and perh
of the cuttlefish (pweza], but < '
mnyiri). Kaa akiinua gando m
mbo yamekafika,\f}^tn the crab raise
is claw, there is an end of the
matter. (Cf. ganda, v., and of
nimals, ukucha!)
Gandua, v. Rv. of ganda> (i)
nfasten, pull away, separate some-
ling adhering closely ; (2) fig.
escue from danger, save in a crisis,
;et out of a scrape. Ps. gandu-
iwa. Nt. ganduka. Ap. gandu-
ia, -liwa. (Cf. banduka, anilmka.}
Ganga, v. bind up, fasten to-
gether, splice, mend (what is injured
:>r broken). Hence esp. of doctors'
vork generally, ' apply remedy, cure,
ieal.' Ganga mguu, put a leg in
plints. G.jeraha, bandage a wound.
G. tumbo, attend to the stomach.
gangwa. Nt. gangika, i. e. be
cured, be curable. Ap. gang-ia,
iwa. Cs. gang-is ha, -ishwa.
\^.gangana. (Cf. mganga,uganga t
mgango, gango, kigango, and of treat-
ment, alika, uguza).
Gango, n. (ma-}, appliance for
aolding together what is separate or
severed, cramp, brace, splint, splice,
oining, patch. Dim. kigango.
(Cf. ganga.}
Gani, a. interrog. of what sort,
what kind of, what? never used
without a noun preceding. Kitti
gani? What is it? Sababu ganiJ
Why? Ginsigani? How? Wakati
gani? When? Mahaligani? Where?
Habari gani? What is the news?
How are you? Mtu gani always
suggests primarily ' a man of what
tribe (place, or country).'
Ganzi,n. ( , and ma-\ deadness,
numbness. Mguu imekufa g., my
foot is asleep (benumbed). Often of
the teeth, tia (fanya) g. la mcno,
set the teeth on edge. Meno yafanya
ganzi, my teeth are set on edge.
*Garafuu, n. (also written garo-
fuu, karafwi), cloves, the flower-bud
of the mgarafuu, the most valuable
and abundant article of commerce in
Zanzibar and Pemba (except cocoa-
nuts). (Ar. karamful.}
Garagara, v. See Gaagaa.
OARI
81
-GEUZI
*Oari, n. (wa-) an y vehicle on
\\ heels,cart,waggon , carriage, barrow,
ulator, bicycle. Also g. la
tnoshi, locomotive (or other
engine. G. fa pcpo, bicycle. Hind.
"Gasia, n. See Qhasia. (Ar.)
Gauka, Gauza, v. See Geuka,
Geuza.
Gawa, v. place in parts (pieces,
portions, shares), divide up, dis-
tribute, deal out. G. chakula, appor-
tion food. G. karat a, deal (playing)
1' -. gawiwa. Xt. gawika.
u'-ia, -iwa. Cs. gaw-isha,
Rp. gawana, e. g. nta-
kachopata ttttagatvana sawasaicu
tnimi naive, whatever you get, we
will go halves in, you and I. Also
gawanya, which see. (Cf. gawio,
mgawo?)
Gawanya, v. place in parts, ap-
portion, divide, share, distribute,
prop, of mutual arrangement or
equal rights, gawa rather of the act
iticial, superior, or benefactor,
s^iwanye; gawa wee, let us
have a division; do you act as
^awanywa. Nt
-ika, -ikia, -ikiwa, be divided,
Rp. gaivanyikana.
Ap. ga: ::i'a, -iana. Cs.
gawany-isha, -ishwa, -isht
<'a, kigawanyo, and
lfng t j, put apart.)
Gawio, n. ma-), division, appor-
n maga-
thc critical point is in the-
>n (of spoils). (Cf. gawa,
gaittanya, mgawo.)
Gema, v. get palm-wine.
. gema mnati, of cut-
ting the growing flower sten
lit tree, from which the sap
flows into a calabash fastened to it.
Also used of getting india-rubber by
cutting a plant or tree, gem
A apt. is used (kotama).
Ap. gem-ta, -wa.
Cs. gem-cshi: mploy (allow,
coanut
trees. (Cl ,-tama. tcmbo.
Krapf quotes a native description of
the whole process.)
Genge, n. (ma-), cliff, precipice,
ravine, deep ditch. Ukijika gengcni,
jihathari, when you come to the
steep place, be careful.
-geni, a. (ngeni with D 4 (P),
D 6, geni with D 5 (S)), strange,
foreign, novel, outlandish, extra-
ordinary, queer, curious. Jambo geni,
a strange occurrence. Maneno ya
kigeni, a foreign language. (Cf.
. and syn. -f>ya, ajabu.'}
*Gereza, n. prison, fort used a>
a prison, barrack. Tia (weka,fun^a,
peleka) gtrezani, put in }>rison. Toa
(JtiHgiia, ondoa] gerezani, let out of
prison. (?Portug. Cf. syn. /;-
fungo, minyororo^)
*Gesla, n. also Gezla. See
Jizla.
Geua, v. change, make different,
alter. Ndiye ajigeuaye nyoka, it is
he who changes himself into a
The Cs. gfuza (see below is usual
in /. in this sense. Ps. geuliu-a.
Nt. geuka, (i) be changed, be change-
able, be alterable, alien (2) change
po>ition, turn oneself, turn round ;
(3) change in appearance, be trans-
formed, be disguised. Aligeuka aka-
mivona, he turned round and saw him.
Amegeuka rnivngirii \ lu- has Income
another pers^ P.. Hence
~iwa, turn to from, for, at, &c.).
Ap. geu-h'a, -/iwa. Cs. gfu-*a,
-swa, -:/'a, -ziwa, -tana, cause to
change, alter, make tlilit:
ill, &C.
c of geuta and badili,
-ec Badili. Cf. -gcuti, -geu, ma-
gfuu.}
-geugou, a. changeable,
wayward. Mambo ya kigt*gtu, con-
'unges. (Cf. geua.)
Geu/ iigntti,
change, alteration, s!..
transformation.
-geun
settled, always changing. (Cf.
GHAFALA
82
GHASIA
except apart from without r
theprow -
7
OHATHABIKA
83
GINSI
I found the house empty, there was
no stir or hum of people inside.
i^Ar. Cf. syn. rnchafuko, rnashaka.}
'Ghathabika, v. be furious, be
enraged, be in a passion. Cs.
ghathabi-sha, -shwa, exasperate, en-
rage, provoke. (Ar. Q.ghathabu,
and syn. kasirika?)
*Ghathabu, n. rage, fur}-, passion,
anger, exasperation, used with such
verbs v& fanya, ana, ingia, also in-
gitua (na , shikwa (na), fmtwa (no).
Ana gh. ya kwenda, he goes at a
furious rate. Mwtnyi gh. mMe yoke
amesimama shttani, a man in a pas-
sion has a devil before him. (Ar.
Cf. syn. hasira^ uchungu!)
*Ghoflra, n.fw/7-), pardon, forgive-
ness of sins, absolution, used only
of God. Gho/ira ya thambi, pardon
of sins. (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn.
in a more general sense, usatnehe,
masamaha, ondoleo, maachilio.)
*Ghoflri, v. forgive, pardon, ab-
solve. See Ghoflra. Y&.ghofiriwa.
Nt. ghofirika. A p. ghofiria^ grant
:icss to. Afttungu amtmgko-
firia thambi zake, God has absolved
him from his sins. Cs.ghofin-sha,
(Ar. Cf. ghofira, setiri,
. achilia, fungitlia, ondolea?)
*Gh6rofa, n. upper story,
room. See Orofa. (Ar.)
Ghoahi, v. adulterate, falsify,
debase. Amtghoski fetha k
nya na kit. he has
debased the silver by mixing it with
something else, a common practice
Ps. ghoshiwa. A
choghoshiwa, an adulterated article.
hanganya.}
Ghubari, n. ma-' , rain cloud.
.< whole
sky is oks rainy. (Ar.
gu.)
*Ghubba, n. (ma-), a ba>
sea, also of the ' sweep, cun
of a river, the concave aspect.
(Ar. Cf. for curve, tm ,
\i?.)
*Ghumia, v. be overwhelming (to),
C
tx perplexed (at), be taken aback,
lose presence of mind. Ps.ghnmi-
wa, in same sense. Ametokewa na
wain atncghnntiwa, some people
came on him suddenly, and he v
taken aback. Cs.ghnm-isha,-ishwa.
Ar. Cf. ghawmu, or hem it, grief,
and syn. shangaa, tckewa?)
*Ghururi, n. and Ugh-, arro-
gance, self-conceit, infatuation, folly,
blindness. Mtu kuyu amcpat-wa na
gkururi ya Mlimwcngu, this man is
the victim of worldly delusion.
(Ar. Cf. syn. kibnri\ ufithuli.}
*Ghurnrika, v. also Ghurika,
be proud, be arrogant. (Ar. Cf.
ghuntri.}
*Ghusubu, v. deceive, cheat,
swindle, betray. Sultani alighusubu
haki ya tnaskini, the king betrayed
the rights of the poor man. (Ar.
Cf. common danganya, kopa, funja t
&c.)
*Gidamu, n. small leather thong
in a sandal, passing between the toes
from sole to cross-piece, and holding
it on the foot. (?Ar. Ct.tft&*.)
*Gilgilani, n. coriander seed,
used in curry powder. (Hind.)
*Ginsi, n. also Jinsi, and Jisi,
kind, sort, quality, (i) often com-
bined with gani, as a general in-
terrogative. Gituigan: Iiy?
} What is the meaning of it ?
(i) Also often followed by -vys intro-
ducing a dependent n-lvcrhial
tence, i. e. as a conjunction, ' the
r in which, thr way in which,
how, in what way.' Alimwainbi.j&nsi
alivyofanya, he told him what he
had done, or, how he had acted.
(3) Also often as an interj. with
njtm.i
ginsi . wonderfully good.
(4) (ii- ii also used wit:
anadj
ful, nondc--. .^otis, extrava-
gant.
these statements are quite absi
there is nothing to be made of t!
2
GISI
84
GONGA
(Ar. the Egyptian dialect, viz. g for/
Cf. syn. namna, aina.}
Gisi, v. guess, &c. See Kisi.
Giza, n. (used as D 5 and D 6, and
also kiza as D 3), darkness, gloom,
blackness (but not, like wettsi, used
of the colour black). Tia giza,
darken. Giza ya (or, Id} usiku, the
darkness of night. Macho yake yaona
giza, his eyes are dim. Kiza kikubwa
(kipevu), deep darkness, utter dark-
ness. (Cf. kiza, and syn. weusi}
Goboa, v. also Koboa, break off
with the hand, a cob (kibunzi} of
Indian corn, pluck the ears of maize.
Also of cleaning cotton, and of re-
moving the stem of a clove bud,
leaving the kiini or seed, i. e. gara-
fun hugobolewa. *>. gobolewa. Ap.
gobo-lea, -/ewa. (Cf. konyoa,chambua,
fujua, and muhindi.}
*Godoro, n. (ma-}, a mattress.
Gofla, n. pulley, such as is at-
tached to the rope (henza} which
hoists the yard in a native sailing
vessel. (Cf. kapi, abedari.}
-gofu, a. (gofu with D 4 (P), D 5
(S), D 6), emaciated, broken down,
in ruins, skin and bone. Kigofu, in
an emaciated, &c., state. Nyama
gofu or kigofit, a wretched, starved
animal. Also as n. in such phrases
as gofa la mtu, an emaciated person ;
gofu la nyumba, a tumble -down,
ruinous house. (Cf. follg.)
Gofua, v. emaciate, wear out the
strength of, reduce to a skeleton (or,
to ruins). Also Cs. gofusha in same
sense. Marathi imemgofusha, illness
has broken him down. (Cf. gofu',
and syn. kondesha, ^onda.}
Gogo, n. (ma-}, (i) log, trunk of
a tree when felled, e.g. gogo la
mnazi, of a cocoanut tree. Also
fig. lala kigogo, sleep (lie) like a log,
i e. motionless, in a dead sleep.
Dim. kigogo. (2) Used of a large
and long drum (ngoma}.
Gogota, v. knock at, tap, hammer
at. G. mlango, knock hard at a
door. G. vijili, hammer pegs (redupl
form of Gota, which sec. Cf. gongn,
bisha.} n. a kind of woodpecker.
Also kigogota.
Gole, n. (ma-}, small pellet of
opium (afiuni) prepared for smok-
ing (Cf. gole, expectorated matter,
Kr.)
Goma, n. (ma-}, a large drum.
(Cf. ngoma, kigoma}
Gomba, v. (i) gainsay, contradict,
forbid ; (2) argue (with), quarrel
(with), wrangle. Anagomba na
mkewe, he is squabbling with his
wife. Ap. gomb-ea, -ewa, -eka,
argue (for, against, at, &c.), press a
claim. Gombea ngazi, quarrel over
the gangway. Gombea daraja, stand
up for one's rank (position, status".
Alitukamva kwa sababu wewe kuku-
gombea, he was abused, because he
stood up for you. Cs: gomb-eza,
-ezwa, -ezika, (i) strictly forbid ;
(2) make quarrel, make a quarrel,
scold. Gombezika, be blameworthy,
deserve scolding. Tumegombeziva
tusiende (or, kwenda}, we are for-
bidden to go. Rp. gomb-ana, quar-
rel with each other, squabble.
ugomvi, -gomvi, ngombezi, mgombezt,
and syn. teta, bisha, nenea, and
'forbid' kataza.} n. (ma-}, leaf
of the banana plant (mgomba}, i. e.
\jani la mgomba. See Mgomba.
Gombo, n. (ma-}, leaf (sheet) of
a book, gombo la chuo.
Gome, n. (ma-} and perh. Kome,
the hard external covering of trees
and some animals, bark, shell. Am-
bua (tod} magome, take off strips of
bark. Used of shell of crustaceans,
lobster, &c., also of mollusca (cf.
home], and as a colloquial word for
half rupee, or shilling, ' bob. (Cf.
ganda, generally of soft outer cover-
'ing, ngozi, \.,1kome.}
Gonda, v. grow thin. See Konda.
Gonga, v. beat, strike, knock.
Gonga mlango, knock at a door. Ps.
eongwa. Ap. gong-ca, -ewa, -eana.
' Kugongeana bilatiri, to strike glasses
together in drinking healths.
GONGO
85
GUGU
Rp. go.
: srnbo rinagongana, the
dhows are colliding. (Cf. gongo,
mgongo, and syn. goto, bis ha, fua,
piga, chapa, &c.)
Gongo, n. (ma-"), (i) a thick,
-tick, cudgel, club, bludgeon
(for other kinds, see Bakora). Also
of other thick things, e. g. (2) seam
(in a dress) ; (3) hump (of a camel),
of. nundu ; (4) dense wood, thicket,
gongo la rnwt'tu, where trees are
thickest in a forest (Cf. mgongo,
gonga.)
Gongoja, v. See Kongoja.
Gongomea, v. hammer, give blows
to, drive with blows, as rivets, nails,
pegs, stakes, &c., and so 'nail up.'
Ps. gongomtwa, fasten up. Akazi-
gongomca nguo katika bwcta, and he
nailed up his clothes in a box.
gonjwa, a. sick, ill, unwell, in-
disposed. U mgonj-wa ao rnzima '.'
Are you ill or well ? Huyu ni
mgonjwa sana, this man is very ill,
a great invalid. (Cf. ugonjiva, gonj-
and cf. -weli.}
Gonjweza, v. Cs. cause to be
ill, make ill or sick. Jigonjweta,
pretend to be sick, sham sickness,
behave as if sick. Ps. gonjwezwa.
Cf. follg.)
Gora, n. (ma-), also Jora, and
commonly Jura, .1 length of calico,
..i the piece (of about 30 to 35
Gorong'ondwa, n. a kind of
lizard (Str.). Cf. mjusi. (There U
perh. alto a verb gorongonda, work
about with a zigzag moven
*Oos ndward
or weather side, in navigation ; also
called upandc wa juu t upper side.
side. Upandc wa
, weather side, windward.
. (chombo) Inva gosh;<
about, bout ship. Enda got At, sail
near the wind. Coshi la tonga, the
forward part of the sail in
>ce Tanga. A".;//,i
gosfli, (i) be and so
(2) fig. have an advantage over, have
the best position as to. Huyu
kalia goshi, this man has the better
position, menaces your safety.
Gota, v. knock, tap, rap, strike.
Goto, mlango, tap at a door. Also
Gotagota, of drumming on an instru-
ment, and Gogota, which see. Ps.
gotwa. Nt. goteka. Ap. got-ea,
-ewa. Cs. got-cza, -ezwa, cause to
knock, e.g. goteza maneno, of ill-
pronounced, broken speech, the oppo-
site of fluent speaking. Gotagota
rnaneno, of jumbling words of diffe-
rent dialects together. Rp.gvtana,
like gongana, e. g. vyombo vina-
gotana, the dhows are knocking to-
gether. (Cf. tngoto, and syn. gonga,
piga.fua, bisha, &c.)
Goti, n. (nta-}, knee. Piga magoti,
kneel down.
Govi, n. also Ngovi, but in /..
Ngozi, which see. Cavi mbco, pre-
puce, condition of being uncircum-
cised.
Guba, n. (wa-), packet of aromatic
leaves (of mkadi, and other kinds\
sold for their perfume. Cf. kiguba.
(\V\s\. ghubba, kuba^}
*Gubari, n. (ma-}. See Ghubari,
and Wingu.
*Gubeti, n. prow of a native ves-
sel ; head, figure-head, often project-
ing far in front, and ornamentctl with
il>ed as kikono (ha
omo, as being like a hand held out
from the bow. (Cf. omo, /*,.
and contr. shetri, stern.)
Gubi, n. (ma'), leaf stalk of cocoa*
nut tree (mnazi). ^,
ma-), doc-'..
(Cf. gadi, and rnajahafra* lit. sup-
ports, props.)
Gudulia, n. (w<2-), pitcher, po-
rous water jar, water-cooler of car t hen -
ware. Dim.
.1.)
Gugu,n.(wtf-),weed,i;
wild plant nl no value. <
a plant irsc-mMing con:
magngHtti, sleep in the busl.
GUGUMIZA
80
GTTNIA
a!so as indeclin. adj. (like inwitii),
wild, uncultivated, from the jungle.
(Cf. kigitgu.)
Gugumiza, v. gulp, gulp down,
swallow with a gurgling sound, splut-
ter in the water, as a swimmer in
rough water, or man out of his
depth ; also of defective utterance.
Mgonjwa amegugumiza maji kwa
shidda, the sick man has swallowed
some water with an effort. Agugu-
miza maneno, he talks in a jerky,
spluttering way. (Cf. goteza^)
Guguna, v. (i) gnaw, bite at;
(2) carp at, annoy, molest. Panya
ameguguna muhogo, a rat has gnawed
the cassava. Ps. gugunwa. Mtu
aniegugunwa na jisi, the man has
been gnawed by a hyaena. Nt. gu-
gunika. Ap. gugun-ia, -iwa. Cs.
gugun-iza, -izwa. (Cf. tafuna,
? guna, and perh. a verb gug-unua,
carp at, annoy, molest.)
Gugurusha, v. also heard as
gumgiisha, of movement, producing
a rustling or scraping sound, as of a
rat, rustle about, shuffle along, rattle
about. (Cf. syn. piga mtakaso and
fund'uta.}
Guguta, n. cob or ear of Indian
corn, with the grains removed. (Cf.
nnthindi and kigunzi?)
Guia, v. and Guya, seize, catch,
hold. Guia nyama, catch an animal
in a trap. Ps. guiwa. Cs. gtti-
za, -zwa. Rp. gut-ana. (Cf.
shika, nasa, kamata, all more used
inZ.)
Gumba, n. kidolc cha gumba,
thumb. (? Mtu gumba, a solitary,
childless, or sterile person.)
Gumegume, n. bundukiya gume-
gume, a flint-gun. (Cf. bunduki,
and perh. -gumu.}
-gumu, a. (tigttmu with D 4 (P),
D 6, gttmu with D 5 (S)), (i) hard,
tough, firm, solid, strong. (Contr.
-ororo, laini, thaifu.} Boriti hii
ngumu kama c/iuma, this pole is as
hard as iron. (2) Hard to deal with,
difficult, laborious, puzzling. (Contr.
rahisi, -epesi.} Kazi n^nnm, hard
work. (3) Brave, resolute, stout-
hearted, courageous, obstinate, self-
willed, fixed, unyielding. Mbona
wewe mgumu sana . ? Why will you not
change your mind? (cf. syn. hodari,
thabiti, -kali). (4) Inexorable, cruel,
hard-hearted. (Contr. -ema, -pole,
-a huruma.}
Guna, v. (i) grunt, grumble, mur-
mur; (2) express disapproval, indig-
nation, contempt, ' protest, complain,
sneer at.' Boat hi ya watu wana-
mguna, some of the people sneer at
him. (Cf. mguiw, guno, tiling u-
nika.}
Gunda, n. (ma-), a horn used for
blowing. Dim. kigunda. (In Z.
commonly pembe, baragumu,}
*Gundi, n. gum-arabic.
Gundua, v. come upon unexpect-
edly, take by surprise, catch unawares,
startle, start (a wild animal from its
lair). Ps. gunduliwa. Nt. gu-
nduka. Pvp.gundu-lia, steal upon,
approach secretly, stalk (cf. nyc-
melea). Cs. gundu-lisha, -lishwa,
-liza. Rp.gunduana. (Cf.stu-
sha, stuka, and fumania, nyentelea.}
Gunga, v. use (native) medicine
(uganga, dawa) to secure health,
safety, well being. Jigttnga, secure
oneself, take precautions for safety
by charms, medicine, &c., i.e. native
form of life insurance.
Gungu, n. (ma-"), a mode of danc-
ing, a figure in a dance, e. g. gungu
la kukwaa, the stumbling figure ;
gungu la kufunda, the pounding
figure.
*Guni, n. (tna-~), (i) a matting
bag used for dates. Dim. kiguni.
Also used to describe unrhymed or
blank verse, mashairi yenyi gttni, as
opp. to rhymed poetry, mashairi
yenyi vina. (2) A carpenter's spoke-
shave. (Hind. Guni of poetry
may come from the name of a
famous Pemba poet, Guni.}
*Gunia, n. (ma-\ (i) a coarse
bag or sack used chiefly for rice im-
OTJNO
87
ported from India, &c. Also (2) the
material of which it is made, sack-
cloth.
Quno, n. (ma-), grunt, grumble,
sound expressive of indignation or
contempt. (Cf. guna, mguno.}
Ounzi, n. (ma-), full-grown ear,
or cob, of Indian com (nmhindi).
(Cf. kigunzi, and kibunzi.)
Quru, n. Sttkali guru, a coarse
unrefined kind of sugar made from
the cane, as in Z., and sold in large
dark -coloured lumps.
*Gurudumu, n. ( , and ma-}, a
wheel. Used in the plur. of any
vehicle of which the wheels are con-
spicuous. (Cf. gari.) MaguruJutnu
ya mzinga, a gun carriage.
Ouruguru, n. (ma-}, and Mguru-
guru, a large kind of burrowing
lizard. (Cf. m/usi, kenge.}
Qurugusha, v. a variant of Gugu-
rusha, which see.
Ouruta, v. smooth with a press, put
through the rollers of a mangling ma-
chine, mangle, of clothes and linen
generally. Guru fa nguo hi~
mangle these clothes properly. Ps.
a. Nt. gurutika. Ap.
,;, -two, Sina cha kugunitia,
I have no mangling machine. Cs.
gurut-isha t -isAwa.
Guaa, v. touch, finger, handle with
the fingers. Ts.guswa. Nt.^w-
sika. A p. gus-ia t -iwa. Kp.
Cf. t omasa, papas a, bo-
ny e 3 ha)
Outa, v. bawl, shout, cry out.
1 .
(Cf. syn. /fa, figa kelele.)
Outu, n. (wa-), stum;
G. la tnkono, stumj <>f mutilated arm.
/:/', trunk of
cocoanut tree with the crown broken
off. Also dim. kigulu. (Cf. sHiku,
baki t salio.}
Outua, v. or Kutim, startle,
surprise. Nt gutuka.
e common
Quu, n. 'w<j-'., used of any object
resembling a leg (foot), or of a leg
(foot) of large size, but in 7 .
is always used of the leg (foot) of an
animal or man. Ubau wa maguu
matatu, a three-legged stool, tripod.
Gwanda, n. also Bwanda. a
short kind of kanzu (which see),
sometimes worn by men, reaching to
the knees.
*Gwaride, n. (ma-\ one of the
words used in Z. for the 'native
police,' and esp. their military band,
called also mdundo, niatarumpcta.
Kiuheza gwaride, to drill. (Cf.
Engl. guard.}
H.
H represents generally the same
sound as in English, a sound which
is of great importance in verb-forms
in Swahili, as being the main charac-
teristic of the negative conjugation.
In words of Arabic origin, this
sound represents both forms of Arabic
//, and also in most words the
Arabic A'A. The tendency in Swa-
hili is to soften down all gutturals to
the point of disappearance, though
they are learnt and retained in M>UH
words of comparatively recent intro-
duction and by persons brought into
close relations with Arabs. // also
represents in a few words an initial
Alif or A in in the Arab v:
and when an h sound in Ara
\owel closely, the temi
Swahili is to pronounce it before the
vowel.
A word not found under // ma\
therefore be looked for under A7/, or
under the first vowel of the \\
H- (i) is the characteristic of the
a. and adv. dcmonstrat. of r,
this, thU i '
nch appears
(followed always by the same
as occurs in the t liable
in huyu, Aw<i, HHH, Ait, hizi, Aiti,
.7, Auj'a, huku,
corresponding forms
HA
88
HADITHI
huyo y &c. (See esp. Huko, and
Huyu, and cf. the other characteristic
demonstr. letter Z.) (2) As a nega-
tive prefix, is found only in the
2 and 3 Pers. S. of verb-forms. See
Ha- and Hu-.
Ha, a verb-form, he (she) is not,
negative prefix used in agreement
with Mtu. Yeye ha mwema, he is
not good. Si is usually preferred to
ha.
Ha- is the characteristic negative
prefix of all verb-forms, except (i)
where si is used, i. e. in the I Pers. S.
of the Indie. Mood, in the Subjunc-
tive, and in verb-forms containing a
relative, e. g. si-pendi, I do not like ;
asiende, that he may not go ; yasi-
yopendeza, things which do not please.
(2) Where it becomes h- only, i. e. in
the 2 and 3 Pers. S., e.g. h-u-pendi
for ha-upendi, you do not like, and
h-a-pendi for ha-apendi, he does not
like ; ( 3) when an additional sign of the
negative is required, viz. the change
of final a to z, in the Present Indica-
tive only, e. g. hawapendi, they do
not like. Ha-, as Negative Prefix,
is always initial.
Ha- is also a contraction for nika-,
the sign of the First Person Singular
in the ka or Narrative Tense. Ha-
mivona for nikamivona, and I saw
him. (Confusion with the negative
is barred by the change of final a to i
in the Present Tense, see above, e. g.
ham-wont, he does not see him, or
you (plur.) do not see.)
*Haba, a. (i) little (in quantity),
few; (2) rare, scarce ; (3) not enough,
deficient, too little, short (in amount).
Chakula h., not enough food. Mtu
h., a rare kind of man. Siku h., a
few days, insufficient time. Maji h.,
shallow water, not enough water.
Sometimes used as a n., 'a little' of
anything. (Cf. kidogo.} Haba na
haba hujaza kibaba, grain upon
grain fills the measure. (Cf. Ar.
haba, a grain, and syn. B. -chache,
kidogo, kitambo?)
*Habari, n. and Khabari, (i)
news, report, message, information ;
(2) events, matters, proceedings,
things. Common in salutations, of
persons meeting, e.g. Habari ? or
Habari gani? How are you? How are
you getting on ? or Habari ya siku
nyingi? How have you been of late?
Niambie h. yake, tell me about him.
Kwa h. ya jambo lile, as to that
matter. H. zangu zilizonipata, things
that happened to me. Ginsi gani
kutufanya h. He? What did you
treat us like that for? (Ar. Cf.
hubiri, and syn. maarifa, tarifu,
jambo?)
*Habba, n. (ma-}, and Hubba,
(i) love, fondness, affection ; (2)
love-token, souvenir, gift. Of natural
affection of friends and relatives, as
well as of the sexes. Tia habbani,
take a fancy to. Ana habba nami,
he is in love with me. Hanifitnulii
habba, he does not open his feelings
to me. Amenitoka habbani, I have
ceased to care for him. (Ar. Cf.
common address in letters, muhebbi,
and syn. fendo, mapenzi, shauku.')
Habeshia, n. (ma-}, also Mhabe-
shia, Habushia, an Abyssinian.
Used also of female domestic slaves
of the suria class, of whatever race.
*Hadaa, v. cheat, deceive, outwit.
Ps. hadaiwa. Nt. hadaika, be
deceived. n. deception, cun-
ning, trickery, &c. (Ar. Cf.
danganya, punja, kalamkia, &c.,
also hila, ujanja, werevu.}
*Hadimu, n. (ma-\ servant, at-
tendant, slave. In Z. usually Mha-
dimu, which see, i.e. one of the
original inhabitants of the island.
(Cf. hudumu, Mhadimu, and syn.
mtumishi, mtumiva, mngoje.)
*Hadithi, v. narrate, tell stories,
relate, describe, recount, report.
Ps. hadithiiva. Ap. hadith-ia,
-iwa, tell to (for, about, in, &c.), e. g.
pamehadithiwa vingi, there^ are
many stories told about the place.
Tumehaditkiwa, we have been told,
HAFIFU
80
HAKI
history relates. n. story, tale,
account, report, history, legend,
fiction. Ni hadithi tu, it is only
. mere fiction. (Ar. Cf.
sumutia, and habari, kisa, ngano.)
*Hafifu, a. trifling, insignificant,
poor in quality, valueless, frivolous.
Mtu h., a person of no consequence.
Nguo h., calico of inferior quality.
Koho h., a light, flighty, wayward
disposition. (Ar. Cf. syn. -nyonge,
dunij -dogo, rafiisi.)
*Hai, a. or Hayi, alive, living,
having life, animate. Yu hai, he is
alive. (Ar. Cf. uhai, huika,
huisha, and syn. U. -zima.)
Hai, a verb-form, it is not, they
are not, Negat. Pfx. with Pers.
Pfx. agreeing with D 2 (P) or D 6
See Ha-.
*Haiba, n. beauty, adornment,
decoration. Mwanamkt ana h. uso
he woman has beautified her
face. H. inaingia sasa nyumbani,
the house is becoming decorated now.
' i,/>amt>o, nrembo.}
10, verb-form, it has not (is
not), they have not (are not), the
Xegat. Pfx. with Pcrs. Pfx. agreeing
with D a (P) and D 6 (S), and na.
ila-, Na.
*Haini. n. traitor, betrayer, de-
reiver. Also rarely as v., betray.
Ar. Cf. hiana, and for deceiving,
.see Danganya.)
*Haithuru. v. often used as, it
does not matter, never mind, it is all
the same. (Sec Thuru, and syn.
mamoja.')
*Haj, n. pilgrimage to Mecca,
where possible, and often undci taken
haj, to go as a
nilgrin
to Mecca.
\.
*Haja, n. (i) need, want, appeal
i, request; (a) reason, cause,
I, excuse, ' Mt ; (3)
what is needed, necessaries, belong-
ings, engage; Is of nature.
Toa h. hva, taka h. kwa, make a
request to, request something of.
Stna h. naye, I have no need of him,
he is of no use to me. II ana h,, he
is not wanted. Haina /;. ya ku-
gombana, there is no reason for
quarrelling. Mabdghala ya kttpakia
h. zake, mules to carry his baggage.
Kwa h. ya kntcmbca, for the sake of
a walk. Fanya h , attend to the
calls of nature. (Ar. Cf. hitaji,
hoji, hoja or huja, and syn. for 'need,'
&c. mahitaji) maombi, ukosefu, for
'reason, &c.' sababu, ajili, maana,
sharti, for ' necessaries ' riziki,
ma/aa, vyombo, &c.)
Hajambo, verb-form, Negat. Pfx.
of 3 Pers. S. combined with
jambo, thing, affair, matter, he is
not (affected by) anything, there is
nothing the matter with him. See
Jambo.
*Haji, n. (i) also Haj, a pil-
grimage to Mecca, see Haj; (2)
(ma-), a pilgrim, one who is on his
way to or has been to Mecca ; and
(3) more generally of an adherent of
any religion. Mahaji ya kizungn,
people who follow the European
religion. v. also Hiji, Heji,
make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Ap.
haj-ia t -iwa. Atanihajia mahali
pangu, he will make the pilgrimage
for me. Cs. haj-isha, -ishwn, send
as a pilgrim, allow to go, :
means for, &c. (Ar. Cf. haj.
Dist. haji, he does not come, i.e.
IroinyW, v.)
*Hajiri, v. remove (from), leave,
emigrate, m
the common B. syn. hania.)
Hakali, n. or Hikali. payment
for privilege, e.g. kushika ha&ali,
force to make a deposit, or pay foot-
ing, at a stranger intruding, &c.
(Arab, higdl.)
Haki, n. (i) justice, right, law-
fulness. Mtu wa h., a just man.
;//y) /4., be jus
justly, (a) In general, absoh
tier, righteousness. .' '
HAKI
90
HALI
mwenyi h. , G od is the Righteous One.
(3) In particular, a claim, a right, a
privilege, a just share. Nipe h.yangu,
give me my wages, what I have a
right to. Killa myenyi h. amwiaye
fitllani, any one who has a claim as
creditor of so and so. Enda hakini,
appeal to the law. Nakuuliza kwa
haki, I have a right to ask you. (Ar.)
Haki, verb-form, it is not. (Cf.
hai.}
*Hakika, n. certainty, reality, gen-
uineness, fact, truth. Mambo haya ni
h., these are facts. H. yako, truth
as to you, you certainly, e.g. h. yako
umek'osa, you are certainly wrong.
Sina h. na/o, I am not sure about
it. As adv. truly, certainly, really.
(Ar. Cf. hakiki, halisi, kweli.}
*Hakiki, v. make sure about, as-
certain, investigate, prove, know for
certain. Ps. hakikiwa. Nt
hakikika, e. g. haihakikiki, certainty
is unattainable. Ap. hakik-ia, -iwa
inquire into (about, for, at). _ Cs
hakik-isha, -ishwa, cause to inves
tigate, make a strict inquiry, have a
matter gone into. (Ar. Cf. ha
kika.}
"Hakirnu, n. (ma-}, judge, ruler
chief. H. wetu anayetumiliki, ou
chief who rules over us. H. hapen
delei mtu, the judge favours no one
(Ar., not often used in Z., cf. hukiunn
and Ihekima, and syn. sultani
mfalme,jumbe, fumu, kathi.}
*Hakiri, v. treat with contempt
despise, abase. Cs. hakir-isha
-is/iwa, e.g. as Intens., vilify, scorn
(Arab, for common tharau, tweza
thilisha.}
Hako, verb- form, also Hayuko
he (she) is not there (is away,
absent), Negat. Pfx. of 3 Pers. S
ha agreeing with D i (S), and Loca
Pfx. ko. (So hayuko, hapo, ham
&c.)
Haku-, as first part of a verb-form
is the Negat. Pfx. with ku, which
this combination may be (i) sign
Past Tense Negat., e.g. hakupendez
e did not please, or (2) pfx. agreeing
ith Infin. Mood, e. g. kulala haku-
endezi, lying down is not pleasant,
r (3) pfx. of general reference, e. g.
akupendezi, the circumstances are
npleasant, or (4) Pers. Pfx. of 2 Pers.
. object, or P. object (with -em}, e.g.
akttpendi, hakupendeni, he does not
ke you.
Hakuna, verb-form, often used as
mple negative no, not so, it is not,
Negat. Pfx. ha-, with ku of general
eference or agreeing with an Infin.
Mood, and na, which see.
amna, hapana, and for Negat. la,
iyo.}
*Hal, n. Hal waradi, otto of
oses> one of the favourite and most
ostly perfumes in Z. (Ar.)
*Halafu,adv. afterwards, presently,
not yet, after a bit. Also commonly
lalafu yake, afterwards. Always of
ime. (Ar. Cf. baada, baadaye,
bado kidogo, and nyuma}
*Halali, a. lawful, permissible,
allowed, rightful, optional, avail-
able, ceremonially clean. Mke wake
h., his lawful, wedded wife. //.
kwenda, you may go if you like.
Kwiba si h.,\\. is unlawful to steal.
Also as a n., h. yako, it is right for
you, you may. Kichwa changu h.
yako, my head is at your mercy.
(Ar. Cf. halalisha, and hiyari.
Contr. haramu, and dist. verb-form
halali, he does not lie down, from lala.}
*Halalisha, v. Cs. make lawful,
legalize, declare right, free from legal
or ceremonial objections or disabili-
ties. Muhammadi haktthalalisha
nyama ya nguruwe, Mohammed did
not sanction pork (as food). Ps.
halalishwa. (Ar. a. halali.}
*Halasa, n. sailor's wages, i.e.
ujira iva waanamaji.
*Hali, n. state, condition, circum-
stances, case. A common form of
address is Ilali gani? or U halt
gani? How are you? (Cf. Habari,
Jambo, Salaam.} Kwa killa h., in
any case. H. moja na, on same side
HALI
91
-HAMISHI
>ame views as, a follower of.
}'u h. yetu, he is one of us. If. ya
kttwa ukiwa, a state of desertion,
desolation, of a woman abandoned
by her husband. (Ar. Cf. mahali,
pahali.}
Hali, verb-form, it is not, Negat.
agreeing with D 5 (S). Cf. hai.
(Dist. kali, he does nor eat, Negat.
:it, from /a.) *
*Halifu, v. (i) oppose, contradict,
rebel (against), disobey. //. nifalwc,
or kwa nifaltne, rebel against the
king. H. sheria, transgress the law.
Amenihalifu sana, he violently op-
posed me. (a) Leave behind, esp. at
death, i.e. taqueath. Andika mali
yote aliyohalifu fullani, make an in-
ventory of all property left by So-and-
So. Ps. halifitva. Ap. halif-ia,
halif-isha^-tshwa,
ite to disobedience, &c. a.
rebellious, disobedient, headstrong.
(Ar. Cf. for (i) -halifu, uhalifu,
;:. asi, kaidi, and B. pinga,
bisha, teta, &c., for (2) Aa/afu, and
Of ha, ri this ha.}
Halili, Halilisha. See Halali,
Halalisha.
*Halisi, a. real, genuine, true,
rate. Myaohalisi,
a true genuine Yao. Ndio halisi
. ', that is exactly what I want.
lv., exactly, perfectly, really,
of the
very best quality. (Ar. Cf. syn.
haswa, sawojawa, kweli.}
*Halua, n. a common sweetmeat,
made of flour, egg, sugar, ghee, &c.,
rought by Arabs from
it.
*Hal ya haluli,
sulphate of magnesia, Epsom salts.
Ham, verb-form, you (plur.) are
not, v
I'.'ot.j-
Hama, v. change habitation, emi-
grate, flit, remove (fri)m, to). H.
nyumi ; ;f), move from (or,
'use (town, country). Ap.
ham-ia Cs. ham-is/ia, -ish-
wa, e.g. cause to remove, eject,
banish, transport. (Cf. -hamc,
-hamishi.}
*Hamaki, v. be confounded, lose
one's wits, act foolishly. (Ar. Cf.
shangaa, toshewa, puwbaza,
tahamaki.}
*Hamali, n. (ma-}, porter, carrier,
coolie, the professional town carrier
in Z. Cf. mchuknzi, any carrier of
a parcel, or load ; mpagazi, a caravan-
porter. Merikebuya h, ,a freight vessel,
merchant ship. Gari la h., a trolley,
goods-van. (Ar. Cf. hamili, hi-
'/i, stahitmli, and syn. mpagazi,
*Hamami, n. a public bath, bath-
ing establishment. (Ar. Cf. for
room bath, birika ya knogea, kiogco.^\
"Hamarawi, n. rope attached to
lower or forward end of the yard in
a native vessel, to steady it an
in shifting, when tacking, a fore-
brace. See Foro.niili.
"Hamaya, n. protection, guardian-
ship. Usually in formal documents,
e. g. Ji hamayat al Ingercza, under
British protection, for the common
chini ya mkono wa, or mkononi niicii.
in the hands of. (Ar. Cf. syn. 15.
tnnza.)
*Hamdu, n. praise usually in
Arab formal exj :
hamdn illahi, praise to (loci. (Cf.
hitnidi, hcnidi, and syn. .r*/a.)
-hame, a. deserted, abandoned,
of place, e.g. tnahanir, pah
deserted
Mi, and syn. -kiwa.}
Hami, v. proles
Cf. hamaytt, and the comni.
Ai.)
Hamila, Hamili. SccHimilu.
JInnili.
lira, n. Icnvcu. y< a^:
<> turn sour. (St.) (Arab.
:;tnon syn. H. thafhu.}
migratory, homeless.
HAMNA
Hamna, verb-form, (i) there is not
inside, there is not, no same as
hakuna, hapana, but with m of
reference to interior, for ku, pa ; (2)
you (plur.) have not, in which m is
the Pers. Pfx. of 2 P. subject. See
Hakuna.
Hamo, verb-form, also Hayumo,
he is not within same as Hako
(which see) with mo, locative of in-
terior, for ko.
*Hamsi, n. and a., five. Rarely
used alone, for the common B. tano.
Hamsi mia, five hundred. (Arab.
Cf. hamsini, hamstashara, alhamisi."}
*Hamsini, n. and a., fifty, -a
hamsini, fiftieth. (Ar. Cf. hamsi^
*Hamstashara, n. and a., fifteen.
-a hamstashara, fifteenth. (Ar.
Cf. hanisi, ashara, and syn. B. kumi
na tano.}
*Hamu, n. grief, sorrow, distress.
Tia hainu, grieve. Fanya (ingiwa
no) hamu, he grieved. (Ar. Cf.
ghammu, and syn. huzuni, sikitiko,
majonsi, &c. Dist. hamu, haste
hurry, not often heard, cf. hima,
Tuna hainu ya kwenda zetu, we are
in a hurry to go, &c.)
*Hana, v. also Hani, mourn (with),
pay a visit of condolence (to), join in
a formal mourning. Ap. han-ia
-i-wa. Cs. hani-sha, -shwa. Rp
haniana. (Ar. Cf. matanga.)
Hana, verb-form, he (she) ha 1
not Negat. Pfx. with na, which see
Hana hitu, he has nothing. Ham
kwao, he has no home, he is a vaga
bond.
*Hanamu, a. oblique, aslant, side
ways. Kata h., cut obliquely. (C;
syn. mshathali, kombo, upande^)
*Handaki, n. ditch, trench, chan
nel (artificial). (Ar. Cf. shim
msingi.)
*Hando, n. a copper vessel, simila
to the earthenware mlungi, wit
narrow circular opening at the top
used chiefly for carrying and storin
water. (For other metal vessels c
snfuria, kitasa, kalasia.}
02 HAPO
*Hangaika, v. See Angaika.
*Hani, v. also Hana, which see.
Hanikiza, v. Cs. talk down, bear
own with loud talking, drown an
pponent's voice, bluff, prevent hear-
ng. Rp. hanikizana.
*Hanisi, a. impotent (sexually),
ffeminate, weak. (Ar.)
*Hanithi, a. ribald, foul, shame-
ess. Acha netw h. wee, stop that
ad language, will you? (Arab,
or more usual -najisi, -chafu, -baya^)
*Hanzua, n. a kind of sword
ance, commonly played after Rama-
hani.
Hao, a. pron. of reference, 3 Pers.
\ agreeing with D i (P), those
eferred to, those there. See Huyu,
andO.
Hapa, a. pron. of place, this place,
agreeing with D 7, seldom of time
or circumstances, and generally used
alone as pron. or locative adv. //.
pazuri, this is a nice place. Toka h.
hatta mjini, from here to the town.
Njoo h., come here. H. pana watu,
acre there are people. Sometimes
papa hapa, just here, on this very spot
(cf. papa). See Huyu, and cf. follg.
Hapale, a. pron. for hapa-pale,
,ust there, at that very place. (Cf.
'huyule, hivile, &c., and see Huyu,
Yule.)
Hapana, verb-form, there is not
there, there is none, no same as
hakuna, katnna, but with pa, agree-
ing with D 7, of place. Commonly
as a simple negation, like hakuna,
la, siyo.
Hapo, a. pron. of reference, agree-
ing with D 7, and like hapa com-
monly used alone, but unlike hapa,
of time as well as place, and also
more generally of circumstances.
Toka hapoi get out of that! go
along ! //. kale, in the days of old,
once upon a time, often at the begin-
ning of a story. Tangu h., tokea h.,
from long ago, ever so long. Hapo,
in that case, under the circumstances.
//. mbali, that was a different case.
HAPO
93
HARIMU
Also papo hapo, just there, at that
very place (time, crisis). (Cf. hapa,
huyo, papa.}
Hapo, verb-form, also Hayupo.
he (she) is not here, same as huko,
hamo, with locative -po for -ko, -mo.
*Hara, v. have looseness of the
bowels, suffer from frequent purging,
have diarrhoea, &c. //. damn, have
dysentery, pass blood with the stools.
Datva ya kuhara (also, ya kuha-
risha), an aperient medicine, a laxa-
tive, a purge. Cs. har-isha, -ishwa.
Chakula hiki chaniharisha, this food
me diarrhoea. (Ar.)
*Harabu, n. ( , and nta-\ one
who is destructive, a spoiler, a ruffian,
a vandal. ^hvarabit h. usiende
tftrima, the Arab is a destroyer, so
do not go to the mainland. A'azi
mbai'it h. ya nzima, bad cocoanuts
spoil the good ones. Also a. -harabu,
destructive, violent. (Ar. Cf.
haribu, uharabu.}
radali, n. mustard. (Ar.)
*Haraja, n. cost, expense, outlay,
t. (Ar. Cf. harijia, and
common syn. gharama.}
"Haraka, n. haste, hurry, bustle,
excitement, fun. Fanya h., mak<-
Eiida kwa h., foe in a hurry.
.-, haraka, haina baraka, hurry
has no blessing. Also as adv., in
a hurry, hastily, Hurriedly. (Ar.
'1 for haste, syn.
/. and for flurry, angaika,
;'vj.)
*Harakiha, v. Cs. and Hari-
kiaha, cause haste (bustle, excitc-
vc.). (Ar. Cf. haraka, ta-
! syn. Aim isa.)
utlaw, pirate, bri-
, highway robber. (Ar.
g. and syn. mtoro, pakacha,
niiu. a. forbidden, \\\
. //., an illc-
i bastard. (Ar.
: cl.gombcM,
' u, and c<>;
*Harara, n. heat, warmth, (i) of
the body, high temperature, inflam-
mation, prickly heat, rash produced
by heat. Arneshikwa na //., he is
hot, feverish. Yitna h. ya mapaja
kwa jua na nj't'a, he has a rash on
the thighs from the heat and walking.
(2) fig. hot temper, rashness, pre-
cipitancy. //. ya rnoyo, moyo wa h.,
moyo h., a passionate disposition,
quick temper. (Ar. Cf. hari, and
syn. moto, wukitto.}
*Hari, n. heat in general, and esp.
perspiration, sweat. //. ya jua, the
heat of the sun. Mwili wangit una
A., my body is hot. Toka h. t perspire.
H. zanitona, sweat drops off me.
(Ar. Cf. harara, and syn. motojosho.^
*-haribifu, a. (haribifu with D 4
(P), D 5 (S), D 6), destructive,
wasteful, prodigal, doing harm, spoil-
ing. Mharibifu wa ma/i, a spend-
thrift. (Cf. haribu, harabu, nhar-
abn, and syn. -potcvu, -bathirifn.')
*Haribu. v. injure, destroy,
damage, ruin, demoralize. //. MM*,
spoil work. //. safari, break up* an
expedition. //. inchi, devastate a
country. //. mimba, cause mis-
carriage. Jf. moyo, pervert, corrupt.
Ps. haribiwa. Nt. haribi!
several derived forms. Ajx harib-
ikia, be ruined, in respect of, suffer
loss of, and Ps. //.'/> /////:.,;, be the
victim of violence, be robbed of every-
thing, he uttd
isha, -isAit'a, inflict ruin on.
haribi kann, be liable to desn
Ap. harib-ia, -t'wa, -tana. Cs.
^hwa. (A
angamiza, pottta.)
incur o.
(Ar.
;'l the more u^r
ni, and cf. kifintn, /,/
Harimu, v. make illegal,
unlawfi;
communicate.
A p. harimia, forbid to,
HARIRI
94
HATHARI
wrong for, &c. Cs. harvn-nlia
ishiva, often Intens. and so instead
of the Tr. Jiarimu, declare illegal,
according to Mahommedan law.
Harimisha mtn kitu, interdict some
one from something. Tnmeharinii-
shwa kileo, we are forbidden intoxi-
cants. n. (ma-), person or thing
forbidden. Maharimu, persons
within the prohibited degrees of con-
sancminity and so forbidden to each
other. (Ar. Cl.haramu,haramta,
and for forbidding, gombeza, kataza,
piga, mamfitku)
*Hariri, n. silk. (Ar.)
*Harisha, v. Cs. cause free ac-
tion of the bowels, produce diarrhoea.
(Ar. See Hara, and cf. syn. endesha
^Harufu, n. (i) a letter (of the
alphabet), a written character, figure.
H za kiarabu, Arabic writing char-
acters. (Ar. Ci.tarakimu) (a)
Scent, smell, odour, of any kind, good
or bad. (Cf. nuka, manukato,
uvundo)
*Harusi, n. wedding, bee Arusi
(Ar. the h representing Ai**\ <
*Hasara, n. loss, damage, injury.
Fata h., lose. Tia h., cause loss to.
Lipa h., pay damages, repay, make
amends. (Ar. Cf. hasiri, thara,
*Hasha, int. certainly not, by no
means, impossible, God forbid,
a very emphatic negative. (Ar.
Other negatives are la, sto, hakuna.}
*Hasherati, n. profligacy, vice
See Aslierati. (Ar.)
Hasho, n. a piece of wood used
as a patch, let in or fixed on, to
close a hole, &c.
*Hasi, v. castrate, geld.
hasiwa. Also n. (ma-), a bullock,
a gelding. (Ar. Cf. mhasi, mak
saL and syn. taivasht)
*Hasibu, v. also Hesabu, count,
reckon up, calculate. (Ar. For
derivatives, &c., see Hesabu.)
*Hasidi, v. also Husudu, envy,
grudge, be jealous of. Unamhasidi
ngito zake, you envy him his clothes.
(For derivatives, &c., see Husudu.)
n. (i) envy, jealousy, spite ; (a)
an envious, spiteful person, and in
general, enemy, foe. Tukaona huyu
ndiye hasidi, and we see that he was
indeed our enemy. (Ar. Cf. uha-
sidi, uhusuda, and syn. B. uivivu.)
*Hasimu, n. antagonist, rival, op-
ponent. (Arab. Cf. husuma for
common adui, and cf. mdai, mtesi,
&c.)
*Hasira, n. anger, wrath, passi
Kuwa na h., to be angry. Kutta
h., to enrage. Used with many verbs,
e. g. fanya, ona, piga, shikwa na,
ingia, ingiwa, patwa na, &c. (The
common word in Z. Cf. kannkOj
and syn. ghathabu, uchungu, chuki.
Dist. follg.)
*Hasiri, v. injure, damage, hurt,
inflict loss on. Paka anahasiri
watu, the cat is doing injury to
people. Mbau zimemhasirt,
planks have been a loss to him.
Ps. hasiriwa. Nt. hasirika. Ap.
hasir-ia, -iwa. Cs. hasir-tsha,
-ishiua, and Intens. injure. Rp.
hasiriana. (Ar. Cf. hasara, and
syn. thara, shari. Dist. hasira,
a "*Hassa,adv. alsoHaswa, exactly,
wholly, completely, very much.
(Ar. Cf. halisi, barabba, kabisa,
sana.)
*Hatamu, n. bridle, i. e. ugwe wa
mdomoni, the mouth strap, to guide
or fasten an animal with.
The bit is lijamu.)
*Hatari, n. danger, peril, risk,
jeopardy, ffatari k-wenda, it is dan-
gerous to go. Jitia hatarim, run
a risk, imperil oneself. _ (Cf. ha*ir-
isha, and dist. hathan. Cf. ma-
*Hathari f v. exercise care, be
cautious, act with prudence. Ha-
thari kwa adui, be on guard against
I (be on the look-out for) an enemy.
khathari is a common cry of warn-
ing, Mind yourself ! Lookout! Take
HATI
95
HAWA
care ! like bismilla. n. caution,
care, prudence. Common in such
phrases as kuu'a na A., to be on one's
guard ; kutia h., to put on one's
k r uard, to caution. A\so fanya h.,
jipasha h., pata h. (Ar. Cf. syn.
angalia,jilinda, ku-<va macho?)
*Hati, n. written note, memoran-
dum, document, certificate, writing,
esp. of an official or formal kind,
e. g. andikia hati t emancipate, write
a freedom-paper for. (Ar. Cf.
:, a news letter, of ordinary
correspondence, and barua, cheti,}
Hatia, n. See Hatiya, and Atia,
*Hatibu, n. (ma-}, a preacher.
H. anapanda ndani ya mimbara
apate kuhutubu, the preacher is
mounting the pulpit to give his ad-
dress. (Ar. Cf. hutubu, hotuba.}
"Ilatima, n. end, conclusion.
Akakaa raha hatta hatima, and he
nppily to the day of his death.
Iltitimaye, for hatima yake, used as
adv., finally. adv. fiAally, at
: the end, and somf
prep, after, e. g. hatima kit/a
after his death. (Ar. Cf. hitima,
hitirnu, and syn. I>. mwisho^kikomo.']
Hatirisba, v. Cs. put in danger,
endanger, risk, imperil. Amehatir-
isha mali katika chombo, he has
' >ods on a dhow. Ps.
halirishtua. Rf. jihatirisha, risk
oneself, i.e. jitia hatarini. (Ar.
Cf. hatari)
*Hatiya, n. and Halt*, (i) fault,
transgression, crime, sin; (a) guilt,
blame, culpability. 7
find fault with, accuse.
'-.a (mfu) may mean either to
>ne a wrong to, or, to have a
charge against. (Ar. Cf. thambi,
kosa.)
Hatta, (i) prep, until, up to,
as, as much as, in
t , degree, or con<
Toka ha pa h.ht>
:i as sub it hi h. jwni,
moja, I will not give him as much as
one (even one). Often with kidogo,
after a negative, i. e. not in the least,
not even a little, not at all.
without kidogo, but in same sense,
habari hii si kweli hatta, this report
is not true at all. Sometimes even
with negative only implied, e. g.
Awehvenda . ? hatta, Has he gone 1
Not he. (2) conj. (a) connective,
so, then, next, often merely tran-
sitional and not requiring translation,
h. assubuhi, so in the morning.
H. siku mo/a, one day, once upon a
time, (b) subordinative, so as to,
even if, though. Ntafanza akili
gani, h. tugawe sawasaiva ? What
plan shall I follow, so that we may
divide equally? H. aje na nikuki,
usikubali, even if he come with a
spear, do not consent. (3) adv. //.
' will even beat him,
I will o so far as to beat him. Ba-
hati yako h. nimekuja, Thanks to
your good luck, I have even come,
I am positively here. (Ar.)
Ilatu. verb-form, we are not,
Negat. Pfx. with Pfit, of i Pers. P.
See Ha-, and Tu.
*Hatua, n. step, pace, in walking,
also footstep, mark left by the foot.
Z-wa h., measure by paces.
I'uta h. hapa na hapa, go a step
in either direction. Safari h., a jour-
ney on foot. //. mbili mbele, two
steps to the front. (Ar. Cf.
Hau, verb-form, it is not, Negat.
Pfx., and Pfx. agreeing with D a (S),
and D 4 (S). See Ha-, and TJ.
Hauna, \- is not (does
-t), it has not, Neg.v
and Pfx. agn D a (S), D4
(S), and na (which see).
Negat. Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing with
Da(P). See Ha-.
Havina, fi hey are not,
they have not, Negat. Pfx. and Pfx.
.; with Da P), and na
see).
Haw a, n. (i) lor
strong inclination, lust, passion.
HAWA
Hiiytt ytina h. ya moyo, this man
is deeply in love. Usifanye h. nafsi,
do not show bias, do not be partial.
(Ar., withjyrt final. Cf. syn. shauko,
habba, mapenzi, itgoa, tamaa, roho,
maelekeo, uchu.} (2) Air, the air.
//. ya kulc tizurt sana, the air there
is delightful. Badili //., take a
change of air. (Ar., with alif final.
Cf. anga, upepo, baridi, tabia, cli-
mate. Hawa is also sometimes
written heiva, the first a having a
light sound like a short e. Cf. alfu,
effu, mzvalimu, elirnu, &c., and e.}
(3) Eve, the first woman. (Ar.,
not the same h as (i) and (2). (4)
See follg.
Hawa, pron. these, plur. of huyu,
agreeing with D I (P).
Hawa, verb-form, they are not,
Negat. Pfx. with Pfx. agreeing with
D i (P).
*Hawa, Hawaa, Hawai, n. also
Hawara, a paramour, a woman
living with a man who .is not her
husband. (Cf. suria, kinyumba,
mivandani, kahaba.}
*Hawala, n. also Awala, money
order, cheque, draft, bill of exchange.
(Ar. Cf. syn. hundi, hati.}
Hawana, verb-form, they are not
(do not exist), they have not, Negat.
Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing with D I (P),
and na (which see).
Hawezi, n. 3 Sing. Prcs. Indie
Negat. of weza, he is unable, he has
not strength, he is sick. So com-
monly applied to the condition o
sickness, as to be sometimes used as
an indeclinable adj., sick, ill, e.g.
nalikuwa hawezi, for siwezi, 1 was
ill. Walikuta watti wengi hawezi
they found many people sick. Anc
even as verb, e. g. amehawezi, he ha
become sick, he is ill. See Weza
. and Siwezi.
Hawi, v. 3 Pers. Sing. Pres. Indie
Negat. of -wo, (kuwd], he is not
he does not exist. See -wa.
*Hawili, v. (i) change, transfer
//. chombo, change ship, trans-ship
06 HAZI
Ts. hawil-isha, -ishiva. (2) Give se-
urity for, guarantee, undertake re-
ponsibility for. H. deni, become
esponsible for a debt. (Ar. Cf.
hawala, and syn. (i) badili, (2)
jliriki.)
*Haya, n. (i) shame, modesty,
>ashfulness, shamefacedness ; (a)
cause of shame, disgrace ; (3) hu-
mility, respect, reverence. Tia h.,
make ashamed. Fatty a (pna) A., feel
shame, be shy. liana h., he is a
shameless (impudent, brazen) person.
'Ar. Cf. syn. aibu t fetheha t tahayari.
Dist. follg.)
Haya, (i) int. as call to action or
effort, come on ! now then ! work
away ! step out ! make haste ! &c. ;
(2) a. these, plur. of huyu, agreeing
with D 5 (P) ; (3) verb-form, they
, Negat. Pfx.
ing with D 5 (P).
are not, Negat. Pfx. and Pfx. agree-
Hayale, a. for haya-yah, those
very (things), agreeing with D 5 (P).
(Cf. huyule, huyii,yule.}
*Hayamkini, v. it is impossible.
See Yamkini. (Ar.)
Hayana, verb-form, they are not
(do not exist), they have not, Negat.
Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing with D 5 (P),
and na (which see).
*Hayawani, n. a brute, a beast,
like a brute, and so of persons, fool,
idiot, brute. (Ar. Cf. tihayawani,
and syn. mjinga, mpumbafu.}
*Hayi, a. alive, living. See Hai.
(Ar.)
Hayo, a. of reference, agreeing
with D 5 (P), those referred to, those
yonder, those. (Cf. kuyo.)
Hayuko, verb-form, he (she) is
not there, Negat. Pfx., Pfx. yu
agreeing with D i (S), and locative
Pfx. -ko. (Cf. ha-, -ko.)
*Hazama, n. also Azama, or
Athama, nose-ornament, pendant.
(Ar.)
*Hazamu, n. (ma-}, girdle. Com-
monly in the plur. (Ar. Cf. ma-
hazamu, mshipi, masombo.}
Hazi, verb-form, they are not,
HAZINA
97
HESHIMA
Pfx., with Pfx. agreeing with
D 4 (P), D 6. (Cf. ha-.}
"Hazina, n. treasure, deposit of
money, exchequer, privy purse, ff.
ya mali, nyumba ya h., treasury.
Cf. dafina, mali, akiba.}
Hazina. verb-form, they are not
(do not exist), they have not, Negat.
ith Pfx. agreeing with D 4 (P),
D 6, and na (which see).
*Hebbu, v. like, be pleased with,
take a fancy to. Baba aliuhebbu
unyoya ule, his father took a fancy
to that feather. Ap. hebb-ia, -iwa.
(Arab, seldom used. Ct.habba,hiba.}
*Hedaya, n. gift, present, usually
of something rare, costly, or wonder-
ful. Kitu cha h., a costly thing.
(Arab. Cf. atta, zawadi, bakshishi,
tttnu, &c.)
*Hekalu, n. (ma-}, a large build-
ing, a palace, a temple, the temple
at Jerusalem. (Ar. Cf. syn. B.
jumbal)
*Hekima, n. wisdom, knowledge,
judgement. (Ar. Cf. hakimu, hu-
and syn. elimu, busara, akili,
fa.}
*Hekiraiza, v. Cs. cause to know,
give instructions to, inform, direct.
Amttuhekimiza tukutunzt, he di-
rected ns to take care of yon. Ps.
hckimizu'a. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
*Heraa, n. ( , and wa-), a tent.
Piga (simikisha) h., pitch a tent.
Ondoa(n^oa)h.^
*Hemdi, n. also Hiraidi, praise,
esp. in ascription to God. (Ar.
Cf. hamdu, follg. and syn. si/a.)
Hemidi, v. and Himidi, praise.
Ps. htmitfiwa. (Ar. Cf. hamdu,
and syn. si/u.}
*Henza, n. halyard, the thick
v which the heavy yard and
sail of a native vessel is hoisted. It
passes over a sheave at the masthead,
and carries a doable or treble pulley
( Sofia} connected with another (abe-
mailer rope
ccessary pur-
chase. (Cf. tango.)
*Henzarani, n. a cane, canework.
*Heri, n. happiness, blessedness,
good fortune, luck, success, advan-
tage. //. yako ni yetu, your happi-
ness is ours. Mtu wa A., a fortunate
(happy, enviable) man. Kitjaliwa
h. , to be granted good fortune. Kufu-
nuliwa h., to make a lucky guess,
hit on a happy idea. Common in
formula of leave-taking, kwa heri,
good-bye, or ku>a heri ya kuonana,
good-bye till we meet again. Also
he.ri, it is well, it is best (like afa-
thali), e. g. heri uendc, you had
better go. (Af\ Cf. subalkhcri,
masalkheri, in which the kh is more
distinctly heard as a guttural.)
Hero, n. a small wooden dish,
sometimes on legs, used for serving
food on. (Cf. chungtt.}
*Hesabu, v. also Haaibu, Hi-
sabu, count, calculate, reckon up.
Ps. hesabiwa. Nt. hesabika. Flazi-
hesabiki, they are not counted, or,
they are not to be counted, i.e. worth-
less, or, they are past counting, i. e.
numberless. Ap. htsab-ia, reckon
with (to the credit of, against, &c.).
Rp. hesabiana, settle accounts to-
gether. Cs. hesab-isha> -ishwa,
e.g. ntahesabisha, I will h.
account taken. n. (i) reckon-
ing, calculation, enumeration ; (a) a
bill, an account (of money, measure,
value); (3) tlu- art of counting,
numeration, arithmetic. Chtto cha
A., an account book, like a
Toa A., give an account. Andika,
h., put down to an a
/titty,! h. , reckon up, calculate. Taka
h., demand an at count. (Al
idtuii, ftima, kadiri.}
Heshima, n often Hoshima,
(i) as a quality or condition,
tion, rank; (a) the cor-
m others, respect^
^y ; (3) as
shown in act, a pres<
ledgcmcnt, fee. Ilann
is disrespectful.
Wekea (wekeana} h., treat (each
HESHIMTJ
08
HIMIDI
other) with honour. H. kwake tele,
he is full of due consideration for
people. (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn.
(i) utukufu, daraja, cheo\ (2) hofu,
adabu ; (3) bakshishi, &c.)
*Hefihimu, v. honour, pay respect
to, treat with courtesy, give a present
to. Ps. heshimiwa. Ap. he-
shim-ia, -iana. (Ar. Cf. tukuza,
jali, stahi, hashitmi.}
*Hessi, n. ( , and ma-}, a screw.
Also msomari wa hessi. (Ct.para-
fujo, msomari?)
*Hethi, n. menses, menstruation,
more commonly niwezi or damn,
Kuwa na h., to menstruate, also
ingia mwezini (damuni). (Ar.)
Hi-, as first syllable of a verb-
form, is (if not part of the root) a
contraction for niki-, i.e. Pfx. of
I Pers. Sing, of the Pres. Partic.,
e.g. hipenda, for nikipenda. (Cf.
ha for nika, and see Ki.)
Hiana, a. sometimes -hiana, (i)
tough, hard, strong. Mti huu ni h.,
or una h., this wood is hard. (2)
Hard, unyielding, domineering, op-
pressive, arrogant. (Cf. uhiana, and
syn. -gumu.) n. (i) hardness;
(2) oppression. Mtu hamfanyi mwe-
nziwe h., a man is not hard upon his
friend. (Hiana, uhiana, is also
sometimes used as a variant of haini
treacherous, deceitful.)
*Hiari, n. and Hiyari, choice
option, power of deciding, control
Hiari yako, just as you like. Kichiva
changu h. yako, my life (head) is in
your hands, you may kill me if you
like. Killa mtu ana h. katika ny
umba yake, every man is master in
his own house. Kazi ya h., voluntary
labour. v. choose, prefer. Waa
nake wakahiyari kukabili risasizetu
the women deliberately faced ou
bullets. (Ar. Cf. ihtiari, and syn
chagtia, fanya kiva moyo.}
*Hiba, n. gift, present, keepsake
souvenir, given as sign of affection
hence also bequest, legacy. (Ar
Cf. habba, muhebbi, hebbu, and fo
present' generally bakshishi, ada,
aivadi, &c.)
Hicho, a. of reference, that, that
onder, agreeing with D 3 (S).
Cf. huyo and -0.)
*Hidima, n. also Huduma, ser-
ice, employment, ministration. M-
ungu atia watu katika h. yake, this
white man takes people into his
ervice. (Ar. Cf. hudumu, mha-
dimu, and syn. ututnwa, utumishi,
kazi.~)
*Hifathi, v. sometimes Haflthi,
preserve, keep, protect, save. Muu-
igu amhifathi, may God keep him.
Ps. hifathiwa. Nt. hifathika. Ap.
hifath-ia, -iana. Cs. hifath-isha,
-ishwa. (Ar. Cf. linda, tunza,
pony a, okoa, &c.)
Hii, a. dem. this, there, agree-
ing with D 2 (P), D 6 (S). (Cf.
Auyu.) Also hiile (of emphasis,
i. e. hii-ile), that (those) very. (Cf.
huyule.}
*Hikaya, n. and Hekaya, story,
anecdote, remarkable incident. Nna
h., I have something to tell you.
Tumeona h. leo, we have seen a
strange thing to-day. (Ar. Cf.
kisa, ngano, hadithi, habari.}
Hiki, a. dem. this, agreeing with
D 3 (S). Also hikile (of emphasis,
i. e. hilt Hie), that very. (Cf. huyu,
huyule?)
*Hila, n. device, trick, stratagem,
craft, cunning, deceit. Fanya h., use
cunning, try to circumvent. Mtu wa
h.,a. wily, sly man. (Ar. Cf. ha-
daa, madanganya, iverevu, ujanja.}
Hili, a. dem. this, agreeing with
D 5 (S). Also hilile (of emphasis,
i. e. hili Hie), this very. (Cf. huyu,
huyule.') Similarly hilo, of reference,
that, that yonder. (Cf. huyo, -o.}
Hima, adv. quick, quickly, hastily,
in a hurry. Fanya h., make haste.
Twende h. , let us go quickly. Hi ma !
himal quick! quick! (CLhimtza,
hamu, and syn. upesi, haraka, mbio.}
*Himidi, v. praise, extol, magnify,
esp. of praise to God. Ps. himi-
HIMILA
90
HITILAFU
n. praise. (Ar. Cf.
hamdu, hemdi, and syn. sifu+sifa.}
*Himila, n. (i) load, burden ; (2)
pregnancy. Mke wangu ana A.,
amechtikua mimba, my wife is with
child, she has conceived. (Ar. for
the commoner (i) mzigo, (2) mimba.
Cf. follg.)
*Himili, v. (i) bear, support,
carry, take away; (2) bear, endure,
accept, be equal to ; (3) be pregnant.
tiuhusa kuhimili mizigo, leave to
carry the loads. Himilijtia, endure
the heat of the sun. Ps. hi mi I iwa.
Nt. himilika. Ap. himil-ia, -iwa,
-iana. Cs. himil-isha, -ishwa.
(Ar. Cf. himila, hamali, stahimili,
and syn. chukua, vumilia, kuwa na
mimba.')
Himiza, v. Cs. hasten, hurry, cause
to be done (to go) quickly. Himiza
watu kazi, make men work quickly.
Himiza chakula, hurry on a meal.
Ps. himiz'va. Ap. himiz-ia, -iwa.
Rp. himizana. (Cf. hima, and
syn. kimlnza, endesha, harakisha.}
Hina, n. henna, prepared from the
plant nthina, a very favourite red
*Hindi, n. (nta-\ (i) a single
grain of Indian corn, a seed of the
plant niuhitnii, which see ; (2) India,
also Ulaya Hindi, Uhindi. (Dist.
//, a Hindoo.)
*Hini, v. refuse to give (to), with-
hold (from), keep back (from
nihim ' fctlm y<in^u, he has k(
;iey. J/atanihini ,ug<i:
: refuse me medicine. Jihini
chakula, deny oneself food. I'-
. Ap. hin~
a, -tana. Cs. hin-isha,
Ji hints ha, practise self-
Cf. syn. nyinia,
katalia?)
n. ( , and wa-), (i)
age, period of life, and esp. of youth,
he same
ontcmporn: i na h.
: people of the same age.
Mahirimu yake ya kijana, t:
H
panions of his youth. (Ar. Cf.
umri.}
*Hirizi, n. charm, amulet, i.e.
nganga wa kuvaa mwih'ni, uvaliwao y
medicine worn on the person, which
is put on, round the neck or at the
side. Often a small leather case,
containing a sentence from the Coran.
(Ar. Cf. itganga, dawa, talasimu.}
*Hisa, n. (i) part, portion, share
(cf.fungu, sehemu} ; (2) ? indulgence,
permission, pardon. (Ar.)
*Hisani, n. kindness, favour, good-
ness. Kiva h. yako, by your kind-
ness. (Ar. Cf. ahsante, and syn.
fat hi H, we ma.}
*Hitaji, y. need, require, be in
need of, lack, want, feel want of,
desire. Nahitaji chakula, I need
food. Often impersonal, e.g. yahi-
'taji mashahidi wawe watu wa kweli,
witnesses need to be truthful. Yahi-
taji ult sana, you should eat heartily.
Sometimes ' be wanting, be wanted,'
e.g. vitu vitiavyohitaji katika ma-
zishi, requisites for burial. Ps.
hitajiwa. Nt. hitajika. Ap.
hitajia, like hitaji, e.g. ahitajia
kitpigwa, he wants a beating. Ahi-
tajia kuwapo hafa, he needs must
be here. Rp. hitajiana. n.
(ma-}, need, want, petition. (Ar.
Cf. haj'a, rnhitaji, and syn. taka.)
*Hitari, v. choose, select, prefer.
Ps./; ita riiva . A'a la m u iliyoh ; .'
a choice, selected pen. Cs. hitar-
isha, -ishwa, e. g. cause to choose,
give choice (of). (Ar. Cf. follg.,
*Hitiari, n. also Ihti
selection, preference. //. yako, as
you like, i. e. nptndaiyo. Nnthari
ion and
lie with
.'Van, nathari.}
Hitilafu, "n. aUo Ihtilafu, (i)
e, something "lit of
I. of special interest, critical) j
(a) defect, 1>1< <? ntoja
wain hafiana /;., their design
same and there is no difference. A ka -
HITIMA
ona h. kidogo, he noticed a sma
variation. (3) Difference, discon
variance, quarrel, quarrelsomencss,-
of persons. Also of musical sound
Hana h., there is nothing wron
about him, he does not give troubL
cause discord. v. be differen
make a difference. Sometimes im
pers. imehitilafu, there is a diffe
ence. Rp. hitilafiana, be differen
distinct from each other, e. g. lugh
hizi ziwehitilafiana, these language
(Swahili and Arabic) are quite dis
tinct. (Ar. Cf. tafauti, mbah
moatt, achana.)
*Hitima, n. a Mahommedan ser
vice, or office, in conclusion of som
event, i. e. a reading of certain por
tions of the Goran, esp. (i) a funera
service ; (2) service at a housewarm
m g; (3) a feast given at such a
ceremony, e. g. siku ya tatu hufanya
h.,yaani hupika wait, after three day
(of mourning, matanga) a feast i
made, i.e. rice is cooked. Kusonu
h. katika kaburi, to hold a service a
a grave. (Ar. Cf. hitimn, hati
ma, and for other services, buruda
fatiha.}
*Hitimu, v, finish, end, come to
an end, be completed. Most common
in the special sense, ' finish education
complete a course of reading or in-
struction, end an apprenticeship, be-
come a qualified teacher or workman/
equivalent to ' pass, take a degree, be
out of time.' Mwalimu amehitimisha
chuo mtoto, naye mtoto amehitimu,
the teacher has taken his pupil
through the whole course of reading,
and the pupil has passed. Ap.
Wtm-M, -iwa. Cs. hitim-isha,
-ishwa. Kulihitimisha jambo letu,
to complete our business. (Ar.
Cf. hitima, hatinia, and in general
syn. isha, maliza, timiza, kamilisha.}
Hivi, a. dem. these, agreeing with
D 3 (P). Also commonly as adv.,
thus, in this manner, accordingly, so.
Sasa hivi, at this very moment, im-
mediately, on the spot. Leo him,
100
HODI
this very day. Also hivile, for
emphasis, i.e. hivi vile, those very
(things).
Hivyo, a. dem. of reference, those,
those yonder. Also adv., in that
manner, in the manner described, so.
Often vivyo hivyo, just so, exactly so.
(Cf. huyo, -vyo.}
Hiyana, Hiyari. See Hiana,
Hiari.
Hiyo, a. dem. of reference, that
(those), that (those) yonder, agree-
ing with D 2 (P), D 6 (S). (Cf.
huyo, -o.}
*Hizi, v. disgrace, put to shame,
dishonour, insult, inflict punishment
on. Mtoto amemhizi babaye, the
child has disgraced his father. Ps.
hiziwa. Nt. hizika. Ap. hiz-ia
-iwa. (Ar. Cf. syn. aibisha,
fethehesha, tahayarisha, tweza.}
Hizi, a. dem. these, agreeing with
D 4 (P), D 6 (P). Siku hizi, some
days ago, lately, modern times, now-
adays. Also zizi hizi, just these,
these very. Also hizile, for emphasis,
i. e. hizi zile, those very. Hizo, as
the form of reference, those, those
yonder. (Cf. huyu, huyo.')
*Hodari,a. (i) strong, firm, stable,
solid ; (2) active, energetic, brave,
earnest, strong-willed. Used of
strength generally, in substance,
construction, character, 8cc. Boriti
h., strong poles. Ukuta h., a solid
wall. Mtu h. wa kazi (wa vita, wa
naneno}, an effective, able mechanic
soldier, orator). (Perh. Hind.
Cf. thabiti, and syn. B. -a nguvu,
gumu. Contr. thaifu.}
*Hodi, n. used in Z. invariably
and only as a polite inquiry before
ntering a private house or room,
May I come in?' and, unless an
nswer is given, usually the same
ford or karibu, come in, good
manners forbid entry. (Prob. a word
ntroduced by Arabs from Muscat,
neaning ' safety, well-being,' and so
quivalent to ivokovu, salamu. Hence
s an interrogative, Is all well? all
HOFTJ
101
KONGO
well? and the answer, ' all well,' by
the same word, or by karibu, which
see.)
*Hofu, n. (i) fear, apprehension,
2) cause of fear, danger.
na h., to be afraid. Fanya
na, ingia, ingiwa, patiya na,
: na) h., be frightened, be
seized with fear. Sometimes also
adj. -to/it, timid, fearful. v. feel
fear, be afraid of. Ps. hofiwa.
Nt. hofika. Ap. hofia, fear for
(about, in, &c.). Cs. hof-isha,
-ishwa, terrify, frighten. (Ar.
Cf. a/a, mu'a/a, and common syn. B.
ogopa, oga, kitisho, uchaji, -cha.}
*Hogo, n. (ma-), a very large root
of cassava. See Muhogo.
*Hohe bahe, n. a solitary, destitute,
outcast person or state. Cf. such
phrases as maskini (Jukara) hohe
hahe, utterly poor and destitute.
Ni hohe hahe /, he is quite forlorn.
*Hoho. rilipili hoho, red pepper,
. from pilipili manga, black
pepper. Alkatewa /*., a cake favoured
with pepper.
*Hoja,n.alsoHuja,(i)want,need,
necessity; (2) what is urgent or
-mess, concern; (3) ur-
gent request, argument, logical de-
monst: a h. ya, on account
of, for the sake of. A wa h. yangu,
at my need, at my earnest request,
also, on my account, for my sake.
J/aknna h., there is no objection.
Jambo hili Una h. nyingi, this is a
very troublesome affair. //. ya
Hatta
tuishe h. hit mimi mi-cc, let us even
up this matter together, yon
:. haja, and follg.
Also hitaji.)
*Hoji, v. and Huji, give-
to, apply pressure to, urge, annoy,
cross -
ply with arguments. S<>
1
knsfrnd neno alilo unfa, he
, till the man said whnt he
Ap. hoj'ia.
-nua. Rp. hojiana. (Ar. Cf.
hoj'a, haja, and hitaji. Also syn.
dadisi, u/iza, /aftt/a, sitrnbua, lemeaS)
*Homa, n. fever, esp. of malarial
or ague-fever, described as marathi
ya baridi, or ya baridi, or ya kitapo
cha baridi, i.e. the chilly or shiver-
ing sickness. Shikwa na honia, have
an attack of fever. Jfotna ya vipindi,
intermittent fever. (Ar. Of. ki-
dingapopo, dengue fever, mkunguru.}
Honga, v. make a payment, not
as of debt, but to secure an end,
hence bribe, pay toll, pay one's
way, pay a footing. Mhongc ndio
mpafe kujenga, give him a present,
and so get leave to build. Ap.
hongta, pay for, secure an end,
advance a stage, get past a crisis,
be acquitted, get cleared of a charge.
Thus fig. of a woman after childbirth.
Leo nimehongea (or, fwngeld], 1 was
delivered to-day. Also of a stage of
recovery after circumcision. Cs.
hong-eza, -czwa, (i) cause to pay
toll, blackmail ; (2) cause (help,
allow) to advance a stage, or, to se-
cure an end, e.g. procure acquittal.
Kiapo kinihongczt, may the ordeal
be favourable to me, let me
Also of congratulations after some
event or crisis, e. g. after a journey,
child birth, &< itlri nk />//<//,
huja watu knmhongcza, when a man
returns from a journey, people come
to congratulate him. Akam
mtoto wake kuzaa, he congratulated
on her safe delivery.
(Cf. hongo. These words seem little
used in Z., being appropriate to
>d usages and ideas
rf. rusnwa, mlitr.
uptnye: : >r congmf.
pukusa, -pa mkono,
u'O, n. toll, tribute,
mail, used of customary presents
to native chiefs for leave to
pass through the country. (Cf.
and for presents g<
batshishi.)
HORI
102
HUKO
*Hori, n. (i) creek, inlet, gul
arm of the sea. (Ar. Cf. gubba
(2) (ma-}, a kind of canoe, wit
raised stem and stern, usually from
India, and employed on the cree
at Z.
*Horji, n. a thickly padded quil
used as a saddle for donkeys. (A
Cf. seruji.}
*Hotuba, n. See Hutuba.
Hu, verb-form, you are not,
Negat. Pfx. combined with Pfx. o
2 Pers. Sing, .i.e. ha-u, e.g. hi
mrefu, you are not tall. (Cf
/ia-, u.~)
Hu-, (i) verbal pfx. denoting ens
tomary or repeated action, withou
distinction of tense, person, or num
ber. Huenda, my (your, his, her
its, our, their) custom (habit, prac
tice, usual plan) is (was, has been
will be, &c.) to go. In narrative
often followed by -ka-, hufikia pah
uwanjani akalala, he would arrive
in the courtyard and go to sleep
Sometimes cynically, vita huja, wari
will happen, (a) Negat. Pfx. oi
2 Pers. Sing., e.g. huendi, you do
not go. (3) A formative element in
several pronominal ad vs. and ad is
See Huku.
Hua, n. a dove. (Cf. pugi,
ninga, njiwa.}
*Hubba, n. affection, desire. See
Habba. (Ar.)
*Hubiri, v. give information (to,
about), inform, bringnews(to, about),
announce, report, relate. Roho yake
ikamhtibiri kuwa ndiye mmda, his
heart told him that was the wild
beast. H. an/Hi, preach the Gospel.
Ps. hubiriwa. Ap. htibir-ia, - iwa.
Cs. hubir-isha, -ishwa. n.
(/-). that whj ch is related, report,'
announcement, &c. (Ar. Cf.
habari, cf. syn. arifu, sumulia,
eleza.}
*Huduma, n. also Hudumu,
Hidima, service, attendance, wait-
ing on a person, ministration. (Ar.
Cf. follg.)
*Hudumu, v. serve, wait (on),
attend (on). Mmhudumu kwa
uzuri, see that you wait on him
properly,. Ps. htidumiwa. Nt.
hudnmika. Ap. hudum-ia, -iwa,
serve, be in attendance upon, serve
for (at, with, &c.). Cs. hudum-
ts/ia, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. hiiduma,
mhadimu, uhadinm, and syn. tu-
mikia, ngojea, andikia^)
Huenda, used as adv., sometimes
Hwenda, it happens, sometimes,
at times, and so ' possibly, perhaps,
it may be, there is a chance.' (Enda
with pfx. hn- of customary or re-
peated action. Cf. syn. kwenda,
huwa t labuda, yamkini.}
*Hui, v. become alive, revive, rise
from the dead. Ps. huiwa. Nt.
huika. Ame huiwa na Mitungu,
naye amehuika, he was restored to
ife by God, so he revived. Cs.
hui-sha, -shwa, restore to life, re-
suscitate, save, keep alive. Hui is
also used in this act. sense. (Ar.
Cf. hai, andfufua, amka, is/ii.}
*Hvija, Huji. See Hoja, Hoji.
But dist. huj'a, and huji, as parts of
he verb -ja, come. See Hu-.)
Hujambo, v. are you well ? you
.re well. The commonest form of
alutation in Z. Often jambo only,
ee Jambo.
Huko, adv. dem. of general refer-
nce, in that case referred to, with
lose circumstances in view, in con-
exion with that environment, but
ommonly of place and time, * from
:o, at, in, &c.) that place (or, time),
here, thither, thence, then, &c.' h.
a h. y hither and thither, here and
lere. H. uendako, where you are
oing to, your destination. H. uto-
ako, where you come from, yonr
arting-point. H. nyuma, (i) yon-
er in the rear; (a) meanwhile.
'uko htiko, just yonder, just there,
nder those precise circumstances.
luko is also used to suggest the
orld beyond, the other world, the
orld of spirits. (Huko includes
HTJKU
103
HTJRU
three formative elements, //;/, ku,
and ~o, for which see Huku, and -o.
For similar adv. with meanings often
hardly distinguishable cf. humo,
hapo, kule, pale?) verb-form,
you are not there, Negat. Pfx. of
2 Pers. Sing., with -ko (see Huko,
with which it is sometimes used,
e, g. huko huko, you are not there).
Huku, ( i ) adj. dem. this, agreeing
with D 8, e. g. kufa huku kuzuri,
this (mode of) dying is admirable, or
with a locative form in ~ni, from, to,
e. g. nyitmbani huku, to (from) this
house. (2) adv. usually of place,
here, near, in this place, but also of
environment generally. H. kuzuri,
it is pleasant here (in our present
circumstances). //. no, A., this way
and that, hither and thither. Kuku
.;st here. (ffu~ is a demon-
strative prefix, in huyu, huu, huku,
and the corresponding forms
ending in -o, agreeing with D I (S),
D 2 (S), D 8, and local, in -/,
the h alone being the characteristic
demonstrative element throughout,
as / is of other demonstratives. See
Huku-, at the beginning of a verb-
form may be (i) hu of customary
action with ku, Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing,
objective, e.g. hukupenda, there i-.
a general liking for you ; (2) hu the
Negat Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing, with ku
of general reference, e. g. hu/
you do 'not like the place (circum-
stances); (3) hu, Negat. Pfx. as in
(a), with ku, sign of Negat Past
Tense, e. g. hukupfttda, yon did not
like.
*Hukumu, v. give an official (or,
pronouncement (on),
e, pass sentence (on),
o authority (orer), l>-
Regularly used of the characteristic
>f a supreme power, or judge,
: ice of other formal decisions,
orders, auawe,
i.im to be put to death,
ho passed sentence of death upon
him. So of other verdicts, apigwe,
afungwe, alipe, auzwe, &c., or ku-
pigwa, &c. Ps. hukumiwa. Ap.
hukitm-ia, -iwa, give judgement, &c.
on (for, at, &c.). Cs. hukum-iza,
-izwa, n. judgement, (i) (in
general), jurisdiction, authority, su-
preme power; (2) legal process,
trial ; (3) sentence, verdict, decision,
order. Mwenyi hukitmu, the
supreme ruler, sovereign. Peleka
hukuimtni, send for trial, cause to
be tried in a law court, or before
a chief. Anasikia hukunni yako, he
obeys your order. Hukumuya kufa,
capital sentence. (Ar. Cf. hakimu,
hekima, also syn. amua, and for
ruling, tawala, amuru?)
*Huluku, v. create, usually of
original creation, by act of God.
Ps. hulukiwa, be created, be a crea-
ture (created being). Ap. huluk-ia,
(Ar. Cf. mhuluku, and
syn. H. MBtv.)
Humo, (i) adv. dem. of reference to
an interior, in that place (referred to),
inside yonder, in there. //.
in our house yonder. Mumo h., just
in there, in that very place. (2) verb-
form, you are not in (there .
Huko, and Hu-, Mo-, &c.
Humu, (i) adj. dem. this, agree-
ing with locative forms in -;//', e. g.
nyumbani hutnu, in this house. (2)
;i. in this ]il:icc-, inside here.
Afurnu //., ju-it in lu-ir, in t 1
place. See Huku, and Mu .
Hun i ; n, you have not,
i' 2 IVrs. Sing., and na
see).
*Hun<ii, n. draft, (In-quo.
order, bill of exchange. (Hind. Cf.
hanala!)
Huo, a. dem. of refcrcm
S), D4(S
H Huko, and -a
Hum, n. (wa-), and a. (also
-huru), a freed man, a frecm.v
not a si
Acha (tveka, andika), huru, s
HUKUMA 104 HUWA
f\r Cf uhuru 1 fully. Kumhusudu mail yake, to
IS w"*->/^, "T"5''~"- "-
=^s ,,f:
';-, b '.rs,b. * /'iSiESS 2T.-M,
mercy on. Ps. hiirumiwa. \*u , ad a res s to an audience, All
MftW^fe2^
aSaJsta^tws^S**-*?
^WwSalSsS2=&a
HUYO
105
IBA
every day as a rule they go ; (2) per-
haps, it may be, possibly, sometimes.
(Cf. syn. labuda, huenda, k^venda^
Huyo, a. dem. of reference, that
there, that yonder, that referred to,
agreeing with D I (S). Huyo! httyo!
there he is! That is he! in a hue
and cry after a thief, or chase after
animals. (Cf. huyu, and -0.)
Huyu, a. dem. this, agreeing with
D i (S). (It includes the character-
istic letter h, with the variable vowel
u, and^w. See H and Yu.) Also in
the emphatic form huyule, for huyu
yuU, that very, that. See Yule.
*Huzuni, n. grief, sorrow, distress,
mourning, calamity, disaster. -e-
nyi huzuni, sorrowful, depressed,
downcast. So -a huzuni. Kiwa
na A., to be sad, to be sorrowful.
ona, ingia, shikwa na, &c.)
h. t leel sorrow, be distressed, &c.
(Ar. C'f. follg. and syn. hamu, tna-
jonsi, sikitiko, msiba, and for formal
mourning, tnatanga, maombolezo!)
*Huzunia, v. Aj>. grieve at (for,
about, in, &c.). I's. huzuni~i'a,
be grieved, be caused grief. Nt.
: isha,-ishwa.
( \r. C 1. prcc. and syn. sikitikia,
lilia)
resents the sound of t in /r,
and also that of i in in, i.e. of both
vowels in /v
i difficult, esp. in un-
accented syllables, to decide whether
e or i beat represents the sound heard,
csp. in words of Arabic or:
which they arc not distinguish*
rttniu or ////;///, cli <u
irahi or ikirahi, sftfini or
. &c.
ound before a vowel is gener-
ally consonantal, heard and
as.?.
/ best represents the vowel sound
is a tendency to
pronounce n as a distinct syllable.
Thus the pfx. of the i Pe*rs. Sing, is
either n- or /'-, e. g. ninaftnda or
nniipttida, nitalala or ntalala. The
tendency is decidedly commoner in
Z. than in the Coast Swahili, e.g.
ingia not ngia, ingine not ngine,
inchi not nchi, wingi not ungi, itizi
nut nzi.
Hence words not found under /
may be looked for under E, or K,
or N.
The numeral nne, four, is a dis-
syllable beginning with a faint *
sound, represented by a double n,
and not wholly lost in the adjectival
forms of the numeral. / has been
used as the initial of imlni, mosquito,
because in this word m does not seem
to keep its usual affinity for a u
sound.
The a in certain pfxs., chiefly :
ma-, and ka-, when followed by an /,
as a rule coalesces with it to form an
e sound, e. g. waivi becomes wevi,
mat no meno, akaingia akengia (but
not in /w-, ha-, -fa, -na, -nga, &c.)-
Final i always takes the place of
final a of a verb in the Pres. Indie.
Negat.
I, verb- form, is, are, agreeing with
D a (P), and D 6 (S).
I- is a Pers. 1'fx., siibjectiveandob-
jectivi hDa(P),
ami D 6 (S). This pi\. Mm
used for general reference, and snpj
ing an impersonal form of tlu- \
no good, nonsense.
/mfkntshii, all is over.
I- (or B-) before the final a of a
verb lorms the characteristic of tin
so-cal' / verb-stems, and
gives the simple root-meaning <>i the
.1 verv varit i ca-
tions usually cxpressetl in Knglisl
different prepositions following.
Iba, v. steal, thieve,
is used as the root-form id some
tenses. See Isha.) P*. ibwa, and
. he stolen. Nt. ibita. be stolen,
be capable of being stolen
IBADA
106
IMAMU
ibia, steal from, rob, e. g. amemwibia
mali yake, he has stolen his money
from him, ibiiva, be stolen, be stolen
from, lose by theft. Thus tumcibiwa
may mean ' we have been kidnapped,'
or, ' we have been robbed.' Ibiana,
steal from each other. Cs. ib-isha,
-ishwa, e.g. cause to steal, incite to
theft. (Cf. uizi, mwizi, mwibaji,
and syn. nyanganya!)
*Ibada, n. (i) worship, divine
service. Ameacha i., he has left off
attending the mosque. /. ya sanamu,
idolatrous worship. (2) Practical
religion, a religious life, religious
practices. Mtu wa i., a devout man.
Iblisi akamharibia i. yake, the devil
corrupted his religion. (Ar. Cf.
abudu, maabudu, and syn. dini,
tit aw a, usttjii.'}
*Iblisi, n. the devil, Satan. (Arab,
for usual shetani.}
*Idadi, n. reckoning, counting,
number, computation. Billa z., with-
out number, numberless. Desturi za
adabu nyingi, hazina i., rules of eti-
quette are numerous, in fact past count-
ing. (Ar. Cf. syn. hesabu,hasibtt.'}
*Idi, Idili. See Ada, Adili.
Ifu-ifu, a. ash-coloured, grey.
See Jifu, Kijifu.
Iga, v. (i) imitate, copy, but com-
monly (2) in the sense, ape, mock,
counterfeit, mimic, caricature. /.
maneno ya kiswahili, try to talk
Swahili. /. kwa maneno, use mock-
ing expressions to. Hodari wa kuiga,
a clever mimic. Ps. igwa. Nt.
igika. Ap. ig-ia, -iwa. Cs.
ig-iza, -izwa, and Intens. of copying
with effort, trying to imitate. (Cf.
mivigo, mwigaji, thihaka, and syn.
*Ihtaji, Ihtiari, Ihtilafu, Ihti-
mu. See under Hitaji, &c.
*Ijara, n. pay, hire, salary, wages,
rent. Mtu iva i., a hired servant,
not a slave. (Ar. Cf. ujira, ajiri,
and syn. mshahara, and rent, kodi.}
"Tkirihi, n. also Ekerahi. See
Kirihi.
Ikiza, v. Cs. lay across, set in
position (from side to side), spread
over. /. nyumba boriti, set up the
poles (or rafters) in a house, to cany
a concrete floor or roof. Also i.
waive, i. dari, of same operation.
Also used of cookery, ikiza na sukari,
spread with sugar, and kuku ya
kuikiza.
Iko, verb-form, it is (they are)
there, Pfx. agreeing with D 2 (P),
D 6 (S), and locative -ko (which
see).
*Ila, n. defect, blemish, drawback,
disgrace, stain, blot. Mtu mznri
lakini ana ila, a good man but he
has his faults. Also for conj. ilia,
which see. (Ar. Cf. syn. kipu-
nguo, hitilafu, kosa, waa. Dist.
hi la.}
He, a. dem. that, those, agreeing
with D 2 (P), D 6 (S). (See I and
Yule. Dist. He as 3 S. Subj. from
la, eat.)
*Iliki, n. cardamom.
*Illa, conj. also Ela, Ila, except,
unless, but. Hana ilia mke mmoja,
he has but one wife. Havai kilcniba
ilia amekwenda Makha, he does not
wear a turban, unless he has been to
Mecca. (Ar. Cf. illakini.}
*Illakini, conj. but, nevertheless,
notwithstanding. (Ar. Cf. ilia,
and lakini.'}
*Illi, conj. in order that, that.
Used with Subj. and Infin. Moods,
e. g. amekwenda mjini illi kununiia
(or, aminue) chakula, he has gone
to town to buy food. (Ar. Cf.
kusudi.'}
*Ilmu, n. See Elimu, knowledge,
learning, &c. (Ar.)
*Ima, conj. See Ama.
Ima, v. be erect, straight, &c.
a. B. verb, rare in Z. (Cf. sirnama,
simika, mwima, mwimo, ima-ima.}
Ima-ima, a. and adv., upright,
erect, steep, perpendicular. (Cf.
prec.)
*Imamu, n. the minister of a
Mahommedan mosque, who conducts
IMANI
107
INGIA
the prayers and gives an address
"(Ar. Cf. mualhini,
:ti, kathi.}
*Imani, n. (i) faith, trust, confi-
dence, trustworthiness, uprightness.
Maskini hana i., a poor man cannot
be relied upon. Upanga wa ., a
kind of double-handled sword, (a)
Religious faith, belief, object of belief,
creed. Imani kwa Mitun^u, faith
towards God. (Ar. Cf. aniini,
awani, arnana, &c., and for creed,
shahada?)
*Imara, n. firmness, compactness,
hardness, strength, stability, solidity,
material and moral. L'kuta huu
all is not strong.
Mtu -?a /., a resolute, brave, strong-
willed man. a. firm, strong, hard,
unbreakable, solid, courageous, brave.
(Cf. follg. and syn. -gumu, thabiti,
hodari.)
*Imarika, v. Nt., be strong, be
firm, be solid, &c. Cs. imar-isha,
-ishwa. See prcc.
Iraba, v. sing, sing of. Ps.
imbwa. Nt. imbika. Ap. imb-ia,
Cs. imb-isha, -ishwa,
cause to sing, instruct in singing,
i singing, strike up a song.
(Cf. uimbo, uimbaji, &c.)
Imbu, n. a mosquito. (Also
written mbu, but in this word m
does not appear to have its usual
affinity for a u sound, though sounded
as a di !(.)
In*, have,
Pfx. n K . D 2 (P), D 6 (S),
and na, which see.
Inama, v. stoop, bend d<
lower, bow, slope,
press. Used Neut. .
':,ima, this wall has
:-cs downwards. Inama
, bow the head. Mji wott
city is de-
to. incline towards, h
depend
rests on
me. .. (St.
form of a root tna, cf. inika, imta,
and cf. syn. shusha^ tua.)
Inchi, n. (i) country, district, land,
region.* 7. yetu, inchi ya kwetu, our
countr)', fatherland. /. za barra, the
regions of the continent. /. sa ( 'Itiya,
the countries of Europe. (Cf. ulaya,
wilaya, upande.} (2) Land, ground,
dry land, i.e. i. kavu, as opp. to the
sea, bahari. Piga katika i. (or
chini), throw to the ground, dash
clown. Chini ya i., ndani ya '.,
underground. /. sawa, level country,
a plain. (Cf. barra.} (3) The earth,
the inhabited world. Pembi ~a /.,
the corners of the earth, i. e. remotest
parts of the world. (Cf. dunia,
ulimwengu.} (Cf. chini. Never of
the actual substance or materials of
the ground, i.e. soil, earth, \vhich is
u don go. Cf. art hi. Obs. inchi is
sometimes heard for English 'inch,'
as////* for a ' foot,' by measure.)
Inda, Inga. See Winda.
*Ingercza, n.and a., also Ingreza.
Ingrezi, -ngereza, an Englishman,
England, English. Mfalmc /., the
king of ICngland. Harozi /., the
Uriiish Consul. Ulaya Ingereza,
Uingeza, Ittgreza, England. Wa-
ngercza, the English. A'.-;
English language. Unawesa >
kiingcreza? Can you speak English ?
i. a. sometimes -ngi
1 4 (P), D 6 (P},
i D 5 (S), wenri
with 1) i (i>), pengi with D 7)),
many, much, large (in <jt
Of person
is used
respect
in altundance. M'^ingi wa baraka,
giving many bletsinps. (Cf. wimgi,
and sy i/Aawa.')
Ingia, v. sometimes Ngia, (i) go
in (to), come in (to), <
. (a) share in. take ;
engage in; (3) penetrate, pass into
state, &c.) ; (f
umba, or katika nyuniba), .,
-INGINE
108
IPUA
a house. /. chomboni, go on board
a vessel, embark (also panda cho-
mbont). /. safari ni, join an expedi-
tion, or, start on a journey. /. baridi,
become cold. /. kutti, get rusty.
Esp. common of the feelings, e.g.
i. hofu, be affected by fear, feel fear,
be alarmed, and so with kiburi, fu-
raha, hasira, hazuni, uchungu, &c.
The passive construction is common
in same sense, ingiwa na, or ingiwa.
Ps. ingiwa. Nt. ingika. Ap.
ing-ilia, -iliwa, -ilika, -iliza, -itizwa,
-iana, -ilizana, esp. of entry with
a purpose, e.g. go in for, pry into,
&c. Alimwingilia mwanamke, he
went in to see the woman, hence
live with, cohabit with. Ingiliza
kazini, introduce to work, instal in
office. Waingiliani maneno haya?
What are you prying into these matters
for? Cs. ing-iza, -izwa, -isha,
-ishwa, the latter forms being usu,
intensive, i.e. ingiza, of causing,
allowing, procuring entry, ingisha
of special effort' or force in entry
Vitu viingizwavyo, imports. Hence
ingizana. Rp. ingiana. (Cf
enda ndani, -ja ndani, penya.)
-ingine, a. (but with some pfxs
commonly -ngine. Thus with D i
(S), D 2 (S), D 4 (S) mwingine 01
mngine, with D i (P) wangine, with
D 4 (P), D 6 ny ingine or ngine o~
zingine, with D 5 (S) jingine o
lingine, with D 5 (P) mangine, with
D 7 pangine, with D 8 kwingine)
other, another, different, some, a
second. Wangine wangine, some
some, some others, -ingine-ingine
of different kinds, assorted, miscel
laneous, of all sorts. Vingine, a
adv. variously, in another way. Vt
ngine-vingine, in different ways (de
grees, classes, sorts), in all sorts c
ways. Vinginevyo, in some othe
way, in any other way, and so wit
relative affixed to other forms, e. g
mtu mwingineo, some other person
any one else.
Ini, n. (ma-) , the liver. Sometime
g. of inmost seat of feelings, like moyo,
g. maneno yale yaliinkata moini,
lose words cut him to the heart.
Inika, v. (i) give a downward
irection to, lay over on one side,
*ive a cant (tilt, downward bend or
urn) to, let hang down, turn down
t the edge, &c. ; (2) fig. humble,
ring low, depress. I. choinbo, ca-
een a vessel (for repairs). Usininike
izigo, do not let your load hang
own. /. kichwa,jiinika, hang down
he head (in grief or shame). Also
iinika, make a bow, bow oneself
Tacefully. /. niti, bend down a tree
to get at the fruit). Nani awezaye
'umwinika mfalme? Who can hu-
miliate a king ? Ps. inikwa. Ap.
ttik-ia, -iwa. Cs. inik-isha, -ish-
wa, -zza, e.g. mwalitmt ameimki'za
ivatu kwa kusali, the minister taught
he congregation to bow down at
>rayers. (Cf. inama, iwia, and
>yn. laza, laza upande.)
*Inshallah, adv. Used as the
commonest and most trivial form of
assent, ' oh yes, certainly, of course.'
(Ar. = if God wills, God willing.
See Allah. Cf. syn. vetna, naam,
ndio.)
Inua, v. (i) set up, raise up, build
up, pile up, lift up, raise, hoist; (2)
fig. inspirit, cheer, restore, cure, set
up. /. mzigo, raise a load (cf.
twika}. /. mtoto, lift up a child. /.
macho, raise the eyes. /. mgonjwa,
restore an invalid. Ps. innh 'wa.
Nt. inuka, e.g. inchi yote imeimika,
the whole country is elevated, is a
table-land. Ap. inu-Ha, -liwa.
Cs. inu-liza, -lizwa, e.g. inuliza
mzigo, help a man up with his load.
(Cf. inama, inika, and syn. pandisha,
kweza.)
Inzi, n. (ma-), a fly, in general,
the common house-fly.
Ipi, a. intern which? what?-
agreeing with D 2 (P), D 6 (S). See
-pi. Also generally, kama ipi? of
what sort? how? (Cf. -pi, waft.)
Ipua, v. same as Epua, which
IRABU
109
ISTISKA
see. But this form seems in some
degree specialized, as meaning ' take
off the tire' (a cooking pot, &c.).
t-ka and t~vika.
*Irabu, n. a vowel sign in \\riting
Arabic. (Arab.)
*Iriba, n. usury, money-lending.
See Biba. (Ar.)
*Iriwa, n. also Chiriwa, Jiriwa,
a (screw) vice.
*Isa. n. a proper name, not un-
common in Z. Also the only name
for Jesus Christ known to Mahom-
medans, often with the addition bin
mi.
Isha, v. end, come to an end,
bring to an end, make an end of,
finish, close, complete. (The infini-
tive form kwisha is frequently used
after some tense pfxs. of the indie,
mood, ts].. nn, /<;, nit, and after the
relative in a verb-form, e.g. ame-
kwisha, alipokwisha. On the other
ie initial * of the root often
coalesces with preceding a in other
pfxs. and forms the usual c sound,
e.g. wakes ha for ivakaisha, they
finished, and with a preceding * is
often hardly heard, as in pumzi
limenisha, my breath has come to
an end, and akisha, upon his finish-
ing. It is preserved, however, after
/*, e.g. aJtisAa, not alish>
use of the infin. form cf. ita,
iva, t'6a, oga, uza.) Mancno yatne-
. the debate has come to an
end. Akala akesha akaenda take, he
ate and when he had done he went
Akapigana nao akawaisha,
he fought with them and killed them
all. fai'ishti kazi, to finish a job.
Isha is constantly nsed as a semi-
y of time, expressing com*
emphatically than the
tense pfx. me. Thus used it is com*
monly followed by the root-form of
the principal verb, without th
Amekwii
has already done it, he has com-
pleted it. Alipokwisha ku;
he had actually arrived, -a kwisha,
last, extreme, worst. Ps. ishwa.
Nt. ishika. Aimeishwa na fctha,
my money has come to an end. Jlai-
ishiki, it cannot be completed. Ap.
ish-ia, -iwa. Mke wangu ameni-
ishia mali, my wife has used up my
money. Nimeishiwa wait, my dish
of rice has come to an end. Ngoje
nikuishit maneno, wait till I finish
my message to you. Also a further
Ap. form ish-ilia, -iliwa, -t'/izti,
-i/izwa, marking completion for some
special purpose or of a particular
kind. Wakaishiliza tnu'czi, they
waited for the month to come to an
end. So of mwaka, kazi, ntaneno,
when there is a particular object in
view. (Cf. ingilia, toshclea^pigiliay
&c.) Cs. ishiza, ishisha (seldom
heard). (Cf. mivisho, and >\u.
tiniiza, kamilisha, kotnesha.
Dist. ishi, in some forms identical,
e. K. haishi.}
*Isha, n. See Esha.
*Ishara, n. sign, token, signal,
mark, omen, indication, warning,
hint, crucial case, remarkable fact,
a wonder. Tumeona i. mwaka him ,
we have seen a wonderful thing this
year. Tia i., put a mark on. Toa /.,
make a signal. (Ar. Cf. ashiria,
'.. dalili, a/arna.)
*Ishi, v. last, endure, continue,
live, remain. Aishi rniltlf, may he
live for ever. Mti huu kauishi sana,
this wood does not last long. (Ar.
Cf. anshi, ntaisha.}
laivyo, verb-form, used asa general
Negat. Conj., as (in a way that) is
rresj.dnding {<* aclvcrbial USC
of forms in vi, vyo (kin .
&c.).
lalamu. n. (i) (wa- and ma-), a
Mahommedan; (a) the Mahomme-
. Islam.
M (kind). (C.
:it, Mwislamti.
also salarnu, salintu. &c.) Also
mmedan.
latiaka, n. dropsy. (A:
ITA
110
JA
Ita, v. call, call to, summon, invite,
name. (For use of kwita &c. in
some forms see notes on Isha.)
Awukmtnda ktimwifa, he has gone
to call him. Ps. itwa. Unakwit-
wa, you are summoned, somebody
wants you. Amek-wenda kwitwa,
some one has gone to call him.
ISt. itika, be called, obey a summons,
answer to a call, respond, acknow-
ledge a salute, reply. Alikwitwa
akaitika, he was called, and replied.
Nyote mivaitika Vuga, you all ac-
cept the supremacy of Vuga. Itika
rathi, give a favourable reply, assent.
Hence itik-ia, -iwa, answer for,
reply to, correspond to, and in music
accompany, follow the lead of, chime
in, and fig. correspond to, harmonize
with, suit, agree with. Itikiza,
cause to reply, teach harmony to,
also Intens.,' assent to, give a reply.
Itikizana, reply to each other, all
shout together in response, acclaim,
correspond, harmonize, sing (play)
in harmony. Ap. it-ta, -iwa, call
to, summon for (by, in, &c.). Aka-
taaye kuitwa, htikataa aitiwalo, he
who rejects a call, rejects what he is
called for. Cs. it-isha, -ishwa
(seldom used). Rp. if ana. (Cf.
mwitOj and syn. alika. Also taja,
name, mention by name.)
*Ita, v. cast in a mould (Str.).
(? Wita. Cf. Ar. su6u, and kiwita.}
*Italassi, n. satin. (Arab.)
*Ithini, v. sanction, allow, au-
thorize, assent to. Ps. ithiniwa.
Nt. ithinika. Ap. ithin-ia, -iwa.
Cs. ithin-isha, -ishwa. n. sanc-
tion, permission, authorization, leave.
Akataka i. ya hupandajuu, he asked
for leave to go upstairs. Too. i.,
sanction, authorize. (Ar. Cf.
syn. ruhusu, ruksa, kubali, rithia,
sahihisha.)
Iva, v. alSo Wiva, (i) become
ripe, get ripe, mature, become cooked
(done, fit to eat), come to a head;
(2) fig. come to a point, be ready
for action (or, execution), be fully
prepared. Etnbe zittaiva, the man-
goes are ripening. Nyama irneiva,
the meat is cooked. Ap. ivia.
Cs. iv-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. -bivu,
-pevu, and tayari.}
-ivu, a. also -wivu, jealous, en-
vious.' (Cf. uwivu, and hasidi.
N. -ivu sometimes for -bivu, ripe,
and dist. ifu-ifu.}
Iwapo, verb-form, when (where)
it is, when (where) they are, Pfx. i-
agreeing with D 6 (S) and D 2 (P),
-wa, from the verb Jkuwa, and rela-
tive -po, of place, time, or condition
generally. Used as a conj. when, if,
in case, supposing, even if, although.
Iwapo una akili, tikae, if you have
sense, wait. See -wa, v., and po.
Izara, n. slander, disparagement,
backbiting. (Ar. Cf. aziri, for
common masingizio, &c.)
J.
J represents (i) in words of Arabic
origin the same sound as j in jar.
As in different Arabic dialects, J and
G are sometimes interchanged (cf.
ginsi,jinsi). (a) In words of Bantu
origin, a very similar sound in Zan-
zibar, which elsewhere may be better
represented by dy (of. ch for ty, and
t at Mombasa), and is used for d, y,
and a, in some words common in
neighbouring dialects, and so par-
tially current in Zanzibar.
The sound of /is often practically
indistinguishable from that of Ch.
Hence words not found under J
may be looked for under Ch, or G.
J-, for ji-, in nouns and adjectives,
before roots beginning with a vowel.
See Ji-.
Ja, v. (i) come; (2) of events,
happen, turn out, result. As in other
monosyllabic verb-roots the Infini-
tive form kuja is used as the root
form in some tenses (see Ku-), and
yu is commonly prefixed to 3 Pers.
Sing, of Pres. Indie., i. e. yuaja for
aja. The Imperative in this verb
only is irregular, viz. njoo, njooni,
JA
111
JAA
for a Pers. Sing, and Plur. Alikuja
nyumbani, he came to the house.
Naj& kwako na barua hii, I approach
you with this letter. Umekuja ku-
shtakiwa, some one has come to accuse
you. Atakuja kttuawa, he will come
to be killed, he will some day be
killed. Ap.jia, Jiwa,Jika,Jiana,
come to (for, about, at, in, &c.).
Mancno tuliyojia kwako ni hayo t
that is the errand on which we came
to you. Siku ttliyojia, the day on
which you came. Mgeni amtnijia
leo, a visitor has come to me to-day.
The passive is used by itself of re-
ceiving visits, e. g. nimejiwa, I have
had a visitor, I have a friend with
me. Jika, be approachable, be
accessible. Mji huu haujiki, this
town is not to be entered. Rd.
Jiajia, and ? jajia, of repeated or
troublesome arrivals. \Vananijiajia
tu, they keep on bothering me with
visits. Also Rf.ji/ia, e. g. nikawa
knjijia "zangu hatta chini, and I just
fell anyhow (helplessly) to the
bottom I lence a further
A p. jih'a, Jiliwa, Ji liana, Jiliza,
come to (at, for, &c.) with a special
purpose, in a special way. Cs.
,;se. Ja (like isha, and tod)
if occasionally used as a semi-auxiliary
followr rb in its root-form,
e.g. amekuja twaa, he has come to
. he actually takes (or, has
:kuja ua watu, '
come to killing people, he will posi-
tively commit murder. And it regu-
larly furnishes the formative element
ree forms of the Swahili verb-
system, viz. {a) in the Deferred
Tense, with a N tix pre-
hajaja, he has not yet
come, and '/>) in its Subjunctive form,
hout his )<
Obs. alsoyVz for/V sometimes
'.liter case, e.g.
asijclal
\'<-). Also Ja is traceable
without a negative preceding, e.g.
ujaonapi? where have you yet seen?
Also there is a semi-auxiliary use of
-sija, -sijc, e. g. wasijc kuthurika,
lest they come to be hurt. Asije
knja mitt mwingine akatuthunt, lest
another man chance to come and hurt
us. (c) In the ' tense of Possible
Condition ' (Str.),i. e. with the relative
-po, of time, place, or condition, e. g.
nijapolala, siivczi kugcnka t even if I
lie down, I cannot turn over, ll'a-
Japo kuja, even if they come. Wajapo
hawaji, though they do not come.
And n. ijapo, and even Japo, used as
conjunctions simple, even if, sup-
posing that, although. (Cf. nj't'a,
uj't'a, majilio, of arriving, fika, wasi/i,
and contr. enda, go. Ja appears to
be one of the few roots occurring
very widely in Bantu from Uganda to
Zululand, and also in Arabic.)
Jaa, v. (i) become full (of); (2)
fill up a given space, be plentiful,
abound, swarm. Used of any vessel
or space, and of its contents. Mtun^i
umejaa niaji, the pitcher is full of
water. Maji yamejaa mtungini, the
water fills the pitcher. Inchi imejaa
///;'//, the country abounds in trees.
Nzige walijaa kotekote, locusts swarm-
ed everywhere. Alaji ya knjaa (ya
kupwa), high (low) tide. Ps.yawa,
be filled, be full, like Act. but esp. of
what are not the natural, suitable,
usual contents. Jawa na hofu (wa-
zirmi, kibttri), be filled with fear
(frenzy, conceit). Ap./a-//<.'
be full up lo,Jalia Mattii Ju
usual; dist. Jalia from Jali\ Ja-
nil up,
cause to fill (or, be filled), mak
full. Cs. jaza, j'astoa, make full,
fill (the
eating a step further, a more complete
(or additional tilling). (Cf.u/a/i/u,
Joa, n. rubbish heap, <h
place where dust and refuse are
thrown. Mkttu ni Jaa, ? a great
man is a dust heap. (Ar.)
*Ja, n. ti c. point of
the compass (Arab.). (The north-
JABALI
112
JAMBO
ward direction is in Z. kaskazini,
kibla^
*Jabali, n. (ma-}, (i) a rock, hill,
cliff, mountain ; (2) rock (as a sub-
stance), stone; (3) raised line of
needlework across the back in a native
dress, kanzu. (Ar. Cf. mwamba,
mlimajiwe.}
*Jabari, n. Supreme Ruler, Ma
hommedan title of God. (Arab.)
*Jadiliana, v. Rp. argue together,
reason with each other. (Ar. Cf.
syn. hujiana, bishana, semezana.)
*Jaha, n. honour, glory, prosperity
Mtu alioshiishiwaj., a man who was
granted good fortune. Kilango cha
j., the Gate of Paradise. (Ar.)
*Jahazi, n. ship, vessel, of any
description. (Ar. Cf. chombo,
merikebu^)
*Jahili, a. reckless, foolish, rash,
precipitate, unthinking. (Arab.
Cf. mjinga.*)
*Jalada, n. and Jelada, (i) cover
of a book, binding; (2) whip.
(Arab, leather. Cf. mjehdi,jehdi.}
*Jali, v. give honour to, heed,
respect, reverence. (Ar. Cf. syn
heshimu, sikia, hofu.}
*Jalia, v. Ap. grant (to), give
power (opportunity) to, enable, be
gracious (to), esp. of God's favour
and help. Muungu akimjaha, if
God helps me, God willing. Ps.
jaliwa Ntakiuenda nikijaliwa, J
will go, if I can (if I am allowed,
if all is well, God willing). Lijali-
-walo kuwa, halina uzuio, what is
allowed to happen, there is no pre-
venting. (Ar. Cl.sayidia,banki,
w&zesha. Dist. jalia from jaa, v. )
*Jaluba, n. small ornamental box
of metal. (Ar. ? Turkish. Cf.
a
*Jamaa, n. a number of persons
gathered or connected together, family,
society, company, assembly, gather-
ing, meeting. Mtu wa j., member
of a family, kinsman. Enyij. waho-
huthuria hapa (on addressing an
audience), my friends here present.
Also of a single person, one of a
family, friend. Huyu ni /, this
person is a connexion (friend) of
mine. - v. See Jamii. (Ar.
Cf. jamii, junta, and syn. ndugu t
mkutano^}
*Jamala, n. courtesy, good man-
ners, elegance, grace, gracious (kind,
obliging) behaviour. J. yako haiku-
potei, you will not lose by your kind-
ness. (Ar. Cf. syn. adabu, ma-
daha, fathili.}
*Jamanda, n. (ma-'), a round
basket of plaited grass, usually with
a cover. Used as a blinker for camels,
hence macho yangu yametiwa maje-
manda, kama ngamia, my eyes have
got blinkers like a camel. (Cf.
kijamanda, kidoto, and for baskets
generally kikapo^)
Jamani, a. also Jaman, Jerman,
German. See Dachi, which is more
usual.
Jamba, v. break wind with noise.
n. (ma-}, breaking wind. (Cf.
shuta, shuzi.}
*Jambia, n. also Jamvia, i
curved broad-bladed dagger, worn in
the belt by Arabs, often highly orna-
mented. /. lameta kumoja, the dagger
is bright on one side. / kiunoni na
bakora mkononi, dagger at waist and
stick in hand.
Jambo, n. (mambo), (i) matter,
affair, circumstance, business, thing
(never of a concrete kind, which is
kitu\\ (a) matter of importance,
difficulty, trouble; (3) for sijambo,
hujambo, see below. /. hili gumu
sana, this matter is a very difficult
one. Amenitenda killa j. la wema,
he has treated me with every possible
kindness. Mambo ya serkali, political
(public, official) affairs. Ulimwengu
una mambo, the world is full of
troubles. Jambo (sometimes ya-
mbo) is the commonest form ot
greeting for all classes in Z. * How
do you do ? ' and also the commonest
form of reply, ' I am quite well,
/aw^thususedrepresentsmthe gree
JAMDANI
113
JARARI
ing hujambo (or strictly hunajambo,
though this is never heard), and hu-
jambo is the more correct and respect-
ful form, spoken interrogatively, i. e.
You have nothing the matter with
you? Nothing the matter? You are
well? Similarly in the reply, jambo
is for the more correct sijambo, i. e.
sina jambo, I have nothing the matter,
I am quite well. Jambo with the
Negat. Pfx. of the Pres. Tense is used
as a verb, with the special sense of
being well or improving in health or
general condition, both of persons
and things, e.g. sijambo, I am well,
I am better, matters are improving
with me. Inchi yote sasa haijambo,
the whole country is now in a good
state, ffaijambo, it (the weather) is
fine. Cf. the corresponding use of
the Negat. Pres. of wtza, i. e. siwfzi,
huwezi, &c., I am ill. Somt times
jambo is thus used with other tense
t'tntoa rtyoka, hukujambo
lolott, you got the snake out, but you
were none the better for it. Jla-
jambo, like hcrwczi, is sometimes used
adjectivally, e.g. nikapata hajambo,
I got well. 7'nkawa sote hajambo,
rc were all getting on well.
(Cf. arnba, orig. speak, ji-ambo,
jambo , a subject of speech, thing
talked of, affair. Cf. ntti,
. thing. Contr. kitu, a con-
>ubstance.)
*Jamdnni, n. white brocade,
c Nguo.)
*Jamli, v. (i) collect together, but
commonly Cs. jami-isha, -ishwa, in
same sense ; (a) copulate. n.
and Jamia, a collection of objects,
group, company, number, mass, body,
./ watoto, a lot of
:i. J. ya trial i, the whole of
of money. /. ya M
bench of judges. J. ya n
mass of men, most people, the public.
J. ya m ant no, the words t
the whole sentence,
Also as adv., in a mass, coll<
as a whole, all together. ll\ :
all the lot, the whole lot. (Ar.
CLjamaOtfttmOj and syn. kusanyu.)
Jamvi, n. (ma-}, a piece of floor-
matting, of the common coarse kind,
made of plaited strips of leaf, used in
houses, mosques, shops, &c. J. la
kutandika chini tiyurnbani, matting
to spread on the floor in houses.
>ikeka, ntsala.}
*Jamvia, n. See Jambia.
Jana, n. and adv., yesterday, day
before the present, period preceding
ihe present. Siku ya jana. yester-
day. Mioaka iva jana, last year.
(Cf.juzi, teo, &c.)
Jana, n. (ma-), (i) a fine, large
child, e. g. jana dume, a very fine
boy. (Cf. mivana.) (a) A youth,
lad (cf. the common kijana in same
sense). (3) Grub, larva, young (of an
insect). Majana ya nyitki, bees in
the grub stage (cf. butt). Ilamna
asi/i, twajitafunia majana, there is
no honey (in the comb), we are just
munching grubs. (From same root
as mwana, which see.)
Manaba, n. pollution, defilement,
esp. ceremonial, according to Ma-
hommedan rule. (Ar. Cf. una-
jisi, ujusi, uchafu.)
Jangwa, n. (ma-), desert, wilder-
ness, waste, barren groumi.
(desolate) country. (Yorji-angwa
cf. wangwa, and syn. nyika t poli,
/w/w/w.)
n. (ma-), leaf, blade of grass.
. , leaves, grass, h<
. green, as a col
Japo, conj. also IJapo, even if,
-.{* as a tense sign,
and auxiliary, see -jo. (Cf. syn.
iwapo, kwamba.}
*Jarari, n. or Jerari, hall
a rope running through a j-ulK-y
(abfdari) on < :
attached to the thicker rope (hcnsa),
by which the mam yard and sail of a
rssel are hoisted. SecTanga,
and
JAKIBU
114
JEMBE
*Jaribu, v. (i) experience, make
trial of, attempt, try, test, .prove,
only incidentally with any idea of
tryi'ng, in the sense of ' do one's best,'
'make an earnest endeavour' (for
which see jitahidi, kaza, fanya, bi-
dii, shikd} ; (2) in moral sense, test,
tempt. Akajaribu kuuiikisa mti,
he tried shaking the tree. /. safari,
attempt a journey. /. upanga, make
trial of a sword. Ps. jaribiwa.
H\..jaribika, be liable (open) to test
(or, temptation). Ap. jarib-ia,
-iwa, -tana, make an attempt on,
have a try at (for, with, in, &c.)
Cs. jarib-isha. n. (ma-}, (i)
trial, proof, test, attempt; (2) that
which tries (tests, proves the nature
or mettle), a trial, trouble, difficulty.
(Ar. Cf. syn. onja, angalia, ta-
zamia}
Jarifa, n. (ma-}, drag-net, seine,
of European make. (Cf. juya,
kimia, wavu.}
Jasho, n. (i) sweat, perspiration;
(2) high temperature, sultriness,
heat, causing perspiration. Haku-
laliki nyumbani kwaj., it is too hot
to sleep indoors. Fanya (toko} j.,
perspire, sweat. (Cf. hari, moto
mvuke.}
*Jasi, n. (i) a kind of soft friable
stone (chalk, gypsum, pumice)
rubbed on the fingers when plaiting
mats. (Ar. Cf. chaki.} (2) (ma-}.
ornament worn in the lower lobe o
the ear, often a round silver plate
(Cf. kipuli, kipini, and for orna-
ments, urembo.}
*Jasiri, v. be bold, dare, venture
risk, make a brave (foolhardy, ven
turesome) effort. Amejasiri njia
peke yoke, he risked travelling alone
Ps.jasirzwa. ~N\..jasirika. Ap
jasiria, venture on, make a try at
Cs. jasir-isha, -ishwa, and Intens
a. brave, venturesome, foolhardy
(Ar. Cf. ujasiri, and syn. thubutu
-gttmu, shujaa,jahili.}
Jawa, v. Ps. of Jaa, v., which see
*Jawabu, n. (ma-}, (i) answer
eply, cf. jibu\ (2) affair, matter,
:oncern, cLjatnbo. J. Ihve lote, be
he matter what it may. Amefanya
'. knu, he has done a great thing.
J. la kesho huandaa leo, the business
f to-morrow one gets ready for to-day.
*Jaza, v. and Jazi, reward, make
a present to, grant favour to, give
maintenance (to), supply (to), re-
quite, punish. Muungu amemjaza
mengi, God has been bountiful to
lim. Ap. jaz-ia, -iwa, -izilia,
iziliwa. (Ar. Cf. tuza, lipa, -pa
lhawabu, &c.) n. (ma-} and
jazi,jazo, gift, reward. (Ar. Cf.
bakshishi, zawadi.}
*Jaza, n. Cs. of Jaa, which see.
*Jazi, a. sufficient, plentiful, com-
mon. Kitu hiki ni j. mjini, this
article is common in the town.
Vyombo mj\, the vessels are nume-.
rous. ( Ar. Cf. syn. -ingi, tele, mari-
thawa, Scc.) - n. also Juza,
which see, and Jazo.
Je, interr. particle, How? Well?
What now ? Answer me ! Tell me !
Je, bwana, hujambo ? Well, sir, how
are you ? Je? ni halali ? Tell me,
is it lawful ? Often affixed to verbs.
Amejibuje? How did he answer?
What is his reply? Kumekuwaje
huko? How did matters go there?
What happened? Nifanyejel How am
I to act ? What shall I do ? (Cf.
nini,ginsigani.}
*Jebu, n. (ma-}, an ornament
worn by women hanging under the
chin, often from the veil. (Cf.
urembo.}
Jego, n. See Chego.
*Jelidi,v.bind, a book, esp.with
leather. Ps. jelidiwa. (Ar.
Cf. jalada, mjeledi.)
Jema, a. form of -ema, good
(which see), agreeing with D 5 (S).
*Jemadari, n. (ma-\ command-
ing officer (of soldiers), general.
(? Hind. Cf. amiri, afsa.}
Jembe, n. (-), hoe, of native
make, the common instrument of cul-
tivation, a flat pear-shaped piece of
JENEZA
115
JI
"hammered iron with a spike (msuka)
passing through, and fixing it to,
a short stout wooden handle (kipinf).
J. la ktzitngu, a spade. Piga /,
hoe, use a hoe (or, strike with a hoe).
Dim. kijembe. (Cf. wemfo.}
*Jeneza, n. a bier, i. e. kitanda
cha kuchuRulia tutu aliyekitfa, abed-
stead for cam-ing a dead person (to
the grave). Jt has handles and a
frame to support a covering. Or an
ordinary kitanda is used, turned up-
side down. (Ar. Cf. machela,
tusi.}
Jenga,v. construct, build a house
in the native way, of poles, sticks,
mud, grass, &c., not of masonry (see
Aka, TJashj), but also extended to
building in general. J. nyumbaya
miti na udongo, build a house of
poles and clay. Also j. merikebu,
build a ship but this is more usually
undo]. Ps. jengwa. Nt. jeng-
eka. A p. jeng-ea, -ewa, build
for (with, in addition to, at, &c.).
Nyttmba hii imcjengtwa, this house
has been added to, enlarged. Cs.
jeng-esha, ~eshwa, cause to build,
have built (Cf. jengo, mjengo,
(;/:/, also aka,
Jengo, n. (wtf-), a building, a
building op< rial for build-
ing, a house, shed, enclosure. Ton
/., design, draw, make a plan of
a building. J. la mawe na chokaa,
a structure of stones and
o, building materials. (Cf.
jenga.}
Jengtia, v. Kv. of Jcn^
a building to pieces, demolish, pull
down. (Cf. jcnga y and the more
usual syn. MMM,
Jen/: building, mode of
building. \dio majenti yao Wo-
dot, that is the way the Doc tribe
i. (Cf./V/lfB, W/VWSI.)
Jeraha, n. ( , a:
wound , a sore, ulcer. 1 -
! . Pataj. , be wounded.
(Ar. Cf. follg.)
*Jeruhi, v. be wounded. (Ar.
Cf. jeraha^ majeruhi.')
*Jeshi, n. (ma-}, a great company,
assemblage, host, troop, army. J. la
asikari, an army, usually a larger
body than kikosi, or kundi.
(changa, kusanyd} J., muster (levy,
enrol) an army.
*Jesila, n. See Jizla.
Jetea, v. rely on, trust to, be con-
fident in, be puffed up by. Jetea
ulimwettgu, rest the hopes on this
world, of a worldly person (;////-
inwengit). Rf. jijetea, be self-con-
fident, be self-reliant, be arrogant.
Mwananike httyu anajetea iijana
wake, this woman relies on her youth-
fulness, as her stock-in-trade. (Cf.
ttgemca, egernea, tumaini.jivttna^]
*Jethamu, n. a kind of leprosy, or
elephantiasis. (Arab.)
"Jeuri, n. violence, outrage, bru-
tality, assault, injustice, oppression.
Mtvenyi j., a tyrant, oppressor, ruf-
fian. tanya (piga, toa)J., act in a
violent (brutal, outrageous) way.
a. and -jeuri, violent, tyrannical,
&C. (Ar. Cf. tijt'iiri, an<l syn.
uthalintn, thulunnt. shuri, nkoroji,
and opp. upole, haki, odiH.}
Ji (before vowels often j-) a prefix
used as I. formative only, (a) initial,
before roots of (i) noun of D -.
when they would be otherwise
syllabic in the Singular, e.g. jiu*c
(plur. mawf, not rn>:
(plur. rntiJu\ n. , jino
^plnr. tnftto, for tna-ti:
nn i in the root),/'i&> (j)lur. ".
niaiko). (a N Ikvlinalil-
or be-
gins with a vowel, to mark agree*
th 1> 5 - s ,
>ia, Ac. (6)
, lietween ki- iliminut!
the root of i
plur., esp. when con fusion niig!
wise arise with a different win
kijitu,
thing), kijiti. dim. of tnti (not kiti,
a seat), kijiko (not kiko t a
I 2
JIA
116
JICHO
kijiwe (noikiwe), kijibwa.(rif>t kibivd).
It also occurs in dim. of neno, kiji-
ncno for kineno. (3) Terminal, at-
tached to nouns directly formed from
a verb, and commonly conveying the
notion of habitual, customary, general
action or condition, e. g. from iga,
imitate, mwiga, one who imitates,
and mwigaji, a regular imitator,
caricaturist, from omt>a,beg, mwomba,
one who begs, prefers a request, mw-
ombaji, a professional beggar. (Cf.
ulaji, gluttony, as a quality, habit,
and obs. such words as kinywaji,
that which is drunk, a beverage, in
contr. with kinywa, mouth, where ji
is mainly distinctive). 2. Amplifica-
tive, i. e. denoting relative largeness,
before any suitable monosyllabic
noun, and some dissyllables, e.g.
jitu,jibwa, jisu, jiguu, jumba (Ji-
umba, cf. nyumba), jombo (ji'-ombo,
cf. chomb6},jivuli,jinywa. (Contr.
ki, as corresponding diminutive pre-
fix.) 3. Reflexive, in verbs (often
strengthened by a nafsi following)
and verbal nouns (e. g.Jisifu, maji-
sifu, jivuna, majivuno, &c.), and
either (a) simple, jiua, commit sui-
cide, jifi cha, hide oneself, jihathari,
guard oneself, jiweka vema, behave
oneself, or (/;) with a range of mean-
ings both wide and delicately shaded,
mostly centring on such ideas as in-
dependence, wilfulness, selfishness,
interested action, personal aims and
objects, or again, carelessness, in-
difference, random or chance action,
&c., and capable of conveying alike a
gross insult, or a subtle inuendo.
A few examples are :jienda, of easy,
automatic, perpetual motion. Ji-
endea, take a walk (for pleasure),
run amuck (like a madman). Jijia,
come on one's own concerns (inde-
pendently), jog along. Nikawa ku-
jijia zangu chini, so I simply fell
helplessly to the bottom. Jikohoza,
give a significant cough. Jigonjw-
eza, feign sickness, sham. Jiona,
be conceited. Jikalia, lead a life of
ease and idleness. Jupiiia, go about
one's own devices. Kizee ajipitie
impendezav'yo, the old lady can go
about her business as she likes. Ji-
being a prefix of such common use
and wide application, words not
found under ji- may be looked for
under the letter following/*-. (Obs.
sometimes a simple objective person
pfx. is used for the reflexive /*'-, e. g.
nikanyiva mvinyo nikanilevya, and
I drank wine, and made myself
drunk. Umtkttepuka na rehcma ya
Muungu, you have shut yourself out
from God's mercy.)
Jia, v. Ap. of Ja, which see.
*Jibini, n. cheese. (Arab.)
*Jibu, v. answer, reply, respond,
retort. Ps. jibiwa, be answered,
receive in answer, &c. Nt.ji&ta,
be answerable, admit of an answer,
&c. (also jibikana. in same senses).
Ap. j'ib-ia, -iwa, -tana, e. g.Jibiana
kwa waraka, correspond (by letter).
Cs. jib'iza, -izwa, -isha, -iskwa.
-izana. Akamjibisha majibu, and
he compelled him to reply, or, and
he caused an answer to be given to
him (the other person). Jibizana,
e. g. of a class conducted by method
of question and answer. n. (ma-},
answer, reply, retort, response.
Commonly in plur. leta majibu >
bring an answer. Pa (toa)j., give an
answer. (Ar. Cf. jawabu, ma-
jibu, rarely jib'ile^jibio. Dist. jipu.
Jibwa, n. (ma~\ a very large dog.
(Cf. mb-wa, kijibwa^)
Jicho, n. (macho), (i) eye.
Fumba /., close the eye. Fumbua
/., open the eye. Finya j., half
close the eye. Kazaj., look fixedly,
rivet the eye. 7 "upaj. t cast a glance.
Ngariza /., glare, stare. Pepesa
(jicho), wink. Macho is often used
of wakefulness, or being awake, and
fig. of vigilance, as n., a., and adv.
Ana macho, or yu macho, he is
awake. Kaa macho, remain awake,
keep watch at night (cf. kesha)..
JIFTJ
117
JINYWA
:nua macho, they were awake.
(3) Spring, place where water bub-
m the ground. Jit ho la,
ninji, a spring of water. (Cf. chem-
chemi.} (3) Bud of a flower, when
n ing. ^C f. ttimba , c h ipukizi. )
Macho ya ////<7wa(?), husks of millet.
. Pcrh. cf. -cha, v. dawn, and, for
conditions of the eye, upogo, upofu,
. maktngeza, chambachajicho^)
Jifu.n. (w<7-),usu. in plur. ashes,
of burnt material. ( I'erh. d,jifya.}
-jifujifu, sometimes used as ' grey,
ash-coloured, ashy.' (Cf. ifu-ifu.}
Jifya, n. (mafya}, cooking
stone, one of the three used to sup-
port a cooking-pot over the fire.
Not usu. in Z. town. (Cf.jifu, and
Jigamba, v. Rf. of gamba (which
is not used), vaunt oneself, boast,
brag, show off. Ap. jigambia.
Other forms rare. (Cf.syn.jisi/u,
na.}
Jijiri.n.orchichiri. SecKijiri.
Jika, v. go to stool, in Z. tnda
chooni. See Choo.
Jike, n. (wa-), female animal.
Punda /., an ass. Bat a /, a duck.
. kijikc, and contr. ndtitnc.
Jiko, n. (meko\ fire-place,
kitchen. * Often in the locat
ikoni, the kitchen. Mtoto wa
jikcni, under-cook, scullery boy.
Mkaa jikoni, a stay-at-home. The
plur. mfko is used most commonly in
Z. for the (three) stones which sup-
port a t over the i
mawe \ ! ittngu chu
rnots. (Cf. figa* an
jifya, and/i-.)
Jilio, n. (ma-"), coming, approach,
plural. (Cf. jio,
' ./")
Jim; , (i) a male fowl,
/. i '-n . the
ootpora.) (a) A plant,
of "In aves and roots are
eaten (Colocasia edulis, Sac.). (Cf.
Jimbo, n. (ma-), inhabited coun-
try, district, province. (Cf. wilaya,
which is used of the administrative
divisions of Zanzibar Island.)
Jina, n. (w#-), name, i. e. proper
name. J. lako nani! What is your
name ? J. la kupangwa, nickname
(borrowed name). Tin (-/a) /.,
give a name (to). Taj a mtu /.,
mention a person by name.
Jinaraisi, n. (tna-\ (i) bending
(oneself) down, bowing down, e.g.
mahali pa jinamisi, a place where
you must bend down, (a) fig. hu-
mility, self-humiliation. (3) Night-
mare. J f limenilemea, I am op-
pressed by a nightmare. (Cf. inama t
and ji'. )
Jingi, n. (ma-\ one of the two
upright posts of a native frame for
rope-making, supporting a cross
board (bau lajingi). Also a form of
^rct-ing with D 5 (S).
*Jini, n. (/////-), a spirit, genius
a supernatural (created) being,
powerful and capricious, but not
always like shetani, malignant.
(Ar. See Pepo.)
Jino, n. (tncno\ (i) tooth; (2)
various objects resembling a tooth,
as projecting, gripping, catching,
e -E- CO K (f a wheel), ward (of a
lock), strand (of a rope), plug (of
tobacco), battlement (on a wall), &c.
K a mini ya meno mo tat it, a rope of
.'<; tttmbakO)
si kifandc, a whole plug of tobacco,
ut a tooth,
of a child. Ngoaj., extract a tooth,
have a tooth out Nau
a tooth-ache, also j. .'
la mtwlt, incisor, front tooth. J. la
. back tooth, molar. Toa
meno, show the teeth.
mtno, gnaw, nibble, chew with the
teeth, -a meno-mtno, bnulcmcntcd,
jagged, serrated. (Cf. ckonp,
fmbe, kibogoyo.}
*Jinsi, n. sc:
class, also commonly ginsi,
see. (Ar.)
Jinywa, n. (ma-) t a large month,
JIO
118
JIWE
esp. as an insulting term, e. g. ziba
jinyiva lako, stop that great mouth
of yours, shut up. (Cf. common
kinywa t kamua, and nya}
Jio, n. (0*0-), coming, approach.
Seldom used. Jio la ustku, approach
of night, evening. (Cf. follg. and ujio,
jilio, njia, also/zVz, Ap. form oija.}
Jiona, Jipevua, Jipotoa. See
Ona, Pevua, Potoa, and Ji-.
Jioni, loc. form of jio used as n.
or adv., evening, in the evening.
Jioni hivi (or, hii, or, led], this even-
ing. (Cf. jio, and syn. kuchwa,
mshuko wajua, magaribi, and contr.
assubuhi.}
Jipu, n. (ma-}, boil, abscess. J.
laiva, the boil is coming to a head.
J. limetumbuka, the boil has burst.
/. litatoka usaha, the boil will dis-
charge. (Cf. upele, kidonda.}
Jipunguza, Jipurukusha. See
Pungusa, Purukusha, and Ji-.
Jipya, n. new, agreeing with
D 5 (S). See -pya.
*Jirani, n. (ma-}, (i) neighbour,
one living near ; (2) anything near,
adjacent, adjoining, on the boundary.
Nyumba yangu ni j. ya nyumba
yake, my house is next to his.
Shambaj., adjacent estate. (Ar.
Cf. ujirani, mpaka mmoja, pakia.}
*Jiri, v. come to pass, take place,
take effect. Haikujiri neno, it has
no effect. Cs.jirisha. Mfalme
akaijiirisha s/ieria, the king gave
effect to the laws, enforced the law.
( Ar. for common tukia, tokea,ja, wa,}
*Jiriwa, n. (ma-}, also Iriwa, a
screw vice.
Jisifu, v. Rf. of sifu (which see),
boast, brag, vaunt oneself, sing one's
own praises, advertise oneself. n
usu. in plur. majisifu, self-praise,
boasting. See Ji.
Jisingizia, v. Rf. of Singizia
(which see).
.Jisu, n. (ma-}, a large knife
(Cf. kisu, kijisu.}
*Jitahidi, v. make an effort, exert
oneself, try hard, strain at. Cs.
jitahidisha, in intens. sense, make a
threat effort. n. effort, endeavour,
exertion. Jitahidi haiondoi amri ya
Muungu, human effort is powerless
against God's will. (Ar. -ji not
reflexive, cf. juhudi from same root,
and syn.fanya bidii, kaza, shifca.}
Jiti, n. (ma-}, a large tree, a trunk
of a tree, a large piece of wood.
Unapoikamata ngoma, kamata jiti
'ake, when you get hold of a drum,
see you get hold of its wooden part.
(Cf. mti, kijiti, and dist. kiti.}
*Jitimai, n. grief, sorrow, affliction.
Jito,n. (ma-}, also Juto, as from
a root tito, large river, lake. Lake
Nyassa is sometimes spoken of zsjito.
(Cf. mto, kijito, and zi-wa, lake.)
Jitu, n. (ma-}, a very big man.
Anakuwa j. zima, he is becoming a
perfect giant. (Cf. mtu, kijitii, and
syn. pande, ov pandikizi, la mtu, and
dist. kitu, a thing.)
Jivi, n. (ma-}, (i) a great (notori-
ous, famous) thief. (Cf. mwivi, iba}.
(2) A wild hog (Str.).
Jivu, n. (i) (ma-}, ash, also Jifu,
which see ; (2) wooden socket in
which the handle of a native drill
turns. (Cf. keke.)
Jivuli, n. (ma-}, great shadow,
shadow of large object. Jivuli la
mvurno, shadow of borassus palm.
(Cf. mvu/i, kivuli, &c.)
Jiwa, v. Ps. ap. of -ja, be ap-
proached, be visited, have guests.
See -ja.
Jiwe, n. (mawe, or to indicate large
size majiwe}, a stone, a large stone,
a piece of stone, stone (as material).
Nyumba ya mawe, a stone house. *
J. la thamani, a precious stone.
Mawe is used as a contemptuous ex-
pletive, Rubbish ! nonsense! humbug!
I don't believe you ! /. la kusagia, a
mill-stone. J. la manga (see Manga),
a hard close-grained stone, used as
a whetstone (kinoo}. Piga, or pigia,
mawe, throw stones at, stone. Mtupo
waj'iwe, a stone's throw. The stone
of Zanzibar is coral limestone of
JIZLA
119
JTJA
different ages. (Cf. mini'
: :ik<ju'e. kij'iwe, and for different
sizes of stone, mwamba,jabali, kokolo,
char ichanga?)
*Jizla, n. also Jesila, Gesla, a
measure of weight, viz. \ofrasila or
60 pishi, about 350-60 Ib. (Ar.)
Jogoo, n. (ta-} t a male fowl, a
cock. Jogoo lawika, the cock crows.
J. la favanza, first cockcrow, about
2 a.m. J. la pili, second cockcrow,
just before dawn, 4 p.m. Majogoo
ndio saa la shamba, the cock is the
clock in the country. (Cf. jimbi,
fora, kuku.)
*Johari, n. a jewel, a gem, a
precious stone, e. g. zumiiriJi,yakuti,
almaii, feruzi, lulu. Also fig. j. za
mtii ni mbili, akili na haya, the
most precious qualities are these two,
intelligence and modesty. (Ar.
Cf. kilo.)
* Joho, n. ( , and ma-\ (i) woollen
cloth ; (a) a long loose cloth coat or
cloak, open in front, and often richly
embroidered, worn by Arabs and well-
to-do people. (Ar. Cf./focw,and
nguo.}
Joka, n. (ma-) y a very large snake,
in general, a serpent. (Cf. nyoka,
n. ar. '. choka.}
Joko, n. (ma-}, oven, kiln, esp. of
potter's work, a place for baking
earthen vessels, i.e. mahali pa kuokca
vyungv. //', which see, and
oka. Cf.josho, and choko.)
Jombo, n. (ma-), ampl. of chombo,
i. e. ji-ombo, a large utensil, a large
vessel or s (Cf. chombo, ki-
jombo.)
Jongea, v. move (pass) on, make
a move, move, approach. Jongea
ve into shade. Jonget
ove aside and
let me pa&s. :-elea, -(Java,
move to, ap-
; - t n . & i- . . / /;-, .- // ijongelea
hat tii nilipo, and he came close up to
where I was. s. jong-e-.a, -fzwa,
'ttana. (Cf. enda. pita, sogea.
Jongo, n. (/-)> ( ! ) a
back, a ridge, high projection; (2)
a seam, in sewing. J. nene, a large,
projecting seam. (For ji-ongo cf.
ntaongo, or maun go, and gongo,
mgongo (elsewhere mongo\ back,
dorsal ridge, kijongo, kibiongo?)
Jongoo, n. (nia-\ a very large
black millipede, common in Z. and
destructive to crops. Mtupa jongoo
hutupa na ntti wake, he who throws
away a millipede, throws away the
stick it is on as well.
Jororo, a. soft, form of -ororo,
agreeing with D 5 (S). (See -ororo,
and ji.)
Josho, n. (ma-}, for ji-osho, or
same as chosho, i.e. ki-osho, a bathing-
place, a place for washing. (Cf.
oga, osha, and see Chosho.)
Joto, n. (wa-), tot ji-oto, or same
as choto, i.e. ki-oto, great hint, in-
flammation, pyrexia. Pata joto (or
jotojotd)) get hot. (Cf. ota, moto.}
Joya, n. a white spongy substance
sometimes found filling the shell of
a cocoanut, instead of being deposited
as the usual lining of nutty hard
substance on the inside, also the
nut thus filled. Joya la nazi, either
the substance or the nut. Hntc.
nazi, knma . >,ya ndani,
a cocoanut is examined to see if it is
spongy inside. Kama j., t\
porous, full of holes. .Aj
ni j., atakaye huingia, my h
like a- spongy cocoanut, any < :
likes goes into it. (Cf. nazi.)
*Joei, n. (i) a walnut ; (a) a pair,
i ouple, of anything. (Ar.
' nut ' in general. Cf. lozi
consonants are transposed of the Ar.
word for ' pair.')
Jua. n. (w<j-\ (1^1 the sun, sun-
Bather; (a) time of day
(as judged by the position of the sun),
hot weather.
rich-want), time of son
overhead, noonday. /. ku t ha (ku-
panda, kutoka, kuthoni
/. kuchwa (/Ma, sHuka), sunset. J.
JUA
120
JUTA
linaaga mill, the sun is taking farewell
of the trees, ' i. e. is setting. Macho
ya /., sunrise, the Orient, the East.
Machweoyaj., sunset, the West. J.
limekiiiaa alasiri (athuuri, ma-
garibi, &c.) the time of day is after-
noon (noon, evening, &c.). Katika
j. saa nioja, at 7 a.m.
Jua, v. know, know about, under-
stand, be acquainted with. Najua
jambo hilt (nitu huyu}, I know this
affair (this person). Sijui maneno
ya kiunguja, I do not know the
Zanzibar language. Nojiia kufua
chtttna, 1 know smith'swork. Namiua
aliko, I know where he is. Ps.
juliwa. Nt.y/*/&0, be known, be
knowable, be intelligible, and juli-
kana, in the latter sense. Ap.j'u-
ili'.i, -iliwa, know about, &c. Ali-
mjuilia kama amekasirika, he recog-
nized that he was angry. Cs.
(rarely juza), ju-liska, -lishwa, -li-
shana, cause to know, make known,
inform. Also juvya, jtwisha (some-
times meaning 'make impertinent,
provoke to or teach impertinence.'
Cf. -j'uvi). Rp. ju-ana, -ania,
anisha. JVimewajuants/ia, I have
introduced them to each other.
(Cf. -juzi, -juvi, ujtizi, &c., and syn.
fahanm, tambtta.}
*Juba, n. ( , or ma-}, (i) a kind
of coat, vest, or jacket, open in front,
with collar and wide sleeves of cloth
or (unlike the joho) of calico and
linen. (Arab. Cf. joho, kanzu
nguo} (2) A mortising chisel. (Cf
patasi, chembeu}
*Juhudi, n. effort, exertion, strain
ardour, zeal, painful stress, agony
Anaj.ya kazi, he is a zealous worker
Fanya /., take great pains. J. s
pato, trying is not the same as sue
ceeding. (Ar. Cf. jitahidi, an<
cf. syn. bidii, kazi, nguvu.}
*Jukum, n. trader's risk, paymen
for taking risk, insurance. Lipa /
insure (goods, in trading). Ckuku t
j., take the risk, guarantee. (Hind,
used in commerce, cf. syn. bima.)
*Jukwaa, n. (ma-}, also Jukwari,
caffolding, staging, stage, scaffold.
Hind.)
*Juma, n. (i) also Jumaa,
Friday, and more fully Ijumaa, i. e:
he day of assembly, e.g. Kivenyi
iwapo] Jjtimaa, on Friday ; (a)
ma-\ a week. J. moja, one week.
T. zima, a whole week. The days
"ollowing are named from it, i.e.
Tumaa (for Junta yd] most, Saturday,
Tumaa pili, Sunday, Jumaa tatu,
Monday, Jumaa 'nne, Tuesday,
fumaa tano, Wednesday. But Alha-
<nisi, Thursday. See Alhamisi.
^Ar. Cf. jamaa, jamii, junila, and
see Siku. Junta seems also some-
imes used for nj'umu.)
* Jumaa, n. See Juma. Moskiti
wa jumaa, the mosque of the con-
regation. (Arab.)
Jumba, n. (/-), a large house,
mansion, palace. t (For ji-wnba'
f. nyumba, chtiniba, kijumba, &c.)
Jumbe, n. (/-), king, chief, head
man, also called locally dhvani,
shomvi,pasi. (Peih.ji-umb&, from
iimba, cf. kiumbe, and syn. sultani,
falme, ntwinyi, mkuu, and dist.
*Jumla, n. (i) the sum, total, a
lot, all together; (2) in Arithm.
addition. Also adv. wholesale, in
lots. (Ar. Cf.juma,j(imaa, and
n.jamii, shelabela)
*Jumlisha, v. Cs. add up, sum up,
put all together. Ps. jumlishwa.
(Ar. Cl.jumla, and syn. jamiisha,
tiapamoja.}
Jungu, n. (ma-\ a large coc
pot, usually round, of red or black
earthenware, and with a cover. (For
ji-ungu, and cf. kijungu, kichungu,
ungu with pi. nyungu, and for other
vessels, see Chungu, Chombo.)
*Jura, n. (ma-}, also Jora, Gora,
a length of calico, calico in the piece
(of 30 to 35 y<*s). ( ? Ar O ,
Juta, v. regret, feel the loss of,
miss, be sorry for, feel remorse for,
referring to something past. Najuta
JUTO
121
JUZU
mi mi nafsi yangu kufanya nctio hilt,
I am sorry myself for doing this
thing. Jttta tnaovit, feel remorse for
wrongdoing. Ps. jutwa. Nt.
jutika, whence jtttt 'kan a. Ap.jttt-
Cs. jut-isha, -ishwa.
Rp.//tfawa, join in regretting.
juto, also toba, titbit.}
Cf.
Juto, n. (ma-\ (i) regret, remorse,
sorrow for what is past. Fanya ona,
: na, &c.) majttto, feel remorse.
Shikwa (JxUivd) na majuto, have n fit
of remorse. Wakajiita sana majuto
, they very bitterly regretted it.
Majuto ni wjukttu, mwishowe huj'a
kinyumc, remorse is a grandchild, it
comes at last, (a) A form of jito,
a large river. (Cf./w/Vz, toba, and
mto.)
Juu, adv. and (with ya} prep., (i)
of position, above, high up, over,
on, upon, up (to) above, from above.
S on the top (of). /. ya
nyutnba, on the top of the house.
Aliyoko juu, mngojce ch /;//, wait be-
low for the man who is above.
randa j., go upstairs. Shuka j.
ya frasi, dismount from a horse.
Angenda j., hafikilii nif
though he soars high, he does not
get to the sky. Also of rank, dignity,
liye j. ni J., i.e. a great man
\-o juu,
palipo ike, is user!
top of a thing. /><? juu,
here is the top, the highest point.
(2) Resting on, dependent on, obli-
gatory on, morally binding
business of, the duty of, &c. /. yako,
you, are res; Icpcnds upx>n
wfalmc k:.
and above, in addition to, beside.
haya, besides nil this.
him a rupee in n<! . wage*.
4 A!
spect of. with regard to. Mtotc
ni mwa/trnu
'. trrnts his teacher with nil
respect. .- safari
yako, make plans for your journey.
Alisctna mengi j. yake, he talked
a great deal about him. (5) Against,
in opposition to, to the prejudice
(harm, loss) of. Htina nguru j,
yangu, you have no power against
(over) me. Wakaleta vita j. ya
adtti, they made war upon (against)
their enemies. (6) In an excited, per-
plexed, fluttered, alarmed state or
condition (of mind and feeling).
Moyo wake ni j., yuna tnoyoj., he is
excited, has taken offence, is angry,
has lost his head, &c. The Rd.
form jinijtnt is also often u-eil,
with different shades of meaning,
e.g. (i) high up, very high, exalted.
Tazatna kijuujiiu, take a birdseye,
synoptic, general view ; (a) proud,
arrogant, supercilious ; (3) super-
ficial, foolish, shallow, excite
plexed , &c. IVakaulizwa ya junjuii ,
they were asked the usual formal
(civil) questions. Mamboyajuujmi,
indifferent matters, gossip, topic of
the hour. Tukasemezana juujuu,
we had a chat together. (Contr.
(h ini.}
Juvisha, Juvya, v. Cs. See
Jua, v.
Juya, n. nc, drag-net,
made of native materials. (CL/arifa,
want, kimia.}
Juea, v. Cs. See Jua, v.
Juai, n. (wa-}, the day before
yesterday. J. na jana si Xv
Ito, yesterday, and the day before,
are not like matters of to-day.
/., or wa j. t the year before
last. Also used :
.1 few days ago.
the king's business to rule. (3) Over /. /;/>/, tlu- other <lay. Tangu
vale, some time ago. Mtu
wa /, a new oung person.
three days ago.
Juzu, v. be permissible, be allow-
able, be suitable, be fitting
esc clothes do not suit
< not proper for
;is matter
JUZU
for me, is my duty. Ap. juz-ia,
-iwa, be right for, be allowed to, be
obligatory for. Mwanamkt huyu
anijuzia kwnwoa, it is right for me
to marry this woman. So nime-
juziwa kumwoa. Also n. and a^.,
of what is allowable, within one's
duty, and so (often) morally binding,
obligatory. (Ar. Ct.pasa,wajibit.}
*Juzu, n. (ma-"), division, section,
chapter of a book, esp. of the Goran.
Anasomaj.ya thelathini, he is read-
ing the thirtieth chapter. (Ar. Cf.
kitabu, chuo.}
K.
K represents the same sound as in
English. The two different k sounds
in words of Arabic origin are not
commonly distinguished in Swahili.
For the sound of Arabic kh see
remarks on Kh- below.
K is often pronounced ch in Zanzi-
bar, esp. among the slave class and
new-comers from mainland tribes.
A' is one of the commonest sounds
in Swahili speech, entering as it does
into the formatives ka, ki, ko, and
ku (which see), and the preps, kwa,
katika.
Words not found under K may be
looked for under Kh, H, or Ch.
For words beginning with ki- see
remarks on Ki-, below.
K-, before a vowel, sometimes
represents ka or ki, which see.
Ka, i. is a verbal connective pre-
fix, except in the cases noted below.
In general, it connects two or more
verbs together in such a way as eithei
(a) to carry on the construction (mooc
and tense) of the first verb to those
following with ka-, or (3) to suppl}
in those verbs the construction ap
propriate to the context. But mos
commonly it is used (i) to connec
a verb in the Past (Narrative) Tens
Indicative with others following, o
else (2) to connect a verb in th
Imperative Mood with another in th
Subjunctive, or Imperative. Thus th
122 KA
/pical form of a narrative in Svva-
ili begins with a verb in the Past
/*-) Tense, and proceeds with verbs
aving ka for It, e.g. paliondokea
ermala akaenda kuoa mke, there
/as once a carpenter and he went
nd married a wife. Palikuwa nitu
kawa tajiri, there was once a man
nd he became rich. Hence ka-
nay be said commonly to carry the
orce of ' and ' before a Past (Narra-
ive) Tense. Similarly, the common
orm of Imperative sentence with
more than one verb is njoo kaone,
jr njoo nkaone, or njoo kaona, come
And see. Nenda kalete (ukalete,
kahta\ go and fetch (it).
Beside these uses, ka is regularly
^mployed (i) with a single Impera-
ive as a semi-connective, i. e. with
eference to something implied or.
understood, e. g. leta, bring it ; kaleta
kalete], bring it then. So kaseme
ati ! speak then ! Also nikaivete ?
Am I to call them then? (2)
D refixed to a verb -root, without
?ers. Pfx. with the force of the
3 Pers. Sing. Perf. Indie., e. g.
kafa, he is dead. Kenda take, he
has gone away. Alikwenda mjini
kapanda punda, he went to town
on a donkey, i.e. amepanda punda.
(3) Affixed to the sign of the Future
fa, when ta would otherwise be re-
quired to bear the accent, as in
relative forms, e.g. atakapokwenda
for atapokwenda, when he shall go.
In (2) and (3) ka has no connective
force.
There remain a number of cases
in which ka is less commonly used,
e. g. with a Present Tense, nikah,
and I am ; with or following the hu
tense, hujikia pale akala. he used to
go there and eat ; hutoka assubuhi
hukarudi, he used to go out in the
morning and come back ; with a
Future Tense, ntaenda nikapata
baraka, I will go and win a bless-
ing ; with a subordinate verb, nime-
kwcnda kwake nikamtazame, I have
KAA
123
KABARI
been to his house to see him ; intro-
ducing a supplement especially to
negative expressions, e. g. asijcakafa,
that he may not first come and die,
for asijc knfa or asijafa, before he
die ; usinifigc ukajiita, do not strike
me and then regret it (i.e. or you
will regret it) ; tusiende tukaruJi, do
not let us go and then have to come
back again ; kwenda akaja leo, per-
haps he comes to-day.
A'a coalesces commonly with e or
o following, e. g. akenda, akoga, and
with * following forms e, as akesha,
for akaisha. Nika is often con-
tracted into ha.
2. is a Diminutive Prefix of nouns
and adjectives, more emphatic than
ki, e. g. katoto, a tiny child ; kajiwe,
a very small stone ; kagongo kafupi,
a very short little clnb ; paka kadogo,
mall kitten. Kadogo is used,
like kidogo, as adv., in a very small
degree, infinitesimally, to a very small
amount.
Kaa, v. ( i stay, stop, rest, remain,
own, take a seat;
(3) dwell, live (in), inhabit, reside
4) continue, last, endure.
; u'a/'i ? nakaa shamba (tnjini ,
Where do you live? I live in the
country (in the town). Kaa kitako,
he haunches, squat, sit down.
ia, I am seated, often .1 polite
icther seated or not) to
i karibu, walk in. Nguo
his dress has lasted
. has worn well.
<z/w, this country is in-
' aliiva na watu.
Ps, kaliwa (rarely kawa). Nt.
kali ka, and kalikana, be habitable,
&c. Ap. ka-Iia, -h's/ui, -/isAwa,
y f &c,).
loses in
'// matangdi
-ii ing for a person.
Inumf , it has i>
agreeable- to him. ,-lkakalia nytU
sate, and be waited with (for) his
hair, i.e. he let it go untrimmed.
\Vakakalianakaribn , and they settled
near each other. Cs. ka-lisha
, -lishwa. (Cf. ukao,
kikao, makazi, mkaa, &c., and syn.
keti, shinda, ngoja t is/it, Jumu.)
Kaa, n. (wa-) % (i) a piece of char-
coal, also extended to mean 'a lump
of coal.' Alakaa, charcoal, coal,
embers. Mineral coal is sometimes
distinguished as makaa, ya tnau'C,
stone coal. Makaa ya moto, live
embers. Makaa zim-we (ya zirnwc,
MHHMMM), slaked embers, cinders,
dead (burnt out) coal. Makaa moshi
(}'am0sJti) t sool. (Cf. wasizi.) Choma
(o&a, pikd) makaa, make charcoal.
(2) ( ), a crab, the most generic
term, including many varieti<
kaa makoko (ya pwani},
ngadu, mwanamizi. (Dist. follg.)
Kaaka, n. also Kaa, the palate,
also kaa la kinwa.
Kaanga, v. fry, braze, cook with
fat, i. e. oka, kwa samli (or, kwa
mafuta}. A', nyama, cook meat
with fat. A', ttioto, heat, warm.
Mayai ya kukaaitga, poached (fried)
eggs. K. ngoma, warm a drum at
a fire to tighten the skin. Ik-ncr
ngoma ya kukaanga, fig. for delay,
i.e. a pause in a dance. (Cf.
kaango, kikaango, ukaango, and for
cooking, pika.}
Kaango, n. ( , and ma-}, a cook-
ing pot, of carthenwa
for cooking with fat, a frying-pan.
(Cf. kaanga.)
Kaba, v. press tight, squeeze.
are too tight for him. Kaba roho,
seize by the throat, throttle.
Wakamkaba roho hatta ox
.-jttlnl him till he :
(?Ar. Cf. syn. l>ana, songa, kasa,
sati, sAita, kamata.}
*Kaba, n. or Kaaba, (i) lining of
'.- on neck and sh<
See Kansu. Also (a) a kind
: ( -eves. (Ar. Cf.yWAt.)
*Kabari, n. ( , and ma-) t a wedge
KABILA
124
KADIMISHA
(of wood or iron), e. g. to split logs
with.
*Kabila, n. (ma-\ tribe, clan,
a smaller division than taifa, and
larger than itfungu,jatnaa.
J *Kabili, v. (i) be in front, be
opposite, face (towards), front, point
to, correspond to, be directed towards,
be exposed to ; (2) incline towards,
tend to, be inclined to, be likely to,
have a propensity for; (3) confront,
brave, defy, oppose, be contradictory
to. Nikamkabili uso kwa tiso, I met
him face to face. Mahali palipoka-
bili baridi, a place exposed to the
wind. Hakabili kuiiza, he is not
inclined (likely) to sell. Ulitnwengu
unakabili mvua, the weather por-
tends rain. Hatuivezi kukabili ba-
hari He, we cannot steer for (navigate,
face) that sea. Wakakabili risasi
zetu, they boldly faced our bullets.
%. kabiliwa. N\.. kabilika. A p.
kabil-ia, -iana, be opposite, face each
other, have a mutual attraction,
correspond . Cs. kabil-isha, -ishwa.
Ntakukabilisha na wali, I will con-
front you with (present you to) the
governor. Kabilisha mtu, send a
man in a given direction. Kabilisha
barua, dispatch a letter, forward a
letter to its destination. Kabilisha
inoyo, set the heart on, resolve.
(Ar. Cf. kubali, kabla, kibula, and
syn. tekea, simamia, -wa mbele ya,
ktitana na, shindana na, lingana na,
&c.)
Kabisa, adv. utterly, altogether,
quite, wholly, exactly. Njema kabisa,
as good as can be. Sitaki kabisa, I
absolutely refuse. (Cf. syn. kamwe,
haswa, halisi.}
*Kabithi, v. also Takabathi, (i)
take in the hand, receive, hold, lay
hands on, seize, keep. Also (a) Cs.
(for kabithishd], cause to hold in the
hand, put in the hand (of), deliver
(to), hand over (to), give (to).
Amemkabithi mwenyi deni, he has
seized the debtor. Kabithi mali,
hoard, economize. Ulitakabathi tha-
mani, you received the price. I 'na-
kabithi watoto mali yao, hand over
this property to the children. Nika-
wakabithi fetha wale ivatumwa, I
gave the money to the slaves. Cs.
kabithiwa* Ap. kabilh-ia, -iana.
Cs. kabith-isha, -ishwa, cause to re-
ceive, hand over (to), deliver (to).
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. (i) pokea,
kamata, shika\ (2) salimu, toa, po-
keza, lipa.}
*-kabithi, a. economical, grasping,
close-fisted, miserly. (Ar. Cf. ka-
bithi, ukabithi^)
*Kabla, conj. and (with^a) prep.,
before, almost exclusively of time,
previously, antecedently, in advance
of. Followed by a verb in the nega-
tive, usu. the /a tense and often with
bado, or else a relative. A', hajaja
bado, before he arrived. K. ha^k^l-
tiwa nangct, before casting anchor.
K. atakapohuja (ajapo\ before he
shall come (comes). K. ya ktija Y
before arrival. K. ya siku chache,
before long, or, a lew days before.
(Ar. See Kabili, and follg. Cf.
mbele.}
*Kabla, n. purpose, object, ten-
dency, direction. Tukaona kabla
yao, we saw what they were going to
do. (Arab, seldom used. Cf.
kabili, kibula, kibla.}
*Kabuli, n. (i) acceptance, sanc-
tion. (Ar. Cf. the more common
kibali,ukubali}. (2) An Indian dish
of rice, curry, &c. (Hind. Cf. pilan.}
*Kaburi,n. grave, tomb, sepulchre,
place of burial. Makaburi, or maka-
burini, a cemetery. Chungulia ka-
burini, have one foot in the grave.
(Ar. Cf. siara, kuzimu.}
*Kadamu, n. (/-)> also M ka-
damu, foreman, used of the third
in authority of the men superintend-
ing work on an estate, the head man
being msiniamizi, the second nokoa.
(Ar. Cf. iakadamu, and follg.)
*Kadimisha, v. Cs. cause to go
before, send in advance. (Ar. Cf.
kadamu t and tangulia^}
KADIRI
125
KAIDA
*Kadiri, v. also Kadri, (i) esti-
mate, reckon, calculate, fix the value
n limit on ; V 2 form an opinion
on, consider, weigh, judge. A", mali,
I valuation of property. X<i-
kadiri maneno haya ni kwcli, I judge
that this statement is true. Ps.
kadiri-i'ii. Nt. kadirika, e.g. be
limited, be measurable, be moderate
(in amount, behaviour, Sic.}, be finite.
A'if/ii ni farathi ya iliyokculiri-wa,
death is a necessary condition of what
is finite. Anatakabari nino, haka-
diriki, he shows great arrogance, he
has no moderation. Mantno yasiyo-
kadirika, unmeasured (or, unintelli-
gible) language. Ap. kadir-ia,
-iwa. Cs. kadir-isha, -isJtwa, e. g.
put limit to, restrain, cause a valua-
tfapfastimate'; to be made, &c. n.
^l)ainount, measure,extent, capacity,
value, rnnk ; 2) moderatu ;
control, temperance. A", ya watu
kuini wamekuja, as many as ten
people have come. A'.gani? What
amount ? How much ? A'aa mahali
pa k. yako, remain in a place suited
to your condition. as adv. cooj.
and (with ya) prep, in various senses,
(i) about, nearly, up to; (2) as much
as, as long as, as oft r:i as, whilst, when,
as; (3) moderately, on an average,
in a certain degree, e. g. k. utakafo-
fanyiwa maai-u imiite, whenever you
are badly treated, call me. A', akitia,
hukaza, as soon as he plac<
fastens it. A', ya kukaa kitako, just
ijjdown. (
also with ~vyo following, e. g. k. awe-
zaiyo, as far as he can, to the best
ibility. (Ar. Cf. ukadiri,
and yn. gmtt, kitui.)
Kodogo, a. invar, dim. of -dogo,
and more emphatic than^ kidogo,
small, mintit*.
-o adv.. in a very
small degree. (Cf. -dogo, ki- ana
*Kafara, n. (ma-) t an ofl<
charm,-- 1>
Toa A., make an offering, M
Chinja k., kill (an animal) as an
offering. (Ar. cover, atone. Cf.
kafiri, kufuru, and syn. sadaka,
thatihu.}
Kafi, n. (ma-}, paddle, small
steering oar. Piga k., use a paddle,
paddle. (Cf. karia.}
&fila, n. a caravan. (Arab.
rarely heard, for common msafara,
safari.}
*Kafini, v. cover up, wrap. Mtu
aliyckufa hukafiniwa kwa sattda, a
dead man is wrapped in a fchroud.
(Ar. kofani, a pall ; rarely heard, for
mmonyi/ttwtf, vika.)
*Kaflri, n. (-), one who is not
of the Mahommcdan religion, an
infidel, an unbeliever, an atheist,
a pagan, an apostate. (Ar. Cf.
kttfuru, ukafiriC)
*Kafuri, n. camphor. (Arab.)
Kaga, v. protect by a charm, j>ut
a charm on (in, near, &c.), e. .
shamba (mwi/i, kaburf), protect by
charm a plantation (person, grave).
Cf. follg.
Kago, n. (makago and ;/.
charm (for protection or preservation).
K. la Jisi, charm against a !
(Cf. kaga, and syn. kafara^ dawa,
"///.)
Kaguu. v. in-pect, survey, examine.
K. shamba, inspect a plantation.
A', (isi&iri, inspect, hold a parade of,
troops. Pa. kaguliwa. Nt.
kagulika. Ap. kagu-lia, -liwa.
(Cf. mkaguzi, and syn. ..
*Kahaba, n. (w<?-), pr-
(Ar. Cf. ukakaba.)
Kahawa, n. coffee, i.e. the
beverage, the berry b< i
bunt y , and the plant
Ar. Cf. mkaha
KaJ -), also Xubani,
soothsayer, and sometimes in
bad sense, <1< (Ar.
;ohani, an :
*Kahn . (Arab.)
la, n. fundamental nilc,canon,
pattern, standard, method, same as
KAIDI
126
-KALI
(Ar. Cf.
kawaida, which see.
syn. kanuni.)
*Kaidi, v. be obstinate, be head-
strong, rebel, refuse to obey, con-
tradict. Usimkaidi baba akisema
neno, do not contradict (disobey)
your father, if he says anything.
Cs. kaid-isha, -ishwa, e. g. incite to
disobedience. (Ar. Cf. follg. and
syn. halifu, ast.}
*-kaidi, a. obstinate, refractory,
disobedient, rebellious, &c. (Ar.
Ct, prec.)
*Kaimu, n. (ma-\ superintendent,
guardian, vicegerent, viceroy. Ha-
kirnu atakuwa k. wa shughtili tie,
the chief will undertake that business.
(Arab. Cf. waziri, wakili.}
Kajekaje, n. small cords used to
fasten the sail to the yard, in a
native vessel. (Cf. chombo, and
kamba?)
Kajia, n. an extremely small path
or passage. Dim. of njia. (Cf.
njia, ujia, and ka-.}
Kaka, n. (tna-), (i) used occa-
sionally of an empty shell, e.g. of
an egg, or of the rind of a fruit, e. g.
of an orange, k. layai, k. la chnngwd.
(But ganda is more usual, cf. fuvu,
/.) (2) Elder brother, generally
used playfully or colloquially, as
dada. (3) A disease affecting the
hand.
Kaka-kaka, adv. in a hurry, in a
rush (press, bustle). (Cf. kikaka.}
Kakamia, v. strain after, make a
sudden or violent effort to do, or get
something, e. g. k. maji, of a thirsty
man. (Cf. follg.)
Kakam'ka, v. make a muscular
effort, strain, as in lifting a load,
breaking a stone, or in travail. Obs.
aXsOtRi.jikakamua, in same sense.
Kakawana, v. be strong, athletic,
well knit, muscular. (Cf. syn
shtipaa, -wa na maungo.)
*Kaki, n. a thin hard-baked bis-
cuit or oake. (Cf. mkate>)
*Kalafati, v. caulk (the seams of a
wooden vessel), the tool used being
chembeti. Described as tin famba
na niafnta ynsingie maji, apply
cotton and grease to prevent water
getting in. Ps. kalafatiwa. n.
caulking, material used for caulking.
(Ar.)
Kalala, n. also Karara, Ukalala,
the tough leathery sheath of the cocoa-
nut flower stem.
Kalam'ka, v. be quick witted, be
wide awake, be sharp (intelligent,
on the alert), have one's eyes open.
Ap. kalamkia, -iwa, (usually) be too
sharp for, outwit, deceive, cheat.
(Cf. kalavfzi, and am'ka, and syn.
danganya, punja, hadaa.}
''Kalamu, n. pen (made of reed).
Also any pen. Chonga k., point a
pen, make a pen. K. na wino, pen
and ink. (Ar.)
Kalam'zi, a. crafty, cunning,
sharp. (Cf. kalam'ka, and syn.
-janja, -erevu, ayari^)
*Kalasha, n. tusk of ivory, smaller
than Iwri. (Cf. pembe, hurt.}
*Kalasia, n. small brass vessel
with narrow neck, often used for
milk. (Hind. Cf. kopo, sufuria,
for metal vessels.)
Kale, n. old times, antiquity, the
past, former ages. Watu wa k., the
ancients, men of old. Zamani za .,
old times, past ages. Hapo k., once
upon a time, long ago. Kikale, of
the old style, old-fashioned, anti-
quated, -a k., old, ancient. -a
kikale, antiquated. (Cf. zamani,
and dist. uzee, old age.)
*Kalfati. See Kalafati. (Ar.)
-kali, a. (i) sharp, having a sharp
edge, cutting, e.g. kisu kikali, a
sharp knife, makali ya upanga, the
edge of a sword, opp. to butu ; (2)
sharp to the taste, acid, sour, bitter,
e.g. siki kali, sour vinegar, opp.
to laini, tamu, and cf. chungu ; (3)
sharp in temper, severe, stern, cross,
cruel, fierce, e. g. ngombe mkali, a
fierce cow, opp. to -pole, -a huruma ;
(4) keen, intense, vehement, brave,
jua kali, tembo kali, strong palm-
-KALI
127
KAMASI
wine, scorching sun, u>atu wakali,
warlike people, opp. to -legevti, -vizw,
-oga. (Cf. ukali.}
-kali, verb-form, used with Person
prefixes, nikali, tit kali , &c., and I am
(was), and we are (were), &c. (Cf.
1 /.)
Kalis, Kalika, v. See Kaa, v.
*Kalibu, n. a mould, e. g. for bul-
lets, i. e. kidudt cha kusubia tisasi, a
thing for casting bullets in. Also of
that in which metal, &c. is heated,
a heating pot or furnace. (C subu t
ita t joko, tanttu.}
*Kalima, n. word. (Arab, for
common mno. Cf. mkalimani?)
*Kalme. See Galme.
Kama, v. squeeze, but esp. of
milking, e.g. kama tig'ombe rnazi-ca,
milk a cow, or simply kama. 1's.
kamwa. Nt. kamika, kamikana.
Ap. kam-ia, -iwa. (Dist. kamia,
threaten.) Cs. kam-isha, -ishwa,
nbe za watu, act as
milkman, undertake milking. (Cf.
katntta, kamata, and songa y kaba,
*Kama, conj. also Kana, (i) as
a particle of comparison in general,
(a) as, such as, like, as if, as though,
f kama niinri, be like me.
Ruka k. ndege, fly like a bird. Mtn
mfupi k. wfwf, a man as short as
you. K. hivi (vile), as tin
this way, for instance. With
a noun, often supplies a lack
c. g. X-. ///<///, like wai-
fluid, also fluent, easy. AT.
u. With tt i fit, forms
an expletive or adv. of emphasis,
e.g. kubwa k. r ierfully
inexpressibly
,1, or in the form kamani!
ul ! marvellous ! With a verb,
commonly followed by ~vyo t
ndavyo, as you please,
sterna, as you said, but also
t>) Like, as it
comparison, c. g. of numbers, asikari
k. mt'a, about a hundred soldiers. Ny-
ingi k. si 9tyingi, a moderate number.
(c) In the definite comparison of two
or more objects, ' as compared with,
rather than, and not' (cf. kziliko),
e. g. afathali kuweka mali k. ku-
tutnia yote, it is better to save money
than to use it all up. Yeye mkubwa
k. wewe, he is big as compared with
you, i. e. bigger than you. //.//
knpotea nikafa k. kuwa hai, better I
should be lost and die than live.
Bora thahabu k. fetha, gold is more
valuable than silver. (2) As a . snb-
ordinative particle, (a) that, of re-
ported speech, &c. Nasenia k.
ndivyo, I say that it is so. Nimesikia
k.hajiti, I understand that he does not
know. Aliamnni k. aendt, he ordered
that he should go. (Cf. similar
use of^a kuwa, ya kivamba, kwatnba,
and kama kwarnba.) (b) If, sup-
posing that, though, i. e. conditional,
e. g. k. una homa ncnda kwa //.
if you have fever, go to the doctor.
A', hutaki, bassi, if you do not want
to, there is an end of it. Also often
with Pres. Partic. , X-. ukifcnJa, if
you like. A', fetha ikipatikana,
ntalipa, if the money is forthcoming,
I will pay. (0 Whether, if, e.g.
A///// k. yuko, I do not know whether
he is there. Alintuliza k. ;;</.
asked me whether it was so. (Ar.
For comparative use cf. w.
mfano wa r mithili ya, kuliko. Kor
couditi'inal u>c cl. i(-i
endapo, and the use of -ki- and
:1>S.)
*Kamali, n. a game played by
chucking small coin into a hole
Kamamanga, n. Src
*Kamani, a<K rfully,
strangely, exceedingly. (Fi
what! see Kama.)
Kamaai, n
nose, catarrh. .s/:r, / ',.. I have a
v head. (Cf. mafua,
i maAamasi, wipe the
nose.
KAMATA
128
KAMTJA
Kamata, v. take forcible hold of,
catch hold of, seize with the hands
(arms, claws, a trap, &c.), grasp,
clasp, make a prisoner of, arrest.
Chid alimkamata kuku, the leopard
got hojd of the fowl. Ps. kamatwa.
Nt. k&matika, e.g. maji hayaka-
matiki, water cannot be grasped in
the hand. Ap. kamat-ia, -iwa,
e. g. seize with, grasp at, get a partial
hold of, &c. Cs. kamatisha, also
In tens, hold fast. Rp. kamatana,
grapple, e. g. in wrestling. (Implies
some effort, difficulty to overcome.
Cf. shika, habit hi, guia, nasa. For
the termination cf. ambata,fumbata,
nafa, pata.}
Kamati, n. ball of wheat flour,
leavened with tembo, i. e. palm-wine
(Str.).
Kamba, n. cord, rope, the most
generic term, properly of the native
kind, but made of twisted cocoanut
fibre (niakumbi). Hence k. ya
kumbi, kamba ya nazi, to distinguish
it from k. ulaiti, European, hempen
rope, and k. ya miwaa, rope of
plaited leaf strips. See Ukambaa.
Ukukuu wa kamba si ^^pya wa ukam-
baa, in a rope old fibre is better than
new leaf strips. Piga (fungd) k., tie
with a rope, cord (a load), but also
like songa k., suka (sokota) k. , make
a rope by twisting or plaiting. The
ropes of a native sailing vessel have
various names, all of non- Bantu
origin, e. g. amari,baraji, hamarawi
dasi, henza, jarari, demani, goshi
dakawa, mjiari, or ujari. Various
materials for binding are ubugu
ugomba, ung'ongo, ununu, ukindu
and miwaa. (Cf. ukambaa, also
ugwe, kitani.}
Kamba, n. a .lobster, crayfish
prawn, shrimp, sometimes distin
guished as k. ya pwani, k. ya bahari
also mkamba, the common lobster
and k. ya mtoni, crayfish. (Cf. m
kamba, uduvi, kaa.}
Kambali, n. (ma-\ also Kam
bari, freshwater cat fish, with broad
at head and fleshy feelers, the only
reshwater fish common in Z., and
ometimes of large size (15 lb. to
olb.)
Kambi, n. (ma-\ encampment,
sually on enclosure occupied at
ight in travelling on the mainland.
? Eng. camp, Cf. kituo, boma.}
Kambo, n. baba (mama} wa
'ambo, step-father (-mother), mtoto
wa kambo, step-child. (Perh. cf.
\ambo, used (Kr.) for the shoot
prouting from the -roots of the ba-
lana (tngomba), near but separate
rom the chief stem.)
Kame, n. (ma-}, barren land,
wilderness, desert, waste, unculti-
vated ground. (Cf. nyikajangwa,
poll.}
Kamia, v. reproach, threaten,
dun (a debtor). Amemkamia sana
kumpiga, he threatened to beat him.
Mkamia maji hayanywi, he .who
finds fault with the water will not
drink it. Jikamia, reproach oneself.
?s. kamiwa. Nt. kamifya. Rp.
kamiana. (Cf. kamio, and ogofya,
laumu.*}
*Kamili, v. complete, finish, make
perfect, also be complete, be finished.
But these meanings are usually taken
by the Cs. and Nt. or Ps. forms.
Ps. kamiliwa. Nt. kamilika.
Ap. kamil-ia, -iwa, e. g. end off,
finish off. Alipokamilia nyumba He,
when he finished off that house.
Cs. kamil-isha, -ishwa, e. g. nime-
kamilisha mweziwangu, I have com-
pleted my month.- a. complete,
perfect, whole, entire, unimpaired.
( Ar. Cf. maliza, timia, timiliza, isha.}
*-kamilifu, a. same as Kamili, a.,
which see.
Kamio, n. (ma-\ a reproach, a
threat. (Cf. prec.)
*Kampani, n. also Kumpani,
a commercial house, a trading asso-
ciation, a company. (From Eng.
company.}
Kamua, v. Rv. of kama with
similar meaning, squeeze, wring,
KAMUSI
129
KANDO
compress, squeeze out, e. g. k. nguo t
wring wet clothes ; k. chungwa,
squeeze the juice out of an orange.
K, make an abscess discharge.
K. mafuta, extract oil by pressure,
imtiliu'a. Nt. kamulika.
Ap. kanni-lia, -/iwa, e.g. akam-
kamulia ndimu nrarilini, and he
squeezed lime juice over his body. Cs.
kamu-lisha, -lishwa. (Cf. kama, v. )
Karausi, n. a lexicon, a dic-
tionary. (Arab. ' ocean.')
Kamwe, adv. always with a nega-
tive preceding, (not) at all, (not) in
the least, (not) ever (i.e. never, by no
means). Si kitu kamtvc, it is nothing
at all. Sitaki kamwe, I will have
nothing to do with it. (Cf. kabisa,
halt si, hatta kidogo.}
Kan a, v. also Kanya, deny, nega-
tive, say ' no,' disown, refuse, e. g.
kwanza mwivi amekana, sasa au-
ngarna, at first the thief denied it, now
he confesses. Baba alimkana mtoto,
the father disowned the child. Ps.
kaniwa. Nt. kan-ika, -ikana, e. g.
aniekaniwa na watu si tniuivi, it
was denied by the people that he was
a thief. Jfaikanikani kabisa, it is
absolutely undeniable. Ap. kan-ia,
\ to, refuse to, deny to
about, for, on the part of, by, at,
Ace.). Baba antemkania mtolo kutba
(or, asiibc], the father had forbidden
the child to steal. Cs. kan-isha,
isAwa, also . kan-usha t -yusha,
-ushwa, -ishia, -ishiwa, -ishana,
also Intens. deny emphatically, e. g.
anuniktinttihni haki yangu, he has
wholly denied me my rights. Afw-
ukanisha mtoto wako,
the woman has induced you
.nr child. (Cf. kanyo, ki-
kano, kataa, kalata.}
Kana, n. rudder han-i
mkono wa usukam.
Kann, c<>nj. Sec Kama.
Kana -//a-), a projection
Barter or stern of native vessel,
used as a closet (choo) % also quarter
gallery.
Kanda, v. knead with the hand,
press and work with the fingers,
shampoo. A', unga, knead flour
(dough). A", udongo, knead clay, as
a potter. K. mwili, of a kind of
massage, to give relief in pain or
weariness, or merely as a luxury.
Ps. kandwa. Nt. kandika. Ap.
kand-ia, -iwa. Cs. kand-isha,
-ishwa. (Cf. kandika.}
Kanda, n. ( , and ma-}, (i) a
bag of native (plaited) matting, often
used for grain, broader at the bottom
than at the mouth. Dim. kikanda.
(Cf. kikapo.} (a) Leather thong,
strap, also plur. of ukanJa.
Kande, n. and Kandi, stores,
supplies, for a journey, &c., esp.
provisions. Not usual in Z. (Cf.
masarufu, akiba, riziki.}
*Kanderinya, n. kettle, tea-kettle.
Kandika, v. of the operation of
covering the wooden framework of
a native hut with clay to form the
walls. Women bring water, while
men dig and knead the clay, and
apply it in lumps with the hand,
between the sticks and inside and out.
A', nyumba kwa udongo, plaster a
house with clay. Ps. kandikwa.
(Cf. follg. and kanda, kando, paka, v.)
Kandiko, n. (tna-\ material for
native plastering, i.e. earth or clay.
(Cf. prec. andyV//.)
*Kandili, n. "/a-), lamp, candle-
.andelier. (Ar. Cf.
.'i;./, mcshmaa.}
Kando, n. ( , and ma-}, side,
edge, margin, brink (csp. of :
sea), bank, coast. A", ya (or la)
margin of the river. Used
:ily as adv. and (with la, ya)
prep., on one side, ns
the verge or edge, e. ;
kando, haangukiu'i na mti, he who
is on one side is not fallen
a tree. K. yettt, in otn
hood, near us. Sawasawa k., parallel.
Wtka. k. (or, kando-kando) .1
by the s; .-,<>/<, on all sides.
(Cf. ukingo, upandt, and ukando.)
KANGA
130
KAPI
Kanga, v. See Kaanga.
Kanga, n. (i) kanga la mnazi, the
fruit stem or stalk bearing the nuts
on a cocoanut tree, when stripped of
the nuts, the bare stalk, dry stem.
(The same when growing, and with
nuts on it, is utawi, cf. mnazi.} (2}
Common speckled guinea-fowl (cf.
korord}. (3) In co'mmerce, scarf,
piece of calico of all patterns and
colours, worn by native women and
men . Described as lesoya upande m-
moja. (Cf. shiti, kisuto, leso, ngtw.}
Kangaja, n. (ma-}, (i) small man-
darin orange, fruit of the mkangaja ;
(2) a sea-fish, with a disagreeable
smell.
Kango, n. (ma-}, a frying-pan.
See Kaango.
*Kaniki, n. in commerce, blue
shirtings, a dark blue calico, worn
by the poorer classes commonly as
an undergarment, or at work. See
Wguo.
*Kanisa, n. (ma-}, synagogue,
temple, church. (Arab. Cf. msi-
kiti, hekalti.}
*Kanju, n. (ma-'}, fruit of the
cashew tree, mkanju, which in Z.
is called mbibo. See Mbibo.
Kano, n. (ma-}, large sinew or
tendon (of animals). (Cf. mkano.}
*Kantara, n. a bridge. (Arab.
Cf. daraja, bonth, ulalo.}
*Kanuni, n. that which is regular
(necessary, indispensable), a funda-
mental rule, a necessary condition,
a sine qua non. As adv. undoubtedly,
certainly, truly. (Ar. Cf.farathi,
sharti, kawaida, kakika, yakini.}
Kanusha, v. Cs. from Kana, which
see. Other forms are kanyusha and
kanisha.
Kanya, v. same as Kana (which
see), refuse a proposal, give a negative
answer.
Kanyo, n. (ma-}, denial, refusal,
contradiction, negative answer. (Cf.
kanya, kana, mkano, and syn. katao,
katazo.}
Kanwa, n. (ma-}, also Kanywa,
mouth (of man, and animals in
general). K. juinbe la maneno, the
mouth is ruler of speech. (Dim.
from nywa, see -nya, and cf. kin-wa,
which is usual in Z.)
*Kanzi, n. what is kept in store,
a treasure, a hoard, also treasury,
store-room. 'Aweke mail kanzini y
let him put his belongings in the
store-room. (Ar. Cf. tunu, ha-
zina, and kandi, ghala, akiba.}
Kanzu, n. the usual outer garment
of men in Z., a long-sleeved calico
gown, reaching from the neck to
the ankles, usually plain white or
yellowish-brown (huthurungi], with
or without lines of silk stitch-work,
red or white, on the neck, wrists, and
front, and fastened with a small button
or tassel at the throat. Worn over
a loincloth, often with a light doublet,
or under a coloured sleeveless open
waistcoat (kisibau}, or a cloth cloak
(joko}. Worn also by women, but
then shorter, of coloured and varied
materials, and with red binding.
Kanzu are distinguished as ya ku-
futa, plain, common, ya ziki, with
white cotton stitching at the neck, ya
kazi, with ornamental stitching, and
according to material, ya bafta, ya
huthurungi, &c. (? Cf. Ar. kasd,
clothe. For parts, &c., of the kanzu
see badani, taharizi, sijafu, kikwapa,
jabali, mhalbori, kaba, tiki, mrera,
kiboko, kinara, tarizi, mjusi, &c.,
and for tailoring, shona, mshoni.}
Kao, n. (ma-}, place of residence,
dwelling, habitation, commonly in
the plur. makao. Also of mode or
act of remaining, residing, &c., situa-
tion, position, way of living, but thus
more often ukao, kikao. (Cf. kaa,
v., ukao, kikao, ukazi, makazi.}
*Kaoleni. See Kauli.
Kaomwa, n. and Kauma, ca-
lumba root, mainly procured from
East Africa. Described as ' the root
of a creeping plant, like a sweet
potatoe, a tonic of bitter taste ' (Kr.).
Kapi, n. ( , and ma-}, (i) a
KAPO
131
KASHA
pulley, consisting of a sheave (rvda),
enclosed in a block (niakupa). (For
various sorts see Gofla, Abedari.)
.aff, husks. (Cf. kitmvi,
u'isAwa, kttnunu, niacho ya mtama.}
Kapo (><z-), and Kapu, a large
basket (of plaited leaf-strips). See
Kikapo.
*Karaha, n. provocation, (giving}
offence, (causing) aversion. Mambo
ya k. t provocation, cause of ill-feeling,
repulsion. (Ar. Cf. kirihi, also
ckcrahi, ikirahi.)
*Karakoli, n. and Karakoni,
prison. Not usual in Z. (? Turkish,
introduced by Soudanese. Cf. gertza,
kifungo. )
*Karama, n. (i) an honour, privi-
lege, valuable possession, gracious
act, generous behaviour ; (i) gracious
gift, esp. a gift of God in answer to
prayer. (Ar. Cf. karimu and
follg., and for gifts generally bak-
shish i.)
*Karamu, n. a feast, banquet, fes-
tive entertainment. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
*Karani, n. (wa-)> clerk, secretary,
amanuensis, supercargo. (Ar.)
Karara, Karasia.' See Kalala,
Kalasia.
*Karata, n. card, playing card.
(? charta, card.)
Karataai, n. paper, a piece of
paper. (Ar.)
*Karatha, n. money on loan, ad-
vance, credit. A", ya fctha, a cash
:c. (Arab. Cf. follg.)
Karathi, v. and Karithi, (i)
lend money, esp. make an advance
irposcs. accommo-
date with money or goods; (a) also
as Cs. borrow, get an advance.
f. prec.
am oner kopa, kopuha,
*Karibia, v. Ap. come near (to),
go near (to), approach, move clow
to, err 'iwa. Ci.
ha, -ishwa, bring near, move
invite as guest, welc*"
tertain. A'.iriHsha (hakula
invite to a meal (offer a seat to).
Tulikaribish'wa z'izurij we were hos-
pitably treated. Rp. karibiana.
(Ar. Cf. karibu, and sogea.}
*Karibu, n. near relation, kins-
man. Watu kmva k. zangu, these
people are relations of mine. Also
mtu wa k., a relation. adv. and
(with ya and no) prep, (i) of
space, near, close (to) ; (2) of time,
presently, shortly, lately, recently ;
(3 in general, nearly, almost, about.
Ilivi A., just lately. Aliktija k., he
came near, or, he arrived recently.
K. yangu, near me. Common as
reply to the inquiry Hodi ? i.e. Come
in, walk in, you are welcome. (Ar.
Cf. karibia.)
*Karimu, a. and -karimu, liberal,
opcnhanded, generous. Also v.
Sec Kirimu. (Ar. Cf. karama,
baramu, and syn. -/<7/V.)
Karipia, v. Ap. use harsh lan-
guage to, reprimand, scold, chide.
ifiiva. (Cf. /aurriu, kemea,
shnturnu. The Pr. form Xv
also used.)
*Kariri, v. repeat, say over again
and again, recite, rehearse. Ps.
kaririwa. Nt. karirika. Ap.
k<irir-ia t say over to (for, at, &c.).
Cs. karir-isha t -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
syn. H. sema (sown) tena, or mam
ya pili, or marra nyingi).
Kaaa, n. a sea turtle. (Cf.
njfamba, kobe^)
*Kaa, adv. also Kasaa, less, lest
by, short by, usually in connexi
nbo, themuni, or similar wonK e.g.
rufia mbili k. themuni ^ two rupees
less four annas ; san situ /. robo, a
quarter to twt' lit. six hours
less a quarter). A*. robo t three quar-
ters (of a dollar), one rn|>ee and
1 f. kasiri, n. and
kasoro.)
Kaaarani, Kaaaai. n. See Kl-
Irani, Kisaai.
Koaha, n. (ma-\ box
board, packing case. Kasha I
(i) a silver box; (a) a money box,
K 2
KASHABU
132
KATA
safe. (Cf. sanduku,
Ital. cassa, Yr.'catsse.')
*Kashabu, n. a wooden rod, which
draws the threads of the web apart
in native weaving. (?Ar. Cf.
,.
*Kashifu, v. (i) reveal, disclose;
(2) show up, discredit, disparage, tell
stories of, slander. Ps. kashifiwa.
(Ar. for more usual changed, s'ingizia,
&c.)
Kasia, n. (ma-\ an oar. Piga
(vuta) k. , row. (Cf. kaji, a paddle.)
*Kasib/i, n. barrel (of a gun).
Mdomo kama k., small round mouth,
a point of beauty. (Ar. ' reed.'
Cf. mwanzi, mdomo.}
*Kasidi, n. Also Kusudi, which
see. (Ar.)
*Kasiki, n. ( , and ma-\ large
earthen jar (for water, ghee, treacle,
&c.). (Cf. balasi, which is larger.)
Kasimele, n. cocoanut cream, the
thick oily juice squeezed from the
grated nut by a strainer, before any
water is mixed with it, i. e. maji ya
nazi yaliyokamuliwa mbele katika
kifumbu,z\so called tut la kasi-
mele, or tut halisi. The same nut,
when mixed with water and strained
again, produces tui la nyuma, tui la
kupopolea, a white milky fluid. See
Tui.
*Kasiri, v. cause to be angry, vex,
provoke. Hayo ndiyo maneno yali-
yokukasiri, these are the words which
annoyed you. Sultani alimkasin
mkewe, the Sultan vexed his wife.
But the Cs. is more common in this
sense (see below). Ps. kasiriwa.
Nt. t kasirika, be angry, be excited,
whence kasirik-ia, -iwa, be angry
with. Ap. kasir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
kasir-isha, -ishwa, enrage, provoke,
exasperate, stir up violent feeling in,
incite, inflame. Rp. kasiri-ana.
(? Ar. Cf. hasira, and syn. ghathabu,
uchungu. Dist. hasara, hasiri and
also kasiri, n.)
*Kasiri, n. end. Alasiri k., late
afternoon, 5 p.m., i.e. mwisho wa
alasiri. As adv. less. K.ya,k.kuliko,
less than. (Arab., seldom heard.
Cf. kasa, kasoro, and the commoner
hatima, mwisho^)
*Kaskazi, n. (i) northerly wind,
north monsoon. K. inavuma, the
north wind is blowing. Cf. kusi,
south wind, and upepo. (a) Season of
the north monsoon, i.e. December to
March, the hottest part of the year in
Zanzibar, i. e. ivakati iva jasho na
kukaiisha mid, also called musimii,
and sometimes chaka ; (3) northerly
direction, the north. Also called
Kibula Kibla. Kaskazini, in the
north, northwards. (Cf. shemali,
the Ar. word for 'north,' and/0a.)
*Kasoro, adv. less (by), short (by).
Kasoro nussu, less by a half. Some-
times as n., defect, blemish. (Ar.
kasr. Cf. kasa, kasiri^)
*Kassa, adv. See Kasa.
*Kassi, adv. of intensity, used with
verbs, much, very, with energy (vehe-
mence, violence, &c.), e.g. enda k.,
go with force, go quickly. Mto
unapita k., the river runs quickly,
has a strong current. Also as a
noun, tia (piga) k., apply force,
tighten. Sokota kwa k. , twist forcibly.
(Prob. Ar. ? Cf. Mast, or kaza, kazi.}
*Kastabini, n. a thimble. (Per-
sian, for more common subana?)
*Kasumba, n. opium. (Hind.
Cf. syn. Ar. afiuni.}
*Kata, v. (i) cut, cut off, cut away,
cut short, cut up, or in pieces ; (2)
fig. divide, reduce, bring to an end,
decide, frustrate. The noun follow-
ing may define the thing cut, the
nature of the cutting, the effect
produced, or the instrument used.
K. mitt, cut down trees. K. maji,
go up stream. K. kisu (or kwa
kisu), cut with a knife. K. nguo,
cut calico, often in the sense ' buy
a piece of calico, order a new dress
or suit. K. nakshi, carve (in wood or
stone). K.pesa, reduce (or, withhold)
a sum due. K. maneno, conclude
(break off, decide, settle) a discussion.
KATA
133
KATANI
. decide a suit, give sen-
tence. A', tamaa, bring hopes to an
end, despair, despond, be desperate.
t, quench thirst. A', shanri,
frustrate a plan. Ps. kativa, im-
plying an agent, as present or promi-
; the mind. Nt. katika, in
which the fact rather than the agency
is in view, e.g. hukumu imekatwa,
the judge has decided the case. Hu-
kumit imckatika, a verdict has been
given. A'usi imckatika, the south
wind is coming to an end. Hence,
katik-ia, -iwa, be cut off, &c. at
(for, in, &c.), e.g. muhogo ulikatikia
mumo, the cassava broke off where it
stood. Ugwe hukatikia pembamba,
cord breaks at the thinnest part.
Also katikana, be capable of being
cut, &c., be possibly cut. Ap.
kat-ia, -i-va, -tuna, cut at (into, off
from, a part of, &c.), e.g. katia
Jusabu, cut off from (deduct from)
an account. Katia mti, cut a piece
from, chop at, make a cut in (not,
cut down). Katia nji'a, cut into
'strike on) a road. Ni kiasi changu
kama nalikatiwa rnitni, it fits me
exactly, just as if it was made for me
;or, I had been measured for it).
Tulikatiioa nutneno, we hare had
our matter settled. Katiana, settle
accounts together, strike a balance,
i.e. by striking out items on both
sides. Cs -izwa, -izt'a,
-izitva, -izana, cause to cut (be cut,
&c.), or Intens. cut (end, decide)
abruptly (vigorously, sharply, &c).
rrak off (interrupt,
stop, apply closure to) a discussion.
libcratelystoppt'
:(-atnna kwa risu t
Also
itn, jikatin, jikiitiza, &c,,
isis, katak
to pieces, make mincemeat of. (Ar.
Cf. rnknta, mkalo, kato, >
! follg. Alsosyn.
tema, (hanja, fasua, chonga, (homa,
*Kata, n. also Kataa, a cutting,
piece, part, portion, section, fraction,
not of a literal cut or cutting, but fig.,
e.g. (a) part of a house, k. ya nynmba^
a room, an apartment, one of the
screened-off divisions in a native hut,
or k. ya chumba, an alcove, recess,
part of a room ; () k. ya kitabu,
part of a book, section, leaf, page
(c{.juzu,ukarasa}\ also of a country,
' quarter, district,' k. ya inchi (? cf.
wtaa, kitaa) ; (c) lengths of rope,
string, silk, &c., as sold in shops,
i.e. hank, skein, coil. (Ar. Cf.
kata % v., and kato, rnkdto, &c.)
Kata, n. (wa-), (i) a ladle, dipper,
scoop, used for drinking, or dipping
water from a hole, usually a cocoa-
nut shell, with one end cut off, and fixed
to the end of a stick. (Cf. //
(2) A round pad, usually of loaves,
grass, or a folded strip of cloth, worn
on the head when carrying a load,
water-jar, &c. (Dist. mkata, nkata.}
Kataa, v. refuse, reject, decline,
say 'no.' Ps. kataliwa. Nt. kata-
lika. Ap. kata-lia, -liwa, -liana,
e.g. refuse, refuse credence to, de-
cline acceptance from, say 'no' to,
&c. Cs. kola-za^ -zwa t -zatia,
prohibit, forbid, deter, cause to re-
fuse, refuse peremptorily, &c. Also
(from,
by, &c.). (Cf. katazo, kana, go-
, dakiza, Ma, marufn
Kataa, a. final, decisive, con-
clusive. Neno h. state*
ment is decisive. (A:
rnkataa.)
*Katabahu, lit. he
usually at the end of
the name of the writer, ami some*
times v the hand of.
(Aral <s batata.)
Katani, n. also Kitam
and what is made from it,
string, strong thread, twine. Uri
wa X-., thread made of flax or
from uri wa pamtxi
(Ar. Cf. irti, ttgwt, kigwt,
KA.TAZO
134
KAUKI
Katazo, n. (ma-}, prohibition,
contradiction, objection. (Cf. kataa,
and syn. kindatto, dakizo, teto.}
*Kathalika, adv. in like manner,
likewise, similarly, in the same way.
(Ar. Cf. ait ha, thamma, and follg.,
and syn. 13. vile vile, vivyo hivyo.}
*Kathawakatha, a. and adv., thus
and thus, and so on, et caetera, many
other such, many more. Watu k.,
lots of people. (Ar. Cf.kathalika.}
*Kathi, n. (ma-}, judge, the
official term, magistrate appointed by
the Sultan to decide questions of law.
(Ar. Cf. hakimu, and mwanntzi.}
Kati, adv. and (with ya) prep.,
among, between, inside, in the middle
of, amidst, surrounded by. K. ya
nyumba, in the middle of the house.
Kata k., cut asunder (through the
middle). Also as n., the middle,
the centre, and -a kati, central,
middle ; ivakati wa k., the inter-
vening period, interval; pa k., the
centre. Sometimes redupl. katikati
(ya), between, among, in the very
middle (of), also kati na kati. (Cf.
katika, prep.)
*Katiba, n. ordinance, custom, na-
tural (or original) constitution, des-
tiny, doom, from the idea of binding
and permanent force of Mahommedan
law as written in the Coran. (Ar.
Cf. follg.)
Katibu, n. a writer, scribe, amanu-
ensis, clerk. (Cf. karani, mivandi-
shi, katabahu.) v. write, seldom
used, e.g. in Rp. tukatibiane, let us
draw up a written contract. (Cf.
mkataba, kitabu, kitaba, and com-
mon syn. andika.}
Katika, prep, among, in, whether
(a) of place, in, at, to, towards, into,
from (in), out of, away from; (b}
of time, in, at, during; (r)in general,
in, engaged in, to, in the direction of,
from ; (of) in the matter of, in refer-
ence to, concerning, as to, about.
Very common in all senses. In local
use, equivalent to -ni. Sometimes
with kwa, when kwa with the word
following indicates a single idea or
object. Kufika katika kwa mfaltne,
to Arrive in the king's court or
presence. (Cf. kati, and the equally
common kwa.}
Katikati, adv. and (with ya} prep.
See Kati.
*Katili, n. a murderous person, a
bloodthirsty man, a ruffian. (Arab.
Cf. syn. B. mwuaj'i.}
*Kato, n. (ma-}, a cutting, frag-
ment, thing cut or broken off. (Cf.
kata, mkato.}
*Katu, n. a kind of gum, imported
to Z., and sold in small dark -red
lumps chiefly for chewing with betel.
See Tambuu, Uraibu.
Katua, v. polish, brighten, clean
by rubbing. K. bunduki, clean rust,
&c. off a gun. Ps. katuliwa.
Nt. katuka. Ap. katulia. Majifu
ya kukatnlia visu, ashes to clean
knives with.
Kauka, v. become dry, dry up, be
parched. Inchi imekauka, the earth
is parched. Sauti imemkauka, his
voice is dried up, he is hoarse. Ap.
kauk-ia, -iwa. Sakafit imekankia
maji, the water has dried off the roof.
Cs. kau-sha, -shwa, dry, cause to dry
up, parch. (Cf. -kavu,yabis, and
of drying clothes by exposure to sun
and air, ant&a.}
*Kauli, n. (i) sentence, expression ;
(2) expressed opinion, narrative, ac-
count. K. tatu zilizosemwa, three
accounts were given. Tufnase k. ya
waalimu ivetu, let us follow the
opinion of our teachers. K. He ika-
muthi, the expression vexed him.
(Ar. for the common neno. Cf. ka-
lima and kauleni, double tongued,
untrustworthy, i. e. a man of two
stories.)
Kauma, n. calumba root. See
Kaomwa.
*Kauri, n. a cowry (shell). For
various kinds cf. dondo, kululu, kete.
Kauri is also used to describe china,
vitu vya kauri, as opp. to earthen-
ware, vitu vya udongo.
-KAVTJ
135
-KE
-kavu, a. (kavu with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), also -kafu, (i) dry,
parched, waterless, barren. Inchi k,,
dry land, terra firma y as opp. to
bahari, sea. A'uni k., dry firewood.
Nguo k., dry clothes. Prov. maji
mafu, m-citvi'mkafu, at neap tides the
fisherman gets little. ( 2) I >ry, humor-
ous, satirical, amusing. AItu mkavu,
a witty person. Maneno tnakavit,
witticisms. (3) Brave, fearless, un-
concerned. Cf. the phrase -kavu wa
mocha, -cnyi macho makavu, of a
nonchalant, intrepid, dauntless look.
(Cf. kauka.)
Kawa, v. be delayed, tarry, linger,
delay, loiter, take a long time, be
behind time, be late. Ap. kawia,
same as kawa ; also kawilia, delay for
(on account of, at, about, &c.), and
so kaw-ilisha, -ilishwa, cause to
delay, keep back, make late. Cs.
kaw-isha, -ishwa, put off, make stand
over, adjourn, e.g. kawisha koJi, ^ct
in arrears for rent. (Cf. usiri,
ahiri, chttoua, and ? cf. kaa.}
Kawa, n. ( , and of size ma-},
(i) a dish cover, conical in shape,
made of plaited grass. Sahani isiyo
na k., a dish without a cover. /'////-
ngatu satva sawa, kama sahani na k.,
lit each other (i. e. agree . like
a dish and its cover. (2) .''
mould (Sir.).
Kawodi, n. (ma-), a procurer.
(Arab.)
Kawaida, n. also Kaida, regu-
n.'iciplc, fundamental rule,
usage, custom, system, and so '
standard, ma kama sJteria,
customary usage is like law. .
k. ya we arc not used to
a person coming, we do not allow it.
Kawe, n. a very small stoi
of/itt*, kijiwe. (<C{.jiwe t mbw* t
and ka-.}
Kawift, Kawilia, Kawiaha, &c.
See Kawa.
Kaya, n. (ma-), a kind of shell-
fish.
Kayamba, n. (i) a sieve; (2) a
rattle resembling a sieve, dry grain
shaken inside a flat case of reeds.
Kaza, v. (i) fix, make fast, fasten,
tighten ; (2) grip, hold tight, fit
tightly; (3) use force (in), exert
energy, act with a will, emphasize,
accentuate. A', kamba, make a rope
fast. K. nibiO) run hard. K. kuimba,
sing with a will. Nguo ya kukaza,
tight clothes. Ps. kazwa. Nt.
kazika. Ap. kaz-ia, -tzva, e. g.
kazia macho y rivet the gaze upon.
Cs. kaz-isha t -ishwa. Rp. kazana,
(i) hold each other, make a mutual
effort ; (2) hold together, be compact,
be firm (stiff, hard). Kazana na,
adhere to, stick to. (Cf. kazi,
kazo, rnkazo, and perh. kaa, v. Also
similar Ar. words denoting effort,
work, firmness.)
Kazi, n. (i) work, labour, em-
ployment, occupation, profession,
, function, a job; (2 X hard
work, toil, strain, effort, exertion ;
(3) normal action, regular duty,
routine. Mchezo htto ni k. burrc, a
game like that is labour thrown away,
a native view of athletics.
. that is what he always does,
or, he is responsible for it. Fanya.
(/enda) k., work, he a labourer.
Nguo hii ni k.ya ll'ahin<ii, this stuff
is made by Hindoos. A', ya maka-
taa, contract work , task work . (CC
Kazo, n. pressing tight, !
Also as a. -ka*o t tight.
(Cf. kaza, mkato!)
Kacoakaaoa, n. a term of abuse
l>crh. from soa and ka-, which see),
- tehcd gutter-scraper.
ke, a. (i) (also -a /
nalc sex, female, feminine;
- like a woman, timi-l. stupid.
Mk* (PL wake\ mtu mke (PI. wot*
wake\ mtu wa kike (PI. watu wa
kike), and most commonly mwana
ike, or - t v<ia*ake\
are all used of 'w.
resix:ct of sex simply. In rel
KEFU
136
KERIMU
the male sex, mke has the definite
meaning 'wife, married woman/ and
is then clearly distinguished from
mwanamke, which denotes an irregu-
lar connexion, e.g. mkewe waziriali-
kuwa mwanamke wake Abunuwasi,
the vizir's wife was Abunuwasi's para-
mour. Mke ni nguo, a wife means
(the cost of her) dress. Wake, as
a noun, plur. of mke, often takes for
distinctness pronouns of the form in
z-, i.e. -wake zake, his wives, rather
than wake wake. Watoto waanake,
or wa kike, girls. Batajike, a female
duck. Moyo wa kike, a womanly
(i.e. usually ' timid, stupid ') character.
(Cf. jike, kike, kuke, uke, and opp.
-ume.}
Kefu, int. also K6fule, expressing
disgusted surprise, indignation, aver-
sion. K. mimi killa siku, think of
me (being so treated) every day.
Mtu hamfanyizii hiana mtu asio-
amini, kefu aliomwamini, a man
does not act treacherously towards one
he distrusts, much less one he trusts.
Kefya-kefya, v. tease, annoy, nag
at, depress, discourage, put out of
heart. (Cf. sumbua, tesa, chokoza,
uthi.}
Keke, n. a drilling tool, a drill,
consisting of a steel bit (kekee}, fitted
into a wooden handle (msuka, m-
sukano], which is turned in a wooden
socket (jivu~) by a bow and string
(nt a). Described generally as ki-
dude cha kuzulia mti, a tool for bor-
ing wood.
Kekee, n. (i) a boring tool, see
Keke ; (2) a kind of silver bracelet,
usually broad and flat, fastened by a
clasp or bolt. (Cf. kikuku, bana-
giri, and urembo.}
Kekevu, n. hiccup. (Cf. kikeu-
keu, and more usu. in Z. kwikwi^)
Kelele, n. (ma-\ a shout, shout-
ing, uproar, noise. Piga k., shout,
five a shout. Nena kwa k., or,
ikelele, make a loud remark. Ma-
kelele, as an int. ordering silence,
i. e. Too much noise ! Be quiet ! Si-
lence ! (Cf. chub ! Jmss I Imu ! nya-
mazal (or, Plur., nyamazeni!
kimya ! Also cf. ukelele, kikelele.}
*Kem, interrog. adv. How much ?
How many ? e. g. in inquiring price,
kern ? wauzaje ? kiasi gani ? all
meaning ' How much ? ' (Arab.
Cf. kima.)
Kemea, v. scold, rebuke, speak
loudly (roughly) to, snub. Ps.
kemewa. (Cf. karipia, laumu,
nenea, ambilia.}
Kenda, n. and a., nine. -a
kenda, ninth. (Cf. syn. Ar. tissia,
tissa, equally common.)
Kenda, v. for kaenda, he has
gone. See Ka-. Also for Infin.
kivenda, e.g. kendapi? for kwenda
wapi ? a general inquiry Where are
you (he, they, &c.) going ?
Kenge, n. a large water-lizard,
common in Z. (For other kinds
cf. mj'ust, guruguru.}
Kengee, n. andUkengee, the flat
part of a cutting instrument, blade of
knife, sword, spearhead, &c. (Cf.
bapa, and contr. makali, edge, and
kipini, handle, of such instruments.)
Kengele, n. ( , and of size ma-) t
a bell. Piga k., ring a bell, ring.
(Cf. njttga.)
Kera, v. worry, tease, annoy, vex.
(Cf. kero, and syn. kefya-kefya, su-
mbua, tesa.~]
Kereketa, n. cause an irritating
sensation, esp. in tongue or throat,
have a rough taste, cause a choking
feeling. Koho yangu yanikereketa
kwa sababu ya kula tumbako, my
throat is irritated from chewing to-
bacco. Tumbako yanikereketa, the
tobacco has a harsh taste to me.
(Cf. syn. was ha.}
Kereza, v. (i) saw into, cut into
with a saw (rasp, file, &c.), make
a cut or notch in ; (2) cut in a lathe,
turn. Zikerezwazo, turned articles,
turnery. (Cf. follg.)
Kerezo, n. also Keezo, a ma-
chine for turning, a lathe.
*Keriruu, v. See Kirimu.
KERING'ENDE
137
KI-
Kering'ende, n. '0 a kind of
dragon-fly; (2} a red-legged part-
ridge (Str.) ; (3) ? a cricket.
Kero, n. trouble, annoyance, dis-
turbance, vexatious conduct. (Cf.
kcra, and syn. ghasia, niasumbtto.
uthia.)
Kesha, v. remain awake, keep
awake, stay up at night, not to sleep,
watch, keep watch! Ngoma ya vi-
jana haikeshi, a children's dance
does not last all night. Kesha
kwha, stay awake till the morning.
Ap. kesh-ea, -ewa, stay up for, keep
night watch with, nurse all night.
Cs. kfsh-esha, -eshwa, -fza, -c^-wa,
keep a person awake. Rp. ktshana,
remain awake together. (Cf.
kesha, n. and kesho, and syn. keti
na macho , kaa macho.')
Kesha, n. night watch, vigil.
j\'na k. yangu usiku kucha, I have
my watch all night long. Sikti ya
k. ya mwisho, the last night of a
formal mourning (tnatanga). (Cf.
kesha, v., kesho, and dist. kcsha for
kaisha, he has finished.)
Kesho, n. and adv., to-morrow,
the next day, the day after. A'.
kuchwa, the day after to-morrow.
K. yoke, the following day. A't<-
kesho knfh-ua, the third day
(also called mtondo).
Koto, n. (i) a small kind of
cowry. Also a game played with
these shells. Meno kama k., teeth
like cowries, a
CCf. kauri.) (2) (ma-), a string (of
beads, &c.). Two makete one
timba ; ten makete five timba
'undo. (?Cf. kata, n.)
Keti, v. (i) (in poet. Mtti), sit
take a seat ; (a) d\v<
stay, reside. Tafathali
please take a seat
meaning strictly, squat in the
Ps. ketivta. Ap.
' idttdt cha kni'ftia,
something to sit npon. Cs
sAa, -shwa, e. g. cause to rcmr. i
preserve. (Cf. Mi, and syn. kaa.)
Kh-. Many Swahili words are
taken from Arabic originals begin-
ning with the sound of A'//-. These
will be found under H in this Diction-
ary, representing the simple aspirate
to which they all become assimilated
in proportion as they become natural-
ized among Africans. On the other
hand, the Kh sound is often more or
less retained by persons imitating
or influenced by Arabic pronuncia-
tion. Some of these words are :
khabari, khadaa, khadimu, khafifu,
khaini, khaliftt, khamsi (and deri-
vatives), khara, kharadali, khatari^
khati, khatia, khatima, khazina,
khema, khcri, khcza, khorji, khoftt,
khubiri, khutuba.
*Khoja, n. a member of one of
the two chief sects of Mahommedan
Hindoos in Zanzibar, the other
being Bohora, which see. (Hind.)
Ki. verb-form, (it) is, ;\
with 1 > 3 (S), e. g. Mi hiki ki ghali,
this chair is expcr.
Ki-, as an initial syllable, is in far
the greater number of words a forma-
tive prefix, and one of the commonest
formativcs in the Swahili language,
so common that no attempt .
here to enumerate all the words be-
ginning or regularly formed with ki-.
Words not found under /.-
be looked for (i) under tin
itely following ki-, or (2).
under Ch-, since ki- usually (though
not always) becomes <//- before a
vowel (e. g. chungu for
ki- in any word is
among the lower classes
in Zanzibar. AY as a f<>
prefix is nsed (i with \
form verbal :
c embodiment or special
manifest :hc root-id
non-personal kind. <
characteristic use of ;/
t, and of m~ in forming per-
sonal (1 :
n.iy re-
KI-
138
KI-
tain its final -a. In this case, which
is not common, the verbal noun is
often followed by another noun de-
pending directly on it, e.g. kipa
mkono, kif ungua mlango (denoting
presents given on special occasions),
also kif a uwongo, and cf. kinywa,
mouth, kidonda, kifaa. (6) Changes
final a to o, si, zi, or is followed
by -ji, e.g. kitendo, kifungo, kituo,
kicheko, kiongozi, kikohozi, kinywaji,
kipaji. Obs. also kiumbe, and chum-
ba. This form (ki- with a verbal root
and termination -o] is not only com-
mon, but may practically be formed
at pleasure from any suitable root.
In some cases the word becomes
specialized and limited in meaning
(e. g. kifuo, a stake used for husking
cocoanuts), but seldom loses alto-
gether the power of including any
of the following meanings, act, pro-
cess, time, place, method, instrument,
instance or case, i. e. some particular
embodiment of the idea conveyed by
the root. Instances of all kinds fol-
low in their place in the Dictionary,
e. g. kiango, limited to a kind of
lamp-stand ; kicho including a feeling
of fear, and an object feared ; kipendo,
meaning love, but strictly loving in
connexion with some occasion or
particular case either of the feeling
or of the object ; kikao, kifungo, with
a wide range of meanings. Ki- is
also used with other than verb-roots
with the same general (concrete non-
personal) meaning, e.g. kitu as
comp. with mtu, kivuli with mvuli
and uvuli, and even with reference to
persons in such words as kizee, kipofu,
kiziwi, kibeti, but see below (3). (2)
To form diminutives with noun-stems,
and as such may be used before any
suitable noun whatever, often dis-
placing an initial m or u, e. g. ki-
toto, kipande, kivuli, and sometimes
followed by a ji- or /-, especi-
ally with monosyllabic roots, e.g.
kijiti, kijibwa t kijiji t kijana,kijumba,
kijineno. Obs. that ki- may convey
the idea, not only (a) of relative small-
ness, but () of relative unimportance,
e. g. kishughuli, a small trifling
business ; of endearment, e. g. kipenzi,
darling ; and of secrecy or contempt,
e.g. kishauri, a plot, kijumbe, a
secret (or private) messenger, kijitu,
a raannikin. Obs. that relative degrees
of size may be conveyed in the case
of some words by placing them in
different declensions, D 3, D 5, or D 6,
e. g. kipete, a small ring ; pete, a ring
of ordinary size; pete (pi. mapete},
a large ring. (3) With noun-stems
and adjectives, to give them an ad-
verbial use, and also a peculiar use as
nouns, denoting the sort or kind
which the noun itself expresses.
E. g. amevaa kizungu, he is dressed
in European fashion ; alilia kisimba,
he roared like a lion ; asema kigeni,
he talks in a foreign way, like a
stranger. Kaa kitako, sit on the
haunches. Kiti cha kifalme, a royal
throne. Manibo ya kisasa, modern
ways. Vitu vya kikale, antiquated,
old-fashioned things (but vittt vya
kale, antiquities, ancient things).
When used independently, this form
often denotes the language of a place
or country, e. g. kiunguja, the lan-
guage of Zanzibar. To this use may
also be referred words like kizee,
kipofu, kilema, &c., commonly used
of persons, but meaning ' one of the
old generation, one of the blind sort,'
&c., and perhaps kinyozi, kiongozi
(see above (i)). Ki is also used as
follows: (i) as the pfx. of all ad-
jectives and verbs (both subjective
and objective) corresponding to D 3
f&\ e . g. kitu kiki changu kizuri
lhakipendenza kitoto kile, this pretty
thing of mine pleases that little child.
(2) In verbs, ki is (a) the character-
istic of the Pres. Partic. corresponding
to the Eng. Partic. in -ing, and may
be translated according to the con-
text by such words as, ' if, supposing,
as, when, while, though, &c.' Obs.
that niki- in this use is often con-
KIA
139
KIBABA
traded into hi, as nika~ into ha. (ft)
mes inserted before the root in
. ense to denote an imperfect,
or continuing action or state, e.g.
alipokisema, while he was still talk-
ing; alikingoja, he was waiting.
(c) Sometimes used for ka as a con-
nective particle in narrative. So
strongly is the ki- sound identified
with its use as a prefix in Swahili,
that even when it belongs to the root,
as esp. in words of Arabic origin, it is
constantly treated as a pfx., and
changed to vi- in the Plur. of such
nouns, e. g. in the case of kitabu,
kiasi, kilele, kibtriti, and others.
Kia, n. (via), door bar. (Cf. ki-
wi, pingo, komeo.) Also as v., step
over. (Seldom in Z. Cf. kiuka,
chupa.)
*Kiada, adv. in an orderly, dis-
tinct, intelligible way. Scma k.,
speak slowly and distinctly. Niclezc
lain to me distinctly. (Ar.)
Kialio, n. (f/-), stick laid across
f a cooking pot inside,
to prevent what is cooked from being
burnt. Dim. of wa/io, or perh. for
kilalio. (Cf. ulalo, /a/a.
Kiambaza, n. See Kiwambaza-
Kianga, n. (OT-), and sometimes
Kiangazi, a burst of sunshine, ray of
light, reflected brightness, in:
brightness, or fine weather. (Cf.
anga, mwanga, angalia, &c.)
Kiango, n. (v*-), a nall sus-
pended stand, carrier, or support (for
a lamp, &c.). Dim. of mwango.
-a, angika, and change, a peg.)
Kiapo. n. (vi-), an oath, an ordeal,
by oath or ordeal,
sworn by, or used in ordeal. Fanya
.
.IT an oath.
'., to submit to an ordeal.
husadiki, tuU kiapo, if you do
not Ixrlicve, let us try ordeal,
aths. Pelf
! to swi-.ir. rr.jiiire to
an ordeal. \
of ordeal are kiapo cha moto, cha
mkale, cha sindano, cha mibano, cha
tnchtle,' cha kibao, &c. (Cf. apa,
ttapo, apiza, $\so yamini, zitnt.}
Kiarabu, n. and adv., the
language, something of the Arabic
kind, in the Arab way. (Cf.
Mwarabu, and ki-.}
Kiasi, n. (vi-) and adv., also
Kassi, (i) measure, quantity, amount
(cf. kadiri, kipimo) ; (2) moderation,
self-control, temperance (cf. kadiri,
kujizitid) ; (3) a little, a small
(moderate) amount (cf. kidogo) ; (4)
the charge of a gun, cartridge.
Common in inquiring price, K.gani ?
How much? What is the price?
Aftu wa k., a temperate person, a
man of moderation. Alimpa k., he
gave him a little. As adv. of
quantity, time, or space, 'a little,'
e.g. nen0hililimeanzak.,\h\s business
began some time ago. Alikwtnda k.,
he went a little way. (Ar., the
radical ki being treated as formative,
as in kitabu, &c. See Ki, and cf.
kidogo.)
Kiatu, n. (vi~) , native shoe, sandal ,
and used of any kind known in Z.
A', cha ngozi, leather sandal, flat
sole with cross strap and small thong
git/amu) between the toes.
bazi.) A', cha ////;', a kind of wooden
clog, worn indoors, and held on by
a peg (msuruaJki) between the toes.
Known as mtafawanda, from the
wood used . A", cha kihindi (ki.
l>can) shoe. Mshmta
viatu, or mshoni wa viatu, a
maker.
Kiaai, n. (w-) f a weet potntoe,
root of a kind of convolvulus.
Different kinds are known ;
stna (white), k. kindoro (red). A".
cha kizungu, the common (European)
potatot. //, yam, also k.
manga.
Kibaba, n. (i'i-), (i) a c
dry measure, about a pint bn
or a pound and a half of gra
kibaba is half a kixaga, and a quarter
of a fishi. A', cha tele, a full, heaped
KIBAKULI
140
KIBONDE
up measure. K. cha mfuto, a measure
full to top only. (2) Dim. of baba.
*Kibakuli, n. (/-), small basin.
Also a kind of millet (tntama).
(Ar. Cf. bakuli, and chungu.']
*Kibali,n.alsoIkibali,Ukubali,
acceptance, sanction, favour, assent.
(Ar. Cf. kubali, and syn. urathi,
it hint.}.
Kibanda,n. (w-), small hut, hovel,
shed, workshop, usu. covered, and
open at the sides. Dim. of banda,
Kibano, n. ('-), small forceps,
split stick (for holding fish, &c. over
a fire to roast). (Cf. follg.)
Kibanzi, n. (w-) and Kibanji,
splinter, chip. K. cha ukuni chali-
ruka, a chip from the firewood flew
up. Vibanzi vya shoka, chips made
by an axe. (Cf. banzi, bana, ki-
bano.}
Kibao, n. See Kibau.
Kibapara, n. (), a pauper, des-
titute person. Used in contempt.
(Cf. bupuru, an empty shell, and syn.
maskini, fiikara?)
Kibara, n. dim. of l>ara, a small
wilderness, a small patch of waste
land, &c. See Bara.
Kibarango, n. dim. of mbarango,
a short thick stick, cudgel, club.
Also of a stumpy, thick-set person.
(Cf. bakora for different kinds of
stick.)
*Kibaraza, n. small seat, bench.
See Baraza.
*Kibarua, n. (z*-), (i) a small
written note, letter, ticket. Hence
commonly (2) a day labourer of any
kind, from the ticket on presentation
of which each is paid. Dim. oi
barua, which see.
Kibata, n. dim. of (i) mbata
which see ; (2) data, i. e. a duckling.
Kibau, n. (w'-) a small board
shelf, &c. K. cha ktiezekea, roofing
shingle. Dim. ofu&au, which see.
Kibawa, n. (#/'-), little wing, smal
feather, fin. Dim. of bawa, ubawa
*Kiberiti, n. (*'-), sulphur, a
match, a firework. Washa kiberiti
itrike a match. Rusha viberiti, let
>ff fireworks. (Ar. Cf./ataM.)
Kibete, n. (/-), undersized crea-
ure (man, beast, bird), a dwarf, a
bantam, &c. (Cf. mbilikirno.}
Kibia, n. (OT-), a small cooking
x>t or pan, or its lid, an earthenware
cover. Seldom in Z. (Cf. bia, and
chitngu!)
Kibibi, n. (i) dim. of bibi, a little
ady ; (2) cramp (cf. kiharusi). Mguu
wangu umefanya kilnbi, I have cramp
in the leg. (3) A name for the pea-
cock (tausf).
Kibindo, n. mode of securing the
loincloth round the waist, by
crossing the two upper (opposite)
corners, and folding them back under
the cloth itself. This is described as
piga (Junga, kaza) kibindo. Futika
kibindoni, tuck into the fold of the
waistcloth. (? Cf. kipindo, pinda,
pindo, upindo, and dist. ^lb^nda )
Kibinja, n. (-), a whistle (in-
strument). (Cf. tibinja.)
Kibiongo, n. (z/z-), a person bent
by age or infirmity, bowed, round-
shouldered (Str.). (Cf. jongo, ma-
ongo.}
*Kibla, n. north. See Kibula.
(Ar. Cf. kabili)
Kibobwe, n. (m-}, a broad strip of
calico, wound tightly round the
waist for support during work or
exercise, esp. by women.
Kibofu, n. (z>/-), a bladder.
Kibogoshi, n. (vi-), a small bag
made of a skin, a leather bag, used
to carry miscellaneous articles on a
journey, money, powder, &c.
Kibogoyo, n. a person who is
toothless, or has but few teeth.
Kiboko, n. (-) a hippopotamus,
also Boko. Viboko vya shingo, small
zigzag ornament embroidered in silk
on a kanzu round the neck. See
Kanzu.
Kibonde, n. (vi-\ trench, deep
furrow, hollow between ridges. Dim.
KIBUA
141
KICIIOCIIEO
of bonde. Kibondcbonde, uneven,
undulating, rolling country.
Kibua, n. (vi-), a small kind of
fish.
*Kibula, n. also Kibula, and
Kibla, Kebla, the direction of
Mecca, the point to which Mahom-
medans turn in prayer, in Zanzibar,
the north. (Ar. Cf. kabili, and
kaskc.
Kibumba, n. (vi-) , also Kipumba,
small packet, parcel, bunch, lump,
cluster, e.g. of earth, tobacco, thread,
flour. Dim. of bumba. Also adv.,
in lumps, in bunches, &c.
Kibungu, n. (vi-), small earthen-
ware dish. Dim. of bungu. See
Chungu.
Kibunzi, n. (vi-), a sanded board,
nsed for predicting future events.
(Cf. re.
*Kiburi, n. pride, arrogance, con-
ceit, haughtiness. Piga (fanya) k.,
show on, be ostentatious, play the
grandee. Aftu asiye na k. na watu,
one who does not treat people in a
discourteous (contemptuous, off-hand)
way. (Ar. Cf. tdkabari, and piga
rttakuu, majivitno.)
Kibuyu, n. (vi-), (i) a small cala-
bash, nut of the tree mbuyu, used as
a jug or bucket. Dim. of buyu. (a)
A kit.
Kibuzi, n. (vi-}, a small goat,
uzi.
Kibwana, n. (vi- , young master.
Dim. of tnuana.
Kibwe, n. (vi-), small pebble.
>f mbvx. (Cf. kijiwt.)
Kibweta, n. (vi-), small box,
small case, e.g. writing-desk, jcwel-
: cssing-case. Dim. of trweta,
ia, n. (vi-), k. cha u;
palm leaf as sold in bundles, before
being slit into strips :
(Cf. chana, and i
Kichaa, n. craziness, lunacy, mad-
ness. Ana k., he is crazy. Umaxi-
. his poverty
has driven liim mad. ((
wazimu,}
Kichaka, n. (vi-}, small clump of
trees, thicket, clump (or, heap) of
brushwood, bundle of sticks. Dim.
of chaka.
Kichala, n. (#*-), bunch, cluster
of fruit. A', cha mzabibu, a bunch
of grapes. (Cf. uchala, chana,
tana.}
Kichalichali, adv. on the back,
of a supine position, i. e. mgongoni.
See Chali.
Kichane, n. (vi-)i small splinter
of wood. See Ghana, v.
Kichangam'ko, n. (vi-}, display
of gaiety, joyous outburst. (Cf.
changam ka,}
Kicheche,n. (vi-),dim. of cheche,
which see.
Kichego, n. also Kigego and Ki-
jego (which see).
Kicheko, n. (vi-}, a laugh, smile,
giggle, grin. (Cf. c/uka, chcko.}
Kichembe, n. (vi-), (i) dim. of
chembe, which see. Kichembe cha
moyo, the pit of the stomach. Also
(a) for kitembe, which see.
Kichikichi, n. (vi-), small nut or
kernel contained in the fruit chikichi
of the palm-oil tree (mchikichi).
Kichilema, n. (vi-), the heart of
the growing part at the top of a
cocoanut tree, a soft nutty substance
nsed as salad and also cooked.
Called also moyo wa mnazi, kilcU
cha mnazi. See Mnazi.
Kicbinjo, n. act (mode, operation,
&C.) of slaughtering, or sacrificing
an animal.
MI'S sacrifice (of Isaac).
chinja, fhinjo.)
Kicho, n. (vi-), cause {
act) of fear, danger, alarm, show of
panic saved
-cha, i< 'to.)
Kichochoo, n. (vi-), act, method,
; ;iiR-nt of fining up, e.g.
(i) a p , stok-
ing; (a) also fig. provocation,
provocative sjx (Cf.
chocha, chochta, and follg.)
KICHOCHO
142
KIDOKO
Kichocho, n. (vi~), sensation, ex-
citement, stimulus. Mwenyi k., in
an excited state. (Cf. prec.)
Kichochoro, n. (vi-), a narrow
alley or passage between native huts
as in Zanzibar city, leaving room all
round for the projecting eaves and
for scaffolding if necessary. (Cf.
chochoro, mchochoro.)
Kichomi, n. (vi-), stabbing pain,
pricking sensation. (Cf. choma,
and follg.)
Kichomo, n. (vi-), act (process,
method, instrument, &c.) of stabbing,
burning, &c. Used of cautery.
(Cf. choma, mchomo, kichomi.)
Kichungu, a. bitter, of a bitter
kind. Majanikichungu, bitter herbs.
(Cf. -chungu, uchungu.)
Kichupa. n. (vi-) also Kitupa,
small bottle, phial, flask. Dim. of
chupa.
Kichwa, n. (vi-), also, but less
commonly in Z., heard as kitwa, (i)
the head ; (2) the upper part, top ;
(3) principal thing, important part or
person, prime mover, leader, author,
beginning, chief point, source ; (4)
anything resembling a head ; (5)
pain in the head ; (6) obstinacy, pride,
neadiness. K. wazi, bare head, bare
headed. Una k. ? tufunge tngomba,
Have you a headache ? let us apply
a banana leaf. Kuiva no. k., kufanyd
k., to be headstrong (presumptuous,
refractory). K. kikubwa, big head,
swelled head, pride, arrogance, ob-
stinacy. Jipa k. y pata k., be proud,
&c. Mwenyi k., a proud, obstinate
person. Kwa k. ktkubwa, in a pre-
sumptuous, headstrong way. Kichwa
kichiva, topsy turvy, upside down.
Kichwa-ngomba, n. (vi-} , turning
head over heels, a somersault. (Cf.
prec.)
Kidaka, n. (vi-}, (i) a cocoanut
in the first stage of growth on the
flower stem, before it becomes kitale
(see Nazi) ; (2) a recess in the wall
of a house, a niche, cupboard (cf.
kishubakd) ; (3) of the uvula, called
kidaka tonge . (Cf. dak a , a n d s i m i 1 a r
name kinywa mchuzi, imperial.)
*Kidamu, n. front part of vessel,
bow, but more usual omo, gubeti,
which see. v. go before, go in
front. (Ar. Cf. takadanni, ka-
damti.)
Kidanga, n. (vi-} and a., of fruit in
a very early stage of formation, before
it is even changa, e.g. limau ki-
danga, embe k.
Kidani, n. (vi-}, a neck ornament,
necklace, collar of gold or silver,
often chain work, with large open
links. (Cf. mkufu, and tirembo.)
Kidari, n. (vi-}, breast, chest,
of men and animals. (Cf. kifua,
of man only.)
Kidau, n. (vi-}, (i) a small kind
of native boat (see Dau) ; (2) a
small containing-vessel, pot, e.g.
kidau cha ivino, an ink-pot. (Also
kidawa from Arab, dawat, ink-stand.
Cf. dawati, and follg.)
*Kidawati, n. small box of writing
materials, writing case. Dim. of da-
ivati (which see, and prec.). (Ar.)
Kidevu, n. (vi-}, chin. Ndevu
zamwota kidevuni, a beard is grow-
ing on his chin. (Cf. udevu, and
? -/.)
Kidimbwi, n. (vi-) also Ki-
dumbwi, small pool, puddle, e.g.
on the shore at low water.
Kidinga, n. Kidingapopo, dengue
fever. (Cf. homa.)
Kidogo, from -djogo, which see.
Very common as (i) n. a small piece,
a morsel, a bit, a little. Nipe k. cha
mkate, give me a morsel of bread.
(2) adv. a little, in a small degree,
on a small scale, moderately, not
much, and of time ' presently, soon.'
Alifanya nguvu kidogo, he exerted
himself slightly. (3) a. in a small
degree, in a small quantity, a few,
a little, e.g. iuatu kidogo, a few
people. Mchelt kidogo, a little rice.
Kidoko, n. (vi-), also Kidokezi,
(i) a click, smack. Piga k,, give a
click with the tongue, smack the lips.
KIDOLE
143
KIFICHO
(a) A hint, sign/ secret suggestion.
(Cf. t/otfta.)
Kidole, n. (z>/-), one of the ex-
tremities of the hand or foot, a finger,
a toe. Distinguished as k. cha mgun,
a toe, and k. cha mkono, a finger ;
and these further as k. cha gumba,
thumb ; k. cha shahada, fore-finger ;
k. cha kati or kikubwa, middle finger ;
k. cha kati ya kando, fourth finger ;
k. cha mwisho, little finger. (Cf.
dole, udole, rarely used in Z.)
Kidomo, n. (w-), dim. of mdomo,
'.ittle lip (beak, mouth); (a)
daintiness in food. Yuna kidorno,
he is dainty.
Kidonda, n. ('), dim. of donda,
a small wound, sore, ulcer, breaking
out. (Cf. donda, ? dondoa.}
Kidonge, n. (vi-} and Kitonge,
a small round mass, a small lump, a
little ball, a small mouthful (of food).
K. cha uzi, a ball of cotton. A', cha
dawa, a pill. Dim. of donge. (Cf.
donge, tonge?)
Kidoto, n. (vi-\ blinker, a small
patch or bandage of cloth, fastened
camel's eyes while working
a mill. Fiinga vidolo, blindfold.
(Cf. kijamatida^)
Kidude, n. (-), dim. of dude
(which sec /t a little what-do-you-call-
ript thing. Kidude gani
\\ hat sort of a thing do you
call tl
K I'ludu, n. f ?<*-), dim. of mdudu
(which see), a small insect.
Kidugu, n. and adv. (i)
ndugtty little brother (cf. kibuzi and
mbuzi, kigao and nguo)\ (a) in a
1 1 way, like brother*. Kupend-
idugu, to love as brothers.
so, n. (w-), act (process,
manner, means) of showing or ex-
..;, explanation, pattern, model,
illustration, comment. Fuasa A.,
copy a patter -iclczo. (Cf.
clezo, fhflfzo, eUa.)
Kiembo, n. (vi-\ arrow, not
often in /. (Cf. chembe and note,
and syn. m shale.)
Kiendeleo, n. (vi-\ making a
fonvard movement, progress, process.
(Cf. etuta, tndelea, &c.)
Kieneo, n. (vi-\ extending, extent,
extension. (Cf. enta, eneo.}
Kienezo, n. (OT-), something* to
measure with, &c. See Chenezo.
Kienge, n. (yi-}, dim. of mwenge,
small torch, kindlings, any small
thing burning or to burn.
Kifa, n. (i) (w-), kifa uwongo,
the sensitive plant, lit. the death-
shammer (cf. fd}-\ (2) nipple of a
gun, pan of a matchlock.
Kifaa, n. (*-), a useful thing, a
thing for use, personal belongings,
household necessaries, utensil. (Cf.
faa, v., and faa, mafaa, also riziki,
vyombo, pambo.}
Kifafa, n. fits, convulsions, epi-
xepsy. (Perh. cf. -/a, kifa, i.e. a
a sort of dying.)
Kifalme, n. and adv., also Ki-
faume, (i) (**-), dim. of nifalmc,
a petty king; (a) royal state, of a
royal sort, e.g. kiti cha k., iiguo za
/., a royal seat, royal robes; (3) in
a royal way, as a king.
Kifani, n. (vi-}> and Kifano, a
similar thing, that which matches, a
fellow, n parallel, a match, an equal.
Haina kifani, it is unique, it is un-
equalled. (Cf. m/ano,/iin<jfta.}
Kifaranga, n. (w-), young bin!,
chicken. (Cf.
/<?.)
ro, n. (w*-), a rhinoceros,
faro being seldom heard. Also (i)
a stick of thick hide, used to beat
slaves with, and (a) a blow uith
such a stick, c. ;;
sifa, I will give him six cuts. (Cf.
UHk.
Kifaume, n. (see Kifalme), royal
i-gal dignity, cScc. JHga *.,
play the king.
Kiflcho, n. (fi-)i net (process,
manner, place, Ac.) of hiding. ]>lace
raiment, a stea
hand) manner. A'wa kifich
secret way. Mambo ya kiftihofitho,
KIFIDIO
144
KIFUNGUO
intriguings, underhand ways. (Cf.
ficha,ficho, and syn. setiri, siri.}
*Kifldio, n. (z^-), ransom, fine,
redemption money. (,{.fidi,fidia)
and dia, iikombozi.*}
Kifiko, n. act (time, manner, place,
circumstances, &c.) of arriving, arriv-
al, point arrived at, stage of journey,
destination. (Cf.y^a.)
Kifo, n. (w-), act (circumstances,
place, manner, &c.) of dying, death.
Haivakuona k. chake alikofia, they
did not see where his death took
j^ace. (Cf. -fa, -/, kifa, kifafa,
a thing dying, kifu, a dead thing, ufu,
the state of being dead, and syn.
maufi.}
*Kifu, v. be sufficient (for), suffice,
satisfy. Wanne hawakukifu^ four
were not enough. Ap. kif-ia, -iwa,
e. g. amenikifia hajayangu, he satis-
fied my wish. n. a sufficient
quantity, a full amount, abundance.
(Ar. Cf. syn. tosha, ritkisha.}
Kifu, n. and adv. (i) (vt-), a dead
thing ; (2) as if dead. (Cf. -fa and
syn. maiti.}
Kifua, n. (*-), (i) breast, bosom,
chest, pulmonary region, usu. of
man only (cf. kidart] ; (2) any chest
affection, cough, consumption, pleu-
risy, pneumonia. Hawezi kifua, he
has a chest complaint. (3) A small
round wooden platter, used like
chano for washing things on, and
other purposes. (Cf. fua, beat,
thump, and mafua, pafu^)
' Kifudifudi, adv. on the face, face
downwards, of position. (Cf.
fudifudi, fudikiza, kifulifuli, and
contr. kitanitani, kichalichali?)
Kifuko, n. (#*)> dim. of mfuko
fuko (which see), small bag, pocket,
purse.
Kifulifuli, adv. on the face, face
downwards. (Cf. kifuctifudi?)
Kifumba, n. (m-} } dim. otfumba
(which see), a matting bag, sleeping
sack. (Cf. follg.)
Kifumbu, n. (W-), small round
basket or bag used for squeezing
grated cocoanut in, and straining
out the juice (/*') a strainer. (Cf.
fumba, kifumba, &c.)
Kifundo, n. (w-), (i) a knot.
Piga k. cha nguo, make a knot of a
piece of calico, tie up in one's clothes.
^2) Protuberance, joint, as resem-
bling a knot. K. cha mguu, the
ankle. K. cha mkono, the wrist.
Mwili wa kifundo kifundo, i. e. with
small knot-like swellings on the
body. (Cf. fundo, fundua, and
perh. funda, and for ankle, wrist,
kiwiko.}
Kifungo, n. (vi-), a fastening, act
(process, method, &c.) of fastening,
something which fastens. Hence a
wide variety of meanings (see
Funga), defined by the context, or
by another word, e.g. (i) button,
stud, brooch, buckle, clasp, chain,
cord, or other contrivance for fast-
ening; (2) prison, place of confine-
ment, whether chain (nrinyororit) t
fetters (pingu), stocks (tnkatale), en-
closure or cell. Peleka kifungoni,
send to prison. (3) fig. bond, charter,
that which binds (seals, cements, &c.),
e. g. Mahomet is called k. cha dini,
i. e. the force which holds religion
together, the corner stone of the faith.
Kifungo may also mean (4) a puzzle,
a poser, a dilemma; (5) an act of
fasting, &c. ; (6) bondage, slavery.
(Ci.funga, and for binding materials
kamba.}
Kifungu, n. (w-), dim. of fungu,
a small heap (portion, part, &c.).
(Ct.funga.}
Kifungua, n. (vty, an opener, an
unfastener. A verbal noun governing
the word following, e.g. k. kopo, a
tin-opener. K. mlango, a present for
opening a door. K. kinwa, break-
fast. (Ctfungajungua, mfunguo,
and follg.)
'
a small key (cf. prec.). Also of a
private key, a thief's key, skeleton
key (for which special meaning, see
Ki).
KIFTJNIKO
145
KIGUGU
Kifuniko, n. (z//-), anything which
.1) top, lid, cover, case, &c. ;
(2) fig. concealment, hiding. A', cha
siri, concealment of a mystery. (Cf.
fun:
Kifunuo, *n. (*-), unfolding, un-
covering, revealing, &c., that which
unfolds', reveals, &c. (Cf.funua.)
Kifuo, n. a stake fixed in the
off the husk of cocoanuts. Also dim.
of tnftif, a small groove (line, mark,
(Cf./wa, ufuo, ufuko^}
Kifupa, n. (z*-), dim. of fupa, a
small lx>ne.
Kifupi, adv. and n. of a short,
abbreviated kind, in a brief way,
a short piece. (Cf. -//*)
Kifurushi, n. (w-), dim of furu-
shi, a small parcel, packet, bundle.
Kifusi, n. rubbish, and esp. of
old materials fit for further use, old
and mortar, &c., not used
like mawe in contempt. (Cf./usia.}
Kifuu, n. (*') (i) an empty
cocoanut shell ; also (2) a cuttle-fish
bone, i.e. kifuu cha ngizi. (Cf.
Kifya, n. (z*-), dim. form oijifya,
which see.
Kigae, n. (w-), piece of broken
pottery .are, china, glass.
&c., potsherd. K. cha paa, used of
a roofing tile. (Cf. gae^)
Kigaga, n. (z/i-), dry hard scale,
scurf, scab. Ac. (Cf. kikoko, ukoko.}
Kiganda, n. (n'-}, dim. of ganda.
K. cha mkate, outside crust of bread
(opp. to nyama, the crumb.)
Kigawanyo. n. that which
ft divisor, fiistributimi. <Hvi,ion. So
kigavjanyiko < that which is divided
ibuted, share, dividend. (Cf.
gawa,gttwanya.}
i. SeeKijego.
Kigelegelo. n. (ft-), a ;
high-pitche<l trill, shrill scream, used
by women esp. as a sign of joy or
triumph, welcome on return, at a
birth. &c. (Cf. ktUU, and shfr
Kigereng'enza, n. (vt-), a very
small splinter, broken piece, frag-
ment, chip. (Cf. kigae.}
Kigeugeu, n. a. ami adv., change-
able, fickle, unstable, wayward thing
or person, of a changeable kind, in
an uncertain fluctuating way. (Cf.
Kigoe, n. (*-), instrument for
extraction, hooked stick, small hook,
crook, claw. (Cf. ttg'oa, ugoe.}
Kigogo, n. (*-), dim. of gogo, a
small log, a block of wood, a lump.
Also adv. lala &., sleep like a log.
Kigogota, n. (f*-), a woodpecker.
(Cf. gogota.)
Kigoli, n. (vi-}, a girl, of one just
growing up, almost marriageable,
between mtoto and niwali. Not often
heard in Z.
Kigomba, n. '(vi-), dim. of mgO'
mba, small banana plant, banana
shopt.
Kigongo, n. (t/-), dim. of
and gongo, (i) small club, cudgel ;
(2) hump, hunch, ridge, projection.
Hence kigongo, or mwenyi kigongo,
a hunchback, a deformed person.
Kigongo cha ntlima, mountain ridge.
(3) A seam, in sewing.
Kigosho, n. (vt-) t bend, crook,
curve, esp. when abnormal, a de-
formity. Nimtteketta moto nikafanya
k. cha mkono, I burnt myself, and
got a t>ent arm. M(:<
(cha miguu], a knock-kneed man.
Fimbo hii ina k., this
crook in it. (Cf. kombo, kikombo,
//.)
*Kiguba, n. (fi-), dim. of guba
(which see), a small bunch of ai
leaves, containing often >
basil) sprinkl i (a fragrant
ndamu
Kigudulia, n. (r-/-\ dim. -
fia, a small jar or pitcher, smn! .
cooler of porous c
Kigugu. n. and adv. (T: a
weed 05 wild plant (d.g*gu) ; (2) like
KIGUGTJMIZI
146
KIJAMANDA
a weed, like weeds, in a wild unculti-
vated way, e. g. nyumba hizi zimc-
jengwa ., these houses are built like
weeds, all huddled together. Panda
k., plant too close together.
Kigugumizi, n. stammering, stut-
tering, speaking in jerks or gulps, &c./
described as kigugumizi cha maneito,
or maneno ya kigugumizi. (Cf.
gugumiza.)
Kigunda, n. (vi-\ dim. of gunda,
horn, war-horn.
Kiguni, n. (vi-}, dim. of guni, a
small strong matting bag, often used
for bringing dates to Z.
Kigutu, n. (z>z-), stump of a tree,
also of a human limb, injured or
deformed. (Cf. kikono, kiguu.}
Kiguu, n. (z>*-), dim. of mguu,
(i) a leg or foot disabled or shortened
by injury or disease, &c., a stump, a
clubfoot ; (2) a person so disabled
or disfigured, one who is lame,
crippled, unable to walk;. (3) any-
thing like a leg or leg-shaped, e. g.
one of four ' little feet ' or projections
worked on either side of the mjusi
(lizard-ornament) on the front of a
native kanzu, also called kipaji.
See Kanzu. (Kijiguu is also dim.
of mguu?)
Kiguzo, n. (vi-\ dim. of nguzo,
(i) small post, pillar, stake, palisade,
prop; (2) anything serving a similar
purpose, literally or fig. support,
prop, comfort, assurance, &c.
Kigwe, n. (vi-}, dim. of ugwe,
small cord, string, braid, piping on
the edge of a dress, a rein. (Cf.
kitani, uzt, kamba.}
Kihame, n. (vi-), a deserted house
(village, district). (f. hama, ma-
hame, -e being a passive termination.)
Kiherehere, n. (i) palpitation,
confused movement, e.g. k. cha moyo,
palpitation of the heart ; (2) trepida-
tion, bustle, anxiety.
*Kihindi, n. and adv. (i) the
Hindoo language, Hindostani ; (2) of
the Hindoo kind, -a kihindi, Indian.
(Cf. Mhindi.)
*Kihori, n. (*'-), dim. of hori,
(i) small gulf, inlet; (2) small
(Indian) canoe.
Kiinamizi, n. bending, stooping
down, as for work. Nyamaya /.,
i.e. a butcher's perquisite of meat.
(Cf. j'nama, jinamizi?)
Kiini, n. (vi-\ innermost part of
a thing, and so (i) kernel or stone of
fruit, e.g. the inner part of a clove
(garafuu\ when the outer skin is
removed after soaking in water; (2)
the yolk of an egg, kiini cha yai ;
(3) the heart or hard core of a tree,
called also moyo wa rntt, esp. if soft,
nutty, or pithy ; (4) pupil of the eye,
cf. mboni. (Cf. ini, and syn.
moyo.}
Kiini-macho, n. (*-), also Mk.,
a conjurer, a conjurer's trick, sleight
of hand, jugglery. Distinguished
from uganga, e. g. huyu si mganga,
ni k., this man is not a real medicine
man, but a juggler. Mganga ame-
fanya k., the medicine man used a
juggler's trick. (Perh. cf. prec.,
also inika for root, m&jicho.}
Xiinua, n. that which raises up,
verbal governing a word following,
e. g. kiinua mgongo, that which raises
the back, gratuity to one who has
been bending over his work. (Cf.
kinyosha mgongo, and ki.}
Kiisha, adv. for Ikiisha, also Ki-
sha, this ended-, afterwards, next,
moreover, and besides, in fine, finally.
Huyu ni mbaya k. mchaivi> this
man is a scoundrel and moreover a
wizard. ( From is ha, v. Cf.mwisAo,
hatima, baada.}
Kiitiko, n. (z'z-), and Kiitikio,
response, musical refrain. (Cf.
ita, v.)
Kijakazi, n. ('-), a young slave
girl, a poor slave woman. (Cf.
mjakazi, and mtumwa.}
Kijaluba, n. (vi-}, small narrow
metal box, often used for aromatic
substances, and carried on the breast
by women.
Kijamanda, n. (vi-*), small box
KIJAMBA
147
KIJITO
:et of thick stiff plaited work,
made .of leaf-strips dyed various
colours. Many come from Mada-
(3) A small basket-work
blinker, or cover fastened over the
eyes of a camel while at work. (Cf.
kidoto and kinga?)
Kijamba, n. (09-), a small rock.
Pirn, of mwamba, which see.
Kijana, n. (vt-), dim. of mwana,
meaning generally, a young person
male or female, but also with special
meanings, as youthfulness is viewed
in reference to (i) age, (2) relation-
}) physical development, (4)
social position. (i) As to age, the
kijana has ceased to be an mtoto
mchanga, and is not yet mfu ntzima,
though still an mtoto. Mtoto akipata
*aba. amckitwa k. tnwenyi
akili, when a child is seven years old,
he is a kijana and come to years of
discretion. Amekuu<a /., aweza ku-
sfma, he is a kijana, he can speak
for himself. Wewe k., sisi ivatu
-vazirna, you are a kijana, we are
grown-up people. (2) As to re-
lationship, kijana means merely son
or daughter. Wakaomba ktua Afu-
ungu kufwta k., nnd they prayed to
God that they might have offspi ing (a
child). K. cha Sultani, the Sultan's
son. (3) As to physical development
k. means any one in full vigour and
capable of bearing arms, i.e. from
boyhood till past the prime of life,
as contr. with rntoto on one side, and
muc on the other, and practically
:nous with miima. (4) As to
social relations, /. means a depen-
dent, servant, slave. It is also used
of the 'master of the hoti^
reference to his own property (cf.
mwana for ' mistrcs
house,' i.e. txrrhaps heir of the house
; ightful owner). (Cf. mwm* 9
. bwana.}
Kijego, n. (vi-\ also Kichego, a
>ps its upper teeth
first, and therefore considered un-
lucky, and often exposed or put to
death by the relations. Alikutva k.,
alitanguliza knot a mcno ya jitn, he
was an unlucky child, his upper
teeth grew first. (Cf. chego, and
jino, also syn. timw, titrifi.}
Kijembe, n. (vi-\ dim. of jetnbe,
1 i ) small cuttinginstrument, penknife,
lancet (cf. kijisit, andjemfo, kiembi) ;
(2) ?fig. of cutting, sarcastic, ironical
language, i.e. man en o ya kijembe,
sema kijembe.
Kijia, n. (vi-} y also Kinjia, dim.
of nj'fa, little path, track, &c. (Cf.
/"*)
Kijiboio, n. (vi-*), dim. of kiboko
(boko being seldom heard in Z.), a
small hippopotamus.
Kijicho, n. (-), dim. of jicho,
(i ) a sly (sidelong, envious, malignant,
evil) glance; (a) envy, malice, ill
will. Fanya k. t be envious, be
jealous. Yuna k. rohoni, he feels
envious, he is jealous, ffana k. nawe,
he bears you no malice. War
ivana vijicho sana, their eye
with envy and hate. (Cf. uwivu,
hasidi, roho, tamaa!)
Kijichwa, n. (rr-), dim. otkich-wa,
a small head.
Kijiguu, n. (), dim. of mgutt,
a small foot. (Dist. kiguu.~)
Kijiji, n. (w-), dim. of mji, a
small town, village, hamlet. (Cf.
syn. kitongoji.}
Kijike, n. (w-), a young female,
human or other. (Cf. -ke, nd/filr.)
Kijiko, n. (f/-), dim. ct
(i) a small spoon ; (a) a small stove,
or fire-place. (Cf./ito.)
Kijineno, n. (i-), :
pccoh, child's prattle.
*Kijiri, n. (vi-\ also Chiclnri. a
bribe, } \. (?Ar. Cf.
and syn. mlttngula,
Kijiti. n. :-/'-\ dim. <>1
small tree, bush, shrub, smn
piece of wood, peg, stick. . (Cf.
/, a seat.)
, dim. <>
small river, brook, stream, rirulet.
L a
KIJITU
148
KIKAPO
(Cf. rnto, jito, juto, and dist. kito, a
jewel.)
Kijitu, n. (z;z-), dim. of //, a
little man. Also in contempt, man
nikin, or in disgust, e.g. Ewe kijiU
kiovu, Oh you wicked wretch. (Cf
mfu,fffu, and dist. kitu, a thing.)
Kijivi, n. (vi-}, n. and adv., i
thievish person, thief, brigand; and
in a thievish (sneaking, underhand
way. (Cf. mwivi, iba, and/z'z>z.)
Kijiwe, n. and adv. (vi-}, dim. o
jiwe, a small stone, like a stone.
Kijogoo, n. (vi-}, dim. of jogoo
(O a small cock, a bantam cock;
(2) a kind of shell-fish (Str.).
Kijoli, n. (vi-}, set of slaves be-
longing to one master, establishment,
domestic staff, domestics as a body.
(Cf. mjoli, njoli, and mtumwa.}
Kijombo, n. (vi-}, dim. of chombo,
a small sailing ship, a small vessel.
(For ki-ji-ombo, chombo being for k'i-
ombo.}
Kijongo, n. (z/z-), a hump-backed
person, &c., like kigongo. (For
ki-ji-ongo. Cf. jongo, mgongo, ki-
gongo, kibiongo^)
Kijoyo, n. (vi-}, dim. Ifaekimoyo,
small heart, slight inclination, han-
kering. (For ki-ji-oyo, kimoyo. Cf.
moyo with plur. mioyo, and nyoyo,
indicating a form uoyo for moyo.)
Kijukuu, n. (vi-}, great-grand-
child, dim. of mjukuu, which see.
Kijumba, n. (vi-}, a small house,
dim. of jumba. (For ki-ji-umba.
Cf. jumba, nyutnba,- chumba, i. e. >^?-
umba, kinyumba?)
Kijumbe, n. (z>z-), a special or
secret messenger, a go-between, a
matchmaker. (Cf. mjumbe,jumbe,
-e being a passive termination. Cf.
m turned)
Kijungu, n. (vi-}, a small cooking
pot. (For ki-ji-ungu. Ci.jungu,
chungu, &c.)
Kijusi, n. (z/z-), an act (case, in-
stance, &c.) of defilement, a particular
(legal, ceremonial, physical) impurity.
(Cf. -jusi, ujusi.)
Kijuto, n. (z/z-), for usual kijito,
dim. of tnfo, a small river. (For ki-
ji-uto. Cf. kijoyo, for kimoyo?)
Kijuujuu, n. and adv. See Juu.
Kijuvi, n. (z/z-), an impertinent
child, a bit of impertinence, a saucy
remark. (Cf. -juvi,u/uvi,jua,\.)
Kikaango, n. (vi-}, small frying-
pan. (Cf. kaanga, kaango.}
Kikaka,n. and adv. (w-), (i) dim.
of kaka, a bit of rind or peel ; (2)
hastiness, bustle, hurry, in a hurry.
Mbonajvafanya k. .? Why are you in
such a hurry ? (Cf. kaka)
Kikalasha, n. (z/z-),dim. oikalasha,
small tusk of ivory. (Ct.pembe, bori.}
Kikale, n. and adv., old style, an-
tique fashion, an antiquated thing, out
of date, of the past, -a kikale, old-
fashioned. (Cf. kale, and contr.
kisasa, up to date.)
Kikambo, n. the relation of step-
parent and child, e. g. babayakikambo,
step-father. (Cf. kambo.}
Kikao, n. (vi-}, act (place, time,
ityle, form) of sitting, dwelling, &c.
See Kaa. Hence various meanings,
e.g. (i) sitting, seat, dwelling-place,
labitat (cf. makao, makazi, masikani}\
(2) stay, duration of residence, season
of residence; (3) posture, position,
office,d igni ty (cf. mahali, cheo,darajd) ;
(4) style of living, social standing,
place in society, conduct (cf. maisha,
mwenendo} ; (5) society, club, mess,
set (cf. chama, jamad}, e. g. k. chake
Unguja, he lives in Zanzibar. K. cha
mizinga, the place where cannon are
kept, battery. Katika k. chao wali-
hokaa, in their company, at their
meeting. Sipendi k. chake, I do not
ike the way he goes on. (Cf. kaa,
and syn. as above.)
Kikapo, n. (vi-}, a wide-mouthed
lexible basket of plaited leaf-strips or
^rass, with two small handles, used
or all purposes in Z., made mostly
}y Sheheri Arabs. (Other kinds
re kapo, kanda, jamanda, tiinga,
3ohani,pakacha, ungo,kiteo, kunguto,
ifumbu, and cf. mfuko.}
KIKARIRI
149
KIKOKO
*Kikariri, n. and adv., repetition,
repeated action, saying over and over
again, repeatedly. (Cf. kariri, and
for adv. marra kwa marra, inarra
: na tena.}
' -Kikasiki, n. (OT-), dim. of kasiki,
small pitcher.
Kikawe, n. (vi-}> a very tiny stone.
(Cf. kijiwe,jiwe, kawe, mbwe.}
Kikaza, n. (w-), a thing which
tightens, strengthens, holds together,
but esp. of a board, pole, or beam
over a window or doorway. . (Cf.
JL'aza, kazo.}
Kike, n. and adv. (seldom vikt in
plur., for usual -a kike, or vijike), a
female of any kind, anything of femi-
nine style, womanly behaviour (usu-
ally meaning weakness, timidity, fool-
ishness), like a woman, in a feminine
way, e. g. ivatoto iva k,, girls. Mtu
wa k. t a womanish, weak, unmanly
person. Fanya k., act like a woman.
Saitli ya k., a shrill, treble voice.
a. from -/<?, agreeing with D 3 (S),
e.g. kijana kike, a young woman.
(Cf. ~ke, jike, kuke, uke, kijike, and
contr. -unit, kiume.}
Kikebe, n. (w-), dim. of mkebe,
small pot, mug, canister.
Kikeukeu, n. convulsive sobbing,
hiccup. (Cf. kekevn t and I :.
Kikingo, n. (r/-), something to
parry or defend oneself with, means
of warding off, screen, defence, fender.
(Cf. kinga, ukingo.}
Kikisa, v. speak in a hesitating,
!, broken way, be unintelli-
gible or half -understood, puzzle,
mystify. Stma kwa kukiJHsa, talk in
i in way. Maneno
yak( yamcmkiki sa, he cannot
:ds clearly. Jambo
>s is difficult, hard
at (Cf.kigugumhi,gugU'
- . fofa, goteta.)
tobacco pipe of
the so:
the ki c. a cocoanut shell
partly filled with water, and two
tubes of wood or reed (dig*:.
tati),one leading from the bowl (bori)
holding tobacco (tumbakd] into the
water, the other (shilamtt) from the
kiko to the mouthpiece through which
the smoke is drawn. The bubbling
of the water is^called tnalio ya kiko.
Other simpler pipes consist of a hollow
reed and earthenware bowl only, e. g.
tosa.
Kiko, verb-form, (it) is there,
agreeing with D 3 (S), the pfx. ki
and locative -ko, which see.
Kikoa, n. (?'-), (i) a meal eaten
in common, provided by each of those
who join in it by turns, a common
table, a mess, boarding together.
Kula k. t to have meals in common,
also kula chakula cha shitika, as is
done when food is scarce, weather
unseasonable, &c. Watu tvala kikoa
majira ya rnasika, people mess to-
gether during the rainy season. Leo
k. changu y it is my turn to ;
the meal to-day. Nikila k., ntalipa
nini mkata mno ? If I join the mess,
how shall I pay when I have not a
penny ? (Contr. kula bia, where each
person provides a share at each meal.
(2) dim. of koa, small flat ring or
band of metal, used of the orna-
mentation of scabbards, also of anklets
nnd bracelets. (Cf. koa, ukoa, and
pcfe, kikukit.}
Kikofl, n. (7-1-), the inside of the
hand, what would lie on the upturned
hand, a handful. (Cf. koji, ukofi,
also chopa, konsi.)
Kikohoei, n. (vi~), a cough, lit of
coughing, also of consm
(Cf. kokoa, ukohozi, kohoo.)
Kikoi, n. (-), white cnli
coloured boi 'ton silk or
both, used for loincloths i:
umlcr many nnmr>.
'>ordered shirtings, it.
ka, n. (/-) blade or il
ft grass used as for Ukoka,
Kikoko. r
wkoko, and nkoko (which see), a bit
so of a scab,
or scurf. (Cf. kigaga.)
KIKOMBA
150
KIKUKU
Kikomba, n. (i) njaaya kikomba,
or ya kukomba, ravenous hunger,
that, makes a man scrape up and
sweep off everything (cf. komba).
Also kikomba cha njaa, i. e. makazo
ya njaa, intense hunger. (2) Dim.
of komba, a small galago.
Kikombe, n. (z>z-), dim. oikombe,
a small dish, used commonly of a
cup or basin, or mug of any material,
k. cha chai, tea-cup. K. cha bilauri,
tumbler, wine-glass, also k. cha nuru,
i. e. transparent, bright, polished.
K. chafetha, silver goblet. (Cf.
komba, kombe, i. e. a vessel scraped
or hollowed out, -e being a passive
termination, also kopo, kikopo, and
for such vessels generally chombo.)
Kikombo, n. and adv., a small
crooked, hook-shaped, or curved
thing, e. g. a small curved gouge-
shaped tool ; also, a small bend,
curve, irregularity, deflection, defect,
fault, flaw. As adv., in a crooked,
irregular way. (Cf. komba, v.,
kornbe, ukombo, and syn. pindo,
mzingo, tao.}
Kikomo, n. (vi-\ (i) stop, stop
ping, stoppage, place or time of
stopping, cessation, end ; (2) k. cha
uso, forehead, brow, i. e. uso ulipo-
koma, pasipomea nyele, mbele ya uso,
juu ya macho, where the face ends,
the hairless part in front over the
eyes. (Cf. koma, ukomo, &c., and
syn. mwisho, kiisimama^}
Kikondoo, n. and adv. (i) a small
sheep, lamb; (2) like a sheep, un-
resistingly, meekly, calmly. Kufa
kikondoo ndiko kufa kiungwana, to
die like a sheep is to die like a hero.
(Cf. kondoo.}
Kikongwe, n. (w-), a person benl
and bowed with age, a very old per
son, esp. (like kizee) an old woman
Sometimes used, as intensive and
descriptive , with kizee . (C f. konga
kongwe, kongwa, and kibiongo^)
Kikono, n. (vi-\ dim. of mkono
(i) small arm or hand, short or defec
live arm, stump of the arm, e.g. ana k.
he has lost a hand (arm) (cf. kiguu) ;
2) anything resembling a small
land, e.g. projecting prow of a ves-
el, guard of a sword-handle, small
talk or tendril of plants and flowers,
entacle or feeler of fish or insect.'
Kikonyo, n. (vi-), like kikono,
e. g. of a stalk, vikonyo vya garafuu,
clove- stalks.
Kikope, n. (m-\ eyelid. (Cf.
ikope, hope, kopesa.}
Kikopo, n. (ztf-), dim. of kopo,
small vessel, pot, jug, mug, esp. of
metal. Used of spouts for carrying
off water from a roof, &c.
Kikorombwe, n. (z/z-), signal cry,
call, made by blowing into the
hand or through the fingers.
Kikosi, n. (z/z-), (i) the back of
the neck, nape, i. e. nyumaya shingo,
below the kishogo, nape, and kogo,
back of the head; (2) also kikozi,
company, band, troop, esp. of sol-
diers or armed men. (Cf. ukosi.}
Kikotama, n. (*'-), dim. of ko-
tama, small curved knife, garden- or
pruning-knife. (Cf. shembea, and
for knives generally kisu.}
Kikoto, n. (vi-\ and Chikoto,
(1) a whip of plaited grass, leaf-
strips, or bark fibre, used by school-
masters, overseers, &c. (cf. mjeledi}\
(2) plait of hair. Piga (songa) vi-
koto, plait.
Kikozi, n. (vi-\ and Kikosi,
company, band, troop, esp. of sol-
diers or armed men. (Ci.jeshi!)
Kikuba, n. (*'-) (0 see Kiguba ;
(2) dim. of kuba, small vault, dome,
cupola, arched roof. Also as adv.,
like a dome, &c.
Kikucha, n. (vi-}, also Kikuchya,
Kikuchia, dim. of ukucha, a bit of
the nail, a little projection of the
nail, nail-paring.
Kikuku, n.(W-), (i)ring, usually
of metal, worn on arm or wrist, arm-
let, bracelet. Also used of an ank-
let of same kind. K. cha kupandia
frasi, a stirrup. K. cha pingu, a
handcuff. (Cf. furungu t banagiri,
KIKTJKUU
151
KILEO
ktkce, and urcmbo!) (2) Dim. of
small fowl, chicken, ban tarn.
Kikukuu, n. and adv., a thing
old, worn out, past work, use-
less, -a kikukuu, worn out. See
-Kukuu.
Kikulia, n. (*-), a thing or person
that "has grown up at a place, not
born at a place, which is kizalia.
(From ki and Ap. form of kua,
kulia, C f. ki me/ea.)
Kikumbatio, n. (#*-), embrace.
(Cf. kumbatia, and syn. ambiso.}
Kikumbo, n. (vi-\ thrust, shove,
jostling. Piga k. y thrust away, shove
aside, push by, nudge with the elbow.
Pigana vikumbo, of rough hustling.
horseplay. (Cf. kumba, and songa.)
Kikimdi, n. (OT-), dim. of kundi,
small company, group, knot, herd.
(Cf. kikosi.)
Kikundu, n. (vi-}> rump, dim. of
mkttndu.
Kikungu, n. (*-) di m - of niku-
ngn t small earthenware cooking pot,
also the lid of such a pot. (Cf.
chombo, chungu.}
Kikuta, n. (wi-), dim. of ukuta,
small stone wall, parapet, masonry,
parti 1
Kikuti, n. (vi-\ dim. of kuti, the
tip of a cocoanut leaf, i. e. ncha ya
kuti. See Kuti. (2) Chance, hap,
luck, an incident, event, accident, oc-
currence. Kikuti chcma, a happy
chance. (Cf. kuta, v., and syn. tu-
kio, nasibu, bahati.}
Kikwapa, n. (*-), (i) armpit.
Also various things connected with,
or resembling the armpit ; (a) the
smell of the armpit ; (3) the per-
;i of the armpit ; (4) the gore
dress (sansu) under the
nee kisibau cha
>leeveless,
at the armpit. Kikwapa cha tanga,
part of a sail.
Kikwata, n. and adv. (vi-
ol kwata, small hoof, damaged or
maimed hoof. As adv. colloquially
' on foot.' Enda k., go on foot. Sa-
fari k., a journey on foot, i. e. kwa
tniguu.
Balalo, n. (z/z'-), (i) camping- or
sleeping-place on a journey (cf. kituo,
kambi) ; (2) a sleeping-shelter, e. g.
a few sticks resting on forked up-
rights, and carrying some grass as a
covering. (Cf. /a/a, ufalo.}
Kilango, n. (#*'-), dim. of m-
lango, a small door, narrow entrance,
small opening, pass, strait. A', cha
bahari, a strait. K. cha jaha, the
strait gate of Paradise.
Kile, a. dem. that, agreeing with
D 3 (S). (Also Imperat. form of
-la, e. g. kitoto kile ktkik kile kileji,
let that little child eat that cake.)
Kileji, n. (f*-), a round flat
wheaten cake (Str.).
Kilele, n. (i-), top, point, peak,
pointed end, pinnacle, e.g. k. cha
mlima, the top of the mountain.
Also of plants and trees, k. cha
ninazi kikachanua, the shoot of the
cocoanut blossomed. (Dist keUlf.)
Kilema, n. (vi-\ (i) a deformity,
defect, blemish ; (2) a deformed or
disfigured person. Si vema kttchcka
k. , it is not well to mock at deformity.
K. wa jicho, a one-eyed man, i. c.
chongo. (Cf. kiwetc, kiziwi, ki-
po/u, kibiongo, &c.)
Kilemba, n. (01*-), (i) a cloth
worn as a wrapper round the head,
a turban, the style of folding mid
wearing being according to the rank,
, &c. of the wearer, often of
silk, and costly. /V^z *., wear a
turban. (2) fig. gratuity at the end
of a job, apprenticeship, co->
teaching. &c. (cf. ada, bakshishi,
ufito). (3) Crest, e. g. k. cha iogoo,
cock's comb. (Cf. shuitgi, ki-
J//.VM.CI. I
nbwe, n. (vi-\ great-great-
grandchild. (Cf. kiningiu.:.
Kiloo, n. (w-), (i) itmte or case
ication, stagger
&c. ; (2) air.
narcotic, e.g. pombc t mvinyo, tembo,
KILETE
152
KIMA
bangi, kasumba, &c. K. kimempata,
he is under the influence of liquor.
(Cf. iilevi, levy a.}
Kilete, n. (vi~\ (i) metal row-
lock, crutch, for an oar (cf. ki-
shward) ; (2) stick used for twisting
in native ropemaking. (Cf. kisongo.)
Kilicho, verb-form, which is,
agreeing with D 3 (S), i.e. pfx. ki-,
li, is, and relative cho, agreeing with
same.
Kilifu, n. (vi-\ also sometimes
Kidifu, and Ndifu, the cloth-like
envelope of fibre binding the young
leaves of the cocoanut round the
growing stem. (Cf. mnazi, and
madifu?)
Kilili, n. (vi-}, dim. of ulili, a
small bedstead. (Cf. kitanda.}
Kilima, n. (vi-\ dim. of mlima,
hill, eminence, rising ground, mound,
ascent. Also name of a kind of evil
spirit.
Kilimi, n. (w-), dim. of ulimi,
(i) a little tongue; (2) bad or
abusive style of speaking, -ki being
here depreciative as in kidomo. Ana
k., he uses abusive language. (Cf.
mlimi, mwambi.}
Kilimia, n. the Pleiades (con-
stellation). K. ikizama kwajua hu-
zttka kwa mvua, if the Pleiades set in
fine weather, they rise in rain. (For
stars cf. nyota, sayari.}
Kilimo, n. (vi-'}, (i) hoeing, and
so the care of a plantation generally,
i. e. cultivation, agriculture ; (2) pro-
ducts of cultivation, produce, crop.
Mwaka huu watu wameongokewa na
kilimo, this year people have suc-
ceeded well in their cultivation.
Vilimo mnasongana, the crops are
too crowded, are planted too close.
(Cf. lima, mlima, mkulima, &c.)
Kilinda, n. (#&-)> verbal noun of
linda, guard, protector, governing a
noun follg., e. g. kilinda chozi, the
tear-guard, i. e. the pendulous end of
a cluster of banana fruits, with a
pearly drop of moisture at the tip.
(Cf. linda, mlinzi, and kilindo.}
Kilindl, n. (vi-\ a place of deep
water, a deep channel, a deep. (Cf.
lindi.}
Kilindo, n. (vt-), (i) act (process,
means, &c.) of guarding, protection,
[uard, charge, care. Tu katika
. cha Muungu, we are in God's
keeping. (2) A watchman's platform
in a plantation ; (3) a shelter (from
rain, sun, &c.). (Cf. linda, mlinzi,
Undo, and Ar. syn. hamaya.}
Kilinge, n. (vi-\ mystery, puzzle,
trick. Maneno ya k., dark, unintel-
ligible utterances, i. e. maneno ya
f umbo, orya mifano. K. cha tnganga,
hocus pocus.
Kilingo, n. (vi-\ (i) a notch cut
as a mark, a blaze on trees to show
the way ; (2) (? for kilindd] a watch-
man's platform, a shelter ; (3) a car-
penter's shed for shaping timber, logs,
&c. (Cf. linga, ulingo.}
Kilio, n. (-), (i) sounding, a
sound, crying, weeping, mourning,
a cry, scream, shout, dirge ; (a)
a subject for mourning, a sad thing.
Also dim. in contrast with mlio, Ho,
i. e. kilio kidogo. Nyamazisha k.,
put a stop to mourning. Tia k.,
cause lamentation. Amepekka k.
matangani, he has contributed a wail
to the mourning.
*Killa, a. also Kulla, every (as a
rule with a singular noun only, and
unlike all other adjs. in Swahili with
its noun following it). K. mtu,
every one. K. siku, daily, day by
day. K. aendako, wherever he goes.
K. atakapo, whenever he likes. Occa-
sionally with Plur. k. watu wakaenda
zao, all the people went away.
*Kiluthu, n. velvet.
Kima, n. a kind of monkey.
(For other kinds cf. nyani, tumbili,
mbega, ndegele^)
*Kima, n. (vi-\ (i) price, value,
e.g. .kima chake kadiri gani . ? How
much is it? and cf. kern. (2) Mea-
sure, stature, height, and cf. kimo.
(Ar. Cf. (i) kimo, kadiri, kiasi,
thamani ; (2) kipimo,urefu,
KIMACHO
153
KIMBUNGA
Kimacho, adv. wide awake, in
a wakeful condition, on the watch.
La/a (kaa) ., lie (remain) awake.
(Cl.jifko, macho, kesha.)
Kimaji, adv. and a., like water, wet,
damp, watery, swampy. Also -a ki-
maji. (C f. niaji, majimaji, ruttfba,}
Kimanda, n. (*'-) an omelette
(of eggs, &c.). (Cf. maandasi.}
Kiraandu, n. (-), a strip of
wood, fixed inside a native door-
frame at top and bottom, with holes
in which the pivots of the door- valves
turn.
Kimanga, n. and adv., something
Arabian, of the Arab kind. Hence
(i) the Arab language, (a) a particu-
lar kind of grain. Sema (jua) k.,
speak (know) Arabic. Jiwe la k.,
a hard stone used for sharpening
tools on or grinding corn, &c., a
whetstone, a grinding stone, also
jiwe la manga, and ki mango. (See
Manga, and cf. syn. JrftflMM.)
Kimashamba. n. and adv., some-
thing of a country kind, rustic vulgar
dialect, in a countryfied (nide, un-
polished) way. -a k. t couniryfied,
vulgar. (Cf. shamba.)
Kimbia, v. run, run away, make
haste, fly (from), escape (from).
i ye hawazi gi*a, wala haoni
jua, one who runs does not think of
the dm see the sunlight.
, the enemy fled.
Mtoto amtmkimbia simba, \
ran away from (escaped from) the
!e oneself away, be
. be out of view, e. g. mji
a village concealed from
I's. kinibiwa. \>c run from,
be escaped from. '<!, e. g.
t running (escape, &c.). Ap.
;, run to for, in, after, 8cc. t
as a rule, run away /row),
have re-
course to, fall back upon, go on an
mbuzi hao wo/a-
mama yao t these
:11 run off to find tin
Kimbilia roho, run for (to save) one's
life. Kimbilia pesa, run races for
money. So Ps. kimbiliu<a, be nm to
(for, after, &c.).be a refuge (asylum,
resource), and Nt. kimbilika. With
//', e. g. watu ivakajikimbilia, the
people took to their heels, of a
promiscuous, shameful flight, every
one for himself. Hence kimbil-iza,
-izwa, cause to run on, make go
fast, hurry, hasten, do in a hurry,
do rashly (precipitately, carelessly)
like endcleza, but more emphatic,
e. g. kimbiliza mancno, talk too fast,
talk recklessly (foolishly, at random,
without thinking). Kimbiliza jipn,
open an abscess too soon, treat it
prematurely. Kimbiliza itJongo, be
quick with the clay, before it D
dry and hard to use. Kimbiliza kazi,
hurry on the work. Cs. kimb-iza^
-tzwa, cause (encourage, allow, &c.)
to run, put to flight, allow to escape,
help in escaping, drive away, pursue.
Alikimbiza roho yoke, he saved his
life. Akimbiza mtoto asije /:.
he saves the child from being put
to death. Kimbiza punda, run in
front of a donkey, as a si a.
before his Arab master, when riding.
Hence kintbiz-ia, -iwa, e. g. amctti-
kimbizia ivat arnica wangn, he has
got all my slaves to run away from
Also kirn':
wakakimbizana kncntmia, the people
;^ed each other to \\
quickly. (Cf. mbio, on which kimb-
ia appears to be formed, rn-
'to.)
Kimbio, n. and adv., at a running
pace, with speed, at full speed,
<nbio. Sec Mbio,
and Kimbia.
Kimbiei, n. and adv.. similar to
Maji ya kimbizi, a swift
current. ^Cf. prec.)
Kimbunga. n. r-i-), typhoon,
hurricane, esp. the famous ai
ar on
April 15, is;^, often used as an
Kimlnmga
kikaan&tnha minasi na ni
KIMELEA
154
KINA
yote, the typhoon threw down all the
cocoanut trees and houses. (Cf.
thdruba, tufane, chamchela.'}
Kimelea, n. (#z'-)i a plant which
grows of itself, a self-sown plant, an
indigenous plant, a parasitic plant
(growing on to some other). Jamii
ya vimelea, the whole flora (indi-
genous plant-life) of a place. ' (Cf.
mea, mmea, also kikulia, kizatia.)
Kimeta, n. (-), also Kimete,
sparkling, sparkle, glitter, lustre,
shining. E.g. k. cha jua, sparkling
radiance of the sun. K. cha t upanga,
the glitter of a sword. Also in the
form kitneti, kimetimeti, kimerimeti,
of anything sparkling, spangle, tinsel,
and esp. of fire-flies, glow-worms.
(Cf. meta, and kimulimuli, kianga.}
Kimia, n. (vi-\ a circular casting
net of light fine twine. Also used
to describe 'netting, network, lace,
cambric,' &c., i.e. nguo ya kimia.
-a kimia, of network, -netted. (For
nets cf. zvavti,jarifa.}
Kimio, n. (vi-\ something in the
throat, and so (i) uvula; (2) a
throat affection, used to describe
quinsy, croup, abscess in the throat,
enlarged uvula or tonsils, &c., as
kifua, of chest affections generally.
(Cf. unrio, and roho, koo.}
*Kimo, n. (vi-}, (i) measure,
stature, height, depth ; (2) a measur-
ing rod, tape, foot rule. K. cha mlu,
a man's height. Aktipita k., he is
taller than you. Maji ya k., deep
water. K, cha mti, a piece of wood
to measure with. (Ar. Cf. kima,
of which kimo is a modified form.
Dist. kimo, as verb-form, it is in (with-
in, inside), pfx. ki agreeing with D 3
(S), and locative -mo, which see.)
Kimoyo, n. also Kimoyo-moyo,
something affecting the heart, e.g.
(i) heart ailment, heart disease; (2)
a feeling, esp. fear, indignation,
passion ; (3) term of endearment,
favourite, sweetheart (cf. kipenzi,
mchumbd). (Cf. moyo.}
Kimrima, n. the dialect QfMrima,
i.e. the dialect of Swahili spoken
on the coast adjacent to Z. (Cf.
Mrima!)
Kimulimuli, n. (vi-\ fire-fly,
glow-worm. (Cf. mulika, and ki-
meti.}
Kimwa, v. become wearied, get
cross, be disgusted, lose one's temper.
Kimwa kwa chakula (njia, kazi, &c.),
be put out by one's food (travelling,
work, &c.). (Cf. syn. more usual,
kinai, choka, sumbuka, chukiwa?)
Kimwitu, n. dim. of mwitu, small
forest, patch of forest, jungle. (Cf.
mwitu, kichaka^)
Kimwondo, n. (Z7-), a shooting
star, i.e. nyota ya kuanguka,^^-
posed to be fiery darts thrown by
spirits of the air (jini] (Str.).
Kimya, n. and adv. (i) silence,
stillness, absence of noise; (2) quiet-
ness, calm, reserve. As adv. silently,
without noise. K. kingi kina mshindo
mkuu, deep silence makes a loud
noise. Nyamaza k., hold one's tongue,
be perfectly silent. Salt k., pray in-
secret. Mtu wa kimyakimya, a very
quiet, reserved person. Akasikia k.,
and he heard no reply.
Kina, pfx. or n. used as pfx.
(see note below) which with the noun
following denotes a person or persons
of a certain class, connected with
another person by resemblance, de-
pendence, or other social relation, or
a person with others so connected
with him. It is often heard as akina
(see note), and in plur. form wakiha.
E. g. kina szsi, a kind of generalized
plural, ' such as we, people like us,
the lot of us, we.' Akina nahi huyu ?
Who is this? implying ' What arc his
connexions ? ' whether as master or '
dependent. Akina Abdallah may'
mean (i) Abdallah's following gene-
rally, his people or dependents, or
(2) Abdallah himself alone, or (3)
Abdallah with his retinue. So Akina
bwana anakuja, the master is coming.
Kina mwinyi mkuu, the chief and
his court. Kina is also used (with
KINA
155
KINGA
a noun) as a generalized mode of
address, as well as reference, a polite
substitute for direct mention of several
orone, e.g. akina bibi, the lady- folk,
us, my ladies, my lady. So
akina Inuana, a slave's address to his
master's son, akina baba, a master's
address half-playful to his slaves. It
may also be used with contemptuous
generality. Watnekwit-wa watu. wale
toakina Turi, those people were
known as Turi's lot. (Perh. general-
ized from Ar. gan, pi. agina, slave-
born, a slave, or connected with the
pfx. *.)
Kina, n. (vi-\ a rhyme, a terminal
assonance,* a similar final syllable.
na vina, to have rhymes, of
lines of poetry. 7'ia vina, make
, rhyming endings. Mashairi
, rhyming verses. (Cf.gurti,
for absence of rhyme, blank verse.)
Kina, n. kina cha bahari, a deep
place in the sea. Bahari ina k.
sana, the sea is very deep. (A'i/iudi,
:-,ual in Z.)
*Kinai, v. (i) be content, be self-
!, be independent, want no
sympathy or help, be self-sufficient,
be self-contained. Hence often (a)
in a bad sense, of conceited, offensive,
independent, or active dislike, i.e. he
disgusted, be surfeited, dislike, have
of food, amekinai,
be has had enough, he has had a full
or of a sick man) he has no
-, he revolts from food. Ji-
uitc satisfied or secure,
be boastful, vaunt oneself. Sullani
a nguvu, the Sultan
his pride of power. Cs.
kinaisha, satisfy, surfeit, glut, disgust,
nausea' Chakula h;
this food revolts me.
Alakukinaisha siku rnoja,
:i of him in one day.
. : ul>ora, to vaunt his
perfections. (A :
naya, and syn. si.
:, and for boasting,y/>//,
/ivuna.)
*-kinaifu, a. one who has enough,
does not desire or need anything, and
so (i) moderate, self-controlled, sober,
independent ; or (2) self-sufficient,
contemptuous, cold, supercilious, un-
sociable. (Cf. kinai t and kiasi,
upweke, baridi.}
Kinamasi, n. mucilage, slime,
slimy substance or fluid. Mafuta ya-
fanya k,, the oil is getting thick and
sticky. Also of a wet slippery soil
(cf. utopt).
Kinanda, n. (z>-), a stringed in-
strument of the kind commonest
in E. Africa, a kind of banjo or
guitar. Extended to include piano,
organ, and almost any similar Euro-
pean instrument of music. Piga k. ,
play the banjo. (Cf. ngoma for
other instruments.)
*Kinara, n. (vi-), dim. of ninara,
(i) small pillar, column ; (2) candle-
stick ; (3) small ornament in the
embroidery worked in silk on the
collar of a native dress (kanztt), i.e.
vinara vya shin go. (Ar. Cf.
mnara.)
*Kinaya,n. self-content, independ-
ence, selfish isolation, a superci-
lious air, insolence. Neno la >6;,
a contemptuous remark. (Cf.
kinai.)
Kinda, n. (nta-\ young one, esp.
of birds, a chick, but also of animals,
c. g. k. la frost, a foal, k. kibwa,
a young dog, cub, whelp,not of
man. Sometimes a., e.g. mnasi
mkinJa, a young cocoanut tree.
Kinda,- kindani, Kindano. See
Kinza, &c.
Kindu, n. (wa-), fruit of .the
:<, a kind of wi 1 .
See also Ukindu.
Kinena, n. (w-),' middle of the
body bt ;rons (nianctta).
King a, \\ is used of the effect of
what is interposed between t
jects, and which acts offemr
the one and defensively as to the
cc (i) act as screen
against, ward off, parr}', check, stop,
KINGAJA
156
KINI
interpose, get in the way of, intercept,
catch ; and (2) fig. contradict, op-
pose, obstruct. Also (3> act as
screen to, cover, be a defence to ;
(4] fig. help, assist, protect. Kinga,
jiwe hili litaangiika, guard (your-
self), or, ward it off, this stone is
going to fall. Nimekinga mwili
wangit kwa Jigao, I interposed my
body as a shield. Mtnmgu ameni-
kinga, God has protected me. Ki-
nga mvua (jua), keep off the rain
(sun). Ps. kingwa, (i) be screened
(warded) off; (2) be used as a
screen ; (3) be screened (protected).
Nt. kingika. Ap. king-ia, -iiva,
e. g. ngao ya kukingia selaha, a
shield to keep off weapons. Cs.
kingiza, usually protect, defend.
Kingiza na mvua, protect from rain.
Jikingiza, defend oneself. Rp.
kingana, (i) protect each other;
(2) oppose each other, with argu-
ment, force, &c. (Cf. follg.)
n, ( , and Vinga), something in-
terposed, and which has different
effects accordingly, e. g. (i) a check,
a stopper, a fender, a fence, a guard,
a screen, a shelter, and so either
(2) protection, defence, assistance
or (3) obstruction, difficulty, mis-
fortune, limitation. E. g. k. cha
moto, or k. only, a fireguard, i.e.
commonly a firebrand, brand used as
a guard, rather than ' a fender.' Cf.
kinga na kinga , ndipo moto uivakapo^
firebrands make the fire burn. K.
cha maji, or k. alone, a long blade o
grass or leaflet tied round the stem o
a tree to collect the rain trickling
down and direct it to a water jar
K. ya jicho, a blinker. Cf. kidoto
also kijamanda. (Cf. kingama
mkingiko, kinda, pinga, and efusha
bekua. For kinga = kunga, see
Kunga. )
Kingaja, n. (#*'-), armlet or brace
let of seeds, beads, &c. (Cf. kekee
kikuJxi, banagiri, and urembo.}
Kingalingali, n. on the back
face upwards. Lala k. t lie on th
iack. Angiika ., fall backwards.
Cf. kilanitani, kichali.}
Kingama, v. (i) be interposed,
ie across, be in the way, act as a
creen ; (2) obstruct, baffle, thwart.
Gogo limekingama njidni, a log
clocks the road. Njia ngine inaki-
tgama njia ya mbele, another path
:uts across the road leading straight
m. Ap. kingam-ia^ -iwa, e. g.
tyoka amenikingamia iijiani, a
nake stopped me on the road. Cs.
kingam-isha, -ishwa, -iza, -izwa,
ntens. frustrate, stop altogether,
)lock. Rp. kingamana, e. g.
'umekingamana mimi naye, he and
! had a (friendly or stormy) inter-
iew, we encountered each other,
ftence kingaman-isha, -ishwa, cause
o get in each other's way, make diffi-
culties among. (St. form of kinga,
i. e. be in an interposed position.
Cf. -ama, simama, tuatna, &c. Cf.
mkinganto?)
Kingio, Kingo. n. screen, hand-
screen, shade, lamp-cover. (Cf.
Hnga.}
Kingoe, n. (vt-}, dim. of ngoe,
a small hook. See Ngoe.
Kingojezi, n. (*-), similar to
kingojo,
Kingojo, n. (*-) act ( time >
place, &c.) of watching, watch,
guard, guard-station, post, sentry-go,
turn of watching. E. g. linda k.,
keep watch. Keti k.^ remain on
watch. (Cf. ngoja, kilindo, zamu.}
Kingozi, n. the old dialect of
Swahili, esp. as formerly spoken at
Melindo, Patta, and the northward
towns of the Zanzibar coast, now
only poetical and hardly intelligible.
Hence now used of * difficult, half-
understood speech.' Manenoyak.,
antiquated, meaningless terms.
Kingubwa, n. (vi-}, spotted
hyaena. (Cf.Jisz.)
*Kini, Kinika, v. be sure, be
certain, be ascertained, apparently
from Ar. yakini (which see), treated
mistakenly by Swahilis as a form
KINING'INA
157
KINYONGA
of a vt . '. g. yamkinika (or,
yamkini) Sultani kitsafiri kcsho, it
.in as to the Sultan that he
will set out to-morrow. (Ar. Cf.
yakini, and dist. yamkini.}
Kiuing'ina, n. (*-)> great-great-
grandchild. (Cf. kijuktm, ki-
. and nin^inia, rock, dandle.)
Kinjurinjuri, n. a particular way
of cutting the hair, leaving one long
tuft, i. e. kukata kinjurinjiiri (Str.).
Kinofu, n. ('-), a scrap of meat.
(Cf. mnofu.}
Kinono, n. (fi-), a fatted animal,
a falling. (Cf. iwna, -nono, and
Kiuoo, n. (z>i-), a whetstone, i. e.
jiwc la kunolea, a stone to sharpen
things with. . noa, noo, noleo,
and chtrthe, a grindstone.)
Kinu, n. (vt-}, a wooden mortar,
made of a hard block of wood hol-
lowed out in the centre, used for
pounding and cleaning grain, and
crushing and mixing vegetable food
generally. Also for extracting oil.
The wooden pestle is called mchc,
and the operation usually kutwanga.
See Mche, Twanga. It is t
to metal mortars, e. g. k. cha chutna,
mortar, and also is used of a
mill of any kind, e.g. k. cha tnosAi,
a steam mill, k. cha !.:
crushing mill, whether of oil seeds or
sugar-cane. K. cha tnkono, hand
mill. A', cha kusagia, grinding
(flour) mill.
ibi, n. (w-) and adv. (i) a
kind of harp, used in their dances by
c. Soudanese (or
il settled in Zanzibar.
lanese language; (3) in
;:dancse style, -a k:>.
the Soudanese \.
ndu, n. (OT-), cli:.
a little him
kitl tin.: > describe a rough,
lumpy surface, as of plaster, &c.
wa, n. (ri-), also Kiny wa and
i. the mouth (as organ of
k ') of man, animals, insect*,
&c. (of birds, usually mdomo). Also
' something to drink, a beverage,' but
this is usually kinwaji. A", nichuzi,
the hair on the under lip, the im-
perial, place where the imperial
grows, lit. gravy drinker. A
open mouth, with open mouth, open
mouthed. (Cf. nya, kinivaji, ka~
ttwa, and follg.)
Kinwaji, n. (vi-\ also Kinywaji,
and rarely Kinweo,Kinwewa, some-
thing to drink, a beverage, liquid for
drinking purposes.
Kinweleo, n. (#*'-), a pore (of the
skin). (Cf. nya, nyweleo.}
Kinytia, n. (w-), excretum (liquid
or solid), urine, excrement, dung,
filth. (Cf. nya, nyesi, kinyesi,
also tikojo, mavi.)
Kiuyago, n. (vi-), anything used
at an unyago (which see), but esp.
a dressed-up grotesque figure, mock-
ghost or scarecrow. C/i<
lit. play at unyago, play at ghosts,
dress up, of any kind of acting,
theatricals, farce. '
Kinyoma. n. (f/-), dim. of nyawa,
small animals. Vinyatna vya mwi-
tu wakaona Xr/w, the lesser wild
animals grew thirsty.
Kinyamkela, n. (*-)> (0 a ^ mt ^
i)t evil spirit, to be propitiated at
- ) of a
whirlwind, i.e. pepo za
(Cf. <-/.
Kinyefu, n. (vi~), and Kiuye-
nyefu, a tic! :;li"g scnsa-
Frora nyca, cf.
r<'.)
Kinyegele, n. (vt-), name of a
small animal, skunk (S
Kiuyerai, n. and a., something
good, pleasing, acceptable, h'ipya
kinycmi kingawa kidonda, a novelty
has its charms, even a new sore.
(Cf. Ar. ntema.)
Kinyeai, n. (fi-), excu
vaa. Also in plur. manytsi.
nya.}
onga, n. (fi'-) (i) hip-corn -
. &c.).
KINYONGE
158
KIOSHO
(2) Chamelion. (Perh. both from
nyonga, wriggle, twist.)
Kinyonge, n. and adv., from
-nyonge, state of wretchedness, ab-
ject destitution, degradation, &c.
Kinyongo, n. (z'z-), of a mental or
moral twist, (i) fancy, scruple, fad;
(2) ill-feeling, grudge, bitterness,
spite, resentment. Usifanye kazi
kwa L, do not work unwillingly,
as if against the grain.. Mpenzi
liana k., a lover has no scruples
(doubts, hesitation). Mwenyi k.,
a hypochondriac. (Cf. nyonga, ki-
nyonga, unyonga, also syn. mfundo,
kikombo, chuki, uchungu}
Kinyozi, n. .(vi-) t a barber, one
who shaves. (From nyoa.~)
Kinyuma, n. and adv. (also Ki-
nyume commonly), the back part,
the rear, behind, backwards, after
time, late, in a contrary way. Kwa
kinyume, backwards, to the rear.
Habariya L, later/subsequent news.
Kinyume changu, behind me. Kuja
k., to arrive late. Maneno ya k., a
kind of puzzle -language, the last
syllable of each word being made the
first. (Cf. nynma, and baada.}
Kinyumba, n. (m-\ an unmar-
ried woman, living with a man as
his wife. (Cf. nyuntba, mchumba,
suria, hawaa^)
Kinyumbu, n. (vi-\ dim. of
nyumbu, a small mule.
Kinyunya, n. (-), a little cake,
a bit of a cake, a sweetmeat. (Cf.
nyunyiza, sprinkle, and nyunyo^}
Kinywa, Kinywaji, Kinyweleo.
See Kinwa, Kinwaji, Kinweleo.
Kinza, v. object, contradict, deny,
oppose, rebel. Rp. kinzana, objectj
stand in the way, oppose, contradict,
Kinzana na mtu, dispute with a per-
son. (Not often heard. Cf. follg
and kinga, kingana, pingana.}
-kinzani, n. refractory, combative,
obstructive. (Cf. prec. and ukinzani.}
Kinzano, n. (ma-), objection, ob
struction, contradiction. (Cf. prec
and kinzana.}
Kioja, n. (#-), something that
astonishes or terrifies, an oddity, a
uriosity, a portent, a bugbear, a
monster. (Cf. kitisho, shani, ajabu,
a.)
Kiokozi, n. (OT-), act (means, way,
&c.) of recovering, and so, reward
or finding something lost or in
danger. Also of persons, one who
saves, rescuer, preserver. (From
okoa. Cf. mwokozi, uokozi.}
Kiolezo, n. (#*'-), a pattern,
sample. (Cf.oteza, and syn. namna.}
Kiongozi, n. (*'-)> act ( means >
way, &c.) of directing ; but usually,
uide on a road, director, leader of
a caravan. (Cf. mkuu iva genzi.}
Also, reward for such service, guide's
"ee. (From ongoa. Cf. mwongozi,
uongozi.}
Kiongwe, n. (/-), a kind of
donkey from the mainland, mostly
from the Unyamwezi country ; used for
carrying loads, i. e. ptmda kiongwe.
(Also as a., obstinate, refractory (Kr,).
Cf. mbishi.)
Kionja, verbal noun from onja,
governing another noun, ' that which
tastes.' K. mchuzi, the imperial, or
under lip, i. e. gravy taster, like
kinwa mchuzi. (Cf. on/a, and follg.)
Kionjo, n. (vi-}, a little taste,
a small sample, a trial. (Cf. onja.}
Kionyo, n. (OT-), secret warning,
hint, suggestion. (Cf. ona, onyo.)
Kioo, n. (w-)i a P iece of glass,
looking-glass, mirror. K. cheupe,
clear, white glass. K. cha kiwna,
transparent glass. K. cha kiitazamia
uso, a looking-glass. (Perh. conn,
with ona, i.e. kiono?)
Kiopoo, n. ('-), anything used'
for taking up, fishing up, as from
a well or pit, a pole, stick with
fork, hook, gaff. (From opoa.}
Kiosha, verbal noun from osha,
that which washes, e.g. k. mig'uu,
that which washes the feet, name of
a wedding fee for particular service.
(Cf. kifungua mtango.}
Kiosho, n. (*-), act (place, means,
KIOTA
159
KIPABA
&c.) of washing. (Cf. osha, and
josho.}
Kiota, n. (/-), also Kioto, sitting-
place of a bird, nest, roost, fowl's
laying place. (Cf. ota, oteo, moto.}
Kioteo, n. ('), ambuscade, am-
bush, lurking-place. (Cf. ota, oka.)
Kiowe, n. (OT-), shout, cry for
help. See Kiyowe.
Kioza, n. state of a putrid thing,
putridity, gangrene. Mttt httyu yuna
k. ndani, this man is rotten inside.
(From oza.)
Kipa, n. verbal of /a, act of giving,
that which gives, e. g. k. mkono,
a fee given at a wedding lor special
attendance (cf. kifungua m/ango,
kiosha migiiu). A", imara, that
which gives strength. (Cf. pa, kipaji,
va.)
Kipaa, n. (M-), dim. of faa, (i)
a small roof, roof a shed, &c. ;
(2) one of the sides of the four-sided
roof of a native hut, usually one of
the smaller slopes, overlapped by the
ones (mapaa}. K. cha mbele
(cha nyuma), the front (back) slope
of a roof; (3) also kipara, which see.
Kipaji, n. (w-) (i) a pr
tion, a present, donation, gift. A", cha
'. God. (From -pa t
, upaji, -paji?) (2) Part of the
forehead (//*), brow, eyebrow, e. g.
kunja vipaji vya uso, knit the brows,
frown. Also (3) a sweet-scented
cosmetic, applied to the brows, an
ornamental patch bf colour, a brow
ornament (cf. urembo}. (4) A small
projection on the side of the mt'ust
worked on the front of a native drew
(kanxti), also called kiguu
Kipaka, n. (OT-), dim. of paka,
a small cat, a poor cat, a kitten.
Kipakacha, n. (f-), dim. of
pakafha, a small kind of basket, of
plaited cocoanut . (For
Kipaku, n. (vi-] t small spot,
speck, patch. of colour or coloured
stuff, c. g. used of the mottled or
speckled colouring of animals and
birds, -a ., or k. alone, mottled,
speckled, e.g. kuku *., a speckled
fowl. Also kipdkupaku, in same
sense. (Cf. paku, and perh.-/o^a,
v., also waa, doa.)
Kipamba, n. (*-) dm 1 - from
pamba (cotton), a small bit (tuft,
plug, patch) of raw cotton (cotton
wool, lint), e. g. for medical applica-
tion.
Kipambo, n. (/-), an ornament,
ornamental work, a fitting, furniture
of a house. Nyumba hit haina X-.,
this house is unfurnished, e.g. of a
poor man's dwelling. (Cf. paniba,
v., pambo, also syn. kifaa, chotnbo,
urembo, uzuri.)
Kipande, n. (OT-), (i) a small bit,
piece, slip, part, of anything (cf.
fungu,schemu t kit ant bo, kidogo, kato}\
(a) an instrument, tool, utensil (cf.
chotnbo, kitu, samani). K. (ha
nyama, a scrap of meat. A", cha
m/u, a diminutive man, a mnnnikin
(contr. fande la mtit, fandikizi}.
Vipande vya kupimia, surveying
instruments. (3) Used esp. of a
light wooden rammer, used in harden-
ing a concrete floor or roof. (Cf.
pande, upande y tnpande, pandikizi ,
? all conn. with/aW*?, v. plant, the
constant common oca
Kipanga, n. (vi-\ (i) dim. of
upanga, a small sword ; (a) a large
prey.
Kipango, n. (w'-), dim. of pang?,
a small cave, den, hole, mouse-hole.
imo.)
Kipao, n. (vt-), act (means, way)
of mounting up. (Cf. faa, v.)
Kipapatiko, n. (M*-), little flap-
ping object, feathery wa\
(Cf./M/w.'
Kipara, n. (ri-)> and Kipoa, a
cleanshaved patch, a bald place on
// r<-rt kikoa
:fura (hfupe, a member
of a mess, if he does not pay, has
a bald patch, i. e. is a marked man.
(Cf. upaa^ ufara, and ?/oa, roof.)
KIPATO
160
KIPINDTTPINDTJ
Kipato, n. (w-)i dim - of
small metal gong, usually of brass,
with edges turned in, a metal tam-
bourine, or dish of similar shape.
Kipawa, n. (vi-), (i) dim. oipawa,
small ladle; (a) gift (but not so in Z.).
Kipele, n. (vi-), small pimple,
pustule, sore, breaking-out. Vipele,
skin eruption, erysipelas. (Cf.uJeU.)
Kipendi, n. (vi-), like kipenzi, a
beloved object, a favourite, darling.
(From penda^)
Kipendo, n (vi-), act (trait, mani-
festation, &c.) of affection, kindness,
love. (Cf. pendo, ^tpendo^
Kipengee, n. (vi-), (i) side-path,
by-way, way round, side-channel, out
of the straight or usual course; (2)
evasion, subterfuge, shift, indirect
means of obtaining an object. Ma-
neno yake haya vipengee, these state-
ments of his are evasive (shuffling, de-
ceitful). (Also ptnffte.)
Kipenu, n. (vi-), a shed or side-
room built against the side of a wall
or house outside, a lean-to, a cabin
in a ship. (Cf. upenu.}
Kipenyo, n. (vi-\ a hole through
which something is passed, a thing
which is passed through, e.g. the
peg of a top, axis of a globe, &c.
(Cf. penya?)
Kipeo, n. (vi-), (i) highest or
furthest point, apex, top, end, cul-
mination; (2) ideal, best example,
standard of excellence, chef-cCceuvre,
K. cha macho, furthest limit of vision ;
horizon. (Cf.pea, upeo, pevuka.)
Kipepeo, n. (vi-), (i) dim. o:
pepeo, a small fan : (2) a butterfly
(3) a kind of flat fish. (Cf. tipepo
pepea.)
Kipete, n. (vi-) t dim. of ptte r
small ring, ferrule, circlet.
Kipeto, n. (*-), bag (with flap o:
cover) , case, receptacle, cover, parcel
packet. K. cha barua, letter case
envelope. (Cf. peto, peta, pete, and
syn. bahasha^)
Kipi, n. (vi-) , or Kipia, cock's spur
i. e. kucha la (or mwiba wa) nyuma
katika kisigino cha jogoo, the spur
behind at the cock's heel.
Kipigi,. n. (vi-}, also Kipiki, a
ittle stick to beat with or throw.
Cf. piga, and follg.)
Kipigo, n. (vi-), stroke, blow, shot.
Tcmbo alianguka kwa kipigo cha fieri,
.he elephant fell by a lucky shot.
Kipila, n. (vi-), a curlew. (Also
called sululu.)
Kipilipili, n. and adv., like black
pepper-corns. Nyek za k., hair of
i short woolly kind, growing in small
tufts. (Cf. pilipili, and uele.)
Kipimo, n. (vi-), , thing for measur-
ing, a measure, a weight, amount mea-
sured. (Cf. pima, and for measures
mkono, shibiri, ivari, wakia, ratli,
pishi, frasila, kibaba, kisaga, &c.)
Kipinda, adv. Kufa kipinda, die
a natural death. (Cf. pinda, n.)
Kipindi, n. (vi-\ (i) a portion of
time, period, e.g. kitta k., k. chote, all
times, at all times, constantly, always.
K. cha athuuri\ noon. Kwa vipindi,
at times, periodically ; also, by fits
and starts, irregularly, -a vipindi,
periodical, regular, irregular, -a ki-
pindi, temporary. Also adv. kipindi,
for a time, for a short time. (Cf.
kitambo, kidogo, and kipande.) (2)
A fixed time, a regular hour (cf.
sad). Tangu assubuhi hattajionim
vipindi kumi na mbili, from morning
to evening there are twelve hours.
Vipindi vya kusali, the five regular
Mahommedan hours of prayer. (Cf.
sata.) (3) Fit, turn, attack, paroxysm
of sickness, anger or emotion gener-
ally. Homa ya vipindi, recurrent
(or, intermittent) fever. K. cha hasira,
a fit of anger. (Cf. pinda, v., turn,
and pindi, upindi, kitambo, saa.)
Kipindo, n. (vi-), a wrapper, esp.
a folding cloth for a corpse before
placing it in the shroud (saandd).
Also, a fold (in a garment), pocket,
purse, &c. (Cf. pinda, upindo, and
kipeto.'}
Kipindupindu, n. (pi-\ descrip-
tive of a violent seizure, convulsions,
KIPINGILI
161
KIPTJMBA
cholera, or other disease, from its
effect. (Cf. pinda, kipindi, and
ivabba!)
Kipingili, n. (:/-), ring marking
a knot or joint in a plant, e. g. in
sugar-cane. Also the part between
two knots or joints, e. g. part of the
leg between the knee and ankle, the
shin. (Cf. fingili.)
Kipingo. n. (f*-)> bar, pin, peg
(keeping something in place), barrier,
obstruction. (Ct.pittga, kipingwa,
and follg.)
Kipingu, n. (*'-), dim. of pingu,
.11 fetter.
Kipingwa, n.(z>*-),adoor-bar, bolt
nga, and syn. komco, kiwi.)
Kipini, n. (w-), (0 handle, haft,
holder, of tools, knife, sword, &c.
(cf. mpini, and for other handles
mkono, utambo)\ (2) small stud or
button-like ornament, worn on the
nose or ear. (Cf. kipuli, jasi, and
urembo.}
Kipipa, n. (i-) f dim. of pipa,
small barrel, small cask. Kipipa
(ha bamti, barrel of gunpowder.
Kipira, n. (:/-), dim. of mpira,
> ? (2) a carpenter's
ri^-plane, k. cha //;
iuia), and (3) a projecting
,'o, n. (w-), a passing by or
through, a way through, passage.
/i/a, v.)
Kipofu, n. and adv. (i) blindness,
a blind person, in a blind state or
way, blindly. Mtoto k. , haon i
yoke yamtpofuka, the child i
he does not see, his eyes are sightless.
K. wa macho, bereft of sight
Mtn /:/ this man is blind.
Also ( a) for kibofu, a bladder. (Cf.
-pofu,pofuka, an<l >ia.)
>kee, adv. by turns, b\
turns, e. g. thukiia (hvad) kipokee, of
a corpse to the
vc. (From/oAf/.)
Kipolepolo. n. (vi-) and adv. (i)
'y; (a) from -pole,
slow (calm, gentle) way.
Kipondo, n. (z 1 /-), dim. of fondc,
small pole, esp. of pole for punting,
propelling a canoe in shallow water.
>;/</#, mpondo, and follg.)
Kipondwe, n. (f-), food consist-
ing of something pounded or crushed,
a mash, e. g. of cleaned grain and
grated cocoanut mixed together in a
mortar (kintt) . (From ponda, with
pass, term in. -we.)
Kiponya, n. (vi~\ verbal oiponya,
something which preserves or cures,
a remedy. A', cha nj'aa, the remedy
of hunger, i.e. food.
Kipooza, n. (#/-), verbal of pooza y
paralysis, deadness, a paralysed per-
son, a withered, dried-up thing. Also
adv., in a withered (dead, helpless)
state. (Cf. mapooza.)
Kipopo, n. (*'-), dim. of fopo, a
small bat (the animal).
Kipopoo, n. (vi-), dim. of popoo,
a little ball, a round lump, e.g. of
tobacco, sweets, bonbons, &c,
Kipora, n. (^'-), dim. of fora, a
young cockerel.
Kipuku, Kipukupuku. adv. in
showers, in numbers, wholesale, like
leaves falling, e. g. of the effect of an
epidemic in killing people, i.e. niara-
thi ya kipuku \iikuuku\. }\\itit
wanakufa kipuku, people ar
like sheep. (Cf.pu&usa, and follg.)
Kipukuaa, n. (vi-), also Kipu-
kuba, (i) something shed
dropped, e.g. horns, but esp. of leaves
or fruit self-detached or early shed.
Also (a) dim. of pukusa, a small
present, esp. of congratulation. (Cf.
follg.)
Kipukuta, n. and a. A'
pukute, also kipukusa, a la
spedes of banana. See Ndisi, and
prec.
Kipuli, n. (ri-), a small trinket,
often crescent-shaped, worn
ear as a pendant, ear ornament. (Cf.
alsoyoji, shamili, kipini } puliki t and
'nto.)
K i pumba, n. ( I ) (ri-\ also Bumba,
dim. of pumba (bumbo), a small clod,
KIPTJMBU
162
lump (perh. same as kibumba,
which see) ; (2) n. and adv., a foolish
act, a fool, folly. Kuwa k., to be a
fool. Fanya k., to act as a fool.
(Cf. pumbaa, -pumbafu, upumbafu,
which are usual in Z.)
Kipumbu, n. (vi-), scrotum. (Cf.
pumba, piimbu?)
Kipumziko, n. (vi-}, act (place,
time, means, &c.) of taking rest,
resting-place, recreation time, refresh-
ment, relief. (From pumzika, pu-
muzi,pumu. Cf. baridi, mabtirudu^
Kipungu, n. name of a fish, and
also of a bird of prey.
Kipunguo, n. (vi-\ act (case,
means, &c.) of lessening, diminution,
defect, deficiency, short allowance.
Cf. -pungufu,
KIKUKIA
Kipupa, n. and adv., unseemly
haste, greediness, over-eagerness. K.
cha kula, and kula k. (or kwa k.),
voracious eating. (Cf. pupa.}
Kipupwe, n. the cold season, i.e.
June, July, and August (when the
barometer in Z. falls at nights to 75
or even 70), cold weather. See
Mwaka and Pembe.
Kipusa, n. (), same as kipu-
kusa, which see.
Kipwa, n. (m-} } rock, dry patch
(left by receding tide), a shallow
place. (C{.pwa,pwani,mapwaji.}
*Kirahi, n. also Ekerahi, Ikirahi,
being offended, disgust, aversion,
causing offence, provocation, insult
(Ar. Cf.kirihi.}
Kiraka, n. and adv., a piece, spot,
patch different from the rest or the
surroundings, colour in spots or
patches, e.g. nguo ya k., patched,
ragged clothes. Mapwaji ya k.,
patches left by receding tide. Kira-
karaka, anything variegated, mottled,
dappled, speckled, spotted, e.g. of
birds and animals. (Cf. raka, doa
kipaku.}
Kirembo, n. ("-), anything orna-
mental, esp. of personal adornment.
(Cf. nrembo, remba,
i, v. acknowledge, admit, ac-
cept, assent, state formally, confess
allow, aver, ratify. Often in legal
documents, e.g. nimekiri nimekubali
kwamba, I do hereby formally ac-
knowledge and agree that, &c. K.
makosa, confess offences. K. deni,
admit a debt. Ps. kiriwa. Nt.
kirika. Ap. kir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
kir-isha, -ishwa, e.g. obtain formal
consent, extract confession, allow
ratification, &c. Rp. kiriana.
(Ar. Cf. kubali, ithini, ungatna.)
*Kiriba, n. (vi-\ water-skin, i.e.
the skin of an animal made into a
bag, and used for carrying water.
(Ar., the ki belonging to the root, as
in kitabu.}
*Kirihi, v. (i) loathe, hate, abo-
minate, feel aversion (disgust, dislike,
&C 0; (2) give offence, provoke, in-
sult, disgust, treat disrespectfully, &c.
Ps. kirihiwa. Nt. kirihika. Cs.
kirih-isha^ishwa, e.g. offend, aggra-
vate, exasperate. (Ar. CLekerahi,
kirahi, makeruhu, and syn. chukia,
chukiza, kasirisha.)
Kirimba, n. (vi-\ cage (for bird
or animal). Also describes a meat-
safe. (Cf. kitundu, twidii, kizi-
mba?)
*Kirimu, v. also Kerimu, Kari-
mu, treat hospitably, entertain, feast,
give a present (to). Tiimkirimu
mgeni, let us entertain our guest.
Amemkirimu ngombe, he has made
him a present of an ox. ' Ps. kiri-
miwa. Nt. kirimika. Ap. ki-
nm-ia, -iwa, e.g. make a present to,
be generous to. Cs. kirim-isha.
-ishwa. (Ar. Cf. karatnu, kara-
ma, -kariniUidsQ karibisha.pokea^
Kiroboto, n. (vi-), flea. Formerly
used as a nickname for irregular
Arab soldiery at Z.
Kiroja, n. (zv-), same as kioja,
which see.
Kirukanjia, n. (w-), name of a
kind of mouse. (Cf. panya.)
Kirukia, n. (z/z-), name of a climb-
ing plant.
KIKTJNGU
163
KISHOQO
Kirungu, n. (t7-}> dim. of rungu !
. , a small club, knob-kerry.
*Kisa. n. :i-\ (i) story, account,
report, history, narrative; (a) state-
ment of case, reason alleged, cause,
explanation ; (3) affair, matter, busi-
ness, subject of report. E.g. nipe k.
chako, tell me your story, i.e. all
about yourself. Visa vingi, many
stories, a complicated business, end-
less difficulties. Hakumfanyiza k.
hatta kitnoja, he did nothing what-
ever to hurt him. (Ar. Cf. hadithi,
habari, neno.) Also (4) like kiini,
the innermost part, e.g. kisa cha koko,
the kernel inside a stone (of fruit).
Kisaga, n. (vi-}, a dry measure of
about a quart, equal to two kibaba
or half a fishi. Ximempimia ki-
saga cha mahindi, I have measured
uart of maize, (a) ? a weevil.
(Cf. saga.)
*Kisahani, n. (), dim. of sa-
hani, a Miiall dish, saucer. (Ar.
omboy chungu.)
Kisasa, n. and adv., a thing of the
present day, a modem fashion, what
is up to date. Vao la k. , fashionable
dress ; manenoya k. , current phraseo-
logy- (Cf. sasa, and contr. kikalc,
kale.)
*Kisaai,n. (7-/-), also Koaaai, ven-
geance, revenge, retaliation, requital,
sation for harmdone, damages.
Toa (lipa) ., suffer vcngean
(for harm done). Toza (lipiza, tvtaa)
k., take revenge on, retaliate upon,
compensation for. Twaa k.
nf^u, avenge a brother.
'Kiaetiri, n. (w-), and Kinitin.
: , screen, screening wall, para-
pet, pn; ing place,
place, closet. (Ar. Cf.setiri.stara,
, <///, ho, kiwambaza.)
adv. and Kiiaha, after-
reo\cr. in tine. See Kl-
'Kishada, n. (ri ), dim. of shada,
(i) tassel, bow, rosette; (a) a small
<>r bunch, e.g. of beads on
strings, bunch of flowers, or fruit,
nosegay, &c. ; (3) a tailless kite.
(Ar.)
Kishaufu.n. (w-), anything showy,
bit of finery, trinket, personal orna-
ment. (Cf. sAaua, kifambo, ki~
rftnbo.)
Kishenzi, n. and adv., anything of
a barbarous, rude, uncivilized kind,
esp. barbarous language, up-country
dialect, -a k., barbarous, uncivilized.
(Cf. -shtnzi, ushenzi, and contr. ki-
ungwana.)
Kishiku, n. (M-), stump of a tree,
log. (Cf. shiku, kisiki, kigogo.)
Kishimo, n. and adv. (#*'-), dim.
of shimo, a little pit, hole, under-
ground passage, sudden fall, precipice.
(Cf. gtnge, tundu, chimbo.)
Kishiua. n. name of a dance
(ngomd). Also dim. of shina.
Ki shin da, n. (vi-), verbal from
shinda (which see) in various senses,
(i) that which conquers, baffles, is
too much for another, e. g. watu
hawa ni vishinda waganga, these
people are a match for the medicine
men. (a) A residue, a remainder,
esp. of what is left in a vessel, dry or
liquid, a quantity less than half of
the content, e.g. kishinda cha maji
mtungini, of a water-jar less than
half full. Also a vague measure,
a suitable amount for pounding in
a mortar (/;>/), e.g. vishinda vi-
ngapi umetia ? How many measures
have you put in? A'inu tele ni ki-
(imoja, one measure makes
a full mortar, i.e. enough t..
at one time. (Cf. shir.
.'./ is the same word.)
Kishindo, n. and adv. (vi-), dim.
of s/u'ndo, shock, blow, outburst,
sadden noise, sound of steps (guns,
blows, &c.), an agitation, a sensation.
Habnri ina A., news always comes
with .1 kind ..fsh.. hinda,
. mshindo.)
Kiahogo, n. (n'-), nape
ack of the hcatl. .
karibit, ni kiskogoni mwako> death is
is close behind you. Akn~
M a
Kisinda, n. (-), and ? Kishinda,
Kizinda, hymen. Weka /'., preserve
/irginity. Tomoa k. t deprive of vir-
inity. (Cf. bikira.}
Kisirani, n. also Kisarani, Kasa-
rani, used of what is awkward, un-
pleasant, causing difficulty, &c., e.g.
i) mishap, unfortunate incident,
iitch, awkward meeting, &c. ; (2)
11-humour, awkward temper, grudg-
.ng, rancour, caprice, spite, &c. Piga
k., make a hitch, cause a difficulty.
Sina k. moyoni mwangu, I am quite
agreeable. (Cf. kifundo^ hitilafu y
Kisiwa, n. (vt-), an island. (Cf.
stwa, a large island.)
Kisombo, n. (w-), a dish of beans,
cassava, &c., beaten or mashed up
kipondwe, kibumbwi, mseto.}
into a thick soup or paste. (Cf
KISHOKA 164 KISUA
paye kishogo si mwenzio, he who Kisimi, n. (vi-), clitoris. (Cf.
turns his back on you is not your
friend. (Cf. kogo, kikosi.}
Kishoka, n. (z/*-), dim. of shoka,
a small axe.
Kishoroba, n. (vi-\ dim. of sho-
roba (which see).
*Kishubaka, n. (yi-\ dim. of shu-
baka, a small recess, niche, pigeon-
hole, loop-hole.
Kishungi, n. (z/z-),dim. oishungi,
(i) a small tuft of hair, crest of
feathers, plume ; (2) ends of a cloth,
lappet, fringes. (Cf. matamvua.}
Kishwara, n. (vi-\ a loop of rope,
used to hold an oar (like a rowlock)
in a boat, or to lift by. (Cf. ki-
tanzi, and shalaka.}
Kisi, v. (i) also Gisi, consider
critically, estimate, calculate, make
a guess, form an opinion on, guess.
K. maneno, weigh a statement. K,
mtama, set a value on (judge the
price of) millet (cf. fikiri, kadiri,
bahatisha, hesabu}. (2) As nautical
term, shift, make a change in. K.
mtanga, shift the sail over, tack, put
about. (Cf. pindua, bisha^} Seldom
in deriv. forms.
Kisibau, n. (-), a waistcoat,
worn open in front. Described as k
cha mikotw, i.e. sleeved; k. cha ki
kwapa, or cha kwapa, i. e. sleeveless,
the usual kind, k. cha vitana, i.e
lined; k. cha kufuta, i.e. in common
plain style. Made of all kinds o
materials and colours, and worn over
the kanzu.
Kisigino, n. (-), heel, elbow
further distinguished as k. cha mguu
and k. cha mkono. (Cf. kifundo
kiweko.)
Kisiki, n. (#*'-), log, stump, trunk
of fallen tree. (Cf. kishiku, gogo
shina.}
Kisikusiku, adv. and n., at night
in the dark. (Cf. usiku, siku.}
Kisima, n. (z-), well, water
hole, water-pit, place where wate
is drawn. (Perh. altered from Ar
kathima.}
Kisongo, n. (#*'-), act (mode,
means, &c.) of twisting, esp. an
instrument for twisting, whether
wood or metal, tourniquet, also
that used in rope-making, turned by
the kileti, and itself attached to the
rope. (Cf. songa.}
Kisonono, n. gonorrhoea,
various phases being distinguished as
k. cha mkojo (urine), k. cha usaha
(pus, matter), and k. cha damn
(blood). (Cf. sononeka.)
Kisozi, n. (#*'-)> name of a small
bird (Str.).
Kisu, n. (vi-\ a knife, of any sort,
often used with such verbs as toa, take
out, draw, tia, apply, ttoa, sharpen,
futika, stick in the girdle, put
up, and a. -kali, sharp, butu, blunt,
dull. IVewe kisu, sisi nyama, you
are the knife, we are the victims, i. e.
do what you will with us. K. cha
kukunja, a pocket-knife, a clasp-
knife. (Cf. j'tsu, kijisu, also ja-
mbia, shembea, kotama, kijembc.}
Kisua, n. (i) a kind of fine cloth,
used as a turban, a kind of kitambi,
also called bur a. Nimekwisha ku-
KISUGULU
165
KITANDA
jipamba kiva kisua na selaha. I have
arraying myself with a turban
apons. Also (2) to describe
a person well dressed, of striking
appearance, yeye ni kisita kutvako
ditniani, he is a fine figure, if there
is one in the world.
Kisugulu, n. (TO*-), mound, heap
of earth. (Seldom heard, ? a Yao
word for ant-hill.)
Kisuli, n. and adv., also Kizuli,
giddiness. See Kizuli.
Kisusi, n. (f/-)> one of the smaller
slopes of a thatched roof, running up
ge of the larger. (Cf.
paa, kipaa.)
Kisusuli, n. (i) a kind of kite
(cf. shada, buratangi, tiara) ; (a)
anything whirling about, and dazing
the eye, a whirling gust, a windmill.
(Perh. a redupl. form = kisulisuli,
and so cf. kisuli, sulika, masua.)
Kisutu, n. (*-), a large piece of
printed calico, forming a woman's
. Z. In commerce, ' scarves,' of
plain colour, red, blue, white, &c.
A'. cha Afombee, of Indian manu-
facture, k. cha Ulaya, of European.
(Cf. shift and nguo.)
Kitaa, n. 7-1-), dim. of m/aa, dis-
trict, r juartcr, parish. A*. cha imamu,
the district allotted to a Mahommedan
minister.
ibu, n. (i-), a book. (Ar.,
the ti being part of the root. Cf.
mkataba, katila, katabahu, and syn.
tit, chuo.)
Kitakataka, n. (/-). a particle of
dost, a speck of dirt, a very small
ft rid mg, worthless) thing, a mote.
.'alka, n. Cf. takasa,takatifu.
Kitakizo, n. end-piece, at head
and foot of a native bedstead (ki>
;ichsee).
Kitako. n. and adv. (i) pmrt of
the body between the buttocks (ma-
hc fork of the legs; (a) as adv.,
on the base, or 1< g. weka
' the barrel on its end.
wn, take a seat, in
y , the usual expression,
also (2) remain settled, settle,
reside. (Cf. tako )
Kitale, n. (vi-), a young cocoanut
in the second stage of development,
between a kidaka and a dafu. See
Nazi.
Kitalu, n. ('-), a stone fence,
walled enclosure, wall (of a yard,
court, &c.).
Kitambaa, n. (*-)> a piece of cloth
or calico, a strip or scrap of any kind
of textile fabric for any use, a small
cloth, e. g. napkin, towel, duster,
handkerchief, bandage, tablecloth,
often with a defining phrase, k.
cha meza (cha kufutia mikono^ cha
kupangusia, &c.). (Cf. kitantbi,
utamln, tambi, kitambo, tambo, tam-
ba<i, iitambaa, mtambo, tatnba, and
others, which however do not seem
referable to one root-meaning. See
Tamba.)
Kitambi, n. (vi-\ (i) a length or
piece of cloth, usually of the kind
used for head-wear, as a kind of
turban, defined as k. cha kilemba,
also worn round the waist, and as
a loincloth. (2) A", cha tambo, the
mesenteric membrane. (Cf. lollg.
and kitambaa.)
Ki tambo, n. and adv. (i) a piece,
a little often of time, a short
period, e.g. alikaa k. or nntda &,
he remained a short time. A*, kidogo,
after a little, soon, presently (cf.
kipancUt kidogo, and kit am baa). (2)
Also of stature, length, a certain
length or height, mtu wa k. t a man
of some height, a tall man. (Cf.
tambo, pande^)
Kitana, n. (ri-), a small comb.
(Cf. /;' , shanuo.)
Kitanda, n. (t'<>), a wooden frame
; on, esp. a
native bedstead, i.e. a frame con-
f two side-pieces (tnfttmbali),
two end-pieces (kitakino], res
ndtgn, w<i-), at
cord of cocoanut fibre or
grass-strips interlaced acron it. UK
head is called mfhago, the space
KITANDIKO
160
KITEMBWE
underneath (2 ft. to 3 ft. from the
ground) mvungu. Usually a mat
only (mkeka) is spread on it, some-
times a mattress (godoro] and pillows
(into). Kitanda cha nifumi y a wea-
ver's frame, a loom, parts and instru-
ments of which are mdoshi, faraka
or mfariki, marufaa, kashabu, mladi.
(Cf. tanda, tandika, and for other
kinds of bedstead, nlili, samadari.}
Kitandiko, n. (zrc-), a spreading,
a thing spread, a mantle, anything
worn as a covering. (Cf. tanda,
kitanda, tandiko.}
Kitanga, n. (*-), (i) a small piece
of matting, usually circular, used as
a praying mat (cf. msald), to lay out
food on, or goods for sale. Muungu
hufufua nyama kitangani, God saves
even animals at the place of slaughter.
(2) The palm of the hand, k. cha
mkono. (3) The scale or pan of a
balance, k. cha mizani. (4) A kind
of dance, k. cha pepo (cf. ngoma).
(Cf. tanga, n. and v.)
Kitango, n. (f*-), (i) gadding
about, idling, loitering (c.L tanga, \.},
e. g. hana ki tango, he is no idler, he
sticks to his work, he is steady. (2)
Dim. of tango, a kind of small cucum-
ber. (3) A bit of string, lace, shoe-
lace, tuft on a mattress, used for fas-
tening things up or together. (? Cf.
ckanga, mchango.)
Kitanguo, n. (vt-\ act (means,
way, &c.) of abolishing, doing away,
bringing to nothing. (Cf. tangua,
mtanguo.}
*Kitani, n. flax, string, linen.
(Ar. See Katani.) .
Kitanitani , adv. on the back , back -
wards, of position. (Cf. tanua,
stretch out, spread out, and kichali.}
Kitanzi, n. (vi-\ dim. of tanzi,
small loop, noose, halter, snare, gin,
e.g. loop for a button, snare for ani-
mals or birds. (Cf. tanzi.}
Kitao, n. (vi-\ dim. of tao (which
see), a small curved (arched, bent)
thing. K. cha pingu, the ring of
fetters.
Kitapo, n. shivering, shaking,
trembling, quivering, from cold,
fear, illness, &c., e. g. the cold stage
of fever, kitafo cha homa. (Cf.
tapa, e. g. m-wili wanitapa, my body
shakes.)
Kitara, n. (#/-), a curved sword,
scimitar. (Cf. upanga, sime,jatnbia.}
(?Hind.)
Kitasa, n. (*'-), (i) a box-, door-,
or cupboard-lock (cf. kufuli, a pad-
lock), a buckle, fastening of a belt ;
(2) dim. of tasa, small metal pot.
Batata, n. (vi-\ (i) tangle, com-
plication, mess (cf. tatd) ; (2) a splint
(for bandaging a broken limb, &c.).
(Cf. kigango.}
Kitatange, n. a bright-coloured
sea fish with spines, a sea porcupine
(Str.).
Kitawa, n. and adv., devout life
(act or character), in a religious way.
Nguo za k., dress of a devotee, habit
of a monk, &c. Fanya k., act as a
devotee. Kaa k., lead a secluded
life. (Cf. tawa, utawa^)
Kitawi, n. dim. of tawi, a small
branch, twig, cutting, bunch or cluster
of fruit on a stem ; (2) a kind of
weed ; (3) a tool used in weaving.
Kitaya, n. jaw (cf. toy a). Hatamu
yatiwa kitayani,\hz bridle is attached
to the jaw.
Kite, n. (i) a cry of pain, a moan,
a groan. Piga kite, give a groan.
(a) Trust, liking, affection. Hana
kite naye, he has no liking for him,
he does not trust him.
Kitefutefu, n. also Kitetefu,
sobbing, as before or after crying.
(Cf. kikeukeu^
Kiteku,n. an iron tool, for break-
ing up floors, digging up stones, &c.,
a pickaxe. (Cf. tektia.}
Kitembe, n. and adv., a defect in
speech, a lisp, thick utterance. Piga
(semd) kitembe, speak with a lisp, in
a thick indistinct way, as if there
was something in the mouth. (Cf.
utembe}
Kite mb we, n. (vi-}, a vegetable
KITENDAWILI
167
KITORIA
fibre. (Cf. utembu'c, also ttzt .
Hgornba, uttanasi, flee.)
Kitendawili, n. (vi-\ riddle,
enigma, puzzle, charade, conundrum.
The common word for propounding
a riddle is tega, e.g. Kitendaivili!
Here's a riddle! Tega! Out with
:imbayangu ktibwa, haina taa,
my house is large, but has no lamp.
( Ans.) Kaburi, the grave. (? From
ki-ttnda-wili, i. e. pili, acting in two
ways.)
Kitendo, n. (f-), act, deed, ex-
ploit. (Cf. ttnda, tcndo, utendaji,
&c.)
Kitengele, n. t'/-),al>o Kichen-
gele, stripe, band of colour, &c.
(Cf. more usual tnfuo, m/ia.)
Kitengenya, n. (t f /-), ? name of a
bird.
Kiteo, n. (vi-}, dim. of uteo, a
small flat basket used for sifting.
(Cf. ungo, and tunga, more usual
in Z.)
Kitete, n. (w-), small hollow reed,
small pijx?. . (Cf. ufetf.)
Kitetemo, n. (vi-\ trembling,
::g, shaking, quaking. (Cf.
tttcma, and fcitapo, tikisika.)
Kithiri, v. get to be more, do in
addition, cause to be more, increase,
grow. Mttndt umekithiri kuzaa, the
date tree has borne more than ever.
A p. kithir-ia, -iwa, c. g. kukithi-
be loved more
than others. Cs. kithiri-sha, -shwa,
make more, increase, &c. (Ar.
re usual in /.)
n. (ri-j. a native stool, teat.
Hence a seat or chair of any kind.
::me, a throne.
frost, a saddle (cf. seruji). (Cf.
ml pcrh. M //I.)
Mibi, n. (w-), also K
a mischievous act, trick, artifice,
stratagem. (Cf. timfi, and syn.
) name of the dog
in the Seven Sleepers story; .
The consonants are
sometimes written as a kind of charm
on letters to ensure safe deliver)'.
(Ar.)
Kitinda, n. (f-), verbal of tinJa
(i.e. the root of tindika). Kitinda
mitnba, the last, youngest child, lit.
the ending of conception.
Kitisho, n. (w-), terrifying, some-
thing terrifying, a terror, a menace,
a fearful thing, an overwhelming
danger. (Cf. tisha, tisho, utisho,
and syn. afa, kioja?)
Kititi,n. and adv. (i) dim. of////,
nipple (of the breast) ; (2) a small
hare, leveret; (3) kititi cha bahari,
the depths of the sea. As adv. (i)
fully, wholly, altogether, all at once ;
(2) straight up, upright, in an erect
position. Gfttge limtsiniama k., the
cliff rose up perpendicularly. Mti
umesimika k., the tree stood straight
up, was perpendicular.
Kitiwanga, n. chicken-pox, also
called titiwanga, and tete kwanga.
(Cf. ndui.}
Kito, n. (vi-), a precious stone,
gem, jewel. (Cf.joAari,fusfus.)
Kitobwe, n. (w-), hole e. g. one
bored by an insect or tool, dimple on
the chin. (Cf. toboa, pass, form
in -c, and syn. kititudu.)
Kitoraa, n. (/-), a small round
pumjikin, the outer rind or shell of
which is dried, hollowed out, and
used as a vessel for liquids ; (2) de-
scriptive of orchitis, hydrocele. (Cf.
boga, pumpkin, usual in Z.)
Kitono, n. (?-), dim. of
small drop (of liquid), a smn!
Kanga m ndtge wa vitone-tont, the
n-fowl u a speckled bird.
Kitongo, adv. sideways, ob-
liquely. Tasama kiton&otonqo, look
askance ' ; ongtyi^
/->, small village,
.-.'/<' HJC mashamba
vitongojini, all who were out
. tottgota,
kitongo, and syn. kijiji.)
, edible fruit of
the mtoria (a kind of Landolphia).
KITOTO
168
KITWA
Kitoto, n. and adv. (z-7-), dim. of
mtoto, a small child, baby, like a
child, foolishly.
Kitovu, n. (z>*-), the navel, the
umbilical cord.
Kitoweo, n. (#z-), and Kitoeo,
anything eaten as a relish with other
food, meat, fish, curry, &c, the
third common ingredient being m-
chuzi, gravy. (Cf. toweza, and
kiungo.}
Kitu, n. (vi-), (i) a thing, esp.
a sensible, material object, but also
what is an object to the mind ; (2)
substance, what a thing is made of,
matter. Mtu ni k., lakini si k., a
man may be regarded as a thing, but
he is not (only) a thing. Pana k.
hasira ? Is there such a thing as
anger ? Si k., it is nothing, no mat-
ter (cf. hait hunt, mamojd). Ha-
pana k,, there is nothing, nothing at
all, nought. K. gani hicho ? What
is that? K. choke ni chuma, its
substance is iron. (Cf. //, and
utu. The idea of ' substance ' is
often conveyed by the abstract forms
beginning with -u, and nyama is
also used, chiefly of organic sub-
stances.)
Kitua, n. (z/j-), (i) a small tree,
shrub, bush, branch; (2) shade of
a tree, shaded spot. Tuketi kituani,
let us sit in the shade. (Not usual
in Z., cf. kijiti, kivuli, which are the
common words.)
Kituko, n. (#*-), a feeling (object,
cause, &c.) of fear, a terror, horror,
fright, alarm. E.g. inatia walu
vituko vya hofu, it causes people
alarm. Mtu ytina (ameingiiva no)
kiluko, the man is frightened. Vi-
tuko vikittishavyo, terrors which
alarm you. (Cf. tukia, ttikio, of
incident, accident, and so special
sensational alarming occurrence. Or
cf. shtuka (stuka, sittika), shtuko,
of what is startling, alarming. For
syn. cf. kiiisho, kioja, a/a.}
Kitulizo, n. (vi-~) t a quieting in-
fluence, a soothing force, a comfort,
relief, anodyne. (From fua, tuliza.
Cf. iitutidivu^faraja, baridi.}
Kitumba, n. (vi-}, dim. of m-
tumba, tumba, (i) a small bag, case,
cover ; (2 ) a small bud. Gunia ni k.
cha Hindi, a gunia is an Indian bag.
Kitumbo, n. and adv. (i) dim. of
tttmbo, small stomach, protuberance,
swelling ; (2) obesity, a large abnor-
mal stomach (cf. kikono, kiguu, of
malformation or maiming); (3) as
an adv., lala k., lie stomachwise, on
the stomach. (Cf. tumbua, m-
tumba, Imtumbwi?)
Kitumbua, n. (vi-\ a small pan-
cake, a fritter. (Cf. prec.)
Kitumwa, n. and adv. (vi-\ d)
dim. of mtumwci) a little slave ; (2)
service, what is servile or degrading.
Fanya k., act as a slave, -a /&., of a
slavish, servile kind. (Cf. tuma,
mtumwa, &c.)
Kitunda, n. (vi-\ (i) dim. of
tunda, a small fruit; (2) a chess
pawn (Str.).
Kitunga, n. (vi-\ dim. of tunga,
a small round flat basket.
Kitunguu, n. (vi-\ an onion.
Kitunguu somu, garlic. (Sum is
Ar. for garlic.)
Kituo, n. (vi-\ (i) stopping,
resting, cessation, respite, remission,
quiet ; (2) a stopping-place, encamp-
ment, time for rest, stage in a journey ;
(3) a stop, a pause (e. g. in talking,
music, &c.), a note of punctuation,
end of a sentence. Roho yake haina
/'., his spirit is always uneasy. Hana
k., he is always on the move (cf. opp.
kitango}. Maneno yasiyo na k., talk
without breaks or pauses. Piga
kituo, form an encampment. Ki-
swahili hakina k., the Swahili lan-
guage has no fixed standard. (Cf.
tiia, utulivu, ttto, and simama, pu-
ntzika.}
Kitupa, n. (vi-\ dim. of (i) tupa
(i. e. chupa in Z.), a small bottle,
phial, flask; also of (2) tupa, a
small file.
Kitwa, n. (/-), usually in Z.
KIT WAN A
169
KITJNGUJA
sounded more as kichwa (which
.cad.
Kit wans, n. (01*-), a boy or youth
of the slave class. Dim. of mtwana,
and contr. kijakazi, a slave girl.
Kiu, n. absence of water, drought,
want of water, thirstiness, thirst.
na ., kitona k., to be thirsty.
Kotnesha k., quench thirst. K, ya
ntaji, lack of water.
Kiua, n. (vi-), (i) verbal from
;/.;. v.. that which kills; (2) dim. of
na, a small enclosure, or, a small
flower. Also (3) name of a fish
(perh. from (i)) ; (4) an eyelet-hole
Kiuaji.n. (zi'-),somethingthat kills,
a fatal, deadly thing, i.e. kitu cha
kufisha, e. g. beast of prey, snake,
poison, fire-arms. (Cf. ua, v.)
Kiuka, v. step over, get (leap,
pass, jump) over, surmount. (Cf.
kia, chupa, and more usual in Z.
ruka, vuka.)
Kiuma, n. (vi- t contr. vynma, as
plur. of (Jtuma), (l) anything that
bites, pierces, stings, hurts (cf. k.
the goat-biter, as name of
a kind of lizard ; k. inzi, the fly-biter,
name of an insect) ; (a) esp. a small
pointed or pronged instrument, a
fork, an insect's sting. (Cf. uma,
n. and v.)
abe, n. (w'-)i a created thing,
a creature, but usually limited to the
!, or at least animate creation.
E. g. pana nyama wawili na k. ki-
icre are two animals and one
man. Mti umeumbwa kuwa k., la-
k. t na nyama si k.,
A., a tree is a creature like a kiunibe,
but it is not strictly a kiumbc, nor
is an animal a kiumbe^ but only num.
.-/////<<?, maum/>i/e,and
pass, termin. -t.}
.), name of a kind
*. (Cf.ngoma.)
no. M. ami adv. (seldom
in phir. for usual -a kiume and
ndume], a male, something
male kind, manly behaviour (bear-
ing, fashion; way, proceeding, &c.),
courage, strength, prudence, spirit,
heroism. Watoto it/a k., boys.
Fanya /., act like a man, show
spirit, be brave. Sauti ya k. t a bass,
deep voice. Vaa k., wear a man's
clothes, dress as a man. a.
from -unify agreeing with &'///, e. g.
kijana kiume, a young man. (Cf.
-urne, kuunie, ndiime, urne, and contr.
kike.)
Kiunga, n. (vi~\ (i) suburb of
a town, suburban residence, out-
skirts, place adjacent. Ana k. chake
na nyumba yoke mjini, he has an
estate (garden) in the suburbs, and a
house in the town. Akaa kiungont,
he lives in the outskirts of the town.
The kiunga is often an orchard,
fruit or pleasure garden (contr. sha~
mba which is general, and more in the
country), (a) Name of a fish. (Cf.
ungv, kiungo.)
Kiungo, n. (vi-), (i) act (method,
means, &c.) of joining, a joining,
link, connecting part, connexion,
amalgamation. Hence (a) a joint of
the animal frame, a member of the
body, i. e. kiungo cha mwili. Vi-
ungo vimeachana, the joints have
come apart. Also achana I
loosen the joints, of a man lying at
ease, so too jitupa viungo, of a
sprawling attitude-. Makuti ya ki-
ungo, or ya viungo, cocoanut leaves
prepared for use as thatch. Si.
K 1 1 1 i . (3) Something which seasons,
gives a taste or relish to, food, e. g.
sauce, pickle, salt, vinegar, &c.,
i.e. mthuzi, achali, chunn..
(Cf. unga, v.)
Kiunguja, n. and adv., the dialect
' cl in Zanzibar city and
neighbourhood, as contrastc
id red dialects of the coast
v<i) f of Mombasa (kr
and Lama (kiamu).
also used in contrast wit
rcncc to points in \\
Zanzibar use is different !mm all or
most of the kindred dialects. (A
KIUNGULIA
170
KIWAMBAZA
native will often say Kiswahili hi fa,
si kiunguja, that word is Swahili,
but it is not used in Zanzibar, e. g.
the word chaka for 'hot season.')
As adv., ' of the Zanzibar kind.' (Cf.
Vngiija, and the Preface to Sacleux,
Dictionnaire Fran fats- Swahili. )
Kiungulia, n. stomachic disorder
causing eructation or belching, heart-
burn, also k. cha moyo. (Cf.
ungua, and for the symptoms,
cheuka.']
Kiunguza, n. (*-), and similarly
Kiunguzo, something which burns,
causes the sensation of burning, as
fire, acid, &c. (Cf. ungua.}
Kiungwana, adv. of a gentle-
manly, civilized, educated kind
(style, fashion, character, &c.), in
a way becoming a free man. Mw-
anamke wa k., a lady (by birth
or manners). -a kiungwana, gen-
tlemanly, courteous, &c. Cf. phrase
hajambo ya kiungwana, i. e. he is
quite well enough to work, if he
chooses. (Cf. -ungwana.}
Kiuno, n. (*'-), loin, flank, waist,
the part just above the hips (nyongd],
and groin (nena). In building, an
abutment. Jambia kiunonina bakora
mkononi, dagger at waist and stick in
hand.
Kiunza, n. (-), a board laid
over a corpse, when placed in a
grave, also called ntlango iva maiti,
the dead man's door. Sometimes
bamboos or sticks are so used.
Kiunzi, n. (z>z-), a wooden frame
or structure, esp. of shipwrights'
work, the hull of a vessel, the chie
native example of construction in
wood. (Cf. unda, mwunzi.)
Kivi, n. (*'-) elbow. (Cf
kisigino.}
Kivimba, n. (vi-), and similar^
Kivimbe (or -i), a swelling, a pro
tuberance, girth, circumference, big
ness of anything round. K. ch(
mti, girth of a tree. (Cf. vimba
and mzingo?)
Kivukizo, n. (yi-\ act of burnin
ncense, fumigation, substance used
n fumigation. (Cf. vukiza!)
Kivuko, n. (*), act (place, time,
neans, &c.) of crossing (e. g. a river,
marsh, &c.), crossing - place, ford,
erry ; also, fee for crossing. K.
ikavu, an isthmus connecting two
>ieces of land. (Cf. vuka>)
Kivuli, n. (vi-\ (i) a shade, a
hady place, a shadow; (2) a ghost.
Cf. mvuli, uvuli, mivavuli.}
Kivumbasi, n. a strong-smelling
erb, used by the natives to keep off
mosquitoes, a kind of basil. (Cf.
.
Kivumbi, n. and adv. (vi-}, a
article of dust, like dust, dusty ;
also, a dust -cloud, sand-storm (?).
Cf. vumbi.}
Kivumi, n. (/-)> also similarly
Kivumo, (i) a rumbling (humming,
)uzzing, or roaring) sound, rumble,
mm, buzz, &c. ; (2) a rumour, a
eport, bit of gossip, hearsay. (Cf.
'junta, uvunii.}
Kivunjo, n. (w-), dct (means,
way, &c.) of breaking. (Cf. vitnja,
mvunjo, &c.)
Kivuno, n. (vi-}, a harvest, profit,
something worth having. Ganda la
mua chungu kaona kivuno, a bit of
chewed sugar-cane the ant thought
a prize. (Cf. vuna, and syn. chumo,
bub.)
-kiwa, a. solitary, alone, desolate,
abandoned, outcast (with pfx. ;//-,
and wa-, of persons, pa- of place,
and u- of things, nyutnba itfa'tva,
shamba ukiwd). (Cf. tikiwa, and
upweke, peke yake, -hame.}
Kiwaa, n. (vi-\ dim. of ivaa,
small spot, blotch, patch, stain,
blemish, blot. (Cf. kipaku, ila.}
Kiwamba, n. (*-), a little frame,
support, prop. Watoto wanaotambaa
na wanaokwendea viwamba, chil-
dren who crawl and who walk with
something to hold to. (Cf. wamba,
and follg.)
Kiwambaza, n. ("), also Kiya-
mbaza, Kiambaza, a wall as made
KIWAMBO
171
KIWIMAWIMA
by natives, i.e. a screen of sticks
fastened to upright poles and filled
up with kneaded earth and stones.
(Cf. wamba, kiwambo, and ukuta.)
Kiwambo,n. (z//-),alsoKiyambo,
Kiambo, the act (process, means,
&c.) of making one thing cover
another, and esp. of the thing which
covers, overlays, or is stretched over
another, e. g. the k. of a drum
(ngoma} is the skin strained tightly
over it, ngozi iliyowambiwa ngoma.
K. cha mokuti, a screen of cocoanut
leaves. K. cha kitanda, the lacing
of a bed-frame with cord. (Cf.
wamba, kiwambaza.}
Kiwanda, n. (vi-} t also Kiwanja,
a plot of ground, used for occupation
rather than cultivation, whether open
or enclosed, i. e. a yard, premises, &c.
uncovered or covered, i.e. a shed, a
workshop, e. g. Htiifatic k., nataka
kujcnga nyumba, get me a piece of
ground, 1 want to build a house.
Hii ilikuwa nyumba, imevunjika.
sasa ni k. /it, this was a house, but
it was taken down, and now it is only
a piece of ground. Akatiwa kiwa*
naatii kushona nguo, he was put in
a workshop to learn tailoring. (Cf.
uwatuia, uwanja.)
Kiwango, n. (r*-), (i) number,
a number (cf. wanga, and cheo.
Kiwango is the B. word, but in Z.
represented almost entirely
Ar. hesabu and daraja.} (2) Im-
portance, account, dignity, posi-
.>) behaviour or duties proper
n, province, sphere of
'tangu kusema, it
is nay duty (it is proper for me) to
speak thus. K. cha mtun;
position of a slave.
ivi, n. (OT-), m nettle, sea
Kiwe, n. (vi-), pimple, vesicle,
^having
the hair. (Cf. /&.)
Ki weko, n. ftrf-J, also Kiwiko (cf.
:\ (i) act, &c. of
placing (sec Ki- and Weka), place
for putting, placing, resting, position ;
(2) pedestal, base, rest, socket. Used
of wrist, k. cha mkono, and ankle,
k. cha mguu. (Cf. weko, kisigino,
kifundo,}
Kiwele, n. (vi-\ milk-gland of
a female animal, udder.
Kiwembe, n. (/-), dim. oluwtmbe,
a small razor, a knife. (Cf. Msu,
kijembc?)
Kiweo, n. (vi-\ thigh, ham, esp.
of animals. (Cf. /a/a, more usual
in Z.)
Kiwete, n. and adv. (i) lameness,
crippled condition ; (a) a crippled
person, a cripple ; (3) in a lame,
halting, crippled way. Kwenda k.,
walk lamely, -a /., crippled. Yu
k., ana k., he is lame. (Cf. kilema,
kiguu, chcchemta?)
Kiwi, n. (OT-), (i) stout stick, bar
of wood, set against a door, inside, as
a fastening, &c. (cf. komeo, /
(2) state of being dazzled, dazed,
unable to see clearly, i.e. k. cha
macho. Jit a I of any a k. cha macho,
the sun blinds me, dazzles me. Haoni
usiku, ana k., he does not see at
night, his sight is defective.
Kiwiko, n. (vi-\ See Kiweko.
Kiwiliwili, n. and adv. (*-), vari-
ously used as (i) the body in general,
of man, animals, birds, &c., like
mwili; (2) the main part of the body,
the trunk, i.e. not with the head or
limbs or both ; (3) n
body, member, limb ; (4) bulk
size (cf. kivimba, untne). Kunkwa
kwa fisi, si k. tut to be burin 1 by
a hyaena, is not that just lea v in- tl.'c
body as it is, no grave at all ?
ingu vyot< .ill my
members are whole. A", chakc chapa-
tajef What does its bulk come to?
What does it measure round ? As
tin. (Cf. mwili.
Dist. -tri'/i, two, X-M ;/'///, &c.)
Kiwimawima, adv. in ni
e.g. of a steep hil! . (Cf.
simama, irrta,1wima.)
KIWIMBI
172
KIZUKA
Kiwimbi, n. and adv. (vi-}, dim.
of ivimbi, wavelet, ripple, eddy. As
adv., like a wave. Kama viwimbi,
undulating, with ridges, hillocks, &c.
Kiwingu, n. (vi-}, dim. of -wingu,
a small cloud.
*Kiyama, n. the general resurrec-
tion of the dead, as conceived by
Mahommedans, lit. standing up, rising
up. (Ar. Cf. ufttfuo.}
Kiyambasa, n. (vi-}. See Kiwa-
mbaza.
Kiyoga, n. (vi-}, a mushroom.
Kiyowe, n. (vi-}, cry, shout,
scream, esp. of a call for help. Piga
k., cry out for help. (Cf. ukelele,
killo, ktgelegele, shime.}
Kiza, n. (vi-}, more usually giza
in Z., darkness, gloom, dimness, night.
See Giza.
Kizalia, n. (vi-}, that which is
born in a given place, home-born,
indigenous, native, e.g. of home-born
slaves. Huyu k. Unguja, this man
was born in Zanzibar. (Cf. mzalia,
zaa, and kikulia, kimelea.}
JKizao, n. (vi-} } a product, produc-
tion, offspring. (Cf. zaa, zao.}
Kizazi, n. (vi-\ any part or step
in causing birth, or being born, pro-
creation, generation. Usually (i)
birth, production of offspring, being
born. Haya niliyoandika ya k. cha
Buge, this is my account of the cir-
cumstances of Buge's birth. Ana k.,
he has birth, he is a man of family.
(2) That which is born, a birth, off-
spring, whether individually ' a child,
a young one,' or collectively ' a gene-
ration.' K. hiki, the present genera-
tion. (Cf. zaa, uzazi, mzazi.}
Kizee, n. (vi-} and adv., (i) an
old person, or thing, esp. an old
woman, crone, hag ; (2) in antiquated
style, old-fashioned. -a kizee, an-
tique, old, old-fashioned (cf. -a kikale).
Enda kizee, walk like an old person.
(Cf. -zee, mzee, and perh. zaa.}
Kizembe, n. and adv. (vi-}, idling,
slack (remiss, negligent) conduct or
act. (Cf. -zembe, uvivu, ulegevu.}
Kizibo,n. (vi-}, (i) anything used
to stop a hole or opening, a stopper,
plug, cork, bung, &c., and (2) fig. of
what is used merely for filling a hole,
i.e. stop-gap, padding, temporary ex-
pedient. (Cf. ziba, mzibo.}
Kizimba, n. (vi}-, also Kizimbi,
a cage with bars, coop for fowls, &c.
(Cf. kirimba, tnndu.')
Kizimwe, n. (vi-}, also Kizimwi,
1 i ) something dried up , dead , withered .
Nazi kizimwe, a cocoanut without
milk or nutty substance, dry and
empty (cf. zima and -zimive).
(2) smut, blight (on cereals, &c.) ;
(3) a fairy, an evil spirit. (Cf.
zimwi, mzimu.}
Kizinga, n. (vi-}, dim. of mzinga,
which see.
Kizingiti, n. (vi-}, top or bottom
piece of the frame of a door or
window, threshold, sill, lintel; (2)
bar of a river, reef of rocks, natural
dam, weir. Mlango wa k., opening
in a bar or reef, sluice, floodgate.
(Cf. mlango, kimandu, mwinio.}
Kizingo, n. (vi-}, turning, wind-
ing, curve, bend, e.g. of a river, road.
-a k., sinuous, winding, roundabout.
Also kizingozingo. (Cf. mzingo,
zinga, ztmguka.}
Kizio, n. (vi-}, a half of a cocoa-
nut, i. e. kizio cha nazi, and of other
fruit, cut in halves.
Kiziwi, n. (vi-}, a deaf person.
(Cf. ukiziwi, and possibly ziba. For
form cf. kipofu, kizee, kibiongo, kile-
ma, &c.)
Kizizi, n. (vi-}, small stall, &o.
Dim. of zizi, which see.
Kizua, n. See Mazua.
Kizuio, n. (vi-}, and Kizuizo
(and -zi), restraining, keeping back,
restraint, obstruction, hindrance,
stopper. (Cf. zuio, zuia, pinga,
wgogoro}
Kizuka, n. (vi-}, (i) something
which appears suddenly, thing seldom
seen, an apparition, phantom, ghost,
portent. Hence (2) fairy, evil spirit,
ghost; (3) and also a widow living
KIZULI
173
KOFIA
in seclusion after her husband's death.
(Cf. sttka, kizushi.}
Kizuli, n. also Kisuli, giddiness,
mental confusion. (Cf.' zu/u, ma-
.Y/f-d.)
Kizungu, n. and adv., a European
language, in European style. Senta
k. t speak a European language. Vaa
k. y wear European dress, -a k.,
European. (Cf. mzungu (wa- and
:;d perh. zunguka and follg.)
Kizunguzungu, n. (*-), gicldi-
ness, whirl, i.e. kizunguzungu cha
kichwa, vertigo. Mkondo wa k., an
eddy, whirlpool. Mzungu mambo
yake ni kizunguzungu, a European's
makes one's head go round.
(Cf. kizna, mazua t and zunguka,
,'.)
Kizushi, n. (z/*-)> a person or
-uddenly appearing, i.e. (i)
newcomer, intruder, heretic, revolu-
; (a) novelty, phenomenon,
sensation, apparition. Mwana wa
mitt ni kizushi, akizuka zuka naye,
i. e. there is no knowing what a man
may do, best follow all his movements.
ua, zuka, kizuka, uzushi.}
Kizuu, n. ,2/1-), a kind of evil
spirit, capable of being employed to
enter houses in the form of rats and
kill people by devouring their livers.
cc. and zua, also see Uchawi.)
-ko is a form of the D<
Pfx. ku, the o (a) either denoting
reference or relative distance, ' there' ;
(Ih or else giving it the force of a
re' (see Ku).
oraonitr.
ko and kuko, which see; (2)
affixed to ndi- and I'crs. I'fx. and the
verb -wa or its equivalents, has a
demonstrative force usually local,
- g.yuko, he is
Y>, that is where he
is. (3) In verb-forms genera
pronoun agreeing
with t od, and nouns ana
Ajth tlic Pfx. ku.
Iluko attakokti'fnda, there where he
is go: nt; A///CZ kiilikompata, the
death which overtook him. Ko as
a separate word only appears in such
a phrase as ko kote, wherever, under
whatever circumstances. (Cf. hiiko,
ku, mo,po.}
Koa, n. (i) (/a-), a band of thin
metal plate, esp. as worn for orna-
ment on the neck or arm, e.g. k. la
fetha, a silver armlet ; k. la shingo,
a neck ring (sometimes broadened
into a crescent shape in front) (cf.
ttkoa, ktkoa, also furungu, kikukii,
and for ornaments generally iirembd).
(a) ( , and ma-), a snail, slug. Ute
wa k., the slime of a snail. (Cf.
konokono.')
Kobe, n. (ma-}, a land tonMbe.
(Cf. kasa, ng amba. Dist. mkobe, a
wallet.)
Koboa, v. See Goboa.
Kobwe, n. a kind of bean, like
kundi. sold in X.
Koche, n. (wa-), the edible fruit
of a kind of palm. See Mkochi.
*Kodi, n. rent, tax, customs.
(? Hind. Cf. Ar. ushuru.')
Kodoa, v. esp. with macho, open
the eyes wide, stare, glare. A. .
kodolea (macho), -cwa, stare at, <;aye
at fixedly with eyes wide open.
Kwani kitnikodolea macho .' Why are
you staring at me? (Cf. ngariza,
kaza macho?)
Kodwe, n. small stone, used as
a marble in games, as are korosho
and konni'f. (Cf. /mv, mbwe.}
Kofi, n. (wa-), (i) flat of the hand.
the palm extended or upturned ; (a)
a blow with the open hand, slap,
box on the ears ; (3) as much as can
II the palm of the upturned
i ^ slap, box
ear, (a) clap the hands.
mkono, and for handfull ukuj-..
chopa, konsi.)
Kofla. n. cap, in
fez of red cloth, or of whit
iborately stitched, t'
of any foreign head -cover. I'aa k.,
put on a en , take off a
(Cf.
KOGA
174
KOLEA
Koga, n. mould, blight, mustiness.
Fanya (ptd) k., get mouldy (blighted).
(Cf. kutu, kizimwe, and dist. ukoga.}
Also v. for kuoga, bathe. See
Oga.
Kogo, n. the part of the skull
which projects at the back, the back
of the head, occiput. (Cf. kikosi,
kishogo.)
Kohoa, v. cough. Cs. koko-za,
-zwa. Jikohoza, cough on purpose (as
a sham, to attract attention, to de-
ceive a person, &c.). (Cf. follg.
and boo.}
Kohooi, n. (ma-} and Kohozi, ex-
pectoration, sputum, phlegm coughed
up. (Cf. prec., and ukohozi, ki-
kohozi, belghamu.)
Koikoi, n. (ma-}, a kmd ^ evil
spirit. (Cf. pepo}
Koja, n. (i) a neck ornament, a
ring with disks or coins attached worn
round the neck (cf. koa, and urembo) \
(a) a kind of metal pot (cf. kopo,
sufurid) ; (3) see Khoja.
Kojoa, v. urinate, make water.
Ap. kojolea. Kopo (chombo, bakuli}
la kukojolea, chamber-pot. Cs. ko-
josha, e.g. dawa ya kukojosha, a
diuretic. (Cf. follg. and mkojo,
also nya, and Ar. tabawali}
Kojozi, n. urine (for common
mkojo} . Also, that which causes mic-
turition. (Cf. prec.)
Koka, v. set on fire (or ? heap up,
e.g. kokeni mabi-wi ya moto, of burn-
ing rubbish). Seldom in Z., for
common tia (or, choma} moto, waska.
Also koka for knoka, bake (see Oka,
and cf. koga for kuoga}. (Perh. cf.
choc ha, and obs. kokoa.}
Koko, n. ( , and ma-}, (i) stone
of a fruit, the kernel being kiim
(cf. kok-wa) ; (2) bush, underwood,
jungle. Mbwa koko, a bush-dog, i.e.
in a semi-wild state. Kaa makoko,
small mud crabs (cf. mkokd). (Dist
koko for, or plur. of, ukoko.}
Kokoa, v. sweep up, collect to-
gether in a heap, of dust, rubbish,
&c., i.e. k. matakataka, Ps. koko-
lewa, e.g. mchanga unakokolewa na
maji, the sand is swept away by the
water. (Cf. zoa,fagia.}
Kokomoka, v. belch, vomit vio-
ently, and fig. blurt out, burst out
with. (Cf. btibujika, and tapika.}
Kokota, v. drag, haul, tug at,
pull along, draw. K. gari, draw a
:art (carriage). K. roho, used of
slow painful breathing. K. maneno,
of slow dragging speech, difficult
articulation. K. kazi, work slowly.
fikokota, move slowly (reluctantly,
&c.). Ps. kokotiva. Nt. koko-
teka. Ap. kokot-ea, -ewa, e.g.
kamba za kukokotea, cords to draw
with. Cs. kokot-eza, -eziva, e.g.
kokoteza kazi, work slowly (whether
from care or laziness). (Contr. ki-
mbiza, and cf. endeleza.} (Cf. -ko-
kotevu, kokoto, and syn. vuta.)
-kokotevu, a. (same with D 5 (S),
D 6), dragging, dilatory, slow. (Cf.
prec.)
Kokoto, n. (ma-), usu. in plur.
small stones, esp. with reference to
use as material (e.g. makokoto ya
kupigilia, for use in concrete, m. ya
kutomelea, for use in plastering), and
classed according to size, as compared
with common fruits, e.g. makokoto
ya ndimu (lime size), m. ya malimau
(lemon size), m. ya nazi (cocoanut
size). (Cf. kokota.}
Kokwa, n. ( , and ma-\ stone
of a fruit. See Koko (with which it
seems connected).
Kolea, v. (i) put something into
food to give it a taste, season (with),
flavour (with), give a relish to; (a)
be properly seasoned, have a flavour;
and (3) fig. have point (force, mean-
ing)* K. samli katika chakula, fla-
vour food with ghee. Ubishi wake
haukukolea, his joke fell flat. Obs.
Cs. form in koleza moto, make up
a fire, make it burn up (with oil,
shavings, &c.) (? cf. koka}. (Cf.
follg., also syn. unga, kiungo, and
kitoweo. Also cf. in Kr. koleza, v.,
seize person or property.)
KOLEKOLE
175
KOMBO
Kolekole, n. name of a large
tish, ? dolphin.
Koleo, n. ( , and ma-}, a smith's
tool for handling his work, i.e. kidude
cha kushikia chuma, a pair of tongs,
e. ^- kuzima koleo si rnwisho wa
nhunzi, cooling the tongs is not the
end of the job. Also (i) any similar
instrument, pincers, &c. ; (2) notch
in an arrow (held on the string with
the fingers). (Cf. prec.)
*Koli, n. and Kol, a ship's papers.
(? Ar. /.)
Koma, v. cease, come to an end,
stop, decease. Also sometimes act.,
bring to an end, close. Lisilo m-
koma, hujikoma ti/o, what has no
one to end it, ends of itself. H'ali-
pokoma nussu ya /*<*, when they
ended half the journey. Yalipo-
koma magrebi, when evening set in.
Koma usije, stop coming further.
Cs. kom-csha, -tsAwa, make stop,
bring to an end, thwart, forbid, kill,
usually implying some force or
abruptness. A'omesha rnatuno, stop
conversation, cut short a debate.
(Cf. kikorno, ukomo, lukonia, and syn.
tsAa, nyamaa, tindika?) n.
(wa-), the edible fruit of a kind of
palm, mkotna (same as koche, a local
name .
Komaa, v. (i) be fully ripe, be full
grown (developed, matured), and so
(a) be past the prime, fall off, begin
to lose powers, decline, become de-
moralized. Cs. komaza, unduly
stimulate, over-excite, make game of,
mock. .ikukomaza, do not
say I am talking improper;
(Cf. pcvuka, balchi, -SIOTO.)
Koraofl, n. (wa-;, fruit of t
Mkomafl, \vhich see.
Komaraanga, n. (wa-), pomc-
iruit of the mkoma-
manga. (Cf. mkoma, and manga.)
Komba. v. scrape out, hollow out,
cleanout. K. g. X-.w^w/;, mnkeadrum
t). A'. aa/u, scrape
out the nutty part of a cocoanut.
Cf. dafu la kukomba, a cocoanut full
of milk, but beginning to form the
soft nutty substance inside. A', chu-
ngu, clean out a cooking pot. A'.
taka (niaji, vutnb?^ clean out dirt
(water, dust). A', mtu malt, clear a
man out of his money, ruin, im-
poverish. Ps. kombwa. Nt. ko-
mbcka, be cleaned or cleared out.
Ap. komb-ea, -ewa, also komb-elca,
-elcwa, -eleka, -elcsha, -eleshwa, e. g.
amckombelcka niali, he has lost every
penny he had. Kombelesha mchnzi
kwa wait, sop up the gravy with the
rice. Cs. komb-esha, -eshwa. (Cf.
ukombe, kombo, konibe, kikombe,
komba, kikomba, kombeo, kotnboa, and
? kumba?)
Komba, n. a small racoon-like
animal, galago, common in Z. and
very destructive to cocoanuts. (Cf.
prec.)
Kombamoyo, n. (wa-), a long
thin straight pole. Used as rafters
in constructing the roof of native
huts, resting on the side poles
and carrying the cross-pieces (Jito}
and thatch.
Kombe, n. ( , and wa-), (i) any-
thing hollowed or scraped out, flat
and slightly curved, and also (2) an
instrument suited for scraping or
hollowing. Hence various meanings,
e.g. (i) a large dish, pan, or platter
of earthenware, charger (cf. kikontbf}.
(2) bivalve si ; their shells,
such as oysters, &c., k. ya pwani
(cf. kome> konokono, kauli '.
Shoulder blade, k. la Ixga, or la
mkono, also of an empty sknll, k. la
kichiva (cf. kichwa, buf>uru>fuvu or
/). (4) Like ukombf, a gouge,
scraper, e.g. miiba na kombc ta
hurting me. Also of the fluke of an
baura ya makombc man/i/i,
can anchor with two flukes.
(Cf. komba, v. and note, and ukombe*}
Komboo, n. (wa-), a sling for
Kombo, n. (ma-), (i) a scrap, a
scraping, a bit ot lood remaining
KOMBOA
176
KONGOA
over. (2) Like kikombo (which com-
pare) (a) twist, turn, crook, crooked-
ness, () deviation from the straight
or standard, defect, fault, ill temper,
awkwardness, difficulty, sticking
point. Mti huu ni kombo kombo,
or una kombo, this tree is all crooked.
Hapana k., there is no difficulty, it is
all straightforward, plain sailing.
Mimi, ni k. nayo, as for me, I just
cannot do it. (3) Escape, acquittal,
pardon, e.g. omba k., ask for pardon,
-pa k., grant pardon. (Cf. komboa,
and komba, v. and note.)
Komboa, v. (i) scrape out, and
so (2) ransom, redeem, deliver, make
compensation for, pay for. Nita-
komboa mtu aliyeuzwa, I will re-
deem the man who was sold. K.
deni, pay a debt, compensate a credi-
tor. (3) Make crooked, warp, put
out of the straight, or out of shape,
give a turn (or twist) to, and so fig.
cause difficulty to, thwart, hamper,
give trouble to. Ps. kombolewa.
Nt. komboka, e.g. (i) be crooked,
(2) be redeemed. Ap. komlo-ha,
-leza, -lezwa, e. g. maliya kukombolea,
money for a ransom. Cs. kombo-za,
-zwa, (i) make crooked, (2) cause
to ransom. (Cf. komba, v..and
note, also mkornbozi, ukombozi.}
*Kombora,n. a bomb, a shell, also
a mortar for throwing bombs. (Ar.)
Kombozi, n. (ma-}, generally
ukombozi, ransom, redemption-money,
payment, compensation. (Cf. prec.)
Kome, n.( , and via-}, also Gome,
a kind of shell and shell-fish. K. za
p-wani, univalves. (Cf. kombe, and
gome.}
Komea, v. bolt, bar, fasten with a
komeo. Ps. kome-wa. Nt. komeka.
Ap. kome-lea, -lewa, e.g. ufunguo wa
kukomelea, a key to move a bolt.
Cs. kom-eza, -ezwa, cause to fasten
a door. (Cf. komeo, komoa, kiwi,
funga, pingo.}
Komeo, n. (ma-}, bar, bolt, latch
(of wood), for fastening a door or win
dow, a kind of native lock. (Cf. prec.
Komoa, v. unbar, i.e. remove the
komeo. Ps. komolewa. Ap. komo-
lea, -lewa. (Cf. komea.}
Komwe, n. (ma-}, seed of a plant
mkomwe, used as counters in playing
games.
Konda, v. also Gonda, grow thin,
become lean, be emaciated, get into
low condition of health or body, pine.
Cs. kond-esha, -eshwa, cause to get
thin, wear out, dispirit, cause to pine
(languish). Jikondesha, worry one-
self by brooding, taking a matter too
much to heart.
Kondavi, n. (ffia-}, a broad belt
of beads worked in patterns, worn
by women. (Cf. ushanga, ^ltunda.}
Konde, n. (ma-}, (i) fist, closed
hand. Piga k., strike with the fist
(knuckles of the closed hand), i.e.
kwa nyuma ya vidole. Piga moyo k. t
take courage, cheer up, make a bold
resolve (cf. ngumi, konzi}. (2) A field,
clearing, cultivated piece of ground.
Lima k., till a plot of land. (Cf.
sharnba.}
Kondo, n. Kondo ya nyuma,
after-birth. (Cf. mkottdo. A'ondo,
war, is not used in Z.)
Kondoo, n. ( , and ma-}, a sheep.
Chunga k., keep sheep, act as shep-
herd. Manyoya ya k., wool, fleece.
K. mume (or, ndume], a ram. K.
jike, ewe. (Cf. kikondoo. Sheep,
mostly of the fat-tailed kind, are
imported to Z., but not kept or bred
there.)
Konga, v. grow old, get feeble with
age. Mzee huyu amekonga, hawezi
kufanya kazi, this old man is weak
with age, he cannot work. Cs.
kong-esha, -eshwa, make old, add to
the age of, wear out, e. g. with nagging
or abuse. (Cf. -kongwe, kongoja.}
Kongo, n. plur. of ukonge, fibres
of a kind of Sansevieria (mkonge),
used for making string and cord.
See Mkonge.
Kongo, n. also Koongo. See
Korongo.
Kongoa, v. draw out, cut out,
KONGOJA
177
KOO
extract, disengage. A". mismari, draw
a nail. K.jino, extract a tooth (com-
monly ngoajino). Walikongoapembe,
they cut out the (elephant's) tusks.
A'. unyele, draw out a hair. Ap.
kongo-Ua, -kwa, take to pieces, break
U P e - g- a frame of any sort, a box,
a boat. Mashua yote ilikongolewa
vipandc, the whole boat was taken
to pieces. KongoUa sanduku, open
a case, by extracting the nails, &c.
\->a, kongomana.)
Kongoja, v. walk feebly (with
difficulty), totter, stagger. Ap.
kongoj-ca, -nva, e. g. fimbo la kuko-
ngojea, a stick to steady one's steps
with. Jikongojea, prop oneself,
steady oneself, as with a stick.
ingo langu mkongojo nipatc
kvjikongojea, give me my staff that
I walk with, so that I may steady
myself. (Cf. konga, -kongwc, mko~
Kongomana, v. meet together, be
united, be joined, be assembled, be
heaped (gathered, piled) together.
Cs. kongorrianisha, gather, assemble,
unite, weld, heap together, agglo-
merate. (Cf. mkongomano, kongoa,
and the more common kuta> kutana,
kutanisha, kusanya, &c.)
Kongoraca, v. fasten up, nail up,
put together. Akazikongomca nguo
tangu katika tnveta, and he nailed up
clothes in a trunk. (Cf.
prec.)
Kongomeo, n. (ma-), * fastening,
also ? larynx, Adam's apple. (Cf.
Kongwa.n. (ma-), a forked stick,
a slave stick, i. e. a stick or pole with
.ich the slave is se-
cured by the neck with an iron cross-
pin. (Cf. mpanda, panda .
Kongwe, n. a lead in
Tea k. t start a song, give a lead, lead
off. (Cf. bwaga uimbo.)
-kongwe, a. old, worn-out, aged,
past w< ' mkongwe, a feeble
old man. (Cf. konga, kikongu* t
ukongwe.)
Konka, v. take a sip of, get a drop
of, used of water enough to allay,
not quench, thirst, i.e. konka maji.
(Cf. onja.)
Kono, n. (ma-}, something that
projects, sticks out, e.g. a handle,
a shoot or sprig of a plant. (Ci.
mkono, kikono, ukono.)
Konoa, v. See Konyoa.
Konokono, n. (rna-\ a snail.
(Cf. koa.)
Konyeza, v. make a covert sign
to, i. e. in order to attract notice, to
warn, to give a hint to, e. g. k. kwa
macho, raise the eyebrows, wink ; k.
kwa mkono, make a significant gesture.
Ap. konye-zta, -zewa. (Cf. follg.
and ashiria, onya. Kr. has konya,
deceive, hoodwink, not usual in
Z-)
Konyezo, n. (mo-), a sign, hint,
suggestion, warning. (Cf. prec.)
Konyoa, v. break off, pluck off,
tear off, esp. with some instrument, e.g.
of removing the grains frotn a cob of
maize, by pounding, i. e. k. mahindi.
K. (tube, peel a mango with a knife.
Also k. tnaungo, dismember, quarter.
Ps. konyolewa. Nt. konyoka. Ap.
konyo-Ua, -lewa.
Konzi, n. ( , and w<z-), (i) closed
fist. Piga k. t rap with the knuckles,
with the back of the hand, (a) A
fistful, as much as can be taken up
in the closed fingers, i. e. riJole rili-
ryofumlnva, e. g. teka konzi mbili za
rnchele, take two fistfuls of rice.
(Cf. kondt, ngumi, also kofi, i
Konzo, n. (ma-), large stick, stake,
or pole, with the end pointed and
hardened with fire, used as weapon,
.falls set for
large animals. (Cf. nikonzo,
Koo, n. (wa-), (i) throat ; (a) ail-
ment of the throat ; (l>) mucus from
throat, expectoration (cf. kohoa, as if
MM and M
ing animal or bird, e.g. k. la kuku %
a breci A", la >r.
breeding goat (an idiom
of tuku wa koo, cf. pann
KOPA
178
&c.). (Dist. mkoo, ukoo, and cf.
umt'o, roho.}
Kopa, n. (ma-\ a slice of dried
cassava (mhogo\ (Cf. mhogo,
uoale.)
Kopa, v. (i) get food or money on
credit, borrow for trading purposes,
i.e. on promise to account for accord-
ing to agreement, negotiate a loan on
cred it. K. mail (nguojethd) , borrow
goods (cloth, cash). (2) Swindle,
cheat, defraud, get on false pretences.
Ps. kopwa, i.e. (i) (of things) be
borrowed ; (2) (of persons) be swin-
dled. Ap. kop-ea t -ewa, borrow
from (for, with, &c.), cheat by (for,
with, &c.), e.g. nimckukopea nguo
kwa Baniani kwa reale mbili, kwa
muda wa miezi miwili, I have bor-
rowed cloth for you from the Banian
for two dollars on a credit of two
months. Cs. op-esha,-eshwa,-eshea,
-eshewa, lend, supply goods on credit
(to), advance as a loan, e.g. mlipe
mtu kadiri akukopes heavy o, pay him
as much as he advances to you.
(Cf. Ar. azz'mu, karithi.}
Kope, n. ( , and ma-}, (i) burnt
end of the wick of candle or lamp,
snuff, i. e. kope la taa, kope la utambi ;
(2) eye-lid, e.g. nje ya kope chozi
likichuuza, outside the eye-lid a tear
was trickling. Kwa kope la juu
na chint, in the twinkling of an eye.
(Cf. ukope, kikope, kopesa.}
Kopesa, v. kopesa > macho, wink.
(Cf. kope,pepesa macho,finya macho.}
Kopo, n. ( , and ma-), used very
generally of any vessel of metal (esp.
of tin, zinc, sheet iron), can, mug
pot, jug, cup, &c., -the size being
relatively indicated by the declension,
e.g. kikopOj a small jug, makopo,
very large jugs. Used also of other
metal articles, e.g. kopo la maji,
a gutter, rain spout. (Cf. tasa,
sztfuria, and for other vessels gener-
ally chombo, chungtt.}
*Kora, v. please, satisfy, be on
good (comfortable, confidential)
terms with, be loved by. Chakula
KORONGO
hiki kimenikora, this food has satis-
fied me. Ps. korwa, c. g. be loved
by, have one's wishes met by, be
pleased with. (Ar. Cf. syn.
\pendeza, rithisha.)
*Korani, n. the Coran, the Ma-
hommedan Bible. (Cf. sura,
chapter ; juzu, aya, short section ;
soma and hitima for reading.)
*Korija, n. and Korja, a score,
a lot of twenty, twenty together.
Used m selling poles, strings of
beads, lengths of cloth, &c.
*Korodani, n. sheave of a tmllev
(?Ar. Cf. roda.)
-korofi, a. (same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), (i) evil-minded,
tyrannical, destructive, malignant,
brutal, savage; (2) inauspicious, of
ill omen, unlucky. Mkorofi sana
huyu, he is a monster of cruelty.
Ndege korofi, an evil (inauspicious
unlucky) omen. (Cf. follg. and
ukorofi.}
Koroflka, v. be treated brutally,
be ruined. Also Cs. korof-isha, -ish-
wa, treat with cruelty, bring to ruin.
(Cf.prec.,and syn. haribika, angamia. )
Koroga, v. stir, stir up, mix by
stirring (of liquids). K. maji, make
water muddy by stirring. P s .
korogwa. Ap. korog-ea, -ewa, stir
with (in, for, &c.). Cs. korog-
esha, -eshwa. (Cf. buruga, vurttga,
pigtsha, mkorogo.}
Koroma, v. snore, snort, groan,
and of similar sounds. Amesikia
wamekoroma, he .has heard them
snoring. _ n . (ma-\ (i) a snore,
snoring, snort (cf. mkoromo, mkoro-
maji, msono). (2) A cocoanutjust
becoming ripe, the milk drying, the
nutty part formed and hardening,
between the stages of dafu and nazi
See Nazi.
Kppongo, n. (ma-), (i) a hole
dibbled or dug in the ground for
planting or sowing. Mamlaka ya
kupiga makorongo na knpiga mrabba,
the office of making the holes and
marking out the plots. (2) Name of
KORORO
179
KU-
a crane, and so fig. used of a lean,
lanky person.
Kororo, n. (wa-), a crested
guinea-fowl, the common sort being
kanga.
Korosho, n. (wa-)> a cashew nut,
produced by the tree mbibo or m
kanju. (Cf. bibo, dtingc.}
Koru, n. also Kuro, a water-buck.
Kosa, v. (i) make a mistake (as
to), do wrong (to), offend (against),
go astray (in), blunder, err; (2) fail
to get (hit, find, attain), miss (a
mark), fall short, be' deficient, be
defective ; (3) lack, be without, lose,
suffer loss of. E.g. nimekosa, I
have failed, done wrong, sinned.
Ifamkunikosa neno hatta siku moja,
yon never treated me badly (failed in
duty to me) in any particular. Mttt
akikosa mali hawi mtu rnbcU ya
man without money is not
a man in the sight of men. Anieni-
kosa nduguye, he has lost his brother.
A', njia, miss the road. A", nyama,
miss (shooting) an animal. K. sha-
baha, miss the mark. Kosakosa,
make a scries of blunders. Ps.
koswa. Nt koseka, e. g. be done
wrongly, with Rp. kosekana, e.g.
cd, be wanting, l>c not to be
had, fr; isekani wala
hafi, God never fails (is absent) or
.Vena hili limekosekn, this
affair has been bungled. Ap. kos~
to, *tfva, offend (against, about, &c.).
A'osea sheria, commit a legal offence.
Cs. kos-tsha, -esfiwa, cause to do
mislead. Kp. kotana, e. g.
miss each other, qu.iml, treat each
r<-e. (Cf. -kosefu,
ukostfu, ukosekano.) n.
mistake, a miss, error, fault.
kosa lake, it is not his faul'
ctisc. Sahihisha
maAosa, correct mistakes.
-koaefu, a. (same with I -
.fullofCfM
cous, defective, &c.
<,Cf. prcc.)
Kosi, n. or Kozi, (i) name of a
large bird of 'prey, vulture, eagle
(cf. tai,furukombt) \ (2) like kikosi,
back of the neck, nape, i. e. nyuma
ya shingo. Vunja tost, break the
neck. (Cf. kogo, kishogo.)
Kota, n. (ma-), (i) a crook, bend,
crooked condition, e. g. k. la miguu,
crooked legs (cf. more usual kombo) ;
(2) sweet stalks of a kind of millet,
chewed like sugar-cane (cf. bua, and
mtama).
Kota, v. kota ntoto, warm oneself
by the fire. (See Ota, with Infin.
kuota, kota, and tn-oto.*}
Kotama, n. a thin curved broad-
bladed knife, used in getting palm
wine (tcmbo), esp. for cutting a thin
slice from the growing shoot to en-
able the sap to flow more freely.
(Cf gcma, and for knives, kikotama,
kisuijambia, kijembe.)
Koto, a. form of -ote, all, agreeing
with D 8. As adv. kole, kotckott,
under all circumstances, everywhere,
on all sides.
Kovu, n. ( , and tna-\ scar,
mark of a wound or injury.
Ku (also kw before a vowel, and
sometimes k before o and u, e. g.
kwenda, koga, kote\ beside its inde-
pendent use, is a pf.x. used in verbs,
adjectives, a few nouns, and in the prep.
kwa (ku-a). (See follg/) Used indc-
ly, ku means ' is, are,' either
with purely general rt-ft
cumstances or cnvironmc :
there is,' or referring to an Ii
or noun beginning with kit-, e. g.
ku kwtma Uo, it is nice to-day;
kufa ku raAiri, dying is easy.
Ku-, >s ku- is used as
md as a sign of mood,
and of tense, (a) As a Per
ku (i) may have a purely
reference, c. g. kunani (kun<i
What is there? What is the t.
overcast
day). Ktttokc watu wast ma \vatn-
enck, let the grown-up people start
to go. Kulikuwa mtu, there was a
KU-
180
KTTBA
man. Kuna safari leo, there i
a journey to-day. (2) May refer to
an Infinitive or noun beginning with
ku-, e. g. kusafiri kumekivisha
travelling is over. (3) Is the objec
tive Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing., e. g. naku
penda, I love you. .Kwenda hukc
kulikufaa, going there did you good
And, with -eni following, the root ku
supplies one form of the objective
Pfx. of 2 Pers. Plur. Nakuambieni,
I tell you (people). (6) As a sign
of tense, ku, with the Negat. Pers.
Pfx. preceding it, is the sign of the
Past Tense of the Negat. Conjug.
e. g. sikujua, 1 did not know
Hazikupendwa, they have not been
liked. Kuja huku hakukukuku
mbusha, coming here did not remind
you. ' (c) Ku is the sign of the
Infin. Mood in all verbs, e. g. kuwa,
kwenda, kupenda, &c. (d~) Ku is
inserted, without specific meaning,
before the root of all monosyllabic
verbs (i. e. -fa, -cha, -la, -pa, -nya,
-j'a, -iva), and of some disyllabic
verbs occasionally (e. g. isha, uza,
oga, ota}, after all tense signs, except
a, ja, ka, ki, ku, nga (which alone
are capable of bearing an accent), e. g.
aliktifa, amckufa, ataptija, not alifa,
amepa,ataja. Obs. ku as Infinitive
sign is sometimes dropped, esp. when
a verb preceding and governing the
Infinitive is a semi-auxiliary, e. g.
nimekwisha pata (for kupata}, I have
got. Ataka fanya, he wants to do
it. Aenda tafuta, he goes to search.
2. In adjectives, ku- is the pfx. agree-
ing (a) with D 8 ; (b) like pangu
and mwangu, with nouns of the
Locative form, ending in -#*, e.g.
k-ukwaa kwdke nyumbani kwangu,
his sojourn in my house. 3. Ku is
also used, but only in connexion with
a few roots, to form (a) nouns, e. g.
kuzimu, the world of spirits, the state
or place of departed souls, k.umoja,
one kind, e. g. kazi zetu hazina kit-
moja, our work is not all of one
kind ; kushoto, the left-hand, as indi-
cating position generally ; kuume, the
right-hand position, also, the male
sex, kufce, the female sex, e. g.jamaa
ya kukeni, a relation, in the female
line, or, on the mother's side. Also
n. kule, that place (case, condition,
&c.), huku, and kwetu, our country,
home, as virtual nouns. (V) Ad-
verbs, e. g. upanga unakata kuwili,
.the sword cuts on both sides, is
double-edged. Kaa kushoto, sit on
the left. Also kule, there, huku,
here, kuku huku, just here. It is in
these advs. and in its use as a person-
pfx., that a positive demonstrative
meaning of ku appears, viz. as an
element denoting general reference
to circumstances, condition, state,
but esp. to locality, i.e. indicating
'circumstances under which ' or ' place
where ' something occurs. (c) The.
prep, kwa, i. e. ku-a. See -a. (Cf.'
ko, also /<z,/0, and mu, mo.}
Kua, v. grow, grow up, get large,
increase, become great, used of the
growth of men and animals (but ota,
mea, 'usual of plants, and similar
growths). Mtoto umhavyo ndivyo
akuavyo, as you bring a child up,
so he grows up. Ap. ku-lia,
-liwa, e.g. (i) grow up in (at, by,
for, &c.). E. g. mtoto huyu amekulia
hapa, this child has grown up here
(cf. kikulia). Also apparently (2)
be (too) great fox, be heavy to,
burden, be hard for, e. g. amekuliwa
kufanya kazi hit, he has found the
job too hard for him. Neno hili
limemkulia, kubwa, zito, the thing
is too much for him, it is big
and weighty (cf. -kulifu}. Cs.
kuza, kuzwa, make great, enlarge,
magnify, increase, glorify. E.g.
kuza Sultani, make the Sultan
aowerful. Muungu amekuza umri
wake, God has prolonged your life.
'Cf. -kuu, kubwa, tukuka, tukuza,
kikulia, ukulifu.}
Kuaheri, Kuaherini, good-bye,
adieu ! for kwa heri. See Heri.
*Kuba, n. vaulted roof, arched
KUBALI
181
KUKTJ
structure, cupola, dome. Dim. and
adv. kikuba. (Ar. Cf. zegc. Kuba
- >metiraes used for kubwa, great.
. guba, ghubba.}
*Kubali, v. accept, approve, ac-
knowledge, assent (to), agree (to),
welcome. Ps. kubaliwa. Nt.
kubalika, e.g. be acceptable, be
capable of acceptance. Nt. kubal-
ia, -iwa, accept from (about, at, &c.).<
Cs. kubali-sha, -thwa, force to accept,
procure acceptance by, win over,
persuade, &c. Rp. kubaliana,
e.g. be on good terms. (Cf.
kibali, ukubali, and syn. kiri, rithia,
ithini.}
Kubazi, n. (ma-), a plain kind of
sandal with no ornamental work.
(Cf. kiatu, nttatawanda.}
-kubwa, a. (kubwa with D 4 (P),
D5 (S),D6), sometimes pronounced
kuba, (i) great, big, large, spacious,
extensive, e.g. nyitmba k., a large
house; shamba k., an extensive estate,
large garden. A'tsu kikulnva, a large
knife. (2) Great in power (influence,
rank, importance, &c.), .important,
uificant. Bwana mkubwa, bibi
mkubwa, is a usual term of respectful
address or reference. Neno limeku~i>a
kubiva, halikataliki, the matter has
become urgent, it cannot be met with
a negative. Asiosikia mkubwa, huona
maJkubwa, he who disregards a
superior, generally finds serious con-
sequences. (3) Elder, oldest. /.
yangu mkubwa, my elder brother.
(4) -kubwa is used with a noun or
i another adjective simply to in 1
its meaning, as having a qua!:
a marked way or high degree, like
the adv. sana, c. p. twivi mkubwa,
a regular thief. Min huyu ni mlevi
mkubwa, this fellow is an utter
drunkard. Ob*, mkubwa (wa-} is
n used as a noun, superior,
manager, master, director, &c. (Ct
i and note on the comparative
meaning, also kua, tukuza, &c)
Kucha, v. (i) Infin. Act of -cha,
(a) fear, (4) dawn. See -cha. (a)
Verbal n. of cha, the dawn, morning,
all the night. See -cha. (3) Plur.
of ukucha, nails, claws, and some-
times sing, kucha (ina-\ of size.
Kuchewa, Kuchwa, Ps. forms
from kucha. See -cha, v.
*Kufuli, n. ( , and ///a-), a pad-,
lock. (Ar. Cf. kitasa.)
*Kufuru, v. (i ) treat with mockery
or contempt, revile, curse, and esp.
(a) with reference to religion, become
an unbeliever, apostatize, blaspheme,
commit sacrilege, renounce God.
Ps. kufuriwa. Nt. kufurika.
Ap. kufur-ia, -iwa. Cs. kufur-isha,
-tsA-wa,makc (consider, treat as, force
to be, urge to be, &c.) an unbeliever,
cause to blaspheme. (Ar. Cf.
ukufurui uka/iri, -kajiri.}
Kuguni, n. a hartebeest.
*Kuhani, n. (ma-}. See Kahini,
Mkohani. (Ar.)
Kuke, n. and Kuuko (from -ke t
like uke and kike, of sex, but more
generalized), the female kind, feminine
status or condition, used only in
a few adjectival phrases. J/>
kukf, the left hand, as the (usually)
weaker, also wa kike, but commonly
wa kushoto. Opp. to mkono iva
kuume. Kukeni, on the female side,
by the mother. Ujamaa wa kukcni,
relatives on the mother's side, in the
female line. Contr.
kike, female relatives. (Cf. -Xv,
and *.)
Kuko, (i) n. a. and ad-
there, that, there, e. g. bu
that is nice there. Kufiik .
kwafxndcsa, that way of coo.
<>ry. Kwcnda kuko, to go
yonder. So kwa kuko, -a kuJko.
Kuko h;, icre, on that spot.
:. form from ku, the ko
l>cing the form of reference, (t
kuko, and rttt, ,vc.) (a)
rm, there is there, theie is, it
is there.
Kuku, (i)n.afowl.n
wa (mwana wa, kinda Az) k., a
, also faranga, kifaranga.
-KUKUU
182
KTJMBATIA
Koo la k., a breeding fowl. (Ci.posa,
jogoo, jimbi. Dist. mkttku, keel.)
1^2) n. a. and adv., this here, this,
here, e. g. in the phrase kuku huku,
just here, in this very place. (Cf.
kuko, and ku-.}
-kukuu, a. (same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), I) 6), also -kuukuu, worn
out, old, past work, useless from age
or wear. (Cf. -kongwe, -chakafu,
-bovu.}
*Kulabu, n. a hook, hooked in-
strument, grapple, of various kinds.
Used for holding work in position,
e. g. by a tailor, blacksmith, and on
ship board, for fastening clothes, &c.
Akapeleka k.yake chini, he let down
his hook. Ulimi wangu umetiwa k.,
hauwezi kunena, my tongue has had
a hook put in it, it cannot speak.
(Ar. Cf. ndoana, kiopoo, upembo,
ngoe.}
Kule, used as (i) n. 'that' used
indefinitely, kule ni mbali, that is a
long way off. (2) A form of -le,
agreeing with Infin. or noun in ku~.
(3) adv. there, in (from, to) that
position, &c. Sometimes reduplicated
kule kule, just there. Also pronounced
knle-e-e-j the final vowel raised in
pitch and prolonged in proportion to
the distance indicated. (Cf. ku,
yule, and kuku, kuko, &c.)
Kulia, v. be great (too great) for,
be hard to, weigh on, depress, over-
whelm, &c. (Prob. appl. form of
kua, which see, and follg.)
-kulifu, a. (i) in Ps. sense, of
one who is easily tired, discouraged,
beaten, one who lacks grit (spirit,
perseverance), i.e. remiss.weak-kneed,
poor-spirited , &c. (Cf. kulia, kua,
and syn. -legcvu, -zembe.} But also
(a) in Act. sense, oppressive, burden-
some, tiresome, fatiguing. (Cf.
ukulifu, and ukatifu.}
Kuliko, relative verb-form, (i)
that which is, which is, referring to
D 8, e. g. knfa kuliko bora, the mode
of dying which is noble ; (a) where
there is, the ku of general reference
(see ku), e. g. peponi kuliko raha, in
Paradise where there is rest ; but (3)
esp. common in comparisons, ' than '
alter an adjective, ' where there is ' be-
ing equivalent to 'as compared with,'
e.g. yeye mkubwa kuliko ndtiguye,
he is bigger (taller, older) than his
brother ; also (4) in the general sense,
' as to, as regards,' e.g. kuliko bei ya
watunnua, as regards the slave traffic.
(See Ku, Li, Ko.) .
*Kulla, a. every, always preced-
ing its noun. (Ar. See Killa.)
Kululu, n. (ma-}, a large kind of
cowry, a tiger-cowry. So little valued
by the native that kupata kululu
means ' to get nothing worth having.'
Kulungu, n. a species of antelope.
Kuma, n. vagina. (Cf. uke.}
Kumba, v. (i) push, shove, press
against, jostle. Ps. kumbwa. Nt.
kumbika. Ap. kutnb-ia, -iwa. Cs.
kumb-iza, -izwa, -izia, e. g. push
off on to, transfer to. Adamu
alimkumbizia mkewe, Adam put it
off on his wife. Rp. kumbana,
jostle each other, hustle (cf. piga
kikumbo, and sukuma}. (2) Clear
out, take away all, make a clean
sweep (of), glean. Same derivatives
as above. E.g. walikumba biashara
yote ya tumbako, they monopolized
the whole traffic in tobacco. Mwivi
amenikttmbia malt, a thief has car-
ried off everything I had. Kumba
maji, bale out water. (Cf. komba,
and follg.)
Kumba, n. (i) -a kumba ktiniba,
miscellaneous, promiscuous, of all
and any sort. Safariya kumbakumba,
a caravan of any who could be got
together (a scratch lot) (cf. kumba,
v.). (2) Kuti la kumba, a whole
cocoanut leaf with the fronds plaited
all along each side of the central
rib. Used for light fences, and
enclosures, -back yards, &c. See
Kuti.
Kumbatia, v. clasp in the arms,
embrace. Ps. kumbatiwa. Nt. ku-
mbatika. Cs. kumbat-isha t -ishwa.
KTJMBE
183
KTJNA.
'ibatiana, embrace each other.
(Cf. shika, kamata, pambaja.}
Kumbe, adv. expressing astonish-
ment, pleasant or unpleasant sur-
prise, Lo and behold ! What do you
think ? For a wonder, all of a sudden.
Kurabi, n. (tna-} t also Kumvi,
Kumfi, the fibrous husk or sheath
of various plants, esp. of the cocoa-
nut, areca-nut, &c. Kumbi is used
collectively (i. e. of the material gene-
rally), but the plur. is commonly
used. Single fibres are called uzi
(pi. nyuzi . The husks are com-
monly buried in pits on the shore or
in a wet place, till the fibres are
loosened. They are then taken up,
beaten out, and cleaned, and called
makumbi ya usurnba. (Cf. kumvi,
ukumvi, prob. the same word, like
jambia, and jamvia^ &c.)
Kumbi, n. plur. of ukumbi, which
see.
Kumbikumbi, n. white ants in
the flying stage, when they first issue
in swarms from the ground. Used as
food. (Cf. nuhwa.}
Kumbo, n. devastation, depopula-
tion, wholesale destruction. (Cf.
kurnl>a, mkunibo^)
-kumbufu, a. having a good
memory, thoughtful. ((^{.kumbuka,
and -fahan:
Kumbuki, v. call to mind, re-
member, think of, bear in mind,
brood over, .til attention
directed usually to the past, or a
subject connected with it.
mbuha ulimwcngu, I am cor.
the situation. \\.kumbukwa. Ap.
t'a, -izua, direct the memory
(or, attention) to. Sikurtihu
not recall it. Amenikumbu .
cktutgu, he recollected my book for
i me of it. Cs. kumbu-
sha, -sh , put in mind (of).
(Cf./ahamu, of memory, and tambua,
\lso, kumbukumbu,
n/u.)
Kumbukumbu, n. (wa-), men-
tion, remembrance, men.
gift, souvenir, anything that recalls
another thing to mind. (Cf. prec.)
Kumbusho, Kumbuu. See
Ukumbusho, TJkumbuu.
Kumbwaya, n. a kind of drum
standing on feet. (Cf. ngoma.)
Kumbwe, n. (ma-\ a snack, a
mouthful of food, colloquial, kti-
rnbwe na kinyweo, something to eat
and drink. (A pass, form in e-,
from kumba^)
Kami, n. and a. (pi. ma-}, ten,
the highest simple numeral of B.
origin used in Swahili. Used of the
three divisions of a month, a decade.
kumi la kwanza (la katt, la kivisha),
the first (middle, last) decade, -a
kurni, tenth. (Cf. Ar. ashara.}
Kumoja, n. one kind. A'azi zetu
hazina k., our occupations are not
all of one kind. (Cf. umoja, and
for ku, kuzimu, kmhoto, kuke, &c.)
a. form of -tnoja, agrecii
D 8. adv. on one side, from
one point of view, i. e. fcva upande
mmoja, -kali kumoja^ with one
sharp edge.
Kumunta, Kumunto, n. in Z.
more usually kung'uta, kung'uto,
which see.
Kumvi, n. (rna- t also plur. of
ukumvi), husk or sheath of various
vegetable products, of maize, rice,
&C., i.e. k. la muhindi (enclosing the
car, suke), k. sa mpunga.
: h:t>a t kunttnu.}
Kuna, v. scratch. Used of allay-
ing irritation rather than of
tion or wounding (cf. papura, piga
maku(ha\ e. g. K. kichwa, scratch
the head ; k. ngcui, scratch tlu- s,kin.
Also of coarse grating, c. g.
.;--/, ^rate a cocoanut.
at from the shell with
the instrument calle<l r;
kunwa (dist. Xx/wyr/'a, to
Ap. tun-ia, -iwo,
e. g. mbuzi ya kunia nasi, a cocoa-
nut grater. Cs. kun-isha, -ishwa.
<;<ina. (Cf. mi-tin, .
KUNA
184
KUNGWE
Kuna, verb-form, (i) there is,
there are (ku of general reference,
cf. ku, mna, pana) ; (2) it has, they
have, ku agreeing with D 8. The
negative form hakuna is one of the
commonest expressions for a simple
negative, ' there is not, nothing, no.'
Kuna nini (or kunani} ? What is
there ? What is the matter ? Kunako,
there is (there), that is so, in refer-
ence to the query kuna ? Kufa kuna
maumivu, death involves suffering.
Kuna supplies one way of expressing
abstract existence. Kuna muungu ?
Is there a God? Does God exist?
Kunaye, He exists. Also kunaye
may mean ' it depends on him (it is
with him).' (See Ku and Na.)
Kunazi, n. (ma-), the small edible
fruit of the tree mkunazi, which see.
Kunda, n. (ma-), a green vege-
table like spinach (Str.).
Kundaa, v. be short, stunted,
small of stature. (Cf. via.")
Kunde,n.plur. oiukunde, a kind of
bean, produced by the plant mkunde,
which see.
Kundi, n. (ma-\ a number of
things (usually living things) together,
crowd, troop, group, flock, herd,
swarm, &c. Makundi makundi, in
troops, in large bodies, in masses.
Kunga, v. used of various pro-
cesses of sewing, hem, make a border,
trim, embroider, e. g. kunga mshono,
make a stitched seam on band;
k. nguo, put a border, trimming, or
stitched edge to a cloth. K. utepe, with
similar meaning. Ps. kungwa. Ap.
kung-ia, -iwa. (Cf. shona,pinda.)
Kunga, n. sometimes Kinga,
(i). a secret, wile, subterfuge, trick,
device, e. g. k. za moyo, secret
thoughts, private reflections. Mtumi
iva k. haambiwi maana, he who con-
veys a secret message is not told
its meaning. Kazi haifai ilia kwa
k., work is no good, unless you have
been taught the art. (2) Esp.
of confidential and private instruction
on matters unfit for open mention,
e. g. sexual subjects, called some-
times malango, rudiments, or kunga
za mwituni (za nvumbani, za ja-
ndoni, and ngungwi, ? nkungwi).
Hence (3) shameful things, what
causes shame. (Cf. mkunga,
some, siri, msiri, and perh. bun/a.)
Kungu, n. (i) also Ukungu, mist,
fog, haze (cf. ukungu, uwande,
wingu). (2) An edible stone-fruit
from the tree mkungu. The stone
contains a kernel, of which children
are fond (cf. mkungu}. Kungu
manga, nutmeg, lit. the Arabian kungu
(cf. manga), fruit of the mkungu
manga. (3) Confidential adviser,
esp. an older friend who gives advice
to unmarried women, and makes all
arrangements for them at the time of
marriage, receiving various fees and
presents from the bridegroom for so
doing. (Cf. kunga, mkungwa,
kungwe.)
Kunguni, n. a bug.
Kunguru, n. (ma-'}, (i) a carrion
crow, black, with white on the neck
and shoulders ; (2) a kind of calico,
made at Cutch.
Kung'uta, v. (i) shake out,
shake off sift, winnow ; (2) test
severely, scrutinize, examine. E. g.
k. mavumbi (mvua), shake off dust
(rain). Jikung^uta, shake oneself.
K. mabawa, shake out the feathers,
of a bird basking in the sun. Waka-
lipeleka jamvi uani wakaikunguta,
they took the carpet to the yard,
and gave it a shaking. Ps. kung"-
ut-wa. Nt. kungutika, Ap.
kungut-ia, -iwa. Cs. kung'ut-
isha, -ishwa. (Cf. kung'uto,
chunga, pepeta. The word kumunta
is also heard, but not usual in Z., and
kumutika, fig. be shaken, be alert,
expectant, agitated, e.g. roho yake
inamkumutika.)
Kung'uto, n. (ma-), a basket
used as a sieve, strainer, or for tossing
and winnowing grain. (Cf. kikapo,
and kiteo, tunga.}
Kungwe, n. (ma-). See Mkunga.
KUNI
185
KUPE
Kuni, n. plur. of ukitni, firewood.
(See TTkuni, and cf. kumt.)
Kunja, v. fold, wrap up, crease,
wrinkle, tumble, make a mess of.
E. g. k. :;', wind up thread. Kunja-
kunja uzi, tangle the thread. A', uso,
knit the brow, frown. K. mabawa,
fold the wings. Jikunja, shrink,
cower, flinch (cf. kunyata . AY-
su cha kukunja, a clasp-knife.
Ps. kunjwa. Nt. kunjika, e.g.
be folded, be easy to fold, admit
of folding. Ap. kunj-ia, -iwa,
e.g. wrap up for (with, in, &c.).
Cs. kunj-isha, -ishwa. Rp. ku-
njana, e. g. nguo imekunjana kwa
ufcfo, the calico (which was laid out
smooth) has been ruffled up by the
wind. (Cf. follg. and kunjua,
finya, and perh. kunga.)
Kunjamana, v. be folded, wrinkled,
creased. E. g. k. uso, knit the brows,
frown, so uso umekunjamana.
(Cf. prec. and -mana.)
Kunjo, n. (ma-), fold, wrinkle,
crease. E. g. makunjo ya tnshipi,
the folds of a fishiug-linc. (Cf.
kunja, and /*//<#.)
Kunjua, v. Rv. of kunja, unfold,
unwrap, smooth out, spread open.
A', nguo, lay out clothes. K. mt'guu,
stretch the legs out. K. uso, smooth
the brow, smile, look pleased. Ji-
kunjua, IK- cordial, be n;
Nt. kunjuka.
(Cf. -kunja, kunjufu.')
-kunjufu, a. (same with I) 4 (P),
>), open, serene, un-
clouded, genial, amiable, merry.
. m kunjufu, a genial man. So
uso (face), moyo (temper).
(Cf. kunjua, kunja, ukunjufu.)
Kuno, n. (ma-), what is ]>roduced
:ng, scrap. Ma-
' ya tiazi, grated cocoannt.
:ma v., mkuno.}
Kunrathi, v. a common phrase of
polite apology, pardon me, excuse
.
Often strengthened by sand. Ku-
nrathi sana, with your kind
sion, I humbly beg pardon. ( Arab.
Imperat. kun rathi, be content, but
in conimon use. Cf. equivalent uwe
(or mive) rathi, and rathi, rithi,
utafathali.}
Kununu, n. (n;a-\ kununu la
mawelt, an empty husk or spike of a
kind of millet. (Cf. fcumvi, kapi t
wishwa.}
Kunyata, v. draw together, cause
to shrink, compress. Seldom occurs
except with Kf. j'i, in the sense,
cower, shrink together, esp. as an
attitude of fear, pain, or supplication.
Jikunyata katna maskini, humble
oneself like a beggar. Jik. kwa
baridi, be doubled up with cold.
Jik. uso, have an offended, disgusted
look. (Cf. kunja uso.)
Kunyua, v. (i) scratch at, give
a scratch to, e. g. to hurt, or to
attract notice; (a) call by a secret
sign, give a private hint to, &c.
K. kidolc, hurt the finger by a
scratch, implying more than the
simple kuna, scratch. Ps. kunyu-
liwa. Nt. kunyuka, c. g. kunyuka
na tnti, get scratched by a tree m
passing by it. (Cf. kttna,papura,
piga mtai.}
Kuo, n. (ma-), (i) furrow, trench,
hollow, hole, i.e. made by hollow-
ing out. Makuo ya kanku, holes
scratched by fowls. Usually (2)
a bed or row of seedlings, &c. (3)
A plot of ground marked CM
furrow or line drawn on the :;
and given to a man to cultivate (cf.
nfwe, same marked 1
Hence nyosha k., mark out a ;
; oMfftM (pungu&a) k., enlarge
(reduce) a plantation. (Cf. mkuo t
and syn. shimo, handaki, m/uo.)
Kupaa, n. (ma-}, also Kupa, (i)
the two side-pieces :
a policy (kapi, gofia) <
sheave (roda) (cf. korodani
? cheek-bone, cheek-piece.
Kupo, n. a tick, on cattle.
&C. A'r/w.J /-w/r .'<J ^-
ombc, like a tick and a cow's
KUPUA
186
KUTI
.of things adhering closely. (Cf.
kama pete na kidole, like a ring and
a finger.)
Kupua, v. shake out, shake off,
throw off, let fall, drop on the ground
(by a push, jerk, &c.). E.g. k. nguo,
throw off clothes. K. imbu, drive
off mosquitoes. Ps. kupuliwa.
Nt. kupuka, e.g. fig. be cast off, be
a fugitive (outcast). Hence kupukia.
Ap. kupu-lia,-liwa. Cs. kupu-sha,
-shwa. (Cf. kung'uta, nikupuo.)
*Kura, n. a lot, i.e. as in casting
lots. Piga kura, cast lots. (Ar.)
Euro, n. also Koru, Kuru, a
water-buck.
*Kurubia, Kurubisha, v. See
Karibia, Karibisria.
Kusa, v. Cs. of kuta, i. e. kutisha
or kusha, kusa, cause to meet, bring
on. Nimemkusa mashaka, I have
got him into trouble. See Kuta.
Kusanya, v. collect, gather to-
gether, bring together, assemble,
amass, make a pile or heap of. E.g.
k. watu, collect people. K. jeshi,
form an army. K. mail, amass
wealth. Ps. kusanywa. Nt. ku-
sanyika. Ap. kusany-ia, -iwa.
Rp. kusanyana, e.g. meet together
by common consent. (Cf. kusany-
iko, mkusanyo, kuta, kttsa.}
Kushoto, n. and adv., the left side,
the left-hand position. Mkono wa
k., the left-hand, as opp. to mkono
wa kuume (wa kulia]. Kaa kusho-
toni, sit on the left side. (Cf. ku,
and kumoja, kuzimu, kuke, &c.)
Kusi, n. southerly wind, south
monsoon, prevailing at Z. from May
to Oct. Hence also of the season,
and of the southerly direction. Ku-
sini, the south quarter, to (from, in
the south, -a kusini, of the south
southerly. Contr. kaskazi, the north
wind, &c. (Cf. Ar. suheli, coast
used of Africa, i. e. south of Arabia
and hence ' south.')
*Kusudi, v. also Kasidi, intend
purpose, propose, design, aim at
usually in the Ap. form kusudia
vith same sense. Kusudia safari,
resolve on an expedition. A".
kwenda, intend to go. Ps. kusud-
'wa. Nt. kusudika. Cs. kusitd-
'sha, -ishwa. n. (ma-} } inten-
ion, purpose, aim, object, end. A'-wa
k., on purpose, intentionally, de-
iberately, wilfully (cf. kwa moyo,
kwa nafsi\ Also as adv., kusudi,
and makusudi, like kwa kusudi. And
as conj. with Infin. or Subjunct., ' on
purpose to, in order that (to), with
lie object of,' e. g. akaondoka kusudi
aende (or, kwenda} Ulaya, he started
with the intention of going to Europe.
(Cf. syn. shauri, maana, nia, mradi.}
Kuta, v. come upon, meet (with),
chance on, hit on, find. Nalimkuta
hawezi (hayuko), I found him ill
(absent). Kuta mashaka, meet with
^experience) difficulties. Ps. kittiva.
Nt. kutika. Ap. kut-ia, -iwa, e. g.
mauti imemkutia, death came upon
him, or amekutiwa na mauti. Cs.
kutisha, or kusha, kusa, cause to
come on, bring upon, involve in.
Hence kut-ishia, -ishiwa,kushia, &c.
Rp, kutana, meet together, assemble,
gather, collect, hold a meeting, be
crowded (cf. kusanya, songa, bar-
izi). Jeshi limekutana, the crowd
is dense. Hence kutanika, be as-
sembled, meet. Also kutan-ia, -iwa,
meet for (at, by, in, &c.). Cs.
kutanisha, cause to meet, hold a
meeting (of). (Cf. mkutano.}
Kuta, n. plur. of ukuta (which
see), walls.
Kuti, n. (ma-}, (i) a cocoanut
leaf, whether green or dry; (a) a
cocoanut leaf prepared for use in
different ways, e.g. (a) kuti la kumba
(and fumba], the whole leaf, with
the Ironds on either side simply
plaited together, used in forming
light fences, enclosures, shelters of
any kind ; () kuti la pande, with
the fronds all plaited together on one
side, similarly used ; (c) kuti la viungo,
lengths of the leaf -rib (upongoo)
(or of stick) about three feet long
KTJTU
187
-KUZA
with all the fronds attached to it and
brought to one side. These form
the usual roofing material of native
houses in Z., and are a regular article
of sale. (Cf. mnazi, and kikuti,
Kutu, n. rust, or anything re-
sembling it, a discoloration, &c.
K. ya shaba, verdigris. K. ya mwezi,
the shaded or darker parts of the moon.
Kutua, v. give a jerk to, pull
suddenly, cause a shock to. K.
kamba,}tiV a rope. Nt. kutuka, e.g.
fig. be shaken, startled, frightened,
shocked, &c. Cs. kutu-sha, -shwa,
startle, frighten, &c. (Cf. kupua,
also situka, tuka, &c.)
-kuu, a. (same with D 4 (P), D 5
(S), D 6}, great. Seldom simply
' big,' i.e. of merely physical size or
material greatness, but implying some
moral or sentimental element of pre-
eminence, authority, and excellence.
-kubwa, on the other hand, means
' big, large, extensive,' though also
used to include and denote the natural
effects of great size, i.e. authority,
weight, influence, impressiveness.
Thus (i) 'great, powerful, having
natural or representative authority,'
&c. /-' a com-
mon contrast, ' old and young, great
and small ' (also wakubwa kwa wa-
dogo}. Cf. mkuu as n., chief, master,
king (as also mkulnva, n., and in
: stories the rabbit (sungura)
is called the mkuu wa nyama, or
nyama mkuu, king of I>eas,
theelc; i be described as the
nyama mknbwa, largest of animals.
Bustani kuu, a great (grand, fine)
i. Obs. kiazi kikuu, yam,
often of great si?c in Kast Africa, (a)
eminent, high- claw, ex-
.' (3) Ov<
;, excessive,
unnatural, outrageous, beyond the
proper bounds of decorum (self-con-
trol, human nature).' K.g. mancno
oast ful words.
Taka ma kuu, aim too high, be over-
ambitious. Piga makuu, give one-
self airs, be arrogant, make a great
show. Hana makuu, he is an un-
assuming, civil spoken, humble per-
son, sometimes in contrast to -kuu
in other senses, e.g. makuu mcngila-
kini hana makuu, he has many great
qualities, but he never makes too
much of them. (Cf. -kubwa, kua,
kuza, &c.)
Kuume, n. (from -me, like ume,
and kiume, of sex, but more genera-
lized), (i) the male kind (status, con-
dition) ; (a) right-hand side, right-
hand. Used (like kuke) only in a
few adjectival and adverbial phrases.
Mtu hnyu ni ndugu yangu wa kuu-
:mi, this man is a relation of
mine on the father's side. Mkono wa
kunwe, the right-hand (also mkono wa
kulia, the hand used in eating, opp.
to mkono wa kusholo'}. A'uii knit-
meni, sit on the right-hand side.
Wa kuume haukati wa kushoto, the
right hand does not cut the left.
^Cf. ku, and kushoto, kumoja, ku-
zirnu, and follg.)
Kuvuli, n. mkono wa kuvuli, the
right-hand, for mkono wa kuume,
which is usual in Z. (Cf. prec.)
Kuwa, v. Infin. of wa, be (which
l>e, being, existence. Can be
nsc(l of pure existence cf. J
kuwa, as a title of (io-1, the 1
One, the Self-existing.)
Kuwili. n. and adv., the double
kind, in a double way, in l\v
A'isn kikali kuwili, a knife with two
edges. Ana: .as two
names. (Cf. kit, and kumoja,
kuume, &C.)
Kuyu, n. See Mkuyu
Kuea, v. Intin. (i) Cs. <
make great (a) C/sa, sell, for kuuta.
(3) Uza for ultza, ask.
-kuaa, a. (same with D 4 fP),
D 5 (S), and D 6), well
1, of things capable of
v fine cat. (<
KUZI
188
KWAKE
Kuzi, n. (rna)-, also Kusi, an
earthenware pitcher or jug, larger
than gudulia, with handle or handles
and narrow neck. (Cf. mtungi,
chombo^]
Kuzimu, n. state (place, condition)
of departed spirits of the dead, the
grave, the lower world. Enda kuzi-
muni, die and be buried. Chungulia
k., look into the other world, i.e. be
at death's door, have one foot in the
grave. K. kuna mambo, the world
of spirits has its wonders. (Cf.
mzimu, and perh. wazimu, also
zima, zimwe, and for the form ku,
and syn. ahera, peponi, huko.}
Kw-, as a pfx. before vowels, is
for ku-, which see.
Kwa, prep, (ku combined with
the variable prepositional element -a,
which see). This is the most com-
mon and comprehensive of the few
Swahili prepositions, so compre-
hensive as to cover most of the
meanings of the % other common
prepositions, i.e. -a, na, and katika.
Subject to the few limitations charac-
teristic of each of these (see -a, Na,
Katika), kwa can be represented ac-
cording to the context by ' to, in, at,
from, by, for, with, on account of, in
respect of, as to,' and indeed almost
any preposition denoting relations of
time, place, motion, object, instru-
ment, and condition generally. Kwa
is seldom used, however, of the Agent
proper, or of comparative nearness
or distance (see Na), nor of relations
which may be called adjectival
(see -a). E. g. toka kwa, come
from (or, out of) ; kaa kwa, remain
at ; enda kwa, go to. Ua kwa mkuki,
kill with a spear. Kwa nini? For
what? Why? Kwa sababu ya, be-
cause of, by reason of. Kwa habari
hizi, at (about, on account of) these
news. Wait kwa mchuzi, rice with
gravy. Mia kwa tano, five per cent.
Wangwana kwa watumwa, gentry,
slaves and all. Andika kwa ki-
swahili, write in Swahili. Kwa
haraka, in haste, hastily. Kwa kivi,
thus. Kwa with a noun, commonly
a name, following, often denotes a
single object or idea, e.g. kwa
Mponda, Mponda's town. Kwa
mfalme, the chief's house. Hence
katika is sometimes used with it, e.g.
katika kwa nduguye, from (at, to)
his brother's house. Kwa is rarely
used with Personal Pronouns, the
corresponding form of the adjective,
i.e. kwangu, kwako, kwake, &c. , being
substituted, unless some special
meaning is intended, e.g. asiycona
kwa yeye, akionywa haoni, he who
does not see of himself does not see
if he is shown. (Cf. -a, katika, na.}
Kwa, form of the prep, -a (which
see) agreeing (i) with D 8, (2) with
locatives ending in -ni, e.g. nyu-
mbani kwa nduguye, in (to, from) his
brother's house.
Kwaa, v. (i) strike the foot
(against an object), stumble, knock,
be stopped by a sudden obstacle ;
(a) fig. falter, hesitate, be brought to
a stop or check, get into a difficulty.
K. najiwe, orjiweni, knock the foot
against a stone. Heri kukwaa kidole
kuliko kukwaa ulimi, better to
stumble with the toe than the tongue.
Ap. kwalia, kwaia, rarely heard.
Mkwaia nyoka, aonapo ukuti hushi-
tuka, a man who has stumbled over
a snake, starts if he sees a switch
(cocoanut frond). Cs. kwa-za,
-zu>a, cause to stumble, make diffi-
culties for, &c. Also intens. dau
limekwaza mawcni, the boat struck
hard on the rocks. (But ? cf. kwa-
za for kwaruza.} Kp. kwazana,
knock against each other. (Cf.
kwaza, kwama } kwao or kwayo,
kwazo.}
Kwaje, adv. interrog. (kwa je ?)
How? In what way? 'By what
means? What do you mean?
Kwaje hufanya hivi? How is it you
do this? i.e. why, or in what way.
Kwake, (i) n. (ku-ake) his (hers,
its) circumstances (position, house,
KWAKO
180
KWAO
&c.). (a) adv. idiomatic equivalent
of kwa ycyt, to (from, at, with) him
(her, it), to his house, &c. (3) Form
of a. -ake, agreeing with D 8 and
locatives in -ni. (Cf. ku t -ake }
and kwangu^)
Kwako, n. adv. and adj., same as
kwake, but relating to 2 Pers. Sing.,
i. c. U'l-'cc, you. (Cf. -ako.)
Kwale, n. partridge, including
several species.
Kwama, v. St. of kwaa, (i) become
jammed, stick fast, come to a dead-
lock, be gripped, be squeezed ; (a) fig.
be in a fix, get into a difficulty. Ap.
kwam-ia, -iwa. Cs. kwam-iska,
-ishu'a, cause to jam, make stick fast,
put in a difficulty, &c. J//i huu
umenikwamisha mkono, this tree has
pot my hand fixed in it (Cf. kwaa,
kwaza, kwamua, and syn. shikika,
i, naswa, kamatwa.)
Kwaraba, conj.(>fr-aw&z, saying),
of very general meaning, and trans-
latable according to the context de-
fining the particular sense of ' saying,'
intended, e.g. (i) (stating) that, so
to say, also ya kwamba; (a) (sup-
posing) if, as if, suppose, even if;
jecting) though. It is also
used, though not commonly in '/,.,
after the relative formed with amba,
c. g. ambaye kwamba, who, ot a
person, ambalo Awamba, which, &c.,
and with similar indefinite D
in the phrase Kwarnbaji { H ow is it ?
A'wambajt kwako? How are you?
(Cf. kama, ya kuwa, and ice Amba,
Arabia.)
Kwamua, v. Rv. of kwama, kwaa,
get out of a tight place, set I:
i. ( C f. kwama, kwaa t and
< i, tatua.}
Kwangu, u angu\ my
circumstances (coi.
Kwangu
rosperous, my sur-
ngs are beautiful, &c. (a)
adv. (! '/!), to (with, from,
c, at (in, to, from, 3cc.) my
house. Twende kiuangu, let us go
to my house. (3) a. agreeing with
D 8, and locatives in -;;*'. Kufa
fcwangu, my dying. Nyumbani
kwangu, to my house. (So kwako,
kwake, kwctu, kivtnu, kwao?)
Kwangua, v. scrape, remove a
coating, crust, or anything adhering
(solid or liquid), e.g. k. matope, clean
mud off (boots, &c.). K. chun^u,
scrape the burnt rice off the bottom
of a cooking pot. K. kucha, pare
the nails. A', tna/t, scrape up a
remnant of water in a pit. Ap.
kwangu-lia^-liwa. (No v. kwanga
in use. Cf. komba, paruza.}
Kwani, (i) adv. interrog. for Kwa
nini? What for? \Vhy? For what
reason ? (cf. mbona, kwaje). (a) conj.
for, because (cf. kwa sababu, kwa
maatta, kwa ajili, kwa kuwa.)
Kwanua, v. and Kwanyua, tear
down, rip (split, strip) off, e.g. of
branches, leaves, fruit. Ps. kwanu-
liwa. Nt. kwanyuka, e.g. panda
ya mti imekwanyuka kwa mtii mzito,
the fork of the tree was split down
by a heavy man. Ap. kwanyu-lia,
liwa. (Cf. nyakua^pasua^ rarua,
aatbua.)
Kwanza, Infin. of an
but often as adv., at the beginning,
at firt, firstly, in the first place.
Also ya ., often followed by ya
/i/i, secondly, ya tattt, thirdly, -a
k. t first, best. Ngoja i
(before actii;. (Cf.
wanto, chanzo, and syn. Ar.
a wali.}
Kwao, (i) n. (ku-ao), th<
cnmstanccs, their place (c
home), &c.
waza kwao, this woman is thinking
about her native country, is ho;
(a) adv. to (from, with) them.
kuswa kwao hana pa kwenda, an out-
cast from his own people has i.
to go. (3) a. their, form of HW,
agreein. 9 and local
(Cf. kwangU) and X-M, woo.)
Kwao, n. (ma-j, also Kwayo,
KWAPA
190
KWEUPE
stumbling-block, obstruction to the
feet, difficulty. Njia ya kwao, a
rough road, stony path. (Cf. kiuaa,
mgogoro, zuio, kwaruza.}
Kwapa, n. (ma-\ armpit. Futika
(chukua} kwapani, tuck (carry) under
the arm. Kisibau cha kivapa, a
sleeveless waistcoat. (Cf. ki-
kwapa.}
Kwaruza, v. (i) scrape, grate,
whether of action, movement (scrape
along, move with difficulty), or sound
(be harsh, be grating) ; (2) grate, be
of a coarse, gritty, rough kind. E. g.
chombo kimekwaruza mwamba, the
vessel has grazed a rock. Mchele huu
unakwaruza watu,'ihis rice is gritty
to the taste. Njia ya kukwaruza, a
rough, stony road. (Cf. mkwaruzo,
paruza, para, kwangua, and perh.
kwaa,kwaza, and contr. lainikajaini.
K-waza appears sometimes to be a
short form of kwaruza, \fiih kwazana
for kwaruzana, e.g. madau yana-
kwazana, the boats are colliding,
scraping against each other.)
-kwasi, a. rich, wealthy, opulent.
(Cf. ukwasi, and syn. tajiri, mivenyi
malt, contr. maskini,f^lkara.} ,
Kwata, n. and Kwato, Ukwato,
hoof. Piga k., kick, of an animal.
(Cf. piga teke.}
Kwayo, n. (ma-}. See Kwao, n.
Kwaza, v. Cs. of kwaa, and ? for
kwaruza (which see).
Kwea, v. go up, get on the (op of,
mount, climb, ascend, rise, e.g. k.
ntnazi, or mnazini, climb a cocoanut
tree; k. mlima (frasi), mount a hill
(a horse) ; k. chombo, get on board a
vessel. Ps. kwelewa. Nt. kwe-
leka. Ap. kwelea, e. g. kamba ya
kukwelea, a cord to climb with. So
kwel-eza, -eziva. Cs. kweza, cause
to go up, set up, raise, put one thing
on another. Kweza mashua, haul
a boat high on the beach. Kweza
bei, raise the price of an article.
Vitu vimekwezwa, things have been
- raised in price. Kweza maturuma
ya duara, set the spokes in a wheel.
Kweza nguo, lift the dress. Jikweza,
boast, vaunt oneself. Hence kwezana.
Rp. kweana. (Cf. 'kwezi, ukwezi,
and follg., and syn. panda, also tnua,
simamisha?)
Kwelea, n. kwelea ya mawimbi,
mawimbi ya kwelea, a swell, rolling
waves, as dist. from breakers. (Cf.
kwea, and wimbi.'}
Kweli, n. and adv., truth, truthful-
ness, reality, genuineness, certainty.
Kwa kweli si kwa ubishi, seriously,
not in fun. Kweli iliyo uchungu si
uivongoulio tamu, an unpleasing truth
is better than a pleasing falsehood.
-a kweli, true, truthful, genuine.
As adv., truly, really, certainly,
genuinely (cf. hakika, yakini, halisi}.
Kweme, n. seed of a plant
mkweme, very rich in oil.
Kwenda, (i) v. Infin. of enda
(ku-endd], to go; (2) used as adv.,
perhaps, possibly, I dare say, it may
be. Kwenda akaja leo, perhaps he
comes to-day. (Cf. enda, huenda,
and syn. labuda, yamkini.}
Kwenu, (i) n. (ku-enu\ your cir-
cumstances, place, country, home.
(2) adv. (for kwa ninyi}, to you, to
your house. (3) a. form of -enu,-
agreeing with kupenda and nouns in
-ni. (Cf. kwangit, and ku, -cnu.}
Kwenyi, form of -enyi, which
see. Often used as equivalent of
kwa, e.g. of time, kwenyi Ijnmaa,
on Friday. (So mwenyi, penyi.}
Kwetu, n. adv. and a., in same
uses as kwenu, and kwangu, i.e. our
circumstances, to us, our. The com-
mon expression for ' my (our) country,
my home.' (Cf. kwangu, ku, -ctu.}
Kweu, n. sometimes for the usual
kweupe, clearness, dawn , light. Mbele
kweu na nyuma kweu, brightness be-
fore and behind. (Cf. follg.)
Kweupe, n. (ku-eupe), brightness,
whiteness, clearness, dawn, light, clear
space, fine weather. Kuna kweupe,
it is dawn, it is fine. (Cf. -eupe,
eua, weupe, and kweu, and syn. kitcha,
dawn, contr. kweusi, giza, ttsiku.)
KWEZI
191
LA
-kwezi, a. creeping, climbing, e.g.
of a plant. (Cf. kwca, ukwezi,
also tambaa, -tambaazi.)
Kwikwe, n. hiccup. Kwikwe wa
kulia, convulsive sobbing (cf. kite-
futefu, kikeukeu).
Kwisha, Infin. of isha, used as
(i) n. ending, the end, extreme; (2)
adv. finally, at last, in the end. -a
kwisha, last, extreme, best, worst.
(Cf. mwisho, isha, kiisha, and simi-
lar use of kwanza. Syn. for end,
kikomo, hatima, ahfri.)
"L represents the same sound as in
English.
This sound is interchangeable in
most Swahili words of Bantu origin
with that of a smooth untrilled r, and
often in words from Arab sources.
Hence words not found under L
may be looked for under A'.
On the other hand, the indiscrimi-
nate use of /and r makes many words
of different meanings indistini;ui*h-
able, and in some cases is carefully
avoided, e.g. in the case of the initial
sound of any word, and especially of
/-, /a, / as a formative syllable or
prefix, and the dcm. a. -le.
The / sound is generally latent in
the long sound denoted by a vowel
written twice, and sometimes heard
(as in kindred dialects). In some
words it is evanescent, e. g. mlango or
-, a door ; ufalme or ufaumc,
dominion.
After a formative , / (and r) are
represented by d, as in ndtfu, for
nlefu (nrtfu).
as a pfx. of verbs a:
. Ijs. agrees with D 5 (S), e.g.
kasha lililo lake li zito, his box is
. (a) is the characteristic letter
of the
tance, yule, 6cc. (Cf. ~U, n:
La, v. (i) eat, consume, of food
generally (cf. chatula); (a) use, use
as ma-
terial, time, &c.,cf. tumia, chukua);
(3) wear away, diminish, spend (ma-
terials, means, money). (The In-
finitive form kula is used as the root
form in certain tenses, as is the case
with other monosyllabic verb-roots.
See ku, i. (</) and ja.) Mlajini mla
ho, mla jana kalani? The eater of
to-day is the man who eats, the eater
of yesterday, what has he eaten ?
Rarely la is used as the imperative,
e.g. vyakula hivi la, eat this food.
Itakula fetha (saa nzima, siku
nyingf), it will take money (a whole
hour, several days). Ps. li'wa, be
eaten, &c. Nt. lika, be eaten, &c.,
be eatable, be fit for food. Jhvt
limeli-wa na kamba, the stone has
been worn away by the rope. Kitu
hiki hakiliki, this substance is not
edible. Chuma inalika, iron rusts
away. Ap. /ia, liana, tr\t. \-c. for
(with, in, &c.), e.g. mkono wa kulia,
the eating hand, the right hand.
Chumba cha knlia, a dining room,
refectory. Kijiko cha kulia, a spoon
to eat with. Amemlia
wake, he has eaten up his friend's
rice for him. Jilia, eat selfishly (for
his own purposes, &c.), e. g. mwana
anifjilia mali ya babayc, the son has
:ns tathci's ^i.ods (like a fool,
wilfully). Tumcliana siku zotc, we
ways had our meals together.
'i, e.g. eat each other, all join
in eating. Cs. lisha, lish-^
(i) cause to ( rp 'animals,
c, i.e. liiha kuku
(ngombe, mbuzf\, keep fowls (cows,
goats).
cows on grass. Lisha ufxinga viungo,
glut the sword with (dead
limbs. Wanalisha miwa kinunt,
they feed the sugar-cane* into the
mill. wse, feed
kulungu alisha majani^ the .n
browses on grass (
malisho, thunpi)- 'it-ska,
make to cat, feed with, e.g.
liskisha mmit. n<l
(Cf. mh, mla, mhji, ulaj,,
u/aj!.)
LA
102
LALAMA
*La, int. no, not so, by no means.
(Ar. Cf. la ilaha ilia Allah, no
God but the God, and syn. sio, sivyo,
hakuna, hapana, kasha.)
-la, a. eating, feeding on, con-
suming, verbal a. of /a, v.
*Laana, n. (ma-), a curse, impre-
cation, oath. (Ar. Cf. uapo,
kiapo, apizo.)
*Laani, v. curse, swear (at), damn.
Ps. laaniwa. Nt. laanika. Cs.
laani-sha, -shiva, cause to curse, get
cursed, bring a curse on. (Ar.
Cf. -laanifu, laana, apa.)
*-laanifu, a. (same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), (i) given to cursing;
(2) accursed. (Ar. Cf. ulaanifu,
laana, maletmi.)
*Labeka, int. See Lebeka.
*Labuda, adv. often Idbuda, labda,
perhaps, it seems so, no doubt,
probably, possibly. (Ar. la-bttddi,
there is no escape. Cf. buddi, and
syn. yamkiniy yawezekana, huenda,
kwenda.)
*Ladu, n. a sweetmeat made up
in balls, consisting of flour or fine
grain mixed with treacle, ginger,
pepper, &c.
Laika, n. (ma-), also Ulaika,
a short, downy hair, as on the hands
and human body generally. Also
' down ' of birds. (Cf. uele, ttnyoya,
and dist. Ar. malaika, an angel.)
*Laini, a. and -lainifu, (i) of
things, smooth, supple, soft, pliable,
of delicate texture, thin, delicate,
fine (cf. -ororo, -embamba). (2) Of
persons, facile, gentle, good-hu-
moured (cf. -pole, taratibu). Nguo
/., smooth, fine cloth. Mchanga /.,
fine sand. (Ar. Also as v.,
smoothen, but usu. as follg.)
*Lainika, v. (i) be smoothed,
be made smooth ; (2) fig. be soft-
ened, be appeased. Ps. lainiwa.
Cs. laini-sha, -shiva, make smooth,
&c. (Ar. Cf. taint.)
*Laiti, int. Oh that, if only, would
that, esp. of regret for what is past or
impossible, and then used with verbs
in the Past or Conditional Tenses.
But also of hope, with the Present.
E.g. laiti safari ingalikwisha !
would that the journey had come
to an end ! Laiti (kwambd) tivali-
fikajana ! would that we had arrived
yesterday ! (Ar.)
Lake, a. form of -ake, his, hers,
her, its, agreeing with D 5 (S).
Sometimes in the form -le affixed to
a noun, e. g. nenole, his word.
*Laki, v. meet, go to meet, esp.
in a friendly, complimentary, way.
(Ar. Cf. pokea, kuta.)
*Lakini, conj. but, yet, however,
nevertheless. (Ar. Cf. walakini.)
*Lakki, n. and a., a hundred
thousand, a lac. (Ar.)
Lako, a. form of -ako, your,
yours, agreeing with D 5 (S). Some-
times in the form -lo affixed to a noun,
e. g.jtnalo, your name.
Lala, v. (i) lie, lie down, go to
bed; (2) sleep, go to sleep; (3)
settle down, fall, collapse; (4) lie
flat, be spread out, be horizontal.
Also lala usingizi, go to sleep.
Nyumba imelala chini^ the house
has fallen down. Inchi yote yalala
sa-wasawa, the whole country is a
flat plain. filala, rest oneself, take
a siesta. Chumba chake cha kulala
(or alicholala), his bed-room. Ap.
lalia, laliwa, lalika, laliana. Lalia
matanga, sleep in the house of mourn-
ing. Hakulaliki nyumbani kiva
hari, there is no sleeping indoors
from the heat. Mtu wa kulalia
nyumba, a night-watchman, a care-
taker. Mkeka mpya usiolaliwa, a
new mat which has never been slept
upon. Hence falisha, lalishwa.
Cs. taza, laziva, lazia. E. g. cause to
lie down, put to bed, lay flat or hori-
zontal. Rp. lalana, sleep at each
other's houses, be on familiar terms.
Lala (with objective pfxs., i.e. as
act.), laza, and lalana are used of
sexual intercourse. (Cf. for sleep,
sinzia ; for tt& t pumzika, jinyosha.)
Lalama, v. ask for mercy (of),
LAMBA
193
LEGEA
make an appeal (to), cry out. M-
mlalama ivali apate kupona
nafsi yakf, the thief throws himself
on the governor's mercy to save his
life. Ps. lalam-iwa. Nt. /a/a-
mika, be made to appeal for mercy,
be reduced to submission, be beaten,
and so, beg for mercy, cry out for
quarter. Ap. lalamia, e. g. mdeni
alimlalamia mwenyimali, the debtor
threw himself on the mercy of the
money-lender. Cs. talam-isha,
-ishwa, make cry out, bring to terms,
force to confess. (Cf. omba, kiri,
MMMM.)
Lamba, v. also Ramba, lick, lick
up with the tongue. L. makombo
ya saJiani, lick up the scraps on the
plate. Ps. laminva. llaulambwi
mkono mtupu, an empty hand is not
licked. Nt. lambika. Ap.
i, -iwa. Lambiiva damu
mkononi, have the blood licked off
the hand. Cs. lamb-isha, -iskwa,
Rp. lambana. (Cf. ulambilambi,}
*Lami, n. pitch, tar.
Lango, n.(wa-), (i ) city gate, large
fitc. gateway ; (2) malango is used
of secret instruction given to ^irls
and hoys on growing up. (Cf.
mlango, kilango^ and ki<
Langu, a. form of -angu, my,
mine, agreeing with D 5 (S). (Cf.
/- and -angu.)
Lao, a. form of -ao, their, theirs,
X with D 5 (S). (Cf. /-,
and -ao.)
Lap a, v. finish off hastily, eat up
ismiss promptly. (Not
common in Z. Cf. kula kwa pupa!)
Laurnu, v. reproach, find fault
with, reprove, upbraid, blame
with a crime, accuK. Ps
Cs. lattm-ishii, -ishwa,
ke sharply. Rp.
n. (ma-), reproach,
;>roof.
rtea, rw<#.)
Laaimu. v. lc obligatory (on),
be a necessity (to), be binding (on),
bind, make responsible, put pressure
on. Sheria, imemlazimu tnfaltnc, the
law has bound (condemned) the king.
Tunakiitazimu wee, we make you
responsible. Ps. lazimiu<a, be
bound, be under obligation, be re-
sponsible, &c. Ap. tazim-ia, -iwa.
Cs. lazini'iska, -ishwa, intens. put
strong pressure on, force, compel.
Jilazimisha na, devote oneself to,
accept full responsibility for. n.
also Lazima, Lazim, necessity,
obligation, engagement, surety, bail,
responsibility. E. g. chukua /., bail,
go bail. A"i l.juuyako, it is obliga-
tory on you. Si I., commonly means
an absolute prohibition, i.e. it is im-
perative (obligatory, &c.) not to.
Si 1. kuiiigia tidani, usipopiga hodi,
you must never enter a house without
saying ' hodi.' (Ar. Cf. shard,
farathi, bidi, JH
-le, final, (i) characteristic of a.
demonstr. 'that' (see Yule) ; (a)
sometimes a contraction for lake,
e. g. jinale, his name (cf. -lo for
lakd)\ (3) subjunct. mood of -/a,
v. eat.
Lea, v. bring up, rear, nurse, edu-
cate. Mtoto itmUavyo, ndivyo akua~
vyo, as you bring up a child, so he
grows up. Ps. Inva, c. g. ame-
lewa vema, he has been well brought
up. (Cf. mlfzi, nialezi, and dist.
i e drunk.)
Lebasi, n. and Libasi, clothes,
. wearing apparel.
Ifbasi ya kiarabu, all kinds of Arab
clothes. (Arab. Cf. nguo, ma-
vati.)
Lebka, int. and Label
your senrice, Yes, sir (madan
answer to a call, Coming ! I am
A common reply of a slave
o a master's call, and
: onounced ebbt, or simply &/.
I am at your ter-
inshallah, tt.
bismilla, &c.)
Legea, v. Bagea is .-.'
(i) be loose (slack, relaxed, soft,
-LEGEFU
104
LEVUKA
pliable) ; (a) be faint (weak, remiss
flag, yield, give in. E.g. of th
body, effect of illness, hunger, ex
haustion, &c. or of a rope, &c
Cs. leg-eza, -ezwa, -ezea, loosen
slacken, exhaust, cause to yield, &c
(Cf. -legefu, mlegeo,fungua, thoofika
and dist. Ar. regea or reject, return,
unless legea is orig. go back.)
-legefu, a. (same with D 4 (P)
D 5 (S), D 6), slack, relaxed, weak
soft, yielding, remiss, inattentive
idle. (Cf. legea, ulegefu, and cf
thaifu, -zembe, -vivu.}
*Lehemu, v. solder, apply solder
repair with solder. Ps. lehemiwa
Nt. lehemika. Ap. lehem-ia, -iwa
Cs. lehem-isha, -ishwa. n. also
Lihamu, solder. Tia /., appl\
solder. (Ar.)
Lekea, v. also Elekea, which
see, also for derivatives, lekeza, le-
keana, &c.
Lema, n. (i) a variant of dema
a wicker fish-trap (see Dema). (2)
a. occasional form of -ema, good,
agreeing with D 5 (S), i. e. following
the analogy of the pronominal adjec-
tives (like -ote, -enye, and a few
other adjectives).
Lemaa, n. defect, deformity, dis
figurement, blemish, mutilation.
enyi lemaa, deformed, maimed,
crippled, &c. (Cf. follg. and
kilema}
Lemaza, v. Cs. maim, mutilate,
disfigure, &c. (Cf. lemaa, kilema.}
Lemea, v. sometimes Elemea (cf.
lekea, eleked], (i) press forward, go
on steadily, push on ; (2) press upon,
rest heavily on, lie on the top of; (3)
oppress, be burdensome, discom-
mode. E. g. ttizidi kulemea mbele,
let us press on faster. Mzigo una-
mlemea, his load is a heavy one.
Kasha lililemea juu ya kasha, one
box rested on another. Nalilemea
njia, I pressed hard on the road,
i.e. I walked fast. Ps. lemewa,
be burdened, be oppressed, &c. Cs.
lem-eza, -ezwa, e. g. pile up, place a
load on, and so, oppress, burden.
Hence lemezana. Rp. lemeana, lie
on (lean on, rest against, press) each
other. (Cf.pagaa.}
Lenga, v. Lenga muhogo, cut cas-
sava in slices.
Lengelenge, n. (ma-}, a blister.
Fanya (toka, tokwa no) malcngelenge,
to get blistered.
Lenu, a. form of -enu, your,
yours (plur.), agreeing with D
(S). (Cf. -/and-*;/*.)
Leo, n. and adv., to-day, this day,
the present time. Also siku ya leo,
to-day. Leo hivi, this very day.
Si leo, not to-day, long ago. Si -a
leo, old, out of date.
Lepe, n. (ma-} , or Leppe, Lepee,
drowsiness, faintness, a heavy slum-
berous condition. Z. la usingizi,
sleepiness, drowsiness. Fanya /., be
drowsy. Huyti ni lepee, this man is
drowsy, hard to rouse.
Leso, n. ( , and ma-}, handker-
chief, of printed calico, often worn
round the neck or on the head. L.
ya upande mmoja, the ' scarf of com-
merce, one piece forming a kanga,
.e. a woman's dress. Z. ya ktt-
shona, handkerchief, two pieces of
hree handkerchiefs each being sewn
ogether to make a kanga.
Leta, v. bring, fetch, supply, cause
o come to where a person is, thus
upplying a Cs. of -ja, come. Ps.
a. Nt. rarely heard, leteka.
Ap. let-ea, -ewa, -eana. Letewa,
have (a thing) brought to. Wali-
etewa chakula, they were brought
ood. Leteana barua, exchange let-
ers, correspond. Cs. let-esha,
eshwa, -eza, -ezwa. Rp. letana.
f. chukua, peleka}
Letu, a. form of-etu, our, ours,
greeing with D 5 (S). (Cf. / and
enu.}
-levi, a. drunken, intoxicated,
iven to drinking. (Cf. levya,
"wa, levuka, ulevi, kileo, and -lafi
om -la.}
Levuka, v. get sober, become
LEVYA
195
LIMA
sober, become steady in manner,
gait, &c. a Rv. Nt.'form. (Cf.
prec and Uwa.}
Levya, v. make drunk, intoxicate,
cause to reel, make stagger, make
giddy. Jilevya, make oneself drunk,
get intoxicated. Also Rd. levya-
Icvya. a Cs. form in -ya t cf. ponya.
(Cf. prec.)
Lewa, v. be drunk (giddy, intoxi-
cated), stagger, sway, reel, wave to
and fro. Lrwa k-wa pombe, be drunk
on native beer. Lewa kwa bahari, of
the effects of sea-sickness, be giddy.
Dau lalewa, of a boat on a rough
sea, roll and pitch. Also Rd. letva-
lewa, reel and stagger. (Cf. Itvya,
Uvuka, -fan, ulevi, kileo, and dist.
lew a, Ps. of lea, rear, educate.)
Li, verb-form, (it) is, agreeing
with D 5 (S), c. g. kasha li zito, the
box is heavy.
Li-, -li, (i) verb- and pron. a.
pfx.,- agreeing with D 5 (S), e.g.
ulichukue kasha tile, carry that box.
(2) sign of Past Tense Affirmative,
and also with a-, i. e. -a/*'-, and
forms part of the Past Conditional
Tense sign, -ngali-. (3) verb- form
representing sometimes (and in some
other Uantu dialects regularly) the
present Tense of wa, be, with or with-
out a prefixed, bat not used to denote
absolute existence, c. g. nili (na/i), I
am, nikali, and I am. AH, he is.
It is regularly used in connexion with
the relative, i.e. aliye, he who is, not
awaye -ca/t\i, they who are, not
wawao\ /i/i/0, that which is, not
liwalo.
Lia, v. (i) sound, make a sound
(the most general word for sound
of any kind, in animate or inanimate
nature) ; (a) utter a cry, cry ont (for
joy, sorrow, pain, &c.) ; (3^ monrn,
weep. Chutna yalia, iron has a
rin. Panalia wast, the place sounds
hollow. Ndege ana/ia, the bird is
singing. Bunduki zalia, guns are
>fT soumlinp . Lia machoti,
shed tears, c -'ca (uvrivu),
cry from passion (jealousy). Ap.
lilia, liliiva, cry to (for, at, with,
&c. , sound in harmony with, &c.
Liliwa, be mourned for, &c. Jililia,
l>ewail oneself. Cs. liza, lizwa,
tizana, cause to sound, make cry,
cause (or, be the occasion of ) crying.
Lizana, weep together, weep over
each other. Liza bwiduki, fire off a
gun. Jiliza, pretend to cry, sham
sorrow, shed mock tears. Rp.
liana, e. g. of harmonious, concerted
sounds, or general mourning, &c.
(Cf. mlio, kilio, and sauti, vuma,
imba, n^tiruma, &c.)
*Libasi, n. See Lebasi. (Arab.)
Licha, conj. and licha ya, prep,
let alone, not to say, much more
".. g. sikupata robo nwja,
licha realf, I did not get a shilling,
not to mention (much less) a dollar.
Licha ya haya, hatta :
baya, apart from these, there are
other bad points. Licha taivi lilio-
iva, hatta bichi liko, not to mention
ripe bunches, there are unripe too.
Licha ya ndege moja, hatta tvote
ntakupa, one bird is nothing, I will
give you all of them.
*Lihamu, n. solder. Sec Le-
hemu. (Ar.)
*Lijamu. n. bit (of a horse).
Scruji na lijamu na vigwe, saddle,
hit, and reins. (Ar.)
Lika, v. Nt. of la, eat (which see).
Likisa, v. ( i) give leave (respite,
relief, holiday) to, release, 1'
(2) dismiss, send away, make go, not
allow to stay. Thus //</.
may mean (i) give a boy a holidny,
or (a) wean a child (cf. a, his ha}.
:~.wa. A: . -iwa.
. i<ha, -i<fi:,\j. K;
ana. (Cf. ondcsha, nthusu, achi-
sha, chtus ha.}
Lima, v. hoe, the only
mode of cultivation, hence ^
>. ork land.' Ps. limwa.
Nt. limika, e. g. be fit for cult
arable. A
jtmbt la kulimi\i, a hoe to <l
o a
-LIMAJI
196
Cs. lim-isha, -ishwa, -ishia, &c.,
e. g. of the overseer (msimamizi), get
hoeing done, or of the Mahommedan
minister (mwaUmu), give permission
to begin hoeing. (Cf. follg. and
mlnno, mkulima, kilimo.}
-limaji, a. engaged in agriculture.
Mlimaji, same as mkulima. (Cf
lima.}
Limatia, v. be delayed, remain
behind, be late, be too long. Safari
inalimatia, the expedition is delayed.
Ps. limatiwa. Cs. limat-isha, -ishwa.
(Seldom in Z. Cf. syn. kawia, che-
lewa, siri}
Limau, n. (ma-}, a lemon, fruit of
the mlimau.
Limbika, v. (i) allow time for,
wait for; ( 2 ) keep from, let remain,
reserve, economize, put aside (in
store) ; (3) bear with, be patient to,
show consideration for. E.g. li-
mbika maji, wait for water, at an
exhausted or slow-running well. Z.
ndizi (faint), wait for bananas (coffee)
to ripen. Z. nyele, let the hair grow.
Z. maneno, to answer slowly, de-
liberately. Z. watzt, not to overwork
people, treat with consideration.
Ps. limbikwa, e. g. nazi hulimbikwa
juu ya mnazi hatta zikakauka, the
cocoanuts are left on the tree till
quite dry, i.e. when wanted for seed.
Ap. limbik-ia, -iwa, e.g. amelimbikia
ivaloto malt, he has reserved (laid up)
money for his children. (Cf. follg.)
Limbiko, n. (ma-}, anything re
served, put away in store, hoard,
reserve. (Cf. limbika, and follg.,
and syn. akiba.}
Limbuka, v. come to an end of
waiting for, get the result of waiting
(care, consideration, prudence), enjoy
a looked-for advantage, have a first
taste of pleasure deferred, enjoy the
first-fruits, get the benefit of, use for
the first time. E.g. watu wanali-
mbuka leo vitu vya mwaka, people
are now beginning to enjoy the year's
produce. Kwenda kulimbuka katika
shamba lake, go to enjoy the first-
LINGA
fruits of his estate. Ps. limlmkiva.
Ap. hmbuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. limbit-sha,
-shwa, e.g. reward waiting, give a
foretaste of, satisfy hope deferred,
yield the wished-for result, answer
expectations. (Cf. limbika, and
follg.)
Limbuko, n. (ma-}, first-fruits,
reward of waiting, fulfilment of hope,
foretaste of reward. (Cf. prec.) '
-limi, a. talkative, chatting, long-
winded. (Cf. ulimi, tongue, and
mwenyi domo.}
Linda, v. (i) defend, protect,
guard, watch, keep safe ; (2) keep off,
fend off, guard against, watch for.
E.g. angeuawa, lakini Muungu ame-
mlinda, he would have been killed,
but God protected him. Jilinde,
nami ntakulinda, defend yourself and
I will defend you. Linda kingojo
ndege wasile matunda, keep watch
lest birds eat the fruit. Mlinzi hu-
linda ndege, the watchman watches
against the birds. Mke mzuri hali-
ndwi, a pretty woman is not driven
away, or, is not (easily) kept safe.
Ps. lindwa. Nt. Kndika. A p.
hnd-ia, -iwa, e.g. nimemlindia sha-
mba lake, I have guarded his planta-
tion for him. Cs. lind-isha, -ishwa.
Rp. lindana. (Cf. mlinzi, Undo,
uhnzi. )
Lindi, n. (ma-}, a deep place,
deep channel, hole, esp. in water,
the sea. Also /. la choo, cesspool.
(There is a town called Lindi on the
coast south of Zanzibar, another Ma-
lindi (or Melindi} north, and a dis-
trict of Zanzibar city is also called
Malindi.}
Lindo, n. (ma-}, a watching-place,
station, post (to guard). (Cf. linda,
and kingojo}
Linga, v. (i) make equal, put side
by side, match, compare, suit, level,
smooth, straighten, harmonize; (2)
be equal, be like, suit, harmonize, fit.
Z. bunduki, level a gun, take aim
(cf. elekeza}. Z. nguo, try on clothes,
be measured for clothes. L.kichwa,
-LINGANIFU
107
LOWA
of a movement in dancing, bending
the head forward and sweeping round.
pia wamelinga kiatu hiki y
:ie has tried on this shoe, of
Cinderella's slipper. Ps. lingtua,
Nt. lingika. Ap. ling-ia, -t'wa.
Kp. littgana, e.g. match, be like,
be level, harmonize, also, make a
suitable reply. Also linganya, li-
nganisha, ? linganyua. (Cf. -/*-
fit.)
-linganifu, a. (same with D4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), agreeing, matched,
similar, suitable, harmonious, regular.
(Cf. linga, ulinganifu?)
Linganya, v. Cs. of Linga (which
see , e.g. suit, match, harmonize, tune
(an instrument).
Lini, adv. interrog., When? At
what time ? -oakatigani 1
saa ngapi ? siku ipi .')
Lio, n. (ma-', sound, loud cry,
shout, roar, loud wailing. Malio ya
kiko, the bubbling sound of a native
pipe (with a water-bowl). (Cf. Ha,
m/io, kilio.)
Lipa, v. (i) pay, give in payment,
repay, make a return for, recompense,
sate, reward ; (2) have to pay,
tor). Lipa deni, pay a debt.
Nikulipc numa yako uliyonitendta,
let me pay back your kindness to
me. Lipa kisasi, suffer vengeance,
also, take vengeance, i.e. pay back.
lifika. A p. lip-
-ia, -iwa, pay to (for, on behalf of,
Ac.), avenge. Cs. lip-isha, -isAwa,
wa, -izana, make pay, exact
:i from, (Jvc. I ipiza kisasi,
take vengeance on. Jilt pita, pay
oneself by force, take as one's due,
- h tisaji, avenge oneself on.
'Cf. Hpo, It;
Li pi/ , forced payment,
exaction, vengeance. (Cf. Ufa,
Lipo, n. (ma-), payment, recom-
pense, reven^ /'A>0
*Lisani. n. tongue, flap, used of
the Map under the owning of a '
in fro:
*Lisasi, n. ( , and ma-), also
Risasi, (i) lead (the metal); (a)
a bullet. (Cf. malisaa, popoo.)
Liwa, n. sweet-scented wood
brought from Madagascar, like san-
dal-wood. It is giated, mixed with
water, and used as a perfume. (Cf.
sandali, mliwa.)
*Liwali, n. (ma-), also "Wali,
governor, headman, i.e. the Arab
official representing the Sultan of
Zanzibar, or supreme government.
(Ar. il wali, changed to liwali, cf.
Liza, v. (i) cause to buy, induce
to buy, sell to, e.g. mbona rcatu
utunoaliza . ? Why are you getting
people to buy? (seems to be conn.
with nza, sell, as if for nliza, see
uza). (a) Cs. of //a, cause to sound,
make cry.
Liza, n. ( ), door chain. See
Riza.
Lo, a. relative, agreeing with D 5
rS), 'which, that.' Seldom used in-
dependently except in such a phrase
as kasha lo hte, any box whatsoever.
Hakufanya (ticno) lo lote, he did
nothing at all. (Cf. /, and -<?.)
-lo, a. (i) short form of lako,
appended sometimes to D 5 (S), e.g.
jinalo, your name, i.e. jina lako.
Also (2 -vhich,that.
ing with D 5 (S), netts
the word which he spoke.
Lo, Loo, int. of pleasure, \\
horror, &e., the r feeling
by the ii
prolongation of the vowel sound.
Loa, -loefu. Sec Lowa, -lo-
we-fu.
Loga, v. bewitch, use enchant-
ment oo, place under a spell or charm.
P. logwa. (Cf. ugattga, nchawi,
mwanga, and pagata.)
Loo Lo.
Lowa, v. and Loa, get v
soaked (drenched, saturated), be
damp. Nt. lowtka, (i) get
same as Iowa, and (a) make wet,
drench, souse, e.g. loweka ,<,.-.
LOWAMA
198
M
clothes to soak. Ps. lowekwa, be
wetted, drenched, soaked, &c. Cs.
low-esha, -eshwa. Rp. lowana, i. e.
all get wet together. (Both the
and w sounds are evanescent, and so
oa, oeka, oana may be heard. Cf.
follg. and tia maji, rutubisha, cho-
vya.)
Lowama, v. be in a wet condition,
be soaked, &c., and Ap. lowamia.
Cs. lowamisha. (A St. form. Cf.
Iowa, and follg.)
-lowefu, a. and -loefu (same with
D 4 (P), D 5 (S), D 6), wet, moist,
damp, soaking. Fanya gundi ilo-
weke katika maji hatta ilowame, let
the gum be steeped in water, till it is
thoroughly soaked. (Cf. Iowa, and
syn. maji maji } chepe chepe, -a ru-
tuba.)
*Lozi, n. (ma-), an almond, from
the tree mlozi.
Luba, n. a leech. See Mruba.
*Lugha, n. language, speech. Z.
ya kiunguja na kimvita ni mbali
kidogo, the language of Zanzibar and
Mombasa differ slightly. (Ar. Cf.
syn. maneno, and use of *-.)
Lulu, n. a pearl. Kuzamia /.,
to dive for pearls. Bora kama /., as
beautiful as a pearl. As a type of
perfection, /. is playfully used in salu-
tation. Hujambo kama lulu? Are
you as well, as a pearl (is beautiful)?
(Cf. for gems, kito, almasi,firuzi, &c.)
Lungu, n. (ma-). See Kungu.
Lungula, v. and Rungula, treat
with violence, extort money from,
blackmail, threaten, rob. Not often
heard in Z. (Cf. mlungula, hongo,
ny an/ any a.)
*Luth.tha, n. taste, flavour, savour.
(Ar. Cf. utamu.)
M.
M represents the same sound as in
English. But beside this purely
consonantal sound, it includes also
a semi-vowel sound, very common in
Svvahili, capable of bearing an accent
and so of being treated as a distinct
syllable. This semi-vowel sound
might be represented in many words
by writing m with a tt preceding or
following, i.e. mu-, urn-. But the
vocalization of m is in Zanzibar so
slight, and yet so characteristic, that
mw- is best written for mu- before a
vowel, and m written m\ when it is
necessary to indicate its distinct
syllabic character, a necessity, how-
ever, which does not occur very often
in practice. Thus the m is strictly
the same in mtoto and mtu, mtini
and mti, but as in Swahili the accent
always falls on the last syllable but
one, the m in mtoto and mtini has
little more than a consonantal force,
and the words may be scanned as
disyllables, while in mtu, mti, m
has a distinct syllabic force suffi-
ciently shown by the form of the
word and ordinary rules of Svvahili
pronunciation. On the other hand,
m may well be written ni in words
like amka, alinfpa, &c., and mu in
words like muhogo, muhindi (which
see).
M (like k, and the vowel a) is one
of the commonest and most character-
istic sounds of the Swahili language,
owing to its wide use as a formative
in Swahili generally, and also , in
Arabic words adopted and adapted
for Swahili use, and though some-
what un-English it is not difficult
for a foreigner to become accustomed
to. In the Arabic words common in
Swahili, m, mti, and ma generally
point to verbal nouns of time, place,
&c. or to the participles formed with
m, their accidental similarity to
common Bantu forms helping to their
adoption and adaptation, even when
the original force of the Arab, for-
mative is disregarded. E.g. the
names Muhamadi (or Mhamadi},
Mabruki, and mathbuha, mathbahu,
&c. It is so common as a formative
of verbal nouns, that it is impossible
to give in this Dictionary all such
nouns, actual or potential, in Swahili.
199
MA-
Many must therefore be looked for,
if not found under #/, tnw- (or the
other common pfxs. ma-, nib-}, under
the letter next following, where at least
the root-meaning may be indicated.
M, as a simple independent sylla-
ble, is a verb-form '(you) are,' used
like other person prefixes for *,
agreeing with the Pronoun of a
ur. e. t;. ninyi m watu wazuri,
you are fine people.
M (or mw- before a vowel, and in
some words mu-} is, as a formative
A. of nouns, (i) the characteristic
initial sound (properly semi-vocal,
but often practically consonantal, as
noticed above) of D I (S), D 2 (S),
and of adjectives agreeing with them
other than pronominal (which as a
role begin with w, Le. , not mu,
e. g. mtu wangu, mti wenyewe). The
omission of m before words of these
declensions has the effect of trans-
ferring them to D $, usually giving
them an amplificative meaning,
(a) a formative of verbal nouns,
prefixed at pleasure to any verbal
stem, act. or pass., and forms a noun
denoting I. a personal agent (or
patient) and (a) if the final vowel of
the ver changed, the noun
is so completely verbal as usually
to govern a noun following, e. g. m/a
watu, a cannibal, but (!>} if such
final Towel is changed to -t, -i, ur
has -ji affixed, the noon is a true noun,
-< often indicating a passive force,
habitual agent, e.g. mneni,
mkate. a. If the final
.s -o, the noon denotes an
action or thing acting, not a personal
Cf. mshindo, mwansa, mtu-
*g*ko % &c.
i adjectives, a prefix agreeing
(i) with D 3 (S), D 4 (S), e.ff. mtu
i (but obs. that in
adj. attjfu, -ako, &c.,
w (for ) takes the place of m
and also in the adj. -off,
i agrcemci
Da(S .
and (2) with nouns ending with the
locative -ni, when indicating place
or circumstances within which some-
thing happens, e. g. nyumbani mwa-
ngu, in my house. It is also prefixed
to adjectives (3) with the same
general force as ku, e. g. mzuri humo,
like kuziiri huko, it is nice there.
Afwenyi (or kwenyi) saa mo/a, at one
(seven) o'clock, in one hour.
C. In verbs, (i) subjective pfx.
of the 2 Pers. Plur., and occasionally,
with -ni affixed to the verb, objective
of the same, e.g. mwapenda, you
love, ampcndani, he loves you, (2)
objective pfx. of 3 Pers. S. agreeing
with D i (S), and also (3) subjective
of the same, when the reference is to
environment generally or place in
particular, like ku and pa, e.g.
mnamo, there is (in) there, and mna,
there is (in) there. Mnanuka humo,
there is a smell in there.
Obs. adjectives are as a rule in this
Dictionary placed under the first
letter of their root. But a number
of adjectives practically confined by
their meaning to I) i are also for con-
venience given under m, as their most
common singular form, and as often
used of persons without any noun,
and so practically nouns themselves.
(Cf. mo, mu, mwa, and ku,pa?)
Ma-, as an initial syllable i. is
in most words of Arabic origin the
Arabic formative of verbal nouns and
participles, but from its idem.
:s sometimes treated I
M the B. formath
plur. of D 5 (cf. same tendency as to
the formative i, e. g. '
vitabu). a. as a formative proper
.li, ma- is (a) tl.
and of adjectives n.
with them (other than pronominal
i-s these having y- foi
(6) a plur. jfx. denoting what is
large of it* kind. Thu>
have practically two plurals, express*
rent degrees of sixe
portancc, e. g. fete, as D 6, is a ring
-MA
200
MAANDAMANO
of moderate or ordinary size, plur.
pete ; but pete, plur. mapete, rings of
unusual size (cf. the dim. kipete, a
small ring, plur. vipete). (c) the
plur. pfx. of most foreign words,
even when the singular is treated
as D i, e.g. sultani, plur. masultani.
(d) used with some adjectival roots
with the meaning usually conveyed
by the prefix u, e. g. makali ya
upanga, the sharpness (or, edge) of
a sword ; mapana ya mti, the thick-
ness (girth, diameter) of a tree ;
makuu, pride ; and cf. usumbuo, (ac-
tive) annoyance; masumbuo, annoy-
ing acts, and, when these are regarded
collectively, ' annoyance ' in general,
like the sing. (e) as the plur. pfx.
of nouns, which in the sing, usually
occur as D 4, and some of these
nouns have accordingly two plurals.
In this case, ma- (i) often denotes
concrete instances of what is in the
sing, usually abstract, e. g. uamkizi,
visiting in general ; maamkizi, par-
ticular visits. (2) as a plur. pfx. of
verbal nouns from an act. or pass,
stem, e.g. masifu, masifiwa,matakwa,
but the corresponding sing, is not
used. It may also (3) refer to rela-
tive size, cf. (/>) above. Obs. (i)
the prefix ma- when followed by e, i,
or o, coalesces with it to form, an e
sound, e. g. makasha mettpe(ina-etipe),
mengi (ina-ingi), meroro (ma-eroro).
( 2) the words given under ma- in this
Dictionary are mainly either (a) of
Arabic origin and form, or (6) used
only or mostly in the plur., or (c)
used in plur. with a meaning some-
what different from that of the sing.,
or (d} of unusual meaning. Words
beginning with ma-, not found under
ma-, may be looked for under the
letter following ma-, or under u fol-
lowed by that letter.
-ma (-ama) is the characteristic
termination of what may be called
the Stative form or conjugation of the
Swahili verb, denoting a relatively
permanent state or condition, e. g.
kwama, simania, fumbana, tnama,
&c. See also -mana, -ama.
*Maabudu, n. an object (objects)
of worship. (Ar. Ci.abudu,ibada.)
*Maadam, conj. (i) when, while,
since ; (a) since, if, seeing that, be-
cause. E. g. maddam amtaka, when
(as long as) he wants him. Maddam
ya kufika wewe huku, since your ar-
rival here. (Arab., not often heard.
Cf. wakati wa, and -po.)
*Maafikano, n. plur. (i) agree-
ment, contract, bargain, settlement;
(2) mutual understanding (respect,
esteem). Nina maafikano naye, I am
on good terms with him. (Cf.
afiki, mwafaka, and syn. maagano,
mkataba.}
*Maakuli, n., and Makuli, vic-
tuals, food. (Arab. Cf. syn.^a/C-w/a.)
*Maalum, a. well-known, recog-
nized, true. (Arab. Cf. elimu.}
Maamkio, Maamkizi, n. plur.,
visits, acts of visiting. (Cf. am'ka,
zuru.}
*Maamuma, n. an utter fool,
blockhead, simpleton, ignoramus.
(? Ar. Cf. syn. mjinga, mshenzi,
kafiri. )
Maamuzi, n. plur., and Maam'zi,
judgement, arbitration, verdict. (Cf.
amua, mwamuzi, and syn. hukumu.}
*Maana, n. (i) cause, reason,
sake, consideration ; (2) meaning,
import, purpose, intention ; (3) rea-
sonableness, sobriety, sense. E. g.
kwa maana (ya}, because (of), on
account of, for the sake of, consider-
ing (that). Tia maanani, keep in
mind, ponder, reflect on. Maneno
ya m., statements of importance.
Waume wenyi m., manly, sensible
persons. Asiojua maana, haambiwi
waana, he who does not know the
meaning will not be told it. Often
(4) as conj., because, in order to (that).
Maandalio, n. plur., preparation,
esp. of food, cooking and serving
a meal. (Cf. andaa, iiandao, ma-
andast.}
Maandamano, Maandamizi, n.
MAANDASI
201
MACHWA
plur., a following, train, procession.
(Cf. andamana.}
Maandasi, n. plur., used of any
kind of confectionery, and sweet
cooked dishes, e. g. pastry, pies,
tarts, puddings, jams, cakes, buns,
&c. Various kinds are bumunda,
ladtt, kitiimbna, mkate wa kuntimina
(tea kttsonga, wa sinia, tva tambi,
tva rrw/a}, nyang'amba, &c. M.
ya rnayai, an omelette. Sinia ya
maandasiy a tray for sweetmeats.
(Cf. andaa, and prec.)
Maandikio, n. plur., place (time,
manner, &c.) of putting ready, pre-
paration, arrangement, esp. of serving
up meals. (Cf. andika, mwandishi^
&c., and follg.)
Maandiko, n. plur., (i) setting in
order, arranging, putting ready ; (a)
things set in order, arrangements, &c. ;
(3) **? things written, writings, re-
port, description. (Cf. andika,
mwandiko, and mkono.}
Maandishi, n. plur., like maand-
iko, but esp. of preparing and serv-
ing food, food served, &c. Also of
writing, handwriting. (Cf. prec.)
Maanga, a. Maji niaanga, clear,
transparent water. (Cf. -angafu,
anga, &c.)
Maangaliei, n. plur., careful at-
tention, //a.)
Maangamisi, n. plur., utter ruin,
destruction, collapse. M. ya kesho,
ruin in the next v. il dam-
(Cf. anffamia.')
Maanguko, n. plur., fall, collapse,
fallen remains, ruins. A/, ya ma/i,
cataract, cascade, waterfall. (Cf.
anguka.}
Maao, n. plur., and Maawio.
Maao ya jtta (i. e. ntawao, cf. waa),
sunrise, the orient, east (cf. macho ya
/Ma). (In Z. mashariki is usual.)
Maapizo, n. plur.. imprecations,
curses, denunciations. (<
*Maarifa, n. knowledge, i:
tclligence, news. Mambo ni
maarifa, si ngtevu, the world is ruled
by knowledge, not by force. (Ar.
Cf. arifu, taarifu, and follg., and
syn. elimu, busara, a&ili.}
*Maarufu, a. kno\vn, celebrated,
famous. (Ar. Cf. prec,)
*Maasi, n. any repudiation of obli-
gation (duty, right), i.e. disobedience,
rebellion, mutiny, disloyalty, apos-
tasy, desertion of wife or children,
&c. (Cf. asi, uasi, and syn. halifit,
thnlumu.}
Maawio, n. plur. See Maao.
*Maazimu, n. a loan, a debt.
(Ar. Cf. azirnti, kopa, and syn. dent,
karatha?)
*Mabruki, n. a common Swahili
name, meaning blessed. (Ar. Cf.
bariki) mbaraka?)
*Maburudisho, Maburudu, n.
recreation, refreshment, relief. (Ar.
Cf. baridi, buntdisha!)
*Machela, n. litter, palanquin,
sling or hammock for carrying a
person. (Cf. /.)
Macheleo, n. plur. objects of fear
(reverence, awe). (Cf. cha> \
and a/a.)
Macheo, n. plur. for machwco.
Macheo ya jtta, sunset, the west.
(In Z. magaribi is usual. Cf. c ha, v.,
and tnachwa.)
Machinjo, n. plur. slaughter,
massacre, place of slaughter. Also
machinjioy slaughter-house. (Cf.
chinja.}
Macho, n. plur. (i) eyes (sing,
jicho, which see), and as a. awake,
on the alert ; (2) macho ya jtta. son-
rise, east. (Cf. (ha, v., dawn, and
maao.)
Machubwichubwi. n. pi. n
Machukio. n. plur., (i) objects of
hate, abomination, offence; (a) and
Machukizo. feeling of
disgust, aversion, loathing.
mchukia ma(kukio maktttt, I
detest him. (Cf. ^K
Maohunga, n. plur. pasturage,
pastures, feeding-places for animals.
(Cf. chunga. % and m
, Us ha.)
Machwa, n. j-lvr. Mathwa ya
MACHWEO
202
MAGEUZI
jua, sunset, west. (Cf. cha, v., and
macheo for machweo, follg.)
Machweo, n. plur. Machweo ya
jua, as machwa.
Madadi,n. a preparation of opium
made up in pellets for smoking
(Cf. afyuni, kasumba, bangi.}
*Madaha, n. plur. airs, graces :
fascinating manners. Fanya (pigd)
m., show off, make a display, ol
personal attractions.
Madai, n. plur. occupation or
profession of an advocate. Also
lawsuit, legal claims. (Cf. dai,
daw a?)
Madanganya, n. plnr. tricks, im
posture, deception, illusion, cheating.
(Cf. danganya, hila, ujanja, werevu.}
Madaraka, n. plur. arrangements,
responsible management, care, direc-
tion. M. ya nyumba, house-keeping.
(Cf. diriki, and syn. matengenezo,
maandiko.}
Madende, n. plur. Sauti ya ma-
dende, an affected style of singing, with
trills, quavers, protracted notes, &c.
Madevu, n. plur. beard, beard-like
appendage or growth, e. g. of plants,
maize, &c. (Cf. udevu, plur. ndevu,
kidevu?)
Madifu,the fibrous envelope which
binds the young cocoanut leaf to the
parent stern. (Cf. kilifu.}
*Madini, n. metal, of any kind.
( Ar. For metals known in Z. cf. chuma,
iron ; shaba, copper, brass ; bati, tin ;
risasi, lead; lhahabu, gold; fetha,
silver.)
Madoadoa, n. used as a., spotted,
speckled. (Cf. doa, and maraka-
raka.}
Maelezi, n. plur. floating, being
afloat, anchorage, roadstead, moder-
ately deep water. (Cf. elea, chelezo,
and follg.)
Maelezo, n. plur. explanations,
descriptions, comment. (Cf. elea,
eleza, and prec.)
Mafa, n. plur. place of burial,
cemetery. (Cf./a. In Z. makaburi,
maziara are usual.)
Mafaa, n. use, utility, profit, ad-
vantage, e.g. ngombe hizi hazina
mafaa, these oxen are no good. (Cf.
faa, vifaa,faida, and syn. uc/nimi.)
Maflcho, n. plur. concealment,
place of concealment, hiding-place.
Amefanya kwa majicho, he has acted
secretly, i.e. kifichoficho. (Cf.
Jicha.}
Mafu, n. death, dead things. Also
as adj., maji mafu, neap tide. (Cf.
fa,ktfo, ufu, -fu. In Z. mauti (Ar.)
is usual for death.)
Mafua, n. plur. chest symptoms,
chest complaint (cold in the chest,
bronchitis, pneumonia, phthisis, &c.).
(Ci.kifua,pafu.}
Mafungulia, n. plur. unfastening,
esp. mafungulia ng'ombe, as a mark
of time, grazing time, about 8-9 a.m,,
when the dew is gone, and sun not
too hot. (Cf.fungua.)
Mafusho, n. See Mavusho.
Mafuta, n. plur. oil, fat, grease
(of any kind). M. ya nyama, fat,
lard, dripping (also shahamu,
animal fat. Butter is commonly dis-
tinguished as siagi, or samli, ghee).
Mafuta ya taa (ya kizungu, ameri-
kano), common petroleum. Vegetable
oils are mafuta ya ^lta, semsem oil ;
>n. ya mbdrika, castor oil ; m. ya nazi,
cocoanut oil. (Cf. fata, ufuta,
Mafuu, n. plur. craziness, silliness,
half-witted state. (Cf. kichaa, wa-
Mafya, n. plur. (sing./y^a), stones
used to support a pot or kettle in
cooking. (Cf.mqfiga,meko.} Also
name of an island (Momfia), S. of
Zanzibar.
"Magadi, n. soda. Also plur. of
gadi (which see).
*Magaribi, n. also Mangaribi,
Magrebi, (i) time of sunset, Ma-
lommedan evening prayers or vespers ;
'2) place of sunset, the west ; (3)
Vforocco (as the western land). (Ar.
Gf. mashariki.}
Mageuzi, n. plur. change, changes,
MAOO
203
MAJI
changeableness. Also mageuzo, i.e.
changings, the process rather than
the fact or effect, and cf. gcua.
Mago, n. plur. of kago (which see).
Magombezi, n. plur. quarrel, op-
position , prohibition. Also magombe-
20, quarrel lings, of the action, rather
than the fact or effect. (Cf.go/noa,
gombeza, ugcmvi.}
*Mahabba, n. affection, fondness,
luvc. (Ar. Cf. habba, muhebbi.)
'Mahali, n. also Mahala, cf.
pahali, pahala, (i) place, position,
situation, and fig. place of honour;
(2) region, district, country (cf. in-
cht) ; (3) room, space, interval (cf.
nafasi). Mahali (pahali) is the only
noun in Swahili meaning ' place,' the
only word with which the pfx. p-
(/a-, po) in reference to space is
regularly associated, and as a rule
means * place, position,' only. 1 ..;
mahali hapa, this place. M. hapo
(pale), that place. M. pott, every
place, everywhere. Mahali pa, in
the place of, instead of. Waka-
mwtttdea pale pahali pake, and they
went to him at his place there. Ani-
tueka mahali, he puts me in a place,
i.e. treats me with distinction. (Ar.
Cf. pahali, a form assimilated to
the B. pfx. of place. Dist. mahari,
dowry.)
Maharaei, n. a shoemaker's awl,
titching leather. (Arab.)
Mahari, n. a marriage settlement,
money or property ]-ail t<> the wife's
relations, or settled on the wife.
Tumepatana na mahari ya>
as
have agreed
dowry, viz. sixty rupees. (Ar.
'mahali.}
*Mahati, n. a carpenter's gauge
for marking lines. Also, a marking jolt
ddta ii:
*Mahazamu , n. a shawl or wrapper
worn round the waijt as a girdle.
(Ar. Cf. mshifi, masombo, utu-
Mahindi, n. plur. single grains of
Indian corn, maize, i.e. seeds of the
plant muhindi. (Cf. hindi, mu-
hindi.)
*Mahiri, a. and Maheli, skilful,
clever, quick. Fundi mahiri, a clever
craftsman. (Ar. Cf. umahiri, and
syn. mbingwa, mstadi, wan a, &c.)
Mahoka, n. plur. (i) (a kind of)
evil spirits ; (2) frenzy, mania, mad-
ness. (Cf. shetani, pepo.)
Maisha, n. (i) continuance, dura-
tion, permanence ; (2) life (in respect
of length and duration), period of
living, mode of life. E.g. mti huu
una in. sana, this wood is very dur-
able. M. maovu, evil living J/.
mengi, long life. Also as adv., ma-
isha na milele, for life and for ever,
i.e. for ever and ever. Utufiin^c
maisha yettt, imprison us for liic.
Mpaka maisha, till life ends, the
whole life long. (Maisha is treated
sometimes as D 6, sometimes
though there is no sing. isha. \Vhile
maisha mengi means (see above)
' long life,' maisha nyingi would
rather mean 'many lives,' i.e. life-
periods. Maisha is life in respect of
length and content ; umri, time of
life, age; uzima, life as manifest
in the living condition, state of living ;
roho, the life- principle, soul, spirit.
(Ar. Cf. ishi, atishi, uzima, roho,
umri.)
*Maiti, n. a dead body, corpse,
usually human only. Also, a dead
person, i. c. mtu maid. J/uku:
na Wawemba, we kept coining on
the bodies of dead Wawemba. ( Ar.
Cf. manti, also msoga,pin>;
Majababa, n. a dock for ships.
Majaliwa, n. what is granted, aid,
help, favour, grace of God. (Cf.
Y*.)
Majani, n. plur. grass, leaves, in
general. See Jani.
Majeruhi, a. wounded. (Ar.
Cf.jfraha.Jcruhi.)
Maji, n. water, or what res
water, (i) in general, liquid, (luid,
moisture, damp; (a) in particular,
MAJIBIZANO
204
MAKERTJHI
secretion, juice, sap, &c. Usuall}
treated as D 5 (P), no singular
E.g. teka m., draw water (from
a well, water-hole, &c.). M. baridi
(matamu, ya pepo, ya mvtta), fresh
water, M. ya chumvi (ya bahari)
salt water. M. bamvua (makuu}
spring tide. M. mafu, neap tide
M. ya mofo, (i) hot water, (2) a
kind of light red or yellow ant
Kama maji, (i) fluid, liquid, (2) fluent,
flowing, of ready speech. Usec
also in virtual compounds, mja maji
one who arrives by sea, a stranger
newcomer. Mwana maji, a sailor,
sea-faring man. M. ya shahada,
water poured (by Mahommedans)
into a small hole at the head of a
grave, when filled in. Also as a.,
maji, maj'imaji, wet, damp. (Cf.
Ar. md, water, maj, bitter, salt, briny,
or better perh. uj'i, rice gruel, and
? j'a, v. Other Bantu dialects have
madzi, amanzi, matsi, mezi, medi,
mesi, mas hi, &c.)
*Majibizano, n. teaching by ques-
tion and answer, catechetical instruc-
tion. (CLjibtt.}
*Majibu, n. an answer, reply,
response, also as a plur. form, an-
swers. (Ar. Cf.jibu,jawabu.)
Majilio, n. plur. time (place,
manner, &c.) of coming (to), ap-
proach, arrival, advent. (Cf. j'a,
jilia.}
Majilipa, n. also Majilipo, Ma-
jilip-izi, -izo, -isho, repayment, re-
quital, revenge. (Cf. lipa, malipo,
and syn. kisasi.}
*Majira, n. time, period, season.
Kwa m. haya, at this time. M. ya
mvua, rainy season. As conj. ' when,
while,' e.g. m. akilinda shamba,
while (he is) watching the plantation.
(Ar. Cf. wakiti, pindi.}
*Majira, n. course of a ship, in
navigation. Twaa mdj'ira, get bear-
ings, find the course. (Ar.)
Majisifu, n. plur. self-praise, boast-
ing, brag, conceit. (From Rf. of
stfttf cf. follg.)
Majivuno, n. plur. boasting, brag-
ging, self-laudation. (From Rf. of
vuna, cf. prec. and kujiona^
Majonsi, n. sorrow, grief, mourn-
ing, sadness. Fanya (ona) m., be
sorrowful, sad. (Cf. hamu, huzuni,
simanzi, sikitiko, &c.)
*Majuni,n. a preparation of opium,
Indian hemp, &c., with sugar and
other ingredients made up into a
sweetmeat, strongly intoxicating.
(Cf. madadi.}
Majuto, n. plur. and Majutio,
regret, repentance, remorse. Majuto
ni mjukuu, remorse is like a grand-
child, i. e. comes at last. (Cf.jttta,
and toba.}
Makaa, n. plur. coal, charcoal.
See Kaa.
Makalalao, n. nickname of the
Madagascar settlers in Zanzibar. (M.
means cockroaches, in Z. commonly
mende.}
Makali, n. the sharp part, edge,
point, of a thing, e.g. makali ya
upanga, the edge of a sword, as
contr. with bapa, the flat. (Cf.
-kali, ukali, and mapana.}
*Makani, n. dwelling, dwelling-
place, residence, home. (Ar. Cf.
masikani, makazi, kao, makao.*)
*Makasi, n. a pair of scissors,
sometimes mkasi, also treated as
D 5 (P). (Ar.)
*Makataa, n. binding agreement,
contract, final settlement, engage-
ment. (Ar. CLkata,kataa,mka-
'aa, and syn. mkataba, sharli.')
Makatazo, n. plur. prohibition,
Ejection, refutation. (Cf. kataa,
\ataza.~)
Makazi, n. plur. dwelling, dwell-
ng-place, mode of dwelling. (Cf.
kaa, v., kaoj &c., and syn. makani,
masikani.')
Makengeza, n. plur. squinting, a
quint, i. e. m.ya macho. Mwenyi m.,
ne who squints. Kuwa na m., to
ave a squint, so angalia kwa m.
Cf. upogo, kifongo.}
*Makeruhi, a. offensive, in bad
MAKI
2C5
MALELEZI
taste, wrong. (Ar. Cf. kirihi,
ikirahi, and syn. machitkizo.}
*Maki, n. thickness, stoutness.
Ngtw za M., thick clothes. ^
una ///., the wall is thick. (Ar.
amag, deep, depth, and cf. umw,
//a.)
*Makini, n. quiet, docile, amen-
able, well behaved, gentle, composed.
Roho makini, a quiet disposition,
e.g. of a child who stays at home,
and does what it is told. (Ar. Cf.
-pole, -tulivu.)
*Makiri, n. a cleat on the side of
a native vessel, for fastening a rope
(Sir.).
Makosekano, n. plur. failure, lack,
defect, deficiency, want. M.ya imani,
want of faith. M. ya bithaa, no
supply of goods. (Cf. hosa, kose-
kana, and syn. upungufu?)
Maksai, n. a castrated animal,
bollock, gelding. Ng'ombe niaksai,
a bullock. (Ar. Cf. hast, and
towashi.}
*Makubazi, n. plur. a pair of
leather sandals with ornamentation.
(Cf. kiatu, ndara, mlalawanda.)
*Makufuru,n. infidelity, sacrilege,
blasphemy. (Ar. Cf. kafiri, kit-
furu.}
Makuli, n. and Maakuli, food,
victuals, provisions. (Ar. Cf. cha-
kula, riziki, nafuu.}
Maknlima, n. plur. implements or
operations of agriculture agriculture,
tillage. (Cf. lima, mkulima, kili-
;/;,>.)
Makungu, n. plur. signs of dawn,
daybreak. (Cf. ukuttgu.}
Makupaa, n. plur. Sec Kupa.
Makupwa, n. plur. shore, rocks,
&c., left uncovered at low tide.
'wa,pwani, ktpwa.}
Makusanyiko, n. plur. gathered
people or things, a gathering, crowd,
ting, assembly, collec-
tion. (Cf. Icusanya, kutana> and
iku(ano,j>:
*Makuaudi, n. plur. ami Maka-
sidi, purposes, intentions, objects.
Also as adv., on purpose, intention-
ally, voluntarily, and as conj. that, in
order that, to. (Ar. Cf. kusudi,
and conj. '//.)
Makutano, n. plur. gathered people
or things, a gathering, assemblage,
meeting, crowd, collection. (Cf.
kuta, mkutano, and syn. makusanyiko,
jamii.}
Makuti, n. plur. used commonly
of cocoanut leaves prepared for use
as thatch in Zanzibar. See Kuti.
Makuu, n. (strictly plur. of a.
-kuti), (i) pride, ambition, ostenta-
tion, show (cf. fahari, kiburi, maji-
stfu}. Also (2) presumption, which
ignores human conditions of depend-
ence and limitation, defiance of divine
law, blasphemy, sacrilege (cf. tna-
kufuru). (Cf. -kuu.}
Makwa, n. plur. notches, cut in
the top of an upright post, to carry a
cross-piece.
*Malaika, n. (i) a messenger, an
angel ; (2) a baby (cf. kitolo, incha-
nga). (Ar., and dist. malaika^
down, from laika.}
Malaji, n. j>lur. greediness, glut-
tony, voracity (as shown in nets or
habits, while ulaji is rather of the
quality or character in general).
hakitlii, ulaji, ,)
Malalo, n. plur. sleeping things,
i.e. place, arrangements, bedding,
:<i lie on. (Cf. /a/a, /a/<,
and follg.)
Malaai, n. plur. also Malato, (i)
things to sleep on, beddim;
malalo, e.g. nguo njema tta
memo, fine clothes and fine things to
sleep on; (a) marriage bed, sexual
intercourse. (Cf. /aea, /aja.)
Malelo, n. orchilla uccd, used as
a dye, and a regular article of com-
merce in Ea&t Africa.
Malelemi, n. plur. the season of
i and changing winds, be-
tween the monsoons and dm
c. about April and Novem-
/. Also called tonga mtili.
.uimti, kusi,
MALENGA
206
MAMA
Malenga, n. a professional singer,
employed to lead the singing in
dances, concerts, &c. (Perhaps at
first the name of a well-known
singer.)
*Maleuni, a. accursed. (Arab.
Cf. laana, -laanifu.}
Malevi, n. plur. of ulevi,
drunkenness, i. e. drunken habits,
acts, &c., -ulevi, rather of the quality
or condition. (Cf. lewa, levya,
and m aloft.}
Malezi, n. plur. of ulezi, rearing,
bringing up, both of nurture gener-
ally, and of education, training.
Malezi maztiri, good breeding, good
education. (Cf. lea, ulezi.}
*Mali, n. (treated indiscriminately
as D 6 or D 5 (P)), property, goods,
wealth, riches, possession. Thus
mail yake nyingi, niali mengi, mali
zake chache. Ni mali ya, it is the
property of. Mali ya watu (or ya
mwenyewe), it is some one else's
property, it is not mine. There is a
game called maliya ndimu, guessing
at an unseen striker. (Ar.)
Malidadi, n. one who makes a
show, esp. of dress, a showily
dressed person, fop, dandy, coxcomb.
(Cf. umalidadi, urembo, mlimb-
.wende?)
*Maliki, v. make a beginning of,
set to work on, start a job, e. g.
of construction, cultivation, &c. M.
nyumba, begin to build a house.
M. shamba, begin to clear, or hoe, a
plantation. M. kuunda chombo,
begin to construct a ship. Ps. ma-
likiwa. Ap. malik-ia, -iwa.
Cs. malik-isha, -ishwa. (? Ar.
Cf. miliki, and syn. anza^ shika.}
*Maliki, n. See Malki.
Malimwengu, n. i. e. mambo ya
ulimwengu, worldly matters, mun-
dane affairs, the concerns of men.
(Cf. ulimwengu, mlimwengu.}
Malindi, n. (i) plur. of lindi,
deep places, channels ; (2) a district
of Zanzibar city; (3) an ancient
town on the coast north of Mombasa ;
(4) (Str.) the flap or small apron
of beads worn by a string round the
loins by native women on the main-
land (but ? in Z.).
Malipizi, n. plur. causing to pay,
retaliation, revenge, dunning for
debts, distraint, extortion. Malip-
izo (and -isho\ what is exacted, ex-
torted, and so vengeance, fine, &c.,
but also as malipizi. (Cf. lipa,
and follg., also kisasi.}
Malipo, n. plur. payment, reward,
atonement, vengeance suffered or
inflicted. (Cf. lipa, and prec.)
*Malisaa, n. shot, i. e. small shot,
for firearms, &c. (Cf. lisasi,
bullet, and kiasi, cartridge.)
Malisha, n. and Malisho, pastur-
a S e > g raz i n g ground, paddock, for-
age, food for cattle, &c. (Cf. la,
lisha, and machunga.}
Maliza, v. (i) complete, finish
off, bring to end, conclude, wind up ;
(2) abolish, kill, destroy. M. kazi,
finish a job. M. dent, pay off a
debt. M. adui, annihilate an enemy.
Ps. malizwa. Nt. malizika. Ap.
maliz-ia, -iwa. Cs. maliz-isha,
-ishwa. Rp. malizana. (Ar.
Cf. timiliza, and syn. kamilisha t
is ha.}
Malizano, n. plur. mourning of
many together, a general wailing.
(Cf. lia, and Cs. liza, lizana.}
Malizi, n. plur. things causing
a sound, things rustling, making a
noise. E. g. nasikia malizi nyasini^
I hear things rustling in the rushes.
(Cf. lia, and prec.)
Malki, n. also Maliki, a king,
ruler, sovereign. (Arab., not
usual in Z. Cf. follg. and miliki,
also syn. sultani, mfalme, jumbe?)
Malkia, n. {ma-}, queen, female
sovereign. (Cf. prec.)
Mama, n. mother, female ancestor
or parent, of all kinds. Mama wa
kambo, step-mother. Mama mkub-
wa (mdogo}) mother's elder (younger)
sister. Mama wee, an African's
most natural cry in pain, sorrow, or
MAMBA
207
MANUKA
surprise. Kr. quotes Mama ni Mu-
ungu wa pili, one's mother comes
next to God. Mama is treated
grammatically like Baba, which see-
Mwana is used in polite reference or
address to one's own mother (cf.
mivana, bibf).
Mamba, n. (i) a crocodile; (a)
a name of a very dangerous kind
of snake.
Mambo, n. plur. of Jambo,
which see. Used independently
mambo often means, affairs of im-
portance, difficulties, problems, hard-
ships, e. g. nlimwengu una mambo,
the world is full of wonders (or,
strange things, mysteries, difficulties).
Mambo mengi, like visa vingi, com-
plications, puzzles, perplexities. So
used as int., i.e. wonderful ! very awk-
ward ! a poser !
"Maralaka, n. (i) authority, do-
minion, rule, rights of ownership ;
(2) property, possession, dominions.
In the latter sense, milki is more
usual. Sina m. na kilu hie ho, I have
no right to (power over) that thing.
iki, milki, and syn.
>;ri, hukumu, nguvu, uwezo.}
Mamoja, a. form of -moja, agree-
ing with I) 5 (P), i.e. of one kind,
treated as one. Often used indepen-
dently, c. g. mamoja kwangit, it is
all one (all the same) to me, I do not
care, I have no choice. Mamoja,
as yon like. (Cf. -moja, and syn.
haithuru')
-mana, as a termination of verbs
is a combination of the Stativc and
Reciprocal suffixes, ma-na, c
ngamana, shikamana, ungamatta.
(Cf. ma-(/).
Manane, n. only in the phrase
usiku wa manane, the dead of night,
ht. Usiku huu umtkuwa wa
mana, midni K ht. (Cf.
nant, eight, of which manant is
perh. a plural. Thus usiku wa
manattf means ' the night at about
a .n.ni.' See 8aa, and syn. kati ya
usiku wa kati.)
Mandasi, n. plur. See Maanda-
si, and Andaa.
*Manemane, n. myrrh.
Manena, n. groin, between
thigh and belly. (Cf. kinena.}
Manga, n. a name of Arabia, esp.
the region of Muscat in the Persian
Gulf. It is used to describe various
objects connected with or derived
from Arabia, e. g. pilipili manga,
black pepper. Mkoma manga,
pomegranate tree. IVjiwa manga,
a variety of pigeon. Jiwe la manga,
a kind of whetstone (but cf. mango).
(Cf. mwarabu, Arabuni.}
Mangi, Mangine, a. same as
Mengi, Mengine, many, more,
formed from -ngi, -ngint, instead of
-ingi, -ingine, these latter being
rather more usual in Z. (Cf. /.)
*Mangili, n. a kind of cat-head
or cross-piece, for securing a cable,
anchor, or repeat the bow of a native
vessel.
Mango, n. a hard, black, rounded
stone used for pounding, smoothing,
and polishing.
Mangwaji, n. plur. finery, fop-
pery, showy dress or appearance,
foolish di>])lay. (Cf. syn. umati-
dadi, ulimbwcnde?)
Mani, n. semen. (Ar. syn. ska-
Manjano, n. turmeric, used as a
yellow colouring material for orna-
ment, and also in curry powder, an
Han vegetable product. A*a-
ngi ya rn. t yellow colour.
Manowari, n. a man-of-war,
one of the earliest and most estab-
lished adaptations of an English
word in Swnhili.
more or less
boi, kola, sh<:: <itoki,
kabati, bira. burashi, daktari, sfirna,
melt, a/so, dazin, inche, sfita/i. posta>
Mansuli, n. a kind of woollen
material, used for dress and as a
coverlet.
Manuka, n. plur. smell, scent
MANUKATO
208
MAPENDA
odour. (Cf. nttka, and follg., also
syn. harufu.}
Manukato, n. plur. sweet scent,
perfume, sweet-smelling substance.
(Many such are used in Z., as liquids,
in powders, for fumigation, &c.
E. g. marashi (a general term for
liquid scents), meski, hal waridi, sa-
ndali, dasili, nndi, ubani, dalia, ma-
guba, rihanij garafuu, garafuu
maiti) itvumba, liwa, buhuri, tibu,
kivumbasi, afu, &c. Cf. mika t
and -to, which is not common as
a suffix in Z. except in this word.)
*Manuku, n. a copy, transcript,
translation, imitation. (Ar. Cf.
nakili.)
Manyiga,n. a kind of hornet (Str.).
Manyoya, n. plur. of unyoya
(which see).
Manyunyo, n. plur. showers,
sprinkling, drizzle, light rain. (Cf.
nyunyiza.}
Maokozi, n. plur. saving, rescue,
means of saving. (Cf. okoa, mw-
okozi.}
Maombi, n. plur. also Maomvi.
(cf. iba, mwivi), prayers, entreaties,
requests, intercessions. (Cf. omba,
and syn. kaja, dua, sala.}
Maombolezo, n. plur. loud wail-
ing, lamentations, mourning, dirges.
(Cf. omba, ombolcza, malio.)
Maondokeo, n. plur. (i) depar-
ture, going away, taking leave ; (2)
rising up, respectful salute. (Cf.
ondoka, ondokea.}
Maondoleo, n. plur. taking away,
removal. M. ya thambi, remission
(forgiveness) of sin. (Cf. ondoa,
ondolea.}
Maongezi, n. plur. talk, conver-
sation, gossip, amusement, pastime.
Weka m., prepare for a long chat.
(Cf. ongea, and syn. mazungumzo^)
Maongezo, n. plur. addition, in-
crease, supplement. (Cf. ongeza
and ny ongeza, and syn. mazidisho.}
Maongo, n. plur. back (of men or
animals), but in Z. usually mgongo
(which see).
Maongozi, n. plur. direction,
superintendence, management, ad-
ministration, arrangements. J7. ya
Muungu, Providence, divine dis-
pensation. (Cf. ongoa, and syn.
madaraka, matengeneo.)
Maonji, n. plur. tasting, testing,
trial, experiment. Maonji ya mta-
mbo, testing a machine, to see if it
works. (Cf. onja, and maombi
from omba, and syn. jaribu.}
Maozi, n. giving in marriage,
arrangements for bringing about a
marriage. (Cf. oa, oza, and mazi-
ski.)
Mapaji, n. present, gift. (Cf.
pa, -paji, upaji, mpaji, and dist.
paji la liso, forehead.)
Mapakizi, n. (i) ' arrangements
connected with shipping and dispatch
of goods, conveyance on board, pay-
ment of freightage, &c. Also (2)
goods shipped, cargo, freight. Simi-
larly mapakio. (Cf. pakia.}
Mapalilio, n. plur. also Mapalilo,
Mapalio, time (place, process, &c.)
of hoeing, i.e. not the first hoeing
(lima}, but the cross-hoeing, cleaning
the ground among trees or crops
already planted. (Cf. paa, palia,
palilia.}
Mapambano, n. plur. contact,
comparisons, collisions. (Cf./a-
mbana.}
Mapana, n. plur. the wide or
broad part of a thing, flat side,
breadth, width, diameter. Meza hii
ina mapana, this table is broad.
Njia mapana thaifu, a road of in-
significant width. (Cf. -pana,
upana, and -nene, and for the form
makali.}
Mapatano, n. plur. agreement,
contract, understanding, conspiracy,
alliance. (Cf. pala, patana, and
syn. maafikano, mkataa.)
Mapema, adv. in good time, early,
soon. Assubuhi na mapema, early in
the morning.
Mapenda, n. plur. loving another,
love. Other nouns of similar form
MAPEPETA
200
MAREHEMTJ
from penda may be enumerated here,
but most of them will be found also
under a sing, form beginning with u
or /, i. e. as D 5 or D 6. See also
Fenda. Mapendano (sing. -),
mutual love. Mapendefu, love, from
the side of its object, i.e. being loved,
love as experienced. Maptndtlefu,
mapendeleo, favour, bias, self-ingra-
tiation, from the side of recipient or
giver. Mapendezi, things that please,
engaging manners, amiability, affec-
tionateness. Mapendo, acts of love,
loving - kindness. Afafvnzi, love,
liking, inclination, desire, will, wish,
purpose. E.g. afuata mapenzi ya
moyo tvako, he follows his own
I (whims, fancies, ideas, &c.).
Mapcnzi hayana macho^ love is
blind.
Mapepeta, n. plur. a preparation
of immature rice (pepeta za mpunga).
(Cf. /*/*/.)
Mapinduzi, n. plur. turning things
upside down, revolution, disorder.
pindua.)
Mapishi, n. j>lur. things (materials,
, &c.) for cooking. (Cf.pika.)
Mapiswa, n. unmeaning nonsense,
drivel, silliness.
Mapokeo, n. plur. things received,
as. See Pokea.
Maponea, n. plur. means of sub-
sistence, livelihood, food. (Cf. pona t
ami follg. Also syn. t
tff/aa.)
Maponyea, n. plur. means of cur-
ing (rescuir /// na
matan s .fonyea tijaa, water
and cucumbers are what save
from s; \ c. as the last re-
source in drought. (Cf. fwna,
Maponyo. n. plnr. (i) healing
things, drags, medicines, means of
.1 cure,
rescue, preservation. (Cf. fotta t
Mapooca, n. plur. nnd Mnposa,
!, not
matured, useless, e.g. of fruit dropped
in an unripe green stage. (C
pooza.}
Maposo, n. plur. proposals or
arrangements for marrying, wooing.
(Cf. posa.}
Mapoza, n. plur. remedies, means
or appliances for healing. (Cf.
poa,pona,poza, and syn. dawa.}
Mapwaji, n. plur. coast, foreshore,
part affected by tides. In Z. usually
pwani. (Cf. pwa, h'pwa.)
*Maradufu, a. double, extra thick,
of two thicknesses. (Ar. radaf, or
Idaaf.)
*Marahaba, int. used as a common
rejoinder to the salute of an inferior,
or on receipt of a present or favour,
thank you, very well. ( Ar. ' it is
welcome, I am pleased.' Cf. ah-
sarttf.)
*Marakaraka, a. with patches,
stripes, spots, and so of colour,
mottled, speckled, variegated, &c.
(Cf. raka, kiraka, and syn. madoadoa.')
*Mara8haraaha, n. sprinklings,
showers,' drizzle, of rain, sprinkled
perfume, &c. (Ar. Cf. mras/ti,
marashi.}
*Maraahi, n. scent, liquid perfume.
Marashi mawaridi, rose water.
(Ar. Cf. prec. and tibu, manukato.}
"Marathi, n. sickness, disease, in
general. (Ar. < /<?, and
H. ugonjwa. For particular dis-
eases, cf. homa, ;/w,z.
i, titiwanga, ukoma, baridi
yabis, stkcmko, kisono9U> % &c.)
Marathi.n. also Murathi, MaU-
rithi, well-content, acquiescent,
agreeable, willing.
*M*rdmli, n. repudiation, rejec-
(Arab.)
Maregeo. n. and Marojeo, com-
ing back, return, and fig. rot
nee. (Ar. Cf. rtj
Marehemu, n. and a., one "
used as a cup)
term of reference to a deceased ;
the late, the departed, the defunct.
(Ar. Cf. rthema.}
MABEJEO
210
MASABIPU
*Marejeo, n. See Maregeo, and
Kejea. (Ar.)
Marembo, n. plur. ornaments,
personal, architectural, &c. articles of
finery, carved work, bas-relief. (Cf.
urembo, remba, and syn. pambo,
nakski, chore.}
*Marhamu, n. ointment, unguent,
plaster, scented, medicated, &c.
(Ar. Cf. lehemu, tthamu, and syn.
mafuta, bandiko.}
*Marigeli, n. a large metal caldron,
chiefly for cooking rice in great
quantities. (Ar. Cf. chombo,
chungu, su/uria, &c., for vessels of
different kinds.)
*Marijani, n. coral, but in Z.
not of the stone, or coral rock (cf.
tumbawt), but of the red coral im-
ported and used as ornament. Called
also marijaniyafethaluka.
Marika, n. plur. of rika, con-
temporaries, of same age, i. e. ^^mri
saiva. (Cf. hirimu and rika. There
is a town called Mdrika, or Marka,
on the Somali coast, north of Z.)
*Marikebu, n. ship. See Meri-
kebu. (Ar. Cf. rekebu, and syn.
jakazi, and B. chombo.)
Marindi, n. See Malindi.
*Marini, a. pleasing in appearance,
bright, smart, blooming. Vijana
marini, fine young people. (Cf.
syn. -zuri.*)
*Marisaa, n. also Malisaa, shot,
i.e. for firearms. (Cf. rzsast,
kiasi^}
*Marithawa, a. in abundance,
plenty, sufficient. ' (Ar. ' to one's
heart's content, as much as one would
wish.' Cf. rithi, rathi, and syn.
-%*, tele)
*Marra, n. and adv. (i) a time,
a single time, a turn, an occasion, an
occurrence; (2) at once, immediately.
M. moja, (i) once, (2) at once, im-
mediately. M. mbili, twice. M. ya
kwanza, the first time. M. nyingi,
of ten, repeatedly. Marra kwa marra,
time after time, often. Marra marra,
at intervals, at times, occasionally.
M. hii, at once, on the spot. Marra
chako, marra changu, now yours, now
mine, a riddle to which the answer
is malt, wealth. (Ar. Cf. safari,
zamu, which are sometimes syn.)
*Marudi, n. plur. also Marudio,
(i) a return, a recompense, a paying
back; (a) punishment, discipline,
correction. (Ar. Cf. rejea, and
malipo, athabu, zuio.}
*Marufaa, n. plur. part of a native
loom, small boards between which
the warp is stretched. See Kitanda
cha mfumi.
*Marufuku, a. forbidden, pro-
hibited. Piga m. (or rufaka\ give
public notice of prohibition, proclaim
as forbidden, forbid officially. ( Ar.
Cf. mfaka, and syn. kataza.}
Marugurugu, n. and a., small
swellings, lumps, e.g. mtu akijikuna,
hufanya m. ya mwiti, if a man
scratches himself (as when stung), he
raises swellings on his body.
Masaa, n. See Masalio, Masazo.
*Masafl, n. purity, cleanness, cor-
rectness. (Ar. Cf. safi, usafi,
which is seldom used, utakatifu,
ufasaha, tohara.)
*Masahaba, n. plur. the special
friends and companions of Ma-
hommed. (Ar. Cf. sahibu!)
*Masaibu, n. accident, calamity.
(Ar. Cf. msiba, from same root. )
Masalio, n. plur. also Masalia,
Masaa, remains, remnant, what is
left over. (Cf. salia, sazo, baki.}
*Masalkheri, the common Arabic
evening salutation, good evening,
as subulkheri for the morning. (Ar.
masaa, evening, and heri.} f
Masango, n. wire, esp. thick brass
wire, one of the commonest articles
of exchange and barter in East Africa.
Called also sengenge, masoka, and a
fine kind udodi. Different kinds of
material are distinguished as m. ya
chuma, 'ya shaba nyeupe, ya shaba
nyekundu, ya fetha, i. e. iron, brass,
copper, silver wire.
*Masarifu, n. also Masurufu,
MA8HAIRI
211
MASOMBO
Masruf, supplies for an expedition
or journey, provisions, outfit, goods
and money. (Ar. expenses, out-
lay. Cf. sarifu, gharama,)
'Mashairi , n. plur. oishairi, verses,
a poem, poetry. Tunga mashairi,
compose poetry. (Ar.)
*Mashaka, n. plur. of shaka,
doubts, trouble, difficulties, danger.
(Ar.)
Mashapo, n. plur. dregs, lees, sedi-
ment, e.g. of squeezed fruits, grains,
herbs, &c. (Str.). (Cf. masira,
mas at to.)
*Mashariki, n. the East, -a ma-
shariki, eastern, easterly, oriental.
(Ar. Cf. magaribi, and syn. matlai,
matokta {macho, maao) yajua.)
Mashendea, n. plur. rice cooked
as a kind of pudding, used for invalids,
not dry like wait, nor gruel like
uji. Mashindta ya mchcle, rice-
pudding. Also m. ya mtama.
Mashindano, n. plur. contest,
race, competition, struggle, athletic
sports. M. ya rnbio, racing ; m. ya
kuruka, jumping competition; m. ya
kushikana mbavu, wrestling. (Cf.
shinda, mshindani.)
Maahtaka, n. plur. (seldom in
sing. shtaka, cf. mshtaka), charges,
ions, rcproachc^. Sec Shtaki.
Maahua, n. boat, boats, built
of boards, &c., not hollowed oat
in native fashion. Jlf. ya moshi,
a steam launch. (Cf. shua, and
dau.)
*Maahuuri, a. famous, renowned,
celebrated, well-known, notorious.
' f. syn. maarufu, -enyi si/a,
bayani.)
Maahuzi, n. plur. breaking \\
without noise. (Cf. shuta, ushuzi,
Masia, n. walking, a walk, gait.
Enda masia, go out walking. (Arab.,
usual ten; rf.)
*Maaiflwa. n. plur. things praised,
imended, advertised,
passive from si/n, cf. follg. and
noun mapendwa, &c.)
r
*Masifu, n. plur. praises, con-
gratulations. (For more usual si/a,
cf. si/u, v.)
*-masihiya, a. Christian. (Cf.
Ar. masiha, Christ, and masiya.)
Masika, n. the season of the
greater rains (niajira ya rnvua ny-
ingt) in Zanzibar, i.e. March, April,
and May, when the hot north mon-
soon gives way to the cooler south.
Corresponds to autumn in northern
latitudes. (For seasons generally
see Mwaka.)
*Masikani, n. dwelling place,
abode. (Ar. Cf. rnakani, and
syn. B. kao.}
*Masikini, n. (i) a poor man,
beggar, used descriptively, and also
(a) in pity or contempt, a hapless,
luckless, miserable individual. (3)
a freed slave, who has no protector,
home or belongings, i.e. ///. wa
Muungu, one who picks up a living
as he can. (Ar. Cf. fukara,
tnwotnbaji, tnnyonge^
Masimango, n. plur. ill-natured
remarks, reproaches, of a patroniz-
ing contemptuous kind. (Cf. si-
manga, and tnashutttrnu, masuto,
mat u si.)
Masingizio, n. plur. (i) slander,
calumny, false insinuation, misrepre-
sentation. Ili-ncc [] pretence, dis-
guise, make-believe, belying facts.
;isia, ncni\: amfia.)
Maaiwa, n. large islands, -r used
to describe the Comoro, or Sey-
chelles islands. (Cf. kuiwa, usi-
wa.)
*Maiya, n. (ma-), t
One, Christ. Ar. masiha.)
MaaUi, n. plur. soot.
masizi ya moshi meusi yaliyoganda~
<*gu, the black smoky grime
i as on a cook ing pot. ( Dist.
(1 rnazizt,
pcn.v.
Maaoka, n. thick iron or brass
(Cf. masanj^o, and /<
Maaombo, n. girdle, c<>
of a long piece of cloth wound round
^
MASONGO
212
MATEKA
the waist, like (Ar.) mahazamu.
(Cf. ukumbun, which is shorter, and
nishipi.)
Masongo, n. plur. plaits, e. g. of
hair, tresses, wreaths of flowers, gar-
lands. (Cf. msokoto, and stika, songa?)
*Masri, n. and Misri, Egypt.
Masua, n. plur. and Mazua, giddi-
ness. (Cf. zulu, zulika, kizuli,
and syn. kizttnguzungu.}
Masuguo, n. plur. rubbing, some-
thing to rub with, a whetstone,
knife-board. (Cf. stigua, noa, ki-
noo.}
Masuko, n. plur. #.nd commonly
Masukosuko, (i) shaking, wagging,
tossing, moving to and fro quickly,
and so generally (2) agitation, dis-
turbance, a restless state of affairs.
Used of the rolling or pitching of
a vessel at sea. (Cf. suka, and
mramma.}
*Masululm, n. reconciliation,
peace after quarrelling. (Ar. Cf.
suhihisha, selehisha.}
Masumbuo, n. plur. acts of annoy-
ance, annoying habits or character.
Kijana kidogo kina masumbuo, a
small child is a nuisance. (Cf.
sumbua, -sumbufu, usumbuo.}
Masuto, n. plur. reproaches, accu-
sations, critical remarks, fault-finding,
sarcasms. (Cf. suta, and syn. lau-
tmt, shuttimu, shtaka.}
Mata, n. plur. of uta, native
shooting weapon, bow and arrows.
(Cf. upindi, mshale.}
*Mataajabu, n. plur. wonders,
marvels, surprises. Also of wonder,
as felt, e.g. ona m., feel aston-
ishment, wonder. (Ar. Cf. aja-
bu, staajabu, and syn. mwujiza,
shani.)
Matabwatabwa, n. plnr. rice
cooked with a great deal of water,
rice gruel, called matabwatabwa ya
wall, wait ulio mashendea membamba
sana t i.e. a thin porridge, uji mive-
fesi, uji wa majimaji, a very thin
watery gruel. (Cf. wait, utabwa,
Matafuni, n. plur. chewings, nib-
blings, things chewed. (Cf. ta-
funa.)
Matagataga, adv. enda m., walk
with long striding steps, straddle
along. (Cf. taga or tagaa.}
Mataka, n. plur. wantings, desires,
inclination. (Cf. taka, v., matakwa,
and syn. haja, maelekeo. Dist. 'mata-
kataka^)
Matakata, n. plur. (i) cleansings,
sweepings, scrapings, offscourings,
and so (2) refuse, rubbish. (Cf.
takata, taka, and follg.)
Matakataka, n. plur. dirt, filth,
refuse, rubbish. (Cf. taka, n., kita-
kalaka, takata, kifusi?)
Matakatifu, n. plur. pure living,
holy life, holiness (i.e. perb, holiness
not only considered as an attribute
(utakatifu^j but exemplified in acts.
See Ma-, 2 (d) (i). (Cf. -takata,
-takatifit, utakatifu.}
Matakwa, n. plur. (i) things
wanted, needs, desires, requests ; (2)
being wanted, being in request, e.g.
matakwayangu kuwa mtumishi killa
mtu ayajna, every one knows how
I was wanted as a servant, how my
services were in request.
*Matana, n. used sometimes of a
form of leprous disease. (Cf. ba-
langa, ukoma^)
Matanga, n. plnr. oftanga (which
see).
Matangamano, n. plur. a mixed
crowd, medley, miscellaneous as-
semblage, promiscuous collection.
(Cf. tangamana, also syn. makutano,
jama.}
Matata, n. plur. tangle, complica-
tion, complex affair, troubles, diffi-
culties, &c. Tia m., complicate,
involve. (Cf. tatiza.}
Mate, n. plur. of ute (cf. uta,
mata}, spitting, spittle, saliva. Mate-
mate, light spitting rain, drizzle (cf.
manyunyd], Tema mate, spit, ex-
pectorate.
Mateka, n. plur. (i) booty, prey,
plunder, and esp. (2) captive in war,
MATEMBEZI
213
J ,. UTHIKO
(Cf.
slave, used as sfng. and plur.
Uka, v.)
Matembezi, n. plan (i) a walk
taken for pleasure or business, a
ramble, a tour, a round ; (2) also
idle strolling, street walking. Nali-
kwenda kulc matembezi, I went there
for a walk. (Cf. tetnbta, rnasia.}
*Mathabahu, n. and Mathbahu,
place of sacrifice, altar. (Ar. Cf.
mathabuha* thabihu^}
*Mathabuha, n. and Mathbuha,
thing sacrificed, ' victim, offering.
;Cf. prec.)
*Mathahabu, n. nnd Mathehebu,
<>ms, ideas, tenets, usages ; (a)
sect, denomination, party, persuasion.
Hf. ya mantno, uses of words, for-
mularies, idi< in-. M. ya mambo,
usages, ceremonies, rites. (Ar. Cf.
. kaivaida, kanuni. Dist.
thahabu.)
*Mathali, conj. also Mdthal,
Methali, Mithili, Mizli, as, like,
^ee Methali, and cf. katna.}
*Mathubuti, n. and a., also
Mathubutu, (i) evidence, proof,
confirmation, support (cf. ushahidf) ;
(3) trustworthy, honest, reliable,
effective, decisive. E. g. makarani
the clerks are not to be
trusted. Hoja /., a strong, con-
clusive argument. (Ar. Cf. thu~
'i, and syn. imara.)
Matiko, n. hardening or tempering
; m. t harden,
amttilia m. shoka langu, the
smith has trrnj>orcd my av
; i matiko, of the
Matilaba. n. desire, wish, pur-
pose. Matilaba t:a mradi, desire
nnd intention. (Arab., n<
' imaa, matamani^ mat a-
twa t shauri, shaitko.}
Matilo, n. and Mantilo, a rope
from the nft' iic yard to the
masthead, to give greater security in
Matimutimu. n. nyelc :a m. t dis-
hevelled, disordered hair.
Matindi, n. half-gTo^vn Indian
corn (ntuhindi!}.
Matiti, n. tnda m., trot, go at
a trot, of an animal. (Cf. /*/i,
mbio, and dist. ////', Aifiti.}
*Matlaa, n. and Matlai, sunrise,
the east, east wind, morning wind.
Ar. Cf. mashariki^}
Matongo, n. discharge from the
eyes. Mwenyi m. ya macho, a per-
son whose eyes run from weakness or
disease. (Cf. utongo, tongo, and
perh. chottgo.)
Matukano, n. plur. insulting
words, abuse, bad language, insults.
(Ci.tukana, and syn. tnatusi, ttiasuto.}
Matumbawe, n. plur. coral stone
in the intermediate stage, between
actual formation and complete fos-
silization, a white, light, compact
stone, used esp. on account of its
lightness in concrete roofs; and, being
comparatively soft, it is also cut to
form a projecting support for plaster
string-courses.
Matumishi, n. plur. service, a ser-
vant's work. (Cf. follg. and nitu-
mishi.}
Matumizi, n. plur. (i) acts of
using, use, using, employment ; (2)
things used, requisites, conveniences,
e.g. food, clothes, firing. ADC I
hana m. nayo, he has no use for them.
/f,'. I am quite destitute at
present. (Cf. /wnz,and syn
vifaa?)
Maumbile, n. plur. created state,
original condition, natural c
. :. \ hut umbo is usual in X.
(Cf. umba, kiuml*.)
Maungo, n. plur. of ungo (which
tee).
Maunzi, n. plur. a structure, frame,
rlc, esp. one of wood and of
'he hull or fi
of a vessel. (Cf. unJa, tnwufui.)
Mauthiko. n. j-lur. annoyances,
(feeling of) annoyance. A'tr.;
rrsrnttur;
(Cf. ////;/, utkia, and
syn. rnasuml'uc.)
MAJJTI
214
MB-
*Mauti, n. death. Patiwa na
(kutiwa na, patikana no) mauti, die.
(Ar. Cf. maitij and syn. B. ufu,
kifo.}
Mavi, n. plur. (no sing.), (i)
dung, excrement; (2) dross (of
metal), scoria, e. g. m. ya chuma,
iron-worker's refuse ; m. ya nyota y
star droppings, used of bright,
metallic, sparkling stone, mica, &c.
(3) a coarse term of abuse and con-
tempt, like mawe, rot, humbug, non-
sense, trash.
Mavunde,n. plur., and Mavunde-
vunde, broken, scattered, ragged
clouds, a cloudy overcast sky. (Cf.
vunja, and pass, terrain, -e.)
Mavune, n. plur. that which is
harvested or reaped. Sometimes used
fig. of outcome, result, consequences,
effect. (Cf. vuna, and pass, terrain.
-<?, also follg.)
Mavuno, n. plur. (i) time
(place, process, results, &c.) of har-
vesting, reaping crops*; (2) fig.
generally profit, gain, exploitation.
M. ya nyuki, bee harvest, i.e. honey.
(Cf. vuna, and prec., and for profit,
faida, uchumi^)
Mavusho, n. plur. (like mavukizo},
fumes, exhalations, fumigation, &c.
(Cf. vukizo, vukiza?)
Mawe, n. plur.. of jiwe (which
see). Often used contemptuously of
things common or worthless, rub-
bish, nonsense, trash.
Mawele, n. plur. a very small
species of grain, a kind of millet
{Penicillaria spicata, Sac.).
*Mayiti, n. See Maiti.
Mayugwa, n. plur. leaves of the
plant jimbi, a green vegetable like
spinach when cooked.
Mazao, n. plur. natural produce,
products, offspring, fruit. (Cf. zaa,
zao.~)
*Maziada, Mazidi, Mazidio,
Mazidisho. See Ziada, &c. (Ar.
Cf. zidi.)
Maziko, n. plur. process (time,
place, &c.) of burial, funeral, inter-
ment. (Cf. zika, mzishi, maziski,
kaburi.}
Mazinga-ombwe, n. juggling
tricks, conjuring, puzzles. (Cf.
kiini-macho, miztingu, and follg.)
Mazingazinga, n. plur. going
round, revolutions, rounds, e. g. of
a patrol, police, &c. (Cf. ztnga,
zunguka, mzinga.}
Mazishi, n. plur. preparations for
burying, attendance at a funeral,
things used at a burial (e. g. sanda,
kiunza, pamba, ub'ani, &c.). (Cf.
zika, mazikoj mzishi.}
Maziwa, n. (i) as a collective
noun, milk of man or animal; (2)
plur. of ziwa, i.e. (a) breasts, suck-
ling organs ; (b] pools, lakes. M.
mabivu, curdled milk. (Cf. m-
tindi, butter-milk.) M. ya ivatu
ivawili, dragon's blood (sap of a
tree).
Mazoea, n. plur. habitnation,
practice, familiarity, use, habit, cus-
tom. Sina m. ya kusema naye, I
am not used to talking with him.
Fanya m., settle down, become
sociable, get contented. (Cf.
follg.)
Mazoezo, n. plur. and Mazoezi,
habits, customs, usages, practice,
wont. (Cf. zoea, -zoefu, and syn.
desturi.}
Mazu, n. local name for a kind of
banana, not in Z. (Cf. ndizi,
mgomba.)
Mazua, n. plur. and Masua, giddi-
ness, confusion. (Cf. zulu. zu-
lika.}
Mazuka, n. plur. apparitions,
ghosts, spirits. (Cf. zuka, kizuka,
and syn. kivuli, pepo.}
Mazungumzo, n. plur. social
intercourse, conversation, amusement.
(Cf. zungutnza, and syn. maongezi,
mchezo.}
Mb-, a common plural prefix of
nouns beginning with , zv, uw, ub
in Singular, usually representing a eu-
phonic change from original n sound.
Words not found under Mb may
MBA
215
MBARIKA
therefore be looked for under U, Uw,
W, L'b.
Mba, n. a kind of skin disease,
causing irritation and subsequently
scaling. (Cf. choa, dasi, rupia,
uwaii.}
Mbaamwozi, n. See Mbala-
mwezi.
Mbaazi, n. (mi-), ( r ) a shrub
bearing a yellow laburnum-like blos-
som, and pods containing an edible
pea or bean; (2) the beans of this
shrub, ? Angola pea (Cajanus In-
dicus, Sac.). Tundu la mibaazi, a
cage made of twigs of the tnbaazi.
*Mbaharia, n. (w-\ commonly.
Baharia (mo-), a sailor. (Cf.
bahari, and syn. mwana maji.)
*Mbahili, n. (twz-), a miser,
f. bahili, ubahili, mkabithi.)
Mbalamwezi, n. also Mbaa-
mwezi, Balamwezi, moonshine,
bright moonlight. (Mbala- isperh.
a plur. form connected with ivaa,
v., shine, i.e. u(w)a(l)a, ua(l)a-,
;-, combined with mwezi,
moon.)
Mbalanga, n. also Balanga, a
form of leprosy. (Cf. ukorna, ba-
*M bale he, n. (wet-) and a., boy or
girl growing up, developed, marriage-
able. (Ar. Cf. baUhe, and syn.
., mpei>u.}
Mbali, adv. (i) far, far off, dis-
tant (in place or time), long ago,
long after; (2) distinct, separate,
v, opposite ; (3)
with the Ap. form of verb.
iiplctcly, quite.' E.g.
walio mbali xwa mbali kuotuma kwa
nyaraka, people who are far apart
meet by means of letters.' Wtka
t aside (apart). .V..-
mbali. a long journey. Hakuja m.
not very long since he
came. Somcti: ran ft
ibali, (of) different
many-coloured, variegated. Mambo
ibisa, these
are diametrically opposed.
With verbs, ulia mbali, kill outright.
Potetea mbali ', perish utterly, a com-
mon imprecation, ' go and be hanged.'
Tupia mbali, throw quite away.
With ya or na, mbali is used as
a prep., far from, distant from, in
time, space, or quality. (Cf.
u6a/i, of which mbali is a plur. form,
as mbelc of ubele. Opp. karibu,
kando.)
*Mbalungi, n. (mi-}, a citron tree,
its fruit being balungi. ;For other
varieties of orange see Mchungwa.)
Mbamba, n. ('-), (i) thin, flat
piece (of stone, metal, or other ma-
terial), plate, layer, sheet, strip, chip,
&c. Mbamba iva j'iwe, ji-we la
mbamba, a flat stone. Also (a) a
plant, a kind of Euphorbia. (Cf.
bamba, bambo, -embamba,}
Mbandiko, n. (wt-), a sticking
on, application (e.g. of a plaster,
&c.) (Cf. bandika.}
Mbanduko, n. (w*-), a taking off,
removing (e. g. of a plaster, covering,
clothes), a stripping off. (Cf.
bandna.}
Mbangi, n. (/*-) the Indian hemp
plant, from which the intoxicant
bangi is made. (Cf. afiuni, ma-
jnni, bangi.)
Mbango, n. a kind of wild \<\
with projecting tusks. Hen<
person with projecting teeth. (Sel-
dom in Z. ' ".ituruwc.)
Mbano, n. an instrumt
grasping and holding, force]
cers, a hand-vice, stick part'.-.
(Cf. bano, bana, t>an:i, kibano.)
Mbaraka, n. (mi-), also Barak*,
a blessing, in Z. more usual form
than />tir t tt\i. .S/MMM' ni rn.. taking
counsel brings a blessing. (Ar.
/.)
Mbarango, n. (wi-), also Ba-
rango, stout club, cudgel. Dim.
kttarango. (Cf. bakora.fimbo.)
Mbarika, n. (mi-), the castor-oil
plant, elsewhere on the coast called
mbono. Mafuta ya mbarika, castor-
oil.
MBARTJTI
216
MBELE
Mbaruti, n. (-), a thistle-like
weed.
*Mbashiri, n. (wa-}, one who
brings news, one who foretells, a
prophet. (Ar. Cf. bashiri.}
Mbasua, n. or Mbazua, giddiness,
craziness. (Cf. mazua, kizua, zulika.}
Mbata, n. a cocoanut in the final
state of ripeness and dryness, when
the nutty part inside gets loose from
the shell. Commonly used for copra.
(Cf. nazi, mnazi.}
Mbati, n. (perh. plur. from a sing.
uiuati}, the poles laid along the top
of a wall, or of side posts, supporting
the rafters on which the roof rests.
Mbatili, n. (wa-}, prodigal, spend-
thrift, gambler. (Cf. batili, and
bathiri, and syn. mharibifu, or mpo-
tevu, wa mali.}
Mbau, n. ('-), (i) a plank, a
board. Also (2)plur.of#fo,aplank,
i. e. timber generally, sawn wood.
Mbavuni, adv. by the side (of),
alongside, on the sides (skirts, flanks).
Mbavuni mwa mlima, on the flanks
of the mountains. Alimganda mba-
vuni, he stuck to his side, kept
close to him. (Plur. of ubavu,
with locative suffix -;'. Cf. kando,
Mbawa, n. plur. of ubawa (which
see).
*Mbayani, n. (wa-), a well-known,
notorious person. (Ar. Also
baini, which see.)
*Mbazazi, n. (wa-}, trader, dealer,
pedlar. (Ar. trader in calico,
draper. Cf. ubazazi, and syn. tajiri,
mchuruzi.}
Mbega, n. a monkey with long
black silky hair, white on the shoul-
ders. (Cf. kima.}
Mbegu, n. (i) seed, germ, that from
which a plant grows ; (2) breed,
race, stock. A wider term than
ehembe,punjc (a single grain, a sepa-
rate small thing), and including what
is planted and set to grow, i. e*.
bulbs, roots, seedlings, cuttings, &c.
Fig. of the germ of a disease.
*Mbeja, n. (wa-}, a person who is
neat, smart, well dressed, careful of
personal appearance. Mbeja wa
kano, a fine muscular man, athlete.
(? bxtbahaj. Cf. umbuji.}
Mbeko, n. perh. the same as
mbeleko (which see).
Mbele, adv. and n. (i) of place,
before, in front, on the near side,
on the far side, forward, beyond ; (2)
of time, long ago, previously, in the
past, in the future, hereafter; (3)
fig. in the front, in a prominent
place (as to rank, quality, value,
&c.). Mbele is often used with ya
or za (never no) in the above senses,
and also (4) in the presence (of), in
view of, and so, as compared with.
E.g. as a noun, 'something before,'
huna mbele huna nyuma, you have
nothing before or behind you, no
prospects or resources, you are utter-:
ly destitute. Neno hili ntaktielezea
mbele, I will explain this matter to
you presently. Tuendelee mbele , let
us go forward. Alikuja mbele, he
arrived previously. Haivi mume-we
mbele ya sheria, he is not her hus-
band in the eye of the law. Dunia
si kitu mbele yajua, the world (earth)
is nothing compared with the sun.
Akiba ya mbeleni, a provision for the
future. (Mbele is a plur. form from
ubele, orwele. Henceits prepositional
use with za, as well as ya. The seem-
ing vagueness of mbele, as meaning
' on the near side ' and ' on the further
side,' and also ' before ' and ' after '
in time, is generally removed by the
context suggesting the point of view.
If the idea of movement onward, pro-
gression, is suggested by the circum-
stances or only present in the mind,
then mbele is usually ' on the further
side, further on, after,' e.g. mbele ya
mlima, beyond the mountain, mbele
ya siku kuu, after the festival.
Otherwise mbele may equally well
mean ' in front of, before.' Alisi-
mama mbele ya mlima, he stopped
on this side of the mountain, in front
MBELEKO
217
MBOGA
of it. Hufunga mbelt ya siku kim,
there is a general fast before the
feast. Cf. kabla, nyuma, baada.}
Mbeleko, n. also Mbeko and
Ubeleko, a piece of calico used by
women for carrying a child on the
back while at work or walking. Such
a cloth is a usual wedding present,
made to the bride's mother. Ondoa
(vunja) mbeko, put to shame. (Cf.
fleka.)
Mbembe, n. (wa-), a coaxing, in-
sinuating, flattering person, a coquette,
a flirt. Also, a procurer. (Cf.
bentbeltza, ubembe, btmbt, and follg.)
Mbembezi, n. (wa-\ similar to
Mbembe. (Cf. ubcmt>
Mbibo, n. (m*-), the cashew-nut
tree also known as mkanju), bearing
the cashew apple (bibo) with the
attached nnt (korosho). (Cl.dunge,
kanju?)
Mbigili, n. (mi-\ a thorny brier-
like shrub.
Mbili, a. two, the form of -///
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 (P). (Cf.
.'/'.)
Mbilikimo, n. (wa-), a name by
which the pigmy races of the central
African forest region arc- known on
the coast, a dwarf.
Mbilingam.n.nnd Mbilingahya,
a plant producing the edible
able bHirtgani (of the tomato class),
sometimes called the mad-apple or
egg-plant.
Mbingu, n. j-lur. of uwingu, the
the heavens, heaven.
Mbinja. n. j.lur. of uwittja, whist-
ling. J'iga m. t give a whistle
eltsa m., make a long whistle.
fa, and ? wimfa,
i.e. of hunting-calls imit
birds, &c. Also niiunzi, msonyo.)
Mbinu. n. ( ), roundness.
ness, protuberance, a curve.
mtono, a plump, well-shaped arm.
Mbio, n. and adv., act of running,
running, with speed, fast, Piga
ike kimbia. En da m., go
Rd. nibio-mbio, at full
(Cf. kimbia, and syn. upesi,
quickly.
speed.
hinia.']
Mbirambi, used only in the semi-
Arab. expression of condolence to a
mourner, or bereaved person, or after
any great personal loss, viz. mbirambi
zako. Also in the form bi rabbi zako,
e.g. hunena bi rabbi zako. Hujibu t
zimepita, the usual words are ' thy
(sorrows) be with the Lord/ and the
usual reply, ' they are over.' (For
rambi and rabbi cf. bundi and buddi,}
Mbisho,n.iw*-), (i) act of striking,
knocking against ; (2 ) opposition, con-
tradiction ; (3) in navigation, beat-
ing to windward, tacking. Mbisho wa
pefio, the winds being contrary. (Cf.
bisha, bishoj ubishi.}
Mbisi, n. also bisi (which see),
parched Indian com. (Dist. tnbizi,
diving.)
Mbiu, n. (i) a buffalo's horn,
sometimes beaten as a musical instru-
ment ; (a) also blown to call public
attention, and so meaning .1 proclama-
tion. riga ;;/., give public notice,
announce. Ilipoku>isha /., when
the proclamation had been made.
(For horn cf. pembe, for^proclama-
tion httbiri, fangaza habari!)
Mbizi, n. a dive, diving.
(endd] m., dive. Hodari sana kwe-
. a first-rate diver. (Afbizi
is used mainly of the plunge itself.
Professional diving is described by
zama, which see.)
Mboja, n. (i) (mi-), the plant
which produces the boea, pumpkin.
.g. ukaota tnboga, uJeataa maboga
mengi, and 1 1
duced a number of pumpkins. (a)
when treated as I) 6, is a general
term for garden produo-
tables of all kinds, inchu'
above. Afboga ya fnvani, an
plant growing like a ^
. Sesuvium fc>
strum (Sac.), purslane. '
' getables arc do>j
ilinganya.
MBOLEO
218
MCHAKACHO
kiazi, tango, uwatu, mchicha, yugwa,
and several described as majani.)
Mboleo, n. manure, dung. (Cf.
syn. samadi)
Mbomoshi, n. (wa-), one who
throws down (demolishes, destroys,
ruins, &c.), a destroyer, a revolu-
tionist. (Cf. bomoa, bomosha.)
Mbona, adv. interrog., why? what
for? for what reason? (Cf. syn.
kwa nini, kwa sababu gani.)
Mboni, n. mboni ya jicho, the
seeing part of the eye, i. e. the apple
or pupil of the eye, also described as
mwana wa mboni. (Cf. ona.)
Mbono, n. (mi-}, (i) the castor-oil
plant, known usually in Z. as mbd-
rika, also (2) plur. of ubono, the seed
of this plant.
Mboo, n. (mi-), penis. (Syn.
Arab . firaka.)
Mbu, n. also imbu in Z. (rather
than wnbu) % mosquito.
Mbuai, a. invar, -savage, wild,
rapacious. Nyama mbuai, beasts of
prey. (Cf. ua, mwuaji. Peril, for
mbuaji. Cf. syn. -kali, -a mwitu.)
Mbugu, n. (mi-), a creeper, creep-
ing plant. (Cf. ubugu, bugu, and
mbungo.) .
Mbukulia, n. (iva~), one who gets
hold of and tells secrets, a gossip,
scandal-monger, tell-tale. (Cf. bu-
kua, and syn. mdaku, mdakizi.)
Mbungo, n. (mi-), a. creeping plant,
bearing an edible fruit resembling a
medlar (bungo), and producing india-
rubber, a kind of Landolphia. (Cf.
mtoria, and mbugu.)
Mbuni, n. (i) (wa-), an ostrich;
(2) (wa-), verbal noun of buni, i. e.
an inventor, author, originator, deviser,
e.g. mbuni kitabu (or, wa kitabu),
the author of a book; (3) (mi-), a
coffee plant, the berries being buni, or
buni za kahawa, whence the beverage
coffee (kahawa).
Mburugo,n.(w*-), and Mvurugo,
a stirring up, a mixing, a muddling,
disorder, mess. (Cf. buruga)
Mbururo, n. (mi-), (i) a pulling,
hauling, dragging ; (2) track or marks
made by pulling something along.
(Cf. bttrura, and mkokoto.)
Mbuyu, n . (mi-) , the baobab or cal-
abash tree, often of enormous girth
in proportion to the height, producing
a large nut (buyu), the hard shell of
which is used for drawing water, and
the kernel (ubuyu, a dry biscuit-like
substance with an acid taste) for
flavouring food. Siogopi unene wa
mbuyu, I am not afraid of a baobab's
size, i.e. appearance of strength with-
out reality, the wood being soft and
unworkable.
Mbuzi, n. ( ), and Mabuzi, of
size, (i) a goat; (a) an instrument
for grating cocoanut, i.e. mbuzi ya
kukuifia nazi, a piece of iron with
serrated edge fixed in a board. (Cf.
kibuzi. Next to fowls, goats are the
usual and often the only feasible in-
vestment for a native. The next is a
cow, or slave.)
Mbwa, n. ( ), a dog, an un-
clean animal to Mahommedans. M.
wa mwitu, a jackal, or wild dog.
M. koko, a bush-dog, the common
pariah or half-wild dog of Zanzibar,
of a reddish fox-like kind, living in
the plantations near the town in a
semi-domesticated state and invading
it in troops at night. (Cf. jibwa.)
Mbwai. See Mbuai.
Mbwe,n. ( ), small stone, pebble,
shingle, larger than changarawe.
(Cf. jiwe, kijiwe, kibwe.)
Mbweha, n. ( ), a fox, jackal.
Mbweu, n. ( ), also Mbweo,
belching, eructation. Pigct (enda)
mbweu, belch. (Cf. syn. Ar.
riyaki.)
Mchafuko, n. (-) disorder,
disturbance, chaos, confusion, mess.
M. wa watu, riot, tumult. (Cf.
chafua, and syn. ghasia.)
Mchago, n. (mi-), the end of a
bedstead, where the head rests. (Cf.
kitanda.)
Mchakacho, n. (i) a crushing, a
pounding, and so (2) a crackling,
MCHAKTOO
219
MCHELE
rustling sound, e.g. of feet on dry
grass and leaves. (Cf. chakacha,
and perh. mtakaso?)
Mchakuro, n. (i) a scratching;
(a) the sound of scratching. (Cf.
chakura.)
Mchana, n. (no plur.), day as op-
posed to night (usiku), daytime, day-
light. Mchana and usiku together
make one day, or period of twenty-
four hours. The mchana or period
of daylight at Zanzibar varies little
more than an hour in the course of
the year, so little that sunset, when-
ever it occurs, is taken as 6 p.m.,
the point from which the next twenty-
four hours are to be reckoned. An
evening salutation is Za mchana , ?
i. e. Habari za mchana . ? How have
you been to-day? with the invari-
able response, njcma, quite well. Also
used in Z. as a kind of challenge
word, e. g. Mchana usiku .? Are you
friend or foe? (lit. day or night).
Mchana kuchwa, the whole day long,
like usiku kucha, the whole night
long. Mchana is also used in a more
limited sense, midday, noon, also
mchana tnkuu, i. e. the height of day
ommonly athuuri, and jua
kichu\:> ;0, the
period before and after the midday
noun. Chakula cha mchana, the mid-
day meal, lunch, tiffin. The com-
monest divisions of daytime are al-
fajiri, when the first signs of it ap-
pear; kucha, dawn; assubuf.
noon including mafungulia njombe,
between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m.) ; <;.'
noon ; alaiiri, afternoon, about 3 p.m. ;
vening, till dark. I
conn, with .//,/, v. and kucha, kuchwa.
Cf. saa, siku, usiku.)
Mchanga, n. (no plur.), sand. M.
coarse sand. M. mwtmba-
Y w/i/W, loose, dry,
dust-like sand. Chtml<c ya mthanga,
. of sand, and pern, uchanga.
hanga, a., i.e. in a small un-
developed stage, or f-
MchanganyikQ, Mchanganyo,
n. (mi-), mixture, promiscuous ming-
ling, adulteration. (The two forms
only differ in voice, Act. and Xt.
'a mixing, a being mixed,' both being
covered by ' mixture.' Cf. chang-
any a.}
Mchango, n. (0**-), (i) collecting,
getting together, joining in an under-
taking, contribution, e. g. m. u>a
asikari, mustering soldiers ; m. wa
mali, raising funds from different
sources, (a) Intestinal worms, w.u<a
tumbo. (Cf. changa, chango, u-
chango.}
Mchanjo, n. (mi-), a cutting, a
lopping, &c. (Cf. chanja, chanjo.}
Mchanyato, n. a native dish,
bananas, cassava, &c., sliced up
and boiled with fish. (Cf. cha-
nyata!)
Mchawi, n. (wa-), a wizard, a
witch, one of either sex who pi
the black arts, a sorcerer, a magician.
Contr. mganga, whose art is in
the main under the control of, and
allowed by, the community. E.g.
hnyu ni tn^in^a, kisha ni
tnchawi, wala haicczckani, he's n
medicine-man, and what's more, a
wizard, and we cannot put up with
him. (Perh. conn with cha, v..
fear, as a passive form, ' a drraded one.'
For syn. cf. mwcinga, nnc
mlozi, i. c. mlogaji!)
Mohe, n. (mi-), seedling, slip,
shoot, cutting, young plan-.
Me he huu ni mtigam ? What tree is
this a cutting of? (Out. mchi,
mchu.)
Mchekeahaji, n. (wa-), an amus-
ing droll person, a wag, a clown, a
merry smiling person. (Cf. chtka,
and follg.)
Mohekeahi, n. (wa-), and Mohe-
hekeshaji.
Mcheko, n. (mi-), act (mani
cumstanccs) of laughing, &c. (Cf.
md prec.)
Mchelo, n. (mi-), rice, collec-
ic grain as gathered andcleaned
of the husk. Plural seldom heard, e. g.
MCHENGO
220
MCHU
wakala michele pia, they ate up all
the rice. Mchele has also a wider
sense, i.e. 'cleaned grain' in general,
hence mchele wa mtania, millet grain,
and mchde wa mpunga defining it as
' rice-grain.' Different sorts of rice
are known as sena, bungala, shi-
ndano, garafttu,kapwai, ktfungo, ma-
devu, mwanga, sifara, nchukwi.
(Dist. mpunga, the rice-plant, grow-
ing rice, and the various kinds of
cooked rice, wall, uji, ubwabwa.}
Mchengo, n. (mi-}, a cutting, esp.
of -wood, trees, bushes, stalks, &c.
(Cf. chenga, chanja, and kata}
Mchenza, n. (mi-}, a tree bearing
a large mandarin orange (chenza}.
(For other kinds cf. mchungwa.}
Mcheshi, n. (wa-}, a merry,
laughing, genial, amusing person.
(Cf. cheka, mchekeshi.}
Mchezi, n. (wa-}, one who plays,
a gay sportive person, a player, an
actor. (Cf. cheza, and follg.)
Mchezo, n. (mi-}, game, pastime,
amusement, sport. (Cf. cheza,
and prec., and syn. maongezi, ma-
zungumzo. For games cf. tinge, bao,
sataranji, karata,'tiabu, dama, ki-
shada.}
Mchi, n. (mi-}, a pestle, a pole of
hard wood used for pounding grain
&c. in a wooden mortar (kinu}. .
Mchicha, n. (mi-}, a common
plant with edible leaves, used as a
vegetable, like spinach. (Dist.
chicha.}
Mchikichi, n. (mi-}, the palm-oil
tree, bearing the fruit chikichi. (For
other palms see mnazi.)
McMnjaji, n. (wa-}, a butcher,
a slaughterer. (Cf. chinja, and
follg.)
Mchinjo, n. (mi-}, act (place,
manner, &c.) of slaying, slaughter,
butcfhery, massacre. (Cf. chinja.}
Mchirizi, n. (mi-}, anything for
collecting or draining away water, a
gutter, a channel, a stick or leaflet
or blade of grass for leading rain-
water from the trunk of a tree to a
pail. Also, the eaves of a house,
from which rain drips or trickles.
(Cf. churuzika.}
Mchiro, n. (wa-}, but better
ng'chiro, a mungoos.
Mchocheo, Mchocho, n. (mi-},
a poking up, a ro'using, stimulation,
from ehocha (which see).
Mchochoro, n. (mi-}, a narrow
alley, or passage between houses.
(Cf. kichochoro.}
'Mchokichoki, n. (mi-}, and
Mchokochoko, a tree bearing the-
fruit ckokichoki (which see) (Nephe-
lium Litschi, Sac.).
Mchomo, n. act or process of
burning, &c. See Choma, Chomo.
Also irritation, smart, pricking, stab-
bing, &c., and of cooking. (Cf.
mkaango, mtokoso, mwoko, &c.)
Mchonge, a. mchonge wa jicho,
a one-eyed person, i. e. mwenyi
chongo. (Cf. follg.)
Mchongo, n. (mi-}, a cutting, act
of cutting, making a cut, with axe.
knife, &c. Mchongo wa kalamu, cut-
ting a pen. (Cf. chonga, change,
chongo. }
Mchongoma, n. (mi-}, a thorny
shrub, with white flowers, and a small
black edible fruit (Str.). Used for
fences. Also ? a kind of Euphorbia.
Mchoro, n. (mi-}, carving, en-
graving, making a scratch or scrawl.
(Cf. chora, and follg.)
Mchorochoro, n . (wa-} , a scrawler,
scribbler, bad writer. (Cf. chora,
and prec.)
Mchoroko, n. (mi-}, the plant
which produces 'the edible bean
choroko (which see).
Mchoto, n. (mi-}, a small bit, a
scrap, a sample, a taste,' e. g. of a
delicacy or sweetmeat, sent as a
present. (Cf. chota, cholo.}
Mchovyo, n. (mi-}, a dipping,
plunging in a liquid, and so used of
tempering metals, process of plating
or coating with a substance or colour.
(Cf. chovya.}
Mchu, n. (mi-}, a kind of man-
MCHUKUZI
221
MDOSHI
grove, with tough whitish wood.
-:. niche, me hi.) '
Mchukuzi, n. (wa-), a bearer,
carrier, porter. (Cf. chukua, and
mfagazi, ha ma I i.)
Mchuraba, n. (wa-), one who
seeks or is sought in marriage, suitor,
lover, sweetheart, fiancee. (Cf.
chumba, kinyumba.)
Mchunga, n. (wa-), one who has
the care of animals, shepherd, herds-
man, groom, &c., with or without
a preposition. M. (wa) ng'ombe, a
cowherd. Albuzi was to m. t goats
without a goatherd. Also m. wa
gari, coachman, driver. (Ci.chunga,
Us ha.)
Mchungaji, n. same as Mchunga
(which see), the ji suffix denoting
a professional or habitual occupation,
shepherd, &c.
Mchungwa, n. (mi-), an orange
tree, bearing a sweet orange (chungwa)
of the common kind, plentiful during
nine months of the year in Z. (Cf.
chungwa, and for other varieties
mchenza, mliinan, tnbalitngi, nnidi-
mu, mkangaja, mdanzi, mfurungu.}
Mchuruzi, n. (wa-), small trader,
shopman, retail-dealer, pedlar, stall-
keeper. (Cf. chuntza, and syn.
mbazazi, mfanyi biashara, mwenyi
dubi.
Mchuei, n. (mi-), any kind of
gravy, tonp, sauce, broth, esp. as
used to flavour a dish of rice or other
cooked grain. Prov. mthuzi i
gravy means water, of something
indispensable. (Cf. <huza, and
kitvwto, kiungo.)
Mchwa, n. ( ), white ants, of
a small but destructive-
(For other varieties cf. chungu. sia/u,
maji ya moto, sisimisi, kun.
Mda, ,lso Muda (which
see), a space of time, period.
Mda*. n. (mi-), a plant used for
produi
Mdadisi, n. (wa-), one who ques-
tions, a
(Ar. Cf. dadisi.)
Mdago, n. (mi-), a kind of weed.
*Mdai, n. (wa-), a claimant, plain-
tiff, prosecutor, creditor. (Ar. Cf.
dai, dawa, mdawa, and mwii.)
Mdakizi, n. (wa-), similar to
Mdaku, and Mdukizi (which see),
eavesdropper, gossip-monger, &c.
Mdaku, n. (wa-), one who catches
up news, slanderer, tale-bearer, &c.
(Cf. prec. and daka.)
Mdalasini, n. (mi-), a cinnamon
tree, also the bark.
Mdanzi, n. (mi-), the tree bearing
the danzi, or bitter orange. (For
other kinds cf. ntchungwa.)
*Mdarabi, n. (mi'-), also Mtarabe,
the rose-apple tree, bearing the fruit
darabi.
*Mdawa,n. (i)(wa-), claimant, ac-*
cnser, prosecutor, opponent, assailant.
Sometimes (a) (mi-), a claim, suit,
legal proceedings. ( Ar. Like rndai,
cf. etai, dawa, and mshtaki, r.
*Mdeki, n. (mi-), a ramrod, ^hind-
ilia bunduki kwa mdeki, to load a
gun with a ramrod. (Ar.)
*Mdengu, n. (mi-), a plant pro-
ducing the small edible bean or pea,
dengu (which see).
*Mdeni, n. (wa-), a debtor, a
fXTson in debt. (Ar. C't
and mwii, wia, wiwa.)
*Mdila, n. (mi-), a coffee-pot.
f. buli, tc.-;
Mdimu, n. (mi-). See Mndimu,
the tree which bears the hn
tidimu.
Mdiria, n. (wa-), a '.
Mdo-l '.milling
plant producing the edible vegetable
dodoki, a kind of 1
Mdomo, n. (mi-), \\
mlomo, muotno, mwotno, (i) a lip;
(a) beak, bill (of a bird); (3) fig.
organ,
a projcc in K' n g P n:
wapandt, a hare-lip. Pigam.,\
also, make a long speech, be garni -
lous, but usually dome i:
sense. (Cf. dotno, and omo.)
Mdoahi, n. (mi-), a kind of pedal
MDUABA
222
MENO
or treadle, working the part of a
native loom which raises the threads
of the warp alternately. (Cf. mfu-
miifuma, kitanda.}
*Mduara, n. (mi-} t and Duara,
a circular thing, circle, round heap,
wheel, like duara (which see).
(Ar. Cf. mviringo, gurudumu.}
*Mdudu, n. (wa-),the most general
word for ' insect,' including ants, flies,
fleas, grubs, worms, and all small
creeping and flying creatures. Also
used of various diseases caused by, or
attributed by the natives to, parasites
and other insects in the body. (Ar.
Cf. dtidu, kidudu, and dist. dude.}
Mdukizi, n. (iua-}, eavesdropper,
gossip-monger, slanderer. (Perh.
the same as mdakizi, cf. daka, mdaku,
dakiza, dukiza.}
Mdukuo, n. (mi-}, a tap, push,
poke, thrust, given with stick, finger,
or open hand, e. g. mtie mdukuo
iva jicho, poke him in the eye. So
pigo la kidole.
Mdumu, n. (mi-}, commonly
dumu (which see), pot, mug.
Mdundo, n. (mi-}, used of a roll-
ing, rumbling sound, as of drums or
a band. (? Hind. dund. Cf. vuma,
mvumo.}
Me-, (i) as a tense-sign, marks
the completion of an action or pro-
cess, or the consequent state and
condition, and so supplies a Perfect
and Pluperfect Tense. This form of
the verb also often supplies the place
of a Past Participle. It can never be
combined with a relative-pfx., the
necessary forms being supplied by
the -/i- (Past) Tense. It is rarely
used with a negative pers.-pfx., sime-
kwambia ? Have I not told you ?
its place being supplied by the Past
Tense Negative with ku-. E.g. ame-
fika amechoka, he has arrived in a
tired state. Tukamkuta amekufa,
we found him dead. Amevaa nguo
nzuri, he is wearing fine clothes. (2)
as an initial syllable, sometimes
represents ma- combined with an -*',
e-, or -o following, e.g. makasha
mengine mengi, for ma-ingine, ma-
ingi, many other boxes ; mavazi me-
roro, for ma-ororo, soft clothes.
See A, E, I.
Mea, v. ' grow ' as a vegetable or
plant, of plant life, but also of parts
of the animal organization, which
resemble plants in growth, i.e. hair,
teeth, nails, &c. Also in a quasi-
active sense, e. g. butt likamea mbawa,
the grub grew wings. A p. melea,
grow in (on, by, &c.), grow as a
parasite of, and also in a quasi-passive
sense, be grown over, be overgrown,
e.g. shamba langu linamelea, my
plantation is overgrown (with weeds,
c.). Cs. meza, cause to grow,
e. g. Muungu antenimeza meno, God
has caused my teeth to grow. (T)ist.
meza, swallow.) (Cf. mmea, umea,
mmelea, kimelea, and syn. ota, kua.}
Mega, v. break off a piece, take a bit,
esp. with fingers or teeth, of taking
a share of food, a help from a common
plate or dainty. Ps. megwa. Nt.
megeka. Ap. meg-ea, -ewa. Cs. me-
gesha, e. g. invite to take a bite,
ask to help himself. Rp. mcgana, of
general consent or common action.
(Cf. follg. and tonge, mmego.}
Mego, n. (wa-}, a piece, a bit,
a morsel, a bite, a helping, esp. of
food. (Cf. mega.}
Meka-meka, v. a variant of meta-
meta, merimeta, memeteka, sparkle,
glitter, shine, be bright, fiery, &c.
(And cf. mulimuli^)
Meko, n. plur. of jiko (i. e.
majiko, maiko, meko} (which see), and
cf. figa, jifya, stones for supporting
a cooking-pot over the fire.
Memeteka v. also Memetuka,
sparkle, shine. (Cf. melameta.}
Mende, n. ( ), a cockroach. Also
a slang term for a rupee.
Mengi, a form of -ingi agreeing
with D 5 (P), i. e. maingi, mengi.
So mengine, from -ingine.
Mono, n. plur. oijino (i.e. majino,
maino, mcno}, teeth. Meno rneno,
MENYA
223
MFASIRI
battlements, usually arched or pointed
in Z. See Jino.
Menya, v. (i) shell, husk, peel,
e. g. sugar-cane ; (a) beat, pound
(not usual in Z.). (Cf. ambua,
chambua. faa, v.)
*Merikebu, n. ( ), also Marike-
bu, Marekabu, a ship, esp. of foreign
construction, as contr. with the native
vessel chombo. Various kinds are dis-
tinguished as merikebu ya matanga,
sailing vessel ; m. ya ttioshi, steamer
&\so ya do/iani; m.ya kazi or ya
serkalij a freight vessel, as contr.
with melt for passenger traffic ; m. ya
milingote miwili (tniwili u nussu,
mitatn , a brig or schooner (a barque,
a full-rigged ship). Ingia (panda)
mtrikebuni, go on board a vessel.
Shuka merikfbuni, disembark. (Ar.
Cf.jaAazi, chombo.)
Merimeta, v. sparkle, shine (cf.
metameta).
*Meshmaa, n. ( ), a candle.
(Ar. shamaa, sometimes changed to
mshumaa (mi-).)
*Meski, n. and Miski, musk.
Also similar scents. (Cf. marashi,
harufu.)
*Meskiti, n. also Msikiti, Mo-
kiti, a mosque. (Ar. changed from
mesgidi, masjidi, cf. sujudu.)
Meta, v. also Metameta, shine,
sparkle, glitter, be bright, &c., e.g.
of polished metal, t "in- flits, stars, &c.
meteka, e.g. ufxwga hu meteka
kotekote, the sword is bright all
Cf. mettiha, make shine, polish.
(Cf. memttuka,
mekameka,*\\ perh. variants of
similar sound. Also mm:
mulika, and (of steady light) ttg'aa,
\
anga.)
Methali, n. and conj., also in
'tali, mat ha I,
methili, mithili, mizli, \ a .
resemblance, em II lc,pr-
mtthali
ya t like, resembling, a likeness of, in
the likeness of, and so (a) as, like,
instance, same as the
commoner kama. Mithili ni kuiva
amena mtu, as for instance (it is as if)
he has committed a murder. (Ar.
Cf. syn. B. wfano, and conj. kama.)
Meza, v. (i) swallow, swallow up
(perh. a Cs. of mega (which see), i.e.
megesha, meta ; (2) Cs. oimca, cause
to grow.
*Meza, n. ( ), a table, raised
wooden bench, school form. Mtzani,
(of Europeans) at a meal, at dinner,
also a dining-room, mess-room, i. e.
ihumba cha kulia. (Portug. Cf.
Lat. niensa.)
Mfaa, n. (mi-), centre-piece of
native door, fixed to one valve,
the other closing against it. (Cf.
rnlango.)
Mialme, n. (wa-).king, chief,ruler,
sultan. (Cf. ufalme, and syn./wwfo,
sultani, mkuu.)
Mfano, n. (mi-), likeness, re-
semblance, similitude, emblem, sam-
ple, pattern, parable. Mfano iva
maneno, an allegory, parable. Kiva
mfano wa, or only mfano na, like.
Also mfano alone, as con .
mfano nguoyapili, it acts as another
garment. (Cf. fanana, kifano,
and syn. Ar. methali, and conj.
kama?)
Mfanyi, n. (wa-\ a doer, a maker,
one who practises, usually as a ver-
bal noun k'oviTiiing another noun,
e. g. mfanyi biashara, a trader, a mer-
chant ; mfanyi viatu, a shoemaker.
(Vromfanya.)
Mfaranaa, n. (wa-), also MfVa-
naa, Mfaraai nan. (From
J'rartfais. -:sa.)
Mfariji, n. (wa-), one who com-
forts, a comforter, a consoler. (Ar.
Cf./an>/.)
Mfarika.n. (iva-), a yonng animal,
goat, sheep, &c., grown 1
yet breeding. (A *i'and
Mfariki,n.alivuirr,csp. acomb-
-sed in weaving.
Same as faraka (which see).
Mfasiri, n. (wa-), an expounder,
MFATHILI
224
MFTTMA
interpreter, translator. (Ar. Cf.
fasiri, and mfcalirnani.}
*Mfathili, n. (wa-}, a benefactor,
helper, akind, liberal, generous person.
(Ar. a.fathili.}
Mfenessi,n. (wz-), a jack-fruit tree,
a single fruit of which often weighs
over 20 Ib. (Ct.fenessi.}
Mflchaji, Mflchifichi, n. (wa-},
one who habitually conceals, a very
reserved or retiring person. (Cf.
Jicha, and -nyamafu.}
Mflgili, n. (mi-}, and Mfljili,
kind of radish-plant, with an edible
root, figili.
Mfiko, n. (mi-}, arrival, reach,
range. Mfiko tva lisasi, range of a
bullet (gunshot, rifle). (Ci.fika.}
*Mfilisi, n. (wa-}, one who forces
another into ruin, bankruptcy, &c.,
a distrainer, defrauder, embezzler.
(Ci.jfilih, and follg.)
*Mfilisika, n. (wa-}, a ruined per-
son, bankrupt. (Cf. prec.)
Mflnessi, n. See Mfenessi.
Mfinyangi, n. (wa-}, alsoMflnya-
nzi (and -ji), a worker in clay, a potter.
Mfinyanzi hulia gae, a potter eats
off a potsherd, i. e. is no millionaire.
(CLfinyanza.finya, ufinyanzi.}
Mfisha, Mfishaji, n. (wa-\ one
who kills, a slaughterer. (Cf. /a,
fisha."] ' .
*Mfithuli, n. (wa-}, an insolent,
rude, overbearing, insulting person.
(Ar. Cf. fit hull, ufithuli) and syn.
mjettri.)
*Mfltini, n. (wa-}, one who causes
discord, a quarrelsome person, brawler,
agitator, disturber of peace, mutineer,
conspirator. (Ar. Cf.fitina,fitini.}
Mfiwi, n. (mi-}, plant producing
theyfa/i, Cape bean.
Mfo, n. (mi-}, torrent, rain-fed
stream, flood, also the channel or
bed of a torrent. Mfo mkavu, dry
bed, of a torrent. Leo kumeshuka
mfo, hakupitiki, to-day a flood has
come down, it is impossible to cross.
Mto alikuwa na mfo, the river was
in flood. (CLfuriko, and mto.}
*Mforsadi, n. (mi-}, a mulberry
tree, bearing the fruit forsadi.
Mfu, n. (wa-), a dead person.
(See -fu. Cf. /a, v., kifo, ufu, and
syn. maiti.)
Mfua, (i) (wa-), one who beats,
esp. of one who works in metal with
hammer, &c.. a smith. A verbal-
noun from fua, governing a noun
following, e.g. nifua chuma(thahabu,
fetha, &c.), a blacksmith (goldsmith,
silversmith, &c.). Mftta nguo, one
who washes clothes, a washerman
(commonly dobj. in Z.). (2) (mi-},
mifua (or mifuo), bellows. Vukuta
mifua, blow bellows. (Cf. /IM,
mvukuto.}
Mfuasi, n. (wa-), (i) a follower,
adherent, retainer, disciple ; (2) a
pursuer, tracker. (Cf./uata.)
Mfufuzi, n. (wa-), one who raises
from the dead, restorer of life. (Cf.
fufua.}
Mfugo, n. ('-), taming, breed-
ing, rearing of birds or animals.
M. wa nyama, cattle breeding. M. wa
frasi, keeping a stable, breaking-in
horses. Nina mifugo mingi, I rear
many kinds of animals. (CLfuga.}
Mfuko, n. ('-), a bag, a pocket,
a general term, with dim. kifuko, and
fuko (ma-}, a large bag, travelling
bag, saddle-bag. (Cl.fukia,fukua.
Various kinds of bags are fumba,
kifumba, gunia, kiguni^ kanda,
kikanda, mbatu, mkoba, mtumba,
&c.)
Mfukuzi, n. (wa-}', (i } homfukuza,
pursuer, persecutor ; (2) homfukua,
gS er > miner, pitman.
Mfulizo, n. (mi-}, causing to go
on, giving an energetic impetus, a
pull, tug, haul, thrust, shove, &c.
Kwa mfulizo mmoja, all pulling to-
gether. (CLfua'fuh'za, and follg.)
Mfululizo, n. (mi-}, also Mfufu-
lizo, a Rd. form of mfulizo, a going on
and on, a regular progression, series,
succession. Siku tano ya mfululizo,
five consecutive days. (Cf. prec.)
Mfuma, Mfumaji, Mfumi, n.
MFTJMBATI
225
MGANGO
(wa-), one who weaves, a weaver.
Mfuma nguo, a weaver of cloth.
mfumi, a weaver's loom.
Mfumaji wa Aariri, a silk weaver.
(Cf. /w///a, and kitanda.)
Mfumbati, n. (>/'-), side-piece of
the frame of a native bedstead. See
Kitanda.
Mfumi, n. See Mfuma.
Mfumo, n. (mi-\ (i) art (act,
process, &c.) of weaving ; (a) tex-
ture, fabric. Mfumo tuake mzuri, it
is a well-woven stuff. (Cf. fuma,
M/uwi, kitanda cha m/umi, mtande
(warp), mshindio (woof).)
Mfungizo, n. (#'-), a fastening
up, an investment, blockade, siege.
(Cf./un?a,/nfi^tza, and wazingiwa.)
Mfungo, n. (-), (i) a fastening,
shutting, closing, tying, &c. (see
Funga . and (a) esp. fasting, used
both of such fasts as the month Rama-
than and of the carnival immediately
preceding it. Mfungo wa Ulaya,
European mode of fastening. (Cf.
funga, kifungOy and follg.)
Mfunguo, n. (#'-), unfastening,
;, loosing, releasing, &c. (see
Fungua). Used to describe the
nine months following the month of
fasting, Ramathan, vi/. mfunguo wa
most, wa /i/i, wa tatu, &c., the
remaining three being called by t he-
Arabic names Rajabu, Shaabani, Ka-
mathani. (Cf./ungua, and prec.)
Mfunza, Mftinmaji, Mfunzi, n.
(wtf-), a teacher, instructor, tutor.
: ia t and tyn. mwali-
mu, mk*fun*i } fundi. Dist. funta,
maggot.)
Mfuo, n. (///), (i) beating,
hammering, &c., verbal of
(2) a groove, crease, mark made by
;pe, band of colour,
i ya mi/no, ruled
paper. Nguo ya mi/uo, stnped cloth,
cllows ;
(4) infuo wa :hc Ixraling of
waves on the shore, and also, the beach,
i the sea. (Cf. ufuo, ttfuko,
and/wa.)
Mfupa, n. (///-), a bone. Mifufa,
a skeleton. Mifupa miluptt, a mere
skeleton, i. e. very emaciated. Dim.
kifupa. (Cf. ufupa, fupa.}
*Mfuria, n. also kanzu ya
'/ifun'a, an Arab garment, a sort
of loose cloth coat, with a collar,
but no sleeves. (Perh. Ar., meaning
fur coat.)
Mfurungu, n. (wi-), the tree
which bears the shaddock, furungu.
(Cf. mchungTva.}
Mfuto, n. (we-), (i) a wiping,
sweeping, clearing off, erasing, aboli-
tion, absolution ; (2) used to denote
a common, plain, rough, inferior
article of any kind, e. g. mlango wa
rn/uto, a plain door, without carving
or ornamentation. Mkeka wa tnfuto,
a plain, cheap mat. (Cf. futa.)
Mfuu, n. (#'), a tree bearing
a small black edible berry ( ;
Mfyozi, n. (wa-}, an abusive,
scornful, insolent person. (Cf.fyoa,
and syn. mfithuli.}
Mgauda, n. (wi-), (i) a bundle,
a sheaf, e.g. of rice or other crop;
(a) a kind of drum (cf. ngoma).
(Cf. ganda, and follg.)
Mgandisho, n. (tni-\ causing to
coagulate (set, curdle, thicken), co-
agulation. (Cf.ganda, and follg.)
Mgando, n. (mi-). Mgando wa
iron smelted and run out
to cool, pig iron (cf. mktto .
chuma mgando^ make wrought iron.
(Cf. gunda, and prec,)
Mganga, n. (wa-) t a native doc-
tor, medicine man, the recognized
representative of superior km
on all subjects mysterious to the
nind, and regarded with ic-
spect, fear, or toleration accordingly.
The mchawi is, on the other hand,
not recognized or tolerated as a rule
ommumty. however useful
hit services may be to individuals.
ous medicine man. (Cf. gang a,
, and w./'
Mgango, n. ('//*-), a binding up,
MGAWANYA
226
MGUNYA
splicing, mending. (Cf. ganga,
gango, kigango.}
Mgawanya, Mgawanyi, n. (wa-},
a divider, a distributor. (Cf.gawa,
gawanya, and follg., also mwenezi.}
Mgawo, n. (mi-}, and Mgao, a
dividing, division, distribution, par
tition. So also Mgawanyo. (Cf.
gawa, and prec.)
Mgema, n. (wa-}, and Mgemi, a
man who climbs and taps cocoanut
trees to get palm-wine (tembd). This
business (mgemo, kugemd} is a regu-
lar profession, and in Zanzibar is often
carried on by Digo men from the
coastland a little north of Z. Cf.
Prov. mgemi akisifiwa tembo hulitia
moji, if the tapper hears his tap
praised he waters it. (Cf. gema,
and tembo.}
Mgemo, n. See Mgema.
Mgeni, n. (wa-}, (i) a stranger,
new-comer, foreigner; (2) a guest.
Mgeni na aje mwenyeji apone, let the
foreigner come that the native may
be the better off. (Cf. -geni.)
Mgereza, n. See Mwingereza.
*Mghalaba,n. competition, rivalry.
Bei ni mghalaba, commerce is com-
petition. (Ar. Cf. gkalibu, and
syn. B. shindana.'}
Mgogoro, n. (mi-}, (i) an obstacle,
obstruction, e. g. a stone or tree in a
road; (2) a difficulty, nuisance,
trouble, worry. (Cf. syn. zuizo,
tatizo, kwao.}
Mgoja, n. See Mngoja.
Mgomba, n. (i) (mi-}, the banana
plant, plantain tree, bearing the
fruit ndizi (which see), and pro-
ducing a strong fibre (ugombd); (2)
(a/a-), verbal noun of gomba (which
see, and cf. follg.).
Mgombwe, n. (mi-}, bull's-mouth
shell (Cassis rubra, Str.).
Mgomvi, n. (wa-}, a quarrelsome
person, brawler. (Cf. gomba,
ugomvi, and nifitini.'}
Mgongo, n. (mi-}, (i) the back,
back part, back-bone, of man or
animal ; (a) of things resembling the
back, anything raised, ridge, hump,
edge. Geuka (elekeza, pd} m., turn
the back, in fear, contempt, &c.
(Cf. pa kishogo}. Lala mgongoni,
lie on the back (cf. kichalichali,
kitanitani). M. iva nyurnba, ridge
of a roof. Nyumba ya m., a house
with ridge-roof (cf. pad}. Njia ya
m., a raised path, causeway. M.
wa mwitu, a thick line of trees, a
forest ridge. Kinyosha m., a back-
straightener, i. e. a gratuity after a
hard job. (Cf. jongo, kijongo, ki-
biongo, maongo, all of which point
to ongo, a form not used in Z. but
occurring in mongo, mwongo, a back,
in other dialects. Congo, a thick
stick, is different, cf. gonga, strike,
beat.)
Mgonjwa, n. (wa-}, a sick person,
an invalid, used of any bodily
ailment, serious or slight. Cf.
mwele, bedridden, crippled, of more
serious illness, disablement, e. g. mgo-
njwa aweza kutembea kidogo, mwele
amekazwd na marathi, hawezi ku-
tembea, a mgonjwa can (at least)
just move about, a mwele is gripped
by his malady and cannot move.
(Cf. -gonjwa, gonjweza, ugonjwa, and
use of hawezi, as a semi -noun, and
contr. mzirna, sound, in good health.)
Mgoto, n. (mi-}, (i) act of beat-
ing, knocking together, blows, strokes,
clashing, sudden meeting, conflict,
and (2) commonly of the sound of
such beating, e. g. m. wa makasia, the
beat of oars, both act and sound ;
m. wa maji, the sound of meeting or
falling water. (Cf. gota, andfigo,
shindo, mbisko.}
Mgunga, n. (mi-}, a kind of acacia
(Sac.).
Mguno, n. (wz-), a grumbling,
grunting, murmuring, complaining,
discontent. (Cf. guna, nung'u-
nika.}
Mgunya, n. (iva-\ a native of a
coast district between Mombasa and
the river Juba. They use the sailing
vessel called tepe.
MGUEUGURU
227
MHOQO
Mguruguru, n. (wa-}, a large
kind of lizard, living in holes and
feed ing on insects. (For other varie-
ties cf. mjMsi, kenge.)
Mguu, n. (mi-\ (i) the leg, of
man or any kind of living "creature,
and esp. the lower part of it, the foot ;
(a) anything resembling a leg, in
shape or function. Enda kwa miguu,
go on foot, walk. SHika miguu (ya),
make obeisance (to), become a sub-
ject or dependent (of). Pamia (tarnta)
miguu, take long strides. (Cf.
\T/#.)
*Mhabeshi, n. (a-tf-\ an Abyssi-
nian, esp. of the female, valued
as a slave from the light complexion.
(Cf. Habcshia.}
*Mhadirau, n. (wa-) t a Hadimu,
one of the earlier inhabitants of the
islan<l of Zanzibar, living mostly on
the east and south of the island, re-
their own dialect and customs,
and till latterly some independence.
Mostly fishermen. (Ar. Cf. ha-
dimu, hudumu.}
'Mhajiri, n. (wa-), an emigrant,
settler, colonist, also one who travels
a as a pilgrim. (Ar. Cf.
hajiri, and haj.}
*Mhalbori, n. a strip of lining
under the ornamental silk stitching
down the front of a kanzu (Sir.).
Mhamiahi, n. (w-) a wandering,
unsettled, homeless person, a nomad,
pilgrim, tramp, vagrant. (Cf.
hama, mahamf.)
'Mharabu, n. (wa~\ a destructive
person, a destroyer, a vandal. (Cf.
haribit, and syn. mwau
*Mhaahiri,n. (mi-),orMwathirl,
a strong beam, by which the mast is
position in a native
vessel. (Cf. mlingoti^)
Mhassi, n. (wa-). a castrated
r animal, a eunuch. (Ar.
:tsai, and s)n. fuwashi.)
*Mhenaerani, n. rni-), a plant
producing a small kind of cane, h<n-
*Mhimili, n. (i) (-), that which
carries (bears, supports), a beam,
girdle, post, prop, bearing. Also
(2) (wa-), a patient, enduring person.
(Ar. Cf. Himili, Hawaii, hirnila, sta-
himili, and for ' patient ' nnmmilivu.)
Mhina, n. (tni-\ the henna plant,
the leaves of which steeped in water
produce a red dye, much used for
ornamental staining of fingers, feet,
and often donkeys. (Cf. hina.}
*Mhindi, n. (i) (wa-\ also com-
monly Muhindi, a native of India,
but in Z. usually restricted to the
Mahommedan Hindoos, who are
divided into two chief sects, the
Bohoras and Khojas, each with their
own mosques, burial grounds, clubs,
&c. The heathen Hindoos are called
Baniani (ma-). (Cf. Hindi t ki-
Hindi.) (a) (mi-\ also commonly
Muhindi, the plant bearing maize,
or Indian corn also called Muhindi^
in its natural state and collectively.
Single cobs are called gunzi, /
and the grains when separated tna-
hindi. (Cf. Hindi, gunsi, bisi,
kumvi, ganda.)
*Mhitaji, n. (wa-), (0 a person
who wants (needs something), a
candidatc,.applicnnt, petitioner
one who is needy, in want, poor.
K.g. mimi si mhitaji tiawe (or
kwako), I want nothing fror
Bwana alikuwa tajiri, sasa mhitaji,
my master was once rich, m-u
poor. (Ar. Cf. hitaji, nHttaji,
Haja, and syn. n:
Mhogo, n. (wi-) Also com
Muhogo, the cassava or manioc
plant, producing the edible roots,
also called in their natural state
.Actively mHogo, muHogo.
Very large roots are called hogo,
mahogo. The roots are cut in strips
(cf. kopa % ubale) and dried; then,
anted, pounded and boiled.
There are s< tics, m. wa
bungala and m. Murusi, with
stems, sweet and cat a
cooking ; m. wa kindoro, m. nangwa t
MHUNZI
228
m. mclnmgu, with green stems
bitter, and requiring (excepting in one
variety) to be dried before eaten
E. g. siuchezei mhogo mcJnmgu, I do
not play with bitter cassava. Enga
muhogo, cut cassava in slices for
cooking.
Mhunzi, n. (wa-}, a worker in
metals, or stone, a smith, a stone-
cutter. Usually defined by a word
following, e.g. m. wa chuma (fetha,
bati}, a blacksmith (silversmith,
tin-worker). M. wa mawe, a stone-
cutter, carver in stone. (Cf. mfua,
and fun di.)
Mi-, Plur. Pfx. of D 2, e.g. mti,
a tree, miti, trees.
*Mia, n. and a., a hundred, one
hundred, -a mia, hundredth. Mia
kwa moja, one per cent. Mia mia,
hundreds, in hundreds, of a large
indefinite quantity. (Ar. Cf. dual
from miteen.}
Miaa, n. plur. also Miyaa. See
Mwaa.
Mikambe, n. Piga m., in bath-
ing, duck down and throw one
leg over so as to strike the water
with it.
*Mila, n. ( ), custom, habit, pro-
pensity, usage. (Ar. Cf. desturi,
tabiaj ada.}
'^jiil^le, n. and adv., eternity,
perpetuity, -a milele, continual, never
ending, everlasting. As adv., always,
perpetually, for ever. Mai'sha na
milele, for life and for ever, for ever
and ever. Also Umilele. (Ar.
Cf. syn. daima, siku zote.}
Milhoi, n. one kind of evil spirit.
MIONGONI
Milia, n. plur. of mlia, but used
as a., striped. Punda milia, zebra.
(Cf. mlia.}
*Miliki, v. possess, be owner
(ruler, king) of, rule, exercise au-
thority over. Ps. milikiiva. Ap.
milik-ia, e.g. hold in trust for, be
regent for, rule in (for, with, &c.).
Cs. milik-isha t -ishwa, put in posses-
sion, make king or ruler. (Ar. Cf.
maliki, malkia, mamlaka, and follg.
Also syn. tawala.}
*Milki, n. ( ), sometimes also
Mulki, and treated as if D 2, posses-
sion, property, dominion, kingdom.
(Ar. Cf. prec.)
Mimba, n. ( ), conception, preg-
nancy, embryo. Shika (chukua,
tunga,-wa no] mimba, be (or , become)
pregnant, conceive. Tia /., cause to
be pregnant. Haribu w., cause mis-
carriage, miscarry. Also of plants,
mtama unafanya mimba, the millet
is just forming the ear. (Cf. /-
mila, uzito.}
*Mimbara, n. ( ), pulpit, in a
mosque. (Ar.)
Mimi, pron. of i Pers. S., I, me.
Also often miye. Mimi mwenyewe,
mimi nafsi yangu or bi nafsi yangu,
I myself. -angu mimi, my own.
(All the personal pronouns are re-
duplicated forms, except the third
plural, mimi, wewe, yeye, sisi, ninyi,
woo.}
Mimina, v. (i) pour out, pour,
spill, of anything in a fluid state, and
so (2) run into a mould, cast. Ame~
nimiminia samli chomboni mwangu,
he has poured me out some ghee in
my vessel. Mkate wa kiimimina, a
kind of confectionery. Ps. mimi-
mwa. Nt. miminika, e.g. be
poured, out, overflow. Ap. mimin-
ta -iwa. Cs. mimin-isha, -ishwa.
. follg., and mwaga, pour away,
subu, cast.)
Miminiko, n. (ma-\ something
poured out, a casting. (Cf. prec.)
Minya, v. press, squeeze, squeeze
out. Rp. minyana. (CLjtnya y
and syn. kama, kamua.}
Mio, n. plur of umio (which see),
2) (ma-}, amplif. form of umio (cf.
kimio), e.g. mio la mnyama, the
*hroat-passage of an animal.
Miongoni, plur. locat. form from
'nwongo (which see), number, account,
reckoning. Used in miongoni mwa,
as a prepositional phrase, in the
number of, among, from among, on
MIRATHI
220
MJIGUU
the side of, in the party of, i. e. ka-
tikn hesabu ya. Hawa si miongoni
.-:/, these are not among my
people, in my sen-ice.
*Mirathi, n. inheritance, heritage,
for more usual urithi. (Ar. Cf.
Hthi.)
*Miski, n. and Meski, musk, or
similar perfume.
*Misko, n. Moscow, and used for
Russia.
*Misri, n. Egypt. (Ar.)
*Miteen, n. and a., two hundred.
-a nriteen, two-hundredth. (Ar.
dual of tnia, i. e. inia mbili?)
*Mithili, n. likeness, resemblance,
similitude, same as Methali (which
see). Usually (i) in prepositional
phrase mithili ya, like, just as, or
only mithili. (2) as conj., for (or
with kama), as, like, like as. A r a-
taka kasha mithili ya Ait, I want
a box of this pattern. IVakaonana
mithili kama auwali, and they met
like as at first. (Ar. Cl.methali,
kama.)
Miunzi, n. plur. of nncunzi,
which is seldom used, whistling,
miuHzi, whistle.
nja y mbinja, msonyo)
Miwa, i). plur. of muwa ) or mwa,
sugar
Miwaa, n. plur. of mwaa (which
*ee).
*Miwani, n. a pair of spectacles,
eye-glasses. Commonly described
as mat- ho mawili, double eyes. (Ar.)
Miyo, pron. i I'crs. S., same as
:ac. (Cf. vxye, yeyc,
sift.)
*Mieani, n. (i) weighing machine,
balances, scales, i called
. and the beam of the scales
mtangt. Also (a) the pendulum, or
balance, regulating a machine, clock,
&c. (Ar. Cf. :/
uthtini.)
Mja. n. (-) verbal of ja t one
who comes, and so (i) a nc\\
foreigner, .
.not usual iu /.,
for mtumwa. Ada ya mja, httnena ;
rnngwana ni kitendo, a slave talks,
but a free man acts.
Mjakazi, n. (wa-), a female slave.
(Cf. kijakazi, and mtumwa. Perh.
mja, and kazi, work, but kazi, mxazi,
in some dialects means a woman.)
Mjane, n. (wff-), a widowed,
bereaved person, male or female,
a widow, a widower. (Cf. njatie.)
Mjanja, n. (wa-) t cheat, impostor,
knave, sharper. (Cf. -janja t u-
janja, and syn. ayari, mkopi.)
Mjeledi, n. ('-;, whip (of
leather), thong, strap. Piga (tia)
mijeltdi, beat with a whip. (Ar.
leather. Ci.jelidi, jalada, and nka~
nda.)
Mjengo, n. (#'-), (i) act (pro-
cess, style, method) of building,
architecture, also (2) thing built,
erection, structure, e. g. encampment,
hut. (C(.j**g*,MXgi mjfMzi.}
Mjenzi, n. (wa~), a builder, esp.
in native style, i. e. of wooden struc-
tures. (Cf. mwashi, of stone work.)
Kwcnyi mid hakuna tnjcnzi, \\lcic
the trees are, there is no one to use
them. (Cf.jtnga, and prec.)
Mji, n. (/*'-), (i) village, ham-
let, town, city, i. e. a collection of
human dwellings irrespective of num-
ber, 5 or 5,000. (Cf. kijijfi ki-
tongoji.) Used with and without
preps. Toka (pndoka, &c.) kntika
mjt, or mjini, or mji only. So fttJa
(fika^ &c.) katika vtji, or m
mji. (2) middle of a piece of cloth ;
(3) after-birth, j-lacmta, and some-
times of the womb itself. (Afji is
r Hantu di
:^tant, as also maji, water.)
Mjiari, n. (OTI-), tiller-rope
fStr.). Alsow/,.
for other ropes.)
*Mjibu, n. an affable, pleasant,
accessible person. (Aral
/''.)
*Mjiguu. n. (tta-), a large-
tcet (or
long-legged). (Cf kij:
MJIKO
230
MKABITHI
Mjiko, n. (mi-}, lower bowel, rec
turn (Kr.). (Ci.Jika.}
Mjima, n. (wa-}, one who co
operates, or gives friendly help, an
assistant. (Cf. ttjima.}
Mjinga, n. (wa-}, a fool, simple
ton, ignoramus, dupe, and esp. o.
innocent ignorance, inexperience, anc
so, new-comer, raw slave, greenhorn
tenderfoot. Akawa mjinga, kama
mbuzi ilia kasoro, he was a fool, like
a goat and even worse. Mjinga nt
mtu, usinette ni ngombe, a simpleton
is a human being, do not call him a
cow, a native type of silliness
(Cf. mpumbafu,barazuli, mzuzu.}
Mjio, n. (mi-}, coming, arrival.
Verbal of ja, v. (Cf. majilio,
jioni.}
Mjoli, n. (wa-}, fellow slave, mem-
ber of same establishment, fellow
servant. (Cf. mtumwa.}
Mjbmba, n. (wa-}, (i) uncle,
nephew, the term being used by
each of the other. But mjomba also
is used especially of the uncle on the
mother's side, who is also called
baba mkubiva or mdogo (according as
he is older or younger than the
father). Contr. amu (Ar.), uncle
on the father's side. (2) a native
name for a Swahili, the Swahili
region being called Ujomba, and lan-
guage kijomba.
Mjukuu, n. (wa-}, grandchild, or
other relation of the second genera-
tion, grand-nephew (or -niece), second
cousin (male or female). Fig. as in
majuto ni mjukuu, remorse is a
grandchild, i. e. comes at length.
(Cf. kijukuu, kilembwe, kiningina.}
Mjumbe, n. (wa-}, messenger, go-
between, deputed person, ambassador,
delegate, representative. Mjumbe
hauawi, a messenger's person is
sacred. (Cf. jumbe, kijumbe, u-
jumbe.}
Mjume, n. (wa-}, a skilled work-
man who executes ornamental work,
engraving, inlaying, &c. on weapons,
and personal ornaments. M. wa
visu, a high-class cutler. (Cf.
ujume, mj iitnu.}
Mjumu, n. or Njumu, inlaid
work, ornamental decoration with
various materials.
Mjusi, n. (wa-}, (i) a lizard, of
the smaller sort, of which there are
many varieties. (For larger kinds
cf. guruguru, kenge.} (2) a lizard-
shaped ornament worked in silk
stitches on the front of a kanzu
(which see).
Mjuu, n. used of wind, as blow-
ing, above or overhead. (Cf./#.)
Mjuvi, n. (wa-}, a saucy, impu-
dent, inquisitive, prying, intruding
person. (Cf. jua, ujuvi, and
follg.)
Mjuzi, n. (wa-}, one who knows,
a well-informed, large-minded, saga-
cious, wise person. Mwenyezi Mngu
ni msikizi na mjuzi wa killa kitu,
Almighty God hears and knows
everything. (Cf. jua, ujuzi, and
prec.)
Mkaa, n. (i) (wa-}, one who sits,
remains, lives, &c., an inhabitant,
a resident, an occupant. Mkaaji-
koni, a kitchen maid, a Cinderella.
(Cf. kaa, and follg.) (2) (mi-},
a tree, the bark of which is used
medicinally as an astringent.
Mkaaji, Mkaazi, n. (wa-}, an
nhabitant, regular occupant, a stay-
at-home, not a traveller, contr. to
mpitaji, mhamishi. Ukiwa mkaazi,
'ehga, if you are come to stay,
mild a house. (Cf. kaa, v. and
irec.)
*Mkabala, Mkabil, adv. mostly
n prepositional phrase, mkabala wa,
n front of, facing, opposite, corre-
ponding to, fronting. Also, in front,
uture. (Ar. Cf. kabili, kabla,
kibula, &c., and lekea.}
*Mkabithi, n. (wa-}, verbal of
'abithi, one who holds, keeps, &c.,
nd so (i) a trustee, one who holds
)roperty or money; (a) a miser, an
conomizer, a thrifty person. (Cf.
abithi, and bahili.}
MKADAMU
231
MKATE
*Mkadamu, n. (wa-), and Muka-
damu. See Kadamu.
Mkadi. n. (/*-)> a pandanus tree,
with strongly scented leaves used" in
perfumes, and large fruits like pine-
apples.
Mkaguo, n. (mi-), inspection,
visitation, review. (CL kagua, and
follg., also angalia, tazamia.)
Mkaguzi, n. (wa-), an inspector,
examiner, reviewer. (Cf. kagua,
and prec.)
Mkahaba, n. (wa-), also Kahaba
(ma-), prostitute.
*Mkahawa, n. (mi-), coffee-house,
restaurant, cafe\ . A square containing
several of these in Z. is known as
Mkahawani. (Cf. kahawa!)
Mkaja, n. (mi-), cloth worn by
women round the body, esp. after
child-birth, one of the presents usu-
ally made to the bride's mother at
marriage. (Cf. mbeleko, and follg.)
*Mkalimani, n. (wa-), interpreter,
i. e. in a professional sense, one who
is employed to translate into and from
an unknown tongue. (Ar. kalitna,
a word, cf. syn. nifasiri. Mkalimu
is also used for teacher.)
Mkalio, n. (mi-), a customary
wedding fee, one of several given
to the bride's attendants, lit. sitting
by, like kiosha miguu, kifa mkono,
:ia tnlango, &c.
M kamba, n. (mi-), a larger species
of sea crab. (Cf. kamba, and tea.)
Mkamshe, n. (mi-) t a i
wooden spoon (Sir.). (Cf. mw*&>.)
Mkana, n. (wa-), verbal of kana,
!io denies, repudiates, &c.
Mkana Afuuneu, an atheist. (Cf.
t anus hi, ttkanyo, uAani, Sec.)
Mkandaa, n. (mi-), a k
owing abundantly on the
coast in East Africa. The bark is
used for tanning, and furnishes a red
dye. 'I aight trunks supply
of commcr
poles used for carrying concrete roofs
in house-building. (Cf. mkoko, and
mui.)
Mkangaja, n. (mi-), a tree bear-
ing a small kind of mandarin orange
(kangajd] in thick clusters of bright
orange-red colour. (Cf. mch:>
for other varieties.)
Mkanju, n. (mi-), a cashew-nut
tree, known in Z. usually as mbibo
(which see).
Mkano, n. (mi-), tendon, sinew,
muscle, of cattle and animals general-
ly. (Cf. kano, ukatw, and mshipa.)
*Mkasarna, n. (i) division, part,
portion ; (2) in mathematics, division.
(Arab. Cf. mgawo.)
Mkasasi, n. ;w-) t a fine tree, use-
less for timber (Str., who quotes a
couplet, uzuri wa trikasasi ukipata
maji basi, the m&asasi is a fine tree,
but all it yields is sap).
Mkasiri, n. (//-), a tree, the bark
of which is used to dye nets black
(Str.).
Mkata, n. (wa-), (i) one who cuts,
verbal otkata, v. (cf. mkate t tnkati) ;
(a) a poor man, seldom heard in Z.
city. Ni mkata, sina mbci
nyuma, I am a poor man, with noth-
ing before or behind me. Mkata /uina
kinyongo, a poor man cannot afford
fancies. (Cf. ukata, and syn. masi-
kini,fukara.)
'Mkataa, n. and adv., also Maka-
taa, (i)what is settled, final decision,
end of an affair; (a) in a fixed, firm,
decided, final way, c. g. ///. ncno hili,
sitakwenda, this is my final \
will not go. Tunua/Utana
made a final contract. Scuta kwa m.,
make a final statement. (A
/to/a.)
Mkataba, n. (////-), what is
wiiitcn, book, statute, contin.
gagement. (Ar. Cf. kitabu, and
.'i, sharti, maagano.)
Mkatale, n. mi- , stocks,
mcnt for confining a prisoner
a piece of wood shaped and
with holes bored in it. (Cf. kifungo,
*Mkate, n. (mi-), sometliing cut,
MKATI
232
MKINDTT
and so, (i) any kind of lump, o
separate piece, m. wa tumbako, a plug
or cake of tobacco, m. wa nyuki, a
piece of honey-comb, but esp. (2) a
loaf, cake, bun, biscuit, or anything
similar, and used commonly o
European bread. Various kinds are
distinguished as m. wa ngano, breac
made of wheat flour ; m. wa mofa, or
mofa only, a cake of millet mea
baked in an oven ; m. wa kumimina
a cake of batter, fritter; m. wa
kusonga, &c. When mkate is used
of ordinary bread, the crust (ganda la
mkate} is distinguished from the crumb
(tiyamaya mkate}. (Ar. Cf. kala
v., and follg.)
Mkati, n. {wa-}, one who cuts,
cuts up, cuts out, cuts down, &c.
(Cf. kata, v., mkate, mkato.}
*Mkato, n. (mi-), (i) a cutting,
incision, amputation, cut ; (2) effect
of cutting,- a slit, crack, crevice ; (3)
a fraction, piece, esp. a separate part
of a native house, a division, apart-
ment, room, made by a partition or
screen only, kiwambaza ; (4) fig. a
cutting down or away, cutting short,
reduction, retrenchment ; (5) a short,
abrupt, decisive act or method.
Fanya kwa mkato, like mkataa, act
quickly, decisively, at a word. (Ar.
Cf. kata, and prec.)
Mkazi, n. (wa-}, (i) for Mkaazi
(which see), an inhabitant; (2)
Muungu ni mkazi wa ulimwengu,
i. e. perh. from kaza, upholder, firm
supporter. (Cf. follg.)
Mkazo, n. (mi-}, using force, ten-
sion, effort, energy, pressure, exertion.
(Cf. kaza, kazi, and syn. bidii, ngu-
vu.}
Mke, n. (wa-} for mtu mke, a
woman, a female, also mwanamke.
Used alone, mke means distinctively
' wife,' in contrast with mwanamke.
Mume ni kazi, mke ni ngiio, the
husband works, the wife dresses. See
-ke. (Cf. mume.}
Mkebe, n. (mi-}, pot, canister,
mug (for drinking and other pur-
poses). Mkebe wa ubani, a pot for
keeping or burning incense in. (For
other kinds cf. chungu, chombo.}
Mkeka, n. (mi-}, a mat (usually
of the kind used for sleeping on).
Hence kama kitanda kupata mkeka,
like a bedstead getting a mat, i. e. of
natural completion, the final touch.
These mats are oblong, made of
certain leaves (ukindu), slit into strips,
plaited, and stained various colours.
The strips (ukili) are sewn together,
and bound round the edge. The
commonest in Z. are plain white, or
with transverse stripes of colour.
Their manufacture is the ordinary
occupation of women when not en-
gaged in cookery or other household
work. Mikeka are described as ya
kulalia, for sleeping on ; ya rangi,
with coloured stripes ; ya kufuta, of
common cheap make ; ya kazi, plaited
in patterns. (For other kinds cf.
jamvi, msa/a, kitanga, randa.*)
Mkereza, n. (wa-}, one who turns
with a lathe, a turner. (Cf. ke-
reza.}
Mkewe, n. for mke wake, his wife.
So mkevuo, mkeo, your wife, i. e. mke
wako.
Mkia, n. (mi-}, a tail. Suka m.,
wag the tail. M. wa mjusi, lines of
silk stitching running up the front of
a kanzu from the ornament called
mjusi.
Mkilemba, n. (wa-}, one who has
earned a turban, i.e. by completing
a job or a course of instruction, and
50 denotes a successful candidate,
Drizeman, graduate. (Cf. ki-
emba.}
Mkimbizi, n. (wa-}, (i) one who
runs, e.g. the slave who runs in front of
lis master's donkey, but also (2) one
who runs away, fugitive, runaway,
deserter, truant ; (3) one who causes
o run, pursuer, hunter, persecutor,
also a robber, a highwayman (cf.
'itoro}. (Cf. kimbia, mbio.}
Mkindu, n. (mi-}, the wild date
>alm, producing an edible fruit (ki-
MKINGA
233
MKONO
-.I leaves which furnish material
(ukindu) for weaving fine mats, and
a fibre used for string. (For other
palms cf. mnazi.}
Mkinga, n. (-), anything that
stops, obstructs, or diverts something
else, e.g. mkinga nuiji, a strip of
leaf or stick used to catch the water
running down a tree, also ntchilizi,
(Cf. kinga, v., and follg.)
Mkingamo, n. (w*-), a crossing,
being athwart, obstructing, in the way.
Njia ya mkingamo, a cross-road.
(Cf. kinga, kingama, and follg.)
Mkingiko, n. (*'-) a cross-pole
laid on the top of uprght posts to
carry the lower ends of the rafters in
building a native house. (Cf. kinga,
and prec.)
Mkiwa, n. (wa-), a solitary, desti-
tute, friendless person, a poor man.
(Cf. -ki-wa, ukiwa.)
Mkizi, n. (wa-), a kind offish.
Mi. ^a, n. (w-), bag, pouch,
*l/, tJbm9D.yfr r made of the entire
sk'^rw nguru, 1 ai/idial. Wimbi la
mkoba, bu y i,i c ^ waves, i.e. smooth
swelling w^ftcr not like breakers,
irious ne ids of bag, &c. cf.
mjuko, kikapo.)
Mkoche, n. (wf-) t one name of
a kind of palm (Hyphaene}, known
also as mkoma, but in Z. commonly
as niu'aa, or mnyaa (which see).
Mkohani, n. (wa-\ and Mku-
hani,Kuhani,Kahini, priest, sooth-
sayer, magician. (Ar. Cf. kahini,
tost si.)
Mkojo, n. (mi-), micturition, urine,
also choo (ha tnbtle, (hoc kidogo.
(Cf. <(vy<*z,and follg., also nya, choo.)
Mkojozi. n. (?fa-); one who cannot
or does not control his urine, one
who wets his bed. (Cf. kojoa, and
prec.)
Mkoko, n. (""'-), a kind of man-
much used as firewo*
with a red bark used for dyeing.
(Other kinds are mkatidaa, and
Mkokoto, n. (OTI-), (i) a dragging,
a hauling, a pull ; (2) the mark or
trail of something dragged along.
(Cf. kokota, and dist. tnakokoto.)
Mkoma, n. (i) (/-), verbal of
koma (which see), one who stops,
ceases, comes to an end; (2) (wa-),
a lepe', one suffering from ukoma
(which see) ; (3) (/*-), one of the
names by which the Hyphaene palm
is known on the East Coast, others
being mkoche, mwaa (which see).
Mkomafl, n. (mi-), name of a
tree (Carapa moluccensis, Sac.). The
wood is red, and was formerly much
used in Z.
Mkombozi, n. (wa-), one who
ransoms (buys back, gets out of
pawn, recovers a deposit), a redeemer.
(Cf. komboa, ukombozi.)
Mkomwe, n. ('-), a kind of
climbing plant, the seeds of which
are used as counters in playing various
games. (Cf. komwe.')
Mkondo, n. (>-), current, flow,
rush, passage, run, e.g. of water in
a river or poured on the ground ; of air
through a door or window, i. e. draft ;
of the wake of a ship, of an animal,
i. e. track, run. Cf. mkondo wa tirasi,
a track through rushes, showing where
people have passed. (Cf. kondo.)
Mkonga, n. (w*-), trunk of an
elephant, in Z. commonly mkono
wa tembo.
Mkonge, n. (mi-\ (i) a fibre-
producing plant, a kind of hemp or
Snnscvicria, i.e. s/;. tfanyia
the fibre being called ..
or uzi wa mkongt ; (a) a kind of fish.
Mkongojo a staff used
as a prop or crutch, for an. old or
weakly person. (Cf. kongc
ngojo, and for sticks bakora,jimbo?)
Mkongwe, n. (wa-\ an aged,
feeble, infirm person. (Cf. konga,
kikongwt, and syn. mttt.)
Mkono. n. (wi-)i (0 the arm of
n human being, esp. of the lower arm,
and the hand, e.g. mkono hukatwa
no na mkono t his arm is
cut off between the elbow and hand.
MKONZO
234
MKUMBO
Mkono wake watoa sana, his hand
gives freely. Pelekea mkono, lay
hands on, arrest. Then (2) of a
corresponding member in animals,
front paw. Simla akamkamata mko-
noni, the lion seized him with its paw.
(Cf. mkono iva tembo, an elephant's
trunk, and mkono (or kikono, kond],
of the tendrils of a plant.) (3) of what
resembles an arm, e.g. as projecting,
mkono iva sufuria, the handle of a
European saucepan, as spreading,
mikono ya mto (bahari}, branches of
a river, creeks of the sea, as grasping,
&c. (4) as a convenient measure,
from finger tip's to elbow, a cubit,
same as (Ar.) thiraa, 18 inches,
i.e. double of a span, and half a yard.
Also in various figurative senses, e.g.
mwcnyi mkono mrefu, a thieving,
mischievous, cunning person, a rogue.
Mkono wake mzuri, he is a liberal,
'open-handed person. Chuo cha
mkono, a handy book; manual. Kupa
mkono, to give the hand, i. e. greet,
congratulate, condole with, assist,
take leave, take an oath, &c. Mkono
wa msiba, condolence in grief. (Cf.
kono, kikono.}
Mkonzo, n. (mi-}. See Konzo.
Mkoo, n. (wa-}, a slut, slattern, a
dirty untidy person, male or female.
(Cf. syn. mchafu, and dist. ukoo, koo.}
Mkopeshi, n. (iva-}, one who
supplies goods or capital on credit
for commercial purposes, a lender, a
usurer. (Cf. kopa, v., and follg.)
Mkopi, n. (iva-}, (i) one who
borrows goods or money, e. g. to
trade with on the mainland; (2) a
swindler, impostor, knave. (Cf.
kopa, ukopi, and prec.)
Mkopo, n. (mi-}, act (process,
method, &c.) of borrowing, swindling,
&c. (Cf. kopa, ukopi, and prec.)
Mkorofi, n. (iva-}, an evil-minded,
malignant, brutal, tyrannical person,
a monster, a brute. (Cf. -korofi,
ukorofi. )
Mkoroga, n. (iva-}, a stirrer, i.e.
(i) a maker of discord, an agitator,
firebrand ; (2) a blunderer, bungler.
(Cf. koroga, and follg., and syn. mfi-
tini}
Mkorogo, n. (mi-}, (i) a stirring,
mashing, mixing of ingredients, &c. ;
(2) a causing discord, agitation, dis-
turbance of peace, blundering, bung-
ling. (Cf. koroga, and prec., also
syn.y?/m#, sukosuko}
Mkoromaji, n. (wa-}, a regular
snorer. (Cf. koroma, and prec.)
Mkoromo, n. (mi-}, a snoring,
snorting, or similar sound. (Cf.
koroma, and follg., and msono.}
Mkubwa, n. (wa-}, (i) a great
man (in wealth, dignity, power, &c.) ;
(2) chief, director, responsible head,
master, owner. Huyu ni mkubwa
wetu, here is our master. (Cf.
kubwa, and syn. mkuu, msimamizi, t
bwana.}
Mkuchyo, n. name of a town on
the Somali coast, north of Mor^basa,
also called Mukdisha ^nnd c<u.) ">nly
Makdesh or Magje^x-^), e V vho tu
Mkufu, n. (Affj, er. <Tf, x. ,-
metal, of a light kiij n as an
ornament. (Contit iva, >. *oro, and
for ornaments cf. urar v .)
Mkufunzi, n. (w ), a teacher,
more usual form for mfunzi. (Cf.
mfundishi, mwalim^i, and for the
insertion of ku cf. mkulima.}
Mkuki, n. (mi-}, a spear. Cho-
meka mkuki, to stick a spear in the
ground. (For the iron head cf.
chembe, kengee, for the shaft mli,
uti, for the butt end tako.}
Mkuku, n. (mi-}, the keel, of a
boat or ship. (Dist. kuku, a fowl.)
Mkule, n. (wa-}, a garfish (Str.).
Mkulima, n. (wa-}, a tiller of the
ground, cultivator, agriculturist, field
labourer, peasant. (Cf. lima, mli~
maji, and for the form mkufunzi,
the ku being inserted perh. to dis-
tinguish from mlima, a hill.)
Mkumbizi, n. (wa-}, one who
clears up, makes a sweep of anything,
a gleaner. (Cf. kumba, and follg.)
Mkumbo, n. (mi-}, a complete
MKTJNAZI
235
MLADI
clearing out, a clean sweep, a thor-
ough removal, wholesale devastation.
(Cf. kumba.)
Mkunazi, n. (mi~), the jujube
tree, bearing a small edible stone-
fruit like a cherry, ku>:
Mkunde, u.(mi-), the shrub, which
produces the common bean ttkunde,
much used in Z.
Mkundu, n. (mi-), the anus, ori-
fice of the boweL
Mkunga, n. (wa-"), (i) a midwife,
but in Z.commonly tnzalishi(c.i.kunga t
ukunga, kungu}', (2) a kind of eel,
or sea-snake.
Mkungu, n. (mi-),(i) a large tree
bearing a fruit (kungu) resembling
a small apple, but with a large stone
and kernel; (2) the fruit-stem or
pedicel of a banana plant carrying
the whole head of fruit; (3) an
earthenware dish, used for cooking,
and also its lid, mkungu wa kufu-
nikia. (For other vessels cf. chu-
hombo.)
Mkunguru, n. also Ukunguru,
the fever which attacks a new-comer
at a place, after a change of residence
t, sickness of acclimatization.
Mkung'uto, n. (mi-), a straining
off, a shaking oft", a wiping off, a
sifting. '
Mkunjo, n. a folding, a creasing,
a turning over, a fold. (Cf. kutija.)
Mkuno, n. (mi-), a scratching,
a grating. (Cf. buna)
Mkuo, n. (mi-), an ingot, lump
f cast or un wrought n:
(of iron), rough ca :
.\ and ? m/d/p.)
Mkupuo,
pushing off, a getting rid of, a letting
./</, and ku
Mkusanyi, n. (wa-), also Mku-
sanya, a collector, a gatherer to-
(Cf. follg.)
Mkusanyo, n. (mi-), a c.
>:ya.)
Mkutano, n. (mi-), (i) n,
gathering, assemblage, count
mittee; (a) confluence, com
coincidence. ./, a meeting.
M. wa mi/o, junction of rivers.
(Cf. kuta, kutana, makutano.}
Mkuto, n. (mi-), (i) a meeting
with, a lighting upon, a finding; (2)
?a fold, like kunjo. Kunja nguo
mkuto, fold up a dress. (Cf. kuta.}
Mkuu,n. (wa-), (i) a great person
(in wealth, position, power, &c.), a
grandee; (2) ruler, head, master,
governor, &c. Mkuu -wa gcnzi,
leader of a caravan. (Cf. -kuu,
-kubwa, and syn. bwana, msimamizi.)
Mkuyu, n. (mi-), the sycamore of
the east, fig-mulberry tree, producing
the fruit kuyu.
Mkwaju, n. (w/-), the tamarind
tree, bearing the fruit nkwaju.
Mkwamba, n. (mi-), a kind of
thorny shrub.
Mkwaruzo, n. (///*-), (i) a scrap-
ing* a gT a ting; (2) track or trail of
something scraping along, e. g. mkwa-
: nyoka, the trail of a serpent.
(Cf. kwaruza.}
Mkwasi, n. (wa-\ a rich man. a
well-to-do opulent person. (Cf.
-kwasi, ukwasi.}
Mkwe, n. (wakwe), used of near
connexions by marriage, father (or
mother) in law, son (or daughter) in
law. (Cf. tnwamU) wtfi.}
Mkweme, n. (mi-), a sp(
climbing plant.
Mkweo, n. (i) (mi-), a climbing,
a mounting up or upon (cf. &t*aj;
(a) for mkwc wako, sec Mkwe.
Mkwesi, n. (wa-) , one who
ascends, mounts up. (Cf. kwca.)
Mkwiro, n. (mi-), n <in:
Mia, n. (wa/a\ an eater, con
dcvourcr, verbal of la,
noun. .!//.; wa/u t a cai.
Ico ni tnlaji, the man who cats to-day
(here and now) is the real
(Cf. /a, v., mlo, ulafi, ulaj'i, >
Mlaanisi, n. one who curses,
swears, uses bad language. (Cf.
laanifu.}
Mladi, n. (wi-) a thin piece of
MLAFI .
236
MLIMBIKO
wood, used by a weaver (tnfumi),
with which the woof is tightened
after each thread is inserted. Also
called upanga. (Cf. kitanda cha
mfumi.}
Mlafi, Mlaji, n. (iva-}, an eater,
a consumer, and esp. a voracious
eater, glutton, gormandizer. Mlafi
is always an uncomplimentary term.
(Cf. /a, v., mla, tnlo, ulafi, ulaji,}
Mlala, n. (mi-}, one of the names
by which a Hyphaene palm, or a
species of it, is known. Also the
leaf which furnishes strips for making
mats on for tying. Kisu cha ku~
chania milala, a knife for slitting
palm leaves. (Cf. m-waa, mkoche,
mkindu}
Mlamba, n. (wa-}, (i) name of
a bird ; (2) verbal of lamba, one who
licks.
Mlango, n. (mi-}, (i) door, door-
way, gate; (2) entrance, means of
access, fee for entrance ; (3) anything
resembling a door, e.g. a pass (in
hills and mountains), a channel (across
a bar), a strait, estuary, mouth of a
river ; (4) fig. of a man's relation to
his family or friends, social attitude,
circle of acquaintances, branch of a
family. Mlango wake mzuri, he
is a kind, hospitable, sociable person.
Wote walioko katika mlango wettt,
all who belong to our circle. Penyi
"wimbi na mlango nipapo, the channel
and the breaker are close together,
i. e. safety and danger. (Cf. lango,
kilango.} Native doors are commonly
of two kinds, (i) a single door made
of pieces of mwale (i. e. mid-rib of a
large raphia-palm leaf) set side by
side with two cross-pieces passed
through them, making a light screen,
tied or propped in the doorway ; or
(2) a double or folding door of two
boards (ubau) turning inwards on
projecting tongues of wood fitting in
socket holes in the top and bottom
of the frame. One board carries a
centre strip (mfaa) to cover the
space between the valves when closed.
The frame consists of side-pieces
(mwimo} and top and bottom pieces
(kizingitt). Doors in Z. are often
richly carved, and adorned with large
brass studs.
*Mlariba, n. (iva-}, a usurer, a
money-lender. (Ar. Cf. riba,
usury, interest, and syn. faida. The
first syllable is perh. mla, one who
eats, consumes.)
Mlazi, n. (wa-), bed-attendant,
bed- fellow. (Cf. lala.}
Mle, (i) adv. there within, like
kule,pale\ (2) form of the pronominal
adj.-/<2, ' that/ agreeing with a noun in
the locative form, e. g. nyumbani mle,
in that house (cf. yule) ; (3) subjunct.
2 Pers. P. of la t (that) you may
eat.
Mleo, n. (mi-}, reeling, staggering,
unsteady gait. Also Mleoleo, of
uncertain wavering movement. (Cf.
lea, and follg.)
Mlevi, n. (wa-\ a drunkard, a
drunken person. (Cf. lea, levya,
and prec.)
Mlezi, n. (wa-}, one engaged in
the rearing or training of children, a
nurse, governess, tutor. Also name
of a disease, scrofula (Sac.).
Mlezo, n. for Mwelezo. (See
Chelezo, and cf. elea.}
Mlia, n. (mi-}, a stripe (line, band)
of colouring. Used in plur. as adj.
Ptinda milia, zebra.
Mlilana, n. (mi-}, name of a shrub.
Mlima,n. (mi-'), a mountain, high
hill, long steep ascent. Mi lima,
milima mingi, a mountain range.
Mlima mrefu (mkubwa}, a high
mountain. (Cf. kilima, and Mrima,
the name of the coast district opposite
and south of Zanzibar.)
Mlimaji, n. (wa-}, for the usual
mktilima, cultivator, tiller of the
ground. (Cf. lima.}
Mlimau, n. (mi-}, the tree bearing
lemons (malimau}. (Cf. for other
varieties mchungwa.}
Mlimbiko,n. (mi-}, (i) awaiting
for something, taking turns, a turn
MLIMI
237
MMTJMTJNYE
(in waiting) ; (2) a store, stock, re-
serve, treasure. Mlimbiko ~va fttha,
a -reserve of funds. (Cf. lirnl'ika,
and syn. mngojo, zamu.}
Mlimi, n. (wa-}, a fluent, babbling,
talkative person. (Cf. u/imi, and
syn. msemi, mwenyi domo.}
Mlimo, n. (mi-}, (i) tillage, hus-
bandry, agriculture, cultivation ; (2)
results of cultivation, i.e. crops, pro-
duce. (Cf. lima, mkulima, M/UM.)
Mlimwengu, n. (wa-}, (i) an in-
habitant of the world, and (a) esp.
a man of the world, a worldly man.
Mlimwengu ni mwanawe, a man's
hopes (chief worldly interest) are his
child. (Cf. ulimwengu t mali-
Mlingoti, n. (mi'-), mast, of a
vessel. M. wa maji, bowsprit.
: mbele, foremast, also wa
omoni. M. wa&alme, mizzcn-mast.
The mast rests on the false keel
(msitamu} and is fixed by a cross-
beam (fundd) and two longitudinal
(mwashiri). (Cf. chombo.}
Mlinzi, n. (wa-}, guardian, pro-
tector, keeper, guard, watchman,
sentinel, &c. (Cf. linda, ulinzi.}
Mlio, n. (mi-}, a sound, in the
-*nsc, a cry, a note, weeping.
Used of all kinds of objects, animate
and inanimate, yielding a sound.
M. wa mtoto, a child's
M. wa simba, a lion's roar.
bunJuki, the report of a gi.-
wa ndege, a bird's singing. Ngoma
ya milio saba, a dram with seven
(Cf. lia, lio, kilio.)
Mlipisi, n. (wa-}, one who pays,
one who causes to pay.
, an avenger. (Cf. /if a,
malipo.}
Mlisha, Mliahi, n. (wa-), one
who feeds or has the care of animals
or other creatures. (Cf. /a, /isha,
malisha, and follg.)
MUsho, n. (wi-) t (i) a feeding,
-., supporting. Af.
wa sa>
rnsJitfi, putting bait on the fishing-
line, bait. (2) native name for the
month called in Arab. Shaaban, i. e.
the month before Ramathan. (Cf.
la, lisha, and prec.)
Mliwa, n. (mi-}, a tree with fra-
grant aromatic wood. (Cf. liwa,
sandali.}
*Mlizamu, n. ('-), a spout for
carrying water off a house-top, or
eaves. Commonly called kopo.
Mlizi, n. (wa-}, one who cries or
makes a noise, a child who is always
crying, a ranter, a loud - mouthed
orator. (Cf. lia, ulizi.}
Mlomo, n. (mi-}, a variant of
radomo (which see).
Mlongo, n. (mi-}, a variant of
mwongo (which see).
*Mlozi, n. (i) (mi-}, an almond
tree, producing the almond nut, lozi.
(Ar.) (3) (wa-}, wizard, sorcerer, for
the more usual mchawi. (Cf. loga %
ulozi. }
Mlvmgula, n. (wa-\ a black-
mailer, an extortioner, a robber.
Also, blackmail, bribe extorted.
(Cf. hongo t rushwa.}
Mmea, n. (mi-}, anything possess-
ing vegetable life, or growth re-
sembling it, plant, shoot, sucker,
sprout, &c. Afimea, vegetation, in
general. ' .nd syn. ota,
mtntlea}.
Mmego, n. (mi-}, act of breaking
off a piece or portion of food, with
fingers or teeth. (Cf. mfga, mcgo.)
Mmelea, n. (mi-}, that
grows at (in, on) some place i>i
a creeper, a parasite shrub. (Cf.
MMfefc)
Mmnadi. n. (wa-} t also Mnadl,
an auctioneer, salesman, broker, haw-
ker of goods for sale, ]>ul>l
(Ar. Cf. mmada, dalali.}
Mmoja, n. one man, a man, a
person, a certain man. Sec -moja.
Mmumunye, n. (wi-), tin
protlucinga kind of gourd (mumunyc),
like a vegetable mnrrou
i y and hard, is used as a
vessel for fluids. (Cf. boga, buyu.}
MMUNINA
238
MNG'ABIZO
*Mmunina, n. (wa-), a true be-
liever, i. e. a Mahommedan. (Ar.
Cf. imam, amini, mwatnini.}
Mmvita, n. (wa-}, an inhabitant
of Mvita, i. e. Mombasa.
Mna, verb-form, (i) there is
(within) (cf. m, na, and mna, pand} ;
(2) you (plur.) have. (Cf. nina,
una, &c.)
*Mnada, n. ( ), an auction, sale,
public notice. Mnadani, a sale-
room, place of 'auction. Tia
mnadani, put up for sale. Mnada
wa Sultani ttnanadiwa, a procla-
mation of the Sultan is being made.
(Ar. Cf. follg.)
*Mnadi, v. also Nadi, sell by
auction, put up for sale, hawk about
the streets. Ps. mnadiwa. (Ar.
Cf. tembeza.}
*Mnafiki, n. (wa-}, a hypocrite,
pretender, impostor, liar. (Ar.
Cf. unafiki, and cf. mwongo, mjanja,
ay art."}
*Mnajimu, n. (te/a-),an astrologer.
(Ar. Cf. unctjimu.}
*Mnajisi, n. (wa-}, an unclean,
foul person, one who is profane in
conduct or speech. (Ar. Cf.una/tst,
najisi, and syn. mchafu.}
Mnana, n. (wa-}, (i) a small
yellowish bird, building in colonies
on cocoanuts and other palms; (2)
a substance used as a yellow dye for
the leaf strips (ukili) used for plait-
ing mats.
*Mnanaa, n. (mi-}, mint. (Ar.
Cf. nanaa.}
*Mnanasi, n. (mi-}, the pineapple
plant, the fruit being nanasi.
(Hind.)
*Mnasara, n. (wa-} and Mnasa-
rani, Nazarene, used of Christians
by Mahommedans. (Cf. -masihiya.}
Mnaso, n. (mi-\ (i) a catching,
holding, hampering; (2) difficulty,
hitch, trap, impediment. (Cf. nasa,
mgogoro, kizuizo, mtego.}
Mnazi, n. (mi-}, cocoanut tree,
which grows in great numbers in
Zanzibar, and the adjacent islands
and coast, and next to cloves is the
most important commercial product,
as well as the most useful for local
purposes. The tree-stem is little
used, except for stout posts or props,
but when cut down the soft nutty
substance at the top, from which the
leaves and blossoms grow, is eaten as
a delicacy (moyo wa mnazi, kilele or
kichelema cha mnazi}. The other
principal parts and products are the
leaf kttti, fruit nazi, fibre kumvi, and
sap called tembo. (See kuti, &c.)
The trees are distinguished as mkinda,
i. e. young, not yet bearing, mume
male, and mke female. (See further
under the words mentioned above.
Various kinds of palm are mkindu,
mwaa y mpopoo, mvumo } mchikichi,
mtende, mwale.}
Mnena, n. (wa-}, one who speaks,
or who has the power of speech.
(Cf. follg.)
Mnenaji, Mneni, n. (wa-), a
speaker, a professional orator, an
eloquent person. (Cf. nena, and
msemaji) msemi.}
Mnenea, n. (wa-}, (i) a pleader,
interceder, one who speaks for or to
the advantage of another ; (2) a
critic, opponent, one who speaks
against or in rebuke of another.
(Cf. nena, and prec.)
Mnevu, n. See Mnyefu.
Mng'ao, n. (mi-}, (i) brightness,
blaze, lustre, glare ; (2) fig. clearness,
perspicuity. Mng'ao wa maneno,
lucidity of statement. (Cf. ng'aa,
and follg.)
Mng'ariza, n. (wa-}, with or
without macho, one who has glow-
ing, glaring eyes, and so to the native-
mind one suspected of sorcery,
malignity, evil intent. So also
mng'arizo, gleaming, glaring, glitter.
(Cf. ngariza.}
Mng'arizo, n. (mi-}, likemng'ao,
glitter, gleam, glare, radiance, &c.
M. wa macho, glowing, radiant look,
or, glaring, gleaming eyes. (Cf.
ng'aa.}
MNGAZIJA
230
MNYEO
Mngazija, n. (wvz-\ a native of
the Great Comoro Island. (A <
Moalli, Jft.'o/u-t- are other islands -in
the gr
Mng'oaji, n. (iva-), one who digs
out, roots up, extracts, &c. Mngoaji
wa meno, a dentist. (Cf. ngoa.)
Mngoja, n. (iva-), also Mngoje,
and Mgoja, -e, one who waits at a
place (occupies a station, is on guard),
sentinel, guard, keeper. Mngoja
mlango, hall-porter, door-boy, gate-
keeper. (Cf. ngoja, and follg., and
syn. ni'.
Mngojezi, n. (iva-), keeper, care-
taker, guardian, watchman. (Cf.
ngoja, and prec.)
Mng'ongo, n. (mi-), name ofa tree.
Mnguri, n. (mi-), a shoemaker's
mallet. (Cf. mshoni.)
Mugrurumizi, n. (iva-), one who
grumbles, growls. (Cf. nguruma.)
Mngwana, n. (iva-), one who is
not a slave, a free (civilized, educated)
person, gentleman, lady. Mngwana
ni kitendo, a free man can* act (while
a slave can only talk). (Cf.
ungwana, fciungwana, and contr.
ua.)
Mnjugu, n. (mi-), the plant pro-
ducing the ground -nut njugu. (Also
njugu, of the plant.)
Mno, adv. very much, too much,
excessively, exceedingly, beyond
measure. Sometimes combined with
adverbs of similar meaning,
sana MHO, mno ajabti, very cxcced-
. wonderfully much.
Mnofu, n. flesh, meat, fleshy part,
as opp. to bone, i. e. nyama tupu, all
meat.
Mnong'onozi. Mnong'oni, n.
(wa-) t a whisperer. (Cf. follg.)
Mnong'ono. n. (mi-), whispering,
a whisper. (Cf. nongona.)
Mnuna, Mnunaji, Mnuni. n.
(tea-), a grumbler, one who com-
plains (sulks, is discontented). (Cf.
follg.)
Mnunda. n. (mi-), a semi-wild
town cat.
Mnuno, n. (mi-}, grumbling, dis-
content, complaint, sulkiness. (Cf.
nutia, and prec.)
Mnunuzi, n. (iva-), a buyer, cus-
tomer, purchaser. (Cf. nunua,
ununuzi.)
Mnyaa, n. (mi-), one of the names
by which the Hyphaene palm is
known, commonly mwaa (which
see).
Mnyakuzi, n. (tva-), a snatcher,
pilferer, thief, shop-lifter, pickpocket.
(Cf. nyakua, and syn. mwizi.)
Mnyama, n. (iva-), (i) an animal,
a beast. Also fig. (2) having the
characteristics of an animal, a stupid
fool, a brute, a beast. But commonly
nyama is used in both senses. (Cf.
nyama, ndama. Mnyama, a riddle,
is seldom used in Z.)
Mnyampara, n. (iva-), head of a
body of men (caravan, expedition,
army), or of a part of it, head-
man, whether of porters or armed
guard. (Cf. mkuit iva ,.
msirnamizi.)
Mnyamwezi, n. (iva-), one of the
Nyamwezi tribe, living on the main-
land west of Zanzibar, and
porters to and from the coast.
Used as a term of contempt by coast
people.
Mnyang'anyi, n. (wa-), robber,
thief, highwayman, burglar. Com-
monly implies a larger scale of action
than ni-t'i i. which includes mere pettv
thieving <>r pilfering. (Cf. nyang-
anya, unyang'anyt, an
Mnyanya, n. (mi-), the plant
the tomato (nyanya).
Mnyefu, n. (mi-), and Mnefo,
damp, wet, . dampness.
(Cf. nya, -nyf/u, and syn. rutuba,
ufa/u, chtpecktpe.)
Mnyenyekoo, n. deferci
att it ude, reverence, &c. (Cf.
- ea.)
Mnyeo.n. (mi-), a tickling
craving. Mnyeo .-..
ks, pangs of hunger. Also
MNYIMO
240
MOJA
of prurien ce. (Cf. nyea, and kinycfu
nyegi.}
Mnyimo, n. (mi-}, a withholding
refusal, prohibition. (Cf. nyima.}
Mnyiri, n. (mi-}, also Mnyiriri,
and Mng'iri, arm, tentacle, feeler,
of the cuttle- hshpweza (and similar
creatures ?). Commonly -mkono iva
pweza.
Mnyofu, n. (wa~}, a straight-
forward, honest, upright, trustworthy
person. See -nyofu, Unyofu.
Mnyonge, n. (wa-} t a humble,
abject, low, debased person. Mnyonge
msonge, name of a kind of musical
entertainment or concert, in which
the performers are women, forming
a kind of club. (Cf. -nyonge,
unyonge.}
Mnyororo,n. (mi-}, also Mnyoro,
Mnyoo, (i) a chain, used com-
monly for securing prisoners, slaves,
&c., hence (2) fetters, prison, con-
finement, gaol. Tia mnyororo, or
mnyororoni, imprison, put under
arrest. Sometimes (3) intestinal
worm, but commonly chango. (Cf.
kifungo, pingu, mti kati, mkatale,
and contr. mkufu, light ornamental
chain.)
Mnyozi, n. (wa-\ a barber, com-
monly kinyozi (which see).
Mnyunyo,n.(wz-), a sprinkling,
of liquid, scent, &c. (Cf. nyunyiza,
manyunyo, and marashi.}
Mnywa, Mnywaji, n. (w#-),
verbal of nywa (see Nya), one who
drinks, a drinker, i.e. of any fluid.
Mnywa maji, a water - drinker.
Mnywapombel*. beer-drinker. (Cf.
nya, kinwa, kinywaji.}
-mo is the same element as mu,
m, the o either denoting reference
or relative distance, ' in there,' or
else giving it the force of a relative
pronoun, ' in which.' (See Mu, M,
and -o.) Mo (i) forms part of the
demonstr. adv. humo, and mumo
(which see) ; (2) affixed to ndi- and
person-prefixes, and the verb -wet or
its equivalents, has a demonstrative
force, with general or usually local
reference, 'in there, to (or, from)
inside there,' e. g. yumo, he is in
there. Ndimo alimo, that is where
he is (in). Mimi simo, I am not in
it, i. e. I have nothing to do with it.
(3) in verb-forms generally is the
form of relative pronoun referring to
1 place within which,' e.g. ndimo
akaamo, that is the place he lives in.
Hamna ! hamna ! ndimo mliwarno,
Nothing in that ! nothing in that !
that's where there is something (to
be) eaten. Mo as a separate word
only appears in such a phrase as mo
mote, in whatever place, wherever.
(Cf. MU, tnwa, humo, mumo.}
Moalli, n. the island Mohilla in
the Comoro group.
*Mofa, n. (i) a small, hard, round
cake of millet (nitama) meal; (2) a
cooking oven of burnt clay.
Moga, n. (waoga}, coward, for
muoga, mwoga (which see). (Cf.
oga, ogopa.}
Moja, rr., also Moji, Mosi, Moya,
(the number) one, one as an abstract.
A'umi na moja, ten and one, eleven.
Moja kwa moja, straight on, con-
tinuously, without a break. Njia
inakwenda moja kwa moja, the road
goes straight on. Barra na poli
moja kwa moja, desert and forest
without a break. Mia kwa moja,
one per cent.
-moja, a. (same with D 5 (S), D 6),
i) one, a single, a certain, an indi-
vidual ; (2) one in kind, similar,
dentical ; (3) one in feeling, agree-
ng, harmonious, of one mind. Mtu
mmoja, an individual, a certain man.
Nguo moja, the same kind of cloth.
Moyo mmoja, concord, harmony, so
kali moja, shauri moja. Namna
moja na kile, the same pattern as
hat one. Various plural forms oc-
:ur, e.g. vitu vingi vimoja, many
ingle, separate, single things ; watu
i wamoja, people are not all alike.
Mtu na mwanawe, watu wamoja
naskini, a man and his son, both
MOLA
241
MOYO
equally poor. Mamoja, .often with
yote or pia added, all one, all the
same, all alike, to express indiffer-
ence. Mamoja kwangii, it's all one
to me, I do not care, never mind.
(Cf. haithuru.) -mojawafo, any one
whatever, -moja-moja, one by one,
singly, individually, so vimoja.
Pamoja is used as an adv., all to-
gether, with one voice, unanimously,
at one time (or, place). (Cf. most,
and Ar. tvahedi, which is also com-
monly used in counting.)
Mola, n. a title of God, c Lord.'
(Ar. Cf. MUHH&I, Rabbi.)
'Mombasa, n. the Arab name of
the island and town of Mombasa,
about 1 20 miles north of Zanzibar.
The native name is Mvita. (There
is also a village called Mombasa in
Zanzibar near the town.)
Mombee, n. Bombay.
Moris, n. Mauritius.
Moshi, n. (i-), (i) smoke, steam ;
(a) soot, lamp-black. Moshi wa
moto, the smoke of a fire. Moshi
unasimama, the smoke rises straight
Icrikebu ya moshi, a steam-
ship. (Cf. ota, motOy and syn.
, mastzi.)
Moai, n. (the number) one. -a
most, first, but -a kwanza is usual.
Jumaa most (Junta ya most}, Satur-
day, as being the first day after
Friday, which is observed by the
Mahommcdans as Sunday. See
Juma. (Cf. mo/a, and Ar. tvahtdi.)
Moakiti, n. also Meakiti, Msi-
i mosque, the Mahommcdan
place of worship. (There are great
numbers in Zanzibar city and it-
land, many being merely native
houses of s' . and thatch,
with a barrel or large vessel of water
near the door. In the city they are
mostly of stone, plain in architecture
n, only one with
a minaret, and only one of large size.
; alimu, or official
ithini, or
cistern for ablutions, and
most part a distinct congregation of
members of the same nation, sect, or
class. Moskiti is a form of masgidi,
mesjidi, cf. su/ua'u.)
Mote, a. and Mwote, form cf
-ote, all, agreeing with nouns having
the locative termination -ni, e. g. m
jini mote, in the whole town. (Cf.
-ote, kote, pote.}
Moto, n. (mioto), (i) fire, flame,
a fire, a conflagration ; (2) heat,
warmth, inflammation, temperature ;
(3) fig- 2.ca\, ardour, energy, vehe-
mence, martial spirit, fierceness. Fa-
nya m., make a fire. Washa m., light
a fire. Pekecha m. y light a fire by
means of firesticks. Pata m., get
hot. Of a (koto) ., sit by a fire,
warm oneself. Choma (pasha) m.,
or kwa m., set fire to, heat, cook with
fire. Chochea m., stir the fire.
Zima (zimisha) m., put out the fire.
Prov. da-way a moto ni moto, fire must
be met with fire. Akajisifu moto,
he boasted of his martial prowess.
-a moto, hot, warm, energetic, fiery,
&c. Kazi moto, strenuous, eager
work. Maji ya moto, (i) hot water ;
(2) a large red ant, living in t
so called. (Cf. of a, moshi. lip-
sticks are seldom seen in Z., matches
being very cheap, and embers easily
obtainable.)
Moyo, n. (mioyo, also nyoyo as
if from uoyo\ (i) the heart (the
physical organ) ; (2) the heart, feel-
ings, soul, n. self; (3) in-
most part, core, ; r ; (4)
courage, resolution , presence :
(5) special favour U-light.
:;e utauona moyo wan.
me and yon will find my heart
t.,piga m. konde, take heart.
siniika, kuta} m,,
encourage, cheer, heart
m. t be depressed. M. mckeuhe, lack
rnge, a faint 1
moyo wangu nataAa, I really desire
I/, ^wajipu, the core of an ab-
scess. Moyo wa mnati, the soft
nutty core at the top of a cocoanut
MPAGAZI
242
MPANZI
tree, from which leaves and blossoms
grow, eaten as a delicacy. Moyo
wa kanzu, the part of a kanzu over
the chest. Huyu ndiye moyo wake,
this is his great pet. -a moyo,
voluntary, willing. Sema (fanya}
fava moyo, speak (acf) voluntarily,
readily. Also senia kwa moyo, say
by rote, repeat without a book or re-
minder. (Cf. roho, nafstj and
ultima.}
Mpagazi, n. (wa-}, carrier, bearer,
caravan-porter. Nikawapa wapa-
qazi upagazi wao, I gave the porters
their wages. (Cf. pagaa, tipagazi,
and syn. mchtikuzi, hamali}
Mpaji, n. (wa-\ donor, giver,
benefactor, a generous, liberal person.
But esp. of God, e. g. mpaji wa kupa
ni Muungu, the real (only) Giver is
God, also called mpaji asiyepewa,
He who always gives and never
receives. (Cf. pa, upaji, kipaji,
and -karimu. Dist. paji, klpaji,
forehead, temple.)
Mpaka, n. (mi-}, boundary, limit,
border, term. Piga (weka} m., fix a
boundary, lay down a limit. Ruka
m. t trespass, break bounds. Mpaka
mmoja, adjacent, bordering, adjoin-
ing. Also used as prep., up to, to,
as far as, till, until, to the time of,
like hatta. Akafika mpaka kwetu,
he came as far as our country. Nikae
mpaka lini ? How long am I to stay ?
(Cf. paka, v., pakana, also upeo.
Dist. paka, with other meanings.)
Mpaka, Mpaki, n. (wa-}, verbal
of paka, a plasterer, a painter; also
mpaka chokaa, mpaka rangi.
Mpakato, n. (mi-}, something
applied, stuck on, e.g. a patch, a
bandage. (Cf. pakata, paka, v.)
Mpakizi, n. (wa-}, a shipper
a stevedore, one who sees goods or
freight put on board. (Cf. pakia}
Mpako, n. (mi-}, a plastering
plaster. Mpako wa rangi, applying
paint, painting. (Cf. paka.}
Mpalio, n. (mi-}, (i) a rising in
the throat or nostril, a choke ; (2) a
oeing up the soil among growing
rops. (Cf. paa, palia}
Mpamba, n. (mi-}, (i ) the plant
reducing cotton, pa mba ; (2) (wa-},
r erbal of pamba, one who adorns.
Cf. pamba, and follg.)
Mpambaji, n. (wa-}, an under-
taker, one of the professional atten-
dants who with the mwosha prepares
a dead body for burial, using such
things as pamba, dalia, manukato,
mavukizo, sanda, mkeka wa pamba.
Cf. pamba}
Mpambano, n. (mi-}, a meeting,
colliding, confronting, an encounter.
(Cf. pambana.}
Mpambe, n. (wa-}, a person
dressed up, bedecked with ornaments,
n a showy costume, esp. of a female
attendant on a chief at certain cere-
monials, maid-of-honour. (Cf. follg.)
Mpambi, n. (wa-}, a decorator,
of house, person, &c., e.g. a lady's
maid. (Ct. pamba, v.)
Mpanda, n. (wa-}, verbal of
panda, (i) one who climbs, a climber ;
(2) one who plants, a planter. Also
Mpandaji, Mpandi. Also (3) (mi-},
a forked branch or stick, such as
is used for a slave-stick. See
Kongwa.
Mpande, n. (mi-}, piece, part,
side. Rarely used. (Cf. upande,
kipande, pande.}
Mpando, n. (mi-}, (i) a climbing,
mounting up, ascent. Inchiya mpa-
ndo, rising ground. (2) act (pro-
cess, method, &c.) of planting, time
or season of planting. Also of a row
or line of plants, cuttings, seeds, &c.,
e. g. mipando kumi ya muhindi, ten
rows of Indian corn. (Cf. panda,
mpanzi}
Mpango, n. (mi-}, (i) act (pro-
cess, manner, time, &c.) of arranging,
setting in order, placing in line, mar-
shalling (cf. panga, and syn. andika.
'Dizi.pango}. (2) act (terms, method,
&c.) of hiring, renting, letting, &c.
(Cf. panga, ktichisha.}
Mpanzi, n. (wa-}, a planter, a
MPAPAI
243
MPIKAJI
sower. (Cf.panda, mpando. Dist.
fanzi, grasshopper.)
Mpapai, n. (**), the tree which
bears papaw-fruit (papai}. The
leaves and juices rubbed on meat
make it tender, and are so used by
cooks. Digestive preparations are
now made from it.
Mpapatiko, n. (mi-}, fluttering,
throbbing. (Cf. papatika.}
Mpapuro, n. (mi-), a scratching,
a scratch, esp. with nails or claws.
(Cf./a/wra, and mtai, m/uo, mkuno.)
Mparamuzi, n. (mi-) t name of
a tree difficult to climb. Mti pia
umepanda, huu ndio mparamuzi, you
have climbed every kind of tree, but
a puzzler (? Bombax Ceiba).
Mparuzi, n. (wa-) t one who does
not work smoothly, a bungler. (Cf.
paruta.)
Mparuzo, n. (mi-), a scraping,
rough work, bungling, &c. (Cf.
prec.)
Mpasi, n. (wa-), one who gets,
one who makes money, a rising am-
bitious man, a prosperous merchant.
(Cf. /a/a, pato, and syn. tajiri,
us'.)
Mpatanishi, n. (u>a-}, a peace-
maker, reconciler, one who brings
people to terms, settles quarrels and
difficulties, a negotiator. (Cf.
patana, and msuluhishi.)
Mpato, n. (mi-), (\) verbal of
pata, a getting, a procuring, &c. ;
(a) a float used for showin;
position of a fishing-net, and keeping
it extended; (3) ? lattice, trellis-
work
Mpekecho, n. (mi-), (i) a twirl-
a stirring; (a) a disturbance,
agitation, fomenting of discord.
ftkccha, ufxkecho.)
Mpekuci, n. (wa-;, <>nc who picks
and scratches (like a fowl), an in
ve person. (Cf. pekua.)
Mpelekwa, n. (wa-), a person
sent, a messen (Cf. fxltka
and syn. tume.)
Mpelelesi, n. (wa-), (i) one who
nvestigates, reconnoitres, examines,
&c. ; (2) a spy, scout, tracker, eaves-
dropper. (Cf. peleleza.}
Mpenda, Mpendi, n. (wa-), ver-
xils of penda, one who loves, likes,
ntends, &c., a lover. Mpcndwa
(tva-\ one who is loved. (Cf.
pctuia, mapenda, mpenzi^ npendo.}
Mpenyezi, n. (wa-), (i) one who
ntroduces, causes to enter or pene-
:rate, brings in, and esp. in an under-
hand secret way, hence (2) a traitor,
smuggler, illicit trader, secret agent,
one who gives bribes. Mpenyczo,
bribe. (Cf.penya, upenyezi.}
Mpenzi, n. (wa-\ (i) one who
is beloved, a dear favourite person ;
(2) one who loves, a lover, as
niptndi. Cf. mapcnzi, active love,
inclination, will, and see Mapenda.
Mpenzi hana kinyongo, (i) the ob-
ject of affection has no defect, causes
no scruples; (2) a lover sees no
defects. (Cf. petuia, upenti.)
Mpepea, n. ('-), a light breeze,
a zephyr, i.e. upepo mpepta, a breeze
that fans. (Cf. Ar/oz, uptpo,pepeo.)
Mpepetaji.n. (wa-),also Mpetaji,
one who sifts or winnows grain, &c.
Mpera, n. (/*-), tne tree that
ic guava fruit, pera. Mpera
wa kizungti, the rose-apple tree.
Another variety is the nttofaa.
Mpetaji, n. (wa-),
Mpevushi, n. (wa-), a corrupter
of morals, es] ;m^, lit. one
who ripens, brings to maturity, forces
growth. (Cf. pcoua, -ptr>u, and
XSMMM.)
Mpiga, n. (aw-), verbal of
all its manifold uses, one who strikes,
SecFiga.
Mpiganisho, n. (mi- , collision,
Mpigo, n. (mi -), act (mode, &c.)
of striking. (Cf./^.)
Mpikaji, n. (-a-), a cook, a pro-
fessional cook, head cook. (Cf.
pika, tnpishi, and follg.)
R a
MPIKO
244
MPUNGA
Mpiko, n. (mi-}, (i) stick or pole
to carry or sling loads on; (2) act
(process, method, &c.) of cooking,
including mkaango, mchomo, mtokoso,
mwoko. See Pika.
Mpilipili, n. (mi-}, the plant pro-
ducing capsicums (pilipili}, the red-
pepper plant. (Cf. pilipili.}
Mpimo, n. (;/-), (i) act (mode,
means, &c.) of measuring ; (2) pay-
^Cf. pima,
kipimo.}
ment for measuring. (Cf. pima,
Mpindani, n. (wa-), a person bent
or crooked by stiffness or disease.
(Cf. pinda, and follg.)
Mpindano, n. (mt-\ a bending
together, a stiffening. Mp. wa mshi-
pa, cramp. (Cf. pinda, and syn.
kiharusi.}
Mpinduzi, n. (wa-}, one who
turns things upside down, a revolu-
tionist, a disturber of peace. (Cf.
pinda, pindua.}
Mpingani, n. (wa-}, an obstruc-
tor, a stubborn opponent. (Cf.
pinga.}
Mpirjgo, n. (mi-), the ebony tree.
Mpini, n. (mi-\ a handle, haft,
of an instrument, such as knife, sword,
tool. (Cf. kipini. Other kinds
are called (i) mkono, e.g. projecting
handle of a saucepan ; (2) utambo,
e. g. handle of a bucket.)
Mpira, n. (mi-}, (i) a tree pro-
ducing india-rubber ; (2) the substance
india-rubber; (3) a ball of india-
rubber, and hence a ball of any ma-
terial, used of a cricket- or foot-ball,
and extended to any games of ball.
Gema mpira, draw off the sap from
an india-rubber tree. Mpira wa ku-
ponda, india-rubber got by boiling
the roots of trees. The natives make
up the sap into balls of about three
inches diam. for sale. (Cf. mbungo,
mtoria.}
Mpishi, n. (wa-), a cook. (Cf.
pika, pikisha, upishi. Dist. pisha,
Cs. oipita, andflisAi, a measure.)
Mpofu, n. (wa-), an eland. Also
(from -pofu}, a blind person, blind,
i. e. mtu mpofu wa macho. (Cf. -pofn,
pofua. And for various antelopes
cf. paa, n.)
Mpokezi, n. (wa-), one who re-
ceives, a receiver, recipient. (Cf.
pokea, and mkabithi.}
Mponda, n. (wa-}, verbal ofponda,
one who crushes, breaks to pieces.
Mponda malt, a spendthrift, prodigal.
Mpondo, n. (mi-}, a pole for
pushing a vessel in shallow water, a
punting-pole. (Cf. ponda, also
pondo, kipondo.}
Mpopoo, n. (mi-}, the areca palm,
bearing the betel-nut, .popoo, which is
always in great request for chewing.
See Popoo, Tambmj, Uraibu.
Mposa, n. (wa-}, a suitor, one who
makes proposals of marriage to
parents. (Cf. posa, and follg.)
Mposo, n. (mi-}, proposal of mar-
riage, wooing. (Cf. posa, and prec.)
Mpotezi, n. (wa-}, one who spoils,
ruins, corrupts, misleads, destroys,
perverts, &c. (Cf. potea, -potevu,
and follg., and syn. mwangamizi.}
Mpoto, n. (wa-}, and more com-
monly Mpotofu, Mpotoe, wrong-
headed, wilful, perverse, wayward,
headstrong, unprincipled, contr. of
mwongofu, and described as mtu
asiyeongoka, a man who does not go
the right way ; asiyeshika akili za
mtu mwingine, one who never listens
to others. (Cf. potoa, and potea.}
Mpozi, n. (wa-}, one who cures, a
physician, a title which is usually
ascribed to God. Mpozi ni Muungu,
God is the real physician. Doctors
are usually called mganga, tabibu,
daktari. (Cf. poa, pona, poza.}
MTpumbafu, n. (wa-}, a fool, a
dupe, described as mtu aseyiweza
kufanyiza kazi ya nafsi yake, a man
who has not the. wits to do what he
sets himself to do. (Cf. pumbaa,
-pumbafu, and syn. mjinga, bara-
thuli.}
Mpunga, n. (mi-}, the rice plant,
and rice while still growing or in the
husk. (When husked it is called
MPUNGATE
245
MSAFA
mchcle, when cooked in the ordinary
way wait."} .
Mpungate, n. (mi-) f a kind of
cactns (Str.).
Mpuzi, n. (wa-), one who is
foolish, flippant, careless, loose, in
conduct, conversation, &c., a gossip,
flirt, babbler, gad-about. (Cf.
-/-*', ttpuzi, fuza.)
Mpwa, n. (zva-\ sister's child,
nephew, niece, and ? cousin. (Not
often in Z.)
Mpweke, n. (mi-) t (i) a short
thick stick, cudgel, bludgeon (cf.
kibarango, and for other sticks bakora,
fimho). (a) a. Sec -pweke.
Mpya, a. See -pya.
*Mraba, n. mi-} and Mrabba,
what is fourfold, square, a square,
a rectangle, a right angle. Also of
squares laid out for planting, garden
beds, -a miraba minne t rectangular.
i wa miraba minne, a square-
built, stout man. Piga miraba ka-
tika shamba, lay out beds for cultiva-
on an estate. (Ar. Cf. robo,
droba. Also in Ar. mraba means
jam, preserve.')
*Mrabaha, n. (mi-), royalty, fee
paid to a chief by a trader for right
of trading in a place. (Ar. Cf.
rabbi.)
*Mradi, n. (mi-), intention, plan,
resolve. (Ar. Cf. nia, shauri,
azima, kits Mai.)
*Mrama> n. also Mramma, Mra-
man tossing, rolling, the
: a ship at sea, e.g. m. wa
chonibo. Enda M., roll, toss, j
&c., of a ship. (Ar. Cf. suko-
Mrao, n. (mi-), fuse for a gun,
match fur lighting the powder in a
matchlock. a small twisted bit of
Ic fibre from a suitable tree.
',w t a matchlock gun.
;.)
*Mrashi, n. (mi-), a long-necked
glass or n c or flask, used
for sprinkling scent. (,Ar.
mar at hi.)
*Mrejaa, n. and Mregaa. Bei
ya mrejaa, trading by commission,
i.e. with goods lent for sale, and
returnable if not sold. (Ar., lit.
' returning.' Cf. rejea, and kopa,
ukopi.)
Mrenaha, n. (mi-), the thorn-apple
tree (Str.).
Mreno, n. (wa-), a Portuguese.
(Cf. -rent.)
Mrera, n. lines of ornamental
stitching on the collar of a kanzu,
usually of red silk. See Kanzu.
*Mrihani, n. basil (the aromatic
herb). (Ar. Cf. rihani, mami-
kato.)
Mrija, n. (mi-\ a small kind of
reed, often used as a pipe (for
drinking with, musical, &c,), and so
(a) a pipe, tube, piping.
Mrima, n. and Merirna, name of
the strip of coastland opposite and
south of Zanzibar, with its own dialect
of Swahili called Kimrima. '1 he
people also are described as \\ a-
mrima. (Perh. cf. m/ima, i. e. the
hill-country, rising from the coast
inland.)
*Mrithi, n. (wa-), an heir, legatee,
inheritor. (Ar. Cf. rithi, urithi,
warithi.)
*Mrithia, n. (wa-) t a pleasant,
affal ile, am iable person. (Ar. Cf.
rai 'hi ', ttrathi.)
Mrithishi, n. (wa-), an executor,
of a will. ( Ar. Cf. mrithi.)
Mruba, n. (mi-), a leech.
Mrututu, n. sulphate of copper,
blue-stone, blue vitriol, often used
as a caustic for sores, &c.
Msaada, n. (mi-), help, aid, assist-
ance, support. (Ar.
and s ' cmco t shir.
Msafa, n. (mi-), a lint
series, more commonly sa/u
Msafa wa mitima, a chain of
mountains, mountain- i.r
fungamana,kama kilima kimoja fcwa
kimoja, they are joined together like
.uous series of hills. (Ar.
Cf. msfari, mpango, and sa/u.)
MSAFAKA
246
MSEMO
*Msafara, n. (mi-), a travelling
company, caravan, expedition, for
trading, war, &c. Andika (tengeneza,
paiiga) msafara, organize an expedi-
tion. (Ar. Cf. safiri, safari, and
follg.)
*Msafiri, n. (wa-), a traveller (by
sea or land), wayfarer, voyager.
(Ar. Cf. prec., and syn. mpitaji,
mtembezi, abiria.)
*Msahafu, n. (mi-), a. book (blank,
written, or printed), esp. the Coran,
the Book, the Mahommedan Bible.
Also page or leaf of a book, i.e.
karatasi ya chuo kitupu, kisicho-
andikwa, page of a blank book not
written in. (Ar. sahifat, a page,
layer. Cf. kitabu, chuo.)
*Msahau, n. (wa-), one wno f r ~
gets, a forgetful person. (Ar. Cf.
sahau, -sahaulifu.)
*Msaji, n. (mi-}, the teak tree,
teak wood, imported to Zanzibar,
resists the attacks of white ants.
Msakaji, n. (wa-), one who hunts,
i.e. msakaji nyama, a hunter of
game. (Cf. follg. and nlwinda,
mwindaji.)
Msako, n. (mi-), hunting, a hunt.
(Cf. saka, and syn. winda, mwindo.)
*Msala, n. (mi-}, (i) a praying
mat, usually oval, and hence of oval
or round mats in general. Also (2)
a private place, bath, closet, like
faraghani. Yuko msalani, he is en-
gaged. Akapelekwa msalani akaenda
akaoga, he was conducted to the bath-
room and went and had a bath.
(Ar. Cf. sala, sali, and for mats
mkeka, kitanga. Also cf. choo.)
Msalaba, n. (mi-), (i) a cross,
anything in the form of a cross. Also
(2) instrument of torture, used for
mkatale, stocks. (Ar. CLsulubu.)
*Msalata, n. (wa-), a harsh, over-
bearing, unfeeling, provoking person,
(Ar. Cf. saliti, and syn. mgomvi
msumbufu, &c.)
Msalimina, Msalimu, n. (wa-)
variants of Mwislamu, Msilimu, a
Mahommedan, a Moslem.
*Msaliti, n. (wa-). See Msalata.
*Msamaha, n. (mi-) also Msa-
meha, pardon, forgiveness, forbear-
ance, respite. Nataka msamaha
kwako, 1 beg your forgiveness.
(Ar. Cf. samehe, and follg., and syn.
achilio, ghofira.)
*Msamehe, n. (wa-), a forgiving,
merciful person. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
Msamilo, n. (mi-), wooden head-
rest, used by natives as a pillow.
*Msanaa, n. (wa-), also Msani,
one skilled in an art, artist, artisan.
(Ar. Cf. sanaa, -sanifu. In Z.
commoner syn. are fundi, waria,
mstadi, mbingwa.)
*Msandali, n. (mi-), the tree pro-
ducing the aromatic sandal-wood.
*Msandarusi, n. (mi-), the gum-
copal tree. (Cf. santtarusf.)
Msangao, n. (mi-), also Msha-
ngao (which see).
Msapata, n. (mi-), a kind of
native dance. (Cf. ngoma.)
Msasa, n. (mi-), (i) a plant or
shrub with rough leaves, used for
smoothing wood. Hence (2) sand-
paper, emery paper.
Msazo, n. (mi-), what is left over,
leavings, remnant, remainder. (Cf.
salia, saza, sazo, salio, and syn. baki.)
Msekeneko, n. syphilis. (Cf.
sekeneka.)
*Mselehisha, n. (wa-), also -ishi,
a reconciler, a peacemaker. (Ar.
Cf. suluhi, selehisha, and syn. mpa-
tanishi.)
Msema, n. (wa-), verbal of sema,
one who says, speaks, has the power
of speech. (Cf. sema, nena, and
follg.)
Msemi, Msemaji, n. (wa-), (i)
a speaker, a narrator ; (2) an eloquent
person, an orator, a fluent, talkative
person. Msemaji wa habari,onz who
tells news, a narrator, an historian.
(Cf. sema, and prec., ttsemi, use-
maji.)
Msemo, n. (mi-), act (kind, style,
&c.) of speaking, utterance, speech.
Kilichowaftmga ni msemo wao we-
MSETIRI
247
MS HIND ANT
, wh.it convicted them wa> their
own speech. (Cf. scma, and prec.)
Msetiri, n. (iva-}. See Mstiri.
Mseto, n. (mi-\ and Msheto, a
mixtureof grains and other ingredients
cooked for food, a mash, e. g. nitama,
choroko, kunde, viazi. (Cf. seta.)
Msewe, n. (#-) a sort of rattle,
fastened to the leg, to make a jingle
in dancing. (Cf. njttga.)
*Mshabaha, n. (mi-}, likeness, re-
semblance, similitude. Used also like
methali (mithili) and mfano as a
conj. ' in the likeness (of), like,' for
the common kama t sawa (no). Msha-
baha mmoja, alike. ( AT. Cf. sha-
baha.)
*Mshahara, n. (-), monthly
wages, regular salary. (Ar. shahr,
a month. Cf. ujira.)
*Mshairi, n. (/o-), a composer
of verses, a rhymer, a poet. (Ar.
Cf. shairi.)
Mshakiki, n. (//-), (i) spit,
skewer; (2) a bit of meat, toasted
iibers on a skewer. (Ar.
sikkat, and cf. syn. kijiti, kibanzi.)
Mshale, n. (wi-), an arrow. For
parts cf. chembe (iron head),
wane (shaft), manyoya (feathers ,
koleo (notch). Dim. kishalc. (Other
common weapons are tnktt
Mshangao, n. ( ///!) also Msa-
ngao, thrilling excitement, deep sen-
ration, wonder, perplex-
ity, amnzcmcnt, bewilderment, stupe-
Ona (fanya, shikwa na,
.?*<), be seized with wonder, &c.
mgaa, and ajabu, bumbwui,
.
Mshari, n. (wa~\ an eril ,
one who brings n 11 link,
destruction, &c. Opp. of heri.
(Ar. Cf. syn. mgomvi, rntrsi, mMtrqfi t
mchokozi, <
*Mharika, n. (wa-\ also Mshi-
riki, p.-iitncr, ]>aiticipator, sharer,
associate, equal, but tns/ia;
imply the closest possible i-
tion of interests, r
< nature, and feeling. (Ar. Cf.
shariki, shiriki, and syn. nm
rafiki.)
*Mshathali, a. and adv., also
Mahethali, and sometimes heard as
Msitara, crooked, slanting, oblique,
out of the straight or level, sloping,
on one side. (?Ar., and cf. syn.
upandc t kikombo, kipogo?)
*Mshauri, n.(wa-), adviser, friend,
counsellor. (Ar. Cf. shauri.)
*Msheheri, n. (wa-), an Arab
from Sheher in South Arabia, usu.
of a low class, engaged in manual
trades and labour. (Ar.)
*Mshemali, n. (wa-) t a northern
Arab, i. e. one who comes from
Muscat and the Persian Gulf. (Ar.)
Mshenzi, n. (tt'tf-), a barbarian,
savage, one of the aborigines, a person
untouched by civilization. Often used
contemptuously by the coast SwahilU
of those who come from the interior.
(Cf. us/ienzi, mjii.
Msheto, n. (///<-). See Mseto.
Mshika,Mshiki,n.(/a-),onewho
holds, takes hold of, grasps. Mshiki
shikio (oT,MSuani), pilot, steersman.
(Cf. shika.)
Mshikilizo, n. (mi-\ lit. a causing
to hold on to, or together, used of
tacking or basting materials ready
Mshinda, n. (wa-\ verbal of
shinda, one who remains, co;
&c. (See the various meanings of
shinda, and follg.^
Mahindaji, n. (wa-)i * conqueror,
victor, successful competitor or can-
didate. Differs ::
-V, only so far as th
s that the action is character-
nnhindo, and follg.)
Mahindani, n. (w/i-), (i) an op-
:ival, nntn;;
(a) a contentious, obsti
tious person. (Cf. st;:
and syn. mbishi,
*/' w .V ; '
MSHINDE
248
MSIBA
Mshinde, n. (wa-}, one who is
conquered. (From shinda, with
pass, terrain, -e. Not often used.)
Mshindi, n. (wa-}, a conqueror,
winner, prize-taker, victor. (Cf.
shinda, mshindi, mshindaji, and prec.)
Mshindilio, n. (mi-}, a pushing,
a pressing, application of force.
Used of (i) loading a gun, ramming
the charge home. Also of (2) the
charge or cartridge itself. (Cf.
shinda, shindilia, and kiasi}
Mshindio, n. (mi-}, (i) the work-
ing of the woof or weft across the warp
(rntande) in weaving; (2) the woof
itself. Used also of the interlacing
of plaited leaf strips (mashupatu} to
form a bedstead (kitanda}, mshindio
wa mashupatu. (Cf. shinda, and
prec., also mfwno for weaving.)
Mshindo,n. (z#/-),used to describe
any act (process, effect), characterized
by suddenness, force, violence, &c.,
and so translated variously as ' shock,
blow, stroke, explosion, noise, bang,
sensation, burst, thump, crash, out-
break, tumult, uproar,' &c. Mshindo
wa nguritmo, peal of thunder. Ngoma
ya mishindo saba, a drum with seven
notes. Ikawa mshindo mkubwa
katika inchi, there was a general
rising throughout the land. Also of
a report, rumour, news of a thrilling
or sensational kind. Mshindo iva
miguu, tramp of feet. (Cf. shinda,
and prec., and dim. kishindo.}
Mshipa, n. (mi-}, used rather
vaguely of minor organs of the body
not commonly distinguished by
natives, blood-vessel, nerve, vein,
artery, and of any pain, ache, disease
or affection of them, ache, swelling,
throbbing, fullness of blood. E.g.
mshipa unampiga fundo, there is a
knot (obstruction, clot) in his vein,
of aneurism, &c. Marathiya mshipa,
neuralgic pain, sciatica, and similar
pains. Mshipa unamtambaa mwili-
ni, of creeping shooting pains in diff-
erent parts of the body. M. inapiga
(inapuma t inattikutikd}, the vein, or
pulse, beats (throbs, is irregular).
Kanda mshipa, feel the pulse.
Mshipi, n. (mi-}, (0 a narrow strip
of stuff (cloth, webbing, &c.), used
as a belt, girdle, waist-band, halter,
also used of braces, suspenders ; (2)
a fishing-line, a fishing-net.
*Mshitiri, n. (wa-), customer,
buyer. (Arab., for the common
mnunuzi}
Mshituko, n. (mi-}. See Mshtuko.
Mshona, Mshoni, n. (wa-), one
who sews, always a man in Z . ,a tailor.
Mshona viatu, mshoni wa viatu, a
sandal-maker, a shoemaker. (Cf.
shona, and follg.)
Mshono, n. (mi-}, sewing, seam,
suture. Kunga mshono, sew a seam.
(Cf. shona, ushoni, prec., voAkuHgaf
*Mshtaka, n. (mi-}, charge, ac-
cusation, complaint. Fanya mshtaka,
prosecute. (Cf. shtaki, and follg.,
and drfwa.}
*Mshtaki, n. (wa-}, accuser, prose-
cutor, plaintiff. (See Shtaki, and
prec., and cf. dai.}
*Mshubiri, n. (mi-}, an aloe.
(Cf. also subiri, sibiri.}
Mshuko, n. (mi-}, (i) descent*
coming down, an incline ; (2) coming
to end, conclusion. Used of the time
of coming away from the mosque
after any of the usual prayers.
Mshuko wa jua (wa magaribt], time
of twilight, just after sunset, 6 to
6.30 p.m. (Cf. shuka.}
*Mshumaa, n. (mi-}, candle.
See Meshmaa. (Ar.)
*Mshurutisho, n. (mi-}, a com-
pelling, a compulsion, moral pressure.
(Ar. Cf. sharti, shnruti.}
*Msiba, n. (mi-}, (i) calamity,
misfortune, untoward accident, dis-
aster; (2) sorrow, distress of mind,
grief; (3) formal mourning, outward
signs of sorrow, &c. Used of war,
famine, sickness, and minor calami-
ties. Msiba mkuu (mkubwa, mgwmi),
a great disaster. Fanya (ona, ingia,
pata, &c.), m-, ^ke to heart, grieve
(over). Muungu hushusha msiba
MSIBU
240
MSOMESHI
kwao ivaJtnda maovu, God sends
down calamities on evil-doers.
A'wcnda kupa mkono u<a msiba, go
and make a visit of condolence, offer
sympathy, inquire after, after a
funeral, misfortune, &c. Akakaa
msiba iva mamaye, he observed the
usual mourning for his mother.
jumbe amekufa, ukaanguka
msiba mkubwa mno wa ajabu, when
' a chief dies, it means the occurrence
of a very great and exceptional
demonstration of sorrow. (Ar.
Cf. masaibu, sibu, and follg.)
*Msibu, n. (wa-), one who causes
trouble, distress, &c. (Ar. Cf.
sibu, and prec.)
*Msifu, n. (wa-), verbal of si/u,
one who praises, recommends, flatters.
Afsi/u mno, a gross flatterer, toady,
parasite. (Cf. sifu, si/a.)
Maijana, n. (wa-), young unmar-
ried person of either sex, from ten to
twenty-five years of age. (Not usual
in Z. Cf. kijana. Perh. m-si-jana,
i.e. one who is not a child. Cf.
msikwao?)
*Msikiti, n. mosque. See Mos-
kiti. (Ar.)
Maikizi, n. (wa-}, one who hears,
heeds, obeys, and so (i) an auditor,
hearer, listener, one who attends a
class or meeting ; (2) a follower, dis-
ciple, adherent, a teachable, obedient
person, good pupil, good servant.
Afwcnyeti Mngu ni msik
-ua kilLi kittt, Almighty
God sees and hears evt
Nalafuta ivatu wasikiii, I am
looking for people to listen to my
case. (Cf. -sikia, -sikifu, siJtio.)
Maikwao, n. (wa-), one who has
no home, a vagrant, a wanderer (si
kpao). (Cf. mkiwa.)
Mailirnu, n. (wa-). See Mwi-
ftlarnu.
Maimamizi, n. (wa-), lit. one
who causes to stand, or stands over,
i.e. an overseer, overlooker, esp. the
headman of a plantation, or of a
caravan. Also generally, responsible
head, director, manager, superinten-
dent, steward, foreman. (Cf.
simama, and also nokoa, kadamu?)
Msimulizi, n. (wa-), one who
reports, narrates, gives an account,
tells a story, recounts news, news-
man. (Cf. sumulia.)
Msindikizo, n. ('-), act of
escorting, escort, cortege, retinue.
(Cf. siiidikiza, sindika.)
"Msingefuri, n. (mi-), the anatta
plant. (Cf. singefuri.)
Msinji, n. (mi-), also Msingi,
a trench, ditch, cutting made in the
ground, e.g. round a house for
carrying off water, &c., but esp. of
the foundation for a stone house.
Piga (we&a) msinji, lay a foundation.
(Perh. mzingi, and conn, with
zunguka, &c.)
*Msiri, n. (wa-), a confidential
(intimate, bosom) friend, confidential
agent (adviser, counsellor). (Ar.
Cf. siri, and mshauri, mkunga?)
Msisimizi, n. See Mzizimizi.
Msisimuko, n. (nti-), and Mzi-
zim'ko, a startling, nervous excite-
ment, irritation, stimulation. (Cf.
sisima, zizimua, and syn. nishtuko.}
Msitamu, n. (mi-), keelson or
inner keel, to which the foot of the
mast and ribs of a vessel are secured.
(Cf. tnkuku, keel, and c horn bo.)
Msitiri, n. (mi-), and Msetiri.
Sec Mstiri.
Maitu, n. ( and ? mi
covered with thick bushes.
growth, small trees. Son
<z miti, forest, but
is usual in this sense.
Maizi, n. (mi-), a jilan-
which a black dye or i
Dist. mzi
Maomari, n. (mi-), also Mau-
mari, Miamari, a nail, lar
or anything similar in appearance or
use. MsomariwaparajujOin
(Ar.)
Maomoshi, n. (wa-), a t.
instructor, reader, esj .
teaches and leads Mahommedan
MSOMO
250
MSUKI
devotions. (Cf. soma, and follg.
Also mwatimu, mkufunzi^}
Msomo, n. (//-), (i) reading, the
act (method, means, &c.) of reading,
repeating a lesson ; (2) study, subject
of study, lesson, lesson-book. (Cf.
sow a, sowo.)
Msonde, n. (mi-), a kind of drum,
long and of large size, also called
gogo. (Cf. ngoma.^
Msonge, n. and adv. (something)
stirred, twisted, compressed, mud-
dled, jumbled. Maneno haya ni
msongesonge, these words are all
jumbled together, confused. For
ninyonge msonge see Mnyonge.
(Cf. songa, and follg. The -e is
a passive ending.)
Msongi, n. (wa-), one who stirs,
twists, presses, &c. Msongi iva nyele,
a hairdresser, who arranges the hair
in folds (cf. msusi iva nyele, one who
plaits the hair). (Cf. songa, and
prec.)
Msongo, n. (#/*-), a stirring,
twisting, plaiting, compressing,
muddling, &c. (Cf. songa, kisongo,
and prec., and syn. msuko.)
Msonyo, n. (mi-), and Msono,
a whistling sound, made with the
teeth as well as the lip, to attract
notice or express contempt. Piga
(vuta) msonyo, give a whistle. (Cf.
sonya, and fyonya, also mwunzi,
ubinja, and koroma^]
Mstadi, n. (wa-), a skilled work-
man, one who knows his trade.
(Cf.fundi, waria, mlringwa.}
*Mstafeli, n. (mi-), a fruit tree
commonly called w/0//0/<?,and some-
times mtomoko, custard-apple tree
There are several varieties known in
Z., e.g. mstafeli wa kizungu, bearing
the fruit called ' sour-sop,' mst. we
Ajjemi, bearing the ' bullock's heart
There is also an mst. wa mwifu, or
1 wild custard-apple.' (Cf. tope-
tope^
*Mstaki, n. (wa-). See Mshtaki
*Mstamu, n. (mi-). See Msi
tamu.
*Mstarehe, n. state of rest, repose,
:alm, esp. in the phrase raha msta-
rehe, i.e. absolute, complete repose.
(Cf. starehe, -stare/iefu, raha, tttulivu,
':iniya, and mstiri.)
*Mstari, n. (mi-), a line, an ex-
:ended stroke, a line ruled or marked,
a row. Piga tnstari, draw a line.
(Ar. Cf. safu, mfuo, alama.}
*Mstiri, n. (wa-), (i) for mshtiri,
a customer, a buyer (Arab.). (2)
(with variants msetiri, msitiri), one
who conceals, a hider, one who
covers, veils, disguises. (Ar. Cf.
stiri,jicha.)
*Msuaki, n. (mi-), a twig of a
fibrous shrub, the end of which is
chewed and used for rubbing and
cleaning the teeth, a tooth-stick, a
tooth-brush. Often a twig of the
mzambarau. (Ar. tooth-pick.)
*Msufi, n. (mi-), the cotton-tree
(Eriodendron anfractuosuni). (Cf.
sufi, and dist. mpamba, the cotton
plant, a small shrub.)
Msuka, n. (i) (wa-), verbal of
suka, one who plaits, &c. ; (2) ('-)>
the spike of a native hoe (jembe),
the part of the iron head which passes
through and is fixed in the handle
(kipini). See Jembe.
*Msukani, n. (mi-), also Sukani,
Usukani, rudder, and steering gear
in general, of a boat or ship. The
tiller or handle is called kana ; the
tiller-rope, rudder-line, ujart (plur.
njari) ; the steersman, mshiki insu-
kani or rubani\ a steering wheel,
cherehe (or guriidunnt) ya msukani.
(Hind. Cf. shikio.)
Msukano, n. (mi-) and Msuka-
wano, part of the drill (keke) used for
boring hard woods by native car-
penters, viz. the shaft and barrel
carrying the iron bit or boring tool.
See Keke.
Msuki, n. (wa-), also Msusi, one
who plaits, &c. See Suka. M. iva
nyele, a professional or skilled hair-
dresser. M. iva vikapo, a basket
maker.
MSTTKO
251
MTAMBA
Mauko, n. (wi-) act (process/
style, &c.) of plaiting, a plait. Also
oi shaking, e.g. of a ship .it sea.
1 ot si<Ji-a, in all its meanings.)
*Msuluhishi, n. (wa-), a peace-
a reconciler, one who brings
to terms, arranges a bargain, ends a
quarrel, &c. (Ar. Cf. suluhisha,
-suluhifu, and syn. mpatanishi.}
Msumeno, n. (mi-), a sawing tool,
a saw. Piga m., use a saw. Kata
kwa m., cnt with a saw, i.e. pasua.
Various kinds are m. wa kitanda,
frame-saw, large ones being used
as pit-saws, and for plank cutting.
M. wa kamba, a fret-saw. M. -ca
jambeni, a saw with two saw-edges.
(Cf. Ar.jambe, two-sided. Also/ti-JM,
ji-su, whence perh. m-su with metw,
i.e. a toothed or serrated knife.)
Msunobari, n. (mi-), pine-tree,
fir-tree, deal. timber imported in
(juantities to Z. chiefly from Norway.
; idly destroyed by white ants.
(Ar. and Hind.)
Msuruaki, n. (mi-), the wooden
peg on a kind of clog (mtalawanda}
used by women indoors, passing
between the toes and so holding the
clog on the foot.
Msuai, n. (wa) for Mauki (which
see). (Dist. mzuzi.)
MNUSU. n. (mi-), name of a tree.
Mfluto, n. (mi-) and Msutu, a
large piece of coloured call
used as a screen or partition in a
native house, more commonly ki-
sittu, a piece of coloured calico worn
as a woman's dress. (Cf. nguo,
'")
Msuzo.n. w/- and Mauso, handle
of wood by which the upper stone is
turned, in grinding grain between two
stones.
*Mta, n. (m/-), division of a town,
quarter, district, parish. A'aa mtaa
mmo/a, live in the same district,
Ljhbours. (Cf. syn. fungu %
seh*mu, M/w./V.)
*Mtaala, ractice, read-
ing. (Ar. Cf. taali, and toma.)
*Mtaalarnu, n. (wa-), an educated,
learned, well-instructed person, a
scholar, a sage. (Ar. Cf.
and syn. mwana vyuo.)
*Mtabiri, n. (wa-), one who an-
nounces or foretells events, a prophet,
a soothsayer. (Ar. Cf. tabiri,
hubiri, and nabii.}
Mtafara, n. (mi-), crupper, the
cord used to fasten the saddle to the
tail (*c.).
Mtai, n. (*'-), a scratch, a slight
cut. Piga mtai, make a scratch,
scarify. (Cf. fapura, chora, to/a,
piga, ukucha, also tnfuo.)
Mtaimbo, n. (w/-), also Mta-
limbo, an iron crowbar, lever, bar.
Mtajiri, n. (wa-). See Tajiri.
Mtaka, n. (wa-), one who wants,
S, needs, &c. See Taka, v.
Mtaka yote hukora yotc, he who begs
for everything gets nothing. (Cf.
mtashi, mwombaji.}
Mtakaso, n. cleansing, a thing
cleaned (cf. takasd). Also ? a rustl-
ing, rustle, perh. a variant of mcha-
kacho (which see).
Mtalawanda, n. ('-% also Mtaa-
wanda, (i) a tree supplying j. light
wood, from which clogs are made in
:ice also (a) a wooden clog,
i.e. kiatu cha ni/i. (Cf. fciatu.)
Mtali, n. (/i-), an anklet, bangle.
(Cf. funtngu, and for other orna-
ments urcmbo.}
Mtama, n. (ii-), millet, Kaffir
corn, sorghum, a food sta
many districts near 7.
young half-grown millet.
Mtama tcff, millet
but not fully ripe. The stal',.
(ma-), and of a sweet kind kota (ma-).
Various kinds are known as
kipajc, kibak:*
>od t corn of any k: ^l. 1 <r
other kinds cf. ttu'flf, :,
nguno, shayiri, ki manga, nukele.)
Mtamba, n. (tea-), a female ani-
mal that has not yet borne
^mbe, a heifer. (Cf.
. (-a.)
MTAMBAAZI
252
MTEMA
Mtambaazi, n. (wa-), any crawl-
ing creature, insect or reptile. (Cf.
-tarnbaa, -tambaazi, utambaazi, and
tiririka, used of the gliding of
snakes, i.e. without feet.)
Mtambo, n. (mi-), a trap with
a spring-action. Hence of any simi-
lar contrivance or machine with
movement. Mtambo wa btmduki,
the lock (or, action) of a gun. Tega
mtambo, set a trap. Mtambo wa taa,
a clock (or, watch) spring. (Cf.
tamba, tambo, kitambo, utambo,
tambi, tambaa, &c., differing in
meaning, but perh. with same root.)
Mtambuu, n. (mi-), the shrub
which produces the betel-leaf, in
great request for chewing at Z. See
Tambuu, Uraibu.
Mtambuzi, n. (wa-'}, a knowing,
clever, well-informed, intelligent per-
son. (Cf. tambua, utambtizi, and
tamba.}
Mtanda, n. (wa-}, verbal oftattda,
one who spreads, &c. See Tanda,
and follg.
Mtande, n. (mi-), lifc - something
spread or stretched out. Hence used
of (i) a frame of sticks, or a line on
which clothes, &c. are hung to dry.
Also of a weaver's loom, more accu-
rately called kitanda cha mfumi. (2)
strip of flesh, or fish, hung up to dry-
in the sun or by the fire. Also of
the threads of the warp in a loom,
the woof being mskindio. (Cf.
tanda, and follg.)
Mtando, n. (mi-), a spreading,
a stretching out, &c. Also of what
is spread out. (Cf. tanda, and
prec.)
Mtanga, n. (wa-), one who wan-
ders idly and aimlessly about, an
idler, loafer, common tourist, vaga-
bond, tramp. So also Mtangatanga.
(Cf. tonga, mtango, kitanga, and
syn. mtembezi, mfluzi.)
Mtangazi, n. (wa-), one who
makes generally known, proclaims,
divulges. (Cf. tangaa.)
Mtango, n. (mi-), (i) a loitering,
strolling about, idling (see Tanga,
and prec.). (2) the plant producing
the tango, a kind of cucumber used
as a vegetable.
Mtangulizi, n. (wa-), one who
goes before, leads the way, is pre-
eminent or first in anything, and so
a leader, ringleader, herald, fore-
runner, predecessor. (Cf. tangulia,
and syn. takadamu.)
Mtani, n. (wa-), one of a family,
clan, or tribe, a kinsman, a rela-
tion, but not nearer than a cousin
on the father's side. (Cf. utani.)
Mtapo, n. (mi-) t name of a plant,
a kind of Cycad. Also verbal n. of
tapa, shivering.
Mtasbihi, n. (mi-}, a kind of reed.
Mtashi, n. (wa-), an earnest, im-
portunate suppliant, one whose mind
is set on an object, an urgent pleader.
(Cf. taka, v., and syn. mwombaji.)
Mtata, n. (;/'-), name of a plant.
Mtatago, n. (mi-), a tree placed
so as to bridge or dam a stream, i. e.
mti wa kukingamisha magogo tntoni.
(Cf. ulalo.)
Mtatid, Mtatizo, n. (mi-), a coil-
ing (of cord), winding (of thread),
an entanglement. (Cf. tata, tatiza.)
*Mta'wa, n. (wa-), (i) one who
stays at home, keeps indoors, and so
(2) one who leads a moral self-con-
trolled life, a recluse, a devout re-
ligious person. (? Ar. Cf. tawa,
close up, utawa. In (2) sense, the
sound of a seems prolonged, and is
written sometimes mtaawa, mtaowa,
Mta'-wa.)
Mtawanya, n. (wa-), one who
scatters, and so, one who spends
freely, an open-handed, liberal per-
son. (Cf. tawanya, and syn.
karimtt, mpaji.)
Mtazamo, n. (mi-), looking, gaz-
ing. See Tazama.
Mtego, n. (mi-), a trap, snare,
gin, used of all kinds of devices for
snaring animals and birds. Tega
mtego, set a trap. (Cf. -tega.)
Mtema, Mtemi, n. (wa-), verbal
MTEMBEZI
253
MTI
oftema, one who spits, one who cuts.
See Tema, and Mtemo.
Mtembezi, n. (wa-), (i) from
tembca, one who walks about for
pleasure or exercise rather than busi-
ness, an idler, a pleasure-seeker, a
tourist, &c., e.g. mtembezi a/a miguu
yoke, one who travels for pleasure,
lives off his own feet; (2) from
tcmbeza, e. g. mtembezi wa bithaa,
one who hawks goods about for sale,
a pedlar, a commercial traveller.
(Cf. tenibea, tanga, zunguka.)
Mtemo, n. (**-), (i) cutting;
(a) spitting, i. e. mtemo wa mate,
See Tema.
Mtendaji, n. (wa-}, an active
(energetic, enterprising, pushing) per-
son. (Cf. tcnda, kitendo, utendaji,
fee.)
Mtende, n. (mi-), a date-palm,
producing the fruit tend*. Not nu-
merous in Z., dates being imported
rabia.
Mtendo, n. (mi-}, a doing, mode
of acting, performing, accomplishing.
Ja, kitendo, utendaji.)
Mtenga, n. .wa-}, verbal of tenga
(which see), one who separates, &c.
Mtengo, n. (mi-), a separating, a
dividing off, &c. See Tenga.
Mtengwa, n. (wa-), one who is
dividc<l off, separated, put aside, set
apart, devoted (to a work or occupa-
,**)
Mtenzi, n. (wa-), one who does
things, carries on work, follows a
trade or occupation, &c. M. wa
mashairi (wa man f no), one who
makes poetry (stories), a poet, an
author. M. wa kasi, an active,
h.inl-workir.g person. (Cf.
Mtepe, n. (mi-), a native sailing
vessel, with a very long 'projecting
prow, upright mast, and square mat-
ting sail. Constructed with wooden
pegs and cord, nt coast towns ;
Mombasa, Patta, Lamu, &c., and
their trading
voyages. (Cf. chombo, dan.)
Mtepetevu, n. (wa-), a slack, re-
miss, do-nothing person. (Cf. -te-
pctevu, utepetevu^)
Mteremezi, n. (wa-), a kindly,
genial, friendly person, who sets
others at their ease. (Cf. terema,
and follg., -kunjufu, changant ka!)
Mteremo, n. (mi-}, cheerfulness,
happiness,comfort, relief from trouble.
(Cf. terema, and prec.)
Mtesi, n. (wa-), one who causes
trouble or annoyance, a persecutor,
opponent, enemy, a quarrelsome or
litigious person. (Cf. tesa, teso.)
Mtete, n. (mi-), a reed. (Cf.
kitfte, unyasi, mwanzi, bua.)
Mtetemo, n. (mi-), shaking, trem-
bling, shuddering, shivering, quak-
ing. Mtetemo wa ituhi, earthquake.
Aft. wa niftto, chattering of the teeth.
(Cf. tetema, tetemeko, and syn. mti-
biso, msuko.)
Mteua, n. (wa-), verbal of teua,
one who chooses, criticizes, picks and
chooses. Mteua mno huangitkia
mbovu, the dainty person is sure to
find (his food) bad. (Cf. teua, and
follg.)
Mteule, n. (wa-), one who is
chosen, selected, picked out, and so
choice, of high quality or character.
(Cf. teua, -teulc, mtcuzi, and prec.)
Mteuzi, n. (wa-), like Mteua, a
dainty person, a critic, an eclectic, a
COIMK >isscur, e.g. mteuzi haachi tamaa,
i. e. a critic is never satisfied. (Cf.
/*, and prec, and syn. mchaguzi.)
Mthalimu, n. (wa-), an unjust,
tyrannical person, an oppress
pot, persecutor, defraudcr, &c. ( Ar.
Cf. thalimu, uthalirnu, thulu
*Mthamini, n. (wa-), a
trustee, one who goes bail for a
a hostage, guarantor. (A
(ham;' >ia.)
Mti, n. mi-), (i) a tree, of any
kind and in any state; (2) tree-
material, i.e. wood, timber; fj) a
tree, or part of a tree, prepared for
use, pole, post, palisade. Mtrikebtt
.1 wooden ship. Xyttmbaya
MTI
254
MTONDOO
;////, a house of timber, a wooden
house. Nyumba ya miti, a house
built with poles. Mti kati, a post
to which a prisoner is secured by
fetters on his feet. (Cf. mkatale.}
(Cf. kijiti, iiti, and ubau, plank,
sawn timber, ngitzo, boriti. Lists of
trees may be found in Sacleux,
Dictionnaire Franf.-Swahili, Appen-
dix, and for British Central Africa in
Johnston's British Central Africa,
p. 227, first ed.)
Mti, n. ( ). Marat hi ya mti,
uwele wa mti, denotes sores of a
scrofulous or gangrenous kind.
*Mtii, n. (wa-}, an obedient (sub-
missive, docile) person. (Ar. Cf.
/zY, tttii, ta'a.}
Mtikiti, n. (mi-}, the plant pro-
ducing the water-melon, tikiti.
Mtima, n. (mi-}, heart, seldom
used in modern Swahili, for moyo.
Mtindi, n. ( ), buttermilk, also
described as mtindi wa maziwa, or
maziwa ya mtindi. (Cf. -ttndi.}
Mtindo, n. (mi-}, (i) sort, shape
size, pattern, cut; (2) a special sort,
a good kind, extra quality ; (3) con-
clusion, end. Nguo hii ya m., this
is a special (unusual, superfine) calico
(dress, fabric). Mwanangu ni m
wa yule, my son is just like him
M. wa kusi, the end of the (season
of the) south wind. (Cf. kitinda
tindika. Perh. same as chinja
mchinjo, i. e. (i) a cutting ; (2) cut
shape ; (3) cutting off, end.)
*Mtini, n. (mi-}, a fig-tree, th
fruit being tini. (The wild fig
mvumo.}
Mtipitipi, n. (mi-}, name of .
climbing plant, or creeper. (Dist
tipitipi, a bird.)
Mto, n. (mito), (i) a river, smal
or large, rivulet, brook, stream, &c.
(2) creek, inlet, estuary, arm of thi
sea, i. e. mto wa bahari\ (a) a cushion
pillow. Mto wa kono, a branchinj
river, delta. Mto mkavu, a river bed
dry channel. Mkono wa z/0, affluent
branch of a river. Mto waenda
asst, the river runs swiftly. Vnka
nto, cross a river. Kata mto, go up-
tream. Fuata mto, go down-stream.
Wo haupitiki, the river is impass-
ble. (Cf. jito, kijito, also juto,
and nto, mfo.}
Mtoa, Mtoaji, n. (wa-}, verbal of
oa, in all its senses, one who gives,
emoves, &c. See Toa. Mtoaji
kahawa, one who serves coffee.
Mtobwe, n. (mi-}, a tree from
vhich a favourite kind of walking-
tick is made, white, and possessing
he quality of bending and keeping
any curve it is bent to, like lead.
(Cf. bakora,fmbo.}
Mtofaa, n. ('-), a fruit-tree, with
an apple-like fruit, tofaa (Jambosa
Malaccemis, Sac.), jamrack.
Mtoki, n. ( ), painful swelling
in the groin, usually accompanied by
fever.
Mtokoso, n. (mi-}, (i) act (con-
dition) of boiling ; (2) rice boiled
and dried, so sold in shops. (Cf.
chemka.}
Mtombo, n. (mi-}, and ? Mtembo,
(i) the heart or centre of the sprout-
ing shoot of a palm-tree, cocoanut or
other (cf. kilele, moyo}. (2) painful
cracks and sores caused by the buba
disease, esp. on the soles of the feet.
Mtomo, n. (mi-}, solidity (firm-
ness, strength, good workmanship)
in building (Str.). (Cf. tomea, and
syn. imara, uthabiti.}
Mtomoko, n. (mi-}, a fruit-tree of
the same class as the custard-apple
(nttopetope}.
Mtomondo, n. (mi-}, a fruit-tree
of the same class as the mtofaa,
a Baringtonia, bearing the fruit to-
mondo.
Mtondo, n. (mi-}, the third day
following, the series being leo, to-
day, kesho, to-morrow, kesho kuchwa,
the day after to-morrow, then
mtondo, the third day. The fourth
day is called mtondo goo, or kushinda
mtondo.
Mtondoo, n. (mi-}, a large tree,
MTONGOZI
255
MTU
bearing the fruit tondoo, with a seed
rich in oil, Calophyllmn Inophyl-
Mtongozi, n. (wa-}, one who tries
to attract (allure, seduce), e.g. by
words, signs, dress, &c., a seducer.
(Cf. tongoza, kitongo, utongozi.}
M tope tope, n. (mi-}, the small
tree which bears the custard -apple,
topctopc. Another variety is mtopt-
tofe-ntwitu.
Mtoria, n. (mi-}, a kind of Lan-
dolphia, producing india-rubber, and
an edible fruit (kitoria). (Cf.
mbungo.}
Mtoro, n. (wa-}, (i) a runaway
slave, a truant; (2) highwayman,
robber, bandit. (Cf. toroka.}
Mtoto. n. (wa-}, implies generally
what is (A) in an early stage of
development, or (B) in a subordinate
position, and includes the following
meanings. A. child, young per-
son, offspring) offshoot, descendant.
E. g. m. mwanaumc jnume, wa
kiume), male child, son, boy. M.
mwanamke (wakike, mkt], a female
child, daughter, girl. An mtoto re-
mains so till the age of about 7 \ cars,
or abr \-, next L-
a kijana (see Kijana). M. mchanga,
young child, a baby. I
offsprii animal is called
mtoto, e.g. m. wa ngombe, a calf;
m. wa kid; m. wa kuku,
a chicken. For offshoot of plants
fomba, the
shoots springing from the roots of
' is also used of
growths, e.g. mtoto wa
jicho, of a growth near the c
H. (i) dependant, sob.
ordinate, follower, servant, ward,
member of a household in r< :
its head. This sense is qi
sjxxtive of age. (a)
extended to inanimate objects of all
is of a sub-
onlinatc kind, bflt in this case it is
with plur. mitoto, e. g. m. wa tntta,
the drawer of a table ; m. wa kasha, a
shelf or inner compartment in a box ;
m. wa kiiasa, a ward of a lock ; ///. wa
mto, tributary of a river; ;;/. wa
parafujo, the worm (thread) of a
screw ; m. wa randa, the iron used to
stiffen the cutting-iron in a plane.
(Cf. kitoto, toto, kijana, and syn.
mwana.}
Mtoza, n. (wa-}, verbal of toa
(toza}, one who causes to pay, an
exactor, &c. Mtoza ushuru, a col-
lector of taxes.
Mtu, n. (wa-}, (i) a person, a
human being, an individual, one of
the human race, a man ; (2) a depen-
dant, servant, slave, follower, ad-
herent. E. g. tnlu mume (or mme),
a male, mtu ntke, a female, more
commonly mwanaunte, mwanamke.
Mtu wangu, one of my servants
(slaves). Mtu wa ttani / Who does
he belong to ? Mtu gani ? Of what
tribe is he? Si mtu, not a man, no
one. Hakuna mtu, there is no one,
nobody. Mlu and u<atit are used
to point a number of contrasts, each
illustrating the content of the idea.
Thus (i) mtu, si watu, one person,
not many persons, (a) //////, si ny-
ama, a human being, not a beast.
(3) mtu, si kitu, a living personality,
not a chattel. (4) mtu, a mere man,
a man as isolated and helpless.
Ximckmva tutu tu, of one conscious
of his own existence only, ignorant of
all his surroundings, ' I was a
nonentity.' (5) mtu, a man as pot-
sessed of int: rth, e.g. sisi
hatukuwa watu mbele yao, \
not count as men in their eyes. (6)
/:/. m an emphatic sense, a person
of rank. cc and considera-
tion, e.g. mtoto wa watu, a well-
born (well-connected) child, a child
;>le of position. (7) watu,
n general, the average man;
ntu kama watu, I am a com-
mon man. (8) watu, other jxrople,
a> distinct trum the self, esp. as to
ownership, e.g. kwenda kwti..
MTTTLINGA
236
MTTJNGO
la waiu, to go and steal other
people's cucumbers. Fetha hii ya
watu, this money is not mine. (9)
watu, public opinion, society. Watu
husema hivi, it is a common (popu-
lar, general) opinion. (10) mtu is
often used to denote the possession of
a certain attribute, or condition, e. g.
tukawa ivatH wa kufa tu, we were
as good as dead (entirely at the
mercy of an enemy, or mortally
wounded). Si mtu wa kwenda naye,
he is not a man to go with, a fit com-
panion. (Cf. utu, Mtu, jitu, ki-
jitUj and syn. mwana Adamu, bin
Adamu.}
Mtulinga, n. (mi-}, the collar-
bone, i. e. mfupa wa bega.
Mtumba, n. (mi-}, also Tumba,
(1) a bale, bag, or bundle, e. g. of
cloth or other goods, made up as
a load for a caravan-porter, and so
(2) in general, a load, a man's bur-
den. (Cf. tumba, tumbo, ? tumbi,
syn. mzigo, mfuko, robota.}
Mtumbuizi, n. (wa-}, one who
soothes (consoles, cheers) the pain or
sorrow of another, esp. by singing
(Cf. tumbuiza, and syn.fariji, tuliza.}
Mtumbwi, n. (mi-}, a native
canoe, made all in one piece of i
dug-out tree-trunk, often a hollowed
log of the mango tree, without out
riggers, but sometimes with a smal
mast and sail. (Cf. tumbua, tumbo
tumba, and for other kinds of boa
alawa, dau, mashua.}
Mturne, n. (wa-}, one who is em
ployed or sent, a messenger, an emis
sary. But in Z. especially of Ma
hornet, i. e. the Apostle, and also o
the chief characters of the Old Tes
tament, Moses, Job, and others
Tume is used in the more genera
sense. (Cf. tuma, tume, utume
tttumwa, and follg.)
Mtumishi, n. (wa-}, a paid ser
vant, hired domestic, house-servant,
not so general as tume, or so limitec
as mtumwa. (Cf. tuma, and prec
and syn. boi, mwandishi.}
Mtumwa, n. (wa-}, one who is
mployed or sent, but usually in the
)ecial sense a bond-servant, slave,
ne who is the property of another.
ontr. bwana, the master, owner of
aves, and mngwana, a freedman, or
ne who has never been a slave
ee Utumwa). E.g. mtumwa
twema nakawa hesabu yake nguo
nbili na bunduki moja, a stout, good-
ooking slave cost two lengths of
alico and a gun, i. e. an average
)rice in the interior in past years.
Mtumwa wa shamba, a plantation
iave, mostly engaged in cultivation.
tftumwa wa nyumbani, a domestic
[ave, employed in his master's house.
<^or various descriptions of slave
ee mbwana, kitwana, mjakazi, ki-
jakazi, surid, mzalia, mtoro, mjoli,
kijoli, teka, mjinga, mstaarabu.
Cf. tuma, tume, mtume, mtumishi
mtumwaji, utumwa.}
Mtumwaji, n. (wa-} y one who
s regularly employed, or sent, an
agent, a messenger, i.e. mtumwa,
without the limitation to slaves.
(Cf. tuma, and prec.)
Mtunduizi, n. (wa-}, a spy, a
scout. (Cf. tunduia, and syn.
mpelelezi.}
Mtungi, n. (mi-}, an earthen p
cher, the commonest kind of water-
ar in Z. of this baked earthenware,
mostly plain and made by hand in
the island, but also imported with
colour and ornamentation. Water-
jars of various shapes and kinds are
balasi, kasiki, kuzi,gudulia.
tunga, tungi, and follg. Also
:hombo}
Mtungo, n. (mi-}, a putting t<
gether, arranging in a row (and in
other senses of, tunga, v.), also of
things put together in a row.
esp. of fish, mtungo wa samaki,
or mtungo only, a string or stick
of fish, i. e. fish on a string or stick.
Mtungo mkubwa, & great lot (haul,
catch) of fish. (Cf. tunga, utungo,
also tanda, panga.}
MTUNGTJJA
257
MUKADISHA
Mtunguja, n. (wi-), name of a
shrub, a kind of Solanum, with an
edible fruit.
Mtupa, n. (nri-\ a kind of Eu-
phorbia, very poisonous. (Cf.
w/w/a.) Also verbal n. of ////a, one
who throws.
Mtutumo, n. (mi-\ a low distant
roll or rumbling sound, as of thunder,
an earthquake, waterfall, boiling
water, &c. (Cf. tutuma, and
perh. ttttnia?)
Mtwaa, n. (wa-\ one who takes,
or carries off. Ndiye mtivaa wain,
it is he who carries off people, i.e.
the angel of death. (Verbal of twaa.}
Mtwango, n. (mi-}, act (place, or
manner, &c.) of pounding with pes-
tle and mortar. Also the pounding
instrument, a wooden pestle, usually
me hi. (Cf. twanga.)
Mtweto, n. (mi-), panting, gasp-
ing. (Cf. tweta.}
Mu-, (i) is a prefix appearing in a
few demonstrative adverbs, humu,
mumu, mumo, mle (for mule), with
the meaning ' in here, in there,' and
corresponds generally to ku in simi-
lar uses. (See Ku, 3. (2).) It is
more common in the relative form
mo, which is also a demonstrative of
reference or relative distance. (See
Mo, and -o.) It is also identical
with m in forms like mna, mnamo,
there is (in there) (see M-), i.e.
a demonstrative ph r.-il refer-
ence with the special idea of interior-
ity, or being inside. (a) is used in
some cases for the noun-pfx. m
(which see), especially before a u
following, as Muungn
or before another m in mume, though
the change represents no important
cc of sound. Some foreign
inhabitants of Zanzibar, however,
e.g. the Goanese, regularly pro*
nounce the m-pfx. as mu, e. g. mutu,
v, mti. (3) appears at
mwa, as kw for ku in ktoa.
See -a.
Mua, n. (i) (ffriwa), sugar-cane,
better muwa( which see); (i)(waua),
verbal form from ita, v., one who
kills, better mwua (which see), or
muua.
Muaa, n. (miaa, rniyaa). See
Mwaa.
*Muda, n. (no plur. used), space
of time, period, set term, fixed inter-
val. M, wa, for the space of, during.
M. kitambo, a short time. Af.
mzima, a considerable time, full
time.. Baniani antempa mttda mi-
ezi mitatu amlipe, the Bankin gave
him a term of three months for. pay-
ment. (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn.
muhulla, wakati, majira, nafasi.}
*Mudu, v. stretch, extend. Sel-
dom except in Rf. form jimudu,
stretch oneself, move one's limbs,
as a sick person recovering or for
relief. (Ar. Cf. mttda, of time,
and syn . ji- nyosha. )
*Muhashamu, a. a complimentary
title in the Arabic fashion of begin-
ning a letter, honoured. (Ar. Cf.
heshimu, heshima, and see Dibaji.)
*Muhebbi, n. and a., also Mu-
hebu, Mohebb, beloved friend,
dear, affectionate, used like Muha-
shamu. (Ar. (Zf.habba, and pre_.)
Muhindi, n. (i) (Wahindi), a
native of India, but in /. especially
a Mahommedan from East India (as
distinct from the non-Mahommedan
Hindoos called Banians) ; (a) (wi-),
Indian corn plant. See Mhi
Muhogo, n. (mihogo), the cassava
plant. Sec Mhogo.
*Muhtaaari, n. ( ), abridgement,
abstract, summary, list of 00
precis. (A
Muhulla, n. ( ), space of time,
val. (Ar. Cf. syn.
Muhuri. n. ( ), seal, signet,
crest, armor. ,. Tia *.,
seal, set seal to, confirm,
Mui, n. better xnuwi, miwi (which
see).
Mukadiaha, Mukdesha, n. a town
on the Somali coast, north of Zanzi
MULIKA
258
MFUNGU
bar, formerly (with Barawa, Merka,
Warsheikh} under the Sultan, now
in the Italian sphere.
Mulika, v. shine, gleam, throw
(make, show) a light. Akumulikaye
tnchana, hukunguza usiku,\v\io lights
you by day, sets fire to you by night.
Ap. mulik-ia, -iwa, bring a light for,
make a light with, help with a light.
E. g. nimulikie chini, light me down-
stairs. Cs. mulik-isha, -ishwa.
(Cf. kimulimuli.}
Mume,n. (waume),foT mtu mume,
mwanaume, a male, a man. Used
alone mume means distinctively
husband, in contrast with mw ana-
time. (See -ume, and cf. mkel)
*Mumiani, n. (ma-*), a mummy,
(used in native medicine, &c .) . ( Ar. )
Mumo, adv. demonstr. of reference,
also mumo humo. See Mumu.
Mumu, adv. demonstr., usually
with humu, i.e. mumu hwnii, just
inside this very place (in these circum-
stances), just in here. (See Mu, and
cf. mumo, and adv. kuku, papal)
Mumunya, v. also Mung'unya,
and Munya, break in small pieces,
esp. in the mouth, i. e. mumble,
munch, prepare for swallowing, e. g.
like a toothless person or donkey.
Nt. mumunyika, (i) be broken up,
munched, crumble away; (2) be
friable, easily crumbled or triturated,
e. g. like bad mortar.
Mumunye, n. (ma-}, a kind of
gourd resembling a vegetable marrow,
used as a vegetable. The rind when
hard and dry is used as a vessel to
hold fluids, like the boga, bttyu.
The plant is mmumunye.
Munda, n. (niiundd] (i) a bar
poon, for spearing large fish, i. e.
wa kuchomea samaki kubwa. Also
(2) a piece of planking, used in
wooden construction. (Cf. undo.)
Mundu, n. (miundu), a sickle,
billhook, chopper.
Mungu, n. (miungu). See
Muungu.
Mung'unya, Munya, Munya-
munya, v., same meaning as mu-
munya (which see).
Munyi, n. a variant of niwenyi,
used in the sing, as a title, chief.
See Mwenyi.
Munyu, n. (no plur.), salt, in-
crustation. (Cf. chunyu, chuwvi,
nyunyo^)
Muo, n. (Mff*),(l) a great killing,
a slaughter, a massacre (cf. ua, v.).
Also (2) a wooden stake used to dig up
stones &c. with, or as a lever, often
with an iron point. (Cf. mtaimbo,
mchokoo.')
Muomo, Mwomo, n. (niiomo),
variants of mdomo, lip, which is usual
in Z. Ndevu za muomo, or only
muomo, moustache. (Cf. mdomo,
omo,'}
*Musimu, n. (no plur.), northerly
wind, time of the north monsoon at
Z., i. e. Dec. to Feb., but extended
sometimes to the whole season from
and to the period of southerly winds,
i.e. from October to May. (Ar.
For other seasons cf. masika, and
mwaka.}
Muu-. See words under Mwu-.
Muuaji, Muuguzi, n. See Mwu-
aji, Mwuguzi.
Muumba, n. (waumbd), one who
creates, makes, fashions, esp. as a
title of God in Z., the Creator of the
world, i. e. Muumba yote. (Cf.
umba, kiumbe, and syn. Ar. hu/uu.}
Muumishi, n. (waumishi)^ a pro-
fessional cupper. (Cf. umikt.)
Muundi, n. (miundi). Muundi
wa tnguu, the shin, shin bone, be-
tween knee and ankle.
Muungo, n. (miungo], a fastening,
thing which fastens, esp. a tie, tie-
beam, in wooden construction. (Cf.
unga, kiungo)
Muungu, n. (iniungu the sing,
being treated as D i , the plur. as D 2).
Also may be written Mwungu,
Mungu, Mngu, (i) God, a god; (2)
providence, luck, accident, used to
describe anything unaccountable or
unexpected. Words commonly con-
MTJWA
259
MVULE
nected with Muungu are, Mwenyezi
<:yi enzi Muungu,
Almighty God. Omba M., pray to
God, also omba kwa M. , ombea being
usually ' pray for, intercede.' Shukuru
Jf. . be resigned, accept the inevitable,
submit, seldom of felt or active
gratitude. Shiriki Muungu t be
wholly given to God, the strongest
expression for a religious life (cf.
shiriki) t and when pressed to its
extreme, i. e. union or sharing the
nature, repudiated by Mahomme-
dans, as impious and inconceivable
(cf. shiba M. ^ . Kumbuka M., medi-
tate on God. Ngoja M., trust in Pro-
vidence. Muungu akijalic.
willing, for the common Ar. inshal-
lah. Muungu akuweke, may God
provide for you (bless you), is often
used by the lower classes, also M.
akubariki. Mbaraka wa M., God's
blessing. Maskini wa Muungu, a
destitute person, esp. of a poor freed-
'leprived by freedom of all
claim to human (i. e. his master's)
protection and support. {Muungu
in various forms, Mulungu, Muluku,
Sec., occurs in most Bantu dialects on
or near the East Coast. Swahilis
sometimes use Mo/a, but seldom Allah,
as an equivalent. The ideas c
are vague, but in Z. principally Ma-
hommcdan, whence perhaps the
anomalous plur. (of the inferior mi-
class), to avoid encroachment
unity of the Godhead. Cf. Allah,
Afola, A c;/'/'/. and various titles of God.
angu, and ttmuungu.}
Muwa, n. (rniwa), al>o Mua, the
sugar-cane. Less cultivated in Z.
i here are still a few
roducing treacle and a coarse
brown sugar (sukari guru).
Muzimu, n. See Miixnu.
Mvi, n. (no plur., sing, is treated
;i> 1 ' 4 and also D 6), gr<
>1 man.
So ndcvu ta mvi t grey bear
wele ta . nweufx
or nycufc. (Cf. unyclc.}
Mviko, n. (nti-\ act (style, &c.)
of dressing, clothing, a garment,
dress. (Cf. vika, and syn. uvao,
vazi, nguo.')
Mvinje, n. (mi~), the cassiorina
tree, a kind of fir growing freely on
rocky ground near the seashore in Z.
*Mvinyo, n. (no plur., sing, is
treated as D 4 and also D 6), wine,
spirits, esp. the latter in Z. (Portu-
guese. Cf. dtvai, tembo, pombe^)
Mviringo, n. (mi-}, roundness, a
round shape, anything round, a circle,
a curve, a ring, a washer. (Cf.
viringa, fingirisha, and syn. duara,
duru, rnduara, mzingo, pete?)
Mvita, n. the Swahili. name for
the town and island of Mombasa.
Also for Aimvita, an inhabitant of
Mombasa.
Mvua, n. (i) ( ), rain.
nyingi (kubwa), heavy rain. Mvua
ya niwaka, a slight rainfall usually
in August. Alikwenda na mi-ua
yake, he went in the rain. Also (2)
(w/a-), verbal of vua, in all its senses,
mvua samaki, a man fishing, mvua
nguo, &c. (For the rainy seasons
in Z. cf. masika, and mvule, and for
light rain manyunyo.)
Mvuje, n. a fetid gum, asafoetida.
Mvuke, n. (mi-), vapour produced
by heat, steam, perspiration. (Cf.
rukiza, and follg. Also syn. moshi,
hari,jasfio.)
Mvukutp, n. (mi-) f bellows, as
used by native smiths, i.e. two leather
bags alternately inflated and deflated
by hand. (Cf. mfua (mi-) and
prec.)
Mvulana, n. (u-a-), a young un-
married man, a bachelor. (Cf.
uvulana, and syn. kijana.)
Mvulo, n. also Mvuli, and Vuli,
the lesser rains, the short rainy season,
i.e. November in Z., when the north
wind begins to set in. i "1. masika
and follg., and for the seasons mwaJta.
l'crl>. conn, with uvuli, sha
clouds after clear weather,
mvua.}
s a
MVTJLI
260
MWAKA
Mvuli, n. (mi-), a shady place,
shade of a tree, &c. (Cf. kivuli,
a patch of shade, a shadow, &c., and
nvuli, shade in general, gloom, dark-
ness.)
Mvuma, n. (wa-) and Mvumi,
verbal of viima, one who mutters,
hums, &c. ' See Vuma and follg.
Mvuma titi, name of a bird.
Mvumo, n. (mi-), (i) a rumbling,
mattering sound ; (2) a report, ru-
mour (see TJvumi) ; (3) a rubber (in
cards, Str.) ; (4) the Borassus palm,
not common in Z. island. (Cf.
vttma, and for palms mnazi.)
Mvunaji, n. See Mvuni.
Mvungu, n. (mi-), a hollowed-out
place, a hollow, hole, empty space,
cavity, e.g. a hole in a tree, the
space under a bedstead, i.e. mvungu
wa kitanda. Mtaka cha mvunguni
huinama, he who wants what is
under a bed must stoop for it. (Cf.
uvungu!)
Mvuni, n. (wa-) and Mvunaji,
one who gathers in a crop, a reaper,
&c. (Cf. vuna.)
M vunja, n. (wa-), verbal of vunja
(which see), one who breaks, de-
stroys, &c.
Mvunjo, n. (mi-), act (time,
manner, &c.) of breaking. (See
Vunja and prec., also kivunjo,
uvunjo.)
Mvuo, n. (mi-) , act (time, manner,
place, &c.) of fishing, fishing ground
catch of fish. Also in other senses
of vua (which see).
Mvurugo, n. ("-) (1) messing,
muddling, mixing up, mixture, and
so (2) of unripe fruit in a squashy,
messy condition, squash, jam.
(Cf. vuruga.)
Mvushi, n. (wa-), (i) a ferryman,
(a) a preserver. See Vuka.
Mvuto, n. (mi-), act (manner, &c."
of drawing. Also in other senses o:
vuta (which see), pulling, influence
persuasion, perversion, &c. Mvuto
wa maji (wa upepo), current of wate
(air). (Cf. mkondo.)
Mvuvi, n. (wa-), a professional
sherman. Proverbially quarrelsome
>ver their fish, and so nyumba ya
wavuvi, a noisy, quarrelsome house-
old. (Cf. vua, mvuo.)
Mw-, as a pfx. See Mu, and M.
Mwa, prep, form agreeing with
he locative form of nouns in -ni,
f (i.e. mu-a, see Mu, -a), e.g.
nyumbani mwa Mzungu, in the house *
if the European.
Mwaa, n. also Muaa, Mnyaa,
Myaa, with the plur. miwaa, also mi-
<aa, miaa,(i) the Hyphaene, or Dwarf,
3alm, also commonly known as mko-
che and mkoma, furnishing the leaves,
yhich are generally used as material
: or mats, bags, baskets, coarse cord,
and string, (2) a leaf-blade of this
palm. The blade is divided into
wo parts, chane, and each part slit
nto three, the central piece being
the finest material for plaiting, the
outsides for coarser kinds. (Cf.
ung'ong'o, utangule, ukindu, ukili,
charia, suka.)
K Mwafa, n. (miafa), anything
causing fear, danger, a terror, horror,
bugbear, enemy. (Ar. Cf. hofu,
a/a, and syn. kioja, kitisho.}
*Mwafaka, n. (miafaka), agree-
ment, bargain, conspiracy, plot.
(Ar. Cf. a/Mi, and syn. mapatano.)
Mwafu, n. (miafu), wild jasmine.
(Cf. afu, yasmini)
Mwaga, v. pour out, pour away,
spill, waste, empty out. Ps. mwag-
wa. Nt. mwagika. Hence mwagik-
ia, -iwa. Maji yaliyotnwagika
hayazoeleki, spilt water cannot be
picked up. Ap. mwag-ia, -iwa,
pour out on (for, &c.). (Cf. mi-
mina.)
Mwaka, n. (miaka), a year. Two
ways of reckoning years are in use in
Z., (i) the lunar year of twelve lunar
months, Ramathan being counted
as the first month, and about 355
days. This is the Arab official and
religious year, and beginning ten
days earlier each year has no corre-
MWAKE
261
MWAMBI
spondence with the seasons, (2) the
solar year, with 365 days, the first
day of the year being called siku ya
nrwaka, and kept as a popular festival,
the last kigitnzi, and the days being
reckoned by decades (miongo). It
is of Persian origin, and used for
nautical and agricultural purposes.
Mwaka wa jana, last year. Mu<.
wa /-/, the year before last. Mw.
wa kesho (or ujao), next year. Ahua-
ka ku>a mwaka, killa mtvaka^ year
by year, annually. Mwakani, in a
year's time, but often indefinitely,
some day or other, sooner or later.
Mviia ya mwaka, light rains which
fall usually in August, between the
two rainy seasons. The seasons in
Zanzibar are regular and well defined.
The island lying about 7 south of
the equator, the sun is overhead
about October 21 and February 21.
These dates are followed by periods
of calm, light variable winds, and
rains, the greater rains called nia-
sika, chiefly in April, the lesser rains
mvuli in November. When the sun
is in the south, the north wind blows,
and the heat is greatest, i.e. in De-
cember, January, and February. This
is called kaskazi, or musimu. When
the sun is in the north, the south
wind blows, and the heat is i
from June to October. This is called
kusi, and includes the kipupwc or
cool period in June and July, follow-
ing the heavy rains, and the dcmani
in September and October
times of calms and light winds are
called malelczi, or tanga mbi.
meter in the shade in Zanzibar
seldom above 85 or below
75 nigh* or day. For oth
sions of time see Mwezi and Siku.
(Perh. cf. wata, and cha-
hot season, the latter seldom heard
Mwake, Mwako, a. forms of -a&,
uns in
g. nyU"
mbam his house.
Mwako, n. (niiivako], blaze, flame,
blazing, burning. Mwako wa moto
(///a), blaze of a fire (the sun).
(Cf. waka)
*Mwalamu,n. (tnt'alamu^a. stripe,
band, line of colour, esp. in a dress-
material. (Cf. m/t'a, utepc.)
Mwali, n. (i) (miwali) t a. Raphia
palm, not common in Zanzibar
island. The mid-rib of the leaves is
very long (20 feet to 30 feet), strong
and light, and is much used for
doors (see Mlango), ladders, and
other purposes, (a) (wali, for iva-
ali), a maiden, a virgin ; usually
with mwana, i. e. mwana rnivali,
plur. ivaana wali. (Cf. bikira.}
*Mwali, n. (nya/i), flame, tongue
of fire. (Arab. Cf. ulimi ivci
moto.}
Mwaliko, n. (mta/-), (i) a crack-
ing sound, click, clap. (2) an invi-
tation, summons, call. (Cf. alika,
and ntivito!)
*Mwalimu, n. a learned man, a
teacher, a schoolmaster, esp. the
Mahommedan official teacher at-
tached to a mosque. (Ar. Cf.
etimu, alama, nitaalamn^}
Mwalishi, n. (waal-}, one who
calls, summons, invites, e.g. to a
feast, wedding, &c. (Cf.
Mwamba, n. (miamba) ,(\) a rock,
a mass of rock, a very largr
a reef. (2) in building, a rit:
or wall-plate, i.e. a transverv
resting on the top of poles !
la or roof of a native house.
(Dim. kijamba.)
Mwambao. n. (miambao\ (i) a
passing near to, grazing past, not
;, missing contact with; (2)
passing along a shore (in n
(3) coast-line, coast, edge of :
Safari ya tnwambao, a coasting
voyage. Safiri (vuta) mwambao^
make a coasting voyage. (Cf.
Mwambi, n. (tfaaiw^O, one who
speaks against another, a slanderer,
MWAMU
262
MWANGA
(Cf.
a critic, a tale-bearer, a gossip.
amba.}
Mwamu, n. (waamu\ brother-in-
law, sister-in-law. (Cf. ivifi.}
Mwamua, Mwamuzi, n. (tvaam.)
a judge, arbitrator, umpire, mediator.
(Cf. amtta, maamuzi, and syn. kathi,
which marks office rather than func-
tion, and hakimu!)
Mwana, n. (waana, wana\ (i)
specifically, child, son, daughter,
dependent, of relationship as such,
without reference to age (cf. mtoto,
which often connotes age). Huyu ni
mwanangti, this is my child. Akaoa
akazaa mwana, he married and
begot a son. Mwana (wa} Adamu,
a child (or descendant) of Adam, a
human being, one of the human race.
Mwana mwali, a maid, a virgin.
(2) in general, without reference to
relationship, a person, one of a class.
E.g. Mwana mume (mke), a man
(woman). Mwana maji, a sailor.
Mwanafunzi, an apprentice, disciple,
Mwana sheria, a lawyer. Mwana
vyuo, a scholar. Wanakuwa waana
wazima, they are becoming grown-up
people (adults). Marra nikaona
waana wanakuja, presently I saw
people coming. Sometimes with
mtoto, e. g. akakaa hattamwana mtoto
asipate, he lived on but did not get
a child. Mwana has also various
special senses, e.g. (a) lady of the
house, mistress, and in addressing
such a one, madam, like bibi, bibi
mkubwa. Younger ladies of the
house are called wa kina mwana, or
mamwana. (<5) used in polite re-
ference or address to one's own mo-
ther, madam, (c) a recess in a
grave, closed by the kiunza, is caller
mwana wa ndani (cf. use of mtoto, o
appendages of various kinds). (Cf
jana n., kijana, and the same roo
ana is perh. seen in bwana, mtwana
for mtu mwana, msijana, mvulana.}
Mwanamizi,n. (waan.}, a kind o
crab, a hermit crab.
Mwandamano, n. (miand.}, a fol
owing, procession, retinue. (Cf.
andama, and follg.)
Mwandamizi, n. (ivaand.}, (i)
i follower, an attendant ; (2) a suc-
:essor, one who comes next after.
Cf. follg.)
Mwandamo,n.(#<zdT.), act (time,
manner, &c.) of following, a coming
after, a procession. Mwandamo wa
mwezi, the following of the moon,
the beginning of a month, also
mwezi mwandama, the moon suc-
ceeding or following, i. e. the new
moon. (Cf. andama, and piec.)
Mwandani, n. (waand.}, com-
Danion, associate, friend. (Perh. for
mwandamani. Cf. andama, and
prec., also syn. mwenzi, rafiki.)
Mwandazi, n. (waand.), one who
prepares food, cook, confectioner,
pastry cook. (Cf. andaa, maanda-
si, and mpishi.}
Mwandikaji, n. (waand.\ also
Mwandiki, (i) one who arranges,
serves, waits at table, a waiter, a
server ; (2) a writer, copyist, amanu-
ensis, clerk. (Cf. andika, mwa-
ndishi, and follg. Also karani.}
Mwandiko, n. (miand.}, (i) act
(style, &c.) of writing, handwriting,
(2) what is written, manuscript, also
what is printed, a writing, a book ;
(3) arrangement, careful treatment,
manipulation, e.g. of a doctor. (Cf.
andika, andiko (ma-), and prec.)
Mwandishi, n. (waand!), (i) one
who serves (waits at table), waiter,
house-servant (cf. mtumishi, boi) ; (2)
a writer, clerk, secretary, amanuensis
(cf. karant). (Cf. andika, and prec.)
Mwanga, n. (tnianga), (i) a light,
shining, that which gives light, e.g.
mwango wa jna (taa, moto), the
light of the sun (lamp, fire); (2)
fig. (wa-}, a very wise, enlightened
person; and esp. (3) a wizard, sor-
cerer, supposed to go about at night,
sometimes in the form of a rat, and
frighten people ; (4) name of a kind
of rice. See Mchele. (Cf. anga t
and follg.)
MWANGAFU
263
MWARIDI
Mwangafu, n. (waang.'} , a clever,
enlightened, intellectual,bright-witted
person. (Cf. anga, -angafu, ua-
ngafu, and prec.)
Mwangalizi, n. (waang.\ an over-
seer, manager, superintendent, direc-
tor, administrator. (Cf. angalia,
and syn. msimamizi.}
Mwangamizi, n. (waang.}, one
who ruins, a destroyer. (Cf. anga-
tnia, maangami
Mwangaza,n. (miang.), that which
makes light, or enlightens, and so
(i) light, brightness, clearness, radi-
ance, daylight. Mw. wa alfajiri,
the first streaks of dawn, twilight.
Wtupe na rnw., brightness and light.
Mwangazani, in broad daylight, in
full view, (a) a hole admitting light
and air, as in stone houses in Z., an
aperture, small window, loophole.
Akaona tundu dogo t aona mwangata
mbali sana, and he saw a little hole,
a light-hole a long way off. (3) fig.
enlightenment, lucidity, shrewdness,
prudence. (4) publicity, making
known, showing, advertising, touting.
Jambo hili ni katika mwangaza, this
matter is open to all, public property.
A'ifan\ <iza, nikione kitti
hiki, give me a chance of seeing, that
I may examine the article. Miangaza
much showing off (of goods).
(5) way of escape, way out of a diffi-
culty, a solution, a bright idea, a ruse,
ingaza (as from uang.} mbili,
humponya, twofold chance of
escape, one saves him. (Cf. anga,
and follg.)
Mwangasi, n. (waang.), a clever,
shrewd, clear-headed, well-informed
piTs-.n. (Cf. anga, mwangafu,
mwanga, and prec.)
M wan go, n. (miango), (i) a frame
hung against a wall to carry a native
lamp, and so, lamp-stand, 1. imp-
holder, lamp-suspender (cf. anga,
mwanga}; (2) for M tango, door
b see).
Mwangu, n. form of -attgtt agree-
ing with a locati g. sha-
mbani mwangu, in my estate. See
Mu- and -angu.
Mwanguzi, Mwangushi, n. (wa-
ang.\ one who throws down, or causes
to fall, one who overthrows (destroys,
&c.). Miv. wa nazi, a professional
cocoanut picker, also mfauazi, who
charges one (or two) pice per tree.
(Cf. angua.)
Mwangwi, n. (miangwi), an echo.
(Perh. cf. mwanga, wizard, mysterious
person.)
*Mwani, n. (miani), (i) seaweed
(in general) ; (2) an eye-glass. See
Miwani. (Ar.)
Mwanya, n. (mianya), a gap,
breach, hole, notch, narrow pass,
small opening, cleft, crevice. Mw.
wa mguu, a cloven foot. .'-.'
udevu, a forked bear.d. Mlima wenyi
mzvanya, a hill with a cleft, a double-
peaked hill. (Cf. pengo, ufa.)
Mwanzi, n. (wianzi), a bamboo.
Hence of other kinds of reed and
cane, and things resembling them in
appearance or use, e.g. a pipe or tube
of any kind, an ear-trumpet, a musLnl
pipe, flageolet, flute, telescope, a stick
used for hanging things on. ."
wa pua, the nostril. Kalamu ya
mu<an:i, a reed pen.
Mwanzo, n. (mianzo), (i) act
(time, method, &c.) of beginning, a
start, commencement, first stage; (a)
origin, primary principle. (Cf.
anza, chanzo, and syn. Ar. as Hi.}
Mwao, n. (miao), (i) a piece of
wood used as a rapp<
strut (cf. walio}. Also (a) trouble,
effort, both
Mwao, a.
with a locm nijini
mwao, in their tr
* M warabu , n . ( Jfrt<mj/>\an Arab.
One from the south con-
known as Mshchtri, from the n<
the Persian Gall", ws/icmali. (Ar. Cf.
'Mwdridi, n. i ' .1 rose-
(A i.
/</!.
MWASHI
264
MWENYEJI
Mwashi, n. (waashi), a mason,
one who builds with stones and mor-
tar. (Cf. akiij uas/ri, and contr.
Mwashiri, n. (miash.}, one of the
longitudinal timbers which support
the mast (mlingote] in a native vessel.
See Mlingote, and Chombo.
*Mwathini, n. (waath.}, one who
calls Mahommedans to'prayer at the
mosque at the regular hours, a muez-
zin. (Ar. Cf. athini, athana.}
Mwavuli, n. (niiavuli),- an um-
brella, sunshade. (Cf. mvuli, uvuli,
kivuli, and tapa.}
*Mwawazi, n. (ivaawazi], disposer
of events, a title of God. (Ar.
Cf. awaza^]
Mwayo, n. (tniayd], a yawn. Piga
mwayo, enda mwayo, yawn.
Mwaza, Mwazi, n. (wawaza], one
who thinks (supposes, fancies, &c.).
See Waza. (Dist. wazi, a.)
*Mwazimo, n. (miaz.\ a borrow-
ing, a lending, accommodation, ad-
vance, loan. (Cf. azima, v.)
Mweko, n. (miweko), a putting
aside (off, down, away, &c.). See
Weka, also Mwiko.
*Mwele, n.' (i) (waele), a sick
person, a bedridden patient, an in-
valid, a cripple. (Ar. Cf. uwele,
and syn. mgonjwa.} (2) (niiele\
the plant bearing mawele or ttwele,
i.e. a kind of millet with an ear of
very small edible seed (cf. mawele}.
Mweleko, n. (mielekd), used of a
leather sling for a gun. (Dist.
mbeleko, tibeleko.}
Mwelewa, n. (wael.*), one who
understands, who is intelligent, takes
a thing in. (Cf. elea, and follg.,
and perh. mwerevu, i. e. miuelefu, and
syn. mtambuzi, mwangafu, &c.)
Mwelezo, n. (miel.'}, explanation,
sign, indication, exposition, pro-
gramme. (Cf. elea, and elezo, and
prec. Also syn. mafafanusi.}
Mwembe, n. (niiembe\ a mango
tree, bearing the fruit embe. Man-
goes and cocoanuts are the com
monest trees in Z. Canoes are made
"romthe hollowed trunk of the mango.
(See Embe, and dist. iiembe, a razor.)
Mwenda, n. (waenda), verbal of
enda (which see), one who goes.
Nyati ni tmvenda pekee, the (Indian)
buffalo is a solitary beast. Mwenda
nguu, one who despairs. (Cf.
iguu.} See Enda.
Mwendeleo, n. (niiend.\ progress,
advance, movement. (Cf. enda,
and mwendo?)
Mwendelezi, n. (waend.), one who
causes to go on, one who carries
on or forward, and so in various
senses of endeleza (see Enda).
E. g. (i) a persistent, persevering,
progressive person; (2) one who
copies, one who spells words.
Mwendo, n. (niiendo), a going,
moving, motion, proceeding, pro-
gress, way (manner, style) of going,
gait, behaviour, course, &c. E. g.
mwendo wa siku tatu, a three days'
journey. Vunja mwendo, prevent
progress. Mwendo wajua, the sun's
course, orbit. (Cf. enda, mwe~
nendo, and mwendeleo.}
Mwenea, n. (ivaenea), one who
spreads out (pervades, extends), esp.
as a title of God, as omnipresent/i. e,
mweneapote. (Cf. enea, mwenezi.}
Mwenendo, n. (mien-}, going on,
moving, &c., like mwendo, but often
fig. proceedings, behaviour, conduct.
(Cf. enda, enenda.}
Mwenenzi,n.(w<?w-), (i) one who
measures (surveys, compares, &c.)
(cf. enenza) ; (2) one who goes,
a traveller. (Cf. enenda.}
Mweneza, n. (waen-}, one who
allots (distributes, gives out), esp. as
a title of God, the Giver of good
to all. (Cf. enea, eneza.}
Mwenge, n. (mienge), a torch,
a fire-brand, a wisp of straw or grass
for carrying fire or a light.
Mwenyeji, n. (wenyeji\ lit. the
regular possessor (cf. -enyi, and the
formative -/*'). Hence (i) master of
a house, householder, owner, occu-
MWENYEWE
265
MWEZI
pant, citizen, inhabitant of a town,
of a place); (2) host, in re-
lation to guests (wageni), e. g. ku-
tumwe mwenyeji ivetu aende kwa
jumbe, let our host be sent to go
to the chief.
Mwenyewe, n. (wenyewe). See
-enyewe. Sometimes used as
;//', or mwenyi, e. g. yule
simba ndiye mwcnyewe (perh. for
mwenyi wake) asali, that lion is the
owner of the honey.
Mwenyezi, n. i.e. mwen\
usually a title of God, the Possessor
of might, the Almighty, i. e. mweza
yole. The commonest Swahili term
in speaking of God is Mwenyezi
(Cf. -enyi.)
Mwenyi, n. \wenyf), one who
possesses, an owner, an indepen-
dent person. See -enyi. Not
commonly used as a noun, ex-
cept as a title, whether complimen-
tary or official, and then sometimes
/. and rnunyi. On the main-
land mwenyi mkuu and n;~ct'nvi
mkitinva sometimes denote the second
and third official under a chief, the
first being shehe or waziri. Some-
limes also a term of respectful refer-
ence or address, 'sir,' like bwana.
Mwenzi, n. (wenzi), (i) a friend.
companion, associate, acquaintance ;
(a) of things as well as persons,
fellow, counterpart, match, double,
something resembling or correspond-
ing to anoth ^ikuna, msiba
>-f. no disaster but
has another lik (Cf. enta,
ft causal form of enda, i. e. cause
to go. accompany, share the actions
of, and syn. ro/fX-*.)
Mwetu, a. form of -etu, agreeing
with !
mjini mwctu, in our town.
Mwewe, , a bird of
prey, a kind of kite or hawk, *
-ens, &c.
Mweza, n. (wawaa), verbal of
wt*a, one who is able, possessed
cr over (or, to do), a ruler.
inchi, the ruler of a country.
Mweza mivcnycwe, his own master,
an independent power. Mw eza yote,
supreme over all things, Almighty,
a title of God, also mweza kwetu,
ruler of our world. (Cf. mu\
Mwezekaji, n. (waez-}, a pro-
fessional thatcher of houses. (Cf.
eztka, and follg.)
Mwezeko, n. ('-), act (opera-
tion, style) of roofing a native house,
thatching (with grass, &c.). (Cf.
e:t'a, and prec.)
Mwezi, n. (miezt), (i) the moon ;
(j) a month, i. e. a lunar month ;
(3) menses (also tfawtt, and hethi,
which see). (i) Mwezi mkubwa
(mpevu, kamili, duara, u<a m; ;
full moon. Mwezi mdogo (nu
mfya, mwandama), new moon.
Mwanga (rnwangaza)
moonshine, also mbaam
wapasua wingu, wachimbuka, waleta
anga, the moon pierces the cloud, it
bursts forth, it sheds light, (a) Each
month begins when the new moon is
first seen, or after 30 days from the
last new moon. J/ .uJatno,
>:mo wa mwezi, new moon,
the beginning of the month. M.
tnpitngufu, a month of 29 days.
M. kamili, a full month of 30 days.
The month beginning when K^ima-
thani ends is considered the first
month, and called Mfun^iio most,
i. e. the first i.
next are called (Mfungud) pili (or
wa /i/O. tatu (wa tatu], &c. to
kenda (wa kendo), the nint!i
the remaining three h.-i\
imes Rajabu, Shoal
Mlisho . mwezi wa
Mfungo). The other Aral-
are used in letters, and in giving
dates, but are not commonly known.
The month is divided variou
(i) weeks, or quarters, i.e. four sets
of seven days, junta (ma-).
..<mth is four
weeks. ecks arc reckoned
independently of the months, the
MWIA
week and the month not necessarily
beginning together. (a) decades,
kumi (ma-~) or mwongo (miongo),
i. e. three sets of ten days, called
kumi la kwanza, la kati, and la
kwis/ta,. the days in each being
counted as mwezi most, the first day
of the month, mwezi pili, the second
day, and so on, also mwezi wa
most, iva pili, &c. Occasionally
mwezi mmoja is used, e.g. killa
mwezi mmoja ukiandama, on each
succeeding first of the month. M-
wezi ngapi, or siku ya mwezi ngapi
(orwa ngapi} ? Whatday ofthemonth
is it? (3) halves, the full moon
being the middle point, the first half
being called mwezi nje, or mwanga
mkubwa, the second mwezi ndani
(mchimbu] or giza. (4) in letters,
documents, agreements, &c. the days
are usually reckoned straight on from
one to thirty, and are commonly
designated by the number only, e. g.
ishirini Shaabani, the 2oth of
Shaabani, most Ramathani, the first
of Ramathani. See also Mwaka,
Siku, Tarihi.
Mwia, n. (wawia), a creditor, one
who demands payment of a debt,
a dun. (Cf. wa, v., wta, and
mdeni, mkopeshi.}
Mwiba, n. (miiba), (i) any small
sharp-pointed thing, e.g. a thorn,
prickle, spur, sting, fish-bone, spine,
sharp splinter, nail, defined by con-
text or qualifying word, as mwiba
wa nyuki, a bee's sting, mw. wa
samaki, wa nge, &c. (2) verbal of
iba, one who steals (cf. follg.)
Mwibaji, n. (waibaji}, a thievish
person, a regular thief. (Cf. iba,
mwivi, and prec.)
Mwiga, Mwigaji, n. (waiga,
&c.), one who imitates (or, copies),
but commonly, a mocker, mimic,
caricaturist. (Cf. iga, and follg.)
Mwigo, n. (miigo), (i) imitation,
copying ; (2) mimicry, mockery,
counterfeit, forgery, caricature (cf.
jga, and prec.) ; (3) (waigo), a large
266 MWINDA
:ind of pigeon or dove. (Cf.
Mwiko, n. (nriiko}, (i) a spoon,
or instrument resembling it, e. g.
a mason's trowel (cf. mkamshe,
upawa, and kijikd] ; (2) something
put aside, esp. food left over from a
meal, put away from evening to
morning, &c., i.e. chakula cha mwiko.
Also (3) something deliberately ab-
stained from, by order of a doctor, or
considerations of health, &c. M. wa
nyama, abstention from meat. M.
wa vileo, teetotalism. Shika m.,
live by rule, diet oneself. Mshike
miiko, msionane na wake wenu,
keep the rules, and do not be seen by
your wives. (Perh. cf. weka, at
least for (2), and for the change of
consonant cf. tweka, twika.^
Mwlli, n. (niiili}, a body, human
or animal, and usually a living body,
a whole body, including head and
limbs. Also the trunk of the body,
without the head. (Cf. kiwiliwili,
esp. of the trunk only, without head
or limbs, and maiti,pinda, of dead
bodies. Obs. m-wili'vz a possible form
of -wili, twofold, double, two, and so
perh. of the body as characterized by
pairs of limbs and symmetrical sides.)
Mwima, n. (waima), one who
stands erect (or, stands still). (Sel-
dom in Z. Cf. ima.}
Mwimbaji, n. (waimb.\ a singer,
songster, chorister. (Cf. imba,
and follg.)
MwimbisM, n. (waijnb.}, one
who teaches, or leads singing, a sing-
ing master, a conductor.
imba, and prec.)
Mwimo, n. (miimo], an upright
or side-piece of a door-frame. (See
Mlango, and cf. ima.}
Mwinamishi, n. (wain.}, one
who causes to bend (stoop). (Cf.
inama, and follg.)
Mwinamo, n. (/'.), a stoop-
ing, a bending down. (Cf. mama,
and prec.)
Mwinda, Mwindaji, n. (wa-
MWINYI
267
MWONGO
, a huntsman, one who hunts,
of any kind of game. (Cf.
, micinzi, windo, and syn.
Mwinyi, n. used as a title. See
Mwenyi.
Mwinzi, n. (wwinzi), sometimes
used for mwinJa, mwindaji which
see, and cf. witida).
Mwisho, n. (niiishd), act (time,
place, manner, means) of ending,
bringing to an end, end, result, con-
clusion, final step, extreme limit,
consummation, annihilation, death.
Often as adv., finally, lastly (cf.
hatima). -a mwisho, final, last,
extreme. (Cf. isha, and syn.
ukfnio, upto, mpaka, and contr.
mwanzo.}
*Mwislamu, n. (IVaislannt), a
Mahommednn. Also Msilimu,
Mwaalimu which see).
Mwita, Mwitaji, n. (waita), one
who calls (summons, invites). (Cf.
i/a, and alika.}
Mwito, n. (mil to), act (time, man-
ner, &c.) of calling, a summons,
.in invitation, a call. Akataayc
hukataa aitiiualo, he who de-
a call, declines what he is
called for. (Cf. it a, and prec.)
Mwitu, n. ( , and miitu), forest,
implying large trees and close to-
gether. Mwitu mnene, a thick, dense
forest, -a mwitu, wild, savage, un-
tamed. Nyama ya mwitu, a wild
animal. 6^f*fVflMfMaweedL (Cf.
thick underwood, jangle,
open grassy forest sparsely
with trees, also/W/, /
Mwivi, n. (WOT), MwUi (wtti),
roht^r, kidnapper, s\<
Mwivi hushikwn no mwtvi mwt-
tight by his fellow-
thief. (Cf. i/>a, mwibaji, uiti, and
nyanganyi . ikacha,
tla.)
Mwoga, n. (waoga), (i) a coward,
a timid person (cf. oga, of>opa % and
-</) ; (2) a bather (from oga,
bathe, cf. osha).
Mwogofyo,n.(ww^.), threatening,
denunciation. (Cf. ogofya?)
Mwoko, n. (inioko), act (process,
&c.) of baking, roasting. (Cf.
Mwokotaji, n. (waok.\ and Mwo-
kosi, one who picks up, one who
finds by chance. a (C&60/a.)
Mwokozi, n. (waok.}, one who
saves, a saviour, rescuer, preserver,
deliverer. (Cf. okoa, wokovu.}
Mwomba, n. (waomba), one who
asks (begs, prays), verbal of omba y
governing a noun following. M.
pesa, one who asks for money. M.
ctua, one who makes a special petition.
M. Muungu, a man of prayer, a
devout person. (Cf. omba, and
follg.)
Mwombaji, n. (waomb.), a beggar,
a professional beggar, a mendicant.
(Cf. om6a, miuoniba, mwombi, and
follg.)
Mwombezi, n. (waomb.}, one who
begs on behalf of (or, .-
another, an intercessor, pleader, ad-
vocate, also, opponent. (Cf.
omba, and follg.)
Mwombi, n. (waombf), one who
makes a petition (or, prayer), a
petitioner, a suppliant. (Cf. oniba,
muomba, mwombaji.)
Mworno, n. (wjorno), lip, for
usti.nl nuLnno (which see).
Mwongezi,ti. (waong?) also Mwo-
ngea, one who talks (gossips, passes
the time, amuses, &c.). Mu'cngc*i
haongexwi, one who amuses is not
(Cf. ongea.)
M won go, n. (waongo\ a 1;
postor, inventor of falsehoods, dc- ,
|)ervcrter of truth. (Cf.
'ifti\ and dist. follg.)
Mwongo, n. (0110*19), (i) number,
:g, rank. Usually in jilur.
hamo katika miongo yao, he is not
them, and i
ongoni mica, used pr<
among the number of, >
from among; (a)
esp. a decade, sometimes used as a
MWONQOFU 2
division of the Swahili month. (See
Mwezi, and syn. kumi. Dist. prec.)
Mwongofu, n. (waong.}, one who
is directed, guided, instructed, put in
the right way, and so in religion,
i. e. mwongofu wa dini, a convert, a
proselyte. Mwongofu wa kazi, a
proficient in an art, a good workman.
(Cf. ongoa, uongofu, and follg.).
Mwongozi, n.(w#0.),also Mwo-
ngoshi, one who shows the right way
(guides, leads), and so, a skilled work-
man who can show others how to
work (cf./undi), or a guide, pilot (cf.
the usual kiongozt). (Cf. ongoa^)
Mwonjo, n. (tnionjd), a tasting, a
trial. (Cf. on/a.)
Mwosha, n. (waoshd), also Mo-
sha, (i) one who washes, in general,
but also (2) esp. of one who is en-
gaged to wash a corpse, and prepare it
for burial, an undertaker, sometimes
one of three, who each take a part.
Mwosha naye htioshwa, the washer
of corpses is himself one day a corpse.
(Cf. osha, oga, and alsofua, dobi.}
Mwosho, n. (miosho), act (place,
manner, &c.) of washing. (Cf.
oska,josho, and prec.)
Mwozi, n. (waozi}, one who has
to do with marrying or causing to
marry, whether bridegroom, parent,
or official. (Cf. oa, oza, maozi, &c.)
Mwua, n. (waua), also Mua,
verbal of ua, one who kills, murders,
puts to death.
Mwuaji, n. (fPOfM^V), also Muaji,
a slayer, murderer, assassin, destroyer
of life. (Cf. ua, uuaji, and prec.
Also mchinjaji, mfishaji?)
^ Mwuguzi, n. (waug.\ one who
tends or has the care of the sick,
medical attendant, nurse. (Cf.
ugua, and syn. mlezi.~)
Mwujiza, Q.(mtuj.) , anything won-
derful, extraordinary, supernatural,
a wonder, a surprise, a miracle.
(Cf. syn. ajabu, mzungu, shani, and
perh. kioja.}
Mwumba, n. (wautnbd), also
Muumba, one who creates, esp. the
MWUNZI
Creator of all things, God. Mwu-
mba ndiye Mwumbua, the Maker
the Destroyer. (Cf. umba,
Muumba, and follg.)
Mwumbaji, n. (wautnb.}, one who
creates, usually of God only, the
Creator. (Cf. umba, and prec.)
*Mwumini, n. (wauwini), a be-
liever, i. e. a Mahommedan. (Ar.
Cf. aniini, mmunina?)
Mwumishi, n. (waum-), a pro-
fessional cupper. (Cf. umika,}
Mwumizi, n. (waum.}, one who
burts, causes pain. (Cf. uma,
umizi.}
Mwunda, n. (wa-'), one who con-
structs, esp. of woodwork. Also
niwundi (wa chombo, &c.), a ship-
wright, who does the work. Mwundi-
ha, the person who orders, arranges,
or contracts for the work. Mwii-
ndiwa, the person to whose order or
for whose trade the work is done.
(Cf. undo, mwunzi.}
Mwungama,n. (waung.y, one who
acknowledges (admits, confesses)
wrongdoing. Used as a title of
Mahommed. (Cf. ttngama.}
Mwungamishi, n. (waung.), one
who invites (receives, extorts) con-
fession, &c. (Cf. ungama.}
Mwungamo, n. (miung.}, (i) ac-
knowledgement of obligation, con-
fession, admission of guilt (cf. ttnga-
ma, and prec.) ; (2) a plant; which
produces ungamo, a yellow dye for
matting. . (Cf. manjano.}
Mwungo, n. (miungo), also Mu-
ungo, a joining together, a joint, e. g.
mwungo wa kufuli, to describe a
dovetail joint, lit. a lock-joining.
(Cf. tmga v., and the more usual
ungo, kiungo.}
Mwunzi, n. (waunzf), also Mwu-
nda, Mwundi, one who constructs
(frames, builds), esp. of a carpenter's
and shipwright's work. Mwunzi wa
chombo, a shipbuilder. (Cf. unda,
and see Mwunda.)
Mwunzi, n. usually in the plur.,
i.e. miunzi, whistling (which see).
MWUZA
269
MZIMA
Mwuza, n. (wauza^, verbal of uza,
one who sells. Mwuza itguo, a
draper. Mwuza samaki, a fish-
monger, &c. Also mwttzrtzi, a pro-
fessional seller, a dealer, a salesman.
Contr. mnunuzi, a buyer, a customer.
Cf. n
Mzaa, n. (wa-), verbal of zaa,
governing the word following, one
who begets, or gives birth to. Mzaa
bibi, great-grandmother. (Cf. zaa,
nizazi. kizazi, rnzao.)
*Mzabibu, n. (mi-), a vine, the
fniit being zabilm, Taiui la mz,, a
bunch of grapes. (Ar. zabib, raising
*Mzabuni, n. (wa-), a buyer, a
bidder at a sale. (Ar. Cf. zabuni,
and the common B. syn. mnunuzi.')
*Mzaha, n. (mi-), fun, joke, ridi-
cule, derision. Jina la tn., nick-
name. Fanya m., do in fun.
izia rn. t make fun of. (Ar. Cf.
thihaka, ubishi, nuhezo.)
Mzalia. n. (wa-), with Ps. sense,
one born at (or, in a place), a native
(of a given spot), and esp. a home-
born slave, one born in the house or
country of his master. Such slaves
rank above the raw slave (mjinga)
from the interior. (Cf. zaa, and
follg., and see Mtumwa.)
Mzalisha, Mzalishi, n. (wa-}, a
midwife. (Cf. zaa, and prec.)
Mealiwa, n. (a/a-), one born (at),
e.g. tnzaliwa huko (or, wa hitko},
one born there, a native.
Mzama, n. (wa-'), verbal of zama,
one who si:, .cs in water.
Also Msamaji (wa-), a diver, but
commonly msamia (//////), one who
dives for (pearls). (Cf. sama, and
ishi.)
Mzambarau, n. (mi-), a kind of
fruit-tree, bearing
a kind of damson or sloe, zambarau.
Meamiflhi, n. (wa-) t one who
vs divers. Also Meamiaho,
causing to sink, plunging in water,
ITS. (Cf. zama,
zamisna, and mzania.)
Mzamo. n. (mi-), diving, plunging
(in liquid), drowning. (Cf. prec.,
and zama.)
*Mzandiki, n. (wa-), a hypocrite,
liar. (Ar. Cf. nmafiki, mwongo.)
Mzao, n. (wa-), child, offspring,
descendant. (Cf.zaa,wzazi. Perh.
for mzawo.)
Mzawa, n. Ps. verbal of zaa, see
Mzaliwa, which is the form com-
monly used.
Mzazi, n. (wa-), one .who begets,
or bears offspring, a parent (male or
female). Used also of (i) a woman
recently delivered, and (2) a prolific
parent. (Cf. zaa, and -zazi, uzazi,
kizazi.)
Mzee, n. (wa-), (i) an old person,
an elder, (a) a parent, (3) an an-
cestor. Mzcc nimoja mzec sana, one
old man was very old. An old
woman is usually kizte. (Cf. perh.
zaa, also uzee, kizce.)
Mzibo, n. (mi-), (i) a stopping
up, closing a hole (path, passage,
&c.), a plug, a stopper, bung, &c.
Also (2) fig. a check, a stop, a dead-
lock. (Cf. ziba, kizibo.)
Mzigo, n. (mi-), a load, a burden,
esp. of such a load as a caravnn
porter (nipagazi) carries on his head
in East Africa, i.e. about 60 Ib.
weight. Also fig. of a sorrow, be-
reavement, infirmity. Mizigo\
futa, odd jobs of porterage.
m., shoulder a load (i.e. usually,
place on the head). Tua
///., lay down a load. Funga
prepare for a journey, pack, make
preparations (for any und< r
Bwaga v a load
(Cf. mtuniba, mfagasi.)
Msiko, n. (mi-), a
&c.) of burial. (Cf. zika, and the
more usual matito.)
Mzima, n. (wa-), (i) a person in
good health, in sound
mind and body, whole; (2) a full-
in adult.
is also verbal n.
from si ma, v., one who extinguishes,
puts out (a light, fire, &c.)0
MZIMU
270
MZOMABI
Mzimu, n. (mi-), a native place
of worship, i. e. where offerings and
prayers are made to spirits, whether
of ancestors or others. In Z. it is
usually a rock, cave, tree, or ruin,
and the offerings are rags of calico,
cooking pots, and occasionally small
coin. Pekka kitu mzimuni, go and
make an offering. (Cf. kuzimu,
the state after death, the world of
disembodied spirits, death (as a state),
the grave. Also zimwe, a spirit,
ghost, demon, and wazimu, madness,
lit. spirits. Perh. also cf. zimu,
zimua, zimuka, meaning 'to be-
come cold, be extinguished, put out.'
Contr. the m of mzimu of 'place
within which,' whh the more general
ku of kuzimu, the whole environ-
ment, general condition.)
Mzinduko, n. (mi-), (i) opening
ceremony, inauguration; (2) awaken-
ing suddenly from sleep. (Cf.
zinduka.)
Mzinga, n. (mi-), anything of a
cylindrical shape, a round hollowed
log, a native beehive (usually a
hollowed section of a tree, and fixed
in a tree), a cannon (from its
shape). Piga mzinga, fire a cannon.
Mizinga ya salaam, a salute (by
cannon). (Cf. zinga, mzingo, zu-
nguka, &c.)
Mzingile, n. (mi-). Mzingile
mwambiji, a labyrinth, a maze, a
puzzle (Str.). (Cf. zinga, and
follg.)
Mzingo, n. (mi-), in general, a
rounding, curving, bending, and so
used to denote (i) circuit, bend,
winding (e. g. of a river), turn ; (2)
working on a curve, making a bevel,
making a round mat or basket; (3)
circumference, distance round; (4)
environment, neighbourhood, margin
of a pool or stream, what is around
one. Hence used prepositionally,
mzingo wa, around, on all sides
of. -a mzingo, around, enclosing,
surrounding. Shona mzingo, sew in
a curve. Mzingo ni mzunguko wa
mviringo, mzingo means going round
in a circle. (Cf. zinga, mzinga,
ungttka.)
*Mzinzi, n. (wa-), an adulterer,
a fornicator, a t debauchee. ( Ar.
Cf. zini, uzini, zintfa.)
Mzishi, n. (wa-), one who has to
do with a burial, and so (i) an under-
taker, who manages it, or grave-
digger; (2) a friend who attends it,
esp. a trusted, intimate, bosom friend,
as being relied on for securing decent
burial. (Cf. zika, mazishi.)
Mzizi, n. (mi-), (i) a root, rootlet,
i. e. kishina kidogo cha mtini chini,
the small root-fibres of a tree beneath
the ground ; (2) perh. from the use
of roots in native medicine, ' a doctor's
prescription, dose, medicine,' de-
scribed according to the way it is to
be used, e.g. wa kuchoma, to be
heated ; wa knsaga, to be pulverized ;
wa kuchanjia, for inoculation ; wa
kutafuna, to be chewed ; wa ku-
chemsha, to be boiled, &c. (Cf.
mwiko and shina.)
Mzizimizi, n. (wa-), one who
sinks, goes to the bottom, disappears
suddenly and completely. Hence,
an adventurer, stranger, swindler,
who suddenly vanishes leaving no
traces. (Cf. zizimia.)
Mzo, n. (mizo) also Mso, a
measure of weight or dry measure,
viz. lofrasila, or 60 pishi, i.e. about
350-360 lb., equivalent to jizla.
(Ar.)
Mzoea, n. (wa-), verbal of zoea,
one who is used, accustomed (to),
practised (in), familiar (with). Mimi
mzoea sana naye, I am on quite
familiar terms with him. (Cf.
zoea, -zoefu.)
Mzofafa, adv. on tiptoe, with a
strut, proudly. (Ar. zaf, for
mzafzaf.)
Mzoga, n. (mi-), carcass, dead
body, carrion, not usually of a hu-
man body, corpse, i. e. maiti. (Cf.
mwili, pinda.)
*Mzomari, n. a kind of scent,
MZOMEO
271
? rose water. (Dist. tnsoman, a
nail, and zomari, a pipe, flute.)
Mzomeo, n. (mi-\ derisi\
cast ic, insulting noises or speech.
nea.}
Mzuka, n. (w<z-), one who ap-
pears suddenly, and so, an ap-
parition, ghost, spirit, goblin. (Cf.
:t!:a, kizttka, ntzushi.}
Mzungu. n. (i) (wa-J, a European.
:t mweusi, a Europeanized
native (cf. kizungu, Uzungu).
(a) (-) something wonderful,
startling, surprising, ingenuity, cle-
verness, a feat, a trick, a wonderful
or mizungu kwa Wazungu, i. e. Eu-
ropeans are always astonishing.
(Cf. ~*ungu, and perh. conn, with
\.)
Mzunguko, n. ('-), in general,
a going round, a being round, a
surrounding, and so (i) revolving,
circular motion, turning, whirling, &c.;
(a) eddy, whirlpool, circular course,
orbit, circuit; (3) enclosing, surround-
ing, besieging (cf. mazingiwd) ; (4)
sauntering, idling, shilly-shallying
(cf. zHitsttka). (Cf. zunguka,
zunguJco, and mzingo, zinga.}
Mzungusho, n. (MJ-), a causing
to go round, a surrounding, an en-
closing or placing round, &c. Also
Mzungushi (wa-}, one who causes
to go (or, be) round. (Cf. m-.u-
nguko, and zunguka, sungusha.)
Mzushi, n. (*-), also Mzuzi,
one who causes to penetrate through
and so emerge, who causes son
to appear suddenly. Hence (i) an
<r, inventor, reformer, revolu-
heretic, tScc. ; (a) tell-tale,
r, gossip-monger, &c. (Cf.
usushi, xua, tuka, ntzuka.}
Mzuzu, n. (i) (wa), one who is
inexperienced, at a loss what to do,
and so 'a simpleton, a nc.
orn, tender-foot), an :
mus. Also (2) name of a kind nf
banana (sec Ndisi). (Cf. sutua,
and syn. mjinga, mgtni, barathuli.)
N.
N represents the same sound as in
English. This sound involves more
difficulties than any other in learning
Swahili, its grammatical function,
together with its peculiar phonetic
affinities, producing the only forms
of words which can be called excep-
tional or irregular.
It may be considered A. as a sound,
B. as a formative prefix.
A. The sound n is either (i)
purely consonantal, or (2) semi-vocal.
(i) As a pure consonant, n can be
combined with any vowel, but only
five consonants, viz. d, g, j, y t and z,
e.g. ndio, ngoja, njaa, nyumba,
tiznri.
When its function as a prefix (see
below) would require its use in com-
bination with other consonants, the
effect is as follows :
Before 6, n becomes m, e. g. mbaya
for nbaya.
Before w, n becomes w, but the w
following is also changed into 6, c. g.
mbili for nwili, mbingit for nwingu.
Before r (or its convertible sound
/), n is retained, but the r (or /) is
changed into d, e. g. ndefu for nrefu,
ndiini, plur. of itlimi. Cf. also >/</.
in words like ndnme, ndoa, ndoto,
&c, (perh. indicating a lost / in the
root).
Before >6, /, /, is represt-i
at all, by giving an explosiv*
to those consonants, e. g. pcfo as the
< >f w/<yv?.
Before <-/;,/, h, m, J.^nd v, n does
not appear, i. e. cannot be pronounced
as a pore consonant.
(a) Asa semi-vowel, or sen
pendent . with
few exceptions, to use bcfoi<
/', t, d t t, s or another n. I
ncs represents the
verbs, as in nua/vnda, ntaJrumtda,
ifxnda, nitakwenda, .-.-
pears in the words /.
so t -nzi t ttn(, i:
272
NA
n inclines to the sound of f n, especially
in the dialect of Zanzibar and in the
words -fflgYfttf,-**^ inzi. This faintly
vocalized use of n is sometimes in-
dicated by writing it ' or n\ and
accounts for the sound ny- which it
often assumes before vowels, e.g.
nyitmba, nyekundu, nyingi.
(For further remarkson the n sound,
see Ny-, Ng', Nya, and Njoo.)
B. As a prefix, n is
(i) In verbs a shortened form of
/, i.e. the Pers. Pfx. subjective and
objective of the i Pers. S. nnapenda,
I love, amenita, he has called me.
Cf. also ndi (for ni} in ndio, ndiwe,
&c. See Ndi-, and obs. the irreg.
Imperat. n-joo, fromja.
(2} In nouns, n or ny- (before a
vowel) is a common initial of D 6
and the Plur. Pfx. characteristic of
D 4, with various euphonic variants
(see above).
(3) In adjectives, n or ny- is the
Pfx. agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6,
subject to the euphonic limitations
given above, and excepting the pro-
nominal and a few other adjectives.
Obs. however, the two common irre-
gular forms njema (and ngema) for
nycma, and mpya (for the inadmissible
monosyllable pya], also nd for n-
(ny-} in ndoto, ndume, ndoa, nJto,
ndui, and nduma, as plur. of uma
(perh. to characterize the n as prefix,
and not part of the root).
Na is a B. particle, used as a
conj.,prep., and with a verbal signifi-
cation, with the general idea of con-
nexion, association, or the opposites
Like kwa and katika it is one of the
commonest particles in Swahili.
i. As a conjunction. (a) na
simply connective, ' and,' but con
nective mainly of nouns, pronouns, o:
their equivalents, not commonly o
sentences, or adjectives, which in
Swahili usually follow each othe
without a separate connective par
tide, e. g. mimi na wewe, I and you
baba na mama, father and mother
. g. wapikienina nyama loapeni wale
washibe walale, cook for them, and
give them meat, so that they may eat
and be satisfied, and go to sleep.
The common connectives of pnra-
[raphs are hatta and bassi.} Even
when beginning a paragraph, na is
as a rule in close connexion with a
noun. When used to connect two
verbs, when .the verbs are quite
distinct in mood, tense, &c., e. g.
<ml>a, na utapewa, ask and you will
receive, &c., the latter verb is com-
monly in the Infinitive (i. e. noun)
"orm, the force of the inflections of
he first verb, mood, tense, person,
&c., being, however, carried on to
he second, e. g. moyo wangu wani-
ambia, Soma na kusali, my 'heart
says to me, Read and pray. Even
when connecting two adjectival ideas,
the second is often in noun form,
e. g. inchi kubwa na uzttrz, an ex-
tensive and beautiful country, other-
wise inchi kubwa nzuri. (b) na
qualifies, and corrects, ' and yet , withal,
even,' connexion suggesting some
difference, whether with nouns or
verbs. Na tungoje basst, let us even
wait then. Akala na nguruive, he
ate even pork. . Na is thus commonly
used with pronouns, after a verb,
with an idiomatic force qualifying
the verb rather than the pronoun,
e. g. njoo nawe, do come along, I
wish you would come, lit. come even
you. Atakaja naye, he is sure to
come, lit. even he will come. Kafa
naye, he is actually dead.
2. As a preposition, the main idea
of na is connexion or association,
i. e. ' with,' whether in thought, place,
or time, but is inclusive of many
correlative ideas, e. g. disconnexion,
distance as well as nearness, recipro-
cation, separation as well as union,
subtraction as well as addition, i. e.
' from ' as well as ' with, by, to.' E. g.
alikwenda na babayake, he went with
his father (also, ' he went and (so did)
his father,' or ' his father went also,'
273
NAFASI
ven his father went '). Thus (a}
tta is the characteristic preposition of
the Agent with a passive verb, aliu-
awa na adui, he was killed by his
enemy, the instrument being denoted
by kwa. But na may be used of any
active force, and also of the instru-
ment. Alishikwa no. homa, he was
seized with fever. Alipigwa nafimbo,
he was beaten with a stick, also kwa
fimbo, or fimbo alone. Also in
other passive constructions, e. g.
alitokwa. na damu, he bled. (t>) na
is used with adjectives and adverbs
in consonance with its main idea,
e. g. sawa na, equal to ; mbali na (or
ya), distant from, different from ;
karibu na (or ya\ near to ; pamoja
na, together with, (c) na is fre-
quently connected with the Rp. form
of verbs (which appears to be formed
with it), shindana na, contend with,
agana na, take leave of, tengana na,
be divided from, achana na, depart
from.
'.'* has a very common and
important tuc in connexion, and in
combination, with the verb -wa, be,
and those other forms, including the
person-prefixes, which are regularly
used with the meaning of -wa (see
-w), especially It with- the relative.
and the person-prefixes, ni, u, a, o, i.
//, M, ma,ya,pa, ku, &c. With all
these na is used (and too commonly
.ced illustration) to express (a)
having, (6) being, existing. Thus (a)
wa na, &c., have, lit. be with, e. g.
alikuwa > ic had property.
ibu alicho nacho, the book which
he has. Sina nguvu, \ have no
strength. Yuna afya t anayo. Has he
health ? he has (it). (*) -wa na. be,
exist. Palihuwa na mtu, there was
it ia there?
What is the matter ? Hakun*i
there is nothing. In some nr^
phrases na seems to lose all trace of
meaning and preposi-
:id to represent itself
the force of a verb, e.g. hakuna,
there is not . ( A'utta (ina, pana, &c.) ,
'there is,' is not used alone, but with
a noun or pronoun following, or
another element in combination, e.g.
kunako, zinazo.} In all uses na is
very commonly compounded with
the pronouns (nami, na-ue, naye,
nasui, &c.), and with the relative
forms of other prefixes (e. g. nayo,
nalo, nazo, napo, nako, &c.).
-na, as a tense-prefix, is the sign of
the Pres. Indcf., e. g. anakuja, he is
coming. The forms ot this tense
are constantly used in the sense of
the Pres. Partic. ,as the forms of the
me tense are for the Past Partic.),
e. g. akamwona anakuja, he saw him
coming. (For -na combined with
person-prefixes, e. g. nina,
namna, Anna, &c., see Na, 3.)
*Naam, a common affirmat i
tide, Yes, Certainly, I understand, It
is so. (Ar. Cf. ntenia, and syn.
ndio, verna, a-hee^)
*Nabii, n. {ma-}, a prophet, a
preacher of righteousness, one who
foretells the future. Used of Adam,
Noah, Abraham, Jesus Christ, and
others, as well as of Mahomet. ( Ar.
Cf. bashiri, tabiri.}
*Nadi, v. (i) call, summon, an-
nounce publicly, proclaim.
wa Sultaiti ttn.Jitadiwa, the Sultan's
proclamation i> IK;
///' akanudia kusali, Hil.nli
appeared and call*
hold a sale (or public m
W atu wananaai vitu kwa n;
]>cojle are having a noisy salt .
anadiyc rtguo, a man who sells clothes
by atu (Ar. Cf. mwnia,
mnadi, and dalali.}
i:oni, grain, in
. millet,
Nafaai, n. (i) brcnthim;
space, room, o]>;
pare time; (i) m
oo busy. (Ar. Cf. nafsi,
nafusi, and syn. f>umuz;
NAFISI
274
NANGA
*Naflsi, v. usually nafisisha,
accommodate with money, relieve,
put in easy circumstances. Rf.ji-
nqfisisha, make oneself comfortable.
Nt. nafisika, get out of poverty, be-
come well off, be relieved. (Ar.
Cf. prec. and tanafusi.}
*Nafsi, n. ( ), also Nafusi, vital
spirit, breath, soul, self, person, in-
dividuality, essence. Generally used
to emphasize personality, e. g. mimi
nafsi yangu (or bi nafsi yangu), I
myself. Wakachukizwa nafsi zao, they
were deeply offended. (Ar. Cf.
nafasi.')
*Nafuu, n. ( ), profit, advantage,
gain, progress, equipment, assistance,
e. g. in money or food, for a journey;
esp. of improvement in health, con-
valescence. Amepata nafuu, he has
got better (like hajambo). (Ar. Cf.
syn. riziki, vifaa,faida?)
*Nahau, n. ( ), explanation, un-
folding of meaning, and so (i) gram-
mar, syntax; (2) excuse, quibble,
subterfuge. N. ya maneno, an eva-
sive statement. Killa neno Una n.
yoke, every word has its meaning.
(Ar. for the more common maana,
tafsiri, ehzo. Also for ' grammar,'
cf. sarufi.}
*Nahotha, n. (wa-),alsoNakho-
tha, Nahoza, captain, of a vessel.
(Ar.)
*Najisi, -najisi, a. unclean, dirty,
impure, profane. v. also Najisi-
sha, defile, contaminate, pollute, pro-
fane. (Ar. Cf. unajisi, ehafua,
and syn. B. -chafu, -a takataka.}
*Nakawa, a. clear, good-looking,
in sound condition, of fine quality,
of persons and things. Pembe n.,
good sound ivory. Mtumwa mwema
., a fine good-looking slave. (Ar.
Cf. -ema, -zima, -zuri.}
*Nakili, n. also Nakli, Nakulu,
a copy, an imitation, a translation,
duplicate. Nakili ya waraka, copy
of a letter. v. copy, transcribe,
translate. Ps. nakiliwa. Nt.
nakilika. Ap. nakil-ia, -iwa.
Cs. nakil-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
fuatisha, iga, and manuku. Dist.
nakili, for nakirt, Arab, not often
used, reject, disapprove.)
Nako, for na huko, and there.
*Nakshi, n. and Nakishi, carving,
carved ornament, fine chisel-work,
engraving, and used of any orna-
mentation of similar appearance, e.g.
embroidery, painting. Pig& (kata)
nakshi, carve, adorn with carving
(embroidery, &c.). v. carve,
adorn with carving, &c. Ps. naki-
shiwa. Ap. nakish-ia, -iwa, (Ar.
Cf. chora, pamba^}
*Nakudi, n. cash, ready money,
a trifle. Nunua kwa nakudi, buy
off-hand, buy on the spot, i. e. mkono
kwa mkono. (Ar. Cf. sarifu.}
*Nakulu, n. See Nakili.
Nama, v. bend down. See Inama.
"Nambari, n. a (single) number,
e.g. the number which marks an
object, person, &c. (Eng. number.}
Nami, for na mimi, and I, even
me. See Na.
*Namna, n. ( ), also Namuna,
(i) example, sample, pattern, model,
sort, kind; (2) special sort, perfect
example, model, a rarity, choice
article. Wataka namna gani? What
sort do you want? Nguohiiyanatnna,
this calico is the best. (Hind.
Cf. Ar. ginsi, aina.}
Namua, v. draw away, disengage,
get out of a difficulty, take out of
a trap, set free. (Not common
inZ.)
*Nana, n. and Nanaa, mint. (Ar.)
*Nanasi, n. (ma-\ pine-apple,
the fruit of the mnanasi. Common
in Zanzibar, in two principal varieties.
Yields a fibre, used as string. (Ar.
Cf. unanasi.}
Nane, -nane, n. and a. , eight, -a
nane, eighth. (Cf. Ar. themani,
which is rarely used, and perh. nne,
four.)
Nanga, n. an anchor, properly,
of the four-fluked pattern commonly
used, a European two-fluked anchor
NANI
275
NAZI
being baura. Tia (fniliza) nanga,
cast (let go) anchor. Ngoa nanga,
weigh anchor. (Cf. baura, kombe,
fluke, also am art, cable.)
Nani. pron. interrog., What person
( person s^ ? Who? Jina lako nani?
What is your name? -a nani,
Whose? (Cf. m'tii, lini, and -//'.
Nao, for na hao, or na ivao. and
these, and they. Napo, for na hapo,
and there. (See Na.)
Nasa. v. get hold of, catch in a
trap, hold fast. Ps. naswa. Nt.
nasika. A p. nas-ia, -itva. Cs.
nas-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. tcga y guia t
kamata, and perh. nata.}
*Nosaba, n. pedigree, genealogy,
lineage. (Arab.)
*Nasibu, n. chance, fortune, luck,
accident. Kwa nasibu, accidentally,
not on purpose, by chance. (Ar.
Cf. bahati.}
Nasihi, v. give good advice (to),
counsel wisely. Also n. a sincere
friend, faithful counsellor, wise ad-
viser. (Ar. Cf. mshauri.)
Nata, v. he sticky, adhere, stick.
Ctomvu -vafencssi -wanata sana, the
sap of the jack- fruit is very sticky.
Ap. natana, stick together. (Cf.
ambata, ganda.}
Nathari, n. (i) look, glance ; (2)
attention, consideration ; (3) choice,
discretion, judgement. Nathan yako
(or, kroako), it is for you to choose.
. I have no choice. (Ar.
Cf. hit:
Nathifti, a. also Nadifu, clean,
\'yumba yoke no-
his house was .
good order. (Ar. Cf. sa/l , safidi.)
Nathiri, n. vow, solemn promise.
::ig to God.
Weka n., make a vow. Ondoa .,
fulfil (perform) a vow. (Ar.)
*Nai; charge for freight
nncc), passage-money,
hire, pay ;>.issage
Cs. nanliska, let
for freight (carriage. corn-
charter, l>c a ship's broker. (Ar.)
T
Nawa, v. wash ceremonially, per-
form ablutions, according to the pre-
scribed Mahommedan custoi;
wash the hands and face, tawaza
being used of the feet, charnba of
other parts of the body. Sometimes
nawa mikono (nso, migutf). Ps.
nawiwa, Nt. nawika. Ap.
naw-ia, wash with (at, by, &c.).
Majiya kunawia, water for ablutions.
Cs. nawisha, e.g. nawisha watu
mikono, i. e. bring people water to
wash with. (Cf. also oga.fita, and
tohara.)
Naye, for na ycyc, and he, even
him. Mjinga ni mtu naye, a fool is
after all a fellow man. (See Na.)
Nazi, n. ( ), the ripe fruit of the
cocoanut-palm (ntnazi}, which is very
plentiful in Z. (as well as the neigh-
bouring islands and coast) and one
of the most important commercial
products. A'azi is the most general
descriptive name, but seven stages in
its development are distinguished
under the names (which see): (i)
upunga, the first forming of the fruit
on the flower stem ; (2) kitale, a young
nut ; (3) kidaka, half-grown; (4 (fa/u,
full-grown and full of milk (*uyi) 9
aho cf. urambcrambcr and tonga ;
(5) korowa, when the milk is de-
creasing, and nutty part forming; (6)
//(;:;, fully ripe, no milk, ami nut
hardening; (7) nasi kavit. th
pa/t dry and separating from the
shell. < Also Joya, a nut
full of a white spongy nut su!
kiritmvi, without milk or nut ; tna-
kumbi, the fibrous husk; kifttu, the
hard inner shell ^dist. kifuo, .
used for ripping off the husk);
part insi
! alf a nut (when broken
. As a n.
the nutty part used for cooking (cf.
i<ha % nibuti) os
sold as copra. Mafuta ya nasi,
cocoanut oil. 1'
harabit ya nzirna, a bad cocoanut
NCHA
276
NDIZI
spoils good ones. (See also mnazi,
ternbo, gema, kuti.}
Ncha, n. ( ), also Incha, tip,
point, end, extremity, e. g. of a knife,
branch, cord, &c.. Hakuna refit
lisilo ncha, nothing so long that^ it
has no end. Habari ya uwongo ina
ncha saba, a false story has seven
endings, i. e. can be told in many
ways. (Cf. kikomo, miuisho,
mpaka, and dist. nta, wax.)
Nchi, n. See Inchi.
Nd-, as an initial sound, cf. N.
(See N, A (i), and Ndi-.)
Ndama, n. ( ), the young of
cattle, esp. a calf, but also distin-
guished as ndama ya ng'ombe, calf ;
nd. ya mbtizi, kid ; nd. ya kondoo,
lamb. (Cf. nyama, mtamba.}
Ndani, adv. within, inside, in the
heart. Contr. nje. Ndani ya, prep,
inside of, within, -a ndani, internal,
inner, secret, heartfelt. Kwa ndani,
internally, in the inside, in the heart,
secretly.
Ndara, n. ( ), a plain leather
sandal. (Cf. kiatu, makubazi.}
Ndefu, (i) a. form oi-refu, long,
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 ; (2)
n. See Ndevu.
Ndege, n. ( ), (i) a bird ; (2) an
omen. N. za anga, birds of the
air. N. njema (mbaya), a good
(bad) omen. N. akaruka juu, the
bird flew upward. Tusimtilie n.,
do not let us obstruct him (by anj-
thing which might be a bad omen).
Dim. kidege. (Cf. nyuni, rarely
heard in Z.)
Ndevu, n. plur. of udevtt, the hair
of the face, beard, whiskers. Also
ndevu za mashavuni, whiskers
Ndevu za mdomo wajuu (wa chini)
moustache (imperial). (Cf. ki-
Ndewe, n. ( ), a hole pierced in
the lobe of the ear, i.e. ndewe ya
sikio, to hold an ornament, some-
times of great size. (Cf. toja.}
Ndezi, n. name of a kind of rat.
Ndi- is used as a pfx. of emphasis
(perh. a strengthened and so em-
phatic form of ni, and see also N),
n combination with (i) personal
pronouns, ndimi (for ni mimi),
"diwe, ndiye, ndiswi, ndinyi, ndio,
..e. it is I, yes I, yes me, &c. (2)
with the demonstratives ending in ~o,
i. e. ndio (ni wad), ndiyo (ni hiyo),
ndizo (ni hizo}, &c., it is they, that is
it, &c., and the adverbs of the same
form, ndiko, ndipo, ndimo, there,
it is there. Ndiko atokako, that
is where he comes from. Often
strengthened by repeating the de-
monstrative after it, ndivyo hivyo,
it is just so, exactly so. Ndiyo hiyo,
that is the very thing. Ndio is con-
stantly in use as a simple affirmative,
'yes, it is so' (cf. naani). (Cf.
n, A. (i), nd-, and perhaps the
irregular form njoo, Imperat. of ja.
come.)
Ndifu, n. ( ), also Kidifu, and
Kilifu (which see). (Perh. a plur.
n. from ulifu, i. e. nlifu, ndifu.}
Ndilo, emphat. for ni hilo, that is
it. See Ndi-.
Ndimi, (i) plur. of ulimi, a
tongue; (2) emphat. for ni mimi, it
it I. See Ndi-.
Ndimo, emphat. for ni humo, it
is in there. (Cf. prec.)
Ndimu, n. ( ), and sometimes
Dimu, a lime, the fruit of the lime-
tree, mndimu, mdimu. There are at
least two varieties in Z., ndimu kali, '
the bitter lime, ndimu tamu, the
sweet lime. (For kindred varieties
see Mchungwa.)
Ndio, Ndipo, Ndiswi, Ndinyi,
Ndivyo, &c. See Ndi-. Ndio is
one of the commonest forms of simple
affirmation, ' yes, it is so.' (Cf. Ar.
naam}
Ndizi, n. ( ), banana, plantain,
the fruit of the mgomba. The fruit-
stalk with the whole head of fruit
is called mkungu, a cluster or bunch-
let on it chana (tana}, a single fruit
dole. There are many varieties in
Z., green, yellow, and deep red,
NDOA
277
NENA
known as kistikari, kipukusa, mzitzn,
mchenga, mkono wa tembo, bungala,
paka, kiguruwc, kizungu, &c.
Ndoa, n. ( ), marrying, mar-
riage, often treated as a plur. noun,
ndoa zangu, my marriage. (Cf. oa t
maozi, and for the form ndoto, ndume,
and see Nd-. Also cf. Aarusi, ni-
kaha.}
Ndofu, n. ( , and wa-), also
Ndovu, an elephant. (Rarely in Z.,
where tembo is used.)
Ndole, Ndomo, n. plur. of udole,
uomo (i. e. ulomo}. See EUdole,
Mdomo.
Ndonya, n. ( ), ring or round
ornament worn in the upper lip, esp.
by women from Nyasaland (where
-o called/<r/*/V).
Ndoto, n. ( ), a dream, dream-
ing. (Cf. ota.)
Ndugu, n. ( ), brother, sister,
cousin, relation, fellow - tribesman
(-citizen, -countryman). Further de-
. s n. mume, brother, n. mkt,
sister. N. baba mmoja mama
mmoja, full brother, with the same
father and mother. N. tumbo moja,
brother with the same mother, half-
brother ^at least X N. kunyonya,
foster-brother. Donda n. t a malig-
nant kind of ulcer. (Cf. udttgu,
. and urn/m, mtani,jamaa.)
Ndui, n. plur. small-pox (udui,
a single pustule). (1'erh. from ua,
::om its fatal effects.)
Nduli, n. and a., a savage person,
a killer, murderous, blood-shedding.
Ndume, n. and a., a pit:
from uume (i.e. ulume), used as
both sing, and plur.,(i) a male animal,
as contr. with man; (a) a man, in
respect of manly charatt
ties, rather than of sex <
i male ass.
Bata ndrtme, a drake. Atkari
ndume fora, warlike hcroe*.
hard grains of rice which
resist pounding. (Cf. -unit, and
&.)
Ndumiko, n. cuj>ping instrument,
usually a hom, i. e. ptmbt ya ku-
umikia, with which the cupping is
done. (Cf. umika, and chuku.)
*Neema, n. (i) ease, affluence,
comfort; (2) bounty, favour, help,
grace. Esp. of providential bless-
ings, plenty, a good harvest, abun-
dance of food. Inchi He ina neema
nyingi y that is a favoured country,
a good one to live in. Imemshukia
neema kubwa kwa Mtiungu, a great
mercy had descended on him from
God. (Ar. Cf. naam, and follg.,
and syn. mbaraka.)
*-neernefu, a. plentiful, abundant.
(Ar. Cf. follg.)
*Neemeka, v. live at ease, have
plenty, be in comfortable circum-
stances, possess property, get good
profits. Cs. neetnesha, make rich,
provide well for. (Ar. Cf.
neema, nnccmtfu.}
*Nejisi, a. See Najiai. (Ar.)
*Neli, n. a tube, a pipe, the
word commonly used being mwanzi.
(Hind. nal. Cf. Ar. kasiba.)
*Nerna, v. bend, give way, yield.
Nt. nem'ka, e. g. of graceful dancing.
Cs. nem-esha, -eshwa, cause to bend.
(Ar. Cf. nefa, and inama.}
Nernbo, n. ( ), a tribal mark,
usually a kind of tattoo. <
chalt, chanjo, and toja. Prob. a Yao
word.)
Nena, v. (i) speak, have the gift
of rational speech, articulate, utter,
say; (a) speak of, mention, name,
declare. Kinenatho na knithonena,
that which speaks and that which
does not, a common way
trasting people and things, the ra-
tional and ::
Nt. ntntka, (i) be spoken, 1
tioncd ; (2) be utterable, be such as
expressed in words, I-
i,&c. Afatnfo ya$iyontneka t
unutter.v >cribable things.
Neno kilo halineneki, '
not in use, is not a possible word.
(for, to, with, &c.;, but in common
NENDA
278
-NGALI-
usage ambia regularly takes its place
for 'speak to, say to,' and nenea
(when not denned by the context)
is used for 'speak against, rebuke,
scold,' more commonly than ' speak
for, intercede for, recommend, praise.'
Hence neneana. Cs. nen-esha,
-cshiva, -eza, -ezwa, e.g. cause (pro-
voke) to speak. E. g. wakanenezana
kwa maneno mabaya, they exasper-
ated each other by abuse. Rp.
nenana, speak of each other, and so
commonly, quarrel, abuse each other.
(Cf. neno, uneni, mneni, mnena,
mnenaji, mnenea, &c. Also sema,
and ambia. Sema is used exactly
like nena of rational speech, and in
most other senses. But (i) with a
person-object, nena means mention,
sema, speak against, rebuke, abuse
(like ambd}. (2) sema has often the
meaning ' talk, converse/ nena rarely.
Ambia with a person-object regu-
larly takes the place of both nena
and sema, when the meaning is sim-
ply, speak to, say to.)
Nenda, v. See Enenda.
-nene, a. (nene with D 4 (P), D 5
(S), D 6), (i) thick, stout, fat, plump,
broad ; (2) full, whole, complete.
(Cf. nenepa, unene, and nono, nona,
~pc.na, -zima}
Nenepa, v. become fat (stout, cor-
pulent) of persons, but nona, of
animals. Cs. nenepesha, make
stout, &c. (Cf. -nene, nona.}
Neno, n. (ma-}, (i) a word, utter-
ance, expression, message ; (2) asser-
tion, objection, argument, plea,
point ; ( 3) thing, fact, matter, affair,
cause, case; (4) a serious matter,
difficulty, danger, trouble. Theplur.
maneno is also used for (i) language,
speech, in general, and (2) con-
sultation, discussion, argument, trial,
debate. E.g. siknfanya n., I did
nothing. Ukiona n., usinene n. ;
itkinena n., litakujia n., if you see
anything, do not say anything; if
you say anything, something will
happen to you. Fanya maneno,
tiold a discussion, argue, debate.
Mtu iva maneno mengi, a talkative,
argumentative person. Mancno ya
kiunguja, the Zanzibar dialect.
Hana ., he has nothing to say.
Mnisaidie, nisione neno njiani, help
me that I may not find difficulty in
my way. (Cf. nena, and_/aw$0.)
Nenyekea, v. See Nyenyekea.
Nepa, v. incline downwards, bend
down, dip, drop (of a rope), sag.
Cs. nepesha, cause to bend, bend (by
pressure, &c.). Bakora hii inanepa
sana, this stick bends very much.
Kisu chanepa, the knife (blade)
bends. (Cf. Ar. nema. Also
inama, pinda}
Ng', thus written, is used to repre-
sent the only sound in Swahili not
easy to pronounce, viz. a close com-
bination of n and g which does not
pass on to the vowel following,
though forming one syllable with it.
Thus yangoa, it plucks up, is pro-
nounced quite differently from ya
ngoa, of desire, in which ngoa is only
a nasalized goa. The sound is not
common, and only in a few words
initial. (It is sometimes heard and
written as gn, but Str. argues that
words beginning with it are treated
grammatically as of the N (i. e. D 6)
declension, and that with pfxs. (e.g.
ki- or ma-} the g is retained even
if the n is dropped.)
-nga- and -nge-, as a pfx. , is the sign
of the Pres. Condit. Tense, as ngali
of the Past, e. g. ningapenda, I would
love. See Ngali-.
Ng'aa, v. be bright, glitter, gleam,
shine. Cs. ngaza, make shine.
(Cf. anga, ngara, &c.)
*Ngabu, n. ( ), a gouge, a
carpenter's tool, same as Bobari.
Ngadu, n. a kind of crab. (Cf.
Ngalawa, n. ( ), commonly
galaiva (which see) in Z., a small
dug-out canoe with outriggers.
-ngali-, as a pfx., is the sign of the
Past Condit. Tense, e.g. ningali-
NGAMA
279
NQEDELE
fvnda, I would have loved. Obs. in
narrative ngali and itga are used
with the person-pfxs. of actual facts,
past or present, e. g. angali ana-
kwenda, he was going ; kungali na
ma pt ma oado, it was still early.
Mvua ingalikinya na tufant ime-
kaza, the rain was falling, and the
storm at its height.
Ngama, n. ( ), the hold of a ves-
sel, i.e. in a native vessel amidships.
Prov. aendaye tezi na onto, hurudi
ngamani, he who goes to the stem
or stem comes back to the hold.
(Cf. chombo, and bandum, tumbo.}
Ng'amba, n. a kind of hawk's-head
turtle, from which tortoise shell is
procured. Piga (pindua) n. is used
to describe pouncing on a harmless
person and robbing him. Chuma
cha n., the shell. (Cf. Aasa.)
Ng'ambo, n. one of two opposite
sides or positions, the other side, the
farther side, e. g. of a river or creek.
; L> ya htikn, the near side, this
side. Ng'.ya pili, the other, further
side. (In Zanzibar city Ng'ambo is
the general name for all that part of
it, including several minor districts
(mitaa), which has grown up in the
last 40 years on the land side of the
creek which used to bound it.)
(Cf. Unguja, and perh. Ar. jamb,
side (of the body).)
Ngamia, n. ( ), a camel. Also,
a common term of abuse, like ngombc,
mbuzi, i. c. idiot, fool, the camel
being regarded as a type of stupidity.
(Camels are used in Z. only I
ing oil-mills, and imported for the
purpose.)
Ng'anda, n. ( ), a handful, as
much as can be held with the
esp. of something clinging < :
iug together, as ugali. (Cf.
1 ganda, or chonda, and dist. kofi,
konti, chofa.)
Ngano, n. ( ), (i) a story, a
Me ^cf. kisa t ha-
t, i.e. t: fl
Prov. amtkula ngano, he has eaten
wheat, i. e. (?) he has committed a
fatal error, he has done for himself.
(Cf. fcisa, hadithi, and for grain na-
faka.}
Ngao, n. ( ), (i) shield, buckler
(a) face, or front, of a house. Also
of the rear, n. ya nyuma, Kifua
cha n., a bosom like a shield, a
point of beauty. (Cf. kigao.}
Ngara, n. ( ), blossom (male) of
the Indian corn-plant (Sac.).
Ng'ara, v. also Ng'ala, Ng'aa,
and Angaa, shine, glitter, be bright.
(Cf. Cs. ngariza, and anga.)
Ngariba, n. ( ),one who circum-
cises, a professional circumciser.
(Cf. tahiri, ukumbi.)
Ng'ariza, v. Cs. of ngara, i. e.
make bright, cause to shine, &c.
Ngariza macho, glare with the eyes.
Ap. ngarizia, e. g. glare on (at,
with, &c.). Cs. ngarizisha, e. g.
make glare, glare fiercely. (Cf.
an fa, ng'aa, ng'aza.}
Ngawa, n. ( ), civet cat, i.e.
paka iv a zabadi. One of the few
wild animals left in Z. (with the pig,
monkey, and serval or leopard).
Umekaa kama ngawa, you live like a
wild creature. (Cf. ///, zabadi.}
-ngawa, used with person-pfxs. to
express 'though,' c. g. ///'.
though I am (was) ; i ngawa, though
it is (was). Wangawa -walikwcnda,
though they went. (Pres. Condit.
of -wo, v. Cf. -nga-) japo,kwamba.')
Ngaei, n. ( ), a ladder, set of
step, stain, i. e. ngazi ya kukwelta.
wea t daraja.)
Ngaaija, n. the Great Comoro
Island. omoro
man. Kingazija, the Comoro Ian*
g'oblTO, n. (), alio Mchiro,
a mangouste, mungoos.
-nge-, sign of the Prcs. (
Tense. See -nga-.
Nge, n. ( ), or Inge, a sc
Ngedele, n. a smal
Iso called tumbili, k\:
ima.)
NGEMA
280
NGONO
Ngema, a. often used in Z. for
njema, i.e. (i) the form of -etna
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6; (2)
without a noun, as common expression
of assent, good, very well, certainly,
like inshaliah, ewalla. (Cf. -etna.}
Ngeu, n. ( ), a line used by car-
penters for marking work, a ruddle,
so called from the red chalky earth
applied to make the mark.
Ngi, -ngi, n. and a., variants of
ungi, ivingi, -ingi, which are usual
in Z. See Ingi, &c.
Ngia, -ngine. See Ingia, -ingine.
Ngiri, n. ( ), wild boar, com-
monly nguruwe wa mwitu.
Ngizi, n. ( ), a kind of cuttle-fish.
Wino wa n., the dark fluid emitted.
Kifuu cha n., cuttle-fish bone.
Ng'oa, v. root up, dig out, tear
out, pull up. Ng'oa mti, root up a
tree. Ng'oa jino, extract a tooth.
Ng'oa macho, gouge out the eyes.
Ng'oa hema, strike a tent. Ngoa
safari, start on a journey,, Ps.
ng'oleiva. Nt. ngoka, e. g. moyo
ununingoka, my heart jumped into
my mouth. Ap. ngo-lea. (Cf.
fuktia, toa, ondoa.}
Ngoa, n. desire, passion, lust.
Timiza n., satisfy the passions. Tia
., weep for jealousy. (Cf. ha'wa,
shauko.}
Ng'oe, n. ( ), a forked stick or
pole, e.g. for gathering fruit, &c.
(Cf. ng'oa and kiopoe.)
Ng'ofu, n. ( ), roe of a fish.
Ngoja, v. wait, wait for, await,
stay for, remain. Ngoja mlango,
wait at a door, act as door-keeper.
Ningoje, wait for me, also ningojee.
Ap. ngoj-ea, -ewa, wait for (at, with,
&c.), be patient with, &c.,e.g. mngo-
jee bwana aje, wait for your master
to come. Cs. ngoj-eza, -ezwa,
e. g. keep waiting, delay, adjourn.
Rp. ngojana, e.g. wait for each other,
wait all together. (Cf. mngoje,
ngojo, kingojo, mngojczi. The n
sound is sometimes neglected, e. g.
mgoja mlango, a door-keeper.)
Ngojo, n. ( ), waiting-place,
station, post, period of waiting,
watch. (Cf. ngoja, kingojo, and
zamu, Undo.}
Ngoma, n. a drum. As the one
universal accompaniment of all merry-
making, and ceremonial, ngoma is
extended to include (i) any kind of
dance, (2) music in general. Piga
(chapua} ., beat a drum. Cheza
(ingia) n.^ join in a dance. N. ya
kuchcza, dancing for amusement. N.
ya kupunga (pepo}, dance for the
exorcizing of a spirit. Ngoma ikilia
sana, haikawii kupasuka, when a
drum sounds loud, it will soon break.
(Drums are of many sizes and patterns,
and these as well as the accompanying
dances and modes of beating vary
with every tribe, and with the different
occasions of their use. Cf. goma,
kigoma, and see tari, msapata, da-
ndalo, kiumbizi, msondo, vitmi, cha-
puo, kumbwaya, kitanga, kishina,
msoma, mganda. And for musical
instruments, kinanda, santuri, kinubi,
zeze, zomari, toazi, upato, kayamba,
panda, baragumu,filimbi?)
Ng'ombe, n. ( ), ox, cow, bull,
cattle. Defined as n. ndume (or, mak-
sat), ox, bullock; n. jike, cow; n.
fahali (pxfahali only), bull. Ndama
ya n., a calf. Kukatna ?/., to milk
a cow. Prov. wawili hula ng'ombe,
two can manage an ox. Dim.
kingombe. Also used as a term of
insult, idiot, blockhead, like ngamia,
mbuzi. (Cf. fahali, mtamba.}
Ngorne, n. ( ), fort, fortress,
stronghold, castle. (Cf. syn. gereza,
botna!}
Ng'onda, v. cure, of meat, fish,
&c., e.g. by cutting in strips, and
drying in the sun. Ps. ng'ondwa.
(There seems also to be a n. ng*onda,
tring onda, i.e. a strip or slice of
dried meat, fruit, &c.)
Ng'ong'o, n. plur. of ung'ong'o
(which see).
Ngono, n. ( ), and plur. oiugono,
(i) sleeping time, and so, night; (2)
NG'OO
281
NGTTVU
sleeping-turn, a wife's turn or time
for sleeping with her husband.
(Gona in cognate dialects means
sleep, v., but is not used in Z. Cf.
sinzia, /a/a.)
Ng'oo, int. also Nyoo, expressing
utter contempt, a contemptuous re-
fusal.
Ngozi, n. and Ngovi, skin, of any
animal, hide, leather. Chuna n.,
take off the skin, skin, flay. 7e-
ngeneza (fanyizd) ., tan hides.
(Govi also occurs, but in Z. in re-
stricted sense, in relation to circum-
, tohara.}
Ngumi, n. fist. Piga n., strike
with the fist, give a cuff to. (Cf.
syn. konde.)
Ngungwi, n. plur. or Nkungwi,
songs taught to boys, when circum-
cised ; also called malango. (Perh.
cf. kunga, kungwi.}
Nguo, n. ( ), (i) cloth, as ma-
terial, i.e. any woven fabric, of cotton,
flax, silk, &c., but commonly cotton
cloth, calico ; (a) a cloth, a piece of
cloth, for whatever purpose, e.g.
nguo ya rneza, a tablecloth ; nguo za
kitanda, bed clothes; nguo za ku-
ugulia, mourning; (3) clothes, a
garment of any kind. Vaa n., put
on clothes, dress oneself. Vika .,
clothe (another). Vua ., take oft
clothes, undress. Fuma ., weave
cloth. Tanda n., prepare the web
in weaving. Si/a ya nguo n:
the merit of a cloth is the (coloured,
:<lered) border. (Perh. cf.
uo, chuo. Various kinds of cloth are
known as nguo asiit, in comi
iceting,' nguo maradufu, grey
drilling. Amet -iioiiti, l;,iniki.btnatra %
hufhurungi, satini, gamti,
joho, n. i,shashi,6;
articles of dress cf. ( i ) for men,
kikoi, kantu, kisibau,futana, kitambi ,
kii'cniha, kofia, shuka, gwamba, joho t
soru<t.'; . for women,
. kangn, If so, kansu,
. dusamali, bar a boa, ukaya,
shela, &c.)
Nguri, n. a shoemaker's tool
Nguru, n. ( ), name of a fish,
of good quality for eating and often
of large size. (Cf. samafci.)
Nguruma, v. make a rumbling
or roaring noise, of any loud and
deep sound, e. g. roar of a lion,
thunder, roar, growl, rumble. (Cf.
follg. and vunia^)
Ngurumo, n. ( ), a loud roaring,
rumbling sound, growl. Leo kuna-
piga nguruniOj it is thundering to-
day. Mshindo iva ngurumo, a clap
of thunder, i.e. radi. (Cf. prec.)
Nguruwe, n. ( ), also Nguuwe,
Nguwe, a pig, hog, swine. N. iva
mivittt,*. wild pig. N.jikc,*. sow.
Nguruwe aendtalo, ndilo atcndalo*
what a pig goes for, that he does.
Also of a loose, immoral character,
yule nguruwe aliyetaka kufisidi
nyumba, that vile wretch, who wanted
to violate a home.
Nguruzi, n. See Nguzi.
Nguu, n. in the phrase r:
nguu. Kilio cha mwenda nguu, the
cry of one who utterly despairs, of
some irreparable calamity.
Nguva, n. ( ), a dugong, mana-
tee.
Nguvu, n. force, strength, power,
in general. Thus (i) strength of
body, muscular physical power,
strength of mind, or character, ability,
. or mere mechani-
:^t n force, impetus, \\
turn, solidity, stability, pressure; (a)
authority, supremacy, influence, im-
portance, weight, earnestnc-
exercise of force, compulsion.
( /a) ., strengthen, consolidate, csta-
1'anya (toa} n., use (pi
exert) strength, exercise at
Nen* la ., an effc*. < state-
ommand. Kwa nguvu^ (l)
by force (strength, al ;
&c.), (i
reluctantly, und
. against the wi.
.; nguvu t he consented under
pressure. (Cf. bidii, uwtzo.}
NGUZI
282
NINA
Nguzi, n. also Nguruzi, a hole
in the bottom of a boat or vessel, for
letting water out, i.e. tundu katika
mkuku.
Nguzo, n. ( ), (i) pillar, support-
ing column, post, prop, buttress, pali-
sade, pale, pole; (2) fig. assistance,
support, evidence, fundamental prin-
ciples. Forms of prayer are called
nguzo ya sola. Nguzo ya imani,
articles (pillars) of faith, creed. In
house-building nguzo are the poles
forming the sides and supporting the
roof. (Cf. kiguzo, and tegemeo.}
-ngwana, a. (same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), (i) of or belonging to
the status of a free man, as con-
trasted with a slave (mtumwa), and so
of a relatively high social grade, and
(2) civilized, educated, gentlemanly,
well-mannered. (Cf. ungwana.)
Ngwe, n. (perh. plur. of ugwe},
a measured plot, or patch of ground,
whether (i) a bed or row, of young
plants, &c., or (2) an allotment,
ground assigned for cultivation, or
for a task. (Cf. kuo, and perh.
^^gwe, of the line used in measuring.)
Ni is used simply as a copula,
without distinction of person or num-
ber, or definite indication of time,
though usually equivalent to the
present tense of the verb wa, i. e. I
am (was), you are (were), he (she, it)
is (was), we (you, they) are (were),
e.g. yeye ni inwema, he is a good man.
Ni him tu, it is just so. Nyumba
ni tupu, the house is empty.
Ni-, -ni,-ni-,as a formative prefix
(i) in verbs, is the pfx. of the i Pers
Sing, subjective and objective, I, me
"When subjective, it is sometimes n
or omitted altogether,e. g. ninapenda
I love ; nnaona, I see ; takwenda, I
will go. (2) in nouns, is suffixed to
form a locative case, meaning c in, at
to, from, into, near, by,' and used with
the prep, mwa, pa, kwa (and mw-,p~
kw-, as the prefix of the pronom. adj
agreeing with nouns in the locative
case), according as the reference is to
,) inside position, (b} place simply,
<c) environment generally, e.g. nyu-
nbani mwangu, in my house; sha-
rnbani pangu, at my estate ; kuangu-
kani kwangu, in my fall, as I fell. (3)
ni, is subjoined to verbs as a con-
tracted form of (a) nini? What? e.g.
kunani ? for kuna nini ? What is the
matter ? or (b) of ninyi, e. g. kwa-
herini, good-bye all of you ; twende
zetuni, come along all of you ; ame-
kupeni vingi, he has given you many
:hings.
*Nia, n. ( ), intention, purpose,
resolve, but extended to any mental
activity, and can be translated
' thought, idea, opinion^ mind, con-
science, heart, character,' &c. Nia
haikuwa moja, ndio usipate jambo,
your mind was not made up, so you
did not succeed. N. njema (swafi),
a good disposition. N.mbovu (batili),
bad thoughts (character, conscience).
v. have in mind, think of, purpose,
intend. (Ar. Cf. nut a, and syn.
kusudi, wazo, moyo, thamiri, mradi.}
*Nikahi, n. ( ), and Nikaha,
marriage, esp. with reference to for-
malities, ceremonial, &c., betrothal,
espousals, marriage settlement, e.g.
humfungia nikaha humwoza, he
makes a match for her, and gives her
in marriage. Akamwoa kwa nikaha,
and he married her in due form.
Fungisha n., perform the marriage
ceremony for. Sikiliza (shuhudia) n.,
attend (attest) a marriage, said of
the congregation present at the
mosque. (Ar. Cf. ndoa, harusi,
maossi.}
Nikali, Nili, verb-forms, and
am (was), -ni, pfx. of i Pers. Sing.,
ka connective, li in the sense of -wa,
v. Nikali nikienda, and I was on
the move. See -li.
*Nili, n. (), indigo, and esp.
blue, as used in washing. (Ar.)
Nina, n. (i) mother, -only in
poetry, and a few phrases in Z. (cf.
mama}. (2) verb-form, I have. See
Na.
NINQA
283
NNE
Ninga, n. ( \ a kind of green
dove. Used also as a woman's name.
Akakaa na Molawe, kama ninga na
utawi, and he rested with his God,
like a dove on a branch.
Ning'inia, v. or Nying'inia,
swav, swing, wave to and fro, dandle
(a child), rock, e. g. of trees, matawi
yaninginia, the bunches (of fruit)
swing to and fro on the tree. Cs.
ning'in-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. kitting'-
ina, and syn. wayawaya, yumba-
yumba?)
Nini, pron. interrog.what? often
subjoined to verbs in the contracted
form -ni. Wataka nini? \Vhat do
you want? la nini, kwa nini'
Why ? What for ? Kunani ? for kuna
nini? What is the matter ? Hujambo
nini? Are you well, (or) what?
(Cf. tt ant, lint.)
Ninyi, pron. of 3 Pers. Plur., also
Nyinyi, you, ye. Often subjoined to
verbs in the unreduplicated form -/',
e.g. H/ft?m, come , ye). Kwahcrini,
good-bye all of you. Ntakupigeni,
T will beat you. (Cf. -cnu, your,
as containing the same element.)
Nipe, for unife, give me, a Pers.
Sing. Imperative (or Subjunctive) of
Nipo, verb- form, I am here, ni,
person-pfx. of I Pers. Sing., and -/V,
adverbial of place. (Cf. hapo.}
*Nira, n. ( ), a yoke (for oxen).
(Ar.)
*Nih,n.( ),or Naahaa, starch.
t. syn. uwanga.}
*Njaa, n. ( ), hunger, cra\
food, lack of food, famine.
(naona} ., I am hungry. A'..
.V. inauma.
the pangs of hunger. Njaa ya Uo ni
shiba ya kcs/io, hunger to-day means
(i.e. hopes for) plenty to-morrow.
(Ar. Dist.yoa, dust-heap).
Nje, adv. outside, opp. to ndani.
a nje, external, outside, outer, out-
ward, outside of.
/>, outwardly, on
the outside.
Njema, a. also Ngema, an irregu-
lar form of -ema, good, agreeing \\ ith
D 4 (P), D 6, for ny-ema. Often as
an adv. in rejoinders, like vema, Good !
Very well ! Certainly ! (Cf. -cma,
ngcma.}
Njia, n. plur. used as sing. ( ),
(i) path, road, way, track; (2) way (or
means) of proceeding, method, means;
(3) progress, effect, influence. A', kit it,
highway. N. panda, a parting of
roads, cross*- ways. N. ya knkata,
a short cut. Mane no yenyi njia,
forcible (effective, practical) sug-
gestions. Njia ya mwongo fupi,
a liar's career is short. Njia mbili
zautniza, double courses bring pain.
(Cf. ja, v., and the Ap. form -jia,
also uj'ia, Aijia.}
Njiwa, n. ( ), a pigeon. N. wa
ffiwi/u, a wild pigeon. IV. >
a tame pigeon, i. e. brought from
Arabia and domesticated.
Manga.
Njombo, n. ( ), name of a !"ish,
baircd with black and yellow (Str.).
Njoo, Njooni, v., * Pers. Sing,
and IMur. Imperat. of -y'<z,comc, per-
haps the only really irregular forms
which arc invariably used in Swahili.
Other monosyllabic verbs as a iiile
use for Imperat. the Subjunct. form,
or else the Infm. form, and some-
times e for a in the plur., e.g. //,
eat, is used as an ImjKT.it., nml !cm\
eat, plur. So kunyu>a t an<l ;. .
Njoai, n. ( ), vision, apparition.
(Cf. ndoto, ota.}
Njuga, n. ( ), a small bell, worn
as an ornament, and at d
qpb.)
Njugu. n. ( ), ground mi?
varieties are (i) njugu mau<(.
1, and (a) " . soft.
*Njumu, n. used of orn.
work, done 1
with metal, brass naili, &c. A'asAa
kttbwa la njumn, a large chest orna-
mented with metal. (Hind.)
Nno, n. \s a n.
always a disyllabic, and pronounced
NOA 21
almost as inne\ but as an a. with
prefixes commonly heard as -ne only,
e.g. watoto wanne or wane. Nne
with D 4 (P), D 6. -a nne, fourth.
Kumi no. nne, fourteen. (Cf. Ar.
syn. droba, also often used.)
Noa, v. sharpen, make sharp, whet,
give an edge to, of metal tools,
weapons, knives, &c. Ps. nolewa.
Nt. noleka, e. g. take an edge, be
capable of taking an edge. Ap.
nolea, e. g. Jiwe la kun'olea, a whet-
stone. Cs. no-lesha, -leshwa. Rp.
noana. (Cf. kinoo, noleo, noo, and
dist. nyoa.}
-nofu, a., nofu with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6, lean, (of meat) i. e. all
flesh, no fat or bone, i. e. nyama
tupu. (Cf. mnofu.}
Nokoa, n. (ma-}, the second man
in authority over a plantation, under
the msimamizi, and over the kadamu,
sub-overseer, assistant.
Noleo, n. (ma~\ (i) any instru-
ment for sharpening, i. e. a whet-
stone, grindstone, strop, knife-shar-
pener, i. e. kitu cha kunolea (cf.
kinoo, nod] ; (2) a ferrule, metal ring
round the haft of a tool. (Cf. /<?/<?.)
Nona, v. get fat, usually of ani-
mals (ttenepa of man). Cs. non-
esha, -eshwa. (Cf. -nono, unono,
and -nene.}
Nondo, n. and Noondo, (i) a
kind of moth or grub ; (2) a kind of
serpent.
Nong'ona, v. whisper, speak under
one's breath (in a low tone). Cs.
nongon-eza, -ezwa, address in a whis-
per, whisper to, e. g. mnongoneze
baba yangu, whisper to my father.
Rp. nongonana, nong'onezana, \vhis-
per to each other. (Cf. mnongonezi,
mnongono, unongonezi.}
-nono, a. (nono with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), fat, sleek, plump, well
fed, of animals, &c. (-nene properly
of human beings) and things, e. g.
maisha nono, a life of luxury.
Ng^ombe wanono, fat cattle. Kinono,
a falling. (Cf. nona, unono.}
NUKTT
Noo, n. (ma-}, a large whetstone,
grindstone. See Noa, Kinoo.
Nso, n. ( ), and Inso, a kidney.
(Figo also sometimes used.)
Nta, n. ( ), and Inta, wax, bees-
wax, collected by natives from
mizinga (see Mzinga) and brought
to the coast.
*Nuia, v. also Nuya, have in
mind, consider, purpose, intend, form
a resolution. Ps. nuiwa. Ap.
nui-lia, -liwa, e. g. resolve as to,
form a good resolution about. Cs.
nui-za, -zwa, cause to have in mind,
remind, instruct. (Ar. Cf. nia.}
Nuka, v. (i) give out a smell,
have a smell, smell, but esp. (when
used alone) of a bad smell, stink;
(2) take into the nostrils, e.g. as
snuff. N. vizuri (vema), have a
pleasant smell. N. vibaya (or nuka
alone), have a bad smell. But nuka
is also used of a sweet smell, like
nukia, e.g. akinuka meski na am-
bari, (a person) smelling of musk
and ambergris, and with an objective
pers.-pfx., inaninuka ambari, I smell
ambergris. Tumbako ya ktmuka,
snuff. Nuka (usually nusa) tumbako,
take snuff, or, smell of tobacco.
Ap. nukia, have a sweet smell. Also
nuk-ilia, nuk-iliza, smell out, follow
by scent, e.g. mbwa hodari wa kunii-
kiliza, excellent sporting dogs, dogs
with a good sense of smell. Cs.
nusa, nukiza, use the sense of smell,
smell, smell out, and so of dogs
hunting, scent, follow by scent, and
of taking snuff. (Cf. follg. and
harufu, uvundo}
Nukato, n. (ma-*, anything having
a sweet smell, odour, perfume, scent.
(Cf. nuka, and see -to.)
*Nukta, n. a dot, point, mark,
spot, vowel sign (in Arabic writing),
mark of punctuation (comma, stop,
&c.) (Ar.)
*Nuku, v. for Nukulu, copy,
transcribe. n. (ma-}, a copy,
duplicate. (Ar. Cf. nakili, na-
kulu.}-
NUNA
285
NYA
Nuna, v. grumble, show dfscon-
tent, complain, be sullen, sulk. Xntia
uso, look discontented (sulky). Ap.
nun-ia, -iwa, be sulky about, com-
plain of (to, &c.). Cs. nun-isKa t
-ishwa, put in a bad temper, cause
to grumble, &c. Rp. nunana, sulk
together, complain of each other.
(Cf. nung'unika, guna t mnunaji,
mnuno?)
Nun da, n. a fierce animal, beast
of prey, used also to describe a
cruel bloodthirsty man. The semi-
wild town cats are sometimes called
nunda (tna-) y or mnunda (mi-).
Nundu, n. a hump, protuberance,
boss, lump, bump, esp. of the hump
of native cattle, which is considered
a delicacy. Achinjaye ngombe^ atoa
nundu, akampa jumbc, when a man
kills a bollock, he takes the hump
and presents it to the chief. Nundu-
tunundu, humpy,
lumpy. (Cf. Jkigongo.)
Nungunungu, n. (-), a porcu-
pine.
Nung'unika, v. murmur, grumble,
show discontent, complain. Ap.
nungunikia* grumble at (about, to,
&c.). (Cf. follg. and guna.)
Nung'uniko, n. (tna-\ grumbling,
murmuring, complaint. (Cf. prcc.)
Nunim. v. buy, purchase, bargain
about, make a bid for. I'
/iwa. Nt. nunulika. Aj
Ha, -/iwa, buy for (with, at, &c).
, be has had
an estate bought for him. Cs. nu-
nu-ut, -zwa, e.g. cause (pres-
persuade) t<> A/a (or
. buy jointly, combine to boy.
Ar. ivn. tabuni.)
naha, v. Cs., cause to shine,
make bright, give light to. (Ar.
tza, ngari:
*NK: . light, brightness,
..ike. bright (clear, in-
^)- Toa ., give 01
shine. I'sc ;>ressioa
or complexion, e. g. nuru za uso
zikampotea, he lost his happy ex-
pression. IVaanake hao nut it zao
sawasawa, these two women are
equally good-looking. (Ar. Cf.
mwanga, -weupe.)
Nusa, v. Cs. of Nuka (which
see).
*Nussu, n. ( ), and Nuss, a half,
a part, a portion, a bit. A'ussu may
denote any fraction of a whole.
A r ussu kidogo, a little bit. Kata
nussu nussu, cut in halves (pieces,
bits) . Gawa nussu kwa nussu .divide
in halves. Nussu . . . nussu, partly
. . . partly. (Cf. Ar. nisf, middle,
half.)
*Nu8ura, n. ( ), and Nusra, (i)
aid, assistance, help; (2) as an adv.,
almost, nearly, within a litt,
amcnitukatm ttusura knnipiga, he
abused me almost to the point of
striking me. (Ar. Cf. follg.)
*Nusuru, v. help, assist, defend,
preserve, esp. of God's help. Muit-
ngu ameninusuruj Clod hns helped
me. Tunusuru watitnnt'ti icako,
help us your servants. (A:
saulia.}
Nwa, Nweleo, N wewa, Nwesha.
See Nywa, Nyweleo, Sec.
Nwele, n. plur. of Unywele
(which see), hair.
Ny- : trie sound of ;ii in
the word (omf.misn, but sliglitly
thicker and more nasal (Str.), the
sound taken by n when a pfx.
a vowel (see N, IJ. (a), (3)), a:
occurring in many Sw.ihili words.
See follg.
Nya, v. As in other monosyllabic
verbs, th
is used tenses.
See Ku, i. (</). .caning
'discharge, emit, let fall, drop/ of
ig fluid or semi-fluid, but
1 almost entirely to the pas-
sage of excreta, and, when used alone,
.
use is as a neuter, oi
barged." Thus tuny a mavi
(damu), pass faeces (, blood).
NYAFUA
286
fcunya sana ho, it has rained a great
deal to-day. Mvua yanya, rain is
falling. Inakunya, it is raining.
Ps. nywa (see below). Ap. nyea,
e. g. aisifuye mvua, imemnyea, he
who praises rain has had it. Cs.
nyesha, (i) of rain, Muungu ame-
nyesha mvua nyingi, God has caused
much rain to fall, (a) e.g. nyesha
mtoto, attend to a child at stool.
2. Pass. The passive form -nywa
is the common word for ' drink,
absorb, suck up, exhaust, consume,'
either of liquids or figuratively of
other things, corresponding to -la,
eat. (Nyiua only retains a trace of
the vowel sound of y, and is often
heard and written as nwa.} Having
an active meaning, nywa has its own
passive and derivative verb-stems,
viz. Ps. nywewa, be drunk up, be
absorbed, dwindle, pine away, be
consumed, dissolve away, evaporate,
vanish. Nt. nyweka, e.g. (i) be
drunk up, &c. ; (2) be capable of
(fit for) being drunk, be good for
drinking purposes. Ap. nywea,
drink at (with, for, to, &c.), e.g.
kopo la kunywea, a mug to drink
with. Nywea salamu, drink to the
health of. Sometimes also nywea
for nywewa, e. g. killa siku mkewe
huzidi kunywea, every day his wife
got thinner. Nyama imenywea, the
meat has dried up (in cooking).
Cs. nywesha, nyweshwa, cause to
drink, furnish drink to, supply with
water, &c. (Cf. kinywa, kinywaji,
manyesi, manyunyo, nyweleo, and
for 'pour out' (a liquid), mimina,
mwaga.}
Nyafua, v. snatch off, tear off, bite
off, snap up, e. g. sitnba amemnyafua
ngfombe nyama, the lion has torn off
a piece of the bullock's flesh. (Cf.
follg., of which nyafua is perh. a
variant.)
Nyaka, Nyakua, v. catch in the
hands, snatch up, tweak, pluck with
the fingers, twitch, also filch, pilfer.
Derivatives not commonly used.
-NYAMAFU
nyaka, which is seldom used,
cf. daka, catch, e. g. a ball in
play.)
Nyala, Nyali, Nyalio, plurals
from ala ('Su-a/a^, wali, rice, and
walio (which see).
Nyama, n. ( , but see Mnyama),
(i) an animal, beast, brute, mostly
of the larger animals ; (2) flesh, meat ;
(3) body, substance, matter, chief
constituent, e.g. nyama ya mkate,
crumb as opp. to crust (of bread),
nyama ya embe, the flesh of a mango-
fruit, nyama ya roho, the material
part of the soul ; (4) fig. of a brutal,
stupid, degraded person. N. ya
mivitu, a wild animal. N. mkali
(mbuai}, a ferocious beast. Wewe
kisu, sisi nyama, you are the knife,
we are the animal, i.e. at your mercy.
In concords nyama is treated as D i
or D 6, e. g. wakaenda nyama zote,
all the animals went. (Cf. mnyama,
which seems only used when there is
special reason for distinguishing an
animal as a living creature. Also
perh. cf. ndama.}
*Nyamaa, v. be silent, stop talk-
ing, hold one's tongue, be (become)
quiet, die away, cease, be still, used
not only of talking and noise, but of
anything violent, troublesome, or
painful, e.g. of wind, bodily suffering,
&c., e. g. kichwa chaliniuma, sasa
kimenyamaa, my head was aching,
now it does not ache. Ap. nyama-
lia, e. g. be quiet to (for, in, &c.).
Cs. nyamaza, usually Intens.,i. e. keep
quiet, refrain from noise, repress one-
self, and in the Imperat., Silence!
Hold your tongue ! Hence nyamazia,
e. g. mama amemnyamazia mtoto, the
mother made the child quiet, and a
derived Cs. nyamaz-isha, -ishwa, re-
duce to silence, make quiet, calm,
still. (Ar. namas, cf. follg. and
kimya, tulia from tua.}
-nyamafu, a. same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6, silent, quiet, still, re-
ticent, reserved. Mtu mnyamafu, a
man who says very little, keeps to
NYAMBUA
287
NYEMELEA
himself. Party umafu, a quiet spot.
(Cf. nyamaa, and -tulivu.)
Nyambua, v. pull in pieces, tear
into bits, take off in strips, peel off.
imbuliwa. Nt. nyambuk'a,
come to pieces, fall into bits, be
peeled off, e.g. of over-ripe fruit, over-
cooked meat. (Cf. arnbua, and
nyumbua, nya/ua.)
Nyamgurni, n. ( ), a whale.
-nyangalika, a. used as an evasive
or contemptuous epithet of what is
difficult, impossible, or unfit to de-
scribe, a sort of a , a what-do-you-
call-it, a nondescript. Kitu kittya-
ngalika, a nondescript thing. Mnya-
ngalika gani huyu ' \Vhat sort of a
Nyang'amba, n. a sweetmeat.
Nyangauya, v. take by force,
steal, plunder, rob, with the thing
stolen, or person robbed, as object.
Ametnnyanganya malt, he has robbed
him of money. Alinyanganya yule
mtoto, he kidnapped that child, or,
he robbed that child. Ps. nya-
nganywa. Nt. nyanganyika. A p.
nyangany-ia , iwa. Cs. nyangany-
tsAa, -tsAwa. Kp. nyanganyana.
(Cf. mnyan^anyi, and iba, pokonya.)
Nyangwa, n. plur. of wartgwa.
( ), an ape, a baboon.
Nyanya, v. cause to be prominent,
protrude, put out, raise up. Aka-
nyanya mkono, akcuhukua upanga
tnrnoja, and he put out hi* hand, and
took one sword. n. (ma-) , tomato,
fruit of the! mnyiinya. (<
nyuka, and nyanyasa.)
Ny anyaaa, v. or Ny anyaza, tease,
molest, treat disrespet
rudely, hurt i of. (Not
a common word, pcrh. Cs. of tiyanya,
. sum fata, uthi, chokosa.)
Nyanyuka, v. U- j.r
ic rest, stick up, stick out.
Also pcrh. a variant of nyambuka
(which see . (Cf. inua, tokt~M } ont-
r<i.)
Nyara, n. plur. (i) booty, spoils,
plunder, persons or things, taken
by war or violence. Teka nyara,
take captive. (2^1 for nyala, plur.
of a/a (which see). (Cf. tcka,
mateka, and perh. Arab, ghara, raid,
plunder.
Nyaai, n. (ma-}, a reed, long
coarse grass. Also plur. of unyasi.
Nyata, v. go silently (quietly,
stealthily^, steal along, slink, skulk,
sneak, e. g. of a wild beast's stealthy
walk, or of a hunter stalking game.
A p. nyat-ia, -iwa, creep up to, steal
upon, stalk (of a hunter). (Cf.
nycrnelea, tambalia, gundulia.}
Nyati, n. ( ), the African buffalo,
and in Z. used of the Indian.
Nyauka. v. dry up, be withered,
shrivel, with heat, or drought. (Cf.
the more common kauka, anika,
anuka.)
Nyayo, n. plur. of uayo (which
see).
Nyea, v. cause a tickling or itching
sensation, tickle, itch. Upele unani-
nyea, the eruption itches.
nynva, be made to itch, be irritated,
tickled. (Cf. innyco, nyega, nyegi,
kinyefti, and syn. washa.}
-nyefu, a. (same with D 4 (P), D 5
(S), D 6\ moist, wet, damp, humid.
marshy, watery. Also -nyefunycfu.
i, nywa, mnyefu, and syn.
, che
n'ttuba, maj't, uloefu,
Nyega, v. cause to itch or tickle.
excite prurient desire. Cs. (intens.)
hwa, and 1
(Cf. nyta, and follg.)
NycK
tion, esp. of sexual cxcitemc
sire; and in animals, heat.
(Cf. prec.)
Nyele, n. j-lur. of :inyeU (which
see).
Nyoleo, n. (ma-), also unyeleo,
pore (of the skin). (Cf. nya^ v.,
Nyomelea, v. go quietly tij- to.
steal up to, c: talk (a wild
wa t e.g. be approached by
NYENJE
288
NYONDA
stealth, be taken by surprise. (? Cf.
nyamalia, nyatnaa.}
Nyenje, n. a kind of cricket.
Nyenya, v. talk a person into
telling, talk over, extort an admis-
sion from, extract news, pump with
questions. Ps. nyenyewa. Nt.
nyenyeka, be talked over, give way to
pressure, submit. See Nyenyekea.
Ap. nyenyeka, get at a secret, &c.,
whence nyenyeleza, introduce quietly,
slip in secretly. Cs. nyenyesha,
intens. Rp. nyenyana. (Cf.
follg.)
Nyenyekea, v. (strictly the Ap.
form of Nt. of nyenya}, act with sub-
mission (humility, reverence, respect)
towards, be polite (obsequious,
cringing, &c.) to, be humble, defer
to. E. g. kijana amenenyekea babaye t
the young man treated his father
with due deference. Vs.nyenyekewa.
Cs. nyenyek-esha, -eshwa, e. g. teach
humility to, humiliate, &c. (Cf.
nyenya, mnyenyekeo, and follg.)
Nyenzo, n. plur. of uenzo, wenzo
(which see).
Nyesi, n. (ma-}, excrement, dung,
urine, filth. (Cf. nya, kinyaa, and
syn. mavi, ukojo.}
Nyeta, v. be teasing (tiresome,
hard to please, unsatisfied, never con-
tent), be ill-mannered (disrespectful
arrogant), swagger. Ap. nyet-ea,
-ewa, e. g. be disrespectful to (about,
&c.). Cs. nyet-esha, -eshwa, e. g.
cause to be troublesome, impertinent
&c.
Nyie, pron. for ninyi-ye, you
( plur.), you there. (Cf. miye, weye.
and ye.}
Nyiga, n. (ma-} t a 'large wasp
a hornet.
Nyika, n. (ma-}, open, bare, tree-
less wilderness, open forest with high
grass, a barren, desolate region
contr. with mwitu, e. g. tukaendi
wee mwitu na nyika, mwitu nt
nyika, we went on and on, through
woods and wastes, forest and field
(Cf. poli, pululujangwa?)
Nyima. v. withhold (from), keep
ack (from), deprive, refuse, not
give, esp. of what is due, a person's
ight, e. g. wages, a debt. E. g.
yuna haki ya kupewa, lakini ame-
nnyima kasidi, he has a right to be
paid, but the other has kept it back
>urposely. Muungu hapi kwa mvua,
\anyimi kwa jua kali, God does not
jive by rain, or withhold by heat.
3 s. nyimwa. (Other deriv. rare.)
Cf. follg.)
Nyimi-nyimi, adv. in little bits,
jy beggarly scraps, with a grudging
hand. (Cf. prec.)
Nyingi, Nyingine, a. forms of
ingi, -ingine, agreeing with D 4
P), D 6.
Nying'inia, v. See Ning'inia.
Nyinyi, pron., same as ninyi
(which see), you (plur.).
Nyinyoro, n. a bulbous plant
which throws up a large head of
red flowers (Str.).
Nyoa, v. shave off, of hair only.
Ps. nyolewa. Ap. nyo-lea, -lewa,
e. g. uembe wa kunyolea nyele, a
razor to shave with. (Cf. kinyozi,
and perh. unyele, and nya, nyonyoa.}
-nyofu, a. (same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), (i) straight, extended,
stretched out; (2) usually fig.
straightforward, honest, upright,
trustworthy, e.g. mtu mnyofu, an
honourable man. Maneno manyofu,
plain, direct statement. (Cf.
nyoka, n. and v., nyosha.}
Nyoka, v. (i) become straight
(extended, laid out in a straight line),
be straightened ; (2) fig. be straight-
forward, be honest (practical, stead-
fast, effective), e. g. maneno ya ku-
nyoka. Cs. nyosha (which see).
(Cf. -nyofu, and follg.)
Nyoka, n. a serpent or snake of
any kind. There are not many
poisonous varieties in Z. Pythons
(chatu} are comparatively common.
(Cf. prec.)
Nyonda, n. plur. trial, testing,
proof, experiment. In Z. nyonja
NYONDO
NYOYA
(from onjd) would be more usual.
(Cf. onja,jaribu.)
Nyondo, n. See Nondb, Ny-
undo.
Nyonga, v. (i) twist, twist the
neck of, strangle, throttle ; (a) vex,
harass, worry; (3) as a neut., tuist.
wriggle, move from side to side.
Ps. nyong-iva. Ap. nyong-ea, -ewa.
Cs. nyong-tsha, -tshiva.
follg.)
(Cf.
Nyonga, n. plur. of unyonga, but
also used as a sing. n. ( ), the
hip, the part where the thigh (paji)
and flank (h'uno) meet. Uchungu
wa tntoto u katika nyongaya mam aye,
the trouble with a child is on the
mother's hip, native women often
^' a child astride on the hip.
(Cf. nyonga, v.)
-nyonge, a. (same with D 4 (P),
D 5 (S), D 6), of a low order (degree
i , low, mean, base, degraded,
servile, insignificant, vile. Lia ki-
nyongc, cry in a feeble helpless way.
(Cf. nyonga, unyongc, and syn. hafifu,
duni, -bay a, thaifu.)
Nyongeza, n. plur. of uongeza,
addition, appendix,
(Cf. ongfta.)
Nyongo, n. bile.
supplement.
Also some-
times as irrcg. plur. of tnwongo, as if
uongo, e. g. nyongoni mwa siku, in
course of ' (Cf. mwongo,
!>er, reckoning, decade.)
Nyongoa, v. straighten, stretch,
<><?, straighten one-
self, stiffen oneself, used of convul-
sive stretching. (-oa here seems
Kv.. 1 ik t - //,/. Cf. nyonga. an
Nyongonyea, v. be langi
weary, get slack and weak. ' (Cf.
nyonga, the termination perh. giving
. of leing untwisted, loosened,
n. Ugea.)
Nyonya, v.' suck the breast,
ild or animal
la mama, sack the mother's teat.
Ndugu -ca kunyonya, fo^ti :
mnyonya, a babe,
suckling. Cs. nyony-csha, -cshwa,
suckle, give suck to, put to the
breast.
Nyonyoa, v. pluck out hair (fea-
thers, wool, &c.), pluck a bird, shave
unskilfully(pulling instead of cutting).
Mninyonyoeni manyoya, pluck out
my feathers. Ps. nyonyolcwa, e. g.
ngozi ya kondoo, isiyonyonyolcwa
malaika, a sheepskin with the wool
on. Nt. nyonyoka, e. g. kima
amtnyonyoka manyoya pia, the mon-
key had all its hair plucked off.
Ap. nyonyo-lca, -lewa. Cs. nyonyo-
sha, used fig. nag, constantly harass,
worry, tease. (Cf. unyoya, and
Nyonyota, See Nyota.
Nyoo, int. See Ngoo.
Nyosha, v. Cs. Cf. nyoka, v.,
make straight, straighten, stretch,
extend, elongate.
Ap. nyosh-ca, -ewa.
Ps. nyosh-wa.
Rp. nyoshana.
Nyosha mkono, put out the hand.
Nyosha kamba, haul a rope tight.
Jinyosha, stretch oneself, take one's
ease, enjoy oneself, rest. So nyosha
ngongo, straighten the back, on com-
pletion of a job. (Cf. nyoka,
-nyofu.}
Nyota, n. ( ), a star. Nyota
haionckani mchana, a star is not
visible in daylight. Nysta-nyota,
or nyonyota, is used of a di
rain, lit. drops, droppings (cf. ma-
. In poetry nyota means
Irought, 1 i. c. kin.
ota.)
Nyote, a common contraction for
ninyi nyote, you all, all t>:
Cf. sott, for mi sote. .'
commonly for ' both of you (two).'
See -ote.
Nyoya, n. (ma-), also plur. of
Unyoya (which see), a hair, a
feather, a piece of wool, an n:
\oya is used gc
of the external covering, wool, hair,
, -of the bodies of birds and
animals, more particularly of the
(>ody feathers of birds (contr.
ubawa, mdawa, of the wing fc.r
NYOYO
290
NYUNYIZA
and of short hair in animals (cf. singa
of long hair), down, both of birds
and animals, being malaika. Nyele,
nyele za singa, is regularly used of
human hair. (Cf. nyoa, unyoya,
uoya, unyele?)
Nyoyo, n. plur. See Moyo.
Nyua, n. plur. of ua (which see).
Nyuki, n. ( ), a bee. Asaliya
nyuki, honey. Nyuki huenda na
maua yake, the bee goes with its
flowers. Fathili za nyuki ni moto,
a bee's thanks is fire, i.e. all the
thanks it gets.
Nyuma, adv. after, behind, (i)
of place, behind, at the back of,
whether (a) on the further side of,
beyond, or () after, in the rear of;
(2) of time, (a) hereafter, in the
future, () behind, in the past. For
the apparent vagueness of meaning
cf. mbele, in which also the meaning
is decided by the context and implied
mental attitude. Watu wabaya
ivataondoka nyuma yangu, may
mean ' bad people will rise up after
me ' (when I am gone, in the future,
if of time; or behind me, in my
rear, if of place). Mambo y a nyuma,
may mean (i) the future, mambo ya
baadaye, mambo ya mbele, or (2) the
past, mambo yaliyopita, yaliyokivisha
zamani, yaliyokuwa mbele. Cf.
baada ya nyie hakuna wangine ny-
uma yenu, after you there are none
coming after you, i.e. of greater
consequence than you, which might
also be expressed by mbele yenu.
Kudi n., go back. Kaa n., sit be-
hind. Huko n., often means ' mean-
while, to resume,' of returning to a
point in a story, -a nyuma, behind,
in the rear, in the past, in the future.
Nyuma ya, after, behind, in the rear
of, beyond. (Cf. kinyume, mbele,
baada, kabla!)
Nyuma, n. plur. of uma (which
see).
Nyumba, n. ( ), (i) a house,
properly of a native house, made
of poles, sticks, wattles, earth, grass,
&c., and called n. ya miti,ya udongo,
ya makuti,ya majani, &c., but ex-
tended also to a house of any kind, as
of masonry, n. ya mawe, or of corru-
gated iron, n. ya mabati, &c., also
called jumba (ma-}. Also some-
times of structures made by animals,
birds' nests, lairs, burrows, more
commonly called tundu, kittindu;
and fig. of objects resembling a house,
e. g. nyumba ya randa, the stock
of a plane. (2) household, but
this is more commonly watu wa
nyumbani, or simply nytimbani, as
in the polite inquiry, Hujambo (tt
halt gani} nyrimbani ? I hope your
family are well? Prov. nyumba
kuu haina nafasi, a great house has
little room. Nyumba ya udongo
haihimili kishindo, a house of earth
cannot stand a shock. (For words
connected with house-building, &c.,
cf. jenga^ aka, (materials) mti,
udongo, kombamoyo, ufito, kamba,
nguzo, mwamba, bati, jiwe, chokaa,
tufali, (roof, roofing) paa, kipaa,
kuti, jani, ezeka. And with ny-
umba, cf. jumba, kijumba, chumba,
mchumba, kinyumba, and umba.)
Nyumbo, Nyumba, n. ( ), name
of an antelope (wildebeest, or gnu,
Str.). Used in Z. of the mule, also
called baghala (which see).
Nyumbua, v. used of handling
a flexible, elastic, adhesive substance,
bend, draw out, stretch, manipulate
without breaking. Nt. nyumbuka,
be flexible (elastic, bend, yield to
pressure) without breaking. (Cf.
pinda, kunja?)
Nyundo, n. ( ), a hammer.
(Cf. unda, mwunzi^)
Nyungu-nyungu, n. ulcerous
cracks or sores on the feet, between
the toes, &c. Miguu yangu ime-
fanya nyungu-nyungu kwa jasho,
my feet are ulcerated with the heat.
Also a name of a worm.
Nyunyiza, v. sprinkle. Ps.
nyunyizvaa. Ap. nyunyiz-ia, -iwa.
Cs. nyunyit-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
NYUNYO
201
nyunyizana. (Cf. manyunyo, and
perh. chunyu, nya. Also mimina,
mvoaga, rasht.}
N7unyo, n. mostly used in plur.
form manyunyo, sprinkled liquid,
sprinklings, drizzle, light rain. (Cf.
prec. and marashi.)
Nyushi, Nyuta, n. See Ushi,
Uta.
Nywa, Nywea, Nywesha, v.
See Nya.
Nyweleo, n. (ma-), also Nyeleo,
pore, of the skin. (Cf. nya t
nywa, and kinwilto?)
Nzi, n. (mainzf), a fly (insect).
See Inzi.
Nzige, n. ( ), a locust.
O.
O, A. As a sound, represents
the open vowel o sound, as in Italian
and other continental languages, which
would be written aw in English, or
or with the r smooth, not trilled.
The English closed vowel sound, as
in no, is hardly pronounceable by a
native.
When unaccented, the o retains the
same difference in a less degree. The
short o sound in English not would
be represented by a Swahili as nart,
not as nort. The o in Swahili words
most always be uttered with the li]>s
open, never with a w sound at the
-. like owe.
and U are often not clearly
tied in Swahili, espt
When unaccented, and in words of
Arab or foreign origin, perhaps partly
under the influence of Arabic.
has one vowel sign for both. In some
words o and u coalesce. Thus ao
and au represent equally well common
of the adverb meaning
' or/ A'uoga, kuota become kwoga,
kwota, and toga, kota ; ku-ott becomes
kwote and kote ; an-
oga.
vcly few Swahili
begin with o.
rcfixcs, and also alone.
as a suffix, ~o is the sound character-
istic of the relative pronoun, 'who,
which.' It is used in combination
with the appropriate declension prefix
of the noun referred to, e.g. wo,yo, /o,
zo, cho, vyo,po, Jto, rno, but the simple
-o is capable of being substituted for
any of these, except in the few phrases
when these relative forms are used as
separate words, not affixed to a verb-
form, e.g. lo lote, vyo vyote, &c., e. g.
kiwe cho chote. The only exception
is that e or ye is almost always used
for o, to agree with the Personal
Pronouns in the singular number,
and with D i (S), e.g. mtu aliye
mwcma, a man who is good ; mimi
nipcndaye ndizi, I who am fond of
bananas.
The above relative forms cannot as
a rule bear the accent, and therefore
in verbs can only follow tense signs
capable of bearing an accent (i.e.
na,ja, It, -ka, not /a, me, &c.).
These forms are sometimes affixed
to the adj. -ingine, somewhat general-
izing the meaning, e.g. vitu vingi-
ntyyo, any other sorts of thi;
pangitupo, elsewhere, in some (any)
other place (cf. -mojawapo).
An independent (uncombined) rela-
tive form is made, regularly in Mom-
basa and i-! .:t seldom in /.,
by affixing tin- above forms to the
root antoa, with or without kwamba
following, e.g. kitu ambacho (or,
ho kwamba) nakipcnd
I like, and so ambaye, ambato,
ambalo, &c. See Ajuba.
(a) Connected with the o^i rela'
is the o of r >ccurs (a)
in or.
:tyo, huo, hiyo, hicho, hao,
c pronoun of rcl.f
ness or r< :
already mcntionetl or rcferrctl to,
that in question,' and m adverbs, &c,
. huko, kapo\ (o) in
v be
regarded a> a sh'-rtcn-d Imtn of thr
above demonstra : re-
I
OA
202
OKOA
ference, e. g.yunaye foryu nayeye, he
is, zinazo for zi na hizo, they are, &c.
(3) -o is subjoined to nouns some-
times as an abbreviated form of wao,
wako, e. g. wenzio for wenzi wao,
their companions.
Oa, v. take a wife, marry a wife,
of the man only. Ps. oaiva (seldom
used), be married, of the man only.
Also Ps. olewa, be married, of the
woman only. Nt. oleka, of the wo-
man only, be married, be marriage-
able. Ap. olea, olewa, marry with
(for, at, in, &c.), e.g. of gifts, acces-
sories, place, &c. for marrying.
Cs. oza (also oaza), ozwa, cause (per-
suade, allow) to marry, perform the
ceremony of marriage. Used of pa-
rents, friends concerned, persons as-
sisting, the official, &c., and even of
the bridegroom, ' get for wife, take in
marriage' (cf. zika, zisha). Hence
Ap. ozea, ozewa, and ozelea, marry to
(with, at, &c.). Hence ozesha, oze-
skwa, e.g. uniozeshe mtoto wako,
allow me to marry your daughter.
Rp. oana, of the couple marrying,
and of intermarriage generally, of
families, tribes, &c. (Cf. ndoa, ha-
rusi, a.ndposa,poza, and dist. oza, v.)
*Ofsa, n. {via-}, also obsa, hobsa,
afsa, officer, i. e. the English word as
pronounced by a native. So 6fis, for
office.
Oga, (i) v. bathe, wash the whole
body, take a bath. Koga is often
used as the root (i.e. ku-oga, see
Ku-), and distinguishes the verb from
oga, fear. .Ap. ogea, ogewa, e.g.
maji ya kuogea, water to bathe with,
and cf. pakuogea, a bathing-place, a
bath-room, chakuogea, a vessel to
bathe in, a bath, i.e. of the European
kind, otherwise kiogeo, Iririka (and
cf. hamantu). Hence a further Ap.
ogelea, ogelewa, ogeleka, used esp. of
swimming, with a Cs. ogel-eza, -esha,
-ezwa, make (cause, teach) to swim.
Ogelesha vyombo, swim boats, as
children do. Sometimesa/<?5^a. Hapa-
ogeleki, you cannot swim here. Mw-
ogehshepunda, make the donkey swim
across. Cs. ogesha, ogeshwa, e. g.
take (send, order) to bathe, and osha,
oshwa (which see). Rp. ogana, e.g.
all bathe- together.
Oga, (2) v. fear, be afraid, be timid,
be cowardly. Derivative stems ogwa,
ogeka, ogea, ogewa, ogesha, ogana,
seldom if ever heard, their place
being supplied by ogopa, ogofya, &c.
(See follg., and cf. hofu, tisha, stuka,
-cha, v. As contrasted with hofu,
oga refers more to the character and
disposition, the mental attitude, hofu,
to its direction and object, esp. appre-
hension of the future.)
-oga, a. cowardly, timid, nervous,
easily frightened. Sometimes also as
n. for woga (uoga) (which see).
(Cf. oga, v. fear, and follg.)
Ogofisha, Ogofya, v. both used
as Cs. of ogopa (which see), frighten,
terrify, alarm, threaten, menace.
Ogofya, ogofyo (and mwogofyo,
uogofyo}, is also a n. generally used
in the plur. maogofya, menace, threat,
denunciation. (Cf. oga, ogopa, and
syn. kamia, hqfisha, tisha?)
Ogopa, v. be afraid (of), fear, feel
fear. Ps. ogopwa. Ap. ogop-ea,
-ewa, e. g. akuta unyongt kwa ku-
ogopea roho, he gets disgrace because
of being afraid for his life. Cs.
ogof-isha,-ishwa, ogofya, i.e. frighten,
terrify, threaten, menace. (For in-
terchange of/ and p see F, and cf.
gomba, ugomvi, iba, mwivi. Foiya,
as a Cs. form, cf. pona, ponya, and
ya. Also cf. oga (2), and note.)
Oka, v. roast, toast, bake, i. e. pre-
pare by applying fire only, not with
water. Of pottery, burn, bake. Ps.
okwa. Nt. okeka. Ap. okea,
okewa, and okelea. Cs. okesha,
okeshwa. (Cl.joko, and for cook-
ing pika, choma, kaanga.}
Okoa, v. save, rescue, deliver,
preserve. Ps. okolewa. Nt.okoka.
Ap. oko-lea, -lewa. Cs. oko-za, -zwa,
intens. e.g. exert oneself to save,
rescue, &c. Rp. okoana. (Cf.
OKOTA
293
ONA
wokovu, mwokozi, maokozi, also opo& t
pona. Kr. connects it with oka, as a
Rv. take off the fire, i. e. at the right
time, keep safe and sound.)
Okota, v. (i) pick up, take up
with fingers, hand, &c. ; (a) light
upon, come across, find by chance,
get without exertion or anticipation
E.g. of fishing, wakiokota ngitva,
hugawana, if they come across a
dugong, they divide it. Ps. okot-wa.
Nt. okoteka, e. g. inaji ikimwagika
haiokoteki, spilt water cannot be
picked up. A.p.otot-ea,-ewa. Cs.
okot-esha, -eshwa. Rp. okotana
(Cf. syn. zoo, but a, vumbua, pata,
and perh. okoa.}
Ole, n. (no plur., but treated as
D 4 (S), wole, i.e. uole), usually
with a pron. adj. as an exclamation
of woe or pity, i. e. oU wangu ! woe-
is me ! oU wao ! how sad for them !
Also mwenyi ole, a melancholy, sad,
despondent person.
Olosha, v. also Oleza, shortened
Cs. of oga t for ogelesha. See
Oga (i).
Olewa, v. Ps. of oa (which see),
be married.
Oleza.v. and Oleleza, make straight
(even, level) with, and so, follow a
pattern, copy, imitate. Oleza kitu na
kitu x.- ;.c one thing lik'-
another. (Cf.kioleto. Not a usual
word in Z. Ci.fuatisha, linganisha,
:awazisha, iga.)
Oraba, v. beg (of), be a beggar,
pray (to), request, a&k (of), with
cither person asked, or thing asked,
as object, or both. Thus omba mtu,
.vk a person. Omba mtu kitu, ask
a person for a thing. Also omba kitu
v.ask a thing of a pers
nimeomba nguo Itwa bwana, I asked
my master for clothes (cf. ombea).
Ndivyo tuombavyo, so we pray, a
common rejoinder on hearing good
Ps. ombwa. Nt cmtxka,
e. g. be asked, be a proper request.
Ap. omb-ca, -eiva, usually in a re*
stricted sense, e. g. ask on behalf of,
plead for, intercede for, or petition
against, rather than ask for (i. e. to
have) or ask of (i. e. from). Thus
kumwombea kwa Muungu, to inter-
cede for him with God, is more usual
than kuombea baraka za Muungu,
ask for God's blessing, or simply
kuombea Muungu, pray to God.
Cs. omb-esha (ombeza}, -eshwa, e. g.
cause to beg, instruct in prayers, &c.
Kp. ombana. (Cf. rnwombi, nt-vo-
mbaji, maombi, mwombezi, uombezi,
also syn. salt, sihi, uliza. In sali
(said), however, the outward form
(ceremonial, ritual) of praying is the
prominent idea, in omba, the object
in view, in sihi, the praying itself as
an expression of felt need, an urgent
apj eal. Uliza, is ' inquire of, or for ').
Omboleza, v. bewail, lament, in
a ceremonial way. Used of formal
chanting of dirges, &c. (Cf. mao-
mbolezo, matanga, and perh. omba.}
Omo, n. (ma-}, forepart of ship,
bows, prow, also called gubeti.
Pepoza omo, winds that carry K
a wind astern, a fair wind. (Cf.
mdomo, mwomo, do mo.}
Omoa, v. (i) dig up, dig out,
break up, e. g. of breaking up soil
with crowbars, &c. ; (a) fig. disturb,
weaken, cause trouble in, make con-
fusion ; (3) bring to light,
show, begin, set on foot. E. g. omoa
udongo, break up earth. Omoa vita,
bring about a war. Ps. onwlema^
e. g. mti huomolewa na tunda zake t
if a tree is dug up, so arc r - funts.
Nt. omoka. Ap. omo-Ua, -Itwa.
Cs. omo- * ha, -shwa. Rp. omoana.
(Not often heard in Z. Cf. chimbua,
iekua, vumbua, and perh.
umua.}
Ona. v. used of any mode
by the senses or the
and hence with a wide range of mean-
ings, viz. i. of the senses, (ij of
i 'na alone and uiuju.il:
context usually m- .th the
eyes, as contr. with other sens
knsikia si kuona, heating is ;.
ONA
294
ONDOA
same as seeing. Ona (Imperat.),
look, use your eyes (contr. tazatna,
fix your gaze upon, contemplate,
angalia, observe, attend to). By a
curious inversion, ona also is used for
' be transparent/ e. g. nguo hiiinaona,
this calico is transparent, i. e. one can
see through it, it sees. (2) of the
other senses, e.g. naona kishindo, I
hear a noise. Naona harufu, I smell
a smell. Naona mti hnu mgumu, I
feel this wood is hard. Naona uta-
mu wake, I taste its flavour. Naona
kitt (njaa), I am thirsty (hungry).
(3) get to see, come on, find (cf. follg.}.
2. of mental perception, of all kinds,
(i) of feelings, very commonly with
a defining noun, e. g. ona kiburi (hu-
ruma, hasira, tiwivu,furaha, haya,
mashaka, huzuni, &c.), I feel pride
(pity, anger, jealousy, joy, shame,
doubt, sorrow, &c.). (2) of other
mental faculties, observe, think, be
of opinion, notice, discern, judge,
consider, expect, fancy, imagine. E.g.
naona, very commonly alone, I
think so, certainly, probably, possibly,
it is likely, perhaps. Naona nyani
kusema, I observe an ape speaking.
Naona utaona ajabu kuona barua
hii, I think you will feel surprise at
seeing this letter. Ps. omva, of all
the senses of the Act. Nt. oneka,
e. g. (i) be seen-, &c. ; (2) be per-
ceptible (visible, audible, tangible,
&c.) So onekana, i. e. come into
view, become visible, be apparent,
be perceptible, appear, appear like
(as if), seem to be. Rf. jiona,
(i) feel oneself, e.g. najiona nipo
kwetu, I feel myself quite at home,
I am quite at my ease ; (2) common-
ly of affectation, self-conscious pride,
&c., i. e. be conceited (arrogant
ostentatious, affected), e. g. anajiona
he is conceited, proud of himself
showing off. Ap. on-ea, -ewa, e. g
(i) see, feel, &c. with (for, at, by
in, against, &c.), e.g. natakakuji-
onea, I want to see for myself
Namwonea chuki, I am offended with
lim. Usimwonee makosa, do not visit
lis errors upon him. (2) commonly
ised alone in the restricted sense
of an active expression of ill-feeling
igainst, i. e. ill-treat, harass, per-
secute, oppress. Wale ndugu waka-
mwonea Siyalela, the sisters were
lard on Cinderella. So also in Ps.
<newa, be ill-treated, persecuted.
Hence also a Rp. oneana, tease each
other, as well as ' feel towards each
other,' and a further Ap. verb-stem
me-lea, -lewa, in the simpler sense
feel towards.' Cs. (a) any a, Ps.
onywa, (i) cause to see, show, dis-
play, e. g. nalimwonya nj'ia, I showed
lim the road; (2) warn, admonish, re-
prove, nikamwonya asiende, I warned
trim not to go. Onya-onya fava
mikono, gesticulate. Hence onyeka,
nd onyekea, e. g. nimemwonya, lakini
hakuoneka, I warned him, but he
was incapable of taking a warn-
ing. () ony-esha, -eshwa, show,
point out, demonstrate, make clear
(for the simple onesha, which seems
never used, though formed from
any a}. Hence onyesh-ea, -ewa, e.g.
(pass.) have a thing shown to one.
Also onyana, of mutual warning.
Rp. onana, see each other, often
of friendly meetings, cf. onana uso
kwa uso, meet face to face ; kwaheri
ya kuonana, good-bye till we meet
again. (Cf. tazatna, sikia, angalia,
and mboni, oneo, onefu.}
Ondoa, v. (i) start off, set going
off; (2) take (put, send, move) away,
remove, take out of the way, set
aside, dismiss; (3) do away with,
abolish, finish off, conclude. Unio-
ndoe nisimame, start me (help me) to
get up. Akili nyingi huondoa maari-
fa. Over-cleverness overrides pru-
dence, wits are not wisdom. Daraka
ya kuondoa na kuweka, responsibility
for removing or establishing. Ondoa
nathari (ahadf], fulfil a vow, dis-
charge a promise. Ondoa matanga,
bring funeral ceremonies to an end.
Ondoa thambi, remit sin. Ps. ondo-
ONDOKEO
295
ONGOA
lewa. Nt. ondoka, e.g. (i) go
away, make a move, get out of the
way, start off, set out (on a journey),
depart, withdraw, retire ; (2) rise up,
get up, stand upright (as the first
step to going off, &c.), e.g. often in
beginning a story, paliondoka (or
paliondokeci) mtu, a man went (be-
gan, made a start). Ondoka mbele
yangu, get out of my way. Ondoka
kalika ulimwengu, depart from this
world, die. Aliku-wa amelala, a-
kaondoka anaketi, he was lying pros-
trate, but he rose (made a move) and
sits up. Hence ondok-ea, -cwa, (i)
make a move for (against, at, with,
&c.), get out of the way of, esp. of
rising up before, as a sign of respect,
e.g. haondokcwi, no respect is shown
him ; also (a) rise up, swell, protrude,
stand out, become prominent, e.g.
maziwa yaanza kunnaondokea y her
breasts begin to 1 1 cnce a
further Ap. form vndokel-ea, -twa, e. g.
rise up and leave a place, and ondo-
keana. A p. ondo-Ua, -tewa, e. g.
send (take, put) away for (by, with,
at, .&c.), i. e. remove from, deprive
: of, condone, forgive, &c.
Ondolea heshima, disgrace, degrade.
Ond. mashaka, rid of difficulties.
Ond. huzuni, comfort, cheer. Ond.
thambi, absolve from sin. Ond.
hatiya, acquit, &c. Rp. ondoleana,
ondoana. Cs. ondo-sha, -shwa,
intens. send off, despatch, dismiss,
cause to go away, do away with.
Ondotha nanga, get up an anchor
(commonly ngoa). Ondosha tnlu-
tnisAi, dismiss a servant, or despatch
on an errand. (Cf. ton.
twaa, in various senses, and ma-
ondokeo, maondoUo, and follg.)
Omlokeo, n. (ma~) t departure, &c.
More usual i Cf. prec.)
Ondoleo, n. (ma-), removal, &c.
More i. Cf. ondoa.}
Onefu, n. (ma~\ ill-fccling fc un-
kindncss. (Cf. ona, onto.")
Oneo, n. (ma-), unki.
persecution.
Ongea, n. only used in Z. in the
sense, spend time, talk, gossip, idle,
converse, pass time, waste time. No
derivative stems in use. (Cf. ma-
ongezi, ongcza, and syn. sunguwza,
semczana,pisha wakati.}
Ongeza, v. Cs. increase, add to,
make greater, multiply, magnify, en-
large. Ongeza maneno, make a
lengthy (or, additional) speech.
Ong. urefu, lengthen. Ps. ongez-
wa. Nt. ongczeka, e. g. be added
to, increase, multiply. Ap. ongez-
ea t -ewa, e.g. tumeongezewa >
we have had our loads added to.
Rp. ongezana. (Cf. maongczo,
nyongeza, and equally common Ar.
syn. zidisha, ztdi.}
Ongezo, n. (ma-). See more com-
mon (plur.) Maongezo.
Ongo, n. (ma-), only in plur.
maongo, sometimes used for ' the back,
back part ' (of man or animals). (Cf.
more usu. rngongo,&t\d i*ngo t inc.
-ongo, a. lying, false, pretended,
sham, deceitful, but -a uongo is the
form commonly used of things. (Cf.
mwongo of persons, uongo, and perh.
follg.)
Ongoa, v. cause to go right, guide,
lead, set right, reform, correct, con-
vert, make successful, prosper.
Ongoa ntloto, give a child a good
training. Usettie naye hatta -
mwongot, talk to him till you <
him. Ongoa mUle, lead 1.
Ongoa njt'a, make the road straight,
take a straight course on. Uongo
kattongoi, a lie does not pay. is
ongoUu & be-
.:. be set right, be well
prosper, I* Ixj con-
vilimo havikw
ngoka^ their .plantings dul i
out well. Ongoka moyo, become a
reformed character i ngoka,
the pole has become straight, is
rtajgfflt Hcnceo*^*-^,-^:^
mwaka huu wot* wamtongokewa,
this year people have been prosperous
(cf. faniliwa). Qngokta Muungn,
-ONGOFU
2Q6
OTA
be turned (directed) to God. Ap.
cngo-ka, -lew a, cngoea, e. g. ongolea
mtoto, get a child to be tractable.
Mtningu amemwongolea kazi, God
has granted success to his labours.
Cs. ongo-za, -zwa, intens. make go
right, drive forward, carry on vigor-
ously. Ongoza kazi, do good work.
Ongoza maneno, give a good turn to
a discussion, clear up a statement.
Ongoza kuku, drive fowls along a
road. Hence ongozana, e.g. ng'o-
mbe zimeongozana, the cattle have
worked their way on. Rp. ongo-
ana. (Cf. mwongozi, kiongozi,
-ongofu, and perh. ongea, and even
-ongo, of which ongoa is possibly Rv.,
i. e. turn from wrong.
-ongofu, a. one who is set right,
reformed, converted, well-conducted,
well-trained, successful. (Cf. prec.)
Onja, v. (i) taste, take a taste of;
(2) try, test, examine. E.g. onja
uone, tasteand see, if athingisgood.
Onja mitego, inspect traps. Ps.
onjwa. Nt. onjeka. Ap. oty'-ea,
-eu>a, e. g. mwiko wa kuonjea asali,
a spoon to taste the honey with. Cs.
onj-esha, -eshwa. Rp. onjana.
(Cf. maonji, tnwonjo, kionja, nyonda,
andjariou.)
Opoa, v. (i)take (fetch, pull, draw)
out; (2) fig. save, rescue, deliver. E.g.
opoa ndoo kisimani, fish up a bucket
out of a well. Opoa sumu, get poison
out of the system, by medicine. Ps.
opolewa. Nt. opoka, e. g. be saved
(rescued, cured). Ap. opo-lea, -lewa,
e. g. chuma cha kuopolea, an iron
hook (to pull with). Hence opol-eza,
ezwa. Cs. opo-sha, -shwa. Rp.
opoana. (Cf. kiopoo, and okoa,
toa, pona.)
*Orofa, n. ( , and ma-\ also
Ghdrofa, upper room, upper floor
(story, flat) of a house. Nyumba ya
orofa tatu, a house with three upper
rooms (or, stories). (\rob.gh6rofa,
cf. chuniba, dart, tabaka,juu.)
-ororo, a. (nyororo with D 4 (P),
D 6,jororo with D 5 (S)) , soft, smooth ,
velvety, tender. Nguo nyororo, a soft
fabric. Godoro jororo, a soft mat-
tress. Mwili mwororo, soft flesh.
(Cf. faint, -anana, contr. -gumu,
hard.)
Osha, v. Cs. of oga (see Oga,
Ogesha), wash, the most general
term for washing anything, but for
special kinds of washing see Fua
(' beat,' of clothes), Nawa, Tawaza.
Osha nguo, wash clothes (cf. josho,
mwosho). Osha mwili (tnaiti), wash
the body (a dead body). Ps.
oshiva. Nt. osheka, e.g. be washed,
be washable, stand washing. Nguo
za kuosheka, a good washing stuff.
Ap. oshea, oshewa, e. g. unioshee
nguo, wash my clothes for me. Mahali
pa kuoshewa maiti, a place for wash-
ing corpses. Cs. osheza, oshezwa.
Rp. oshana. (Cf. oga, &c., and
see above.)
*Osia, v. also TJsia, and "Wosia
(which see). (Ar.)
Ota, v. There appear to be three
distinct verbs in this form, all com-
mon in restricted senses, and each
with similar derived stems, viz. i.
grow, sprout, spring up, usually of
vegetable life, or of growth resembling
it, e. g. of nails, hair, &c. (So also
tnea, but of animal growth usually
kua.) E. g. mihindi inaota, the
maize is springing up. Simba huota
nyele za shingo, lions grow manes,
i. e. ota, in a semi-active sense. Hence
Ap. otea, Cs. oteska, oteshwa, e. g.
cherish, tend, rear. (Cf. otea, and
? woto, vegetation, plant-life.) 2.
(a) dream, have a dream ; (b) be in
a dreamy, dozing state, be half awake,
be silly, often with ndoto following.
Derivs. as above. Rp. otana, dream
about each other (cf. ndoto}. 3. sit
by (in, for), squat down at, often
with jua, i. e. bask in the sun, or
moto, sit close to a fire, warm one-
self. Ap/ otea, o/ewa, like ota,
and also esp. lie in wait, form an
ambush, look out for. (Cf. "i oteo, an
ambush, and otama, and perh. moto.
OTAMA
207
PA-
For sitting generally, kaa kitako,
keti.}
Otama, v. squat, sit. (Seldom in
Z. Cf. ota, 3, and perh. atamia.)
-ote, a. all, all the, the whole (of).
Like the a. -tnyi, -enyewe, -ingine,
and sometimes -etna, -ote follows the
so-called pronominal and demonstra-
tive adjectives as to forms of agree-
ment with nouns, i.e. -wote,yote, zote,
chote, pote, &c. (cf. huyu, and -angu},
except that yote is the form agreeing
with I ) i (S). -ote also takes the forms
sole, nyote when associated with the
pronouns sisi, ninyi. Nyumba yote, all
the house, the whole house. Nyumba
sole,3\\ the houses, -ote is generalized
by combination with a corresponding
separate relative form, e.g. mtu yc
yote, any man whatever. \\\itu -co
ivote, neno lo fate, &c. (cf. away e yote,
kiwacho chote). 'All,' in the sense of
' every individual,' is denoted by -ote
-moja-moja, e.g. ~<itu vyote kimoja-
kimoja, everything singly. (Cf.
-
Oteo, n. (ma-}, (i) growth, shoot,
sprout (cf. ota, i) ; (2) ? ambush,
in wait (cf. ota, 3).
-ovu, a. bad, usually in a moral
sense, wrong, unprincipled, wicked,
evil. If required to agree with nouns
not of D i, then usually -a uovu,
c. g. nyumba sa uovu, wicked houses,
not nyumba ovu. Merna na tnaovu
ndio ulimwengu, the world is a mix-
ture of good and bad. Contr. -bovu,
apparently from the same root, but
of physical condition, e. g. nyumba
mbovu, dilapidated house*. Also
cf. -baya, which includes the
ings of -ovu and -bovu. (Cf.
and pcrh. oza, ovyo.}
Ovyo, n. and adv., trash, useless
articles, rubbish, what is common
and valueless. As adv. .-.
recklessly, haphazard, at random,
extravagantly, foolishly. M panda
ovyo hula ovyo, he who sows rubbish
gets rubbish to eat. (Pcrh. cf. ovu.)
Owamji, Oweka, -owefu, v.
See Lowa, Lowama, Loweka,
-lowefu.
Oza, v. (i) go bad, rot, putrefy,
spoil, be corrupt. Tia dawa isiozt,
use medicaments to prevent putre-
faction, use antiseptics, embalm (a
corpse). Samaki moja akioza, wote
wameoza, if one fish is bad, all are.
Ap. oz-ea, -ewa. Cs. oz-esha,
-eshwa. (Cf. -ovu, -bovu, and
pooza.} (2) Cs. of oa (which see),
marry, and obs. in oa also a kindred
form posa, poza}.
P.
P represents the same sound as in
English. At the beginning of some
Swahili words it may be heard pro-
nounced in an emphatic semi-explo-
sive way (as / is in some words),
which probably reflects a vanishing
sound before the /, as i..
plur. of upepo, for npepo. This
difference is, however, never important
and seldom noticeable in Z.
P before .y is changed to /in some
words, e.g. ogofya, Cs. of ogopa,
fear, and afya, a Cs. of apa, s\
/*and B are hard to distinguish in
some words as commonly pronounced,
e.g.porotnoka,pofu,M\<\ others. (Obs.
these sounds arc not distinguished in
Arab.)
/'- sometimes represents t:
pa- before an e or a. See Pa-.
Pa, (i) is the form of the \
lion -a, of, agreeing with I>
mahali (par.
:th tlx- 1<>
-. mahali pa mawe, a stony
place, or, stony places
used alone (not as a prei
resents (like the
other pcrs. pfx.) the \
;/i hapa pa pen:
place is a good one. 00 is A *crb>
See Pa, v.
Pa-, i
verbs and adjectives a:
c. mahali (faAaJi), place.
PA
298
PAA
(2) and of adjectives agreeing with
nouns which have the locative ending
-ni, indicating position. (Ku- t kiu-,
and m-, mw- are also used with
nouns in ni, but pa- is more general
than m-, into, within, from within,
and less general than ku-, which in-
cludes the whole environment, not
position only.) (3) pa is also used
of time, i. e. position in time, esp. in
the relative form -po, and in the adv.
hapa, pale, in which ' here, on the
spot ' and ' now, at once,' are often
blended. See Po. (4) pa is also
prefixed to verbs in a general sense,
without definite reference to place,
e. g. pana (palikuwa) mtu, there is
(was) a man. Hapana, there is not,
no. Palikwenda asikari, a soldier
went. (5) for this pfx. combined
with the relative -o see Po. Cf. also
papa, papo, hapa, hapo. E. g. ma-
hali pake pema pampendeza, his good
position pleases him. Shambani
pangu, at my plantation. Mahali
pale pazuri ndipo palipokuwapo ma-
mba, that beautiful spot is where
there were crocodiles. Pa- be-
comes /- in verbs before a, when
a tense -sign, and in adjectives before
-a, -e, and -o, e. g. p-angu, p-ema,
p-ote, and coalesces with an * follow-
ing to form -e, e. g. pengi for pa-
ingi.
Pa, v. give to, bestow on, present
with. As a rule, the simple stem pa
is combined with an objective pfx.
denoting a person, not a thing, i. e.
it occurs only as nipa, kupa, mpa,
tupa, ivapa, jipa. Thus it may be
regarded grammatically as a dis-
syllabic root with varying initial
syllable, and so does not follow the
rule of monosyllabic verb-roots, as
to the formation of tenses with ku-,
i. e. the Infinitive form. See -fa, and
Ku-. This restriction of the use of
pa leads to the use of toa in its
place, when all reference to a person
as object is omitted, i.e. in the sense
' give, give away, bestow, distribute,
present.' But toa is vague, and means
'take away' as well as 'give,' e.g.
aliitoa nguo, he presented the gar-
ment, or, he removed, took away
the garment. Ilitolewa, it was given,
or, it was withdrawn. See Toa.
(Exceptions to the above rule are
rare, e.g. Muungu hapi kwa mvua,
God does not give (i. e. bless) by
rain (only). Kilu kilichopewa na
mtu, a thing which was given by
some one.) Pa is often contr. with
nyima, e. g. alionipa mimi, ndio
aliokunyima wee, what he gave to
me is what he took from you. -pa
mgongo, turn the back on. -pa uso,
face, -pa rathi, content, satisfy, -pa
mkono, congratulate, condole with.
-pa salamu, salute. Jipa varies with
the idea attached to the Rf., e.g.
jipa ujinga, play the fool, be pur-
posely silly. Jipa malt, pretend to
be rich. Jipa makuu, be a grandee,
make a foolish show. Jipa moyo,
take heart, gain courage. Jipa sa-
lamu, consider oneself safe. Jipa
ubwana, domineer, tyrannize, and
so on. See Ji. Ps. pewa, and
sometimes pawa, with a personal
subject only, be given, be pre-
sented with, receive as a gift, e. g.
nimepewa, I have had a present.
Nt. peka, seldom used. Ap. -pea,
or -pia (and there is a Nt. palika
as if from pa-lid}^ give to, &c.
Sunju umenipiani ? What, have you
given me poison ? Hence peana,
piana, e. g. peana mikono (salamu},
conclude a bargain, exchange greet-
ings. Cs. (none in use). Rp.
pana, e.g. ahadi (mikono, zawadi),
make mutual promises (engagements,
presents). (Cf. mpaji, kipaji, ki-
pawa, and toa.}
Paa, v. (i) go up, ascend, mount,
rise, like panda, which is more
common, and cf. kwea. Ps. pawa,
Nt. palika. Ap. palia, palika,
paliwa, e. g. maji yanipalia rohoni,
phlegm rises in my throat, or nime-
paliwa na maji. Cs. paza, paliza,
PAA
299
PAGAA
raise, cause to rise. Paza
(paliza} sauti, lift up the voice,
speak in a loud tone. Paza pumnzi,
draw the breath in, inhale (shusha
furn vzi, exhale). (Cf. panda, kwea,
inita.} (a) (also ^ara), scrape,
scrape off, scrape up, e.g. paa sa-
maki or magamba ya samaki, clean
a fish for cooking by scraping off the
scales. So of potatoes, gum copal,
&c. Paa moto, convey fire, by getting
a live ember on a sherd, i.e. twaa
moto kwa kigai. Paa inchi, scrape,
paw the ground, e. g. as a horse.
Paa karata, clear off the cards, i.e.
win a game (cf. para, paruza}.
Ps. pawa. Nt. pa/ika. Ap.
palia, palika, paiiwa, palilia, pali-
liliwa, (i) as above, e.g. tinipalie
samaki, clean the fish for me. (a)
also esp. of cleaning ground tinder
cultivation, i. e. which has been once
hoed, i.e. ' collect weeds off, hoe the
surface of the ground.' And palilia
is used of the subsequent operations,
piling grass (rubbish, weeds) in heaps,
or round the roots of trees or plants,
&c. Palil-iza. -izwa, employ in clean-
ing-work. (3) fig. raise up for
(against), stir up feeling, e.g. pali-
liia ugomvi, raise a quarrel (cf. cho-
chelta, vumbilia}. Cs. paaza, pa-
a*wa. Used of coarse grinding of
grain, or pounding with a pestle and
mortar (as contr. with saga, fine
;)g between mill stones
paana. (Cf. para, paruta, and
.-, komba.}
Paa, n. (i) ( ), a gazelle, esp. one
of the very small species which alone
n Zanzibar and the neighbour-
ed*, and so represents ' ante-
lope ' there, though there is no such
generic name. (Names of antelopes,
which ren I M mainlai.
, tnpofu (pofu) ,kulungu, kongoni
i)) mbawala (nibala), ttyu
w*,&c.) (a)(wa-),(a
tha roof, the
smaller sides or ends being kipaa, (If)
the roof of a hut (in general).
paa la niakuti, a roof of cocoanut-
leaf thatch. Paa Id tngongo, a gable
roof. Mapaa manne, a four-sided
roof. (?Cf. paa, v., and panda,
mount up, or follg.) (3) (ma-) t
bald part of the head, i.e. paa (or
para) la kichwa. (Cf. upaa, and
perh./o<z, v. scrape.)
Paanda, Paango, n . See Panda,
Pango.
Paaza,v.grind coarsely, of grain.
(Prob. Cs. i. e. intensive form of paa
(para), scrape (which see). (Cf.
also faruza\]
Pacha, n. ( , and ma-}, (i) a
twin, one of twins; (a) something
resembling another, counterpart. Zaa
(zaliwd) pacha, bear (be born) twins.
Pacha-pacha, like twins, similar, e. g.
nyumba hizi ni pacha-pacha, these
houses are a pair, exactly alike.
Pachika, v. secure in a particular
position, fix, stick, e.g. /. nishale,
adjust an arrow to the bowstring.
P. kisu mshipini (kiutwni}, stick
a knife into the girdle (at the
Shada la maua lakujipachika
a nosegay to wear over the ear. Also
jipachika, sit astride of, bestride. 1 's.
pachikwa. Other derivs. seldom occur,
pachikia, C&.pachikisha.
f. futika, chomeka, anil obs. Nt.
termination with Act. meaning.)
*Padre, n. (ma-}, a clergyman, a
(I'ortug. Cf. Ar.'
kt4hani.}
Pafu, n. (ma-}, a lung, -esp. of
a dead animal, i.e. a butcher's or
doctor's (Cf. kifua, and
:g organ.)
Pagan, v. (i) carry, esp. as a
load, on head or shoulder*, but also
more gi :i* worn
on the neck ; (a) used of the influence
.
possess (i.e. perh. carry along
:wa na ptpo, he is possessed
by a spirit.
(i) cause to carry a load, engage as
a porter; (a) bring evil on, i.e. ill-
PAGAO
300
PAKIA
ness, calamity, an evil spirit. (Cf.
mpagazi, upagazi, and follg., and syn.
chukua, the common word for ' carry'
in 2,.,pagaa being only used in re-
stricted senses as above.)
Pagao, n. a charm (against posses-
sion by a spirit, or other calamity).
(Cf. prec. and upagazi, hirizi, tala-
simu.}
Pagua, v. lop, prune, strip off, e.g.
boughs, leaves, stalks, fibres, of
trees. s. paguliwa. K\>. pagu-lia,
-liwa. (Cf. pogoa, prob. a variant
of the above.)
*Pahali, n. ( ), place, spot,
position, situation, locality. (Ar.
mahall, whence the common mahali,
altered to pahali to suit the B.
locative prefix pa.}
Paja, n. (ma-}, thigh, ham, of
human beings, kiiveo usually of ani-
mals. Also plur. of upaja, with same
sense.
Paji, n. (ma-}. P. la uso, fore-
head. Also called kikomo cha uso,
and kipaji. (Dist. follg.)
-paji, a. liberal, generous, open-
handed. (Cf. pa, kipaji, upaji,
mpaji, and syn. -karimu.}
Paka, n. ( , or ma-, according
to size), a cat. Paka ndume, a tom-
cat. A half-wild cat in a town is
sometimes called mnunda. Dim.
kipaka.
Paka, v. (i) also Pakaa, apply,
lay (on), spread (on), usually of some
greasy or adhesive substance, i. e.
daub, smear, anoint, paint on, e. g.
paka mtoto mafuta, smear a child
with oil (ointment). P. rangi,
paint. P. chokaa, plaster. P.
udongo, plaster with mud (clay,
earth). Ps. pakwa. Ap. pakia,
e. g. of an instrument used for paint-
ing, &c. (but dist. pakia, put on board
ship). Cs. paka-za, -zwa, intens.
smear, rub on, e. g. hupakaza mtoto
dawa mwili mzima, they smear the
child's whole body with medicaments.
(Perh. cf. kipaku, a patch, spot,
smear, and ? pakua.} (2) mark
the boundary of, fix the bounds of.
Paka shamba, mark the bounds of an
estate. No Ps. or other deriv. stems
seem in use, except Rp.paAana, have a
common boundary, be adjacent, ad-
join, be next to each other, with a
Cs. pakanisha, lay out side by side,
cause to adjoin. Other parts are
supplied by mpaka with various verbs.
(Cf. mpaka.}
Pakacha, n. (ma-}, (i) a light
basket, used for carrying fish or
fruit, &c., made by plaiting part of
a cocoanut leaf. (Cf. kikapo.} (a)
night-robber, one who waylays pass-
ers-by. (Cf. mwivi, mnyanganyi.}
Pakanya, n. rue (Str.).
Pakata, v. hold a child on the
knee, lap, or shoulder. Ps. pa-
katwa. Nt. pakatika, e. g. mtoto
huyu hapakatiki, aftinikiita, there is
no holding this child, he is so restless.
K^.pakat-ia, -iiua. . Cs. pakat-isha,
-ishwa. (Perh. cf. paka, v., and
for the termination -ta, ambata, fu-
mbata, kamata, &c.)
Pake, a. form of -ake, his, her.
its, agreeing with D 7 (mahali}, and
locatives in -ni.
Pakia, v. put (take) on board a
vessel, of passengers or cargo, ship,
load a ship with, embark, have on
board, stow, pile up. Wakafanya
merikebu, ikapakia vyakula, they
built a vessel, and it was loaded with
provisions. Ys.pakiwa, be loaded,
have on board. Ay.paki-lia,-liwa,
(i) ship goods (a cargo, passengers,
&c,) to (for, in, by, &c.). Also paki-
li-za, -zwa, ship, have shipped-, see
to the shipping of, contract for freight
for, &c. (2) also, lay upon, charge
up, lay to the charge of, put on the
shoulders of, and more generally,
pile up, make heaps of. Hence
pakiliana, (i) load one on the top
of another, pile up in heaps, and (2)
of mutual recrimination, counter-
charges, &c. Cs.paki-za, -zwa, get
freight stowed on board, see to ship-
ping, contract for freight, with either
PAKO
301
P AM BAN A
the vessel (cart, vehicle, boat, &c.)
loaded, or the cargo (load, freight),
as object. Pakiza gari, load a cart.
Pakiza nazi, ship cocoanuts. Vitit
m, exports. Jipakiza,
take on one's own conscience, charge
oneself with, undertake, be responsible
for. Pakiana, get themselves on
board, huddle together on board.
(Cf. upakizi, upakio, pakua, and
perh. paka, v.)
Fako, a. form of -ako, your, yours,
agreeing with D 7 (niahali} and
locatives in -HI. (Cf. pa-, -ako.}
Paku, n. (wa-), usually in the dim.
form kipaku (which see), a patch,
spot, smear, &c. (Cf. paka, v.)
Pakua. v. Rv. of/ai'a, take out,
take off, unload, e.g. tukapakua
vitu katika mashua, and we un-
the luggage from the boat.
Commonly of taking cooked food off
the fire, dish up, serve up, bring
on the table. Ps. pakuliwa.
Nt. pakulika, e. g. be fit for serving
up. Ap. pakul-ia, -iwa. Cs.
paku-lisha, -lishwa, -liza. Rp.
pakuana. (Cf. pakia?)
Pakuogea, n. i.e. ntahalt p.. a
place to wash in, bathroom. (So
pakuin^ilia, entrance, access ; paku-
tokca, outlet, exit.
Palama, v. be unproduct
unprofi: of a tree, which
docs not bear well, or a town where
trade is bad. (Not common, and no
common derivatives.)
Pale, a. form of the demonstr.
-If, agreeing with D 7 (mahali]
and locatives in -HI, that, that yon-
der. As an adv. there',
.en, at that time. So palt-
palf.^ on the spot, at once, just then,
just tli indicates distance,
and great distance is indicated by
1 and raising
the pit c proportionately,
i. e. paU-i'i. (Cf. mle, kulc, fafa,
Palia, Palilia, Paliza, &c. See
Paa.
Palikuwa, v. Past Tense 01
be, with pfx. 'pa, of place. Often
with na in narrative, e. g. palikuwa
na mtu, there was once a man.
(Cf. pana, there is, and wa. 1 )
Palu, n. (ma-}, also Paru, a
sweetmeat made of bhang, or opium,
with sugar, &c.
Pamba, n. ( ), (i) cotton, the
produce of the cotton plant, mpamba.
Nguo ya pamba, cotton cloth, calico.
(Cf. sufi, tree cotton.) (2) some-
times for the common pambo (which
see), ornament, furniture, fittings.
(Cf. follg.)
Pamba. v. adorn, deck out, deco-
rate, embellish, and of a house, fur-
nish, fit for occupation. Pamba
maid, prepare a corpse for burial.
Jipamba, put on a gay dress (orna-
ments, &c. ). 1's . / : '>: I :< '. :
pambika. Ap./flw/'-i<z, -iwa, e. g.
give a finishing touch to, finish off,
e. g. a dish of food for the table.
Cs.pamb-isha, -ishwa, e.g. undertake
to decorate, furnish, &c.
pambana (but see Pambana). (Cf.
pambo, mpambc, mpambi, mpambaji,
and syn. rcmbeshii, urtmbo.}
Pambaja, v. embrace, clasp in
the arms. (Not often in deriv.
stems. Cf. kumbutia.} n. ( ),
embrace. Piga p., embrace
Pambana, v. mme '
into contact, whether pleasant or
otherwise, thus of ships (i) go
abreast, lie alongside, or (a)
fall foal of each other, jostle to-
gether. . parnban-ia, ~iwa.
Ct. pamban-isna, ~ishwa, e. g. (i) set
side by side, bring togt ;
compare; (a) set in contrast, cause
(opposition, contn
confusion) in (or, among), c
mbaniska maneno, make conflicting
statements, show to be contra
Sec., and of persons, make '
i, set at variance. Also /a -
mbanya, of persons and thing>,
k down, discredit, sh.
Seems to have no
PAMBANT7A
302
PANDA
connexion with pamba, v. Cf.
mpambano, and follg.)
Pambanua, v. Rv. of pambana,
draw apart, pick out, separate from
others, and so, discriminate, distin-
guish, select, clear up, explain. Ps.
pambanuliwa. Nt. pambanuka.
Ap. pambanu-lia, -liiua. (Cf.
syn. eleza, fafanua, and follg.)
Pambaua, Pambauka, Pamba-
uko. See Pambazua, &c.
Pambazua, v. seems to be an
irreg. Cs. connected with pambanua,
make clear, explain, e. g. p. maneno,
speak plainly, make a case clear.
' Nt. pambazuka is chiefly used in a
purely physical sense, of the dawn,
become clear, get light, be daytime.
Kumcpambaziika, morning has come.
Hence pambazukia, dawn upon, e.g.
tumepambazuki'wa, dawn has risen
upon us, it has found us asleep, we
are late in getting up. (For
dawn, cf. cha, v., and follg.)
Pambazuko, n. (ma-), dawn,
light of morning. (Cf prec. , also
weupe, assubuhi, alfajiri.)
-pambe, a. adorned, dressed up,
decorated, e. g. mnara mpambe, a
decorated tower. (Cf. pamba,
and mpambe.)
Pambo, n. (ma-), ornament, de-
coration, embellishment, and so of
a house, fittings, furniture, of dress,
finery, jewellery, fine clothes, &c.
(Includes any kind of personal and
other adornment. Cf. urembo, for
various kinds, and syn. iizuri\ also
valid from vaa, v., pamba, and
follg.)
Pambua, v. Rv. of pamba, remove
adornment, disfigure, disfurnish, &c.
Ps. pambuliwa. Nt. pambulika.
A.\>. pambu-lia, -liwa. Cs. pambu-
lisha, -lishwa. (Cf. pamba, and
um6ua.)
Pamoja, a. form of -mo/a, agree-
ing with D 7 (mahalt), and locatives
in -ni, one, the same. Also as adv.,
at one place, at one time, all to-
gether, unanimously. Pamoja na,
together with, at the same place
(time) as, in company of. (Cf.
-moja, mamq/a.)
Pana, verb- form, agreeing with
D 7 (mahali), there is, it has. (Cf.
kuna, mna, and see Pa-, Na.)
-pana, v. Rp. of -pa, v. (which
see).
-pana, a. (same with D 4 (P), D 5
(S), D 6), broad, wide, flat, level.
Inchi panapana, a flat country, a
plain (cf. sawa). Bahari pana-
pana, broad, open sea. Mapana is
used as a n., breadth, broad (flat)
side. K-wa mapana, breadth-wise,
across. (Cf. upana, panua, and
dist. -nene, thick, i. e. of measure-
ment through an object, while -pana
is rather of measurement of a surface,
across an object.)
Panapo, verb-form, like kiinako,
mnamo, where there is (are, was,
were), or, there is (are, was, were)
there, according as -po represents
the relative or demonstrative. (Cf.
a, na,pana,po.}
Panda, v. A. (i) go up, ascend,
climb, mount, get upon, ride upon
(cf. kivea) ; (2) fig. rise (of price), in-
crease (in number, weight, quantity,
&c.) (cf. zidf) ; (3) cover (of a male
animal). Panda chomboni, go on
board a vessel (also ingid). Chombo
kimepanda pwani (mwamba), the
vessel has run ashore (on a rock).
Panda frasi (j'uu ya frasi), mount
a horse, get on horseback. Mpanda
frasi wawili, hujishuka miguu mi-
wili, he who mounts on two horses
comes down with his two feet. Ata-
mpanda huyu shetani, this evil spirit
will come out of him. Panda mti
(Juuya mti}, climb up a tree. Ps.
pandwa. Nt. pandika. Ap.
pand-ia, -iwa, e. g. get up with (to,
by, &c.). Ngazi ya kupandia, a
ladder to get up by. Cs. pand-
isha, -ishiva, also panzd, e. g. cause
to go up, raise, hoist, increase.
Panza mtambo (na bunduki), cock
the trigger (of a gun). Amekipanza
PANDA
303
PANGTJ
chombo mwamba, he ran the vessel on
a rock. Rp. pandana, get on one
another, and so (e. g.) overlap, cross
each other, lie across each other.
(Cf. pi tana, kingamana, paliana.)
Hence pandan-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.
pattdio, paa, kwea.) B. sow,
plant, set in the ground 'whether
seed or plant). Obs. pandikiwa, be
grafted. Pandik-iza, -t'zwa, graft.
e. g. pandikiza chipukizi la mchung-
wa, graft a cutting from an orange
tree. But possibly this should be
bandikiza, see Bandika. (Other
derived stems as above. Cf.
mpandi, mpandaji, mpando, pando. ^
Panda, n. (i) ( , and ma-},
parting, division, fork, bifurcation,
e. g. njia ya /., or njia p., the place
where a road divides, or where roads
meet, cross- ways. Panda za tnto,
branches (arms) of a river. J'atuii
za mti, arms of a tree. Kijiti cha
panda, a forked stick, for getting
down fruit from a tree, (a) a cross-
piece, e. g. short arm of a cross
transept of a church'. (3) a trumpet.
Piga panda, blow a trumpet.
Pande, n. (i) (#ia-), a big piece
(part, side), block, mass, lump, e. g.
p. la chuma, a bar (or lump) of iron ;
p. la mtt, a block of wood ; /. la
nt. (a) plur. <>t
upande (which see). (Cf. ki-
pande, and prec.)
Pandio, n. (ma-), means (act,
method,) of climbing, e. g. steps cut
cocoanut stem.
Panga, v. (i) set in a li:.
in order, arrange. K. g. panga
mitigo, set down loads in a row.
Panga asikari, draw up sol
* t mgwa. Nt. pangika.
Ap./tf- , e.g. arrange for
-iwa, set rows up*
pose, intersperse, put in between
ih alternate places, e.g.
i mapando, plant crops In
regular rotation, arrange a succession
;>s.
in regular order, or rotation. Cs.
pangisha, often intens., e. g. pangisha
watu karanmni, see that guests are
duly arranged at a feast. Rp.
pangana, e. g. of people arranging
themselves in rows, as soldiers,
guests, &c. Also pangana sa/u,
fall into line, dress, of soldiers.
(2) hire, rent, take for use on
hire. P. nyumba, hire a house. P.
moto, borrow a light for a fire.
Panga also seems used to mean, let on
hire, the same transaction from
another point of view, see below.
Ps. pangwa, be let on hire, e.g.
a house. And sometimes of the per-
son hiring, get on hire. Nt.
pangika. Ap. pang-ia, -iwa. Cs.
pang-isha, -ishwa, e. g. get a person
to let, hire, or, get a person to hire,
allow to hire, let to a person.
Nimempangisha nyumba, I have let
a house to him, or, I have rented
a house from him. Unipangishc,
allow me to hire. (Cf. mfango,
Aodi, kodisha, q/iri.)
Panga, n. (wa-), a kind of shell-
fish, bivalve with broad, flat, sharp-
edged shell. (Cf. ttpangu, a sword,
but (list, its plur. % /aa.)
Pangilio, n. (ma-), interposition,
succession, alternation, rotation, c. g.
mapangilio la mapando, rotation of
crops. Also of a vein, or lode, of
metal, &c. enclosed in rock. (Cf.
panga, v.)
Panginc.Panginepo.a. and adv.,
also Ppngine, form of -ngine, -ingi-
ne, agreeing with D 7 (rttaJiali) or
locative Also as n>
anywhere,
and pa-.)
Pango, n. ( , and of si/c, ma-),
a hollo\vcd-out place, natural recess,
den, hole, lair of an
esp. of a large one.
\ e. g. of a rat hole. (Cf.
shtrno, tundu.)
Pangu. a. form of -angu t agree-
ing with D 7 (mahati), and 1.
(Cf . -aitu, and /a-.)
PAN QUA
304
PAPIA
Pangua, v. cut off at a single
stroke, slash off, remove with one
sweep of the arm. (Cf. upanga}
Pangusa, v. wipe, brush, rub
clean, dust, e. g. with a brush or
cloth. Pangusa vumbi katika vyo-
mbo hivi, wipe the dust off these
articles. Ps. panguswa. ^Nt.
pangiisika. Ap. pangus-ia, -iwa.
Cs. pangus-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.futa,
sugua.}
Panja, n. (ma-}, forelock, from
which the hair is brushed away on
both sides. (Cf. shtingi}
Panua, v. also sometimes Panya,
make broad, broaden, widen, spread
apart, open out. Panua mig 
