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SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


SYNONYMS    AND 
ANTONYMS 

An  Alphabetical  List  of  Words  in 
Common  Use,  Grouped  with  Others 
of  Similar  and  Opposite  Meaning 


BY 
EDITH  B.  ORDWAY 

Author  of  "Tht  Etiqutttt  of  To-Day"  "Handbook  of 
Quotation*,"  Eto. 


NEW  YORK 
GEORGE  SULLY  AND  COMPANY 


Copyright,  1913 
BT  SULLY  AND  KLEINTEIC^ 


All  rights  reserved 


IN  U.  S.  A. 


PREFACE 

THE  aim  in  compiling  this  book  has  been  to  make  the 
list  of  words  in  common  use  concise  yet  full,  and 
authoritative  yet  suggestive.    Above  five  thousand  leading 
words  are  given,  and  the  synonyms  and  antonyms  comprise 
several  thousand  more  different  words. 

Actual  references  may  be  multiplied  by  looking  up  a 
synonym  or  antonym,  as  well  as  by  consulting  cognate 
words,  such  as  the  corresponding  noun,  verb,  or  adjective. 

In  some  cases  common  words  have  been  omitted,  because 
they  were  composed  of  a  root  word  and  a  prefix,  intensive 
or  privative.  Their  synonyms  and  antonyms  may  be  found 
under  the  root  word. 

Occasionally  within  the  lists  words  closely  synonymous 
or  antonymic  have  been  grouped  within  semicolons. 

The  part  of  speech  of  a  word  is  designated  by  an  abbrevi- 
ation in  such  cases  as  are  necessary  to  save  confusion. 

Synonyms  appear  immediately  after  the  leading  word ;  an- 
tonyms, after  the  abbreviation  "Ant."  This  order  is 
invariable. 

In  the  effort  to  make  this  list  authoritative,  the  standard 
dictionaries  and  the  acknowledged  authorities  on  the  sub- 
ject have  been  consulted. 

«.  B.  o. 


[v  ] 


2502621 


ABBREVIATIONS 


a.  Adjective. 

ad.  Adverb. 

Ant.  Antonym  or  Antonyms. 

conj.  Conjunction. 

interj.  Interjection. 


n.         Noun. 

p.p.      Past  Participle. 

prep.    Preposition. 

8yn.    Synonym  or  Synonyms. 

v.        Verb. 


I  Til   1 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


Abandon.  Desert,  leave,  for- 
sake, depart  from,  quit,  give 
up,  relinquish,  discontinue,  ab- 
dicate, renounce,  repudiate,  for- 
swear, withdraw  from,  vacate, 
surrender,  retract,  recant,  re- 
tire from,  cast  off,  abjure,  cede, 
cease,  resign,  forego,  yield, 
waive,  part  with,  let  go,  lay 
down,  evacuate,  drop,  deliver 
up. 

ANT.  Claim,  cherish,  defend, 
keep,  hold,  maintain,  protect, 
adopt,  uphold,  advocate,  vindi- 
cate, occupy,  undertake,  prose- 
cute, pursue,  follow,  seek, 
guard,  favor,  retain,  support, 
assert,  haunt. 

Abandoned.  Discarded,  re- 
jected and  the  p.p.  of  the  syn.  of 
"abandon" ;  depraved,  corrupt, 
profligate,  wicked,  unprincipled, 
shameless,  sinful,  hardened,  im- 
penitent, lost,  demoralized, 
vicious,  dissolute,  reprobate, 
graceless,  obdurate,  licentious, 
incorrigible,  irreclaimable,  bad. 
ANT.  The  p.p.  of  the  ant.  of 
"abandon";  visited,  frequented, 
sociable;  virtuous,  good,  de- 
serving, worthy,  commendable, 
excellent,  laudable;  reclaim- 
able,  penitent;  conscientiou-s, 
correct,  upright,  righteous,  self- 
controlled,  high-principled, 
steady. 

Abandonment.  Desertion,  re- 
nunciation, surrender,  rejection, 


abandoning,  relinquishment, 
dereliction;  cession,  resigna- 
tion, abnegation,  demission,  ab- 
juration, abdication,  defection, 
abrogation. 

ANT.  Solicitude,  care,  heed, 
watchfulness,  vigilance;  hospi- 
tality, entertainment,  convivial- 
ity, welcome,  reception;  reten- 
tion, completion,  reclamation, 
support,  help,  correction,  cus- 
tody, tenacity. 

Abase.  Degrade,  reduce,  lower, 
discredit,  disgrace,  dishonor, 
humble,  sink,  humiliate,  bring 
low,  cast  down,  stoop,  debase, 
depress,  drop,  take  down, 
demean. 

ANT.  Elevate,  exalt,  honor, 
promote,  raise,  dignify,  uplift, 
aggrandise. 

Abasement.  Degradation,  hu- 
miliation, dishonor,  degeneracy, 
shame,  depression,  reduction, 
lowering,  fall,  deterioration,  de- 
basement, degeneration,  vitia- 
tion, perversion,  depravation, 
abjection,  disrepute,  discredit, 
subserviency. 

ANT.  Promotion,  exaltation, 
honor,  elevation,  aggrandize- 
ment, dignity,  repute,  reputa- 
tion, standing,  supremacy. 

Abash.  Bewilder,  confound,  dis- 
concert, discompose,  confuse, 
daunt,  humble,  dishearten,  mor- 
tify, shame,  humiliate,  snub, 
discountenance. 


1   1 


aba] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


tabe 


ANT.  Embolden,  cheer,  en- 
courage, animate,  uphold,  rally, 
countenance,  inspirit,  abet,  in- 
cite, buoy. 

Abate.  Lessen,  lower,  reduce, 
diminish,  moderate,  decrease, 
decline,  ebb,  mitigate,  subside, 
suppress,  terminate,  remove; 
temper,  assuage,  alleviate,  ap- 
pease, pacify ;  remit,  allow ;  re- 
lax, slacken;  bate,  deduct; 
soothe,  soften,  qualify,  allay, 
mollify,  compose,  tranquil ize, 
quiet,  quell,  calm,  dull,  blunt; 
batter  down,  beat  down,  demol- 
ish, raze. 

ANT.  Increase,  prolong,  mag- 
nify, foment,  enlarge,  extend, 
aggravate,  continue,  develop,  re- 
vive, raise,  enhance,  amplify. 

Abatement.  Subsidence,  decline, 
lowering,  reduction,  decrease ; 
allowance,  discount,  rebate,  de- 
preciation, drawback;  modera- 
tion, lessening,  mitigation,  as- 
suagement, remission,  sinking, 
settling,  waning,  fading,  ebb, 
evanishment,  declension,  deduc- 
tion, diminution. 

ANT.  Increase,  augmenta- 
tion, enlargement,  increment, 
accretion,  development,  growth, 
aggrandizement,  dilation,  acces- 
sion. 

Abbreviate.  Shorten,  contract, 
curtail,  reduce,  abridge,  con- 
dense, epitomize,  compress. 

ANT.  Lengthen,  extend,,  elon- 
gate, dilate,  expand,  amplify, 
enlarge,  produce,  stretch,  pro- 
long, expatiate. 

Abbreviation.  Abridgment, 
contraction,  condensation,  com- 
pend,  abstract,  epitome,  reduc- 
tion, summaiy,  curtailment, 
compression. 

ANT.  Expansion,  amplifica- 
tion, expatiation,  extension,  pro- 
duction, enlargement,  dilation. 

Abdicate.     Resign,  relinquish  of- 


fice (especially  of  the  throne), 
surrender,  abandon,  vacate, 
forego,  renounce,  give  up,  cede. 
ANT.  Retain,  claim,  ocoupy, 
maintain,  usurp,  seize,  grasp. 

Abdomen.  Belly,  paunch,  ven- 
tral region,  visceral  cavity. 

Abduct.  Take  away  (surrepti- 
tiously or  forcibly ) ,  kidnap,  run 
away  with,  carry  off,  spirit 
away,  drag  away. 

ANT.  Restore,  reinstate, 
adduct. 

Abduction.  Withdrawal,  draw- 
ing away,  abstraction,  kidnap- 
ping, seizure,  appropriation. 

ANT.  Adduction,  replace- 
ment, restitution,  restoration, 
surrender,  reinstatement. 

Aberrant.  Wandering,  ram- 
bling, divergent,  deviating,  de- 
vious, erratic ;  irregular,  abnor- 
mal, unusual,  exceptional. 

ANT.  Regular,  true,  consis- 
tent, uniform,  consecutive,  nor- 
mal, natural,  continuous. 

Aberration.  Wandering,  diver- 
gence, irregularity,  rambling, 
disconnectedness,  hallucination, 
illusion,  delusion,  eccentricity, 
singularity,  peculiarity. 

ANT.  Uniformity,  consecu- 
tiveness,  regularity,  progres- 
sion, continuity,  order,  type, 
norm. 

Abet.  Aid,  assist,  promote,  sup- 
port, sanction,  uphold,  counte- 
nance, encourage,  advocate,  in- 
cite, instigate,  embolden,  favor, 
foment,  connive  at,  cooperate 
with. 

ANT.  Hinder,  impede,  ob- 
struct, frustrate,  baffle,  con- 
found, counteract,  deter,  dis- 
courage, thwart,  contradict,  dis- 
concert, disapprove,  denounce, 
dissuade,  expose. 

Abettor.  Assistant,  helper,  aid, 
ally,  cooperator,  advocate,  con- 
federate, accomplice,  accessory, 


Abe] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[abl 


adviser,    promoter,    instigator, 
associate,  coadjutor. 

ANT.  Opponent,  foe,  adver- 
sary, antagonist,  rival,  dissua- 
der,  detector,  baffler,  discon- 
certer. 

Abeyance.  Suspense,  suspen- 
sion, expectancy,  waiting,  an- 
ticipation, dormancy,  intermis- 
sion, quiescence,  suppression, 
expectation. 

ANT.  Renewal,  revival,  re- 
suscitation, action,  operation, 
exercise,  force,  possession. 

Abhor.  Hate,  detest,  loathe, 
shrink  from,  recoil  from,  shud- 
der at,  abominate,  despise,  dis- 
like, eschew,  nauseate,  revolt 
at. 

ANT.  Crave,  desire,  enjoy, 
covet,  esteem,  like,  love,  relish, 
admire,  approve,  affect. 

Abhorrent.  Odious,  offensive, 
shocking,  repugnant,  loath- 
some, revolting,  horrible,  repel- 
lent, repulsive,  nauseating. 

ANT.  Admirable,  enjoyable, 
lovely,  estimable,  desirable. 

Abide.  Wait  for,  await,  attend ; 
endure,  tolerate,  bear,  suffer; 
anticipate,  watch  for,  expect; 
bide,  continue,  reside,  dwell,  so- 
journ, tarry,  lodge,  rest,  stay, 
inhabit,  remain. 

ANT.  Abandon,  shun;  resist, 
reject,  avoid;  deport,  migrate, 
move,  journey,  continue,  pro- 
ceed, progress. 

Abiding.  Lasting,  continuing, 
permanent,  durable,  constant, 
stable,  immutable,  changeless, 
unchanging. 

ANT.  Ephemeral,  fickle, 
changeable,  unsubstantial,  per- 
ishable. 

Ability.  Power,  force,  might, 
efficiency,  vigor,  skill,  energy, 
dexterity,  adroitness,  skilful- 
ness,  cleverness,  ingenuity,  tal- 
ent, aptitude,  facility,  knack, 


expertness,  readiness,  quick- 
ness, strength,  capacity,  quali- 
fication, competency,  genius,  ca- 
liber, capability,  capableness, 
faculty,  gift,  parts. 

ANT.  Incapacity,  weakness, 
inability,  unreadiness,  mala- 
droitness,  imbecility,  impotence, 
disability,  inaptitude,  ineffi- 
ciency, incompetence,  disquali- 
fication, helplessness,  stupidity, 
folly. 

Abject.  Base,  vile,  mean,  low, 
despicable,  contemptible,  worth- 
less, groveling,  fawning,  beg- 
garly, servile,  cringing,  miser- 
able, degraded,  menial,  ignoble. 
ANT.  Dignified,  honorable,  ex- 
alted, worthy,  venerable,  illus- 
trious, independent,  princely, 
self-assertive,  self-reliant,  vain, 
arrogant,  insolent,  haughty. 

Abjure.  Renounce,  relinquish, 
reject,  forswear,  forego,  repudi- 
ate, disown,  give  up,  retract,  re- 
voke, recant,  disavow,  disclaim, 
withdraw,  take  back,  deny, 
apostatize,  discard. 

ANT.  Claim,  advocate,  ac- 
knowledge, profess,  vindicate, 
assert,  demand,  retain,  appro- 
priate, avow. 

Able.  Accomplished,  adroit,  tal- 
ented, clever,  ingenious,  apt, 
skilful,  efficient,  capable,  fitted, 
learned,  gifted,  masterly,  tell- 
ing, vigorous,  strong,  proficient, 
competent,  versed,  practical,  en- 
dowed, powerful,  mighty. 

ANT.  Incapable,  ineffective, 
unqualified,  stupid,  inept,  weak, 
inefficient,  unskilful,  silly,  in- 
competent. 

Ablution.  Washing,  bathing, 
cleansing,  lavation,  purifica- 
tion, baptism. 

ANT.  Pollution,  defilement, 
dirt,  soilure,  contamination, 
taint,  stain,  abomination,  im- 
purity. 


[   3   ] 


abn] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[abo 


Abnegation.  Denial,  abjuration, 
renunciation,  rejection,  surren- 
der, abandonment,  disallow- 
ance, abstinence. 

ANT.  Assertion,  vindication, 
license,  claim,  indulgence,  con- 
cession; affirmation,  allegation, 
statement,  declaration,  word, 
averment,  deposition;  proposal, 
proffer. 

Abnormal.  Singular,  unnatural, 
unusual,  irregular,  peculiar,  ex- 
ceptional, aberrant,  erratic, 
monstrous,  preternatural. 

ANT.  Normal,  regular,  usual, 
natural,  typical,  customary,  or- 
dinary, common. 

Aboard.  On  board,  on  the  ship, 
afloat,  inside,  within. 

ANT.  Ashore,  aground. 
Abode.    Home,  house,  place,  resi- 
dence,   domicile,   habitation, 
dwelling,      lodging,      quarters, 
seat. 

ANT.  Halt,  tent,  "bivouac, 
perch. 

Abolish.  Abrogate,  annul,  de- 
stroy, repeal,  revoke,  suppress, 
terminate,  rescind,  cancel,  nul- 
lify, suppress,  overthrow,  ex- 
tirpate, remove,  prohibit,  set 
aside,  end,  stamp  out. 

ANT.  Establish,  support,  sus- 
tain, cherish,  confirm,  continue, 
restore,  revive,  reinstate,  insti- 
tute, promote,  legalize. 
Abominable.  Hateful,  horrible, 
loathsome,  abhorrent,  foul,  odi- 
ous, offensive,  detestable,  im- 
pure, execrable. 

ANT.  Desirable,  admirable, 
enjoyable,  pleasing,  pure,  delec- 
table. 

Abomination.  Offense,  horror, 
shame,  wickedness,  abhorrence, 
aversion,  disgust,  curse,  pollu- 
tion, iniquity,  defilement,  cor- 
ruption, nuisance,  annoyance. 

ANT.  Acquisition,  enjoyment, 
gratification,  blessing,  desire, 


longing,  delight,  benefit,  pleas- 
ure, satisfaction. 

Aboriginal.  Primitive,  prime- 
val, primary,  pristine,  native, 
original,  indigenous,  autoch- 
thonous. 

ANT.  Subsequent,  imported, 
exotic,  recent,  modern,  late, 
novel,  fresh,  immigrant,  adven- 
titious. 

Abortion.  Failure,  miscarriage, 
disappointment,  non-success, 
vain  effort,  defect,  frustration, 
blunder. 

ANT.  Success,  consummation, 
completion,  realization,  perfec- 
tion, achievement,  development, 
exploit,  feat. 

Abound.  Team,  swarm,  multi- 
ply, swell,  increase,  flow,  luxu- 
riate, flourish,  prevail,  wanton, 
revel,  exuberate. 

ANT.  Waste,  lack,  wane,  van- 
ish, lessen,  decrease,  die,  decay, 
fall. 

About.  Concerning,  regarding, 
touching,  relative  to,  with  ref- 
erence to,  in  regard  to;  near, 
surrounding,  around;  almost, 
nearly,  well-nigh;  ready,  on  the 
point  of,  on  the  eve  of ;  around, 
hind  part  before. 

ANT.  Afar,  distant,  remote; 
precisely,  exactly. 

Above.  Overhead,  aloft,  on  high ; 
before,  previously;  higher,  hav- 
ing precedence;  over,  exceed- 
ing, beyond,  superior,  exces- 
sive. 

ANT.  Below,  beneath,  within; 
later,  subsequently;  lower;  less, 
diminished. 

Aboveboard.  Openly,  candidly, 
frankly,  sincerely,  fairly,  in- 
genuously, unreservedly,  guile- 
lessly. 

ANT.  Secretly,  elusively,  un- 
derhand, deceitfully,  wiliJy. 

Above-named.  Named  before, 
aforesaid,  above-mentioned, 


abr] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[abs 


above-cited,    above-described, 
mentioned  above. 

ANT.  Named  below,  described 
below,  hereinafter  named. 

Abrasion.  Rubbing,  friction, 
wearing  away  or  off,  disinte- 
gration, attrition. 

ANT.  Accretion,  augmenta- 
tion, increment;  supplement, 
reinforcement. 

Abreast.  Alongside,  side  by 
side,  aligned;  against,  off,  op- 
posite to. 

ANT.    Ahead,  astern;  behind. 

Abridge.  Abbreviate,  shorten, 
condense,  diminish,  reduce,  con- 
tract, cut  down,  deprive  of,  di- 
vest of,  epitomize,  compress. 

ANT.  Amplify,  expand, 
spread  out,  extend,  dilate. 

Abridgment.  Summary,  synop- 
sis, compend,  analysis,  abstract, 
abbreviation,  epitome,  outline, 
compendium,  digest. 

ANT.  Amplification,  expati- 
ation,  exposition,  annotation, 
paraphrase,  expansion,  com- 
ment. 

Abroad.  Far  away,  distant,  apart, 
dispersed,  aloof,  adrift;  dis- 
tracted, confused,  dazed,  con- 
founded; forth,  out  of  doors. 

ANT.  Near,  close,  collected, 
fast,  housed;  composed,  poised, 
self-contained;  loithin. 

Abrogate.  Abolish,  cancel,  set 
aside,  annul,  make  void,  over- 
rule, invalidate,  nullify,  re- 
peal. 

ANT.  Enact,  confirm,  enforce, 
establish,  continue,  revive. 

Abrogation.  Repeal,  rescind- 
ing, annulment,  abolition,  rev- 
ocation, voidance,  cancelation, 
setting  aside ;  discontinuance, 
disestablishment. 

ANT.  Enactment,  institu- 
tion, establishment;  sanction, 
continuance,  confirmation. 

Abrupt.       Sudden,     unexpected, 


hasty,  ill-timed,  precipitate; 
steep,  precipitous,  craggy, 
rough,  rugged,  jngged;  short, 
blunt,  curt,  unceremonious ; 
stiff,  cramped,  harsh,  discon- 
nected. 

ANT.  Easy,  gliding;  pol- 
ished, smooth,  undulating;  ex- 
pected, courteous,  elegant,  com- 
plaisant, suave. 

Abscond.  Depart,  steal  away, 
decamp,  bolt,  disappear,  run 
off,  hide,  withdraw,  retreat,  es- 
cape, elope,  slink  or  sneak  off, 
absent  one's  self. 

ANT.  Show,  appear,  emerge, 
issue,  present  one's  self. 
Absence.  Non-attendance,  non- 
appearance,  non-existence,  ab- 
senteeism ;  inattention,  ab- 
straction, preoccupation,  mus- 
ing; want,  lack,  privation,  de- 
fect, deficiency. 

ANT.  Presence,  existence, 
manifestation,  evidence,  sup- 
ply; attention,  consideration; 
immanence,  inherency. 
Absent.  Away,  gone;  ab- 
stracted, preoccupied,  inatten- 
tive, dreaming. 

ANT.  Present,  here;  atten- 
tive, alert. 

Absolute.  Perfect,  complete,  su- 
preme, autocratic,  authorita- 
tive, commanding,  independent, 
unrestricted,  unqualified,  un- 
limited, unconditioned,  self- 
existent,  self-determined,  ideal; 
despotic,  arbitrary,  exacting, 
domineering,  tyrannical,  impe- 
rious, dictatorial,  irresponsi- 
ble; positive,  actual,  real,  veri- 
table, genuine,  certain,  categori- 
cal, unquestionable. 

ANT.  Related,  responsible, 
conditioned,  limited,  qualified, 
restricted,  accountable;  ductile, 
humble,  lenient,  meek,  mild, 
yielding,  compliant,  complai- 
sant; dubious,  contingent,  de- 


abs] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ab« 


fective,  deficient,  wanting,  lack- 
ing, mutilated,  incomplete, 

Absolution.  Acquittal,  remis- 
sion, release,  deliverance,  for- 
giveness, pardon,  shriving, 
shrift;  indulgence,  justification. 
ANT.  Charge,  accusation,  con- 
demnation, censure,  conviction; 
penance,  purgation,  fasting, 
flagellation. 

Absolve.  Acquit,  clear,  exoner- 
ate, forgive,  free,  liberate,  re- 
lease, pardon,  set  free,  dis- 
charge, exempt,  exculpate. 

ANT.  Accuse,  condemn,  con- 
vict, impeach,  charge,  compel; 
obligate,  oblige,  bind. 

Absorb.  Take  in,  consume,  im- 
bibe, swallow,  suck  up,  ex- 
haust; engross,  engage,  im- 
merse, occupy,  arrest,  rivet  (of 
attention). 

ANT.  Give  up,  disgorge,  send 
out,  radiate,  throw  off,  eject; 
dissipate,  distract,  disperse. 

Absorption.  Absorbing,  imbib- 
ing, assimilation,  destruction, 
consumption,  exhaustion ;  en- 
grossment, engagement,  occu- 
pation, immersion. 

ANT.  Ejection,  rejection,  ex- 
pulsion, discharge;  inadver- 
tency, inattention,  oversight, 
disregard. 

Abstain.  Refrain,  resist,  for- 
bear, desist,  deny  one's  self, 
avoid,  cease,  stop,  withhold, 
give  up,  relinquish. 

ANT.  Indulge,  wanton,  revel, 
yield  to,  gratify. 

Abstemious.      Abstinent,   sober, 

moderate,    temperate,    sparing, 

frugal,  self-denying,  continent. 

ANT.    Sensual,  self-indulgent, 

intemperate,  greedy. 

Absterge.  Wipe  off,  purge, 
cleanse,  purify,  scrub,  sponge, 
scour. 

ANT.  Soil,  pollute,  begrime, 
contaminate,  bespatter,  bedaub. 


Abstersive.  Cleansing,  purging, 
purifying,  scouring;  detergent, 
cathartic. 

ANT.  Corruptive,  cont ami- 
native,  offensive. 

Abstinence.  Temperance,  abste- 
miousness, self-control,  self- 
restraint,  self-denial,  sobriety, 
fasting,  continence,  moderation, 
frugality. 

ANT.  Excess,  intoxication, 
self-indulgence,  sensuality, 
wantonness,  intemperance, 
greed,  gluttony,  revelry,  dissi- 
pation. 

Abstinent.  Abstaining,  fasting; 
abstemious,  sober,  temperate, 
self-restraining,  self-denying, 
continent,  austere. 

ANT.  Sensual,  self-indulgent, 
intemperate,  epicurean,  dissi- 
pated, incontinent,  debauched. 

Abstract,  n.  Epitome,  summary, 
abridgment,  compend,  synopsis, 
syllabus,  outline,  digest,  brief, 
compendium,  gist,  drift,  con- 
tents. 

ANT.  Amplification,  disqui- 
sition, exposition,  eatpansion,  ex- 
patiation. 

Abstract,  v.  Appropriate,  with- 
draw, remove,  separate,  take 
away,  detach,  purloin,  part, 
eliminate,  distract,  discrimi- 
nate, abridge. 

ANT.  A  dd,  complete,  increase, 
restore,  unite,  conjoin,  fill  up, 
strengthen,  combine. 

Abstracted.  Separated,  with- 
drawn, removed ;  subtle,  refined, 
abstruse;  inattentive,  preoccu* 
pied,  dreaming,  absent-minded, 
oblivious,  thoughtless,  negli- 
gent, indifferent,  heedless,  ab- 
sorbed, absent. 

ANT.  Intelligible,  lucid,  trans- 
parent; attentive,  intent,  ob- 
servant, alert,  prompt,  ready, 
thoughtful,  wide-awake. 

Abstraction.    Disconnection,  di* 


£  6 


abs] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[ac* 


junction,  removal,  isolation, 
separation;  preoccupation,  rev- 
ery,  inattention,  absorption,  ab- 
sence; taking,  abduction,  seiz- 
ure, stealing,  appropriation, 
purloining;  classification,  gen- 
eralization. 

ANT.  Addition,  conjunction, 
union,  restitution,  importation, 
restoration;  enumeration,  anal- 
ysis; attention,  specification, 
observation,  individkialization. 

Abstruse.  Hidden,  difficult,  rec- 
ondite, profound,  deep,  curi- 
ous, occult,  dark,  obscure,  mys- 
tical, hard, .  vague,  indefinite, 
mysterious,  abstract,  tran- 
scendental. 

ANT.  Patent,  simple,  obvi- 
ous, trite,  intelligible,  manifest, 
lucid,  clear,  easy,  plain,  popu- 
lar, superficial. 

Absurd.  Ludicrous,  monstrous, 
nonsensical,  preposterous,  sense- 
less, ridiculous,  foolish,  irra- 
tional, wild,  unreasonable. 

ANT.  Sensible,  rational,  rea- 
sonable, logical,  wise,  sagacious, 
sound,  substantial,  philosophi- 
cal, reflective,  consistent,  true. 

Absurdity.  Unreasonableness, 
irrationality,  foolishness,  folly, 
fatuity,  idiocy,  extravagance, 
drivel. 

ANT.  Reason,  possibility; 
truism,  axiom,  maxim,  adage. 

Abundance.  Profusion,  wealth, 
affluence;  flow,  flood,  overflow; 
copiousness,  fertility,  richness, 
largeness,  store,  plenty,  exuber- 
ance, plenteousness. 

ANT.  Scarcity,  deficiency, 
rarity,  scantiness,  dearth,  fail- 
ure, poverty. 

Abundant.  Abounding,  flowing, 
plentiful,  liberal,  bountiful,  suf- 
ficient, lavish,  plenteous,  much, 
copious,  replete,  full,  teeming. 
ANT.  Rare,  scarce,  scant,  de- 
ficient, insufficient,  short,  nig- 


gardly,  sparing,  impoverished, 
dry,  drained. 

Abuse,  n.  Misuse,  dishonor,  mal- 
treatment, outrage,  reviling,  ob- 
loquy, defamation,  insult,  dis- 
paragement, reproach,  ill  usage. 
ANT.  Kindness,  praise,  def- 
erence, respect,  honor,  good 
treatment,  good  usage. 

Abuse,  v.  Harm,  ill-treat,  ill-use, 
injure,  wrong,  maltreat,  op- 
press, molest,  malign,  impose 
on,  ruin,  victimize,  slander,  vio- 
late, ravish,  defile,  disparage, 
damage,  defame,  misuse. 

ANT.  Cherish,  protect,  re- 
gard, shield,  respect,  care  for, 
tend,  benefit;  laud,  favor,  ap- 
plaud, extol,  eulogize,  praise; 
uphold,  sustain,  vindicate,  con- 
serve. 

Abusive.  Insulting,  rude,  de- 
nunciatory, reproachful,  injuri- 
ous, offensive,  reviling,  inso- 
lent, scurrilous,  opprobrious. 

ANT.  Respectful,  attentive, 
laudatory,  kind,  flattering, 
courteous,  complimentary,  ob- 
sequious. 

Abut.     Be  adjacent,  extend,  im- 
pinge, project,  approximate,  be 
contiguous,  adjoin ;  end,  border. 
ANT.      Diverge,    recede,    re- 
turn, retreat,  recurve. 

Abutment.  Terminal  support, 
buttress. 

Abuttal.  Adjacency,  contiguity, 
nearness,  juxtaposition;  boun- 
dary, terminus,  limit,  termina- 
tion. 

ANT.  Interval,  separation, 
gap,  chasm,  interspace,  fissure, 
breach. 

Abyss.  Gulf,  gorge,  deep,  chasm, 
profound,  abysm;  the  pit. 

ANT.  Surface,  abutment,  ad- 
hesion, contact,  contiguity; 
heaven. 

Academical.  Scholastic,  learned, 
literary,  collegiate,  classical. 


aca] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ace 


ANT.  Illiterate,  ignorant, 
unschooled. 

Academy.  School,  seminary,  in- 
stitute, college,  gymnasium, 
high  school;  scientific  body, 
association  of  artists. 

Accede.  Consent,  assent,  acqui- 
esce, comply,  agree,  accept,  con- 
cur, approve,  coincide. 

ANT.  Decline,  unthdraw,  re- 
fuse, demur,  protest,  dissent, 
reject. 

Accelerate.  Hasten,  quicken, 
speed,  precipitate,  despatch,  ex- 
pedite, hurry,  urge,  push  for- 
ward, press  on;  forward,  ad- 
vance, further. 

ANT.  Delay,  impede,  clog, 
hinder,  retard,  drag,  obstruct. 

Accent,  n.  Stress,  beat,  emphasis, 
rhythm,   pulsation,   intonation, 
cadence,  tone,  modulation,  ictus. 
ANT.      Monotony,     equable- 
ness, babble,  floiv,  smoothness. 

Accentuate,  Accent,  v.  Lay 
stress  upon,  put  the  ictus  on ; 
emphasize,  mark,  make  promi- 
nent. 

ANT.  Make  light  of,  make 
insignificant,  underestimate',  ig- 
nore. 

Accept.  Take,  receive;  admit, 
agree  to,  approve,  acknowledge, 
avow;  estimate,  regard,  value, 
construe. 

ANT.  Refuse,  decline,  reject, 
ignore,  disown,  repudiate. 

Acceptable.  Welcome,  pleasing, 
grateful,  gratifying,  pleasant, 
agreeable,  pleasurable,  season- 
able, desirable,  expedient. 

ANT.  Unpleasant,  disagree- 
able, annoying,  grievous,  un- 
grateful, unwelcome. 

Acceptance.  Reception,  taking; 
acknowledgment,  approbation, 
approval,  satisfaction,  gratifi- 
cation. 

ANT.  Rejection,  refusal,  re- 
pudiation, exclusion. 


Acceptation.  Meaning,  signifi- 
cance, sense,  import,  interpre- 
tation, construction,  under- 
standing; approval,  adoption, 
acceptance. 

Access.  Entrance,  approach, 
passage,  avenue,  entry;  admis- 
sion, admittance,  audience,  in- 
terview; addition,  increase, 
gain;  accession;  attack,  onset, 
fit,  paroxysm. 

ANT.  Exit,  egress,  depart- 
ure; exclusion;  repulse,  recoil; 
retirement,  retreat ;  quiescence, 
inertia,  languor,  torpor. 

Accessary,  see  Accessory. 

Accessible.     Easy  of  access,  ap- 
proachable, affable,  conversible. 
ANT.      Distant,    cold,    unap- 
proachable, difficult. 

Accession.  Addition,  increase, 
enlargement,  extension,  aug- 
mentation; arrival,  influx;  at- 
tainment (of  power). 

ANT.  Abandonment,  de- 
crease, ebb,  drain,  subsidence, 
departure,  resignation,  diminu- 
tion.' 

Accessory,  n.  Confederate,  as- 
sistant, helper,  associate,  ac- 
complice; detail,  accompani- 
ment, subordinate  element; 
companion,  partner. 

ANT.  Foe,  rival,  adversary, 
antagonist,  opponent,  enemy; 
principal,  instigator. 

Accessory,  a.  Assisting,  aiding, 
abetting,  helping,  acceding,  ad- 
ditional ;  supplemental,  subser- 
vient, subsidiary,  subordinate, 
conducive ;  accompanying,  con- 
tributory, auxiliary. 

ANT.  Essential,  inherent; 
superfluous,  irrelevant. 

Accident.  Chance,  disaster,  hap- 
pening, hazard,  incident,  mis- 
fortune, calamity,  adventure, 
casualty,  mishap,  possibility. 

ANT.  Certainty,  provision, 
plan,  intention,  appointment, 


t  8   ] 


ace] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[ace 


calculation,  law,  necessity,  pur- 
pose, preparation. 

Accidental.  Casual,  unintended, 
fortuitous,  chance ;  incidental, 
immaterial,  non-essential;  oc- 
casional, contingent,  adventi- 
tious. 

ANT.  Intended,  purposed, 
prepared,  appointed,  certain. 

Acclamation.  Applause,  cheer, 
outcry,  homage,  gratulation, 
salutation. 

ANT.  Censure,  execration, 
denunciation,  obloquy,  sibila- 
tion. 

Acclivity.  Rise,  incline,  ascent, 
steep,  hill,  height. 

ANT.  Decline,  declivity,  hol- 
loic,  descent,  depth. 

Accommodate.  Oblige,  serve,  fur- 
nish, supply,  contain,  hold,  con- 
venience; adapt,  reconcile,  ad- 
just, harmonize,  suit,  conform, 
arrange. 

ANT.  Deprive,  aggravate,  in- 
convenience, disturb,  disoblige; 
misfit,  incommode. 

Accommodating.  Kind,  oblig- 
ing, considerate,  unselfish,  po- 
lite, yielding,  conciliatory. 

ANT.  Rude,  churlish,  dis- 
obliging, inconsiderate,  exact- 
ing. 

Accompany.  Follow,  attend, 
consort  with,  go  with,  escort, 
convoy. 

ANT.  Abandon,  leave,  quit, 
avoid,  discard,  desert. 

Accomplice.  Confederate,  ac- 
cessory, abettor,  associate,  ally, 
aid,  assistant,  promoter,  coad- 
jutor. 

ANT.  Rival,  enemy,  foe,  ad- 
versary. 

Accomplish.  Complete,  finish, 
achieve,  effect,  perform,  carry 
out,  attain,  realize,  consum- 
mate, execute,  perfect,  fulfil, 
do;  equip,  furnish. 

ANT.    Fail,  mar,  spoil,  frus- 


trate,   defeat,    disconcert,    de- 
stroy. 

Accomplished.  Educated,  ex- 
perienced, practiced,  finished, 
versed,  consummate,  adroit,  ex- 
pert, apt,  skilful,  talented,  fine, 
qualified,  proficient,  polite,  ele- 
gant; completed,  effected,  estab- 
lished. 

ANT.  Unskilled,  unfettered, 
ignorant,  unpolished,  uncouth, 
inefficient,  incapable,  inexpert, 
incompetent. 

Accomplishment.  Execution, 
achievement,  performance,  com- 
pletion; acquirement,  attain- 
ment, proficiency,  ornament, 
grace. 

ANT.  Failure,  blunder,  folly, 
stupidity,  incompetency,  mis- 
management, bungling. 

Accord.  Agree,  correspond,  har- 
monize; grant,  concede,  give, 
yield,  deign,  vouchsafe,  consent, 
answer. 

ANT.  Differ,  disagree;  with- 
hold, deny,  refuse. 

Accordant.  Agreeable,  suitable, 
consonant,  harmonious,  congru- 
ous, agreeing,  corresponding, 
conformable. 

ANT.  Adverse,  inconsistent, 
discordant. 

Accordingly.  Suitably,  conform- 
ably, agreeably ;  consequently, 
therefore,  hence,  wherefore. 

ANT.  Conversely,  inconsis- 
tently, impertinently. 

Accost.  Approach,  address,  sa- 
lute, greet,  confront,  speak 
to. 

ANT.  Depart,  rebuff,  check, 
repulse,  shun,  elude,  pass,  ig- 
nore. 

Account,  n.  Record,  register,  in- 
ventory ;  bill,  charge ;  count, 
calculation,  enumeration;  state- 
ment, description,  narration,  re- 
lation, narrative,  recital,  chron- 
icle, history;  explanation,  expo- 


ace] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[ach 


sition ;  consideration,  regard, 
motive,  reason ;  importance, 
worth,  dignity,  profit,  advan- 
tage, benefit. 

ANT.  Suppression,  silence; 
attempt,  project;  misannounce- 
ment. 

Account,  v.  Esteem,  regard, 
deem,  judge,  think,  hold,  be- 
lieve, consider,  view;  estimate, 
reckon,  rate ;  explain,  solve. 

ANT.  Underrate,  undervalue; 
disesteem,  misestimate;  mys- 
tify, perplex,  darken. 

Accountable.  Responsible,  pun- 
ishable, answerable,  liable, 
amenable;  accredited,  dele- 
gated. 

ANT.  Independent,  absolute, 
supreme,  despotic,  autocratic. 

Accouter.  Equip,  furnish,  dress, 
fit  out,  arm,  array. 

ANT.  Despoil,  impoverish, 
denude,  strip,  bare. 

Accredit.  Credit,  authorize, 
trust,  empower,  commission,  de- 
pute. 

ANT.  Recall,  supersede,  dis- 
miss, discard;  disbelieve,  dis- 
trust, suspect. 

Accredited.  Authorized,  com- 
missioned, sanctioned ;  confiden- 
tial, trusted,  believed. 

ANT.  Unauthorized,  dis- 
trusted, discredited. 

Accretion.  Growth,  accumula- 
tion, adhesion,  coherence,  in- 
crease. 

ANT.  Abrasion,  disintegra- 
tion, diminution. 

Accrue.  Result,  arise,  issue,  en- 
sue, follow,  proceed,  come,  in- 
crease, augment. 

ANT.  Cause,  occasion;  re- 
duce, weaken,  abate. 

Accumulate.  Pile,  collect, 
gather  up,  bring  together; 
store,  amass,  garner,  treasure, 
husband,  lay  by,  hoard;  aggre- 
gate. 


ANT.  Separate,  dissipate, 
disperse,  scatter,  waste,  expend. 

Accumulation.  Collection,  heap, 
mass,  accretion,  hoard,  store. 

ANT.  Separation,  segrega- 
tion; unit,  individual;  prodi- 
gality, leakage,  expenditure. 

Accuracy.  Exactness,  precision, 
nicety,  truth,  carefulness,  cor- 
rectness, exactitude,  fidelity. 

ANT.  Looseness,  slovenli- 
ness, incorrectness,  error,  fal- 
lacy, misconception,  misstate- 
ment. 

Accurate.  Careful,  exact,  faith- 
ful, precise,  truthful,  correct, 
rigorous,  close,  severe,  just, 
unerring. 

ANT.  Inexact,  faulty,  inac- 
curate, defective,  loose,  careless. 

Accusation.  Charge,  indict- 
ment, arraignment,  impeach- 
ment, imputation,  crimination, 
censure. 

ANT.  Discharge,  acquittal, 
vindication,  absolution,  ap- 
proval. 

Accuse.  Charge,  indict,  arraign, 
incriminate,  impeach,  cite,  sum- 
mon, tax,  censure,  taunt,  blame, 
reproach. 

ANT.  Discharge,  acquit,  de- 
fend, vindicate,  exonerate,  par- 
don, absolve,  condone,  release. 

Accustom.  Habituate,  use,  be 
wonted,  harden,  familiarize, 
train,  addict,  drill,  break  in, 
discipline. 

ANT.  Estrange,  wean,  alien- 
ate, dishabituate. 

Acerbity.  Sourness,  acidity, 
tartness,  bitterness,  roughness, 
harshness,  acrimony. 

ANT.  Sweetness,  mildness, 
softness,  gentleness,  smooth- 
ness. 

Ache,  n.    Pain,  dull  or  continued 
pain,  anguish,  suffering,  agony. 
ANT.     Pleasure,  relief,  ease, 
refreshment,  d«light. 


[  10  ] 


ach] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[acu> 


Achieve.  Accomplish,  perform, 
complete,  finish,  realize,  bring 
to  pass,  work  out,  conclude ;  ob- 
tain, acquire,  gain,  win,  get. 

ANT.  Neglect,  undo,  mar, 
omit;  fail  of,  lose. 

Achievement.  Accomplishment, 
performance,  attainment,  com- 
pletion, consummation ;  exploit, 
deed,  feat. 

ANT.  Forfeit,  failure,  negli- 
gence, frustration,  blunder. 

Acknowledge.  Recognize,  be 
aware  of;  admit,  concede,  al- 
low, accept;  confess,  avow;  ex- 
press thanks  for;  own.  or  pro- 
fess. 

ANT.  Disclaim,  disown, 
deny,  repudiate,  ignore,  dis- 
avow. 

Acme.  Summit,  zenith,  climax, 
top,  apex,  vertex,  pinnacle,  cul- 
mination. 

ANT.  Base,  nadir,  depth, 
ground,  foundation,  foot,  root. 

Acquaintance.  Association,  fa- 
miliarity ;  friend ;  intimacy, 
companionship,  experience, 
knowledge,  friendship,  fellow- 
ship. 

ANT.  Ignorance,  inexperi- 
ence, unfamiliarity,  ignoring. 

Acquiesce.  Assent,  concur,  yield, 
comply,  submit,  agree,  con- 
sent. 

ANT.    Object,  demur,  dissent. 

Acquire.     Gain,  earn,  win,  reap, 
obtain,  attain,  achieve,  get,  se- 
cure ;  master,  learn  thoroughly. 
ANT.    Lose,  surrender,  miss, 
forego,  forfeit. 

Acquit.  Discharge,  exonerate, 
release,  absolve,  excuse,  par- 
don, exculpate. 

ANT.  Charge,  condemn,  sen- 
tence, compel,  indict,  imprison. 

Acquittal.  Discharge,  release, 
deliverance,  liberation,  abso- 
lution. 

ANT.       Judgment,      punish- 


ment,   penalty,    trial,    retribu- 
tion, correction,  castigation. 

Acrimony.  Bitterness,  sharp- 
ness, sourness,  tartness,  sever- 
ity, asperity,  hardness,  rancor, 
ill-temper,  spite,  unkindness. 

ANT.  Gentleness,  good  na- 
ture, kindness,  sweetness,  cour- 
tesy. 

Act,  n.  Deed,  performance,  ex- 
ploit, accomplishment,  achieve- 
ment, effect,  movement,  trans- 
action, work. 

ANT.  Cessation,  inertia,  qui- 
escence,  inaction,  rest,  reposer 
quiet,  deliberation. 

Act,  v.  Work,  do,  perform,  exe- 
cute; behave;  play,  feign,  pre- 
tend, dissemble;  operate,  have 
effect;  be,  realize,  actualize. 

ANT.  Rest,  cease,  stop,  stay; 
neglect,  omit,  mar,  undo;  ex- 
pose, reveal,  vaunt;  be  quiescent 
or  latent;  fancy;  endure,  suffer. 

Action.  Exercise,  motion,  move- 
ment, deed,  performance; 
agency,  force,  operation ;  battle, 
conflict ;  gesture ;  representa- 
tion, play;  subject,  plot;  law- 
suit, case. 

ANT.  Inertia,  torpor,  lan- 
guor; quiescence,  rest,  passive- 
ness;  harmony,  truce,  peace. 

Active.  Agile,  brisk,  alert,  lively, 
quick,  prompt,  ready,  spry ;  in- 
dustrious, energetic,  busy,  dili- 
gent. 

ANT.  Dull,  idle,  indolent, 
lazy,  quiet,  slow,  stupid. 

Actual.  Real,  true,  genuine,  cer- 
tain, absolute,  positive,  veri- 
table, substantial ;  present,  sen- 
sible, perceptible. 

ANT.  Possible,  fictitious,  sup- 
posititious, virtual,  theoretical, 
hypothetical,  conjectural. 

Acumen.  Discernment,  penetra- 
tion, keenness,  shrewdness,  in- 
sight, sharpness,  sagacity, 
acuteness. 


[  11  ] 


acu] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[adj 


ANT.  Dulness,  obtuseness, 
stupidity,  bluntness. 

Acute.  Sharp,  pointed,  keen, 
shrewd;  violent,  intense;  high, 
sudden,  severe,  distressing; 
subtile,  ingenious,  sagacious, 
discerning. 

ANT.  Dull,  blunt,  obtuse, 
stupid,  heavy;  chronic;  stolid. 

Adaptation.  Adjustment,  fitness, 
conformity,  suitableness,  apt- 
ness, harmony. 

ANT.  Incompatibility,  in- 
congruity, misfit,  discord. 

Add.  Sum  up,  increase,  adjoin, 
append,  attach,  augment,  en- 
large, amplify,  annex,  affix. 

ANT.  Deduct,  subtract,  les- 
sen, reduce,  remove,  diminish. 

Addicted.  Habituated,  disposed 
to,  inclined,  prone,  attached  to, 
devoted,  given  over  to,  wedded 
to. 

ANT.  Averse,  disinclined,  un- 
accustomed, indisposed,  di- 
vorced from. 

Addition.       Accession,    enlarge- 
ment,   increase,    extension,    ac- 
cretion, augmentation,  adjunct. 
ANT.     Subtraction,  decrease, 
diminution. 

Address,  n.  Courtesy,  manners, 
politeness,  tact,  ingenuity,  dex- 
terity, discretion,  adroitness ; 
discourse,  harangue,  oration, 
lecture,  speech,  appeal,  request, 
suit,  solicitation. 

ANT.  Clumsiness,  rudeness, 
stupidity,  unmannerliness, 
folly ;  refusal. 

Address,  v.  Accost,  approach, 
court,  greet,  hail,  salute,  speak 
to. 

ANT.  Avoid,  elude,  ignore, 
shun,  cut,  pass,  overlook. 

Adduce.  Offer,  present,  advance ; 
cite,  quote,  introduce,  name, 
mention;  allege. 

ANT.  Withdraw,  except,  de- 
duct, suppress,  retract. 


Adept.      Expert,    master,    profi- 
cient, genius,  veteran,  professor. 
ANT.      Novice,     tyro,     blun- 
derer, inexpert. 

Adequate.  Equal,  competent, 
fitted,  qualified,  suitable,  suffi- 
cient, capable,  adapted,  satis- 
factory ;  proportionate,  com- 
mensurate. 

ANT.  Inferior,  poor,  useless, 
worthless,  unfit,  incompetent. 

Adhere.  Stick,  cling,  cohere, 
hold,  cleave;  belong,  pertain; 
be  attached,  fixed,  or  devoted. 

ANT.  Part,  separate,  sunder, 
sever,  give  way. 

Adherence.  Tenacity,  attach- 
ment, constancy,  fidelity,  devo- 
tion, partisanship;  adhesion. 

ANT.  Desertion,  separation, 
disunion,  unfaithfulness. 

Adjacent.  Near,  close,  border- 
ing, adjoining,  contiguous,  be- 
side. 

ANT.  Separate,  distant,  re- 
mote, detached,  disconnected. 

Adjourn.  Postpone,  delay,  de- 
fer; suspend,  interrupt,  close, 
end,  dissolve. 

ANT  Despatch,  hasten,  con- 
clude, complete,  terminate,  con- 
summate. 

Adjunct.  Addition,  appendage, 
accessory,  aid,  advantage,  help ; 
colleague,  associate. 

ANT.  Detriment,  impedi- 
ment, hindrance,  obstruction, 
detraction. 

Adjure.  Entreat,  beseech,  pray, 
supplicate,  implore,  beg;  swear 

by. 

ANT.  Defy,  deprecate,  re- 
monstrate, dare,  expostulate, 
warn. 

Adjustment.  Arrangement,  dis- 
posal ;  settlement,  agreement, 
understanding;  fitting,  adapta- 
tion, conformity;  regulation, 
rectification,  accommodation. 

ANT.     Disturbance,  disorder, 


adm] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[adv 


confusion;     dissension,     diver- 
gence; non-conformity. 

Administer.  Dispense,  distrib- 
ute, supply;  direct,  manage, 
control,  superintend;  offer, 
proffer,  tender. 

ANT.  Withhold,  refuse,  re- 
tain; betray,  mismanage;  re- 
pulse, rebuff. 

Admiration.  Wonder,  approval, 
love,  surprise,  astonishment, 
appreciation,  reverence,  high 
regard. 

ANT.  Disapproval,  contempt, 
dislike. 

Admire.  Honor,  esteem,  ap- 
prove, adore,  wonder  at,  vener- 
ate, extol,  marvel  at,  applaud, 
revere,  respect. 

ANT.  Despise,  dislike,  exe- 
crate, hate,  abhor,  scorn,  de- 
test. 

Admissible.     Allowable,  lawful, 
permissible,  possible,  probable. 
ANT.     Absurd,  preposterous, 
improper,  wrong,  unlawful. 

Admission.  Admittance,  en- 
trance, access ;  avowal,  acknowl- 
edgment, concession,  concur- 
rence, allowance. 

ANT.  Denial,  contradiction, 
rejection,  negation. 

Admit.  Receive;  accept,  acknowl- 
edge, own,  confess;  permit,  al- 
low, suffer. 

ANT.  Exclude,  debar;  dis- 
oion,  deny ;  dismiss,  reject,  re- 
pudiate. 

Admonish.  Advise,  warn,  cau- 
tion, counsel,  censure,  rebuke, 
reprove;  forewarn,  remind,  dis- 
suade; instruct,  teach,  apprise, 
acquaint. 

ANT.  Encourage,  urge,  coun- 
tenance, applaud,  abet,  insti- 
gate. 

Admonition.  Caution,  warning, 
advice,  counsel,  instruction,  re- 
minder, hint,  reproof,  reprehen- 
sion. 


ANT.  Applause,  encourage- 
ment, incitement,  urging,  insti- 
gation. 

Ado.  Trouble,  toil,  labor,  pains; 
bustle,  stir,  fuss,  noise,  tur- 
moil. 

ANT.  Quiet,  calm,  compos- 
ure, tranquillity. 

Adopt.  Appropriate,  assume ; 
approve,  accept,  support,  main- 
tain ;  affiliate,  father. 

ANT.  Reject,  discard;  re- 
nounce, abandon,  disclaim;  dis- 
own, repudiate. 

Adoration.  Worship,  devotion, 
homage,  reverence,  veneration, 
idolatry. 

ANT.  Execration,  disesteem, 
abomination,  abhorrence,  hatred, 
detestation. 

Adorn.  Beautify,  decorate,  em- 
bellish, ornament,  garnish,  il- 
lustrate, gild,  bedeck,  grace, 
dignify,  honor,  exalt. 

ANT.  Mar,  spoil,  deface,  dis- 
figure, deform,  denude,  strip. 

Adroit.  Dexterous,  expert,  skil- 
ful, apt,  handy,  quick,  clever, 
ready,  deft,  ingenious,  cunning. 
ANT.  Clumsy,  unskilful? 
awkward,  bungling,  unliandy, 
maladroit. 

Adulation.  Flattery,  extrava- 
gant compliment,  fulsome 
praise,  fawning,  sycophancy, 
blandishment,  obsequiousness. 

ANT.  Defamation,  obloquy, 
ridicule,  satire,  sarcasm,  de- 
traction, aspersion,  libel. 

Adumbrate.  Shadow,  outline,, 
indicate,  hint,  trace,  delineate; 
typify,  represent,  symbolize; 
darken,  obscure,  hide,  conceal. 

ANT.  Fulfil,  realize,  em- 
body; misrepresent;  reveal,  il- 
lumine. 

Advance,  n.  Progress,  improve- 
ment, growth ;  offer,  proposal, 
overture,  tender,  proposition ; 
rise,  appreciation. 


•adv] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[adv 


ANT.  Regress,  return,  retro- 
gression; diminution;  depreci- 
ation. 

Advance,  v.  Push  or  send  for- 
ward, propel;  promote,  ele- 
vate, dignify,  exalt;  improve, 
strengthen,  benefit ;  propose, 
offer;  furnish,  lend,  loan;  in- 
crease, augment,  raise;  pro- 
ceed, progress;  thrive,  prosper; 
accelerate. 

ANT.  Retard,  hinder,  with- 
hold, withdraw;  suppress,  de- 
grade, depress;  oppose,  recall, 
weaken,  retreat;  lessen,  dimin- 
ish. 

Advantage.  Benefit,  profit,  ex- 
pediency, favorable  opportunity, 
blessing;  behalf,  account,  in- 
terest; privilege,  convenience, 
assistance,  utility,  service. 

-ANT.  Loss,  disappointment, 
frustration,  difficulty,  dilem- 
ma. 

Advent.  Approach,  coming,  ar- 
rival, accession. 

ANT.  Departure,  exit,  exo- 
dus, retirement. 

Adventitious.  Accidental,  inci- 
dental, extrinsic,  non-essential, 
foreign,  casual;  redundant,  su- 
perfluous. 

ANT.  Intrinsic,  pertinent, 
regular,  proper,  necessary,  ap- 
propriate. 

Adventure.  Chance,  hazard, 
risk,  venture,  experiment,  trial; 
event,  incident,  occurrence,  con- 
tingency, crisis. 

ANT.  Matter-of-fact,  matter- 
of-course;  prospect;  monotony, 
routine. 

Adventurous.  Bold,  daring,  ven- 
turesome, rash,  reckless,  head- 
long; dangerous,  perilous,  un- 
certain; fearless,  enterprising. 
ANT.  Timid,  nervous,  hesi- 
tating, cautious,  cowardly. 

Adversary.  Foe,  enemy,  antago- 
nist, opponent,  rival,  assailant. 


ANT.  Ally,  helper,  assistant, 
accomplice,  aider,  abettor,  ac- 
cessory. 

Adverse.  Opposite,  contrary, 
conflicting;  hostile,  injurious, 
harmful ;  unlucky,  unfortunate, 
disastrous. 

ANT.  Favorable,  friendly, 
propitious,  fortunate,  lucky. 

Adversity.  Calamity,  affliction, 
trouble,  disaster,  woe,  distress, 
suffering. 

ANT.  Success,  prosperity,  ad- 
vancement, good  luck. 

Advert  to.  Consider,  notice,  re- 
mark, heed,  attend,  refer,  al- 
lude, mention,  touch  upon;  re- 
gard. 

ANT.  Ignore,  pass,  drop, 
overlook,  omit. 

Advertent.  Mindful,  regardful, 
attentive,  watchful,  observant, 
thoughtful,  considerate,  heed- 
ful. 

ANT.  Thoughtless,  heedless, 
inconsiderate,  inattentive. 

Advertise.  Announce,  publish, 
proclaim,  declare,  circulate, 
noise  abroad ;  offer  for  sale ;  in- 
form, notify,  apprise;  promul- 
gate. 

ANT.  Suppress,  ignore,  hush, 
conceal;  mislead,  misinform. 

Advice.  Counsel,  suggestion,  ad- 
monition, instruction,  caution; 
tidings,  intelligence,  notice;  de- 
liberation, care,  forethought; 
recommendation,  exhortation, 
information. 

ANT.  Remonstrance,  re- 
straint, expostulation,  prohibi- 
tion; deception,  delusion. 

Advisable.  Judicious,  expedi- 
ent, politic,  prudent,  desirable, 
beneficial,  profitable ;  proper, 
fitting. 

ANT.  Imprudent,  undesir- 
able, inexpedient,  improper,  det- 
rimental. 

Advocate.     Counsel,  lawyer,  at- 


14  ] 


aff] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[aft 


torney;  defender,  promoter, 
friend,  patron,  supporter, 
pleader,  maintainer. 

ANT.  Accuser,  impugner, 
gainsayer,  adversary,  opponent. 
Affable.  Open,  free,  frank,  un- 
reserved ;  accessible,  familiar ; 
cordial,  social,  courteous,  polite, 
obliging,  urbane,  benign,  gra- 
cious, mild,  well-bred;  conde- 
•cending. 

ANT.  Distant,  unapproach- 
able, inaccessible,  haughty,  con- 
temptuous, supercilious. 
Affair.  Business,  concern,  func- 
tion, matter,  circumstance, 
question,  subject;  event,  inci- 
dent, occurrence,  performance; 
battle,  combat,  engagement, 
skirmish,  collision,  brush,  en- 
counter. 

ANT.     Detail,  item,  feature, 
point. 

Affect.  Influence,  change,  trans- 
form, modify,  alter;  concern, 
interest,  touch,  move,  impress; 
crave,  yearn,  desire,  like;  as- 
sume, adopt,  feign,  pretend; 
operate,  act  on;  melt,  soften, 
subdue,  overcome. 

ANT.    Shun,  repel,  repudiate, 
spurn,  dislike,  eschew. 
Affectation.      Airs,    mannerism, 
pretension,    pretense,    foppery, 
display. 

ANT.  Simplicity,  artlessness, 
naturalness,  genuineness. 
Affection.  Feeling,  passion,  at- 
tachment, fondness,  tenderness, 
love;  propensity,  disposition; 
endearment,  devotion,  partial- 
ity; attribute,  quality,  charac- 
teristic, mark. 

ANT.       Indifference,      repul- 
sion, disaffection,  repugnance. 
Affiance.    Trust,  confidence,  hom- 
age, reliance,  betrothal,  fealty, 
faith,  plighting. 

ANT.      Disloyalty,    distrust, 
treason,  suspicion,  infidelity. 


Affiliate.  Associate,  adopt,  join, 
connect,  incorporate,  annex. 

ANT.  Sever,  transplant,  sep- 
arate, disjoin,  dissociate. 

Affinity.  Relationship,  kin,  con- 
sanguinity, propinquity;  like- 
ness, resemblance,  relation,  an- 
alogy, connection,  correspon- 
dence; sympathy,  attraction. 
ANT.  Repugnance,  discord- 
ance, antipathy,  antagonism. 

Affirm.  Assert,  swear,  state,  de- 
clare, maintain,  allege,  protest, 
confirm,  ratify,  approve,  en- 
dorse, aver,  asseverate,  assure, 
avouch,  establish. 

ANT.  Deny,  doubt,  demur, 
contradict,  negative,  gainsay, 
impugn,  oppose,  dispute. 

Affirmation.  Avowal,  declara- 
tion, statement,  assertion,  tes- 
timony, deposition,  confirma- 
tion, ratification,  approval,  en- 
dorsement. 

ANT.  Doubt,  denial,  contra- 
diction, disputation,  disap- 
proval. 

Affix.  Join,  annex,  attach, 
fasten,  connect  to,  unite  to,  ap- 
pend. 

ANT.  Remove,  detach,  sepa- 
rate, unfasten. 

Affliction.  Adversity,  misfor- 
tune, grief,  sorrow,  distress, 
tribulation,  disaster,  trial,  mis- 
ery, calamity,  pain,  anguish, 
trouble,  hardship. 

ANT.  Consolation,  relief, 
blessing,  gratification,  pleasure. 

Affluence.  Wealth,  fortune, 
riches,  opulence,  abundance, 
plenty,  profusion. 

ANT.  Want,  scarcity,  pov- 
erty, penury,  lack,  indigence. 

Afford.  Supply,  furnish,  con- 
tribute, bestow,  offer,  confer, 
bear,  endure,  support,  yield,  im- 
part, administer. 

ANT.  Withhold,  deny,  re- 
tain, stint,  grudge,  withdraw. 


[  15  ] 


•ffj 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


Affray.  Quarrel,  tussle,  scuffle, 
scrimmage,  collision,  brawl,  dis- 
turbance, fight,  rumpus,  strug- 
gle, contest,  strife,  encounter, 
feud,  tumult. 

ANT.  Peace,  amity,  friend- 
ship, good  will. 

Affront.  Outrage,  insult,  abuse, 
annoyance,  displeasure,  offense, 
provocation,  wrong,  vexation, 
wound,  exasperation,  irrita- 
tion. 

ANT.  Courtesy,  homage, 
amends,  compliment,  apology. 

Afire.  Ablaze,  burning,  ignited, 
aflame. 

ANT.  Out,  quenched,  extin- 
guished. 

Afloat.  Adrift,  at  sea,  abroad, 
loose;  happening,  betiding, 
brewing. 

ANT.  Moored,  anchored, 
aground,  stranded,  fixed,  stead- 
fast, firm. 

Afoot.  Afloat,  preparing,  forth- 
coming, ready,  brewing,  on 
hand,  astir. 

ANT.  Unprepared,  unpro- 
vided for,  inactive,  sluggish, 
latent. 

Aforesaid.  Above-mentioned, 
foregoing,  preceding,  above- 
named. 

AXT.  Folloicing,  subsequent, 
subjoined,  forthcoming,  after- 
cited. 

Afraid.  Fearful,  timid,  appre- 
hensive, anxious,  alarmed,  terri- 
fied, frightened. 

ANT.  Fearless,  bold,  confi- 
dent, reckless,  venturesome,  in- 
different, secure,  hopeful,  auda- 
cious. 

Afresh.    Anew,  again,  newly,  fre- 
quently, repeatedly,  once  more. 
ANT.       Uniformly,     connect- 
edly, continuously/. 

After.  Subsequent,  later;  fol- 
lowing, behind,  rear,  back,  pos- 
terior; concerning,  about,  for, 


in  relation  to;  in  imitation,  of, 
in  the  pattern  of. 

ANT.  Before,  preceding,  in- 
troducing; in  front  of;  oppo- 
site; facing;  previous  or  prior 
to,  afore;  in  advance;  previ- 
ously, already. 

Again.  Anew,  afresh,  repeatedly ; 
further,  moreover,  besides;  on 
the  contrary;  back,  in  answer 
or  restitution,  in  return;  once 
more. 

ANT.  Once,  continuously,  un- 
interruptedly, uniformly. 

Against.  Opposite,  across,  ad- 
verse to,  counter  to,  athwart; 
facing,  fronting,  close  up  to,  in 
contact  with;  for,  in  prepara- 
tion for,  in  expectation  of;  in 
compensation  for,  in  requital 
of,  to  match. 

ANT.  With,  for,  beside,  ac- 
companying, aiding,  promoting. 

Agape.  Yawning,  open-mouthed; 
wondering,  gazing,  dazed, 
amazed ;  curious,  inquisitive, 
agog,  astare,  eager. 

ANT.  Listless,  lukewarm,  in- 
curious, indifferent. 

Age.  Duration;  period,  date, 
epoch,  time;  maturity,  genera- 
tion; era,  century. 

ANT.  Infancy,  youth,  boy- 
hood, childhood;  moment,  in- 
stant. 

Agent.  Actor,  doer,  operator, 
promoter,  performer ;  cause, 
force,  power;  deputy,  factor, 
attorney,  representative,  substi- 
tute; means,  instrument. 

ANT.  Counteragent,  counter- 
actor,  opponent,  neutralizer  ; 
chief,  principal;  originator,  in- 
ventor. 

Agglomeration.  Accumulation, 
heap,  pile,  mass,  conglomera- 
tion, cluster. 

ANT.  Disprrsion,  division, 
separation,  sifting,  dissipation. 

Aggrandize.     Exalt,  honor,  ele- 


»gg] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[aid 


vate,  dignify,  promote,  advance, 
enrich,  augment. 

ANT.  Degrade,  impoverish, 
debase,  humiliate,  dishonor, 
lower. 

Aggravate.  Exasperate,  pro- 
voke, wound,  make  worse,  inten- 
sify, embitter,  heighten. 

ANT.  Soothe,  assuage,  palli- 
ate, diminish,  conciliate,  allevi- 
ate. 

Aggregation.  Collection,  accu- 
mulation, mass,  heap,  pile, 
amount,  total,  sum,  result, 
whole,  agglomeration. 

ANT.  Dispersion,  dissipation, 
separation,  division  ;  u  n  i  t ; 
element,  individual,  ingredient, 
item. 

Aggression.  Attack,  invasion, 
encroachment,  assault,  injury, 
offense,  onslaught,  provocation, 
intrusion. 

ANT.  Retaliation,  repulsion, 
retreat,  resistance,  evacuation. 

Aghast.  Dismayed,  horrified, 
terrified,  frightened ;  amazed, 
astounded,  startled,  astonished, 
dumfounded. 

ANT.  Cool,  fearless,  indiffer- 
ent, unmoved,  unaffected,  un- 
excited. 

Agile.  Nimble,  active,  lively, 
smart,  prompt,  alert,  supple, 
brisk,  quick,  ready,  sprightly, 
spry. 

ANT.  Sloio,  heavy,  clumsy, 
bulky,  awkward,  inert,  ponder- 
ous. 

Agitate.  Disturb,  trouble,  shake, 
jar,  convulse;  excite,  rouse,  fer- 
ment; fluster,  hurry,  discon- 
cert; discuss,  controvert,  de- 
bate, examine,  ventilate,  inves- 
tigate ;  deliberate,  contrive,  de- 
vise, plan. 

ANT.  Calm,  allay,  pacify, 
smooth,  compose,  quiet /  solve, 
determine,  settle. 

Ago.     Past,  gone,  since. 


ANT.  Future,  coming,  here- 
after, hence. 

Agony.  Anguish,  torture,  tor- 
ment, distress,  throe,  panga, 
pain,  suffering,  woe,  excrucia- 
tion. 

ANT.  Assuagement,  comfort, 
relief,  composure,  ease,  enjoy- 
ment. 

Agree.  Accept,  assent,  approve 
comply,  consent,  concur,  admit, 
accede. 

ANT.  Contend,  disagree,  deny  ; 
dissent,  dispute,  protest,  oppose, 
demur,  differ;  decline. 

Agreeable.  Suitable,  proper,  ap- 
propriate, befitting,  accordant, 
conformable,  consonant,  wel- 
come, amiable,  pleasing,  grati- 
fying. 

ANT.  Unpleasant,  disoblig- 
ing, obnoxious,  disagreeable,  un- 
w^jcome,  offensive,  inharmoni- 
ous, unaccommodating. 

Agreement.  Contract,  compact, 
bond,  Bargain,  covenant,  har- 
mony, i»xison,  obligation,  under- 
taking, treaty. 

ANT.  Promise,  understand- 
ing, parole;  discord,  dissen- 
sion. 

Agriculture.  Farming,  hus- 
bandry, cultivation  of  the  soil, 
tillage. 

ANT.  Falloumess,  sterility, 
unproductiveness,  waste. 

Aground.     Ashore,  stranded,  not 
afloat;  exhausted  in  resources. 
ANT.     Afloat,  loose,  abroad, 
adrift;  flush. 

Ahead.  In  front,  forwavi,  on- 
ward, in  advance. 

ANT.  Abaft,  astern,  back,  be- 
hind, aft. 

Aid.  Help,  support,  assist,  serve, 
befriend,  minister  to,  relieve, 
succor;  supply,  give  alms  to; 
foster,  protect,  encourage,  favor. 
A  N  T  .  Oppose,  discourage, 
t7iicart,  baffle,  deter,  confront. 


[  17  ] 


all] 


SYNONYMS   ANL   ANTONYMS 


[all 


Ailing.  Sick,  ill,  indisposed,  un- 
well, feeble,  infirm,  weakly, 
delicate,  unhealthy,  pining. 

ANT.  Well,  healthy,  ener- 
getic, strong,  vigorous. 

Ailment.  Disease,  malady,  in- 
disposition, distemper,  com- 
plaint. 

ANT.  Health,  sanity,  conva- 
lescence, vigor,  recovery. 

Aim.  Direction,  course,  tendency, 
bent,  proclivity,  bearing;  inten- 
tion, purpose,  design,  scheme; 
reason ;  view,  scope,  drift,  mark, 
goal,  point;  endeavor,  attempt, 
aspiration,  determination. 

ANT.  Deviation,  divergence, 
deflection,  digression,  aberra- 
tion; tangent;  venture,  leap, 
fluke,  chance,  hazard,  specula- 
tion; neglect,  avoidance,  care- 
lessness, oversight. 

Air.  Atmosphere,  gas;  breeze, 
vapor,  zephyr,  wind;  weather; 
appearance,  aspect,  manner, 
sort,  style,  way,  behavior,  car- 
riage, bearing,  expression,  look, 
demeanor,  mien,  fashion;  tune. 

Airy.  Aerial,  thin,  rare,  ethe- 
real; light,  subtle,  sublimated; 
sprightly,  buoyant,  vivacious, 
volatile,  jolly,  jovial,  light- 
hearted;  graceful,  lithe,  pliant, 
flexible,  showy,  jaunty,  flaunt- 
ing, garish ;  windy,  empty. 

ANT.  Thick,  ponderous,  heavy, 
inert,  clumsy,  dull,  sluggish, 
wooden,  slow,  cheerless,  sullen, 
doleful,  leaden,  lugubrious. 

Akin.  Related,  allied,  homogene- 
ous, cognate,  similar,  congenial, 
sympathetic. 

ANT.  Foreign,  alien,  hostile, 
heterogeneous,  dissimilar. 

Alacrity.  Readiness,  briskness, 
activity,  quickness,  willingness, 
promptness,  compliance,  cheer- 
fulness, eagerness,  gaiety,  agil- 
ity. 
ANT.  Sloumess,  reluctance, 


repugnance,    aversion,    refusal, 
shrinking,  recoil,  disinclination. 

Alarm.  Summons,  tocsin,  dis- 
tress signal,  war-cry;  fear,  ter- 
ror, apprehension,  consterna- 
tion, dismay,  dread,  affright. 

ANT.  Lullaby;  confidence, 
quiet,  composure,  assurance, 
courage. 

Alert.  Lively,  prompt,  ready, 
prepared,  vigilant,  wide-awake, 
bustling,  active,  brisk,  nimble, 
watchful,  sprightly,  agile. 

ANT.  Slow,  lazy,  absent,  ob- 
livious, sluggish,  dilatory, 
drowsy. 

Alien,  n.    Foreigner,  stranger. 

ANT.  Citizen,  countryman, 
native,  naturalized  person. 

Alien,  a.  Strange,  foreign,  hos- 
tile, remote,  distant,  contrasted, 
contrary,  unlike,  unconnected. 
ANT.  Pertinent,  essential; 
domesticated,  naturalized;  ger- 
mane, akin,  appropriate. 

Alienation.  Estrangement,  trans- 
fer, conveyance,  disaffection, 
variance,  rupture,  breach;  (re- 
lating to  the  mind)  insanity, 
aberration,  delusion,  lunacy,  de- 
lirium, mania,  imbecility. 

ANT.  Confederacy,  coalition, 
alliance,  league,  union;  sanity, 
soundness,  sobriety,  rationality. 

Alight.  Perch,  settle,  drop,  lodge; 
dismount,  descend. 

ANT.  Soar,  spring,  ascend, 
start,  mount. 

Alike.  Similar,  kindred,  same, 
resembling,  equivalent,  homoge- 
neous, identical,  analogous,  uni- 
form, akin,  allied. 

ANT.  Different,  unequal,  dis- 
similar, unlike,  heterogeneous, 
distinct,  various. 

Aliment.       Food,     nourishment, 

subsistence,  fare,  diet,  regimen, 

nutriment,  viands,  meat,  suste* 

nance. 

ANT.    Poison,  bane;  starva* 


all] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[all 


tion,      exhaustion;      venom, 
scourge. 

Alive.  Living,  quick,  subsist- 
ing, animate,  alert,  active, 
breathing;  sensitive,  suscep- 
tible; operative;  cheerful,  joy- 
ous; brisk. 

ANT.  Dead,  defunct,  lifeless, 
deceased;  inanimate,  dull;  de- 
parted, cold;  dispirited. 

All,  n.    Whole,  totality. 

ANT.  P art,  piece,  share,  por- 
tion. 

All,  o.     Whole,  entire,  complete, 
total ;  each,  every. 
ANT.    Some,  part. 

Allay.  Repress,  restrain,  check, 
subdue,  silence,  still,  hush, 
soothe,  compose,  calm,  appease, 
lull,  alleviate,  mitigate,  solace, 
abate,  relieve,  palliate. 

ANT.  Aggravate,  arouse,  ex- 
cite, stir,  kindle,  fan,  provoke. 

Allege.  Declare,  afiirm,  claim, 
maintain,  state,  asseverate ; 
advance,  aver,  introduce;  pro- 
fess, cite. 

ANT.  Contradict,  gainsay, 
refute,  deny,  disprove,  quash. 

Allegiance.  Fealty,  loyalty,  de- 
votion, homage,  faithfulness, 
obedience. 

ANT.  Treason,  rebellion,  se- 
dition, disloyalty,  disaffection. 

Allegory.  Parable,  fable,  myth, 
story,  tale,  apologue,  metaphor, 
illustration,  simile. 

ANT.  History,  fact,  narra- 
tive, chronicle,  record. 

Alleviate.  Abate,  mitigate,  re- 
duce, relieve,  lessen,  assuage,  re- 
move, soften,  moderate,  lighten. 
ANT.  Augment,  increase, 
heighten,  intensify,  magnify,  ag- 
gravate, enhance,  embitter. 

Alliance.  Connection,  relation- 
ship, affinity;  confederacy, 
league,  union,  treaty,  copartner- 
ship, coalition;  affiliation,  simi- 
larity. 


ANT.  Separation,  estrange- 
ment, divorce;  antagonism,  dis- 
ruption, enmity,  hostility, 
schism,  secession. 

Allot.  Divide,  apportion,  dis- 
tribute, deal  out,  dispense;  as- 
sign, grant,  give,  appoint,  des- 
tine. 

ANT.  Refuse,  retain,  misdeal, 
deny,  confiscate,  appropriate, 
seize,  withhold. 

Allow.  Grant,  own,  confess,  ad- 
mit; permit,  let,  authorize; 
suffer,  tolerate,  endure;  yield, 
give,  grant;  approve,  sanction, 
abate,  remit. 

ANT.  Protest,  refuse,  deny, 
disapprove,  forbid,  disallow, 
reject,  withstand,  resist. 

Allowance.  Leave,  permission, 
sanction,  approval;  admission, 
acknowledgment,  assent;  com- 
mission; qualification,  excep- 
tion; ration. 

ANT.  Refusal,  disapproval, 
denial;  ratification,  confirma- 
tion. 

Alloy,  n.  Admixture,  adultera- 
tion, deterioration,  debasement, 
disparagement,  drawback. 

ANT.  Genuineness,  enhance- 
ment, purity,  integrity. 

Allude.  Intimate,  insinuate, 
point,  refer,  suggest,  signify, 
hint,  imply,  indicate,  mention. 

ANT.  Demonstrate,  specify, 
declare. 

Allure.  Decoy,  entice,  coax,  at- 
tract, tempt,  inveigle,  seduce. 

ANT.  Dissuade,  repel,  warn, 
chill,  damp,  drive  away,  deter, 
alarm,  terrify. 

Allusion.  Hint,  suggestion,  inti- 
mation, reference,  implication, 
innuendo. 

ANT.  Mention,  demonstra- 
tion, specification. 

Ally,  n.  Assistant,  helper,  aider, 
friend,  associate,  colleague, 
partner,  accessory,  accomplice. 


[  19 


alo] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[am* 


ANT.  Opponent,  adversary, 
foe,  enemy,  antagonist. 

Aloft.  Above,  skyward,  heaven- 
ward, overhead,  in  the  air. 

ANT.  Beneath,  earthward, 
below. 

Alone.  Solitary,  sole,  single, 
isolated. 

ANT.  Accompanied,  associ- 
ated. 

Along.  Lengthwise,  onward,  for- 
ward; together,  beside,  simul- 
taneously. 

ANT.  Across,  sidewise  or 
sideways,  lateral;  apart,  tan- 
dem. 

Aloof.  Apart,  distant,  away, 
off. 

ANT.  Close,  near,  together, 
unitedly. 

Aloud.  Distinctly,  audibly,  vo- 
ciferously, clamorously,  sonor- 
ously. 

ANT.  Softly,  silently,  inau- 
dibly. 

Also.  As  well,  likewise,  too,  sim- 
ilarly, withal,  besides,  in  addi- 
tion, in  like  manner. 

ANT.  Nevertheless,  notwith- 
standing, on  the  contrary,  but, 
yet,  in  spite  of,  on  the  other 
hand. 

Alter.  Change,  turn,  vary,  mod- 
ify, shift,  substitute,  remodel, 
transform,  convert. 

ANT.  Conserve,  perpetuate, 
preserve,  arrest,  solidify,  retain. 

Alteration.  Change,  variation, 
modification,  shifting,  muta- 
tion. 

-   ANT.      Changelessness,   iden- 
tity, fixity,  permanence. 

Altercation.  Dispute,  conten- 
tion, controversy,  difference, 
quarrel,  wrangle,  dissension. 

ANT.  Concord,  agreement, 
compromise,  reconciliation, 
unanimity,  harmony,  conso- 
nance. 

Alternate.       Reciprocal,     every 


other  one,  one  after  another,  in 
turn,  interchangeable,  mutual. 

ANT.  Continuous,  successive, 
consequent,  proximate,  sequent. 

Alternative.  Choice,  option, 
preference,  election,  pick,  re- 
source. 

ANT.  Compulsion,  quandary, 
necessity;  fixity,  changeless- 
ness. 

Although.  Albeit,  even  if,  sup- 
posing, grant  that. 

ANT.     Yet,  notwithstanding. 

Altitude.  Height,  elevation,  lof- 
tiness, ascent,  eminence. 

ANT.  Depth,  declivity,  de- 
scent, abasement. 

Altogether.  Collectively,  con- 
jointly, wholly,  quite,  com- 
pletely, totally,  utterly,  en- 
tirely, thoroughly,  fully,  in  the 
mass. 

ANT.  Partially,  piecemeal, 
by  instalments,  partly,  incom- 
pletely, by  halves,  wanting;  in- 
dividually, separately. 

Altruism.  Philanthropy,  unself- 
ishness, public  spirit,  devotion 
to  others,  self-sacrifice,  self-for- 
getfulness,  generosity. 

ANT.  Selfishness,  self-indul- 
gence, worldliness,  meanness; 
egoism. 

Always.  Ever,  forever,  eter< 
nally,  for  aye,  evermore,  ever- 
lastingly, perpetually;  uni- 
formly, invariably,  generally, 
habitually. 

ANT.  Now,  momently,  in- 
stantly, suddenly;  sometimes, 
occasionally. 

Amalgamate.  Mix,  commingle, 
unite,  combine,  blend,  com- 
pound, incorporate,  join,  fuse, 
consolidate. 

ANT.  Disintegrate,  decom- 
pose, disperse,  separate,  dissi- 
pate, analyze. 

Amaranthine.  Of  the  amaranth ; 
fadeless,  imperishable,  undying, 


[  20  1 


uma] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[ami 


immortal,  perennial;   purplish, 
amethystine. 

ANT.  Ephemeral,  perishable, 
mortal,  fading. 

Amass.  Accumulate,  heap  up, 
collect,  gather,  hoard,  store 
up. 

ANT.  Disperse,  divide,  scat- 
ter, spend,  squander,  loaste,  dis- 
sipate; portion,  distribute,  par- 
cel. 

Amateur.  Lover,  votary,  devo- 
tee; beginner,  neophyte,  nov- 
i<f,  tyro,  dilettante. 
Amazement.  Astonishment,  be- 
wilderment, wonder,  marvel, 
stupefaction,  confusion,  per- 
plexity, awe. 

ANT.  Anticipation,  calmness, 
coolness,  familiarity,  prepara- 
tion, stoicism,  self-possession, 
steadiness,  composure. 
Amazing.  Astonishing,  astound- 
ing, wonderful,  surprising,  mar- 
velous, prodigious,  strange,  mi- 
raculous, stupendous,  extraor- 
dinary. 

ANT.  Common,  familiar,  triv- 
ial, commonplace,  frequent, 
hackneyed,  usual,  customary. 
Ambagious.  Winding,  devious, 
sinuous ;  tortuous,  indirect,  eva- 
sive, circuitous;  diffuse,  dull, 
tedious;  dubious,  enigmatical, 
vague. 

ANT.  Direct,  straight,  frank, 
open,  simple,  straightfoncard, 
plain,  clear,  lucid,  unmistak- 
able. 

Ambassador.      Minister,  envoy, 
legate,  deputy,  plenipotentiary. 
Ambient.      Surrounding,  encom- 
passing, enfolding,  circling,  in- 
vesting. 

ANT.  Penetrating,  infiltrat- 
ing, permeating,  intervening. 
Ambiguous.  Doubtful,  dubious, 
uncertain,  indefinite,  vague,  ob- 
scure, indistinct,  equivocal,  en- 
igmatical. 


ANT.  Obvious,  plain,  clear, 
lucid,  unmistakable. 

Ambition.  Emulation,  rivalry, 
aspiration,  competition,  opposi- 
tion. 

ANT.  Contentment,  moder- 
ation, indifference,  satisfac- 
tion. 

Amelioration.  Amendment,  im- 
provement, promotion,  better- 
ing, elevation. 

ANT.  Degeneration,  deterio- 
ration, injury,  detriment. 

Amenable.  Liable,  responsible, 
answerable,  accountable;  open, 
impressible,  pliant,  docile. 

ANT.  Obstinate,  irrespon- 
sible, independent,  autocratic. 

Amend.  Improve,  mend,  repair, 
ameliorate,  reform,  correct, 
rectify. 

ANT.  Harm,  corrupt,  spoil, 
debase,  aggravate. 

Amends.  Compensation,  atone- 
ment, expiation,  recompense,  in- 
demnity. 

ANT.  Insult,  injury,  fault, 
offense. 

Amenity.  Softness,  mildness, 
suavity,  gentleness,  refinement, 
amiability. 

ANT.  Austerity,  ungracious- 
ness, discourtesy,  moroseness. 

Amiable.  Agreeable,  gentle,  good- 
natured,  pleasing,  winsome,  at- 
tractive, charming,  lovable. 

ANT.  Crusty,  hateful,  sullen, 
surly,  crabbed,  cruel,  unlovely, 
gruff,  disagreeable,  ill-tempered. 

Amicable.  Cordial,  kind,  friendly, 
harmonious,  peaceable,  propi- 
tious, favorable,  sociable,  ami- 
able. 

ANT.  Unkind,  cold,  distant, 
hostile,  adverse,  unfriendly. 

Amid.  Among,  between,  in  the 
midst  of,  betwixt,  surrounded 

by. 

ANT.  Outside,  without,  be- 
yond, afar  from,  away  from. 


I  21  ] 


ami] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


tani 


Amiss.  Wrong,  improper,  faulty, 
incorrect,  inaccurate,  inoppor- 
tune. 

ANT.  Correct,  right,  fault- 
less, perfect,  effective,  true. 

Amount,  n.  Sum,  total,  aggre- 
gate, whole;  effect,  substance, 
purport. 

ANT.  Portion,  instalment, 
part;  failure,  deficiency, 

Ample.  Liberal,  large,  spacious, 
plentiful,  copious,  lavish,  exu- 
berant, bountiful,  generous. 

ANT.  Niggardly,  stingy,  scant, 
mean,  narrow,  insufficient. 

Amplify.  Augment,  enlarge,  ex- 
pand, expatiate,  increase,  de- 
velop, widen,  dilate,  extend. 

ANT.  Abbreviate,  condense, 
reduce,  abridge,  amputate,  epit- 
omize, summarize. 

Amusement.  Diversion,  sport, 
play,  fun,  entertainment,  merri- 
ment, pastime,  game,  frolic, 
relaxation. 

ANT.  Weariness,  disgust,  sa- 
tiety, tedium,  monotony,  stren- 
uosity. 

Analogy.  Likeness,  relation,  re- 
semblance, similitude,  compari- 
son. 

ANT.  Unlikeness,  incongru- 
ity, disproportion,  disagree- 
ment. 

Analysis.  Separation,  dissection, 
investigation,  partition. 

ANT.  Synthesis,  composition, 
aggregation,  combination,  co- 
herence. 

Anarchy.  Misrule,  disorder,  law- 
lessness, violence,  confusion. 

ANT.  Law,  order,  government, 
control,  organization,  subjec- 
tion. 

Anatomy.  Analysis,  dissection; 
skeleton;  dismemberment. 

ANT.  Synthesis,  organization, 
union,  construction;  body. 

Ancient.  Old,  antique,  anti- 
quated, obsolete,  primeval,  aged. 


ANT.  Modern,  young,  fresh, 
new,  juvenile,  upstart. 

Ancillary.  Auxiliary,  helping, 
instrumental ;  subsidiary,  sub- 
ordinate, subservient. 

ANT.  Alien,  adverse,  redun- 
dant, obstructive,  impertinent, 
irrelative,  counteractive. 

Angelic.  Seraphic,  celestial,  pure, 
ethereal,  adorable,  rapturous, 
heavenly,  divine,  spiritual. 

ANT.  Demoniac,  demoniacal, 
diabolical,  hellish,  fiendish,  foul. 

Anger.  Fury,  ire,  offense,  pas- 
sion, choler,  indignation,  rage, 
temper,  vexation,  displeasure, 
animosity,  wrath,  resentment. 

ANT.  Patience,  self-control, 
self-restraint,  forbearance,  le- 
niency, mildness,  forgiveness, 
giveness,  charity,  lore. 

Angry.  Provoked,  indignant,  ex- 
asperated, irritated,  wrathful, 
furious,  resentful,  mad,  passion- 
ate, sulky,  piqued,  galled. 

ANT.  Calm,  unresentful, 
peaceful,  self-controlled,  good- 
tempered,  forgiving,  lenient. 

Anguish.  Agony,  torture,  tor- 
ment, pang,  acute  distress,  ex- 
treme suffering. 

ANT.  Ease,  pleasure,  relief, 
solace,  assuagement,  ecstasy. 

Animal.     Brute,  beast,  living  or- 
ganism, sentient  being;   fauna. 
ANT.  Man ;  vegetable ;  angel ; 
inanimate    object,    substance; 
soul,  spirit. 

Animate.  Enliven,  vivify, 
quicken,  invigorate,  revive, 
stimulate,  waken,  rouse,  excite, 
provoke,  encourage,  inspire, 
elate. 

ANT.  Deaden,  discourage,  de- 
ter, depress,  dishearten,  stifle.  . 

Animation.    Life,  vitality,  spirit, 

vivacity,    energy,   exhilaration, 

sprightliness,     courage,     force, 

buoyancy,  vigor,  liveliness. 

ANT.      Dulness,    deadness, 


[  22  ] 


ani] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[ant 


spiritlessness,  inertnest,  stolid- 
ity. 

Animosity.  Hatred,  enmity, 
malignity,  antipathy,  aversion, 
acrimony,  strife,  bitterness,  hos- 
tility, dissension,  malice,  an- 
ger. 

ANT.  Congeniality,  unanim- 
ity, friendship,  companionship, 
harmony,  concord,  regard,  alli- 
ance, kindness,  sympathy. 

Annals.  Chronicles,  records,  reg- 
isters, rolls,  archives. 

ANT.  Romance,  tradition, 
hearsay,  legend,  lays. 

Annex.  Add,  affix,  attach,  ad- 
join, append,  subjoin,  tag,  join, 
unite,  connect. 

ANT.  Detach,  disconnect, 
withdraw,  separate,  remove,  dis- 
engage. 

Annihilation.  Extermination, 
obliteration,  eradication,  de- 
struction; non-existence;  obliv- 
ion, non-being,  eternal  blank; 
Nirvana. 

ANT.  Perpetuation,  immor- 
tality; genesis,  evolution,  de- 
velopment. 

Annotation.  Note,  comment,  re- 
mark, observation,  gloss,  scho- 
lium, explanation,  illustration, 
elucidation. 

ANT.  Narrative,  text,  asser- 
tion, proposition,  statement. 

Announce.  Proclaim,  publish,  re- 
port, herald,  make  known,  state, 
reveal,  tell,  declare,  communi- 
cate, promulgate,  circulate, 
enunciate. 

ANT.  Suppress,  secrete,  hide, 
cover  up,  conceal,  bury,  with- 
hold. 

Announcement.  Notice,  procla- 
mation, declaration,  advertise- 
ment, notification,  manifesto, 
promulgation. 

ANT.  Suppression,  conceal- 
ment, secrecy,  equivocation,  am- 
biguity, insinuation. 


Annoyance.  Trouble,  discom- 
fort, vexation,  torment,  inflic- 
tion, nuisance,  irritation. 

ANT.  Oratification,  delight, 
ease,  pleasure,  relief. 

Annual,  n.  Yearly  publication, 
year-book,  annals;  plant  living 
but  a  year. 

ANT.  Perennial,  biennial,  tri- 
ennial; exotic. 

Annul.  Cancel,  abrogate,  recall, 
repeal,  revoke,  countermand,  re- 
verse, reached,  abolish,  nullify, 
supersede,  invalidate. 

ANT.  Conserve,  confirm, 
maintain,  enact,  establish. 

Anomalous.  Abnormal,  unnat- 
ural, irregular,  peculiar,  excep- 
tional, aberrant,  unusual,  sin- 
gular, eccentric,  erratic. 

ANT.  Normal,  regular,  usual, 
ordinary,  common,  iconted. 

Anon.  Soon,  shortly,  forthwith, 
immediately,  instantly,  directly, 
ere  long;  afterward,  presently, 
again. 

ANT.  Herewith, now; already, 
previously. 

Anonymous.  Nameless,  unac- 
knowledged, of  unknown  author- 
ship. 

ANT.  Identified,  authorized, 
authenticated,  attested,  signed. 

Answer,  v.  Reply,  rejoin,  re- 
spond; be  accountable,  respon- 
sible, or  liable,  go  surety;  cor- 
respond, be  similar;  do,  serve, 
suit,  pass;  refute,  defend;  sat- 
isfy, fulfil. 

ANT.  Challenge,  defy,  ques- 
tion, interrogate,  query,  sum- 
mon. 

Answerable.  Refutable,  respon- 
sible, amenable,  liable,  account- 
able ;  corresponding,  correla- 
tive, suitable,  proportionate. 

ANT.  Independent,  irrespon- 
sible, irrefutable;  unsuitable, 
dissimilar,  different. 

Antagonism.      Opposition,   con» 


[  23  ] 


«nt] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[apo 


tradiction,  hostility,  animosity, 
enmity. 

ANT.  Amity,  alliance,  associ- 
ation. 

Antecedent,  a.  Preceding,  pre- 
vious, prior,  foregoing,  anterior, 
precursory. 

ANT.  Subsequent,  posterior, 
sequent,  following. 

Antedate.  Date  before  the  true 
time ;  anticipate,  forestall,  fore- 
taste. 

ANT.  Postdate,  follow,  suc- 
ceed, supervene. 

Anticipate.  Forestall,  expect, 
foretaste,  antedate,  forecast,  ap- 
prehend, hope  for,  look  forward 
to. 

ANT.  Postdate,  follow;  re- 
flect upon,  recall,  recollect,  re- 
member; despair  of,  doubt, 
dread,  fear. 

Anticipation.  Expectation,  pros- 
pect, hope,  trust,  contempla- 
tion, abeyance,  foreboding,  ap- 
prehension, presentiment;  pre- 
science, prevision,  forethought. 
ANT.  Realization,  consum- 
mation, despair,  enjoyment,  sur- 
prise, doubt,  dread,  wonder, 
fear. 

Antipathy.  Repugnance,  repul- 
sion, aversion,  detestation,  ab- 
horrence, hatred,  hostility, 
loathing. 

ANT.  Attraction,  affinity, 
congeniality,  sympathy,  har- 
mony. 

Antiquated.  Quaint,  obsolete, 
bygone,  ancient,  archaic,  old- 
fashioned. 

ANT.  Modern,  modish,  new, 
recent,  stylish,  fashionable, 
fresh. 

Antiquity.  Ancient  times,  eld. 
early  days;  ancients,  people  of 
early  days;  great  age;  (pi.) 
relics  of  ancient  days,  archeol- 
ogy. 

ANT.     Modernity;   futurity, 


eventuality,  posterity ;  the  pres- 
ent, to-day. 

Anxiety.  Perplexity,  apprehen- 
sion, care,  concern,  solicitude, 
worry,  dread,  trouble,  forebod- 
ing, misgiving,  eagerness,  diffi- 
dence. 

ANT.  Ease,  confidence,  con- 
tentment, apathy,  acquiescence, 
calmness,  nonchalance,  assur- 
ance. 

Apathy.  Stoicism,  calmness, 
composure,  lethargy,  uncon- 
cern, indifference,  insensibility, 
immobility,  quietude,  phlegm, 
stillness. 

ANT.  Fury,  frenzy,  suscepti- 
bility, sensitiveness,  anxiety, 
excitement,  agitation,  feeling, 
passion,  vehemence,  emotion. 

Ape,  v.  Mimic,  imitate,  counter- 
feit, copy,  affect,  personate, 
represent. 

ANT.     Vary,  modify,  change. 

Aperture.  Opening,  hole,  gap, 
rift,  chasm,  loophole,  orifice, 
cleft. 

ANT.  Closure,  blank  wall; 
seclusion,  imperviousness. 

Apex.  Acme,  vertex,  pinnacle, 
summit. 

ANT.    Base,  nadir,  foot,  root. 

Aphorism.  Adage,  maxim,  prov- 
erb, saying,  dictum,  apothegm, 
saw. 

ANT.  Lecture,  disquisition, 
discourse,  sermon. 

Apiece.  Each,  individually,  sev- 
erally, distributively,  sepa- 
rately. 

ANT.  Together,  collectively, 
synthetically,  in  the  aggre- 
gate. 

Apocalyptic.  Tn  or  from  "  The 
Revelation  of  St.  John  the 
Divine";  prophetic,  mystical, 
mysterious;  manifesting,  re- 
vealing, unveiling. 

ANT.  Concealing,  obscuringt 
shrouding,  eclipsing. 


t  24  ] 


apo] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[app 


Apocryphal.  Unauthentic,  un- 
canonical,  legendary,  fictitious, 
false,  equivocal,  doubtful,  spu- 
rious. 

ANT.  Palpable,  authorized, 
accepted,  authentic,  genuine, 
current,  verified,  attested. 

Apology.  Plea,  excuse,  defense, 
confession,  acknowledgment, 
justification,  vindication,  ex- 
planation, extenuation. 

ANT.  Charge,  censure,  im- 
putation, condemnation,  insult, 
complaint,  offense,  wrong. 

Apostate.  Renegade,  turncoat, 
backslider,  deserter,  pervert, 
traitor. 

ANT.  Adherent,  supporter, 
zealot,  dogmatist,  fanatic. 

Apothegm.  Saying,  dictum, 
proverb,  aphorism,  precept,  by- 
word. 

ANT.  Sermon,  discourse,  ti- 
rade, harangue. 

Appall.  Terrify,  frighten,  dis- 
may, shock,  daunt,  alarm,  af- 
fright. 

ANT.    Reassure,  embolden. 

Apparel.  Clothes,  dress,  rai- 
ment, attire,  costume,  habit, 
guise,  garments,  robes,  ves- 
ture, wardrobe,  equipment, 
trappings. 

ANT.  Nudity,  deshabille, 
rags,  tatters. 

Apparent.  Seeming,  probable, 
likely,  obvious,  conspicuous, 
manifest,  clear,  patent,  evident, 
plain,  legible,  specious. 

ANT.  Real,  hidden,  dubious, 
improbable,  doubtful,  unimag- 
inable, unsupposable,  minute. 

Appeal.  Address,  invoke,  en- 
treat, implore,  supplicate,  sue, 
petition. 

ANT.  Protest,  defy,  abjure, 
disdain,  deprecate,  repudiate. 

Appearance.  Semblance,  look, 
show,  pretense,  guise,  fashion; 
arrival,  advent,  apparition;  de- 


meanor, air,  complexion,  man- 
ner. 

ANT.  Disappearance,  eva- 
nition,  departure,  vanishing. 

Appease.  Calm,  pacify,  soothe, 
quell,  mollify,  mitigate,  lull; 
propitiate,  placate,  satisfy,  rec- 
oncile. 

ANT.  Aggravate,  exasperate, 
provoke,  inflame,  incense,  eat- 
cite. 

Appellation.  Epithet,  title,  de- 
scription, designation,  name. 

ANT.  Anonymousness,  name- 
lessness. 

Appendage,  Appendix.  At- 
tachment, addition,  adjunct, 
supplement. 

ANT.  Main  body,  original, 
whole,  total. 

Appertain.  Belong,  inhere,  ad- 
here, regard,  concern,  touch,  re- 
late. 

ANT.  Be  remote,  far-fetched, 
or  forced,  have  no  bearing  upon. 

Appetite.  Longing,  craving,  de- 
sire, relish,  gust,  zest,  liking. 

ANT.  Aversion,  loathing,  re~ 
pugnance,  antipathy,  disgust. 

Applause.  Praise,  approbation, 
commendation,  compliment, 
plaudit,  acclamation,  eclat, 
clapping  of  hands. 

ANT.  Denunciation,  censure, 
blame,  sibilation,  vituperationf 
hissing. 

Appliances,  n.  pi.  Means,  in- 
struments, appointments,  ap- 
purtenances, tools,  adjuncts, 
equipment ;  resources,  steps, 
measures,  ways;  contrivances. 

Applicable.      Fit,    appropriate, 
suitable,  pertinent,  apt,  proper, 
relevant,  germane ;   adjustable. 
ANT.    Irrelevant,  useless,  un- 
available, impertinent. 

Applicant.  Petitioner,  solicitor, 
suitor,  candidate,  aspirant. 

Apply.  Use,  employ,  exercise, 
appropriate^  execute,  carry  out, 


[  25  ] 


app] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[app 


practice;  devote,  engage,  dedi- 
cate; request,  petition. 

ANT.  Divert,  misuse,  dis- 
card, divorce. 

Appoint.  Determine,  establish, 
fix;  assign,  allot,  designate; 
nominate,  name,  create;  equip, 
supply,  furnish;  direct,  com- 
mand, decree,  enjoin,  impose,  re- 
quire, ordain. 

ANT.  Reserve,  cancel,  dis- 
arrange, reverse,  unthhold,  re- 
tain, undo,  suspend,  recall, 
withdraw. 

Appointment.  Assignation,  as- 
signment, agreement,  arrange- 
ment; meeting,  tryst;  station, 
position,  office,  place;  decree, 
command,  order,  edict,  ordi- 
nance, mandate,  requirement, 
law. 

Apportion.  Appoint,  allot,  ap- 
propriate, divide,  distribute, 
share,  grant,  dispense,  assign, 
deal. 

ANT.  Retain,  collect,  con- 
solidate, receive,  gather,  di- 
vert. 

Apposite.  Apt,  pertinent,  suit- 
able, seasonable,  apropos,  fit, 
applicable,  adapted. 

ANT.  Untimely,  irrelevant, 
unfitting,  impertinent,  mis- 
placed. 

Appraise.  Estimate,  prize, 
value,  rate,  fix  a  price  for,  sur- 
vey, assess,  assize. 

ANT.  Undervalue,  discard, 
misprize;  discount,  rebate,  al- 
low. 

Appreciate.  Estimate  justly, 
value  highly,  esteem,  prize, 
raise  the  value  of;  recognize, 
respect. 

ANT.  Undervalue,  misjudge, 
ignore,  misconceive;  depreciate, 
disdain. 

Apprehend.  Arrest,  seize,  take, 
catch,  capture;  imagine,  con- 
ceive, regard;  perceive,  realize, 


understand,    appreciate;    fear, 
forebode. 

ANT.  Miss,  lose,  misundeT' 
stand,  ignore,  misconceive. 

Apprehension.  Arrest,  cap- 
ture; understanding,  intelli- 
gence, mind,  reason ;  notice,  cog- 
nizance ;  conception,  imagina- 
tion ;  knowledge,  discernment, 
perception,  sense;  opinion, 
fancy,  sentiment,  notion,  fear, 
suspicion,  anxiety. 

ANT.  Escape,  non-detection; 
sensibility,  emotion;  apathy, 
lethargy;  illiteracy,  stupidity, 
stolidity;  confidence,  noncha- 
lance. 

Apprise.      Give   notice,    inform, 
tell,  publish,  advise,  acquaint. 
ANT.    Deceive,  mislead,  hood- 
wink, mystify. 

Approach,  v.  Advance,  draw 
near,  bring  near,  go  near,  push ; 
broach,  address  confidentially; 
resemble  closely,  be  like,  simi- 
lar, or  equal. 

ANT.  Diverge,  retreat,  go 
back;  retard,  restrain;  be  un- 
like. 

Approbation.  Praise,  commen- 
dation, approval,  liking;  sup- 
port, consent,  sanction,  indorse- 
ment, concurrence,  assent. 

ANT.  Censure,  protest,  de- 
nial, disapproval,  dissatisfac- 
tion. 

Approve.  Praise,  commend, 
sanction,  support,  encourage, 
authorize. 

ANT.  Disparage,  condemn, 
disown,  repudiate,  dislike. 

Approximation.  Approach, 
nearness,  similarity,  likeness, 
contiguity,  resemblance,  pro- 
pinquity, neighborhood. 

ANT.  Remoteness,  variation, 
distance,  difference,  divergence. 

Appurtenant.  Belonging,  con- 
nected, appended,  attached,  co- 
ordinate. 


I  26  ] 


apr] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[art 


ANT.  Isolated,  detached,  un- 
allied,  independent. 

A  priori.  Theoretically;  neces- 
sarily, apodictically,  constitu- 
tionally, absolutely,  primordi- 
ally,  inductively. 

ANT.  A  posteriori;  practi- 
cally, according  to  experience; 
deductively  from  facts. 

Apropos.  Opportune,  seasonable, 
apposite,  timely,  apt,  suitable. 

ANT.  Inopportune,  irrele- 
vant, untimely,  inapt,  unsuit- 
able. 

Aptitude.  Disposition,  knack, 
endowment,  tendency,  inclina- 
tion, fitness,  suitability,  bias, 
propensity. 

ANT.  Unreadiness,  unskilful- 
ness,  repugnance,  incongruity. 

Arbiter.  Umpire,  judge,  referee ; 
controller,  master,  lord. 

ANT.  Appellant,  claimant, 
litigant,  disputant. 

Arbitrary.  Despotic,  autocratic, 
tyrannical,  overbearing,  pe- 
remptory; capricious,  wilful, 
fanciful;  imperious,  dictatorial. 
ANT.  Considerate,  lenient, 
obliging,  equitable. 

Arbitration.  Mediation,  inter- 
cession, interposition,  interven- 
tion; arbitrament,  umpirage, 
trial,  judgment,  decision. 

ANT.  Litigation,  contention, 
disputation,  appeal,  dissension. 

Ardent.  Passionate,  fervent,  in- 
tense, vehement,  fierce,  fiery; 
hot,  burning;  zealous,  enthusi- 
astic, strenuous. 

ANT.     Cool,  cold,  indifferent, 

,  torpid,  apathetic,  dispassionate, 
phlegmatic. 

Argument.  Reasoning,  proof, 
evidence,  controversy,  discus- 
sion, debate;  subject,  topic, 
theme,  thesis;  summary,  ab- 
stract, outline. 

ANT.  Assertion,  assumption; 
dogma. 


Aridity.  Dryness,  parchedness, 
sterility,  unfertility,  barren- 
ness; dulness,  indifference,  tor- 
pidity, insensibility. 

ANT.  Moisture,  fertility,  ver- 
dancy, luxuriance,  productivity. 

Arise.  Ascend,  mount,  get  up, 
stand  up;  rebel,  revolt;  result, 
eventuate. 

ANT.  Descend,  dismount; 
submit,  cower;  cause,  instigate. 

Aristocracy.  Government  of 
nobles;  nobility,  peerage,  gen- 
try. 

ANT.  Democracy;  people, 
populace,  masses,  rabble. 

Arm,  v.     Equip,  array,  furnish, 

gird,  accouter,  provide;  fortify, 

cover,  protect,  guard;  prepare. 

ANT.   Divest,  disarm;  expose. 

Army.  Soldiery,  legion,  arma- 
ment, forces,  host,  phalanx, 
troops. 

ANT.     Individual;  citizens. 

Aromatic.  Fragrant,  spicy, 
balmy,  redolent,  odoriferous, 
ambrosial. 

ANT.  Scentless,  malodorous, 
fetid,  offensive,  noisome,  rank. 

Arouse.  Excite,  provoke,  insti- 
gate, stimulate,  animate,  kindle, 
warm,  whet,  summon,  awaken. 

ANT.  Allay,  mitigate,  mod- 
erate, still,  quiet,  assuage,  quell. 

Arraign.  Accuse,  charge,  indict, 
impeach,  denounce;  prosecute- 

ANT.  Acquit,  discharge,  con- 
done, release. 

Arrange.  Settle,  determine,  ad- 
just; dispose,  group,  marshall, 
rank,  range,  distribute,  place; 
plan,  contrive,  project,  devise, 
construct,  organize. 

ANT.  Confuse,  disturb, 
jumble,  disperse,  disorder,  de- 
range. 

Array,  n.  Order,  parade,  show, 
exhibition,  collection,  arrange- 
ment,  line  of  battle,  disposi- 
tion. 


[  27  ] 


arr] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[asp 


ANT.  Disorder,  confusion, 
jumble. 

Arrest.  Apprehend,  capture, 
seize,  detain,  hold,  take  pris- 
oner; stop. 

ANT.  Liberate,  free,  dismiss, 
release,  discharge;  expedite. 

Arrival.    Advent, coming;  comer, 
person  or  thing  arrived. 
ANT.     Departure,  going. 

Arrive.     Reach,  get  to,  come ;  at- 
tain, touch,  overtake;  happen. 
ANT.      Depart,    set    out    or 
forth,  be  gone. 

Arrogant.  Haughty,  insolent, 
proud,  lordly,  disdainful,  su- 
percilious, self-important,  ego- 
istic, overbearing,  dogmatic, 
imperious. 

ANT.  Humble,  diffident,  po- 
lite, bashful,  servile,  consider- 
ate. 

Art.  Craft,  business,  calling,  em- 
ployment, trade;  practical 
knowledge ;  creation  of  beauty ; 
skill,  dexterity,  sagacity,  apti- 
tude, cleverness,  ingenuity ; 
cunning,  artifice,  deceit,  guile. 
ANT.  Misrepresentation,  cari- 
cature; candor,  simplicity;  in- 
competency,  inability. 

Article.  Tiling,  substance,  com- 
modity; part,  portion,  particu- 
lar, point,  item,  member;  essay, 
paper,  monograph,  brochure. 

AXT.  Nothing, nullity, cipher; 
totality,  entirety,  unity,  integer. 

Articulate.  Join,  unite,  connect, 
fasten  together;  enunciate,  ut- 
ter distinctly,  pronounce. 

ANT.  Disperse,  separate, 
rend,  dissect,  disjoin,  discon- 
nect; whisper;  render  mute,  si- 
lence, muzzle. 

Artifice.  Cunning,  craft,  machi- 
nation, stratagem,  guile,  device, 
contrivance,  cheat,  imposture, 
trick,  ruse,  maneuver,  wile. 

ANT.  Fairness,  frankness, 
candor,  openness,  sincerity, 


truth,  honesty,  artlessness,  in- 
genuousness, simplicity. 

Artificial.  Unnatural,  factitious ; 
feigned,  counterfeit,  fictitious, 
spurious,  sham ;  affected,  forced, 
strained. 

ANT.  Natural,  genuine,  spon- 
taneous, transparent,  artless, 
unaffected. 

Artist.  Designer,  contriver, 
skilled  workman,  artisan;  me- 
chanic, operative;  painter; 
sculptor,  carver;  master,  mas- 
ter-hand. 

Ascend.  Rise,  mount,  soar,  as- 
pire, go  up,  tower. 

ANT.    Descend,  fall,  sink. 

Ascendancy.  Power,  authority, 
sway,  dominion,  rule,  mastery, 
control,  government,  influence. 

ANT.  Subordination,  ser- 
vility. 

Ascertain.  Determine,  establish, 
settle,  flx,  define,  verify;  dis- 
cover, find  out,  get  at. 

ANT.  Guess,  surmise,  sup- 
pose, presume,  conjecture. 

Ascetic.  Austere,  rigid,  severe, 
self-denying,  abstinent,  stern, 
puritanical. 

ANT.  Lenient,  indulgent, 
epicurean,  pampered,  mild,  tol- 
erant. 

Ascribe.     Impute,  attribute,  as- 
sign,  refer,   charge,   set   down. 
ANT.      Dissociate,    exclude; 
deny,  refuse;  disconnect. 

Ask.  Request,  petition,  solicit, 
entreat,  beg,  beseech,  suppli- 
cate, require  of,  crave,  demand. 
AXT.  Refuse,  reject,  deny; 
command,  claim,  exact,  extort, 
enforce,  insist. 

Aspect.  Air,  mien,  look,  counte- 
nance,  expression,  feature,  bear- 
ing; state,  attitude,  posture, 
condition,  appearance;  direc- 
tion, outlook,  prospect. 

Asperity.  Acrimony,  sourness, 
sharpness;  sternness,  severity, 


I  28  1 


asp] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[ass 


bitterness,    sullenness,    ill-tem- 
per; roughness,  unevenness. 

ANT.  Sweetness,  pleasant- 
ness; gentleness,  mildness ; 
smoothness. 

Asperse.  Slander,  calumniate, 
traduce,  vilify,  attack,  abuse, 
blemish,  besmirch,  vituperate, 
disparage,  censure,  slur,  malign. 
ANT.  Eulogize,  vindicate, 
clear,  defend,  extol,  praise, 
shield. 

Aspiration.  Pronouncing  with 
the  rough  breathing;  yearning, 
longing,  ardent  desire,  craving, 
spiritual  ambition. 

ANT.  Apathy,  inertia,  indif- 
ference, dulness,  aversion,  re- 
pudiation, avoidance. 

Assault.  Attack,  invation, 
charge,  onset,  onslaught,  ag- 
gression. 

ANT.  Resistance,  defense,  re- 
pulsion, retaliation,  undermin- 
ing. 

Assemble.  Gather,  collect,  con- 
vene, congregate,  meet,  come 
together. 

ANT.  Disperse,  scatter,  dis- 
miss. 

Assembly.  Concourse,  company, 
gathering,  congregation,  as- 
semblage, meeting,  convocation, 
throng ;  congress,  parliament, 
legislature,  synod,  diet,  coun- 
cil, convention;  ball,  dance, 
dancing  party. 

ANT.  Dispersion,  dismissal, 
disunion,  disruption. 

Assent,  n.  Acquiescence,  ac- 
knowledgment, approval,  con- 
currence, approbation,  accord, 
consent,  agreement,  compliance. 
ANT.  Disagreement,  dissent, 
difference,  protest,  declension. 

Assertion.  Asseveration,  prot- 
estation, allegation ;  position, 
statement,  word,  declaration; 
vindication,  defense,  mainte- 
nance. 


ANT.  Denial,  contradiction, 
abandonment,  protest,  dis- 
avowal, retraction,  repudiation, 
confutation,  abjuration. 
Assess.  Tax,  value,  appraise,  es- 
timate, compute,  fix,  assign,  de- 
termine, impose. 

ANT.  Discount,  rebate,  uA- 
low. 

Assiduous.  Diligent,  industri- 
ous, untiring,  indefatigable,  de- 
voted, constant,  attentive, 
painstaking,  laborious,  persist- 
ent, active. 

ANT.  Indolent,  remiss,  inat- 
tentive, lazy,  desultory,  incon- 
stant. 

Assignment.  Appointment,  al- 
lotment; specification,  fixing, 
determination,  offer,  presenta- 
tion; transfer,  allowance. 

ANT.     Withdrawal,  refusal; 
acceptance,  reception. 
Assimilate.    Make  similar,  cause 
to  resemble;   digest,  appropri- 
ate, incorporate,  absorb. 

ANT.  Contrast,  reject,  sepa- 
rate, segregate. 

Assist.  Help,  aid,  succor,  re- 
lieve, support,  befriend,  serve; 
speed,  sustain,  promote,  fur- 
ther, cooperate  with,  patronize. 

ANT.  Hinder,  oppose,  an- 
tagonize, prevent,  resist,  coun- 
teract. 

Associate,  n.  Companion,  com- 
rade, chum,  friend,  helpmate, 
partner,  colleague,  coadjutor, 
accomplice,  ally,  consort,  con- 
federate, peer. 

ANT.  Antagonist,  enemy,  foe, 
opponent,  rival,  stranger,  op- 
poser. 

Association.  Federation,  fellow- 
ship, alliance,  companionship, 
society,  union,  partnership, 
lodge,  company,  confederacy, 
corporation,  fraternity,  club. 

ANT.  Solitude;  disintegra- 
tion; independence,  separation, 


ass] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[att 


disunion,  estrangement,  disrup- 
tion, avoidance;  individuality. 

Assortment.  Arrangement,  al- 
lotment, distribution;  set,  class, 
group,  parcel,  collection;  vari- 
ety, miscellany. 

ANT.  Disarrangement,  dis- 
placement, misplacement j  con- 
glomeration. 

Assuage.      Soothe,  pacify,  miti- 
gate, ease,  alleviate,  abate,  calm. 
ANT.     Excite,   inflame,   pro- 
voke, aggravate,  exasperate. 

Assume.  Arrogate,  feign,  pre- 
tend, take,  usurp,  accept,  affect, 
appropriate,  claim. 

ANT.  Waive,  allow,  surren- 
der; doff;  concede,  grant,  aban- 
don, resign;  demonstrate,  prove, 
argue. 

Assumption.  Presumption,  hy- 
pothesis, theory,  postulate,  con- 
jecture ;  acceptance  of,  responsi- 
bility for;  usurpation,  arro- 
gance, haughtiness,  conceit, 
lordliness,  impudence,  effront- 
ery. 

ANT.  Truth,  fact;  timidity, 
distrust,  misgiving,  consterna- 
tion. 

Assurance.  Confidence,  effront- 
ery, presumption,  assumption, 
arrogance,  impudence,  self-re- 
liance, boldness,  assertion; 
pledge. 

ANT.  Doubt,  distrust,  hesi- 
tancy, misgiving,  timidity,  con- 
fusion, dismay,  shyness. 

Astonish.      Amaze,  startle,  sur- 
prise, astound,  stupefy,  stagger. 
ANT.     Encourage,  embolden, 
assure. 

Astute.  Keen,  discerning,  acute, 
sagacious,  shrewd,  sharp,  cun- 
ning, subtle,  discriminating, 
knowing,  perspicacious,  crafty. 
ANT.  Stupid,  unintelligent, 
imbecile,  dull,  idiotic,  short- 
sighted, shallow. 

Atrocious.       Infamous,      outra- 


geous, nefarious,  villainous,  dia- 
bolical, heinous,  flagrant,  hor- 
rible. 

ANT.  Humane,  noble,  honor- 
able, admirable,  chivalrous,  gen- 
erous. 

Attachment.  Adherence,  friend- 
ship, regard,  tenderness,  love, 
esteem,  affection,  devotion,  in- 
clination, union. 

ANT.  A lienation,  aversion, 
coolness,  distance,  estrange- 
ment, indifference,  antipathy, 
animosity,  dislike,  enmity,  di- 
vorce. 

Attack,  v.  Assault,  storm,  as- 
sail, invade,  charge,  rush  upon, 
spring  upon ;  censure,  criticize ; 
combat,  besiege,  beset. 

ANT.  Withstand,  defend,  re- 
sist, support,  shield,  aid,  up- 
hold, shelter,  vindicate,  protest. 

Attain.      Achieve,   accomplish, 
gain,  master,  secure,  earn,  ob- 
tain, win,  acquire,  accomplish. 
ANT.     Lose,  fail  of,  forfeit, 
give  up,  abandon,  let  go,  miss. 

Attainment.  Winning,  getting, 
accomplishing,  securing;  eru- 
dition, acquirement,  wisdom, 
accomplishment,  mental  re- 
sources, information,  learning, 
enlightenment. 

ANT.  Inspiration,  intuition, 
genius;  ignorance. 

Attempt.     Try,  undertake,  seek, 
endeavor,  essay,  attack,  strive. 
ANT.     Abandon,  shun,  drop, 
dismiss,  negleot. 

Attendance.  Presence;  persons 
present;  train,  retinue;  minis- 
tration, service,  waiting  on. 

ANT.  Absence;  non-atten- 
dance; neglect,  abandonment. 

Attention.  Care,  notice,  obser- 
vation, consideration,  watchful- 
ness, alertness;  study,  reflec- 
tion, application ;  respect,  cour- 
tesy, politeness,  civility,  regard  j 
courtship,  devotion,  wooing. 


[  30 


att] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[aut 


ANT.  Indifference,  careless- 
ness, heedlessness,  abstraction, 
distraction,  absence  of  mind; 
neglect,  preoccupation,  ignor- 
ing. 

Attenuate.  Rarefy,  thin,  reduce, 
diminish,  make  slender,  slim,  or 
spare,  lessen. 

ANT.  Amplify,  dilate,  swell, 
develop,  enlarge,  broaden,  ex- 
pand, increase. 

Attest.  Bear  witness,  certify, 
indorse,  corroborate,  support, 
authenticate;  invoke,  adjure; 
prove,  show,  manifest,  exhibit. 

ANT.  Controvert,  contradict, 
disprove,  deny,  upset,  refute; 
conceal;  vitiate. 

Attire.  Dress,  apparel,  robes, 
garments,  habiliments,  habit, 
raiment,  uniform,  costume,  liv- 
ery. 

ANT.    Nudity,  nakedness. 

Attitude.      Position,    pose,   pos- 
ture, situation,  standing,  aspect. 
ANT.      State,    condition,    es- 
sence; amorphism. 

Attraction.  Drawing,  allure- 
ment, lure,  fascination,  charm, 
enticement,  witchery,  grace. 

ANT.  Repulsion,  aversion, 
disinclination,  repugnance. 

Attribute,  n.  Quality,  property, 
characteristic,  peculiarity, 
mark. 

ANT.  Essence,  substance,  na- 
ture, being. 

Attribute,  v.  Ascribe,  assign, 
impute,  refer,  charge,  connect, 
associate. 

ANT.  Separate,  sever,  sun- 
der, disconnect,  deny,  dissociate. 

Audacious.  Bold,  daring,  fear- 
less, courageous,  venturesome, 
intrepid,  dauntless ;  presumptu- 
ous, forward,  assuming,  impu- 
dent, impertinent,  insolent, 

ANT.  Timid,  cowardly,  cau- 
tious; unenterprising;  retiring. 

Augur,  v.    Foretell,  portend,  pre- 


dict, presage,  prophesy,  divine, 
prognosticate,  betoken. 

ANT.  Demonstrate,  estab- 
lish, settle,  prove,  warrant,  cal- 
culate. 

August.  Awful,  imposing,  ma- 
jestic, stately,  grand,  regal, 
kingly,  princely,  noble,  dig- 
nified. 

ANT.  Mean,  common,  vulgar, 
beggarly,  commonplace,  paltry. 

Auspicious.  Successful,  fortu- 
nate, lucky,  happy,  prosperous; 
propitious,  promising,  oppor- 
tune, favorable. 

ANT.  Hopeless,  abortive,  un- 
promising, unsatisfactory,  dis- 
couraging. 

Austere.  Severe,  hard,  stiff,, 
stern,  uncompromising,  unre- 
lenting, ascetic,  rigid,  formal. 

ANT.  Affable,  kindly,  indul- 
gent, genial,  bland,  mild,  ten- 
der. 

Authentic.  Genuine,  trust- 
worthy, veritable,  accepted,  au- 
thorized, certain,  accredited, 
sure,  true,  reliable,  original, 
legitimate. 

ANT.  False,  fictitious,  spuri- 
ous, unauthorized,  apocryphal, 
fabulous,  counterfeit. 

Author.  Creator,  maker,  con- 
triver, originator,  inventor ; 
writer,  composer. 

ANT.  Destroyer,  demolisher, 
spoiler,  annihilator. 

Authority.  Power,  government, 
empire,  dominion;  supremacy, 
control,  influence,  interest;  or- 
der, precept,  sanction,  liberty, 
warranty;  expert,  master,  con- 
noisseur. 

ANT.  Anarchy,  license,  in- 
subordination, misrule,  lynch 
law;  embargo,  restriction,  hin- 
drance, proscription,  prohibi- 
tion, injunction,  interdiction; 
weakness,  wrong,  usurpation. 

Autocratic.      Absolute,     unlim- 


[  31  ] 


aut] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[awls 


ited,  tyrannical,  oppressive, 
disdainful,  overbearing,  arro- 
gant. 

ANT.      Subordinate,   depend- 
ent, responsible,  Constitutional. 
Automatic.       Self-moving,    self- 
acting. 

ANT.  Voluntary,  free,  op- 
tional. 

Auxiliary,  n.  Assistant,  helper, 
confederate,  aid,  ally,  acces- 
sory, promoter,  subordinate. 

ANT.     Opponent,  antagonist, 
hinderer,  opposer. 
Available.      Serviceable,  useful, 
profitable,   beneficial,   advanta- 
geous. 

ANT.    Useless,  inappropriate, 
irrelevant,  inoperative. 
Avaricious.        Grasping,  sordid, 
greedy,      covetous,      miserly, 
stingy. 

ANT.  Liberal,  bountiful,  ex- 
travagant, wasteful,  prodigal, 
unselfish. 

Avenge.  Punish,  retaliate,  re- 
venge, vindicate. 

ANT.  Forgive,  pardon,  over- 
look, condone,  waive,  forego, 
remit. 

Avenue.    Access,  entrance,  entry, 
approach,  passage;  alley,  walk, 
street,  road;   route,  channel. 
Aver.     Assert,  declare,  say,  pro- 
test, affirm,  asseverate,  allege. 

ANT.  Deny,  contradict,  dis- 
avow. 

Average.  Medium,  medial,  mid- 
dling, ordinary,  tolerable,  mod- 
erate, mediocre,  passable. 

ANT.  Extreme,  excessive,  per- 
fect, extraordinary,  excellent. 
Aversion.  Dislike,  hatred,  re- 
pugnance, disgust,  loathing,  an- 
tipathy, abhorrence,  detesta- 
tion, unwillingness. 

ANT.      Sympathy,  congenial- 
ity,  ardor,   eagerness,    avidity, 
love,  desire,  affection. 
Avidity.    Eagerness,  longing,  de- 


sire, yearning;  rapacity,  crav- 
ing, greediness. 

ANT.  Apathy,  indifference, 
coldness,  aversion,  loathing. 

Avoid.  Quit,  shun,  abandon,  es- 
cape, elude,  withdraw,  forsake, 
dodge. 

ANT.  Seek,  court,  approach, 
accost,  address,  affect. 

Avouch.  Assert,  affirm,  declare, 
protest,  profess,  asseverate. 

ANT.  Deny,  contradict,  gain- 
say. 

Avow.  Confess,  own,  acknowl- 
edge, admit,  profess,  proclaim, 
testify. 

ANT.  Disavow,  repudiate, 
deny,  contradict,  disclaim,  ig- 
nore. 

Awaken.  Rouse,  kindle,  excite, 
provoke. 

ANT.    Allay,  quiet,  subdue. 

Award.  Grant,  allot,  accord,  dis- 
tribute, assign,  decree,  deter- 
mine. 

ANT.  Refuse,  withhold,  re- 
tain, misappropriate,  deny. 

Aware.  Conscious,  sensible,  cog- 
nizant, knowing,  apprised, 
mindful. 

ANT.  Unconscious,  ignorant, 
insensible. 

Awe.  Fear,  dread,  reverence, 
veneration,  terror,  wonder. 

ANT.  Contempt,  familiarity, 
irreverence,  disrespect,  inso- 
lence. 

Awful.  Dread,  grand,  imposing, 
majestic,  noble,  portentous,  ap- 
palling, august,  alarming,  hor- 
rible, frightful,  shocking,  ter- 
rible. 

ANT.  Commonplace,  contemp- 
tible, despicable,  vulgar,  undig- 
nified. 

Awkward.  Clumsy,  bungling, 
ungainly,  uncouth,  rough,  un- 
skilful. 

ANT.  Clever,  skilful,  handyt 
dexterous,  adroit. 


[  32  ] 


awr] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[bal 


Awry.   Oblique,  slanting,  twisted, 
crooked,  distorted,  athwart. 

ANT.     Straight,  direct,  true, 
right. 

Axiom.     Truism,  postulate,  self- 


evident   proposition,   necessary 
truth. 

ANT.    Paradox,  sophism,  con- 
tradiction, nonsense,  absurdity. 
Azure.    Blue,  sky-color,  cerulean. 


B 


Babble.    Chatter,  prattle,  jibber; 
prate,    gossip,    tattle;    tell    se- 
crets, blab,  blurt  out;  murmur. 
ANT.    Rush,  suppress;  enun- 
ciate. 

Babel.    Tumult,  disorder,  clamor, 
confusion,  discord,  din,  pother. 
ANT.      Silence;   articulation, 
distinctness,    enunciation;   mo- 
notony. 

Back,  a.  and  ad.  Remote,  hind- 
most, in  the  rear;  again,  re- 
turn. 

ANT.  Near,  foremost,  in  ad- 
vance. 

Back,  v.  Support,  aid,  second, 
sustain,  assist;  retire,  retreat, 
withdraw;  move  backward, 
cause  to  go  backward. 

ANT.  Fail,  disappoint;  ad- 
vance, push. 

Backbiter.  Slanderer,  defamer, 
traducer,  calumniator,  de- 
tractor, cynic. 

ANT.  Advocate,  upholder, 
defender,  vindicator. 

Backslider.  Recreant,  apostate, 
renegade,  deserter,  abjurer. 

ANT.  Confessor,  zealot,  bigot, 
adherent. 

Backward.  Averse,  indisposed, 
reluctant,  loath,  unwilling,  hes- 
itating, wavering;  dull,  slow, 
stupid,  stolid;  late,  tardy. 

ANT.  Forward,  eager,  will- 
ing,  ready,  prompt;  quick, 
bright;  previous,  antecedent, 
prior. 

Bad.  Evil,  wicked,  depraved, 
abandoned,  corrupt,  immoral, 


unfair,  unprincipled,  villainous ; 
pernicious,  mischievous,  hurt- 
ful, injurious,  detrimental,  un- 
wholesome ;  unlucky,  unfortu- 
nate ;  sad,  unwelcome,  distress- 
ing, disappointing;  sorry,  mean, 
shabby,  vile,  wretched,  abomi- 
nable; poor,  imperfect;  serious, 
hard,  severe. 

ANT.  Good,  perfect,  right, 
holy,  beautiful,  pleasant. 

Baffle.  Frustrate,  thwart,  defeat, 
circumvent,  checkmate,  under- 
mine; bewilder,  perplex,  con- 
found, disconcert. 

ANT.  Aid,  assist,  advance, 
encourage,  promote. 

Balance.  Poise,  hold  in  equilib- 
rium; weigh,  compare,  esti- 
mate; neutralize,  counteract, 
compensate ;  equalize,  square, 
adjust. 

ANT.  Upset,  cant,  tilt,  over- 
balance, subveri. 

Bald.  Bare,  hairless;  treeless, 
unsheltered,  naked,  verdure- 
less;  unadorned,  prosaic,  dull, 
vapid,  tame,  inelegant;  literal, 
unvarnished ;  mere,  unsup- 
ported, uncorroborated. 

ANT.  Adorned,  periwigged; 
forested,  shaded;  bright,  ele- 
gant, rhetorical;  ornate,  pol- 
ished, ivitty,  scintillating. 

Baleful.  Harmful,  hurtful,  in- 
jurious, baneful,  pernicious, 
deadly,  ruinous. 

ANT.  Innocent,  beneficial, 
salutary,  advantageous. 

Balk.     Frustrate,  defeat,  foil. 


[  33  ] 


ban] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[bea 


ANT.  Aid,  promote,  insti- 
gate. 

Banish.  Dismiss,  drive  out, 
eject,  expel,  exile,  ostracize, 
evict,  expatriate. 

ANT.  Welcome,  admit,  pro- 
tect, domesticate,  harbor. 

Banquet.  Feast,  treat,  regale- 
ment, entertainment,  festiv- 
ity, carousal,  cheer. 

ANT.  Fast,  starvation,  ab- 
stinence. 

Banter,  n.    Badinage,  irony,  rail- 
lery,    ridicule,     satire,     chaff, 
mockery,  jeering,  derision. 
ANT.     Discourse,  discussion. 

Barbarous.  Brutal,  atrocious, 
cruel,  inhuman,  merciless,  sav- 
age, barbaric,  barbarian. 

ANT.  Civilized,  humane,  po- 
lite, refined,  tender,  delicate, 
cultured,  elegant,  nice,  courtly. 

Bare.  Nude,  naked,  unclothed, 
exposed;  sheer,  simple,  mere; 
bald,  unadorned,  meager;  poor, 
destitute,  indigent,  empty. 

ANT.  Dressed,  protected; 
rich,  luxurious,  costly. 

Bargain.  Agreement,  contract, 
stipulation,  transaction ;  pur- 
chase, speculation,  haggling, 
getting,  proceeds;  cheap  pur- 
chase. 

ANT.    Loss,  misprofit;  cheat. 

Barren.  Sterile,  childless,  un- 
prolific ;  unfertile,  unproduc- 
tive; uninstructive,  ineffectual. 
ANT.  Productive,  fertile,  lux- 
uriant, fecund;  profitable,  use- 
ful. 

Barrier.  Obstruction,  hindrance, 
obstacle,  bar,  barricade,  ram- 
part; restraint,  restriction. 

ANT.  Thoroughfare,  en- 
trance, admittance,  opening, 
passage. 

Base.  Cheap,  worthless,  inferior ; 
vulgar,  humble,  unknown; 
mean,  contemptible,  servile ; 
shameful,  scandalous,  vile. 


ANT.  Noble,  honored,  ex- 
alted, pure,  valued,  lofty,  es- 
teemed, refined. 

Bashful.  Modest,  shy,  retiring, 
reserved,  diffident. 

ANT.  Bold,  forward,  pert, 
impudent,  confident,  conceited, 
egoistic. 

Basis.  Base,  foundation,  ground- 
work. 

ANT.  Apex,  top,  superstruc- 
ture. 

Bathe.     Wash,  lave,  cover,  flood, 
immerse,  suffuse. 
ANT.     Dry,  expose. 

Battle,  n.  Fight,  contest,  skir- 
mish, combat,  encounter,  bout, 
engagement,  strife,  action,  con- 
flict. 

ANT.  Armistice,  truce,  con- 
cord. 

Bauble.      Trifle,   toy,  plaything, 
trinket,  gimcrack,  knickknack. 
ANT.     Valuable,  jewel,  orna- 
ment, decoration,  gem,  posses- 
sion. 

Bays.  Crown,  wreath,  garland, 
chaplet;  honors,  renown,  plau- 
dits, praise,  glory,  applause. 

ANT.  Disgrace,  contumely, 
stigma,  brand. 

Beach.  Shore,  strand,  margin, 
sands,  marge,  rim,  coast,  sea- 
shore, seaboard. 

ANT.    Ocean,  sea,  deep,  main. 

Beacon,  n.  Signal  fire,  mark, 
sign,  guide,  light,  flame. 

ANT.  Shadow;  dark;  icill- 
o'-the-urisp,  ignis  fatuus. 

Beam,  v.    Shine,  emit  rays,  bea- 
con, gleam,  glitter,  be  radiant. 
ANT.    Die  out,  grow  dark,  go 
out. 

Bear.  Support,  sustain,  hold  up, 
carry;  have,  hold,  possess;  suf- 
fer, undergo,  endure,  tolerate, 
submit  to;  permit,  allow;  main- 
tain, cherish,  harbor;  be  re- 
sponsible for;  produce,  yield, 
give  birth  to;  generate. 


bea] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[beg 


ANT.  Drop,  drag;  release, 
give  up;  protest,  resist,  rebel, 
resent,  reject. 

Bearing.  Behavior,  deportment, 
demeanor,  appearance,  aspect, 
position,  carriage,  mien,  air; 
relation,  connection;  patience, 
endurance ;  direction,  course, 
aim;  effect,  force,  meaning, 
scope;  producing;  bed,  socket. 
ANT.  Misbehavior;  disconnec- 
tion, independence,  irrelevancy; 
pendency,  suspension;  diver- 
sion, deflection;  inanity,  ab- 
surdity. 

Beat.  Strike,  thrash,  flog,  cud- 
gel, pound,  scourge,  whip,  bat- 
ter, smite,  pommel,  overcome, 
chastise,  conquer,  defeat,  casti- 
gate, bruise,  bastinado,  belabor, 
switch,  spank,  worst,  vanquish. 
ANT.  Soothe,  stroke,  caress, 
pat,  shield,  protect,  mollify, 
heal. 

Beatific.  Ravishing,  enrapturing, 
enchanting,  transporting,  ec- 
static. 

ANT.  Tormenting,  disgust- 
imj,  obnoxious. 

Beatitude.  Bliss,  felicity,  bles- 
sedness. 

ANT.  Suffering,  tribulation, 
pain,  dolor. 

Beautiful.  Handsome,  lovely, 
charming,  fair,  pretty,  graceful, 
exquisite,  beauteous,  bewitch- 
ing, attractive,  picturesque, 
comely. 

ANT.       Hideous,      repulsive, 
.ugly,     deformed,     frightful, 
ghastly,  grim. 

Because.  Since,  inasmuch  as, 
for,  as. 

ANT.  Yet,  notwithstanding, 
however,  although,  nevertheless. 

Beckon.  Signal,  sign,  call  by 
gesture,  nod. 

ANT.    Ignore,  repulse. 

Become.  Suit,  adorn,  fit,  set  off, 
be  appropriate  to;  get  or  grow 


to,  turn  to,  change  into;  befall, 
bechance,  happen  to. 

ANT.  Disagree,  clash,  mis- 
match. 

Becoming.  Befitting,  beseeming, 
fit,  graceful,  proper,  neat,  suit- 
able, congruous,  worthy. 

ANT.  Unseemly,  indecent, 
derogatory,  unsuitable. 

Befall.  Happen,  occur,  chance, 
betide. 

ANT.    Impend,  threaten,  loom. 

Befitting.  Decent,  becoming, 
suitable,  proper,  appropriate, 
expedient. 

ANT.  Compulsory,  obliga- 
tory; improper,  inexpedient. 

Before.  Preceding,  in  front  of; 
prior  to,  previous;  in  advance 
of,  ahead  of;  hitherto;  above, 
in  a  former  place  or  previous 
passage;  formerly,  of  old,  al- 
ready; under  the  judgment  or 
control  of. 

ANT.  Behind,  after,  subse- 
quently, later. 

Beg.  Beseech,  pray,  ask,  request, 
supplicate,  solicit,  sue,  implore, 
importune. 

ANT.  Require,  demand,  ex- 
tort, exact,  insist;  refuse. 

Beggar.  Mendicant,  supplicant, 
pauper,  suitor,  applicant. 

ANT.  Bestower,  giver,  bene- 
factor. 

Beggary.  Want,  penury,  indi- 
gence, destitution. 

ANT.  Riches,  wealth,  afflu- 
ence, abundance,  plenty. 

Beginning.  Origin,  commence- 
ment, fountain,  source,  spring, 
start,  opening,  initiation,  aris- 
ing, outset,  rise,  inception,  in- 
auguration. 

ANT.  End,  finish,  fulfilment, 
outcome,  conclusion,  termina- 
tion, result,  effect,  expiration, 
completion. 

Beguile.  Cheat,  deceive,  befool ; 
amuse,  entertain,  cheer,  solace. 


[  35  > 


teh] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[beu 


ANT.  Enlighten,  advise; 
weary,  Lore. 

Behavior.     Conduct,  deportment, 
manners,     breeding,     carriage, 
bearing,  action,  demeanor,  life. 
ANT.      Misconduct,    misde- 
meanor. 

Behest.  Command,  injunction, 
charge,  precept. 

ANT.    Option,  liberty. 

Behind.  Back,  astern,  rear- 
ward. 

ANT.    Before,  in  front  of. 

Behold.  See,  look,  discern,  gaze, 
scan,  observe,  contemplate. 

ANT.  Ignore,  miss,  wink, 
overlook,  disregard,  connive. 

Behoof.    Advantage,  profit. 

ANT.  Loss,  detriment,  disad- 
vantage. 

Being.  Reality,  existence,  actu- 
ality; essence,  inmost  nature, 
substance,  life,  vital  principle, 
root,  heart. 

ANT.  Nonentity,  nullity,  non- 
existence. 

Beleaguer.  Besiege,  beset,  block- 
ade, invest;  compass,  block  up, 
surround,  obstruct,  environ. 

ANT.  Abandon;  conquer,  sub- 
due. 

Belief.  Trust,  confidence,  con- 
viction, credence,  persuasion, 
reliance,  assurance ;  dogma, 
creed,  tenets,  opinion,  view; 
credit,  acceptance,  assent,  cur- 
rency. 

ANT.  Distrust,  denial,  dis- 
credit, dissent,  rejection,  dis- 
avowal. 

Belligerent.  Warlike,  contend- 
ing, conflicting,  hostile,  rival, 
opposed,  adverse,  antagonistic, 
pugnacious,  contentious,  quar- 
relsome. 

ANT.  Peaceful,  friendly,  for- 
bearing, pacific,  neutral. 

Belonging,  n.  Quality,  gift,  en- 
dowment, attribute ;  property, 
goods,  estate,  chattel,  posses- 


sion; appendage,  appurtenance, 
accessory. 

Belonging,  a.  Related,  connected, 
appertaining,  congenial,  cog- 
nate, accompanying. 

ANT.  Alien,  optional,  inde- 
pendent, irrelevant. 

Below.  Under,  beneath,  under- 
neath, hereinafter. 

ANT.  Above,  beforementioned, 
previously. 

Bend.  Curve,  twist,  crook,  bow, 
deflect,  deviate,  diverge,  twine; 
influence,  persuade,  incline, 
submit. 

ANT.  Straighten,  stiffen,  di- 
rect; resist,  break,  crush. 

Beneath.  Below,  under,  under- 
neath; unworthy  of,  unbefit- 
ting. 

ANT.  Above,  superior  to; 
over,  aloft. 

Benediction.  Benison,  blessing, 
beatitude ;  gratitude,  thanks, 
praise ;  benefit,  grace,  boon. 

ANT.  Curse,  censure,  execra- 
tion, ingratitude. 

Benefactor.  Patron,  supporter, 
upholder,  friend,  contributor. 

ANT.  Destroyer,  enemy,  op- 
pressor, brute. 

Beneficence.  Charity,  bounty, 
liberality,  benevolence. 

ANT.  Malevolence,  hatredf 
stinginess,  miserliness,  niggard- 
liness. 

Benefit.  Boon,  service,  advan- 
tage, profit,  favor,  blessing. 

ANT.  Evil,  loss,  damage,  ca- 
lamity, injury,  privation. 

Benevolence.  Kindness,  humane- 
ness, charitableness,  good  will, 
altruism,  beneficence,  liberality, 
philanthropy,  benignity,  bounty, 
humanity,  sympathy,  munifi- 
cence, generosity,  unselfishness, 
kind-heartedness. 

ANT.  Malevolence,  malig- 
nity, selfishness,  stinginess, 
unkindness,  brutality,  churlish- 


[  36  ] 


ben] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


tbey 


ness,  barbarity,  illiberality,  self- 
seeking,  niggardliness,  harsh- 
ness. 

Benign.  Kind,  gracious,  amiable, 
gentle,  friendly,  benevolent,  hu- 
mane, obliging,  good. 

ANT.  Hateful,  harsh,  brutal, 
churlish. 

Bequeath.  Will,  leave,  devise; 
hand  down,  transmit,  impart. 

ANT.  Withhold,  alienate,  dis- 
inherit. 

Bereavement.  Deprivation,  loss, 
destitution,  affliction,  forlorn 
condition,  desolation. 

ANT.  Blessing,  compensation, 
reparation,  consolation,  resti- 
tution, restoration,  substitu- 
tion. 

Bereft.  Stripped,  despoiled,  de- 
prived. 

ANT.     Endowed,  blessed,  en- 
ricJied,  compensated. 
Beseech.    Beg,  implore,  pray,  ask, 
solicit,  entreat,  petition,  impor- 
tune. 

ANT.  Grant,  requite,  confer; 
disdain,  defy. 

Beset.  Surround,  circle,  hem  in, 
besiege,  beleaguer;  embarrass. 

ANT.    Defend,  defy,  repel. 
Beside.      Near,    close    together; 
aside  from ;  out  of. 

ANT.    Far,  distant. 
Besides  or  Beside.    Except,  save, 
distinct   from;    moreover,    fur- 
thermore, else,  beyond  that. 

ANT.    Apart,  separate  from; 
exclusively ;  finally. 
Bestow.      Give,   present,   award, 
grant,  confer;  place,  stow,  store. 
ANT.     Receive;  seize,  appro- 
priate, usurp;  disperse,  throw 
away. 
Bet.     Stake,  wager,  pledge. 

ANT.  Plan,  calculate,  dispose. 

Betide.    Happen,  bechance,  befall, 

come  to  pass,  occur,  take  place. 

ANT.    Result,  be  destined  or 

doomed. 


Betimes.  Seasonably,  in  good 
time  or  season. 

ANT.  Inopportune,  late,  tardy, 
unseasonable. 

Betoken.  Signify,  denote,  indi- 
cate, represent,  imply,  prove, 
show,  augur ;  presage,  prefigure, 
foretell,  portend. 

ANT.  Mask,  hide,  mislead,  be- 
lie, misrepresent. 

Betray.  Reveal,  expose,  divulge, 
deliver  up,  deceive;  manifest, 
show,  indicate;  lure,  ensnare, 
entrap,  beguile;  seduce,  ruin, 
corrupt. 

ANT.  Protect,  preserve,  fos- 
ter, cherish,  conceal,  suppress, 
guard. 

Betrothal.  Engagement,  plight- 
ing, affiancing. 

Better.     Amend,  ameliorate,  im- 
prove, correct,  advance,  reform. 
ANT.     Make  worse,  degrade, 
wreck,  weaken,  cripple,  impair, 
injure. 

Between.  Amid,  among,  be- 
twixt. 

ANT.  Outside,  beyond,  with- 
out. 

Bewail.  Bemoan,  lament,  sor- 
row, grieve. 

ANT.    Rejoice,  joy,  exult. 

Beware.  Take  care,  be  cautious, 
be  wary,  look  out,  mind. 

ANT.  Be  reckless,  careless; 
neglect,  ignore. 

Bewilderment.  Confusion,  em- 
barrassment, daze,  maze,  per- 
plexity, mystification. 

ANT.  Enlightenment,  self- 
possession,  calmness,  discern- 
ment, perspicacity. 

Bewitch.  Charm,  enchant,  fasci- 
nate, captivate. 

ANT.  Repulse,  avoid,  recoil, 
annoy,  harass. 

Beyond.  Over,  across,  remote, 
farther  than,  before;  yonder, 
above,  exceeding. 

ANT.    Beside,  near,  at  hand, 


[  37  ] 


bla] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[bla 


close;  behind,  back;  below,  less 
than. 

Bias.  Bent,  inclination,  tendency, 
leaning,  proneness,  proclivity, 
propensity,  partiality,  predilec- 
tion. 

ANT.  Repulsion,  reaction, 
repugnance. 

Bicker.  Wrangle,  quarrel,  dis- 
pute, squabble. 

ANT.  Agree,  sympathize,  un- 
derstand, harmonize. 

Bidding.  Command,  order,  di- 
rection, appointment,  mandate ; 
offer,  bid,  proposal. 

ANT.  Request,  solicitation; 
refusal,  rebuff. 

Bide.  Dwell,  stay,  reside,  wait, 
tarry,  remain ;  endure,  bear. 

ANT.  Depart,  go,  move,  mi- 
grate; resist,  rebel,  protest. 

Big.  Large,  great,  wide,  bulky, 
huge,  gross,  fat;  proud,  arro- 
gant, haughty,  pompous. 

ANT.  Small,  little,  least, 
thin,  narroio;  humble,  subservi- 
ent, unassuming. 

Bigot.  Zealot,  fanatic,  dogma- 
tist, devotee. 

ANT.  Skeptic,  liberal,  apos- 
tate, proselyte,  doubter,  agnos- 
tic. 

Bigoted.  Intolerant,  opinion- 
ated, prejudiced,  dogmatical, 
narrow-minded,  one-sided. 

ANT.  Liberal,  broad-minded, 
open  to  conviction. 

Bill.  Account,  charge,  score, 
amount  due,  reckoning;  draft  of 
law;  poster,  placard,  advertise- 
ment. 

Bind.  Fetter,  tie,  fasten,  shackle, 
restrict,  restrain,  secure;  com- 
pel, oblige,  engage. 

ANT.  Free,  loose,  set  free, 
untie. 

Birth.    Family,  parentage,  origin, 
source,    lineage,    nativity,    de- 
scent, extraction,  race ;  rise. 
ANT.    Death,  extinction. 


Bit.  Part,  piece,  fragment,  morsel. 
ANT.     Whole,  mass,  aggrega- 
tion. 

Biting.  Gnawing,  sharp,  severe, 
sardonic,  censorious,  piercing, 
sarcastic,  trenchant. 

ANT.  Pleasant,  gentle,  sooth- 
ing, genial,  flattering. 

Bitter.  Harsh,  caustic,  cutting, 
savage,  acidulous,  acrimonious, 
irate,  sharp,  sour,  stinging, 
pungent,  virulent. 

ANT.  Sweet,  honeyed,  nee- 
tared,  luscious,  dulcet,  saccha- 
rine. 

Blacken.  Slander,  malign,  de- 
fame, daub,  bespatter,  befoul, 
asperse,  traduce,  vilify,  decry, 
calumniate. 

ANT.  Clear,  eulogize,  vindi- 
cate, whiten,  whitewash. 

Blackguard.  Rascal,  scoundrel, 
villain. 

ANT.    Gentleman. 

Blame.  Censure,  rebuke,  chide, 
reprove,  reproach,  condemn,  vi- 
tuperate, reprobate,  reprehend, 
dispraise. 

ANT.  Approve,  praise,  exon- 
erate, acquit,  exculpate. 

Blameless.  Pure,  innocent,  irre- 
sponsible, without  fault. 

ANT.  Guilty,  implicated, 
blameworthy,  faulty. 

Blanch.  Bleach,  whiten,  white- 
wash. 

ANT.  Blacken,  stain,  dye, 
darken,  color. 

Bland.  Soft,  gentle,  mild,  af- 
fable, gracious,  tender,  benign, 
courteous,  complaisant. 

ANT.  Harsh,  abrupt,  rough, 
biting,  savage,  severe,  impolite. 

Blandishment.  Flattery,  coax- 
ing, fascination,  wheedling,  at- 
traction, charm,  fawning,  cajol- 
ery. 

ANT.  Bluntness,  unmanner- 
liness,  roughness,  scolding,  se- 
verity, sternness. 


[  38 


bla] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


[bio 


Blank.  Bare,  drear,  bleak,  void, 
empty;  utter,  pure,  simple, 
mere,  unqualified,  unmitigated ; 
amazed,  astonished,  confused, 
disconcerted. 

ANT.  Full,  replete;  complex; 
modified,  qualified;  composed, 
controlled,  self-possessed,  cog- 
nizant, intelligent. 

Blasphemy.  Profanity,  sacri- 
lege, impiety,  swearing. 

ANT.  Reverence,  godliness, 
veneration. 

Blast.  Shrivel,  destroy,  blight, 
kill,  ruin,  wither,  annihilate; 
explode,  rend,  burst. 

ANT.    Restore,  expand,  swell. 

Blazon.  Exhibit,  show  off, 
blaze,  blare,  trumpet,  proclaim, 
publish. 

ANT.  Conceal,  hush,  cover, 
hide,  suppress,  shroud,  bury. 

Bleach.   Blanch,  whiten. 

ANT.  Blacken,  darken,  soil, 
stain. 

Bleak.  Windy,  exposed,  bare; 
cold,  chill,  raw,  desolate,  com- 
fortless, cheerless. 

ANT.  Sheltered,  protected, 
warm,  balmy,  cheerful,  com- 
fortable. 

Blemish.  Blot,  spot,  flaw,  fault, 
imperfection,  stain;  deface- 
ment, tarnish,  disfigurement, 
disgrace,  defect,  dishonor, 
stigma,  taint. 

ANT.  Purity,  unsulliedness, 
honor,  integrity,  wholeness. 

Blend.  Mix,  unite,  fuse,  merge, 
mingle,  amalgamate,  combine, 
coalesce,  harmonize. 

ANT.  Separate,  run,  dissoci- 
ate, divide. 

Bless.  Delight,  gladden,  make 
happy,  thank,  glorify,  exalt, 
praise,  extol,  felicitate,  cheer. 

ANT.  Curse,  anathematize, 
sadden,  grieve. 

Blessing.  Benediction,  benison; 
good,  benefit,  happiness,  profit, 


boon,  gain ;  glory,  praise,  grati- 
tude. 

ANT.  Malediction,  curse;  be- 
reavement, impoverishment,  ca- 
lamity, deprivation,  disaster, 
damage,  detriment. 

Blight.  Pestilence,  withering, 
blast,  destruction, 

ANT.  Development,  matur- 
ity. 

Blind.  Sightless,  unseeing,  eye- 
less, undiscerning,  ignorant,  un- 
conscious, uninformed. 

ANT.  Clear-sighted,  far-see- 
ing, discerning,  penetrating, 
conscious,  keen,  aware,  sensi- 
tive. 

Blink.  Wink,  ignore,  connive, 
overlook. 

ANT.     Notice,  note,  mark. 

Bliss.  Blessedness,  happiness, 
joy,  ecstasy,  rapture,  felicity, 
beatitude. 

ANT.  Torment,  woe,  suffer- 
ing, misery,  accursedness. 

Blithe.  Merry,  joyous,  cheer- 
ful, gay,  lively,  airy,  sportive, 
blithesome,  mirthful,  jocund, 
elated,  vivacious,  joyful. 

ANT.  Dejected,  heavy,  dull, 
sullen. 

Block.  Obstruct,  arrest,  stop, 
fill. 

ANT.    Free,  open,  clear. 

Blockhead.  Dunce,  dolt,  stupid 
fellow,  numskull,  ninny,  simple- 
ton, ignoramus,  dullard,  booby. 

ANT.  Sage,  adept,  savant, 
philosopher,  schoolman,  lumi- 
nary. 

Blood-thirsty.  Cruel,  savage, 
ferocious,  murderous,  bloody, 
bloody-minded,  gory,  barbarous, 
inhuman,  ruthless,  sanguinary. 
ANT.  Humane,  kind,  merci- 
ful, mild,  tender,  compassionate. 

Bloom,  n.  Blossom,  flower, 
flowering,  efflorescence;  flush, 
freshness,  prime,  vigor,  glow; 
delicacy,  innocence. 


[  39  ] 


bio] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[boi 


ANT.  Decay,  decadence, 
blight,  blast,  roughness,  tough- 
ness, ghastliness,  superannua- 
tion, cadaver  ousness,  coarse- 
ness. 

Bloom,  v.  Blossom,  bud,  flower, 
germinate,  sprout,  blow,  de- 
velop. 

ANT.  Blight,  be  blasted, 
wither. 

Blooming.  Flourishing,  flower- 
ing; young,  beautiful,  fair, 
fresh. 

ANT.  Fading,  waning,  old, 
unsightly,  deformed,  blasted, 
withered. 

Blot.  Sully,  spot,  tarnish,  spoil, 
discolor,  pollute,  stain,  erase, 
blur,  blotch,  smear,  smutch, 
obliterate. 

ANT.  Cleanse,  clear,  whiten, 
blanch:  perpetuate,  preserve. 

Blot    out.       Erase,    cancel,    ex- 
punge,   obliterate,    efface,    de- 
stroy, wipe  out. 
ANT.    Restore,  replace. 

Blow,  n.  Knock,  thump,  stroke, 
box,  buffet,  calamity,  cuff,  cut, 
concussion,  disaster,  lash,  mis- 
fortune, rap.  shock,  stroke, 
wound,  affliction,  blast,  gale, 
gust;  disappointment. 

ANT.  Kelief,  comfort,  bless- 
ing, consolation,  assuagement. 

Bluff.  Abrupt,  blunt,  inconsid- 
erate, open,  rough,  unmannerly, 
uncivil,  blustering,  bold, 
brusque,  coarse,  discourteous, 
frank,  impolite,  plain-spoken, 
rude. 

ANT.  Bland,  courteous,  ge- 
nial, polite,  refined,  reserved, 
urbane,  polished. 

Blunder.  Error,  mistake,  mis- 
understanding, fault,  slip,  over- 
sight, inaccuracy,  delusion. 

ANT.  Accuracy,  correctness, 
truthfulness,  exactness,  ratifi- 
cation, foresight,  achievement, 
success,  correction. 


Blunt,  a.  Obtuse,  dull,  pointless, 
edgeless,  brusk,  abrupt,  plain, 
informal,  stupid,  stolid. 

AXT.  Sharp,  keen,  acute, 
sensitive,  polished,  courteous, 
refined. 

Blunt,  v.  Subdue,  numb,  hard- 
en, dull,  make  dull,  deaden, 
paralyze,  stupefy ;  moderate, 
allay,  mitigate,  assuage. 

ANT.  Quicken,  sharpen,  in- 
stigate, excite,  stimulate,  ani- 
mate, vitalize. 

Blush,  n.  Bloom,  color,  redden- 
ing, carnation,  complexion; 
shame,  confusion,  guiltiness. 

ANT.  Pallor ;  innocence,  pu- 
rity, unconsciousness;  boldness, 
effrontery. 

Bluster.  Storm,  rage,  insult, 
roar,  swagger,  vaunt,  boast. 

ANT.  Cringe,  whine,  ivhim- 
per. 

Boast.      Vaunt,    brag,    swagger, 
magnify,  make  much  of,  swell, 
bluster,  triumph,  glory,  vapor. 
ANT.      Whine,  cringe;  mini- 
mize, apologize. 

Bodily.  Corporeally;  completely, 
wholly,  altogether,  entirely,  col- 
lectively, unitedly. 

ANT.  Spiritually,  ghostly; 
piecemeal,  partially,  gradually, 
fragmcntarili/. 

Body.  Material  or  physical  sub- 
stance; carcass,  corpse;  trunk, 
stem,  bulk,  main  part;  person, 
individual,  mortal,  creature, 
being;  company,  society,  cor- 
poration ;  system ;  consistency, 
substance;  ashes,  form,  dust, 
frame,  remains,  clay. 

ANT.  Intellect,  intelligence, 
soul,  spirit,  mind;  branch, 
limb;  world,  iiniverse;  mass, 
conglomeration. 

Boil.  Bubble,  rage,  effervesce, 
explode,  fume. 

ANT.  Calm,  subside,  cool,  re- 
cover. 


I  40  ] 


boi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[hot 


Boisterous.  Loud,  unrestrained, 
stormy,  noisy,  furious,  violent, 
clamorous. 

ANT.  Quiet,  silent,  unosten- 
tatious, mild,  gentle,  peaceful, 
calm,  serene,  self-possessed. 
Bold.  Courageous,  fearless,  ad- 
venturous, brave,  intrepid, 
dauntless,  audacious,  daring, 
valiant. 

ANT.     Timorous,  fearful,  re- 
tiring, shy,  bashful. 
Bolster.       Support,    prop,    help, 
sustain,   aid,  buoy,   patch,   de- 
fend, maintain. 

ANT.    Depress,  fail,  relax. 
Bombast.      Bluster,    pomposity, 
fustian,     braggadocio,      rhodo- 
montade. 

ANT.    Modesty,  humility,  ve- 
racity, moderation,  temperance. 
Bond.      Tie,   fastening,   manacle, 
fetter;  compact,  obligation,  se- 
curity. 

ANT.  Option,  freedom,  pa- 
role, honor,  discretion. 
Bondage.  Servitude,  slavery, 
imprisonment,  captivity,  incar- 
ceration, subjection,  serfdom, 
confinement,  thraldom. 

ANT.    Liberty,  freedom,  man- 
umission, independence. 
Bondsman.     Slave,  serf,  captive, 
vassal,  prisoner. 

ANT.      Freeman,    gentleman, 
master,  lord. 

Bonny.  Fair,  pretty,  pleasant, 
handsome,  shapely,  buxom. 

ANT.       Homely,     ufjly,     un- 
seemly, deformed,  ill-favored. 
Bonus.    Premium,  douceur,  boon, 
benefit. 

ANT.      Fine,     penalty,     dis- 
count, mulct. 

Booby.     Dunce,  idiot,  numskull. 
ANT.    Wiseacre,  solon,  oracle. 
Bookish.       Pedantic,      studious, 
learned,  erudite,  educated. 

ANT.    Illiterate,  ignorant. 
Boor.     Rustic,  clown,  lout,  peas- 


ant,   countryman,    plowman, 
swain,  bumpkin. 

ANT.     Gentleman,  courtier. 

Boorish.  Rude,  rustic,  clownish,, 
loutish,  ungainly,  awkward, 
coarse,  rough,  gawky. 

ANT.  Polite,  civil,  polished, 
urbane,  courtly,  affable,  gra- 
cious. 

Bootless.  Useless,  unavailing,, 
unprofitable,  profitless,  vain. 

ANT.  Effectual,  profitable, 
useful,  effective. 

Booty.  Plunder,  prey,  spoil,  pil- 
lage, loot. 

ANT.  Restitution,  fine,  for- 
feiture, confiscation,  penalty. 

Border.  Edge,  limit,  boundary, 
brink,  rim,  verge,  enclosure, 
confine,  band. 

ANT.  Land,  tract,  interior, 
center,  space,  substance. 

Bore.       Pierce,    perforate,    pene- 
trate,    drill ;     weary,     plague, 
trouble,  vex,  worry,  annoy. 
ANT.   Delight,  gratify,  please. 

Bosom.  Breast,  heart,  affection; 
hollow,  depths,  midst,  inmost 
recesses ;  retreat,  retirement, 
quiet,  privacy. 

ANT.  Surface,  exterior,  ex- 
panse; manner,  deportment,  de- 
meanor. 

Both.     Twain,  two. 

ANT.  Either,  each,  every, 
neither,  none,  not  any,  no  one. 

Bother.  Worry,  pester,  perplex, 
harass,  plague,  tease,  vex,  mo- 
lest, annoy,  excite. 

ANT.  Aid,  assist,  calm,  quiet, 
compose. 

Bottom.  Deep,  profound,  base,, 
foot ;  foundation,  basis,  ground- 
work; valley,  meadow;  ship, 
vessel;  seat;  grounds,  lees,  sedi- 
ments; stamina,  power  of  en- 
durance. 

ANT.  Top,  height,  acmer 
apex,  summit,  crown,  brow;  sur- 
face. 


bou] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[bre 


Bound,  v.  Skip,  leap,  frisk,  jump, 
spring;  confine,  limit,  circum- 
scribe, terminate,  restrict,  re- 
strain. 

ANT.  Hobble,  limp,  crawl, 
creep,  shamble;  enlarge,  open, 
extend,  spread  out. 

Boundary.  Margin,  limit,  con- 
fines, border,  bound,  frontier, 
line,  marge,  verge,  termination, 
term,  barrier,  bourn,  edge,  en- 
closure, landmark ;  circumfer- 
ence. 

ANT.  Land,  region,  estate, 
interior,  territory;  center,  cita- 
del; inside. 

^Boundless.  Unlimited,  illimit- 
able, unbounded,  measureless, 
infinite. 

ANT.  "Narrow,  restricted, 
confined,  circumscribed. 

Bountiful.  Liberal,  generous, 
benevolent,  unselfish,  munifi- 
cent. 

ANT.  Miserly,  selfish,  stingy, 
niggardly. 

Bounty.  Liberality,  gift,  gener- 
osity, charity,  benefaction,  be- 
nignity, benevolence,  munifi- 
cence, donation;  premium,  re- 
ward, bonus. 

ANT.  Closeness,  stinginess, 
niggardliness,  miserliness. 

Bower.      Recess,    arbor,    retreat, 
alcove,  summerhouse. 
ANT.    Open  place. 

Brag.  Boast,  vaunt,  bully,  swag- 
ger. 

ANT.  Cringe,  whine,  whim- 
per. 

Braid.     Bind,  weave,  plait,  tie. 
ANT.    Unbind,  dishevel. 

Branch.  Member,  bough,  limb, 
shoot,  arm,  twig,  scion,  offshoot, 
ramification ;  section,  depart- 
ment, division;  article,  part, 
portion;  tributary;  derivative 
line,  cognate  stock. 

ANT.  Trunk,  stock,  stem; 
race,  family,  house. 


Brand,  v.  Denounce,  mark,  stig- 
matize, disgrace. 

ANT.  Honor,  decorate,  dis- 
tinguish. 

Brandish.  Flourish,  wield,  whisk, 
shake,  wave. 

ANT.     Suspend,  stay,  arrest. 

Bravado.  Boasting,  bragging, 
bluster. 

ANT.  Diffidence,  reserve,  con- 
cealment, modesty. 

Brave.  Fearless,  heroic,  un- 
daunted, undismayed,  adventur- 
ous, bold,  courageous,  daring, 
dauntless,  gallant,  intrepid, 
valiant,  venturesome,  doughty, 
chivalrous,  chivalric,  splendid, 
courteous. 

ANT.  Afraid,  cringing,  fear- 
ful, shrinking,  timid,  timorous, 
frightened,  cowardly,  faint- 
hearted, pusillanimous,  churl- 
ish, discourteous,  fearsome. 

Brawny.  Muscular,  strong, 
powerful,  athletic,  sinewy,  her- 
culean, robust,  stout. 

ANT.  Weak,  fragile,  deli- 
cate, feeble,  effeminate,  lean. 

Breach.  Break,  rupture,  open- 
ing, fracture,  flaw,  fissure,  rent; 
violation,  infringement,  non- 
observance;  quarrel,  difference, 
variance,  dissension,  schism,  ali- 
enation. 

ANT.  Integrity,  wholeness, 
fiawlessness,  completeness;  rec- 
onciliation, healing;  conserva- 
tion, observance;  inviolat  eness  ; 
union,  fidelity,  amalgamation. 

Break.  Fracture,  rend,  part, 
sever,  shatter,  smash,  shiver; 
weaken,  impair,  enfeeble,  ener- 
vate; tame;  make  bankrupt; 
dismiss,  discard,  degrade,  cash- 
ier; mitigate,  assuage;  inter- 
rupt, stop,  cut  short;  open,  un- 
fold; destroy,  sunder,  burst, 
rive,  crack,  crush,  demolish, 
rupture,  split,  transgress. 
ANT.  Fasten,  join,  mend,  se- 


[  42  ] 


Tire] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[bri 


cure,  unite,  weld,  attach,  bind, 
solder,  heal,  piece,  conjoin,  re- 
join; protect,  conserve;  en- 
courage, strengthen,  preserve; 
observe,  obey. 

Breast.  Bosom,  heart,  affection, 
conscience. 

Breathless.  Out  of  breath ;  life- 
less, dead ;  exhausted,  eager,  ab- 
sorbed, attentive,  fascinated ; 
astonished,  astounded,  bewil- 
dered. 

ANT.  Calm,  collected,  cool, 
composed;  indifferent,  uninter- 
ested. 

Breed,  n.  Lineage,  race,  pedigree, 
progeny,  stock,  line,  family,  ex- 
traction, strain. 

ANT.  Ancestor,  source,  orig- 
inal, origin. 

Breed,  v.  Bring  forth,  bear,  be- 
get, produce;  nurture,  foster, 
nourish;  discipline,  educate,  in- 
struct, train,  teach,  school;  oc- 
casion, originate,  generate,  pro- 
create, propagate,  cause,  evolve. 
ANT.  Destroy,  extirpate, 
stifle,  extinguish. 

Breeding.  Discipline,  instruc- 
tion, education,  nurture,  train- 
ing, schooling;  manners,  de- 
portment. 

ANT.  Ill  manners,  misbe- 
havior; ignorance,  illiteracy. 

Brevity.  Shortness,  terseness, 
conciseness,  compression,  pithi- 
ness, succinctness,  pointedness; 
abbreviation,  abridgment. 

ANT.  Prolixity,  diffuseness, 
verbosity,  length,  protraction, 
elongation,  extension,  tedious- 
ness. 

Brew.  Concoct,  compound,  mix, 
hatch,  foment,  excite;  prepare, 
collect,  gather,  grow;  threaten, 
impend;  form. 

ANT.  Disperse,  break,  spoil, 
mar,  miscompound. 

Bridle,  v.  Restrain,  curb,  control, 
govern,  check;  bristle,  ruffle; 


master,  moderate,  compress,  re- 
press. 

ANT.  Relax,  loosen,  give  vent, 
liberate,  discharge;  soothe, 
calm. 

Brief.     Short,  concise,  succinct. 
ANT.    Long,  tedious,  diffuse. 

Bright,  Shining,  resplendent,  lu- 
minous, glowing,  lustrous, 
beaming,  gleaming,  glistening, 
blazing,  naming,  flashing,  radi- 
ant, ruddy,  refulgent,  brilliant, 
dazzling,  sparkling,  scintillat- 
ing, burnished;  lucid,  clear, 
transparent,  pellucid,  lambent, 
cloudless,  limpid;  glorious,  fa- 
mous, illustrious ;  intelligent, 
acute,  discerning,  keen,  ingeni- 
ous ;  auspicious,  promising,  pro- 
pitious, favorable,  inspiring ; 
cheerful,  merry,  lively,  happy, 
animated. 

ANT.  Opaque,  dull,  dark, 
gloomy,  black,  ebon,  shadoioy-, 
rayless,  sunless,  murky,  cloudy, 
overcast,  pitchy,  lurid;  obscure, 
mysterious,  enigmatical,  mystic, 
unintelligible,  occult,  recondite, 
abstruse,  cabalistic,  transcen- 
dental; disheartening,  discour~ 
aging,  dismal,  cheerless;  igno- 
rant, unlettered,  untaught,  im- 
becile, rude,  benighted;  foul, 
infamous,  horrible,  damnable, 
vile,  infernal,  wicked,  sullen, 
atrocious,  dejected. 

Brilliant.  Bright,  radiant,  flash- 
ing, lustrous,  glorious,  lumi- 
nous, effulgent,  beaming,  spark- 
ling; illustrious,  distinguished, 
celebrated,  famous,  renowned, 
eminent. 

ANT.  Dark,  dull,  stupid, 
gloomy;  notorious,  infamous; 
obscure,  insignificant. 

Bring.  Bear,  fetch,  convey;  con- 
duct, guide,  lead,  attend,  ac- 
company, convoy;  obtain,  gain, 
procure,  produce;  induce,  pre- 
vail upon. 


[  43   ] 


fcri] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[bul 


ANT.  Remove,  export,  send, 
exclude,  debar,  transport,  ab- 
stract, subtract. 

Brisk.  Lively,  quick,  vivacious, 
active,  alert,  animated,  prompt, 
sprightly,  nimble,  spry,  agile. 

ANT.  Slow,  heavy,  dull,  slug- 
gish, indolent,  inactive,  unener- 
getic,  stagnant. 

Bristling.  Full,  crowded, 
swarming,  stocked,  multifari- 
ous, multitudinous ;  bristly, 
standing  on  end  like  bristles; 
ruffled,  roughened,  corrugated, 
bespined;  bridled,  angered,  of- 
fended. 

ANT.  Smooth,  soothed,  al- 
layed; prone;  bare,  nude,  scant, 
devoid,  vacant. 

Brittle.  Fragile,  crumbling, 
shivery,  frail,  easily  broken. 

ANT.  Tough,  stout,  strong, 
hardy. 

Broach..  Open,  pierce,  tap;  sug- 
gest, hint,  approach,  break; 
utter,  publish,  proclaim,  give 
out ;  originate,  propound. 

ANT.  Repress,  cork,  bottle, 
secrete,  conceal,  hide. 

Broad.  Wide;  large,  ample,  ex- 
tensive, vast,  spacious,  capa- 
cious; liberal,  tolerant,  free, 
hospitable ;  spread,  diffused, 
open;  gross,  vulgar,  indecent, 
coarse. 

ANT.  Narrow;  contracted, 
restricted,  confined,  limited; 
prejudiced,  illiberal,  bigoted,  re- 
served; veiled,  enigmatical, 
shrouded,  shaded;  refined,  deli- 
cate, sketchy;  specific,  pointed. 

Broil.  Affray,  quarrel,  conten- 
tion. 

Brook.  Tolerate,  bear,  suffer,  en- 
dure, abide,  submit  to,  undergo, 
permit. 

ANT.    Resist,  resent,  reject. 

Brotherhood.  Fraternity,  fel- 
lowship, association,  sodality, 
society. 


Browbeat.  Bully,  intimidate, 
bulldoze,  overawe. 

ANT.     Rally,  support. 

Bruise.     Pommel,  crush,  squeeze, 
break,  pound,  batter,  deface. 
ANT.    Heal,  soothe. 

Brunt.  Shock,  attack,  impulse, 
onslaught,  onset,  assault. 

ANT.  Repulse,  resistance,  en- 
durance. 

Brutal.  Brutish,  animal,  beastly, 
bestial ;  savage,  ferocious,  cruel, 
harsh,  uncivil,  rude,  rough, 
gruff,  impolite,  brusque  j  sen- 
sual, carnal. 

ANT.  Humane,  self-con~ 
trolled,  civilized,  enlightened, 
elevated,  noble,  refined,  intelli- 
gent, grand. 

Bubble.     Toy,  trifle,  fancy,  con- 
ceit, dream,  vision,  froth,  trash. 
ANT.     Prize,   treasure,  real- 
ity, substance,  jewel,  good,  ad- 
vantage. 

Buffoon.  Wag,  clown,  jester, 
mountebank,  harlequin,  droll, 
punch,  fool. 

ANT.  Wit,  genius,  pedant, 
philosopher. 

Build.    Make,  form,  shape,  figure, 
model;  construct,  erect,  raise. 
ANT.     Demolish,   overthrow, 
destroy. 

Building.     Architecture,  edifice, 
structure,  fabric,  pile,  erection. 
ANT.     Ruin,  demolition,  di- 
lapidation,   dismantlement. 

Bulk.  Magnitude,  size,  volume, 
mass;  greatness,  amplitude, 
massiveness ;  majority,  major 
part,  most,  principal  part;  di- 
mension. 

ANT.  Portion,  section,  atom, 
particle;  diminution,  tenuity, 
contraction,  dismemberment, 
disintegration. 

Bulwark.  Rampart,  fortress, 
fortification,  stronghold,  in- 
trench ment,  bastion,  parapet, 
citadel. 


[  44  ] 


bun] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[by 


ANT.  Siefe,  bombardment, 
cannonade,  boarding,  storm- 
ing. 

Bungler.  Botcher,  clown,  fum- 
bler,  clumsy  workman,  novice. 

ANT.  Adept,  adroit,  master, 
artist,  proficient  workman,  pro- 
fessor. 

Buoy,  v.  Float,  support,  sus- 
tain; elevate,  inspire,  assure, 
animate,  cheer. 

ANT.  Kink,  droicn,  depress, 
swamp;  crush,  betray,  fail,  de- 
ject, overcome. 

Buoyant.  Light;  cheerful,  hope- 
ful, sprightly,  vivacious,  joyous, 
blithesome,  jocund,  sportive, 
jubilant,  elastic,  floating. 

ANT.  Heavy,  defected,  de- 
pressed, moody,  joyless,  cheer- 
less, desponding. 

Burden.  Load,  weight;  cargo, 
freight;  capacity,  tonnage:  im- 
pediment, incubus,  grievance, 
trial,  trouble,  affliction,  sor- 
row; chorus,  refrain;  topic, 
drift,  tenor,  point,  substance. 

ANT.  Ease,  lightness;  facil- 
ity, airiness,  light-heartedness; 
consolation,  assuagement,  alle- 
ri<:lion,  liberation,  mitigation. 

Burial.  Interment,  sepulture, 
entombment,  burying. 

ANT.  Exhumation,  disinter- 
ment. 

Burlesque.       Parody,     travesty, 
caricature,  ridicule,  farce. 
ANT.    Classic,  history,  fact. 

Burn.  Char,  consume,  cremate, 
scorch,  set  on  fire,  singe,  ignite, 
incinerate,  kindle,  blaze,  cau- 
terize, glow,  smolder. 

ANT.  Smother,  stifle,  subdue, 
extinguish,  cool,  put  out;  sub- 
side, glimmer,  lower,  pale. 

Burnish.  Brighten,  polish,  make 
to  glisten,  glaze,  gloss. 

ANT.  Dull,  bedim,  cloud, 
scratch,  abrade. 

Burst.       Break,    open,    explode, 


blow  up,  rend,  split,  crack,  dis- 
charge, shatter,  disrupt. 

ANT.  Cohere,  hold,  stand, 
stick,  together,  adhere. 

Bury.  Inter,  cover  up,  entomb, 
inearth,  inhume,  inurn;  shroud, 
conceal,  secrete,  hide;  immure, 
confine;  cancel,  compose,  hush, 
cover  with  oblivion. 

ANT.  Resurrect,  exhume,  dis- 
inter, excavate,  expose,  resusci- 
tate; publish,  announce,  adver- 
tise. 

Business.  Employment,  craft, 
trade,  commerce,  handicraft, 
trallic,  transaction,  work,  voca- 
tion, job,  affairs,  avocation,  pro- 
fession, occupation,  culling,  con- 
cern, duty,  office,  interest. 

AXT.  Stagnation,  leisure,  in- 
activity. 

Bustle.  Activity,  stir,  commo- 
tion, excitement,  haste,  hurry, 
energy,  eagerness,  flurry. 

ANT.  Idleness,  inactivity, 
vacation,  stagnation,  quiet,  in- 
dolence, indifference,  unconcern. 

Busy.  Engaged,  employed,  occu- 
pied; diligent,  industrious,  ac- 
tive, working,  sedulous;  brisk, 
stirring,  bustling,  agile,  spry, 
nimble;  meddling,  officious. 

ANT.  Idle,  lazy,  indolent, 
slothful. 

But.  Save,  except,  furthermore, 
barely,  besides,  however,  just, 
only,  notwithstanding,  though, 
unless,  yet,  still,  merely,  never- 
theless, provided,  moreover. 

Buxom.     Bonny,  blithe,  shapely. 
ANT.  Lean,  slend er,  ill-shaped. 

Buy.  Purchase,  bargain,  ac- 
quire ;  bribe,  corrupt,  pervert, 
suborn,  subsidize. 

ANT.   Sell,  hawk,  retail,  vend. 

By.  Through,  with;  at,  on; 
from,  according  to;  near,  close 
by;  past;  along,  over;  before, 
in  the  sight  of,  in  the  name  of; 
per,  at. 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[cal 


Cabal.  Confederacy,  conspiracy, 
conclave,  combination,  faction, 
crew,  junto,  gang,  coterie,  plot, 
political  intrigue,  league. 
Cadaverous.  Bloodless,  pallid, 
pale,  wan,  ghastly,  deathlike, 
ashy. 

ANT.      Rosy,    blushing,   san- 
guine, incarnadine. 
Cage,  v.    Imprison,  immure,  con- 
fine, incarcerate. 

ANT.  Liberate,  free,  dismiss, 
unbar. 

Caitiff.  Rascal,  miscreant,  vil- 
lain, wretch,  coward,  sneak, 
traitor,  scoundrel,  vagabond. 

ANT.  Gentleman,  patriot, 
philanthropist. 

Cajole.  Coax,  wheedle,  flatter, 
fawn  upon,  blandish;  deceive, 
entrap,  beguile,  inveigle,  im- 
pose upon. 

ANT.  Scold,  chide,  warn. 
Calamitous.  Disastrous,  unfor- 
tunate, unlucky,  adverse,  un- 
toward, deplorable,  ruinous,  in- 
auspicious, wretched,  distress- 
ing, grievous,  ill-starred,  troub- 
lous, hapless,  ill-omened. 

ANT.  Fortunate,  auspicious, 
felicitous,  propitious,  favorable, 
advantageous. 

Calamity.  Disaster,  misfortune, 
catastrophe,  mishap,  trial, 
trouble,  affliction,  adversity, 
distress,  hardship,  ill  luck,  vis- 
itation. 

ANT.  Blessing,  boon,  advan- 
tage, good  fortune,  benefaction. 
Calculate.  Number,  reckon,  sum 
up,  count,  compute,  account, 
estimate,  enumerate,  rate;  con- 
sider, deem,  apportion,  investi- 
gate. 

ANT.  Guess,  risk,  chance, 
conjecture,  stake. 


Calculating.  Wary,  cautious, 
scheming,  crafty,  cool,  hard, 
selfish;  careful,  circumspect,  sa- 
gacious, farsighted. 

ANT.  Shortsighted,  improvi- 
dent, rash,  careless. 

Calculation.  Reckoning,  compu- 
tation; expectation,  anticipa- 
tion, prospect;  foresight,  fore- 
thought, caution,  wariness,  dis- 
cretion, prudence,  deliberation. 
ANT.  Omission,  carelessness, 
imprudence,  indiscretion,  in- 
consideration. 

Caliber.  Diameter,  gage,  capac- 
ity; faculty,  scope,  talent,  abil- 
ity, gifts,  parts,  endowment. 

ANT.  Smallness,  thinness; 
imbecility,  incapacity,  pueril- 
ity. 

Call.  Cry,  bellow,  clamor,  ejacu- 
late, scream,  roar,  shout,  shriek, 
bawl,  yell,  exclaim,  vociferate; 
invite,  summon,  send  for,  bid; 
assemble,  convene,  muster; 
elect,  ordain,  appoint;  invoke, 
appeal  to. 

ANT.  Be  silent,  hush,  list, 
listen,  harken,  be  still;  ignore; 
disperse;  disdain,  defy. 

Calm.  Composed,  peaceful,  pla- 
cid, quiet,  still,  tranquil,  self- 
possessed,  serene,  undisturbed, 
dispassionate,  sedate,  collected, 
imperturbable,  unruffled. 

ANT.  Frantic,  frenzied,  pas- 
sionate, furious,  raging,  stormy, 
violent,  boisterous,  agitated,  ex- 
cited, fierce,  turbulent,  icild, 
heated,  wrathful,  disturbed. 

Calumniate.      Slander,   traduce, 
defame,  vilify,  revile,  asperse. 
ANT.     Praise,  commend,  vin- 
dicate,   laud,    honor,   eulogise; 
shield. 

Calumny.      Slander,    aspersion, 


cam] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[cap 


defamation,    detraction,   abuse, 
obloquy. 

ANT.  Vindication,  justifi- 
cation; eulogy,  panegyric. 

Camp.  Encampment,  bivouac. 

Cancel.  Obliterate,  scratch  out, 
erase,  efface,  expunge,  cross  off ; 
abolish,  abrogate,  nullify,  an- 
nul, revoke,  rescind,  make  void, 
repeal. 

ANT.  Confirm,  enact,  perpet- 
uate, approve,  enforce,  uphold, 
sustain,  maintain,  establish, 
record,  write. 

Candid.  Honest,  open,  straight- 
forward, transparent,  unbiased, 
artless,  frank,  guileless,  ingenu- 
ous, naive,  sincere,  impartial, 
innocent,  unprejudiced,  above- 
board,  simple,  truthful,  unso- 
phisticated, fair. 

ANT.  Deceitful,  designing, 
foxy,  sharp,  shrewd,  crafty,  art- 
ful, sly,  tricky,  subtle,  adroit, 
cunning,  insincere,  diplomatic, 
intriguing,  wily. 

Candidate.  Aspirant,  solicitant, 
petitioner,  canvasser,  claimant, 
solicitor. 

ANT.  Non-competitor;  re- 
signer,  abandoner,  abjurer. 

Canvass.  Debate,  discuss,  dis- 
pute, agitate;  examine,  investi- 
gate, scrutinize,  sift,  study,  con- 
sider; solicit  votes  from,  apply 
for. 

ANT.  Admit,  pass,  misexam- 
ine,  allow,  ignore,  disregard. 

Capability.  Capacity,  ability, 
skill,  power,  competency,  effi- 
ciency, caliber,  force,  faculty, 
scope,  brains,  talent. 

ANT.  Dulness,  inability,  in- 
aptitude, difficulty,  awkward- 
ness. 

Capacity.  Space,  magnitude,  vol- 
ume, dimensions,  extent,  size, 
tonnage,  caliber;  faculty,  gift, 
talent,  genius,  competency,  ca- 
pability, discernment,  clever- 


ness, skill,  aptitude;  sphere, 
office,  province,  character,  func- 
tion. 

ANT.  Restriction,  narrow- 
ness, contractedness,  incapac- 
ity; vncompetency,  inefficiency, 
inability. 

Capital,  n.  Metropolis;  large 
letter;  stock,  sum  invested;  head 
of  a  column  or  pillar;  mental, 
physical,  or  financial  resources. 

Capital,  a.  Chief,  principal,  es- 
sential, leading,  cardinal ;  fatal, 
forfeiting  life ;  excellent,  prime, 
first-class,  first-rate,  consum- 
mate, high,  important. 

ANT.  Subordinate,  inferior, 
unimportant,  minor;  defective, 
mean. 

Capitulate.  Surrender,  yield, 
submit,  stipulate. 

ANT.  Resist,  contend,  strug- 
gle. 

Caprice.  Vagary,  freak,  whimy 
fancy,  crotchet. 

ANT.  Purpose,  plan,  deter- 
mination, conviction,  serious- 
ness. 

Capricious.  Wayward,  fanciful, 
freakish,  whimsical,  inconstant, 
uncertain,  fitful,  fickle,  change- 
able. 

ANT.  Firm,  inflexible,  un- 
sicerving,  constant,  decided,  se- 
rious. 

Captious.  Carping,  hypercriti- 
cal, censorious;  crabbed,  snap- 
pish, touchy,  cross,  snarling, 
acrimonious,  contentious;  in- 
sidious, ensnaring. 

ANT.  Appreciative,  commen- 
datory, complimentary,  encour- 
aging, flattering,  laudatory,  ap- 
proving. 

Captivate.     Charm,  enchant,  fas- 
cinate, enamor,  bewitch,  please 
highly,  lead  captive,  win,  catch. 
ANT.       Disenchant,     disillu- 
sionize; disgust. 

Captivity.      Thraldom,    confine- 


[  47  ] 


eap] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[cas 


ment,  duress,  imprisonment, 
bondage,  subjection,  slavery, 
servitude,  durance. 

ANT.  Freedom,  liberty,  in- 
dependence. 

Capture.      Seize,    catch,    arrest, 
apprehend,  make  captive ;  prize. 
ANT.    Liberate,  free,  release; 
acquit. 

Care.  Anxiety,  trouble,  solici- 
tude, concern,  vigilance,  worry, 
charge,  caution,  attention,  heed, 
forethought,  management,  per- 
plexity, watchfulness,  wariness, 
precaution,  oversight,  prudence. 
ANT.  Indifference,  heedless- 
ness,  negligence,  oversight,  re- 
missness,  slight,  recklessness, 
disregard,  carelessness,  inatten- 
tion. 

Career.  Course,  line  of  achieve- 
ment, passage,  race,  flight,  pro- 
cedure, conduct,  progress,  ac- 
tive life,  success. 

Careful.  Thoughtful,  provident, 
considerate,  reflective,  heedful, 
diligent,  pensive,  regardful,  con- 
templative. 

ANT.  Careless,  thoughtless, 
improvident,  unthinking,  heed- 
less, inconsiderate,  rash,  wan- 
ton, idle,  dreamy,  trifling. 

Caress,  v.  Embrace,  fondle,  kiss, 
pet,  pamper,  coddle,  court,  flat- 
ter. 

ANT.  Vex,  tease,  affront,  an- 
noy, provoke,  persecute. 

Cargo.  Freight,  load,  goods,  lad- 
ing, consignment,  merchandise. 

Caricature.  Imitation,  mimicry, 
parody,  travesty,  burlesque,  ex- 
aggeration, extravaganza,  take- 
off, farce,  monstrosity. 

ANT.  Portraiture,  resem- 
blance, representation,  repro- 
duction. 

Carnage.  Massacre,  bloodshed, 
slaughter,  havoc,  butchery. 

ANT.  Deliverance,  ransom, 
Quarter,  redemption. 


Carnal.  Sensual,  fleshly,  lustful, 
lascivious ;  natural,  unregener- 
ate,  earthly,  temporal. 

ANT.  Spiritual,  ethereal,  re- 
fined, pure,  exalted,  temperate, 
self-controlled. 

Carnival.  Festival,  revel,  mas- 
querade, rout. 

ANT.  Fast,  retirement,  Lent, 
penance,  mortification. 

Carol.     Sing,  warble,  chirp,  twit- 
ter, chant,  whistle,  hum;  hymn. 
ANT.     Whine,  lament,  dirge, 
cry,  croak,  weep,  groan,  moan. 

Carousal.  Feast,  festival,  ban- 
quet, revel,  debauch,  wassail, 
orgies. 

ANT.  Fast,  abstinence,  star- 
vation; temperance,  modera- 
tion; self-denial. 

Carp.  Cavil,  find  fault,  object  to, 
pick  flaws,  challenge,  censure, 
hypercriticize. 

ANT.  Concede,  admit,  com- 
pliment, approve,  applaud,  ac- 
quiesce, assent. 

Carpet.  Covering  for  floor;  table 
or  board  (metaphorical),  con- 
sideration, consultation. 

ANT.  Shelf  (metaphorical), 
rejection,  oblivion,  disposal. 

Carry.  Convey,  move,  transport, 
lift,  bring,  bear,  transmit,  sup- 
port, sustain,  take;  impel,  urge, 
push  forward ;  signify,  infer,  in- 
volve, implicate. 

ANT.  Drop,  let  go,  throw 
down,  fall  under,  shake  off;  re- 
tard, impede;  leave,  be  separate 
from. 

Case.  Box;  covering,  sheathe; 
state,  condition,  plight,  predica- 
ment; instance,  example,  occur- 
rence ;  circumstance,  event,  con- 
tingency; suit,  action,  process, 
trial,  cause;  question,  subject 
of  discussion;  form,  inflec- 
tion. 

ANT.  Hypothesis,  supposi- 
tion, fancy,  theory,  conjecture; 


t  48  ] 


cas] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


tcea 


generalisation,    principle,    uni- 
versality. 

Cash.  Coin,  money,  specie,  cur- 
rency, capital. 

ANT.  Paper  money,  green- 
backs, bills. 

Cast.  Hurl,  throw,  pitch,  fling, 
drive,  thrust,  sling,  toss;  shed, 
lay  aside;  calculate,  compute, 
reckon;  found,  form;  direct, 
turn;  assign,  appoint,  allot; 
impart,  shed,  diffuse,  communi- 
cate. 

ANT.  Raise,  elevate,  erect; 
accept,  approve,  retain,  carry; 
miscalculate;  break,  dismember, 
dissipate. 

Caste.  Grade,  rank,  order,  line- 
age, dignity,  respect. 

ANT.  Abasement,  degrada- 
tion, disrepute,  taboo,  reproach, 
ostracism. 

Castigate.  Whip,  flagellate,  cane. 
ANT.    Reward,  encourage,  ca- 
ress, pat. 

Casual.  Accidental,  incidental, 
fortuitous,  chance,  contingent. 

ANT.  Regular,  certain,  fixed, 
ordinary,  pc-riorlir,  systematic. 

Casuistry.  Sophistry,  fallacy, 
quibble;  refinement. 

ANT.  Reason,  common  sense, 
conscience. 

Catalogue.  List,  register,  index, 
enrolment,  entry,  record,  roll, 
inventory,  schedule. 

ANT.  Non-registration,  oblit- 
eration, oblivion,  forgetfulness; 
non-entry,  oversight,  omission. 

Catastrophe.  Revolution,  disas- 
ter, mishap,  misfortune,  calam- 
ity, cataclysm,  blow,  visitation. 
ANT.  Victor;/,  triumph,  ben- 
efit, ovation,  success,  felicita- 
tion, blessing. 

Catch.  Grasp,  seize,  clutch,  cap- 
ture, clasp,  secure,  snatch,  take, 
arrest,  ensnare,  entrap,  grip, 
lay  hold;  comprehend,  appre- 
hend, understand. 


ANT.    Lose,  miss,  fail  of,  let 
go,  give  up,  release,  restore. 
Categorical.       Plain,     absolute, 
distinct,    positive,    declaratory, 
affirmative. 

ANT.  Obscure,  ambiguous, 
dubious,  hypothetical,  contin- 
gent, mystical,  enigmatical. 
Category.  Class,  division,  order, 
rank;  universal  aspect,  primi- 
tive relation. 

ANT.     Essence,  truth,  being, 
substance,  nature. 
Causality.      Causation,   potenti- 
ality,    eventuality,     operative- 
ness. 

ANT.  Counteractivity,  bar- 
renness, sterility;  finality. 
Cause.  Agent,  origin,  source,  cre- 
ator, spring;  reason,  power; 
designer,  antecedent,  origina- 
tor, author,  producer;  condi- 
tion, principle. 

ANT.  Effect,  result,  end,  pro- 
duction, issue,  accomplishment, 
development,  consequence,  cre- 
ation, fruit,  event,  outcome, 
outgrowth. 

Caution.  Care,  heed,  wariness, 
circumspection,  forethought, 
discretion;  warning,  admoni- 
tion, advice,  counsel. 

ANT.  Temerity,  heedlessness, 
unguardedness,  improvidence, 
imprudence. 

Cavalier,  a.  Arrogant,  haughty, 
overbearing,  insolent,  disdain- 
ful. 

ANT.      Courteous;   subservi- 
ent, servile;  civil,  polite. 
Cavil.     Carp,  object,  censure. 

ANT.  Approve,  allow,  con- 
cede. 

Cavity.  Opening,  gap,  aperture, 
hole,  fissure. 

ANT.    Obstruction,  filling. 
Cease.     End,  finish,  desist,  leave 
off,  quit,  stop,  refrain,  abstain, 
discontinue,  pause,  terminate. 

ANT.    Begin,  commence,  con- 


[49  ] 


eel] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[cha 


tinue,  originate,  inaugurate, 
start,  set  going,  set  in  opera- 
tion. 

Celebrated.  Famous,  renowned, 
distinguished,  famed,  illustri- 
ous, eminent,  glorious,  notable, 
exalted. 

ANT.  Obscure,  unknown,  un- 
notable,  mean,  insignificant,  in- 
conspicuous. 

Celebration.  Solemnization,  ob- 
servance, commemoration,  lau- 
dation, praise,  commendation. 

ANT.  Oblivion,  desuetude, 
non-observance. 

Celebrity.  Fame,  renown,  repu- 
tation, glory,  honor,  repute, 
eminence,  distinction;  person  of 
note,  "  lion." 

ANT.  Obscurity,  ignominy, 
disgrace,  contempt,  meanness; 
infamy;  oblivion. 

Celerity.  Rapidity,  speed,  haste, 
velocity,  swiftness,  fleetness, 
despatch. 

ANT.  Slowness,  tardinets,  in- 
ertness. 

Celestial.  Heavenly,  angelic,  su- 
pernal, ethereal,  atmospheric, 
immortal,  seraphic,  divine,  god- 
like. 

ANT.  Earthly,  terrestrial; 
human,  mortal;  infernal. 

Censure.  Blame,  disapproval,  re- 
proach, disapprobation,  repri- 
mand, condemnation,  remon- 
strance, rebuke. 

ANT.  Praise,  approval,  eu- 
logy, commendation,  encourage- 
ment. 

Center.     Middle,  midst. 

ANT.  Perimeter,  rim,  bound, 
circumference,  boundary. 

Central.  Convenient,  medial,  ac- 
cessible. 

ANT.  Remote,  inaccessible, 
inconvenient. 

Centralize.   Concentrate,  collect, 
localize. 
ANT.    Disperse,  distribute. 


Ceremonial,  n.  Ritual,  rites, 
formalities,  etiquette. 

Ceremonial,  a.  Ritualistic,  for- 
mal, official,  ministerial,  pom- 
pous, sumptuous,  scenic,  func- 
tional. 

ANT.  Private,  unostenta- 
tious, undramatic,  unimposing, 
unassuming. 

Ceremonious.  Stately,  lofty, 
courtly;  formal,  studied,  punc- 
tilious; prim,  precise. 

ANT.  Brush,  blunt,  super- 
cilious, plain,  simple. 

Certain.  Sure,  infallible,  posi- 
tive, undeniable,  unfailing;  as- 
sured, fixed,  regular,  estab- 
lished; true,  accurate,  unmis- 
takable. 

ANT.  Dubious,  irregular,  un- 
decided, doubtful,  exceptional, 
casual. 

Certainty.  Assurance,  convic- 
tion, confidence,  positiveness. 

ANT.  Hesitation,  doubt,  mis- 
giving, conjecture,  indecision. 

Certify.  Acknowledge,  avow,  de- 
clare, prove,  inform,  assure,  at- 
test. 

ANT.  Disavow,  misinform, 
disprove. 

Cessation.  Stop,  pause,  abey- 
ance, suspension,  lull,  respite. 

ANT.  Incessancy,  continuity, 
continuance. 

Chafe.  Vex,  irritate,  gall,  rub, 
chagrin,  tease,  worry,  harass, 
annoy,  fret;  rage,  fume;  nettle, 
exasperate,  anger. 

ANT.  Soothe,  coax,  calm,  con- 
sole, humor;  submit,  endure, 
succumb. 

Chaff.  Banter,  badinage,  non- 
sense, frivolity;  refuse,  trash. 

ANT.  Sense,  reason,  pith, 
gist,  seriousness,  substance. 

Chagrin.  Humiliation,  shame, 
mortification,  confusion,  dis- 
composure, dismay,  disappoint- 
ment. 


C  50  ] 


cha] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


[cha 


ANT.  Delight,  glory,  exulta- 
tion, triumph,  rejoicing. 

Challenge,  v.  Dare,  brave,  de- 
fy; demand,  require,  claim;  ob- 
ject to,  take  exceptions. 

ANT.  Pass,  allow,  grant, 
concede,  permit;  retract,  re- 
treat. 

Champion.  Defender,  protector, 
vindicator;  hero,  winner,  chief, 
victor,  combatant. 

ANT.  Renegade,  traitor,  de- 
serter, coward;  adversary,  op- 
po'nent. 

Chance.  Hazard,  casualty,  acci- 
dent, luck,  fortune. 

ANT.  Law,  sequence,  pur- 
pose, design,  intention,  causa- 
tion, certainty. 

Change,  n.  Transformation,  va- 
riation, transition,  conversion, 
innovation,  diversion,  novelty, 
variety,  vicissitude,  alteration, 
transmutation. 

ANT.  Fixity,  identity,  con- 
stancy, uniformity,  firmness, 
permanence,  persistence,  steadi- 
ness. 

Change,  v.  Alter,  transform, 
vary,  turn,  veer,  shift,  qualify, 
modify,  exchange,  diversify, 
convert,  metamorphose,  substi- 
tute. 

ANT.  Continue,  endure,  stay, 
hold,  keep,  retain,  abide,  re- 
main, persist. 

Changeless.  Stationary,  undevi- 
ating,  immovable,  reliable,  con 
sistent. 

ANT.  Fluctuating,  vacillat- 
ing, capricious,  variable,  plas- 
tic. 

Character.  Mark,  figure,  sign, 
symbol,  emblem,  letter;  consti- 
tution, nature,  disposition,  turn, 
cast,  bent;  temperament,  moral 
qualities,  personality,  traits, 
habits;  person,  individual;  re- 
pute, reputation. 

ANT.     Anonymousness ;   dis- 


repute;  vagueness;   indefinite- 
ness. 

Characteristic.  Attribute,  pe- 
culiarity, trait,  sign,  indication, 
mark,  feature,  distinction,  sin- 
gularity, property,  idiosyn- 
crasy. 

ANT.  "Nondescript,  general" 
ity,  miscellany,  commonness. 
Charge,  v.  Load,  freight,  bur- 
den; intrust;  impute,  ascribe; 
accuse,  impeach,  incriminate, 
arraign,  indict;  command,  or- 
der, require,  bid;  attack,  as- 
sault. 

ANT.     Free,  acquit,  liberate, 
discharge. 

Charitable.  Benign,  bountiful, 
liberal;  lenient,  mild,  consider- 
ate. 

ANT.  Selfish,  harsh,  exact- 
ing, revengeful,  churlish,  cen- 
sorious. « 
Charity.  Benevolence,  liberal- 
ity, bounty,  generosity,  philan- 
thropy. 

ANT.      Harshness,    ill    will, 
malignity,  malevolence. 
Charlatan.     Quack,  mountebank, 
impostor,    pretender,    humbug, 
cheat. 

ANT.     Victim,  dupe,  gull. 
Charm.      Spell,  incantation,  en- 
chantment; fascination,  attrac- 
tion, allurement;  witchery,  sor- 
cery, magic,  necromancy. 

ANT.      Fear,   repulsion,    dis- 
enchantment, disillusion. 
Chary.     Careful,  cautious,  wary; 
frugal,   sparing,  saving,  reluc- 
tant. 

ANT.      Liberal,    lavish,   pro- 
fuse, extravagant. 
Chase.     Pursue,  track,  hunt,  fol- 
low, prosecute ;  emboss,  enchase. 
ANT.      Flee,     shun,     elude, 
evade;  abandon,  relinquish. 
Chaste.     Pure,  spotless,  immac- 
ulate, modest,  virtuous,  simple  j 
refined,  classic,  elegant. 


cha] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[dp 


ANT.       Corrup  t,      impure, 

flashy,  gaudy;  coarse,  inelegant. 

Chasten.       Discipline,     chastise, 

subdue,  afflict,   punish,   soften, 

try. 

ANT.  Indulge,  pamper,  spoil, 
demoralize. 

Chattels.  Goods,  wares,  effects, 
furniture. 

ANT.    Freehold. 

Cheap.  Common,  inexpensive, 
mean,  worthless,  vile,  paltry, 
low-priced,  poor,  indifferent. 

ANT.      Rare,    costly,    expen- 
sive, high,  precious. 
Cheat,  11.     Fraud,  trick,  artifice, 
swindle,  deceit,  fiction,  impos- 
ture. 

ANT.  Truth,  reality,  fact, 
"honesty,  authenticity,  certainty, 
openness,  sincerity. 
Check,  v.  Restrain,  curb,  stop, 
bridle,  hinder,  impede,  inhibit; 
reprove,  chide,  reprimand,  re- 
buke. 

ANT.  License,  indulge,  allow, 
loose,  liberate,  abet,  instigate. 
Cheer,  n.  Gladness,  joy,  gaiety, 
mirth,  merriment,  cheerfulness, 
happiness,  hope,  conviviality, 
plenty,  hospitality. 

ANT.  Gloom,  dearth,  sullen- 
ness,  niggardliness,  unsociable- 
ness. 

Cheerful.  Glad,  lively,  mirth- 
ful, animated,  jocund,  jolly, 
blithe,  buoyant,  merry,  joyous. 

ANT.  Oloomy,  dejected,  un- 
happy, lifeless,  dull,  depressing, 
melancholy,  joyless,  dispiriting. 
Cherish.  Foster,  nurture,  pro- 
tect, shelter,  treasure,  comfort, 
cheer. 

ANT.  A  bandon,  afflict,  check, 
discourage. 

Chief,  a.  Head,  important,  ex- 
cellent, high,  principal,  consum- 
mate. 

ANT.  Subordinate,  minor,  in- 
ferior. 


Chieftain.  Captain,  commander, 
general,  leader,  chief. 

ANT.  Vassal,  minion,  adher- 
ent, retainer,  attendant,  fol- 
lower. 

Childish.  Puerile,  weak,  infan- 
tine; silly,  foolish,  trivial,  tri- 
fling. 

ANT.  Manly,  strong,  wise, 
sagacious;  important,  momen- 
tous. 

Chimerical.  Visionary,  imagi- 
nary, unreal,  dreamy,  fanciful, 
fabulous. 

ANT.  Real,  actual,  substan- 
tial, veritable. 

Chivalrous.  Knightly,  gallant, 
gentlemanly,  heroic,  valiant, 
spirited. 

ANT.  Dastardly,  recreant, 
sneaking. 

Choice,  n.  Option,  preference, 
alternative,  selection,  election, 
free  will. 

ANT.  Necessity,  compulsion; 
refusal;  force;  fate,  predestina- 
tion. 

Choice,  a.  Select,  dainty,  rare, 
valuable,  cherished,  exquisite, 
precious. 

ANT.  Common,  ordinary,  des- 
picable, cheap,  inferior. 

Choose.  Select,  pick  out,  cull, 
prefer,  elect. 

ANT.  Cast  away,  reject,  de- 
cline, refuse,  leave,  throw 
aside. 

Chronicle.  Annals,  records,  reg- 
ister, memorials,  archives,  his- 
tory. 

ANT.  Legend,  romance,  tra- 
dition. 

Cipher.  Zero,  nothing,  nonen- 
tity, naught;  character,  symbol, 
device,  monogram ;  secret  char- 
acter, private  alphabet;  nobody, 
person  of  no  account. 

ANT.  Infinity ;  somebody,  ce- 
lebrity, star,  notability,  colos- 


t  52 


dr] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


Circular.  Round,  annular,  spher- 
ical, ring-shaped. 

ANT.  Linear,  direct,  straight. 

Circulate.  Move  in  a  circle ;  dif- 
fuse, spread,  disseminate,  pro- 
mulgate, propagate,  publish,  no- 
tify; travel. 

ANT.  Suppress,  hush,  cease, 
stagnate;  center,  monopolize, 
appropria  te. 

Circumference.  Periphery,  cir- 
cuit, boundary,  outline,  enclo- 
oure. 

ANT.     Center,  interior. 

Circumlocution.  Verbosity,  pro- 
lixity, wordiness,  diffuseness, 
periphrasis,  redundance,  tautol- 
ogy- 

ANT.  Brevity,  compression, 
condensation,  shortness,  suc- 
cinctness, terseness,  compact- 
ness, conciseness,  directness, 
plainness. 

Circumscribe.  Define,  limit,  de- 
lineate, enclose,  confine,  re- 
strict. 

ANT.  Distend,  dilate,  ex- 
pand, amplify,  enlarge,  extend. 

Circumspect.  Cautious,  wary, 
heedful,  attentive,  careful,  pru- 
dent, watchful,  scrupulous,  vig- 
ilant. 

ANT.  Careless,  reckless,  in- 
cautious, heedless,  unwary. 

Circumstance.  Event,  situa- 
tion, occurrence,  position,  de- 
tail, incident,  feature,  accom- 
paniment, particular,  point, 
item,  condition. 

ANT.  Deed,  case,  transac- 
tion, business,  affair. 

Cite.  Call,  summon,  name,  se- 
lect, refer  to,  quote,  mention. 

ANT.  Discard,  dismiss,  dis- 
pute, contradict,  reject,  chal- 
lenge, disprove. 

Citizen.  Inhabitant,  dweller, 
townsman,  burgher,  resident, 
subject,  denizen. 

Ajf"     Foreigner,  alien,  exile, 


visitor,  tramp,  transient,  tour- 
ist, sight-seer. 

Civilization.  Culture,  cultiva- 
tion, refinement,  amelioration, 
humanization. 

ANT.  Demoralization,  sav- 
agery, barbarism,  rudeness. 

Claim,  n.  Assertion,  requisition, 
demand,  call;  title,  privilege, 
right,  pretension. 

ANT.  Disclaimer,  surrender, 
abjuration,  waiver. 

Claim,  v.  Demand,  ask,  require, 
call  for,  assert,  insist,  request, 
maintain,  pretend. 

ANT.  Repudiate,  waive,  con- 
cede, forego,  abjure. 

Clamor,  n.  Noise,  uproar,  hub- 
bub, outcry,  vociferation,  ex- 
clamation. 

ANT.  Silence,  reticence,  ac- 
quiescence; repression,  stifling. 

Clandestine.  Secret,  private, 
furtive,  stealthy,  underhand, 
sly,  surreptitious,  hidden. 

ANT.  Open,  aboveboard,  sin- 
cere, frank. 

Class.  Company,  grade,  order, 
rank,  caste,  clan,  circle,  associ- 
ation, club,  clique,  coterie,  set. 

Classical.  Refined,  elegant,  pol- 
ished, chaste,  pure. 

ANT.  Corrupt,  barbarous, 
uncouth,  debased,  inelegant. 

Classification.  Grouping,  dis- 
position, arrangement,  distri- 
bution, category,  genus,  desig- 
nation, order,  species,  nature, 
character;  homogeneity. 

ANT.  Individuality,  special- 
ity, singularity,  distinction, 
heterogeneity. 

Clause.  Portion,  section,  pas- 
sage, paragraph,  stipulation, 
article,  chapter,  provision. 

ANT.  Document,  instrument, 
writing. 

Clean,  a.  Pure,  neat,  clear,  spot- 
less, cleansed,  untarnished,  up- 
right. 


[  53  ] 


cle] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[cog 


ANT.  Foul,  impure,  untidy, 
hampered,  unclean. 

Cleanse.  Purify,  wash,  clean, 
disinfect,  lave,  scour,  sponge, 
scrub,  sweep,  wipe,  rinse,  dust, 
purge. 

ANT.  Defile,  pollute,  stain, 
deprave,  sully,  taint,  "befoul, 
contaminate,  corrupt,  vitiate. 

Clear,  a.  Pure,  bright,  transpar- 
ent, free,  serene,  unclouded,  ob- 
vious, manifest,  pellucid,  un- 
adorned, plain,  distinct,  evi- 
dent, lucid,  intelligible,  explicit, 
straightforward,  perspicuous. 

ANT.  Mysterious,  unintelli- 
gible, vague,  opaque,  foggy,  dim, 
cloudy,  dubious,  turbid,  ambig- 
uous. 

Clever.  Gifted,  expert,  capable, 
apt,  bright,  ingenious,  quick- 
witted, skilful,  adroit,  dexter- 
ous, intellectual,  happy,  smart, 
talented,  keen,  knowing,  intel- 
ligent, quick,  sharp. 

ANT.  Foolish,  slow,  stupid, 
idiotic,  thickheaded,  witless, 
bungling,  awkward,  dull,  igno- 
rant, clumsy,  senseless. 

Climax.  Acme,  top,  summit,  cul- 
mination, height,  consumma- 
tion, zenith,  head. 

ANT.  Base,  floor,  nadir,  anti- 
climax, depth;  bathos. 

Cling.  Stick,  cleave,  fasten,  hold, 
adhere. 

ANT.  Drop,  relax,  swerve, 
let  go. 

Close.  Packed,  condensed,  com- 
pressed, narrow,  restricted, 
solid;  secret,  reserved;  nig- 
gardly. 

ANT.  Ample,  wide,  open,  spa- 
cious, patent,  public,  adver- 
tised: open-handed,  free,  liberal. 

Clownish.  Rude,  rustic,  boorish, 
awkward,  clumsy,  bucolic,  clod- 
dish. 

ANT.  Polite,  affable,  civil, 
urbane. 


Clumsy.  Awkward,  inexpert,  un- 
couth, bungling,  unskilful,  un- 
wieldly. 

ANT.  Neat,  skilful,  clever, 
expert,  adroit,  dexterous,  work- 
manlike. 

Coalesce.  Blend,  mix,  harmon- 
ize, unite,  consolidate,  combine, 
adhere. 

ANT.  Disagree,  sunder,  sep- 
arate, sever. 

Coalition.  League,  union,  al- 
liance, confederacy,  combina- 
tion, compact,  amalgamation. 

ANT.  Disruption,  rebellion, 
disagreement,  sedition,  mutiny. 

Coarse.  Of  large  fibers,  crude, 
rough,  gross;  indecent,  indeli- 
cate, unrefined,  unpolished,  vul- 
gar, common,  ordinary. 

ANT.  Fine,  choice,  delicate, 
gentle. 

Coax.  Wheedle,  flatter,  cajole, 
fawn,  allure,  seduce,  circum- 
vent. 

ANT.  Coerce,  impel,  drive, 
intimidate. 

Coerce.  Impel,  restrain,  inhibit, 
force,  compel,  drive,  check,  in- 
timidate. 

ANT.  Persuade,  coax,  per- 
mit, urge,  induce,  tempt. 

Coexistent.  Contemporary,  con- 
current, coincident,  simultane- 
ous. 

ANT.  Preceding  or  succeed- 
ing. 

Cogent.  Forcible,  powerful,  ef- 
fective, irresistible,  convincing, 
conclusive,  persuasive,  potent, 
urgent. 

ANT.  Weak,  feeble,  poicer- 
less,  ineffectual. 

Cogitate.  Meditate,  think,  re- 
flect, consider,  ponder,  contem- 
plate. 

ANT.    Dream,  idle,  wish. 

Cognizance.  Knowledge,  obser- 
vation, notice,  recognition,  ex- 
perience. 


[  54  ] 


con] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[com 


ANT.  Ignorance,  oversight, 
neglect. 

Coherent.  Compact,  consecutive, 
close,  logical,  consistent. 

ANT.  Rambling,  loose,  dis- 
cursive, aberrant. 

Coincidence.  Chance,  fortuity, 
harmony,  agreement,  casualty, 
concurrence,  contemporaneous- 
ness. 

ANT.  Design,  purpose,  asyn- 
chronism,  anachronism,  differ- 
ence. 

Cold.  Frigid,  chilly,  frosty,  icy, 
polar,  wintry;  dull,  lifeless,  un- 
impassioned,  sluggish,  apa- 
thetic, indifferent,  spiritless. 

ANT.  Hot,  warm,  ardent,  im- 
passioned, fiery,  burning,  fer- 
vid, vehement,  passionate. 

Colleague.  Associate,  coadjutor, 
collaborator,  helper,  companion, 
partner,  assistant,  ally,  confed- 
erate. 

ANT.  Opponent,  rival,  antag- 
onist, competitor. 

Collect.  Gather,  glean,  amass, 
garner,  muster,  congregate,  as- 
semble, convoke,  accumulate. 

ANT.  Distribute,  dispense, 
divide,  assort,  deal. 

Collision.  Clash,  shock,  impact, 
concussion,  encounter,  contact, 
opposition,  conflict. 

ANT.  Divergence;  concord, 
harmony,  agreement,  coinci- 
dence, concert,  unity,  amity, 
unison. 

Colloquy.  Dialogue,  conversa- 
tion, talk,  discourse,  consulta- 
tion, conference. 

ANT.  Babel,  tumult,  outcry, 
clamor;  silence,  taciturnity. 

Collusion.  Connivance,  accom- 
pliceship,  confederacy. 

ANT.  Frustration,  betrayal, 
exposure. 

Color.  Hue,  tint,  tinge,  shade, 
complexion;  pigment,  paint; 
pretense,  speciousness,  varnish, 


appearance,  semblance,  excuse, 
makeshift. 

ANT.  Paleness;  transpar- 
ency,  openness. 

Combat.  Conflict,  encounter, 
battle,  struggle,  contest,  con- 
tention. 

ANT.  Truce,  surrender,  medi- 
ation. 

Combination.  Association,  con- 
nection, union;  alliance,  league; 
mixture,  compound. 

ANT.      Division,    disruption, 
analysis,  dissolution. 
Comfortable.      Agreeable,   satis- 
factory,   pleasant,    convenient, 
commodious,  snug,  genial. 

ANT.     Miserable,   distressed, 
forlorn,  icretched,  cheerless. 
Comic.     Laughable,  droll,  funny, 
comical,  farcical,  ludicrous,  ri- 
diculous. 

ANT.    Serious,  solemn,  grave, 
tragic,  melancholy. 
Command.      Order,    direct,   bid, 
instruct,  charge,  enjoin;    rule, 
govern. 

ANT.  Beg,  petition,  suppli- 
cate, entreat;  obey,  yield,  com- 
ply. 

Commemorate.  Celebrate,  ob- 
serve, perpetuate. 

ANT.    Forget,  abolish,  ignore. 
Commence.     Begin,  start,  inau- 
gurate, undertake. 

ANT.  Finish,  conclude,  ter- 
minate. 

Commend.  Approve,  encourage, 
applaud,  praise. 

ANT.  Blame,  condemn,  cen- 
sure, denounce. 

Comment.  Remark,  observe,  ex- 
plain, note,  expound,  interpret, 
illustrate. 

ANT.    Confuse,  obscure,  mys- 
tify, confound,  misrepresent. 
Commerce.     Trade,  traffic,  busi- 
ness, exchange. 

ANT.  Embargo,  inactivity, 
boycott. 


[  55  ] 


com] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[com 


Commit.  Assign,  confide,  trust, 
relegate,  entrust,  consign. 

ANT.     Omit,  let  pass,  disre- 
gard, misconsign. 
Commodious.     Ample,  spacious, 
convenient,    comfortable,    suit- 
able. 

ANT.     Narrow,  cramped,  ill- 
contrived. 

Commodity.  Staple,  ware,  stock, 
produce,  article. 

ANT.    Drug,  refuse. 
Common.      Ordinary,    habitual, 
everyday,     familiar,     frequent ; 
coarse,  vulgar,  mean,  low. 

ANT.    Exceptional,  scarce,  re- 
fined, rare. 

Commotion.  Excitement,  dis- 
turbance, agitation,  turmoil,  tu- 
mult, disorder. 

ANT.        Quiet,     tranquillity, 
calm,  subsidence,  pacification. 
Communicate.     Divulge,  impart, 
disclose,  tell,  announce,  publish. 
ANT.     Secrete,  suppress,  con- 
ceal,   withhold,   reserve;    re- 
press; disavow. 

Communion.  Fellowship,  inter- 
course, participation. 

ANT.  Alienation,  exclusion, 
deprivation,  ostracism. 
Community.  Aggregation,  soci- 
ety, commonwealth,  neighbor- 
hood; fraternity,  similarity, 
sympathy,  homogeneity. 

ANT.      Hostility,    animosity, 
"heterogeneity . 

Commute.  Exchange,  replace, 
barter,  compensate,  mitigate, 
modify,  lessen,  diminish. 

ANT.     Disallow;  charge;  in- 
crease, enlarge. 

Compact,  n.  Agreement,  bond, 
contract,  treaty,  covenant. 

ANT.     Promise,  intention. 

Compact,  a.     Dense,  close,  solid, 

firm,  compressed;  concise,  terse. 

pithy,  short,  brief,  laconic,  con- 

pendious,  succinct,  sententious. 

ANT.    Diffuse;  sparse,  strag- 


gling; broadspread,  unshapely; 
prolix,  verbose. 

Companion.  Associate,  partner, 
mate,  comrade,  colleague. 

ANT.  Rival,  antagonist,  ad- 
versary. 

Companionable.  Sociable,  pleas- 
ant, affable,  genial,  friendly, 
agreeable. 

ANT.  Reserved,  haughty,  dis- 
tant, cold,  solitary,  inaccessible. 

Company.  Concourse,  gathering, 
crowd,  throng,  meeting,  multi- 
tude, assembly,  conclave,  con- 
ference, congregation,  conven- 
tion, convocation. 

ANT,  Privacy,  retirement, 
solitude,  dispersion,  loneliness, 
seclusion. 

Compare.  Collate,  estimate,  de- 
clare similar,  liken,  parallel. 

ANT.  Contrast,  disconnect, 
pit,  distinguish. 

Compass.  Surround,  enclose ;  ef- 
fect, achieve,  consummate,  com- 
plete. 

ANT.  Expand,  liberate;  fail, 
bungle,  mismanage. 

Compassion.  Pity,  sympathy, 
condolence,  kindness,  clemency, 
mercy. 

ANT.  Cruelty,  antipathy,  re- 
taliation, vindictireness. 

Compatible.  Consistent,  accor- 
dant, congruous,  congenial,  har- 
monious. 

ANT.  Hostile,  adverse,  im- 
possible, destructive,  contradic- 
tory. 

Compel.  Force,  oblige,  make  nec- 
essary, coerce,  constrain,  neces- 
sitate. 

ANT.  Hinder,  prevent,  delay, 
block,  hamper,  encumber. 

Compensation.  Recompense,  re- 
ward, requital,  satisfaction, 
reparation,  amends,  indemni- 
fication. 

ANT.  Damage,  injury,  depri- 
vation. 


[  56  ] 


com] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[com 


Compete.  Contend,  rival,  strive, 
struggle. 

ANT.    Share,  participate. 

Competence.  Ability,  capable- 
ness;  sufficiency,  enough,  ade- 
quacy. 

ANT.  Inability,  weakness; 
poverty,  want,  indigence. 

Competition.  Rivalry,  emula- 
tion, contest. 

ANT.  Alliance,  co-partner- 
ship. 

Complacent.  Pleased,  satisfied, 
contented,  amiable,  pleasant,  af- 
fable. 

ANT.  Morose,  austere,  un- 
mannerly. 

Complain.  Murmur,  grumble, 
remonstrate,  find  fault,  repine, 
lament,  grieve,  expostulate. 

ANT.  Approve,  commend,  ap- 
plaud, congratulate,  rejoice. 

Complement.  Fulfilment,  total- 
ity, counterpart,  supply,  cor- 
relative. 

ANT.  Deficit,  abatement,  de- 
ficiency. 

Complete,  a.  Perfect,  finished, 
total,  whole,  entire;  concluded, 
consummated,  ended;  adequate, 
exhaustive,  thorough. 

ANT.  Partial,  inadequate, 
imperfect,  unfinished. 

Complex.  Confused,  involved, 
mixed,  entangled,  complicated, 
composite,  manifold,  mingled, 
intricate,  obscure. 

ANT.  Direct,  obvious,  plain, 
uniform,  simple,  homogeneous, 
unraveled. 

Complexion.  Face,  feature,  ap- 
pearance, look,  hue,  character, 
indication. 

ANT.  Heart,  core;  reticence, 
concealment,  inexpression. 

Compliance.  Yielding,  submis- 
sion, acquiescence,  docility,  obe- 
dience. 

ANT.  Resistance,  repulsion, 
refusal. 


Compliment.  Flattery,  praise, 
homage,  commendation,  enco- 
mium. 

ANT.  Insult,  contempt,  dis- 
courtesy. 

Complimentary.  Commenda- 
tory, flattering,  laudatory. 

ANT.  Disparaging,  abusive, 
defamatory,  denunciatory 

Component.  Constituent,  fae- 
tor,  element,  ingredient. 

ANT.  Compound,  entirety, 
sum,  aggregate. 

Comport.      Conduct,  behave,  de- 
mean ;  accord,  agree,  harmonize. 
ANT.    Contrast,  militate,  dif- 
fer; misdemean,  misconduct. 

Compose.  Compile,  construct* 
constitute;  soothe,  allay,  calm; 
write. 

ANT.  Analyze,  dissect;  irri- 
tate, excite;  criticize. 

Composition.  Formation,  mak- 
ing; compound,  mixture;  ar- 
rangement, union,  combination; 
writing,  invention;  agreement, 
compromise. 

ANT.  Examination,  analy- 
sis, criticism;  disturbance;  seg- 
regation. 

Composure.     Tranquillity,  calm, 
repose,  self-possession,  serenity. 
ANT.    Restlessness,  perturba- 
tion. 

Compound,  n.  Mixture,  combi- 
nation, amalgamation,  coales- 
cence, synthesis. 

ANT.  Analysis,  dissolution, 
resolution. 

Comprehend.  Understand,  con- 
ceive, grasp;  include,  enclose, 
embrace. 

ANT.  Misunderstand,  mis- 
construe; except,  exclude. 

Comprehension.  Conception,  un- 
derstanding, perception,  appre- 
hension, capacity,  intellect,  rea- 
son, mind,  intelligence. 

ANT.  Idiocy,  nescience,  mi*- 
understanding,  misconception. 


\  67  1 


com] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[con 


Comprehensive.  Ample,  wide, 
inclusive,  extensive,  capacious, 
compendious. 

ANT.  Narrow,  shallow,  re- 
stricted. 

Compress.  Condense,  squeeze, 
contract,  epitomize,  abridge. 

ANT.  Expand,  diffuse,  di- 
late. 

Comprise.  Include,  involve,  con- 
tain, comprehend,  embrace,  im- 

piy. 

ANT.  Except,  "bar  out,  omit, 
reject. 

Compromise.  Adjust,  arbitrate, 
settle;  engage,  pledge,  commit; 
implicate,  involve,  endanger. 

ANT.  Contend,  fight;  repu- 
diate, disallow;  exonerate,  ex- 
tricate. 

Compulsion.  Force,  coercion, 
constraint,  control. 

ANT.  Coaxing,  persuasion, 
inducement. 

Compunction.  Regret,  remorse, 
contrition,  penitence. 

ANT.      Assurance,    self-com- 
placency, satisfaction. 
Compute.       Number,     calculate, 
reckon,  count;  value,  estimate, 
appraise. 

ANT.  Guess,  conjecture,  sur- 
mise. 

Comrade.  Companion,  compeer, 
colleague,  associate,  partner, 
friend. 

ANT.  Opponent;  stranger, 
alien. 

Concatenation.  Connection,  con- 
tinuity; series,  chain,  succes- 
sion. 

ANT.       Intermission,    sever- 
ing, disconnection. 
Concave.     Hollow,  depressed,  ex- 
cavated. 

ANT.  Convex,  protuberant, 
tumular. 

Conceal.      Hide,     suppress,     se- 
crete, disguise. 
ANT.     Reveal,  expose,  make 


manifest,  lay  tare,  confess,  pub- 
lish, divulge. 

Concede.  Surrender,  admit,  re- 
sign, yield,  allow. 

ANT.    Refuse,  claim,  contend, 
contradict,  deny,  contest. 

Conceit.  Notion,  whim,  vagary, 
idea,  abstraction,  affectation, 
imagination. 

ANT.       Reality,     fact,     sub- 
stance; simplicity,  humility. 

Conceited.  Egoistical,  opinion- 
ated, vain. 

ANT.      Simple,    unassuming, 
unaffected. 

Conceive.  Imagine,  apprehend, 
believe,  design,  think,  under- 
stand. 

ANT.    Express,  produce,  exe- 
cute. 

Concentrate.    Convene,  assemble, 
congregate,  muster,  centralize. 
ANT.     Scatter,  disperse,  dis- 
pense, dismiss. 

Concern.  Interest,  anxiety,  so- 
licitude; affair,  matter,  insti- 
tution. 

ANT.     Indifference,  careless- 
ness, disregard. 

Concerning.  About,  regarding, 
in  relation  to,  respecting,  in 
respect  to,  relative  to,  of. 

ANT.  Disregarding,  omitting. 

Concert.  Agreement,  harmony, 
concord,  concordance,  combina- 
tion, union,  association. 

ANT.      Opposition,   disagree- 
ment, discord. 

Concession.  Surrender,  grant, 
boon,  acknowledgment,  admis- 
sion. 

ANT.     Refusal,  denial,  toith- 
drarcal. 

Conciliate.  Win,  gain,  pacify, 
reconcile,  propitiate. 

ANT.     Alienate,  irritate,  es- 
trnnge,  lose,  antagonize. 

Concise.  Succinct,  condensed, 
terse,  pregnant,  pointed,  brief, 
short,  laconic. 


[  58 


con] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[con 


ANT.    Prolix,  verbose,  diffuse, 
discursive,  rambling,  pointless. 
Conclave.    Assembly,  synod,  cab- 
inet, council,  bureau. 

ANT.    Throng,  mob,  populace, 
concourse,  crowd. 
Conclude.    Close,  end,  terminate, 
finish;  decide,  determine. 

ANT.  Begin,  commence,  un- 
dertake, initiate;  prolong,  pro- 
tract, 

Conclusion.  End,  termination, 
finale,  finis. 

ANT.  Commencement,  begin- 
ning, initiation. 

Conclusive.  Final,  decisive,  pos- 
itive, definitive,  indisputable. 

ANT.      Dubious,    vague,    un- 
certain, problematical,  theoret- 
ical, indeterminate. 
Concoct.      Brew,    prepare,    com- 
pound, mix. 

ANT.    Spoil,  upset,  overbrew. 
Concoction.       Compound,    brew, 
mixture;  scheme,  fiction. 

ANT.  Rawness,  crudity ;  sim- 
plicity. 

Concomitant.      Attending,  coin- 
cident, attendant,  synchronous. 
ANT.      Antecedent;    diverse, 
unconnected;  subsequent. 
Concord.      Harmony,  agreement, 
friendship,  unanimity,  accord. 
ANT.      Variance,    animosity, 
discord. 

Concourse.  Assembly,  throng, 
crowd,  mob,  assemblage,  gath- 
ering, multitude. 

ANT.     Conclave,  cabal,  cabi- 
net; desert,  solitude. 
Concrete.     Solid,  firm,  compact; 
complex,    conglomerate ;      indi- 
vidualized, specific,  particular. 
ANT.     Loose,  shifting,  yield- 
ing, unresisting;  abstract,  gen- 
eral. 

doncur.       Approve,     harmonize, 
agree;  help,  combine,  conspire. 
ANT.    Disagree,  dissent,  part, 
differ,  disapprove,  separate. 


Concussion.      Collision,   encoun- 
ter,  crash,   impact,   percussion. 
ANT.      Inter-divergence;    es- 
cape; tangency ;  failure,  miss- 
ing. 

Condemn.  Blame,  censure,  de- 
nounce, convict,  sentence,  re- 
prove, doom. 

ANT.  Acquit,  exonerate,  ab- 
solve, pardon,  justify,  praise, 
approve. 

Condense.  Concentrate,  abridge, 
shorten. 

ANT.  Expand,  amplify,  en- 
large. 

Condescend.  Deign,  vouchsafe, 
stoop. 

ANT.     Scorn,  spurn,  disdain. 

Condescension.  Graciousness,  fa- 
vor. 

ANT.  Arrogance,  haughti- 
ness, pride. 

Condign.  Adequate,  deserved, 
merited,  suitable,  meet,  just. 

ANT.  Unmerited,  inadequate ; 
excessive  or  scant. 

Condiment.  Sauce,  seasoning, 
preserve,  pickle,  relish,  appe- 
tizer. 

Condition.  Situation,  case,  cir- 
cumstances, plight;  rank,  es- 
tate, grade;  proviso,  considera- 
tion, stipulation. 

ANT.  Concession,  adapta- 
tion; relation,  dependence. 

Conditionally.  Provided,  pro- 
visionally, hypothetically,  con- 
tingently. 

ANT.  Absolutely,  positively, 
categorically. 

Condole.  Console,  commiserate, 
sympathize. 

ANT.  Congratulate,  rally,  ex- 
hilarate. 

Condone.  Pardon,  overlook,  for- 
give. 

ANT.    Atone,  expiate,  satisfy. 

Conduce.  Subserve,  promote, 
forward,  advance,  contribute  to, 
aid. 


con] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[con. 


ANT.  Defeat;  counteract, 
neutralize. 

Conduct.  Lead,  direct,  guide, 
convoy,  escort;  command,  gov- 
ern; manage,  regulate;  rule, 
superintend. 

ANT.  Mislead;  mismanage; 
follow. 

Confection.  Candy,  cake,  condi- 
ment, concoction,  sweetmeat. 

Confederacy,  Confederation. 
Alliance,  league,  treaty,  union, 
coalition,  federation,  compact. 

ANT.  Secession,  disruption, 
disunion. 

Conference.  Discourse,  conver- 
sation, talk;  interview,  collo- 
quy, parley,  consultation;  con- 
vention, convocation,  meeting. 

ANT.  Silence;  monologue; 
dispersion. 

Confess.  Acknowledge,  admit, 
disclose,  own,  allow,  grant,  con- 
cede, avow. 

ANT.  Deny,  conceal,  repudi- 
ate, disavow,  hide,  dissemble. 

Confession.  Admission,  avowal, 
acknowledgment ;  creed,  doc- 
trines, tenets,  catechism,  sub- 
scription. 

ANT.  Heresy,  apostasy,  pro- 
test, refutation,  renunciation, 
abjuration. 

Confide.  Trust,  rely,  lean,  hope, 
depend,  believe,  put  confidence 
in. 

ANT.  Doubt,  mistrust,  disbe- 
lieve, disprove,  despair  of. 

Confident.  Assured,  sure,  posi- 
tive, certain;  bold,  presumptu- 
ous, impudent,  sanguine. 

ANT.  Dubious,  doubtful,  un- 
decided, vacillating. 

Confidential.  Intimate,  secret, 
private;  trusty,  faithful. 

ANT.  Public,  patent,  open; 
treacherous,  insidious,  traitor- 
ous. 

Configuration.  Outline,  shape, 
form,  contour. 


ANT.  Shapelessness,  indeter- 
minateness;  distortion,  deform- 
ity. 

Confine,  v.  Limit,  bound,  im- 
prison, restrict,  circumscribe, 
enclose. 

ANT.  Widen,  expand,  liber- 
ate, unfasten,  loosen,  extend, 
dilate. 

Confirm.  Sanction,  uphold,  as- 
sure, establish,  strengthen,  sub- 
stantiate, settle,  corroborate. 

ANT.  Shatter,  weaken,  up- 
set, annul,  abrogate,  cancel,  de- 
stroy, shake. 

Confiscate.  Forfeit,  seize,  es- 
cheat, condemn,  sequestrate. 

ANT.  Release,  restore,  re- 
fund. 

Conflagration.  Fire,  arson,  ig- 
nition, incendiarism,  combus- 
tion. 

ANT.  Extinction,  quenching; 
smoldering. 

Conflict.     Contest,  battle,  strug- 
gle, encounter;  clashing,  inter- 
ference,  disagreement,   discord. 
ANT.     Amity,  reconciliation, 
pacification,  arbitration. 

Conform.  Agree,  consent,  har- 
monize, comply,  correspond, 
comport. 

ANT.  Dissent,  disagree;  an- 
tagonize, secede;  vary,  differ. 

Confound.  Confuse,  perplex,  be- 
wilder, mystify;  surprise,  as- 
tonish, astound,  startle;  de- 
stroy, ruin,  overwhelm;  discon- 
cert, abash,  shame. 

ANT.  Clear,  set  right,  ar- 
range, enlighten;  save,  protect; 
calm,  console,  soothe,  restore. 

Confront.  Oppose,  threaten,  en- 
counter, challenge,  face,  intimi- 
date. 

ANT.  Encourage,  abet,  coun- 
tenance. 

Confuse.  Mingle,  confound;  de- 
range, disturb,  perplex,  em- 
barrass, obscure,  mortify. 


con] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[con 


ANT.     Arrange;  relieve,  as- 
sist, allay;  calm,  restore. 
Congeal.     Freeze,  convert  to  ice, 
benumb. 

ANT.     Melt,  thaw,  dissolve. 
Congenial.       Kindred,     similar, 
sympathetic,     suited,     natural, 
proper,  agreeable. 

ANT.      Disagreeable,    abhor- 
rent, unnatural,  alien,  dissim- 
ilar, unxuited,  unsympathetic. 
Congenital.     Coeval,  connatural, 
innate,  inherent,  ingenerate. 

ANT.  Unnatural,  assumed, 
extraneous,  acquired,  artificial, 
adventitious. 

Congeries,  Congestion.  Con- 
glomeration, aggregation,  accu- 
mulation, plethora,  repletion. 

ANT.     Dissipation,  diffusion, 
clearance,  dispersion. 
Congratulate.      Felicitate,  com- 
pliment, rejoice  with. 

ANT.  Console,  condole  with, 
commiserate. 

Congregate.      Assemble,  collect, 
meet,  convene,  gather,  throng. 
ANT.      Disperse,    disappear, 
separate,  part,  scatter. 
Congregation.     Assembly,  meet- 
ing, audience,  conference. 

ANT.  Dispersion,  dismis- 
sal. 

Congress.  Parliament,  conclave, 
cabinet,  council,  assembly,  legis- 
lature, synod,  convention,  con- 
ference. 

ANT.  Cabal,  sedition,  upris- 
ing, mob;  intrigue. 
Congruous.  Accordant,  agree- 
ing, harmonious,  coherent,  suit- 
able, consistent,  proper,  appro- 
priate. 

ANT.  Discordant,  heterogene- 
ous, inharmonious,  improper, 
unsuitable. 

Conjecture,  n.    Supposition,  sur- 
mise, guess,  hypothesis,  theory, 
notion,  divination. 
ANT.    Calculation,  inference, 


deduction,  proof;  fact,  surety, 
certainty,  security. 

Conjuncture.  Combination,  con- 
currence; emergency,  crisis,  ex- 
igency, juncture. 

ANT.  Provision,  prepara- 
tion, arrangement. 

Connection.  Conjunction,  com- 
bination, union,  association,  de- 
pendence. 

ANT.  Independence,  disjuno- 
tion,  dissociation,  dissolution. 

Conquer.  Overcome,  subjugate, 
master,  vanquish,  subdue,  rout, 
defeat,  overpower,  overthrow, 
prevail  over,  reduce,  win,  sur- 
mount, worst,  checkmate,  beat, 
crush,  down,  discomfit. 

ANT.  Surrender,  capitulate, 
cede,  forfeit,  fly,  yield,  retreat, 
withdraw,  retire,  submit,  suc- 
cumb, fall,  lose,  resign,  fail. 

Conquest.  Victory,  subjugation, 
triumph. 

ANT.  Defeat,  failure,  surren- 
der, submission. 

Conscience.  Moral  sense,  intui- 
tion, integrity,  principle. 

ANT.  Irresponsibility,  lax- 
ity, undutifulness,  unscrupu- 
lousness. 

Conscientious.  Scrupulous,  ex- 
act, upright,  high-principled, 
honest,  honorable,  equitable,  in- 
corruptible, fair,  faithful. 

ANT.  Lax,  unprincipled,  un- 
scrupulous, reprobate,  dishon- 
orable, faithless. 

Conscious.  Sensible,  cognizant, 
aware,  intelligent,  advised,  ap- 
prised, assured,  sure,  certain, 
informed;  thinking,  reflecting, 
rational,  intellectual. 

ANT.  Insensible,  unaware, 
ignorant,  dead,  cold,  deaf;  ir- 
rational, thoughtless. 

Conscription.  Drafting,  im- 
pressment. 

ANT.  Volunteering,  enlist- 
ment. 


[  81  ] 


con] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[con 


Consecrate.  Dedicate,  ordain ; 
sanctify,  hallow. 

ANT.     Desecrate,  defile. 

Consecutive.  Sequent,  continu- 
ous, orderly,  following. 

ANT.  Disordered,  rambling, 
discursive,  illogical. 

Consent.  Assent,  approve,  agree, 
yield,  comply,  acquiesce. 

ANT.  Refuse,  resist,  decline, 
dissent. 

Consequence.  Result,  issue,  se- 
quel, effect,  outgrowth,  event, 
end,  upshot;  importance,  dig- 
nity, moment. 

ANT.  Cause,  occasion,  ori- 
gin; axiom,  postulate,  premise, 
antecedence;  insignificance,  pal- 
triness. 

Consequential.  Following,  re- 
sulting, coherent,  cogent,  con- 
nected ;  pompous,  self-conceited, 
arrogant,  vainglorious. 

ANT.  Incoherent,  illogical; 
affable,  accessible,  humble,  con- 
siderate. 

Conservation.  Protection,  per- 
petuation, preservation,  main- 
tenance. 

ANT.  Neglect,  exposure,  de- 
struction, abolition. 

Conservative.  Stationary,  tra- 
ditional, opposed  to  change. 

ANT.  Radical,  progressive, 
changeable,  transitional,  modi- 
fiable, innovating. 

Consider.  Think,  ponder,  medi- 
tate, reflect,  investigate,  weigh, 
deliberate,  observe,  attend,  re- 
gard. 

ANT.  Guess,  conjecture,  ig- 
nore, chance,  hazard. 

Considerate.  Kindly,  thought- 
ful, reflective,  careful,  prudent, 
deliberate,  serious,  charitable, 
forbearing,  cautious. 

ANT.  Rash,  careless,  impru- 
dent, thoughtless,  rude,  selfish, 
overbearing,  injudicious. 

Consignment.      Custody,     com- 


mission,   delegation ;     sending, 
shipping. 

ANT.     Miscommitment. 

Consistency.  Density,  solidity, 
compactness,  coherence;  agree- 
ment, congruity,  correspond- 
ence, uniformity,  harmony,  in- 
variableness. 

ANT.  Tenuity,  subtility,  vol- 
atility; incoherence,  incongru- 
ity, contrariety,  contradiction. 

Console.  Comfort,  condole  with, 
sympathize,  encourage,  soothe, 
assuage,  solace. 

ANT.  Distress,  grieve,  dis- 
turb, annoy,  sadden,  trouble, 
wound,  hurt. 

Consolidate.  Solidify,  harden, 
condense,  compress,  compact; 
thicken,  strengthen,  solder,  ce- 
ment, fuse;  conjoin,  combine. 

ANT.  Dissolve,  melt,  vapor- 
ize, iceaken,  dissipate,  subli- 
mate, pulverize;  dissect,  disjoin. 

Conspicuous.  Visible,  apparent, 
discernible,  plain,  clear,  percep- 
tible, noticeable;  eminent,  dis- 
tinguished, prominent,  famous, 
noted,  manifest. 

ANT.  Invisible,  microscopic, 
hidden,  imperceptible,  unseen; 
ordinary,  mediocre,  common- 
place. 

Conspiracy.  Intrigue,  treason, 
cabal,  plot,  machination,  combi- 
nation; sedition. 

ANT.  Legislation,  congress, 
parliament,  synod. 

Constant.  Fixed,  immutable,  in- 
variable, unchanging,  perma- 
nent, perpetual;  resolute,  firm, 
steady;  persevering,  assiduous; 
incessant,  unbroken,  continu- 
ous; faithful,  true,  loyal,  de- 
voted. 

ANT.  Irregular,  exceptional, 
casual,  incidental,  fickle,  faith- 
less, broken,  treacherous,  un- 
trustworthy, false. 

Consternation.    Amazement,  ter- 


•on] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[con 


ror,  alarm,  dismay,  panic,  be- 
wilderment. 

ANT.  Fearlessness,  boldness, 
composure,  presence  of  mind. 

Constituent.  Elector,  patron, 
voter,  supporter,  sender;  ingre- 
dient, component,  element. 

ANT.  Representative,  nom- 
inee; constitution,  system,  com- 
pound, whole. 

Constitution.  Organization,  for- 
mation ;  quality,  character,  tem- 
perament, peculiarity,  charac- 
teristic; charter,  law. 

ANT.  Conspiracy,  rebellion, 
tyranny,  anarchy,  despotism, 
destruction,  disorganization; 
disposition,  mood,  frame  of 
mind,  temper. 

Construct.  Build,  erect,  invent, 
form,  shape,  combine. 

ANT.  Demolish,  overthrow, 
destroy,  derange. 

Construction.  Building,  erec- 
tion, composition,  fabrication; 
structure,  formation,  form,  fig- 
ure; explanation,  version,  ren- 
dering, interpretation. 

ANT.  Dislocation,  dismem- 
berment, dissolution;  misunder- 
standing, misconception. 

Consult.     Deliberate,  take  coun- 
sel,   confer,    advise   with,    can- 
vass, question,  consider,  regard. 
ANT.       Dictate,     counteract, 
contradict. 

Consume.  Eat  up,  devour;  de- 
stroy, lavish,  dissipate,  waste, 
spend. 

ANT.  Discard,  reject,  throw 
aside;  preserve,  replenish,  sup- 
ply, provide. 

Consummate,  a.  Perfect,  excel- 
lent, supreme,  finished,  com- 
plete. 

ANT.  Common,  faulty,  defec- 
tive, ordinary/,  mediocre. 

Consummation.  Achievement, 
attainment,  completion,  termi- 
nation, accomplishment,  fulfil- 


ment, realization,  close,  finish, 
finale. 

ANT.  Beginning,  attempt,  in- 
ception, initiation,  source,  ori- 
gin. 

Consumption.  Expenditure,  use, 
waste,  extinction,  destruction. 

ANT.  Development,  increase, 
growth,  enlargement,  augmen- 
tation. 

Contact.  Touch,  junction,  con- 
tiguity, closeness,  union. 

ANT.    Adjacence,  proximity; 
separation,  distance,  isolation. 
Contagion.     Infection;  contami- 
nation,   taint,    pestilence,    cor- 
ruption. 

ANT.  Prevention;  antisepsis, 
disinfection. 

Contain.  Include,  embody,  com- 
prehend, comprise,  embrace;  re- 
strain, hold. 

ANT.      Omit,    exclude,    drop, 
discharge;  yield,  give  way. 
Contaminate.     Taint,  defile,  cor- 
rupt, sully. 

ANT.    Cleanse,  purify. 
Contemn.      Despise,   scorn,   dis- 
dain, slight. 

ANT.    Venerate,  respect. 
Contemplate.      Meditate,  study, 
ponder,  survey,  reflect;  intend, 
design. 

ANT.    Overlook,  waive,  aban- 
don; execute,  complete,  do. 
Contemptible.      Despicable,    ab- 
ject, base,  worthless,  mean,  low. 
ANT.    Respectable,  venerable; 
worthy,    estimable,    important, 
grave. 

Contend.     Strive,  fight,  struggle, 
combat;  debate,  argue,  dispute; 
affirm,  assert,  maintain,  claim. 
ANT.      Concede,   allow,   sur- 
render. 

Content.  Satisfied,  pleased,  easy, 
willing,  resigned,  gratified. 

ANT.  Reluctant,  unwilling, 
unsatisfied,  rebellious,  discon- 
tent. 


[  63  J 


•on] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[con 


Contention.  Strife,  dissension, 
quarrel,  rupture,  dispute,  de- 
bate, controversy,  altercation. 

ANT.   Peace,  amity,  harmony, 
concord,  reconciliation. 
Contingent,  a.     Casual,  happen- 
ing, fortuitous,  dependent,  inci- 
dental,   provisional,   uncertain. 

ANT.  Independent,  absolute, 
positive,  uncontrolled,  uninflu- 
enced, unaffected. 
Continual.  Incessant,  ceaseless, 
invariable,  perpetual,  constant, 
uninterrupted,  unbroken,  unre- 
mitting, continuous. 

ANT.  Exceptional,  irregular, 
casual,  contingent,  intermittent, 
interrupted,  suspended. 
Continually.  Constantly,  per- 
petually, ever,  always,  repeat- 
edly, frequently,  continuously. 

ANT.  Occasionally,  rarely, 
sometimes. 

Continue.  Remain,  endure,  per- 
sist; abide,  stay,  tarry;  perse- 
vere, be  constant  or  steadfast. 

ANT.  Stop,  cease,  fail,  pause. 
Contract,  n.  Compact,  stipula- 
tion, agreement,  arrangement, 
bargain,  covenant,  pact,  obli- 
gation, pledge,  engagement, 
bond. 

ANT.  Promise,  parole,  assur- 
anoe,  understanding,  assump- 
tion. 

Contract,  v.  Narrow,  abbreviate, 
abridge,  lessen,  reduce,  com- 
press; shrivel,  shrink;  agree, 
stipulate,  bargain. 

ANT.  Expand,  amplify,  di- 
late; reverse,  cancel,  abandon. 
Contradict.  Deny,  gainsay,  dis- 
pute, impugn,  controvert;  op- 
pose, counteract,  annul,  thwart, 
abrogate. 

ANT.     Maintain,  argue,  con- 
firm, state,  affirm,  endorse. 
Contrary.    Opposite,  opposed,  ad- 
verse, counter;  conflicting,  con- 
tradictory, antagonistic,  repug- 


nant ;  perverse,  obstinate,  stub- 
born, headstrong. 

ANT.  Compatible,  agreeing, 
kindred,  compliant,  submissive; 
consistent. 

Contrast,  v.  Differentiate,  dis- 
criminate, oppose,  compare. 

ANT.  Resemble,  be  like  or 
similar,  liken,  harmonize. 

Contribute.      Add,  give,  coSper- 
ate,  assist,  subscribe,  supply. 
ANT.    Refuse,  icithhold,  deny. 

Contribution.  Donation,  offer- 
ing, gift,  subscription,  subsidy, 
aid,  assistance. 

ANT.  Withholding,  retention, 
reservation. 

Contrive.  Plan,  design,  devise, 
invent,  project,  form,  frame, 
scheme,  plot,  consider;  manage, 
make  out;  concert,  adjust. 

ANT.  Bit,  chance,  venture, 
bungle,  hazard;  mismanage, 
miscontrive. 

Control,  v.  Direct,  manage,  rule, 
command,  sway,  superintend; 
hinder,  repress,  restrain,  curb, 
check. 

ANT.  License,  free;  neglect, 
abandon;  mismanage,  miscon- 
duct. 

Controversy.      Dispute,  alterca- 
tion, contention,  disagreement. 
ANT.    Agreement,  unanimity, 
coincidence. 

Contumacy.  Obstinacy,  stub- 
bornness, perverseness,  perti- 
nacity, obduracy;  disobedience, 
insolence. 

ANT.  Docility,  tractableness, 
flattering,  fawning,  servility. 

Contumely.  Obloquy,  reproach, 
opprobrium,  insolence,  abuse, 
contempt,  scorn,  disdain,  arro- 
gance. 

AXT.  Regard,  considerations 
adulation,  obsequiousness. 

Convene.  Assemble,  meet,  con- 
gregate, summon,  master,  col- 
lect. 


r  34  \ 


con] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[coo 


ANT.  Dismiss,  disperse,  dis- 
band, dissipate. 

Convenient.  Suitable,  fit,  ap- 
propriate, proper,  adapted;  ad- 
vantageous, commodious,  com- 
fortable, useful,  serviceable. 

ANT.  Inconvenient,  useless, 
awkicard,  superfluous;  inop- 
portune. 

Convention.  Assemblage,  con- 
ference, meeting,  concourse,  ses- 
sion, synod,  congress,  convoca- 
tion; treaty,  compact. 

ANT.  Recess,  dissolution, 
prorogation;  dispersion,  scat- 
tering; promise,  understand- 
ing, parole. 

Conventional.  Usual,  custom- 
ary, ordinary,  habitual,  regu- 
lar, wonted,  prevalent,  social, 
everyday;  stipulated. 

ANT.  Unusual,  erratic,  ex- 
traordinary; legal,  compulsory. 

Conversant.      Familiar,   skilled, 
acquainted,    proficient,    versed. 
ANT.     Strange,  ignorant,  un- 
versed, unlearned. 

Conversation.  Converse,  com- 
munion, intercourse,  parley, 
talk,  chat,  conference,  com- 
munication, discourse,  colloquy, 
dialogue. 

ANT.  Speech,  oration,  ha- 
rangue, soliloquy,  apostrophe, 
monologue,  silenoe,  tacitur- 
nity. 

Converse,  a.  Opposite,  reverse, 
contrary,  counter,  contradic- 
tory. 

ANT.  Identical,  one,  same, 
indistinguishable;  direct,  pri- 
mary. 

Conversion.  Alteration,  trans- 
mutation, change,  transforma- 
tion. 

ANT.  Permanence,  identity, 
persistence,  conservation. 

Convertible.  Equivalent,  inter- 
changeable, identical ;  revers- 
ible. 

I  e 


ANT.  Variant,  contrary,  in- 
commensurate. 

Convey.  Take,  transfer,  move, 
change,  carry,  shift,  transmit, 
transport,  remove,  consign,  rele- 
gate. 

ANT.    Retain,  preserve,  hold, 
cling  to,  possess. 
Conviction.      Belief,    assurance, 
persuasion ;    confutation,    refu- 
tation; proof,  detection. 

ANT.  Doubt,  disbelief,  mis- 
giving; vindication,  justifies 
tion. 

Convince.  Persuade,  satisfy,  en- 
lighten, indoctrinate,  inoculate. 

ANT.  Mislead,  mystify,  per- 
plex, puzzle,  unsettle,  upset; 
turn,  convert. 

Convivial.  Social,  festive,  hoa- 
pitable,  jovial,  jolly,  compan- 
ionable, gay. 

AXT.  Inhospitable,  unsocial, 
unneighborly,  churlish;  abste- 
mious, ascetic,  austere. 
Convocation.  Convention,  con- 
gress, assemblage,  council, 
synod. 

ANT.    Dispersion,  disruption, 
dismission,  dismissal. 
Convolution.      Coil,    involution, 
spiral,  twist,  contortion. 

ANT.      Unfolding,   evolution, 
unraveling,  explication. 
Convoy.     Escort,  guard,  attend- 
ance, protection. 

ANT.     Capture,  betrayal,  on~ 
set,  onslaught,  hold-up. 
Convulse.      Disturb,  shake,  agi- 
tate. 

ANT.  Calm,  compose,  soothe, 
assuage. 

Cool.  Somewhat  cold,  chilling, 
frigid,  freezing;  unimpassioned, 
composed,  collected,  unruffled, 
self-possessed,  sedate,  placid, 
quiet;  indifferent,  unconcerned, 
apathetic. 

ANT.  Hot,  uxirm,  burning, 
heated,  excitable,  ardent,  eager. 


coo] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[cor 


Cooperate.  Assist,  abet,  help, 
conspire,  concur,  colabor. 

ANT.  Oppose,  thicart,  rival, 
counteract,  conflict,  hinder,  de- 
feat, frustrate. 

Coordinate.  Equal,  equivalent, 
proportionate,  commensurate, 
tantamount,  equipollent. 

ANT.  Subordinate;  dispar- 
ate, extraneous;  inferior,  supe- 
rior, 

Copy.  Portraiture,  facsimile,  du- 
plicate, imitation,  likeness,  im- 
age, transcript,  counterfeit. 

ANT.  Model,  original,  pat- 
tern, example,  prototype,  arche- 
type, exemplar. 

Cordial.  Earnest,  warm,  hearty, 
ardent,  affectionate,  sincere,  in- 
vigorating, refreshing,  pleasing, 
grateful. 

ANT.  Cool,  formal,  ceremoni- 
ous, distant,  reserved,  disin- 
clined. 

Corner.  Angle,  bend,  crotch, 
knee;  nook,  recess,  niche,  re- 
treat. 

ANT.  Abutment,  protrusion, 
prominence,  convexity,  projec- 
tion. 

Corollary.    Inference,  conclusion, 
deduction,  consequence. 
ANT.    Problem,  proposition. 

Corporal,  Corporeal.  Fleshly, 
bodily,  material,  physical. 

ANT.  Spiritual,  mental,  in- 
tellectual, moral,  ethereal,  im- 
material. 

Corps.  Body  of  troops,  division 
of  army,  squadron,  band,  com- 
pany. 

ANT.  Aggregate,  army,  host, 
mass,  force,  organization. 

Corpse.  Remains,  dead  body,  ca- 
daver, carcass,  dust. 

ANT.  Soul,  spirit,  individual, 
personality,  mentality. 

Corpulent.      Fat,  fleshy,  plump, 
obese,  portly,  round,  stout. 
ANT.      Lean,    thin,    attenu- 


ated, emaciated,  slight,  slender, 
frail. 

Correct.  True,  exact,  accurate, 
proper,  faultless,  right. 

ANT.  False,  untrue,  wrong, 
inexact,  inaccurate,  fallacious, 
defective. 

Corrective.  Regulative,  preven- 
tive, alterative,  preservative, 
rectifying,  modifying,  improv- 
ing, reformatory. 

ANT.  Confirmative,  stimula- 
tive, intensltive,  provocative, 
conducive. 

Correlation.  Interrelation,  cor- 
respondence, apposition,  inter- 
dependence, mutuality,  recipro- 
cation, interchange,  reciprocity. 
ANT.  Contradiction,  inde- 
pendence, opposition,  inconsis- 
tency, incongruity. 

Correspond.  Agree,  suit,  match, 
fit,  tally,  harmonize,  answer, 
correlate,  stand  counter;  com- 
municate, write. 

ANT.  Vary,  disagree,  clash, 
jar;  ignore,  disregard,  neglect. 

Correspondence.  Adaptation, 
agreement,  congruity;  writing, 
letter,  despatches,  communica- 
tion. 

ANT.  Conversation;  with- 
draioal,  non-intercourse;  incon- 
gruity, discord,  disagreement. 

Corroborate.     Strengthen,  estab- 
lish, sustain,  support,  confirm. 
ANT.      Weaken,    confute,   re- 
but, invalidate,  shake,  enfeeble, 
overthrow. 

Corrode.  Consume,  eat  away, 
waste,  impair,  rust,  canker, 
wear,  crumble. 

ANT.     Renew,  restore. 

Corrupt,  v.  Defile,  pollute,  in- 
fect, taint,  vitiate,  demoralize, 
contaminate,  debase,  spoil,  de- 
teriorate. 

ANT.  Cleanse,  purify,  better, 
correct,  ameliorate. 

Corruption.      Decay,  decomposi- 


[  66  ] 


«os] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[con 


tion,  pollution,  defilement,  in- 
fection, contamination,  adulter- 
ation; depravity,  immorality, 
laxity,  wickedness;  dishonesty, 
bribery. 

Cost.  Price,  worth,  expenditure, 
expense,  charge,  disbursement, 
outlay;  preciousness,  richness, 
splendor;  loss,  damage,  pain. 

Costume.  Dress,  livery,  robes, 
uniform. 

ANT.  Disguise,  incognito; 
nudity,  nakedness. 

Council.  Cabinet,  bureau,  cham- 
ber, conclave,  synod,  convoca- 
tion, meeting,  conference,  par- 
liament, consultation,  conven- 
tion. 

ANT.  Cabal,  league,  conspir- 
acy; multitude,  mob. 

Counsel.  Advice,  consultation, 
opinion,  suggestion,  recommen- 
dation, instruction,  caution,  ad- 
monition ;  deliberation,  fore- 
thought; plan,  design,  scheme; 
purpose;  lawyer,  barrister,  at- 
torney. 

Count.  Compute,  reckon,  add, 
tell,  estimate,  number,  enumer- 
ate, sum,  calculate. 

ANT.  Guess,  conjecture,  sur- 
mise, think,  fancy. 

Countenance,  v.  Approve,  sup- 
port, sanction,  help,  aid,  abet, 
encourage,  patronize,  befriend, 
assist,  favor. 

ANT.  Oppose,  confront,  dis- 
courage, browbeat,  face,  com- 
pare, disparage. 

Counter.  Contrary,  opposed,  op- 
posite, against. 

ANT.  Accordant  toith,  co- 
incident, consonant. 

Counteract.  Oppose,  foil,  baffle, 
thwart,  hinder,  rival,  resist,  de- 
feat, cross,  frustrate,  neutral- 
ize. 

ANT.  Aid,  cooperate,  sub- 
serve, promote,  advance,  assist. 

Counterfeit,  n.    Forgery,  fraudu- 


lent copy,  cheat,  artifice,  pre- 
tense, sham,   fabrication. 

ANT.  Exposure,  detection) 
verity,  fact,  truth,  reality. 

Countermand.  Abrogate,  annul, 
revoke,  rescind,  recall,  make 
void. 

ANT.  Order,  command,  bid, 
charge,  enjoin,  direct,  instruct. 

Counterpart.  Duplicate,  copy; 
correlative,  complement,  supple- 
ment, obverse;  match,  mate, 
tally,  twin. 

ANT.  Antithesis,  contradic- 
tion, contrast. 

Countervail.  Balance,  compen- 
sate, make  up,  counterbalance, 
offset. 

ANT.  Overthrow,  unbalance, 
weigh  dou>n. 

Countryman.  Rustic,  agricul- 
turist, farmer,  swain,  yeoman, 
laborer,  peasant,  husbandman; 
clown,  boor. 

ANT.  Citizen,  townsman; 
alien. 

Couple,  v.  Link,  unite,  connect, 
join,  clasp,  tie,  yoke,  buckle, 
pair,  splice,  button;  marry, 
wed. 

ANT.  Loose,  part,  separate, 
detach,  isolate,  unclasp;  di- 
vorce. 

Courage.  Bravery,  valor,  fear- 
lessness, spirit,  heroism,  forti- 
tude, hardihood,  boldness,  dar- 
ing, mettle,  pluck,  resolution, 
intrepidity. 

ANT.  Cowardice,  timidity, 
fear,  dread,  terror,  dismay,  con- 
sternation. 

Course.  Route,  way,  road,  track, 
race;  direction,  bearing,  prog- 
ress, process;  career;  succes- 
sion, order,  regularity;  deport- 
ment, conduct;  series,  system. 

ANT.  Deviation;  disorder, 
discursion ;  hindrance,  error. 

Court,  v.  Woo,  flatter,  seek,  in- 
vite, solicit. 


r  67  ] 


eou] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


ANT.  Avoid,  shun,  repudiate, 
repel,  antagonize. 

Courtesy.    Politeness,  affability, 
urbanity,  civility,  complaisance. 
ANT.      Rudeness,    incivility, 
churlishness,  ungraciousness. 

Courtly.  Polished,  elegant,  JXH. 
lite,  ceremonious,  formal,  re- 
spectful. 

ANT.  Undignified,  unrefined, 
coarse,  awkward,  boorish,  ple- 
beian. 

Covenant.  Agreement,  stipula- 
tion, bond,  compact,  contract, 
bargain,  arrangement,  concor- 
dant, pact,  treaty. 

ANT.  Promise,  understand- 
ing, assurance,  parole. 

Cover,  v.  Hide,  conceal,  over- 
spread, overlay,  secrete,  cloak, 
veil,  screen,  mask,  shroud,  dis- 
guise; invest,  clothe,  wrap; 
protect,  shelter,  shield,  guard, 
defend;  comprehend,  comprise, 
embrace;  balance,  compensate, 
countervail. 

ANT.  Expose,  reveal,  pro- 
duce, exhibit;  betray,  divulge; 
omit,  exclude. 

Covet.  Desire,  long  for,  wish 
for,  aim  after,  aspire  to. 

ANT.  Dislike,  despise;  un- 
dervalue, 

Covetous.  Eager,  avaricious, 
desirous,  greedy,  grasping,  ac- 
quisitive, rapacious. 

ANT.  Liberal,  unselfish,  gen- 
erous, bountiful. 

Coward.  Craven,  recreant,  das- 
tard. 

ANT.  Hero,  champion;  dare- 
devil, desperado. 

Coy.  Bashful,  shy,  modest,  re- 
served, retreating,  shrinking. 

ANT.  Bold,  forward,  imper- 
tinent, pert,  brazen,  flippant. 

Crack.  Split,  break,  chop,  rend, 
cleave,  snap ;  craze,  madden. 

ANT.  Mend,  unite,  repair; 
restore,  heal. 


Craft.  Skill,  ability,  power,  tal- 
ent, dexterity,  aptitude,  tact; 
artifice,  shrewdness,  guile,  de- 
ception, cunning,  deceit;  ai% 
trade,  employment,  vocation, 
calling;  vessel. 

ANT.  Inaptitude,  tactless- 
ness; fairness,  openness,  can- 
dor, sincerity,  frankness,  in- 
genuousness, straightforward' 
ness. 

Cramp.  Restrain,  hinder,  check, 
confine,  hamper,  clog,  fetter, 
cripple. 

ANT.  Free,  liberate,  loose, 
expand,  ease,  relieve,  extricate. 

Crash.  Jar,  uproar,  clash,  rend- 
ing, noise,  clang,  resonance. 

ANT.  Murmur,  whisper;  si- 
lence. 

Crassitude.  Crossness,  thick- 
ness, density,  corpulence,  obes- 
ity. 

ANT.  Tenuity,  agility,  oo 
tivity;  spareness,  slightness. 

Crave.  Intreat,  beg,  beseech,  im- 
plore, supplicate,  desire,  long 
for,  hunger  for,  yearn. 

ANT.  Demand,  insist,  re- 
quire. 

Crazy.  Shattered,  broken,  tot- 
tering; distracted,  mad,  luna- 
tic, insane,  delirious,  cracked, 
demented,  deranged. 

ANT.  Sound,  robust,  vigor- 
ous,  sane,  whole. 

Create.  Form,  produce,  make, 
originate,  cause,  occasion,  ap- 
point, constitute;  beget,  engen- 
der, generate;  imagine,  com- 
pose, fashion,  design. 

ANT.  Destroy,  demolish,  an- 
nihilate. 

Creature.  Created  being,  being, 
animal,  man,  person ;  depend- 
ent, vassal,  parasite;  wretch, 
miscreant. 

ANT.  Chimera,  ghost,  hallu- 
cination, fantasy,  phantom,  con- 
ceit, crotchet. 


68 


ere] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[cro 


Credence.      Belief,   trust,    faith, 
acceptance,  confidence,  reliance. 
ANT.     Denial,  distrust,  dis- 
belief, doubt,  skepticism. 

Credentials.  Diploma,  missive, 
title,  warrant,  vouchers,  certi- 
ficates, testimonials. 

Credible.  Probable,  possible,  re- 
liable, trustworthy,  likely. 

ANT.  Improbable,  unlikely, 
incredible,  unreliable,  untrust- 
worthy. 

Credit.  Trust,  belief,  faith,  con- 
fidence, credence,  reliance;  rep- 
utation, influence,  power;  es- 
teem, regard;  loan,  securities. 

ANT.  Insecurity;  distrust; 
shame,  disgrace,  censure. 

Credulity.  Gullibility,  credu- 
lousness,  simplicity. 

ANT.  Skepticism,  suspicious- 
ness,  incredulity,  shrewdness. 

Creed.  Belief,  catechism,  con- 
fession, articles  of  faith,  tenets, 
dogmas,  doctrines. 

ANT.  Protest,  abjuration, 
disbelief,  recantation,  retrac- 
tion. 

Crestfallen.  Downcast,  dispir- 
ited, dejected,  disheartened,  de- 
pressed, desponding,  low-spir- 
ited, down-hearted. 

ANT.  Exuberant,  elated,  con- 
fident, inspirited. 

Crew.  Gang,  set,  band,  horde, 
crowd,  mob,  throng. 

ANT.  Supercargo;  bevy,  ga- 
laxy, cream,  elite. 

Crime.  Offense,  misdeed,  wrong, 
felony,  sin,  iniquity,  misde- 
meanor, enormity,  transgres- 
sion, wickedness,  delinquency. 
ANT.  Good  deed,  well-doing, 
exploit,  achievement,  duty,  ser- 
vice, Benefit,  benefaction,  hero- 
ism. 

Criminal,  a.  Immoral,  iniqui- 
tous, sinful,  unlawful,  wicked, 
wrong,  vile,  nefarious,  culpable, 
abominable,  illegal,  vicious. 


ANT.  Virtuous,  moral,  inno- 
cent, just,  honorable,  praise- 
worthy, lawful,  legal,  right, 
meritorious. 

Criminate.^  Charge,  accuse,  ar- 
raign, impeach. 

ANT.  Acquit,  absolve,  extri- 
cate. 

Cripple,  v.  Weaken,  disable,  im- 
pair, break  down,  cramp,  cur- 
tail. 

ANT.  Renovate,  strengthen, 
augment,  liberate,  ease,  expe- 
dite. 

Criterion.  Standard,  test,  rule, 
touchstone,  measure,  canon, 
proof. 

ANT.  Eye,  glance;  intention, 
conjecture. 

Critic.  Judge,  censor,  reviewer, 
connoisseur ;  caviller,  carper ; 
arbiter,  savant. 

ANT.  Artist,  author,  writer, 
performer,  maker,  poet,  com- 
poser. 

Critical.  Accurate,  nice,  exact; 
decisive,  crucial,  determining, 
important;  dangerous,  hazard- 
ous, imminent,  momentous,  du- 
bious, precarious. 

ANT.  Inexact,  loose,  und>is- 
criminating;  unimportant,  in- 
conclusive; safe,  sure,  settled, 
decided,  retrieved,  redressed. 
Criticism.  Censure,  stricture, 
animadversion,  review,  critique. 

ANT.  Approbation,  praise, 
approval. 

Criticize.  Examine,  estimate, 
judge,  discuss,  analyze,  anato- 
mize, scan,  animadvert. 

ANT.  Survey,  overlook,  slur, 
skim,  slight,  neglect. 
Crooked.  Bent,  curved,  bowed; 
distorted,  twisted,  wry,  askew, 
deformed,  disfigured;  perverse, 
contumacious,  capricious;  dis- 
honest, unfair,  unscrupulous, 
knavish,  deceitful,  tricky. 

ANT.     Straight,   linear,  wp~ 


[  69 


cro] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[cur 


right,  direct,  honest,  straight- 
forward. 

Cross.  Fretful,  petulant,  peev- 
ish, snappish,  touchy,  morose, 
ill-natured,  sullen,  snarling, 
cynical,  sour,  out  of  humor, 
captious,  crabbed,  sulky. 

ANT.  Amiable,  genial,  good- 
tempered,  good-natured,  blithe- 
some, charming,  winsome,  at- 
tractive, benign. 

Crowd.  Throng,  multitude,  con- 
course, press,  horde,  herd,  host, 
rabble,  mob,  populace. 

ANT.  Cream,  elite,  bevy,  con- 
stellation, galaxy;  solitude, 
solitariness. 

Crown,  n.  Diadem,  coronet,  gar- 
land, chaplet,  wreath,  laurel, 
bays;  reward,  honor,  distinc- 
tion, dignity;  summit,  crest, 
top,  head,  brow,  apex. 

ANT.  Base,  bottom,  floor, 
foot,  pedestal,  foundation,  sole; 
infamy,  shame. 

Crown,  v.  Complete,  consum- 
mate, conclude,  seal,  achieve, 
accomplish. 

ANT.  Mar,  spoil,  frustrate, 
fail. 

Crucial.  Severe,  trying,  search- 
ing, decisive,  critical,  momen- 
tous, strategic. 

ANT.  Superficial,  indifferent, 
mild,  lenient,  lax,  unimpor- 
tant. 

Crude.  Raw,  immature,  unripe; 
coarse,  unrefined;  undigested, 
unconsidered,  unpolished,  un- 
couth, awkward. 

ANT.  Mature;  refined,  sensi- 
tive; well-considered,  finished, 
classical,  highly  wrought,  elab- 
orate. 

Cruel.  Inhuman,  merciless,  un- 
feeling, dire,  ruthless,  pitiless, 
relentless,  savage,  brutal,  fero- 
cious, blood-thirsty,  sangui- 
nary; severe,  sharp,  bitter, 
hard. 


ANT.  Gentle,  mild,  merciful, 
Jiumane,  forbearing,  generous. 

Crush.  Pound,  crumble,  demol- 
ish, overpower,  squeeze,  com- 
press, bruise,  shatter,  raze,  pul- 
verize. 

ANT.  Consolidate,  compact, 
amalgamate,  solidify,  stabili- 
tate. 

Culmination.  Zenith,  success, 
consummation,  acme,  comple- 
tion, apex. 

ANT.  Failure,  downfall,  de~ 
feat,  descent,  decline. 

Culpable.  Blameworthy,  blam- 
able,  censurable,  reprehensible, 
faulty,  wrong. 

ANT.  Innocent,  blameless, 
laudable,  praiseworthy. 

Culprit.  Criminal,  delinquent, 
felon,  malefactor,  offender. 

ANT.  Hero,  example,  pat- 
tern, model,  saint,  upright  man. 

Cultivate.  Till;  fertilize;  im- 
prove, refine,  train,  discipline, 
develop;  study,  pursue,  inves- 
tigate; nourish,  foster,  cherish, 
promote. 

ANT.  Neglect,  blight,  blast; 
uproot,  eradicate,  extirpate; 
stifle,  abandon,  prevent,  dis- 
courage. 

Cunning.  Craft,  artifice,  deceit, 
intrigue,  subtlety,  chicane. 

ANT.  Candor,  guilelessness, 
sincerity. 

Cupidity.  Longing,  greed,  lust; 
covetousness,  avarice,  acquisi- 
tiveness, stinginess. 

ANT.  Prodigality,  liberality, 
generosity,  extravagance. 

Curb.  Restrain,  check,  control, 
repress,  bridle. 

ANT.  Indulge,  emancipate, 
loose,  release,  free,  liberate. 

Cure,  n.  Remedy,  antidote,  re- 
storative, corrective,  help,  spe- 
cific; healing,  restoration,  con- 
valescence, alleviation,  renova- 
tion. 


[  70  ] 


cur] 


[dar 


ANT.  Complaint,  contagion, 
disease,  ailment;  aggravation, 
confirmation;  inoculation. 
Curiosity.  Inquisitiveness,  won- 
der, marvel,  rarity,  celebrity; 
inquiry,  investigation,  scrutiny, 
research. 

ANT.  Indifference,  heedless- 
ness,  disregard,  abstraction; 
apathy. 

Curious.  Prying,  meddling,  in- 
quisitive, searching,  scrutiniz- 
ing; rare,  singular,  strange; 
elegant,  finished. 

ANT.      Indifferent,    uninter- 
ested; trite,  common,  usual. 
Current.    Common,  general,  prev- 
alent, present,  floating,  popular, 
ordinary,  vulgar. 

ANT.  Obsolete,  rejected,  ex- 
ploded; private,  secret;  con- 
fined. 

Curse,  n.  Execration,  maledic- 
tion, anathema,  denunciation; 
scourge,  plague,  torment,  afflic- 
tion, trouble ;  imprecation,  ban, 
oath. 

ANT.  Blessing,  benediction, 
joy,  crown;  prosperity,  welfare, 
luck,  success. 


Cursory.     Hasty,  superficial,  de- 
sultory, careless,  slight,  rapid. 
A  XT.      Elaborate,   searching, 
nte,  profound. 

Custody.  Care,  keeping,  protec- 
tion; confinement,  duress,  im- 
prisonment. 

ANT.  Neglect,  betrayal,  ex- 
posure, desertion;  liberation, 
discharge. 

Custom.  Usage,  habit,  fashion, 
practice,  rule;  form,  formality, 
observance;  patronage;  duty, 
tax. 

ANT.  Law,  regulation,  com- 
mand; disuse,  non-observance, 
desuetude. 

Cutting.  Sharp,  keen;  sarcas- 
tic, severe,  satirical,  wounding, 
piercing,  trenchant,  stinging, 
sardonic,  cruel. 

ANT.  Mild,  soothing,  flatter- 
ing, indulgent,  consoling,  grati- 
fying. 

Cynical.  Censorious,  churlish, 
carping,  cross,  peevish ;  deri- 
sive, contemptuous,  scornful, 
pessimistic,  misanthropic. 

ANT.  Genial,  lenient;  opti- 
mistic, philanthropic. 


Dainty.  Exquisite,  choice,  rare, 
refined ;  savory,  palatable,  de- 
licious, toothsome,  tasty,  epi- 
curean; fastidious,  luxurious. 

ANT.  Common,  dirty,  vul- 
gar, coarse,  defiled,  nasty,  foul, 
filthy . 

Damage.  Hurt,  injury,  detri- 
ment, loss,  mischief,  impair- 
ment. 

ANT.  Benefit,  compensation, 
advantage,  blessing,  reparation. 

Danger.  Peril,  risk,  hazard,  ven- 
ture, insecurity,  liability,  jeop- 
ardy. 


ANT.     Safety,  security,  pre- 
caution, defense. 

Daring.  Adventurous,  fearless, 
risky,  brave,  courageous,  daunt- 
less, intrepid,  valorous. 

ANT.    Cautious,  timid,  wary, 
fearful. 

Dark.  Black,  swarthy,  opaque, 
obscure,  shadowy,  lurid,  sun- 
less, murky,  cloudy,  overcast, 
ebon,  pitchy,  secret;  mysteri- 
ous, enigmatical,  unintelligible, 
occult,  abstruse;  gloomy,  dis- 
heartening, cheerless,  dismal ; 
ignorant,  rude,  untaught,  be- 


t  71  ] 


dar] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[deb 


flighted;  wicked,  foul,  horrible, 
damnable,  vile,  artocious,  infer- 
nal; joyless,  mournful,  sad,  sor- 
rowful. 

ANT.  White,  fair,  light,  ra- 
diant, bright,  clear,  buoyant, 
plain,  brilliant,  glaring,  crys- 
talline, transparent,  dazzling, 
luminous,  illumed;  happy,  joy- 
ful, festive. 

Darling.  Sweetheart,  love,  pet, 
favorite,  idol,  dear. 

Dash.  Strike,  hurl,  cast,  throw, 
drive,  send,  speed,  dart;  alloy, 
adulterate ;  suffuse,  overspread, 
color;  disappoint,  ruin,  frus- 
trate; surprise,  abash. 

ANT.  Raise,  erect,  reinstate  ; 
creep,  crawl;  fulfil,  realize,  ef- 
fect. 

Dastard.  Coward,  craven,  recre- 
ant. 

ANT.  Hero,  champion;  dare- 
devil. 

Data.  Facts,  basis,  grounds,  pos- 
tulates, premises,  given  condi- 
tions. 

ANT.  Conjectures,  assump- 
tions, inferences,  deductions. 

Date.  Time,  era,  epoch,  period, 
age. 

ANT.  Non-duration;  eternity. 

Daub.  Smear,  plaster,  sully,  be- 
grime, soil,  deface,  defile. 

ANT.  Embellish,  decorate; 
cleanse,  whiten. 

Daunt.     Terrify,  alarm,  intimi- 
date, appal,  frighten  off,  tame. 
ANT.    Rally,  inspirit,  encour- 
age. 

Dauntless.  Valiant,  fearless,  in- 
trepid, bold,  indomitable,  un- 
conquerable, valorous,  chival- 
rous, heroic,  brave,  daring. 

ANT.  Cowardly,  timid,  cau- 
tious, fearful,  afraid,  faint- 
hearted, shrinking. 

Dawn.      Appear,     begin,     open; 
break,  grow  light,  rise. 
AKT.    Wane,  set,  *tnfc,  close. 


Dazzle.  Daze,  blind;  astonish, 
surprise,  overpower,  bewilder, 
confuse. 

ANT.  Enlighten,  illumine,  il- 
luminate ;  make  clear,  instruct. 

Dead.  Lifeless,  breathless,  inan- 
imate; deceased,  defunct,  de- 
parted; dull,  cold,  frigid,  inert, 
indifferent ;  tasteless,  insipid, 
flat;  insensible,  heavy,  uncon- 
scious, spiritless,  still,  torpid. 

ANT.  Quick,  live,  living,  ani- 
mate, alive,  stirring,  vivacious. 

Deadly.  Mortal,  fatal,  destruc- 
tive, noxious,  murderous,  malig- 
nant, pernicious,  baneful,  ven- 
omous. 

ANT.  Vital,  wholesome,  life- 
giving. 

Deaf.  Hard  of  hearing;  dull,  in- 
sensible, heedless ;  inexorable, 
averse,  disinclined;  inaudible. 

ANT.  Acute,  listening,  atten- 
tive, willing,  susceptible. 

Deal.  Bargain,  chaffer,  trade, 
traffic,  do  business;  distribute, 
allot,  divide,  share,  mete  out. 

ANT.  Close,  stop,  fail;  col- 
lect, gather,  glean,  muster. 

Dear.  Costly,  high-priced,  expen- 
sive, precious;  beloved,  valued. 
ANT.     Cheap,  common,  inex- 
pensive; hated,  abhorred. 

Dearth.  Lack,  want,  scarcity, 
poverty. 

ANT.  Plenty,  abundance,  lux- 
ury. 

Death.     Decease,  dying,  dissolu- 
tion, departure,  exit,  expiration. 
ANT.    Life,  birth,  rise,  vital- 
ity, growth,  activity. 

Debar.  Exclude,  bar  out,  stop, 
prevent,  prohibit,  restrain,  hin- 
der. 

ANT.  Admit,  enclose,  em- 
brace; allow,  indulge,  permit, 
entitle. 

Debase.  Degrade,  deprave,  cor- 
rupt, alloy,  deteriorate,  lower, 
imcair. 


I  72  J| 


deb] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[dee 


ANT.  Raise,  enhance,  exalt, 
honor,  purify,  improve,  amelio- 
rate. 

Debate,  n.  Discussion,  dispute, 
controversy,  contention,  alter- 
cation, contest. 

ANT.    Compliance,  surrender, 
withdrawal  of  opposition. 
Debatable.      Dubious,   doubtful, 
uncertain,    disputable,    proble- 
matical. 

ANT.     Sure,   certain,   incon- 
testable, self-evident. 
Debauch.     Seduce,  corrupt,  viti- 
ate, defile. 

ANT.    Purify,  elevate. 
Debility.      Infirmity,    weakness, 
languor,  exhaustion,  feebleness. 

ANT.     Vigor,  strength,  nerve, 
energy,  tone,  vitality. 
Debt.     Liability,  obligation,  de- 
fault, claim,  score. 

ANT.    Liquidation,  assets,  ac- 
commodation, credit. 
Debtor.     Borrower,  mortgagor. 

ANT.  Creditor,  lender,  mort- 
gagee. 

Decay,  v.  Corrupt,  putrefy,  de- 
compose, rot,  spoil,  molder, 
wither,  perish. 

ANT.   Flourish,  luxuriate,  ex- 
pand, vegetate,  grow,  increase. 
Deceit.     Fraud,  deception,  cheat- 
ing, artifice,  imposition,  guile. 

ANT.  Honesty,  openness,  fair 
dealing,  frankness,  truth,  ver- 
ity. 

Deceive.  Cheat,  dupe,  delude,  be- 
guile, fool,  trick,  impose  upon, 
disappoint,  mislead,  circum- 
vent, entrap. 

ANT.  Enlighten,  guide,  dis- 
abuse, deliver. 

Deception.  Craft,  cunning,  ly- 
ing, fraud,  hypocrisy,  trickery, 
delusion,  duplicity,  deceitful- 
ness,  falsehood,  prevarication. 

ANT.  Candor,  honesty,  sin- 
cerity, truth,  veracity,  guile- 
le«smtss,  frankness,  simplicity. 


Decide.  Determine,  settle,  con- 
clude, close,  terminate,  end,  re- 
solve. 

ANT.    Waver,  hesitate,  vacil- 
late, fluctuate,  be  irresolute. 
Decipher.      Reveal,  explain,  un- 
ravel, unfold. 

ANT.    Puzzle,  mystify. 
Decision.      Determination,    sen* 
tence,     conclusion,     judgment; 
firmness,  resolution. 

ANT.  Vacillation,  vaguene89t 
uncertainty. 

Decisive.      Conclusive,    positive, 
final,    definitive,    indisputable. 
ANT.      Vague,    hypothetical^ 
indeterminate,    dubious,    prob- 
lematical. 

Deck.      Adorn,  dress,  ornament. 
ANT.    Btrip,  despoil;  deform, 
deface. 

Declaim.  Recite,  speak,  debate, 
harangue. 

ANT.  Study,  compose,  elab- 
orate. 

Declamation.      Harangue,    effu- 
sion, debate,  oratory,  elocution. 
ANT.     Hesitation,  stammer' 
ing. 

Declaration.  Assertion,  affir- 
mation, avowal ;  publication, 
proclamation,  official  announce- 
ment. 

ANT.  Denial;  concealment; 
recantation,  disavowal,  retrao- 
tion. 

Declare.  Announce,  publish,  ad- 
vertise, reveal,  proclaim. 

ANT.  Suppress,  unthhold, 
conceal. 

Decline.  Fall,  decay,  decadence, 
degeneration ;  refusal,  rejeo- 
tion,  repudiation. 

ANT.    Rise,  advancement,  im- 
provement;  acceptance. 
Declivity.     Fall,  slope,  descent. 

ANT.    Ascent,  rise. 
Decoction.     Concoction,  mixture, 
mess. 

ANT.    Rawness,  crudity. 


[  73  ] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[def 


Decompose.  Analyze,  dissolve, 
resolve;  decay,  putrefy,  become 
corrupt. 

ANT.  Compound,  mix,  organ- 
ise, compose. 

Decorate.  Adorn,  embellish,  im- 
prove. 

ANT.  Spoil,  mar,  denude,  de- 
face. 

Decorum.  Dignity,  order,  pro- 
priety, seemliness. 

ANT.  Disorder,  disturbance, 
unseemliness. 

Decrease.  Lessen,  diminish,  sub- 
side, want,  dwindle,  curtail,  re- 
trench, reduce,  loAver. 

ANT.  Increase,  grow,  aug- 
ment, expand. 

Decree.    Decision,  determination, 
law,  edict,  mandate,  manifesto. 
ANT.      Suggestion,    request, 
hint. 

Decrepit.     Weak,  infirm,  totter- 
ing, aged. 
ANT.    Strong,  youthful. 

Decry.  Disparage,  detract,  de- 
preciate, denounce,  abase,  tra- 
duce. 

ANT.  Extol,  praise,  eulogize, 
laud. 

Dedicate.     Devote,  hallow,  sanc- 
tify,   consecrate;    address,    in- 
scribe; assign,  apply,  set  apart. 
ANT.    Desecrate,  misuse,  ali- 
enate. 

Deduce.  Infer,  draw,  derive,  con- 
clude. 

ANT.  Induce,  state,  conjec- 
ture, guess,  anticipate,  fore- 
see. 

Deed.  Performance,  act,  action, 
exploit;  reality,  fact,  truth; 
document,  instrument. 

ANT.  Omission,  failure,  in- 
validation, reversal,  recall;  un- 
doing. 

Deep.  Profound;  difficult,  mys- 
terious, hard,  intricate ;  pene- 
trating, sagacious,  astute,  in- 
telligent, discerning,  shrewd ; 


heartfelt,  intense,  thorough. 

ANT.  Shallow;  superficial, 
artless,  undcsigning;  indiffer- 
ent. 

Default.  Neglect,  failure,  omis- 
sion; want,  destitution,  lack; 
lapse,  forfeit,  delinquency,  ab- 
sence. 

ANT.  Satisfaction;  appear- 
ance, plea;  maintenance,  sup- 
ply; presence. 

Defeat.  Overthrow,  frustration, 
discomfiture. 

ANT.  Success,  triumph,  vic- 
tory. 

Defect.  Fault,  flaw,  imperfec- 
tion; omission,  want,  shortcom- 
ing. 

ANT.  Emendation,  perfec- 
tion; supply,  sufficiency. 

Defense.  Apology,  justification, 
vindication;  shelter,  shield, 
protection,  guard,  resistance, 
rampart,  fortress,  safeguard, 
bulwark. 

A>'T.  Surrender,  betrayal,  ex- 
posure, hazard;  challenge. 

Defer.  Delay,  postpone,  procras- 
tinate, adjourn,  put  off;  yield 
to,  respect. 

ANT.  Hasten,  hurry,  expe- 
dite, quicken,  overdrive;  slight, 
disregard. 

Deference.  Respect,  considera- 
tion, esteem,  veneration,  hom- 
age. 

ANT.  Disrespect,  contumely, 
impudence,  defiance,  disobedi- 
ence. 

Defile.  Contaminate,  spoil,  pol- 
lute, vitiate,  infect,  taint,  be- 
foul. 

ANT.  Purify,  cleanse,  disin- 
fect, uxish,  hallow,  sanctify. 

Definition.  Description,  exposi- 
tion, comment,  explanation,  in- 
terpretation, rendering,  trans- 
lation. 

ANT.    Misstatement. 

Deformity.    Ugliness,  malforma- 


[  74 


def] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[del 


tion,  distortion,  disfigurement, 
abnormity,  hideousness. 

ANT.  Grace,  beauty,  regu- 
larity, symmetry. 

Defrayment.  Payment,  settle- 
ment, liquidation,  discharge. 

ANT.  Failure,  insolvency,  re- 
pudiation, embezzlement,  non- 
payment. 

Defy.  Challenge,  dare,  provoke, 
scorn,  brave. 

ANT.  Dread,  cower,  shrink, 
shun. 

Degeneracy.  Degradation,  dete- 
rioration, growing  worse,  decay, 
decline ;  inferiority,  meanness. 

ANT.  Improvement,  advance- 
ment. 

Degree.  Grade,  rank,  step,  sta- 
tion, stage,  quality,  standing; 
measure,  interval,  space. 

ANT.  Mass,  magnitude,  size, 
numbers. 

Dejected.  Disheartened,  discour- 
aged, depressed,  downcast,  des- 
pondent, gloomy,  melancholy, 
low-spirited. 

ANT.  Cheerful,  elated,  gay, 
blithe,  inspirited,  joyous,  jovial, 
merry. 

Delay.    Postponement,  procrasti- 
nation ;  hindrance,  impediment. 
ANT.  Hurry,  despatch,  quick- 
ening, urgency ;  assistance,  fur- 
therance. 

Delegate,  n.  Substitute,  proxy, 
representative,  legate,  deputy. 

Delegate,  v.  Depute,  commis- 
sion, appoint,  empower,  consti- 
tute, ordain. 

ANT.  Relegate,  recall,  super- 
sede, remove. 

Deleterious.  Destructive,  nox- 
ious, deadly,  poisonous;  hurt- 
ful, harmful,  injurious,  perni- 
cious, unwholesome. 

ANT.  Wholesome,  healthy, 
beneficial,  sanitary,  salubrious, 
nutritious. 

Deliberate,  v.    Meditate,  ponder, 


debate,  confer,  consider,  reflect, 
consult,  weigh,  cogitate. 

ANT.  Shelve,  dismiss,  dis- 
card, put  aside;  hazard,  cluince, 
risk. 

Deliberate,  a.  Cautious,  care- 
ful, wary;  well-advised,  pur- 
posed, studied;  slow,  leisurely; 
intentional,  earnest,  unbiased. 
ANT.  Facetious,  playful;  ir- 
resolute, hesitant,  faltering,  va- 
cillating ;impulsive,rash,hasty  ; 
prejudiced. 

Delicacy.  Dainty,  morsel,  tid- 
bit, relish;  refinement,  luxury, 
nicety,  elegance;  frailty,  weak- 
ness ;  fastidiousness,  scrupu- 
lousness; purity,  sensibility. 

ANT.  "Necessaries,  commons, 
fare;  coarseness,  roughness, 
rudeness;  vigor,  strength;  gross- 
ness. 

Delicious.  Dainty,  savory,  de- 
lightful, luscious,  exquisite. 

ANT.  Nauseous,  repulsive, 
bitter,  loathsome,  unpalatable, 
acrid. 

Delight.  Joy,  gladness,  charm, 
rapture,  transport,  satisfaction, 
pleasure,  ecstasy,  happiness,  en- 
joyment, bliss. 

ANT.  Pain,  suffering,  sorrow, 
misery,  discomfort,  dejection, 
melancholy,  discontent,  trouble, 
distress,  depression. 

Delightful.  Agreeable,  congen- 
ial, grateful,  pleasant,  refresh- 
ing, welcome,  satisfying,  deli- 
cious, acceptable,  pleasurable. 

ANT.  Miserable,  depressing, 
disappointing,  horrible,  melan- 
choly, painful,  woful,  wretched, 
mournful,  saddening. 

Delineate.  Describe,  figure,  rep- 
resent, sketch,  draw,  portray, 
depict,  paint. 

ANT.  Caricature,  misrepre- 
sent, exaggerate. 

Delinquent.  Offender,  culprit, 
criminal,  miscreant,  malefactor. 


[  75  ] 


del] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[dep 


ANT.  Worthy,  model,  para- 
gon, pattern,  beau  ideal. 
Deliver.  Free,  liberate,  release; 
save,  rescue;  give,  hand  over, 
transfer;  yield,  grant,  resign, 
surrender;  pronounce,  declare, 
speak;  discharge,  deal. 

ANT.    Confine,  capture;  sup- 
press,   retain;    withdraio,    be- 
tray; appropriate. 
Deluge.     Inundation,  flood,  over- 
flow, rush,  cataclysm. 

ANT.  Drought,  dearth,  arid- 
ity; mist,  moisture;  subsidence, 
ebb,  abatement. 

Delusion.  Error,  fallacy,  illu- 
sion, hallucination,  trick,  snare, 
fraud,  deception,  imposture. 

ANT.    Fact,  certainty,  verity, 
actuality,  truth,  reality. 
Demand.     Require,  ask,  call  for, 
insist,  exact,  challenge. 

ANT.  Request,  petition,  sup- 
plicate; disclaim,  forego,  waive. 
Demarcation.  Outline,  sketch, 
limit,  boundary,  division,  en- 
closure, separation,  distinc- 
tion. 

ANT.  Openness,  space,  ex- 
panse, extent. 

Demean.  Behave,  comport,  act, 
conduct  one's  self. 

ANT.    Misbehave. 
Demerit.       Fault,     delinquency, 
misdeed,  failure. 

ANT.     Credit,  merit,  worth, 
excellence,  desert. 
Democratic.  Popular,  representa- 
tive, republican,  radical. 

ANT.  Imperial,  aristocratic, 
regal,  oligarchical,  autocratic, 
despotic,  tyrannical,  constitu- 
tional, conservative. 
Demolish.  Overthrow,  destroy, 
overturn,  raze,  ruin. 

ANT.  Restore,  repair;  build, 
construct,  make. 

Demonstration.  Exhibition,  ex- 
emplification ;  manifestation,  il- 
lustration ;  evidence,  proof,  cer- 


tainty, conclusion,  consequence, 
induction,  inference,  deduction. 
ANT.     Concealment,  secrecy; 
theory,  supposition. 
Demoralize.      Corrupt,  deprave, 
vitiate,  undermine,  subvert. 

ANT.  Stimulate,  impel,  pro- 
mote, incite,  reassure,  animate, 
uplift. 

Demure.  Sedate,  staid,  modest, 
prudish,  discreet. 

ANT.    Lively,  vivacious,  face- 
tious, wanton,  wild. 
Denial.     Refusal;  contradiction, 
negation,  disavowal. 

ANT.      Affirmation,    avowal, 
admission,  concession. 
Denizen.      Citizen,    subject,    in- 
habitant, dweller,  sojourner. 

ANT.     Foreigner,  alien,  trav- 
eler, stranger,  transient. 
Denomination.     Name,  designa- 
tion,   description,    appellation, 
class,  sect,  school. 
ANT.    Misnomer. 
Denounce.     Brand,  defame,  stig- 
matize, decry ;  accuse ;  menace, 
threaten ;  proscribe,  vituperate. 
ANT.    Eulogize,  applaud,  up- 
hold, vindicate. 

Dense.  Thick,  slow,  compact, 
solid,  close,  thickset. 

ANT.  Sparse,  thin,  scattered; 
quick,  intelligent,  clever,  alert, 
ready. 

Denunciation.  Censure,  ar- 
raignment; threat,  menace;  ex- 
posure. 

ANT.      Vindication,   defense, 
apology,  plea,  excuse. 
Deny.    Refuse,  withhold ;  contra- 
dict, gainsay ;  renounce,  abjure, 
disown. 

ANT.     Affirm,  grant,  accept, 
concede;  indulge,  yield,  admit. 
Depart.     Leave,  go,  start,  sally, 
retire,    disappear,    vanish,    bid 
farewell;  die,  decease. 

ANT.  Arrive,  alight;  stay,  re* 
main,  cling. 


I  76 


dep] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[dM 


Department.     Division,  section, 

portion;   function,  office,  duty, 

station;  province,  branch,  line. 

ANT.      Organization,    whole, 

tody. 

Dependent.  Hanging,  resting, 
contingent,  conditioned,  relying, 
subject,  relative. 

ANT.  Independent,  free,  ab- 
solute, irrespective. 

Depict.      Portray,    draw,    paint, 
delineate. 
ANT.    Caricature,  parody. 

Deplorable.  Lamentable,  piti- 
able, sad,  mournful,  disastrous, 
calamitous,  grievous,  distress- 
ing, melancholy. 

ANT.  Acceptable,  felicitous, 
happy,  welcome,  glad,  joyous, 
beneficent,  pleasing. 

Deportment.     Conduct,  carriage, 
behavior,  demeanor,  character. 
ANT.     Misbehavior,   miscon- 
duct. 

Depose.  Dethrone,  debase,  de- 
grade, dismiss,  oust,  displace. 

ANT.  Enthrone,  install,  initi- 
ate, elevate,  exalt,  invest  with 
power. 

Deprecate.      Regret,  disapprove, 
lament;  intercede,  expostulate. 
ANT.    Rejoice  in,  approve;  in- 
voke, imprecate,  curse. 

Depreciate.  Disparage,  decry, 
undervalue,  detract,  underesti- 
mate. 

ANT.  Appreciate,  value,  es- 
teem. 

Depredation.  Robbery,  pillage, 
plunder,  spoliation,  theft,  inva- 
sion, trespass,  havoc,  encroach- 
ment. 

ANT.  Restitution,  compensa- 
tion, restoration,  amends,  repa- 
ration. 

Depression.  Lowering,  degrada- 
tion, abasement,  perversion,  de- 
preciation, dejection,  discour- 
agement; hollow,  valley,  de- 
cline. 


ANT.  Elevation,  raising,  eto- 
altation,  promotion,  ameliora- 
tion, preferment,  prominenoet 
eminence. 

Deprive.  Bereave,  rob,  divest, 
strip,  despoil,  dispossess,  de- 
pose; prevent,  hinder. 

ANT.  EKdow,  enrich,  invest, 
compensate,  present,  indem- 
nify. 

Deputy.  Lieutenant,  agent,  rep- 
resentative, envoy,  legate,  sub- 
stitute, vicegerent,  proxy,  dele- 
gate. 

ANT.  Master,  principal,  gov- 
ernor, chief,  sovereign,  ruler. 
Derangement.  Disorder,  confu- 
sion, disarrangement;  disturb- 
ance, discomposure;  madness, 
lunacy,  insanity,  mania,  delir- 
ium, alienation,  aberration. 

ANT.  Order,  arrangement, 
regulation;  calmness;  sanity, 
poise,  rationality. 
Derision.  Scorn,  contempt,  ridi- 
cule, mockery,  contumely,  scoff- 
ing. 

ANT.  Admiration,  respect, 
reverence,  regard,  esteem,  ven- 
eration. 

Derivation.  Source,  origin,  gen- 
esis, fountain,  descent,  root, 
etymology. 

ANT.    Result,  issue,  termina- 
tion, effect,  application,  use. 
Derogate.      Detract,    depreciate, 
disparage,   compromise,   lessen. 

ANT.     Esteem,   value,   over~ 
estimate,  enhance,  extol. 
Descendant.      Offspring,  poster- 
ity, progeny,  stock,  family,  lin- 
eage, scion,  branch,  issue. 

ANT.  Ancestry,  progenitor, 
origin,  root,  source,  founder, 
parent. 

Describe.  Trace,  draw,  portray, 
mark  out,  represent,  depict,  re- 
count, narrate,  illustrate,  de- 
fine, explain,  characterize. 

ANT,     Caricature,  misrepre* 


[  77  ] 


des] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[des 


sent,  distort;  mystify,  perplex, 
confuse. 

Descry.     Perceive,  discern,  recog- 
nize, discover,  espy,  see,  behold, 
detect,  find  out. 
ANT.    Overlook,  miss,  neglect. 

Desecrate.  Profane,  pollute,  per- 
vert, abuse,  secularize,  prosti- 
tute. 

ANT.  Hallow,  sanctify,  re- 
spect, esteem,  dedicate,  devote. 

Desert.  Solitude,  wild,  wilder- 
ness, waste. 

ANT.  Oasis,  pasture,  meadow. 

Deserter.  Renegade,  turncoat,  re- 
. canter,  backslider,  abjurer,  trai- 
tor, apostate. 

ANT.  Adherent,  devotee,  sup- 
porter, bigot,  disciple,  ally. 

Deserve.  Merit,  earn,  win,  be 
entitled  to. 

ANT.  Forfeit,  lose,  miss,  fail 
of. 

Desideratum.      Very     desirable 
thing,  requisite,  want,  essential. 
ANT.      Superfluity,    surplus, 
perquisite. 

Design,  n.  Intention,  purpose, 
aim,  end,  scheme,  proposal,  pro- 
ject, object,  plan,  device,  pur- 
port, meaning,  drift,  scope, 
mark;  delineation,  sketch,  arti- 
fice, drawing,  draft;  invention, 
contrivance ;  cunning,  guile. 

ANT.  Execution,  perform- 
ance, structure,  construction,  is- 
sue, result;  candor,  openness, 
sincerity;  chance,  accident. 

Design,  v.  Intend,  plan,  prepare, 
project,  contrive,  scheme,  pur- 
pose, mean,  propose;  draw,  de- 
lineate, sketch ;  contemplate, 
outline,  plot. 

ANT.  Risk,  guess,  conjecture, 
chance;  misconceive,  misinter- 
pret, misrepresent. 

Designate.  Specify,  particular- 
ize; describe,  define,  denomi- 
nate, name,  call,  style,  christen, 
•dub ;  appoint,  allot. 


ANT.  Misname,  miscall;  gen- 
eralize; misrepresent. 

Desirable.  Eligible,  expedient, 
advantageous,  beneficial,  advis- 
able, valuable,  profitable,  envi- 
able, proper,  judicious. 

ANT.  Inexpedient,  disadvan- 
tageous, harmful,  inadvisable, 
evil. 

Desire.  Appetite,  inclination, 
longing,  proclivity,  craving,  im- 
pulse, hankering,  coveting,  pro- 
pensity, wish;  aspiration,  wilL 
ANT.  Loathing,  disgust,  aver- 
sion, hate,  repugnance,  horror. 

Desolate,  a.  Bereaved,  comfort- 
less, forlorn,  cheerless,  lonely, 
solitary;  uninhabited,  forsaken, 
unfrequented,  waste,  dreary, 
wild. 

ANT.  Peopled,  colonized,  de- 
veloped, cultivated;  populous, 
crowded,  frequented. 

Despair.  Desperation,  discour- 
agement, hopelessness,  despon- 
dency. 

ANT.  Courage,  hope,  expecta- 
tion, anticipation,  assurance, 
confidence,  elation,  cheer,  trust, 
hopefulness,  encouragement. 

Despatch,  v.  Expedite,  speed,  ac- 
celerate, quicken,  hasten;  kill, 
slay. 

ANT.  Delay,  retard,  impede, 
obstruct;  preserve,  save,  spare. 

Desperate.  Wild,  reckless,  des- 
pondent, hopeless,  wretched, 
forlorn,  lost;  heroic,  extreme, 
defiant;  precipitate,  headlong, 
frantic. 

ANT.  Cautious,  timid,  shy; 
hopeful,  promising,  propitious. 

Despise.  Contemn,  scorn,  slight, 
disdain,  spurn. 

ANT.  Respect,  esteem,  ven- 
erate, regard,  revere. 

Despoil.     Strip,  denude,  ravage; 
rob,  plunder,  pillage,  devastate. 
ANT.  Adorn,  enrich,  rehabili- 
tate. 


[  78  ] 


des] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[dev 


Despotic.     Tyrannical,    absolute, 
imperious,  autocratic,  arrogant. 
ANT.     Conciliatory,  humane, 
merciful;  constitutional,  demo- 
cratic, representative. 

Destination.      Aim,  end,  object, 
purpose,  design;   goal,  harbor. 
ANT.    Action,  movement;  ini- 
tiation, project,  effort. 

Destiny.  Fate,  lot,  doom,  star, 
fortune,  necessity,  end,  predes- 
tination. 

ANT.  Choice,  will,  freedom, 
volition,  free  will. 

Destructive.  Ruinous,  injurious, 
pernicious,  deleterious,  bane- 
ful, detrimental,  hurtful,  nox- 
ious. 

ANT.  Constructive,  restora- 
tive, beneficial,  wholesome,  pre- 
servative. 

Desuetude.  Disuse,  non-observ- 
ance, obsolescence. 

ANT.  Use,  custom,  practice, 
exercise,  operation. 

Desultory.  Rambling,  irregu- 
lar, capricious,  wandering,  rov- 
ing, discursive,  cursory,  erratic, 
spasmodic,  unsystematic. 

ANT.  Methodical,  continuous, 
periodical,  diligent,  exact,  un- 
tiring, persevering,  earnest,  se- 
rious, settled,  consecutive. 

Detail.  Account,  narrative,  re- 
cital; detachment;  individual, 
particular,  item,  specialty,  ele- 
ment, point,  component. 

ANT.  Totality,  whole,  gener- 
ality, aggregation,  mass,  bulk. 

Detention.  Hindrance,  retain- 
ing, restraint,  stopping. 

ANT.  Relinquishment,  aban- 
donment, letting  go,  release,  lib- 
eration. 

Deter.  Hinder,  discourage,  pre- 
vent, restrain,  withhold,  terrify, 
scare,  dishearten,  dissuade. 

ANT.  Incite,  provoke,  allure, 
tem.pt,  seduce,  prompt,  per- 
suade. 


Deteriorate.  Impair,  degrade,, 
debase;  decline,  degenerate. 

ANT.  Ameliorate,  promote, 
advance,  rectify. 

Determine.  Settle,  adjust,  de- 
cide; ascertain,  verify;  influ- 
ence, lead,  incl  ine ;  resolve. 

ANT.  Vacillate,  waver,  un- 
settle, doubt. 

Detest.  Abominate,  abhor,  exe- 
crate, loathe,  shrink  from. 

ANT.     Like,  approve,  appre- 
ciate, praise,  love. 
Dethrone.       Depose,      uncrown, 
drive   out   of   power,   cause   to 
abdicate. 

ANT.  Crown,  enthrone,  ex- 
alt. 

Detract.  Depreciate,  disparage, 
lessen,  derogate,  calumniate, 
slander,  defame,  decry,  vilify. 

ANT.  Enhance,  augment,  in- 
crease, flatter,  compliment. 
Detriment.  Loss,  damage,  in- 
jury, harm,  evil,  prejudice,  dis- 
advantage, impairment,  incon- 
venience. 

ANT.  Enhancement,  rem- 
edy, augmentation,  improve- 
ment, repair,  reinstatement. 
Develop.  Evolve,  unfold,  educe, 
disclose,  unravel,  exhibit,  ex- 
pand, enlarge;  open,  grow,  ma- 
ture. 

ANT.  Envelop,  wrap,  con- 
ceal, contract,  compress ;  stuntT 
duvtrf,  hinder,  prevent. 
Deviate.  Digress,  wander,  de- 
flect, veer,  diverge;  depart,  err, 
stray,  swerve ;  differ,  vary. 

ANT.  Cohere,  coincide;  ac- 
company, continue,  remain;  ad- 
vance; converge;  agree,  assimi- 
late. 

Device.  Contrivance,  invention, 
design,  project,  plan,  scheme, 
expedient,  resource;  wile,  arti- 
fice, stratagem,  evasion,  fraud; 
emblem,  symbol,  type. 

ANT.    Fortune,  luck,  hazard? 


t  79  ] 


dev] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[die 


hit;  openness,  frankness,   can- 
dor. 

Devious.  Erratic,  wandering, 
deviating,  crooked,  circuitous, 
misleading,  treacherous,  round- 
about. 

ANT.    Direct,  plain,  straight- 
forward, frequented. 
Devise.      Plan,  design,  contrive, 
imagine,   scheme,   project,  con- 
coct; bequeath,  leave. 

ANT.  Mismanage,  miscon- 
trive;  inherit. 

Devoid.  Void,  wanting,  empty, 
destitute,  vacant,  unprovided 
for. 

ANT.  Full,  supplied,  pro- 
vided, replete,  furnished,  abun- 
dant, plentiful,  sufficient. 
Devolve.  Transfer,  consign,  con- 
vey, demise,  devise,  deliver; 
impose,  place,  attach,  commis- 
sion, charge,  depute;  fall,  pass, 
be  transferred. 

ANT.  Deprive,  vnthhold,  re- 
call, cancel,  alienate,  skip,  pass, 
miss. 

Devotion.  Dedication,  consecra- 
tion, piety,  religion,  sanctity, 
holiness,  worship,  adoration; 
attachment,  affection,  love;  ar- 
dor, earnestness,  zeal,  eager- 
ness, self-sacrifice. 

ANT.  Impiety,  profanity, 
sacrilege,  irreverence;  aversion, 
alienation,  antipathy,  indiffer- 
ence, apathy. 

Devour.  Consume,  gorge,  eat 
ravenously,  swallow ;  destroy, 
annihilate,  waste,  swallow  up, 
expend. 

ANT.  Disgorge,  vomit;  save, 
conserve. 

Dexterity.  Aptitude,  skill,  ex- 
pertness,  readiness,  adroitness. 

ANT.  Ineptitude,  inability, 
weakness,  awkwardness,  clum- 
siness. 

Diadem.  Crown,  chaplet,  fillet, 
wreath,  tiara,  circlet. 


Diagnosis.  Investigation,  de- 
termination, analysis. 

ANT.     Misjudgment,  error. 

Diagnostic.  Symptom,  feature, 
sign,  cue,  indication,  mark,  in- 
dex. 

ANT.  Development,  consum- 
mation, crisis,  head,  formation. 

Dialect.  Language,  phraseology, 
tongue,  speech,  provincialism, 
idiom,  accent. 

Dialogue.  Conversation  between 
two  people,  colloquy,  discourse, 
tete-a-tete. 

ANT.  Monologue,  soliloquy, 
apostrophe,  oration. 

Dictate.  Direct,  ordain,  com- 
mand, prescribe,  order,  bid,  re- 
quire, decree;  utter;  prompt, 
suggest,  enjoin,  instruct. 

ANT.  Follow,  repeat,  obey, 
answer;  accept. 

Dictation.  Injunction,  precept, 
command,  rule,  maxim,  direc- 
tion, utterance. 

ANT.  Consultation,  confer- 
ence, council;  advice,  recom- 
mendation. 

Dictatorial.  Imperious,  imper»« 
tive,  domineering,  arbitrary, 
absolute,  unlimited,  authori- 
tative, unrestricted,  overbear- 
ing. 

ANT.  Condescending,  suppli- 
catory, affable,  suppliant,  un- 
assuming, persuasive. 

Diction.  Expression,  language, 
phrase,  phraseology,  style,  ver- 
biage, vocabulary,  wording. 

ANT.  Provincialism,  barba- 
rism, solecifim. 

Dictionary.  Lexicon,  word-book, 
glossary,  vocabulary. 

Didactic.       Instructive,    percep- 
tive, moral,  directive,  educative. 
ANT.      Unsound,  misleading, 
erroneous,  uninstructive,  perni- 
cious. 

Die.  Expire,  decease,  depart; 
wither,  perish,  decay,  decline, 


[  80 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTON  i  MS 


[dim 


fade;  cease,  vanish,  disappear; 
sink,  faint,  fall;  subside. 

ANT.  Live,  recover,  be  born; 
survive,  exist;  originate,  de- 
velop, grow,  strengthen,  flour- 
ish, luxuriate,  vegetate. 

Diet.  Food,  victuals,  nourish- 
ment, aliment,  nutriment,  pro- 
vision, viands,  rations,  fare, 
subsistence ;  assembly,  parlia- 
ment, congress. 

ANT.  Starvation,  fasting, 
abstinence,  fast;  gluttony,  om- 
nivorousness. 

Difference.  Contrast,  diversity, 
variation,  variety,  discrepancy, 
disagreement,  disparity,  dis- 
tinction, divergence,  unlikenesa. 
ANT.  Agreement,  uniform- 
ity, unity,  consonance,  identity, 
likeness,  resemblance,  harmony, 
sameness,  similarity. 

Differentiate.  Discriminate,  in- 
dividualize, distinguish,  par- 
ticularize, specify,  segregate, 
identify. 

ANT.  Generalize,  classify, 
confuse,  amalgamate. 

Difficult.  Arduous,  exhausting, 
severe,  onerous,  trying,  toil- 
some, hard,  laborious;  intri- 
cate, involved,  obscure,  enig- 
matical; unmanageable,  re- 
served, opposed,  unamenable. 

ANT.  Easy,  facile,  trifling, 
slight,  trivial,  pleasant,  light; 
simple,  plain,  clear,  manifest ; 
approachable,  amcn-nble,  pliant. 

Diffident.  Modest,  doubtful,  re- 
luctant, hesitating;  bashful, 
timid,  shy,  self-distrustful. 

ANT.  Bold,  aggressive,  for- 
irord,  arrogant,  self-conceited. 

Diffuse,  a.  Prolix,  loose,  copi- 
ous, rambling,  verbose,  long- 
winded,  diluted. 

ANT.  Epigrammatic,  laconic, 
terse,  condensed. 

Digest.  Methodize,  systematize, 
arrange,  classify,  cod'ify ;  study, 


ponder,  consider,  contemplate, 
meditate,  con;  master,  assimi- 
late. 

ANT.  Confound,  complicate, 
disorder,  derange,  disturb;  re- 
ject, refuse. 

Dignified.  Stately,  noble,  grand, 
majestic,  self-respecting,  impos- 
ing, decorous,  august,  lofty,  ex- 
alted, pompous. 

ANT.  Stunted,  low,  mean,  un- 
imposing,  depressed,  ordinary, 
self-accusing. 

Dignify.  Advance,  promote,  ex- 
alt, ennoble,  prefer;  grace, 
honor,  adorn;  elevate,  aggran- 
dize. 

ANT.  Humiliate,  debase,  de- 
grade. 

Digress.  Deviate,  ramble,  wan- 
der; differ. 

ANT.  Proceed,  advance;  har- 
monize, agree. 

Dilapidation.  Ruin,  decay,  dis- 
integration, downfall,  demoli- 
tion. 

ANT.     Construction,  repara- 
tion; soundness,  solidity;  fab- 
rication, building. 
Dilate.      Stretch   wide,    expand, 
enlarge,  widen,  distend. 

ANT.  Compress,  compact,  re- 
strict, narrow,  condense,  con- 
centrate. 

Dilatory.  Slow,  loitering,  tardy, 
procrastinating,  dawdling,  lag- 
ging, lingering,  sluggish. 

ANT.  Prompt,  vigilant,  alert, 
eager,  earnest. 

Diligence.  Industry,  assiduity, 
activity,  perseverance,  applica- 
tion, attention,  care,  heed. 

ANT.  Neglect,  carelessness, 
idleness,  inertness,  inattention, 
desultoriness. 

Dim.  Obscure,  dark,  covered, 
hidden,  dusky,  indistinct,  un- 
certain. 

ANT.  Bright,  clear,  mani- 
fest, light. 


[  81   ] 


dim] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[dis 


Dimension.  Measurement,  bulk, 
mass,  extent ;  ( pi. )  size,  ca- 
pacity, amplitude,  massiveness, 
greatness. 

ANT.  Segment,  section,  por- 
tion, part. 

Diminish.  Lessen,  reduce,  de- 
crease, abate,  subside,  shorten, 
dwarf,  retrench. 

ANT.  Augment,  amplify,  in- 
crease, magnify,  expand. 

Din.  Racket,  clamor,  noise,  up- 
roar. 

ANT.  Crash,  explosion;  si- 
lence. 

Dingy.  Dirty,  dull,  soiled,  tar- 
nished, dim,  obscure,  somber. 

ANT.  Bright,  burnished,  ra- 
diant, glittering,  gleaming,  lu- 
minous. 

Dip.  Immerse,  plunge,  inunda.te, 
soak,  steep,  drown,  submerge. 

ANT.  Dry,  drain,  parch;  air, 
ventilate,  evaporate,  vaporize. 

Diplomacy.  Negotiation,  indi- 
rection, tact,  artful  manage- 
ment, contrivance,  circumven- 
tion; embassage,  ministry,  am- 
bassadorship. 

ANT.  Dismissal,  conge,  re- 
call; candor,  naivete,  ingenu- 
ousness; mismanagement,  mal- 
administration; self-defeat. 

Diplomatic.  Prudent,  wise,  tact- 
ful, astute,  politic,  sagacious, 
judicious,  discreet. 

ANT.  Blundering,  tactless, 
injudicious. 

Direct,  o.  Unswerving,  straight, 
rectilinear,  undeviating. 

ANT.  Meandering,  crooked, 
roundabout,  circuitous. 

Direction.  Course,  tendency, 
aim,  bearing;  oversight,  man- 
agement, control,  superinten- 
dence, conduct;  order,  com- 
mand; address,  superscription. 
ANT.  Deviation,  aberration; 
miscontrol. 

Directly.       Straightly,    immedi- 


ately, forthwith,  soon,  speed- 
ily, instantly,  promptly,  pres- 
ently, quickly,  straightway,  at 
once. 

ANT.  Secondarily,  by-and- 
by;  remotely,  obliquely,  cir- 
cuitously. 

Dirge.  Requiem,  elegy,  lament, 
wake,  threnody,  coronach. 

ANT.  Anthem,  Te  Deum,  Ju- 
bilate, pcean,  jubilee,  halleluiah. 

Dirt.  Filth,  uncleanness,  dung, 
foulness,  meanness,  filthiness, 
defilement. 

ANT.  Cleanness,  purity,  ab- 
lution; innocence,  spotlessness. 

Dis-.  The  prefix  dis-  has  usually 
a  negative,  sometimes  an  inten- 
sive, force.  Therefore,  for  words 
beginning  with  it  look  under 
the  antonyms  of  the  root  words. 
When  its  force  is  intensive, 
however,  they  will  be  found  un- 
der the  synonyms  of  the  root 
words.  Only  a  few  of  derived 
significance  are  here  given. 

Disability.  Unfitness,  inability, 
incompetence,  incapacity,  dis- 
qualification. 

ANT.  Merit,  fitness,  recom- 
mendation, qualification,  capa- 
bility. 

Disabuse.  Undeceive,  set  right, 
correct,  enlighten,  inform,  rec- 
tify. 

ANT.  Deceive,  delude,  hood- 
wink. 

Disappoint.  Frustrate,  foil,  de- 
feat, baffle,  disconcert,  mortify, 
vex,  betray,  tantalize. 

ANT.  Fulfil,  realize,  satisfy, 
gratify,  encourage,  verify,  sup- 
port. 

Disaster.      Misfortune,    mishap, 
reverse,  calamity,   catastrophe. 
ANT.     Blessing,  benefit,  good 
fortune,  profit,  gain,  boon. 

Disburse.  Spend,  expend,  con- 
sume, waste,  use,  lay  out, 
pay. 


[  82  ] 


dis] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[dis 


ANT.  Save,  economize,  hoard, 
husband. 

Discern.     Observe,  discriminate, 
distinguish,   perceive,   see,  des- 
cry,  behold,  espy,  discover,  pen- 
etrate, differentiate. 
ANT.    Overlook,  neglect,  miss. 

Discernible.  Discoverable,  per- 
ceptible, visible,  apparent,  con- 
spicuous, palpable,  plain,  mani- 
fest, evident. 

ANT.  Obscure,  minute,  in- 
visible, microscopic,  impalpable. 

Discernment.  Sagacity,  per- 
ception, discrimination,  bright- 
ness, astuteness,  insight,  intel- 
ligence, perspicacity,  penetra- 
tion, acuteness,  judgment,  in- 
genuity. 

ANT.  Blindness,  inattention, 
dulness,  density. 

Discharge,  v.  Unburden,  un- 
load; expel,  eject;  shoot,  fire; 
release,  exonerate,  acquit,  lib- 
erate, free ;  dismiss,  discard, 
cashier;  remove,  destroy;  per- 
form, execute,  observe. 

ANT.  Confine,  charge,  load, 
burden,  contain;  detain,  check, 
delay,  stop;  preserve;  ignore. 

Disciple.  Follower,  student,  be- 
liever, pupil,  learner,  scholar, 
supporter,  adherent,  votary. 

ANT.  Master,  teacher,  pro- 
fessor, leader,  rabbi. 

Discipline.  Training,  teaching, 
drill,  exercise;  control,  regula- 
tion, subjection,  government; 
punishment,  correction,  coer- 
cion, chastisement. 

ANT.  Laxity,  latitude,  negli- 
gence; reward,  encouragement; 
disorganization,  mutiny,  rebel- 
lion, confusion,  disorder. 

Discomfit.  Defeat,  overpower, 
conquer;  foil,  disconcert. 

ANT.  Encourage,  rally,  aid, 
assist. 

Disconcert.  Frustrate,  balk,  de- 
feat, thwart,  baffle ;  discompose, 


embarrass,  disturb,  upset,  per- 
plex, abash,  confuse,  bewilder. 

ANT.  Assist,  countenance, 
encourage,  compose,  calm,  ap- 
pease, pacify,  tranquilize. 

Disconsolate.  Inconsolable,  sor- 
rowful, heant-broken,  comfort- 
less, melancholy,  desolate,  for- 
lorn, sad. 

ANT.  Joyous,  cheerful,  glad, 
merry,  jovial,  happy,  blithe. 

Discordance.  Disagreement,  dis- 
cord, dissonance,  conflict,  oppo- 
sition. 

ANT.  Accordance,  harmony, 
concord. 

Discover.  Find,  detect,  discern, 
ferret  out,  invent,  expose,  as- 
certain, descry,  disclose,  betray, 
indicate,  manifest. 

ANT.  Hide,  conceal,  cover, 
secrete,  tury,  suppress,  with- 
hold. 

Discreet.  Discerning,  wise,  saga- 
cious, prudent,  cautious,  ju- 
dicious, considerate,  circum- 
spect. 

ANT.  Foolish,  heedless,  reck- 
less, silly,  imprudent,  undis- 
cerning,  unrestrained. 

Discrepancy.  Dissonance,  dis- 
cord, discordance,  difference, 
variation,  disagreement. 

ANT.  Agreement,  harmony, 
correspondence. 

Discrimination.  Acuteness,  pen- 
etration, sagacity,  discernment, 
shrewdness,  insight. 

ANT.  Dulness,  shortsighted- 
ness. 

Discursive.  Reasoning,  argu- 
mentative; roving,  wandering, 
rambling,  desultory,  inconse- 
quent. 

ANT.  Orderly,  coherent,  con- 
tinuous; condensed,  succinct, 
concise;  strategic, 

Discuss.  Debate,  argue,  reason, 
agitate,  deliberate  upon,  con- 
sider. 


[  83  ] 


dis] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[dis 


ANT.  Confound,  obscure;  as- 
sert, dogmatize. 

Disdain,  n.   Contempt,  scorn,  dis- 
regard, haughtiness,  arrogance. 
ANT.    Reverence,  respect,  es- 
teem,,   consider  ateness,    humil- 
ity. 

Disease.  Infirmity,  ailment,  dis- 
temper, complaint,  illness,  sick- 
ness, malady,  indisposition,  un- 
soundness,  affection. 

ANT.  Health,  strength,  ro- 
bustness, soundness,  sturdiness, 
vigor;  convalescence;  sanity, 
salubrity. 

Disgust,  n.  Distaste,  loathing, 
dislike,  repugnance,  aversion, 
abhorrence. 

ANT.  Partiality,  desire,  lik- 
ing, relish,  fondness. 

Dismal.  Dark,  gloomy,  cheer- 
less, dull,  dreary,  melancholy, 
lonesome,  somber,  sad,  doleful, 
funereal ;  horrible,  terrible, 
frightful. 

ANT.  Cheerful.,  bright,  in- 
viting, cordial,  gay,  propitious, 
promising. 

Dismay.      Affright,  terrify,   ap- 
pal, alarm,   intimidate,  daunt. 
ANT.    Rally,  inspirit,  assure, 
encourage,  hearten. 

Dismember.  Disintegrate,  mu- 
tilate, separate,  rend  asunder, 
sever. 

ANT.  Integrate,  incorpo- 
rate; constitute,  construct. 

Dismiss.  Banish,  discard,  dis- 
charge, remove. 

ANT.     Recall,  welcome. 

Disparage.  Depreciate,  decry, 
undervalue,  underrate ;  defame, 
reproach. 

ANT.  Appreciate,  overesti- 
mate, extol,  praise,  exaggerate. 

Dispel.  Drive  away,  disperse, 
dissipate,  banish,  scatter. 

ANT.  Collect,  summon,  ac- 
cumulate. 

Dispensation.      Apportionment, 


allotment,  distribution;  admin- 
istration ;  exemption ;  system, 
scheme,  plan,  regime. 

ANT.  Retention,  restriction, 
reservation,  injunction,  prohi- 
bition; enforcement. 
Disperse.  Dispel,  scatter,  sepa- 
rate; diffuse,  spread,  dissemi- 
nate. 

ANT.      Gather,   collect,    con- 
centrate; recall,  summon. 
Display.      Expand,    unfold,    ex- 
tend, uncover,  open,  spread;  ex- 
hibit, show,   parade. 

ANT.  Conceal,  hide,  wrap, 
dissemble,  suppress. 
Disposition.  Arrangement,  lo- 
cation, placing,  grouping;  man- 
agement, control,  regulation, 
direction;  tendency,  inclina- 
tion, propensity;  temper,  char- 
acter, nature,  humor;  willing- 
ness; distribution. 

ANT.  Confusion,  inversion, 
disorder;  mismanagement,  lax- 
ity; antipathy,  repulsion;  ob- 
stinacy; mood;  agglomeration, 
collection. 

Disputant.  Litigant,  debater, 
arguer,  controversialist,  com- 
petitor, claimant. 

ANT.  Advocate,  auxiliary, 
partner. 

Dispute,  v.  Quarrel,  wrangle; 
debate,  argue,  discuss,  agitate, 
ventilate;  impugn,  deny,  con- 
tradict, oppose,  contest. 

ANT.     Allow,  concede,  grant, 
forego,  relinquish. 
Disquisition.      Treatise,    disser- 
tation, discourse,  essay,  discus- 
sion. 

ANT.     Effusion,  tirade,  dia- 
tribe, rhodomontade. 
Dissect.     Anatomize,  scrutinize, 
analyze,    explore,    investigate, 
examine,  sift. 

ANT.  Integrate,  organize, 
compound,  grasp;  comprehend* 
discern,  diagnose. 


I  84  1 


dis] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[dla 


Dissemble.       Conceal,    disguise, 
cloak,   hide,  restrain,   smother. 
ANT.    Reveal,  confess,  mani- 
fest, expose,  vaunt,  profess. 

Dissent.  Differ,  disagree,  de- 
cline. 

ANT.    Assent,  consent,  agree. 

Dissertation.  Disquisition,  dis- 
cussion, treatise. 

Dissipate.  Scatter,  vanish,  dis- 
perse, disappear,  waste,  squan- 
der. 

AST.  Hoard,  save,  gather, 
conserve. 

Dissociate.     Separate,  sever,  dis- 
join, divide,  part,  sunder,  dis- 
connect. 
ANT.  Associate,  join,  affiliate. 

Dissolute.  Abandoned,  corrupt, 
loose,  profligate,  reprobate,  dis- 
sipated. 

ANT.  Upright,  honest,  con- 
scientious, self-controlled. 

Distance.  Remoteness,  space, 
interval;  absence,  separation; 
reserve,  coldness,  stiffness. 

ANT.  Proximity,  contiguity, 
nearness,  presence,  neighbor- 
hood, contact. 

Distend.  Dilate,  extend,  spread, 
stretch. 

ANT.  Contract,  narrow,  con- 
strict, condense. 

Distil.  Drop,  extract,  separate; 
percolate,  emanate,  drip. 

ANT.  Condense,  retain;  suck; 
hold. 

Distinct.  Separate,  definite,  dif- 
ferent, clear,  plain,  unmistak- 
able. 

ANT.  Blurred,  dim,  indefi- 
nite, confused,  conjoined,  ob- 
scure. 

Distinguish.  Discern,  perceive, 
tell,  discriminate;  differenti- 
ate; characterize,  mark;  sepa- 
rate, divide;  signalize,  make 
famous  or  celebrated. 

ANT.  Confound,  miss,  con- 
fuse. 


Distinguished.  Illustrious,  fa- 
mous, celebrated,  noted,  emi- 
nent, marked,  conspicuous,  su- 
preme, extraordinary,  consum- 
mate. 

ANT.  Obscure,  inconspicu- 
ous, hidden;  infamous,  notori- 
ous. 

Distortion.  Deformity,  twist, 
perversion,  falsification,  mis- 
representation, sophistry,  cor- 
ruption. 

ANT.  Regularity,  shapeli- 
ness, symmetry;  right,  truth, 
verification,  rectification. 

Distract.  Divert,  perplex,  con- 
fuse, disconcert,  bewilder,  con- 
found, derange,  craze. 

ANT.  Unite,  fix,  compose, 
concentrate,  collect. 

Distraction.  Confusion,  perplex- 
ity, abstraction,  disturbance, 
perturbation,  agitation ;  inat- 
tention; absence,  frenzy,  mad- 
ness ;  alienation,  aberration ; 
delirium,  mania,  derangement, 
lunacy. 

ANT.  Attention,  composure, 
self-possession,  tranquillity. 

Distress,  n.  Affliction,  calamity, 
adversity,  misery,  perplexity, 
misfortune;  agony,  suffering, 
anguish ;  privation,  destitution, 
poverty,  indigence. 

ANT.  Consolation,  relief,  as- 
suagement, alleviation;  boon, 
blessing,  pleasure. 

Distribute.       Dispense,    scatter, 
allot,  apportion,  grant,  appoint. 
ANT.      Restrict,    retain,    col- 
lect, gather,  hold,  reserve,  keep. 

District.  Region,  tract,  terri- 
tory, province,  circuit,  quarter. 

Disturb.  Agitate,  shake,  stir, 
disorder,  confuse,  derange;  mo- 
lest, annoy,  plague,  trouble, 
vex,  worry;  interrupt,  hinder. 

ANT.  Soothe,  quiet,  assist, 
compose,  pacify;  arrange,  or' 
der. 


div] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[dor 


Diversion.  Detour,  deviation, 
divergence;  recreation,  amuse- 
ment, enjoyment,  pastime. 

ANT.  Directness,  business, 
procedure,  continuity,  task,  la- 
bor. 

Diversify.     Vary,  change,  alter, 
modify;  variegate,  streak,  spot. 
ANT.    Settle,  fix,  stereotype, 
arrest. 

Diversity.  Difference,  dissimili- 
tude, variation,  unlikeness,  di- 
vergence, dissonance,  heteroge- 
neousness,  multiformity. 

ANT.  Identity,  similarity, 
uniformity,  consonance,  homo- 
geneousness,  coincidence. 

Divest.      Dismantle,    strip,    un- 
clothe, undress,  unrobe,  deprive. 
ANT.    Clothe,  invest,  shroud, 
indue,  encumber. 

Divide.  Sever,  part,  separate, 
disunite,  sunder;  alienate,  es- 
trange; distribute,  allot,  ap- 
portion, assign,  share,  dispense. 
ANT.  Unite,  commingle,  col- 
locate, congregate,  convene. 

Divination.  Magic,  foretelling, 
augury,  prophecy,  presage,  pre- 
diction. 

ANT.  Investigation,  study; 
information ;  analysis. 

Divorce,  v.  Separate,  part,  sun- 
der, alienate,  disunite. 

ANT.  Marry,  wed,  betroth, 
consort. 

Do.  Accomplish,  achieve,  bring 
to  pass,  complete,  effect,  realize, 
discharge,  perpetuate,  perform, 
commit,  consummate,  actual- 
ize ;  execute,  finish,  fulfil ;  work 
out,  transact. 

ANT.  Neglect,  ruin,  spoil, 
defeat,  destroy,  mar,  miscarry, 
fail,  frustrate,  baffle,  omit,  come 
short. 

Docile.  Manageable,  amenable, 
compliant,  gentle,  tame,  sub- 
missive, yielding,  tractable,  pli- 
able, obedient. 


ANT.  Obstinate,  firm,  inflex- 
ible, stubborn,  self-willed,  wil- 
ful, determined,  dogged,  reso- 
lute, opinionated. 

Doctrine.  Tenet,  dogma,  opin- 
ion, belief,  precept,  principle, 
teaching,  creed. 

ANT.  Duty,  practice,  action, 
conduct,  operations  application. 

Dogmatic.  Arrogant,  authorita- 
tive, imperious,  domineering, 
positive,  self-opinionated,  doc- 
trinal, magisterial,  dictatorial. 
ANT.  Practical,  active,  mod- 
est, diffident,  vacillating,  con- 
siderate. 

Domestic.  Private,  family,  fa- 
miliar, homelike. 

ANT.  Public,  foreign,  alien, 
strange. 

Domicile.  Home,  abode,  house, 
residence,  mansion,  dwelling. 

ANT.  World,  wilderness;  es- 
trangement, migration,  travel, 
exile. 

Dominance,  Domination.  Su- 
periority, lordship,  mastery, 
sway,  supremacy,  command,  as- 
cendancy, government. 

ANT.  Servility,  subjection, 
inferiority,  weakness,  minority, 
subordination. 

Domineer.  Lord,  tyrannize,  dic- 
tate, bully,  swagger. 

ANT.  Submit,  yield,  bow,  de- 
fer, patronize,  succumb;  resist, 
contend. 

Dominion.  Government,  domi- 
nation, supremacy,  sway,  dom- 
inance, control,  authority,  do- 
main, territory,  sovereignty. 

ANT.  Submission,  subjuga- 
tion, servitude. 

Doom,  n.  Condemnation,  fate, 
sentence,  judgment,  destiny, 
verdict. 

ANT.  Liberation,  respite,  es- 
cape, acquittal,  discharge. 

Dormant.  Sleeping,  latent,  in- 
ert, quiescent. 


[  86  ] 


dou] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[dul 


ANT.  Active,  operative,  vigi- 
lant, awake,  alert. 

Doubt,  n.  Distrust,  skepticism, 
disbelief,  suspicion,  suspense, 
hesitation,  incredulity,  irreso- 
lution, misgiving,  unbelief,  per- 
plexity, uncertainty. 

ANT.  Conviction,  certainty, 
assurance;  belief,  confidence; 
determination,  resolution,  re- 
solve. 

Downwards.  Below,  beneath, 
down. 

ANT.    Upwards,  above,  aloft. 

Drag.     Draw,  pull,  haul,  bring. 

ANT.  Carry,  push,  propel, 
raise. 

Drain.  Empty,  exhaust,  draw, 
strain,  dry. 

ANT.  Fill,  supply,  replenish, 
moisten,  drench. 

Draw.  Haul,  lead,  pull,  drag, 
lure,  entice,  attract,  incline,  in- 
duce. 

ANT.  Repel,  repulse,  rebuff, 
alienate,  estrange,  reject. 

Dread,  n.  Fear,  terror,  awe,  ap- 
prehension, horror,  alarm. 

ANT.  Confidence,  courage; 
familiarity. 

Dream.  Reverie,  fancy,  vision, 
delusion,  conceit,  hallucination, 
romance,  trance,  vagary. 

ANT.  Fact,  reality,  realiza- 
tion, verity,  certainty,  sub- 
stance. 

Dreary.  Dismal,  gloomy,  dark, 
lonesome,  solitary,  cheerless. 

ANT.  Cheerful,  bright,  prom- 
ising, inviting. 

Dress.  Clothing,  garments,  ap- 
parel, garb,  array,  uniform,  at- 
tire, costume,  raiment,  habili- 
ments, vesture,  robes,  habit, 
vestments. 

ANT.  Nakedness,  disarray, 
nudity,  bareness,  deshabille,  ex- 
posure, undress. 

Drift,  n.  Direction,  bearing, 
course;  aim,  purpose,  inten- 


tion, scope,  tendency,  design; 
rush,  impulse,  current;  heap, 
mass. 

ANT.      Aimlessness,     vague- 
ness, aberrancy,  indefiniteness. 
Drink.      Swallow,  imbibe,  quaff, 
drain,  absorb,  suck  in. 

ANT.  Pour,  exude,  disgorge, 
water,  moisten. 

Drive.  Impel,  propel,  compel, 
push,  thrust,  urge;  repulse,  re- 
pel, resist;  ride. 

ANT.  Draw,  attract,  invite, 
summon. 

Droll.  Whimsical,  comical,  ludi- 
crous, funny,  ridiculous,  odd, 
queer,  facetious. 

ANT.  Sober,  solemn,  tragic, 
funereal. 

Droop.  Languish,  sink,  decline, 
flag,  pine,  wither,  fade,  writ. 

ANT.  Prosper,  revive,  rally, 
flourish,  raise,  luxuriate. 
Drown.  Sink,  immerse,  swamp, 
overwhelm,  overflow,  inundate, 
deluge,  flood,  overcome,  over- 
power. 

ANT.  Dry,  drain,  air,  venti- 
late, expose. 

Dry.  Arid,  parched;  thirsty, 
craving  drink;  barren,  meager, 
dull,  dreary,  tedious,  plain ;  se- 
vere, sarcastic,  sharp,  keen. 

ANT.  Moist,  fresh,  juicy; 
lively,  entertaining;  fulsome, 
florid. 

Due.  Proper,  fitting,  suitable, 
appropriate,  becoming;  owing, 
obligatory. 

ANT.  Improper,  unsuitable, 
independent;  unfair,  extrava- 
gant, deficient. 

Dull.  Heavy,  stupid,  unintelli- 
gent, apathetic,  insensible,  cal- 
lous, dead;  inert,  lifeless,  in- 
active, slow,  torpid;  blunt,  ob- 
tuse ;  gloomy,  sad,  dismal ;  dim, 
obscure;  wearisome,  dreary,  te- 
dious. 

ANT.     Bright,   light,  tpark- 


L  87  ] 


duzu] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[eel 


ling,  brilliant,  quick,  interest- 
ing, lively,  keen,  witty,  cheery, 
inviting,  entertaining. 

Dumb.  Speechless,  mute,  silent, 
still,  inarticulate. 

ANT.     Talkative,  chatty,  lo- 
quacious. 

Duplicate.  Copy,  counterpart, 
facsimile,  imitation,  likeness, 
replica,  reproduction,  double, 
transcript. 

ANT.    Original,  pattern,  pro- 
totype, archetype,  model, 

Duplicity.       Deceit,     deception, 
circumvention,    guile,    artifice, 
hypocrisy,  fraud,  dishonesty. 
ANT.      Candor,    straightfor- 


wardness, frankness,  sincerity, 
honesty. 

Duration.  Continuance,  term, 
period,  protraction,  prolonga- 
tion ( in  time ) . 

ANT.      Brevity,    momentari- 
ness;  infinity,  eternity. 

Duty.  Office,  responsibility,  ob- 
ligation, function,  business,  ac- 
countability, right,  righteous- 
ness. 

ANT.    Immunity,  freedom,  li- 
cense, exemption,  dispensation. 

Dwell.  Live,  reside,  rest,  stop, 
stay,  abide,  lodge,  sojourn. 

ANT.     Visit,  migrate,  liasten, 
flit,  roam,  depart,  travel. 


Eager.  Impatient,  anxious,  de- 
sirous, longing,  yearning,  ar- 
dent, enthusiastic,  earnest,  ani- 
mated, fervent,  impetuous,  ve- 
hement. 

ANT.  Torpid,  sluggish,  slow, 
backward,  belated,  late,  tardy. 

Earn.  Acquire,  merit,  win,  get, 
gain,  procure,  deserve,  achieve, 
obtain,  realize. 

ANT.  Waste,  lose,  spend,  for- 
feit, squander. 

Earnest.  Eager,  zealous,  fer- 
vent; steady,  intent,  fixed;  sin- 
cere, serious,  true;  important, 
momentous. 

ANT.  Indifferent,  irresolute, 
sportive,  jesting,  flippant. 

Ease.  Facility,  knack,  readiness, 
expertness,  easiness,  satisfac- 
tion, contentment,  comfort,  re- 
pose, refreshment,  relief. 

ANT.  Perplexity,  irritation, 
annoyance,  constraint,  disquiet, 
trouble,  vexation,  difficulty,  un- 
easiness, awkwardness,  worry. 

Easy.  Quiet,  comfortable,  tran- 
quil, compliant,  facile,  compla- 
cent, submissive ;  unaffected, 


natural,  smooth;  moderate,  af- 
fluent. 

ANT.  Disturbed,  uncomfort- 
able, hard,  difficult,  anxious,  ea- 
acting. 

Ebb.      Retire,  recede,  abate,  de- 
crease, subside,  wane,  sink. 

ANT.  Flow,  swell,  increase, 
flood,  inundate,  deluge. 
Eccentric.  Irregular,  abnormal, 
uncommon,  peculiar,  singular, 
wayward,  strange,  aberrant,  er- 
ratic, whimsical. 

ANT.  Normal,  conventional, 
common,  usual,  regular,  cus- 
tomary. 

Echo.     Resonance,  repetition,  re- 
verberation, imitation,  answer. 

ANT.  Sound,  voice,  original, 
tone,  noise,  speech. 
Eclipse,  n.  Obscuration,  dim- 
ming, obscurity,  hiding,  shroud- 
ing, concealment,  vanishing,  ex- 
tinction, obliteration,  annihila- 
tion, destruction. 

ANT.  Illumination,  enlight- 
enment, revelation;  perpetua- 
tion; radiation;  unveiling,  dia- 
oovery. 


[  88 


eco] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


let 


Economics.  Science  of  wealth, 
public  or  political  economy; 
household  management,  house- 
hold economy,  housewifery. 
Economize.  Save,  husband,  re- 
trench, manage  frugally,  be  fru- 
gal or  prudent,  practice  econ- 
omy, avoid  waste;  develop  re- 
sources, utilize. 

ANT.  Waste,  misuse,  sacri- 
fice, be  lavish,  profuse,  or  ea>- 
travagant;  squander,  dissi- 
pate. 

Economy.  Thrift,  thriftiness, 
frugality,  providence,  good  hus- 
bandry; management,  arrange- 
ment, regulation,  administra- 
tion; plan,  system,  established 
order,  dispensation. 

ANT.  Prodigality,  wasteful- 
ness, extravagance,  lavishness. 
Ecstasy.  Transport,  rapture,  in- 
spiration, fervor,  frenzy,  emo- 
tion, delight,  enthusiasm,  hap- 
piness. 

ANT.  Coolness,  dulness,  en- 
nui, weariness,  tedium,  indif- 
ference. 

Edge.  Border,  margin,  brink, 
rim,  brim,  verge;  sharpness, 
keenness,  intensity,  animation, 
zest. 

ANT.  Center,  interior;  dul- 
ness, bluntness,  flatness;  inert- 
ness, inactivity. 

Edible.  Eatable,  esculent,  whole- 
some, culinary. 

ANT.  Poisonous,  deleterious, 
harmful,  dangerous,  noxious, 
uneatable. 

Edict.  Decree,  command,  order, 
proclamation,  mandate,  ordi- 
nance. 

ANT.  Hoax,  eanard;  request, 
wish. 

Edifice.  Building,  tenement,  fab- 
ric, structure. 

ANT.      Ruin,    heap,    demoli- 
tion, destruction. 
"Edify.     Build  up,  enlighten,  im- 


prove,   stimulate,    strengthen, 
nurture. 

ANT.  Defile,  debase,  mislead, 
misguide,  pervert,  corrupt. 

Edit.  Revise,  correct,  prepare 
for  the  press,  annotate,  emend; 
bring  out;  conduct,  manage. 

ANT.  Distort,  pervert,  fal- 
sify, garble,  mutilate. 

Educate.  Discipline,  teach,  in- 
struct, train,  nurture,  breed,  de- 
velop. 

ANT.  Dwarf,  stunt,  hinder ; 
pervert,  corrupt. 

Education.  Training,  teaching, 
tuition,  instruction,  schooling, 
discipline,  cultivation,  breed- 
ing, development,  nurture,  in- 
formation, knowledge,  learning, 
reading,  study. 

ANT.  Ignorance,  illiteracy, 
nescience,  blindness,  darkness. 

Educe.  Draw  out,  extract,  elicit, 
evolve,  produce. 

ANT.  Adduce,  cite,  allege, 
quote,  advance,  name,  mention; 
apply,  insert,  deposit,  bestow. 

Efface.  Obliterate,  erase,  blot 
out,  destroy,  cancel,  eradicate, 
expunge. 

ANT.  Restore,  revive,  delin- 
eate, imprint,  portray,  replace, 
reinstate,  renew. 

Effect,  n.  Result,  consequence, 
event,  issue;  force,  efficiency, 
validity,  weight,  power;  pur- 
port, drift,  tenor,  meaning; 
fact,  reality,  truth ;  impression, 
appearance,  ensemble;  (pi.) 
chattels,  goods,  commodities, 
property,  movables. 

ANT.  Cause,  motive,  source^ 
incentive;  origin. 

Effect,  v.  Cause,  produce,  acconv 
plish,  change,  achieve,  create, 
execute,  perform,  realize,  com- 
pass, effectuate,  consummate, 
fulfil. 

ANT.    Obviate,  frustrate, 
vent,  mar,  hinder;  deter, 


5  S9 


eff] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


Effective.  Adequate,  competent, 
effectual,  sufficient;  potent,  co- 
gent, efficacious,  forcible,  ener- 
getic, powerful ;  active,  efficient, 
operative;  conducive;  service- 
able, able,  talented. 

ANT.  Weak,  futile,  nuga- 
tory, inconducive,  inoperative, 
inadequate,  impotent,  incompe- 
tent, powerless. 

Effectuate.  Accomplish,  effect, 
execute,  achieve,  secure,  fulfil. 

ANT.  Prevent,  hinder,  abol- 
ish, defeat,  nullify,  stifle,  blight. 

Effeminate.  Feminine,  womanly, 
delicate;  womanish,  feeble,  un- 
manly, timorous,  enervated, 
soft,  weak,  emasculated. 

ANT.  Strong,  manly,  mascu- 
line, virile,  manlike,  vigorous, 
hardy,  robust. 

Effervesce.  Boil,  bubble,  froth, 
foam,  ferment,  sparkle;  express 
irrepressible  emotion. 

ANT.  Subside;  acquiesce,  re- 
frain, bear,  brook,  digest. 

Effete.  Barren,  unfruitful;  de- 
cayed, spent,  exhausted,  worn, 
wasted,  decrepit. 

ANT.  Vigorous,  fertile,  pro- 
lific, productive,  exuberant,  lux- 
uriant, rank. 

Efficacious.  Effectual,  effective, 
active,  operative,  powerful,  ade- 
quate, cogent. 

ANT.  Insufficient,  inade- 
quate, ineffectual. 

Efficacy.  Power,  potency,   force, 
competency,  strength,  effective- 
ness, vigor,  energy,  usefulness. 
ANT.      Inefficacy,     incompe- 
tency. 

Efficiency.  Power,  strength,  ca- 
pabilty,  virtue,  energy,  useful- 
ness, productiveness,  effective- 
ness ;  attentiveness,  aptitude, 
skill,  ingenuity,  competence,  in- 
ventiveness, readiness,  ingeni- 
ousness,  faculty,  cleverness,  ge- 
nius, acuteness. 


ANT.  Weakness,  inability, 
incompetence,  unproductivity  ; 
inattention,  awkwardness,  ab- 
sence of  mind,  thoughtlessness, 
preoccupation,  distraction,  lazi- 
ness, stupidity. 

Efficient.  Operative,  active,  po- 
tent, efficacious,  effective,  effec- 
tual; able,  skilled,  ready,  ener- 
getic, proficient,  competent. 

ANT.  Inactive,  impotent,  in- 
effective, abortive;  dull,  inert, 
indolent,  sluggish,  senseless, 
stupid. 

Effigy.      Image,    representation, 
figure,  statue,  likeness ;  dummy. 
ANT.     Caricature,  misrepre- 
sentation, distortion;  bust,  por- 
trait. 

Efflorescence.  Flowering,  bloom- 
ing, blossoming,  budding;  out- 
burst; bloom,  luxuriance. 

ANT.  Deflorescence,  fading, 
waning,  blasting,  withering; 
nudity,  bareness,  denudation; 
absorption,  desiccation. 

Effluence.  Emanation,  flow,  ef- 
fusion, efflux;  issue,  outpour- 
ing; emission,  discharge;  abun- 
dance, overflow. 

ANT.  Influx,  infusion,  reflu- 
ence,  ebb;  exhaustion;  absorp- 
tion, retention. 

Effluvium.  Exhalation,  emana- 
tion, malaria,  miasma,  stink, 
noxious  vapor. 

ANT.  Ventilation,  scent,  dis- 
infectant; zephyr,  aroma,  balm. 

Effort.  Endeavor,  attempt,  trial, 
exertion,  struggle,  essay,  strain, 
striving,  stretch. 

ANT.  Failure,  frustration, 
futility,  weakness,  deficiency, 
misadventure;  ease,  inactivity, 
spontaneity,  facility. 

Effrontery.  Assurance,  impu- 
dence, audacity,  shamelessness, 
presumption,  hardihood,  bold- 
ness1, brass;  insolence,  sauci- 


[  00 


eff] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


ANT.  Modesty,  coyness,  shy- 
ness, diffidence,  sensitiveness, 
shrinking,  timidity,  bashful- 
ness. 

Effulgence.  Brilliancy,  splen- 
dor, luster,  brightness,  radiance, 
refulgence,  glory,  flame,  lumi- 
nosity, resplendence. 

ANT.  Darkness,  tencbrosity, 
obscuration,  gloom,  opaqueness, 
shade. 

Effuse,  a.  Profuse,  poured  forth 
freely,  lavish,  prodigal,  copious, 
abundant,  effluent. 

ANT.  Dry,  scanty,  sparing, 
meager,  thin. 

Effusion.  Outpouring,  effluence, 
discharge,  emission;  abun- 
dance; speech,  address,  ora- 
tion; waste,  shedding,  spilling. 
ANT.  Infusion,  absorption; 
essay,  reading,  document,  in- 
strument; influx;  retention. 

Effusive.  Lavish,  generous,  pro- 
fuse, prodigal,  gushing;  spread 
widely,  diffused. 

ANT.  Sparing;  taciturn,  la- 
conic, curt,  brief. 

Egoism.  Selfishness,  self-assur- 
ance, self-conceit,  self -con- 
sciousness, self-confidence,  self- 
esteem,  conceit,  vanity,  self-as- 
sertion, self-praise,  self-admira- 
tion, self-love,  self-exaltation. 

ANT.  Self-abnegation,  def- 
erence, self-forgetfulness,  diffi- 
dence, bashfulness,  humility, 
modesty,  self-distrust,  shyness, 
unobtrusiveness,  considerate- 
ness,  unostentatiousness. 

Egregious.  Surpassing,  ex- 
traordinary, remarkable,  enor- 
mous, monstrous,  outrageous, 
tremendous,  prodigious,  pecul- 
iar; flagrant,  gross. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  usual,  com- 
monplace, mediocre,  everyday. 

Egress.     Exit,  way  out,  depart- 
ure, going  out,  outlet;  sally. 
ANT.     Entrance,  avenue,  ap- 


proach,   inlet;    inroad,    incur- 
sion, invasion. 

Either.  One  or  the  other  of 
two;  each,  both. 

ANT.  Neither,  not  any  one 
of  two. 

Ejaculation.  Exclamation,  cry, 
utterance;  expletive. 

ANT.  Silence,  speechlessness, 
dumfounderment ;  drawl;  ora- 
tion, speech. 

Eject.  Cast  out,  emit,  vomit, 
void,  evacuate;  expel,  dismiss, 
discharge,  oust;  reject,  banish, 
throw  aside,  cast  away. 

ANT.  Retain,  absorb;  ac- 
cept, receive,  house,  store,  ad- 
mit, accommodate,  welcome;  in- 
troduce, inject. 

Eke  out.  Add  to,  supply,  in- 
crease, stretch,  raise,  augment,, 
help. 

ANT.  Stint,  drain,  withhold, 
diminish,  exhaust. 

Elaborate.  Improve,  refine,  de- 
velop, mature,  execute,  forge, 
prepare,  concoct,  work  upon,  la- 
bor over. 

ANT.  Slight,  neglect,  disre- 
gard, overlook ;  miscontrive, 
mismanage;  chance,  hit,  guess, 
conjecture,  extemporize. 

Elapse.  Pass,  slip,  glide  away, 
lapse;  intervene. 

ANT.  Wait,  abide,  halt,  hold; 
continue,  endure;  grasp,  seize. 

Elastic.  Flexible,  springy,  resil- 
ient, extensile,  ductile,  buoy- 
ant; alterable,  modifiable;  re- 
bounding, recoiling. 

ANT.  Rigid,  tough,  inflex- 
ible; crystallized,  unchange- 
able; dull,  inert. 

Elated.  Cheered,  excited,  exhil- 
arated, animated,  flushed,  in- 
spirited, inflated. 

ANT.  'Depressed,  dejected, 
discouraged,  dispirited,  humil- 
iated, abashed,  confounded. 

Elder.     Senior,  older,  more  an- 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ell 


eient,   earlier  born;    superior; 
precedent. 

ANT.  Younger,  junior,  ju- 
venile. 

"Elect,  o.  Picked,  selected,  cho- 
sen, choice;  appointed,  dele- 
gated; redeemed,  saved;  elite, 
accepted. 

ANT.  Rejected,  doomed,  rep- 
robate; abandoned,  depraved. 

.Election.  Selection,  preference, 
choice;  appointment  by  vote; 
alternative,  free  will,  freedom, 
power  to  choose;  discrimina- 
tion, discernment,  distinction; 
predestination. 

ANT.  Postponement;  rejec- 
tion, reprobation,  abandonment. 

Electric.  Charged  with  electric- 
ity, relating  to  electricity;  in- 
spiring, inspiriting,  stimulat- 
ing; lightninglike,  swift,  flash- 
ing, thrilling,  stirring,  exciting. 

Electrify.  Charge  with  electric- 
ity, render  electric;  rouse,  ex- 
cite, thrill,  stir,  astonish,  as- 
tound, amaze,  appal. 

ANT.  "Kill"  (of  something 
charged,  from  which  the  elec- 
tricity is  suddenly  removed)  ; 
disconnect,  sever  (of  apparatus 
for  carrying  electricity)  ;  stu- 
pefy, soothe,  deaden,  calm,  mes- 
merize. 

Elegance.  Grace,  beauty,  pro- 
priety, symmetry;  polish,  po- 
liteness, refinement,  gentility, 
gracefulness,  taste. 

ANT.  Deformity,  awkward- 
ness, coarseness,  rudeness,  dis- 
proportion. 

Elegant.  Graceful,  well-formed, 
symmetrical,  lovely,  handsome, 
comely,  refined,  tasteful,  orna- 
mental, accomplished,  polished. 
ANT.  Awkward,  deformed, 
ill-proportioned,  misshapen,  un- 
graceful, hideous,  coarse,  rude. 

Elegy.  Dirge,  threnody,  lament, 
jeremiad,  requiem,  coronach, 


funeral  song;   serious  or  mel- 
ancholy poem. 

ANT.  Pcean,  jubilee,  halle- 
luiah, anthem. 

Element.  Constituent,  compo- 
nent, ingredient,  part,  prin- 
ciple, atom;  (pi.)  rudiments, 
outlines,  essential  parts. 

ANT.  Whole,  mass,  aggre- 
gate, total,  totality,  gross,  sum, 
amount. 

Elementary.  Simple,  uncom- 
pounded,  rudimentary,  pri- 
mary; physical,  material,  natu- 
ral; ultimate,  component,  con- 
stituent. 

ANT.  Compounded,  collec- 
tive, aggregate,  developed,  or- 
ganized; immaterial,  incorpo- 
real, impalpable. 

Elevate.  Raise,  lift  up,  exalt, 
promote,  advance,  aggrandize; 
improve,  dignify,  ennoble,  re- 
fine, inspire,  greaten;  animate, 
elate,  cheer,  excite,  exhilarate. 

ANT.  Lower,  degrade,  de- 
base, depress,  demean,  humble, 
humiliate. 

Elevation.  Raising,  elevating; 
promotion,  aggrandizement,  ex- 
altation ;  dignity,  refinement, 
improvement ;  amelioration ; 
hill,  height,  altitude,  superior- 
ity, eminence,  loftiness,  tall- 
ness. 

ANT.  Degradation,  debase- 
ment, depression,  decline,  fall, 
depth;  deterioration,  inferior- 
ity; shortness,  stuntedness. 
Elicit.  Draw  out,  evoke,  educe, 
call  forth,  bring  out,  deduce, 
bring  to  light ;  express,  extract, 
evolve,  worm  out,  extort. 

ANT.  Insert,  implant,  intro- 
duce, inoculate,  inject,  infuse, 
instill,  incorporate,  insinuate; 
suggest. 

Eligible.  Desirable,  preferable, 
worthy  of  choice,  qualified,  ca- 
pable, suitable,  prime,  choice. 


eli] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[em* 


ANT.  Worthless,  ordinary, 
indifferent,  unprofitable,  unde- 
sirable. 

Elimination.  Expulsion,  exclu- 
sion, discharge,  removal,  rejec- 
tion, eradication,  erasure,  rid- 
dance, obliteration. 

ANT.  Inclusion,  retention; 
approval;  preservation,  conser- 
vation. 

Elision.  Omission,  ejection,  el- 
lipsis, abridgment,  excerp- 
tion. 

ANT.  Insertion,  inoculation, 
introduction,  implantation;  in- 
clusion; augmentation. 

Elliptical.  Contracted,  abbrevi- 
ated; suggestive,  latent,  allu- 
sive; significant,  pregnant;  de- 
fective, incomplete. 

ANT.  Explanatory,  categori- 
cal, full;  expository,  declara- 
tory, enunciative. 

Elocution.  Speech,  power  of  ex- 
pression, utterance,  delivery, 
declamatory  art;  eloquence,  or- 
atory. 

ANT.    Reading,  lection. 

Elongation.  Protraction,  exten- 
sion, production,  drawing  out, 
continuation;  withdrawal,  dis- 
tance. 

ANT.  Apocope,  elision,  cur- 
tailment, abridgment,  contrac- 
tion. 

Eloquence.  Oratory,  graceful 
utterance,  appropriate  expres- 
sion, impassioned  speech. 

ANT.  Verbosity,  wordiness, 
prolixity,  tediousness;  grand- 
iloquence, bombast,  fustian. 

Elucidate.  Explain,  illustrate, 
clear,  make  manifest,  unfold, 
make  plain,  expound. 

ANT.  Confuse,  mystify,  ob- 
scure, puzzle,  bewilder,  befog. 

Elucidation.  Explanation,  ex- 
position, illustration,  demon- 
stration; comment,  annotation, 
commentary,  gloss,  scholium. 


ANT.  Mystification,  confu- 
sion; obscurity,  ambiguity. 

Elude.  Escape,  avoid,  shun,  slip 
away;  baffle,  foil,  thwart,  dis- 
appoint, disconcert,  balk,  frus- 
trate, evade,  mock. 

ANT.  Meet,  encounter,  con- 
front;  dare,  defy;  court,  invite* 
challenge. 

Elusive,  Elusory.  Evasive,  de- 
lusive, equivocating,  deceptive,, 
fraudulent,  fallacious,  deceit- 
ful, illusory ;  shuffling,  shif ting, 
slippery,  fugitive ;  shadowy,  un- 
substantial, intangible. 

ANT.  Persistent,  staple,  cer- 
tain, solid;  true,  sure,  unequiv- 
ocal. 

Em-,  or  en-.  A  prefix  meaning- 
in  or  into,  sometimes  inter- 
changeable with  in-.  The  form 
em-  is  used  before  words  begin- 
ning with  p,  b,  or  m.  The  pre- 
fix has  also  a  causal  force. 
Words  beginning  with  this  pre- 
fix, whose  original  meaning  is 
simply  the  meaning  of  the  root 
word  plus  that  of  the  prefix, 
are  omitted  here,  for  their  syn- 
onyms and  antonyms  may  be 
readily  formed  from  those  of 
the  root  word. 

Emaciation.  Leanness,  lank- 
ness,  thinness,  tenuity,  attenu- 
ation, wasting,  gauntness,  skin- 
niness,  meagerness. 

ANT.  Obesity,  fatness,  cor- 
pulence. 

Emanate.  Flow  forth  continu- 
ously, issue,  arise,  spring,  pro- 
ceed, emerge. 

ANT.  End,  terminate,  culmi- 
nate, eventuate,  cease;  dry  up. 

Emancipate.  Free,  enfranchise,, 
liberate,  rescue,  release,  manu- 
mit, unfetter,  unchain,  disen- 
thrall, set  free. 

ANT.  Subjugate,  enslave,  en- 
thrall, bind;  disqualify,  inca- 
pacitate. 


•emb] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[erne 


Embalm.  Preserve,  cherish,  en- 
shrine, keep;  scent,  perfume, 
make  fragrant;  treasure,  store, 
consecrate. 

ANT.  Abandon,  desecrate,  ex- 
pose, vulgarize,  violate,  profane. 

Embargo.  Prohibition,  ban,  re- 
straint, hindrance,  restriction; 
detention,  stoppage. 

ANT.  Permit,  permission,  re- 
lease, discharge,  cong6,  libera- 
tion, dismissal. 

Embark.  Ship;  engage,  enlist, 
put  in,  invest;  launch,  enter, 
start. 

ANT.  Land,  arrive,  anchor, 
disembark,  go  ashore. 

Embarrass.  Entangle,  perplex, 
make  intricate  or  difficult;  dis- 
tress, trouble,  harass,  hamper, 
confuse,  disconcert,  clog,  puzzle, 
abash,  confound,  encumber. 

ANT.  Extricate,  relieve,  dis- 
entangle, liberate,  deliver;  ex- 
pedite, facilitate,  accelerate,  as- 
sist; calm,  compose,  tranquil- 
ize. 

Embellish..  Adorn,  decorate,  or- 
nament, deck,  beautify. 

ANT.  Detract,  diminish,  der- 
ogate from,  strip,  destroy,  de- 
nude. 

Embezzle.  Appropriate,  steal, 
purloin,  peculate ;  falsify,  forge, 
counterfeit. 

ANT.  Square,  clear,  balance; 
restore,  refund,  retrieve. 

Embitter.  Make  bitter,  aggra- 
vate, exacerbate,  exasperate,  en- 
rage, anger,  madden;  molest, 
provoke,  excite. 

ANT.  Alleviate,  soothe;  com- 
pose, quiet,  pacify;  sweeten;  de- 
light, please,  comfort. 

Emblem.  Figure,  image,  sign, 
symbol,  token,  type,  attribute; 
device,  cognizance,  representa- 
tion; badge,  mark,  signal. 

ANT.  Disguise,  decoy,  incog- 
nito, ruse,  blind,  domino,  mask. 


Embody.  Incorporate,  make  cor- 
poreal, concentrate,  compact, 
integrate,  combine,  collect;  syS' 
tematize,  codify;  comprehend^ 
include,  embrace,  comprise,  con- 
tain. 

ANT.      Analyze,    dismember, 

disband,  disintegrate,  dissipate. 

Embolden.    Encourage,  animate, 

reassure,  inspirit,  incite,  urge, 

stimulate. 

ANT.  Intimidate,  frighten, 
alarm,  deter,  overwhelm,  dis- 
courage. 

Embosomed.  Concealed,  envel- 
oped, surrounded,  encircled,  en- 
folded. 

ANT.  Exposed,  open,  uncon- 
cealed, revealed. 

Embrace.  Clasp,  hug,  press; 
seize,  welcome,  accept;  compre- 
hend, include,  cover,  contain, 
embody,  take  in. 

ANT.  Cast  off,  reject;  ex- 
clude, except. 

Embroider.  Embellish,  enrich, 
emboss,  adorn  with  needlework. 

ANT.  Darn,  botch,  patch, 
repair. 

Embroil.  Implicate,  entangle, 
ensnarl,  involve;  disturb,  per- 
plex, confuse,  distract,  trouble. 

ANT.  Extricate,  separate,  re- 
move; compose,  pacify,  arrange, 
calm. 

Embryo.  Germ,  rudiment,  nu- 
cleus, origin. 

ANT.     Development,  comple- 
tion, maturity,  fulfilment. 
Emendation.     Amendment,  cor- 
rection, rectification,   reforma- 
tion, improvement. 

ANT.    Error,  defect,  fault,  in- 
correctness, inaccuracy. 
Emerge.      Eise,   issue,  emanate, 
escape;  appear,  become  visible. 

ANT.      Disappear,   sink;    re- 
treat,  abscond,  recede;   enter; 
depart. 
Emergency.     Exigency,  urgency, 


[  94  ] 


cmi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[emp 


necessity,  crisis,  difficulty,  ex- 
tremity, strait;  juncture,  turn 
of  events ;  unforeseen  occasion ; 
embarrassment,  difficulty,  casu- 
alty. 

ANT.  Rescue,  deliverance,  so- 
lution, provision,  arrangement, 
anticipation,  foresight,  climax. 

Emigration.  Removal,  exodus, 
migration  from,  colonization; 
departure. 

ANT.  Immigration,  migra- 
tion to  or  into;  settlement,  so- 
journ, abode,  stay;  domicilia- 
tion,  domestication. 

Eminence.  Prominence,  projec- 
tion, elevation,  protuberance, 
hill,  high  point;  distinction, 
celebrity,  reputation,  renown, 
repute,  fame,  preferment;  note, 
conspicuousness;  superiority. 

ANT.  Debasement,  degrada- 
tion, lowliness,  decline;  infamy, 
disgrace,  shame,  obloquy,  op- 
probrium, scandal. 

Eminent.  High,  lofty,  elevated; 
celebrated,  distinguished,  prom- 
inent, illustrious,  remarkable, 
renowned,  conspicuous,  famous, 
reputed. 

ANT.  Mediocre,  worthless; 
infamous,  notorious;  egregious, 
outrageous. 

Emission.  Ejection,  expulsion, 
issue;  issuance,  putting  into 
circulation. 

ANT.  Injection,  admission, 
entrance. 

Emit.  Eject,  expel,  throw  out; 
issue,  decree,  discharge;  put 
into  circulation. 

ANT.  Inject;  retain,  with- 
hold. 

Emollient.  Softening,  laxative, 
balsamic,  soothing,  palliative. 

ANT.  Irritant,  astringent,  ir- 
ritating, galling. 

Emolument.  Gain,  pay,  profit, 
remuneration,  wap-es,  salary,  in- 
come, hire,  stipend,  lucre,  com- 


pensation; advantage,  benefit; 
gratuity,  perquisite. 

ANT.  Loss,  damage,  waste; 
disadvantage. 

Emotion.  Feeling,  passion,  ex- 
citement, agitation,  sensibility, 
perturbation,  tremor,  trepida- 
tion. 

ANT.  Indifference,  insensibil- 
ity, impassiveness,  stoicism,  im- 
perturbability. 

Emphasis.  Stress,  force,  ictus; 
weight,  significance,  impressive- 
ness. 

ANT.  Elision,  monotony,  uni- 
formity. 

Emphatic.  Significant,  expres- 
sive, strong,  forcible,  positive, 
energetic,  decided,  distinct,  un- 
equivocal, earnest,  important, 
special. 

ANT.  Mild,  ordinary,  usual, 
unimportant,  commonplace,  un- 
noticeable,  cool,  unimpassioned, 
undemons  tra  tive. 

Empire.  Dominion,  supremacy,, 
sovereignty,  authority,  govern- 
ment, command,  control,  sway, 
rule,  kingdom. 

ANT.  Independence,  insur- 
rection, anarchy,  mutiny,  sedi- 
tion, uprising. 

Empiric,  Empirical.  Tentative, 
experimental,  provisional,  hy- 
pothetic, experiential ;  quack- 
ish. 

ANT.  Regular,  scientific,  uni- 
form, constant,  inductive,  cate- 
gorical. 

Employ.  Engage,  call,  hire,  use, 
engross,  busy,  exercise;  apply, 
enlist,  entrust,  occupy,  econo- 
mize. 

ANT.  Discard,  dismiss,  mis- 
use. 

Employment.  Business,  voca- 
tion, pursuit,  calling,  profes- 
sion, craft,  trade,  occupation; 
service,  agency,  office,  employ; 
application,  engrossment. 


[  95  ] 


emp] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[enc 


ANT.  Leisure,  laziness,  indo- 
lence; recreation,  vacation. 

Empower.  Commission,  author- 
ize, warrant,  qualify;  enable, 
encourage ;  delegate,  sanction, 
direct. 

ANT.  Hinder,  prevent,  dis- 
courage, disqualify,  disable;  re- 
call, revoke,  withdraw. 

2£mpty,  a.  Void,  without  con- 
tents, vacant,  unoccupied;  des- 
titute, devoid;  unsup  plied, 
unfurnished,  unfilled;  unsatis- 
factory, vain,  hollow,  unsubstan- 
tial; desolate,  waste,  deserted, 
uninhabited ;  senseless,  weak, 
frivolous;  clear,  unencumbered, 
unobstructed,  vacuous,  unten- 
anted,  evacuated;  silly,  idle, 
deficient. 

ANT.  Full,  occupied,  inhab- 
ited, colonized,  obstructed,  en- 
cumbered; cultivated,  informed, 
well-instructed,  sensible,  experi- 
enced; significant,  important, 
forcible,  substantial. 

Emulation.  Rivalry,  desire  to  ex- 
cel, exceed,  or  surpass,  competi- 
tion; jealousy,  envy,  conten- 
tion; vying,  aspiration,  contest. 
ANT.  Stagnation,  inactivity, 
dulness;  contempt,  disregard, 
disdain,  disaffection;  abandon- 
ment, resignation,  discourage- 
ment. 

Enable.  Empower,  strengthen, 
qualify,  make  capable,  capaci- 
tate, invigorate. 

ANT.  Weaken,  disqualify,  in- 
capacitate, disable,  hinder. 

Enact.  Decree,  establish  by  law, 
ordain;  play,  personate,  repre- 
sent, act,  feign,  dissimulate; 
pass. 

ANT.  Abolish,  abrogate,  an- 
nul, cancel,  repeal,  rescind,  ex- 
punge. 

Enamor.  Charm,  captivate,  fas- 
cinate, inflame  with  love,  en- 
slave, endear,  bewitch,  enchain. 


ANT.  Disenthrall,  repel,  es- 
trange, disgust,  disenchant,  hor- 
rify. 

Encamp.  Bivouac,  pitch,  settle, 
quarter,  camp. 

ANT.  March,  decamp,  retire, 
retreat,  advance,  charge. 

Enchain.  Bind  with  chains,  fet- 
ter, manacle,  enslave. 

ANT.  Loose,  liberate,  manu- 
mit, extricate,  free. 

Enchant.  Charm,  fascinate,  be- 
witch, enamor,  captivate,  win, 
catch,  lead  captive;  enrapture, 
ravish,  transport,  beatify,  de- 
light. 

ANT.  Repel,  estrange,  dis- 
gust, horrify,  shock,  alienate. 

Enchantment.  Incantation,  fas- 
cination, charm,  conjuration, 
necromancy,  magic,  witchery, 
sorcery,  spell;  delight,  rapture, 
ravishment,  transport,  bliss. 

ANT.  Disillusionment,  repul- 
sion, shock,  alienation. 

Encircle.  Surround,  encompass, 
environ,  gird,  enclose ;  embrace, 
fold,  clasp;  hem  in,  beset,  cir- 
cumscribe. 

Enclose.  Encompass,  encircle, 
shut,  include,  environ,  envelop, 
wrap,  circumscribe. 

Enclosure.  Space  enclosed,  com- 
pass, circle;  yard,  compound; 
fence,  ring,  limit,  park,  field, 
boundary,  precinct. 

ANT.  Space,  waste,  desert, 
wild,  open,  prairie,  wilderness, 
stretch,  void,  clearing. 

Encomium.  Eulogy,  praise,  eu- 
logium,  panegyric,  commenda- 
tion, laudation,  psean,  compli- 
ment, good  word. 

ANT.  Invective,  taunt,  vitu- 
peration, obloquy,  vilification, 
slander. 

Encompass.  Encircle,  enclose, 
gird,  hem  in,  surround,  circum- 
scribe. 

Encounter.    Meet,  confront,  face. 


enc] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[end 


withstand;  assault,  combat,  en- 
gage, fight,  attack,  contend, 
compete  with;  fall  upon. 

ANT.  Elude,  avoid,  escape, 
shun,  miss,  flee,  frustrate. 

Encourage.  Inspirit,  animate, 
embolden,  hearten,  incite,  stim- 
ulate ;  cheer,  comfort,  console ; 
support,  countenance,  reassure ; 
advance,  further;  foster,  abet, 
aid,  help,  patronize;  prompt, 
urge. 

ANT.  Deter,  discourage,  dis- 
hearten, dissuade;  depress,  de- 
ject; provoke,  incite,  exasper- 
ate; retard,  hinder,  prevent. 

Encroach.  Intrude,  trespass,  in- 
fringe, invade;  creep,  advance 
stealthily;  transgress. 

ANT.  Respect,  recognize,  ob- 
serve; protect;  refrain. 

Encumber.  Clog,  load,  impede, 
obstruct,  hinder,  burden,  over- 
load; embarrass,  perplex,  in- 
volve, entangle,  complicate. 

ANT.  Free,  liberate;  assist, 
aid,  help ;  relieve,  straighten. 

Encumbrance.  Load,  impedi- 
ment, hindrance;  debt,  claim, 
liability. 

ANT.  A  id,  assistance;  relief; 
cancelation. 

End,  n.  Limit,  outcome,  period, 
extremity,  extent,  bound,  con- 
clusion, boundary,  completion, 
close,  effect,  expiration,  finish, 
finis,  finale;  issue,  goal,  intent, 
fulfilment,  purpose,  point,  re- 
sult, termination,  terminus; 
utmost,  uttermost;  accomplish- 
ment, achievement ;  cessation, 
consummation,  design,  conse- 
quence; fragment,  scrap,  rem- 
nant. 

ANT.  Commencement,  ori- 
gin, beginning,  source,  spring, 
start,  fountain,  arising,  incep- 
tion, opening,  initiation,  out- 
set, rise. 

End,  v.     *>R°e.  break  off,  close, 


complete,  conclude,  stop,  quit, 
.desist,  terminate,  finish,  ex- 
pire, wind  up;  destroy,  kill, 
put  to  death. 

ANT.  Begin,  commence,  in- 
itiate, start,  open;  restore,  re- 
vivify. 

Endanger.  Hazard,  risk,  peril; 
commit,  compromise,  expose  to 
danger,  jeopardize. 

ANT.  Protect,  shield,  save, 
defend,  cover,  screen,  preserve. 

Endear.  Make  dear,  attach,  se- 
cure the  affection  of,  gain ;  con- 
ciliate. 

ANT.  Estrange,  alienate,  em- 
bitter, antagonize. 

Endeavor,  v.  Attempt,  essay, 
try,  strive,  undertake,  make  ef- 
fort, labor,  aim,  exert  one's 
self. 

ANT.  Neglect,  omit,  aban- 
don, drop,  dismiss,  pass  by,  let 
go,  give  up,  throw  away,  up, 
or  over,  overlook. 

Endless.  Interminable,  bound- 
less, limitless,  infinite,  immeas- 
urable, illimitable;  everlasting, 
perpetual,  eternal,  unending, 
without  end;  incessant,  cease- 
less, uninterrupted,  continual, 
continuous;  immortal,  death- 
less, undying,  imperishable. 

ANT.  Limited,  brief,  tempo- 
rary, periodic,  transient,  fugi- 
tive, finite,  ephemeral,  transi- 
tory, temporal. 

Endow.  Furnish  with  dowry, 
enrich,  endue,  put  on,  invest, 
present,  furnish,  qualify,  sup- 
ply, clothe. 

ANT.  Denude,  deprive,  di- 
vest, spoliate,  strip,  impover- 
ish, despoil. 

Endowment.  Grant,  gift,  be- 
quest, bounty,  present,  largess, 
boon  :  property,  fund,  revenue ; 
talent,  faculty,  power,  quality, 
capability,  aptitude,  parts,  ge- 
nius, qualification,  ability;  at- 


[  97  ] 


end] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[eng 


tainment,    provision,    benefac- 
tion. 

ANT.  Poverty,  lack,  inca- 
pacity, impoverishment,  spoli- 
ation. 

Endure.  Suffer,  submit,  bear, 
tolerate,  allow,  sustain,  sup- 
port, undergo,  abide,  afford, 
brook ;  experience ;  continue, 
remain,  persist,  be  permanent. 
ANT.  Fail,  sink,  succumb, 
surrender,  yield,  break  down, 
despair,  droop,  faint,  fall,  fal- 
ter, give  out,  give  up. 

Enemy.  Adversary,  competitor, 
foe,  opponent,  rival,  antagonist. 
ANT.  Abettor,  ally,  friend, 
accomplice,  supporter,  helper, 
accessory,  associate,  compan- 
ion, familiar,  confidant,  adher- 
ent. 

Energetic.  Vigorous,  active, 
forcible,  powerful,  effective,  po- 
tent, efficacious,  efficient,  able, 
capable. 

ANT.  Weak,  languid,  faint, 
drooping,  pining,  exhausted, 
feeble;  listless,  spiritless,  inac- 
tive. 

Energy.  Agility,  activity,  force, 
power,  potency,  strength,  inten- 
sity, vigor,  might,  efficacy,  effi- 
ciency; spirit,  animation,  life, 
manliness,  animal  spirits, 
zeal. 

ANT.  Indolence,  slowness, 
sloth,  clumsiness,  lassitude,  in- 
activity, sluggishness,  heavi- 
ness, inertness,  laziness. 

Enervate.     Unnerve,  weaken,  en- 
feeble,   debilitate,    effeminate; 
break,  paralyze;   incapacitate. 
ANT.    Invigorate,  strengthen, 
harden,  nerve,  brace,  empower. 

Enfeeble.  Enervate,  weaken,  de- 
bilitate, unnerve. 

ANT.  Strengthen,  nerve,  in- 
vigorate, brace. 

Enfold.  Envelop,  wrap,  enclose, 
embrace,  encircle,  encompass. 


ANT.     Disclose,  unwrap,  de- 
velop, reveal,  expose. 

Enforce.  Urge,  impress,  com- 
pel, constrain,  oblige,  force,  re- 
quire, exact,  exert,  strain. 

ANT.    Relax,  abandon,  remit, 
waive,  forego. 

Enforcement.  Inculcation,  ex- 
ecution, sanction,  constraint, 
compulsion. 

ANT.     Relaxation,   abandon- 
went,  remission. 

Enfranchise.     Endow  with  fran- 
chise or  suffrage;  free,  emanci- 
pate, release,  qualify,  manumit. 
ANT.       Disenfranchise,     dis- 
qualify. 

Engage.  Promise,  bind,  pledge, 
commit;  plight,  affiance,  be- 
troth ;  enlist,  induce  to  serve ; 
attract,  allure,  gain,  win,  enter- 
tain; arrest,  fix,  occupy,  busy, 
employ,  engross;  encounter,  at- 
tack, fight  with,  battle  with; 
contend,  struggle,  contest;  in- 
volve ;  stipulate,  agree ;  adopt. 
ANT.  Decline,  refuse,  i&ith- 
draio,  extricate,  disengage, 
dismiss,  discard;  retreat,  re- 
tract. 

Engagement.  Promise,  stipu- 
lation, contract,  obligation, 
assurance,  pledge ;  betrothal, 
affiancing ;  employment,  occu- 
pation, business,  vocation ;  com- 
bat, battle,  contest,  fight,  en- 
counter, action,  conflict. 

ANT.       Release,     liberation; 
dismissal;  excuse. 

Engaging.  Attractive,  winning, 
charming,  pleasing,  interesting, 
delightful. 

ANT.      Repulsive,    unattrac- 
tive, disagreeable. 

Engender.  Beget,  generate,  cre- 
ate, breed,  produce,  cause,  occa- 
sion, propagate. 

ANT.     Stifle,  destroy,  extin- 
guish, blioht.  prevent,  neutral- 


eng] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[eno 


Engrave.  Carve,  cut,  chisel,  im- 
print, cut  in,  infix,  grave,  im- 
press deeply;  sculpture,  stereo- 
type. 

ANT.  Erase,  obliterate,  wear 
out,  efface,  destroy;  carve  in  re- 
lief. 

Engross.  Absorb,  engage,  mo- 
nopolize, engulf,  occupy,  fore- 
stall; copy. 

ANT.  Distract,  disperse,  dis- 
sipate, scatter,  vanish. 

Enhance.  Heighten,  swell,  raise 
the  price  of,  advance ;  augment, 
increase ;  aggrandize. 

ANT.  Undervalue,  depreciate, 
disparage,  detract,  underesti- 
mate. 

Enigmatic,  Enigmatical.  Ob- 
scure, puzzling,  hidden,  myste- 
rious, perplexing,  unintelligible, 
ambiguous,  recondite,  incom- 
prehensible, mystical,  occult. 

ANT.  Plain,  clear,  manifest, 
self-evident,  lucid,  explanatory, 
open,  intelligible. 

Enjoin.  Urge,  admonish,  advise, 
order,  direct,  command,  bid,  re- 
quire; prohibit,  restrain;  com- 
mission, ordain,  oblige,  pre- 
scribe. 

ANT.  Dissuade;  remit,  ab- 
solve, exonerate;  recall,  dis- 
pense with,  disqitalif'f. 

Enjoy.  Possess;  delight  in,  like, 
be  pleased  with. 

ANT.  Dislike,  loathe,  endure, 
tolerate,  lose,  disrelish. 

Enjoyment.  Pleasure,  delight, 
happiness,  gratification ;  frui- 
tion ;  possession ;  satisfaction, 
gladness,  felicity. 

ANT.  Misery,  wretchedness, 
grief,  affliction,  suffering,  ca- 
lamity. 

Enlarge.  Amplify,  augment,  in- 
crease, extend,  expand,  mag- 
nify; make  greater,  ennoble; 
dilate,  descant,  expatiate; 
swell,  grow. 


ANT.  Contract,  narrow,  re- 
duce, diminish,  restrict,  lessen, 
curtail. 

Enlighten.  Illuminate,  light 
up;  inform,  teach,  edify,  make 
intelligent,  instruct. 

ANT.  Dark-en,  obscure;  mys- 
tify, mislead,  perplex,  con- 
found. 

Enlist.  Enroll,  register,  incor- 
porate, enter,  embody,  record, 
chronicle,  muster. 

ANT.  Erase,  expunge,  with- 
draw, dismiss,  disband,  muster 
out. 

Enliven.  Amuse,  quicken,  ani- 
mate, rouse,  invigorate,  in- 
spire, inspirit,  cheer,  delight, 
gladden,  exhilarate. 

ANT.  Depress,  dispirit,  sub- 
due, sober,  moderate,  oppress, 
weary,  paralyze,  deaden,  tire, 
stupefy. 

Enmity.  Hatred,  hostility,  ma- 
lice, rancor,  animosity,  antago- 
nism, acrimony,  bitterness,  ill 
will,  malevolence,  spite,  malig- 
nity, maliciousness,  opposition, 
asperity,  aversion,  hate,  dis- 
cord. 

ANT.  Friendship,  love,  affec- 
tion, esteem,  cordiality,  amity, 
alliance,  concord,  agreement,  re- 
gard, harmony,  sympathy,  kind- 
liness, kindness. 

Ennoble.  Dignify,  elevate,  ex- 
alt, ameliorate,  enlarge,  make 
great. 

ANT.  Debase,  degrade,  dete- 
riorate, depress,  deprave,  cor- 
rupt, vitiate. 

Enormity.  Depravity,  atrocity, 
wickedness,  villainy,  outrng- 
eousness,  heinousness,  nefari- 
ousness,  abomination,  perpetra- 
tion, sin. 

ANT.  Innocence,  righteous- 
ness, guilelessness,  inoffensive- 
ness. 

Enormous.   Huge,  vast,  immense, 


•no] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[ent 


immoderate,  inordinate,  abnor- 
mal, exceptional,  monstrous,  gi- 
gantic, colossal,  prodigious,  ele- 
phantine ;  heinous,  depraved, 
nefarious. 

ANT.  Trivial,  insignificant, 
ordinary,  average,  diminutive, 
moderate. 

Enough.  Sufficient,  plenty,  sat- 
isfactory, ample,  abundant. 

ANT.  Insufficient,  short,  in- 
adequate, scant,  ill-supplied, 
tare. 

Enrage.  Exasperate,  provoke, 
irritate,  madden,  incite,  in- 
cense, inflame,  infuriate,  excite, 
aggravate,  anger. 

ANT.  Soothe,  conciliate,  al- 
lay, tame,  quiet,  mollify,  ap- 
pease, pacify,  tranquilize. 

Enrapture.  Enchant,  entrance, 
enravish,  delight,  transport, 
beatify,  satisfy,  please,  glad- 
den, fascinate,  bewitch,  capti- 
vate, charm,  attract,  enamor, 
enslave. 

ANT.  Disgust,  nauseate,  re- 
pel, torment,  torture,  horrify. 

Enrich.  Aggrandize,  enhance, 
endow,  augment,  store,  supply ; 
adorn,  decorate,  ornament,  em- 
bellish; fertilize. 

ANT.  Impoverish,  rob,  de- 
nude, fleece,  reduce,  beggar,  de- 
spoil, strip. 

Enroll.  Enlist,  register,  record, 
chronicle,  embody,  list,  cata- 
logue. 

ANT.  Erase,  expunge,  with- 
draw. 

Enrolment.  Registration ;  reg- 
ister, record. 

ANT.  Omission;  withdrawal; 
erasure. 

Enshrine.  Treasure,  preserve, 
cherish,  embalm,  consecrate. 

ANT.  Lose,  misplace,  expose, 
destroy,  desecrate. 

Enslave.  Captivate,  charm,  en- 
thral, subjugate,  master,  domi- 


nate,   bewitch,    delight,    fasci- 
nate. 

ANT.  Repel,  disgust,  alien- 
ate; free. 

Ensue.  Follow,  result,  eventu- 
ate, succeed,  befall,  accrue,  hap- 
pen, take  place,  supervene; 
issue,  arise,  spring,  come. 

ANT.  Precede,  herald,  intro- 
duce; forewarn,  threaten,  pre- 
monish,  caution. 

Entail.  Transfer,  transmit,  fix, 
devolve,  involve,  bequeath,  de- 
mise, leave,  induce,  necessitate. 

ANT.  Prevent,  obviate,  nul- 
lify; neutralize;  estrange,  ali- 
enate, supersede. 

Entangle.  Implicate,  Involve, 
compromise,  entrap,  knot,  per- 
plex, embarrass,  confuse,  inter- 
twist, interweave,  intertwine. 

ANT.  Straighten,  extricate, 
disentangle,  unravel,  deliver. 
Enter.  Go  or  come  into;  pierce, 
penetrate;  begin,  commence; 
enroll,  inscribe,  chronicle,  note, 
register,  record ;  engage  in ;  em- 
bark, enlist,  join;  invade. 

ANT.  Depart,  leave,  issue, 
quit,  vacate;  go  out;  finish, 
end;  withdraw  from,  retire,  re- 
sign. 

Enterprise.  Adventure,  under- 
taking, effort,  attempt,  essay, 
endeavor,  trial,  experiment ;  en- 
ergy, activity,  readiness,  will- 
ingness; progress. 

ANT.  Routine,  monotony, 
humdrum,  matter-of-fact,  un- 
progressiveness  ;  caution,  inac- 
tivity. 

Enterprising.  Venturesome,  ad- 
venturous, daring,  audacious, 
bold;  prompt,  alert,  active,  en- 
ergetic, efficient,  spirited,  stren- 
uous, eager,  zealous,  stirring; 
progressive,  speculative. 

ANT.  Timid,  cautious,  in- 
active, fearful,  cowardly;  con- 
servative; wary,  prudent,  di»~ 


[  1001 


ent] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ent 


creet,  anxious,  careful,  thought- 
ful; indolent,  unenterprising, 
inactive,  unready,  laggard. 

Entertain.  Amuse,  interest,  di- 
vert, cheer,  delight,  recreate, 
beguile,  please,  occupy,  gratify, 
enliven,  disport;  consider,  pon- 
der; lodge,  treat  hospitably, 
cherish,  harbor,  hold,  receive. 
ANT.  Annoy,  tire,  bore,  dis- 

-  turb,  weary,  distract,  disquiet; 
refuse,  reject,  deny,  debar,  ex- 
clude, eject. 

Entertainment.  Delight,  diver- 
sion, amusement,  cheer,  enjoy- 
ment, pastime,  fun,  merriment, 
pleasure,  recreation,  sport,  hos- 
pitality, frolic,  reception,  lodg- 
ing. 

ANT.  Weariness,  work,  toil, 
ennui,  labor,  fatigue,  disturb- 
ance; refusal,  rejection. 

Enthrone.  Crown,  instal,  exalt, 
Olevate,  invest  with  power. 

ANT.  Dethrone,  depose,  de- 
base, degrade. 

Enthusiasm.  Ardor,  earnest- 
ness, excitement,  inspiration, 
frenzy,  vehemence,  warmth,  ec- 
stasy, passion,  zeal,  rapture, 
eagerness,  devotion,  fervency, 
fanaticism,  fervor,  intensity, 
transport. 

ANT.  Indifference,  caution, 
calmness,  prudence,  timidity, 
policy,  coldness,  dulness,  cal- 
culation, lukewarmness,  dead- 
ness,  callousness. 

Entice.  Lure,  attract,  seduce, 
coax,  persuade,  wheedle,  cajole, 
delude,  entrap,  decoy,  inveigle, 
lead  astray,  induce. 

ANT.  Warn,  hinder,  deter, 
repel,  admonish,  caution,  make 
aware. 

Entire.  Whole,  complete,  per- 
fect, unimpaired,  unbroken,  un- 
diminished,  undivided;  full,  in- 
tegral, thorough,  solid,  unal- 
loyed, plenary;  unmixed,  sheer, 


mere,  unmitigated,  pure;  total, 
absolute. 

ANT.  Partial,  incomplete, 
broken,  impaired,  alloyed,  lim- 
ited, divided,  defective,  mixed; 
relative. 

Entitle.  Name,  designate,  de- 
nominate, call,  style,  character- 
ize; christen;  enable,  fit,  em- 
power, qualify. 

ANT.     Disable,  disqualify. 
Entity.       Being,    essence,    exis- 
tence. 

ANT.      Nonentity,     chimera, 
phantom,    fantasy,    hallucina- 
tion. 
Entomb.     Bury,  inter,  inhume. 

ANT.  Exhume,  disinter. 
Entrance.  Approach,  doorway, 
opening,  door,  entry,  ingress, 
gate,  gateway,  inlet,  portal,  ac- 
cess, admission,  admittance,  en- 
tree, introduction,  penetration, 
avenue,  adit;  beginning,  com- 
mencement, initiation. 

ANT.  Departure,  egress,  re- 
fusal, exit,  withdrawal,  ejec- 
tion, exclusion,  expulsion,  re- 
jection. 

Entreat.  Beg,  supplicate,  solicit, 
beseech,  implore,  pray,  appeal, 
petition,  adjure,  crave,  impor- 
tune, enjoin,  urge. 

ANT.  Command,  insist,  bid, 
enjoin,  charge,  direct;  grant, 
heed,  hear,  answer,  respond. 
Entry.  Entrance,  ingress,  ac- 
cess; avenue,  passage,  hall,  in- 
let; minute,  note,  record,  regis- 
ter, memorandum ;  initiation, 
beginning. 

ANT.  Egress,  exit,  depart- 
ure; outlet,  vent;  misrecord, 
falsification,  blank,  omission; 
conclusion,  quittance,  disposal. 
Entwine.  Interlace,  weave,  en- 
twist,  wreathe  together  or 
round. 

ANT.  Disentwine,  dissever, 
untwist. 


[  101   ] 


enu] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[equ 


Enumerate.  Compute,  reckon, 
numerate,  number,  tell,  cite,  es- 
timate, recount,  specify,  detail, 
calculate,  rehearse,  recapitu- 
late. 

ANT.  Mingle,  jumble,  con- 
fuse; miscount,  misreclcon,  mis- 
calculate. 

Enunciate.  Announce,  proclaim, 
declare ;  pronounce,  syllable ; 
state,  propound,  articulate,  re- 
late, utter,  publish,  promulgate. 
ANT.  Mutter,  babble,  stam- 
mer. 

Envelop,  v.  Wrap,  surround,  en- 
circle, fold,  encompass,  cover, 
hide. 

ANT.  Expose,  unwrap,  re- 
veal, extract;  develop. 

Envenom.  Poison,  taint,  vitiate, 
infect,  pollute;  embitter;  en- 
rage, provoke,  exasperate,  irri- 
tate, madden,  inflame. 

ANT.  Purify,  disinfect;  de- 
light, please,  gratify. 

Envious.  Jealous,  suspicious, 
grudging. 

ANT.  Friendly,  kindly,  well- 
disposed,  trustful,  contented, 
satisfied. 

Environ.  Surround,  encircle,  en- 
compass, gird,  belt,  enclose,  en- 
velop; invest,  besiege,  hem  in, 
beset. 

Envoy.  Messenger  (in  diplo- 
matic service)  ;  ambassador, 
minister,  legate,  plenipotenti- 
ary. 

ANT.  Scout,  spy,  orderly 
(as  messengers  in  military  ser- 
vice). 

Envy.  Malice,  ill  will ;  jealousy, 
hate,  spite,  hatred,  grudging; 
chagrin,  discontent,  mortifica- 
tion. 

ANT.  Admiration,  good  will, 
regard,  esteem,  benevolence;  as- 
piration, emulation. 

Ephemeral.  Transient,  momen- 
tary, daily,  diurnal,  fleeting,  fu- 


gitive, brief,  evanescent,  transi- 
tory. 

ANT.  Permanent,  immortal, 
eternal,  lasting,  enduring,  per- 
petual, abiding,  persistent,  pe- 
rennial. 

Epigrammatic.  Pointed,  terse, 
laconic,  concise,  graphic. 

ANT.  Diffuse,  prolix,  point- 
less, copious,  circumlocutory, 
verbose,  periphrastic. 

Epitome.  Summary,  compend, 
abstract,  curtailment,  reduc- 
tion. 

ANT.  Expansion,  extension, 
amplification,  dilation. 

Equable.  Even,  uniform,  steady, 
regular,  proportionate,  smooth, 
easy,  invariable. 

ANT.  Variable,  fitful,  irregu~ 
lar,  disjointed,  desultory,  un- 
easy. 

Equal.  Like,  equivalent,  identi- 
cal, tantamount;  uniform,  reg- 
ular, even,  steady;  proportion- 
ate, commensurate;  impartial, 
unbiased;  competent,  fit,  ade- 
quate, sufficient;  fair,  equit- 
able, just. 

ANT.  Dissimilar,  unsteady, 
incommensurate,  irregular,  dis- 
proportionate; incompetent,  in- 
adequate; unjust,  unfair;  vari- 
able, disparate. 

Equality.  Likeness,  uniformity, 
identity,  evenness,  equableness, 
sameness  of  rank. 

ANT.  Dissimilarity,  differ- 
ence. 

Equanimity.  Composure,  calm- 
ness, tranquillity,  steadiness, 
serenity. 

ANT.  Impatience,  perturba- 
tion, restlessness,  disquiet. 

Equip.  Accouter,  arm,  provide, 
furnish,  fit  out,  supply,  dress, 
array,  garnish,  arrange,  invest, 
clothe. 

ANT.  Divest,  denude,  dis- 
mantle, despoil,  derange. 


[  102 


equ] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[err 


Equipage.  Carriage,  retinue, 
vehicle,  attendance,  procession, 
suite,  train ;  equipment,  furni- 
ture, baggage,  effects. 

Equipment.  Accouterments,  ap- 
paratus, furnishings,  dress,  rig- 
ging, trappings,  gear,  outfit, 
provisions,  equipage,  arms,  sup- 
plies. 

Equitable.  Upright,  just,  im- 
partial, unbiased,  unprejudiced, 
reasonable,  fair,  right,  proper, 
honest,  even-handed,  propor- 
tionate. 

ANT.  Unfair,  unjust,  unrea- 
sonable, partial,  prepossessed, 
prejudiced,  biased. 

Equity.  Justice,  right,  upright- 
ness, rectitude,  fairness,  impar- 
tiality, fair  play,  honesty,  in- 
tegrity. 

ANT.  Injustice,  corruption, 
dishonesty,  partiality,  unfair- 
ness, prejudice. 

Equivalent.  Equal,  equipollent, 
tantamount;  synonymous,  in- 
terchangeable, equiponderant. 

ANT.  Unequal,  incommensu- 
rate, uneven,  unbalanced. 

Equivocal.  Ambiguous,  indefi- 
nite, enigmatical,  dubious,  un- 
certain, doubtful,  questionable, 
perplexing,  indeterminate,  in- 
distinct, suspicious. 

ANT.  Evident,  clear,  plain,  di- 
rect, manifest,  obvious,  indubi- 
table, unquestionable,  perspic- 
uous, unambiguous,  lucid,  dis- 
tinct, certain,  indisputable. 

Eradicate.  Abolish,  extinguish, 
exterminate,  extirpate,  uproot, 
destroy,  annihilate,  excise. 

^NT.  Cherish,  encourage,  in- 
stil, propagate,  implant,  incul- 
cate, inspire,  foster. 

Erase.  Efface,  expunge,  cancel, 
obliterate,  blot  out,  scratch 
out. 

ANT.  Mark,  delineate,  ivrite, 
inscribe,  imprint,  engrave. 


Erect,  a.  Upright,  standing,  ele- 
vated; bold,  undaunted,  firm. 

ANT.  Leaning,  lying,  supine; 
groveling,  abject;  mean,  servile, 
coicardly. 

Erect,  v.  Raise,  uplift,  place  or 
set  upright,  build,  construct; 
exalt,  elevate,  magnify;  estab- 
lish, institute,  form,  found, 
plant. 

ANT.  Lower,  incline,  slant; 
subvert,  depress,  remove,  de- 
stroy, demolish;  debase,  de- 
grade. 

Err.  Deviate,  wander,  ramble, 
rove;  mistake,  misjudge,  blun- 
der; sin,  fall,  lapse,  trip,  offend, 
trespass,  misapprehend,  stray, 
stumble,  go  astray. 

ANT.  Succeed,  prosper;  cor- 
rect, rectify. 

Errand.  Message,  mandate,  com- 
mission, mission,  charge,  dele- 
gation. 

ANT.  Misannouncement,  mis- 
delivery. 

Erratic.  Wandering,  nomadic, 
roving,  rambling;  planetary, 
moving ;  irregular,  eccentric, 
abnormal ;  desultory,  aberrant, 
flighty,  changeful,  capricious. 

ANT.  Static,  stationary;  un- 
der iating,  steady,  regular,  nor- 
mal; unalterable,  methodical, 
calculable. 

Erring.  Sinful,  fallible,  liable 
to  err,  wandering,  misguided, 
misled. 

ANT.  Virtuous,  good,  up- 
right. 

Error.  Blunder,  mistake,  misap- 
prehension, oversight,  inaccu- 
racy; sin,  fault,  offense,  trans- 
gression, iniquity,  trespass,  de- 
linquency, misdeed,  shortcom- 
ing, wrongdoing ;  deception, 
fallacy,  untruth,  falsity,  hallu- 
cination. 

ANT.  Truth,  correctness,  ac- 
curacy; correction, 


[  103  ] 


'eru] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[eti 


rectification;  exactness,  verifi- 
cation. 

Erudition.  Knowledge,  learn- 
ing, lore,  scholarship,  letters. 

ANT.  Illiterateness,  dunce- 
dom,  sciolism,  ignorance,  stu- 
pidity. 

Eruption.  Explosion,  outbreak, 
outburst;  sally,  sudden  excur- 
sion; discharge,  eructation,  ex- 
sufnation,  ejection. 

ANT.  Absorption,  swallow- 
ing, engulfing,  engrossment,  ir- 
ruption, inburst;  consumption, 
devouring. 

Escape.  Avoid,  shun,  evade,  flee 
from,  elude;  pass  unobserved; 
abscond,  fly,  hide. 

ANT.  Incur,  encounter,  meet, 
confront;  suffer. 

Esoteric.  Private,  secret,  acroa- 
matic,  inner,  inmost;  abstruse, 
profound ;  special,  advanced. 

ANT.  Exoteric,  public,  popu- 
lar; rudimentary,  primary,  ele- 
mentary. 

Essence.  Nature,  quintessence, 
substance,  vital  part,  element; 
volatile  part,  extract ;  perfume ; 
scent,  odor ;  being,  existence,  en- 
tity, life. 

ANT.  Accident;  property; 
garb,  clothing,  surroundings. 

Essential.  Vital,  necessary,  in- 
dispensable, requisite,  impor- 
tant; volatile,  pure,  diffusible, 
highly  rectified;  innate,  inher- 
ent, immanent,  leading. 

ANT.  Accidental,  induced,  im- 
ported, adventitious;  quantita- 
tive, qualitative;  promotive,  re- 
dundant, regulative,  superflu- 
ous. 

Establish.  Fix,  settle,  make 
steadfast;  decree,  enact,  or- 
dain; institute,  originate,  con- 
stitute, found,  plant,  organize, 
form;  place,  secure,  set  up; 
confirm,  sanction,  ratify,  ap- 
prove; verify,  prove,  substanti- 


ate;    fulfil,    carry    out,    make 
good;  endow;  demonstrate. 

ANT.  Unsettle,  supplant,  dis- 
establish, break  up,  subvert,  up- 
set; misstate,  refute,  confute; 
guess,  conjecture,  presume,  sup- 
pose, surmise. 

Estate.  State,  condition;  rank, 
position;  property,  possessions, 
fortune,  effects;  class,  division, 
order;  lands,  demesne,  domain, 
freehold. 

ANT.  State,  country,  chat- 
tels, community,  waste,  goods, 
effects. 

Esteem,  n.  Estimate,  favor,  re- 
gard, respect,  estimation;  ad- 
miration. 

ANT.  Aversion,  hatred,  dis- 
like, contempt,  abhorrence,  an- 
tipathy, repugnance,  loathing. 

Esteem,  v.  Estimate,  hold,  re- 
gard, prize,  value,  think,  ap- 
preciate, deem,  calculate,  con- 
sider; price;  believe,  affect; 
revere,  honor,  respect,  admire, 
venerate,  love,  like. 

ANT.  Disregard,  depreciate, 
undervalue,  dislike,  misprize, 
underrate,  decry. 

Estimable.  Appreciable,  calcu- 
lable, computable;  worthy,  ex- 
cellent, good,  deserving,  meri- 
torious; amiable,  lovable,  de- 
lectable, praiseworthy. 

ANT.  Unworthy,  bad,  inde- 
lectable,  unamiable;  undeserv- 
ing, unlovable. 

Eternal.  Immortal,  perpetual, 
fadeless,  perennial,  unfailing, 
imperishable,  endless,  everlast- 
ing, ever-living,  interminable, 
never-ending,  never-fading,  un- 
ceasing, timeless,  undying,  un- 
ending, unfading;  infinite. 

ANT.  Ephemeral,  transient, 
fleeting,  mortal,  temporal,  tran- 
sitory, evanescent,  sublunary. 

Etiquette.  Manners,  breeding, 
fashion,  conventionality. 


[  104 


eup] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[evi 


ANT.  Misobservance,  non- 
conformance,  boorishness,  rude- 
ness, singularity. 

Euphonious.  Euphonic,  melli- 
fluous, clear,  musical,  silvery, 
sweet-toned,  melodious,  harmo- 
nious, mellow. 

ANT.  Harsh,  discordant,  dis- 
sonant. 

Euphuism.  Purism,  finical  style, 
fastidious  delicacy,  affected 
elegance,  high-flown  diction, 
pompous  or  extravagantly  or- 
nate diction;  affectation,  facti- 
tiousness,  pedantry,  highflying 
(used  of  language). 

ANT.  Simplicity,  vernacu- 
lar, mother-tongue,  bluntness, 
naturalness,  rusticity. 

Evacuate.  Empty;  eject,  expel, 
excrete,  throw  out,  discharge, 
void;  quit,  leave,  forsake,  de- 
sert, abandon,  withdraw  from, 
relinquish. 
ANT.  Seize,  occupy,  hold,  fill. 

Evaporate.  Vaporize,  disperse 
in  vapor;  disappear,  evanesce, 
vanish;  exhale,  emit  in  vapor; 
turn  to  vapor ;  melt,  colliquate, 
liquefy,  dissolve,  distil. 

ANT.  Consolidate,  compact, 
solidify,  crystallize,  indurate. 

Evasion.  Prevarication,  equivo- 
cation, quibbling,  subterfuge, 
shuffling,  sophistry,  tergiversa- 
tion, disingenuousness ;  shift, 
quibble,  fencing. 

ANT.  Answer,  counter-argu- 
ment, grappling;  straightfor- 
wardness; challenge. 

Even.  Smooth,  level,  hat,  plane ; 
equal,  uniform,  calm,  steady, 
unruffled;  fair,  just,  equitable; 
plain,  flush ;  well-balanced. 

ANT.  Variable,  uneven;  ab- 
rupt, inclined,  rugged. 

Event.  Circumstance,  chance, 
incident,  fortune,  result,  possi- 
bility, sequel,  outcome,  fact, 
episode,  end,  contingency,  case, 


issue,  consequence;  occurrence, 
adventure,  accident. 

ANT.  Cause,  antecedent,  op- 
eration, inducement,  contribu- 
tion, convergence,  tendency,  pre- 
disposition. 

Eventful.  Stirring,  memorable, 
signal,  momentous,  important, 
critical,  remarkable,  marked, 
noted,  notable. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  unmarked, 
eventless,  uninteresting,  unim- 
portant, characterless,  trivial. 
Ever.  At  any  time ;  always,  per- 
petually, continually,  evermore, 
eternally,  aye,  for  aye,  forever, 
at  all  times;  constantly,  inces- 
santly. 

ANT.     Never. 

Everlasting.  Endless,  unending, 
perpetual,  incessant,  ceaseless, 
continual,  uninterrupted,  un- 
ceasing, interminable,  eternal, 
constant,  never-ending,  never- 
ceasing;  imperishable,  undying, 
never-dying,  deathless,  immor- 
tal, ever-living;  infinite. 

ANT.  Ephemeral,  transient, 
transitory. 

Every.  All,  any,  both,  either, 
each. 

ANT.  None,  no  one,  not  any 
one. 

Evict.  Dispossess,  eject,  throw 
out. 

ANT.  Reinstate,  admit;  Zo- 
cate,  lodge,  settle. 
Evidence.  Testimony,  ground  of 
belief,  proof;  manifestation,  at- 
traction, testimony,  averment, 
deposition,  declaration,  appear- 
ance, sign,  token,  indication,  ex- 
emplification, illustration. 

ANT.  Surmise,  conjecture; 
counter-evidence;  refutation, 
disproof;  concealment,  misin- 
dication,  suppression,  fallacy. 
Evident.  Patent,  clear,  palpa- 
ble, manifest,  transparent,  via- 
ible,  perceptible,  obvious,  open, 


105  ] 


€Vi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[exc 


conspicuous,  apparent,  distinct, 
discernible,  indubitable,  overt, 
plain,  unmistakable,  tangible; 
indisputable,  incontrovertible. 
ANT.  Doubtful,  uncertain, 
questionable,  dubious;  hidden, 
concealed,  secret,  undiscovered, 
obscure,  latent,  unseen,  unim- 
agined,  unknown;  covert,  dark, 
invisible ;  impenetrable,  occult, 
impalpable,  imperceptible,  un- 
thought  of. 

il,  a.  Ill,  noxious,  deleteri- 
ous, wrong,  bad,  hurtful,  mis- 
chievous, sinful,  unhappy,  ad- 
verse, unpropitious,  harmful, 
wicked,  corrupt,  unfair,  notori- 
ous, miserable,  sorrowful. 

ANT.  Wholesome,  right,  vir- 
tuous, beneficial,  holy,  pure,  fe- 
licitous, happy,  fortunate,  joy- 
ous, welcome,  grateful,  worthy, 
good,  honorable. 

Evince.  Prove,  show,  evidence, 
exhibit,  manifest,  demonstrate ; 
establish;  indicate,  display. 

ANT.  Suppress,  negative, 
disprove,  conceal. 

Evoke.  Summon,  call  forth; 
excite,  arouse,  elicit,  rouse,  pro- 
voke, educe,  produce;  elimi- 
nate, extract. 

ANT.  Allay,  stifle,  stop,  si- 
lence, prevent,  seal. 

Exactly.  Precisely,  accurately, 
strictly,  nicely. 

ANT.  Loosely,  inaccurately, 
incorrectly,  differently. 

Exaggerate.  Overstate,  strain, 
overcharge,  stretch,  overcolor; 
amplify,  enlarge,  magnify,  over- 
draw, heighten,  overpaint,  over- 
estimate. 

ANT.  Disparage,  attenuate, 
palliate,  understate,  underesti- 
mate, minimize,  mitigate,  qual- 
ify, soften,  modify. 

Examine.  Inspect,  observe,  in- 
vestigate, scrutinize,  consider, 
Btudy;  canvass,  test,  inquire 


into,  search  into,  look  into; 
weigh,  ponder,  criticize,  prove, 
discuss,  overhaul,  explore. 

ANT.  Conjecture,  guess;  dis- 
card, slur;  misconsider,  misin- 
vestigate. 

Example.  Model,  pattern,  ideal, 
archetype,  exemplar,  standard, 
sample,  specimen,  type,  warn- 
ing, ensample,  exemplification, 
prototype;  copy,  illustration, 
instance;  issue,  development. 

ANT.  Stock,  material,  sub- 
stance, laio,  rule,  case,  system, 
character,  principle,  quality. 

Excavate.  Hollow,  dig,  scoop 
out,  cut,  trench;  discover,  dis- 
inter. 

ANT.  Inter,  inhume,  bury; 
conceal;  fill,  level. 

Except,  prep.  Excepting,  with- 
out, saving,  unless,  exclusive 
of. 

Except,  v.  Exclude,  save,  bar; 
segregate,  negative. 

ANT.  Include,  reckon,  count, 
state,  classify,  propound,  ad- 
mit, affirm. 

Exception.  Exclusion,  omission, 
non-inclusion;  objection;  af- 
front, offense;  unusual  case, 
anomaly;  qualification,  sepa- 
ration. 

ANT.  Rule,  class;  statement, 
proposition. 

Exceptionable.  Undesirable,  ob- 
jectionable. 

ANT.  Unobjectionable,  de- 
sirable, exemplary. 

Exceptional.  Irregular,  rare, 
unusual,  uncommon,  unnatural, 
peculiar,  anomalous,  abnormal, 
aberrant,  exceptive. 

ANT.  Common,  usual,  nor- 
mal, ordinary,  regular. 

Excess.  Surplus,  waste,  extrav- 
agance, wastefulness,  superflu- 
ity, lavishness,  exorbitance,  su- 
perabundance, dissipation,  in- 
temperance, profusion,  procli- 


[   106  ] 


exc] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[exe 


gality,    redundance;     increase, 
debauchery. 

ANT.  Frugality,  economy; 
dearth,  deficiency,  defect,  want, 
shortcoming,  lack,  need,  pov- 
erty;  failure,  destitution,  inad- 
equacy, insufficiency,  scanti- 
ness; temperance,  sobriety. 

Excessive.  Superabundant,  dis- 
proportionate, undue,  exuber- 
ant, superfluous ;  immoderate, 
intemperate,  extreme ;  violent, 
vehement;  enormous,  exorbi- 
tant, overmuch,  inordinate,  un- 
reasonable, extravagant. 

ANT.  Insufficient,  scant,  in- 
adequate, lacking,  wanting,  de- 
ficient. 

Excitability.  Sensibility,  sen- 
sitiveness; irritability,  irasci- 
bility, passionateness. 

ANT.  Immobility,  hebetude, 
composure;  insensitiveness,  im- 
perturbability. 

Excommunicate.  Dismiss,  ex- 
pel, denounce,  proscribe,  anath- 


ematize, exscind;  exclude,  ban- 
ish, bar,  eject,  blackball. 

ANT.  Admit,  readmit,  enroll, 
inaugurate. 

Excrescence.  Tumor,  protuber- 
ance; superfluity,  useless  ap- 
pendage; redundancy. 

ANT.  Eradication,  extirpa- 
tion, excision,  levigation,  exsec- 
tion. 

Excruciate.  Torture,  torment, 
rack,  agonize. 

ANT.  Soothe,  please,  tran- 
quilize. 

Exculpate.  Absolve,  exonerate, 
acquit,  clear,  set  right,  vindi- 
cate; defend,  release. 

ANT.     Charge,  implicate,  in- 
culpate. 
Excursion.     Trip,  ramble,  tour, 

jaunt,  journey,  expedition. 
Excusable.     Pardonable,  venial. 
ANT.       Inexcusable,    unpar- 
donable. 


Excuse,  v.  Pardon,  forgive,  ab- 
solve, acquit,  exonerate,  excul- 
pate; extenuate,  justify;  free, 
exempt,  release,  let  off;  over- 
look, regard  indulgently,  con- 
done; remit,  vindicate,  defend, 
mitigate. 

ANT.  Charge,  condemn,  tn- 
culpate,  convict,  sentence;  ex- 
act, accuse. 

Execrable.  Detestable,  cursed, 
loathsome,  accursed,  villainous, 
hateful,  abominable,  damnable, 
diabolical,  odious,  abhorrent; 
offensive,  disgusting,  nauseous, 
obnoxious,  repulsive,  revolting, 
vile. 

ANT.  Desirable,  respectable, 
laudable,  eligible. 

Execration.  Curse,  malediction, 
ban,  anathema,  imprecation  of 
evil ;  detestation,  abhorrence, 
horror,  loathing,  abomination; 
denunciation. 
ANT.  Benediction,  blessing. 

Execute.     Administer,  perform, 


enforce,  carry  out,  do. 

ANT.    Fail,  be  lacking,  disap- 
point. 

Exemplary.  Laudable,  praise- 
worthy, excellent,  correct,  esti- 
mable, worthy,  virtuous;  pat- 
ternlike,  close,  faithful,  exact, 
scrupulous,  assiduous,  punctil- 
ious, rigid,  punctual,  rigorous; 
worthy  of  imitation,  fit  for  a 
pattern. 

ANT.     Detestable,  objection- 
able, exceptionable. 

Exemplify.  Illustrate,  show  by 
example ;  manifest,  embody,  ex- 
hibit, represent. 

ANT.     Belie,  betray,  misrep- 
resent, falsify. 

Exempt,  v.  Relieve,  set  free,  re- 
lease, grant  immunity  to,  ex- 
cuse, exonerate,  except. 

ANT.    Subject,  render  liable, 
bind,  oblige ;  expose. 

Exempt,  o.     Free,  irresponsible, 

[  107  ] 


«xe] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


liberated,  clear,  absolved,  priv- 
ileged, unamenable. 

ANT.  Liable,  subject,  amen- 
able, responsible. 

Exemption.  Immunity,  privi- 
lege, exception,  release,  freedom 
from  liability;  dispensation,  li- 
cense. 

ANT.  Liability,  amenable- 
ness,  responsibility,  subjection, 
obligation. 

Exercise,  n.  Application,  drill, 
employment,  exertion ;  prac- 
tice, training;  occupation,  use; 
performance,  operation,  act,  ac- 
tivity, action. 

ANT.  Inaction,  idleness,  re- 
laxation, rest,  inactivity;  ease, 
recreation. 

Exertion.  Use,  exercise;  effort, 
endeavor,  struggle,  trial,  at- 
tempt, stretch,  strain;  labor, 
toil. 

ANT.  Relaxation,  rest,  rec- 
reation. 

Exhalation.  Evaporation ;  va- 
por, fume,  steam,  smoke,  fog, 
reek;  mist,  damp,  effluvium. 

ANT.  Inhalation,  exsicca- 
tion, absorption. 

Exhale.  Emit,  breathe  out,  give 
out,  evaporate ;  vaporize. 

ANT.  Inhale,  breathe  in,  in- 
spire. 

Exhaust.  Drain,  empty,  expend, 
spend,  waste,  consume,  squan- 
der, lavish,  dissipate,  destroy; 
prostrate,  cripple,  weaken,  de- 
bilitate, enervate,  disable,  wear 
out,  weary. 

ANT.  Fill,  replenish,  aug- 
ment, refresh,  invigorate. 

Exhibit.  Show,  display;  mani- 
fest, express,  disclose,  indicate, 
make  known,  evince ;  offer,  pre- 
sent, propose;  betray;  demon- 
strate, illustrate. 

ANT.  Conceal,  mask,  hide, 
secrete,  suppress. 

Exhibition.      Sight,   representa- 


tion, pageant,  display,  manifes- 
tation, show. 

Exhilarate.  Cheer,  enliven,  in- 
spire, inspirit,  stimulate,  ani- 
mate, elate,  gladden;  rejoice, 
delight,  please. 

ANT.  Depress,  unnerve,  un- 
hinge, dispirit. 

Exhort.  Urge,  stimulate,  per- 
suade, incite,  encourage;  ad- 
vise, counsel,  enjoin. 

ANT.  Dissuade,  warn,  depre- 
cate, remonstrate. 

Exigency.  Demand,  urgency, 
need,  necessity,  requirement, 
want;  pressure,  crisis,  emer- 
gency, juncture,  quandary;  con- 
juncture, pass,  pinch,  strait. 

ANT.  Provision,  rule,  sup- 
ply, course,  preparation. 

Exile,  n.  Banishment,  expulsion, 
ostracism,  proscription,  expatri- 
ation; separation,  isolation; 
banished  person. 

ANT.  Welcome,  return;  re- 
maining; cherishing,  fostering, 
retaining. 

Exile,  v.  Banish,  expatriate,  os- 
tracize, expel,  proscribe,  rele- 
gate. 

ANT.  Welcome,  reinstate,  do- 
mesticate, domiciliate. 

Existence.  Being,  subsistence; 
entity,  essence,  creature,  thing; 
life,  animation;  continuation, 
duration. 

ANT.  Nonentity,  non-exist- 
ence, chimera. 

Expand.  Open,  spread  out;  di- 
late, enlarge,  stretch,  distend; 
swell,  diffuse,  extend,  increase; 
develop,  unfold,  amplify. 

ANT.  Contract,  curtail,  con- 
dense, restrict,  attenuate. 

Expanse.  Extent,  stretch,  ex- 
pansion ;  firmament,  sky,  can- 
opy, vault,  welkin;  vast,  void, 
space,  breadth. 

ANT.  Limit,  enclosure,  con- 
fine, bound. 


108  ] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[exp 


Expatiate.  Rove,  range;  dilate, 
enlarge,  descant,  be  copious, 
launch  out,  amplify. 

ANT.  Contract,  summarize, 
condense,  epitomize. 

Expect.  Await,  look  for;  anti- 
cipate, rely  upon,  count  upon, 
reckon  or  calculate  upon,  look 
forward  to;  look  for,  forecast, 
forebode,  foresee. 

ANT.  Welcome,  greet,  hail, 
recognize;  realize. 

Expectation.  Anticipation,  ex- 
pectance, prospect,  expectancy; 
reliance,  confidence,  assurance, 
presumption;  trust,  hope. 

ANT.  Recollection,  remem- 
brance, retrospect ;  distrust,  de- 
spair, discouragement. 

Expediency.  Fitness,  propriety, 
suitableness,  desirableness,  ad- 
visability ;  advantage,  utility, 
profit,  usefulness ;  profitable- 
ness, advantageousness ;  inter- 
est. 

ANT.  Disadvantage,  detri- 
ment, inutility,  inexpediency. 

Expedition.  Haste,  speed,  celer- 
ity, despatch,  alertness,  prompt- 
ness, alacrity,  quickness ;  enter- 
prise, undertaking;  march,  voy- 
age. 

ANT.  Delay,  tardiness,  pro- 
crastination. 

Expend.  Disburse,  spend,  lay 
out;  use,  exert,  consume,  em- 
ploy; waste,  exhaust,  spread, 
scatter,  dissipate. 

ANT.  Save,  economize,  hus- 
band. 

Expense.  Expenditure,  outgo, 
cost,  outlay ;  price,  charge,  pay- 
ment. 

ANT.  Income,  gain,  proceeds, 
return,  profit,  product,  receipts. 

Expensive.  Dear,  costly,  high- 
priced;  lavish,  wasteful,  ex- 
travagant; valuable,  rich. 

ANT.  Cheap,  worthless,  poor; 
economical. 


Experience,  n.  Actual  observa- 
tion, feeling,  or  presentation; 
practice,  experimental  knowl- 
edge;  experiment,  trial,  proof, 
test,  knowledge,  habit. 

ANT.  Anticipation,  expecta- 
tion. 

Experience,  v.  Feel,  undergo, 
prove  by  trial,  endure,  suffer, 
be  subject  to;  try,  encounter. 

ANT.  Evade,  escape,  lose, 
miss. 

Experienced.  Practiced,  versed, 
accomplished,  able,  qualified,  in- 
structed, thoroughbred;  famil- 
iar, skilled,  accustomed,  con- 
versant. 

ANT.  Inexperienced,  strange^ 
unpracticed. 

Experiment.  Trial,  test,  assay, 
examination,  proof,  touchstone, 
ordeal ;  observation,  investiga- 
tion, experimentation;  illustra- 
tion, exemplification. 

ANT.  Hypothesis,  conjecture, 
assumption. 

Explain.  Elucidate,  expound,  in- 
terpret, unfold,  clear  up,  make 
plain;  account  for,  make  intel- 
ligible, give  the  reasons  for, 
solve,  warrant,  trace  to  causes, 
justify;  teach,  decipher. 

ANT.  Mystify,  bewilder,  ob- 
scure, darken,  misinterpret. 
Explanation.  Elucidation,  in- 
terpretation, exposition,  illus- 
tration, description,  explica- 
tion; solution,  warrant,  justi- 
fication, account,  key;  mutual 
understanding;  sense. 

ANT.  Confusion,  misinter- 
pretation, mystification,  obscu- 
ration. 

Explicit.  Express,  clear,  plain, 
definite,  positive,  unambiguous, 
unreserved,  categorical,  deter- 
minate; detailed,  declaratory, 
unobscure,  stated. 

ANT.  Ambiguous,  doubtful* 
indefinite,  uncertain,  vague,  im- 


[  109  ] 


exp] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[ext 


plied,  implicit,  indeterminate; 
hinted,  suggestive,  obscure. 

Exponent.  Index,  indication,  ex- 
ample, type,  representative,  il- 
lustration, specimen;  advocate, 
interpreter,  propounder. 

ANT.  System,  creed,  prin- 
ciple, opinion. 

Export,  v.     Send  out,  carry  out, 
send  abroad,  ship,  produce. 
ANT.    Import;  consume. 

Exposed.  Unprotected,  defense- 
less, unguarded,  endangered. 

ANT.  Guarded,  defended,  pro- 
tected. 

Expostulate.  Object,  dissuade, 
remonstrate. 

ANT.  Abet,  coincide,  agree, 
confirm. 

Express,  v.  Squeeze  out;  utter, 
declare,  assert,  speak;  repre- 
sent, indicate,  show,  signify,  ex- 
hibit, denote,  intimate;  send  by 
express. 

ANT.  Suppress,  repress,  con- 
ceal. 

Express,  a.  Explicit,  clear,  defi- 
nite, plain,  determinate,  posi- 
tive, categorical;  exact,  accu- 
rate, faithful,  true,  close,  pre- 
cise; special,  particular;  swift, 
rapid,  fast;  specific,  pointed, 
direct. 

ANT.  General;  vague;  leis- 
urely; inaccurate,  inexact,  ap- 
proximate. 

Expression.  Squeezing  out;  as- 
sertion, statement,  utterance, 
declaration;  phrase,  mode  of 
speech,  term ;  general  tone,  per- 
vading effect,  look,  cast  of  coun- 
tenance; lively  representation; 
modulation,  feeling,  execution; 
indication. 

ANT.  Suppression,  restraint, 
repression ;  face,  features,  line- 
ament;  falsification,  misstate- 
ment,  solecism,  enigma. 

Expunge.  Erase,  efface,  oblit- 
erate, cancel,  blot  out,  delete. 


ANT.  Mark,  write,  trace,  de- 
lineate. 

Exquisite.  Nice,  accurate,  deli- 
cate,  discriminating,  exact,  re- 
fined ;  precious,  valuable,  select, 
choice,  rare,  excellent;  perfect, 
complete,  matchless,  consum- 
mate; keen,  poignant,  acute,  in- 
tense; delicious. 

ANT.  Common,  coarse,  ordi- 
nary; unrefined. 

Extemporaneous.  Improvised, 
unpremeditated,  extempore,  im- 
promptu, extemporary,  offhand. 

ANT.  Prepared,  studied,  pre- 
meditated, read,  written,  elabo- 
rated; rehearsed,  recited. 
Extend.  Stretch,  reach ;  prolong, 
continue,  lengthen,  protract; 
expand,  dilate,  enlarge,  widen, 
augment,  increase;  diffuse;  im- 
part, give,  offer,  yield ;  amplify, 
avail,  apply. 

ANT.  Contract,  restrict,  cur- 
tail, limit,  narrow,  reduce,  con- 
dense; miss,  fail. 
Extent.  Expanse,  amplitude,  ex- 
tension ;  volume,  bulk,  magni- 
tude, size;  stretch,  reach,  com- 
pass, length;  degree,  distance, 
quantity. 

ANT.  Limitation,  diminu- 
tion, restriction. 

Extenuate.  Lessen,  diminish, 
reduce;  palliate,  mitigate,  ex- 
cuse, qualify,  apologize  for. 

ANT.  Enhance,  aggravate, 
heighten. 

Exterior,  a.  Outward,  external, 
outer,  outside,  superficial;  for- 
eign, extrinsic,  from  without. 

ANT.  Inner,  internal,  do- 
mestic, inward. 

Exterminate.  Eradicate,  over- 
throw, uproot,  expel,  extirpate, 
annihilate,  banish,  destroy,  re- 
move, root  out,  wipe  out. 

ANT.  Augment,  breed,  cher- 
ish, develop,  increase,  populate, 
replenish,  settle,  plant,  fostert 


[  110  J 


ext] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ext 


propagate,   colonize,   build  up, 
beget. 

Extermination.  Extirpation, 
annihilation,  eradication,  abo- 
lition, destruction,  extinction, 
excision,  elimination. 

ANT.  Settlement,  replenish- 
ment, augmentation,  coloniza- 
tion, population,  propagation, 
increase. 

External.  Outward,  outer,  ex- 
terior, outside,  superficial;  for- 
eign, extrinsic;  visible,  appar- 
ent; manifest,  palpable. 

ANT.  Inner,  internal,  intes- 
tine, inmost,  hidden,  non-ap- 
parent. 

Extinction.  Destruction,  anni- 
hilation, extirpation,  extermi- 
nation, abolition ;  extinguish- 
ment; stifling,  death,  suffoca- 
tion, cessation,  obsolescence. 

ANT.  Inception,  origination, 
birth,  course,  life,  operation, 
action,  exercise,  continuance, 
prosperity,  survival. 

Extinguish.  Quench ;  ,  destroy, 
suppress,  put  down ;  extirpate, 
abolish,  eradicate,  kill,  annihi- 
late, put  out. 

ANT.  Replenish,  replant,  im- 
plant, cherish,  propagate,  pro- 
mote, invigorate,  establish,  con- 
firm, secure. 

Extort.  Exact,  wrest,  wrench, 
wring  out,  force;  despoil,  ex- 
press, fleece,  squeeze  out,  ex- 
tract. 

ANT.  Coax,  cheat,  wheedle, 
cajole. 

Extortionate.  Oppressive,  ex- 
acting, severe,  hard,  harsh;  ex- 
orbitant, close-fisted,  rigorous, 
monstrous,  preposterous. 

ANT.  Liberal,  bountiful,  in- 
dulgent, fair,  moderate,  reason- 
able. 

Extract,  n.  Selection,  excerpt, 
passage,  citation,  quotation. 

Extract,    v.      Draw,    pull,    take 


out;  derive,  select,  quote,  cite; 
determine,  find;  educe,  elicit, 
gather,  collect,  extort. 

ANT.  Insert,  replace,  incor- 
porate, restore,  reinsert,  im- 
pose. 

Extraneous.  Foreign,  extrinsic; 
non-pertinent,  not  germane,  un- 
essential, superfluous ;  uncon- 
nected, alien,  unrelated,  adven- 
titious, ascititious. 

ANT.  Intrinsic,  vital,  inter- 
nal, connected,  essential. 

Extraordinary.  Unusual,  re- 
markable, uncommon,  singular, 
signal,  egregious,  rare,  extra; 
unwonted,  peculiar,  wonderful, 
unprecedented,  marvelous,  pro- 
digious, monstrous,  preposter- 
ous, strange. 

ANT.  Common,  usual,  fre- 
quent, wonted,  unremarkable, 
unimportant,  ordinary. 

Extravagance.  Excess,  exorbi- 
tance, enormity,  unreasonable- 
ness, preposterousness;  wild- 
ness,  folly,  absurdity,  irreg- 
ularity; prodigality,  lavish  ex- 
penditure, profusion,  waste. 

ANT.  Carefulness,  economy, 
frugality,  saving,  provision, 
prudence,  foresight. 

Extravagant.  Excessive,  inor- 
dinate, unreasonable,  prepos- 
terous, exorbitant;  wild,  fool- 
ish, absurd,  irregular;  lavish, 
profuse,  wasteful,  spendthrift, 
prodigal. 

ANT.  Sound,  sober,  consis- 
tent, fair,  rational,  economical, 
frugal,  careful,  regular,  usual. 

Extreme.  Utmost,  farthest,  ut- 
termost, outermost;  greatest, 
highest;  last,  final,  ultimate; 
extravagant,  immoderate,  ex- 
cessive, unreasonable ;  remote, 
terminal,  distant,  most  violent. 
ANT.  Initial,  primal,  judi- 
cious, moderate. 

Extremity.     End,  Terge,  termi- 


exu] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[fao 


nation,  edge,  border,   extreme, 
utmost  point ;  close,  conclusion. 

ANT.  Beginning,  commence- 
ment, opening,  center,  origin, 
"bulk,  body. 

Exudation.     Ooze,  drip,  percola- 
tion, excretion,  secretion. 

ANT.  Absorption,  parching, 
aridity. 


Exultant.  Exulting,  jubilant, 
triumphant,  elated,  joyous, 
transported. 

ANT.      Mournful,   dispirited, 
depressed. 

Exultation.      Elation,    joy,   tri- 
umph,   delight,    transport,    ec- 
stasy. 
ANT.     Mourning,  depression. 


P 


fable.  Story,  myth,  legend,  al- 
legory, apologue;  plot,  action, 
series  of  events;  fiction,  false- 
hood, lie,  untruth,  fabrication, 
forgery,  invention,  figment;  ro- 
mance, parable,  novel. 

ANT.  History,  fact,  narra- 
tive. 

Fabric.  Building,  structure,  edi- 
fice, pile;  texture,  make,  work- 
manship, conformation;  manu- 
factured cloth,  woven  stuff; 
work,  construction,  tissue,  web. 
ANT.  Destruction,  disman- 
tlement, demolition,  fragment, 
wreck,  tatters,  ruin,  shreds, 
rags. 

Fabricate.  Build,  frame,  con- 
struct ;  make,  manufacture ; 
forge,  invent,  coin,  feign;  form, 
falsify,  produce,  devise,  misrep- 
resent. 

ANT.  Demolish,  tear,  spoil, 
dismember,  destroy,  narrate, 
lacerate,  copy,  represent,  re- 
peat, portray. 

Fabulous.  Invented,  fabricated, 
feigned,  unreal,  coined,  ficti- 
tious ;  incredible,  pretended,  im- 
aginary, false,  monstrous. 

ANT.  Real,  actual,  historic, 
authentic,  fair,  true,  reason- 
able. 

Facetious.  Witty,  jocose,  jocu- 
lar, humorous,  waggish,  funny, 
comical,  pleasant,  droll;  gay, 


merry,   sportive,   lively,   enter- 
taining, sprightly;  playful. 

ANT.  Matter-of-fact,  heavy, 
dull,  grave,  serious,  saturnine, 
somber,  lugubrious. 

Facile.  Docile,  easy,  mild,  cour- 
teous, affable,  complaisant,  ap- 
proachable ;  pliant,  pliable,  duc- 
tile, flexible,  yielding,  tractable, 
manageable,  compliant;  ready, 
dexterous;  indulgent,  weak,  ir- 
resolute, characterless. 

ANT.  Resolute,  sturdy,  ob- 
stinate, determined,  inflexible, 
crusty,  self-willed,  self-reliant, 
independent. 

Facility.  Easiness,  ease ;  readi- 
ness, dexterity,  expertness,  abil- 
ity, knack;  condescension,  ur- 
banity, affability,  civility,  com- 
plaisance, politeness;  pliancy, 
flexibility,  ductility;  appliance, 
convenience,  means,  advantage, 
resource;  quickness,  adroitness. 
ANT.  Effort,  awkwardness, 
labor,  difficulty. 

Fact.  Occurrence,  event,  deed, 
incident,  act,  performance,  cir- 
cumstance ;  reality,  actuality, 
certainty,  truth. 

ANT.  Fiction,  supposition, 
unreality,  falsehood,  chimera, 
lie,  delusion,  invention,  halluci- 
nation, romance. 

Factious.  Turbulent,  refractory, 
seditious,  rebellious,  recalci- 


r  112 


fac] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


[fal 


trant,     litigious,     adversative, 
malcontent. 

ANT.  Genial,  complaisant, 
agreeable,  loyal,  harmonious, 
public- spirited,  sympathetic,  co- 
operative, auxiliary. 

Factitious.  Artificial;  euphuis- 
tic,  affected,  finical,  cramped, 
conventional,  spurious. 

ANT.  Natural,  genial,  unaf- 
fected, pure,  genuine,  truthful. 

Fade.  Vanish,  evanesce,  disap- 
pear, pass  away;  decline,  lan- 
guish, droop,  decay,  wither; 
lose  color,  grow  dim,  blanch, 
bleach,  fall,  sink,  dwindle,  pale, 
change,  set,  etiolate,  fail. 

ANT.  Rise,  increase,  bloom, 
grow,  flourish,  endure,  abide, 
last,  stand. 

Fag.  Droop,  sink,  grow  weary, 
flag;  drudge,  toil;  do  menial 
service,  tire,  fatigue,  jade,  ex- 
haust; work,  slave. 

ANT.  Idle,  lounge,  dawdle; 
strike;  bask. 

Pail.  Fall  short,  be  insufficient, 
be  deficient;  decline,  sink,  de- 
cay, wane,  fade,  break,  give  out; 
cease,  disappear,  become  ex- 
tinct; miss,  miscarry,  be  un- 
successful, miss  fire,  be  frus- 
trated; omit,  neglect;  break, 
become  insolvent,  suspend  pay- 
ment; trip,  lose. 

ANT.  Succeed,  exceed,  sur- 
pass, achieve,  abound,  yield,  ex- 
cel. 

Paint.  Weak,  exhausted,  worn, 
listless,  languid,  wearied,  dim, 
feeble,  fatigued,  faint-hearted, 
faded,  faltering,  half-hearted, 
irresolute,  purposeless,  timid, 
ill-defined,  indistinct;  unener- 
getic ;  obscure,  inconspicuous. 
ANT.  Prominent,  marked, 
glaring ;  resolute,  sturdy,  vigor- 
ous, strong,  fresh,  hearty,  dar- 
ing, energetic;  clear,  brilliant, 
bright,  conspicuous. 


Fair.  Spotless,  unspotted,  un- 
blemished, unstained,  untar- 
nished; white,  light,  blond; 
handsome,  comely,  beautiful ; 
pleasant,  clear,  cloudless,  un- 
clouded; favorable,  prosperous; 
promising,  hopeful;  open,  dis- 
tinct, plain,  unobstructed,  un- 
encumbered; frank,  honest,  in- 
genuous, candid,  noble,  honor- 
able, upright,  impartial ;  rea- 
sonable, proper,  equitable,  just ; 
passable,  tolerable,  above  medi- 
ocrity; serene. 

ANT.  Lowering,  dull,  foul, 
ugly,  disfigured,  fraudulent,  un- 
fair, dishonorable. 

Faith.  Creed,  doctrine,  assur- 
ance, belief,  confidence,  assent, 
credence,  opinion,  trust,  credit, 
reliance. 

ANT.  Distrust,  disbelief,  dis- 
sent, doubt,  incredulity,  infidel- 
ity, misgiving,  skepticism,  un- 
belief, suspicion,  rejection. 

Faithful.  Firm,  loyal,  devoted, 
stanch,  sure,  true,  trustworthy, 
trusty,  unwavering,  incorrupt- 
ible; attached;  accurate,  close, 
consistent,  correspondent,  ex- 
act, equivalent. 

ANT.  Inaccurate,  inexact; 
faithless,  false,  fickle,  untrue, 
wavering,  untrustworthy,  ca- 
pricious. 

Fall.  Drop,  descend,  sink ;  lapse, 
droop,  gravitate ;  fall  down,  be 
prostrated;  be  lowered,  be  de- 
pressed; decrease,  decline,  be 
diminished,  die  away,  sin,  err, 
transgress,  trip,  trespass;  die, 
perish;  empty,  be  discharged, 
flow;  happen,  befall,  come;  be- 
come, get;  pass,  be  transferred; 
be  dropped,  be  uttered  care- 
lessly. 

ANT.  Rise,  soar,  mount,  re- 
cover, climb,  ascend. 

Fallacy.  Illusion,  deception,  de- 
ceit, delusion,  mistake,  misap- 


[  113  ] 


fal] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fan 


prehension,  error,  misconcep- 
tion; sophism,  sophistry,  para- 
logism, deceitful  argument. 

ANT.  Truth,  logic,  proof,  pos- 
tulate, argument,  verity,  fact, 
axiom,  soundness. 

Fallible.     Erring,  uncertain,  ig- 
norant, weak,  frail,  imperfect. 
ANT.    Certain,  infallible,  un- 
erring, omniscient. 

Fallow.  Pale  red  or  pale  yellow ; 
untilled,  unsowed,  neglected ; 
inert,  inactive,  dormant;  quies- 
cent, idle,  uncultivated,  unpro- 
ductive. 

ANT.  Cultivated,  tilled,  pro- 
ductive, worked,  sown,  prolific, 
operative,  fruitful. 

False.  Untrue,  mendacious,  un- 
veracious,  lying;  dishonest, 
perfidious,  treacherous,  faith- 
less, disloyal,  dishonorable,  dis- 
ingenuous, double-tongued, 
false-hearted,  double-faced,  two- 
faced;  untrustworthy,  untruth- 
ful, unreliable,  truthless;  spu- 
rious, counterfeit,  forged,  not 
genuine,  feigned,  sham,  hypo- 
critical, make-believe ;  incor- 
rect, improper,  erroneous,  un- 
founded, wrong;  fallacious,  de- 
ceptive, deceiving,  deceitful,  de- 
lusive, misleading,  disappoint- 
ing; sophistical,  mock,  bogus, 
fabricated,  unfaithful. 

ANT.  True,  sound,  correct, 
authentic,  real,  genuine,  candid, 
conclusive,  honorable,  faithful. 

Falsehood.  Falsity,  lie,  fabrica- 
tion, untruth,  fiction,  fib;  im- 
posture, counterfeit,  cheat;  fal- 
lacy, error,  sophistry,  forgery, 
deception. 

ANT.  Truth,  verity,  correct- 
ness, fact,  genuineness,  honesty, 
honor,  reality,  authenticity. 

Falsify.  Misrepresent,  counter- 
feit, belie,  misstate,  garble;  dis- 
prove, show  unsound;  violate; 
mistake,  misinterpret,  betray. 


ANT.  Verify,  rectify,  correct, 
check,  certify,  justify,  expose, 
declare,  exhibit,  publish. 

Falter.  Hesitate,  stutter,  stam- 
mer; fail,  quiver,  tremble,  tot- 
ter; waver,  be  undecided,  show 
weakness;  halt,  slip,  dubitate, 
demur,  flinch,  vacillate. 

ANT.  Proceed,  speed,  flow, 
run,  discourse,  determine,  per- 
severe, resolve. 

Fame.  Celebrity,  honor,  laurels, 
distinction,  notoriety,  renown, 
reputation,  repute,  glory,  emi- 
nence, credit;  report,  tidings, 
rumor,  bruit,  news. 

ANT.  Silence,  suppression, 
hush;  dishonor,  discredit,  hu- 
miliation, infamy,  shame,  ob- 
scurity, contempt,  contumely, 
disgrace,  disrepute,  ignominy, 
oblivion. 

Familiar.  Conversant,  well-ac- 
quainted, well-versed;  intimate, 
close,  near,  friendly,  fraternal, 
cordial,  amicable;  social,  acces- 
sible, sociable,  affable,  kindly, 
courteous,  civil,  companionable, 
conversible ;  unceremonious,  un- 
constrained, free,  easy,  infor- 
mal ;  well-known ;  household, 
frank,  everyday,  accustomed. 

ANT.  Uncommon,  rare,  ex- 
traordinary, strange,  unaccus- 
tomed,  unacquainted,  new,  un~ 
familiar,  inconversant. 

Famous.  Celebrated,  renowned, 
distinguished,  remarkable,  far- 
famed,  eminent,  noted,  illustri- 
ous, glorious. 

ANT.  Unknown,  unsung,  in* 
glorious,  obscure,  forgotten. 

Fanatic.  Enthusiast,  zealot,  vi- 
sionary, bigot. 

ANT.  Skeptic,  unbeliever, 
cynic. 

Fanaticism.     Intolerance,  super- 
stition, bigotry,  credulity;  en- 
thusiasm, frenzy. 
ANT.     Skepticism,  cynicism, 


t  H4  2 


fan] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fat 


indifference,  free-thinking,  lati- 
tudinarianism  :  disbelief,  pro- 
fanity; disrt.  (;t;i'd,  coldness. 

Fanciful.  Fantastic,  grotesque, 
visionary,  imaginative,  chimer- 
ical ;  unreal,  eccentric,  quaint, 
imaginary,  freakish,  erroneous, 
humorsome,  capricious,  fitful, 
erratic,  whimsical,  absurd. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  usual,  regu- 
lar, commonplace,  real,  accu- 
rate, literal,  prosaic,  reason- 
able, sensible,  solid,  sure,  true, 
sound,  calculable,  calculated; 
natural,  sober,  truthful,  cor- 
rect. 

Fancy.  Imagination,  whim,  va- 
gary, caprice,  belief,  conceit, 
conception,  desire,  humor,  idea, 
image,  inclination,  mood,  lik- 
ing, predilection,  supposition; 
thought,  notion. 

ANT.  Certainty,  fact,  real- 
ity, truth,  verity,  actuality;  ob- 
ject, subject,  thought,  law,  or- 
der; aversion,  horror. 

Farcical.  Droll,  absurd,  ridicu- 
lous, ludicrous;  comic,  funny, 
nonsensical,  pantomimic. 

ANT.  Grave,  serious,  tragic, 
solemn,  dismal,  ghastly,  fune- 
real. 

Fare.  Go,  travel,  journey,  pass; 
prosper,  be  treated,  prove,  hap- 
pen, turn  out,  be  situated;  be 
entertained,  feed;  live,  speed, 
do. 

ANT.  Toil,  fa-st,  fail,  droop, 
sink,  faint,  drop,  falter,  halt. 

Farewell.  Adieu,  good-by,  vale- 
dictory, leave-taking,  conge",  de- 
parture, parting. 

ANT.  Salutation,  welcome, 
greeting. 

Fashion.  Form,  shape,  figure, 
cut,  make,  model,  cast,  mold, 
pattern,  appearance,  configura- 
tion, conformation;  way,  man- 
ner, sort,  method;  usage,  cus- 
tom, style,  mode,  conventional- 


ity;   gentility;    guise,    charac- 
ter, practice,  ceremony. 

A>"T.  Person,  work,  speech, 
dress;  derangement,  formless- 
ness, shapelessness ;  outlandish- 
ness,  strangeness,  eccentricity. 
Fast,  a.  Fixed,  fastened,  close, 
tight;  firm,  immovable;  stead- 
fast, constant,  stanch;  fortified, 
strong,  impregnable;  profound, 
sound,  deep;  swift,  quick,  fleet, 
rapid;  wild,  reckless,  thriftless, 
dissipated,  thoughtless,  extrav- 
agant; secure,  stable,  unyield- 
ing, unswerving;  accelerated; 

gaj- 

ANT.  Insecure,  loose,  slow, 
tardy,  steady,  sober,  virtuous. 
Fasten.  Secure,  bind,  tie,  attach ; 
join,  unite,  connect,  hold  to- 
gether; hold  compact,  affix,  an- 
nex, grapple,  fix. 

ANT.  Undo,  loose,  sever,  re- 
lax, remove,  unfasten,  detach. 
Fastidious.  Dainty,  squeamish, 
difficult,  over  nice,  overdelicate, 
queasy,  critical ;  overrefined, 
censorious,  particular,  punctil- 
ious. 

ANT.  Indulgent,  uncritical, 
easy;  coarse ;  omnivorous. 
Fat.  Unctuous,  greasy,  fatty, 
oily;  plump,  fleshy,  obese,  cor- 
pulent, portly,  pursy;  coarse, 
heavy,  dull,  sluggish,  stupid; 
rich,  profitable,  lucrative;  pro- 
ductive, fertile,  fruitful;  luxu- 
riant, brawny;  stout;  oleagin- 
ous. 

ANT.  Lean,  slender,  attenu- 
ated, emaciated,  barren,  poor, 
scant;  marrowless;  anatomical. 
Fatal.  Deadly,  mortal,  lethal; 
destructive,  calamitous,  baleful, 
ruinous,  mischievous,  baneful, 
pernicious ;  fateful. 

ANT.  Beneficial,  wholesome, 
vitalizing,  restorative,  salubri- 
ous, nutritious,  slight,  super- 
ficial, harmless. 


fat] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[faw 


Fate.  Destiny,  destination,  in- 
evitable necessity,  fatality ;  lot, 
doom,  predetermined  event;  de- 
struction, death ;  final  event, 
ultimate  destruction;  fortune, 
end. 

ANT.  Will,  choice,  decision, 
independence,  freedom. 

Fathom,  v.  Sound ;  divine,  pene- 
trate, reach,  comprehend,  under- 
stand; gage,  pierce,  measure, 
probe. 

ANT.  Survey,  glance,  scan, 
miss,  skin,  graze,  overlook. 

Fathomless.  Bottomless,  pro- 
found, abysmal. 

ANT.  Superficial,  shallow, 
skin-deep. 

Fatigue,  n.  Weariness,  exhaus- 
tion, lassitude ;  labor,  hardship, 
toil;  languor,  enervation. 

ANT.  Freshness,  vigor,  inde- 
fatigability,  activity. 

Fatigue,  v.  Harass,  weary,  tire, 
jade,  exhaust,  fag. 

ANT.  Inspirit,  refresh,  en- 
liven, animate. 

Fatuity.  Foolishness,  imbecil- 
ity, idiocy;  folly,  madness,  ab- 
surdity, infatuation. 

ANT.  Wisdom,  sense,  sound- 
ness, sobriety,  discernment. 

Fault.  Defect,  blemish,  imper- 
fection, flaw,  weakness,  failing, 
frailty;  misdeed,  misdemeanor, 
offense,  trespass,  wrong,  trans- 
gression, delinquency,  indiscre- 
tion; slip,  error,  lapse;  failure, 
omission,  want,  drawback. 

ANT.  Perfection,  sufficiency, 
correctness,  completeness. 

Faultless.  Without  blemish,  per- 
fect ;  innocent,  guileless,  blame- 
less, sinless,  spotless,  immacu- 
late, guiltless,  stainless;  com- 
plete, correct,  accurate. 

ANT.  Incomplete,  imperfect, 
incorrect,  defective,  inaccurate, 
corrupt,  faulty,  erroneous. 

Faulty.      Bad,  defective,  imper- 


fect;   blamable,    blameworthy, 
culpable,   reprehensible. 

ANT.  Correct,  complete,  per- 
fect, accurate;  irreproachable, 
blameless,  unassailable. 

Favor,  n.  Kindness,  grace,  coun- 
tenance, friendliness,  good  will; 
benefit,  good  deed,  friendly 
turn ;  patronage,  champion- 
ship, support;  letter,  communi- 
cation, epistle;  gift,  present; 
decoration,  knot,  rosette;  per- 
mission, leave,  pardon;  advan- 
tage, preference,  boon;  conces- 
sion, predilection,  civility,  re- 
gard, condescension. 

ANT.  Refusal,  denial,  prohi~ 
bition,  disfavor,  withholding, 
withdrawal,  frown,  disapproval, 
injury,  discountenance. 

Favor,  v.  Befriend,  countenance, 
patronize,  encourage;  approve, 
regard  with  favor;  facilitate, 
be  propitious  to;  support,  help, 
aid,  assist;  humor,  indulge,  ex- 
tenuate, palliate,  ease,  spare; 
resemble,  look  like. 

ANT.  Refuse,  deny,  disap- 
prove, withdraw,  withhold,  pro- 
hibit, discountenance,  injure, 
harm. 

Favorable.  Kind,  friendly,  pro- 
pitious, willing,  auspicious; 
conducive,  contributing ;  bene- 
ficial, advantageous,  conveni- 
ent, suitable,  fit;  permissive, 
indulgent,  concessive,  partial, 
fond,  liberal. 

ANT.  Reluctant,  unpropi- 
tious,  unfavorable,  impartial. 

Favorite.  Dear,  beloved,  pet, 
darling. 

Favoritism.  Partiality,  invidi- 
ousness. 

ANT.  Odium,  prejudice;  im- 
partiality. 

Fawn  upon.  Flatter,  wheedle, 
cajole,  cringe,  palaver,  sla- 
ver. 

ANT.  Insult,  deride,  defy,  cen- 


[  116  ] 


fea] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fee 


sure,  dare,  satirize,  rebuke,  rep- 
rimand. 

Fealty.  Homage,  loyalty,  alle- 
giance ;  fidelity,  faithfulness, 
honor,  good  faith,  devotion. 

ANT.  Disloyalty,  treachery, 
infidelity,  disaffection,  shame, 
dishonor. 

Pear.  Dismay,  alarm,  horror, 
awe,  apprehension,  dread,  ter- 
ror, fright,  panic,  tremor,  tim- 
idity, trepidation,  trembling, 
affright,  consternation,  disquie- 
tude, misgiving,  anxiety,  solici- 
tude, concern;  veneration,  rev- 
erence. 

ANT.  Courage,  confidence, 
assurance,  fearlessness;  trust, 
boldness;  fortitude. 

Fearful.  Afraid,  apprehensive; 
timid,  nervous,  timorous,  faint- 
hearted, cowardly;  dreadful, 
terrible,  frightful,  dire;  awful; 
shocking,  terrific,  horrible;  hes- 
itating. 

ANT.  Venturesome,  auda- 
cious, bold,  confident,  consola- 
tory, inspiriting,  assuring;  at- 
tractive, alluring,  hopeful,  in- 
viting. 

Feasible.  Manageable,  possible, 
permissible,  practicable,  con- 
trivable. 

ANT.  Impossible,  unallow- 
able, impracticable. 

Feast.  Treat,  banquet,  regale- 
ment, entertainment,  carousal ; 
festival,  holiday;  delight,  en- 
joyment. 

ANT.  Starvation,  scarcity, 
want,  lack,  bareness,  scantiness. 

Featly.  Neatly,  cleverly,  dex- 
terously, adroitly. 

ANT.  Clumsily,  bunglingly, 
hardly. 

Feature.  Lineament,  cast  of  the 
face;  fashion,  make,  aspect,  ap- 
pearance, conformation ;  promi- 
nent part,  outline;  characteris- 
tic, trait,  point,  mark,  item, 


component,  element,  indication, 
portion,  sign. 

ANT.  Whole,  system,  coun- 
tenance; arrangement,  case; 
misindication,  misinformation, 
falsification;  blind,  mask,  dis- 
guise; excrescence. 

Federation.  Uniting,  federating, 
confederation,  union,  league, 
allying,  alliance,  coalition,  fed- 
eral compact,  confederacy,  com- 
bination. 

ANT.  Secession,  disunion,  te- 
dition,  mutiny,  disruption. 

Fee.  Pay,  reward,  recompense, 
compensation,  remuneration; 
feud,  fief,  fee-simple,  uncondi- 
tional tenure. 

Feeble.  Weak,  not  strong,  ener- 
vated, debilitated,  infirm,  lan- 
guid, sickly,  languishing,  de- 
clining, frail,  drooping;  faint, 
imperfect,  dim;  without  vigor, 
lacking  intensity;  wretched, 
poor,  dull,  forceless,  puny,  en- 
feebled, nerveless ;  incomplete, 
vain,  fruitless ;  scanty,  pitiable. 
ANT.  Strong,  robust,  active, 
successful,  effective;  abundant; 
powerful,  muscular;  forcible, 
cogent,  telling;  violent,  vehe- 
ment, ardent;  lusty,  hale,  vig- 
orous, hearty. 

Feed.  Give  food  to,  supply,  con- 
tribute to,  provide  for;  nour- 
ish, cherish,  sustain;  eat,  take 
food,  take  nourishment;  sustain 
life,  subsist. 

ANT.  Starve,  refuse,  deny, 
withhold,  take  away ;  impover- 
ish, steal  from;  diet,  abstain, 
refrain. 

Feel.  Perceive,  have  feeling;  be 
perceived ;  be  moved,  be  excited, 
be  stirred,  be  wrought  up,  be 
impressed;  touch,  handle;  ex- 
perience, suffer,  or  enjoy;  be 
affected  by,  be  moved  by ;  prove, 
sound,  try,  put  to  the  "test. 
ANT.  Be  hard  or  callous,  in- 


t  117  ] 


fee] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fer 


sensate,  apathetic,  dull,  numb, 
imperceivable,  indifferent,  un- 
susceptible, or  stoical. 

Feeling.  Sense  of  touch;  sensa- 
tion, perception  by  touch;  sen- 
sibility, emotion,  sentiment,  af- 
fection, passion,  impression ; 
tenderness,  susceptibility;  con- 
tact ;  pathos ;  consciousness, 
sensitiveness. 

ANT.  Callousness,  insensibil- 
ity, imperturbability,  inexcita- 
bility,  coldness,  insensateness. 

feign.  Invent,  imagine,  devise, 
forge,  fabricate ;  counterfeit,  af- 
fect, assume,  simulate,  pretend 
to. 

ANT.  Detect,  test,  unmask, 
refute,  verify,  substantiate. 

Felicitous.  Fit,  appropriate,  apt, 
pertinent,  seasonable,  oppor- 
tune, well-timed,  happy,  skil- 
ful, ingenious;  prosperous,  suc- 
cessful, fortunate,  lucky,  auspi- 
cious, propitious;  timely,  joy- 
ous. 

ANT.  Unhappy,  unfortunate, 
inauspicious,  untimely,  inop- 
portune, disastrous,  sad. 

Felicity.  Bliss,  blessedness,  hap- 
piness; aptness,  aptitude,  fit- 
ness, propriety,  felicitousness, 
suitableness;  success,  luck,  for- 
tune. 

ANT.  Ill  luck,  "bad  fortune, 
sorrow,  unhappiness,  disaster, 
misfortune;  sadness,  mourning, 
melancholy. 

Fell,  a.  Inhuman,  cruel,  barba- 
rous, relentless,  ruthless,  im- 
placable, unrelenting,  pitiless, 
malignant,  malicious,  malign, 
savage,  ferocious,  bloody,  blood- 
thirsty; direful,  merciless,  re- 
morseless, fierce,  truculent. 

ANT.  -Generous,  chivalrous, 
lenient,  humane,  propitious. 

Fell,  v.  Prostrate,  level,  bring  to 
the  ground,  hurl  down,  knock 
down;  cut  down,  hew  down,  lay 


low;    hem;    demolish,   subvert, 
waste,  bare. 

ANT.  Plant,  erect,  support ; 
stock,  upraise,  rear,  propagate. 

Fellow.  Associate,  companion, 
comrade;  equal,  peer,  compeer; 
mate,  match,  counterpart;  ad- 
herent, colleague,  member;  cor- 
relative, tally;  partner,  friend. 
ANT.  Foe,  opponent,  antago- 
nist, stranger,  mismatch,  oppo- 
site. 

Fellowship.  Companionship,  fa- 
miliarity, intimacy,  brother- 
hood, acquaintance;  participa- 
tion, partnership,  joint  inter- 
est; converse,  intercourse,  com- 
munion; sociability,  affability, 
kindliness ;  association,  com- 
pany; membership,  society. 

ANT.  Severance,  disconnec- 
tion, dismemberment;  non-in- 
tercourse. 

Felonious.  Malignant,  malign, 
malicious,  nefarious,  infamous, 
heinous,  atrocious,  cruel,  felon ; 
perfidious,  traitorous,  disloyal, 
base. 

ANT.  Legal,  constitutional, 
rightful,  regular ;  legitimate,  le- 
galized; permissible,  allowable; 
just,  proper. 

Feminine.  Female,  womanish, 
womanly,  effeminate;  delicate, 
tender,  modest,  soft. 

ANT.  Robust,  manly;  indeli- 
cate, unfeminine;  rough,  rude; 
masculine. 

Fen.  Marsh,  swamp,  bog,  moor, 
morass,  quagmire. 

Fence,  v.  Enclose,  guard,  fortify, 
defend,  circumscribe,  protect; 
elude,  parry,  stave. 

ANT.  Open,  disenclose;  re- 
ceive, catch,  suffer. 

Ferment,  n.  Yeast,  leaven,  fer- 
mentation ;  agitation,  commo- 
tion, tumult;  fever,  heat,  glow. 

Ferment,  v.  Set  in  fermentation ; 
excite,  agitate,  heat;  seethe, 


fer] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[fie 


concoct,  brew;  warm,  chafe;  ef- 
fervesce, rankle,  fester. 

ANT.  Damp,  cool;  dissipate; 
subside,  evaporate,  disperse; 
heal. 

Fertile.  Prolific,  fecund,  breed- 
ing, bearing;  fruitful,  produc- 
tive, rich,  plenteous,  luxuriant, 
exuberant,  teeming;  causative, 
conducive;  pregnant;  fraught, 
ingenious,  inventive. 

ANT.  Poor,  sterile,  barren, 
unproductive,  ineffective,  incon- 
dueive,  fruitless,  inoperative, 
un inventive,  unimaginative. 

Festive.  Convivial,  jovial,  joy- 
ous, gay,  merry,  mirthful,  fes- 
tival. 

ANT.  Solitary,  deserted,  as- 
cetic, gloomy. 

Fetid.  Stinking,  offensive,  rank, 
rancid,  malodorous,  mephitic, 
noisome,  foul,  strong-smelling, 
corrupt. 

ANT.  Inodorous,  fresh,  per- 
fumed, scented,  balmy. 

Fetter,  n.  Chains,  bondage,  cus- 
tody, durance,  duress,  manacles, 
irons,  shackles,  imprisonment, 
handcuffs,  gyves,  bonds. 

Fetter,  v.  Shackle,  clog,  hamper, 
trammel;  chain,  bind,  tie,  con- 
fine, restrain,  encumber;  man- 
acle, hinder,  impede. 

ANT.  Free,  liberate,  acceler- 
ate, expedite. 

Feud.  Contest,  controversy,  dis- 
pute, enmity,  hostility,  quar- 
rel, strife,  dissension,  affray, 
animosity,  bitterness,  broil,  con- 
tention, brawl,  fray ;  antipathy. 
ANT.  Friendliness,  congeni- 
ality, sympathy,  clanship,  paci- 
fication, reconciliation,  social- 
ity, neighbor  lines  s. 

Fever.  Heat,  flush,  excitement, 
agitation,  ferment;  ardor,  fer- 
vor, broil,  passion. 

ANT.  Coolness,  iciness,  fri- 
gidity; composure,  indifference. 


Few.  Not  many,  small  in  num- 
ber, hardly  any,  scarcely  any; 
scant,  rare,  lacking. 

ANT.  Many,  abundant,  nu- 
merous. 

Fiber.  Strength,  sinews,  thews, 
toughness;  thread,  staple,  pile, 
filament. 

ANT.  Laxity,  debility,  flab- 
biness. 

Fickle.  Wavering,  unsteady,  un- 
stable, inconstant,  variable,  vac- 
illating, volatile,  mercurial,  fit- 
ful, changeable,  irresolute,  un- 
settled, capricious,  fanciful,  un- 
reliable, mutable;  veering,  rest- 
less, shifting. 

ANT.  Sober,  orderly,  reliable, 
calculable,  well-regulated,  uni- 
form, steady,  trustworthy. 

Fiction.  Fable,  falsehood,  myth, 
invention,  novel,  romance,  fig- 
ment, story,  fabrication,  legend, 
allegory,  apologue ;  creation. 

ANT.  History,  fact,  literal- 
ness,  reality,  truth,  verity,  cer- 
tainty. 

Fictitious.  Feigned,  imaginary, 
invented,  unreal,  purely  ideal, 
fanciful ;  false,  counterfeit,  spu- 
rious, supposititious. 

ANT.  Real,  true,  historical, 
genuine,  authentic,  veritable. 

Fidelity.  Faithfulness,  devoted- 
ness,  devotion,  truth,  loyalty, 
true-heartedness,  fealty,  adher- 
ence to  duty;  accuracy,  close- 
ness, exactness,  truthfulness, 
precision,  attachment,  honesty, 
allegiance,  integrity. 

ANT.  Disloyalty,  treachery, 
untruthfulness,  disaffection,  in- 
accuracy, infidelity,  inexact- 
ness. 

Field.  Tract  of  land ;  battle-field, 
scene  of  war;  surface,  expanse, 
range,  scope;  province,  depart- 
ment, region,  realm,  domain; 
ground,  arena;  room,  opportu- 
nity. 


fie] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fin 


ANT.  Circumscription,  con- 
straint; interdiction,  exclusion, 
debarment. 

fierce.  Ravenous,  infuriate,  bar- 
barous, fell;  vehement,  turbu- 
lent, passionate,  uncurbed,  un- 
tamed, raging;  furious,  savage, 
ferocious,  fiery,  violent,  wild, 
impetuous ;  uncultivated,  un- 
trained. 

ANT.  Gentle,  harmless,  kind, 
patient,  submissive,  sweet,  ten- 
der, docile,  affectionate,  mild, 
peaceful,  tame;  calm. 

Fiery.  Hot,  ardent,  heated,  fer- 
vid, flaming,  glowing;  impetu- 
ous, vehement,  fierce,  passion- 
ate, impassioned;  irascible, 
choleric,  excited,  enkindled,  hot- 
blooded,  irritable. 

ANT.  Cold,  icy,  frigid,  chilly; 
indifferent,  phlegmatic,  pas- 
sionless, unimpassioned,  mild, 
tame;  extinguished,  quenched. 

Fight,  n.  Combat,  conflict,  con- 
test, battle,  struggle,  engage- 
ment, encounter,  action,  affair, 
fray,  affray,  brush;  broil,  riot; 
spirit,  fighting  temper;  resis- 
tance, disposition  to  struggle, 
contention. 

ANT.  Pacification,  reconcili- 
ation. 

Figurative.  Typical,  representa- 
tive, emblematical;  metaphori- 
cal, tropical ;  flowery,  florid,  or- 
nate; poetical,  rhetorical,  sym- 
bolical. 

ANT.  Literal,  prosaic,  unpo- 
etical,  unmetaphorical. 

Figure,  n.  Form,  shape,  config- 
uration, conformation,  outline; 
image,  likeness,  representation, 
^gy  5  appearance ;  pattern, 
design;  metaphor,  trope;  dia- 
gram, drawing;  price;  symbol, 
type,  emblem;  digit,  number, 
numeral,  character;  aspect,  de- 
lineation, condition,  illustra- 
tion. 


ANT.  Misrepresentation,  de- 
formity, disfigurement. 

Figure,  v.  Adorn,  variegate,  di- 
versify ;  represent,  signify,  typ- 
ify, symbolize ;  imagine,  image, 
conceive,  picture,  represent; 
calculate,  compute,  cipher;  ap- 
pear, act,  perform;  show  off, 
cut  a  dash. 

ANT.  Disfigure,  harm,  de- 
stray;  miscalculate,  mistake. 

File.  Rasp,  smooth,  finish;  plaea 
on  file;  polish;  perfect,  refine, 
improve. 

ANT.  Roughen,  jag,  acumi- 
nate, denticulate,  barb,  notch, 
cusp. 

Fill.  Make  full,  fill  up ;  pervade, 
occupy;  dilate,  expand,  stretch, 
distend;  store,  supply,  furnish, 
replenish,  stock;  satisfy,  con- 
tent, sate,  satiate,  cloy,  pall; 
occupy,  hold,  fulfil,  perform; 
become  full,  be  filled;  gorge,  ap- 
point, glut;  stuff;  rise;  swell, 
grow,  increase. 

ANT.  Exhaust,  drain,  dtt- 
satisfy,  deprive,  stint,  vacate; 
misappoint ;  subside,  ebb,  evap- 
orate, shrink,  diminish. 

Filter.  Strain,  ooze,  percolate, 
exude,  transude;  refine,  distil, 
leak;  purify,  cleanse,  depurate, 
defecate,  clarify. 

ANT.  Muddle,  disturb,  be- 
foul, thicken. 

Filthy.  Dirty,  nasty,  foul,  defiled, 
unclean,  squalid ;  impure,  cor- 
rupt, gross;  dingy,  unsanitary, 
unwholesome. 

ANT.  Pure,  sweet,  healthy, 
clean,  sanitary,  wholesome. 

Final.  Latest,  last,  eventual,  ul- 
timate ;  decisive,  conclusive,  de- 
finitive; terminal;  definite,  de- 
veloped. 

ANT.  Initiative,  open,  pro- 
gressive, continuous,  incipient, 
current,  unconeluded,  inchoate, 
inaugural,  nascent,  rudimental. 


[  120  ] 


•fin] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fit 


Find.  Discover,  fall  upon,  light 
upon,  meet;  obtain,  get,  pro- 
cure, gain,  arrive  at,  attain 
to;  observe,  remark,  perceive, 
notice,  discover ;  detect,  catch ; 
supply,  furnish,  provide,  contri- 
bute; determine  judicially,  de- 
clare by  verdict;  confront,  as- 
certain, experience,  invent. 

ANT.  Withdraw;  miss,  lose, 
elude,  withhold,  overlook,  mis- 
contrive. 

Fine,  n.  Forfeit,  penalty,  for- 
feiture, mulct,  amercement. 

Fine,  a.  Minute,  small,  commi- 
nuted, little ;  slender,  capillary, 
delicate;  thin,  tenuous,  subtile, 
attenuated;  light,  keen,  sharp; 
exquisite,  nice,  refined;  excel- 
lent, superior,  very  good;  bril- 
liant, accomplished;  beautiful, 
handsome,  splendid,  elegant; 
clear,  pure,  unadulterated;  gay, 
showy,  garish,  flashy,  filmy,  ar- 
tistic, choice,  finished,  high, 
grand,  noble,  generous,  honor- 
able, pretentious,  pretty,  os- 
tentatious; presumptuous,  cas- 
uistical. 

ANT.  Rough,  mean,  petty, 
unfinished;  illiberal,  unimpos- 
ing,  paltry ;  modest,  unaffected, 
affable;  plain-spoken,  categori- 
cal; unanaliitical,  unreflective ; 
coarse,  great,  heavy,  huge,  im- 
mense, large,  rude,  stout,  thick, 
blunt,  big,  clumsy. 

Finery.  Gewgaws,  trinkets,  or- 
naments, trimmings,  tawdri- 
ness,  decorations,  trappings,  be- 
dizenment,  tinsel,  trash,  dressi- 
ness. 

ANT.  Ornament,  dress,  deco- 
ration, adornment;  chasteness, 
sobriety,  simplicity. 

Finical.  Fastidious,  dainty,  over- 
particular, squeamish,  overnice, 
affected,  elegant;  dandyish,  fop- 
pish, spruce. 
ANT.     Effective,   unaffected, 


practical,  energetic,  real,  genu- 
ine, natural;  outspoken,  blunt, 
coarse,  rude. 

Finish,  v.  Accomplish,  execute, 
complete,  perform,  achieve,  do, 
get  done;  perfect,  polish,  elab- 
orate; end,  terminate,  close, 
conclude,  put  an  end  to ;  shape. 
ANT.  Start,  commence,  be- 
gin; fail,  undertake;  miscon- 
trive,  botch,  mar,  mismanage. 

Finished.  Perfect,  artistic,  re- 
fined, high. 

ANT.  Inartistic,  incomplete, 
poor,  rude,  coarse,  unfinished. 

Finite.  Bounded,  limited,  con- 
ditioned, contracted,  restricted 
terminated. 

ANT.  Infinite,  unlimited,  un- 
bounded. 

Fire.  Blaze,  burning,  conflagra- 
tion, flame,  combustion;  dis- 
charge ;  heat,  ardor,  fervor,  vio- 
lence, force,  passion,  impetuos- 
ity, fervency,  intensity,  anima- 
tion, vigor,  spirit,  enthusiasm; 
light,  luster,  radiance,  splen- 
dor; vivacity,  inspiration,  im- 
agination ;  torture,  affliction, 
trouble,  bitter  trial,  persecu- 
tion. 

First.  Foremost,  leading;  chief, 
highest,  principal,  capital;  ele- 
mentary, primary,  rudimen- 
tary; earliest;  primitive,  pri- 
meval, pristine ;  in  the  first 
place,  at  the  outset,  in  the  be- 
ginning, first  and  foremost; 
original,  onmost. 

ANT.  Subsequent,  secondary, 
subordinate,  subservient,  low- 
est, unimportant,  last,  hind- 
most. 

Fit,  a.  Competent,  fitted,  quali- 
fied ;  suitable,  appropriate,  apt, 
apposite,  meet,  seemly,  becom- 
ing, befitting,  proper,  good,  de- 
cent, convenient,  fitting,  deco- 
rous, adapted,  congruous,  pe- 
culiar, particular,  prepared,  ad- 


[  121  ] 


fit] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fit 


equate,  calculated,  ripe,  right, 
contrived,  expedient. 

ANT.  Awkward,  misfitting, 
ungainly,  ill-suited,  inappropri- 
ate, unseemly,  unprepared,  un- 
suitable, inadequate,  miscalcu- 
lated, miscontrived,  improper, 
unfit,  inexpedient. 

Fitful.  Variable,  irregular,  im- 
pulsive, spasmodic,  unstable, 
fickle,  whimsical,  fanciful,  ca- 
pricious, fantastic,  humorsome. 
odd;  eventful,  checkered;  rest- 
less, inconstant,  mutable,  desul- 
tory, unequal. 

ANT.  Regular,  equable,  or- 
derly, systematic,  calculable. 

Fix.  Set,  place,  establish,  plant, 
fasten,  make  firm;  attach,  tie, 
connect;  determine,  define,  ap- 
point, limit,  settle;  rivet,  direct 
steadily,  adjust;  solidify,  con- 
solidate; link,  locate,  root,  se- 
cure; decide. 

ANT.  Displace,  unsettle,  re- 
move, disarrange,  uproot,  trans- 
plant, transfer,  weaken,  shake, 
disestablish,  reverse,  disturb, 
change,  unfix. 

Flaccid.  Limber,  lax,  drooping, 
flabby,  soft,  limp,  yielding,  re- 
laxed, inelastic,  pendulous. 

ANT.  Firm,  braced,  plump, 
muscular,  chubby,  brawny,  vig- 
orous, strong,  powerful. 

Flag,  n.  Flagstone;  streamer, 
banner,  colors,  standard,  pen- 
non, pennant,  ensign,  gon- 
falon. 

Flag,  v.  Hang  loose,  droop ;  lan- 
guish, faint,  decline,  pine,  sink, 
succumb,  grow  weak,  become 
dejected;  pall,  grow  stale,  lose 
interest,  weary,  tire;  give  in. 

ANT.  Freshen,  flourish;  per- 
severe, hold,  brace  up,  struggle, 
persist,  battle,  recruit,  recover. 

Flagitious.  Atrocious,  heinous, 
flagrant,  scandalous,  villainous, 
corrupt,  abandoned,  profligate; 


enormous,  monstrous,  disgrace- 
ful, nefarious,  aggravated. 

ANT.  Creditable,  honorable, 
noble,  meritorious,  justifiable, 
distinguished,  extenuated,  ex- 
cusable, pardonable. 

Flaring.  Flaming,  glaring,  con- 
spicuous, bright,  gaudy,  over- 
colored,  flaunting,  flashy,  os- 
tentatious, showy,  tawdry. 

ANT.  Subdued,  toned,  har- 
monized, dull,  dim,  dingy,  neu- 
tral, dowdy,  colorless. 

Flat,  a.  Level,  horizontal;  even, 
plane,  smooth;  low,  prostrate, 
laid  low;  dull,  lifeless,  spirit- 
less, unanimated,  frigid,  tame, 
prosaic,  uninteresting;  point- 
less; vapid,  tasteless,  insipid, 
stale,  dead,  jejune ;  peremptory, 
absolute,  positive;  downright, 
mawkish. 

ANT.  Animated,  exciting,  in- 
teresting, thrilling,  sensational, 
emotional,  melodramatic. 

Flaunt.  Wave  ostentatiously,  in- 
solently, brazenly,  or  boldly; 
display,  vaunt,  flourish,  toss, 
disport,  boast;  flout,  flounce, 
flutter,  parade,  figure. 

ANT.  Conceal,  suppress,  re- 
tire, skulk,  recede,  hide,  shrivel, 
collapse,  furl. 

Flavor.  Taste,  savor,  relish, 
zest,  smack,  gusto;  aroma,  es- 
sence, subtle  quality,  spirit, 
soul;  odor. 

ANT.  Insipidity,  tasteless- 
ness,  inodorousness,  mawkish' 
ness,  scentlessness,  flatness. 

Flexible.  Pliable,  pliant,  lim- 
ber, lithe,  supple,  crooked;  af- 
fable, tractable,  compliant,  doc- 
ile, gentle;  elastic;  easy,  indul- 
gent, ductile,  flexile,  yielding. 

ANT.  Tough,  rigid,  inelastic, 
hard,  inflexible,  inexorable. 

Flicker.  Quiver,  flutter,  falter, 
waver,  glimmer,  bicker,  shim- 
mer, scintillate. 


[  122 


fll] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[flo 


ANT.  Stream,  "blaze,  beam, 
shine,  gleam. 

Plight.  Flying,  soaring,  volita- 
tion,  mounting,  fleeing,  depart- 
ure; flock;  .olley,  shower;  es- 
cape, evasion,  disappearance ; 
stampede,  hegira,  exodus. 

ANT.  Recurrence,  return,  re- 
appearance; repose,  perching, 
alighting. 

Flimsy.  Gauzy,  poor,  transpar- 
ent, thin;  trifling,  trivial,  in- 
ane, puerile ;  weak,  shallow,  su- 
perficial, slight,  unsubstantial  ; 
feeble,  frivolous,  foolish,  light, 
trashy. 

ANT.  Solid,  sound,  irrefrag- 
able, cogent,  substantial. 

Flinch.  Wince,  swerve,  recoil, 
blench,  shrink,  draw  back. 

ANT.  Dare,  face,  bare,  meet, 
endure,  challenge,  defy. 

Fling.  Throw,  cast,  toss,  hurl, 
dart,  pitch,  chuck;  prostrate, 
overthrow,  throw  down;  wince, 
flounce;  jeer,  sneer,  gibe,  scoff, 
flaunt,  taunt;  emit,  ejaculate. 

ANT.  Snatch,  grasp,  hold, 
keep,  retain,  arrest,  catch. 

Flippant.  Fluent,  voluble,  glib, 
talkative,  nimble  of  speech ;  im- 
pertinent, pert,  malapert,  for- 
ward, bold;  superficial,  saucy, 
thoughtless. 

ANT.  Servile,  considerate, 
obsequious,  flattering,  deferen- 
tial; accurate;  complimentary, 
respectful. 

Float.  Waft,  swim,  be  buoyed 
up;  bear  up,  buoy  up;  spread, 
prevail. 

ANT.  Sink,  drown,  die,  van- 
ish, founder. 

Flock,  n.  Brood,  bevy,  herd,  lot, 
group,  pack,  swarm,  set,  hatch, 
drove,  covey,  litter;  collection, 
company,  congregation. 

Flock,  v.    Herd,  congregate,  as- 
gemble,  throng,  crowd,  troop. 
ANT.    Disperse,  scatter,  sep- 


arate,   segregate,    distribute, 
rout. 

Flood,  n.  Deluge,  abundance,  in- 
undation, overflow,  freshet; 
downrush,  multitude. 

ANT.  Drought,  drain,  ebb, 
scarcity,  subsidence. 

Florid.  Flowery;  flushed,  rubi- 
cund; ornate,  rhetorical,  figura- 
tive, embellished;  overwrought, 
sanguine,  meretricious. 

ANT.  Pallid,  exsanguine; 
bloodless,  anemic,  unadorned, 
bare,  sober,  nude,  chaste. 

Flounder.  Struggle,  toss,  wal- 
low, tumble,  flounce;  roll,  blun- 
der, bungle. 

ANT.  Emerge,  course,  career, 
speed,  rise,  skim,  flourish. 

Flourish.  Thrive,  grow;  pros- 
per, succeed,  be  successful;  va- 
por, boast,  brag,  vaunt,  bluster, 
show  off;  attain  one's  prime, 
be  in  vigor;  brandish,  wave; 
speed,  triumph. 

ANT.  Fail,  decline,  fade,  ar- 
rest, founder,  miscarry;  sheath, 
ground. 

Flow.  Stream,  run,  pour,  roll  on, 
sweep  along;  melt,  liquefy,  be 
molten;  issue,  emanate,  pro- 
ceed, come,  grow,  arise,  follow, 
spring,  result;  glide,  wave,  un- 
dulate, float,  waver,  abound,  be 
full,  flood,  deluge,  overflow;  ca- 
reer, progress,  course. 

ANT.  Halt,  stick,  stop,  hesi- 
tate, fail,  stickle,  stint,  beat, 
recoil,  ebb,  regurgitate;  stag- 
nate. 

Flower,  n.  Blossom,  bloom ;  best 
part;  prime,  vigor;  figure,  ex- 
pression; perfection,  acme,  or- 
nament, pride,  gem,  cream. 

ANT.  Deformity,  disappoint- 
ment, blot,  abortion;  blight; 
scum;  dregs. 

Flowing.  Running;  fluent,  copi- 
ous, smooth ;  abundant,  exuber- 
ant, easy,  eloquent. 


[  123  ] 


flu] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fol 


ANT.  Dry,  dribbling,  meager, 
strained,  labored,  difficult,  un- 
ready, forced. 

Fluctuate.  Veer,  waver,  swerve, 
vacillate,  vary,  undulate,  oscil- 
late, hesitate. 

ANT.  Abide,  adhere,  persist, 
stand  fast,  stay,  stick,  hold  fast. 
Fluctuation.  Oscillation,  un- 
dulation, unsteadiness,  varia- 
tion, change,  shifting,  rise  and 
fall,  inconstancy,  hesitation, 
wavering,  vacillation. 

ANT.  Steadiness,  firmness, 
steadfastness,  constancy,  stabil- 
ity, fixedness,  stolidity;  persis- 
tence, perseverance,  pertinacity, 
obstinacy,  tenacity. 
Fluency.  Smoothness,  flowing 
quality,  liquidness ;  copious- 
ness, affluence,  command  of  lan- 
guage, readiness  of  speech. 

ANT.  Solidity,  density,  com- 
pactness, hardness;  difficulty, 
sloicness;  paucity. 
Flurry,  v.  Excite,  agitate,  dis- 
concert, confuse,  disturb,  per- 
turb, hurry,  ruffle,  worry,  flus- 
ter. 

ANT.  Soothe,  compose,  quiet, 
calm,  mesmerize. 

Flutter.  Hover,  flap,  flirt ;  palpi- 
tate, tremble ;  flaunt ;  fluctuate, 
waver,  oscillate,  vacillate,  be 
inconstant,  be  unsteady;  flit, 
quiver,  flicker. 

ANT.      Perch,    roost,    nestle, 
.  settle,  subside,  collapse,  rest,  re- 
pose, pause,  sink,  lull. 
Flux.     Flow,  flowing;  mutation, 
change,  shifting,  transition;  fu- 
sion, melting;  solvent;  motion, 
progression,  substitution,  trans- 
mutation. 

ANT.  Stagnation,  stillness, 
identity,  invariableness,  immu- 
tability, arrestation,  crystalli- 
sation. 

Focus.  Center;  standpoint;  con- 
vergence, rendezvous,  nucleus. 


ANT.  Circle,  dispersion,  dv* 
vergence,  dissipation. 

Foggy.  Misty,  hazy;  confused, 
dazed,  bewildered,  muddy,  mud- 
dled; absent,  stupid,  obscure. 

ANT.  Alert,  alive,  awake;  lu- 
cid, clear,  bright;  shrewd, 
sharp. 

Foible.  Frailty,  weakness,  fail- 
ing, defect,  imperfection,  in- 
firmity, fault,  weak  point;  pec- 
cadillo. 

ANT.  Crime,  atrocity,  sin, 
enormity. 

Foil,  n.  Contrast,  background, 
set-off;  rapier;  enhancement, 
setting;  elucidation. 

ANT.  Eclipse,  outshining,  ex- 
tinction, overshadowing. 

Foist.  Impose,  thrust;  falsify, 
counterfeit,  palm,  pass. 

ANT.  Expose,  detect,  verify, 
authenticate. 

Fold,  v.    Double,  enfold,  enwrap, 
envelop,  wrap,  embrace,  enclose. 
ANT.     Unfold,  expose,  disen- 
gage. 

Follow.  Attend,  accompany,  re- 
sult, pursue,  succeed,  chase,  go 
after,  come  after,  copy,  ensue, 
heed,  imitate,  observe,  obey, 
practice;  shadow. 

ANT.  A  void,  elude,  precede, 
quit,  disobey,  cause,  produce, 
shun,  abandon. 

Follower.  Pursuer ;  attendant, 
retainer,  supporter,  dependant, 
companion,  associate ;  adher- 
ent, disciple,  pupil,  partisan; 
imitator,  copier. 

ANT.  Leader,  teacher,  rival, 
antagonist,  opponent. 

Folly.  Foolishness,  imbecility, 
fatuity,  stupidity,  shallowness, 
dulness;  absurdity,  extrava- 
gance, infatuation,  unwisdom, 
imprudence,  nonsense,  indis- 
cretion; slip,  lapse,  misstep; 
madness,  misconduct,  silliness, 
weakness. 


[  124  ] 


fom] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fo* 


ANT.  Wisdom,  sanity,  sense, 
prudence,  judgment,  sobriety. 

Foment.  Bathe;  excite,  insti- 
gate, stimulate,  brew,  encour- 
age, promote,  abet,  stir  up ;  fan, 
cherish,  propagate. 

ANT.  Allay,  extinguish,  ex- 
tirpate, quench,  discourage. 

Pond.  Foolish,  silly,  weak,  ab- 
surd, empty,  vain,  senseless, 
baseless ;  doting,  affectionate, 
loving,  attached,  enamored,  de- 
voted. 

ANT.  Averse,  unloving,  un- 
affectionate,  strong-minded,  ra- 
tional, austere,  sensible,  well- 
grounded,  undemonstrative. 

Fondle.  Caress,  coddle,  blan- 
dish, pet;  dandle;  spoil,  in- 
dulge. 

ANT.  Worry,  annoy,  tease, 
chafe,  irritate,  ruffle. 

Fondness.  Delusion,  folly,  silli- 
ness, weakness,  absurdity;  ten- 
derness, doting;  liking,  prefer- 
ence, partiality,  predilection, 
affection;  relish,  appetite. 

ANT.  Repulsion,  aversion, 
dislike,  antipathy;  hatred,  con- 
tempt; harshness,  brutality, 
loathing. 

F*od.  Aliment,  nourishment, 
nutriment,  nutrition,  Viands, 
sustenance,  victuals,  provender, 
regimen,  pabulum,  rodder,  diet, 
forage,  feed,  fare;  bread,  meat, 
provisions,  cheer,  commons,  ra- 
tions, subsistence. 

Fool.  Idiot,  natural;  dolt,  wit- 
ling, driveler,  blockhead,  sim- 
pleton, dunce;  buffoon,  harle- 
quin, droll,  punch,  antic,  jester, 
clown. 

ANT.  Wise  man,  adept,  ex- 
pert, scholar,  master. 

Foolish.     Senseless,  idiotic,  silly, 

t    weak,   daft,  simple,   irrational, 

B  insensate,  shallow,  brainless, 
witless;  unwise,  unreasonable, 
absurd,  ridiculous,  preposter- 


ous, indiscreet,  imprudent;  pu- 
erile, idle,  trivial,  trifling,  con- 
temptible, vain,  childish;  inju- 
dicious, objectionable,  imbecile, 
nonsensical ;  crazed. 

ANT.  Sensible,  sane,  clear- 
sighted, deep,  strong-minded, 
sound,  sagacious,  wise,  prudent, 
judicious,  eligible,  calculating, 
advisable. 

Footing.  Foothold;  foundation, 
basis,  groundwork;  standing, 
rank,  grade,  status,  state,  con- 
dition ;  settlement,  establish- 
ment; sum  total. 

ANT.  Dislodgment,  ousting, 
unstableness. 

Foppish.  Dandyish,  vain,  cox- 
combical, dressy,  dandified. 

ANT.  Unassuming,  modest, 
dowdy,  unaffected,  clownish, 
slovenly. 

Foray.  Inroad,  irruption,  raid, 
invasion,  incursion;  sally,  esca- 
pade, dragonade. 

ANT.  Flight,  retreat,  recall, 
stampede,  decampment. 

Forbear.  Abstain,  avoid,  with- 
hold, refrain,  forego;  stop,  de- 
sist, pause,  cease,  stay,  hold, 
break  off,  give  over;  be  toler- 
ant, endure,  be  patient;  shun, 
decline;  omit;  spare,  tolerate, 
put  up  with. 

ANT.  Seek,  indulge,  gratify, 
yield,  grant,  bestow;  continue, 
advance,  progress;  rebel,  resist. 

Forbidding.  Repulsive,  repel- 
lent, unpleasant,  odious,  abhor- 
rent, disagreeable,  offensive; 
deterrent,  prohibitory. 

ANT.  Attractive,  seductive, 
permissive,  alluring,  encourag- 
ing. 

Force,  n.  Strength,  power,  en- 
ergy, might,  vigor;  efficacy,  effi- 
ciency, potency,  validity,  vir- 
tue, cogency,  agency;  compul- 
sion, violence,  constraint,  coer- 
cion, enforcement;  army,  troop, 


[  125  3 


for] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


Tfor 


legion,  battalion,  hcet,  squad- 
ron, phalanx;  instrumentality, 
dint,  vehemence,  pressure. 

ANT.  Weakness,  feebleness, 
inefficiency,  counteraction,  neu- 
tralization, debility,  inconclu- 
siveness,  pointlessness. 

Pore,  a.  Anterior,  preceding,  an- 
tecedent, prior,  previous,  for- 
mer, foregoing;  front,  face;  ad- 
vanced, leading,  head,  foremost, 
first. 

ANT.  Posterior,  subsequent, 
following;  rear,  back,  hindmost, 
last. 

Forefather.  Progenitor,  ances- 
tor, father. 

ANT.     Descendants,  progeny. 

Forefend.  Avert,  prevent,  ward 
off,  hinder,  keep  off,  forbid; 
stave,  obviate. 

ANT.  Remedy,  rectify,  cure, 
mend,  redress. 

Forego.  Relinquish,  resign,  re- 
nounce, surrender,  cede,  yield, 
abandon,  give  up,  part  with,  let 
go;  waive,  drop,  abjure. 

ANT.  Claim,  assume,  seise, 
grasp,  retain,  vindicate. 

Foreign.  Alien,  external,  ex- 
terior, outward,  strange,  exotic, 
from  abroad;  extraneous,  ex- 
trinsic, adventitious,  irrele- 
vant; outlandish. 

ANT.  Domestic,  congenial, 
native,  relative,  germane. 

Forerunner.  Precursor,  herald, 
harbinger,  foregoer,  avant-cou- 
rier;  prelude;  prognostic,  sign, 
omen,  premonition;  predeces- 
sor. 

ANT.  Successor,  follower; 
postlude;  fulfilment. 

Foresee.  Foreknow,  forecast, 
have  prescience  of;  predict,  an- 
ticipate, foretell,  forebode,  di- 
vine. 

ANT.  Remember,  recollect, 
recall,  reflect. 

ForetelL      Prognosticate,    fore- 


show, foreshadow,  betoken,  por- 
tend, augur,  bode,  forebode, 
presage;  predict,  prophesy;  pre- 
indicate,  forewarn. 

ANT.  Recite,  narrate,  detail; 
recollect,  remember. 

Forethought.  Foresight,  antic- 
ipation, precaution,  forecast, 
provision,  prudence. 

ANT.  Delay,  procrastina- 
tion. 

Forever.      Always,    perpetually, 
eternally,    everlastingly,    ever, 
endlessly,  evermore,  aye. 
ANT.     Never,  at  no  time. 

Forfeit,  Forfeiture.  Loss,  fine, 
mulct,  amercement,  confisca- 
tion, penalty;  damages. 

ANT.  Bribe,  premium,  dou- 
ceur, compensation,  gratuity, 
reward,  remuneration. 

Forge.  Beat,  hammer  out,  fabri- 
cate, frame,  form;  devise,  in- 
vent, coin;  falsify,  counterfeit; 
work,  produce,  elaborate,  feign, 
make  falsely,  shape. 

ANT.  Shatter,  batter,  shiver, 
blast,  fuse,  detect,  expose;  mis- 
construe, misshape,  misfabri- 
cate;  verify. 

Forgery.  Counterfeit;  falsifica- 
tion, fraudulent  imitation. 

ANT.  Attestation,  verifica- 
tion, signature;  genuineness. 

Forget.  Consign  to  oblivion, 
overlook;  slight,  neglect,  cease 
to  care  for;  unlearn,  pretermit, 
obliterate. 

ANT.  Acquire,  learn,  recol- 
lect, remember,  retain,  treasure, 
mind. 

Forgetful.  Apt  to  forget;  negli- 
gent, inattentive,  careless,  heed- 
less, neglectful,  mindless. 

ANT.  Attentive,  retentive, 
careful,  mindful. 

Forgetfulness.  Aptness  to  for- 
get; failure  of  memory;  negli- 
gence, inattention,  carelessness, 
heedlessness;  oblivion. 


[  126  ] 


for] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[for 


ANT.  Retentiveness,  recol- 
lection, recalling. 

Forgotten.  Unremembered,  by- 
gone, slighted,  overlooked,  ob- 
solete, neglected,  disregarded. 

ANT.  Remembered,  present, 
treasured,  cherished,  guarded, 
regarded. 

Forlorn.  Deserted,  forsaken,  sol- 
itary, abandoned,  lost,  friend- 
less; wretched,  miserable,  piti- 
able, destitute,  desolate;  help- 
less, comfortless,  disconsolate, 
wobegone ;  hapless,  luckless ; 
lone,  lonesome. 

ANT.  Supported,  cherished, 
attended,  protected,  befriended, 
cheered. 

Form,  n.  Shape,  figure,  configu- 
ration, mold,  fashion,  cast,  cut ; 
mode,  method,  formula,  formu- 
lary, ritual;  manner,  system, 
sort,  kind,  order;  regularity, 
arrangement;  shapeliness,  cere- 
mony, formality,  ceremonial ; 
conventionality,  etiquette;  pat- 
tern, model;  mere  appearance, 
empty  show. 

Form,  v.  Shape,  mold,  fashion, 
constitute,  arrange,  frame,  con- 
struct, contrive,  conceive,  make, 
produce,  create,  devise,  invent, 
compose,  dispose,  combine. 

ANT.  Deform,  dislocate,  dis- 
tort, derange,  disintegrate,  dis- 
member, dissipate,  disorganize, 
analyze. 

Formal.  Express,  explicit,  posi- 
tive, strict,  official ;  regular,  set, 
methodical,  fixed,  rigid,  stiff; 
ceremonious,  precise,  punctili- 
ous, starched,  prim,  exact;  es- 
sential, constitutive ;  external ; 
complete,  shapely,  sufficient,  af- 
fected, correct,  stately,  digni- 
fied, pompous. 

ANT.  Incomplete,  irregular, 
informal,  incorrect,  inadequate, 
easy,  unassuming,  unceremoni- 
ous. 


Formalism.  Rigidity,  parade, 
ceremoniousness,  pomposity,  ex- 
ternalism,  punctilio. 

ANT.  Simplicity,  unaffected- 
ness,  unostentatiousness,  un- 
ceremoniousness. 

Formality.  Custom,  established 
mode ;  ceremony,  etiquette,  con- 
ventionality, mere  form;  pa- 
rade, affectation,  punctilious- 
ness, stateliness. 

ANT.  Informality;  uncere- 
moniousness, unconventional- 
ity;  originality. 

Formation.  Creation,  produc- 
tion; composition,  constitu- 
tion ;  arrangement,  disposal, 
combination,  disposition ;  con- 
struction, shape,  structure. 

Former.  Anterior,  antecedent, 
previous,  prior,  preceding,  fore- 
going; quondam,  late,  old-time; 
past,  bygone,  foregone,  previ- 
ous ;  first-named,  first-men- 
tioned; earlier,  ancient. 

ANT.  Subsequent,  succeed- 
ing, posterior,  latter,  modern, 
coming,  future. 

Formidable.  Terrible,  redoubted, 
tremendous,  dangerous;  awful, 
alarming,  terrifying,  discour- 
aging, appalling,  serious,  hor- 
rible, dreadful,  fearful,  shock- 
ing. 

ANT.  Light,  trivial;  feeble, 
harmless,  contemptible,  poicer- 
less,  despicable,  weak,  help- 
less. 

Forthwith.  Instantly,  directly, 
immediately,  without  delay,  in- 
stantaneously. 

ANT.  Hereafter,  soon,  by- 
and-by,  presently. 

Fortification.  Fort,  stronghold, 
fortress,  fastness,  castle,  cita- 
del; bulwark,  fortified  place. 

Fortify.  Protect,  surround;  re- 
inforce, brace,  stiffen,  strength- 
en; confirm,  corroborate;  garri- 
son, intrench. 


[  127  ] 


for] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


tfra 


ANT.  Weaken,  dismantle;  in- 
validate. 

Fortitude.  Endurance,  heroism, 
resolution,  courage ;  firmness, 
patience ;  bravery ;  calmness, 
resignation,  hardihood,  compo- 
sure, stoicism. 

ANT.  Impatience,  timidity, 
flinching,  irritation,  faintness, 
delicacy,  effeminacy,  womanish- 
ness,  childishness. 
Fortuitous.  Accidental,  casual, 
.contingent,  chance,  incidental, 
undesigned. 

ANT.  Purposed,  planned,  de- 
signed; anticipated,  foreseen. 
Fortunate.  Favored,  lucky,  suc- 
cessful, prosperous,  happy,  fe- 
licitous, propitious,  auspicious, 
favorable,  advantageous,  provi- 
dential. 

ANT.  Miserable,  unhappy,  un- 
lucky, ill-starred,  unfortunate, 
wretched,  woful,  fallen,  infeli- 
citous, broke,  crushed. 
Fortune.  Chance,  accident,  luck, 
hap,  casualty,  fortuity;  liveli- 
hood; estate,  substance,  prop- 
erty, possessions;  wealth,  afflu- 
<ence,  riches,  opulence;  destiny, 
fate,  destination,  doom,  star, 
lot;  issue,  result,  event;  suc- 
cess. 

ANT.  Design,  purpose;  mis- 
fortune, ill  luck,  poverty;  in- 
ception, <iause,  failure. 
Forward,  a.  Onward,  progres- 
sive, advancing;  front,  fore,  an- 
terior; ready,  prompt,  eager, 
willing,  zealous,  earnest;  pre- 
sumptuous, confident,  bold,  im- 
pertinent, pert,  assuming,  flip- 
pant; early,  premature;  obtru- 
sive, anxious,  self-assertive. 

ANT.  Tardy,  reluctant,  re- 
tiring, backward,  slow,  modest, 
indifferent. 

Forward,  v.  Support,  foster,  ad- 
vance, promote,  further,  encour- 
age, aid,  favor,  help ;  hasten,  ac- 


celerate, quicken,  speed,  hurry, 
despatch,  expedite ;  transmit, 
send  on,  ship. 

ANT.  Retard,  delay,  prevent, 
hinder,  frustrate. 

Foul.  Impure,  nasty,  dirty,  un- 
clean, squalid,  filthy,  tarnished, 
soiled,  stained,  polluted,  sul- 
lied; disgusting,  loathsome,  of- 
fensive, noisome;  dishonorable, 
unfair,  sinister,  underhanded; 
base,  scandalous,  infamous,  vile, 
wicked,  dark,  abominable,  de- 
testable, disgraceful,  shameful ; 
vulgar,  coarse,  low ;  abusive,  in- 
sulting, scurrilous;  thick,  tur- 
bid, muddy;  stormy,  cloudy, 
rainy;  entangled,  tangled. 

ANT.  Pure,  uncorrupt,  un- 
stained, undefiled,  uncontami- 
nated,  unsullied,  stainless,  fair, 
unspotted,  spotless,  unpolluted, 
holy. 

Found,  v.  Base,  set,  fix,  place, 
ground,  rest;  build,  construct, 
raise,  erect ;  establish,  institute, 
originate,  plant,  set  up;  cast, 
mold;  endow,  root. 

ANT.  Uproot,  subvert,  sup- 
plant, disestablish. 

Foundation.  Base,  groundwork, 
basis,  bottom,  footing;  estab- 
lishment, settlement;  endow- 
ment; institution,  origin,  rudi- 
ments, ground,  substratum,  un- 
derlying principle. 

ANT.  Disestablishment;  su- 
perstructure; demolition,  ruin, 
overthrow. 

Founder.  Originator,  institutor, 
establisher,  planter;  molder, 
caster;  author. 

ANT.    Subverter,  destroyer. 

Fountain.  Spring,  well,  jet; 
source,  origin,  original  cause, 
first  principle. 

Fraction.      Part,   portion,    frag- 
ment, piece,  bit,  scrap,  section. 
ANT.     Whole,  total,  amount, 
sum,  aggregate. 


[  128 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


Tractions.  Cross,  captious,  petu- 
lant, testy,  peevish,  fretful,  ir- 
ritable, waspish,  snappish;  pet- 
tish. 

ANT.  Good-humored,  blithe- 
some, agreeable,  complaisant, 
genial. 

Fragile.  Brittle,  easily  broken, 
frangible;  infirm,  frail,  weak, 
feeble,  delicate,  slight. 

ANT.  Tough,  hardy,  stout, 
strong. 

fragment.  Remnant,  fraction, 
scrap,  chip,  detached  part,  bit, 
piece,  morsel. 

ANT.  Bulk,  body,  whole, 
mass. 

Fragrance,  Fragrancy.  Redo- 
lence, perfume,  aroma,  balmi- 
ness,  incense,  grateful  odor  or 
smell,  pleasant  scent. 

Fragrant.  Aromatic,  redolent, 
spicy,  balmy,  odoriferous,  per- 
fumed, sweet-scented,  odorous, 
sweet-smelling. 

ANT.  Inodorous,  scentless, 
fetid. 

Frail.  Fragile,  brittle,  frangible ; 
weak,  feeble,  infirm;  irresolute, 
erring,  mutable. 

ANT.  Resolute,  lasting,  vir- 
tuous; tough,  hardy,  strong, 
stout. 

Frame,  n.  Framework,  skeleton, 
carcass,  framing;  form,  struc- 
ture, system,  fabric,  constitu- 
tion, scheme;  condition,  state, 
temper,  mood. 

jFrame,  v.  Construct,  build,  put 
together;  form,  compose,  make, 
constitute ;  invent,  devise,  plan, 
contrive;  fabricate,  forge. 

Franchise.  Right,  privilege;  ex- 
emption, immunity;  freedom. 

ANT.  Obligation,  disability, 
disqualification,  liability,  juris- 
diction. 

Frank.  Open,  ingenuous,  free, 
sincere,  candid,  artless,  frank- 
hearted,  without  disguise,  un- 


reserved; familiar,  honest,  out- 
spoken, easy,  plain. 

ANT.  Close,  reserved;  disin- 
genuous. 

Frantic.  Furious,  raving,  rag- 
ing, mad,  wild,  infuriate,  fren- 
zied, distracted;  maniacal. 

ANT.  Sane,  sober,  calm,  col- 
lected, cool,  unruffled,  composed. 

Fraternity.  Association,  jircle, 
society,  company,  brotherhood, 
sodality,  league,  clan;  brother- 
liness. 

Fraternize.     Harmonize,  sympa- 
thize, consort,  concur ;  associate 
with,  cooperate  with ;  coalesce. 
ANT.    Renounce,  abjure,  for- 
swear; ostracise. 

Fraud.  Duplicity,  deceit,  decep- 
tion, dishonesty,  treason,  arti- 
fice, trick,  cheat,  imposture, 
swindle,  treachery,  imposition. 
ANT.  Good  faith,  honesty, 
truth,  uprightness,  fairness,  in- 
tegrity. 

Fraught.  Filled,  stored,  laden, 
freighted,  charged,  abounding, 
pregnant,  big;  loaded,  teeming. 
ANT.  Devoid,  divested,  ex- 
empt, empty,  wanting,  poor, 
scant. 

Freakish.  Whimsical,  erratic, 
capricious,  odd,  fanciful,  hu- 
morsome ;  sportful,  frisky,  jok- 
ing, mirthful. 

ANT.  Sober,  steady,  demure, 
unwhimsical,  unfanciful,  reli- 
able, consistent,  equable,  uni- 
form. 

Free,  a.  Independent,  at  liberty, 
unrestrained;  released,  emanci- 
pated, delivered,  liberated;  ex- 
empt, clear,  allowed,  permitted, 
open ;  unobstructed,  unimpeded, 
unrestricted ;  frank,  ingenuous, 
candid,  artless,  unreserved,  sin- 
cere, frank-hearted;  generous, 
liberal,  bountiful,  hospitable, 
charitable,  munificent,  open- 
handed;  prodigal,  lavish,  inv 


[  129  ] 


fre] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fri 


moderate;  ready,  eager,  will- 
ing, prompt;  gratuitous,  spon- 
taneous; loose,  lax;  familiar, 
unconstrained,  easy,  informal; 
detached,  playing,  operating, 
unoccupied,  unhindered,  uncon- 
ditional, untrammeled,  care- 
less, unconfined,  bounteous. 

ANT.  Bound,  shackled,  sub- 
servient, restricted,  obstructed, 
clogged;  occupied;  impeded,  un- 
lawful, compulsory,  biased,  sub- 
ject, liable,  amenable;  condi- 
tional, qualified;  stingy,  nig- 
gardly. 

Freedom.  Independence,  liberty ; 
scope,  range,  play,  free  swing; 
franchise,  immunity,  privilege; 
license,  laxity,  looseness,  famil- 
iarity. 

ANT.  Slavery,  serfdom,  ser- 
vitude; imprisonment,  captiv- 
ity. 

Frenzy.  Madness,  rage,  fury,  in- 
sanity, raving,  distraction,  lu- 
nacy, derangement,  mania,  de- 
lirium, aberration  of  mind;  fa- 
naticism, fire. 

ANT.  Calm,  composure,  col- 
lectedness,  coolness,  sanity,  so- 
briety, equanimity. 
Frequent,  a.  Oft-repeated;  com- 
mon, usual,  everyday;  many, 
repeated,  recurrent,  general, 
numerous,  continual. 

ANT.  Few,  solitary,  scanty, 
rare,  casual. 

Fresh.  New,  recent,  novel;  re- 
newed, revived ;  blooming,  flour- 
ishing, unfaded,  unwilted,  un- 
withered,  well-preserved ;  unim- 
paired, undecayed ;  rosy,  ruddy, 
fair,  delicate,  fresh-colored; 
well,  hearty,  florid,  vigorous, 
healthy,  hardy,  strong ;  unworn, 
unwearied,  unexhausted,  unfa- 
tigued;  vivid,  lively,  keen,  un- 
abated; unsalted;  pure,  cool,  re- 
freshing, sweet,  health-giving, 
bracing;  brisk,  stiff,  strong; 


raw,  uncultivated,  unpracticed, 
untrained,  unskilled,  inexperi- 
enced ;  young,  untried,  modern. 
ANT.  Old,  stale,  weary-, 
jaded;  former;  stagnant,  im- 
paired; original,  ordinary,  tar- 
nished, faded,  decayed,  pallid, 
sickly,  putrid,  moldy,  musty, 
fusty. 

Fretful.  Touchy,  peevish,  petu- 
lant, testy,  snappish,  waspish, 
splenetic,  spleeny,  captious,  ir- 
ritable, ill-humored,  ill-tem- 
pered; fractious,  impatient,  dis- 
contented. 

ANT.  Patient,  contented,  for- 
bearing, meek,  resigned,  unmur- 
muring. 

Friction.  Attrition,  abrasion,  re- 
sistance, confrication,  rubbing; 
grating,  contact. 

ANT.  Lubrication,  non-con- 
tact, detachment,  isolation. 

Friend.  Confidant,  intimate,  as- 
sociate, companion;  ally,  con- 
fr&re,  fellow-adherent;  favorer, 
encourager,  well-wisher,  advo- 
cate, patron,  adherent,  defender, 
supporter ;  acquaintance,  famil- 
iar, chum,  messmate,  coadjutor. 
ANT.  Opponent,  foe,  adver- 
sary, antagonist,  enemy. 

Friendly.  Companionable,  ge- 
nial, neighborly,  cordial,  affec- 
tionate, brotherly,  fond,  favor- 
able, kind,  kindly,  loving,  well- 
disposed,  social,  tender,  affable, 
accessible,  sociable,  amicable, 
complaisant,  hearty,  sincere. 

ANT.  Adverse,  estranged,  ill- 
disposed,  unfriendly,  antagonis- 
tic, unkind,  inimical,  alienated, 
distant,  disaffected,  frigid,  hos- 
tile, cold,  indifferent,  conten- 
tious, belligerent,  bellicose. 

Friendship.  Affection,  good  will, 
devotion,  attachment,  amity, 
comity,  consideration,  favor, 
friendliness,  love,  regard,  es- 
teem, admiration. 


[  130  ] 


frij 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[fru 


ANT.  Hostility,  hatred,  en- 
mity, feud;  contempt,  disdain; 
antipathy. 

Frighten.  Alarm,  affright,  in- 
timidate, scare,  terrify,  daunt, 
appall,  browbeat,  depress,  dis- 
may. 

ANT.  Calm,  soothe,  comfort, 
ease;  reassure,  encourage. 

Frightful.  Terrible,  fearful,  ter- 
rific, dire,  dread,  dreadful,  hor- 
rid, horrible,  awful,  shocking, 
hideous,  ghastly,  grim,  grisly, 
gruesome,  alarming;  ugly,  mon- 
strous. 

ANT.  Pleasing,  fair,  attrac- 
tive, encouraging,  lovely,  beau- 
tiful. 

Frigid.  Cold,  dull,  cool,  unin- 
teresting, lifeless,  unanimated, 
tame,  spiritless ;  formal,  prim, 
stiff,  forbidding,  chilling,  rigid, 
freezing,  repulsive,  repellent ; 
inanimate,  passionless,  distant. 
ANT.  Warm,  ardent,  impas- 
sioned; vehement,  zealous. 

Frisk.  Leap,  skip,  hop,  frolic, 
jump,  romp,  gambol,  wanton, 
dance,  sport,  play. 

ANT.  Lie,  ruminate,  roost, 
mope,  sulk,  rest,  repose. 

Frisky.  Gay,  lively,  sportive, 
playful,  coltish,  wanton,  frolic- 
some. 

ANT.  Demure,  sedate,  pen- 
sive, meditative. 

Fritter.  Slice,  break,  shiver, 
shatter;  dribble,  waste,  dissi- 
pate, idle. 

ANT.  Husband,  economize, 
cultivate,  provide,  be  frugal. 

Frivolous.  Trivial,  worthless, 
light,  trifling,  silly,  petty,  idle, 
flimsy,  childish,  puerile,  foolish, 
trashy. 

ANT.  Serious,  earnest,  im- 
portant, grave. 

Frolic,  n.  Gambol,  lark,  esca- 
pade, prank;  fun,  pleasantry, 
drollery ;  merriment,  merry- 


making; play,  game,  festivity, 
sport,  entertainment,  gaiety, 
spree. 

ANT.  Study,  engagement,  oc- 
cupation, purpose,  undertaking, 
Frolicsome.     Gay,  lively,  frisky, 
sportive,  playful,  frolic,  merry, 
joyous;  wanton,  festive. 

ANT.  Grave,  serious,  labori- 
ous, earnest,  studious. 
Froward.  Contrary,  fractious, 
perverse,  contumacious,  refrac- 
tory, untoward,  unyielding,  un- 
governable, wayward,  disobedi- 
ent, peevish,  cross,  captious, 
petulant. 

ANT.  Docile,  amenable,  fa- 
vorable, agreeable,  obedient, 
ductile. 

Frugal.  Provident,  economical, 
careful,  choice,  saving,  chary, 
thrifty,  unwasteful,  sparing; 
parsimonious,  abstinent,  abste- 
mious, temperate. 

ANT.  Profuse,  lavish,  luxu- 
rious, extravagant,  prodigal,  in- 
temperate, self-indulgent. 
Frugality.  Parsimony,  thrift, 
providence,  prudence,  economy, 
sparing,  miserliness,  parsimo- 
niousness,  scrimping. 

ANT.  Liberality,  luxury,  op- 
ulence, waste,  wealth,  extrava- 
gance, bounty,  affluence,  abun- 
dance, riches. 

Fruit.  Harvest,  crop,  product; 
production,  result,  effect,  con- 
sequence, outcome ;  offspring, 
issue,  young;  produce,  reward, 
outgrowth. 

ANT.  Seed,  cause,  origin,  op- 
eration, growth. 

Fruitful.  Productive ;  prolific, 
fertile,  fecund ;  abundant,  rich, 
plentiful,  plenteous;  pregnant, 
fraught,  causative,  successful, 
effectual,  useful. 

ANT.  Unproductive,  sterile, 
barren,  fruitless,  useless,  abor- 
tive, ineffectual. 


t  131  ] 


fro] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[fu» 


Fruition.  Fulfilment,  enjoy- 
ment; reaping,  attainment,  use, 
possession. 

ANT.  Loss,  disappointment, 
non-attainment. 

Fugacious.  Transitory,  tran- 
sient, evanescent,  fugitive,  eph- 
emeral, fleeting. 

ANT.  Persistent,  perennial, 
permanent,  perpetual. 

Fulfil.  Accomplish,  effectuate, 
effect,  realize,  execute,  consum- 
mate, complete,  perfect;  obey, 
observe,  perform,  do,  discharge, 
keep,  adhere  to,  comply  with; 
meet,  satisfy,  answer,  fill,  fill 
out;  verify,  achieve. 

ANT.  Neglect,  ignore;  fal- 
sify, disappoint;  render  abor- 
tive; overlook,  disregard,  slight. 

Fulminate.  Explode,  detonate; 
utter  denunciations,  thunder, 
fulmine,  hurl  threats;  clamor, 
roar,  denounce,  vociferate. 

ANT.  Laud,  panegyrize,  eu- 
logize. 

Fulsome.  Gross,  excessive,  of- 
fensive, extravagant,  nauseous, 
disgusting,  repulsive,  coarse,  ri- 
bald, questionable,  loathsome, 
sickening,  fawning. 

ANT.  Chaste,  sober,  delicate, 
nice,  temperate,  moderate. 

Fume,  v.  Smoke,  reek,  emit  va- 
por, exhale;  rave,  rage,  chafe, 
storm,  bluster,  fret,  flare  up,  be 
in  a  rage. 

ANT.  Acquiesce;  smile;  sub- 
mit, accede,  consent,  concur. 

Function,  n.  Exercise,  perform- 
ance, execution,  discharge; 
employment,  office,  duty,  busi- 
ness, occupation,  part,  prov- 
ince; character,  capacity,  op- 
eration, administration, 
power. 

ANT.  Usurpation,  misde- 
meanor, misconduct,  maladmin- 
istration. 

Functionary.     Office-holder,  offi- 


cial, officer,  servant,  personage, 
incumbent. 

Fund.  Stock,  capital;  supply, 
store;  foundation,  permanent 
fund ;  money,  means,  resources ; 
investment. 

ANT.  Expenditure,  outlay, 
disbursement. 

Fundamental.  Essential,  radi- 
cal, primary,  organic,  constitu- 
tional, indispensable,  principal, 
important. 

ANT.  Secondary,  unimpor- 
tant, non-essential,  ascititious, 
adventitious. 

Funereal.  Mournful,  sad,  lugu- 
brious, woful,  dark,  plaintive, 
somber,  melancholy,  funeral, 
gloomy,  dismal,  sepulchral,  sol- 
emn, deathlike. 

ANT.  Joyous,  festive,  funny, 
stirring,  lively,  ridiculous,  far- 
cical. 

Funny.  Ludicrous,  droll,  comi- 
cal, farcical,  sportive,  humor- 
ous, amusing,  laughable,  divert- 
ing, jocose,  ridiculous. 

ANT.  Tedious,  dull,  mourn- 
ful, lugubrious,  grave,  serious, 
dismal,  sad,  lamentable. 

Furbish.  Burnish,  polish,  rub, 
scour,  brighten. 

ANT.     Dull,  tarnish,  cloud. 

Furnish.  Provide,  supply;  fit, 
equip,  fit  up;  afford,  give,  be- 
stow, contribute,  present,  pur- 
vey, yield. 

ANT.  Withhold,  unthdraw; 
dismantle;  retain,  keep. 

Furtive.  Secret,  sly,  clandes- 
tine, stolen,  stealthy,  surrepti- 
tious, secretive. 

ANT.  Open,  public,  un- 
disguised, unconcealed,  unre- 
served. 

Fuse.  Melt,  liquefy,  smelt;  inter- 
mix, amalgamate,  blend,  com- 
mingle, intermingle;  coalesce. 

ANT.  Disunite,  diffuse,  dis- 
amalgamate,  disincorporate. 


[  132  ] 


lus] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[gar 


Fuss,  n.  Hurry,  worry,  ado,  fid- 
get, bustle,  flurry,  stir,  agita- 
tion, excitement,  tumult. 

ANT.  Quiet,  peace,  sedate- 
ness,  calm,  composure,  tranquil- 
lity. 

Futile.  Trifling,  frivolous,  triv- 
ial; worthless,  valueless,  vain, 
idle,  unprofitable,  profitless,  un- 


availing, fruitless,  bootless,  in- 
effectual ;  weak,  ineffective,  use- 
less, nugatory. 

ANT.  Cogent,  effective,  po- 
tent, powerful,  useful,  substan- 
tial, solid. 

Future.      Forthcoming,    coming, 
advenient. 

ANT.    Past,  gone,  bygone. 


G 


Gabble,  n.  Prate,  jargon,  stuff, 
jabber,  rattle,  twaddle,  chatter, 
gibber,  gibberish,  babble,  gab, 
gossip,  palaver,  prattle,  cackle. 
ANT.  Speech,  conversation, 
eloquence;  reticence,  tacitur- 
nity; mincing,  mouthiness,  eu- 
phuism, grandiloquence. 

Gabble,  v.  Prate,  prattle,  chat- 
ter, cackle,  rattle,  jabber,  gos- 
sip, palaver. 

ANT.  Drone,  drawl,  mur- 
mur. 

Gag.  Silence,  stifle,  muzzle, 
muffle,  hush. 

ANT.  Evoke,  provoke,  inspire, 
animate. 

Gage,  n.  Measure,  standard;  di- 
mensions, estimate;  security; 
challenge,  defiance. 

Gage,  v.  Measure,  estimate, 
fathom,  probe. 

ANT.  Survey,  conjecture,  ob- 
serve, view,  scan,  guess,  mis- 
measure. 

Gain,  n.  Profits,  earnings,  in- 
crease, gainings;  emolument, 
lucre,  money-making;  blessing, 
profit,  advantage,  good,  benefit. 
ANT.  Loss,  detriment,  dam- 
age, privation,  injury. 

Gain,  v.  Get,  acquire,  win,  earn, 
obtain,  procure,  secure,  carry, 
achieve;  conciliate,  enlist,  per- 
suade, prevail  upon,  win  over, 
gain  over,  bring  over ;  reach,  at- 


tain, arrive  at;  profit;  benefit, 
realize,  reap. 

ANT.     Lose,  forfeit,  suffer. 

Gainful.  Advantageous,  profit- 
able, beneficial;  lucrative,  pay- 
ing, productive,  remunerative, 
winning. 

ANT.  Unprofitable,  disad- 
vantageous, detrimental,  injuri- 
ous, losing,  gainless. 

Gallant,  a.  Gay,  fine,  magnifi- 
cent, well-dressed,  showy,  splen- 
did; courageous,  brave,  valiant, 
valorous,  intrepid,  chivalrous, 
fearless,  bold,  daring,  high-spir- 
ited; noble,  lofty,  honorable, 
magnanimous,  high-minded ;  at- 
tentive, polite,  courteous;  am- 
orous; heroic. 

ANT.  Coicardly,  discourte- 
ous, churlish. 

Gambol.  Frisk,  frolic,  romp, 
caper,  leap,  hop,  skip,  jump, 
sport. 

ANT.  Droop,  tire,  weary, 
flag. 

Game,  n.  Sport,  play,  amuse- 
ment, pastime ;  plan,  scheme, 
stratagem,  strategy,  adventure, 
enterprise,  measure,  undertak- 
ing; quarry,  prey;  recreation, 
frolic,  diversion. 

ANT.  Toil,  study,  duty,  la- 
bor; weariness,  flagging;  busi- 
ness. 

Garb.     Dress,  clothes,  habit,  ap- 


[  133  ] 


gar] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[gen 


parel,  raiment,  garments,  ves- 
ture, costume,  attire,  habili- 
ment; uniform,  vestments. 

ANT.  Undress;  rags,  tatters, 
shreds;  nudity,  nakedness. 

Garble.  Mutilate,  falsify,  cor- 
rupt, misrepresent,  misquote, 
pervert;  cook,  dress,  color,  dis- 
tort. 

ANT.  Quote,  cite,  extract,  re- 
cite, report  verbatim. 

Garnish.  Adorn,  embellish,  deco- 
rate, deck,  grace,  beautify,  or- 
nament, prank,  set  off,  trick 
out;  furnish,  furbish. 

ANT.  Strip,  dismantle,  de- 
nude, bare,  deprive,  divest. 

Garrulity.  Loquacity,  babble, 
loquaciousness,  babbling,  talk- 
ativeness, prattle,  prate;  ver- 
bosity, chatter. 

ANT.  Reticence,  taciturnity, 
laconism,  reserve,  silence. 

Garrulous.  Chattering,  loqua- 
cious, verbose,  talkative. 

ANT.  Taciturn,  speechless, 
laconic,  reserved,  reticent,  si- 
lent. 

Gaud.  Trinket,  finery,  gewgaw, 
trumpery,  whim,  gimcrack,  toy, 
bauble,  trifle. 

ANT.  Ornament,  gem,  deco- 
ration, jewel,  valuable. 

Gaudy.  Flaunting,  garish,  glit- 
tering, tawdry,  tinsel,  flashy, 
showy,  overdecorated,  loud;  be- 
spangled, fine,  gay,  meretri- 
cious. 

ANT.  Rich,  simple,  hand- 
some, chaste. 

Gaunt.  Lean,  lank,  thin,  meager, 
emaciated,  slender,  attenuated, 
spare ;  grim,  savage,  hungry. 

ANT.  Docile,  tractable,  well- 
fed,  tame,  sleek. 

Gawky.  Awkward,  clownish,  un- 
gainly,   clumsy,    raw,    boorish, 
rustic,  green,  uncouth,  loutish. 
ANT.    N eat,  handy,  graceful, 
handsome. 


Gay.  Showy,  bright,  fine,  bril- 
liant, dashing;  gaudy,  flaunt- 
ing, flashy,  garish,  tawdry,  glit- 
tering, tinsel ;  merry,  lively,  jo- 
vial, cheerful,  gleeful,  blithe, 
sportive,  airy,  gladsome,  frolic- 
some, jolly,  hilarious,  light- 
hearted;  sprightly,  smart,  fes- 
tive, pleasuresome. 

ANT.  Heavy,  sad,  grave,  dull, 
dowdy,  somber,  melancholy. 

Gaze,  v.  Stare,  scan,  behold,  re- 
gard, contemplate,  view,  gloat, 
glower. 

ANT.  Wink,  ignore,  overlook, 
ogle,  glance,  disregard. 

General,  a.  Ordinary,  universal, 
common,  commonplace,  custom- 
ary, everyday,  public,  prevalent, 
familiar,  normal,  popular,  ha- 
bitual, frequent,  usual. 

ANT.  Singular,  uncommon, 
exceptional,  rare,  unknown,  in- 
frequent, unusual;  particular, 
special. 

Generality.  Universality;  bulk, 
mass,  body,  majority. 

ANT.  Section,  minority,  ex- 
ception, individuality. 

Generate.  Beget,  procreate,  en- 
gender, breed,  propagate;  pro- 
duce, form,  make,  cause,  bring 
about,  originate. 

ANT.  Stifle,  extinguish,  ter- 
minate, annihilate. 

Generation.  Procreation ;  pro- 
duction, formation ;  offspring, 
progeny,  succession  of  descend- 
ants ;  family,  stock,  race,  breed ; 
contemporaries;  period,  epoch, 
age,  era,  lifetime;  origination. 
ANT.  Perpetuity,  eternity, 
immortality;  posterity. 

Generic.  General,  common,  col- 
lective, racial,  comprehensive. 

ANT.  Particular,  personal, 
specific,  individual. 

Generous.  Liberal,  noble,  mag- 
nanimous, bountiful,  free,  mu- 
nificent, open-handed,  disinter- 


[  134  ] 


gen] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[gna 


ested,  open-hearted,  chivalrous, 
honorable. 

ANT.  Avaricious,  covetous, 
greedy,  parsimonious,  penuri- 
ous, petty,  rapacious,  stingy, 
close,  illiberal,  ignoble,  mean, 
miserly,  niggardly,  churlish, 
selfish. 

Genial.  Fostering,  cheering,  en- 
livening, encouraging,  inspirit- 
ing; cordial,  hearty;  cheerful, 
pleasant,  merry,  mirthful,  jo- 
vial, warm,  balmy,  festive,  joy- 
ous, revivifying,  rejuvenating, 
restorative. 

ANT.  Cold,  cutting,  harsh, 
deleterious,  noxious,  deadly,  de- 
structive, blighting,  lethal,  un- 
genial. 

Genius.  Bent,  turn,  aptitude, 
aptness,  faculty,  capacity,  en- 
dowment, talent,  gift;  ingenu- 
ity, invention,  sagacity,  intel- 
lect, brains,  parts,  wit,  inspira- 
tion, creative  or  inventive 
power;  adept,  proficient,  mas- 
ter, master  hand ;  nature,  char- 
acter, disposition,  constitution, 
characteristic;  spirit,  tutelary 
deity,  guardian  angel;  clever- 
ness, inventiveness,  skill,  crea- 
tiveness,  giftedness,  ideality, 
talents. 

ANT.  Stupidity,  senseless- 
ness, folly,  dulness,  imbecil- 
ity, obtuseness,  stolidity,  in- 
anity. 

Genteel.  Refined,  polite,  courte- 
ous, civil,  polished,  well-bred, 
gentlemanly  or  ladylike;  fash- 
ionable, stylish,  elegant;  grace- 
ful, refined,  aristocratic,  culti- 
vated, cultured. 

ANT.  Rude,  clownish,  uncul- 
tivated, ill-bred,  boorish,  uncul- 
tured, plebeian,  unfashionable, 
unpolished,  inelegant. 
Gentle.  Mild,  bland,  moderate, 
kind,  tender,  compassionate,  in- 
dulgent, meek,  soft,  lenient,  hu- 


mane, clement,  merciful,  tender- 
hearted, gentle-hearted;  tame, 
docile,  peaceable,  calm,  peace- 
ful, tranquil,  tractable,  pacific, 
quiet;  light,  zephyrlike;  no- 
ble, high-born,  well-born ;  culti- 
vated, refined,  courteous,  well- 
bred,  polished;  placid,  amiable. 
ANT.  Rough,  rude,  coarse, 
fierce,  savage;  uneven,  uncut; 
boisterous;  shaggy,  ragged,  dis- 
ordered; harsh,  uncivil,  offen- 
sive; tempestuous,  stormy;  in- 
clement. 

Genuine.  Pure,  uncorrupt,  unal- 
loyed, unadulterated,  true,  au- 
thentic, real,  veritable;  native, 
unaffected,  sincere;  sound,  nat- 
ural. 

ANT.  Spurious,  adulterated; 
fictitious;  apocryphal,  counter- 
feit, false,  artificial. 

Germ.  Embryo,  ovule,  seed-bud ; 
origin,  source,  first  principle; 
nucleus,  seed,  bud. 

ANT.  Fruit,  result,  develop- 
ment, product,  produce,  issue, 
outgrowth. 

Germane.  Related,  akin,  oog- 
nate,  allied;  pertinent,  rele- 
vant, appropriate,  apposite,  fit- 
ting, suitable;  kindred,  homo- 
geneous. 

ANT.  Foreign,  alien,  irrele- 
vant, unconnected. 

Germinate.  Bud,  shoot,  vege- 
tate, sprout,  push,  burst  forth, 
put  forth,  spring  up. 

ANT.  Rot,  decay,  spoil,  die, 
putrefy,  corrupt. 

Get.  Attain,  earn,  achieve,  ac- 
quire, obtain,  procure,  receive, 
win,  secure,  gain. 

Jan.  Abandon,  lose,  forfeit, 
surrender,  forego. 

Ghastly.  Pale,  wan,  cadaverous, 
deathlike;  grim,  dismal,  hide- 
ous, terrible,  horrible,  frightful, 
shocking,  grisly;  spectral,  pal- 
lid. 


[   135  ] 


gho] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


Lgla 


ANT.  Blooming,  fresh,  ruddy, 
comely,  buxom,  seemly. 

Ghost.  Spirit,  soul;  apparition, 
specter,  sprite,  phantom,  shade, 
departed  spirit;  vision. 

ANT.  Body,  organism,  ani- 
mal. 

Gibe.  Sneer,  scoff,  taunt,  flount. 
jest,  jeer,  ridicule,  deride,  mock, 
rail  at. 

ANT.    Salute,  compliment. 

Giddy.  Dizzy,  vertiginous;  in- 
constant, fickle,  changeable,  un- 
steady, mutable,  unstable,  vac- 
illating, irresolute ;  careless, 
heedless,  wild,  reckless,  head- 
long, thoughtless,  light-headed, 
flighty;  whirling,  hare-brained, 
beetling,  flighty. 

ANT.  Slow,  ponderous,  sta- 
tionary; earnest,  thoughtful, 
steady;  low,  wary,  unelevated, 
circumspect. 

Gift.  Bequest,  benefaction,  do- 
nation, boon,  grant,  present, 
largess,  bribe,  bounty,  gratu- 
ity; endowment,  talent,  genius, 
faculty,  power,  capacity,  capa- 
bility, ability,  turn,  forte;  do- 
nation, douceur,  offering,  alms, 
allowance,  contribution,  sub- 
scription, subsidy,  dower,  leg- 
sty,  demise. 

ANT.  Reservation,  refusal, 
purchase;  inanity,  stupidity, 
forfeit,  penalty,  fine,  surren- 
der; earnings,  wages,  remuner- 
ation, Compensation;  reward, 
guerdon. 

Gigantic.  Vast,  huge,  colossal, 
enormous,  giant,  prodigious, 
Herculean,  C  yclopean,  immense, 
tremendous. 

ANT.  Puny,  feeble,  dwarfish, 
petty,  tn.s:  •  illcnnt,  pigmy. 

Girdle.      GiH,  bind  round;   sur- 
round, encircle,  encompass,  en- 
close,  embrace,   shut   in ;    belt, 
hem,  environ,  engirdle,  begird. 
ANT.     Disclose,  open,  disen- 


circle,    ea>pand,    ungird,   disen- 
girdle. 

Girl.  Damsel,  lass,  lassie,  miss, 
maiden,  maid,  virgin,  young; 
unmarried  woman. 

Gist.  Essence,  pith,  core,  marrow, 
substance,  kernel,  main  point, 
force,  ground,  foundation. 

ANT.  Surplusage,  addita- 
ment,  redundancy,  environ' 
ment;  accessories;  clothing, 
garb;  excess,  overplus. 

Give.  Deliver,  bestow,  supply, 
grant,  cede,  confer,  communi- 
cate, impart,  furnish;  produce, 
yield,  surrender,  concede,  pre- 
sent, afford,  spare,  accommo- 
date with ;  pay,  exchange ;  per- 
mit, allow,  vouchsafe,  deign; 
utter,  pronounce,  render;  occa- 
sion, cause ;  devote,  apply,  ad- 
dict, give  up;  sink,  bend;  re- 
treat, give  way,  recede,  retire. 

ANT.  Withhold,  withdraw, 
refuse,  retain,  grasp,  fail,  re- 
strain, deny,  take  back,  remove, 
recall;  take,  receive,  accept; 
hold,  support. 

Glad.  Rejoiced,  pleased,  grati- 
fied, delighted,  happy,  well-con- 
tented; cheerful,  joyous,  joyful, 
gladsome,  elated,  jocund,  play- 
ful, light-hearted,  cheery,  ani- 
mated; exhilarating,  pleasing, 
bright,  gratifying;  blithesome, 
gleeful. 

ANT.  Unhappy,  sad,  sorrow- 
ful, disastrous,  sorry,  dismal, 
disappointed,  discontented,  un- 
easy. 

Gladden.  Delight,  cheer,  exhil- 
arate, bless,  rejoice,  gratify, 
make  glad. 

ANT.  Grieve,  disappoint,  de- 
press, dispirit,  trouble,  wound, 
afflict,  sadden,  displease. 

Glare.  Glitter,  glisten,  dazzle, 
flare,  gleam,  sparkle;  glower, 
look  fierce;  beam,  shine,  glow, 
ray,  radiate. 


[  136  ] 


gla] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[go 


ANT.  Shimmer,  scintillate, 
waver,  glimmer,  smolder,  burn 
fitfully,  flash,  flicker,  glister j 
obscure,  darken. 

Glassy.  Vitreous;  crystal,  crys- 
talline, transparent,  gleaming, 
lucent,  brilliant,  shining; 
smooth,  polished,  glacial,  gla- 
brous, brittle,  pellucid,  limpid, 
glossy,  silken. 

ANT.  Rough,  uneven,  pli- 
ant, rugged,  tough,  opaque,  tur- 
bid, muddy,  dull,  dark. 
Glaze,  v.  Set  glass;  calender, 
polish,  burnish,  gloss,  furbish : 
become  glassy,  grow  dim;  vit- 
refy. 

ANT.  Roughen,  corrugate, 
rumple,  crumple,  wrinkle,  fur- 
row. 

Glimpse,  n.  Glance,  glimmer- 
ing, sight,  inkling,  flash,  sur- 
vey, trace,  tinge. 

ANT.  Observation,  scrutiny, 
investigation,  inspection,  ex- 
posure, analysis,  examination. 
Gloom.  Obscurity,  darkness, 
dimness,  gloominess,  cloud;  de- 
jection, sadness,  depression,  des- 
pondency, melancholy ;  gloam- 
ing, twilight,  shadow,  obscura- 
tion, dulness,  cloudiness. 

ANT.  Light,  radiance,  clear- 
ness, daylight,  brightness. 
Glorify.  Extol,  exalt,  magnify, 
bless,  honor,  praise;  brighten, 
make  illustrious,  elevate,  en- 
noble, adorn;  laud,  signalize, 
aggrandize,  panegyrize. 

ANT.  Debase,  depress,  abuse, 
abase,  defame,  degrade,  decry, 
censure,  blame,  rebuke. 
Glorious.  Illustrious,  renowned, 
celebrated,  eminent,  famed,  fa- 
mous, distinguished,  conspicu- 
ous; resplendent,  splendid,  ra- 
diant, bright,  brilliant;  noble, 
lofty,  exalted,  supreme,  high, 
excellent,  consummate. 

ANT.     Mean,  debased,  undis- 


tinguished, disgraced,  unknown, 
dishonorable,  inglorious. 

Glory.  Honor,  renown,  celebrity, 
fame,  praise;  splendor,  luster, 
brightness,  brilliancy,  pride,  ef- 
fulgence ;  gloriousness,  noble- 
ness, exaltation,  grandeur;  ra- 
diance, state,  pomp,  parade,, 
magnificence. 

ANT.  Obscurity,  cloud,  ig- 
nominy, dishonor,  degradation^ 
disgrace,  shame. 

Gloss,  n.  Interpretation,  com- 
ment, note,  explanation,  scho- 
lium, commentary,  annotation; 
pretext,  pretense,  specious  plea; 
luster,  polish,  shine,  sheen;  dis- 
tortion, misinterpretation,  per- 
version, twist,  plea,  specious- 
ness. 

ANT.  Haze,  nebulousness / 
truth,  Uteralness,  representa- 
tion, reality,  verity,  actuality, 
solution,  exposition. 

Glowing.  Shining,  hot,  intense, 
ardent,  excited,  fiery,  fervid, 
fervent. 

ANT.  Cool,  languid,  dispas- 
sionate, dull,  apathetic,  chill- 
ing. 

Glut,  n.  Repletion,  superabun- 
dance, surplus,  overplus,  re- 
dundancy, overstock,  superflu- 
ity. 

ANT.  Scarcity,  want,  scanti- 
ness, dearth,  failure,  drainage, 
exhaustion. 

Glut,  v.  Cloy,  sate,  satiate,  pall, 
surfeit;  gorge,  cram,  stuff,  fill, 
overfeed,  make  replete. 

ANT.  Empty,  void,  disgorge, 
eject,  discharge,  vomit. 

Gluttony.  Voracity,  greed,  gor- 
inandizement,  deglutition. 

ANT.  Abstinence,  abstemi- 
ousness, temperance,  frugality. 

Go.  Move,  pass,  proceed,  advance, 
progress ;  walk,  travel,  journey, 
fare;  depart,  set  out,  leave; 
reach,  extend;  contribute,  con- 


[  137  ] 


goo] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[gra 


cur,  tend,  avail ;  eventuate,  turn 
out;  be  esteemed,  be  reckoned; 
accept,  approve,  endure,  toler- 
ate, swallow,  bear;  stir,  budge. 
ANT.  Stand,  stay,  come,  re- 
main, rest,  endure,  persist,  lack, 
abide,  fail. 

Good,  n.  Benefit,  gain,  advan- 
tage, utility,  profit;  welfare, 
weal,  prosperity,  interest;  vir- 
tue, righteousness,  excellence ; 
abundance,  riclies;  boon,  bless- 
ing, mercy. 

ANT.  Hurt,  loss,  detriment, 
injury,  evil,  disadvantage,  ill, 
calamity,  affliction,  infliction, 
curse. 

Good,  a.  Advantageous,  service- 
able, profitable,  useful,  benefi- 
cial; suitable,  fit,  convenient, 
proper,  well-adapted;  upright, 
virtuous,  worthy,  pious,  dutiful, 
righteous,  religious;  excellent, 
valuable,  precious,  sterling,  ad- 
mirable, capital ;  kind,  humane, 
benevolent,  friendly,  favorable, 
gracious,  merciful,  obliging, 
•well -disposed;  fair,  unblem- 
ished, untarnished,  unsullied, 
immaculate,  honorable,  unim- 
peached;  cheerful,  lively,  social, 
genial,  companionable ;  able, 
skilful,  expert,  ready,  dexter- 
ous, well-qualified;  competent; 
pleasant,  gratifying,  agreeable; 
considerable;  real,  true,  seri- 
ous, unfeigned ;  right,  complete, 
sound,  propitious,  efficient,  suf- 
ficient, valid,  actual,  reputable, 
just. 

ANT.  Bad,  wrong,  evil,  ill, 
wicked,  depraved,  imperfect,  un- 
sound, vicious,  profane,  nig- 
gardly, unpropitious,  unservice- 
able, unsuitable,  inefficient,  in- 
competent, inadequate,  invalid, 
fictitious,  supposititious,  incon- 
siderable, mean,  disreputable, 
disgraceful;  baneful,  mischiev- 
ous, pernicious,  injurious,  hurt- 


ful; abandoned,  corrupt,  im- 
moral, unprincipled,  dishonest, 
unfair,  villainous;  unfortunate, 
unlucky,  unhappy;  unwelcome, 
sad,  depressing,  discouraging, 
distressing;  wretched,  sorry, 
abominable;  inferior,  defective; 
severe,  serious,  hard,  heavy. 

Good-by.     Farewell,  adieu. 

ANT.  Salutation,  welcome, 
hail,  greeting. 

Good-humored.  Cheerful,  buoy- 
ant, placid,  amiable,  good-na- 
tured, good-tempered. 

ANT.  Cross,  ill-humored,  ill- 
natured,  unamiable,  petulant, 
fretful,  peevish. 

Goodly.  Graceful,  comely,  beau- 
tiful, good-looking;  pleasant, 
happy,  agreeable,  desirable;  ex- 
cellent, fair,  fine;  considerable. 
ANT.  Unpleasant,  undesir- 
able, inconsiderable,  uncomely, 
ungainly,  clumsy,  aickicard. 

Gorgeous.  Showy,  glittering, 
splendid,  shining,  magnificent, 
resplendent,  fine,  rich,  superb, 
dazzling;  costly,  grand,  strong. 
ANT.  Poor,  naked,  dingy, 
bare,  threadbare,  cheap;  grimy, 
soiled;  dull,  obscure,  dim. 

Govern.  Manage,  reign  over,  di- 
rect, command,  control,  rule, 
sway,  influence,  mold,  restrain, 
curb,  moderate,  guide,  super- 
vise, conduct;  regulate,  steer, 
bridle. 

ANT.  Be  subject,  obey,  sub- 
mit, comply,  yield;  misrule, 
misdirect,  misconduct. 

Grace.  Favor,  kindness,  conde- 
scension, love,  benignity,  good 
will;  piety,  devotion,  sanctity, 
devoutness,  faith,  holiness,  re- 
ligion; mercy,  pardon,  forgive- 
ness; elegance,  polish,  accom- 
plishment, refinement;  beauty, 
symmetry,  comeliness,  graceful- 
ness, ease;  short  prajer;  excel- 
lence, charm. 


[  133  ] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


ANT.  Disfavor,  deformity, 
pride,  unkindness,  gawkiness, 
awkwardness,  inelegance. 
Graceful.  Beautiful,  comely,  ele- 
gant, stately,  easy,  natural,  be- 
coming, flowing,  rounded,  sinu- 
ous. 

ANT.  Awkward,  homely,  un- 
couth, ugly,  plain,  gawky,  un- 
graceful. 

Graceless.  Depraved,  degener- 
ate, corrupt,  reprobate,  disso- 
lute, profligate,  lost,  abandoned, 
hardened,  obdurate,  shameless, 
incorrigible,  wicked,  irreclaim- 
able; ungraceful,  scampish,  vi- 
cious, worthless. 

ANT.  Graceful,  virtuous,  up- 
right, conscientious,  worthy; 
gracious,  tender-hearted. 
Gracious.  Benevolent,  benign, 
kind,  favorable,  benignant,  com- 
passionate, friendly,  merciful, 
tender,  lenient,  condescending, 
mild,  gentle;  affable,  familiar, 
civil,  polite,  easy,  courteous, 
beneficent. 

ANT.  Haughty,  discourteous, 
ungracious,  ill-disposed,  churl- 
ish, unfriendly,  impolite. 
Gradation.  Progress,  progres- 
sion, succession ;  graduation, 
precedency,  arrangement,  ordi- 
nation, standing,  rank,  degree, 
stage,  tier. 

ANT.  Equality,  uniformity, 
fraternity;  abruptness,  break, 
hiatus. 

Gradual.  Regular,  progressive; 
slow,  approximate;  continuous, 
unintermittent,  step  by  step, 
gradational. 

ANT.  Sudden,  momentary,  in- 
stantaneous, periodic,  intermit- 
tent, recurrent,  broken,  discon- 
tinuous, disconnected. 
Grand.  Stately,  lordly,  princely, 
august,  exalted,  majestic,  ele- 
vated, illustrious,  eminent,  dig- 
nified, great,  high ;  magnificent, 


glorious,  superb,  splendid,  lofty, 
noble,  sublime;  principal,  chief, 
main,  leading,  supreme;  large, 
imposing,  important,  eventful, 
pompous,  gorgeous. 

ANT.  Little,  undignified,  un~ 
imposing,  inferior,  petty,  pal- 
try, secondary,  unimportant,  in- 
significant, mean,  common,  beg- 
garly, contemptible,  small. 

Grandeur.  Greatness,  vastness, 
loftiness,  elevation,  immensity; 
state,  dignity,  majesty,  stateli- 
ness,  pomp,  augustness,  splen- 
dor; magnificence,  display,  os- 
tentation. 

ANT.  Meanness,  paltriness? 
humiliation,  shame,  disgrace. 

Grandiloquence.  Bombast,  fua- 
tian,  turgidity;  verbosity,  pom- 
posity, mouthiness,  grandiosity, 
antiloquence,  stiltedness,  eu- 
phuism. 

ANT.  Simplicity,  naivet6,  un- 
affectedness;  vernacular. 

Grant.  Yield,  admit,  concede,  al- 
low; give,  bestow,  confer,  deign, 
vouchsafe ;  convey,  transfer ;  al- 
lot, accord,  cede,  impart. 

ANT.  Withhold,  withdraw, 
reserve,  resume,  deny,  refuse. 

Graphic.  Vivid,  lively,  pictur- 
esque, well-drawn,  striking,  tell- 
ing; illustrative,  pictorial,  de- 
scriptive, forcible,  feeling;  de- 
scribed. 

ANT.  Undcscrlptive,  unillus- 
trative,  unpicturcsque ;  hazyf 
obscure,  indefinite. 

Grasp.  Clasp,  gripe,  seize,  grip,, 
grapple,  catch,  clutch,  clinch,, 
lay  hold  of;  hold,  retain,  com- 
prehend. 

ANT.  Loose,  lose,  abandon, 
relinquish,  surrender,  release, 
miss,  misunderstand. 

Grateful.  Obliged,  thankful,  in- 
debted, beholden ;  agreeable,  ac- 
ceptable, pleasing,  pleasant,  de- 
lightful, gratifying,  welcome,. 


C  1: 


gra] 


[gri 


charming,  satisfying;  delicious, 
savory,  nice,  cordial,  luscious, 
refreshing,  invigorating;  com- 
forting, soothing,  alleviating. 

ANT.  Unpleasant,  unaccept- 
able, disobliged,  ungrateful,  dis- 
agreeable. 

Gratification.  Satisfaction,  in- 
dulgence; enjoyment,  delight, 
pleasure,  fruition;  reward,  rec- 
ompense. 

ANT.  Pain,  dislike,  disap- 
pointment, abstinence,  stinting, 
discipline,  inurement,  abnega- 
tion. 

Gratify.  Please,  delight,  glad- 
den; indulge,  satisfy,  humor, 
fulfil. 

ANT.  Displease,  dissatisfy, 
stint,  deprive,  deny,  discipline. 

Gratitude.  Thankfulness,  obli- 
gation, gratefulness. 

ANT.  Thanklessness,  ingrati- 
tude, ungratefulness,  unthank- 
fulness,  resentment,  oblivion, 
indignation. 

Gratuitous.  Free,  voluntary, 
uncompensated,  groundless,  un- 
warranted, unsought,  unneces- 
sary ;  spontaneous,  baseless,  un- 
recompensed. 

ANT.  Compulsory,  involun- 
tary, obligatory,  necessitated, 
warranted,  well-founded;  un- 
willing, enforced,  enjoined. 

Grave,  a.  Important,  weighty, 
serious,  cogent,  momentous ;  so- 
ber, sedate,  thoughtful,  staid, 
solemn;  plain,  subdued,  quiet, 
silent;  sad,  pressing,  demure, 
Bomber,  aggravated,  heavy. 

ANT.  Joyous,  merry,  unim- 
portant, facetious,  ridiculous, 
trivial,  light,  frivolous,  futile, 
trifling,  petty,  slight. 

Great.  Large,  big,  vast,  huge, 
bulky,  ample,  immense,  gigan- 
tic, enormous;  much,  excessive, 
high ;  numerous,  countless ;  con- 
siderable, important,  weighty; 


distinguished,  eminent,  exalted, 
prominent,  excellent,  elevated, 
celebrated,  noted,  famed,  illus- 
trious, famous,  renowned;  au- 
gust, grand,  dignified,  noble, 
sublime,  majestic,  lofty;  gener- 
ous, magnanimous,  chivalrous, 
high-minded;  sumptuous,  rich, 
magnificent;  difficult,  onerous, 
hard,  burdensome,  grievous ; 
chief,  principal,  main,  leading, 
grand;  superior,  preeminent; 
protracted,  noticeable. 

ANT.  Little,  narrow,  scanty, 
puny,  few,  short,  mean,  ignoble, 
weak,  unimportant. 

Greediness.  Avidity,  hunger,  vo- 
racity, ravenousness,  gluttony; 
eagerness,  longing,  greed,  in- 
tense desire;  grasping,  avarice, 
rapacity,  selfishness. 

ANT.  Generosity,  prodigal- 
ity, benevolence. 

Greedy.  Voracious,  ravenous,  in- 
satiable, gluttonous,  insatiate, 
rapacious;  eager,  desirous ;  self- 
ish, grasping,  avaricious; 
hungry. 

ANT.  Abstemious,  abstinent, 
contented,  apathetic,  indiffer- 
ent; generous,  unselfish. 

Grief.  Bitterness,  misery,  agony, 
anguish,  heartache,  heartbreak ; 
trial,  grievance ;  melancholy, 
sadness,  sorrow,  trouble,  tribu- 
lation, woe,  mourning,  affliction, 
distress,  regret. 

ANT.  Happiness,  joy,  ela- 
tion, delight,  hilarity,  exulta- 
tion, cheer,  mirth,  gaiety. 

Grievance.  Hardship,  wrong, 
injury,  burden,  oppression ;  af- 
fliction, trial,  sorrow,  grief,  dis- 
tress, woe;  complaint,  trouble, 
injustice. 

ANT.  Congratulation,  boon, 
benefit,  rejoicing,  privilege,  al- 
leviation, riddance,  disburden- 
ment. 

Grieve.     Afflict,  pain,  hurt,  dis- 


t  140  1 


gri] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


tress,  sadden,  agonize;  sorrow, 
mourn,  lament,  suffer,  bewail ; 
burden,  annoy,  wound,  com- 
plain, deplore. 

ANT.  Ease,  soothe,  console, 
please,  rejoice,  exult,  alleviate, 
gratify,  content,  satisfy. 
Grievous.  Sad,  heavy,  distress- 
ing, afflictive,  painful,  deplor- 
able, lamentable;  hurtful,  in- 
jurious, noxious,  mischievous, 
detrimental,  calamitous;  atro- 
cious, heinous,  outrageous,  in- 
tolerable, dreadful,  flagrant, 
aggravated ;  sorrowful,  baleful, 
burdensome,  unhappy,  disas- 
trous. 

ANT.  Pleasant,  joyous,  de- 
lightful, glad,  consolatory,  ac- 
ceptable, welcome,  grateful, 
light,  trivial,  trifling. 
Grim.  Fierce,  ruthless,  cruel, 
savage,  ferocious;  frightful, 
horrible,  hideous,  dire,  horrid, 
appalling,  terrific,  dreadful; 
ugly,  ghastly,  sullen,  stern. 

ANT.  Mild,  attractive,  be- 
nign, placid,  docile. 
Gross.  Great;  large,  big,  bulky: 
dense,  thick;  coarse,  rough, 
rude,  unrefined,  unseemly,  un- 
becoming; indelicate,  sensual, 
impure,  vulgar,  low,  broad ; 
enormous,  flagrant,  shameful, 
outrageous,  grievous ;  palpable, 
manifest,  glaring;  whole,  total, 
entire,  aggregate;  vicious,  ani- 
mal, bloated. 

ANT.  Partial,  component; 
net ;  refined,  pure;  elegant,  deli- 
cate, subtle. 

Grotesque.  Fantastic,  whimsi- 
cal, fanciful,  droll,  odd,  unnat- 
ural, strr.ngo,  wild,  bizarre,  ex- 
travagant; ludicrous,  absurd, 
ridiculous,  antic,  burlesque; 
quaint,  old,  archaic,  distorted, 
caricatured. 

AXT.  Classic,  chaste,  grace- 
ful, fine,  severe,  regular,  fash- 


ionable,   symmetrical,    typical,, 
formal,  normal. 

Ground.  Basis,  base,  ground- 
work, support,  foundation ;  sod, 
soil,  clod,  earth,  loam,  turf; 
region,  territory,  country,  land, 
domain;  estate,  acres,  field; 
motive,  consideration,  reason,, 
cause,  account,  inducement; 
premise,  plea. 

ANT.  Superstructure,  state- 
ment, argument,  inference,  de- 
duction; product,  development , 
result,  effect;  ocean,  sea,  deept 
main,  waters. 

Grounded.  Rooted,  established, 
initiated,  inaugurated,  trained, 
prepared,  fixed,  set;  indoctri- 
nated. 

ANT.  Ungrounded,  unpre- 
pared, uninitiated,  baseless,  un- 
founded, groundless,  unauthor- 
ized. 

Groundless.  Vain,  suppositi- 
tious, unfounded,  false,  base- 
less, fanciful,  chimerical,  gra- 
tuitous. 

ANT.  Well-founded,  author- 
itativc,  substantial,  actual,  au- 
thentic. 

Group.  Cluster,  collection,  assem- 
blage, order,  bunch,  knot,  class, 
clump,  assembly,  collocation. 

AXT.  Individual,  crowd,  iso- 
lation, medley,  confusion;  dis- 
persion, distribution,  scatter- 
ing. 

Grovel.  Creep,  crawl,  sneak,  be 
prone,  fawn,  cringe,  lie,  grub, 
wallow. 

ANT.  Soar,  aspire,  mount, 
rise,  domineer,  intimidate,  dic- 
tate, broicbcat. 

Grow.  Enlarge,  increase,  swell, 
expand,  extend,  augment;  veg- 
etate, shout,  sprout,  germinate; 
advance,  wax,  progress,  im- 
prove; adhere;  raise,  produce, 
cultivate ;  accrue,  become,  de- 
velop, amplify. 


[   141   ] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


ANT.  Diminish,  recede,  con- 
tract, fail,  stop,  die,  wane,  de- 
cline, subside,  ebb,  decay,  depre- 
ciate, crumble,  weaken. 
Grudge,  n.  Hatred,  pique,  ran- 
cor, spite,  malice,  malevolence; 
grievance,  aversion,  dissatisfac- 
tion, discontent,  refusal. 

ANT.  Welcome,  satisfaction, 
approval,  contentment,  bene- 
faction, complacency,  bestowal. 
Guardian.  Warden,  keeper,  pro- 
tector, defender,  preserver ;  cus- 
todian, conservator. 

ANT.  Pupil,  ward;  traitor, 
betrayer;  charge,  minor. 
Guess.  Conjecture,  divine,  sur- 
mise, mistrust,  suspect;  find 
out,  solve,  penetrate,  fathom; 
suppose,  think,  believe,  fancy, 
imagine;  hazard,  risk. 

ANT.  Examine,  prove,  inves- 
tigate, establish,  demonstrate, 
deduce,  elaborate,  illustrate. 
•Guide,  n.  Director,  conductor, 
pilot ;  mentor,  monitor,  adviser, 
instructor,  counselor;  clue, 
key;  itinerary. 

ANT.  Follower,  disciple,  im- 
itator, pupil. 

Guide,  v.  Lead,  conduct,  pilot; 
direct,  rule,  manage,  regulate, 
govern,  control,  steer;  superin- 
tend, influence,  train. 

ANT.  Mislead,  misconduct, 
misdirect,  mismanage,  misregu- 
late,  misguide,  miseducate,  be- 
tray, deceive,  impose  upon,  dis- 
appoint, cheat. 

Guile.  Cunning,  craft,  subtlety, 
artifice,  artfulness,  deceit,  du- 


plicity, deception,  fraud,  wiles, 
trickery;  treachery,  insidious- 
ness,  hypocrisy. 

ANT.  Frankness,  simplicity, 
honesty,  candor,  generosity,  sin» 
cerity,  truth,  veracity. 

Guilt.  Guiltiness,  culpability, 
criminality;  wrong,  offensive- 
ness,  wickedness,  ill  desert,  in* 
iquity,  sin,  offense. 

ANT.  Sinlessness,  innocence^ 
purity,  godliness,  righteous- 
ness. 

Guise.  Aspect,  appearance,  garb, 
dress,  form,  shape,  figure,  man- 
ner, mode,  fashion;  practice, 
habit,  custom;  semblance,  plea, 
demeanor,  mien. 

ANT.  Character,  person,  in- 
dividual, sentiment,  disposition, 
opinion,  life,  mind,  soul,  self. 

Gumption.  Shrewdness,  discern- 
ment, sagacity,  skill,  cleverness, 
ability,  capacity,  power,  pene- 
tration, common  sense. 

Gush,  v.  Burst,  stream,  flow, 
rush,  spout,  pour  out,  flow  out; 
sentimentalize,  be  overeffusive. 
ANT.  Drip,  drop,  filter,  ooze, 
percolate,  dribble,  drain,  strain, 
trickle. 

Gust.  Taste,  relish,  zest,  liking; 
pleasure,  enjoyment,  delight, 
delectation,  gratification;  turn, 
fancy,  favor;  blast,  squall;  fit, 
outburst,  burst,  paroxysm ; 
puff,  breeze,  gale. 

ANT.  Calm,  tranquillity,  sub- 
sidence, composure,  restraint, 
zephyr;  insipidity,  tasteless- 
ness. 


t  142  ] 


hab] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


than. 


Habiliment.  Dress,  garments, 
clothes,  apparel,  vesture,  rai- 
ment, habit,  costume,  vestment, 
garb,  robes,  uniform,  cloth- 
ing. 

ANT.  Undress,  nudity,  bare- 
ness, deshabille,  divestment. 

Habit.  Condition,  constitution, 
temperament;  way,  manner; 
dress,  garb,  habiliment;  habit- 
uation,  familiarity,  association, 
inurement;  routine,  rule,  cus- 
tom, fashion,  practice,  system, 
habitude,  use,  usage,  wont. 

ANT.  Dishabituation,  inex- 
perience, inconversance,  desue- 
tude, disuse,  breach,  infringe- 
ment, disusage. 

Habitation.  Abode,  dwelling, 
lodging,  domicil,  headquar- 
ters, quarters,  dwelling-place. 

Habitual.  Usual,  customary, 
wonted,  common,  accustomed, 
regular,  ordinary,  familiar, 
everyday,  perpetual. 

ANT.  Irregular,  extraordi- 
nary, unusual,  occasional,  ex- 
ceptional, rare. 

Haggard.  Wild,  wayward,  in- 
tractable, refractory,  unruly, 
untamed;  gaunt,  lean,  spare, 
meager,  worn,  wasted,  raw- 
boned  ;  attenuated,  wrinkled, 
ghastly,  hollow-eyed. 

ANT.  Sleek,  smug,  plump, 
chubby,  comely,  nightly,  pretty. 

Hail.  Accost,  address,  salute, 
greet,  welcome,  call,  speak,  sig- 
nal. 

ANT.  Ignore,  avoid,  pass, 
cut,  disdain,  insult,  rebuff. 

Halcyon.      Calm,   quiet,    placid, 
still,  peaceful,  tranquil,  undis- 
turbed,   unruffled,    palmy,    se- 
rene, happy,  golden,  balmy. 
ANT.     Stormy,  tempestuous, 


troublous,    boisterous,    bluster- 
ing, turbulent,  violent. 

Hale.      Healthy,    sound,    strong, 
robust,  hearty,  hardy,  well. 
ANT.    Feeble,  sickly,  weak. 

Half,  n.  Bisection,  dimidiation, 
moiety. 

ANT.  Integrity,  total,  whole, 
entirety,  sum,  amount,  aggre- 
gate, quantity,  number. 

Hallow.  Consecrate,  dedicate, 
sanctify,  devote,  make  holy; 
reverence,  venerate,  honor,  re- 
spect, pay  homage  to,  enshrine. 
ANT.  Desecrate,  profane,  ex~ 
ecrate,  blaspheme,  abominate. 

Halt.  Stop,  hold,  stand,  pull  up  j 
limp,  hobble;  rest,  falter,  ham- 
per, stammer,  demur,  dubitate, 
pause,  stand  still,  hesitate. 

ANT.  Advance,  flow,  speed; 
determine,  decide,  conclude,  fin- 
ish. 

Hamper.  Hinder,  fetter,  en- 
tangle, shackle,  clog,  encum- 
ber, restrain,  impede. 

ANT.  Free,  liberate,  loose; 
expedite,  hasten,  speed,  accel- 
erate. 

Hand.  Palm  and  fingers;  side, 
direction,  part;  skill,  dexterity, 
talent,  ability,  faculty;  handi- 
work, workmanship;  man- 
agement, course;  asrency,  share, 
intervention,  participation;  la- 
borer, workman,  operative,  ar- 
tificer, artisan,  craftsman,  em- 
ployee; possession,  power,  con- 
trol; index,  pointer,  indicator; 
chirography,  handwriting;  in- 
fluonce;  handful,  bunch. 
ANT.  Employer. 

Handle.  Touch,  feel,  take;  man- 
age, use.  wield;  treat,  discuss, 
discourse;  deal  with;  operate,, 
manipulate- 


[   H3  1 


ban] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[har 


ANT.  Drop,  bungle,  misman- 
age, botch,  spoil,  mar. 
Handsome.  Comely,  stately, 
well-formed,  fine-looking;  easy, 
graceful,  becoming,  appropri- 
ate; generous,  liberal,  noble, 
magnanimous,  disinterested; 
ample,  sufficient,  large,  plenti- 
ful; beautiful,  pretty,  lovely, 
elegant. 

ANT.  Uncomely,  ill-looking, 
ungenerous,  illiberal,  ugly,  un- 
sightly, ghastly. 

Handy.  Dexterous,  adroit,  skil- 
ful, skilled,  ready,  clever,  ex- 
pert; convenient,  near,  at  hand. 

ANT.  Remote,  inconvenient, 
umoieldy,  cumbrous,  awkward, 
useless,  unhandy. 
Hang.  Rest,  lean,  depend,  poise, 
suspend;  attach,  incline,  drop, 
decline,  droop;  execute;  drape, 
adorn;  dangle,  be  suspended, 
adhere,  rely,  stick,  cling;  hover, 
float,  play;  attend. 

ANT.  Stand,  recline,  lean, 
lie;  prop,  support,  uphold. 
Happen.  Chance,  occur,  befall, 
bechance,  betide,  fall,  come  to 
pass,  fall  out,  take  place,  super- 
vene. 

ANT.  Miss,  omit,  fail,  pass, 
spare,  pass  by,  neglect,  dis- 
card. 

Happiness.  Delight/ joy,  pleas- 
ure, satisfaction,  comfort,  bliss, 
triumph,  mirth,  gaiety,  ecstasy, 
gladness,  rejoicing,  rapture, 
contentment,  merriment,  bless- 
edness, felicity,  cheer,  enjoy- 
ment, well-being,  light-hearted- 
ness,  cheerfulness,  brightness; 
beatitude,  prosperity. 

ANT.  Grief,  sorrow,  anguish, 
trouble,  mourning,  misfortune, 
affliction,  disaster,  woe,  agony, 
distress,  torture,  torment,  mel- 
ancholy. 

Happy.  Gay,  glad,  joyous,  cheer- 
ful, blessed,  delighted,  joyful, 


jolly,  successful,  rejoicing, 
blissful,  lucky,  merry,  fortu- 
nate, rejoiced,  jocund,  buoy- 
ant, felicitous,  bright,  blithe- 
some, sunny,  cheering,  cheery, 
sprightly,  delightful,  smiling, 
mirthful,  pleased,  prosperous, 
rapturous;  light-hearted,  blest, 
gladdened,  charmed;  ready,  ex- 
pert, apt,  skilful,  adroit,  able, 
dexterous ;  seasonable,  oppor- 
tune, befitting,  pertinent,  well- 
timed  ;  auspicious,  propitious, 
favorable. 

ANT.  Unlucky,  unfortuna,te, 
unsuccessful,  infelicitous,  sor- 
rowful, sorry,  dull,  lugubrious, 
disappointed,  desponding,  un- 
happy. 

Harangue.  Speech,  public  or 
formal  address,  oration;  bom- 
bast, declamation,  tirade, 
screed;  effusion,  rant. 

ANT.  Mumble,  drawl,  insinu- 
ation, suggestion,  stammering, 
reasoning,  blandiloquence,  stut- 
tering. 

Harass.  Fatigue,  tire,  weary, 
annoy,  exhaust;  vex,  plague, 
worry,  distress,  trouble,  molest, 
disturb,  torment,  harry;  jade, 
tease,  irritate,  chafe,  harrow, 
pester,  perplex. 

ANT.  Relieve,  refresh,  com- 
fort, solace,  soothe,  animate,  in- 
spirit. 

Harbinger.  Herald,  forerunner, 
precursor,  announcer. 

ANT.  Reporter,  narrator,  fol- 
lower, attendant,  historian,  re- 
lator. 

Harbor,  n.  Asylum,  refuge,  shel- 
ter, cover,  retreat,  sanctuary, 
resting-place;  port,  haven,  des- 
tination, home,  anchorage. 

ANT.  Labor,  toil,  peril,  ex- 
posure, roving,  wandering,  voy- 
age, roaming,  pilgrimage. 

Harbor,  v.  Shelter,  lodge,  pro- 
tect; entertain,  indulge,  foster, 


E  144  ] 


fear] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[har 


cherish;  secrete;  accommodate, 
encourage. 

ANT.  Eject,  expel,  discard, 
discourage,  stifle,  exclude,  ban- 
ish, dismiss. 

Hard.  Firm,  solid,  compact,  im- 
penetrable, rigid,  unyielding ; 
difficult,  embarrassing,  knotty, 
puzzling,  intricate,  perplexing; 
laborious,  arduous,  toilsome, 
wearying,  fatiguing;  unkind, 
insensible,  cruel,  oppressive, 
rigorous,  severe,  exacting,  in- 
flexible, obdurate,  callous,  un- 
feeling, unsympathetic;  griev- 
ous, distressing,  painful,  calam- 
itous, unpleasant,  disagreeable; 
inclement,  stormy,  cold,  severe, 
tempestuous;  harsh,  sour,  acid, 
rough ;  coarse,  unpalatable ;  un- 
favorable, unprosperous,  unpro- 
pitious;  stiff,  unnatural,  forced, 
constrained,  ungraceful ;  exces- 
sive, intemperate;  inexplicable, 
flinty,  dense,  stubborn,  hardy, 
hardened. 

ANT.  Soft,  fluid,  liquid,  elas- 
tic, brittle,  easy,  penetrable, 
mild,  lenient,  tender,  ductile, 
simple,  uninvolved,  intelligible, 
perspicuous. 

Harden.  Indurate,  make  hard; 
habituate,  inure,  season,  form, 
train,  accustom,  discipline;  for- 
tify, strengthen,  steel,  nerve, 
brace ;  scar,  make  callous,  make 
obdurate;  consolidate,  compact. 
ANT.  Disinure,  relax,  ener- 
vate, debilitate,  soften,  disha- 
bituate, melt,  mollify,  vaporize, 
colliquate. 

Hardihood.  Firmness,  fortitude, 
resolution,  mettle,  pluck,  man- 
hood, courage,  bravery,  bold- 
ness, intrepidity,  audacity,  de- 
cision, determination;  effron- 
tery, assurance,  brass. 

ANT.  Weakness,  effeminacy ; 
timidity,  fear;  indecision;  cow- 
ardice. 


Hardly.  Scarcely,  barely,  just; 
severely,  rigorously,  unkindly, 
roughly,  cruelly;  merely,  nar- 
rowly. 

ANT.  Fully,  amply,  easily, 
abundantly,  largely. 

Hardship.  Toil,  fatigue,  weari- 
ness ;  grievance,  suffering,  trial, 
affliction,  trouble,  misfortune, 
calamity,  burden,  hardness ;  an- 
noyance, infliction,  endurance. 

ANT.  Pleasure,  amusement, 
alleviation,  recreation,  gratifi- 
cation, relief,  assuagement,  fa- 
cilitation, treat,  boon. 

Hardy.  Bold,  intrepid,  resolute, 
brave,  daring,  valiant,  heroic, 
manly,  stout-hearted,  coura- 
geous; strong,  robust,  firm, 
lusty,  stout,  healthy,  rigorous, 
hale,  sound,  hearty;  inured, 
vigorous. 

ANT.  Weak,  uninured,  irres- 
olute, delicate,  debilitated,  ten- 
der, fragile,  frail,  infirm. 

Harm.  Injury,  hurt,  detriment, 
mischief,  damage,  prejudice, 
disadvantage ;  evil,  criminality, 
wrong,  wickedness;  misfortune, 
ill,  mishap. 

ANT.  Benefit,  boon,  amelio- 
ration, improvement,  compen- 
sation, reparation,  remedy, 
healing. 

Harmless.  Innocuous,  innocent, 
innoxious,  gentle,  inoffensive ; 
unhurt,  unharmed,  uninjured. 

ANT.  Noxious,  hurtful,  noc- 
uous, savage,  cruel,  deadly,  mis- 
chievous, violent,  pernicious, 
destructive. 

Harmonious.  Concordant,  har- 
monic, consonant;  melodious, 
tuneful,  musical,  dulcet,  mellif- 
luous ;  correspondent,  consis- 
tent, symmetrical,  congruent; 
friendly,  cordial,  amicable,  fra- 
ternal, brotherly,  neighborly ; 
accordant,  proportioned,  uni- 
form, peaceful,  agreeable. 


[  145  ] 


liar] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[hav 


ANT.  Discordant,  incongru- 
ous, unsJiapely,  harsh,  dispro- 
portioned,  unmelodious,  sharp, 
grating,  riotous,  unfriendly, 
unpeaceful,  quarrelsome. 

Harmony.  Concord,  amity,  ac- 
cordance, unison,  consent,  un- 
animity, unity,  accord,  agree- 
ment, uniformity,  symmetry, 
union,  conformity,  consonance, 
congruity,  concurrence,  consis- 
tency. 

ANT.  Hostility,  separation, 
discord,  warfare,  battle,  vari- 
ance, conflict,  disagreement, 
disunion,  dissension,  conten- 
tion, antagonism,  contest,  con- 
troversy, schism,  opposition, 
incongruity,  difference,  incon- 
sistency, disproportion. 

Harsh.  Rough,  sour,  crabbed, 
tart,  hard,  biting,  sharp,  cor- 
rosive, caustic;  grating,  dis- 
cordant, jarring;  morose,  se- 
vere, stern,  austere,  acrimoni- 
ous, ill-natured,  unkind,  un- 
feeling; rude,  uncivil,  blunt,  un- 
gracious, gruff,  brutal,  bearish ; 
abusive,  rigorous,  rancorous. 

ANT.  Smooth,  lenient,  me- 
lodious, genial,  kindly,  suave, 
bland,  gentle. 

Harvest.  Fruit,  crop,  increase, 
yield,  result,  return,  proceeds, 
product,  growth,  ingathering, 
harvest-feast,  harvest-festival, 
harvest-time,  harvest-home. 

Haste.  Despatch,  celerity,  speed, 
promptitude,  quickness;  hurry, 
precipitation,  vehemence,  pre- 
cipitance ;  expedition,  excite- 
ment, heedlessness,  swiftness. 

ANT.  Delay,  slowness,  tardi- 
ness, coolness,  reflection,  mod- 
eration, steadiness. 

Hasten.  Expedite,  despatch,  ac- 
celerate, speed,  hurry,  hustle, 
quicken,  precipitate,  press  on, 
urge  forward;  haste,  make 
haste;  urge,  press. 


ANT.  Retard,  impede,  ob- 
struct, demur,  halt,  hesitate. 
Hasty.  Quick,  swift,  fleet,  fast, 
rapid,  brisk,  speedy;  cursory, 
slight,  hurried,  superficial; 
headlong,  rash,  reckless,  pre- 
cipitate, indiscreet,  thought- 
less; passionate,  touchy,  irri- 
table, petulant,  waspish,  ex- 
citable, fiery,  hot,  irascible, 
peppery,  fretful ;  impetuous, 
crude,  incomplete,  immature, 
undeveloped. 

ANT.  Tardy,  slow,  leisurely, 
careful,  reflective,  developed, 
complete,  matured,  elaborate, 
thoughtful,  deliberate. 
Hateful.  Malignant,  malevo- 
lent, malign;  abominable,  de- 
testable, odious,  execrable,  ab- 
horrent, horrid,  shocking,  ac- 
cursed, damnable ;  loathsome, 
disgusting,  nauseous,  foul,  re- 
pulsive, offensive,  vile,  obnox- 
ious, revolting,  repugnant; 
heinous. 

ANT.  Lovely,  loveable,  de- 
sirable, delightful,  attractive, 
enticing,  enjoyable,  tempting, 
pleasant. 

Hatred.  Enmity,  dislike,  hos- 
tility, anger,  abhorrence,  aver- 
sion, spite,  revenge,  grudge,  ill 
will,  malice,  antipathy,  resent- 
ment, animosity,  malignity,  re- 
pugnance, rancor,  detestation, 
malevolence. 

ANT.  Friendship,  love,  be- 
nevolence, charity,  beneficence. 
Have.  Hold,  occupy,  own,  pos- 
sess, be  in  possession  of,  re- 
gard, consider,  esteem;  wish, 
require,  desire;  obtain,  get,  ac- 
quire, receive,  gain;  be  obliged, 
be  under  necessity;  take,  ac- 
cept; bear,  bring  forth;  feel, 
entertain,  enjoy,  keep. 

ANT.  Want,  need,  lose,  dis- 
card, forego,  miss,  reject,  covet, 
desire. 


[  146  ] 


hav] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[hea 


Havoc.  Ravage,  devastation, 
destruction,  desolation,  waste, 
ruin;  carnage,  slaughter;  dem- 
olition, wreck. 

ANT.  Conservation,  enrich- 
ment, enhancement,  augmen- 
tation, development,  prosper- 
ity, productiveness,  luxuriance. 

Hazard,  n.  Chance,  peril,  ven- 
ture, risk,  casualty,  accident, 
contingency,  danger,  jeopardy, 
fortuity. 

ANT.  Safeguard,  protection, 
security,  surety,  certainty,  ne- 
cessity, plan,  assurance,  safety ; 
warrant,  calculation,  law. 

Hazy.  Foggy,  misty,  nebulous, 
filmy,  gauzy,  cloudy,  murky, 
gloomy. 

ANT.  Clear,  crystalline,  di- 
aphanous, transparent,  bright, 
luminous,  shining. 

Head.  Top,  summit,  acme; 
front,  fore  part;  rise,  com- 
mencement, source,  origin,  be- 
ginning; chief  part,  principal 
part;  person,  individual;  chief, 
chieftain,  leader,  commander, 
master,  superintendent,  direc- 
tor; first  place;  understand- 
ing, mind,  thought,  intellect; 
topic,  subject;  class,  section, 
department,  category,  division; 
seat  of  the  brain ;  crown,  ruler, 
crisis,  gathering,  culmination, 
leadership,  guide. 

ANT.  Tail,  bottom,  foot,  fol- 
loicer,  servant,  retainer,  sub- 
ordinate, subordination,  inferi- 
ority, body,  bulk,  substance, 
continuation. 

Heal.  Cure,  remedy,  restore; 
reconcile,  compose,  soothe,  har- 
monize, settle;  be  cured,  get 
well ;  repair,  assuage,  cicatrize. 
ANT.  Harm,  hurt,  wound, 
pierce,  ulcerate. 

Healthy.  Healthful,  sanitary, 
hearty,  hygienic,  well,  vigor- 
ous, strong,  sound,  wholesome, 


hale,   salutary,   salubrious,  in- 
vigorating, bracing. 

ANT.  Unhealthy,  noxious, 
pernicious,  insalubrious;  ill, 
sickly,  unhealthful,  weak,  dis- 
eased, feeble,  wasted,  emaci- 
ated, fainting,  failing,  unsound, 
worn,  frail,  fragile,  exhausted, 
delicate. 

Heart.  Organ  of  circulation; 
interior,  center,  essence,  core, 
kernel ;  disposition,  mind,  will, 
inclination,  intent,  passion,  pur- 
pose; spirit,  courage,  firmness, 
fortitude,  resolution;  love,  af- 
fection, feeling,  emotion;  con- 
science, character,  moral  na- 
ture; nucleus,  hardihood,  life, 
benevolence. 

ANT.  Rand,  action,  aspect, 
exterior,  manifestation,  deed, 
conduct,  timidity. 

Heart-broken.  Forlorn,  dis- 
consolate, inconsolable,  miser- 
able, wretched,  desolate,  cheer- 
less, comfortless,  in  despair, 
broken-hearted,  wobegone. 

ANT.  Cheerful,  hopeful, 
trusting. 

Heartily.  Cordially,  zealously, 
sincerely,  earnestly. 

ANT.  Half-heartedly,  insin- 
cerely, indifferently. 

Hearty.  Earnest,  warm,  cor- 
dial, sincere,  true,  deep,  pro- 
found, heartfelt,  unfeigned;  ac- 
tive, zealous,  vigorous,  ener- 
getic, animated;  healthy,  hale, 
sound,  strong,  well,  robust; 
abundant,  full,  heavy;  nour- 
ishing, rich,  nutritious;  hon- 
est, genuine. 

ANT.  Delicate,  infirm,  un- 
healthy, cold,  insincere,  hol- 
low, dissembling,  deceptive,  de- 
ceitful, hypocritical,  false. 

Heat.  Warmth,  high  tempera- 
ture; excitement,  flush,  vehe- 
mence, impetuosity,  passion, 
violence,  fever;  ardor,  earnest- 


[   147  ] 


hea] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[hei 


ness,  fervor,  eeal;  contest,  race, 
struggle;  intensity,  ebullition. 
ANT.  Coolness,  indifference, 
calmness,  subsidence,  compo- 
sure, reflection. 

Heathenish.  Heathen,  pagan, 
Gentile;  cruel,  savage,  inhu- 
man, ferocious ;  unconverted, 
unChristian,  unbelieving,  un- 
civilized. 

ANT.  Christian,  believing, 
refined,  civilized,  polished. 

Heave.  Lift,  hoist,  raise,  ele- 
vate; breathe,  exhale;  throw, 
toss,  hurl,  fling,  send;  uplift, 
upraise,  subelevate. 

ANT.  Dash,  sink,  lower,  de- 
trude, precipitate. 

Heaven.  Firmament,  sky,  wel- 
kin, empyrean;  Paradise,  bliss, 
Elysium;  felicity,  transport,  ec- 
stasy, happiness,  rapture,  tran- 
scendent delight. 

ANT.  Gehenna,  limbo,  abyss, 
Hades,  Tartarus,  Avernus,  in- 
fernal regions;  misery,  agony, 
torment,  remorse. 

Heavenly.  Celestial,  divine,  an- 
gelic, seraphic,  cherubic,  god- 
like, saintly,  sainted,  blessed, 
holy,  beatific,  beatified,  glori- 
fied, blest;  enrapturing,  rav- 
ishing, rapturous,  transport- 
ing, ecstatic,  delightful,  bliss- 
ful,  golden. 

ANT.  Demoniacal,  diaboli- 
cal, foul,  hideous,  fiendish,  hell- 
ish, infernal;  terrene,  human, 
terrestrial. 

Heavy.  Weighty,  ponderous, 
oppressive,  grievous,  severe, 
burdensome,  cumbersome,  af- 
flictive; dull,  sluggish,  inert, 
inactive,  stupid,  torpid,  indo- 
lent, slow,  lifeless,  inanimate; 
dejected,  depressed,  sorrowful, 
sad,  gloomy,  despondent,  mel- 
ancholy, disconsolate,  crushed, 
do\vncast,  crestfallen;  onerous, 
difficult,  laborious,  hard;  te- 


dious, weary,  tiresome,  weari- 
some ;  loaded,  encumbered,  bur- 
dened; miry,  muddy,  clayey, 
cloggy.  8°ggy>  ill-raised;  tem- 
pestuous, stormy,  strong,  vio- 
lent, energetic,  boisterous;  im- 
penetrable, stolid;  loud,  deep, 
roaring;  dense,  dark,  gloomy, 
cloudy,  lowering;  thick. 

ANT.  Light,  trifling,  trivial, 
agile,  active,  joyous,  brisk,  al~ 
leviative,  quick,  consolatory, 
buoyant,  inspiriting,  animat- 
ing. 

Hector.  Threaten,  bully,  men- 
ace; vex,  tease,  annoy,  worry, 
fret,  irritate,  provoke,  harass, 
harry;  swagger,  bluster,  boast, 
vaunt. 

ANT.  Cower,  shrink,  hide, 
abscond,  skulk. 

Heed.  Observe,  regard,  notice, 
mind,  attend,  harken  to,  listen 
to,  obey,  care,  be  wary  or  cau- 
tious. 

ANT.  Slight,  ignore,  disre- 
gard, neglect,  omit,  overlook. 

Heedful.  Observing,  regardful, 
watchful,  careful,  cautious,  at- 
tentive, wary,  provident,  cir- 
cumspect, mindful. 

ANT.  Heedless,  careless,  un- 
observing,  thoughtless,  unob- 
servant, inattentive,  negligent, 
regardless,  unmindful,  neglect- 
ful, remiss,  inconsiderate,  pre- 
cipitate, reckless,  headlong, 
rash. 

Height.  Altitude,  elevation; 
eminence,  summit,  top,  apex, 
acme;  hill,  mountain;  exalta- 
tion, stature,  dignity,  lofti- 
ness, grandeur;  tallness,  cul- 
mination, crisis. 

ANT.  Depth,  lowness,  de- 
pression, base,  littleness,  abase- 
ment;  profundity. 

Heighten.  Elevate,  raise;  mag- 
nify, exalt,  ennoble;  increase, 
enhance,  augment,  improve; 


hei] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[hid 


aggravate,  intensify;  color,  ex- 
aggerate, vivify,  amplify,  lift 
up. 

ANT.  Lower,  diminish,  de- 
press, abase,  deteriorate,  tem- 
per, tone,  modify,  qualify,  ex- 
tenuate. 

Heinous.  Flagrant,  flagitious, 
infamous,  villainous,  nefarious, 
wicked,  atrocious,  enormous, 
monstrous;  hateful,  detestable, 
odious,  abominable,  execrable. 

ANT.  Excellent,  laudable,  dis- 
tinguished, praiseworthy,  justi- 
fiable, meritorious,  excusable. 

Help.  Foster,  aid,  assist,  encour- 
age, succor,  uphold,  sustain, 
support,  abet,  cooperate,  sec- 
ond, stand  by,  befriend,  rem- 
edy, prevent,  avoid,  promote, 
relieve. 

ANT.  Obstruct,  incur,  resist, 
aggravate,  oppose,  thwart,  dis- 
courage, iC'ithstand,  counteract. 

Hereditary.  Ancestral,  patri- 
monial ;  transmitted,  inher- 
ited; lineal. 

ANT.  Conferred,  acquired, 
icon,  achieved. 

Heresy.  Heterodoxy,  error,  un- 
sound doctrine,  schism,  unor- 
thcdoxy. 

ANT.  Orthodoxy,  catholicity ; 
convention,  prevailing  belief. 

Heretic.  Dissenter,  schismatic, 
nonconformist,  heresiarch. 

ANT.  Orthodox  believer,  fa- 
natic, adherent. 

Heritage.  Inheritance,  entail- 
ment,  legacy,  bequest,  portion, 
patrimony,  estate. 

ANT.  Wages,  acquisition, 
merit,  compensation. 

Hermetically.  Secretly,  myste- 
riously, mystically,  occultly, 
emblematically,  symbolically ; 
air-tight,  closely. 

ANT.  Loosely,  misfittingly  ; 
openly. 

Heroic.      Brave,    valiant,    cour- 


ageous, bold,  daring,  intrepid, 
fearless,  dauntless,  noble,  mag- 
nanimous, gallant;  epic;  vio- 
lent, extreme,  desperate,  ex- 
travagant; undaunted,  chival- 
rous, romantic. 

ANT.  Dastardly,  cowardly, 
cravenly,  fearful,  timorous. 

Hesitate.  Doubt,  pause,  delay, 
demur,  waver,  vacillate;  falter, 
stammer ;  dubitate,  scruple. 

ANT.  Decide,  run,  flow,  de- 
termine, precipitate. 

Heterodox.     Unsound,  unortho- 
dox, heretical,  freethinking. 
ANT.    Sound,  orthodox. 

Heterogeneous.  Unlike,  vari- 
ant, various,  confused,  con- 
glomerate, mingled,  mixed,  dis- 
cordant, miscellaneous,  dissim- 
ilar, non-homogeneous ;  alien, 
strange,  different,  opposed,  con- 
trary, contrasted. 

ANT.  Homogeneous,  identi- 
cal, like,  same,  pure,  uniform, 
similar,  alike,  accordant,  con- 
gruous. 

Hew.     Cut,  chop,  hack;  smooth, 
fashion,  form ;  mold,  model,  en- 
grave, carve,  sculpture,  turn. 
ANT.    Leave  intact. 

Hibernal.  Wintry,  brumal,  arc- 
tic, glacial,  frigid. 

ANT.  Summery,  balmy,  zeph- 
yrous,  halcyon,  tropical. 

Hide.  Conceal,  secrete,  mask, 
dissemble,  protect,  store,  dis- 
guise, screen,  cover,  burrow,  en- 
sconce; suppress,  shelter,  with- 
hold, cloak,  veil,  bury,  inter, 
entomb,  overwhelm. 

ANT.  Expose,  disclose,  dis- 
cover, exhume,  show,  tell,  raise, 
reveal,  unveil,  unmask,  uncover, 
exhibit,  confess,  betray,  avow, 
divulge,  disinter,  make  known, 
lay  bare,  lay  open,  publish,  ad- 
vertise, manifest,  promulgate, 
admit;  strip. 

Hideous.       Frightful,    dreadful, 


[  149  ] 


big] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[hoi 


appalling,  horrible,  ghastly, 
terrible,  horrid,  grim,  shock- 
ing, grisly;  unshapely,  ugly, 
monstrous. 

ANT.  Graceful,  beautiful,  at- 
tractive, captivating. 

High.  Prominent,  superior,  dis- 
tinguished, preeminent;  dig- 
nified, great,  admirable;  recon- 
dite, abstruse,  occult,  profound, 
dark,  obscure,  transcendental; 
proud,  haughty,  arrogant,  su- 
percilious, lordly;  boastful,  os- 
tentatious, bragging,  vain-glo- 
rious ;  despotic,  domineering, 
overbearing,  tyrannical;  turbu- 
lent, violent,  strong,  tumultu- 
ous, boisterous;  extreme; 
complete,  full;  dear;  shrill, 
acute,  sharp,  high-pitched ; 
northerly,  southerly ;  early, 
primeval ;  capital,  principal ; 
strong-flavored;  noble,  exalted, 
steep,  tall,  towering,  uplifted, 
elevated,  eminent,  lofty. 

ANT.  Low,  base,  degraded, 
inferior,  mean,  short,  stunted, 
depressed,  dwarfed,  ignoble. 

Hinder.  Delay,  embarrass,  op- 
pose, prevent,  stay,  stop,  re- 
tard, hamper,  impede,  baffle,  en- 
cumber, check,  bar,  clog,  coun- 
teract, frustrate,  foil,  inter- 
rupt, obstruct,  resist,  thwart, 
block,  balk,  debar. 

ANT.  Quicken,  hasten,  speed, 
accelerate,  expedite,  enable,  fa- 
cilitate, promote. 

Hinge.  Turn,  depend,  hang,  be 
dependent;  move,  work,  rotate, 
circulate. 

ANT.  Halt,  jar,  grate,  pre- 
cipitate, abrade;  give,  fail. 

Hire.  Engage,  commission,  rent, 
employ;  bribe,  buy  up;  lease, 
let. 

ANT.    Buy,  purchase. 

History.  Annals,  chronicle,  re- 
cital, memoir,  narrative,  rec- 
ord, register,  story,  account, 


archives,  narration,  muniment, 
memorial,  autobiography,  bi- 
ography. 

ANT.    Fiction,  fable. 

Hit.  Strike;  reach,  attain,  win, 
secure,  gain ;  suit,  accord  with ; 
clash,  collide;  succeed,  be  suc- 
cessful; chance,  hazard,  touch, 
mistake. 

ANT.  Fail,  err,  miss,  mis- 
chance, swerve,  deflect,  over- 
shoot. 

Hitch.  Catch,  get  stuck  or  im- 
peded; go  by  jerks;  fasten, 
unite,  connect,  tie,  attach;  bar,, 
stick,  stitkle,  jam. 

ANT.  Run,  glide,  slide,  ro- 
tate, flow,  continue. 

Hoard.  Store,  deposit,  save,  gar- 
ner, husband,  hive,  accumu- 
late, amass,  treasure. 

ANT.  Waste,  squander,  dis- 
sipate, scatter. 

Hoarse.  Husky,  raucous;  gra- 
ting, rough,  harsh,  low,  gut- 
tural, gruff. 

ANT.  Melodious,  rich,  mel- 
low, sweet,  mellifluous. 

Hoary.  Hoar,  white,  gray,  sil- 
very, frosty. 

ANT.    Dark,  raven,  jet,  black. 

Hoax.  Deceive,  cheat,  impose 
upon;  befool,  bamboozle,  trick, 
dupe. 

ANT.  Guide,  enlighten,  in- 
form, undeceive,  direct,  regu- 
late, correct. 

Hobby.  Nag,  hobby-horse;  pur- 
suit, whim,  amusement,  spe- 
cialty, idiosyncrasy. 

ANT.  Nuisance,  horror,  aver- 
sion, incubus,  bugbear,  scare- 
crow. 

Hold.  Possess,  retain,  have,  oc- 
cupy; clasp,  grasp,  clutch, 
clinch ;  restrain,  confine,  im- 
prison, detain;  bind,  fasten, 
unite,  connect;  stop,  stay,  ar- 
rest, suspend,  withhold;  sup- 
port, maintain,  sustain,  con- 


[  150  ] 


hoi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[hon 


tinue,  prosecute;  embrace,  en- 
tertain, cherish;  heed,  regard, 
consider,  notice,  judge,  esteem, 
count,  reckon,  deem;  contain, 
admit;  celebrate,  solemnize;  as- 
semble, convene ;  cohere,  ad- 
here, cling,  stick,  cleave;  be 
firm,  be  fast,  persist,  last,  en- 
dure; be  derived;  think,  be  of 
opinion,  believe;  stand,  be 
true. 

ANT.  Drop,  surrender,  fail, 
abandon,  desert,  release,  forego, 
vacate,  concede,  break,  cease; 
speed,  accelerate;  give,  dis- 
pense; disperse. 

Hollow,  a.  Empty,  void,  va- 
cant, vacuous,  cavernous ;  in- 
sincere, false,  faithless,  hypo- 
critical, treacherous,  deceitful, 
false-hearted,  pharisaical ;  ar- 
tificial, concave,  insubstantial, 
flimsy,  transparent,  senseless, 
unsound;  deep,  low,  rumbling. 
ANT.  Full,  solid,  firm,  sin- 
cere, well-stored,  strong,  true, 
sound,  genuine,  substantial. 

Holy.  Hallowed,  sacred,  conse- 
crated, blessed,  devoted,  set 
apart;  righteous,  saintly,  spir- 
itual, devout,  saintlike,  godly, 
religious,  heavenly-minded,  pi- 
ous, pure;  reverend,  sanctified, 
divine. 

ANT.  Cursed,  polluted,  un- 
sanctified,  unconsecrated,  un- 
hallowed, wicked,  worldly,  ab- 
ominable, common,  impure,  un- 
holy, secular,  profane,  evil. 

Homage.  Fealty,  allegiance,  de- 
votion, loyalty,  fidelity;  rever- 
ence, obeisance,  respect,  def- 
erence, duty,  service,  honor; 
worship,  adoration ;  affiance, 
submission,  veneration. 

ANT.  Treason,  rebellion,  de- 
fiance, insubordination,  disaf- 
fection. 

Home.  Habitation,  hearth,  resi- 
dence, house,  abode,  dwelling, 


domicil,    fireside,    hearthstone, 
ingleside. 

Homely.  Domestic,  homelike ; 
plain,  coarse,  uncomely,  inele- 
gant, homespun;  rather  ugly. 

ANT.  Handsome,  beautiful, 
courtly,  refined,  elegant. 

Honest.  Honorable,  fair,  open, 
straightforward,  equitable;  up- 
right, virtuous,  conscientious, 
just,  true,  faithful,  trusty,  re- 
liable, trustworthy;  genuine, 
thorough ;  decent,  reputable,  re- 
spectable, creditable,  suitable, 
proper;  chaste;  truthful,  in- 
genuous, sincere,  frank,  unre- 
served, candid,  good. 

ANT.  Lying,  unscrupulous, 
mendacious,  untrue,  deceitful, 
dishonest,  false,  hypocritical, 
fraudulent,  disingenuous,  per- 
fidious, faithless,  treacherous, 
unfaithful,  traitorous;  dishon- 
orable, improper,  wrong,  insin- 
cere, vicious. 

Honesty.  Integrity,  upright- 
ness, probity,  justice,  fairness, 
equity,  honor,  fidelity,  faithful- 
ness; truth,  truthfulness,  ve- 
racity; genuineness,  thorough- 
ness; chastity,  virtue;  sincer- 
ity, candor,  frankness,  open- 
ness, unreserve,  ingenuousness ; 
straightforwardness,  rectitude. 
ANT.  Insincerity,  trickery, 
dishonesty,  guile,  fraud,  decep- 
tion, unfairness,  chicanery. 

Honor.  Veneration,  reverence, 
respect,  homage,  deference,  civ- 
ility; dignity,  elevation,  dis- 
tinction ;  majesty ;  reputation, 
repute,  fame,  esteem,  credit, 
glory,  consideration;  integrity, 
probity,  rectitude;  pride,  nobil- 
ity, eminence,  high-mindedness, 
spirit,  self-respect,  grandeur, 
renown. 

ANT.  Contempt,  irreverence, 
disrespect,  slight,  obscurity,  de~ 
moralization,  degradation,  de~ 


hon] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


basement,  disgrace,  cowardice, 
infamy,  dishonor. 

Honorable.  Honest,  upright, 
high-minded,  illustrious,  noble, 
great,  just,  fair,  trustworthy, 
conscientious,  virtuous,  esti- 
mable, reputable,  right,  proper, 
creditable,  equitable. 

ANT.  Dishonorable,  dishon- 
est, false,  treacherous. 

Honorary.  Unofficial,  nominal, 
gratuitous,  titular,  unremuner- 
ative. 

ANT.  Professional,  official, 
remunerative,  jurisdictional. 

Hoot.  Shout ;  cry  like  an  owl ; 
denounce,  hiss,  execrate,  cry 
down,  decry,  sibilate. 

ANT.  Salute,  welcome,  cheer, 
"honor,  acclaim,  eulogize. 

Hope.  Trust,  confidence,  faith, 
reliance ;  expectancy,  expecta- 
tion, possibility ;  dependence ; 
anticipation,  prospect,  longing, 
vision,  desire. 

ANT.  Despair,  despondency, 
distrust,  abandonment,  disbe- 
lief, abjuration. 

Horizontal.  Plain,  flat,  level, 
even,  plane. 

ANT.  Vertical,  inclined,  un- 
even, slanting,  sloping,  hilly, 
"broken,  irregular,  rough,  roll- 
ing, rugged. 

Horrible.  Horrid,  frightful,  ter- 
rible, terrific,  alarming,  dire, 
portentous,  appalling,  horrific, 
horrifying,  formidable,  awful, 
harrowing,  dreadful,  hideous, 
fearful ;  abominable,  ghastly, 
detestable,  hateful,  direful. 

ANT.  Lovely,  desirable,  en- 
joyable, attractive,  beautiful, 
fair,  pleasant,  amiable. 

Horror.  Fright,  alarm,  dread. 
fear,  consternation,  terror,  af- 
fright, dismay,  panic;  abomi- 
nation, abhorrence,  detestation, 
disgust,  hatred,  shuddering,  an- 
tipathy; shrinking. 


ANT.  Love,  attraction,  en- 
ticement, allurement. 

Horse.  Steed,  charger,  stallion, 
gelding,  mare,  colt,  pony,  nag, 
courser,  barb,  filly,  palfrey; 
cavalry,  horsemen;  stand,  sup- 
port, frame. 

Hospitable.  Generous,  liberal, 
bountiful,  open,  kind,  uncon- 
strained, unreserved,  receptive, 
large-minded;  sociable,  neigh- 
borly, charitable. 

ANT.  Unsociable,  exclusive, 
retired,  recluse,  unneighborlyt 
churlish. 

Host.  Entertainer ;  innkeeper, 
landlord;  army,  legion;  multi- 
tude, horde,  throng,  number,  as- 
semblage. 

ANT.  Handful,  sprinkling, 
group,  knot,  corps,  section; 
guest,  traveler,  boarder,  lodger. 

Hostage.     Sponsor,  bail,  surety. 
ANT.    Dictator,  conqueror. 

Hostile.  Inimical,  unfriendly ; 
adverse,  opposite,  contrary,  re- 
pugnant, opposing,  opposed. 

ANT.  Friendly,  kindly,  ami- 
cable, neighborly,  cordial,  con- 
genial. 

Hostility.  Enmity,  animosity, 
hatred,  unfriendliness,  ill  will; 
opposition,  repugnance,  vari* 
ance,  contrariety. 

ANT.  Companionship,  con- 
geniality, sympathy,  harmony, 
fellow-feeling,  concord,  alliance, 
kindliness,  friendship. 

Hot.  Burning,  fiery,  scalding, 
heated,  very  warm;  irascible, 
impetuous,  excitable,  passion- 
ate, hasty,  furious,  violent;  ar- 
dent, fervent,  vehement,  eager, 
glowing,  animated,  fervid;  bit- 
ing, pungent,  sharp,  acrid,  pep- 
pery, stinging,  piquant,  high- 
flavored;  choleric. 

ANT.  Cold,  frigid,  cool,  arc- 
tic, chilled,  chilly,  boreal,  bleak, 
wintry,  frosty,  icy;  apatheticf 


[  152 


hug] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[hyb 


unresponsive,  unfeeling,  stoical, 
passionless,  uninspiring,  dull, 
dead,  indifferent,  unconcerned. 

Huge.  Immense,  enormous,  co- 
lossal, vast,  bulky,  stupendous, 
gigantic,  elephantine,  Hercu- 
lean, Cyclopean,  large,  great, 
monstrous,  prodigious. 

ANT.  Petty,  pigmy,  puny, 
undersized,  small,  minute. 

Human.  Cosmical,  ethnical,  an- 
thropological, rational,  civil- 
ized. 

ANT.  Inhuman,  beastly,  ir- 
rational, animal,  brutish. 

Humane.  Kind,  benevolent,  be- 
nignant, accommodating,  ten- 
der, compassionate,  charitable, 
sympathetic,  gentle,  clement, 
kind-hearted ;  tender-hearted ; 
elevating,  refining,  cultivating, 
rational,  spiritual,  humaniz- 
ing; benign,  merciful,  gracious, 
pitying,  human,  forgiving. 

AXT.  Barbarous ;  inhuman, 
unkind,  cruel,  unmerciful. 

Humanity.  Mankind ;  benevo- 
lence, kindness,  philanthropy, 
tenderness,  sympathy,  charity, 
humaneness,  good  nature;  hu- 
man spirit,  rationality,  reason, 
culture;  man,  compassion,  sen- 
sibility. 

ANT.  Unkindness,  cruelty, 
inhumanity,  irrationality,  bes- 
tiality, barbarity. 

Humanize.  Soften,  make  hu- 
mane ;  civilize,  cultivate,  re- 
fine, polish,  improve,  enlighten, 
reclaim,  educate;  ameliorate, 
christianize. 

ANT.  Barbarize,  degrade,  de- 
base, brutalize,  depress. 

Humble.  Meek,  modest,  unas- 
suming, unobtrusive,  lowly,  un- 
pretending, submissive,  small, 
poor,  low;  obscure. 

ANT.  High,  lofty,  assuming, 
pretentious,  proud,  boastful,  ar- 
rogant, eminent. 


Humid.  Damp,  wet,  moist,  va- 
porous, dank,  spongy. 

ANT.  Dry,  arid,  moisture' 
less,  parched. 

Humor,  n.  Disposition,  temper, 
bent,  propensity,  bias,  predilec- 
tion; mood,  frame  of  mind, 
fancy,  caprice,  whim,  freak,  va- 
gary, crotchet;  pleasantry,  fun, 
jocularity,  wit,  facetiousness. 

ANT.  Nature,  personalityt 
mind,  purpose,  will,  seriousness. 

Humorous.  Facetious,  jocular, 
jocose,  funny,  comical,  sport- 
ive, comic,  ludicrous,  pleasant, 
witty. 

ANT.  Grave,  serious,  sober, 
matter-of-fact,  solemn,  sad. 

Hurry,  n.  Flutter,  flurry,  pre- 
cipitation, confusion,  bluster, 
bustle,  agitation,  perturbation; 
haste,  despatch,  celerity,  expe- 
dition, quickness,  promptness. 
ANT.  Slowness;  composure. 

Hurry,  v.  Haste,  hasten,  move 
quickly;  urge,  speed,  expedite, 
despatch,  accelerate. 

AXT.  Delay,  retard,  slow 
down;  loiter,  saunter,  move 
slowly. 

Hurt,  n.  Damage,  harm,  injury, 
mischief,  disadvantage,  detri- 
ment, wound. 

ANT.    Benefit,  pleasure. 

Hurt,  v.  Injure,  harm,  damage, 
impair,  mar;  pain,  wound; 
grieve,  afflict,  bruise. 

•ANT.  Heal,  soothe,  console, 
repair,  benefit,  compensate,  re- 
instate. 

Hurtful.  Harmful,  injurious, 
mischievous,  detrimental,  dele- 
terious, disadvantageous,  bane- 
ful, noxious,  prejudicial,  per- 
nicious, baleful. 

ANT.  Helpful,  beneficial,  ad- 
vantageous, wholesome,  salubri- 
ous, good,  sanative,  remedial. 

Hybrid.  Mixed,  impure,  mon» 
grel,  mule,  half-breed. 


£  153  ] 


typ] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[idi 


ANT.  Pure,  unmixed,  thor- 
oughbred. 

Hypocrisy.  Formalism,  Pharisa- 
ism, cant,  pietism,  sanctimoni- 
ousness, assumed  piety;  deceit, 
deception,  dissimulation,  false 
profession,  imposture ;  sancti- 
mony, pretense,  sham,  affecta- 
tion. 

ANT.  Sincerity,  transpar- 
ency, truth,  honesty,  genuine- 
ness, candor,  frankness,  open- 
ness, ingenuousness,  truthful- 
ness. 

Hypocrite.  Deceiver,  impostor, 
pretender,  cheat,  dissembler ; 
Pharisee,  formalist. 


ANT.  Saint,  believer,  Chris- 
tian; dupe,  bigot,  fanatic,  sim- 
pleton. 

Hypocritical.  Canting,  Phari- 
saical, sanctimonious;  insin- 
cere, dissembling,  false,  hollow, 
faithless,  deceitful,  unctuous, 
smug,  smooth,  mincing. 

ANT.  Candid,  truthful,  sin- 
cere, plain-spoken,  transparent, 
genuine. 

Hypothesis.  Scheme,  specula- 
tion, system,  supposition,  con- 
jecture, guess,  surmise,  theory. 

ANT.  Certainty,  demonstra- 
tion, evidence,  fact,  proof,  dis- 
covery. 


Idea.  Concept,  conception,  im- 
pression, judgment,  plan,  opin- 
ion, purpose,  conceit,  design, 
fancy,  pattern,  thought,  theory, 
belief,  image,  imagination,  no- 
tion, supposition,  ideal,  appre- 
hension, fantasy,  model,  senti- 
ment, archetype;  doctrine,  un- 
derstanding; fiction. 

ANT.  Object,  form,  subject; 
substance,  fact,  actuality,  re- 
ality. 

Ideal,  n.  Idea,  archetype,  orig- 
inal, model,  standard,  proto- 
type. 

ANT.  Fact,  performance,  re- 
ality, practice,  act,  accomplish- 
ment, achievement,  action,  re- 
alization, attainment,  develop- 
ment, doing,  incarnation,  em- 
bodiment, execution. 

Ideal,  a.  Mental,  conceptional, 
intellectual,  notional,  creative, 
spiritual,  poetical,  suppositi- 
tious, unreal,  fictitious,  imagi- 
nary, fanciful,  imaginative, 
chimerical. 

ANT.      Physical,     material, 


visible,  tangible,  historical, 
substantial,  real,  actual,  pal- 
pable. 

Ideality.  Imagination,  concep- 
tion, invention,  fancy,  creative- 
ness,  genius. 

ANT.  Imitation,  uninven- 
tiveness,  copyism,  unimagina- 
tiveness;  literaliti/. 

Identical.  Same,  selfsame,  not 
different;  particular. 

ANT.  Different,  separate, 
contrary. 

Identify.  Prove  identical,  make 
identical,  confound;  unite,  in- 
tegrate, incorporate,  recognize, 
verify. 

ANT.  Divide,  disunite,  con- 
found, confuse,  overlook,  mis- 
take. 

Identity.  Sameness,  unity,  one- 
ness, union,  personality,  indi- 
viduality, convertibility. 

ANT.  Difference,  separate- 
ness,  distinctness,  contrariety, 
plurality. 

Idiocy.  Imbecility;  foolishness, 
fatuity,  irrationality ;  aberra- 


[  154  ] 


idi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ill 


tion,  insanity;  stupidity,  folly, 
senselessness,   incapacity. 

ANT.  Intelligence,  sagacity, 
wisdom,  capacity,  brilliancy,  as- 
tuteness, acuteness,  sense,  com- 
mon sense,  soundness;  sanity, 
judgment. 

Idiom.     Specialty,  phrase,  turn, 
peculiarity,   characteristic. 
ANT.    Barbarism,  solecism. 

Idiosyncrasy.  Peculiarity,  idi- 
ocrasy;  constitution,  tempera- 
ment, specialty,  characteristic, 
individuality,  singularity,  ec- 
centricity. 

ANT.  Community,  univer- 
sality, generality. 

Idiot.     Fool,  natural,  imbecile. 

ANT.  Sage,  authority,  lu- 
minary. 

Idle.  Unbusied,  unused,  leisure ; 
useless,  ineffectual,  fruitless, 
bootless,  unavailing,  vain,  abor- 
tive, futile;  trifling,  trivial,  un- 
important, trashy,  foolish,  un- 
profitable; waste,  empty;  indo- 
lent, inert,  lazy,  slothful,  unoc- 
cupied, vacant,  inactive,  slug- 
gish, unemployed. 

ANT.  Active,  busy,  diligent, 
industrious,  employed,  work- 
ing; occupied;  tilled;  filled, 
populated;  assiduous. 

Idolize.  Deify;  adore,  worship, 
reverence,  venerate. 

ANT.  LoatJie,  abominate,  ex- 
ecrate, abhor. 

Ignoble.  Plebeian,  vulgar,  un- 
titled,  baseborn,  low,  mean, 
rustic,  peasant;  worthless,  in- 
significant, contemptible;  dis- 
honorable, disgraceful,  inferior, 
unworthy;  humble. 

ANT.  Honorable,  eminent, 
exalted,  noble,  lordly,  illustri- 
ous, grand,  notable. 

Ignominious.  Dishonorable,  in- 
famous, disgraceful,  shameful, 
scandalous,  disreputable,  op- 
probrious; despicable,  base,  de- 


serving ignominy,  contempt- 
ible. 

ANT.  Honorable,  creditable, 
reputable,  estimable,  worthy. 

Ignominy.  Dishonor,  disgrace,, 
discredit,  shame,  infamy,  dis- 
repute, contempt,  obloquy, 
opprobrium,  scandal,  abase- 
ment, odium;  reprobation,  re- 
proach. 

ANT.  Credit,  honor,  reputa- 
tion, glory,  luster,  distinction* 
renown. 

Ignoramus.  Smatterer,  novice, 
wiseacre,  dunce,  simpleton,  dul- 
lard, greenhorn,  numskull. 

ANT.  Savant,  sage,  lumi- 
nary. 

Ignorance.  Illiteracy,  stupid- 
ity, nescience,  blindness,  dark- 
ness. 

ANT.  Knowledge,  wisdom,, 
sense,  learning,  erudition. 

Ignorant.  Illiterate,  unlearned, 
unlettered,  unskilled,  untaught, 
untutored,  uneducated,  ill-in- 
formed, uninstructed,  unin- 
formed. 

ANT.  Educated,  learned,  in- 
structed, sage,  wise,  skilled,  cul- 
tured, trained,  well-informed* 
cultivated. 

Ignore.  Disregard,  neglect,  over- 
look, not  recognize;  set  aside,, 
reject;  disown,  repudiate. 

ANT.  Own,  notice,  recognize, 
mark,  visit,  avow,  claim. 

HI,  n.  Wickedness,  depravity, 
evil ;  misfortune,  calamity,  af- 
fliction, misery,  harm,  pain. 

ANT.  Oood,  blessing,  for- 
tune; righteousness,  integrity  t 
honor. 

HI,  a.  Bad,  evil,  unfortunate, 
unfavorable ;.  wicked,  wrong,  in- 
iquitous, naughty;  sick,  ailing,, 
diseased,  disordered,  poorly,  in- 
disposed; cross,  crabbed,  surly, 
peevish,  hateful,  malicious;  ill- 
favored,  ugly. 


[  155  ] 


ill] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ima 


ANT.  Well,  strong,  good,  vig- 
orous, healthy,  robust,  hearty, 
hale. 

Ill-bred,  impolite,  uncivil,  un- 
courteous,  uncourtly,  uncouth, 
unpolished,  rude,  ill-behaved, 
ill-mannered. 

ANT.  Polite,  well-behaved, 
civil,  refined,  courteous. 

Illuminate.  Light,  illumine,  il- 
lume ;  enlighten,  make  wise,  in- 
struct, inspire;  emblazon,  irra- 
diate. 

ANT.  DarJcen,  obscure,  be- 
dim, mislead,  delude. 

Illusion.  Delusion,  hallucina- 
tion, deception,  error,  fallacy, 
mockery,  fantasy,  phantasm, 
chimera;  dream,  vision,  myth. 

ANT.  Body,  substance,  form, 
reality,  actuality,  essence. 

Illusive.  Delusive,  deceptive,  de- 
ceitful, fallacious ;  visionary, 
unreal,  disappointing,  fugitive, 
erroneous,  false,  imaginary,  il- 
lusory, chimerical. 

ANT.  Substantial,  real,  true, 
satisfactory,  solid,  permanent. 

Illustrate.  Elucidate,  explain,  ex- 
emplify, make  clear;  interpret, 
demonstrate,  represent,  embody, 
paint,  image;  adorn  with  pic- 
tures. 

ANT.  Obscure,  misinterpret, 
confuse,  mystify,  darken,  mis- 
represent. 

Illustrious.  Glorious,  splendid, 
brilliant,  bright,  radiant;  fa- 
mous, famed,  noted,  renowned, 
distinguished,  celebrated,  emi- 
nent, signal,  remarkable,  con- 
spicuous; deathless,  noble. 

ANT.  Ignominious,  disgrace- 
ful, infamous,  inglorious,  dis- 
reputable. 

HI  will.  Malevolence,  unkind- 
ness,  malice,  enmity,  hatred, 
hate,  rancor,  envy,  grudge,  un- 
charitableness,  ill  nature;  an- 
tipathy, dislike,  aversion. 


ANT.  Good  will,  benevolence, 
beneficence. 

Im-  or  In-.  This  prefix,  which 
is  regularly  in-,  and  which  be- 
comes il-  before  I,  ir-  before  r, 
and  im-  before  a  labial,  means 
in,  into,  on,  or  among,  or  de- 
notes the  negative  not,  or,  occa- 
sionally, has  a  simple  intensive 
meaning.  Such  words  as  begin 
with  this  prefix  without  modi- 
fication of  the  combined  mean- 
ing of  the  prefix  and  root  word, 
will  be  easily  derived  from  the 
antonyms  and  synonyms  of  the 
root  words.  Others  of  more  de- 
rived meaning  are  found  here. 

Image.  Statue;  idol,  object  of 
worship;  likeness,  effigy,  figure, 
resemblance,  similitude,  repre- 
sentation, picture;  trope,  meta- 
phor; idea,  copy,  conception, 
fiction,  shadow,  vision. 

ANT.  Person,  original,  sub- 
stance, subject,  object,  reality, 
truth,  verity. 

Imagery.     Phantasm,  phantom, 
vision,   dream;    tropes,   figures 
of  speech,  poetry,  fancy,  illus- 
tration, metaphor,  similitude. 
ANT.    Prose,  statement,  fact. 

Imagination.  Conception,  in- 
vention, ideality,  fancy,  fan- 
tasy, creative  power;  esemplas- 
tic  faculty;  idea,  notion;  con- 
trivance, scheme,  device,  plot; 
illusion. 

Imaginative.  Inventive,  crea- 
tive, plastic,  poetical,  esem- 
plastic,  poetic;  conceptive,  ro- 
mantic, ideal,  original. 

ANT.  Unimaginative,  unpo- 
etical,  prosaic,  unromantio,  lit- 
eral, uninventive,  matter-of~ 
fact. 

Imagine.  Conceive,  think,  im- 
age, fancy,  picture;  devise,  con- 
trive, frame,  project,  invent, 
create,  mold;  suppose,  assume; 
deem,  apprehend,  believe;  sur- 


I  156  ] 


imb] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[imm 


mise,  understand,  fabricate,  pre- 
sume. 

ANT.  Represent,  exhibit,  de- 
pict, prove,  demonstrate,  verify, 
substantiate. 

Imbecile,  a.  Weak,  feeble,  help- 
less, infirm,  decrepit;  foolish, 
witless,  idiotic,  driveling,  fat- 
uous. 

ANT.  Shrewd,  clever,  saga- 
cious. 

Imbecility.  Weakness,  debility, 
feebleness,  infirmity,  helpless- 
ness; foolishness,  childishness, 
idiocy,  fatuity,  dotage,  senil- 
ity. 

ANT.  Strength,  energy,  vi- 
rility, vigor,  power. 
Imbibe.  Absorb,  take  in,  suck 
in,  swallow  up ;  receive,  gather, 
gain,  acquire,  get,  pick  up;  as- 
similate, learn. 

ANT.  Discard,  reject,  re- 
nounce, disavow,  abjure,  repudi- 
ate. 

Imitate.  Copy,  follow,  pattern 
after;  mimic,  ape,  mock,  im- 
personate, take  off;  burlesque, 
travesty,  parody;  represent,  re- 
semble, portray,  depict,  repeat, 
counterfeit. 

ANT.  Misrepresent,  carica- 
ture, alter,  vary,  distort,  re- 
model, differentiate,  dissimilate, 
modify. 

Imitative.  Imitating,  copying, 
mimicking,  aping,  apish,  cari- 
caturing, unoriginal,  servile. 

ANT.  Original,  creative,  in- 
ventive. 

Immaculate.  Spotless,  unspot- 
ted, stainless,  unsullied,  un- 
soiled,  untainted,  unblemished, 
untarnished,  clean,  pure,  un- 
defiled;  innocent,  guiltless, 
sinless,  faultless,  fair,  holy, 
saintly;  virgin,  unpolluted. 

ANT.  Impure,  corrupt,  sin- 
fid,  contaminated,  defiled,  pol- 
luted, tainted,  spotted. 


Immanent.  Intrinsic,  inherent, 
internal,  indwelling;  empiri- 
cal; innate,  subjective,  congen- 
ital, ingrained,  natural,  implic- 
it. 

ANT.  Emanant,  transitive, 
developed,  projectile,  exsilient, 
phenomenal,  explicit,  acciden- 
tal, transcendental,  transeunt. 

Immaterial.  Incorporeal,  un- 
bodied, unfleshly,  spiritual,  su- 
persensible ;  unimportant,  in- 
significant, unessential,  non- 
essential,  trivial,  trifling. 

ANT.  Material,  physical,  im~ 
portant,  corporeal,  essential. 

Immature.  Unripe,  crude,  raw, 
green,  unformed,  unprepared, 
imperfect,  rudimentary,  unfin- 
ished ;  premature,  hasty,  unsea- 
sonable, untimely ;  undeveloped, 
ANT.  Ripe,  complete,  devel- 
oped, mature,  finished. 

Immeasurable.  Illimitable,  un- 
bounded, boundless,  limitless, 
measureless,  immense,  infinite; 
vast,  unfathomable. 

ANT.  Finite,  limited,  air" 
cumscribed,  restricted,  shallow, 
bounded. 

Immediate.  Proximate,  close, 
near,  next;  direct,  unmediated; 
instantaneous,  instant,  pres- 
ent; contiguous. 

ANT.  Distant,  remote,  medi- 
ate, future. 

Immediately.  Presently,  thi» 
instant,  straightway,  directly, 
forthwith,  at  once,  now,  right 
off,  instantly,  without  delay. 

ANT.  Hereafter,  by  and  by, 
after  a  while,  sometime. 

Immemorial.  Olden,  ancient, 
hoary,  archaic,  primitive,  re- 
mote, time-honored,  primor- 
dial. 

ANT.  Recent,  modern,  late, 
fresh,  upstart. 

Immerse.  Dip,  plunge,  sub- 
merge, sink,  douse,  duck,  bury; 


[  157  3 


immj 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[imp 


soak,    steep,   macerate,   drown, 
inundate,   overwhelm. 

ANT.    Dry,  drain,  parch,  ven- 
tilate, air,  ground,  strand. 
Immigration.     Migration,  colo- 
nization, settlement. 

ANT.     Exodus,   emigration. 
Imminent.      Impending,    hover- 
ing, threatening. 

ANT.  Improbable,  doubtful, 
unexpected,  unlikely,  contin- 
gent, chimerical,  problematical; 
tcarded,  staved,  escaped. 
Immunity.  Freedom,  exemp- 
tion, release,  exoneration;  pre- 
rogative, privilege,  right,  lib- 
erty, charter,  franchise;  dis- 
pensation. 

ANT.  Liability,  obligation, 
jurisdiction,  impost,  amenabil- 
ity, burden. 

Imp.  Sprite,  hobgoblin,  demon, 
devil,  flibbertigibbet,  scamp, 
brat. 

ANT.    Cherub,  angel. 
Impact.    Impulse,  shock,  impres- 
sion, stroke;  collision,  contact, 
striking,    impinging ;    applica- 
tion. 

ANT.  Isolation,  separation, 
interval,  removal,  avoidance, 
non-contact,  shave. 
Impair.  Deteriorate,  vitiate,  in- 
jure, harm,  make  worse;  les- 
sen, diminish,  decrease;  ener- 
vate, weaken,  enfeeble;  reduce, 
damage. 

ANT.  Enhance,  improve,  re- 
pair, augment,  better,  increase. 
Impassioned.  Passionate,  vehe- 
ment, impetuous,  animated,  ex- 
citing, glowing,  intense,  fervid, 
fervent,  warm,  ardent,  zealous; 
spirited. 

ANT.  Cool,  impassive,  unim- 
passioned,  apathetic,  indiffer- 
ent. 

Impatience.  Uneasiness,  dis- 
quietude, restlessness ;  haste, 
vehemence,  eagerness,  precipi- 


tation, impetuosity;  heat,  vio- 
lence of  temper,  irritability,  ir- 
ritableness. 

ANT.  Patience,  calmness,  en- 
durance, composure,  leniency, 
submission,  forbearance,  long- 
suffering. 

Impediment.  Bar,  hindrance, 
obstacle,  obstruction,  difficulty, 
clog,  encumbrance,  stumbling- 
block,  check. 

ANT.  Assistance,  aid,  bene- 
fit, help,  relief,  succor,  advan- 
tage; aidance,  support,  further 
ance. 

Imperative.  Commanding,  au* 
thoritative,  peremptory;  bind- 
ing, obligatory;  urgent,  irre- 
sistible, dictatorial,  inexorable, 
compulsory. 

ANT.  Indulgent,  lenient,  sup~ 
plicatory,  mild,  optional,  di*- 
cretional,  entreative. 

Imperial.  Belonging  to  an  em- 
pire, kingly,  regal,  sovereign, 
royal;  majestic,  grand,  magni- 
ficent, exalted,  great,  noble,  SU' 
preme,  consummate,  superb. 

ANT.  Ignoble,  servile,  slav* 
ish,  beggarly,  mean,  paltry. 

Imperious.  Magisterial,  dicta- 
torial, despotic,  domineering, 
tyrannical,  overbearing,  lordly, 
haughty,  arrogant,  authorita- 
tive, exacting. 

ANT.  Yielding,  compliant, 
submissive,  gentle,  mild,  docile, 
ductile. 

Impetuous.  Fierce,  vehement, 
violent,  furious,  passionate,  pre- 
cipitate, hasty,  headlong,  over- 
zealous,  reckless,  rash,  exciti 
able. 

ANT.  Careful,  slow,  deliber- 
ate,  thoughtful,  reflective,  lei- 
surely. 

Implement.  Utensil,  tool,  appli- 
ance, instrument. 

ANT.  Labor,  work,  science, 
art,  agriculture,  manufacture. 


[  158  ] 


Imp] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[imp 


Implicate.  Entangle,  enfold,  in- 
volve, connect,  associate,  com- 
promise, charge,  incriminate. 

ANT.  Disconnect,  extricate, 
acquit,  dissociate. 

Implication.  Entanglement,  in- 
volution ;  inference,  conclusion ; 
intricacy,  complication;  con- 
cealment, latency;  allusion,  in- 
sinuation, innuendo,  adumbra- 
tion. 

ANT.  Arrangement,  system, 
orderliness;  manifestation,  ex- 
pression, exposition,  demonstra- 
tion, production. 

Implicit.  Understood,  implied, 
inferred,  tacit;  unreserved,  un- 
hesitating, firm,  steadfast,  un- 
shaken, undoubtlng;  involved. 

ANT.  Expressed,  explicit,  de- 
veloped, stated,  plain,  specific, 
unambiguous. 

Imply.  Involve,  import,  include, 
signify,  mean,  indicate,  suggest, 
hint,  denote. 

ANT.  Express,  declare,  state, 
pronounce. 

Import,  n.  Meaning,  sense,  pur- 
port, drift,  signification,  gist, 
spirit,  bearing,  tenor,  inten- 
tion. 

ANT.    Statement,  proceeding. 

Import,  v.  Bring  into;  purport, 
denote,  imply,  betoken,  signify, 
mean;  concern,  be  of  signifi- 
cance to;  introduce. 

ANT.  Export,  banish,  exile, 
send  abroad. 

Importance.  Consequence,  mo- 
ment, weight,  significance,  mo- 
mentousness,  import,  concern; 
avail;  self-importance,  pompos- 
ity. 

ANT.  Nothingness,  insigni- 
ficance, unimportance,  immate- 
riality. 

Important.  Grave,  weighty,  mo- 
mentous, serious,  material,  sig- 
nificant; influential,  prominent, 
pompous,  self-important,  con- 


sequential; expressive,  leading, 
main,  relevant,  considerable,  es- 
sential, great,  dignified. 

ANT.  Insignificant,  trivial, 
inconsiderable,  irrelevant,  sec- 
ondary, petty,  mean,  uninfluen- 
tial,  minor,  unimportant. 

Importunate.  Urgent,  pertina- 
cious, pressing,  teasing,  busy,, 
solicitous,  overurgent,  overen- 
treative. 

ANT.  Modest,  diffident,  self- 
reliant,  self-respecting. 

Importune.  Urge,  entreat,  press,, 
solicit,  dun,  beset,  pester,  tease, 
worry,  trouble. 

ANT.  Surrender,  sacrifice, 
abandon;  grant,  bestow. 

Impose.  Put,  set,  lay,  place;, 
appoint,  enjoin,  prescribe;  ob- 
trude, palm  off,  pass;  inflict, 
subject. 

ANT.  Remove,  disburden,  un- 
load, free;  hold  up,  arrest,  dis- 
close. 

Imposing.  Stately,  august,  ma- 
jestic, grand,  noble,  command- 
ing, impressive;  striking,  effec- 
tive, dignified. 

ANT.  Petty,  undignified,  un- 
imposing,  insignificant,  paltry, 
puny. 

Imposition.  Imposing,  putting, 
placing,  laying;  burden,  levy, 
tax,  constraint,  oppression,  in- 
junction ;  deception,  fraud,  arti- 
fice, trickery,  imposture,  cheat- 
ing; presumption,  exaction,  en- 
croachment. 

ANT.  Sanction,  warrant,  at*. 
thority ;  truth,  verity,  fact,  cer- 
tainty, verification,  genuine", 
ness,  authenticity,  honesty. 

Impost.  Tax,  duty,  custom,  ex- 
cise, levy,  toll,  tribute,  rate;  im> 
position. 

ANT.  Revenue,  proceeds,  ex- 
emption, immunity. 

Impostor.  Deceiver,  pretender,, 
cheat,  hypocrite,  knave,  charla- 


[  159  ] 


imp] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[imp 


tan,  mountebank,  rogue,  Phari- 
see, trickster,  dissembler. 

ANT.  Guide,  enlightener,  de- 
tector, undeceiver. 

Imposture.  Cheat,  trick,  de- 
ception, imposition,  fraud,  ruse, 
delusion,  dodge,  artifice,  wile, 
deceit,  stratagem,  hoax. 

ANT.  Truth,  fact,  verity,  re- 
ality. 

Impotence.  Disability,  inca- 
pacity, incompetence,  power- 
lessness,  weakness,  inefficiency, 
infirmity,  frailty,  imbecility, 
inability,  incapability,  help- 
lessness, disqualification. 

ANT.  Capacity,  vigor,  qual- 
ification, ability. 

Impoverish.  Make  poor  or  in- 
digent, exhaust,  deplete,  rob, 
beggar,  fleece,  denude. 

ANT.  Enrich,  aggrandize, 
augment,  store,  enhance,  en- 
dow. 

Impregnable.  Invincible,  tin- 
assailable,  invulnerable,  im- 
movable, inexpugnable,  secure, 
tenable,  irrefragable. 

ANT.  Pregnable,  weak,  ex- 
posed, defenseless,  expugnable. 

Impregnate.  Fecundate,  imbue, 
infuse,  tincture,  saturate,  fill, 
fertilize;  mix,  combine,  insert, 
steep,  vivify,  teach. 

ANT.  Remove,  evolve,  extri- 
cate, separate,  destroy,  quench, 
extinguish,  be  studious,  learn. 

Impression.  Printing,  stamp- 
ing, imprinting;  stamp,  im- 
press, brand;  mark;  sensation, 
effect,  influence;  notion,  idea, 
opinion,  fancy. 

ANT.  Concept,  apprehension, 
comprehension. 

Impressive.  Affecting,  touch- 
ing, moving,  stirring,  power- 
ful, striking,  overpowering; 
forcible,  solemn,  imposing,  im- 
portant. 
ANT.  Weak,  feeble,  vapid, 


tame,  unimpressive,  dry,  insig- 
nificant. 

Improve.  Mend,  gain,  become 
better,  get  on,  gain  ground;  in- 
crease, rise,  be  enhanced;  bet- 
ter, amend,  ameliorate,  rec- 
tify; progress;  avail  one's  self 
of,  use,  make  productive;  cor- 
rect, reform. 

ANT.  Debase,  deteriorate,  vi- 
tiate, spoil,  mar,  impair,  in- 
jure, depress. 

Improvement.  Amending,  bet- 
tering, amelioration,  amend- 
ment, progress,  efficiency,  pro- 
ficiency, advancement,  use,  bet- 
terment ;  increase,  correction. 
ANT.  Degeneracy,  retrograda- 
tion,  degeneration,  debasement, 
deterioration,  retrogression. 

Impudence.  Assurance,  bold- 
ness, impertinence,  pertness, 
rudeness,  sauciness,  effrontery, 
forwardness,  incivility,  inso- 
lence, presumption,  officious- 
ness,  intrusiveness. 

ANT.  Bashfulness,  humil- 
ity, diffidence,  meekness,  lowli- 
ness, modesty,  submissiveness ; 
coyness,  obsequiousness,  sub- 
serviency, abasement. 

Impugn.  Attack,  assail,  contra- 
dict, oppose,  resist,  gainsay, 
controvert,  deny,  blame. 

ANT.  Declare,  state,  allege, 
approve,  commend,  defend,  re- 
pel; propose,  propound,  con- 
front, face. 

Impulse.  Thrust,  push,  impe- 
tus; passion,  instinct,  procliv- 
ity, inclination,  appetite;  mo- 
tive, influence,  incitement,  in- 
stigation, incentive,  force,  sud- 
den thought. 

ANT.  Deliberation,  premedi- 
tation, rebuff,  repulse. 

Impulsive.  Propulsive,  impell- 
ing, moving;  hot,  quiek,  rash, 
hasty,  passionate ;  wayward, 
impressible. 


[   160 


Anp] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[inc 


ANT.  Discreet,  hesitating, 
reluctant,  timid,  calculating, 
wary,  cautious. 

Impute.  Ascribe,  refer,  charge, 
attribute,  imply,  insinuate. 

ANT.  Withdraw,  retract,  re- 
call; clear,  justify,  acquit. 

Inane.  Empty,  void;  worthless, 
trifling,  vacuous,  vain,  puer- 
ile, frivolous;  pointless,  feeble, 
vapid,  characterless. 

ANT.  Significant,  pointed, 
powerful,  sensible,  forcible. 

Inanition.  Emptiness,  vacuity, 
inanity;  vanity,  folly,  pueril- 
ity, worthlessness,  frivolous- 
ness;  exhaustion,  starvation. 

ANT.  Fulness,  repletion, 
plethora;  significance,  mean- 
ing. 

Inaugurate.  Install,  invest,  in- 
duct; celebrate;  commence,  be- 
gin, initiate,  originate. 

ANT.  Divert,  deprive,  con- 
clude, terminate. 

Inauguration.  Investiture,  in- 
stallation, induction,  consecra- 
tion, institution,  initiation ; 
commencement,  formal  open- 
ing, beginning,  origination. 

ANT.  Dismissal,  discharge; 
valediction,  valedictory;  close, 
conclusion,  end,  termination. 

Incandescence.  White  heat,  in- 
calescence,  glow. 

ANT.  Iciness,  refrigeration, 
congelation,  crystallization. 

Incantation.  Sorcery,  charm,  en- 
chantment, spell,  magic,  con- 
juration, witchcraft,  witchery, 
necromancy ;  recitation,  invo- 
cation. 

ANT.     Evocation,  exorcism. 

Incarnation.  Embodiment,  im- 
personation, manifestation,  ex- 
emplification, personification. 

ANT.  Disembodiment,  ab- 
straction, spiritualization. 

Incendiarism.  Arson ;  confla- 
gration. 


ANT.  Extinction,  quenching, 
annihilation. 

Incense,  v.  Enrage,  exasper- 
ate, irritate,  provoke,  inflame, 
anger,  excite,  heat,  chafe,  sting, 
nettle,  gall. 

ANT.  Allay,  soothe,  pacify, 
appease,  conciliate,  mollify. 
Incentive.  Inducement,  incite- 
ment, spur,  impulse,  stimulant, 
goad,  motive,  cause,  encour- 
agement, rousing,  excitation. 

ANT.  Deterrent,  prohibition, 
learning,  discouragement,  dis- 
suasion. 

Inception.  Beginning,  inaugu- 
ration, commencement. 

ANT.  Ending,  finis,  conclu- 
sion, termination. 
Incessant.  Ceaseless,  continual, 
unceasing,  unremitting,  per- 
petual, constant,  everlasting, 
eternal,  uninterrupted,  unin- 
termittent. 

ANT.      Periodic,    occasional, 
intermittent,  interrupted. 
Incidence.     Impact,  stroke,  im- 
pingement. 

ANT.  Reflection,  resilience, 
rebound. 

Incident,  n.  Event,  occurrence, 
circumstance,  chance,  accident, 
fact,  adventure,  casualty. 

ANT.  Cause,  antecedent,  rea- 
son, tendency,  inducement,  in- 
fluence. 

Incident,  Incidental,  a.  Hap- 
pening, liable ;  belonging,  per- 
taining, appertaining,  natural, 
relating;  falling,  impinging; 
casual,  occasional,  pertinent, 
fortuitous,  concurrent,  concom- 
itant, accidental. 

ANT.  Regular,  systematic, 
disconnected,  independent,  ir- 
relative, inherent,  essential,  im- 
manent, invariable,  uniform. 
Incipient.  Beginning,  inchoate, 
commencing,  embryonic. 

ANT.    Final,  terminal. 


[   161  ] 


Inc] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[inc 


Inclemency.  Harshness,  sever- 
ity, rigor,  roughness,  boister- 
ousness,  storminess,  tempestu- 
ousness. 

ANT.  Clemency,  mildness, 
leniency,  gentleness, 
Inclement.  Harsh,  tyrannical, 
cruel,  unmerciful,  severe,  rig- 
orous, stormy,  rough,  boister- 
ous. 

ANT.  Benign,  clement,  mild, 
genial,  merciful. 

Inclination.  Inclining,  slope, 
leaning,  slant;  trend,  verging, 
obliquity;  disposition,  predi- 
lection, bent,  bias,  proclivity, 
proneness,  tendency,  leaning, 
aptitude,  propensity ;  desire, 
wish,  fondness,  liking,  partial- 
ity; aptness,  attachment,  af- 
fection. 

ANT.  Tangency,  disinclina- 
tion, divergence,  ineptitude,  in- 
aptness,  dislike. 

Incline,  v.  Slant,  lean,  slope; 
trend,  verge,  tend;  be  disposed, 
have  a  desire  or  propensity; 
dispose,  predispose,  turn,  bias; 
bend,  bow;  bear,  dip,  induce, 
prompt. 

ANT.  Deter,  restrain,  check; 
ascend,  rise;  indispose,  disin- 
cline. 

Include.  Hold,  contain;  com- 
prise, embody,  comprehend,  em- 
brace, take  in. 

ANT.    Exclude,  leave  out. 
Inclusive.  Enclosing,  encircling ; 
including,   comprehending,   em- 
bracing;   comprehensive,   addi- 
tive, implied. 

ANT.  Exclusive,  except ed; 
adversative,  opposite,  contrary, 
antithetical. 

Income.  Revenue,  profits,  gains ; 
proceeds,  pay,  allowance. 

ANT.    Expenditure,  disburse- 
ment, outlay,  expense. 
Incongruous.     Inconsistent,  un- 
suitable,    absurd,     conflicting, 


discordant,  discrepant,  repug- 
nant, mismated,  incompatible, 
inapposite,  contrary,  contradic- 
tory, inappropriate,  inharmoni- 
ous, ill-matched,  irreconcilable, 
mismatched. 

ANT.  Consistent,  harmoni- 
ous, suitable,  accordant,  agree' 
ing,  compatible. 

Increase,  n.  Accession,  growth, 
extension,  augmentation,  addi- 
tion, enlargement,  expansion, 
increment ;  product,  produce, 
gain,  profit;  offspring,  issue, 
progeny,  descendants. 

ANT.  Deduction,  detraction, 
diminution,  contraction,  loss, 
waste,  detriment,  curtailment, 
reduction,  expenditure,  impov- 
erishment. 

Increase,  v.  Advance,  heighten, 
pile  up,  enhance,  aggregate,  di- 
late, magnify,  spread,  augment, 
greaten,  enlarge,  raise;  extend, 
prolong;  aggravate,  intensify; 
grow;  multiply,  be  fruitful. 

ANT.  Decrease,  lessen,  di- 
minish, decline,  abate,  lower, 
reduce,  curtail,  retrench. 

Inculcate.  Infuse,  impress,  en- 
force, instil,  implant,  ingraft, 
urge,  teach. 

ANT.  Insinuate,  suggest,  ab- 
jure, disavow,  denounce. 

Incumbent.  Obligatory,  bind- 
ing, devolving;  lying,  leaning, 
reclining,  resting,  weighing 
down,  prone;  coercive,  indis- 
pensable, urgent;  threatening, 
impending. 

ANT.  Optional,  discretional, 
elective,  voluntary. 

Incur.     Contract,  become  liable 
to;  bring  on;  meet,  run. 
ANT.    Avoid,  shun. 

Incursion.  Inroad,  raid,  inva- 
sion, irruption,  descent,  foray, 
sally,  encroachment. 

ANT.  Encampment,  retreat, 
abode,  settlement. 


t  162  ] 


ind] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ind 


Indebted.      Owing,   obliged,   be- 
holden, under  obligation. 
ANT.  Disobliged,  unbeholden. 

Indeed.  Truly,  really,  verily, 
positively,  absolutely,  in  fact, 
veritably,  certainly,  in  truth; 
strictly,  in  point  of  fact. 

ANT.  By  no  means,  not  at 
all. 

Indefatigable.  Unwearied,  un- 
tiring, persevering,  persistent, 
assiduous,  sedulous,  unremit- 
ting, never -tiring,  unflagging; 
incessant,  indomitable. 

ANT.  Idle,  indifferent,  indo- 
lent. 

Indelible.  Ineffaceable,  inde- 
structible, ingrained,  indefeas- 
ible, irreversible,  persistent. 

ANT.  Mutable,  evanescent, 
transient,  effaceable. 

Indemnify.  Secure,  save;  com- 
pensate, remunerate,  reimburse, 
requite;  satisfy. 

ANT.    Fine,  mulct,  amerce. 

Indicate.  Show,  denote,  mark, 
betoken,  signify,  point  out,  des- 
ignate, specify ;  evidence,  evince, 
betray,  manifest,  declare. 

ANT.  Conceal,  misdirect,  fal- 
sify, misindicate,  negative,  con- 
tradict. 

Indication.  Indicating  sign, 
mark,  note,  index,  symptom, 
token,  hint,  suggestion,  mani- 
festation; evidence,  demonstra- 
tion, proof,  prognostic. 

ANT.  Silence,  surmise,  mis- 
direction, undemonstrativeness, 
misguidance,  misindication. 

Indictment.  Indicting,  present- 
ment; accusation,  charge,  im- 
peachment, arraignment,  crim- 
ination. 

Indifference.  Neutrality,  im- 
partiality, disinterestedness ; 
unconcern,  apathy,  coolness, 
negligence,  carelessness,  inat- 
tention, heedlessness ;  trivial- 
ity, insignificance,  unimpor- 


tance;   inferiority;    insensibil- 
ity, composure. 

ANT.  Importance,  interest, 
significance,  weight,  gravity,  af- 
fection, ardor,  eagerness. 

Indifferent.  Neutral,  unbiased, 
impartial,  disinterested;  cool, 
unconcerned,  unmoved,  cold,  in- 
attentive, apathetic,  dead,  re- 
gardless, heedless,  unmindful ; 
equal,  all  the  same,  all  one, 
just  the  same;  passable,  toler- 
able, ordinary,  middling,  me- 
diocre, rather  poor;  lukewarm, 
careless. 

ANT.  Anxious,  careful,  sus- 
ceptible, sympathetic,  sensitive. 

Indigent.  Poor,  needy,  desti- 
tute, necessitous,  reduced,  pen- 
niless, moneyless,  distressed,  in- 
solvent, in  want;  impecunious, 
straitened. 

ANT.  Wealthy,  moneyed, 
rich,  affluent,  opulent. 

Indignation.  Resentment,  anger, 
ire,  wrath,  fury,  rage,  exasper- 
ation, choler ;  denunciation,  dis- 
pleasure, protestation. 

ANT.  Gratification,  admira- 
tion, approval,  applause,  com- 
placency. 

Indignity.  Insult,  outrage,  af- 
front, slight,  dishonor,  abuse, 
disrespect,  contumely,  reproach, 
opprobrium,  obloquy;  rude- 
ness, contemptuousness,  igno- 
miny, disgrace. 

ANT.  Deference,  compliment, 
honor,  respect. 

Indiscriminate.  Undistinguish- 
ing,  undiscriminating;  mixed, 
confused,  mingled,  promiscuous, 
indistinguishable ;  ill-assorted, 
undiscerning. 

ANT.  Careful,  sorted,  select, 
discerning, 

Indisposed.     Averse,  disinclined, 
unwilling,  reluctant,  backward, 
loath;  ill,  ailing,  sick. 
ANT.    Prompt,  willing,  eager, 


[  163  ] 


ind] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[in- 


desirous,    inclined;    healthful, 
sound. 

Indite.  Compose,  write,  dictate, 
pen ;  prompt,  suggest,  word,  de- 
scribe, phrase. 

ANT.     Transcribe,  copy,  imi- 
tate, duplicate. 

Individual,  n.  Person,  person- 
age, character,  some  one;  unit, 
single  instance;  personality. 

ANT.    Species,  genus,  family, 
kind. 

Individual,  a.  Particular,  spe- 
cial, separate,  single,  unique, 
one;  peculiar,  personal;  posi- 
tive, decided,  unconventional, 
independent,  specific,  indivis- 
ible, singular,  identical,  idio- 
syncratic. 

ANT.     General,  common,  col- 
lective, plural,  universal. 

Individuality.  Personality,  dis- 
tinct existence;  character,  de- 
cision, self-direction,  original- 
ity, self-determination,  unique- 
ness. 
ANT.  Generality,  mediocrity. 

Indolence.  Laziness,  sloth,  in- 
ertness, idleness,  sluggishness, 
slothfulness. 

ANT.    Activity,  energy. 

Indomitable.  Unyielding,  un- 
conquerable, invincible;  untam- 
able, irrepressible,  indefati- 
gable. 

ANT.    Effortless,  feeble,  lan- 
guid. 

Indorse.  Superscribe;  sanction, 
approve,  vouch  for,  confirm, 
ratify;  accept. 

ANT.    Protest,  repudiate,  re- 
nounce, abjure,  cancel. 

Induce.  Influence,  impel,  move, 
prompt,  instigate,  persuade,  ac- 
tuate, urge,  incite,  spur,  pre- 
vail upon;  cause,  produce,  ef- 
fect, bring  on. 

ANT.    Prevent,  disincline,  dis- 
suade, deter,  hinder,  restrain. 

Induction,     introduction,  instal- 


lation, inauguration,  institu- 
tion; conclusion,  inference,  gen* 
eralization,  inductive  method | 
collection,  collation,  applica- 
tion. 

ANT.  Statement,  hypothesis; 
deduction;  subtraction;  prin- 
ciple, class,  law,  proposition, 
argumentation,  discourse. 

Indulge.  Gratify,  yield,  sat- 
isfy ;  humor,  pamper,  favor ;  al- 
low, permit,  suffer,  cherish,  fos- 
ter, harbor ;  spoil,  revel,  grovel. 
ANT.  Thwart,  deny,  disap- 
point, discard,  contradict,  re- 
nounce, counteract,  mortify,  ab- 
jure, discipline. 

Indulgence.  Gratification,  hu- 
moring, pampering;  leniency, 
kindness,  tenderness,  favor,  lib- 
erality. 

ANT.  Abstinence,  self-sacri- 
fice, repression,  restraint. 

Indulgent.  Yielding,  compli- 
ant; lenient,  mild,  clement, 
tolerant,  gentle,  kind,  tender, 
forbearing. 

ANT.  Harsh,  severe,  rough, 
austere,  self-controlled,  absti- 
nent. 

Industrious.  Diligent,  active, 
busy,  assiduous,  engaged,  em- 
ployed, sedulous,  occupied,  la- 
borious, hard-working;  brisk, 
persistent,  persevering. 

ANT.     Lazy,  shiftless,  idle. 

Industry.  Diligence,  labor,  ap- 
plication, assiduity,  attention, 
constancy,  exertion,  intentness, 
patience,  perseverance,  persis- 
tence, sedulousness,  pains,  ef- 
fort, activity,  toil. 

ANT.  Idleness,  inattention, 
neglect,  negligence,  sloth,  re- 
missness,  changeableness,  in- 
dolence, inconstancy,  inactiv- 
ity, fickleness,  ease,  indiligence. 

Ineffable.  Unspeakable,  inde- 
scribable, inexpressible,  unut- 
terable ;  inconceivable,  unsur- 


f  164  ] 


ine] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[inf 


passable,    undeclarable,    exqui- 
site, perfect. 

ANT.  Common,  trivial,  su- 
perficial, vulgar,  commonplace, 
conversational,  colloquial,  ob- 
vious. 

Inert.  Inactive,  lifeless,  dead, 
passive,  motionless;  dull,  indo- 
lent, torpid,  lazy,  idle,  supine, 
sluggish,  slothful;  heavy,  dor- 
mant. 

ANT.  Active,  alert,  brisk, 
energetic,  quick,  vigorous. 

Inevitable.  Necessary,  unavoid- 
able, infallible,  certain,  fixed, 
irresistible. 

ANT.  Uncertain,  avoidable, 
indeterminate. 

Infamy.  Dishonor,  shame,  dis- 
grace, discredit,  ignominy,  op- 
probrium, scandal,  obloquy, 
abasement;  villainy,  disgrace- 
fulness,  wickedness,  atrocity, 
shamef ulness ;  despair,  degra- 
dation. 

ANT.  Honor,  reputation,  re- 
nown, glory,  celebrity. 

Infantile.  Young,  childish,  ten- 
der; babyish,  weak;  childlike, 
babylike;  puerile,  imbecile. 

ANT.  Manly,  vigorous,  ma- 
ture, robust. 

Infatuation.  Folly,  stupefac- 
tion, foolishness,  prepossession, 
obsession ;  fatuity,  hallucina- 
tion, madness,  self-deception. 

ANT.  Sagacity,  soundness, 
wisdom,  sanity,  clear-sighted- 
ness. 

Infection.  Contagion;  contami- 
nation, taint,  bane,  pest,  poi- 
son, corruption,  defilement,  vi- 
tiation, pollution. 

ANT.  Purification,  disinfec- 
tion, antidote,  antisepsis. 

Infectious.  Contagious,  catch- 
ing, pestilential,  pestiferous; 
contaminating,  corrupting,  de- 
filing, polluting,  poisoning,  vi- 
tiating. 

[  1 


ANT.  Wholesome,  sanative, 
beneficial,  antiseptic. 

Infer.  Deduce,  conclude,  gather, 
collect,  consider  probable;  de- 
rive, argue. 

ANT.  State,  enunciate,  as- 
sume, guess,  conjecture,  pro- 
pound, anticipate,  prognosti- 
cate. 

Inference.  Conclusion,  deduc- 
tion, corollary,  consequence ; 
generalization,  induction. 

ANT.  Statement,  proposi- 
tion, enunciation. 

Inferiority.  Subordination;  de- 
ficiency, imperfection,  minor- 
ity, poverty,  subjection,  servi- 
tude, depression ;  mediocrity. 
ANT.  Superiority,  eminence, 
excellence,  majority,  elevation, 
independence,  mastery,  exalta- 
tion. 

Infernal.       Hellish ;     diabolical, 
devilish,    fiendish,    demoniacal, 
satanic,    atrocious,    nefarious, 
dark,  accursed,  abominable. 
ANT.     Angelic,  cherubic. 

Infest.  Throng,  overrun,  beset, 
swarm  in;  disturb,  plague,  an- 
noy, tease,  harass,  trouble,  mo- 
lest, torment,  worry,  pester. 

ANT.  Comfort,  refresh,  re- 
gale, gratify. 

Infidel.  Unbeliever,  disbeliever, 
atheist,  denier,  freethinker,  de- 
ist, skeptic,  heretic. 

ANT.  Believer,  pietist,  devo- 
tee, Christian. 

Infidelity.  Unbelief,  disbelief, 
skepticism ;  faithlessness,  un- 
faithfulness, disloyalty. 

ANT.  Fidelity,  belief,  faith, 
religiousness,  credulity,  credu- 
lousness;  faithfulness,  loy- 
alty. 

Infinite.  Absolute,  illimitable, 
limitless,  boundless,  intermi- 
nable, eternal,  unlimited,  un- 
measured, measureless,  unfath- 
omable, unconditioned,  num- 


inf] 


SYNONYMS  'AND   ANTONYMS 


[inf 


berless,  unbounded,  immeasur- 
able, innumerable,  countless. 

ANT.  Brief,  bounded,  rela- 
tive, short,  limited,  finite,  re- 
stricted, transient,  transitory, 
small,  little,  evanescent,  cir- 
cumscribed, measurable,  mod- 
erate, narrow,  shallow;  infini- 
tesimal. 

Infinitesimal.  Minute,  atomic, 
microscopic,  inappreciable,  in- 
conspicuous, undiscernible,  in- 
finitely small. 

ANT.  Enormous,  vast,  infi- 
nite, immeasurable. 

Infinitude,  Infinity.  Bound- 
lessness, vastness,  immensity ; 
infiniteness ;  eternity,  absolute- 
ness, self-determination,  self- 
existence. 

ANT.     Relativity. 

Infirm.  Weak,  feeble,  frail,  de- 
bilitated, enfeebled,  weakened; 
faltering,  wavering,  irresolute, 
vacillating;  unsound,  unstable, 
insecure;  decrepit,  lame,  fail- 
ing, impotent. 

ANT.  Sound,  forcible,  firm, 
strong,  sure,  cogent,  healthy, 
healthful. 

Infirmity.  Weakness,  decrepi- 
tude, debility,  feebleness,  frail- 
ness, frailty;  foible,  fault,  fail- 
ing, defect;  disease,  malady, 
uusoundness. 

ANT.  Strength,  vigor,  un- 
healthfulness,  soundness. 

Inflame.  Excite,  stimulate,  in- 
cite, enkindle,  rouse,  animate, 
inspirit,  work  up,  fire;  irri- 
tate, exasperate,  anger,  nettle, 
provoke,  enrage,  incense,  mad- 
den, infuriate;  fan,  embitter. 

ANT.  Quench,  extinguish, 
allay,  cool,  pacify,  quiet. 

Inflate.  Distend,  expand,  swell, 
bloat,  blow  up;  puff  up,  make 
conceited;  increase,  enlarge. 

ANT.  Exhaust,  empty,  fiat- 
ten,  squeeze,  compress. 


Inflated.  Distended,  swollen, 
bloated;  tumid,  turgid,  bom- 
bastic, st-ilted,  declamatory, 
rhetorical,  sophomorical,  high- 
flown;  pompous. 

ANT.  Simple,  plain,  unaf- 
fected, concise,  laconic,  explicit, 
brief. 

Inflection.  Bend,  bending,  cur- 
vature, flexure,  crook;  varia- 
tion, declension,  conjugation, 
comparison;  flexion. 

ANT.  Straightness,  direct- 
ness, rectilinearity. 

Inflict.  Impose,  lay  on,  put  on; 
afflict. 

ANT.  Spare,  remove,  allevi- 
ate, suspend. 

Infliction.  Imposition,  inflict- 
ing; punishment,  judgment; 
grievance,  trouble,  nuisance. 

ANT.  Remission,  sparing; 
pleasure,  gratification;  accom- 
modation, condoning. 

Influence,  n.  Authority,  ascend- 
ency, control,  predominance, 
sway;  reputation,  weight  of 
character,  credit;  influx,  in- 
flow; effect,  causation,  impulse, 
affection,  power,  weight,  pres- 
tige. 

ANT.  Inefficiency,  ineffec- 
tiveness, inefficacy,  nullity,  in- 
operativeness,  neutrality. 

Influence,  v.  Induce,  incite,  in- 
cline, persuade,  move,  stir,  ac- 
tuate, sway,  compel,  urge,  in- 
stigate, prompt,  lead,  impel,  ex- 
cite, drive,  draw,  direct,  bias. 

ANT.  Prevent,  restrain,  re- 
tard, deter,  discourage,  impede, 
inhibit,  hinder,  dissuade. 

Influential.  Potent,  poAverful, 
controlling;  efficacious,  persua- 
sive, forcible,  guiding,  consid- 
erable ;  authoritative. 

ANT.  Weak,  ineffective,  in. 
operative,  inconsiderable,  un- 
persuasive. 

Inform.     Quicken,  animate,  in- 


[  166  ] 


inf] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ini 


spire;  acquaint,  apprise,  men- 
tion to,  notify,  advise,  tell;  ed- 
ucate, enlighten,  instruct,  im- 
part, communicate. 

ANT.  Misinstruct,  misjudge, 
deceive,  hoodwink,  misinform, 
mystify. 

Information.  Advice,  notice, 
intelligence;  knowledge;  accu- 
sation, complaint,  denuncia- 
tion; instruction,  counsel,  no- 
tification. 

ANT.  Concealment,  mysti- 
fication, ignorance,  occultation. 

Infringe.  Transgress,  violate, 
break,  disobey,  nullify. 

ANT.  Preserve,  observe,  con- 
serve, maintain. 

Infuse.  Instil,  inspire,  intro- 
duce, inculcate,  implant,  dif- 
fuse, shed,  steep,  soak,  water, 
infiltrate,  insinuate,  breathe 
into. 

ANT.  Strain,  dry,  drain,  di- 
vert, retract. 

Ingenious.  Inventive,  gifted, 
able,  clever,  bright,  ready,  sa- 
gacious, adept,  skilful. 

ANT.  Unskilful,  uninven- 
tive,  slow,  unready,  unresource- 
ful,  unprepared,  unapt. 

Ingenuity.  Inventiveness,  in- 
geniousness,  acuteness,  skill, 
ability,  readiness,  faculty,  ap- 
titude, cunning,  turn,  gift,  ge- 
niug. 

ANT.  Inability,  ineptitude, 
clumsiness. 

Ingenuous.  Artless,  open,  can- 
did, frank,  sincere,  straight- 
forward, honest,  transparent, 
guileless,  truthful,  childlike, 
naive,  noble,  generous,  honor- 
able. 

ANT.  Mean,  reserved,  sly, 
insincere,  disingenuous. 

Ingratiate.  Commend  one's  self 
into  favor,  insinuate,  recom- 
mend. 

ANT.    Alienate,  estrange. 


Ingredient.  Element,  compo- 
nent, constituent. 

ANT.  Refuse,  residuum,  in- 
congruity, counteragmt. 

Inherent.  Sticking  fast,  adher- 
ing; essential,  immanent,  in- 
born, inbred,  native,  natural, 
subjective,  innate,  intrinsic,  in- 
hering, congenital,  indispen- 
sable, indwelling,  infixed,  inter- 
nal, ingrained,  inseparable,  in- 
wrought. 

ANT.  Extrinsic,  superficial, 
fortuitous,  casual,  accidental, 
external,  outward,  superfluous, 
transient,  unconnected,  supple- 
mental, incidental,  subsidiary, 
superadded;  foreign,  extrane- 
ous, separable,  temporary. 

Inherit.  Get  as  legacy;  occupy, 
possess,  enjoy. 

ANT.  Acquire,  earn,  gain, 
squander,  bequeath,  leave,  de- 
mise, devise;  dissipate,  alien- 
ate. 

Inheritance.  Inheriting;  her- 
itage, patrimony;  bequest,  pos- 
session, legacy. 

ANT.  Acquisition,  purchase, 
donation;  forfeiture,  lapse;  es- 
cheatment,  alienation. 

Inheritor.  Heir,  successor,  lega- 
tee, devisee. 

ANT.     Testator,  devisor. 

Inimical.  Antagonistic,  hostile, 
unfriendly ;  adverse,  opposed, 
contrary,  repugnant,  noxious, 
pernicious,  hurtful,  harmful. 

ANT.  Friendly,  companion- 
able, comradely;  unanimous, 
agreeable,  beneficial. 

Iniquity.  Injustice,  wickedness, 
sin,  unrighteousness;  crime,  of- 
fense, misdeed,  grievance,  evil- 
doing. 

ANT.  Justice,  integrity,  vir- 
tue, holiness,  honesty,  upright- 
ness. 

Initiation.  Introduction,  en- 
trance, admission;  instruction; 


167  ] 


ini] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


opening,    beginning,    inaugura- 
tion, commencement. 

ANT.  Termination,  comple- 
tion, finish,  fulfilment,  out- 
come. 

Initiative.  Commencement,  be- 
ginning; power  to  originate  or 
begin;  start,  leadersnip,  ex- 
ample. 

ANT.  Termination,  wake, 
rear;  prosecution,  progress,  per- 
severance, accomplishment. 

Injunction.       Command,    order, 
mandate,  precept,  exhortation. 
ANT.      Disobedience,   non-ob- 
servance,   non-compliance,    in- 
subordination. 

Injure.  Maltreat,  wrong,  abuse ; 
harm,  damage,  spoil,  mar,  dis- 
figure, wound,  cripple,  sully. 

ANT.  Benefit,  profit,  advan- 
tage, advance,  repair. 

Injurious.  Wrong,  unjust,  ini- 
quitous; hurtful,  detrimental, 
pernicious,  deleterious,  noxious, 
deadly,  mischievous,  baneful, 
fatal,  destructive,  damaging, 
ruinous,  disadvantageous;  li- 
belous,  slanderous;  prejudicial. 
ANT.  Helpful,  advantageous, 
beneficial,  salutary,  profitable. 

Injury.  Blemish,  damage,  evil, 
disadvantage,  detriment,  hurt, 
loss,  wron<?,  prejudice,  injus- 
tice, mischief,  impairment,  out- 
rage, harm. 

ANT.  Remedy,  advantage, 
amelioration,  benefit,  service, 
toon,  help,  blessing,  improve- 
ment, utiJitv. 

Injustice.  Wrong,  unrighteous- 
ness, iniquity,  grievance,  un- 
fairness, injury. 

ANT.  Equity,  fairness,  jus- 
tice, right,  rectitude,  integrity, 
honesty,  impartiality,  upright- 
ness, lawfulness,  righteousness, 
honor,  faithfulness,  fair  play. 

Inlet.  Opening,  entrance,  com- 
mencement, ingress. 


ANT.  Outlet,  egress,  de~ 
bouchure. 

Inmate.  Occupant,  dweller,  den- 
izen, inhabitant,  tenant,  resi- 
dent. 

ANT.  Visitor,  intruder,  for- 
eigner, stranger,  traveler. 

Inn,  Hotel,  public  house,  tav- 
ern. 

Innate.  Inherent,  inborn,  natu- 
ral, inbred,  native,  congenital, 
organic. 

ANT.  Unnatural,  adventi- 
tious, assumed. 

Inner.  Inmost,  within,  interior, 
secret,  close,  vital. 

ANT.  Outer,  outermost,  ex- 
terior, open. 

Innocence.  Harmlessness,  inof- 
fensiveness,  innocuousness ;  sin- 
lessness,  purity,  stainlessness, 
simplicity,  guilelessness,  guilt- 
lessness, blamelessness. 

ANT.  Guilt,  offensiveness, 
contamination,  tinfulness,  im- 
purity, guile,  corruption. 

Innocent.  Pure,  sinless,  virtu- 
ous, upright,  stainless,  right, 
faultless,  guileless,  clear,  clean, 
blameless,  guiltless,  harmless, 
inoffensive,  righteous,  spotless, 
immaculate,  innocuous. 

ANT.  Criminal,  culpable,  im- 
moral, guilty,  blameworthy. 

Innocuous.  Harmless,  innocent, 
inoffensive,  wholesome,  innox- 
ious. 

ANT.  Hurtful,  deleterious, 
insidious,  obnoxious. 

Innovation.  Change,  alteration, 
novelty,  reversal. 

ANT.  Archaism,  conserva- 
tion, maintenance,  old  fashion, 
obsolescence. 

Inoculate.  Vaccinate,  impreg- 
nate, indoctrinate,  instil,  in- 
sert, imbue,  ingraft,  ingrain. 

ANT.  Prune,  divest;  dis- 
abuse. 

Inquiry.      Query,  interrogation. 


[  168  ] 


inq] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[in* 


question,  interrogatory;  study, 
investigation,  research,  explo- 
ration, examination,  scrutiny; 
asking,  search. 

ANT.  Ouess,  intuition,  con- 
jecture, assumption,  supposi- 
tion, hypothesis. 

Inquisitive.  Curious,  meddle- 
some, intrusive,  searching,  pry- 
ing, inquiring,  meddling,  peep- 
ing, scrutinizing. 

ANT.  Uninterested,  uncon- 
cerned, careless,  heecless,  apa- 
thetic, inattentive,  indifferent. 

Inroad.  Incursion,  foray,  raid, 
irruption,  encroachment,  tres- 
pass, infringement,  dragon- 
nade. 

ANT.  Occupation,  sally,  re- 
treat, settlement,  evacuation, 
excursion,  egress. 

Insane.  Crazy,  lunatic,  mad,  de- 
ranged, demented,  crazed,  de- 
lirious. 

ANT.  Sane,  sound,  sensible, 
quiet,  composed,  sober. 

Insanity.  Delirium,  dementia, 
frenzy,  lunacy,  mania,  aberra- 
tion, madness,  alienation,  de- 
rangement, monomania,  hallu- 
cination, craziness. 

ANT.  Sanity,  clearness,  ra- 
tionality, lucidity,  good  sense, 
reason,  intellect,  intelligence. 

Inscribe.  Write,  engrave,  im- 
press, imprint;  address,  dedi- 
cate; label,  letter,  mark,  deline- 
ate. 

ANT.  Erase,  efface,  cancel, 
expunge,  obliterate. 

Inscrutable.  Incomprehensible, 
unsearchable,  impenetrable,  un- 
intelligible, hidden,  mysterious, 
untraceable,  insolvable,  pro- 
found. 

ANT.  Obvious,  intelligible, 
explainable,  self-evident,  famil- 
iar. 

Insert.  Set  in,  place  in,  intro- 
duce. 


ANT.    Exclude,  follow,  add. 

Inside.     Within,  internally. 

ANT.  Without,  outside,  ex- 
ternally. 

Insidious.  Artful,  crafty,  schem- 
ing, cunning,  intriguing,  tricky, 
designing;  secret,  deceptive. 

ANT.  Straightforward,  sin- 
cere, undesigning. 

Insinuate.  Push  slily,  ingrati- 
ate; infuse,  inculcate;  hint,  in- 
timate, suggest;  introduce,  in- 
sert. 

ANT.  Withdraw,  extract,  re- 
tract, alienate. 

Insipid.  Tasteless,  stale,  flat; 
spiritless,  heavy,  stupid,  unin- 
teresting, prosaic,  tame,  prosy, 
dull,  unentertaining,  charac- 
terless, flavorless. 

ANT.  Racy,  interesting,  en- 
gaging, piquant,  spirited,  lively. 

Insist.  Demand,  maintain,  urge, 
contend,  persist,  press,  perse- 
vere. 

ANT.  Abandon,  surrender, 
concede,  yield,  waive,  forego. 

Insolence.  Rudeness,  contempt, 
disrespect,  contumely;  imper- 
tinence, pertness,  impudence; 
frowardness,  disobedience,  in- 
subordination ;  arrogance,  as- 
sumption. 

ANT.  Consideration,  defer- 
ence, modesty,  respect,  polite- 
ness, bashfulncss. 

Insolvent.  Bankrupt,  penniless, 
beggared,  ruined. 

ANT.  Solvent,  wealthy,  flush, 
flourishing,  thriving. 

Inspect.  Examine,  scrutinize, 
investigate,  oversee,  superin- 
tend, supervise,  overhaul. 

ANT.  Overlook,  connive,  dis- 
miss, glance,  pretermit. 

Inspector.  Examiner,  critic,  vis- 
itor, superintendent,  censor, 
supervisor. 

Inspiration.  Inhalation;  affla- 
tus, obsession;  exaltation,  an- 


[  169  ] 


ins] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ins 


thusiasm,  frenzy,  impulse,  rev- 
elation, intuition;  insight,  ge- 
nius. 

ANT.  Study,  education,  ac- 
quirement, learning,  elabora- 
tion, observation,  deduction. 

Instance.  Request,  impulse,  in- 
stigation, incitement;  solicita- 
tion, importunity,  pressure, 
urgency;  illustration,  example, 
citation,  case,  exemplification, 
specification ;  entreaty,  point, 
prompting,  persuasion,  occur- 
rence. 

ANT.  Dissuasion,  warning, 
deprecation,  reluctance;  rule, 
principle,  statement. 

Instant,  n.  Moment,  twinkling, 
second,  minute,  flash,  trice, 
jiffy;  particular  hour  or  mo- 
ment. 

ANT.  Period,  time,  cycle,  du- 
ration; eternity,  permanence, 
perpetuity. 

Instant,  a.  Immediate,  instan- 
taneous, quick;  pressing,  ear- 
nest, urgent;  current,  present, 
passing. 

ANT.  Continuous,  contin- 
ual; perpetual,  eternal. 

Instantly.  Immediately,  forth- 
with, directly,  at  once,  pres- 
ently, straightway. 

ANT.  In  the  future,  after  a 
time. 

Instigate.  Incite,  impel,  move, 
urge,  prompt,  provoke,  stimu- 
late, rouse,  influence,  encour- 
age, persuade,  prevail  upon. 

ANT.  Repress,  restrain,  dis- 
courage, unthhold,  retard. 

Instil.  Infuse,  insinuate;  im- 
plant, enforce,  impress,  incul- 
cate, import,  introduce. 

ANT.  Extract,  remove,  elim- 
inate, eradicate,  drain,  extir- 
pate. 

Instinct,  n.  Impulse,  proclivity, 
tendency,  inclination,  prompt- 
ing, intuition. 


ANT.  Reason,  deliberation, 
experience,  judgment,  elabora- 
tion, experiment. 

Instinctive.  Natural,  spontane- 
ous; impulsive,  unreflecting; 
voluntary,  intuitive. 

ANT.  Rational,  cultivated, 
logical,  judicious,  reasonable, 
reasoning. 

Institute,  v.  Found,  establish, 
originate,  appoint,  settle,  fix; 
ordain,  enact,  pass ;  begin,  com- 
mence; invest,  instal,  appoint, 
induct,  organize. 

ANT.  Subvert,  degrade,  de- 
prive, disestablish. 

Institution.  Establishment,  in- 
vestiture, custom,  practice;  col- 
lege, school,  academy,  seminary, 
university. 

Instruct.  Teach,  inform,  train, 
educate,  enlighten,  indoctri- 
nate; direct,  command,  order; 
acquaint,  discipline,  initiate. 

ANT.  Misinform,  misguide, 
mislead,  deceive,  neglect;  bru- 
talize; learn,  study. 

Instruction.  Teaching,  educa- 
tion, training,  schooling,  infor- 
mation, discipline,  tuition,  ad- 
vice, counsel,  direction,  precept, 
order,  command,  mandate. 

ANT.  Misguidance,  misinfor- 
mation, misdirection;  pupilage, 
obedience. 

Instrument.  Tool,  utensil,  im- 
plement; agent,  medium,  ma- 
chine; document,  deed,  writ- 
ing, charter,  indenture,  record. 
ANT.  Obstruction,  bar,  stop, 
preventive;  counteragent,  op- 
ponent, neutralizer ;  misappli- 
cation, counteraction. 

Instrumentality.  Intervention, 
medium,  means,  agency,  medi- 
ation; use,  employment. 

ANT.  Property,  quality,  vir- 
tue, force,  efficacy;  non-inter- 
vention, spontaneity;  counter- 
agency,  neutralization. 


ins] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[int 


Insult,  n.  Offense  affront,  in- 
dignity, outrage,  abuse,  rude- 
ness, dishonor,  slight,  disre- 
spect. 

ANT.  Respect,  hcmage,  com- 
pliment, deference. 

Insult,  v.  Outrage,  offend,  dis- 
honor, abuse ;  provoke,  mock, 
ridicule. 

ANT.  Respect,  salute,  honor, 
compliment,  flatter,  praise. 

Insure.  Make  secure;  assure; 
underwrite;  provide,  warrant, 
secure,  guarantee,  stabilitate. 

ANT.  Imperil,  jeopardize, 
shake,  stake. 

Insurgent,  n.  Rebel,  malcontent, 
mutineer,  traitor,  rioter. 

ANT.  Patriot,  adherent,  sup- 
porter; ruler,  magistrate. 

Insurgent,  a.  Rebellious,  diso- 
bedient, mutinous,  unruly,  in- 
subordinate, seditious. 

ANT.  Obedient,  loyal,  patri- 
otic. 

Insurrection.  Rebellion,  revolt, 
uprising,  mutiny,  sedition,  riot, 
tumult,  anarchy;  pronounce- 
ment. 

ANT.  Law,  order,  peace,  sub- 
jection, obedience,  submission, 
bondage,  subsidence,  acquies- 
cence; government,  pacification. 

Intact.  Untouched,  unhurt,  un- 
harmed, uninjured,  scatheless; 
whole,  entire,  unbroken,  un- 
diminished ;  safe,  inviolate,  sa- 
cred, undefiled,  uncorrupted, 
uncontaminated. 

ANT.  Defiled,  hurt,  touched, 
injured,  corrupt,  affected,  con- 
taminated. 

Integrate.  Unite,  combine,  con- 
solidate, solidify,  incorporate; 
sum,  complete. 

ANT.  Analyze,  dismember, 
detach,  remove,  amputate,  dis- 
integrate. 

Integrity.  Completeness,  en- 
tirety, wholeness;  honesty,  rec- 


titude, virtue,  goodness,  prin- 
ciple; uprightness,  honor,  prob- 
ity, candor,  truthfulness,  con- 
scientiousness. 

ANT.  Fraud,  meanness,  ras- 
cality, duplicity,  unfairness, 
underhand  fdness. 

Intellect.  Reason,  mind,  sense, 
brains,  understanding;  con- 
sciousness, instinct;  ability,  ge- 
nius, talent. 

ANT.  Matter,  mechanism, 
force;  passion;  spirit,  soul. 

Intellectual.  Mental,  psycho- 
logical, inventive,  learned,  cul- 
tured; philosophical,  metaphys- 
ical. 

ANT.  Illiterate,  unlearned, 
ignorant. 

Intelligence.  Knowledge,  infor- 
mation, understanding,  appre- 
hension, discernment,  acumen, 
penetration,  quickness,  bright- 
ness, comprehension;  news,  an- 
nouncement, tidings,  report, 
rumor,  statement,  notice,  no- 
tification, publication,  advice^ 
instruction;  intellect,  spirit. 

ANT.  Misinformation,  mis- 
understanding; ignorance,  con- 
cealment, stupidity,  misappre- 
hension, dulness,  suppression, 
silence. 

Intelligible.  Clear,  plain,  un- 
derstandable, distinct,  compre- 
hensible, explainable,  familiar, 
self-evident,  obvious. 

ANT.  Inscrutable,  mysteri- 
ous, hidden,  insolvable,  impen- 
etrable, ttnfathomable. 

Intend.  Design,  resolve,  mean, 
propose,  purpose,  contemplate, 
determine,  meditate. 

ANT.  Venture,  risk,  hazard, 
chance. 

Intense.  Close,  severe,  strict, 
intent,  strained;  extreme;  for- 
cible, energetic,  powerful;  ar- 
dent, earnest,  vehement,  exces- 


sive, immoderate. 


[  171  ] 


int] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[int 


ANT.  Relaxed,  easy,  mod- 
.erate,  forceless,  impotent,  in- 
different, cool,  languid. 

Intensity.  Intenseness,  close- 
ness, severity,  strictness;  ten- 
sion, force,  concentration,  at- 
tention, strain;  vehemence,  vi- 
olence, excess;  ardor,  energy, 
eagerness,  power,  vigor,  activ- 
ity, strength. 

ANT.  Laxity,  relaxation,  de- 
bility, languor,  coolness,  indif- 
ference. 

Intent,  n.  Purpose,  aim,  ob- 
ject, design,  end,  meaning,  in- 
tention, purport,  scope,  drift, 
view. 

ANT.  Chance,  lot,  accident, 
fate. 

Intent,  a.  Eager,  fixed,  earnest, 
close,  bent,  set. 

ANT.  Distracted,  diverted, 
indifferent. 

Intention.  Design,  purpose,  in- 
tent, meaning,  purport. 

ANT.    Chance,  fortune,  luck. 

Intentional.  Deliberate,  con- 
templated, designed,  intended, 
studied,  purposed,  premedi- 
tated. 

ANT.  Casual,  accidental,  un- 
designed, fortuitous. 

Inter.     Bury,  entomb,  inhume. 
ANT.     Exhume,  disinter. 

Inter-.  The  synonyms  and  an- 
tonyms of  words  beginning 
•with  the  prefix  inter-,  signify- 
ing between,  among,  amidst, 
mutually,  may  be  obtained  by 
adding  this  meaning  to  that  of 
the  synonyms  and  antonyms  of 
the  root  word,  in  such  cases  as 
are  of  simple  derivation. 

Intercede.  Mediate,  arbitrate, 
interpose,  plead,  make  interces- 
sion, advocate,  interfere. 

ANT.  Abandon,  excuse,  in- 
criminate, inculpate. 

Intercept.  Stop,  cease;  arrest, 
catch;  obstruct,  interrupt. 


ANT.  Send,  despatch,  dele- 
gate, forward,  commission,  in- 
terchange. 

Intercourse.  Converse,  commun- 
ication, communion,  commerce, 
connection,  correspondence,  in- 
timacy, dealing,  intercommuni- 
cation. 

ANT.  Cessation,  suspension, 
reticence,  disconnection,  inter- 
ception. 

Interdict.  Prohibit,  forbid,  pro- 
scribe, inhibit,  restrain,  stop, 
debar,  disallow. 

ANT.  Indulge,  grant,  allow, 
concede. 

Interest,  n.  Advantage,  benefit, 
profit,  good;  part,  portion;  re- 
gards, sympathy,  concern,  at- 
tention, curiosity,  selfishness, 
behalf,  share;  authority,  in- 
fluence ;  premium. 

ANT.  Disadvantage,  loss; 
inattention,  unconcern,  indif- 
ference; disconnection,  repudi- 
ation. 

Interfere.  Intermeddle,  inter- 
pose; clash,  conflict,  intervene, 
be  opposed. 

ANT.  Withdraw,  retract,  re- 
tire, recede. 

Interior.  Inside,  internal,  in- 
ner, inward,  inland. 

ANT.     Outside,  exterior. 
Interloper.      Intruder,   meddler, 
supernumerary. 

ANT.     Member,  constituent. 
Intermediate.      Intervening,  in- 
terposed, interjacent,  included, 
comprised,   middle,   moderate. 

ANT.  Surrounding,  enclos- 
ing, outside,  embracing,  cir- 
cumjacent; extreme;  exclu- 
sive. 

Interment.  Burial,  sepulture, 
inhumation. 

ANT.  Exhumation,  resur- 
rection. 

Intermission.  Suspension,  in- 
terruption, stoppage,  rest,  stop, 


[  172  ] 


int] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[int 


pause,  suspense,  respite,  inter- 
lude, remission,  cessation,  dis- 
continuance, interval,  interreg- 
num. 

ANT.  Continuity,  continu- 
ance, constancy,  uninterrupt- 
edncss,  permanence,  perpetuity. 

Intermit.  Suspend,  interrupt, 
relax,  discontinue,  break,  stop, 
cease,  abate,  subside. 

ANT.  Continue,  prosecute; 
urge,  despatch. 

Internal.  Inner,  interior,  in- 
side; within. 

ANT.  Outer,  exterior,  out- 
side. 

Internecine.  Destructive,  ex- 
terminating, deadly,  inextin- 
guishable, irreconcilable,  mor- 
tal, internecinal. 

ANT.  Desultory,  incursive, 
marauding,  skirmishing,  buc- 
caneering, guerilla,  freeboot- 
ing. 

Interpolate.  Introduce,  insevt, 
foist  in,  intercalate;  interlard, 
interweave,  import,  garble,  in- 
tersperse, gloss. 

ANT.  Expunge,  erase,  ex- 
purgate; verify,  authenticate; 
elide. 

Interpose.  Interfere,  intercede, 
interrupt,  mediate,  meddle,  ar- 
bitrate, intermeddle. 

ANT.  Avoid,  shun,  retire, 
withdraw,  hold  aloof,  let  be, 
keep  clear,  stand  aside. 

Interpret.  Explain,  define,  ex- 
pound, elucidate,  Unfold,  de- 
cipher; translate,  render,  con- 
strue; declare,  represent,  solve. 
ANT.  Mistake,  misconceive, 
misunderstand,  falsify,  misin- 
terpret, distort,  misrepresent. 

Interpretation.  Exposition,  ex- 
planation, elucidation;  version, 
construction,  rendering,  trans- 
lation; sense,  meaning,  defini- 
tion, signification,  solution. 
ANT.  Misinterpretation,  mis- 


rendering;  problem,  text,  diffi- 
culty. 

Interrogate.  Question,  ask,  ex- 
amine, inquire  of,  catechise. 

ANT.    Affirm,  answer,  assertt 
indorse,  pronounce. 

Interrupt.  Disturb,  stop,  hin- 
der, delay,  interfere  with;  sep- 
arate, disconnect,  divide,  sever, 
sunder,  cut,  dissolve;  suspend, 
discontinue,  break  off;  inter- 
sect. 

ANT.      Continue,    prosecute, 
expedite. 

Interstice.     Crevice,  hole,  inter- 
val,  chink,  cleft,   cranny,  gap, 
crack,  fissure,  interspace. 
ANT.    Seam,  suture,  stop-gap. 

Interval.  Interstice;  spell,  sea- 
son, period,  term,  intermedi- 
ate time,  interim,  meantime, 
intermission,  interspace,  cessa- 
tion. 

ANT.      Continuity,    uninter- 
ruptedness,  simultaneousness. 

Intervention.  Interposition,  in- 
terference, intrusion,  interces- 
sion, insinuation;  agency,  me- 
diation. 

ANT.      Continuance,    non-in- 
terference. 

Interview.  Meeting,  parley,  con- 
ference, consultation,  colloquy, 
confabulation. 

ANT.  Isolation,  exclusion,  in- 
dependence, avoidance. 

Intestate.  Unwilled,  undevised, 
unbequeathed. 

ANT.    Willed,  bequeathed,  de- 
vised. 

Intestine,  a.  Internal,  domestic, 
interior,  inward ;  civil ;  subjec- 
tive. 

ANT.    External,  outward,  for- 
eign, federal;  objective. 

Intimate,  n.  Confidant,  associ- 
ate, crony,  familiar,  companion, 
friend. 

Intimate,  v.  Suggest,  hint,  in- 
sinuate, allude  to,  remind  of; 


[  173  ] 


Int] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[int 


announce,     declare,     communi- 
cate, tell. 

ANT.  Conceal,  reserve,  with- 
hold, repress. 

Intimate,  a.  Near,  close,  famil- 
iar, friendly,  confidential;  in- 
ternal, interior,  inward,  deep- 
seated,  hearty;  thorough,  com- 
plete, direct,  exact;  conversant. 
ANT.  Distant,  strange,  unfa- 
miliar; superficial. 

Intimidate.  Frighten,  alarm, 
scare,  daunt,  dismay,  threaten, 
appal,  terrify,  deter,  dishearten. 
ANT.  Calm,  compose;  en- 
courage, inspirit,  animate,  reas- 
sure. 

Intolerable.  Insufferable,  un- 
endurable, insupportable,  un- 
bearable. 

ANT.  Endurable,  comfort- 
able, tolerable,  supportable,  pos- 
sible to  be  borne. 

Intolerant.  Bigoted,  unforbear- 
ing;  extreme. 

ANT.  Tolerant,  forbearing, 
large-minded,  indulgent. 

Intoxication.  Inebriety,  inebri- 
ation, drunkenness ;  excitement, 
infatuation,  exhilaration,  delir- 
ium, bewilderment,  hallucina- 
tion, ecstasy;  poison,  venom. 

ANT.  Antidote,  sobriety,  san- 
ity, gravity,  melancholy,  depres- 
sion; abstinence,  abstemious- 
ness. 

Intrenchment.  Ditch,  dike,  for- 
tification, earthwork,  moat;  de- 
fense, protection,  shelter,  inva- 
sion, inroad,  encroachment,  in- 
fringement, trespass. 

ANT.  Wall,  rampart,  mole, 
embankment,  mound,  bastion; 
forbearance,  deference,  respect. 

Intrepid.  Bold,  brave,  fearless, 
undaunted,  courageous,  valor- 
ous, unterrified,  dauntless,  chiv- 
alrous, heroic,  undismayed,  un- 
awed,  valiant,  doughty. 

ANT.     Cautious,  timid,  fear- 


ful, cowardly,  dismayed,  terri- 
fied. 

Intricacy.  Complexity,  compli- 
cation, entanglement,  perplex- 
ity, difficulty,  intricateness,  ob- 
scurity, confusion. 

ANT.  Directness,  obvious- 
ness; system,  method;  disposi- 
tion, array. 

Intricate.  Involved,  perplexed, 
complicated,  entangled,  com- 
plex; mazy,  labyrinthine,  tor- 
tuous. 

ANT.  Simple,  direct,  obvious, 
plain,  uninvolved. 

Intrigue.  Plot,  scheme,  cabal, 
conspiracy,  machination,  arti- 
fice, cunning,  duplicity,  trick- 
ery, chicanery,  ruse;  liaison, 
amour. 

ANT.  Insurrection,  assault, 
rebellion,  force,  violence;  sin- 
cerity, candor,  honesty,  open- 
ness, straight  fonvardness. 

Intrinsic.  Inward,  internal,  es- 
sential, real,  genuine,  true,  in- 
herent, native,  innate,  natural, 
immanent,  inbred,  inborn. 

ANT.  Extrinsic,  acquired,  ap- 
parent, accidental,  borrowed, 
assumed,  pretended,  added,  ex- 
ternal, adventitious. 

Introduce.  Lead  in,  usher  in, 
present,  conduct  in,  commence, 
make  acquainted,  make  known, 
begin,  preface. 

ANT.  Come  after,  succeed, 
follow;  end,  conclude. 

Introduction.  Introducing,  pres- 
entation, ushering  in;  preface, 
prelude,  preamble,  proem,  exor- 
dium; induction,  importation, 
insertion,  commencement,  pre- 
liminary; portico,  gate,  vesti- 
bule, entrance. 

ANT.  Eduction,  ejection; 
extraction,  exportation,  elimi- 
nation, estrangement;  comple- 
tion, conclusion,  end;  egress. 

Introductory.    Prefatory,  initia- 


[  174  ] 


int] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


tory,   preliminary,   precursory, 
preparatory ;   commendatory. 

ANT.  Final,  conclusive,  ter- 
minal, valedictory,  supplemen- 
tal; alienative. 

Intrude.  Obtrude,  encroach,  in- 
fringe, trespass,  trench,  inter- 
fere, meddle. 

ANT.     Withdraw,  retire,  re- 
cede; remove,  retract. 
Intrusion.       Encroachment,    in- 
terference, intruding,  obtrusion, 
infringement. 

ANT.     Withdrawal,  removal, 
retirement,  retraction. 
Intuition.     Apprehension,  cogni- 
tion, perception,  beholding;  in- 
stinct, insight,  recognition. 

ANT.  Information,  instruc- 
tion, learning,  experience,  ac- 
quirement, induction. 
Inundate.  Flood,  deluge,  over- 
flow, submerge,  cover,  over- 
whelm. 

ANT.  Drain,  dry,  reclaim, 
desiccate,  parch. 

Invade.  Attack,  infringe,  vio- 
late, encroach  on,  trench  upon; 
march  into,  enter  in,  assault, 
assail,  occupy. 

ANT.  Abandon,  relinquish, 
vacate,  evacuate. 

Invalid,  a.  Week,  feeble,  infirm, 
sick,  frail;  null,  void;  unsound, 
baseless,  untrue,  unfounded,  fal- 
lacious. 

ANT.  Strong,  well,  healthy, 
vigorous;  sound,  legal,  constitu- 
tional; legitimate,  authorized; 
genuine,  true,  correct,  exact. 
Invalidate.  Nullify,  cancel,  an- 
nul, overthrow,  make  void. 

ANT.  Conserve,  maintain,  es- 
tablish, confirm,  enact,  insti- 
tute. 

Invasion.  Trespass,  incursion,  ir- 
ruption, encroachment,  inroad. 

ANT.  Evacuation,  abandon- 
ment, relinquishment ;  settle- 
ment; retreat. 


Invective.  Satire,  sarcasm,  dia- 
tribe, railing,  abuse;  obloquy, 
denunciation,  vituperation,  re- 
proach, castigation. 

ANT.  Praise,  commendation, 
encomium,  eulogy,  panegyric. 

Invent.  Discover,  find  out,  de- 
vise, contrive,  produce;  design, 
concoct,  elaborate ;  conceive, 
contrive,  fabricate,  originate, 
forge,  frame. 

ANT.  Copy,  imitate,  repro- 
duce; execute. 

Invention.  Contrivance,  con- 
struction, device;  fiction,  fab- 
rication, falsehood;  thought, 
idea. 

ANT.     Material. 

Inventive.  Ingenious,  skilful, 
clever,  adept,  resourceful. 

ANT.  Slow,  unskilful,  unin- 
ventive. 

Inventor.       Contriver,    origina- 
tor, author,  creator. 
ANT.     Destroyer. 

Inventory.  List,  catalogue,  reg- 
ister, record,  enrolment,  enu- 
meration. 

Inversion.  Reversal,  transposi- 
tion, alteration,  deflection,  vio- 
lation, permutation. 

ANT.  Erectness,  verticality; 
stability,  permanence,  fixity, 
state,  order,  sequence;  conser- 
vation. 

Invert.  Upset,  overthrow,  re- 
verse, subvert. 

ANT.  Restore,  set  up,  make 
upright. 

Invest.     Clothe,  dress,  array,  en- 
dow; attend,  surround;  lay  out. 
ANT.     Divest,  dismantle,  un- 
clothe, strip,  disrobe;  deprive. 

Investigate.  Inquire,  examine, 
test,  scrutinize,  prove,  search, 
explore,  inspect,  criticize,  dis- 
cuss, study. 

ANT.    Conjecture,  guess. 

Investigation.  Search,  exami- 
nation, inquiry,  research,  ex- 


t  175  1 


inv] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[iss 


ploration,    inquisition,   sifting, 
scrutiny,  study. 

ANT.     Discovery,  clue,  indi- 
cation; solution,   thread. 
Investiture.  Installation,  induc- 
tion, investment,  habilitation. 

ANT.  Divestiture,  divest- 
ment. 

Inveterate.  Long-established, 
obstinate;  malignant,  spiteful, 
virulent;  besetting,  confirmed, 
chronic,  ingrain,  incarnate,  ha- 
bitual, deep-rooted,  hardened, 
accustomed. 

ANT.  Undeveloped,  incipient, 
"unformed. 

Invidious.  Hateful,  offensive, 
odious;  unfair,  partial,  incon- 
siderate ;  gratuitous. 

ANT.     Fair,    just,   consider- 
ate, impartial,  due. 
Invigorate.      Strengthen,  brace, 
harden,   nerve,   refresh,  stimu- 
late, animate,  exhilarate. 

ANT.  Weaken,  enfeeble,  de- 
bilitate, deteriorate,  relax,  un- 
string, enervate. 

Invitation.  Solicitation,  allure- 
ment, enticement. 

ANT.    Rebuff,  snub,  check,  re- 


Invite.  Ask,  summon,  bid,  re- 
quest, solicit,  call,  attract,  en- 
tice, persuade,  allure;  tempt, 
incite,  challenge. 

ANT.  Repel,  forbid,  depre- 
cate; exclude,  discard. 

Invoke.  Supplicate,  implore, 
solicit,  summon,  call,  beseech, 
invite,  challenge,  invocate,  ap- 
peal to,  conjure,  imprecate. 

ANT.  Defy;  deprecate,  de- 
ter; ignore,  elude;  warn,  in- 
hibit. 

Involution.  Complication,  en- 
tanglement; envelope;  implica- 
tion, mingling. 

AWT.  Evolution,  disconnec- 
tion, evolvement,  extrication, 
separation. 


Involve.  Envelop,  wrap,  cover; 
comprise,  embrace,  contain ; 
connect,  unite,  mingle,  blend, 
twine,  interweave;  implicate, 
entangle,  complicate,  embroil, 
embarrass,  include,  overwhelm, 
imply. 

ANT.  Extricate,  remove,  dis- 
connect, separate,  disentangle, 
distinguish,  explicate. 

Inward.    Secretly,  privately;  in- 
ternal, interior,  inner;  within. 
ANT.    Outward,  external,  ex- 
terior. 

Iota.     Jot,  tittle,  particle,  atom. 
ANT.     Whole,  mass. 

Irate,  Irascible.  Hasty,  angry, 
enraged,  incensed,  choleric,  ir- 
ritable. 

ANT.  Good-tempered,  calm, 
forbearing,  gentle,  mild. 

Ire.  Anger,  wrath,  rage,  fury, 
choler,  indignation,  resentment, 
displeasure,  vexation. 

ANT.  Good  will,  patience,  for- 
bearance, mildness,  forgiveness, 
reconciliation,  peaceableness. 

Irridescent.       Prismatic;    opal- 
ine, polychromatous,  nacreous. 
ANT.    Blanched,  neutral,  col- 
orless, dingy,  achromatic. 

Isolate.  Separate,  detach,  dis- 
sociate; insulate. 

ANT.     Associate,  unite. 

Isolation.  Separation,  loneli- 
ness, segregation,  detachment, 
disconnection,  insulation;  soli- 
tariness, solitude. 

ANT.  Organization,  commu- 
nity, co-membership,  connec- 
tion; continuity,  concatenation. 

Issue.  Egress,  exit,  outlet;  de- 
livery; copy,  number,  edition, 
impression;  event,  outcome,  re- 
sult, end,  conclusion,  consum- 
mation, effect,  termination; 
children,  offspring,  posterity, 
progeny ;  antagonism,  contro- 
versy, contest. 

ANT.      Cause,   principle,   »n- 


[  176  ] 


ite] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[joe 


fluence,  action,  working,  oper- 
ation; laic,  system,  commence- 
ment; ancestry,  paternity. 
Iteration.  Recital,  repetition, 
reiteration,  recurrence,  harp- 
ing, succession. 

Single  statement. 


Itinerant,  a.  Traveling,  wan- 
dering, roving,  roaming,  jour- 
neying, unsettled,  nomadic. 

ANT.     Stationary,   domestic, 
settled,  fixed,  local. 

Itinerary.  Guide,  guidebook, 
schedule. 


Jade,  v.  Tire,  weary,  fatigue, 
exhaust,  fag ;  worry,  harass,  op- 
press. 

ANT.      Refresh,    recruit,    in- 
vigorate, inspirit. 

Jagged.     Notched,  indented,  un- 
even, ragged. 
ANT.     Smooth. 

Jangle,  n.  Jargon,  babel,  bick- 
ering, wrangle,  quarrel,  squab- 
ble, contention. 

ANT.     Argument,   discourse, 
debate. 

Jar,  v.  Shake,  agitate ;  clash,  in- 
terfere; wrangle,  quarrel,  con- 
tend, bicker,  spar,  squabble, 
jangle. 

ANT.     Agree,  harmonize,  ac- 
cord, concur. 

Jarg-on.  Gabble,  gibberish;  non- 
sense, twaddle,  flummery,  trash, 
stuff,  gabble;  slang;  lingo,  pa- 
tois. 

ANT.     Speech,  conversation; 
discourse,  oration;   literature. 

Jaundiced.      Biased,  prejudiced, 
warped,  prepossessed;   bilious. 
ANT.       Unprejudiced,    unbi- 
ased. 

Jaunty.  Airy,  showy,  finical, 
fluttering,  gay,  fine,  bedizened, 
flighty,  fantastic,  flaunting. 

ANT.      Staid,    sober,   sedate, 
dignified,  demure. 

Jealous.  Envious,  suspicious, 
resentful,  covetous,  invidious ; 
anxious,  apprehensive,  solici- 
tous, zealous,  watchful. 


ANT.    Indifferent,  genial,  tm- 
envious,  liberal,  self-denying. 
Jealousy.      Suspicion,   envy,   ri- 
valry, solicitude. 

ANT.      Vigilance,    watchful- 
ness,   magnanimity,    generous- 
ness,   friendliness;   certainty. 
Jeer,  v.    Scoff,  taunt,  jibe,  sneer, 
flout,  mock,  jest,  deride,  banter. 
ANT.      Flatter,    compliment, 
praise;  adulate,  faum,  cringe. 
Jejune.     Empty,  barren,  meager, 
dry,    sterile,   bare,   lean,   unin- 
teresting, thin,  scant,  poverty- 
stricken,  poor,  void. 

ANT.     Full,  rich,  exuberant, 
racy,  interesting,  overwrought, 
redundant,  abundant. 
Jeopardy.      Hazard,  peril,  risk, 
danger,  venture. 

ANT.      Security,   safety,   in- 
surance,  provision. 
Jest,   n.     Joke,   witticism,   quip, 
sally,  raillery,  fun,  sport. 

ANT.      Seriousness,    gravity, 
earnest. 

Jest,  v.     Joke,  sport,  rally,  ban- 
ter, ridicule,  mock,  grin. 

ANT.     Preach,  sermonize. 
Jocose.       Humorous,    facetious, 
witty,    droll,    funny,    comical, 
jocular,   sportive,   merry,  wag- 
gish. 

ANT.      Melancholy,    serious, 
earnest,  grave,  lugubrious. 
Jocund.     Joyous,  joyful,  merry, 
frolicsome,  blithe,  jolly,  sport- 
ive, lively,  playful,  airy,  gay, 


[  177 


Joi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[jud 


debonair,  jovial,  gleeful,  care- 
less, blithesome,  mirthful,  hi- 
larious, sprightly,  vivacious. 

ANT.  Melancholy,  dull,  sor- 
rowful, grave,  mournful,  cheer- 
less, rueful,  doleful,  careworn, 
woful. 

Join.  Add,  attach,  annex;  con- 
nect, couple,  link,  unite,  con- 
join, cement;  adjoin,  be  adja- 
cent to,  connect  with;  associ- 
ate with,  confederate,  league. 

ANT.      Separate,   disconnect, 
disjoin,  subtract,  sever. 
Joint.     Juncture,  union;  flexure, 
elbow,  knee,  articulation. 

ANT.  Disconnection,  contin- 
uity, uniformity,  solution,  dis- 
junction. 

Jollification.  Revelry,  convivial- 
ity, festivity,  revel,  carousal, 
wassail,  carouse,  fun,  carnival. 

ANT.  Weariness,  tedium, 
tediousness,  soberness,  monot- 
ony. 

Jolly.  Merry,  joyous,  gay,  jo- 
vial, mirthful,  jocund,  sportive, 
jocular,  funny,  sprightly,  face- 
tious, waggish,  blithe,  blithe- 
some, cheery,  cheerful;  portly, 
bouncing,  stout,  plump. 

ANT.  Sad,  mournful,  cheer- 
less, mirthless,  joyless,  lugu- 
brious, gloomy,  morose. 
Jostle.  Push,  crowd,  hustle,  col- 
lide, strike  against;  shake,  in- 
commode, joggle,  jog,  jolt. 

ANT.  Clear,  lead,  convoy, 
escort,  pilot,  precede,  extricate, 
attend. 

Jot.  Iota,  whit,  tittle,  particle, 
atom,  grain,  bit,  mite,  scrap, 
scintilla,  cipher,  trifle,  idea, 
thought,  morsel,  fraction. 

ANT.  World,  mass,  volume, 
heap,  bulk. 

Journey.  Travel,  transit,  expe- 
dition, excursion,  tour,  voyage, 
trip,  pilgrimage. 

ANT.    Sojourn,  tarrying,  de- 


lay, stop,   stay,  abiding,  stop- 
over. 

Jovial.  Merry,  joyous,  gay,  fes- 
tive, mirthful,  jolly,  gleeful, 
hilarious,  genial,  convivial. 

ANT.  Ungenial,  gloomy,  lu- 
gubrious, melancholy,  satur- 
nine. 

Joviality.  Merriment,  jollity, 
mirth,  hilarity,  gaiety,  frolic, 
fun. 

ANT.  Sadness,  seriousness, 
soberness. 

Joy.  Gladness,  delight,  pleasure, 
happiness,  transport,  felicity, 
exultation,  ecstasy,  bliss,  rap- 
ture, gaiety,  hilarity,  glee,  be- 
atitude, ravishment. 

ANT.  Sorrow,  grief,  melan- 
choly, affliction,  tears,  depres- 
sion, despondency,  pain,  mis- 
ery, trouble,  despair. 

Joyful.  Glad,  joyous,  merry,  ju- 
bilant, jocund,  happy,  jolly, 
jovial,  elate,  elated,  delighted, 
buoyant. 

ANT.  Grave,  solemn,  mourn- 
ful, sad,  melancholy,  lugubri- 
ous. 

Jubilant.  Rejoicing,  exultant, 
triumphant,  joyous,  festive,  ex- 
ulting, congratulatory. 

ANT.  Doleful,  sorrowful,  re- 
morseful, wailing,  penitent,  lu- 
gubrious. 

Jubilee.     Festival,  season  of  re- 
joicing,   feast,   holiday,   festiv- 
ity, revel,  carnival,  merriment* 
ANT.      Fast,    mourning,    hu- 
miliation, penitence. 

Judge.  Justice,  referee,  arbiter, 
arbitrator,  ximpire ;  magistrate, 
authority;  critic,  connoisseur. 

ANT.  Criminal,  novice,  tyro, 
ignoramus. 

Judgment.  Discernment,  esti- 
mate, award,  criticism,  under- 
standing, discrimination,  intel- 
ligence, taste,  sagacity,  pene- 
tration, wisdom,  brains,  pru- 


[  178  ] 


jud] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[jus 


dence,  sense ;  determination, 
decision,  opinion,  notion,  con- 
clusion; judiciousness,  intel- 
lect; verdict,  sentence,  reward, 
condemnation. 

ANT.  Argument,  specula- 
tion, inquiry,  proposition,  in- 
vestigation, consideration,  evi- 
dence, pleading,  pronounce- 
ment; fickleness,  insagacity, 
impulsiveness. 

Judicial.  Just,  well-balanced,  de- 
liberative; juridical,  forensic. 

ANT.  Legislative,  executive, 
or  administrative;  impulsive. 

Judicious.  Discreet,  wise,  pru- 
dent, sagacious,  sensible,  rea- 
sonable, rational,  sober,  sound, 
staid,  politic,  enlightened,  well- 
considered,  well-chosen;  dis- 
cerning, thoughtful. 

ANT.  Silly,  imprudent,  in- 
discreet, ill-judged,  inexpedient, 
rash,  impolitic,  blind,  foolish. 

Juggle,  v.  Cheat,  conjure,  im- 
pose, trick,  practice  jugglery, 
deceive,  defraud ;  bamboozle, 
beguile,  swindle,  mystify,  mis- 
lead, overreach. 

ANT.  Expose,  enlighten,  un- 
deceive; detect,  reveal,  correct. 

Jumble,  n.  Confusion,  disorder, 
hodge-podge. 

ANT.  Order,  system,  neat- 
ness, arrangement. 

Jump,  v.  Leap,  skip,  bound,  hop, 
spring,  vault,  caper;  bounce, 
jolt,  overleap;  coincide,  agree, 
accord. 

ANT.  Walk,  pace,  prome- 
nade; dance. 

Junction.  Joining,  union,  com- 
bination, coalition,  connection, 
linking,  coupling;  joint,  junc- 
ture, angle;  fastening,  attach- 
ment; alliance,  confederacy. 

ANT.  Division,  separation, 
disconnection,  hiatus,  chasm, 
uncoupling,  disunion;  continu- 
ity. 


Jungle.  Thicket,  brake,  wilder- 
ness, labyrinth,  underbrush,  en- 
tanglement. 

ANT.  Open,  clearing;  order, 
arrangement,  system. 

Junior.  Younger ;  subordinate, 
less  advanced. 

ANT.  Senior,  elder,  older; 
more  advanced,  superior. 

Jurisdiction.  Right,  authority, 
sphere,  judicature,  legal  power; 
government,  control,  sway,  ad- 
ministration, magistracy. 

ANT.  Immunity,  exemption, 
freedom,  independence. 

Just.  Upright,  righteous,  hon- 
est, true,  conforming  to  justice ; 
exact,  normal,  reasonable,  due; 
equitable,  fair,  impartial,  right, 
rightful,  lawful ;  fair-minded, 
blameless,  honorable,  straight- 
forward, virtuous,  uncorrupt; 
accurate,  correct;  deserved,  fit, 
merited,  appropriate,  suitable, 
happy,  proper,  harmonious. 

ANT.  Evil,  untrue,  unjust, 
dishonest,  prejudiced,  unfair, 
unreasonable,  partial,  unlawful, 
unequitable;  blameworthy,  cor- 
rupt, dishonorable;  inaccurate, 
incorrect;  undeserved,  unfit,  in- 
appropriate, inharmonious. 

Justice.  Legality,  eqtiity,  recti- 
tude, fairness,  law,  lawfulness, 
right,  truth,  uprightness,  vir- 
tue, fair  play,  faithfulness,  im- 
partiality, integrity,  righteous- 
ness ;  reasonableness,  desert, 
propriety. 

ANT.  Injustice,  dishonesty, 
favoritism,  partiality,  wrong, 
unlawfulness,  unfairness,  un- 
reasonableness. 

Justification.  Vindication,  de- 
fense, exoneration,  exculpation ; 
absolution;  apology,  advocacy, 
plea,  maintenance. 

ANT.  Censure,  condemna- 
tion, conviction,  implication, 
crimination,  inculpation. 


[  179  ] 


jus] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[kin 


Justify.  Vindicate,  maintain, 
defend;  absolve,  clear,  exoner- 
ate; pardon,  exculpate;  adjust; 
excuse. 

ANT.    Condemn,  convict,  cen- 
sure, criminate. 

Justness.  Exactness,  propri- 
ety, correctness,  accuracy,  ex- 
actitude, strictness,  fidelity, 
nicety. 

ANT.    Incorrectness,  inexact- 
ness, slovenliness. 


Juvenile.  Young,  youthful,  pu- 
erile, childish,  boyish,  girlish, 
infantine,  immature,  adoles- 
cent. 

ANT.  Mature,  elderly,  aged, 
senile,  adult,  manly,  womanly, 
superannuated. 

Juxtaposition.  Nearness,  con- 
tiguity, adjacency,  proximity, 
contact. 

ANT.  Distance,  remoteness, 
separateness;  opposition. 


Keen.  Sharp;  acute;  bitter,  se- 
vere, piercing,  stinging;  eager, 
vehement,  fierce;  prompt,  ar- 
dent, cutting,  biting,  sarcastic, 
penetrating,  satirical,  shrewd; 
poignant,  acrimonious,  caustic; 
discerning,  quick,  astute. 

ANT.  Blunt,  dull,  languid, 
blind,  indifferent,  obtuse,  undis- 
cerning,  slow,  simple. 

Keep.  Retain,  hold,  reserve,  de- 
tain, preserve,  restrain,  with- 
hold, maintain,  support,  sus- 
tain, continue,  guard,  protect, 
adhere  to,  obey,  fulfil;  cele- 
brate, honor,  conduct,  commem- 
orate, solemnize;  haunt,  fre- 
quent; observe,  perform;  con- 
ceal, suppress;  hinder,  prevent, 
refrain. 

ANT.  Release,  speed,  liter- 
ate, send,  dismiss;  neglect,  be- 
tray, abandon,  discard;  disre- 
gard, disobey,  transgress,  for- 
sake, desert,  forget. 

Keeping.  Charge,  guardianship, 
custody,  care ;  holding,  preser- 
vation, restraint;  maintenance, 
support,  feed,  provision;  har- 
mony, consistency,  congruity, 
conformity,  agreement. 

ANT.  Neglect,  abuse,  disre- 
gard; abandonment,  destruc- 


tion; nonsupport,  betrayal;  dis- 
agreement, incongruity. 

Keepsake.  Souvenir,  token,  re» 
membra  ncer. 

Ken.  Sight,  view,  cognizance, 
knowledge,  survey,  range. 

ANT.  Ignorance,  oversight, 
inexperience,  inobservance. 

Kernel.  Seed,  grain;  nucleus; 
core,  gist. 

ANT.  Peeling,  meat,  shell, 
husk. 

Key.  Lock  opener;  clue,  guide, 
solution,  explanation;  keynote, 
tonic;  wedge,  clamp;  lever. 

ANT.  Mystification,  confu- 
sion, mystery,  secret,  problem. 

Kick.  Strike  or  thrust  at  with 
the  foot;  recoil;  resist,  rebel, 
spurn,  be  calcitrant. 

ANT.  Caress,  soothe,  flatter, 
obey. 

Kill.  Murder,  massacre,  as- 
sassinate, butcher,  execute,  des- 
patch, slay,  slaughter,  put  to 
death. 

ANT.  Resuscitate,  vivify,  re- 
animate, revivify,  quicken,  en- 
liven. 

Kin.  Family,  birth,  blood,  con- 
sanguinity, descent,  race,  rela- 
tionship, kind,  kindred,  affin- 
ity, alliance. 


[  180  ] 


kin] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[kno 


ANT.  Strangership,  inaffin- 
ity,  alienage,  foreignership. 

Kind,  n.  Race,  family,  species, 
breed,  class,  genus;  character, 
sort,  variety,  nature,  fashion, 
description,  denomination,  des- 
ignation. 

ANT.  Dissimilarity,  differen- 
tiation. 

Kind,  a.  Benign,  indulgent,  hu- 
mane, compassionate,  gentle, 
tender,  beneficent,  propitious, 
generous,  forbearing,  lenient, 
bounteous,  clement,  mild,  good, 
obliging,  bland,  friendly,  ami- 
cable, philanthropic,  charitable, 
sympathetic,  affectionate,  ten- 
der-hearted. 

ANT.  Harsh,  severe,  hard, 
cruel,  unkind,  rough,  stern,  for- 
bidding, austere,  crabbed,  il- 
liberal. 

Kindle.  Light,  ignite,  inflame, 
enkindle,  set  on  fire;  excite, 
arouse,  awaken,  stir  up,  stimu- 
late, incite,  animate,  foment; 
exasperate,  provoke,  enrage. 

ANT.  Quench,  suppress,  ex- 
tinguish, allay. 

Kindness,  Kindliness.  Benevo- 
lence, humanity,  charity,  sym- 

^  pathy,  compassion,  amiability, 
good  nature;  mildness,  gentle- 
ness, softness. 

ANT.  Harshness,  cruelty,  se- 
verity, sternness,  roughness,  au- 
sterity. 

Kindred,  n.  Relationship,  con- 
sanguinity, affinity;  relations, 
kin,  kith  and  kin,  relatives, 
kinsmen,  kinsfolk. 

ANT.  Disconnection,  unre- 
latedness;  strangers,  foreign- 
ers. 

Kindred,  a.  Related,  cognate, 
akin,  allied,  congenial;  respon- 
sive, sympathetic. 

ANT.  Unrelated,  uncongen- 
ial, unallied;  different,  unre- 
sponsive. 


Kingdom.  Empire,  monarchy, 
sovereignty,  domain,  dominion. 

Kingly.  Regal,  royal,  monar- 
chical, imperial,  august,  sov- 
ereign, noble,  splendid,  mag- 
nificent, imposing,  grand,  ma- 
jestic. 

ANT.  Plebeian,  humble,  pop- 
ular, commonplace,  simple,  vul- 
gar. 

Knack.  Toy,  plaything,  gim- 
crack;  dexterity,  skill,  adroit- 
ness, facility,  aptness,  aptitude, 
expertness,  quickness. 

ANT.  Clumsiness,  awkward- 
ness, ineptitude. 

Knave.  Villain,  rascal,  rogue, 
scoundrel,  cheat,  scamp,  mis- 
creant, swindler,  scapegrace. 

ANT.  Gentleman,  hero;  gull, 
dupe,  simpleton. 

Knavish.  Trickish,  cheating; 
mischievous,  roguish,  waggish; 
fraudulent,  villainous. 

ANT.  Honest,  upright,  hon- 
orable. 

Knot,  n.  Tie,  bond,  intricacy, 
connection;  entanglement,  com- 
plication; joint;  group,  band, 
clique,  gang,  crew. 

ANT.  Loosening,  unfasten- 
ing, unraveling,  dispersion;  so- 
lution, simplification;  evenness, 
smoothness;  individual. 

Knotty.  Knotted,  difficult,  in- 
tricate, perplexed,  tough,  hard, 
complicated. 

ANT.  Plain,  simple,  obvious, 
easy,  smooth,  uninvolved. 

Know.  Perceive,  apprehend,  un- 
derstand; be  convinced  or  as- 
sured; acquaint,  recognize;  dis- 
tinguish, comprehend. 

ANT.  Be  ignorant  or  illit- 
erate, overlook,  misunderstand, 
misconstrue. 

Knowing.  Intelligent,  skilful, 
competent,  well-informed,  pro- 
ficient, qualified,  experienced, 
accomplished;  conscious,  per- 


[  181  ] 


kno] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[lam. 


cipient,  thinking;  cunning,  ex- 
pressive, significant;  shrewd, 
astute,  discerning,  sagacious. 

ANT.  Simple,  innocent,  gul- 
lible, stolid,  silly;  dull,  stupid, 
inefficient;  unresponsive,  non- 
suggestible. 

Knowledge.  Learning,  wisdom, 
scholarship,  science,  compre- 
hension, cognition,  erudition, 
intelligence,  light,  lore,  percep- 


tion, recognition,  acquaintance, 
intuition,  experience,  informa- 
tion, apprehension,  notice,  un- 
derstanding, conversance,  cog- 
nizance, familiarity,  instruc- 
tion, enlightenment;  acquire- 
ments, attainments. 

ANT.  Ignorance,  illiteracy, 
unfamiliarity,  rudeness,  inex- 
perience, misapprehension,  r/n's- 
conception,  misunderstanding. 


Labor,  n.  Toil,  exertion,  work, 
effort,  task,  travail;  drudgery, 
industry,  painstaking;  burden, 
duties. 

ANT.  Ease,  indolence,  rest, 
respite,  recreation,  refreshment, 
vacation,  inactivity,  laziness. 

Labored.  Elaborate,  studied, 
highly  wrought,  overwrought, 
stiff,  heavy. 

ANT.    Easy,  natural,  simple. 

Laborer.      Workman,  operative, 
workingman,    hand,    employee, 
bread-winner. 
ANT.     Employer. 

Laborious.  Toilsome,  difficult, 
tiresome,  onerous,  wearisome, 
fatiguing,  arduous,  hard,  bur- 
densome, tedious,  irksome;  in- 
dustrious, diligent,  toiling,  as- 
siduous, hard-working,  pains- 
taking, sedulous,  indefatigable, 
active. 

ANT.  Easy,  light,  simple,  fac- 
ile, feasible;  lazy,  indolent,  in- 
diligent,  idle. 

Labyrinth.  Maze,  confusion,  in- 
tricacy, windings ;  perplexity, 
complexity,  bewilderment,  in- 
volutions ;  difficulty. 

ANT.  Simplicity,  calm,  per- 
spicacity;  insight,  understand- 
ing. 

Lack,  n.    Deficiency,  want,  need, 


destitution,  failure,  scantiness, 
dearth,  scarcity,  fault,  deficit, 
shortness,  insufficiency. 

ANT.  Plenty,  fulness,  abun- 
dance, supply,  sufficiency,  com- 
petence, satisfaction. 

Laconic,  Laconical.  Short,  epi- 
grammatic, brusk,  brief,  con- 
cise, pithy,  sententious,  terse, 
curt. 

ANT.  Wordy,  tedious,  pro- 
lix, diffuse,  prosy,  loquacious, 
garrulous. 

Laggard,  n.  Loiterer,  lingerer, 
sluggard,  saunterer,  dawdler, 
idler. 

Laical.  Laic,  lay,  unprofession- 
al; secular,  temporal;  civil, 
non-legal. 

ANT.  Clerical,  professional, 
theological,  sacred,  divine,  ec- 
clesiastic, ministerial,  priestly, 
canonical,  legal,  sacerdotal. 

Laity.     Laymen,  the  people. 

ANT.  Clergy,  professional 
people. 

Lame.  Hobbling,  crippled,  limp- 
ing; inefficient,  imperfect,  de- 
fective ;  weak,  feeble,  poor,  un- 
satisfactory, insufficient ;  halt, 
faltering,  impotent. 

ANT.  Robust,  strong,  potent, 
efficient,  cogent,  effective,  con- 
vincing, telling,  satisfactory. 


[  182  ] 


lam] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[lat 


Lament,  v.  Mourn,  bemoan,  be- 
wail, deplore,  sorrow  over,  re- 
gret, grieve. 

ANT.  Rejoice,  enjoy,  hail, 
welcome. 

Language.  Idiom,  speech,  dia- 
lect, tongue,  patois,  barbarism, 
diction,  expression,  vernacu- 
lar, vocabulary,  mother  tongue, 
phraseology,  discourse,  conver- 
sation, talk;  articulation,  ac- 
cents; style,  utterance,  voice. 

ANT.  Jargon,  gibberish,  cry, 
howl,  roar;  speechlcssness,  in- 
articulateness, muteness,  dumb- 
ness. 

Languid.  Drooping,  indisposed, 
inanimate,  feeble,  weak,  faint, 
sickly,  pining,  weary,  listless, 
heavy,  dull,  exhausted,  heart- 
less ;  enervated,  flagging,  spirit- 
less, unnerved,  unbraced. 

ANT.  Strong,  vigorous,  ro- 
bust, active,  braced,  healthy,  en- 
ergetic, animated,  alert. 

Languish.  To  be  languid,  pine, 
droop,  sink,  faint,  decline. 

ANT.  Luxuriate,  thrive,  pros- 
per, flourish,  bloom. 

Languor.  Feebleness,  weakness, 
faintness,  weariness,  lassitude, 
listlessness,  heaviness,  dul- 
ness. 

ANT.  Strength,  vigor,  energy, 
freshness,  lithesomencss. 

Lank.  Slender,  thin,  shrunken, 
lean,  loose,  slim,  long,  lax. 

ANT.  Plump,  fat,  chubby, 
short,  full,  rounded. 

Lapse,  n.  Slipping,  falling,  slip, 
fault;  termination,  failure;  es- 
cheatment,  flow,  flux,  progress, 
reversion,  elapsing;  apostasy. 
ANT.  Stability,  fixedness,  re- 
tention, fixture,  stoppage,  up- 
rightness; inheritance,  posses- 
sion. 

Large.  Colossal,  ample,  broad, 
bulky,  extensive,  vast,  massive, 
spacious,  wide,  commodious, 


enormous,  coarse,  grand,  long, 
gigantic,  immense,  huge,  great, 
big,  capacious,  considerable, 
abundant;  diffuse,  comprehen- 
sive, profuse,  plentiful,  popu- 
lous, copious,  liberal;  enlight- 
ened, catholic. 

ANT.  Circumscribed,  illib- 
eral, contracted,  niggardly,  sor- 
did, bigoted;  small,  little,  mi- 
croscopic, mean,  minute,  tiny, 
slender,  trifling,  trivial,  dimin- 
utive, inconsiderable,  slight,  in- 
finitesimal, limited,  short,  insig- 
nificant, scanty,  petty,  narrow, 
paltry. 

Lash,  v.  Strike,  whip,  scourge, 
flog,  beat,  tie,  fasten;  censure, 
satirize,  castigate. 

ANT.  Soothe,  smooth,  ca- 
ress; eulogize,  compliment,  ex- 
tol. 

Lassitude.  Languor,  weariness, 
weakness,  debility,  inertia. 

ANT.  Energy,  strength,  ro- 
bustness,  vigor,  freshness. 

Last,  v.  Continue,  endure,  per- 
sist, remain,  hold,  abide,  live. 

ANT.  End,  stop,  terminate, 
depart,  fade,  cease,  fail,  die. 

Last,  a.  Final,  hindmost,  far- 
thest; next,  past;  highest  or 
lowest,  supreme,  utmost;  most 
unlikely,  least  fit;  latest,  final, 
concluding,  ultimate. 

ANT.  First,  foremost,  open- 
ing, introductory,  initiatory; 
ensuing,  next,  nearest. 

Lasting.  Durable,  permanent, 
unending,  enduring,  abiding, 
perpetual. 

ANT.  Temporary,  transient, 
ephemeral,  momentary,  occa- 
sional, periodic,  recurrent. 

Late.  Slow,  tardy;  deceased,  de- 
parted; far  advanced;  recent; 
not  long  past;  delayed. 

ANT.  Early,  coming,  pres- 
ent, future,  forthcoming,  exist- 
ing. 


[  183  ] 


lat] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[lea 


Lately.  Recently,  of  late,  not 
far  past,  but  just. 

ANT.      Formerly,    remotely, 
distantly  in  past  or  future. 

Latent.  Hidden,  secret,  invis- 
ible, dormant,  unobserved,  con- 
cealed, inapparent,  potential, 
implicit,  undeveloped,  inherent. 
ANT.  Visible,  explicit,  ap- 
parent, exposed,  developed,  ac- 
tive, conspicuous,  manifest. 

Lateral.  At  the  side,  oblique; 
indirect,  secondary,  resultant, 
parallel,  incidental. 

ANT.  Direct,  primary,  im- 
mediate, lineal. 

Latter.  Later,  modern,  more  re- 
cent; last,  final. 

ANT.  Former,  previous,  an- 
oient;  penultimate. 

Laudable.  Praiseworthy,  com- 
mendable. 

ANT.  Blameworthy,  exe- 
crable. 

Laughter.  Laughing,  mirth, 
merriment,  glee;  derision,  ridi- 
cule, contempt. 

ANT.  Weeping,  tears,  sor- 
row, mourning,  lamentation; 
respect,  veneration,  admira- 
tion. 

Launch,  v.  Hurl,  throw,  let  fly; 
set  afloat ;  start,  propel,  move ; 
expatiate,  enlarge. 

ANT.  Recall,  repress,  retain; 
ignore,  avoid,  shun. 

Lavish,    a.      Profuse,    prodigal ; 
superabundant,    excessive,    ex- 
travagant, bountiful,  wasteful. 
ANT.      Sparing,    economical, 
close,  niggardly,   chary. 

Law.  Code,  canon,  edict,  decree, 
order,  mandate,  legislation,  or- 
dinance, rule,  regulation,  ju- 
risprudence, enactment,  com- 
mand, commandment,  economy, 
formula,  polity,  principle,  stat- 
ute; mode,  method,  sequence, 
adjudication,  jurisdiction. 
ANT.  Misrule,  anarchy,  dis- 


order, insubordination,  rebel- 
lion; caprice,  chance,  irregu- 
larity, accident,  casualty. 

Lawful.  Conformable  to  law, 
legitimate,  competent,  consti- 
tuted, authorized;  legal,  con- 
stitutional, rightful,  regular ; 
permissible,  orderly,  right,  al- 
lowable, fair. 

ANT.  Illegal,  impermissible, 
unlawful,  wrong. 

Lawless.  Contrary  to  law,  ille- 
gal ;  unrestrained,  unregulated ; 
wild,  rebellious,  savage,  disor- 
derly. 

ANT.  Peaceful,  law-abiding, 
loyal,  civilized,  honest,  tract- 
able, well-disposed. 

Lawyer.       Counselor,    attorney, 
counsel,  advocate. 
ANT.    Client. 

Lax.  Slack,  vague,  unconfined; 
dissolute,  licentious ;  incoher- 
ent; unprincipled,  loose,  re- 
miss, flabby. 

ANT.  Concise,  strict,  rigid, 
coherent,  compact;  conscien- 
tious, principled. 

Lay.  Put,  place,  establish,  de- 
posit, arrange,  spread,  dispose, 
set  down;  allay,  prostrate. 

ANT.  Raise,  erect,  lift  up; 
excite,  disorder,  disarrange. 

Lazy.  Shirking,  idle,  inactive, 
slothful,  slow,  sluggish. 

ANT.  Industrious,  energetic, 
active,  assiduous. 

Lead,  n.  Guidance,  direction,  in- 
itiative, control ;  precedence, 
priority,  preeminence. 

ANT.  Following,  submission, 
subordination;  inferiority. 

Lead,  v.  Guide,  conduct,  direct, 
counsel;  precede,  draw,  induce, 
entice,  allure;  convoy;  com- 
mence, inaugurate ;  persuade, 
influence. 

ANT.  Follow;  dissuade,  mis- 
lead, misguide;  leave,  aban- 
don. 


[  184  ] 


lea] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[lei 


Leader.      Guide,  conductor;   di- 
rector, chief,  head. 
ANT.     Follower,  disciple. 

League.  Alliance,  compact,  co- 
alition, confederacy,  confedera- 
tion, bond,  combination,  union. 
ANT.  Neutrality;  divorce, 
disruption,  disunion,  secession, 
disconnection,  alienation,  dis- 
solution. 

Lean,  v.  Incline,  deviate,  bend, 
rest,  rely  on;  conform;  tend, 
depend,  hang;  slope;  repose, 
confide. 

ANT.  Support,  raise,  erect, 
stabilitate,  rise,  straighten. 

Lean,  a.  Slender,  spare,  meager, 
thin,  lank,  gaunt,  skinny,  bare, 
scant,  barren,  mean;  shriveled, 
emaciated,  bony,  scraggy. 

ANT.  Fat,  plump,  brawny, 
well-conditioned,  obese,  stout. 

Leaning.  Tendency,  proclivity, 
propensity,  bias,  liking,  parti- 
ality, inclination. 

ANT.  Loathing,  aversion,  re- 
pugnance, avoidance,  dislike. 

Leap,  v.  Jump,  vault,  spring, 
bound,  hop,  bounce. 

ANT.    Walk,  dive,  swim,  run. 

Learn.  Acquire,  imbibe,  attain, 
collect,  know,  gather,  under- 
stand, study. 

ANT.  Forget,  lose;  teach, 
instruct. 

Learned.  Erudite,  versed,  well- 
informed,  scholarly,  skilled,  lit- 
erary, conversant,  read. 

ANT.  Ignorant,  unlearned, 
illiterate,  unscholarly. 

Learner.  Pupil,  scholar,  stu- 
dent, disciple,  novice. 

ANT.  Teacher,  professor, 
authority,  adept,  master,  doc- 
tor. 

Learning.  Knowledge,  erudi- 
tion, skill,  literature,  science, 
lore,  letters,  education,  culture, 
tuition,  acquirements,  attain- 
ments, scholarship. 


ANT.  Ignorance,  illiteracy, 
boorishness,  stupidity;  inspira- 
tion, revelation. 

Least.  Smallest,  shortest,  low- 
est, most  unimportant,  mean- 
est, last. 

ANT.  Greatest,  longest,  no- 
blest, highest,  most  important, 
first,  principal,  main,  leading, 
preeminent. 

Leave,  v.  Quit,  abandon,  give 
up,  forego,  resign,  surrender, 
forbear;  cease,  stop,  desist;  de- 
part, go  from;  bequeath. 

ANT.  Persist,  stay,  hold,  re- 
tain; continue;  arrive. 

Legal.  Authorized,  legitimate, 
constitutional,  licit,  lawful,  al- 
lowable. 

ANT.  Illegal,  unlawful,  un- 
constitutional, lay,  illegitif 
mate. 

Legend.  Chronicle ;  myth,  fable ; 
inscription,  motto ;  hearsay, 
fiction. 

ANT.  Fact,  history,  trut\, 
verity. 

Legible.  Distinct,  plain,  appar- 
ent, discernible,  clear,  manifest, 
decipherable,  well-written. 

ANT.  Illegible,  cryptograph- 
ic, cabalistic,  undecipherable, 
obscure. 

Legitimate.  Lawful,  valid;  au- 
thorized, real,  genuine,  licit,  al- 
lowable, normal,  standard. 

ANT.  Illegitimate,  unallow- 
able, unfair,  unauthorized,  il- 
licit, false. 

Leisure.  Freedom,  ease,  vaca- 
tion, convenience;  opportunity, 
retirement,  spare  time. 

ANT.  Occupation,  employ- 
ment, absorption,  work,  labor, 
constraint,  engagement,  busi- 
ness, toil. 

Leisurely.  Deliberate,  conveni- 
ent, easy,  sauntering. 

ANT.  Hurried,  hasty,  diffi- 
cult, speedy,  industrious,  <u»id- 


185  ] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[lib 


uous,  eager,  precipitate,  expe- 
ditious. 

Lend.  Let,  afford,  furnish,  loan, 
advance,  grant. 

A_NT.  Refuse,  withhold,  re- 
tain, appropriate,  withdraw; 
recall. 

Lengthen.  Elongate,  stretch, 
extend,  prolong. 

ANT.  Shorten,  contract,  con- 
fine, narrow. 

Lengthy.  Long,  drawn  out,  te- 
dious, verbose,  diffuse,  prolix. 

ANT.  Concise,  comprehen- 
sive, laconic,  short,  brief,  con- 
densed, succinct,  compact. 

Lenient.  Merciful,  mild,  relax- 
ing, assuasive,  softening,  com- 
passionate. 

ANT.  Harsh,  cruel,  hard,  se- 
vere, stern. 

Lessen.  Diminish,  reduce,  de- 
crease, abate,  lower,  impair,  de- 
grade, weaken. 

ANT.  Increase,  enlarge,  ex- 
tend, develop,  heighten,  multi- 
ply, strengthen,  spread,  en- 
hance. 

Lesson.  Instruction,  precept, 
doctrine,  study;  reproof,  warn- 
ing, rebuke,  lecture,  homily. 

ANT.  Misguidance,  misin- 
formaton,  deception. 

Let.  Permit,  allow,  suffer;  rent, 
lease,  hire  out;  assign,  grant, 
give,  contract. 

ANT.  Prevent,  hinder,  check, 
thioart;  refuse,  deny,  withhold, 
withdraw. 

Lethal.  Fatal,  deadly,  mortal, 
poisonous,  venomous,  baneful, 
noxious. 

ANT.  Remedial,  wholesome, 
salutary,  vital,  invigorating, 
restorative. 

Lethargy.  Drowsiness,  torpor, 
swoon,  trance,  stupor,  oblivion ; 
indifference. 

ANT.  Alertness,  liveliness, 
vigilance,  wakefulness,  life,  ac- 


tivity, quickness;  eagerness,  at- 
tention, interest. 

Letter.  Epistle;  mark,  charac- 
ter; note,  communication,  mes- 
sage, missive;  (pi.)  erudition, 
learning. 

Level,  n.  Plane;  surface,  floor; 
rank,  standard,  degree,  posi- 
tion ;  ground ;  horizontality, 
equality,  platform. 

ANT.  Unevenness,  acclivity, 
inequality,  vertically,  decliv- 
ity. 

Level,  v.  Smooth,  flatten,  even; 
overthrow;  aim,  direct;  plane, 
raze,  equalize. 

ANT.  Roughen,  furrow,  grad- 
uate, grade. 

Level,  a.  Flat,  horizontal,  even, 
plane,  smooth. 

ANT.  Rough,  uneven,  broken, 
rolling,  undulating,  hilly. 

Levity.  Inconstancy,  unsteadi- 
ness, thoughtlessness,  frivolity, 
fickleness;  flightiness,  volatil- 
ity. 

ANT.  Gravity,  earnestness, 
seriousness,  sobriety,  dignity, 
importance. 

Levy,  v.  Raise,  collect,  assess, 
seize,  exact;  attack;  tax,  im- 
pose, muster. 

ANT.  Pay,  forego,  surrender, 
reimburse,  repay,  liquidate. 

Liable.  Accountable,  bound,  re- 
sponsible, answerable,  subject, 
exposed,  obnoxious;  amenable. 

ANT.  Irresponsible,  refrac- 
tory, independent,  autocratic. 

Libel,  n.  Lampoon,  satire,  def- 
amation, detraction,  slander, 
calumny,  traducement. 

ANT.  Retraction,  vindica- 
tion, apology;  puff,  praise,  en- 
comium, advocacy,  panegyric. 

Liberal.      Generous,  munificent, 
beneficent,  large,  free,  catholic, 
unselfish,    unrestrained,    toler- 
ant;  ample,  profuse. 
ANT.  Mean,  grasping,  greedy, 


[  186  ] 


lib] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[lig 


niggardly,  avaricious;  narrow- 
minded,  bigoted,  prejudiced,  in- 
adequate, contracted,  scanty. 

Liberate.  Deliver,  set  free,  dis- 
engage, release. 

ANT.  Confine,  imprison,  ar- 
rest; sentence,  doom,  condemn. 

Libertine.    Rake,  debauchee,  dis- 
solute person,  profligate. 
ANT.     Ascetic,   anchorite. 

Liberty.  Emancipation,  choice, 
freedom,  license,  independence, 
leave,  permission,  exemption; 
privilege,  franchise,  immunity. 
ANT.  Slavery,  captivity,  serv- 
itude, serfdom,  compulsion,  ne- 
cessity, constraint,  imprison- 
ment, oppression,  thraldom,  su- 
perstition, obligation. 

Aiicen.se,  n.  Permission,  leave, 
privilege,  right,  warrant;  lax- 
ity, disorder,  anarchy,  lawless- 
ness. 

ANT.  Obligation,  constraint, 
compulsion,  submission,  neces- 
sity, restraint,  restriction,  mod- 
eration, temperance. 

License,  v.  Permit,  authorize, 
let. 

ANT.  Prohibit,  restrain,  for- 
bid, constrain,  inhibit,  interdict, 
withhold,  withdraw;  annul,  dis- 
allow. 

Licentious.  Excessive,  abusive; 
unrestrained,  uncurbed,  unruly, 
lawless,  immoral,  lewd,  riotous, 
ungovernable,  wanton,  lax,  dis- 
solute, profligate,  loose,  sensual, 
impure,  unchaste,  lascivious. 

ANT.  Temperate,  strict,  mod- 
erate, controlled,  self-controlled, 
ascetic,  austere,  sober,  self-de- 
nying, puritanic,  renuncia- 
tory. 

Licit.     Lawful,  legal. 

ANT.  Illegal,  illicit,  unlaw- 
ful, unlicensed,  unauthorized, 
illegitimate,  improper,  forbid- 
den. 

Lie,  n.     Untruth,  fiction,  fable, 


deception,    falsehood,    falsifica- 
tion; delusion,  illusion. 

ANT.  Truth,  verity,  reality, 
fact;  veracity,  exactness,  pre- 
cision, principle,  honesty,  sin- 
cerity. 

Lie,  v.  Utter  a  lie;  rest,  recline, 
be  situated;  abide,  remain,  con- 
tinue; exist,  belong,  consist; 
lodge,  sleep. 

ANT.  Rise,  stir,  move,  walk, 
Z>e  active,  go,  change,  run. 

Life.  Being,  soul,  spirit;  af- 
fairs; animation,  vivacity,  en- 
ergy»  vig°ri  living  being;  bi- 
ography. 

ANT.  Death,  mortality,  de- 
cease, lifelessness,  annihilation, 
nonexistence  ;  lethargy,  coma, 
stupor;  demise,  departure,  dis- 
solution. 

Lift,  v.  Raise,  elevate;  exalt, 
improve;  steal. 

ANT.  Lower,  sink,  depress, 
let  descend;  reduce,  degrade, 
humble;  crush,  overwhelm; 
hurl,  dash,  fling,  throw. 

Ligament.  Bandage,  bond,  con- 
nection, ligature,  strap,  girth, 
band,  brace,  tie ;  tying,  bind- 
ing. 

ANT.  Fracture,  disconnection, 
dislocation,  disruption,  sever- 
ance, laceration,  splinter,  rup- 
ture, break. 

Light,  n.  Gleam,  shine,  glitter, 
flame,  blaze,  illumination,  in- 
candescence, glow,  flash,  flare, 
sparkle,  twinkle,  flicker,  glare, 
glimmer,  glistening,  sheen,  lus- 
ter, shimmer,  shining,  scintil- 
lation, day;  open  view,  public- 
ity; enlightenment,  knowledge, 
information ;  prosperity,  joy, 
happiness,  felicity. 

ANT.  Dark,  gloom,  dark- 
ness, dimness,  blackness,  dusk, 
shade,  shadow,  gloominess,  ob- 
scurity; extinction,  night,  tene- 
broaity,  death;  confusion,  mya+ 


[  187  ] 


lig] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[lin 


tification,  ignorance,  misunder- 
standing, illiteracy,  blindness, 
nescience. 

Light,  a.  Bright,  clear,  white; 
umveighty,  imponderable,  port- 
able, easy,  volatile,  insubstan- 
tial, buoyant;  small,  trifling, 
inconsiderable,  moderate,  insig- 
nificant; porous,  spongy;  un- 
steady, fickle,  frivolous,  un- 
settled; empty,  slight,  vain,  ca- 
pricious, thoughtless. 

ANT.  Weighty,  ponderous, 
oppressive,  grievous,  burden- 
some; onerous,  difficult,  labori- 
ous, hard;  dejected,  depressed, 
despondent;  dull,  inert,  inac- 
tive. 

Like,  v.  Be  pleased  with,  ap- 
prove, enjoy,  love,  relish,  es- 
teem, fancy,  affect. 

ANT.  Dislike,  hate,  loathe, 
detest,  abhor,  abominate. 

Like,  a.  Resembling,  similar; 
equal;  probable,  likely;  dis- 
posed to,  inclined  toward;  cor- 
respondent. 

ANT.  Different,  dissimilar, 
counterpart;  improbable,  un- 
likely; disinclined,  indisposed. 

Likelihood.  Probability,  sem- 
blance, appearance,  verisimili- 
tude. 

ANT.  Improbability,  incon- 
ceivability, impossibility,  un- 
likelihood; distinction,  differ- 
ence, uncertainty,  contrariety; 
inconsistency. 

Likely.  Probable,  presumable, 
reasonable,  apt,  credible,  con- 
ceivable, conjectural. 

ANT.  Unlikely,  doubtful,  in- 
credible, dubious,  improbable, 
questionable,  unreasonable. 

Likeness.  Resemblance,  simi- 
larity; guise;  portrait,  simili- 
tude, correspondence,  copy,  im- 
itation, image,  representation, 
•ffigy,  picture. 

ANT.     Unlikeness,  disparity, 


dissimilarity,  inequality; 
inal. 

Likewise.  Also,  moreover,  too, 
besides. 

ANT.     Otherwise. 

Liking.  Inclination,  pleasure, 
desire,  preference,  approval,  af- 
fection, fondness,  taste,  parti- 
ality. 

ANT.  Dislike,  disrelish,  ab- 
horrence, hatred,  loathing,  re- 
pugnance, aversion. 

Limit.  Boundary,  termination, 
restriction,  confine,  enclosure, 
border. 

ANT.  Expanse,  space,  inte- 
rior, center,  tract,  land;  void. 

Limitless.  Boundless,  illimi- 
table, immeasurable,  vast,  im- 
mense, infinite,  interminable, 
unrestricted,  unhindered,  tun- 
obstructed. 

ANT.  Bounded,  limited,  re- 
stricted, circumscribed,  defined, 
restrained,  hindered,  prevented, 
hampered,  obstructed,  condi- 
tioned. 

Limpid.  Clear,  transparent,  lu- 
cid, pellucid,  pure,  translucent, 
bright,  crystal. 

ANT.  Turbid,  foul,  muddy, 
opaque,  dark,  black. 

Line,  n.  Thread,  cord,  hawser, 
rope;  boundary,  contour,  out- 
line; family,  race;  track,  rail- 
road, course,  method;  continu- 
ity, sequence,  succession. 

ANT.  Breadth,  icidth;  ex- 
panse, space,  deviation,  diver- 
gency, variation;  discontinu- 
ance. 

Lineage.  Ancestry,  family,  de- 
scendants, house,  breed,  race, 
descent,  progeny. 

ANT.  Ancestor,  source,  an- 
cestry, origin,  founder,  progen- 
itor. 

Lineament.  Profile,  form,  fea- 
ture, mark,  outline. 

ANT.     Face,  aspect,  counte- 


t  188  ] 


lin] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


[liv 


nance,    visage,    front,    expres- 
sion. 

Linear.  Direct,  straight,  recti- 
linear, lineal. 

ANT.  Zigzag,  wandering,  di- 
vergent, crooked,  hooked,  in- 
curvate. 

Linger.  Lag,  saunter,  tarry,  de- 
lay, halt,  stop,  hesitate,  wait, 
pause. 

ANT.  Hasten,  speed,  push 
on,  go,  press  forward,  advance, 
progress. 

Liquid,  a.  Fluid,  flowing,  flu- 
ent, running,  melting,  liques- 
cent; mellifluous,  soft,  limpid, 
clear. 

ANT.  Solid,  hard,  congealed, 
insoluble,  solidified,  concrete; 
harsh,  discordant. 

List.  Roll,  catalogue,  schedule, 
inventory,  record,  register,  in- 
dex. 

ANT.      Non-registration. 

Listen.  Harken,  hear,  attend, 
hark,  heed,  list. 

ANT.  Ignore,  scorn,  neglect, 
slight,  be  deaf  to. 

Listless.  Indifferent,  spiritless, 
heedless,  careless,  languid,  un- 
interested ;  indolent,  vacant,  su- 
pine, torpid. 

ANT.  Interested,  eager,  ear- 
nest, spirited,  careful,  heedful, 
thoughtful,  alert,  attentive,  ab- 
sorbed, curious,  engaged,  ac- 
tive. 

Literal.  Unimaginative,  matter- 
of-fact;  real;  accurate,  correct, 
exact,  grammatical,  positive, 
verbal,  close,  plain,  actual; 
word  by  word,  specific. 

ANT.  General,  free,  liberal, 
metaphorical. 

Literary.  Learned,  bookish,  lit- 
erate, lettered,  erudite,  schol- 
arly, well-read,  studious,  in- 
structed, educated. 

ANT.  Illiterate,  unlettered, 
unscholarly. 


Literature.  Books,  literary  pro- 
ductions or  works,  publications, 
writings,  belles-lettres;  study, 
lore,  reading,  scholarship,  at- 
tainment ;  inspiration,  genius, 
intuition,  the  divine  afflatus; 
science,  learning,  letters,  eru- 
dition. 

Lithe.  Pliant,  flexible,  limber, 
supple,  elastic,  agile,  flexile. 

ANT.  Stiff,  tough,  inelastic, 
inflexible,  unresponsive,  hard, 
resistant. 

Litter.  Clutter,  disorder,  unti- 
diness, rubbish. 

ANT.  Order,  cleanliness,  ar- 
rangement, tidiness,  system, 
method. 

Little.  Small,  diminutive;  insig- 
nificant, contemptible;  short, 
brief;  inefficient,  weak,  slight; 
narrow,  mean,  illiberal ;  pigmy, 
scanty,  unimportant,  inconsid- 
erable, trivial,  petty,  paltry, 
dwarf,  puny. 

ANT.  Great,  big,  large,  huge, 
monstrous,  enormous,  long,  de- 
veloped, bulky,  full;  important, 
momentous,  grave,  serious,  con- 
siderable, significant;  colossal. 

Live,  v.  Have  life;  abide,  dwell, 
reside;  survive,  remain,  last; 
enjoy;  feed,  subsist;  vegetate, 
grow,  continue,  behave,  act,  ex- 
ist, breathe. 

ANT.  Die,  perish,  depart, 
decay,  wither,  fade,  vanish,  fail, 
demise,  drop,  languish,  expire, 
decline,  faint,  sink,  fall. 

Live,  a.  Alive,  living,  active, 
vigorous,  earnest,  energetic,  an- 
imate. 

ANT.  Defunct,  inanimate, 
dead,  moribund,  deceased,  de- 
parted, gone. 

Livelihood.  Support,  mainte- 
nance, sustenance,  subsistence; 
substance,  living. 

ANT.  Beggary,  want,  starva- 
tion, penury,  inanition. 


[  189  ] 


liv] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[loa 


Liveliness.  Sprightliness,  ani- 
mation, gaiety,  vivacity,  smart- 
ness, briskness,  activity. 

ANT.  Sloicness,  torpor,  stu- 
pidity, dulness,  insensibility, 
listlessness,  languor,  inertness. 

Lively.  Quick,  nimble,  smart, 
active,  alert,  sprightly,  brisk, 
animated,  prompt,  earnest,  en- 
ergetic, strong,  vivacious,  glee- 
ful, blithe,  airy,  gay,  jocund, 
keen,  eager,  vivid,  spirited,  vig- 
orous. 

ANT.  Lifeless,  dull,  torpid, 
inanimate,  inert,  insensate,  list- 
less, languid,  indifferent. 

Livery.  Release,  deliverance ; 
clothing,  food,  uniform,  pecu- 
liar garb;  ration,  boarding ;  de- 
pendence, servitude,  badge,  ret- 
inue. 

Living,  n.  Subsistence,  estate, 
existence. 

ANT.  Want,  starvation,  pri- 
vation, beggary,  dearth,  insuffi- 
ciency, paucity,  poverty,  indi- 
gence. 

Living,  a.  Active,  lively,  vigor- 
ous; issuing,  flowing;  quicken- 
ing, invigorating;  burning,  ig- 
nited; vegetating,  growing. 

ANT.  Dead,  perishable,  de- 
caying, perishing,  departed,  in- 
animate, vanishing,  deceased, 
defunct,  withered. 

Load.  Burden,  charge,  weight, 
pack,  lading,  incubus,  clog,  en- 
cumbrance, cargo,  freight,  drag, 
oppression,  pressure. 

ANT.  Support,  solace,  alle- 
viation, lightness,  refreshment, 
emptiness. 

Loan,  n.  Advance,  mortgage,  hy- 
pothecation. 

ANT.  Foreclosure,  recall,  re- 
sumption. 

Loath,  o.  Averse,  unwilling,  re- 
luctant; backward,  indisposed, 
disinclined. 

ANT.    Eager,  ardent,  zealous, 


enthusiastic,  ananous,  desirous, 
impatient,  impetuous,  earnest, 
forward,  fervent. 

Loathe,  v.  Abominate,  execrate, 
abhor,  dislike,  detest,  hate. 

ANT.  Desire,  like,  long  for, 
love. 

Locality.  Position,  location; 
town,  village,  city;  situation, 
place,  habitat. 

Locate.  Place,  set;  designate, 
define;  establish,  settle,  lodge, 
fix,  dispose. 

ANT.  Remove,  leave,  dises- 
tablish, dislodge,  displace. 

Lock,  n.  Clasp,  catch,  bar,  bolt, 
fastening,  hasp,  hook,  latch. 

Locomotion.  Movement,  travel, 
passage,  migration. 

ANT.  Rest,  abode,  stoppage, 
remanence,  fixture,  stationari- 
ness,  permanence. 

Lodge,  v.  Rest,  remain,  shelter, 
stay,  abide,  stop. 

ANT.  Remove,  travel,  pass 
on,  go,  move,  journey. 

Lofty.  Tall,  sublime,  exalted, 
dignified,  stately,  majestic,  sub- 
lime, proud,  haughty,  elevated, 
towering,  high,  eminent. 

ANT.  Low,  stunted,  ordi- 
nary, unimposing,  unassuming, 
undignified,  depressed. 

Logical.  Dialectical,  reasonable, 
coherent,  consistent,  sound,  ar- 
gumentative, close,  discriminat- 
ing. 

ANT.  Illogical,  unsound,  in- 
consistent, unreasonable,  inco- 
herent, undiscriminating,  falla- 
cious, inconclusive. 

Lonely,  Lonesome.  Forlorn,  for- 
saken, dreary,  wild,  desolate, 
secluded,  solitary,  depressed, 
alone,  retired. 

ANT.  Frequented,  populous, 
companioned;  cheerful,  festive, 
gay,  bustling,  animated. 

Long-,  a.  Drawn  out,  protracted, 
extended;  continued;  linger- 


[  190  ] 


loo] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[low 


ing;  distant,  far  away;  exten- 
sive, far-reaching. 

ANT.  Short,  brief,  curtailed, 
contracted,  abbreviated,  con- 
densed, concise. 

Look,  n.  Appearance,  aspect; 
manner;  glance,  sight,  view. 

Look,  v.  Behold,  see,  stare,  scan, 
contemplate,  view,  glance,  de- 
scry, watch,  discern,  gaze,  re- 
gard,.inspect,  survey;  consider; 
seem,  appear;  face,  front,  take 
notice;  expect,  anticipate. 

ANT.  Be  blind  or  unseeing; 
overlook,  miss,  pass,  neglect. 

Loose,  a.  Unbound,  untied,  free, 
unattached,  unfastened,  un- 
constrained ;  vague ;  liberal,  un- 
chaste, dissolute;  unconnected, 
rambling;  lax;  detached,  flow- 
ing, scattered,  sparse;  inexact. 
ANT.  Tight,  close;  bound, 
tied,  fastened,  secured;  thick, 
compact,  dense;  accurate,  exact, 
strict,  logical,  scientific;  consci- 
entious, self-controlled,  firm, 
rigorous. 

Loquacity.  Garrulity,  talkative- 
ness. 

ANT.  Taciturnity,  silence, 
u  n  responsiv  cncss. 

Lordly.  Imperious,  noble,  honor- 
able ;  proud,  haughty,  lofty,  ma- 
jestic, magnificent. 

ANT.  Humble,  mean,  servile, 
ignoble,  lowly,  meek,  dishonor- 
able, abject. 

Lordship,  n.  Manor;  dominion, 
power,  authority;  rule,  juris- 
diction. 

ANT.  Subjection,  subordina- 
tion, homage,  submission,  sub- 
servience. 

Lore.  Knowledge ;  instruction, 
wisdom,  advice,  counsel. 

ANT.  Ignorance,  illiteracy, 
inexperience,  folly,  imprudence. 

Lose.  Part  with,  deprive  of ;  de- 
stroy, waste,  squander,  wander, 
miss,  ruin ;  fail  of. 


ANT.  Keep,  retain,  hold,  ob- 
tain, grasp,  recover,  preserve, 
treasure,  hoard,  save,  husband, 
economize,  guard,  utilize. 

Loss.  Failure,  destruction,  pri- 
vation; defect,  harm;  watte; 
squandering,  deprivation,  for- 
feiture ;  detriment,  ruin,  defeat, 
injury,  damage,  disadvantage. 
ANT.  Restoration,  recovery, 
reimbursement,  retention,  pres- 
ervation, hoarding,  guarding; 
utilization;  gain,  aggrandize- 
ment, augmentation,  advantage, 
acquisition,  profit,  benefit,  in- 
crement, earnings. 

Lot.  Chance,  accident,  fate,  for- 
tune, hazard;  destiny,  doom, 
allotment,  apportionment;  por- 
tion, division,  part,  parcel,  land. 
ANT.  Law,  arrangement,  de- 
sign, purpose,  plan,  prearrange- 
ment. 

Loud.  Noisy;  clamorous,  boister- 
ous, vociferous ;  obstreperous, 
turbulent,  blustering;  ostenta- 
tious, gaudy. 

ANT.  Gentle,  subdued,  soft, 
quiet,  silent,  inaudible;  whis- 
pering, murmuring;  rustling. 

Love,  n.  Friendship,  liking,  ten- 
derness, regard,  fondness,  devo- 
tion, affection,  attachment,  at- 
traction, charity,  courtship ; 
good  will ;  kindness,  delight,  in- 
clination ;  benevolence. 

ANT.  Antipathy,  hatred,  en- 
mity; alienation,  dislike,  dis- 
affection, estrangement,  bitter- 
ness, coldness,  repugnance,  infi- 
delity; desertion. 

Lovely.  Beautiful,  charming,  de- 
lightful, delectable,  enchanting, 
lovable,  amiable ;  pleasing,  win- 
ning, sweet,  admirable. 

ANT.  Hateful,  hideous,  ugly, 
homely,  unattractive,  unlovely, 
plain,  gawky,  unamiable,  unlov- 
able. 

Low.     Sunken ;  quiet ;  small ;  sub- 


[  191   ] 


low] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


missive,  humble;  mean,  vulgar, 
base,  ignoble,  dishonorable ; 
moderate;  feeble,  weak;  plain, 
simple;  reasonable,  cheap,  ab- 
ject, servile,  slavish,  degraded, 
vile,  groveling;  deep;  reverent; 
dejected,  depressed,  dispirited. 
ANT.  High,  tall,  lofty,  ele- 
vated, exalted;  eminent,  noble, 
illustrious,  rising,  strong,  in- 
fluential; honorable;  elabo- 
rate, ornate;  notable;  costly, 
expensive,  precious,  dear;  arro- 
gant, haughty,  proud,  masterly, 
lordly;  high,  loud,  violent;  ir- 
reverent, sacrilegious,  blatant; 
elated,  excited;  intensified. 

Xower,  v.  Depress,  sink,  reduce, 
diminish,  humble;  let  down, 
drop;  degrade,  disgrace,  de- 

—  base;  lessen. 

ANT.  Raise,  exalt,  elevate, 
hoist;  increase,  aggrandize, 

Lower,  a.    Inferior. 

ANT.  Higher,  superior,  more 
influential. 

Lowering.  Gloomy,  threaten- 
ing, sullen;  cloudy,  overcast, 
murky,  dark. 

ANT.  Clear,  bright,  light; 
vaporless. 

Lowly.  Low,  humble,  unimpor- 
tant, meek,  modest;  mean,  un- 
pretending, mild. 

ANT.  Lofty,  eminent,  proud, 
arrogant,  lordly,  haughty,  ele- 
vated; supercilious,  conceited, 
pretentious. 

Loyal.   Faithful,  true,   constant, 

,.  devoted,  staunch,  trusty,  obe- 
dient, submissive. 

ANT.  Inconstant,  untrue, 
traitorous,  mutinous,  seditious, 
insurgent,  insubmissive,  rebel- 
lious, disobedient,  unfaithful, 
disaffected,  dastardly. 

Loyalty.       Allegiance,     fidelity, 
fealty,  faithfulness,  constancy. 
ANT.    Treason,  treachery,  un- 
faithfulness,   disloyalty;    sedi- 


tion, rebellion,  inconstancy,  in- 
surrection. 

Lucid.  Luminous,  transparent, 
sane,  reasonable;  shining,  re- 
splendent, bright;  clear;  radi- 
ant, brilliant;  limpid,  lucent; 
distinct,  intelligible,  perspicu- 
ous, sober,  sound. 

ANT.  Dark,  opaque,  muddy, 
black,  somber,  turbid,  obscure; 
indistinct,  unintelligible,  mys- 
tifying, insane,  unsound,  con- 
fused, involved;  illegible. 

Luck.  Chance,  hap,  fate,  for- 
tune, hazard,  casualty,  acci- 
dent; success,  good  fortune. 

ANT.  Rule,  law,  causation, 
purpose,  design,  certainty; 
fate. 

Luckless.  Unfortunate,  unsuc- 
cessful, unlucky,  ill-fated,  un- 
prosperous,  ill-starred,  unpro- 
pitious,  unhappy. 

Lucky.  Fortunate,  successful, 
auspicious,  prosperous,  happy, 
favored,  blessed. 

Lucrative.  Profitable,  gainful, 
paying,  remunerative. 

ANT.  Disadvantageous,  un- 
remunerative,  unprofitable,  use- 
less, fruitless,  vain,  unproduc- 
tive. 

Lucre.  Gain,  profit,  riches,  pelf, 
emolument,  greed,  mammon. 

ANT.  Loss,  poverty,  failure, 
privation. 

Lucubration.  Nocturnal  study, 
meditation,  speculation,  cogi- 
tation. 

ANT.  Idleness,  dulness,  stu- 
pidity, torpor,  vacuity. 

Ludicrous.  Laughable,  comic, 
burlesque,  droll,  sportive,  ri- 
diculous, comical,  odd,  funny, 
farcical,  absurd. 

ANT.  Grave,  serious,  impor- 
tant, momentous;  sad,  sorrow- 
ful, melancholy,  tragic,  mourn- 
ful, lugubrious. 

Lugubrious.     Mournful,  woful, 


[  192  ] 


ltd] 


SYNONYMS   AND  ANTONYMS 


[lux 


pitiable,    doleful,   sad,    sorrow- 
ful, melancholy,  complaining. 

ANT.  Ludicrous,  droll,  ridicu- 
lous, comic,  witty,  jovial,  ab- 
surd, funny,  laughable,  comical. 

Lull,   v.     Compose,   calm,  quiet, 
soothe,  hush,  tranquilize,  still. 
ANT.     Excite,  aggravate,  in- 
cite, stimulate,  exasperate,  pro- 
voke, inflame. 

Luminous.  Shining,  brilliant, 
bright;  illuminated;  enlight- 
ened, intelligent,  clear,  intel- 
ligible. 

ANT.  Dark,  black,  gloomy; 
unintelligible,  unintelligent,  in- 
volved, mixed,  confused. 

Lunacy.  Derangement,  mania, 
craziness,  insanity,  madness, 
aberration. 

ANT.  Sanity,  intellect,  rea- 
son, rationality,  lucidity,  in- 
telligence, brains;  mind;  self- 
control. 

Lunatic,  n.  Insane  person,  ma- 
niac, madman. 

ANT.  Philosopher,  sage,  lu- 
minary, savant,  scholar,  scien- 
tist, intellectual  person. 

Lunatic,  a.  Insane,  mad,  crazy, 
cracked,  deranged. 

ANT.  Sane,  rational,  intelli- 
gent, reasonable,  reasoning,  in- 
tellectual, knowing,  sound. 

Lure,  n.  Enticement,  decoy;  al- 
lurement, bait,  temptation,  at- 
traction. 

Lure,  v.  Allure,  entice,  decoy, 
tempt,  attract,  inveigle,  se- 
duce. 

ANT.  Warn,  guide,  alarm, 
premonish,  ward,  instruct,  con- 
duct, guard;  extricate,  save. 

Lurid.  Yellow,  pale,  wan,  dis- 
mal, ghastly,  gloomy,  murky, 
lowering. 

ANT.  Bright,  luminous,  ra- 
diant, clear. 

Lurk.  Lie  hid,  lie  in  wait,  hide, 
skulk. 


ANT.  Rise,  spring,  emerge, 
appear,  reveal. 

Luscious.  Sweet,  delicious,  ful- 
some, cloying,  savory,  delight- 
ful, pleasing,  grateful;  sugary, 
honeyed;  rank,  nauseous,  unc- 
tuous. 

ANT.  Sour,  sharp,  tart,  bit- 
ter, pungent,  acid. 
Luster.  Brilliancy,  brightness, 
splendor,  glitter;  renown,  dis- 
tinction, glory;  gleam,  radi- 
ance, resplendence;  eminence, 
repute,  celebrity,  honor. 

ANT.  Darkness,  tenebrosity, 
blackness,  gloom,  obscuration; 
detraction,  derogation,  infamy, 
disrepute,  dishonor,  notoriety. 
Lustration.  Washing,  purifica- 
tion, cleansing;  lustrum. 

ANT.  Defilement,  contami- 
nation, infection,  desecration; 
soiling,  pollution. 
Lustrous.  Bright,  shiny,  gleam- 
ing, luminous,  brilliant,  radi- 
ant. 

ANT.     Dark,  black,  gloomy. 
Lusty.     Stout,  strong,  vigorous, 
robust,   healthful,  able,  lively, 
sturdy;  bulky,  large,  fat. 

ANT.  Weak,  infirm,  feeble, 
incapable,  ailing,  effete,  list- 
less, invalid,  powerless,  conva- 
lescent. 

Luxuriant.  Exuberant,  exces- 
sive, rank,  abundant,  profuse, 
plentiful,  plenteous. 

ANT.  Delicate,  frail,  scanty, 
scarce,  feeble. 

Luxuriate.  Grow  exuberantly, 
feed  luxuriously;  flourish,  in- 
dulge; revel,  wanton;  delight, 
indulge  to  excess. 

ANT.  Toil,  slave,  drudge,  la- 
bor, work;  pine,  waste,  droop, 
decay,  languish. 

Luxurious.  Voluptuous,  epicu- 
rean, sensual,  intemperate,  ef- 
feminate, self-indulgent. 

ANT.    Austere,  ascetic,  hard. 


[  103  ] 


lux] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[mag- 


painful,  self-denying,  self-con- 
trolled, temperate,  restrained, 
restricted. 

Luxury.  Voluptuousness,  epi- 
curism, effeminacy,  sensuality; 
dainty,  delicacy,  gratification; 
pleasure,  enjoyment,  delight; 
treat,  animalism. 


ANT.  Stoicism,  asceticismt 
self-denial,  austerity,  hardship; 
spirituality. 

Lying,  a.    False,  mendacious,  un- 
truthful,  untrue ;    recumbent. 

ANT.  Truthful,  true,  vera- 
cious, upright,  honest,  accurate, 
exact;  erect. 


M 


Macerate.  Weaken,  soften;  at- 
tenuate, make  lean,  waste,  wear 
away ;  harass,  mortify,  torture ; 
steep,  soak,  digest. 

ANT.  Fatten,  replenish,  re- 
pair, pamper,  swell. 

Machinate.  Plan,  contrive,  de- 
vise, plot,  scheme,  harm. 

ANT.  Think  aloud,  speak 
out,  lie  artless;  counterplot, 
compete;  expose,  defeat,  baffle. 

Machination.  Plot,  conspiracy, 
intrigue,  cabal,  stratagem,  de- 
sign, trick,  artifice,  contrivance, 
scheme. 

ANT.  Detection,  counter-ac- 
tion, overthrow,  baffling,  defeat, 
exposure,  defiance,  challenge; 
conflict,  competition. 

Machine.  Engine,  instrument; 
tool,  puppet;  organization,  ma- 
chinery, system,  supernatural 
agency. 

Maculate,  a.  Blotched,  defiled, 
impure,  spotted,  blurred,  cor- 
rupt, unclean,  mottled. 

ANT.  Unspotted,  spotless, 
speckless,  pure,  clean,  immacu- 
late. 

Mad.  Crazy,  insane;  excited,  in- 
flamed, furious,  rabid,  angry; 
distracted,  lunatic,  delirious, 
crazed,  deranged,  demented,  ma- 
niac; enraged,  raging;  exasper- 
ated, provoked,  incensed,  wrath- 
ful;  wild,  infatuated;  frenzied, 
frantic,  raving. 


ANT.  Sane,  sound,  sensible^ 
quiet,  composed,  sober,  unex~ 
cited. 

Madden.  Make  mad,  enrage ;  ir- 
ritate, provoke,  inflame,  infuri- 
ate. 

ANT.  Calm,  pacify,  assuage, 
mesmerize;  heal,  soothe,  re- 
store. 

Madness.  Insanity,  craziness, 
derangement,  mania,  aberra- 
tion; frenzy,  fury,  rage,  delir- 
ium. 

ANT.  Sanity,  calmness,  ra- 
tionality, soberness,  reason. 

Magazine.  Warehouse,  recep- 
tacle, storehouse,  depository,  re- 
pository; periodical. 

Magic.  Sorcery,  witchcraft,  con- 
juration, necromancy,  enchant- 
ment, incantation;  fascination, 
witchery,  charm. 

Magisterial.  Stately,  pompous, 
august,  lordly,  dignified,  lofty, 
official,  imperious,  proud,  dom- 
ineering, haughty,  despotic,  ar- 
rogant, dogmatical ;  dictatorial, 
consequential,  imposing,  au- 
thoritative. 

ANT.  Submissive,  docile,  un- 
dignified, unimposing,  unas- 
suming, modest. 

Magistrate.  Judge;  civil  or  po- 
lice officer,  chief  official. 

ANT.  Citizen,  prisoner,  civil- 
ian, subject. 

Magnanimity.     Generosity,  dis- 


[  194  ] 


mag] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[maj 


interestedness,  greatness,  hero- 
ism, nobleness,  forbearance. 

ANT.  Meanness,  pettiness, 
paltriness,  spitefulness,  spleen. 

Magnanimous.  Great,  elevated, 
generous,  lofty,  noble,  coura- 
geous; brave,  dauntless,  heroic, 
illustrious;  unselfish,  exalted, 
chivalrous,  high-minded,  honor- 
able. 

ANT.  Mean,  small,  ignoble, 
base,  selfish,  cowardly,  cring- 
ing; mediocre;  parsimonious, 
carping. 

Magnificent.  Glorious,  grand, 
majestic,  splendid,  admirable, 
superb,  sublime;  imposing,  gor- 
geous, stately,  showy;  august, 
dignified. 

ANT.  Petty,  mean,  paltry, 
little,  flat,  beggarly,  ordinary, 
small-minded,  tawdry,  unim- 
posing,  tame. 

Magnify.  Enlarge,  augment,  in- 
crease, amplify;  laud,  extol; 
exaggerate;  celebrate,  glorify, 
bless,  praise. 

ANT.  Diminish,  curtail,  con- 
tract, palliate,  extenuate,  de- 
cry. 

Magniloquent.  Pompous,  gran- 
diloquent, bombastic,  declama- 
tory, stilted,  high-flown,  turgid, 
inflated,  boastful. 

ANT.  Simple,  vernacular,  un- 
affected, plain-spoken. 

Magnitude.  Extent,  size;  gran- 
deur, greatness ;  importance ; 
volume,  dimension,  mass;  con- 
sequence; sublimity,  loftiness. 
A  XT.  Smallness,  diminutive- 
ness,  littleness,  meagerness;  in- 
significance, meanness,  unim- 
portance. 

Maid.  Maiden,  girl,  damsel,  vir- 
gin, lass. 

ANT.  Matron,  married 
woman. 

Maim.  Disable,  cripple,  mangle, 
mar,  mutilate,  disfigure,  lame. 


ANT.  Restore,  strengthen, 
invigorate,  mend. 

Main,  a.  Bulk,  majority,  body, 
principal,  trunk,  chief,  leading, 
most  important,  first,  cardinal, 
capital;  necessary,  vital,  essen- 
tial, indispensable,  requisite; 
huge,  enormous;  absolute,  en- 
tire, mere,  direct. 

ANT.  Subordinate,  non-es- 
sential, auxiliary,  minor,  tribu- 
tary, inferior. 

Main,  n.  Ocean,  mainland,  con- 
tinent; main  conduit  or  pipe; 
force,  power,  might,  strength; 
gross,  majority. 

ANT.  Bay,  gulf ;  island;  in- 
ability, weakness;  tributaries; 
minority. 

Mainly.  Chiefly,  principally; 
largely,  greatly,  mightily,  ab- 
solutely, primarily,  entirely. 

ANT.  Secondarily,  subordi- 
nately;  partially,  somewhat, 
slightly. 

Maintain.  Uphold,  assert,  vin- 
dicate, allege,  support,  sustain ; 
defend,  continue;  supply;  pro- 
vide; affirm. 

ANT.  Retract,  deny,  with- 
draw; fail,  turn  traitor  to. 

Maintenance.  Sustenance,  sup- 
port, vindication,  defense,  jus- 
tification, provisions,  subsis- 
tence, livelihood. 

Majestic.  August,  sublime,  mag- 
nificent, regal,  royal,  pompous, 
stately,  dignified,  elevated,  im- 
perial, princely,  grand,  impos- 
ing. 

ANT.  Low,  humble,  mean, 
sordid,  groveling;  plebeian,  vul- 
gar, common;  unassuming. 

Majesty.  Dignity,  power,  au- 
thority, loftiness,  stateliness, 
augustness,  grandeur,  eleva- 
tion. 

ANT.  Meanness,  paltriness; 
humility. 

Majority.      Superiority,   senior- 


[  195  ] 


mak] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[man 


ity;  eldership,  priority;  bulk, 
preponderance. 

ANT.  Minority,  inferiority, 
juniority. 

Stake.  Produce,  falsify;  find; 
acquire;  travel  over;  cause;  es- 
teem, suppose,  represent;  com- 
pel, force;  be;  amount  to;  at- 
tain, reach,  arrive  at;  manage, 
interfere;  proceed,  tend,  move, 
go ;  contribute,  increase,  accrue, 
constrain,  bring  about,  occa- 
eion,  require;  shape,  fabricate, 
construct,  fashion,  frame,  man- 
ufacture, perform,  do;  become, 
compose,  constitute,  create,  es- 
tablish, effect,  execute,  reach, 
get,  render. 

ANT.  Abolish,  demolish,  an- 
nihilate, break,  disintegrate, 
unmake,  undo;  destroy,  defeat, 
mar,  disestablish,  miss,  lose, 
fail  of;  upset;  misrepresent, 
mismanage;  hesitate,  stop;  de- 
crease, diminish. 

Maker.  Creator,  former,  manu- 
facturer, builder,  constructor ; 
author,  composer,  writer,  com- 
piler. 

ANT.  Destroyer,  extermina- 
tor, annihilator. 

Make  up.  Collect;  constitute, 
form;  reconcile,  settle,  adjust, 
compose;  make  good,  compen- 
sate; supply,  furnish,  provide; 
determine. 

ANT.  Distribute,  disperse, 
scatter;  pi;  default. 

Mai-  or  Male-.  A  prefix  denot- 
ing ill.  For  words  thus  com- 
pounded and  not  found  here, 
see  the  synonyms  and  anto- 
nyms of  the  root  word,  from 
which  derivatives  may  be  read- 
ily chosen. 

Malady.       Disorder,    distemper, 
disease,   sickness,  ailment,   ill- 
ness ;   complaint,  indisposition. 
ANT.     Health,  sanity,  vigor, 
robustness,  soundness. 


Malediction.  Curse,  cursing, 
execration,  imprecation,  denun- 
ciation, anathema. 

ANT.  Benediction,  blessing, 
praise,  compliment. 

Malefactor.  Evil-doer,  culprit, 
felon,  criminal,  convict,  out- 
law. 

ANT.    Benefactor,  hero. 

Malice.  Spite,  ill  will,  malevo- 
lence, grudge,  pique,  bitterness, 
animosity,  malignity,  rancor, 
maliciousness,  virulence. 

ANT.  Good  will,  benevolence, 
kindliness. 

Manacle,  n.  Handcuff,  shackle, 
fetter. 

Manacle,  «.  Handcuff,  shackle, 
fetter,  bind,  chain. 

ANT.  Unbind,  unfetter,  un- 
chain. 

Manage.  Direct,  govern,  con- 
trol, wield,  order,  contrive, 
concert,  conduct,  transact;  ad- 
minister, regulate,  supervise, 
superintend,  handle,  rule. 

ANT.  Mismanage,  misgov- 
ern, misconduct,  upset,  misuse, 
derange;  let  go. 

Manageable.  Tractable,  gov- 
ernable, controllable,  tamable, 
docile. 

ANT.  Unmanageable,  un- 
tamable, uncontrollable,  un- 
governable, difficult,  impracti- 
cable, impossible,  refractory. 

Management.  Conduct,  admin- 
istration, government,  guid- 
ance, direction,  care,  charge, 
contrivance,  intrigue ;  skill, 
address ;  economy,  treatment, 
superintendence,  surveillance ; 
negotiations,  dealings,  trans- 
actions. 

ANT.  Misconduct,  malad- 
ministration, mismanagement. 

Manager.  Director,  superinten- 
dent, supervisor,  comptroller, 
governor,  overseer,  conductor; 
economist. 


[  IPO  1 


man] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[man 


ANT.  Workman,  follower, 
workingman,  employee. 

Mandate.  Command,  commis- 
sion, order,  charge,  precept,  in- 
junction, requirement,  edict. 

ANT.  Petition,  request,  en- 
treaty, suggestion. 

Maneuver  (Manoeuvre),  ». 
Management ;  stratagem,  arti- 
fice, scheme,  plan,  trick,  ruse, 
intrigue;  evolution,  movement; 
operation,  tactics,  contrivance. 
ANT.  Countermovement,  de- 
feat, check,  bafflement,  counter- 
action, detection,  neutraliza- 
tion. 

Maneuver,  v.  Perform  an  evo- 
lution, move;  scheme,  plot,  in- 
trigue, manage,  contrive. 

ANT.  Counteract,  play  up 
to,  check,  checkmate. 

Mangle.     Cut,  bruise,  mutilate, 
lacerate,  maim,  hack,  tear;  de- 
stroy, mar,  spoil;   polish,  cal- 
ender, smooth,  press. 
ANT.    Restore,  heal. 

Manhood.  Virility,  maturity; 
humanity;  courage,  resolution, 
bravery,  hardihood,  fortitude, 
manliness,  manfulness. 

ANT.  "Womanhood,  feminin- 
ity;  effeminacy;  coioardliness, 
coicardice,  delicacy. 

Mania.  Insanity,  derangement, 
madness,  lunacy,  aberration, 
alienation,  delirium,  frenzy. 

ANT.  Sanity,  health,  sound- 
ness; poise,  self-control. 

Maniac.  Lunatic,  madman,  in- 
sane, bedlamite. 

Manifest,  a.  Open,  clear,  evi- 
dent, apparent,  visible,  conspic- 
uous, plain,  obvious;  patent, 
palpable,  unmistakable,  dis- 
tinct, indubitable. 

ANT.  Hidden,  indistinct,  in- 
conspicuous, occult,  latent,  ob- 
scure, confused,  hazy,  foggy. 

Manifest,  v.  Reveal,  declare, 
evince,  make  known,  disclose, 


discover,  display,  show,  exhibit, 
evidence,  expose. 
ANT.     Hide,  cover,   conceal. 

Manifold.  Various,  duplicate, 
multiplied;  numerous,  many, 
multitudinous ;  diverse,  multi- 
farious; sundry. 

ANT.  Few,  rare,  limited, 
scarce,  scant;  uniform,  fac- 
simile. 

Mankind.  Man;  humanity,  hu- 
mankind; men;  society. 

ANT.  Womankind;  child- 
hood; divinity,  deity,  Heaven, 
God;  earth,  world,  universe,  na- 
ture, creation;  cattle,  animals, 
minerals,  vegetables. 

Manly.  Bold,  daring,  valorous, 
courageous,  undaunted,  hardy, 
dignified;  intrepid,  heroic,  vig- 
orous, firm,  noble,  chivalrous; 
mature,  masculine,  manlike. 

ANT.  Womanly,  childlike; 
timid,  womanish,  childish,  un- 
manly, boyish,  weak,  dastardly, 
cowardly;  effeminate. 

Manner.  Mode,  custom,  habit, 
deportment,  fashion,  air,  look, 
mien,  aspect,  appearance;  be- 
havior, conduct;  method,  form, 
style. 

ANT.  Being,  action,  proceed- 
ing, life,  work,  performance, 
project,  business. 

Mannerism.  Characteristic,  pe- 
culiarity, uniformity,  self-repe- 
tition, self-consciousness,  affec- 
tation, idiosyncrasy,  specialty. 
ANT.  Unaffectedness,  sim- 
plicity, naturalness,  character, 
genuineness. 

Mannerly.  Civil,  complaisant, 
respectful,  courteous,  polite, 
urbane,  refined,  well-behaved, 
ceremonious,  well-bred. 

ANT.  Rude,  coarse,  unman- 
nerly, rough,  impolite,  uncivil, 
boorish. 

Manufacture,  n.  Making,  pro- 
duction, fabrication ;  product, 


[  197  ] 


man] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[mar 


composition,  construction,  ma- 
nipulation, molding. 

ANT.  Use,  consumption,  em- 
ployment, wear, 

Manumission.  Release,  eman- 
cipation, liberation,  deliver- 
ance, enfranchisement,  dismis- 
sal, discharge. 

ANT.  Slavery,  capture,  sub- 
jugation; restraint,  repression, 
coercion. 

Manumit.  Release,  liberate,  en- 
franchise, free,  emancipate. 

ANT.  Enslave,  capture,  sub- 
jugate, enthral. 

Many.  Frequent,  manifold,  di- 
verse, divers,  sundry,  numer- 
ous, multiplied,  various,  abun- 
dant, multifarious. 

ANT.  Few,  rare,  scarce,  in- 
frequent, scanty. 

Mar.  Injure,  mark,  spoil,  ruin, 
blemish,  damage,  disfigure,  de- 
face, hurt,  harm,  impair,  maim, 
deform. 

ANT.  Make,  mend,  restore, 
improve,  reinstate,  enhance,  re- 
pair, conserve. 

Marauder.  Plunderer,  robber, 
ravager,  pillager,  outlaw,  ban- 
dit, brigand,  freebooter,  rover, 
invader. 

ANT.  Guard,  sentry,  keeper, 
steward,  ranger,  outpost. 

Margin.  Border,  edge,  brim,  lip, 
rim,  brink,  verge,  confine,  limit, 
skirt,  boundary,  extremity; 
loophole,  profit,  interest,  lee- 
way. 

ANT.  Center,  main,  space; 
limitation,  stringency,  restric- 
tion. 

Marine.     Naval,  nautical,  mari- 

'  time;  oceanic,  salt-water,  pe- 
lagic. 

ANT.  Terrene,  fresh-water, 
terrestrial,  land. 

Marital.  Connubial,  nuptial,  hy- 
meneal, conjugal,  wedded,  mat- 
rimonial. 


ANT.  Single,  unwedded,  celi- 
bate. 

Maritime.  Marine,  oceanic,  nau- 
tical. 

ANT.    Terrene,  land. 

Mark,  n.  Impress,  stamp,  ves- 
tige, impression,  imprint,  track, 
evidence,  proof,  characteristic, 
badge,  indication ;  distinction, 
eminence,  importance. 

ANT.  Effacement,  oblitera- 
tion,  erasure,  plainness. 

Mark,  v.  Remark,  notice,  regard, 
heed,  show,  betoken,  character- 
ize, denote,  stamp,  imprint,  im- 
press, brand;  label,  designate, 
observe,  stigmatize,  signalize, 
specify,  specialize;  decorate. 

ANT.  Overlook,  ignore,  omit; 
mislabel,  misindicate,  mis- 
mark. 

Marked.  Noted,  notable,  promi- 
nent, remarkable,  eminent,  dis- 
tinguished, conspicuous. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  mean,  com* 
monplace,  everyday,  undistin- 
guished. 

Marriage.  Matrimony,  wedlock, 
wedding,  espousal,  nuptials, 
conjugal  union,  spousal,  union. 
ANT.  Divorce,  celibacy,  vir- 
ginity, bachelorhood,  widow- 
hood, maidenhood. 

Marrow.  Medulla,  pith,  essence, 
quintessence ;  gist,  substance, 
cream,  kernel. 

ANT.  Excrescence,  surplus- 
age, redundancy,  superfluity; 
surface,  exterior;  amplifica- 
tion; body,  volume,  mass. 

Marsh.     Fen,  swamp,  quagmire, 
morass,  bog,  slough. 
ANT.    Solid  ground. 

Marshal,  v.  Order,  arrange,  di- 
rect, guide,  lead,  rank,  array, 
dispose,  draw  up;  herald. 

ANT.  Disarray,  misguide, 
disarrange,  disorder. 

Martial.  Warlike,  military,  sol- 
dierly, brave. 


t  198  ] 


mar] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[mat 


ANT.  Peaceful,  unmilitary, 
umcarlike. 

Martyrdom.  Martyr  like  state; 
torture,  torment,  persecution ; 
confession. 

ANT.  Denial,  retraction;  ab- 
juration, renegation. 
Marvel,  n.  Wonder,  prodigy, 
miracle ;  surprise,  astonish- 
ment, amazement,  admiration; 
portent,  phenomenon. 

ANT.  Commonplace,  impos- 
ture, cipher,  farce,  trifle. 
Marvelous.  Wonderful,  aston- 
ishing, surprising,  strange,  im- 
probable, incredible ;  miracu- 
lous, stupendous,  extraordi- 
nary, wondrous,  supernat- 
ural, portentous,  prodi- 
gious. 

ANT.  Commonplace,  every- 
day, regular,  normal,  custom- 
ary, natural,  anticipated,  cur- 
rent, calculated,  expected. 
Masculine.  Male,  manly,  vir- 
ile, manlike;  strong,  robust, 
powerful,  bold,  hardy,  cou- 
rageous. 

ANT.  Feminine,  womanly, 
womanlike,  female;  effeminate, 
womanish. 

Mask,  n.  Cover,  disguise,  pre- 
text, subterfuge,  screen;  revel, 
frolic,  evasion,  pretense,  ruse, 
plea;  redoubt;  domino,  blind, 
veil;  hypocrisy. 

ANT.  Truth,  nakedness,  can- 
dor, verity,  openness;  exposure, 
detection,  unmasking. 
Mask,  v.  Disguise,  cover,  hide, 
protect,  conceal,  veil,  shroud, 
screen. 

ANT.  Expose,  unmask,  dis- 
cover, detect. 

Mass.  Quantity,  sum,  bulk,  mag- 
nitude, body,  size,  main  part, 
majority;  aggregate,  whole,  to- 
tality; heap,  assemblage,  com- 
bination, concretion. 

ANT.    Fragment,  section,  por- 


tion, bit,  morsel,  minority,  seg- 
ment. 

Massacre,  v.  Murder,  butcher, 
kill,  slaughter,  slay. 

ANT.  Preserve,  spare,  rescue, 
restore. 

Massive.  Compacted,  weighty, 
heavy,  massy,  ponderous,  bulky, 
huge,  immense,  vast,  solid,  co- 
lossal. 

ANT.  Slight,  slender,  frail, 
airy;  petty,  small,  light. 

Master,  n.  Ruler,  director,  man- 
ager, leader,  employer,  owner, 
governor,  superintendent,  com- 
mander, captain;  teacher,  in- 
structor, tutor;  adept;  posses- 
sor, proprietor ;  professor,  head, 
chief. 

ANT.  Servant,  slave,  pupil, 
employee,  subject,  learner,  stu- 
dent. 

Master,  v.  Conquer,  subdue, 
vanquish,  overcome ;  acquire, 
learn. 

ANT.  Tield,  fail,  surrender, 
succumb. 

Masterly.  Imperious,  domineer- 
ing, arbitrary,  despotic;  skil- 
ful, clever,  expert,  dexterous, 
adroit;  finished,  excellent,  ar- 
tistic, consummate. 

ANT.  Humble,  obedient,  com- 
pliant, rude,  clumsy,  bungling. 

Mastery.  Authority,  dominion, 
supremacy ;  victory,  triumph, 
preeminence,  ascendency,  su- 
periority; acquirement,  attain- 
ment, acquisition;  skill,  dex- 
terity, cleverness,  ability. 

ANT.  Subservience,  tutelage, 
submission,  guidance,  obedience, 
inexpertness,  ignorance;  defeat, 
failure,  surrender. 

Masticate.     Grind,  chew. 

ANT.     Bolt,  gobble,  swallow. 

Match,  n.  Equal,  mate;  contest; 
union,  marriage ;  competition, 
trial;  companion;  pair. 

ANT.    Superior,  inferior;  dis~ 


[  199  ] 


mat] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[me* 


parity,   mismatch,  oddity,  in- 
equality. 

Match,  v.  Mate,  rival,  oppose, 
equal;  correspond;  adapt,  fit, 
suit;  marry;  harmonize;  join, 
couple,  combine. 

ANT.  Fail,  exceed,  surpass, 
preponderate;  separate,  disso- 
ciate. 

Matchless.  Unequaled,  peerless, 
unparalleled,  incomparable,  in- 
imitable, consummate,  exqui- 
site, excellent,  surpassing,  un- 
rivaled. 

ANT.  Common,  ordinary,  me- 
diocre, everyday,  commonplace, 
general. 

Mate,  n.  Companion,  associate, 
compeer,  match,  equal;  fellow, 
intimate ;  assistant,  subordi- 
nate; peer. 

ANT.  Stranger;  superior,  in- 
ferior; principal,  chief,  head. 

Material,  n.  Substance,  solidity, 
weight,  stuff,  matter. 

ANT.  Work,  production,  de- 
sign; spirit,  purpose. 

Material,  o.  Corporeal,  physi- 
cal; important,  essential;  mo- 
mentous, vital,  weighty;  bodily. 
ANT.  Spiritual,  sublimated, 
incorporeal,  evanescent,  ethe- 
real. 

Matrimony.      Marriage,     wed- 
lock. 
ANT.  Celibacy,  virginity. 

Matron.  Wife,  widow,  dame; 
housekeeper,  head  nurse;  dow- 
ager. 

ANT.  Girl,  maid,  maiden, 
virgin,  spinster,  miss,  lass. 

Matter.  Substance,  body,  ma- 
terial, constituency ;  concern, 
affair,  business;  trouble,  diffi- 
culty; amount,  portion,  space; 
sense,  significance,  moment; 
import,  importance;  topic,  sub- 
ject, question;  thing,  event. 

ANT.  Immateriality,  incor- 
poreality,  spirituality;  mind, 


soul,  spirit,  intellect;  animus, 
zeal,  temper. 

Mature.  Ripe,  perfect,  ready, 
perfected,  completed,  full- 
grown. 

ANT.  Raw,  crude,  blighted, 
immature,  undeveloped,  unripe. 

Matutinal.  Morning,  dawning, 
early,  waking. 

ANT.  Vesper,  evening,  late, 
waning,  turilight. 

Maudlin.  Tearful,  sentimental, 
weak,  silly;  drunken;  intoxi- 
cated, inebriated,  tipsy,  mud- 
dled. 

ANT.  Dry,  sober,  sensible, 
unsentimental,  unromantic. 

Mawkish.  Nauseous,  disgusted, 
squeamish;  insipid,  flat,  stale, 
sickly,  disgusting,  loathsome, 
maudlin. 

ANT.  Sensible,  savory,  fine, 
sound,  palatable,  pungent. 

Maxim.  Principle,  axiom,  prov- 
erb, aphorism,  apothegm,  ad- 
age, saying,  saw,  dictum,  pre- 
cept, rule. 

ANT.  Sophism,  quibble,  06- 
surdity,  enigma,  paradox. 

Maximum.  Greatest ;  climax, 
zenith,  apex,  acme,  culmina- 
tion, completion,  utmost,  ulti- 
mate. 

ANT.  Minimum,  least;  mor- 
sel,  fragment:  initiative,  com- 
mencement; decrease,  icane; 
incompletion,  abortion. 

Maybe,  ad.  Perhaps,  possibly, 
haply,  mayhap. 

Maze.  Labyrinth,  intricacy;  be- 
wilderment, uncertainty,  per- 
plexity ;  embarrassment. 

ANT.  Clue,  elimination,  ex- 
plication: solution. 

Meager.  Thin,  lean,  lank,  poor, 
gaunt,  starved,  hungry,  emaci- 
ated, barren,  scanty. 

ANT.  Stout,  brawny,  fat, 
chubby;  abundant,  fertile,  copi- 
ous. 


I  200 


mea] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[med 


Mean,  n.  Middle,  medium,  aver- 
age, intermediate  point;  (pi.) 
resources,  property,  revenue; 
media. 

ANT.  Extreme,  excess,  exor- 
bitance, enormity,  extrava- 
gance; poverty,  end,  purpose, 
object. 

Mean,  v.  Purpose,  intend,  de- 
sign; signify,  import,  indicate, 
denote,  express. 

ANT.  Do,  perform,  execute; 
say,  state,  enunciate,  declare. 

Mean,  a.  Ignoble,  abject,  beg- 
garly, wretclied,  degraded,  de- 
generate, vulgar,  vile,  servile, 
menial,  groveling,  slavish,  dis- 
honorable, disgraceful,  shame- 
ful, despicable,  contemptible, 
paltry,  sordid. 

ANT.  Noble,  kingly,  heroic, 
princely,  exalted,  generous,  em- 
inent, honorable,  spirited,  lib- 
eral, masterly,  worthy,  bounti- 
ful, munificent. 

Meaning.  Purpose,  aim,  inten- 
tion, import,  design,  object; 
sense,  explanation,  significance, 
interpretation,  force,  purport, 
acceptation. 

ANT.  Statement;  proceed- 
ing; affidavit,  declaration. 

Meanness.  Stinginess,  illiber- 
ality,  sordidness,  vileness,  pe- 
nuriousness,  niggardliness,  ab- 
jectness,  baseness;  destitution. 
poverty,  lowness,  scantiness, 
smallness,  rudeness,  selfish- 
ness. 

ANT.  Nobleness,  generosity, 
unselfishness,  liberality,  large- 
heartedness. 

Measure,   n.     Dimension,  capac- 
ity, quantity,  amount :   moder- 
ation, restraint;   extent,  limit. 
.  proportion,  degree;   rule,  gage, 
standard ;  meter. 

ANT.  Bulk,  mass;  segment, 
section,  portion;  immensity,  in- 
finity. 


Measureless.  Unlimited,  infinite* 
immeasurable,  immense,  bound- 
less, limitless,  vast,  unbounded. 
ANT.     Circumscribed,  finite, 
limited,   bounded,  restricted. 

Mechanic.  Artificer,  artisan, 
handicraftsman,  hand,  crafts- 
man, operative,  workman. 

ANT.  Artist,  designer,  plan- 
ner, architect,  constructor. 

Mechanical.  Approximate,  em- 
pirical; machine-made;  auto- 
matic, involuntary,  blind;  ha- 
bitual, unrefiective,  spontane- 
ous, effortless,  unimpassioned. 

ANT.  Labored,  feeling,  self- 
conscious,  forced,  spirited,  ap- 
preciative, lifelike,  lively,  ani- 
mated, impassioned. 

Meddle.  Interfere,  handle,  dis- 
turb; intrude,  interpose,  inter- 
vene, intercede;  mediate,  arbi- 
trate. 

ANT.  Withdraw,  retire,  re- 
move, recede,  retreat. 

Meddlesome.  Meddling,  intru- 
sive, officious;  pragmatical,  in- 
terfering; impertinent,  obtru- 
sive. 

ANT.  Unobtrusive,  modestf 
unofficious,  shy,  retiring,  unas- 
suming, reserved. 

Mediate,  v.    Intervene,  reconcile, 
interpose,  intercede,  arbitrate. 
ANT.     Retire,  imthdraw,  let 
be,  leave,  abandon. 

Mediation.  Interposition,  inter- 
cession, intervention,  arbitra- 
tion, interference,  adjustment, 
reconciliation. 

ANT.  Indifference,  neutral- 
ity; non-interference. 

Mediator.  Reconciler,  interces- 
sor, interceder,  advocate,  um- 
pire, propitiator. 

Medicament.  Remedy,  specific, 
medicine,  cure,  relief,  help,  re- 
storative. 

ANT.  Irritant,  infection,  ag- 
gravation, hurt,  disease. 


I  201   ] 


med] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[mel 


Medicate.  Drug,  treat,  heal, 
cure. 

ANT.  Harm,  infect;  catch, 
contract. 

Medicine,  n.  Drug,  physic,  rem- 
edy, medicament ;  antidote,  cor- 
rective, salve,  cure;  therapeu- 
tics. 

ANT.  Poison,  virus,  bane; 
aggravation. 

Mediocre.  Moderate,  indiffer- 
ent, ordinary,  mean,  medium, 
average,  middling,  common- 
place. 

ANT.  Superior,  inferior,  ex- 
traordinary, distinguished,  dis- 
tinctive. 

Mediocrity.  Inferiority,  aver- 
age, moderate  or  middle  state, 
medium;  moderation;  common- 
place, mean;  sufficiency. 

ANT.  Excellence,  superior- 
ity, distinction,  brilliance,  rar- 
ity. 

Meditate.  Consider,  ponder,  re- 
volve, study,  weigh,  plan,  con- 
trive, devise,  scheme,  purpose, 
intend;  contemplate,  muse,  re- 
flect, think,  cogitate. 

ANT.  Execute,  enact,  com- 
plete, consummate. 

Medium,  n.  Middle,  mean ;  mod- 
eration, average ;  proportion ; 
mediator,  intermediary;  means, 
agency,  instrumentality. 

Medium,  a.  Middle,  mean,  mid- 
dling, intermediate,  medial,  me- 
diocre, central. 

ANT.  Outer,  extreme,  dis- 
tant, remote. 

Medley.  Mixture,  jumble,  mis- 
cellany, potpourri,  hodge- 
podge; tumult,  confusion,  lit- 
ter, diversity,  complexity. 

ANT.  Order,  harmony,  sim- 
plicity; arrangement,  classifi- 
cation, assortment,  disposition, 
grouping. 

Meed.  Merit,  reward,  recom- 
pense; worth,  desert;  guerdon, 


premium,  prize,  award,  remun- 
eration; gift,  present. 

ANT.  Penalty,  punishment, 
brand,  stigma,  amercement. 

Meek.  Submissive,  yielding,  un- 
assuming, gentle;  mild,  pa- 
tient, humble;  lowly,  modest. 

ANT.  Bold,  arrogant,  proud, 
self-assertive,  irritable,  pre- 
sumptuous, high-spirited. 

Meet,  u.  Join ;  confront,  encoun- 
ter; be  present;  perceive,  expe- 
rience, suffer;  equal,  satisfy; 
assemble,  congregate;  harmon- 
ize, agree,  unite;  fulfil,  com- 
ply, gratify,  answer. 

ANT.  Miss,  escape,  elude; 
be  absent ;  avoid,  separate,  vary, 
diverge,  decline,  part,  disagree; 
disappoint,  fall  short,  fail. 

Meet,  a.  Suitable,  fit,  proper, 
appropriate,  qualified,  conve- 
nient. 

ANT.  Inappropriate,  unfit, 
inconvenient,  unsuited,  im- 
proper. 

Meeting.  Conference,  assembly, 
company,  convention,  congrega- 
tion, junction,  union,  conflu- 
ence; interview,  encounter;  as- 
semblage, concourse,  gathering. 

Melancholy,  «.  Melancholia; 
depression,  dejection,  brooding, 
gloominess. 

ANT.  Happiness,  gladness, 
sanity,  merriment,  mirth,  cheer, 
hopefulness. 

Melancholy,  a.  Sad,  dispirited, 
low-spirited,  down-hearted,  un- 
happy, hypochondriac,  heavy, 
doleful,  afflictive;  dejected,  de- 
pressed, disconsolate,  gloomy, 
sorrowful,  moody,  desponding; 
grave,  somber,  dark. 

ANT.  Happy,  cheerful,  glad- 
some, sprightly,  lively,  merry, 
mirthful,  blithesome,  gleeful. 

Mellifluous.  Smooth,  honeyed, 
sweet,  mellow,  euphonious,  sil- 
very, dulcet. 


[  202 


mel] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[mer 


ANT.  Raucous,  "hoarse,  dis- 
cordant, harsh,  rough,  broken, 
abrupt. 

Mellow.  Ripe,  soft,  tender ;  sub- 
dued, delicate;  genial,  jovial. 

ANT.  Unripe,  hard,  green, 
acid,  sour;  harsh,  glaring;  dis- 
cordant. 

Melodious.  Musical,  agreeable, 
harmonious,  dulcet,  sweet,  tune- 
ful, rhythmical,  concordant, 
mellifluous. 

ANT.  Discordant,  harsh,  dis- 
sonant, raucous,  jarring,  inhar- 
monious. 

Melody.  Harmony,  rhythm,  air, 
tune,  music,  song,  sweetness  of 
sound,  descant,  theme,  unison, 
symphony. 

ANT.  Discord,  jarring,  disso- 
nance, harshness,  discordance. 

Melt.  Liquefy,  fuse,  thaw,  mol- 
lify, soften;  be  dissipated,  run, 
blend,  flow,  dissolve. 

ANT.  Harden,  combine,  con- 
solidate, unite,  crystallize. 

Member.  Organ,  limb ;  constitu- 
ent, part;  clause,  phrase;  essen- 
tial; portion,  component. 

ANT.  Whole,  body,  entirety, 
aggregate,  sum,  totality,  com- 
munity, society,  association,  or- 
ganization, constitution. 

Memoir.  Memorial,  biography, 
record,  narrative,  chronicle,  reg- 
ister. 

Memorable.  Important,  illus- 
trious, remarkable,  extraordi- 
nary, signal,  distinguished,  fa- 
mous, celebrated,  great,  conspic- 
uous, prominent. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  trivial,  com- 
monplace, insignificant,  medi- 
ocre. 

Memorial.  Monument,  record, 
memorandum,  memento,  sou- 
venir. 

ANT.  Silence,  oblivion;  non- 
observance;  erasure. 

Memory.     Remembrance,  recol- 


lection, reminiscence;  fame,  re- 
nown, reputation;  monument; 
retrospection,  retrospect;  per- 
petuation, retention. 

ANT.  Oblivion,  oversight,  un- 
mindfulness,  obliviousness,  /or- 
getfulnesa. 

Menace,  n.     Threat,  evil  inten- 
tion, denunciation,  threatening. 
ANT.    Good  will,  benediction, 
blessing,  kindness;  protection. 

Mend.  Help,  amend,  emend,  cor- 
rect, rectify;  repair,  improve, 
reform,  better,  restore,  amelio- 
rate. 

ANT.  Impair,  damage,  spoil, 
corrupt;  harm,  deteriorate,  per- 
vert. 

Mendacity.  Lying,  deceit,  false- 
hood, untruth,  duplicity,  lie, 
untruthfulness,  deception;  pre- 
varication. 

ANT.  Truth,  honesty,  recti- 
tude, uprightness,  veracity,  ac- 
curacy, exactness. 

Menial.  Servile,  mean;  domes- 
tic; dependent,  attendant. 

ANT.  Noble,  independent,  au- 
tocratic, supreme,  superior. 

Mental.  Intellectual,  spiritual, 
metaphysical,  subjective,  psy- 
chological, psychical,  intelli- 
gent. 

ANT.  Physical,  corporeal,  ob- 
jective, bodily. 

Mention,  n.  Reference,  allusion, 
notice,  remembrance,  hint,  com- 
munication, observation,  decla- 
ration. 

ANT.  Omission,  silence,  sup- 
pression, forgetfulness,  neglect. 

Mention,  v.  Speak  of,  notice,  an- 
nounce, observe,  remark,  hint, 
declare,  tell,  state,  report,  dis- 
close, allude  to,  name,  refer 
to. 

ANT.  Suppress,  omit,  be  si- 
lent about,  forget,  silence,  drop, 
neglect,  disregard,  slight. 

Mercantile.    Commercial,  traffic, 


[  203  ] 


jner] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[mie 


business;  wholesale,  retail;  in- 
terchangeable, marketable. 

ANT.  Professional;  unmer- 
cantile,  unmarketable,  stagnant, 
unprofitable. 

Mercenary.  Paid,  hired,  hire- 
ling, venal;  greedy,  sordid, 
avaricious,  selfish. 

ANT.  Generous,  unselfish, 
lavish,  prodigal,  liberal,  phil- 
anthropic, benevolent. 

Merchandise.  Wares,  commod- 
ities, goods;  trade,  traffic,  com- 
merce; stock. 

Merchant.  Trader,  shopkeeper, 
dealer,  tradesman,  trafficker ; 
importer. 

ANT.  Shopman,  salesman, 
retailer,  pedler,  huckster. 

Merciful.  Compassionate,  ten- 
der, humane,  gracious,  kind, 
mild,  clement,  benignant,  leni- 
ent, pitiful,  forgiving;  tender- 
hearted. 

ANT.  Remorseless,  pitiless, 
inexorable,  unrelenting,  severe, 
cruel,  hard,  illiberal. 

Mercy.  Compassion,  grace,  fa- 
vor, helpfulness,  clemency,  for- 
bearance, tenderness,  forgive- 
ness, gentleness,  pardon,  bless- 
ing, pity,  kindness,  mildness, 
lenity,  benevolence,  benignity, 
lenience,  leniency. 

ANT.  Harshness,  rigor,  se- 
verity, sternness,  penalty,  jus- 
tice, vengeance,  revenge,  pun- 
ishment, hardness,  cruelty,  im- 
placability, ruthlessness,  inhu- 
manity, brutality,  exaction. 

Mere.  Unmixed,  pure,  absolute, 
unqualified,  simple,  bare,  un- 
affected; unadulterated. 

ANT.  Compound,  mixed,  im- 
pure, blended,  combined,  adul- 
terated. 

Meridian,  n.     Midday,  noon,  ze- 
nith, height,  culmination,  sum- 
mit, apex,  pinnacle,  acme. 
ANT.      Midnight,    antipodes, 


depth,  profundity,  base,  depres- 
sion, nadir. 

Merit,  n.  Desert,  worth,  excel- 
lence, reward,  approbation; 
worthiness,  credit,  goodness. 

ANT.  Worthlessness,  error, 
v.nworthiness,  demerit,  weak- 
ness, imperfection,  fault. 

Merry.  Gay,  jovial,  sportive; 
cheerful,  happy;  blithe,  lively, 
sprightly,  vivacious,  mirthful, 
gleeful,  joyous,  jocund,  hilari- 
ous. 

ANT.  Gloomy,  sad,  discon- 
solate, dismal,  moody,  dejected. 

Message.  Notice,  word,  com- 
munication, missive,  letter,  in- 
timation. 

ANT.  Interception,  silence, 
non-communication,  neglect. 

Messenger.  Carrier,  harbinger, 
intelligencer,  courier,  forerun- 
ner, herald,  precursor. 

Metaphysical.  Mental,  intel- 
lectual, psychological,  abstract, 
general,  ideal,  psychical,  sub« 
jective,  rational,  abstruse,  con- 
ceptual. 

ANT.  Physical,  substantial, 
physiological,  material,  practi- 
cal, objective,  palpable,  exter- 
nal. 

Method.  Order,  system,  rule, 
way,  manner,  mode,  course,  ar- 
rangement, process,  means,  reg- 
ularity. 

ANT.  Disorder,  experimen- 
tation, guesswork,  conjecture, 
attempt,  empiricism. 

Midst.  Middle,  center,  heart; 
thick;  press;  burden. 

ANT.  Circumference,  rim, 
surface,  border,  outside,  per- 
imeter. 

Mien.  Aspect,  manner,  bearing, 
look,  carriage,  deportment,  ap- 
pearance. 

ANT.  Character,  disposition, 
nature,  constitution,  personal- 
ity. 


[  204  ] 


mig] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[:nis 


Might.  Force,  energy,  power, 
means,  resources;  strength,  ca- 
pacity, ability. 

ANT.  Weakness,  feebleness, 
infirmity,  impotence;  inability, 
inefficiency,  incapability;  leant, 
lack. 

Mild.  Gentle,  pleasant,  clement, 
kind,  soft,  bland;  moderate, 
placid,  tender,  genial,  meek. 

ANT.  Harsh,  fierce,  savage, 
rough,  wild,  violent,  merciless, 
severe. 

Mind.  Understanding,  intellect, 
soul;  opinion,  judgment,  belief; 
choice,  inclination,  liking,  in- 
tent, will;  courage,  spirit;  re- 
membrance, memory,  recollec- 
tion; reason,  brain,  sense,  con- 
sciousness, disposition,  intelli- 
gence, thought,  instinct. 

ANT.  Body,  matter,  brute 
force,  braum,  limbs,  material 
substance,  members;  feelings, 
emotions,  heart,  affections,  sen- 
sibilities; conduct;  forgetful- 
ness,  obliviousness. 

Mindful.  Regardful,  attentive, 
heedful,  observant,  thoughtful, 
careful. 

ANT.  Inattentive,  regardless, 
careless,  forgetful,  oblivious, 
absent-minded. 

Mingle.  Combine,  join,  confuse, 
compound,  mix;  unite,  associ- 
ate; intermarry;  blend,  amal- 
gamate. 

ANT.  Separate,  sever,  segre- 
gate, dissolve,  sift,  sort,  classi- 
fy, analyze. 

Minister,  n.  Delegate,  official, 
ambassador;  clergyman,  priest, 
parson,  ecclesiastic,  preacher, 
divine,  vicar,  curate;  envoy. 

ANT.  Monarch,  master,  supe- 
rior, principal;  layman;  gov- 
ernment. 

Minor,  o.  Inferior,  less  impor- 
tant, smaller,  less,  junior,  un- 
important, younger. 


ANT.  Major,  greater,  older,, 
senior,  elder,  main,  important. 

Minute.  Small,  tiny,  slender, 
diminutive,  slight,  little;  pre- 
cise, particular,  detailed,  criti- 
cal, circumstantial,  exact,  fine, 
comminuted,  specific;  inconsid- 
erable; microscopic. 

ANT.  Monstrous,  great,  enor- 
mous, grand,  huge;  general,  ab" 
stract,  broad,  comprehensive; 
inexact,  superficial. 

Miraculous.  Supernatural,  su- 
per-physical; wonderful,  awe- 
some. 

ANT.  Natural,  ordinary,  sci- 
entific. 

Mis-.  A  prefix  used  in  the  sense 
of  amiss,  wrong,  ill.  Words  to 
which  this  prefix  but  adds  this 
meaning  are  omitted  here,  and 
their  synonyms  and  antonyms 
may  usually  be  readily  found 
by  reference  to  the  root  words. 

Misanthropy.  Cynicism,  hatred, 
egoism. 

ANT.  Philanthropy,  benevo- 
lence, altruism,  humanitarian- 
ism. 

Miscellany.  Mass,  mixture,  col- 
lection, medley,  jumble,  variety, 
hodge-podge,  diversity. 

ANT.  Selection,  si/stem,  ar- 
rangement, order,  group,  assort- 
ment, classification. 

Mischief.  Damage,  harm,  hurt, 
injury,  detriment,  evil,  ill ;  mia- 
hap,  trouble. 

ANT.  Benefit,  good,  blessing, 
profit,  gratification,  compensa- 
tion, favor. 

Miser.  Niggard,  skinflint,  cur- 
mudgeon, churl. 

ANT.  Spendthrift,  profli- 
gate. 

Miserable.  Abject,  forlorn,  pit- 
iable, wretched,  mean;  worth- 
less, despicable,  contemptible  \ 
unfortunate,  unlucky. 

ANT.      Comfortable,    happy, 


[  205  ] 


mis] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[mon 


respectable,    contented,    cheer- 
ful, easy. 

Misery.  Unhappiness,  wretch- 
edness, woe;  calamity,  disas- 
ter, misfortune. 

ANT.  Happiness,  content- 
ment, ease,  comfort,  pleasure, 
enjoyment. 

Misfortune.  Adversity,  failure, 
ill  luck,  hardship,  harm,  ill, 
affliction,  calamity,  blow,  dis- 
aster, disappointment,  trial, 
tribulation,  sorrow,  ruin,  dis- 
tress, stroke,  misery,  reverse, 
mischance,  visitation,  chasten- 
ing, trouble,  chastisement,  mis- 
adventure, bereavement,  mis- 
hap. 

ANT.  Consolation,  blessing, 
"boon,  happiness,  joy,  prosper- 
ity, relief,  triumph,  success, 
comfort,  good  fortune,  gratifi- 
cation, good  luck,  pleasure. 
Mission.  Message,  errand,  com- 
mission, deputation;  embassy; 
ministry,  legation;  trust,  office. 

ANT.  Assumption,  usurpa- 
tion, self -appointment ;  faith- 
lessness, betrayal. 
Mist.  Fog,  vapor;  obscuration, 
cloudiness,  perplexity,  bewil- 
derment, haze. 

ANT.  Clarity,  brightness; 
perspicuity,  revelation,  clear- 
ness, discernment,  insight,  un- 
derstanding; lucidity. 
Mob.  Rabble,  masses,  dregs  of 
the  people,  the  vulgar,  popu- 
lace, crowd,  canaille,  lower 
classes.  , 

ANT.    Elite,  aristocracy,  no- 
bility, nobles,  patricians. 
Mobile.     Movable,  excitable,  in- 
constant,    changeable,     fickle ; 
variable,  ductile,  sensitive. 

ANT.  Immovable,  firm,  set, 
steady,  unvarying,  unchange- 
able, inexorable. 

Model.  Mold,  copy,  design,  ex- 
ample, image,  imitation,  stan- 


dard, type,  representation,  pat* 
tern,  prototype,  facsimile,  orig- 
inal, archetype ;  norm. 

ANT.  Imitation;  work,  pro- 
duction, execution;  accom- 
plishment. 

Moderate,  a,.  Sparing,  temper- 
ate, frugal,  calm,  mild;  lim- 
ited, restrained,  reasonable ; 
dispassionate,  controlled ;  ab- 
stinent, sober;  austere,  ascetic. 
ANT.  Immoderate,  intemper- 
ate, luxurious,  excessive,  ex- 
travagant. 

Modern.  New,  novel,  modish, 
fashionable,  present,  late,  ex- 
tant, recent. 

ANT.  Past,  ancient,  anti- 
quated, old,  antique,  obsolete, 
former. 

Modesty.  Humility,  lowliness, 
humbleness,  meekness,  shyness, 
reserve,  coldness,  bashfulness, 
backwardness,  constraint,  ti- 
midity, unobtrusiveness,  coy- 
ness. 

ANT.  Frankness,  freedom, 
impudence,  indiscretion,  self- 
conceit,  sauciness,  abandon,  ar- 
rogance, confidence,  egoism,  as- 
sumption, assurance,  boldness, 
forioardness,  haughtiness,  lo- 
quacity, pertness,  pride,  van- 
ity, self -sufficiency,  openness, 
effrontery. 

Moment.  Instant,  twinkling, 
consequence,  weight,  consider- 
ation, force,  value,  significa- 
tion, avail ;  second,  trice. 

ANT.  Age,  period,  decade, 
century,  generation;  insignifi- 
cance, unimportance,  trivial- 
ity. 

Monarch.       Ruler,      sovereign ; 
king,  prince,  emperor,  queen. 
ANT.     Subject,  peer,  plebes. 

Money.  Coin,  cash,  currency, 
gold,  funds,  property,  specie, 
silver,  bills,  bullion,  notes,  cap- 
ital. 


[  208  ] 


mon] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


Monopoly.  Exclusivenesa,  pos- 
session, privilege,  appropria- 
tion, engrossment,  preemption. 
ANT.  Community,  partner- 
ship, competition,  free  trade; 
participation,  sharing;  com- 
munism ;  socialism. 

Monotonous.  Unvarying,  uni- 
form, wearisome,  dull,  tedious, 
same,  unison,  humdrum,  undi- 
versified;  similar,  like. 

ANT.  Varied,  changed,  di- 
versified; harmonic;  lively;  di- 
vergent, variant. 

Monster.  Prodigy,  enormity, 
marvel,  portent ;  monstrosity, 
wonder;  demon,  fiend,  dragon, 
sphinx,  colossus,  leviathan ; 
ogre. 

ANT.  Pigmy,  dwarf,  elf;  an- 
gel, beauty,  cherub. 

Monstrous.  Abnormal,  extraor- 
dinary, prodigious,  portentous, 
marvelous,  unnatural ;  vast, 
immense,  colossal,  stupendous; 
shocking,  horrible,  hateful,  ter- 
rible, hideous. 

ANT.  Beautiful,  small,  rea- 
sonable, little,  shapely,  regular, 
fair,  pretty,  comely;  ordinary, 
familiar,  natural;  charming, 
lovely. 

Moral,  a.  Dutiful,  right,  virtu- 
ous, just,  worthy,  ethical ;  in- 
tellectual, spiritual,  religious, 
pious,  righteous,  ideal. 

ANT.  Immoral,  wrong,  sin- 
ful, unjust,  unworthy,  vicious, 
gross;  irreligious,  impious,  sen- 
sual; physical,  bodily,  carnal. 

Moreover.  Besides,  further,  in 
addition;  also,  likewise,  in  ad- 
dition to. 

ANT.    Finally,  lastly. 

Morose.  Gruff,  gloomy,  crusty, 
crabbed,  acrimonious,  severe, 
snappish,  sullen,  surly,  churl- 
ish, dogged,  ill-humored,  ill- 
natured,  sulky. 
ANT.  Bland,  gentle,  benig- 


nant, good-natured,  kind,  lov- 
ing, pleasant,  sympathetic,  ge- 
nial, amiable,  friendly,  tender, 
indulgent,  complaisant,  mild. 

Mortal.  Deathlike;  deadly,  de- 
structive, poisonous ;  vulner- 
able, vital;  human,  perishable, 
ephemeral,  transient,  transi- 
tory. 

ANT.  Immortal,  undying, 
everlasting,  eternal,  divine,  ce- 
lestial, life-fjiving,  perennial. 

Motherly.  Maternal,  mother- 
like,  parental;  kind,  loving,  af- 
fectionate. 

ANT.  Paternal,  fatherlike, 
fatherly;  harsh,  unloving,  un- 
kind, hateful. 

Motion.  Movement,  change,  ac- 
tion, act,  passage,  move,  proc- 
ess, transit,  transition. 

ANT.  Quiescence,  quiet,  rest, 
repose,  stillness,  immobility. 

Motive.  Incentive,  incitement, 
inducement,  reason,  spur,  stim- 
ulus, cause;  object,  purpose; 
argument,  conviction;  impulse, 
prompting. 

ANT.  Deed,  achievement,  ex- 
ecution, action,  attempt,  pro- 
ject; deflector,  preventive,  dis- 
suasion, deterrent. 

Mourn.  Lament,  grieve,  regret, 
rue,  bewail,  sorrow. 

ANT.  Exult,  joy,  rejoice,  be 
joyful,  triumph,  make  merry. 

Mournful.  Lugubrious,  heavy, 
sad,  sorrowful,  grievous,  ca- 
lamitous. 

ANT.  Joyful,  jubilant,  glad- 
some, cheerful,  happy,  pleas- 
ant, joyous. 

Move.  Stir,  agitate,  trouble,  af- 
fect, persuade,  actuate,  impel, 
prompt,  instigate,  incite,  offer, 
induce. 

ANT.  Stop,  stay,  arrest,  pre- 
vent, deter;  calm,  appease,  de- 
flect. 

Movement.       Motion ;     compul- 


[  207  ] 


Tame] 


SYNONYMS   AND  ANTONYMS 


[myt 


sion,  stimulation,  incitement, 
agitation,  arousing,  instiga- 
tion. 

ANT.  Stoppage,  stay,  pause, 
calm,  quiet. 

Much.  Great;  long;  consider- 
able; abundant;  far;  ample, 
plenteous. 

ANT.  Little,  small,  scarce, 
few,  scanty,  near;  narrow. 

Multiplication.  Teeming,  mul- 
tiplicity, multitude,  increase, 
plurality,  reproduction,  aug- 
mentation, swarming,  multifa- 
riousness,  multitudinousness. 

ANT.  Diminution,  division, 
subtraction,  reduction;  extinc- 
tion; rarity,  scantiness;  unity, 
singularity. 

Multitude.  Throng,  crowd,  as- 
sembly, assemblage,  common- 
alty, swarm,  populace;  host, 
rabble,  mob,  concourse. 

ANT.  Individual,  solitude; 
aristocracy;  oligarchy;  scanti- 
ness, paucity,  scarcity. 

Mundane.  Worldly,  terrestrial, 
earthly;  sublunary;  secular, 
temporal. 

ANT.  Unworldly,  spiritual, 
celestial,  eternal,  supramun- 
dane,  stellar,  solar,  lunar. 

Munificent.       Bounteous,    boun- 
tiful, liberal,  generous;  benefi- 
cent, free,  lavish,  extravagant. 
ANT.     Small,  niggardly,  sav- 
ing, sparing,  mean,  close. 

Musical.  Melodious,  harmoni- 
ous, tuneful,  symphonious,  mel- 
lifluous, rhythmical. 


ANT.  Discordant,  inharmo- 
nious, harsh,  raucous,  unmelo- 
dious. 

Mute.  Silent,  dumb,  speechless; 
voiceless;  still,  unpronounced ; 
unresponsive;  taciturn. 

ANT.  Talkative,  chattering, 
garrulous,  vocal,  speaking,  lo- 
quacious, loud,  noisy. 
Mutual.  Common,  correlative, 
reciprocal,  joint,  interchange- 
able. 

ANT.  Detached,  distinct, 
disunited,  separate,  severed, 
sundered,  unshared,  unrecipro- 
cated, unrequited,  disconnected. 
Mysterious.  Abstruse,  enigmat- 
ical, dark,  mystical,  occult,  ob- 
scure, secret,  transcendental, 
unknown,  unfathomable,  mys- 
tic, hidden,  inexplicable,  in- 
scrutable, cabalistic,  incom- 
prehensible, recondite. 

ANT.  Clear,  plain,  appar- 
ent, manifest,  bright,  light,  ex- 
plainable, simple,  comprehen- 
sible, obvious,  easy,  revealed, 
understood. 

Mystic.  Unknowable,  obscure, 
mysterious ;  allegorical,  enig- 
matical ;  transcendental ;  ca- 
balistic, symbolical. 

ANT.  Familiar,  simple,  or- 
dinary,  commonplace,  obvious, 
plain. 

Myth.  Fable,  tradition,  legend; 
parable,  invention,  fiction,  alle- 
gory; falsehood,  lie. 

ANT.  Truth,  fact,  historyt 
narrative,  incident. 


[  208  ] 


nab] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[nau 


N 


Nabob.       Millionaire,      Croesus, 
viceroy,  governor,  Dives. 
ANT.     Beggar,  suppliant. 

Naked.  Nude,  bare;  defense- 
less, unprotected,  destitute ; 
manifest,  undisguised;  simple, 
mere,  plain;  unclothed,  un- 
draped,  denuded ;  uncolored,  un- 
varnished. 

ANT.  Robed,  draped,  veiled, 
dressed,  shrouded,  muffled;  pro- 
tected, sheltered;  colored,  var- 
nished, qualified. 

Name,  n.  Appellation,  denomi- 
nation, cognomen,  designation, 
surname,  title,  style,  epithet. 

Name,  v.  Call,  indicate,  desig- 
nate, specify,  mention,  denomi- 
nate, style,  nominate. 

ANT.  Miscall,  misname,  mis- 
indicate;  be  nameless  or  anony- 
mous; hint,  suggest,  shadow, 
intimate,  imply. 

Narrate.  Relate,  tell,  recount, 
describe,  detail,  rehearse,  re- 
port, recite. 

ANT.  Misrepresent,  mistake; 
suppress,  conceal. 

Narrative.  Narration,  recital, 
account,  rehearsal,  relation, 
description,  story,  tale,  his- 
tory. 

Narrow.  Not  wide,  straitened, 
limited,  without  margin;  big- 
oted, illiberal ;  parsimonious, 
niggardly,  selfish ;  close,  scruti- 
nizing, exact;  slender,  spare, 
thin,  contracted,  cramped. 

ANT.  Wide,  broad,  ample, 
expanded,  thick ;  generous,  be- 
nevolent; unlimited;  liberal. 

Nascent.  Embryo,  rudimental, 
budding,  incipient. 

ANT.  O-rown,  developed,  ma- 
ture;  aged;  confirmed,  set. 

Nasty.      Filthy,  foul,  dirty,  of- 


fensive, damp,  disgusting,  dis- 
agreeable, wet;  indecent,  ob- 
scene. 

ANT.  Pleasant,  sweet,  agree- 
able, savory,  nice,  pure. 

Nation.  People,  race,  stock; 
realm,  community,  state,  com- 
monwealth. 

Native.  Innate,  natal,  natural, 
original,  indigenous. 

ANT.  Alien,  artificial,  for- 
eign, unnatural,  acquired,  as- 
sumed. 

Natural.  Native;  essential,  nor- 
mal, regular,  intrinsic,  cosmi- 
cal,  spontaneous,  original,  art- 
less, ingenuous;  kind,  affec- 
tionate; genuine,  unaffected. 

ANT.  Abnormal,  monstrous, 
unnatural,  improbable,  adven- 
titious, fictitious,  coarse;  art- 
ful, affected. 

Nature.  Creation,  universe;  es- 
sence, constitution;  kind,  sort, 
character,  quality;  temper,  dis- 
position, mood;  mind,  intelli- 
gence; vitality. 

ANT.  Thing,  subject,  object, 
man,  being,  creature,  monstros- 
ity, unnaturalness  ;  art,  fiction, 
romance,  invention. 

Naught.     Nothing,  cipher,  zero. 
ANT.     Anything,  everything, 
aught. 

Naughty.  Mischievous,  per- 
verse, f reward;  bad,  corrupt, 
worthless,  good-for-nothing;  re- 
fractory, wicked. 

ANT.  Good,  worthy,  well- 
behaved,  tractable,  pure,  docile, 
innocent. 

Nausea.  Seasickness,  loathing, 
disgust,  qualm ;  repugnance, 
aversion. 

ANT.  Enjoyment,  taste,  de- 
light, relish. 


209  ] 


nau] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[neg 


Nautical.  Marine,  maritime,  na- 
val, oceanic. 

Near,  ad.  Nigh,  not  remote,  al- 
most, nearly,  well-nigh,  inti- 
mately, closely. 

Near,  a.  Nigh,  close,  adjacent, 
adjoining,  approximate;  immi- 
nent, impending,  forthcoming, 
approaching;  familiar,  dear,  in- 
timate; immediate;  literal,  ac- 
curate; narrow,  parsimonious; 
short ;  proximate,  contiguous, 
present,  ready. 

ANT.  Distant,  remote,  far; 
reserved,  uncordial,  cool,  stiff; 
indistinct,  obscure,  future. 

Nearly.     Almost,  well-nigh,  inti- 
mately, closely,  approximately. 
ANT.      Quite,    entirely,    dis- 
tantly, remotely. 

Neat.  Trim,  tidy,  prim,  precise, 
spruce,  clean,  cleanly,  orderly, 
natty,  dapper,  nice. 

ANT.  Negligent,  slack,  slov- 
enly, slouchy,  dirty,  soiled,  dis- 
orderly, dowdy,  untidy,  rough, 
unkempt,  rude,  uncared  for. 

Necessary.  Essential,  inevitable, 
needful,  infallible,  undeniable, 
indispensable,  required,  requi- 
site, unavoidable. 

ANT.  Optional,  useless,  con- 
tingent, worthless,  casual,  non- 
essential,  needless. 

Necessitate.  Force,  compel,  co- 
erce, make  necessary,  oblige, 
constrain,  make,  drive,  impel. 

ANT.  Persuade,  convince,  in- 
duce, tempt,  coax,  allure;  liber- 
ate, release. 

Necessity.  Need,  requirement, 
want,  compulsion,  fate,  fatal- 
ity, requisite,  destiny,  essential, 
emergency,  extremity,  exigency, 
indispensableness,  urgency,  un- 
avoidableness,  sine  qua  non. 

ANT.  Choice,  contingency, 
doubt,  option,  freedom,  uncer- 
tainty, fortuity,  doubtfulness, 
dubiousness,  possibility. 


Need.  Exigency,  emergency,  ex- 
tremity, strait,  distress,  indi- 
gence, penury. 

ANT.  Competence,  affluence, 
choice,  wealth,  luxury,  pro- 
fuseness;  superfluity,  useless- 
ness,  dispensableness ;  casualty, 
accident;  contingency,  free- 
dom. 

Needful.  Requisite,  needy,  ne- 
cessitous, distressful,  essential, 
indispensable. 

ANT.  Contingent,  casual,  un- 
necessary, unessential,  discre- 
tional, optional,  needless. 
Needless.  Unnecessary,  useless, 
superfluous,  groundless,  gratui- 
tous. 

ANT.  Needful,  useful,  help- 
ful, obligatory. 

Nefarious.  Wicked,  abominable, 
iniquitous,  execrable,  atrocious, 
impious. 

ANT.     Noble,  honorable,  ad- 
mirable,  laudable;   benevolentt 
generous,  humane. 
Negation.       Denial,    disavowal, 
disclaimer,  contradiction. 

ANT.  Assertion,  declarationt 
deposition,  avowal,  affirma- 
tion, allegation,  protestation, 
claim. 

Negative,  a.  Denying,  indirect, 
unaffirmative,  privative,  dis- 
claiming. 

ANT.  Positive,  direct,  asser- 
tive, attributive,  affirmative,  de- 
clarative. 

Neglect,  n.  Negligence,  failure, 
omission,  disregard,  oversight, 
indifference,  remissness,  slight, 
thoughtlessness,  slackness,  de- 
fault, carelessness,  disrespect, 
heedlessnesa,  inadvertence,  in- 
attention, scorn. 

ANT.  Care,  attention,  notice, 
regard,  esteem,  consideration, 
respect. 

Negotiate.  Transfer,  sell,  pass, 
arrange,  treat,  bargain,  trade, 


[  210  ] 


nei] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[nob 


communicate,    transact,    effect, 
perform. 

ANT.  Stop,  quash,  misman- 
age, misconduct. 

Neighborly.  Kind,  civil,  social, 
friendly,  near,  adjoining,  adja- 
cent, neighboring,  friendly,  at- 
tentive. 

ANT.  Individual,  solitary, 
personal,  distant,  remote,  un- 
kind, uncivil,  unfriendly. 

Nerve.  Steadiness,  firmness,  for- 
titude, self-command,  resolu- 
tion, strength,  courage,  pluck, 
endurance,  coolness,  presence 
of  mind. 

ANT.  Weakness,  cowardice, 
timidity,  feebleness,  nerveless- 
ness. 

Nervous.  Excitable,  agitated, 
annoyed,  irritable,  weak,  fear- 
ful ;  strong,  vigorous,  spirited, 
nervy,  forceful. 

ANT.  Self-possessed,  self- 
controlled,  poised,  calm,  com- 
posed; dull,  inert,  phlegmatic, 
sluggish. 

Neutral.  Neuter,  undecided,  in- 
different, unpronounced,  unin- 
terfering,  negative,  impartial, 
unavowed,  unaffiliated. 

ANT.  Interested,  interfering, 
positive,  partial,  active,  allied, 
avowed,  declared. 

Neutralize.  Render  neutral,  in- 
validate, counteract,  counter- 
balance, countervail,  render  in- 
operative. 

ANT.  Enhance,  intensify,  ag- 
gravate. 

New.  Fresh,  modern,  novel,  late, 
recent,  juvenile,  upstart,  young, 
new-fangled,  youthful,  new- 
fashioned. 

ANT.  Old,  antique,  ancient, 
old-fashioned,  aged,  elderly. 

News.  Information,  tidings,  in- 
telligence, advice,  word,  report, 
account,  announcement,  ru- 
mor. 


ANT.  Ignorance,  silence,  non- 
publication,  suppression;  mis- 
intelligence,  misreport. 
Nice.  Exquisite,  accurate,  cor- 
rect, precise,  particular,  punc- 
tilious, squeamish,  tinical,  ef- 
feminate, silly,  exact,  critical, 
definite,  strict,  fastidious,  cau- 
tious, scrupulous ;  discerning, 
discriminating;  fine,  minute, 
refined,  delicate,  dainty,  pleas- 
ant, agreeable. 

ANT.  Coarse,  rude,  rough, 
inaccurate,  blind,  undiscrimi- 
nating,  unscrupulous,  incau- 
tious, undiscerning,  careless, 
negligent,  disagreeable,  nau- 
seous. 

Nicety.  Fastidiousness,  accur- 
acy, scrupulousness,  delicacy, 
precision,  daintiness,  subtlety, 
distinction,  exactness. 

ANT.  Coarseness,  roughness, 
inaccuracy,  rudeness. 
Niggardly.  Avaricious,  covet- 
ous, parsimonious,  miserly, 
sordid,  sparing,  penurious, 
stingy. 

ANT.  Generous,  bountiful, 
copious,  ample,  profuse,  abun- 
dant, bounteous,  plentiful,  mu- 
nificent. 

Nimble.  Alert,  brisk,  bustling, 
lively,  prompt,  quick,  speedy, 
swift,  spry,  agile,  sprightly,  ac- 
tive. 

ANT.  Clumsy,  dilatory,  dull, 
heavy,  inert,  inactive,  slow,  un- 
ready, sluggish. 

Nobility.  Greatness,  dignity,  su- 
periority, nobleness,  eminence, 
elevation,  worthiness;  family, 
rank,  title,  birth;  aristocracy, 
peerage,  patrician  class. 

ANT.  Obscurity,  meanness, 
serfdom,  paltriness,  plebeian- 
ism  . 

Noble.  Honorable,  worthy,  dig- 
nified, elevated,  superior,  sub- 
lime, great,  eminent,  stately. 


[  211   ] 


nob] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[not 


generous,  liberal,  free,  aristo- 
cratic, patrician,  illustrious, 
grand,  lordly,  renowned,  mag- 
nificent, knightly. 

ANT.  Ignoble,  plebeian,  pal- 
try, vulgar,  base-born,  low-born, 
rustic,  peasant,  contemptible, 
unworthy,  mean. 

Nobody.  No  person,  no  one,  not 
anybody,  cipher,  nonentity. 

ANT.     Somebody,  notability, 
celebrity,  colossus,  star. 
Nocturnal.  Nightly,  dark,  tene- 
brose,  gloomy. 

ANT.  Dally,  diurnal,  solar, 
brilliant,  light. 

Noise.  Cry,  outcry,  clamor,  din, 
clatter,  uproar;  rumor,  report, 
rattle,  tumult. 

ANT.  Music,  melody,  har- 
mony; silence,  hush,  stillness, 
voicelessness. 

Noiseless.  Silent,  quiet,  inau- 
dible. 

ANT.  Noisy,  uproarious,  tur- 
bulent, clamorous,  boisterous, 
brawling,  tumultuous,  loud. 
Noisome.  Noxious,  insalubrious, 
unwholesome,  mischievous,  de- 
structive, nocuous,  hurtful,  pes- 
tilential, harmful. 

ANT.      Wholesome,  salutary, 
salubrious,  beneficial. 
Noisy.      Loud,  clamorous,  stun- 
ning, boisterous,  turbulent. 

ANT.  Noiseless,  subdued,  in- 
audible, whispering;  melodious, 
tuneful. 

Nominal.  Literal,  verbal,  titu- 
lar; formal,  avowed,  pretended, 
ostensible,  supposititious. 

ANT.    Veritable,  essential,  in- 
trinsic, actual,  substantial,  im- 
portant, real,  serious,  true. 
Nominate.      Name,   specify,  ap- 
point, designate,  entitle. 

ANT.    Suggest,  icithdraw,  re- 
ject,  indicate,   cancel,   deprive, 
recall. 
Nonsense.      Folly,  silliness,  ab- 


surdity,   trash,   inanity,   plati- 
tude, pretense. 

ANT.  Sense,  msdom,  fact, 
truth,  gravity,  reason,  science. 

Normal.  Regular,  ordinary^  nat- 
ural,  standard,  usual,  typical, 
recognized,  common. 

ANT.  Exceptional,  abnormal, 
uncommon,  singular,  unusual, 
monstrous,  irregular,  peculiar, 
rare,  unprecedented,  remark- 
able, unnatural. 

Notable.  Plain,  evident,  noted, 
noticeable,  distinguished,  mem- 
orable, extraordinary,  conspicu- 
ous, manifest;  notorious. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  mean,  com,' 
monplace,  everyday,  undistin- 
guished, unimpressive,  insig- 
nificant. 

Note.  Memorandum,  comment, 
remark,  record,  scholium;  ac- 
count, catalogue,  bill ;  heed,  ob- 
servation; reputation,  distinc- 
tion, celebrity,  fame,  repute,  re- 
nown. 

ANT.  Misindicction,  misrep- 
resentation, misleader. 

Notice,  n.  Observation,  regard, 
cognizance,  information,  advice, 
news,  intelligence,  intimation, 
announcement,  premonition,  in- 
struction, warning,  attention, 
consideration. 

ANT.  Oversight,  disregard, 
neglect,  slight,  ignorance,  con- 
nivance, omission,  hecdlessness, 
m  isinforma  tion. 

Notice,  v.  Mark,  observe,  note, 
heed,  regard,  perceive,  see,  re- 
mark, mention,  comment  on,  at- 
tend, mind. 

ANT.  Overlook,  disregard, 
misjudge,  neglect. 

Notification.  Information,  no- 
tice, declaration,  publication, 
announcement,  advertisement. 

Notify.  Intimate,  declare,  pub- 
lish, announce,  acquaint,  warn, 
apprise,  communicate,  inform. 


[  212  ] 


not] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[nur 


ANT.  Withhold,  conceal,  sup- 
press, misinform,  misreport. 

Notion.  Idea,  conception,  appre- 
hension, sentiment,  judgment, 
opinion,  belief,  impression,  esti- 
mation, conceit,  conviction. 

ANT.  Misconception,  misap- 
prehension, frustration,  falsifi- 
cation. 

Notorious.  Distinguished,  con- 
spicuous, remarkable,  famous, 
celebrated,  noted,  renowned. 

ANT.  Suspected,  reputed,  re- 
ported. 

Notwithstanding,  conj.  Still, 
however,  although,  but,  never- 
theless, howbeit,  yet,  though. 

Notwithstanding,  prep.  De- 
spite, in  spite  of. 

Nourish.  Feed,  foster,  cherish, 
nurse,  tend,  support,  maintain, 
train,  educate,  promote. 

ANT.  Starve,  blight,  destroy, 
kUL 

Nourishment.  Nutrition,  nutri- 
ment, food,  aliment,  provision, 
sustenance. 

ANT.  Poison,  venom,  bane, 
starvation,  exhaustion. 

Novel,  a.  New,  recent,  modern, 
fresh,  stransre,  uncommon,  rare, 
unusual,  fantastic,  odd,  upstart, 
new-fangl 

ANT.  1'eneroblc,  ancient,  old- 
fashion  ed,  time- /; onored. 

Noxious.  Noisome,  injurious, 
hurtful,  pernicious,  unwhole- 
some, deadly,  poisonous. 

ANT.  H'.'.'o/rsowe,  salutary, 
beneficial,  healthful,  salubri- 
ous. 

Nucleus.     Kernel,  core,  center. 

ANT.  Exterior,  face,  appear- 
ance. 

Nudity.  Nakedness,  exposure. 
bareness. 

ANT.  Clothing,  dress,  vest- 
ment, drapery. 

Nugatory.  Trifling,  vain,  insig- 
nificant, futile,  ineffectual,  un- 


availing, trivial,  worthless,  use- 
less, null. 

ANT.  Important,  potent,  mo- 
mentous, efficacious,  successful, 
grave,  serious,  satisfactory. 

Nuisance.  Annoyance,  plague, 
pest,  affliction,  bane,  trouble. 

ANT.  Pleasure,  delight,  ben- 
efit, blessing,  gratification. 

Nullify.  Revoke,  annul,  cancel, 
abolish,  render  void,  abrogate, 
neutralize,  repeal. 

ANT.  Enact,  confirm,  per- 
petuate,  establish,  stabilitate. 

Numb.  Enfeebled,  destitute,  tor- 
pid, benumbed,  insensible,  par- 
alyzed, deadened. 

ANT.  Alive,  alert,  sensitive, 
keen,  lively,  animated,  atten- 
tive. 

Number,  n.  Aggregation,  multi- 
tude, collection,  numeral,  nu- 
merous, quantity. 

ANT.  Scarcity,  feioness,  pau- 
city. 

Number,  v.  Count,  enumerate, 
calculate,  tell,  compute,  reckon, 
estimate. 

ANT.  Guess,  hazard,  conjec- 
ture; lump,  mass. 

Numberless.  Innumerable,  in- 
finite, countless. 

ANT.  Few,  scarce,  rare,  infre- 
quent. 

Numerous.  Many,  abundant,  di- 
verse, multifarious,  manifold, 
sundry. 

ANT.  Few,  scarce,  rare,  in- 
frequent. 

Nuptial.  Wedding,  marriage, 
hymeneal,  espousal,  connubial, 
bridal. 

ANT.    Bachelor,  virgin. 

Nurse,  v.  Nourish,  cherish,  fos- 
ter, attend,  manage,  train,  edu- 
cate, teach,  feed,  nurture. 

ANT.  Starve,  kill,  destroy; 
neglect. 

Nurture.  Nourish,  nurse,  tend, 
cherish,  educate,  train,  feed. 


[  213  ] 


nut] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[obi 


ANT.     Neglect,  deprive,  dis- 
regard, slight. 

Nutriment.  Aliment,  food,  sus- 
tenance, nourishment,  susten- 
tation,  subsistence,  nutri- 
tion. 


ANT.  Starvation,  detriment, 
exhaustion,  poison,  decay,  in- 
anition. 

Nutrition.     Nutriment,  feeding, 
sustentation. 

ANT.    Poison,  venom. 


Oath.  Curse,  imprecation,  pro- 
fanity, swearing,  adjuration, 
affidavit,  anathema,  ban,  blas- 
phemy, denunciation,  execra- 
tion, malediction,  vow,  repro- 
bation, sworn  statement. 

ANT.  Blessing,  benediction, 
benison. 

Obdurate.  Firm,  unbending,  in- 
flexible, unyielding,  obstinate, 
stubborn,  impenitent,  callous, 
unfeeling,  insensible. 

ANT.  Yielding,  teachable, 
tender,  docile,  amenable,  flex- 
ible, toftened. 

Obedience.  Submission,  duty, 
compliance,  respect,  dutiful- 
ness,  subservience. 

ANT.     Resistance,   rebellion, 

r  transgression,  disobedience,  an- 
tagonism, insubordination. 

Obedient.  Dutiful,  respectful, 
compliant,  submissive,  humble, 
yielding,  obsequious,  modest, 
docile. 

ANT.  Disrespectful,  unduti- 
ful,  arrogant,  hard,  unyielding, 
obstinate,  obdurate,  stubborn. 

Obesity.  Fatness,  corpulence, 
fleshiness,  corpulency. 

ANT.    Leanness,  thinness. 

Obey.     Submit,  yield,  comply. 
ANT.    Resist,  refuse,  disobey. 

Object,  n.  Reality,  fact,  exis- 
tence, phenomenon;  aim,  inten- 
tion, end,  purpose,  appearance, 
motive,  design,  sight,  view,  goal. 
ANT.  Subject,  idea,  fancy, 
conception. 


Objective.  Outward,  external, 
extrinsic,  concrete,  universal, 
actual,  positive,  real. 

ANT.  Subjective,  intrinsic, 
abstract,  notional. 

Oblation.      Offering,  gift,  sacri- 
fice, contribution,  presentation. 
ANT.      Spoliation,    sacrilege, 
withholding,  refusal. 

Obligation.  Responsibility,  en- 
gagement, contract,  agreement, 
bond,  covenant,  stipulation,  ne- 
cessity, debt,  duty,  compul- 
sion. 

ANT.  Choice,  freedom,  as- 
surance, promise,  declaration, 
intention. 

Oblige.  Bind,  please,  gratify, 
accommodate,  favor,  constrain, 
compel,  force,  coerce,  benefit, 
necessitate,  obligate. 

ANT.  Release,  acquit;  per- 
suade, induce ;  annoy,  disoblige. 

Obliging.  Civil,  courteous,  com- 
plaisant, kind,  considerate,  ac- 
commodating, compliant. 

ANT.  Discourteous,  incon- 
siderate, rude,  disobliging,  un- 
accommodating. 

Oblique.  Indirect,  slanting,  in- 
clined, perverse,  disingenuous, 
diagonal,  divergent,  angular. 

ANT.  Straightforward,  rec- 
tilineal. 

Oblivion.  Forgetfulness,  disre- 
membrance. 

ANT.  Memory,  reminiscence, 
remembrance,  recollection,  cel- 
ebration, commemoration. 


[  214  J 


obi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[obs 


Obloquy.  Censure,  odium,  con- 
tumely, reproach,  gainsaying, 
reviling,  calumny,  slander,  de- 
traction. 

ANT.      Praise,    acclamation, 
encomium,  panegyric. 
Obnoxious.      Odious,    detrimen- 
tal,   blameworthy,    pernicious, 
offensive. 

ANT.  Pleasant,  grateful,  in- 
dependent, wholesome,  benefi- 
cial, salutary. 

Obscure,  a.  Abstruse,  deep,  in- 
volved, difficult,  hidden,  pro- 
found, mysterious,  ambiguous, 
unintelligible,  cloudy,  complex, 
complicated,  dark,  darksome, 
dense,  dim.  doubtful,  intricate, 
dusky,  indistinct,  enigmatical, 
incomprehensible,  muddy,  tur- 
bid, shadowy,  misty,  unknown, 
secluded,  unascertained,  re- 
mote. 

ANT.  Clear,  luminous,  dis- 
tinct, lucid,  plain,  plain-spoken, 
intelligible,  prominent,  emi- 
nent. 

Obsequious.  Servile,  cringing, 
fawning,  compliant,  submissive, 
deferential,  sycophantic,  flatter- 
ing. 

ANT.  Impudent,  self-asser- 
tive, independent,  arrogant,  in- 
submissive,  haughty,  proud. 
Observance.  Observation,  heed- 
ing, form,  practice,  custom,  at- 
tention, celebration,  ceremony, 
performance. 

ANT.  Inobservance,  inatten- 
tion, disuse,  disregard,  disre- 
spect, omission,  unceremonious- 
ness, informality. 
Observant.  Observing,  watch- 
ful, attentive,  regardful,  obe- 
dient, mindful,  careful,  heed- 
ful. 

ANT.      Unmindful,    disobedi- 
ent, disregardful,  heedless. 
Observation.    Contemplation,  re- 
mark, study,  notice,  view,  con- 


clusion,   judgment,    attention, 
comment,  note,  observance. 

ANT.  Inattention,  oversight, 
silence,  ignorance,  inadver- 
tence. 

Observe.  Remark,  note,  watch, 
heed,  see,  discover,  attend,  com- 
ment. 

ANT.  Overlook,  misconceive, 
misunderstand. 

Obsolete.  Disused,  ancient,  ne- 
glected, antiquated,  archaic,  ef- 
fete, past,  old-fashioned,  old, 
rare,  obsolescent. 

ANT.  Fashionable,  modern, 
current,  customary,  new,  novel, 
extant. 

Obstacle.  Impediment,  obstruc- 
tion, difficulty,  hindrance,  bar- 
rier, check. 

ANT.  Course,  proceeding,  ca- 
reer, advancement,  progress. 
Obstinacy.  Pertinacity,  firm- 
ness, resoluteness,  inflexibility, 
persistency,  perverseness,  con- 
tumacy. 

ANT.  Flexibility,  docility, 
complaisance. 

Obstinate.  Perverse,  obdurate, 
intractable,  determined,  stub- 
born, resolved,  resolute,  inflex- 
ible, unyielding,  intractable,  in- 
domitable, unflinching,  contu- 
macious, decided,  dogged,  mul- 
ish, heady,  headstrong,  fixed, 
firm,  immovable,  opinionated, 
persistent,  pertinacious,  refrac- 
tory, unconquerable. 

ANT.  Pliant,  docile,  submis- 
sive, dutiful,  gentle,  obedient, 
compliant,  tractable,  yielding, 
amenable,  complaisant,  irreso- 
lute, wavering,  undecided,  pli- 
able, teachable. 

Obstruct.  Bar,  barricade,  hin- 
der, oppose,  impede,  stay,  stop, 
arrest,  check,  embarrass,  clog, 
choke,  retard,  interrupt. 

ANT.  Aid,  facilitate,  accel- 
erate, forward,  promote,  clear, 


[  215  ] 


obs] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[off 


advance,   open,   pave   the  way 
for,  further,  free,  expedite. 

Obstruction.  Obstacle,  barrier, 
bar,  impediment,  check,  clog, 
hindrance. 

ANT.  Course,  proceeding,  ad- 
vancement, progress,  career. 

Obtain.  Attain,  gain,  procure, 
acquire,  earn,  win. 

ANT.  Lose,  forfeit,  surren- 
der, forego. 

Obtrude.  Intrude,  force,  inter- 
fere, thrust. 

ANT.  Suggest,  hint,  insinu- 
ate; retire,  withdraw. 

Obtuse.  Blunt,  dull,  stupid,  un- 
intelligent, stolid. 

ANT.  Keen,  quick,  sharp,  in- 
telligent, acute,  clever. 

Obverse.     Opposite,  facing. 
ANT.    Hinder,  reverse. 

Obvious.  Opposing;  plain,  evi- 
dent, clear,  manifest,  apparent, 
discovered,  perceived,  open,  ex- 
plicit, patent. 

ANT.  Remote,  obscure,  far- 
fetched, involved,  latent. 

Occasion,  v.  Cause,  produce, 
create,  induce,  originate,  fur- 
nish, compose,  constitute,  gen 
erate. 

Occasionally.  Sometimes,  casu- 
ally, rarely. 

ANT.  A I  ways,  constantly, 
regularly,  frequently. 

Occult.  Secrot,  concealed,  hid- 
den, unknown,  invisible,  latent, 
eclipsed,  unrevealed,  mysteri- 
ous. 

ANT.  Developed,  plain,  ex- 
posed, patent,  clear,  familiar, 
open. 

Occupancy.  Possession,  occupa- 
tion, tenurv. 

ANT.  Kriction,  ejection,  dis 
possession. 

Occupation.  Occupancy,  avoca- 
tion, employment,  engagement 
vocation,  calling,  office,  trade. 


profession. 


ANT.  Idleness,  leisure,  va- 
cancy, vacation,  abandonment, 
resignation. 

Occupy.  Possess,  hold,  employ, 
fill. 

ANT.     Abandon,  release,  de- 
sert, surrender,  vacate,  concede, 
Occur.      Happen,    appear,   meet, 
befall,  betide,  take  place. 

ANT.  Threaten,  pass,  im- 
pend. 

Occurrence.  Event,  happening, 
incident,  affair,  adventure,  cir- 
cumstance, transaction,  episode. 

ANT.  Cause,  antecedent,  in- 
ducement, predisposition,  ten- 
dency, contribution. 
Odd.  Quaint,  unmatched,  queer, 
unusual,  eccentric,  fantastical, 
droll,  comical,  singular,  pecul- 
iar. 

ANT.  Common,  usual,  regu- 
lar, normal,  matched. 
Odious.  Hateful,  detestable,  dis- 
gusting, abominable,  repulsive, 
forbidding,  unpopular,  invidi- 
ous, loathsome. 

ANT.  Pleasing,  pleasant,  ac- 
ceptable, agreeable,  grateful, 
delectable,  bewitching,  charm- 
ing. 

Odium.  Hatred,  abhorrence,  de- 
testation, antipathy,  unpopu- 
larity, offensiveness. 

ANT.  Welcome,  acceptable- 
ness,  popularity. 

Oclor.  Scent,  perfume,  smell,  fra- 
grance, aroma,  redolence;  trail, 
effluvium,  fume. 

ANT.    Inodorcnsness. 
Odorous.       Fragrant,    perfumed, 
balmy,   aromatic,   odorant. 

ANT.     Scentless,   inodorous; 

fni  ,V. 

Offend.  Displease,  affront,  harm, 
pain,  annoy,  transgress. 

ANT.  Please,  gratify,  concili- 
ate. 

Offense.  Umbrage,  misdeed,  de- 
linquency, transgression,  fault, 


[  216  1 


off] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ons 


affront,  indignity,  outrage,  in- 
sult. 

ANT.    Defense,  guiltlessness, 
innocence. 

Offensive.  Disagreeable,  obnox- 
ious, distasteful,  impertinent, 
disgusting,  rude,  saucy,  appro- 
brious,  insulting,  insolent,  at- 
tacking, abusive,  invading,  as- 
sailant. 

ANT.      Defensive,     pleasing, 
grateful,  savory. 

Offer.  Propose,  propound,  ten- 
der, sacrifice,  immolate,  under- 
take, attempt,  try,  proffer. 

ANT.      Withhold,   irithdraio, 
retract,  retain,  alienate,  divert. 

Offhand.  Instant,  ready,  extem- 
poraneous, unpremeditated,  un- 
studied, impromptu. 

ANT.      Premeditated,    elabo- 
rate, studied,  thought-out. 

Office.  Service,  duty,  custom,  po- 
sition, charge,  authority,  func- 
tion, business. 

ANT.    Leisure,  vacancy,  sine- 
cure, resignation. 

Officer.  Official,  functionary,  di- 
rector, dignitary,  manager,  ad- 
ministrator. 

ANT.     Member,  servant,  pri- 
vate, employee. 

Official,  a.  Administrative,  au- 
thoritative, functional,  profes- 
sional. 

ANT.    Private,  unofficial,  un- 
professional. 

Officiate.    Act,  serve,  perform. 
ANT.    Witness,  retire. 

Officious.  Impertinent,  meddle- 
some, interfering,  forward,  in- 
trusive, pushing. 

ANT.      Negligent,    backward, 
remiss;  retiring,  modest. 

Often.  Frequently,  repeatedly, 
commonly,  many  times,  not  sel- 
dom. 

ANT.     Infrequently,   seldom, 
rarely. 

Old.      Aged,    ancient,   primitive, 


pristine,  antique,  antiquated, 
old-fashioned,  obsolete;  senile; 
gray,  hoary,  olden,  immemo- 
rial, time-honored,  decrepit,  el- 
derly, patriarchal,  remote,  ven- 
erable, time-worn. 

ANT.  Youthful,  childlike, 
young;  recent,  modern,  fresh,, 
new-fashioned,  current. 

Omen.  Prognostic,  augury,  pres- 
age, sign,  portent,  foreboding. 

ANT.  Fulfilment,  event,  oc- 
currence, realization. 

Ominous.  Significant,  porten- 
tous, unpropitious,  threaten- 
ing, inauspicious,  foreboding, 
premonitory,  suggestive. 

ANT.  Encouraging,  auspi- 
cious, propitious. 

Omit,  v.  Leave  out,  neglect,  for- 
bear, fail,  miss,  overlook. 

ANT.  Consider,  observe,  no- 
tice, attend,  regard. 

Omnipotent.  All-powerful,  ir- 
resistible, Almighty. 

ANT.  Powerless,  inefficient, 
impotent. 

Omniscient.  All-knowing,  infal- 
lible, all-wise. 

ANT.  Short-sighted,  fallible, 
ignorant. 

One.  Single,  individual,  soli- 
tary, certain,  undivided,  com- 
mon, united,  unitary. 

ANT.    Many,  several;  few. 

Onerous.  Burdensome,  oppres- 
sive, heavy,  toilsome,  difficult, 
laborious,  responsible. 

ANT.     Light,  easy,  trivial. 

Only,  ad.     Solely,  singly,  exclu- 
sively, merely,  barely,  wholly. 
ANT.      Among,   amongst,   to- 
gether, collectively. 

Only,  a.  Single,  sole,  alone,  pre- 
eminent, chief. 

ANT.  Many,  together,  sev- 
eral, mixed. 

Onset,  Onslaught.  Assault,  at- 
tack, storming,  aggression,  in- 
vasion. 


[  217  ] 


<mw] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


topp 


ANT.  Repulse,  resistance, 
protection,  shelter,  support,  de- 
fense. 

Onward.  Forward,  in  advance, 
ahead. 

ANT.  Aback,  astern,  lack- 
ward. 

Opaque.  Impervious,  not  trans- 
parent, obscure,  unintelligible. 

ANT.  Pellucid,  translucent, 
transparent,  obvious,  clear,  in- 
telligible, perspicuous. 
*)pen,  v.  Unclose,  disclose,  ex- 
pose, explain,  begin,  commence, 
initiate. 

ANT.  Close,  shut,  cover,  con- 
ceal; conclude,  terminate;  mis- 
interpret, mystify. 
^>pen,  a.  Unclosed,  uncovered, 
unprotected,  exposed,  plain, 
obvious,  evident,  public,  art- 
less, candid,  free,  available,  ac- 
cessible, undisguised,  ingenu- 
ous. 

ANT.  Closed,  barred,  inac- 
cessible, unavailable,  reserved, 
shut,  secreted. 

Opening.  Aperture,  hole,  space, 
breach,  gap,  fissure;  start,  in- 
auguration, commencement,  ini- 
tiation, beginning ;  opportunity. 

ANT.  Obstruction,  stop-gap, 
termination,  enclosure,  close, 
end,  conclusion,  inopportunity, 
unseasonableness. 
Operation.  Agency,  action,  ex- 
ercise, production,  influence, 
force,  performance,  result,  pro- 
cedure, effect,  execution. 

ANT.  Failure,  uselessness, 
futility,  ineffectiveness,  ineffi- 
ciency, poioerlessness,  inaction, 
cessation,  rest. 

Opinion.  Persuasion,  idea,  sen- 
timent, view,  conviction,  judg- 
ment, notion,  impression,  esti- 
mation. 

ANT.  Evidence,  argument, 
inquiry,  speculation,  investiga- 
tion, pleading. 


Opponent.  Antagonist,  foe,  ad- 
versary, enemy,  rival. 

ANT.  Helper,  assistant,  ac- 
complice, ally. 

Opportune.  Timely,  seasonable, 
convenient,  ready,  suitable,  au- 
spicious, meet,  appropriate. 

ANT.  Untimely,  unseason- 
able, inopportune,  infelicitous. 

Opportunity.  Occasion,  conven- 
ience, occurrence,  turn,  open- 
ing. 

ANT.  Lapse,  omission,  inop- 
portuneness,  contre-temps. 

Oppose.  Combat,  withstand,  con- 
tradict, deny,  gainsay,  oppugn, 
contravene,  check,  obstruct. 

ANT.  Aid,  abet,  support,  ad- 
vance, expedite. 

Opposite.  Facing,  contrary,  re- 
pugnant, antagonistic,  adverse, 
counter,  contradictory,  op- 
posed. 

ANT.  Agreeing,  coincident, 
harmonious,  conformable,  suit- 
ing, fitting,  accordant. 

Opposition.  Restraint,  defeat, 
resistance,  hostility,  obstacle, 
obstruction,  animosity. 

ANT.  Sympathy,  harmony, 
concord,  alliance,  congeniality. 

Oppress.  Impose,  weigh  down, 
burden,  grind,  persecute,  over- 
whelm, crush,  overpower,  sub- 
due. 

ANT.  Encourage,  assist,  sup- 
port, befriend. 

Oppression.  Cruelty,  tyranny, 
hardship,  injustice,  severity. 

ANT.  Kindness,  mercy,  jus- 
tice, clemency,  leniency. 

Oppressive.  Heavy,  oppressing, 
rigorous,  tyrannical,  unjust,  ex- 
tortionate, grinding. 

ANT.  Light,  easy,  compas- 
sionate, just,  humane,  gener- 
ous. 

Opprobrium.  Disgrace,  infamy, 
reproach,  contempt,  scandal, 
obloquy,  odium. 


[  218  ] 


opt] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[or£ 


ANT.      Popularity,   welcome, 
acceptableness. 

Option.  Choice,  preference,  selec- 
tion, discretion,  wish,  election. 
ANT.    Compulsion,  necessity, 
obligation. 

Opulence.  Wealth,  riches,  for- 
tune, affluence,  independence. 

ANT.      Poverty,    impecunios- 
ity,  indigence,  want. 
Oracle.    Revelation ;  prophet,  an- 
gel. 

ANT.     Empiricism,   pragma- 
tism. 

Oracular.  Prophetic,  ominous, 
portentous;  authoritative,  pos- 
itive, dogmatical ;  wise,  grave, 
sage ;  obscure,  equivocal,  am- 
biguous. 

ANT.     Cautious,  modest,  va- 
cillating, diffident. 
Oral.     Verbal,  unwritten,  vocal, 
spoken,  traditional. 

ANT.       Documentary,     icrit- 
ten. 

Oration.      Address,   speech,   dis- 
course, harangue,  lecture,  dis- 
putation, declamation,  effusion. 
ANT.    Reasoning,  suggestion, 
insinuation. 

Oratory.  Eloquence,  rhetoric,  el- 
ocution, declamation. 

ANT.      Hesitation,  stammer- 
ing, dulness. 

Orb.     Sphere,  globe,  ball;  circle, 
orbit,  circuit;  disk;  revolution. 
Orbit.   Revolution,  path,  circuit, 
sphere. 

ANT.      Deviation,    eccentric- 
ity, perturbation. 
Ordain.     Set,  regulate,  establish, 
appoint,  decree,  constitute,  in- 
stitute, prescribe,  dictate. 

ANT.     Revoke,  subvert,  can- 
eel,  countermand. 
Ordeal.     Test,  trial,  experiment, 
probation,   proof,  scrutiny,  as- 
say, investigation. 

ANT.      Result,   event;   argu- 
ment, evidence,  plea,  discussion. 


Order.  Arrangement,  system, 
procedure,  method,  rule,  regula- 
tion ;  command,  mandate,  rank, 
direction,  grade,  class,  clmrac- 
ter,  kind,  management,  injunc- 
tion, prohibition,  requirement,, 
instruction. 

ANT.  Alloicance,  consent, 
leave,  permission,  permit,  lib- 
erty, license. 

Orderly.  Regular,  obedient,  sys- 
tematic, quiet,  peaceable,  meth- 
odical, well-regulated. 

ANT.  Disorderly,  riotous,  ir~ 
regular. 

Ordinance.  Statue,  law,  edict,, 
decree,  rescript,  regulation,  in- 
stitute, rule. 

ANT.  Custom,  usage,  tradi- 
tion, fashion. 

Ordinary.  Normal,  usual,  com- 
mon, customary,  settled,  fre- 
quent, wonted,  habitual,  indif- 
ferent, mediocre,  plain,  com- 
monplace. 

ANT.  Extraordinary,  supe- 
rior, unusual,  uncommon. 

Organic.  Inherent,  fundamen- 
tal, essential,  constitutional, 
radical,  vital;  organized,  syste- 
matized. 

ANT.  Non-essential,  circum- 
stantial, provisional,  contin- 
gent, inorganic,  secondary. 

Organization.     Structure,  form, 
construction ;  organism. 
ANT.     Disorganization. 

Organize.  Arrange,  constitute, 
shape,  adjust,  frame,  establish, 
construct,  systematize. 

ANT.  Disorganize,  dismem- 
ber, disband,  break  up,  annul. 

Origin.  Source,  rise,  commence' 
ment,  spring,  fountain,  deriva» 
tion,  cause,  root,  foundation. 

ANT.  Termination,  conclU' 
sion,  extinction. 

Original.  Primitive,  new,  pri« 
mary,  pristine,  genuine,  in» 
ventive,  peculiar,  initiatory, 


[  219  ] 


•ori] 


SYNONYMS    AND   ANTONYMS 


[ore 


primordial,   ancient,    former, 
first. 

ANT.  Subsequent,  later,  de- 
rivative, modern,  terminal. 

Originate.  Begin,  cause,  com- 
mence, start,  invent,  create, 
spring,  rise. 

ANT.  Prosecute,  conduct; 
conclude,  finish,  end. 

Ornament.  Decoration,  embel- 
lishment, adornment. 

ANT.  Disgrace,  brand,  dis- 
figurement, detraction. 

Ornate.  Adorned,  beautiful,  em- 
bellished, decorated,  elaborate, 
rich,  ornamented. 

ANT.  Bare,  bald,  nude,  plain, 
naked. 

Orthodox.  Sound,  conventional, 
approved,  correct. 

ANT.  Heretical,  unorthodox, 
liberal,  radical. 

Ostensible.  Exhibited,  avowed, 
professed,  apparent,  pretended, 
declared,  manifest,  specious, 
plausible,  outward. 

ANT.  Real,  actual,  genuine, 
veritable,  concealed,  hidden. 

Ostentation.  Display,  boasting, 
show,  boast,  vaunting,  flourish, 
pageant,  pomp,  parade,  page- 
antry. 

ANT.  Diffidence,  modesty, 
reserve,  timidity,  shrinking,  re- 
tirement, quietness,  unobtru- 
siveness. 

Ostracism.  Banishment,  exclu- 
sion, expulsion,  blackball,  ex- 
communication, separation. 

ANT.  Admittance,  enlist- 
ment, enrolment;  welcome,  fel- 
lowship. 

Outbreak.  Outburst,  eruption, 
tumult,  commotion,  rebellion, 
insurrection,  riot,  conflict. 

ANT.  Quiet,  order,  pacifica- 
tion, subsidence,  quelling. 

Outcast.  Exile,  vagabond,  rep- 
robate, castaway,  pariah,  va- 
grant. 


Outcry.  Clamor,  tumult,  vocif- 
eration, alarm,  yell,  scream, 
noise. 

ANT.  Quiet,  silence;  accla- 
mation, plaudit. 

Outer.  Outside,  outward,  exter- 
nal, exterior. 

ANT.  Inward,  inside,  inter- 
nal, interior. 

Outlaw.  Brigand,  bandit,  rob- 
ber, highwayman,  marauder, 
freebooter. 

Outlet.     Egress,  exit,  vent. 
ANT.     Entrance,  ingress. 

Outline.  Contour,  sketch,  delin- 
eation, draft,  plan. 

ANT.  Form,  substance,  bulk, 
figure,  field,  ground,  space;  ob- 
ject, subject. 

Outrage.  Outbreak,  offense,  vio- 
lence, mischief,  abuse,  affront, 
insult,  indignity. 

ANT.  Favor;  self-restraint, 
self-control. 

Outrageous.  Violent,  furious, 
excessive,  exorbitant,  wanton, 
atrocious,  monstrous,  nefari- 
ous, heinous. 

ANT.  Moderate,  reasonable, 
justifiable. 

Outskirts.  Border,  edge,  out- 
post, precincts,  environs,  sub- 
urbs. 

ANT.  Interior,  center,  bulk, 
mass,  body,  heart. 

Outstanding.  Uncollected,  un- 
discharged, unappropriated,  un- 
paid ;  projecting ;  opposing. 

ANT.  Collected,  appropri- 
ated, gathered,  paid;  support- 
ing; reentrant. 

Outward.  Out,  outer,  external, 
exterior,  public,  visible,  sen- 
sible, extraneous,  superficial, 
apparent,  extrinsic,  ostensible. 

ANT.  Internal,  intrinsic,  in- 
ward,  withdrawn. 

Overcast.  Cloudy,  lowering,  ob- 
scured, murky,  darkened,  over- 
spread, eclipsed. 


[  220 


ove] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


ANT.  Cloudless,  clear,  lumi- 
nous. 

Overcome.  Vanquish,  conquer, 
surmount,  excel,  overthrow, 
subjugate,  rule,  domineer  over. 

ANT.  Lose,  forfeit,  surren- 
der, fail,  submit,  retreat,  suc- 
cumb. 

Overflow,  n.  Redundancy,  inun- 
dation, deluge,  exuberance,  su- 
perabundance. 

ANT.  Subsidence,  deficiency, 
exhaustion. 

Overruling.  Governing,  control- 
ling, superior,  predominant,  di- 
recting, prevailing. 

ANT.  Governed,  controlled, 
inferior,  subordinate. 
Oversight.  Charge,  superin- 
tendence, management,  super- 
vision, command,  care,  watch- 
fulness, surveillance,  control, 
inspection,  direction,  watch ; 
omission,  error,  inadvertence. 

ANT.  Mismanagement,  neg- 
ligence, disregard,  slight ;  par- 
ticularity, attention  to  mi- 
nutice. 

Overt.  Public,  manifest,  appar- 
ent, deliberate,  open,  avowed. 

ANT.  Covert,  secret,  furtive, 
clandestine,  implied. 


Overthrow.  Upset,  ruin,  de- 
molish, destroy,  overcome,  de- 
feat. 

ANT.  Restore,  reinstate,  re- 
vive. 

Overture.  Proposal,  proposition,, 
offer,  opening,  prelude,  invita- 
tion, advance,  initiation. 
ANT.    Inaction,  quiescence. 

Overweening.  Rash,  arrogant, 
egoistic,  vain,  haughty,  con- 
ceited. 

ANT.  Affable,  courteous,  so- 
ciable, condescending,  gracious, 
polite,  approachable. 

Overwhelm.  Submerge,  en- 
gulf, immerse,  overpower,  ex- 
tinguish, bury,  crush,  sink, 
subdue,  vanquish,  conquer,  de- 
feat. 

ANT.  Raise,  reinstate,  rees- 
tablish, rescue,  extricate. 

Owe.  Be  indebted  for,  be  obliged 
for,  borrow,  hypothecate,  at- 
tribute. 

ANT.  Repay,  requite,  defray, 
liquidate. 

Own.  Possess,  grant,  acknowl- 
edge, admit,  confess,  avow. 

ANT.  Lose,  disown,  abandon, 
forfeit,  alienate,  disinherit,  ab- 
jure. 


Pacific.  Appeasing,  reconciling, 
tranquil,  mild,  calm,  peaceful, 
conciliatory. 

ANT.  Harsh,  irritating,  ex- 
asperating, quarrelsome,  tur- 
bulent, tumultuous,  war- 
like. 

Pacification.  Conciliation,  com- 
promise, reconcilement,  adjust- 
ment, reconciliation. 

ANT.  Warfare,  fighting,  hos- 
tilities, war. 

Pact.     Agreement,  league,  com- 


pact, covenant,  bargain,  stipu- 
lation, alliance,  bond. 

ANT.     Understanding,  prom- 
ise, parole,  honor. 
Paean.     Jubilation. 

ANT.    Dirge. 

Pagan,  a.    Gentile,  heathen,  idol- 
ater. 

ANT.    Christian,  believer. 
Paganism.       Heathenism,  poly- 
theism, pantheism. 

ANT.    Christianity,  Christen- 
dom. 


[  221  ] 


pag] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[par 


Pageant.  Spectacle,  exhibition, 
display,  show,  ceremony,  proces- 
sion, parade. 

ANT.  Illusion,  mockery,  fan- 
tasmagoria,  dream. 

Pageantry.  Pomp,  parade,  dis- 
play, show,  spectacle,  splendor, 
magnificence. 

Pain,  n.  Agony,  ache,  distress, 
suffering,  torture,  anguish,  tor- 
ment, pang,  throe,  paroxysm, 
twinge,  woe,  grief. 

ANT.  Ease,  peace,  rapture, 
enjoyment,  relief,  solace,  com- 
fort, delight. 

Pain,  v.  Hurt,  grieve,  afflict,  dis- 
quiet, trouble,  distress,  agonize, 
torment,  torture. 

ANT.  Please,  delight,  rejoice, 
charm,  refresh. 

Painful.  Disquieting,  trouble- 
some, afflictive,  distressing,  la- 
borious, grievous,  toilsome,  ar- 
duous, difficult. 

ANT.  Pleasant,  pleasurable, 
acceptable,  agreeable,  grateful, 
desirable,  delectable,  delicious. 

Painstaking.  Careful,  diligent, 
attentive,  faithful,  laborious. 

ANT.  Neglectful,  heedless,  un- 
mindful, disregardful,  improv- 
ident, thoughtless,  careless. 

Paint.  Color,  picture,  depict, 
delineate,  sketch,  draw,  por- 
tray. 

ANT.  Misrepresent,  carica- 
ture, daub. 

Pair.  Two,  couple,  span,  brace, 
yoke. 

ANT.     One,  several,  many. 

Pale.  Pallid,  white,  wan,  color- 
less, dim,  sallow. 

ANT.  Ruddy,  high-colored, 
conspicuous,  brilliant. 

Palliate.  Cover,  conceal,  exten- 
uate, hide,  veil,  screen,  cloak, 
gloss  over,  apologize  for,  miti- 
gate. 

ANT.  Alleviate;  aggravate, 
heighten,  increase,  intensify. 


Palm.  Laurels,  bays,  prize,  tro- 
phy, crown. 

ANT.  Shame,  blot,  stigma, 
brand. 

Palpable.  Perceptible,  obvious, 
plain,  gross,  material,  corpo- 
real, manifest,  evident,  patent, 
distinct. 

ANT.  Immaterial,  intangible, 
ethereal,  impalpable,  indistinct, 
dubious,  imperceptible. 

Paltry.       Contemptible,    worth- 
less, mean,  vile,  pitiful,  trifling. 
ANT.       Valuable,    estimable, 
admirable,  worthy,  grand,  ex- 
cellent, magnificent. 

Panegyric.  Eulogy,  encomium, 
praise,  laudation,  commenda- 
tion. 

ANT.  Satire,  sarcasm,  tirade, 
stricture,  invective,  philippic. 

Pang.  Agony,  anguish,  distress, 
paroxysm,  throe. 

ANT.  Pleasure,  delight,  re- 
freshment, enjoyment,  gratifi- 
cation. 

Parable.  Fable,  allegory,  apo- 
logue, similitude. 

ANT.  History,  fact,  narra- 
tive. 

Parade,  n.  Ostentation,  display, 
show,  pomp,  pageant,  spectacle, 
procession. 

ANT.  Modesty,  humility,  re- 
tirement, simplicity,  plainness, 
seclusion,  suppression. 

Paradise.  Bliss,  heaven,  Eden, 
ecstasy,  Elysium. 

ANT.  Purgatory,  hell,  tor- 
ture, misery,  torment. 

Paradox.  Contradiction,  ambi- 
guity, absurdity,  enigma,  mys- 
tery. 

ANT.  Axiom,  postulate,  pre- 
cept, truism,  proposition. 

Parallel.  Correspondent,  correl- 
lative,  analogous,  concurrent, 
equidistant. 

ANT.  Different,  opposed,  di- 
vergent, irrelative,  incongruous. 


F  222  ] 


par] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[par 


Paralyze.  Deaden,  benumb,  un- 
nerve, destroy,  impair,  enfeeble, 
prostrate,  debilitate. 

ANT.  Nerve,  strengthen,  re- 
store, invigorate. 

Paramount.      Supreme,   pree"mi- 
nent,  chief,  superior,  principal. 
ANT.    Minor,  inferior,  secon- 
dary, subordinate. 

Parasite.  Flatterer,  sycophant, 
courtier. 

ANT.  Calumniator,  traducer, 
detractor. 

Pardon,  n.  Absolution,  mercy, 
forgiveness,  forbearance,  remis- 
sion, acquittal,  indulgence. 

ANT.  Penalty,  punishment, 
vengeance,  retribution,  retalia- 
tion. 

Pardon,  v.  Condone,  forgive,  ab- 
solve, excuse,  overlook,  remit, 
pass  over  or  by,  acquit. 

ANT.  Convict,  castigate,  con- 
demn, chastise,  correct,  punish, 
doom,  sentence,  scourge,  visit 
upon,  recompense,  chasten. 

Pardonable.  Excusable,  forgiv- 
able, venial. 

ANT.  Inexcusable,  unpar- 
donable. 

Parentage.  Descent,  extraction, 
lineage,  birth,  stock,  pedigree. 

Parsimonious.  Avaricious,  fru- 
gal, sparing,  close,  stingy,  pe- 
nurious, niggardly,  illiberal. 

ANT.  Liberal,  profuse,  un- 
sparing, extravagant. 

Part,  n.  Fraction,  fragment,  sec- 
tion, atom,  segment,  element, 
piece,  portion,  instalment,  con- 
stituent, component,  ingredient, 
member,  particle,  share,  subdi- 
vision. 

ANT.  Whole,  mass,  bulk,  en- 
tirety, quantity,  totality. 

Partake.     Share,  participate. 

ANT.  Yield,  forfeit,  forego, 
relinquish. 

Partial.  Biased,  restricted,  spe- 
cific, limited,  imperfect,  incom- 


plete,  unfair,   unjust,   warped, 
interested,  inequitable. 

ANT.  Unrestricted,  univer- 
sal,  general,  equitable,  just,  un- 
biased, impartial. 

Particle.  Atom,  corpuscle,  iota, 
grain,  jot,  mite,  molecule,  ele- 
ment, whit,  tittle,  scrap,  shred* 
scintilla. 

ANT.  Mass,  quantity,  sum, 
entirety,  sum  total,  whole,  ag- 
gregate, total. 

Particular,  n.  Detail,  point,  fea- 
ture. 

ANT.    Whole,  subject,  case. 

Particular,  a.  Sole,  single,  indi- 
vidual, respective,  appropriate, 
personal,  singular,  important, 
peculiar,  especial,  specific,  pre- 
cise, critical,  circumstantial. 

ANT.  Universal,  general,  com- 
prehensive, indiscriminate,  ab- 
stract, inaccurate,  inexact,  un- 
dis  criminating. 

Parting.     Separation,  leave-tak- 
ing, farewell,  dividing,  division, 
disruption,   detachment. 
ANT.    Union,  attachment. 

Partisan.  Adherent,  follower, 
supporter,  disciple. 

ANT.  Opponent,  antagonist^ 
adversary. 

Partition.  Division,  distribu- 
tion, separation,  allotment,  ap- 
portionment; compartment,  in- 
terspace, barrier. 

ANT.  Combination,  inclu- 
sion, comprehension,  collection, 
union. 

Partly.  In  part,  somewhat,  par- 
tially, not  wholly. 

ANT.  Altogether,  entirely, 
completely,  to  the  full  extent. 

Partner.  Associate,  colleague, 
coadjutor,  confederate,  partici- 
pator, partaker,  comrade,  mate, 
companion. 

ANT.  Rival,  competitor,  op~ 
ponent,  adversary,  alien. 

Partnership.       Company,    firm. 


[  223  ] 


pas] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[pan 


union,  connection,  society,  in- 
terest, house,  association,  parti- 
cipation. 

ANT.  Independence,  discon- 
nection, disjunction,  disunion, 
dissociation. 

Pass.  Go,  move,  proceed,  disap- 
pear, vanish,  depart,  take  place, 
occur,  elapse,  spend,  live,  ex- 
perience; transcend,  exceed; 
send,  transmit,  deliver;  utter, 
promise,  pledge;  finish. 

ANT.  Hold  up;  abide,  wait, 
halt,  continue,  endure. 

Passable.  Navigable,  current, 
acceptable,  tolerable,  admissi- 
ble, moderate,  traversible,  me- 
diocre. 

ANT.  Impassable,  impene- 
trable, inadmissible,  impervi- 
ous; excellent. 

Passage.  Transit,  conveyance, 
journey,  way,  road,  path,  hall, 
course,  progress,  process,  vesti- 
bule, corridor. 

Passible.  Susceptible,  sensitive, 
sensible,  impressible. 

ANT.  Impassible,  insuscepti- 
ble, unsensitive. 

Passion.  Feeling,  emotion,  sus- 
ceptibility, sentiment,  ardor,  ex- 
citement, desire,  anger,  warmth, 
vehemence. 

ANT.  Indifference,  apathy, 
coldness,  coolness,  frigidity. 

Passive.  Quiescent,  unopposing, 
enduring,  submissive,  patient, 
unresisting,  inert,  inactive,  re- 
laxed, negative. 

ANT.  Resistant,  positive,  im- 
patient, vehement,  active,  alert. 

Past.  Gone  by,  elapsed,  ended, 
spent,  departed,  late,  accom- 
plished. 

ANT.     Present;  future. 

Pastime.  Entertainment,  recre- 
ation, sport,  play,  amusement, 
diversion. 

ANT.  Business,  work,  task, 
labor,  occupation,  study. 


Patent.  Open,  expanded,  evident, 
apparent,  manifest,  public. 

ANT.  Ambiguous,  question- 
able, dubious. 

Paternal.  Fatherly,  tender,  care- 
ful, hereditary. 

ANT.  Careless,  rough,  harsh; 
acquired,  conferred,  won. 

Path.  Footway,  track,  pathway, 
route,  course,  road;  method. 

Pathetic.  Affecting,  emotional, 
moving,  pitiful,  tender,  touch- 
ing, melting,  plaintive. 

ANT.  Ludicrous,  ridiculous, 
farcical,  unaffecting. 

Pathless.  Untrodden,  impene- 
trable, trackless. 

ANT.    Trodden,  frequented. 

Patience.  Composure,  calmness, 
leniency,  fortitude,  sufferance, 
submission,  endurance,  forbear- 
ance, resignation,  long-suffer- 
ing. 

ANT.  Anger,  impatience,  ire, 
passion,  fury,  frenzy,  rage,  tem- 
per, vexation,  petulance,  wrath, 
fretfulness,  peevishness. 

Patient.  Resigned,  passive,  en- 
during, unrepining,  calm,  for- 
bearing, long-suffering. 

ANT.  Impatient,  insubmis- 
sive,  malcontent,  vehement,  re- 
sistant. 

Patrician.  Noble,  aristocratic, 
high-born,  well-born. 

ANT.  Plebeian,  churlish,  or- 
dinary, peasant. 

Patrimony.  Heritage,  inherit- 
ance, estate. 

Pattern.  Archetype,  exem- 
plar, specimen,  sample,  design, 
mold. 

ANT.  Caricature,  misrepre- 
sentation, monstrosity,  perver- 
sion. 

Paucity.  Scantiness,  deficiency, 
fewness,  lack,  want,  rarity. 

ANT.  Fulness,  number,  fre- 
qitcnry.  abundance,  quantity. 

Pause,  M.    Stop,  cessation,  inter- 


[  224  ] 


pau] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[pen 


ruption,  suspension,  hesitation, 
suspense,  doubt. 

ANT.  Continuance,  continu- 
ity, perseverance,  progress,  pro- 
gression, advancement. 

Pause,  v.  Stop,  cease,  intermit, 
wait,  stay,  tarry,  demur,  hesi- 
tate. 

ANT.  Continue,  proceed,  per- 
sist, persevere,  advance. 

Pay,  n.  Earnings,  stipend,  sal- 
ary, wages,  allowance,  retainer, 
remuneration,  payment,  com- 
pensation, hire,  fee,  requital, 
honorarium. 

Pay,  v.  Recompense,  requite,  sat- 
isfy, compensate,  discharge,  re- 
munerate, fulfil,  expend,  liqui- 
date, disburse. 

ANT.  Deprive,  defraud,  re- 
tain, exact,  hoard,  invest. 

Payment.  Pay,  compensation, 
satisfaction,  content,  salary,  re- 
ward, wages,  recompense,  re- 
quital, return. 

Peace.  Quiet,  calm,  repose,  tran- 
quillity, stillness,  silence,  har- 
mony, amity,  concord,  reconcil- 
iation, order,  pacification. 

ANT.  Noise,  disturbance,  dis- 
order, ivar,  strife,  discord,  vari- 
ance, tumult,  agitation,  hostil- 
ity. 

Peaceable.  Peaceful,  pacific,  un- 
disturbed, tranquil,  quiet,  mild, 
serene,  still. 

ANT.  Warlike,  quarrelsome, 
hostile,  savage,  fierce,  violent, 
restless. 

Peasant.       Countryman,    rustic, 
swain,  laborer,  villager. 
ANT.    Citizen,  townsman. 

Peculiar.  Special,  especial,  in- 
dividual, particular,  appropri- 
ate, unusual,  singular,  strange, 
rare. 

ANT.  General,  universal,  or- 
dinary, public,  common. 

Peculiarity.  Individuality,  sin- 
gularity, idiosyncrasy,  distinc- 


tiveness,  specialty,  characteris- 
tic, particularity. 

ANT.  Universality,  general- 
ity, uniformity,  homogeneity, 
community. 

Pedigree.  Lineage,  descent,  an- 
cestry, genealogy,  birth,  paren- 
tage. 

ANT.    Ancestor,  founder,  ori- 
gin; plebeianism;  extinction. 
Peer.     Equal,  match,  mate,  com- 
rade, associate;  nobleman. 

ANT.  Superior;  subordinate. 
Peerless.    Unmatched,  matchless, 
unequaled,  unique,  superlative, 
paramount. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  mediocre, 
commonplace. 

Peevish.  Querulous,  cross,  testy, 
ill-tempered,  captious,  discon- 
tented, petulant,  irritable,  ill- 
natured,  irascible. 

ANT.    Good-natured,  easy,  ge- 
nial, mild,  complaisant,  gentle. 
Penal.  Punitive,  retributive,  cor- 
rective. 

ANT.  Preventive,  reparatory; 
honorary,  remunerary. 
Penalty.    Retribution,  forfeiture, 
fine,   punishment,  amercement, 
mulct. 

ANT.  Reuxird,  tcages,  guer- 
don, prize,  honorarium,  remu- 
neration, compensation. 
Pendent.  Pendulous,  overhang- 
ing, hanging,  suspended,  de- 
pending. 

ANT.  Supported,  sustaining, 
propped. 

Penetrate.  Enter,  pierce,  com- 
prehend, discern,  understand, 
perforate,  permeate,  fathom. 

ANT.  Glance  off,  be  tangent 
to,  find  impermeable;  misun- 
derstand, mistake;  float. 
Penetration.  Discernment,  sa- 
gacity, acuteness,  discrimina- 
tion, sharpness,  observation,  in- 
sight. 

ANT.    Obtuseness,  shortsight* 


[  225  ] 


pen] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[per 


ednets;  stupidity,  shallowness, 
dulness. 

Penitence.  Repentance,  contri 
tion,  remorse,  sorrow,  regret, 
compunction. 

ANT.  Self-approval,  gratula- 
tion;  obduracy,  hardhearted- 
ness. 

Penitent,  Penitential.  Repent- 
ant, contrite,  doing  penance. 

ANT.  Impenitent,  obdurate, 
hardhearted. 

Pensive.  Thoughtful,  sad,  wist- 
ful, meditative,  dreamy,  sober; 
serious,  mournful,  melancholy, 
solemn,  reflective. 

ANT.  Joyous,  glad,  happy, 
gay,  care-free,  thoughtless,  un- 
reflecting. 

Penurious.  Covetous,  parsimo- 
nious, stingy,  avaricious,  nig- 
gardly, sordid. 

ANT.  Liberal,  bountiful,  gen- 
erous, prodigal. 

Penury.  Want,  privation,  indi- 
gence, poverty,  destitution,  beg- 
gary, need. 

ANT.  Wealth,  abundance,  af- 
fluence, luxury,  competence. 

People.  Nation,  race,  popula- 
tion, state,  tribe,  community, 
commonwealth. 

Perceivable,  Perceptible.  Dis- 
cernible, distinguishable,  cog- 
nizable, observable. 

ANT.  Imperceptible,  indis- 
tinguishable, insensible,  inap- 
preciable. 

Perceive.  Comprehend,  appre- 
hend, conceive,  understand. 

ANT.  Ignore,  lose,  miss,  fail 
of,  overlook,  misconceive,  mis- 
apprehend. 

Perception.  Discernment,  ap- 
prehension, recognition,  under- 
standing, comprehension,  feel- 
ing, sensation,  sense. 

ANT.  Conception,  concept, 
imagination,  idea,  notion;  mis- 
understanding. 


Percolate.  Filter,  strain,  exude, 
drain,  ooze. 

ANT.  Flow,  rush,  stream, 
run,  disgorge. 

Percussion.  Shock,  clash,  col- 
lision, concussion,  encounter. 

ANT.  Recoil,  rebound,  rever- 
beration. 

Perdition.  Loss,  ruin,  destruc- 
tion, overthrow,  wreck,  demoli- 
tion. 

ANT.  Restoration,  recovery, 
rescue,  salvation. 

Peremptory.  Decisive,  positive, 
absolute,  final,  authoritative, 
arbitrary,  express,  dogmatical, 
determined,  resolute. 

ANT.  Hortatory,  mild,  en- 
treative,  expostulatory,  sugges- 
tive. 

Perennial.  Perpetual,  unceas- 
ing, never  failing,  enduring, 
continual,  constant,  permanent, 
uninterrupted. 

ANT.  Occasional,  intermit- 
tent, periodic,  uncertain;  per- 
ishing, ephemeral,  transient, 
fleeting. 

Perfect.  Finished,  complete,  en- 
tire, faultless,  consummate,  ac- 
curate, ideal,  finished,  absolute, 
completed,  correct,  immaculate, 
sinless,  blameless,  holy,  unde- 
filed,  stainless,  spotless,  un- 
blemished. 

ANT.  Imperfect,  bad,  defi- 
cient, blemished,  faulty,  cor- 
rupt, poor,  inferior,  incomplete, 
perverted,  worthless,  spoiled, 
insufficient,  meager,  defective, 
short,  scant,  marred,  defaced, 
corrupted,  deformed,  fallible, 
ruined. 

Perfection.  Excellence,  complete- 
ness, faultlessness,  maturity, 
wholeness,  consummation,  per- 
fectness. 

ANT.  Defect,  imperfection, 
incompleteness,  blemish. 

Perfectly.      Thoroughly,    exqui- 


[  226  ] 


per] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[per 


sitely,  completely,  faultlessly, 
entirely,  fully,  wholly,  exactly, 
accurately. 

ANT.  Imperfectly,  faultily, 
partially,  inaccurately. 

Perfidious.  False,  treacherous, 
faithless,  disloyal,  dishonest, 
untrustworthy. 

ANT.  True,  loyal,  stanch,  up- 
right, faithful,  honest,  trust- 
worthy. 

Perform.  Complete,  accomplish, 
execute,  do,  discharge,  fulfil ; 
represent,  act,  play,  enact,  con- 
summate, achieve. 

ANT.  Spoil,  injure,  harm, 
ruin,  mar ;  fail  of,  misconduct. 

Performance.  Completion,  con- 
summation, execution,  accom- 
plishment, achievement,  work, 
production,  act,  action,  deed, 
exploit,  feat. 

ANT.  Failure,  defeat,  omis- 
sion, abortion,  undoing,  non- 
performance. 

Perfume.  Odor,  redolence,  balmi- 
ness,  fragrance,  smell,  aroma, 
scent. 

ANT.    Stench,  stink,  fume. 

Perfunctory.  Mechanical,  care- 
less, listless,  indifferent. 

ANT.  Animated,  spirited,  as- 
siduous, careful,  ardent,  zeal- 
ous, interested. 

Perhaps.  By  chance,  peradven- 
ture,  perchance,  maybe,  haply, 
possibly. 

ANT.     Certainly,  inevitably. 

Peril.  Hazard,  risk,  jeopardy, 
danger,  venture,  insecurity,  li- 
ability. 

ANT.  Safety,  assurance,  cer- 
tainty, security. 

Period.  Time,  cycle,  age,  epoch, 
limit,  end,  conclusion ;  era,  du- 
ration, date,  term,  continuance, 
termination,  conclusion,  bound. 
ANT.  Eternity,  infinity,  per- 
petuity, endlessness,  everlast- 
ing. 


Periodical.  Recurring,  regular, 
stated,  recurrent,  systematic, 
calculable,  serial. 

ANT.  Indeterminate,  eccen- 
tric, fitful,  spasmodic,  irregu- 
lar. 

Permanent.  Enduring,  abiding, 
changeless,  constant,  durable, 
steadfast,  unchangeable,  im- 
mutable, invariable,  fixed,  un- 
changing, stable,  lasting,  per- 
sistent, perpetual. 

ANT.  Transient,  brief,  fleet- 
ing, evanescent,  passing,  tran- 
sitory, momentary,  temporary, 
ephemeral. 

Permission.  Authority,  allow- 
ance, consent,  liberty,  leave,  li- 
cense, permit,  authorization. 

ANT.  Hindrance,  opposition, 
objection,  denial,  prevention, 
prohibition,  refusal,  resistance. 

Pernicious.  Mischievous,  bane- 
ful, destructive,  noisome,  dele- 
terious, harmful,  hurtful,  poi- 
sonous, noxious,  pestilential, 
unhealthful,  unwholesome,  det- 
rimental, deadly,  evil,  foul,  in- 
jurious, insalubrious,  pestifer- 
ous, perverting,  ruinous. 

ANT.  Helpful,  invigorating, 
salutary,  advantageous,  good, 
favorable,  life-giving,  rejuven- 
ating, useful,  serviceable,  be- 
neficent, wholesome,  beneficial, 
healthful. 

Perpetual.  Continual,  endless, 
unceasing,  unfailing,  incessant, 
constant,  eternal,  everlasting, 
perennial,  permanent,  endur- 
ing. 

ANT.  Periodic,  transient,  re- 
current, temporary,  occasional, 
casual,  momentary. 

Perplex.  Entangle,  involve,  com- 
plicate, embarrass,  puzzle,  be- 
wilder, confuse,  distract,  annoy, 
confound,  trouble,  worry,  dis- 
turb, pester,  bother,  mystify. 
ANT.  Enlighten,  clear,  e»- 


[  227  ] 


per] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[pic 


plicate,  simplify,  elucidate,  il- 
lumine, unfold,  explain,  mani- 
fest, calm,  quiet,  control,  please, 
instruct,  solve,  illustrate,  make 
intelligible,  account  for. 

Perplexity.  Confusion,  bewil- 
derment, disturbance,  distrac- 
tion, doubt,  embarrassment,  as- 
tonishment, amazement. 

ANT.  Composure,  calmness; 
discernment,  insight. 

Perseverance.  Persistency,  te- 
nacity, steadfastness,  steadi- 
ness, constancy,  pertinacity,  in- 
defatigableness,  resolution. 

ANT.  Fitfulness,  caprice,  in- 
stability, variableness,  irregu- 
larity, indecision,  vacillation, 
wavering,  irresoluteness. 

Perspicacity.  Acuteness,  keen- 
ness, discernment,  penetration, 
perspicaciousness,  insight,  sa- 
gacity, astuteness,  distinctness, 
explicitness. 

ANT.  Dulness,  stupefaction, 
obtuseness,  hebetude,  stolidity, 
inobservance,  insensibility. 

Perspicuity.  Plainess,  lucidity, 
clearness,  explicitness,  intelli- 
gibility, transparency,  perspic- 
uousness. 

ANT.  Obscurity,  turbidness, 
unintelligibility,  incomprehen- 
sibility, indefiniteness,  doubt- 
fulness, mysticism,  confusion. 

Persuade.  Dispose,  allure,  en- 
tice, urge,  move,  influence,  pre- 
vail upon,  coax,  bring  over,  in- 
cline, convince,  lead,  induce,  in- 
cite, win  over,  impel. 

ANT.  Deter,  discourage,  re- 
strain, hinder,  repel,  dissuade, 
hold  back. 

Pertinent.  Apposite,  relevant, 
suitable,  appropriate,  proper, 
fit,  adapted. 

ANT.  Unrelated,  unsuitable, 
impertinent,  incongruous,  alien, 
unconnected,  discordant,  inhar- 
monious. 


Pertness.  Impertinence,  bold- 
ness, forwardness,  sauciness, 
flippancy,  impudence,  briskness, 
liveliness,  smartness,  sprightli- 
ness. 

ANT.  Diffidence,  humility, 
modesty,  shyness,  bashfulness, 
demureness. 

Perverse.  Obstinate,  contrary, 
fractious,  froward,  intractable, 
petulant,  wilful,  wayward,  un- 
governable, stubborn,  factious, 
untoward. 

ANT.  Compliant,  genial,  ac- 
commodating, governable,  kind, 
obliging,  complaisant,  amen- 
able. 

Petition,  n.  Prayer,  supplica- 
tion, entreaty;  solicitation,  ap- 
plication, suit,  appeal,  address. 

ANT.  Protest,  claim,  expos- 
tulation, demand,  injunction, 
dictation,  exaction,  dissension, 
dissent. 

Philanthropy.  Love,  good  will, 
charity,  benevolence,  humanity, 
public-spiritedness. 

ANT.  Misanthropy,  ill  will, 
selfishness. 

Philosopher.  Student,  theorist, 
speculator,  teacher,  master,  sa- 
vant, schoolman,  doctor;  adept. 

ANT.  Learner,  pupil,  begin- 
ner; ignoramus,  dunce. 
Philosophical.  Rational,  wise, 
temperate,  calm,  cool,  reason- 
able, sound,  collected,  composed, 
sedate,  tranquil,  Platonic. 

ANT.  Popular,  crude,  loose, 
inaccurate,  illogical,  irrational, 
unsound,  unscientific,  thought- 
less, hotheaded,  impulsive. 
Physical.  Material,  natural,  cor- 
poral, sensible,  visible,  tangible, 
bodily,  corporeal. 

ANT.     Mental,  spiritual,  im- 
material, unsubstantial,  hyper- 
physical,  intangible,  moral,  un- 
real, intellectual,  invisible. 
Picturesque.     Graphic,  vivid,  ar- 


[  228  ] 


pie] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


tistic,  beautiful,  scenic,  picto- 
rial, graceful,  comely,  seemly. 

ANT.     Unseemly,  ugly,  inar- 
tistic, ungraceful,  tame,  flat,  in- 


Piety.  Sanctity,  godliness,  holi- 
ness, religion,  reverence,  devo- 
tion, grace. 

ANT.  Impiety,  sacrilege,  sin- 
fulness,  ungodliness,  hypocrisy, 
formalism,  sanctimoniousness. 

Piquant.  Tart,  sharp,  pungent, 
stimulating,  biting,  racy,  sting- 
ing, cutting,  severe. 

ANT.  Flat,  tame,  dull,  in- 
sipid. 

Pique.  Resentment,  umbrage,  ir- 
ritation, displeasure,  grudge, 
offense. 

ANT.  Delight,  gratification, 
pleasure,  satisfaction,  content- 
ment, approval,  complacency. 

Piteous.  Sorrowful,  mournful, 
affecting,  doleful,  lamentable, 
woful,  rueful,  sad,  pitiable,  piti- 
ful. 

ANT.  Joyous,  glad,  merry, 
happy,  cheerful,  comfortable, 
desirable,  pleasant,  agreeable, 
delectable. 

Pitiful.  Lamentable,  mournful, 
base,  contemptible,  piteous,  pa- 
thetic, pitiable,  touching,  sor- 
rowful, woful,  wretched,  despic- 
able, moving,  paltry. 

ANT.  Exalted,  glorious,  help- 
ful, great,  grand,  sublime,  supe- 
rior, beneficent,  commanding, 
august,  dignified,  noble,  lofty, 
mighty,  superb. 

Pity.  Sympathy,  mercy,  tender- 
ness, condolence,  compassion, 
commiseration. 

ANT.  Cruelty,  severity,  mer- 
cilessness,  sternness,  hardness, 
rigor,  inhumanity,  brutality, 
barbarity,  harshness,  pitiless- 
ness,  ruthlessness,  hard-heart- 
edness,  ferocity,  truculence. 

Placid.    Pleased,    contented,   un- 


ruffled, undisturbed,  peaceful, 
serene,  tranquil,  quiet,  gentle, 
collected,  calm,  composed,  pas- 
sionless. 

ANT.  Discontent,  disturbed, 
distressed,  anxious,  distracted, 
perplexed,  distrait;  vehement, 
wild,  passionate,  impulsive,  agi- 
tated, ruffled,  excited,  impas- 
sioned. 

Plain.  Artless,  undisguised,  sin- 
cere, frank,  honest,  ingenuous, 
candid,  unembellished,  simple, 
downright,  blunt,  distinct,  ap- 
parent, manifest,  open,  clear, 
evident,  visible,  obvious,  unmis- 
takable, conspicuous,  level,  flat, 
smooth;  easy,  natural,  homely, 
ugly;  simple,  frugal. 

ANT.  Unnatural,  pretended, 
affected,  assumed,  feigned,  arti- 
ficial, insincere,  vain,  preten- 
tious, conceited;  ornate,  orna- 
mented, decorated,  embellished; 
involved,  obscure,  hidden,  invis- 
ible, inconspicuous,  uneven,  un- 
dulating, rugged,  broken,  am- 
biguous, abrupt,  obstructed,  un- 
certain, enigmatical,  abstruse; 
beautiful,  sophisticated,  artful. 

Plant,  v.  Seed,  set,  sow,  seed 
down,  set  out. 

ANT.  Eradicate,  uproot,  ex- 
tirpate, weed  out,  root  up. 

Plausible.  Specious,  seeming, 
pretending,  fair-spoken,  pass- 
able, pretentious,  ostensible,  ap- 
parent; colorable,  feasible. 

ANT.  Genuine,  transparent, 
true,  sterling,  veritable,  unmis- 
takable, authentic,  sincere,  un- 
affected. 

Plead.  Advocate,  ask,  beg,  urge, 
argue,  solicit,  entreat,  implore, 
press. 

ANT.  Grant,  bestow,  an- 
swer. 

Pleasant.  Kindly,  obliging,  at- 
tractive, pleasing,  pleasurable, 
agreeable,  kind,  good-natured. 


[  229  1 


pie] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[pol 


ANT.  Disagreeable,  gloomy, 
glum,  harsh,  hateful,  repulsive, 
unpleasant,  repellent,  offensive, 
unkind,  forbidding,  dreary,  ar- 
rogant, austere,  grim,  ill-na- 
tured, ill-humored,  repelling. 
Pleasure.  Satisfaction,  comfort, 
solace,  joy,  gladness,  delight, 
will,  chdice,  purpose,  command, 
kindness,  enjoyment,  gratifica- 
tion, happiness,  self-indulgence, 
voluptuousness. 

ANT.  Suffering,  affliction, 
pain,  sorrow,  sadness,  distress, 
misery,  compulsion,  force,  coer- 
cion; mourning,  depression,  de- 
jection, melancholy,  misfortune, 
poverty,  want. 

Plenitude.  Fulness,  abundance, 
completeness,  plenty,  repletion, 
plethora;  luxury,  affluence,  ex- 
uberance, wealth,  richness,  pro- 
fusion, amplitude,  enough,  sup- 
ply, sufficiency. 

ANT.  Want,  need,  scarcity, 
scantiness,  dearth,  insufficiency, 
restriction,  poverty,  partiality, 
stint,  reserve,  narrowness,  pen- 
ury, impecuniosity. 
Plentiful.  Bountiful,  generous, 
large,  abundant,  adequate,  copi- 
ous, enough,  full,  profuse,  rich, 
sufficient,  complete,  exuberant, 
plenteous,  replete,  teeming,  af- 
fluent, ample,  lavish,  liberal, 
luxuriant,  overflowing,  abound- 
ing. 

ANT.  Deficient,  drained,  im- 
poverished, scanty,  insufficient, 
small,  sparing,  stingy,  strait- 
ened, poor,  scant,  exhausted,  in- 
adequate, mean,  miserly,  nar- 
row, niggardly,  scarce,  short, 
scrimped. 

Plot.  Intrigue,  conspiracy,  cabal, 
contrivance,  scheme,  stratagem, 
project,  combination,  machina- 
tion; story. 

ANT.  Blunder,  botch;  mis- 
arrangemeni,  miscontrivance. 


Poet.  Bard,  author  of  poems, 
singer,  rimster,  rimer,  versifier. 

Poetical.  Metrical,  rhythmical, 
lyric,  rimed,  versified;  imag- 
inative, fictitious,  creative. 

ANT.  Prosaic,  unpoetical, 
unrimed,  unversified,  unrhyth- 
mic;  commonplace,  matter-of- 
fact,  unimaginative,  realistic; 
mathematical,  historical. 

Poetry.  Meter,  rime,  numbers, 
poesy,  song,  verse,  poem,  met- 
rical composition. 

ANT.  Prose,  prosaic  speech, 
prosaic  writing. 

Poignant.  Pricking,  piercing, 
sharp,  pungent;  pointed,  keen, 
satirical. 

ANT.  Blunt,  dull,  obtuse,  in- 
sipid, pointless,  vapid,  inexpres- 
sive. 

Poisonous.  Venomous,  baneful, 
corrupting,  noxious,  pestilen- 
tial, malignant,  virulent,  pes- 
tiferous, deleterious,  mephitic. 
ANT.  Salubrious,  loholesome, 
healthful,  beneficial,  sanative, 
genial,  remedial,  hygienic. 

Polite.  Courteous,  civil,  courtly, 
obliging,  gracious,  polished,  ac- 
complished, complaisant,  culti- 
vated, cultured,  elegant,  gen- 
teel, urbane,  well-behaved,  well- 
mannered,  well-bred. 

ANT.  Awkward,  clownish, 
unmannerly,  uncouth,  boorish, 
blunt,  impertinent,  bsusk,  bluff, 
impolite,  insolent,  eoarse,  ill- 
bred,  ill-behaved,  rude,  rustic, 
impudent,  ill-mannered,  untu- 
tored, uncivil,  untaught,  dis- 
courteous, unpolished,  insult- 
ing. 

Politeness.  Courtesy,  civility, 
gentility,  refinement,  courtli- 
ness, elegance,  urbanity,  good 
breeding,  decorum,  complai- 
sance, affability. 

ANT.  Rudeness,  arrogance, 
incivility,  churlishness,  ungra- 


[  230  ] 


poo] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[pra 


ciousness,  insolence,  sauciness, 
impertinence,  effrontery,  pre- 
sumption. 

Poor.  Needy,  indigent,  desti- 
tute; lean,  emaciated;  feeble, 
dejected;  shabby,  mean;  unfa- 
vorable, uncomfortable ;  bar- 
ren; sterile;  inadequate,  insig- 
nificant, insufficient;  meek. 

ANT.  Rich,  wealthy,  afflu- 
ent, opulent;  splendid,  costly, 
valuable,  estimable;  fruitful, 
abundant,  luxuriant,  produc- 
tive, prolific;  copious,  abound- 
ing, ample,  well- supplied,  com- 
fortable, favorable;  adequate, 
sufficient;  important,  signifi- 
cant, arrogant,  self-assertive. 

Popular.  Cheap,  common,  ordi- 
nary, inferior;  familiar,  plain, 
easy,  comprehensible;  favorite, 
liked,  approved,  accepted,  ac- 
credited ;  current,  prevalent, 
general,  prevailing;  pertaining 
to  the  people,  vulgar,  plebeian; 
mediocre. 

ANT.  Unpopular,  exclusive, 
aristocratic,  snobbish;  special, 
excellent,  unique,  superior,  emi- 
nent; selfish,  narrow,  illiberal, 
uncharitable;  sole,  only,  scien- 

c  tific,  restricted,  esoteric;  odi- 
ous, detested. 

Position.  Situation,  station,  as- 
sertion, place,  posture,  locality, 
site ;  attitude ;  state,  condition, 
circumstances ;  principle,  doc- 
trine, proposition,  dictum,  affir- 
mation, thesis;  rank. 

Positive.  Real,  actual,  absolute, 
explicit,  definite,  confident,  cer- 
tain, dogmatic;  defined,  precise, 
clear;  veritable,  substantial, 
true ;  indisputable,  incontro- 
vertible; indubitable;  decisive, 
unconditional,  imperative,  un- 
equivocal, settled,  assured,  ex- 
press. 

ANT.  Negative,  denying,  in- 
direct, disavowing,  disclaiming, 


privative;  relative;  unreal,  fic- 
titious, imaginative,  contingent, 
dependent,  implied,  conditional, 
dubious,  unsubstantial,  indefi- 
nite, equivocal. 

Possession.  Control,  ownership, 
tenure,  retention,  management, 
occupation;  (pi. )  property,  es- 
tate, wealth,  dominion. 

ANT.  Dispossession,  resigna- 
tion, surrender,  abandoning,  re- 
nouncing. 

Potent.  Powerful,  mighty,  puis- 
sant, strong,  able,  efficient,  effi- 
cacious, forcible,  cogent,  influ- 
ential, effective,  active,  ener- 
getic. 

ANT.  Impotent,  powerless, 
weak,  feeble,  infirm;  inefficient, 
incapable,  incompetent,  inca- 
pacitated. 

Potential.  Possible,  implicit,  un- 
developed, virtual,  immanent, 
inherent,  intrinsic. 

ANT.  Actual,  explicit,  real, 
objective,  developed,  express, 
determinate,  positive,  clear, 
definite. 

Poverty.  Distress,  beggary,  in- 
digence, destitution,  pauperism, 
penury,  privation,  want,  need, 
mendicancy. 

ANT.  Wealth,  riches,  afflu- 
ence, luxury,  comfort. 

Power.  Ability,  competency,  ca- 
pacity, faculty,  aptitude,  dex- 
terity, efficiency,  might,  talent, 
energy,  skill,  strength,  readi- 
ness, capability,  cleverness,  ex- 
pertness,  efficacy,  force,  qualifi- 
cation, cogency,  susceptibility. 

ANT.  Feebleness,  weakness, 
helplessness,  impotence,  incom- 
petence, inability,  inaptitude, 
dulness,  awkwardness,  imbecil- 
ity, incapacity,  inefficiency,  un- 
skilfulness,  maladroitness,  stu- 
pidity. 

Practice,  n.  Usage,  habit,  cus- 
tom; performance,  application, 


[  231  ] 


pra] 


[pra 


system ;  manner,  method,  mode, 
experience. 

ANT.  Theory,  speculation, 
assumption,  ideal,  conjecture, 
abstraction, 

Practice,  v.  Do,  perform,  exer- 
cise, carry  out,  execute;  teach, 
train;  habituate,  try;  apply, 
use;  pursue. 

ANT.  Abandon,  misuse,  dis- 
use, neglect,  disregard,  slight, 
omit,  pass  over. 

Praise,  n.  Applause,  approval, 
cheering,  compliment,  acclaim, 
adulation,  acclamation,  appro- 
bation, cheers,  plaudit,  eulogy, 
encomium,  flattery,  laudation, 
panegyric,  sycophancy. 

ANT.  Abuse,  blame,  censure, 
contempt,  reproach,  ignominy, 
slander,  scorn,  obloquy,  animad- 
version, condemnation,  denun- 
ciation, disapprobation,  dispar- 
agement, vituperation,  reproof, 
disapproval,  repudiation,  hiss- 
ing, vilification. 

Praise,  v.  Laud,  eulogize,  cele- 
brate, magnify,  glorify;  honor, 
commend;  applaud,  extol,  com- 
pliment. 

ANT.  Decry,  blame,  censure, 
reprove,  disparage,  depreciate, 
discredit,  traduce,  condemn. 

Pray.  Ask,  beg,  beseech,  entreat, 
implore,  invoke,  petition,  sup- 
plicate, request,  importune,  bid, 
plead,  call  upon,  conjure. 

Precarious.  Doubtful,  dubious, 
hazardous,  perilous,  risky,  in- 
secure, uncertain,  unsettled,  un- 
steady, unstable,  unassured. 

ANT.  Firm,  settled,  stable, 
sure,  certain,  real,  undoubted, 
unquestionable,  actual,  assured, 
immutable,  incontestable,  unde- 
niable, infallible,  strong,  steady. 

Precaution.  Foresight,  prudence, 
forethought,   providence,  wari- 
ness, care. 
ANT.      Thoughtlessness,   im- 


providence, carelessness,  impru- 
dence. 

Precedent,  n.  Example,  antece- 
dent, case,  instance,  pattern,, 
authority,  warrant. 
Precept.  Commandment,  law, 
injunction,  mandate,  rule,  di- 
rection, principle,  maxim;  doc- 
trine, dogma;  order;  instruc- 
tion. 

ANT.  Hint,  suggestion,  allu- 
sion, insinuation,  prompting, 
impulse,  instigation. 
Precise.  Accurate,  exact,  correct, 
definite,  scrupulous,  punctili- 
ous, particular,  nice,  formal; 
explicit,  terse. 

ANT.  Inaccurate,  inexact,  in- 
correct, heedless,  careless,  in- 
cautious, implicit,  ambiguous, 
circumlocutory,  loose,  vague,  in- 
formal, unceremonious. 
Predatory.  Plundering,  pillaging, 
ravaging,  rapacious,  maraud- 
ing. 

ANT.  Protecting,  guarding, 
watching,  keeping,  sheltering, 
shielding,  saving. 
Predestination.  Fate,  neces- 
sity, foreknowledge,  foreordina- 
tion. 

ANT.  Choice,  freedom,  free 
will,  independence,  uncertainty, 
accident,  chance,  free  agency. 
Prediction.  Prophecy,  prognos- 
tication, foreboding,  divination, 
augury,  soothsaying,  vaticina- 
tion, foretelling,  presage. 

ANT.  Reminiscence,  recol- 
lection, report;  history,  nar- 
ration, account. 

Preface.  Introduction,  proem, 
preamble,  prologue,  exordium, 
prelude. 

ANT.  Sequel,  postscript,  ap- 
pendix, peroration,  epilogue, 
conclusion. 

Prefer.  Choose,  elect,  select,  de- 
sire, pick  out,  fancy,  single 
out,  fix  upon;  elevate,  advance, 


[  232  1 


pre] 


AND    ANTONYMS 


promote;    offer,    proffer,    pre- 
sent, address. 

ANT.  Reject,  discard,  decline, 
refuse,  repudiate;  degrade,  de- 
press; postpone,  defer,  with- 
hold. 

Prejudice.  Bias,  partiality,  un- 
fairness, preconception,  pre- 
possession, presumption. 

ANT.  Certainty,  evidence, 
proof,  conviction,  conclusion, 
demonstration,  reason,  reason- 
ing. 

Preliminary.  Prior,  introduc- 
tory, preparatory,  prefatory, 
proemial,  previous,  precedent, 
antecedent. 

ANT.  Subsequent,  follow- 
ing, consequent,  appended,  suc- 
ceeding. 

Premium.  Reward,  remunera- 
tion, recompense,  prize,  bonus, 
bounty,  guerdon,  meed,  bribe, 
douceur,  enhancement,  gratuity. 
ANT.  Penalty,  fine,  mulct, 
amercement,  forfeiture,  depre- 
ciation, decline,  fall,  loss. 

Preposterous.  Irrational,  fool- 
ish, monstrous,  absurd,  per- 
verted, extravagant,  ridicu- 
lous, exorbitant. 

ANT.  Reasonable,  moderate, 
right,  just,  due,  fair,  judicious, 
mediocre,  commonplace. 

Presence.  Person,  personality, 
individuality,  port,  mien,  ap- 
pearance, nearness,  immedi- 
acy; vicinity,  neighborhood. 

ANT.  Absence,  distance,  re- 
moteness, separation;  society, 
world;  temperament,  charac- 
ter. 

Preservation.  Security,  safety, 
maintenance,  conservation,  in- 
tegrity, protection,  care,  guar- 
dianship, watch  and  ward, 
soundness. 

ANT.  Exposure,  abandon- 
ment, impairment,  peril,  dam- 
age, injury. 


Presumption.  Assumption,  ar- 
rogance, effrontery,  audacity, 
assurance;  presupposition,  hy- 
pothesis, guess,  conjecture,  be- 
lief, opinion,  judgment,  under- 
standing, concession,  condi- 
tion. 

ANT.  Modesty,  deference, 
diffidence,  bashfulness,  hesita- 
tion; proof,  deduction,  demon- 
stration, verification,  certainty f 
fact. 

Pretend.  Claim,  represent,  al- 
lege, simulate,  feign,  profess; 
counterfeit. 

ANT.  Verify,  substantiate, 
refute,  detect,  expose,  unmask, 
test. 

Pretense.  Disguise,  excuse,  af- 
fectation, mask,  show,  preten- 
sion, semblance,  wile,  trick, 
subterfuge,  simulation,  ruse, 
assumption,  pretext,  seeming, 
dissimulation,  air,  cloak,  color. 
ANT.  Candor,  sincerity,  in- 
genuousness, frankness,  hon- 
esty, truth,  openness,  reality, 
simplicity,  guilelessness,  fact, 
actuality. 

Prevalence.  Success,  superior- 
ity, predominance,  preponder- 
ance; influence,  force,  power, 
strength,  efficacy;  universality, 
extension,  acceptation,  custom, 
operation. 

ANT.  Decay,  desuetude,  dis- 
appearance, evanescence,  sub- 
ordination, collapse,  destruc- 
tion, abolition,  subsidence,  sub- 
jection, diminution. 

Previous.  Antecedent,  before, 
earlier,  precedent,  preliminary, 
introductory,  prior,  preceding, 
front,  forward,  former,  fore- 
going, anterior. 

ANT.  After,  concluding,  fol- 
lowing, consequent,  later,  pos- 
terior, latter,  succeeding,  sub- 
sequent, hindmost,  hinder, 
hind. 


I  233 


pri] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[pro 


Price.  Expense,  outlay,  worth, 
expenditure,  value,  charge, 
cost. 

Pride.  Arrogance,  insolence,  re- 
serve, haughtiness,  self-esteem, 
presumption,  superciliousness, 
vanity,  ostentation,  conceit, 
self-respect,  self-exaltation,  dis- 
dain, vainglory,  self-conceit, 
self-complacency. 

ANT.  Humility,  lowliness, 
modesty,  self-distrust,  meek- 
ness, self -abasement. 

Primary.  First,  fundamental, 
primitive,  original,  prepara- 
tory; chief,  principal,  pristine; 
elementary,  leading. 

ANT.  Secondary,  posterior, 
subsequent,  later,  following; 
unimportant,  subordinate,  in- 
ferior; supplemental,  auxiliary. 

Prime,  n.  Perfection,  culmina- 
tion, apex,  zenith;  dawn,  open- 
ing, youth,  spring,  beginning; 
cream,  flower. 

ANT.  Wane,  winter,  even- 
ing;  decadence,  decay. 

Primeval.  Immemorial,  orig- 
inal, old,  primal,  patriarchal, 
native,  primitive,  pristine,  un- 
created, ancient,  aboriginal,  au- 
tochthonic,  indigenous,  prime, 
primary,  primordial. 

ANT.  Foreign,  fresh,  late, 
modern,  new,  novel,  recent,  ex- 
otic, adventitious. 

Principal.  Highest,  most  im- 
portant, chief,  main;  leading, 
foremost,  preeminent,  capital, 
essential;  primary,  first. 

ANT.  Subordinate,  inferior, 
secondary,  auxiliary,  supple- 
mental, minor,  dependent,  sub- 
servient, ancillary. 

Principle.  Source,  cause,  ori- 
gin; faculty,  endowment;  pos- 
tulate, truth,  maxim,  axiom; 
rule,  law;  element;  doctrine, 
dogma,  opinion ;  ground,  mo- 
tive, reason;  integrity,  recti- 


tude, uprightness,  probity,  vir- 
tue, worth,  honor. 

ANT.  Result,  sequence,  devel- 
opment, issue;  application,  ac- 
tion, operation,  exercise,  mani- 
festation, exhibition;  iniquity, 
immorality. 

Prize.  Trophy,  honor,  reward, 
premium,  guerdon,  palm,  laur- 
els; capture;  gain,  advantage; 
spoil,  plunder,  booty. 

ANT.    Loss,  failure,  fine,  for- 
feiture; brand,  stigma,  infamy. 
Probation.     Examination,  trial, 
ordeal,   test,  assay,   proof,   ex- 
periment. 

ANT.  License,  irresponsi- 
bility, non-probation. 
Proclaim.  Publish,  announce, 
declare,  promulgate,  herald,  ad- 
vertise, enunciate,  utter,  blaze 
abroad,  report,  make  known. 

ANT.  Silence,  repress,  sup- 
press, conceal,  secrete;  retract, 
recall. 

Prodigal,  a.  Extravagant,  pro- 
fuse, lavish,  bountiful,  waste- 
ful, squandering. 

ANT.  Economical,  thrifty, 
saving,  frugal;  close,  miserly, 
niggardly. 

Profession.  Avowal,  declara- 
tion, claim;  occupation,  voca- 
tion, employment;  law,  theol- 
ogy, or  medicine;  assertion,  ac- 
knowledgment; representation, 
pretense,  protestation. 

ANT.  Denial,  concealment, 
suppression;  retraction,  recan- 
tation, disavowal;  leisure,  fad, 
hobby,  avocation;  trade,  busi- 
ness. 

Proficient.  Expert,  adept,  skil- 
ful, skilled,  competent,  conver- 
sant, qualified,  practiced,  ac- 
complished, finished,  trained. 

ANT.  Unskilled,  inexpert, 
awkward,  ignorant,  backward, 
inconversant,  incompetent,  un- 
trained, unpracticed,  inept. 


[  234  ] 


pro] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[pro 


Profit.  Gain,  advantage,  bene- 
fit, emolument,  improvement, 
proceeds,  utility,  usefulness,  re- 
turns, value,  receipts,  avail, 
expediency,  good,  service. 

ANT.  Damage,  destruction, 
harm,  hurt,  loss,  injury,  waste, 
ruin,  detriment,  disadvantage. 

Profitable.  Lucrative,  beneficial, 
useful,  advantageous,  produc- 
tive, desirable,  gainful,  remun- 
erative. 

ANT.  Useless,  vain,  fruit- 
less, unproductive,  unremuner- 
ative,  unprofitable,  undesirable, 
disadvantageous,  detrimental, 
unbeneficial. 

Profound.  Deep,  descending ; 
thorough ;  fathomless,  abys- 
mal ;  mysterious,  abstruse,  oc- 
cult, obscure,  recondite;  com- 
plete ;  penetrating,  intimate, 
intense,  philosophical. 

ANT.  Superficial,  shallow, 
commonplace,  external,  slight, 
apparent,  obvious,  incomplete; 
surface. 

Progress.  Advance,  advance- 
ment, attainment,  increase,  im- 
provement, proficiency,  progres- 
sion, growth,  development. 

ANT.  Delay,  check,  retro- 
gression, stay,  stop,  stoppage, 
falling  off,  relapse,  decline, 
falling  back. 

Prohibit.  Forbid,  hinder,  in- 
hibit, interdict,  preclude,  pre- 
vent, debar,  disallow. 

ANT.  Allow,  empower,  let, 
license,  order,  require,  sanction, 
authorize,  command,  direct,  en- 
join, permit,  warrant,  suffer, 
tolerate,  put  up  with,  give  per- 
mission, give  consent,  consent 
to. 

Prolific.  Fertile,  fruitful,  pro- 
ductive, generating,  teeming, 
active. 

ANT.  Barren,  sterile,  unpro- 
ductive, unfruitful,  effete. 


Prolix.  Long,  diffuse,  tiresome, 
prolonged,  protracted;  wordy, 
verbose,  prosaic,  rambling,  dis- 
cursive; tedious,  wearisome. 

ANT.  Condensed,  terse,  con- 
cise, brief,  laconic,  curt,  epi- 
grammatic. 

Prominent.  Projecting,  mani- 
fest, protuberant,  conspicuous; 
eminent,  distinguished,  famous, 
celebrated,  important,  main, 
principal,  leading,  characteris- 
tic. 

ANT.  Receding,  hollowed, 
concave,  indented,  engraved; 
insignificant,  secondary,  unim- 
portant, minor,  indistinguish- 
able, indistinct,  subordinate,  in- 
conspicuous, trivial,  immate- 
rial, unessential. 

Promote.  Encourage,  forward, 
foster,  push,  advance,  aid,  as- 
sist, foment,  excite,  furth'er, 
help,  raise,  urge  forward,  urge 
on,  elevate,  exalt. 

ANT.  Abase,  allay;  hinder, 
prevent,  foil,  frustrate. 

Prompt.  Ready,  quick,  agile, 
alert,  brisk,  nimble,  expedi- 
tious; willing,  hasty,  inclined, 
disposed,  responsive,  unhesitat- 
ing. 

ANT.  Dilatory,  slow,  tardy, 
lingering,  loitering,  inactive, 
sluggish,  unready,  unrespon- 
sive, procrastinating,  behind- 
hand, backward. 

Pronounce.  Deliver,  speak,  ut- 
ter, articulate,  enunciate;  de- 
clare, affirm;  propound,  assert, 
express. 

ANT.  Mispronounce,  gab- 
ble, mumble;  silence,  suppress; 
deny,  retract. 

Propagate.  Increase,  diffuse, 
disseminate,  promote;  spread, 
extend,  generate,  promulgate, 
circulate. 

ANT.  Strangle,  stifle,  extin- 
guish, suppress,  repress,  checkt 


[  235  ] 


pro] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[pro 


hush   up;    contract,   diminish, 
reduce;  contradict,  deny. 

Proper.  Own,  individual,  pecul- 
iar, particular;  right,  fit,  de- 
cent; personal,  constitutional, 
special,  specific;  suitable,  ap- 
propriate, seemly,  legitimate ; 
decent,  respectable. 

ANT.  Common,  universal, 
general;  unfitting,  inappropri- 
ate, unsuitable,  unseemly,  inde- 
cent, wrong,  improper,  unbe- 
coming, unbefitting. 

Propitiation.  Expiation,  sat- 
isfaction, atonement,  reconcili- 
ation. 

ANT.  Reprobation,  retribu- 
tion, vengeance,  wrath,  aliena- 
tion, estrangement,  curse,  pen- 
alty, punishment,  offense,  con- 
demnation, chastisement. 

Propitious.  Auspicious,  kind, 
benign,  gracious,  friendly,  be- 
nignant, clement,  kindly,  fa- 
vorable, merciful. 

ANT.  Adverse,  antagonistic, 
hostile,  repellent,  unfriendly, 
unpropitious,  unfavorable,  ill- 
disposed,  forbidding,  inauspi- 
cious. 

Proportion.  Ratio,  symmetry, 
relation,  harmony,  share,  lot; 
equality,  similarity ;  adjust- 
ment, distribution;  arrange- 
ment, adaptation. 

ANT.  Disproportion,  dispar- 
ity, disorder,  incongruity,  dis- 
crepancy, absurdity,  contrari- 
ety. 

Proposal.  Bid,  offer,  overture, 
proposition. 

ANT.  Acceptance,  denial,  re- 
fusal, rejection,  repulse,  disap- 
proval. 

Proposition.  Proposal,  state- 
ment, offer,  declaration;  over- 
ture, suggestion,  proffer,  ten- 
der; position,  thesis,  dictum, 
assertion,  affirmation,  doctrine. 
ANT.  Withdrawal,  recanta- 


tion, abjuration,  disavowal,  rev- 
ocation. 

Prosperity.  Thrift,  weal,  wel- 
fare, happiness,  well-being,  suc- 
cess, good  fortune. 

ANT.  Woe,  misfortune,  ill 
luck,  failure,  adversity,  calam- 
ity, reverses,  affliction,  distress, 
disaster,  misery. 

Protest,  v.  Assert,  aver,  attest, 
testify;  affirm,  declare;  assev- 
erate, avow,  profess;  expostu- 
late, remonstrate,  repudiate, 
deprecate,  denounce. 

ANT.  Retract,  utithdraic,  ab- 
jure, revoke;  coincide,  sanction, 
agree,  endorse,  subscribe,  ac- 
quiesce. 

Protract.  Defer,  continue,  delay, 
extend,  elongate,  lengthen,  pro- 
crastinate, postpone,  prolong, 
draw  out. 

ANT.  Abbreviate,  contract, 
conclude,  hasten,  hurry,  reduce, 
shorten,  abridge,  curtail,  limit. 

Proud.  Arrogant,  haughty,  pre- 
sumptuous, lordly;  worthy,  ad- 
mirable, grand,  splendid,  mag- 
nificent, ostentatious ;  lofty,  su- 
percilious, imperious,  boast- 
ful, elated,  imposing,  vainglo- 
rious. 

ANT.  Humble,  unassuming, 
unobtrusive,  meek,  lowly,  mild, 
submissive,  unpretending,  def- 
erential, affable,  unpresuming, 
mean. 

Proverb.  Axiom,  byword,  dic- 
tum, adage,  aphorism,  maxim, 
motto,  precept,  truism,  saying, 
saw,  apothegm. 

Provide.  Prepare,  supply,  af- 
ford, contribute,  furnish;  en- 
gage, bargain,  agree ;  stipulate ; 
procure. 

ANT.  Neglect,  withhold,  re- 
fuse, mismanage,  appropriate, 
overlook;  divert,  alienate,  mis- 
use; fail,  disappoint. 

Provocation.      Vexation,   incite- 


[  2.18  1 


pro] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


ment,  stimulus,  incentive;  af- 
front, insult,  offense,  indig- 
nity. 

ANT.  Pacification,  mitiga- 
tion, assuagement;  deference, 
compliment,  homage,  honor,  re- 
spect. 

Prowess.  Heroism,  valor,  gal- 
lantry, bravery,  courage,  in- 
trepidity. 

ANT.  Fear,  effeminacy,  ti- 
midity, cowardice,  cowardli- 
ness, pusillanimity. 

Prudence.  Discretion,  frugal- 
ity, forethought,  judgment,  ju- 
diciousness, providence,  care, 
caution,  foresight,  wisdom,  con- 
sideration, carefulness,  circum- 
spection. 

ANT.  Folly,  heedlessness, 
prodigality,  recklessness,  indis- 
cretion, wastefulness,  improvi- 
dence, imprudence,  thoughtless- 
ness, rashness. 

Prudent.  Cautious,  considerate, 
judicious,  provident;  circum- 
spect, sagacious,  wise,  discreet; 
frugal,  economical,  thrifty. 

ANT.  Reckless,  inconsider- 
ate, improvident,  wasteful,  ex- 
travagant, lavish,  prodigal;  in- 
discreet, unwise;  foolish,  rash, 
imprudent,  audacious. 

Public.  Common,  general,  popu- 
lar, social,  open;  notorious. 

ANT.  Private,  individual,  se- 
cret, domestic,  secluded,  close, 
personal. 

Punctilious.  Exact,  particular, 
precise,  careful,  nice,  scrupu- 
lous, conscientious ;  punctual, 
ceremonious. 

ANT.  Careless,  slovenly,  un- 
scrupulous; informal,  uncere- 
monious. 

Puny.  Small,  feeble,  inferior, 
petty;  weak,  diminutive,  unde- 
veloped, dwarfed,  stunted,  un- 
dersized, tiny. 


ANT.  Large,  great,  rolu-st, 
developed,  fine,  vigorous;  colos- 
sal, gigantic. 

Pupil.  Learner,  disciple,  student, 
novice,  ward,  tyro. 

ANT.  Teacher,  master,  profi- 
cient, scholar,  adept;  guardian. 

Purchase,  v.  Buy,  obtain,  pro- 
cure, secure,  acquire,  bargain 
for,  barter  for,  get. 

ANT.  Exchange,  sell,  barter, 
dispose  of,  put  to  sale. 

Pure.  Innocent,  unsullied,  spot- 
less, unspotted,  stainless,  true, 
guiltless,  incorrupt,  clean,  gen- 
uine, chaste,  guileless,  classic, 
classical,  holy,  immaculate,  vir- 
tuous, real,  sheer,  mere,  simple, 
unmixed,  unpolluted,  unadul- 
terated, unmingled,  undefiled, 
unblemished,  uncorrupted,  un- 
stained, untainted,  untarnished, 
upright,  perfect. 

ANT.  Impure,  indecent,  pol- 
luted, foul,  tainted,  unchaste, 
immodest,  lewd,  obscene,  indeli- 
cate, defiled,  dirty,  filthy,  gross, 
mixed,  stained,  sullied,  unclean, 
tarnished,  adulterated. 

Purpose,  n.  Design,  end,  inten- 
tion, aim,  scope,  meaning,  ob- 
ject, plan,  intention,  purport, 
effect,  project. 

ANT.  Lot,  chance,  accident, 
haphazard,  casualty,  fate. 

Put.  Deposit,  place,  set,  lay; 
cause,  produce,  propose,  state; 
attach,  attribute,  assign;  as- 
sume, suppose;  entice,  con- 
strain. 

ANT.  Remove,  raise,  with- 
draw, displace,  transpose,  trans- 
fer, change. 

Putrid.  Decayed,  decomposed, 
rotten,  stinking,  putrefied,  foul, 
offensive. 

ANT.  Clean,  sweet,  whole- 
some, fragrant,  pure,  healthful, 
fresh. 


[  237  ] 


qua] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[qui 


Q 


Quaint.  Odd,  antique;  curious, 
fanciful,  affected,  whimsical ; 
archaic,  singular,  unusual ;  an- 
tiquated, extraordinary,  droll. 

ANT.  Commonplace,  usual, 
ordinary,  common;  fashionable, 
modish,  modern. 

'Quality.  Property,  peculiarity, 
sort,  disposition,  temper;  char- 
acter, attribute,  rank,  part,  po- 
sition; characteristic;  acquisi- 
tion; nature,  trait,  mood,  con- 
dition, station,  capacity,  ten- 
dency. 

ANT.  Negation,  heterogene- 
ity, anomalousness,  lack  of  dis- 
tinction, nondescript,  weakness, 
ineffectiveness,  incapacity,  dis- 
qualification. 

Quantity.  Greatness,  measure, 
amount,  bulk,  extent,  size,  ag- 
gregate, length,  duration,  con- 
tent, comprehensiveness. 

ANT.  Scantiness,  want,  de- 
ficiency, margin,  deterioration, 
diminution,  waste,  wear,  loss. 

Queer.  Curious,  bizarre,  droll, 
comical,  odd,  peculiar,  quaint, 
strange,  uncommon,  unusual, 
whimsical,  singular,  ridiculous, 
anomalous,  fantastic,  funny,  er- 
ratic, extraordinary,  ludicrous, 
grotesque,  laughable,  preposter- 
ous, unique,  unmatched,  eccen- 
tric, crotchety. 

ANT.  Common,  customary, 
normal,  ordinary,  usual,  regu- 
lar, familiar,  natural. 

Querimonious,  Querulous.  La- 
menting, complaining,  whining, 
bewailing,  mourning,  murmur- 
ing, discontented,  dissatisfied, 
malcontent. 

ANT.  Contented,  easy,  uncom- 
plaining, satisfied,  complacent, 
cheerful,  genial,  good-tempered. 
Query,    Question,    n.      Inquiry, 
doubt;    point,    topic,    subject; 


dispute,  discussion,  debate;  in- 
vestigation, examination ;  ex- 
perimentation, scrutiny,  inter- 
rogation. 

ANT.  Solution,  explanation, 
answer,  reply,  response;  conces- 
sion, admission. 

Question,  v.  Ask,  interrogate, 
catechize,  doubt,  controvert,  dis- 
pute; examine,  converse  with; 
call  in  question ;  inquire,  inves- 
tigate, query,  tlubitate. 

ANT.  Answer,  reply,  satisfy, 
respond. 

Quick.  Speedy,  expeditious,  ac- 
tive, rapid,  nimble,  fleet,  alert, 
lively,  sprightly;  alive,  living, 
animate;  agile,  brisk,  ready; 
hasty,  swift;  impatient,  eager, 
passionate ;  fresh,  bracing,  keen, 
sharp ;  sensitive,  perceptive,  in- 
telligent. 

ANT.  Slow,  tardy,  inactive, 
inert,  sluggish,  dull,  insensitive, 
deliberate,  gradual,  moderate, 
late,  unready,  dilatory,  slack, 
unresponsive,  lingering,  heavy, 
stupid,  wearisome. 

Quicken.  Hasten,  hurry,  accel- 
erate, despatch,  drive,  expedite, 
facilitate,  further,  speed,  urge, 
promote,  advance,  make  haste, 
press  forward. 

ANT.  Hinder,  impede,  check, 
obstruct,  retard,  clog,  delay. 

Quiet,  n.  Rest,  repose,  tranquil- 
lity, silence,  calm,  peace,  still- 
ness. 

ANT.  Tumult,  noise,  shout- 
ing, action,  commotion,  activ- 
ity, storm;  unrest,  excitement, 
agitation,  disturbance,  turmoil. 

Quiet,  a.  Tranquil,  unruffled, 
smooth,  unmolested,  peaceful, 
undisturbed,  peaceable,  calm, 
patient,  contented,  hushed, 
still,  placid;  gentle,  mild,  un- 
demonstrative, meek. 


[  238  ] 


quo] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


[rap 


ANT.  Turbulent,  tumultu- 
ous, uproarious,  disturbed,  agi- 
tated, wild,  excited,  violent,  un- 
easy, boisterous,  restless,  con- 
futed, noisy. 


Quote.  Cite,  recite,  plagiarize, 
repeat,  excerpt,  extract,  para- 
phrase. 

ANT.     Suppress,  ignore,  di*~ 
dain,  omit. 


R 


Babble.  Mob,  crowd,  people,  pop- 
ulace; herd,  the  masses,  mul- 
titudes, commonalty ;  scum, 
dregs. 

ANT.  Aristocracy,  nobility, 
elite,  galaxy. 

Racy.  Lively,  piquant,  pungent, 
spicy,  spirited,  forcible,  flavor- 
ous,  rich. 

ANT.  Flat,  cold,  flavorless, 
insipid,  stale,  stupid,  tasteless, 
dull,  prosy,  vapid. 

Radiant.  Lustrous,  brilliant, 
splendid,  gorgeous,  glittering, 
glaring,  radiating,  beaming,  re- 
splendent, shining,  sparkling, 
luminous,  effulgent,  glorious. 

ANT.  Dull,  dark,  somber, 
murky,  lusterless,  non-lumi- 
nous, sunless,  shadowy,  lurid, 
cloudy,  gloomy,  obscure,  over- 
cast, ebon,  black. 

Radical.  Fundamental,  innate, 
essential,  native,  natural,  orig- 
inal, organic,  primitive ;  entire, 
complete,  extreme,  thorough, 
positive,  perfect,  thorough-go- 
ing, total;  ingrained,  constitu- 
tional. 

ANT.  Superficial,  tentative, 
trial;  inadequate,  incomplete, 
moderate,  partial,  palliative, 
slighl;  conservative. 

liaise.  Lift,  elevate,  heave;  ex- 
alt, advance,  enhance ;  increase, 
excite,  aggravate,  intensify, 
heighten,  set  upright;  awaken, 
arouse,  originate,  produce,  ef- 
fect, cause;  build,  erect;  levy, 
collect;  propagate,  breed,  rear; 


bring  up,  incite,  start;    utter, 
summon;   cultivate. 

ANT.  Depress,  lower,  drop, 
sink,  let  doion;  degrade,  dis- 
grace; debase,  humble,  reduce} 
lessen,  diminish,  decrease. 
Ramble.  Rove,  roam,  wander, 
range,  stroll,  saunter,  straggle, 
stray. 

ANT.  Speed,  hasten,  drive, 
run,  proceed,  rush,  hurry. 
Random,  a.  Chance,  haphazard, 
fortuitous,  casual,  wandering, 
stray,  wild,  aimless,  purpose- 
less, unpremeditated,  acciden- 
tal, vague. 

ANT.  Aimed,  intended,  con- 
trolled, purposed,  deliberate, 
designed,  intentional,  regular, 
systematic,  planned. 
Ransom,  v.  Redeem,  liberate,, 
rescue,  deliver,  release,  emanci- 
pate, indemnify. 

ANT.  Hold  for  ransom,  kid- 
nap, imprison,  hold  as  hostage, 
indict,  fine,  mulct,  prosecute. 
Rapid.  Swift,  quick,  fast,  fleet, 
hasty,  brisk,  expeditious,  hur- 
ried. 

ANT.  Slow,  deliberate,  cum- 
brous, lazy,  retarded,  moder- 
ate, gradual,  dilatory,  linger- 
ing, tardy. 

Rapidity.  Rapidness,  haste,  ce- 
lerity, speed,  velocity,  agility, 
swiftness,  fleetness,  quickness, 
despatch. 

ANT.  Sloioness.  dilatoriness, 
tardiness,  delay,  deliberateness^ 
moderation. 


[  239  ] 


Tar] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[rea 


Hare.  Curious,  extraordinary, 
incomparable,  odd,  peculiar,  re- 
markable, precious,  scarce,  sin- 
gular, strange,  uncommon,  un- 
usual, unprecedented,  unique, 
unparalleled,  infrequent. 

ANT.  General,  usual,  nor- 
mal. 

Hash.  Precipitate,  headlong,  in- 
discreet, foolhardy,  hasty,  heed- 
less, thoughtless,  incautious, 
careless,  inconsiderate,  unwary. 
ANT.  Cautious,  wary,  dis- 
creet, thoughtful,  prudent,  cel- 
culating;  timid,  hesitating,  re- 
luctant. 

Bational.  Sane,  sound,  intelli- 
gent, reasonable,  sensible,  wise, 
discreet,  judicious;  reasoning, 
intellectual ;  sagacious,  equi- 
table, enlightened. 

ANT.  Irrational,  insane,  un- 
sound, foolish,  absurd,  injudi- 
cious, unreasonable,  preposter- 
ous, unintelligent,  extravagant. 

Haw.  Unprepared,  uncooked, 
immature,  unripe,  unseasoned, 
inexperienced,  unpracticed,  un- 
tried, unwrought,  unfinished ; 
bare,  galled;  chilly,  bleak. 

ANT.  Cooked,  dressed,  pre- 
pared, developed,  mature,  ripe, 
mellow,  seasoned,  practiced,  ex- 
perienced, tried,  tested,  expert, 
habituated,  familiar,  trained; 
healed;  genial,  balmy. 

Heach.  Attain,  arrive,  get  to, 
enter,  land,  come  to,  gain. 

ANT.  Depart,  leave,  set  out, 
weigh  anchor,  embark,  start, 
go,  go  away,  set  sail. 

Heady.  Prompt,  expeditious, 
speedy,  unhesitating,  dexter- 
ous, apt,  skilled,  handy,  expert, 
facile,  easy,  opportune,  fitted, 
prepared,  disposed,  free,  will- 
ing, cheerful. 

ANT.  Tardy,  slow,  inexpedi- 
tious,  hesitating,  clumsy,  inept, 
•unskilled,  inexpert,  hard,  diffi- 


cult, inopportune,  unfit,  ill-pre- 
pared, unwilling,  reluctant,  un- 
responsive, unaccommodating. 

Heal.  Actual,  veritable,  genu- 
ine, demonstrable,  substantial, 
authentic,  certain ;  developed, 
essential,  positive;  true,  un- 
questionable. 

ANT.  Illusory,  imaginary, 
unreal,  untrue,  supposititious, 
fictitious,  hypothetical,  fabu- 
lous, fanciful,  conceived,  sup- 
posed, feigned,  reported,  vision- 
ary, theoretical. 

Reality.  Verity,  actuality,  sub- 
stance, truth,  genuineness,  au- 
thenticity, fact,  substantiality, 
existence. 

ANT.  Fiction,  falsehood,  un- 
truth, myth,  imagination,  fab- 
rication, fancy,  supposition, 
unreality,  chimera,  vision,  hy- 
pothesis, hollowness. 

Realm.  Domain,  kingdom,  re- 
gion, province,  country,  depart- 
ment, empire,  state;  jurisdic- 
tion, sovereignty,  dominion. 

ANT.  Anarchy,  insurrection; 
independence;  democracy. 

Rear.  Lift,  elevate,  erect,  raise, 
build,  establish,  exalt,  foster, 
construct,  breed,  educate,  in- 
struct, train,  discipline,  cher- 
ish. 

ANT.  Tear  down,  degrade, 
undermine,  depress,  overthrow; 
destroy,  kill,  demolish,  subvert, 
stifle,  extinguish. 

Reason,  n.  Cause,  ground,  aim, 
motive,  account,  argument,  de- 
sign, consideration,  end,  object, 
purpose,  principle. 

ANT.  Pretext,  pretense,  fal- 
sification; unreason,  unreason- 
ableness, irrationality,  absurd- 
ity, fallacy. 

Reason,  v.  Debate,  demonstrate, 
argue,  contend,  discuss,  prove, 
establish,  question,  controvert, 
wrangle,  dispute. 


[  240  ] 


rea] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[rec 


ANT.  Quibble,  pervert,  equiv- 
ocate, evade,  mystify ;  cavil,  re- 
fine; misrepresent;  dictate,  as- 
sert. 

Reasoning.  Argument,  argu- 
mentation, debate,  ratiocina- 
tion. 

ANT.  Sophistry,  instinct,  in- 
tuition, presentiment. 

Rebellious.  Intractable,  refrac- 
tory, seditious,  unmanageable, 
contumacious,  disobedient,  in- 
subordinate, mutinous,  ungov- 
ernable, uncontrollable. 

ANT.  Deferential,  compli- 
ant, docile,  manageable,  obedi- 
ent, submissive,  subservient, 
yielding,  tractable,  gentle,  con- 
trollable, dutiful. 

Recant.  Retract,  revoke,  recall, 
abjure,  disown,  disavow,  re- 
nounce. 

ANT.  Profess,  confess,  as- 
sert, declare,  enunciate,  main- 
tain, hold;  vindicate. 

Reception.  Admission,  receipt; 
entertainment ;  acceptance,  cre- 
dence; welcome. 

ANT.  Rejection,  dismissal, 
repudiation,  denial,  protest,  re- 
nunciation, disavowal. 

Recite.  Describe,  recapitulate, 
detail,  number;  repeat,  deliver, 
rehearse;  relate,  narrate,  re- 
count; quote;  count,  enumer- 
ate, tell. 

ANT.  Misquote,  garble,  fal- 
sify, misrepresent,  pervert;  for- 
get, fail. 

Reckless.  Mindless,  negligent, 
thoughtless,  regardless,  uncon- 
cerned, inattentive,  remiss,  im- 
provident, rash,  inconsiderate. 
ANT.  Circumspect,  careful, 
wary,  thoughtful,  mindful,  at- 
tentive, considerate,  provident, 
prudent,  calculating. 

Recognize.  Acknowledge,  con- 
fess, own,  allow,  concede,  iden- 
tify, avow. 


ANT.  Overlook,  repudiate, 
disown,  ignore,  disavow,  dis* 
claim. 

Reconcile.  Placate,  propitiate, 
pacify,  appease;  conciliate,  re- 
unite, content,  harmonize;  ad- 
just, settle,  compose. 

ANT.  Separate,  sever,  alien' 
ate,  estrange,  disaffect. 

Reconciliation.  Reconcilement, 
reunion,  pacification,  appease- 
ment, propitiation,  atonement, 
expiation;  adjustment,  restora- 
tion, harmony. 

ANT.  Separation,  estrange- 
ment, alienation,  disaffection. 

Record.  Account,  entry,  enrol- 
ment, catalogue,  enumeration, 
inventory,  register,  roll;  ar- 
chive, chronicle,  document,  his- 
tory, inscription,  instrument, 
memorandum,  memorial,  muni- 
ment, schedule,  scroll. 

Recover.  Cure,  heal,  retrieve, 
restore;  be  cured  or  healed,  re- 
cruit, recuperate,  resume;  re- 
animate, repossess. 

ANT.  Relapse,  sink,  die,  fail, 
grow  worse. 

Recovery.  Repossession,  resump- 
tion ;  recruiting,  healing,  resto- 
ration; regaining,  recupera 
tion,  convalescence,  retrieval, 
redemption,  resuscitation,  re- 
vival ;  vindication,  reinstate- 
ment, reestablishment. 

ANT.  Loss,  forfeiture,  pri- 
vation, damage,  ruin,  destruc- 
tion, waste :  illness,  relapse,  de- 
clension, incurableness,  hope- 
lessness. 

Recreation.  Sport,  amusement, 
diversion,  refreshment,  reani- 
mation;  holiday,  pastime,  re- 
laxation. 

ANT.  Toil,  labor,  work,  in- 
dustry, employment,  fatigue, 
weariness,  lassitude,  exhaus- 
tion. 

Rectitude.    Justice,  honesty,  up- 


red] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[reh 


Tightness,  fairness,  integrity, 
straightforwardness,  conscien- 
tiousness, equity. 

ANT.  Iniquity,  wrong,  injus- 
tice, immorality,  corruption, 
dishonesty,  duplicity,  under- 
handedness. 

Redemption.  Ransom,  release, 
rescue,  retrieval,  recovery,  de- 
liverance, liberation,  salvation; 
discharge,  fulfilment ;  atone- 
ment, compensation. 

ANT.  Abandonment,  forfeit- 
ure, sacrifice,  betrayal,  depriva- 
tion, desertion. 

Reduce.  Lessen,  decrease,  cur- 
tail, abate,  shorten,  impair, 
lower,  subjugate,  subject;  di- 
minish, attenuate,  abridge,  con- 
tract; subdue. 

ANT.  Magnify,  augment,  ex- 
pand, amplify,  exalt,  raise,  in- 
vigorate, promote,  restore,  re- 
pair, renovate,  transform. 

Redundant.  Exuberant,  super- 
abundant, overflowing,  pleo- 
nastic ;  superfluous,  excessive, 
copious,  plentiful;  unneces- 
sary. 

ANT.  Requisite,  necessary, 
sufficient,  enough;  scanty,  de- 
ficient, scarce,  wanting,  lack- 
ing, incomplete,  inadequate,  in- 
sufficient. 

Refinement.  Culture,  elegance, 
cultivation,  civilization,  po- 
liteness. 

ANT.  Coarseness,  grossness, 
rudeness,  rusticity,  barbarism, 
boorishness,  brutality,  clown- 
ishness,  savagery,  vulgarity. 

Reflect.  Consider,  think,  cogi- 
tate, meditate,  contemplate,  ru- 
minate, ponder,  muse;  animad- 
vert. 

ANT.  Idle,  dream,  imagine, 
fancy,  wander,  rove;  disregard, 
neglect. 

Reform,  v.  Amend,  correct,  rec- 
tify, emend,  repair,  better,  im- 


prove, restore,  reclaim,  mend; 
remodel. 

ANT.  Corrupt,  impair,  viti- 
ate, deteriorate,  deform;  spoil, 
deprave,  pollute,  defile,  injure, 
contaminate. 

Refuge.  Shelter,  asylum,  re- 
treat, covert;  protection,  sanc- 
tuary, stronghold,  defense;  hid- 
ing-place, harbor. 

ANT.  Exposure,  peril,  snare, 
menace,  pitfall,  danger,  threat. 

Regard,  v.  Consider,  observe,  re- 
mark, heed,  mind,  respect*  es- 
teem, estimate,  value;  attend, 
notice;  contemplate;  revere, 
reverence. 

ANT.  Overlook,  disregard, 
miss,  neglect,  omit;  misprize; 
dislike,  hate,  loathe;  contemn. 

Regret,  n.  Grief,  concern,  sor- 
row, lamentation,  repentance, 
penitence,  self-condemnation; 
compunction,  remorse,  contri- 
tion. 

ANT.  Joy,  exultation,  hap- 
piness, delight,  self-gratula* 
tion,  approbation;  praise,  com- 
mendation; felicitation. 

Regular.  Orderly,  methodical; 
conformable,  agreeing;  gov- 
erned, subject;  normal;  consti- 
tuted, selected;  customary,  sys- 
tematic, stated,  established,  pe- 
riodical, recognized,  formal,  re- 
current, certain. 

ANT.  Unusual,  exceptional, 
rare,  irregular,  abnormal,  ec- 
centric, capricious,  variable, 
uncertain,  erratic. 

Regulation.  Rule,  method,  prin- 
ciple, precept;  adjustment,  dis- 
posal ;  arrangement,  ordering, 
disposition,  government,  con- 
trol. 

ANT.  Disorder,  anarchy,  li- 
cense, misgovernment,  misrule, 
non-regulation,  cap-rice,  malad- 
justment, derangement. 

Rehearse.     Recapitulate,  detail, 


[  242  ] 


rej] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[rem 


recount,  describe,  tell ;  narrate, 
repeat,  recite,  relate;  practice. 
ANT.    Misrepresent;  act,  per- 
form, pla;/. 

Rejoice.  Delight,  joy,  exult,  tri- 
umph, please,  cheer,  exhilarate, 
gladden,  transport,  charm,  en- 
liven, gratify,  make  happy. 

ANT.  Mourn,  grieve,  weep, 
lament,  pain,  distress,  defeat, 
sadden,  deaden,  vex,  annoy,  op- 
press, afflict,  trouble,  depress, 
burden,  deject. 

Relation.  Recital,  rehearsal,  ac- 
count, narration,  tale,  narra- 
tive, detail,  description;  kin- 
dred, affinity,  consanguinity, 
kinsman,  kinswoman;  connec- 
tion, association,  pertinency, 
relevancy,  agreement. 

ANT.  Action,  happening,  oc- 
currence; alien,  stranger,  for- 
eigner; absoluteness,  disagree- 
ment, dissociation,  disconnec- 
tion, irrelevancy. 

Belease,  v.  Discharge,  extricate, 
disengage,  quit,  acquit;  free, 
loose,  liberate;  exempt,  indem- 
nify; deliver,  remit. 

ANT.  Hold,  bind,  constrain, 
confine,  fetter,  shackle,  fine, 
imprison,  sentence,  condemn. 

Relief.  Alleviation,  mitigation, 
aid,  help,  succor,  assistance,  re- 
dress, remedy,  indemnification; 
exemption,  deliverance,  refresh- 
ment, support,  comfort. 

ANT.  Oppression,  persecu- 
tion, aggravation,  severity,  cru- 
elty; weariness,  discomfort,  ex- 
haustion. 

Religion.  Devotion,  faith,  pi- 
ety, righteousness,  holiness,  mo- 
rality, godliness,  pietism,  wor- 
ship, theology. 

ANT.  Irreligion,  atheism,  un- 
belief, blasphemy,  impiety,  god- 
lessness,  profanity,  sacrilege, 
ungodliness,  wickedness. 

Relinquish.    Resign,  leave,  quit, 


forsake,  abandon,  renounce,  de- 
sert, forbear,  forego;  surrender, 
discontinue. 

ANT.  Retain,  hold,  Iceep,  de- 
tain, preserve,  support,  cling  to, 
sustain,  maintain;  continue,  be 
constant  to,  persevere,  persist. 

Reluctant.  Loath,  slow,  disin« 
clined,  indisposed,  averse,  back- 
ward, opposed,  unwilling. 

ANT.  Eager,  favorable,  will- 
ing, inclined,  desirous,  disposed. 

Remain.  Wait,  tarry,  rest,  so- 
journ, last,  dwell ;  stay,  abide, 
continue,  endure;  survive,  out- 
live. 

ANT.  Leave,  abandon,  depart, 
remove,  go,  disappear,  flit;  die, 
pass. 

Remark.  Comment,  note,  obser- 
vation, utterance,  annotation. 

Remarkable.  Observable,  rare, 
noticeable,  extraordinary,  un- 
usual, strange,  wonderful,  not- 
able, eminent:  distinguished, 
famous,  prominent,  conspicu- 
ous; singular,  peculiar,  individ- 
ual. 

ANT.  Ordinary,  usual,  com- 
monplace, mediocre,  everyday, 
common,  general. 

Remembrance.  Memory,  recol- 
lection, reminiscence;  memento, 
souvenir,  memorandum,  memo- 
rial, token. 

ANT.  Oblivion,  forgetful- 
ness. 

Reminiscence.  Memory,  recol- 
lection, remembrance;  remnant, 
relic,  trace. 

ANT.  Oblivion,  forgetful- 
ness;  announcement,  warning, 
suggestion,  prognostic. 

Remote.  Removed,  far,  distant; 
irrelevant,  not  related ;  foreign, 
indirect,  unconnected,  alien,  un- 
allied;  separate,  abstract. 

ANT.  Near,  close,  direct,  re- 
lated, connected,  contiguous, 
immediate;  present,  pressing. 


I  243  ] 


ren] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[rep 


urgent;    proximate;    essential, 
important. 

Rend.  Burst,  break,  rip,  sever, 
mangle,  rupture,  sunder,  tear, 
lacerate,  rive,  slit. 

ANT.  Mend,  reunite,  secure, 
unite,  weld,  heal,  join,  solder, 
sew,  stitch. 

Render.  Return,  pay  back,  re- 
store; requite;  give  up,  yield, 
surrender;  furnish,  contribute, 
deliver ;  translate,  interpret, 
set  forth,  exhibit,  try  out;  ap- 
portion, give,  present,  assign. 

ANT.  Keep,  withhold,  appro- 
priate, retain,  refuse,  use,  ap- 
ply, employ;  alienate,  misap- 
portion. 

Renounce.  Abandon,  abjure,  de- 
ny, disavow,  disown,  forswear, 
disclaim,  retract,  repudiate,  re- 
voke, recall,  refuse,  reject,  dis- 
card, recant. 

ANT.  Advocate,  avow,  claim, 
assert,  defend,  hold,  proclaim, 
own,  acknowledge,  cherish,  re- 
tain, uphold,  vindicate,  main- 
tain. 

Renown.  Fame,  distinction,  no- 
tice, repute,  name,  reputation, 
celebrity,  honor,  glory,  emi- 
nence. 

ANT.  Disgrace,  shame,  dis- 
honor, disrepute,  discredit,  deg- 
radation, taint,  stain,  brand. 

Renunciation.  Denial,  disown- 
ment,  renouncement,  disclaim- 
er, rejection,  abjuration,  recan- 
tation, abandonment. 

ANT.  Maintenance,  support, 
vindication,  assertion,  defense, 
apology,  justification. 

Repeat.  Reiterate,  renew,  re- 
late, recapitulate,  recite,  repro- 
duce, rehearse,  renovate. 

ANT.  Discontinue,  drop,  end, 
finish,  stop,  cease,  break  off,  in- 
terrupt. 

Repentance.  Penitence,  regret, 
remorse,  sorrow,  compunction, 


contrition,     self-condemnation, 
contriteness. 

ANT.  Impenitence,  obsti- 
nacy, obduracy;  comfort,  com- 
placency, approval,  hardness, 
content,  self-approval,  self- 
complacency,  self-congratula- 
tion; stubbornness. 

Repletion.  Fulness,  superabun- 
dance, plethora,  abundance,  am- 
plitude, sufficiency,  enough. 

ANT.  Scarcity,  want,  lack, 
insufficiency,  need. 

Reply.  Answer,  respond,  rejoin, 
replicate. 

ANT.  Question,  query,  ask, 
inquire;  disregard,  pass,  drop, 
ignore. 

Report.  Account,  description, 
narration,  narrative,  recital,  re- 
hearsal, relation,  record,  tale., 
rumor,  statement,  story. 

ANT.  Allegory,  fabrication, 
fiction. 

Repose,  n.  Rest,  recumbency, 
reclination,  ease,  quiet,  quiet- 
ness, tranquillity,  peace;  calm- 
ness, quiescence. 

ANT.  Unrest,  agitation,  tu- 
mult, movement,  restlessness, 
turmoil,  commotion,  distrac- 
tion. 

Represent.  Present  anew,  por- 
tray, typify,  delineate;  person- 
ate, act;  perform;  depict,  de- 
scribe, show,  exhibit. 

ANT.  Misrepresent;  falsify, 
caricature,  distort. 

Reproach,  n.  Disrepute,  oppro- 
brium, discredit,  dishonor,  in- 
vective, contumely,  reviling,  vil- 
ification, abuse,  scurrility,  inso- 
lence, insult,  scorn,  contempt, 
ignominy,  shame,  scandal,  dis- 
grace, infamy. 

ANT.  Approbation,  satisfac- 
tion, praise,  encouragement,  ex- 
altation, commendation,  honor, 
applause,  eulogy,  assent,  accep- 
tance, approval. 


[  244  ] 


rep] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[res 


Reproach,  -w.  Chide,  rebuke,  re- 
vile, condemn,  vilify;  blame, 
censure,  taunt,  upbraid,  re- 
prove. 

ANT.  Praise,  approve,  com- 
mend, laud,  applaud,  eulogize. 

Reproof.  Comment,  criticism, 
disapproval,  chiding,  reproach, 
upbraiding,  reproval,  admoni- 
tion, animadversion;  censure, 
blame,  condemnation,  denunci- 
ation, objurgation,  reprehen- 
sion, rebuke,  reprimand;  re- 
flection, check. 

ANT.  Commendation,  pane- 
gyric, approbation,  applause, 
approval,  encomium,  praise,  eu- 
logy. 

Reprove.  Admonish,  blame,  re- 
proach, censure,  condemn,  rep- 
rimand, warn,  upbraid,  chide, 
check,  chasten,  find  fault  with, 
expostulate  with,  rebuke,  repre- 
hend, remonstrate  with,  take  to 
task. 

ANT.  Abet,  applaud,  encour- 
age, cheer,  countenance,  incite, 
urge  on,  impel,  instigate,  ap- 
prove. 

Repugnant.  Opposite,  opposed, 
adverse,  contrary,  inconsistent, 
irreconcilable,  hostile,  inimical; 
incompatible,  loath ;  heteroge- 
neous. 

ANT.  Harmonious,  friendly, 
amicable,  wining,  consistent, 
compatible,  congruous;  homoge- 
neous. 

Reputable.  Honorable,  respec- 
table, estimable,  creditable. 

ANT.  Disreputable,  disgrace- 
ful, dishonorable,  discreditable, 
despicable. 

Requite.  Avenge,  pay  off,  quit, 
punish,  retaliate,  revenge;  sat- 
isfy, settle  with,  reward,  re- 
turn, repay,  remunerate,  rec- 
ompense, compensate,  recipro- 
cate. 

ANT.     Absolve,   acquit,   for- 


give, excuse,  neglect,  pardon, 
slight,  forget,  overlook,  pass 
over. 

Research.  Inquiry,  scrutiny,  ex- 
amination, experimentation,  ex- 
ploration, discovery,  investiga- 
tion, study,  observation. 

ANT.  Ignorance,  oversight, 
inobservance ;  shallowness,  su- 
perficiality, sciolism. 

Reserve,  n.  Reservation,  reten- 
tion, limitation,  backwardness, 
coldness,  shyness,  coyness,  mod- 
esty; taciturnity,  restraint,  re- 
pression, constraint. 

AXT.  Profuseness,  prodigal- 
ity, diffusion;  affability,  genial- 
ity, cordiality,  abandonment, 
surrender,  openness,  frankness, 
transparency,  indiscretion,  vol- 
ubility. 

Resignation.  Relinquishment, 
forsaking,  abandonment,  abdi- 
cation, renunciation,  endur- 
ance; patience,  long-suffering, 
forbearance;  acquiescence,  sub- 
mission. 

ANT.  Maintenance,  grasp, 
resistance,  retention,  rebellion, 
remonstrance,  contention,  reser- 
vation, holding,  keeping,  retain- 
ing, detention;  murmuring,  dis- 
satisfaction, discontent,  protes- 
tation. 

Resolute.  Determined,  decided, 
fixed,  steadfast,  constant,  per- 
severing, firm,  bold,  unshaken, 
steady ;  undaunted,  unflinch- 
ing, stout-hearted. 

ANT.  Irresolute,  timid,  hesi- 
tating, doubtful,  ivavering,  vac- 
illating, capricious,  variable, 
weak,  undetermined,  undecided. 

Resources.  Expedient,  means, 
resort,  contrivance;  supplies, 
devices,  money,  wealth,  appli- 
ances, funds. 

ANT.  Destitution,  poverty, 
indigence,  bareness,  want,  ex- 
haustion, inanition,  lack,  drain. 


[  245  ] 


res] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[rev 


Respectable.  Estimable,  honor- 
able, worthy,  considerable,  rep- 
utable, honest;  passable. 

ANT.  Unworthy,  bad,  mean, 
dishonorable,  dishonest,  paltry, 
inconsiderable. 

Resplendent.  Brilliant,  splen- 
did, glorious,  luminous,  efful- 
gent, gorgeous,  shining,  glitter- 
ing, burnished. 

ANT.  Dull,  tarnished,  luster- 
less,  somber,  dimmed,  sullied. 

Best.  Pause,  peace,  quiet,  still- 
ness, tranquillity,  intermission, 
cessation,  ease,  calm,  peaceful- 
ness,  calmness,  quiescence,  stop, 
repose,  quietude,  quietness,  rec- 
reation, sleep,  slumber. 

ANT.  Agitation,  commotion, 
disturbance,  excitement,  rest- 
lessness, strain,  stir,  tumult, 
work,  unrest,  toil,  disquiet,  mo- 
tion, movement,  rush. 

Restive.  Restless,  restiff,  fidgety, 
fretful,  fractious,  refractory, 
intractable,  impatient,  rebel- 
lious, skittish;  resentful,  recal- 
citrant, balky,  vicious,  unruly, 
stubborn,  mulish,  mutinous,  ob- 
stinate. 

ANT.  Docile,  gentle,  submis- 
sive, passive,  quiet,  tractable, 
yielding,  obedient,  manageable, 
peaceable. 

Restore.  Return,  replace,  re- 
fund, repay,  reinstate,  rebuild, 
repair,  revive,  heal,  cure,  re- 
cover. 

ANT.  Remove,  steal,  appro- 
priate, abstract,  destroy,  shat- 
ter, injure,  dilapidate,  impair; 
deprive;  wound,  harm. 

Restrain.  Constrain,  hold  in, 
check,  repress,  circumscribe, 
confine,  curb,  hinder,  hold,  hold 
back,  restrict,  suppress,  with- 
hold, bridle,  abridge,  keep 
back,  keep  down,  keep  in,  keep 
under. 

ANT.    Let  loose,  set  free,  re- 


lease, arouse,  aid,  emancipate, 
animate,  incite,  excite,  encour- 
age, free,  impel. 

Result.  Consequence,  issue,  con- 
clusion, effect;  end,  event,  ter- 
mination, product,  outcome ;  in- 
ference, deduction ;  resolution, 
determination. 

ANT.  Cause,  beginning,  com- 
mencement, rise,  origin,  ante- 
cedent, prognostic,  initiation, 
premonition,  indication. 

Retinue.  Attendants,  suite,  fol- 
lowers, train,  retainers,  satel- 
lites, escort,  cortege. 

ANT.  Solitariness,  non-atten- 
dance. 

Retirement.  Privacy,  solitude, 
loneliness,  seclusion. 

ANT.  Company,  converse,  so~ 
ciety,  fellowship,  companion- 
ship, association. 

Retribution.  Requital,  retalia- 
tion, payment,  recompense;  re- 
payment, compensation,  reward, 
return ;  penalty,  punishment, 
visitation. 

ANT.  Remission,  reprieve; 
pardon,  condonation,  sparing. 

Retrospect.  Review,  survey,  re- 
consideration, reexamination; 
recollection,  reminiscence,  mem- 
ory. 

ANT.  Prospect,  prophecy,  an- 
ticipation, forecasting,  prognos- 
tication, speculation. 

Return,  v.  Turn  back,  come 
back;  reply,  respond;  answer; 
restore,  recompense,  remit,  ren- 
der; reappear,  recur;  revert, 
retaliate. 

ANT.  Depart,  vanish,  disap- 
pear, remove;  retain,  misappro- 
priate; withhold. 

Revelation.  Disclosure,  mani- 
festation, apocalypse. 

ANT.  Concealment,  shroud- 
ing, veiling,  mystery,  obscura- 
tion, cloud,  cloudiness,  hiding. 

Revenge.      Retaliation,  retribu- 


[  246  ] 


WT] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[rip 


tion,  vengeance,  avenging,  re- 
quital. 

ANT.  Mercy,  pardon,  recon- 
ciliation, pity,  compassion,  ex- 
cuse, grace,  forgiveness. 

Bevenue.  Income ;  taxes,  excise, 
customs,  duties,  rents,  receipts ; 
produce,  return,  wealth,  pro- 
ceeds. 

ANT.  Outgo,  waste,  expendi- 
ture, expense,  deductions,  im- 
poverishment. 

Beverse,  n.  Contrary,  opposite, 
counterpart ;  change,  vicissi- 
tude; inversion,  counter-posi- 
tion; derangement,  alteration; 
rear,  back;  misfortune,  defeat. 
ANT.  Obverse,  front;  order, 
arrangement,  version,  position, 
location;  continuance,  perpet- 
uation, identity,  stability,  reg- 
ularity, uniformity. 

Bevive.  Reanimate,  reinvigor- 
ate;  restore,  raise,  recover,  re- 
new, recall ;  awake,  revivify,  re- 
suscitate. 

ANT.  Kill,  destroy,  extin- 
guish, discourage;  decline,  die, 
droop. 

Revolution.  Lawlessness,  in- 
surrection, revolt,  riot,  sedi- 
tion, anarchy,  insubordination, 
rebellion,  mutiny,  confusion, 
disorder,  tumult,  disintegra- 
tion. 

ANT.  Government,  submis- 
sion, obedience,  authority,  con- 
trol, command,  dominion,  domi- 
nation, law,  empire,  rule,  sov- 
ereignity,  loyalty,  supremacy, 
order. 

Bevolve.     Roll,  rotate,  turn. 

ANT.  Bind,  grind,  stand, 
slide,  slip,  stick,  chafe. 

Steward,  n.  Recompense,  com- 
pensation, remuneration,  pay, 
requital,  retribution,  punish- 
ment. 

Rich.  Wealthy,  opulent,  afflu- 
ent, supplied,  abounding;  abun- 


dant, copious,  bountiful ;  fertile, 
productive;  valued,  sumptuous, 
precious,  costly;  high-seasoned; 
luscious;  vivid. 

ANT.  Poor,  indigent,  needy, 
impoverished,  destitute,  impe- 
cunious, penniless;  lacking, 
scanty,  scarce,  meager;  barren, 
sterile;  trivial,  worthless,  un- 
productive, fruitless,  paltry, 
valueless;  dull,  tame,  dry. 

Riches.  Opulence,  wealth,  af- 
fluence, richness,  plenty,  abun- 
dance. 

ANT.  Poverty,  want,  indi- 
gence, scarcity,  need,  lack,  im- 
pecuniosity. 

Biddle.  Conundrum,  paradox, 
problem,  puzzle,  enigma. 

ANT.  Axiom,  answer,  expla- 
nation, solution,  proposition. 

Ridicule.  Derision,  raillery, 
banter,  burlesque,  irony,  satire, 
mocking,  sarcasm,  gibe,  jeer, 
sneer. 

ANT.  Respect,  homage,  ven- 
eration, deference,  honor. 

Bight,  n.  Claim,  liberty,  pre- 
rogative, license,  privilege,  ex- 
emption, franchise,  immunity, 
duty,  justice,  uprightness,  in- 
tegrity; title,  ownership;  in- 
terest; rectitude,  correctness, 
power;  propriety,  fitness,  suit- 
ableness. 

ANT.  Wrong,  falsehood,  incor- 
rectness, perverseness ;  liability, 
illegitimacy,  non-legality,  usur- 
pation, injustice,  impropriety, 
unfitness,  encroachment,  force, 
violence. 

Righteous.  Holy,  uncorrupt, 
honest,  equitable,  rightful,  up- 
right, virtuous,  just,  good,  con- 
scientious. 

ANT.  Unholy,  corrupt,  dis- 
honest, unjust,  wicked,  evil,  un- 
scrupulous, vicious,  false,  un- 
principled, profligate. 

Ripe.       Mature,    complete,    fin- 


[  247  ] 


rls] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[nil 


ished;  perfect,  developed,  full- 
grown  ;  fit,  consummate ;  pre- 
pared; full,  seasoned,  mellow. 
ANT.  Raw,  unripe,  crude, 
fresK,  green,  unseasoned,  un- 
prepared. 

'Rise,  v.     Arise,  issue,  flow,  pro- 
ceed, spring,  ascend,  emanate. 
ANT.    Descend,  drop,  fall,  go 
down,  set,  settle,  sink,  decline. 

Rival,  v.  Emulate,  antagonize, 
compete  with,  contend,  strive, 
oppose,  equal. 

ANT.  Surrender,  yield,  de- 
fer, retire. 

Bobber.  Brigand,  marauder,  pi- 
rate, plunderer,  thief,  burglar, 
bandit,  highwayman,  footpad, 
despoiler,  depredator,  raider, 
buccaneer,  forager,  freebooter. 

Robust.  Strong,  lusty,  sinewy, 
muscular,  hale,  hearty,  vigor- 
ous, forceful;  healthy,  sturdy, 
sound;  violent,  rude,  rough. 

ANT.  Puny,  weak,  delicate, 
frail,  sickly,  emaciated,  thin, 
slender,  gentle,  mild,  consider- 
ate, tender. 

Romantic.  Sentimental,  fanci- 
ful, fantastic,  fictitious,  wild, 
extravagant,  chimerical. 

ANT.  Unromantic,  truthful, 
unvarnished,  unadorned,  veri- 
fable,  actual,  real,  realistic, 
reasonable. 

Root.  Radix,  radicle,  stock,  ori- 
gin, foundation,  base,  source, 
stem,  parent,  commencement, 
beginning,  radical,  bottom. 

ANT.  Branch,  ramification, 
product,  issue,  progeny,  super- 
structure. 

Rough.  Uneven,  uncut,  boister- 
ous, unpolished;  coarse,  disor- 
dered, shaggy,  ragged;  rude, 
uncivil,  harsh;  loud,  offensive; 
tempestuous,  stormy ;  rugged, 
knotty,  craggy,  gruff;  incom- 
plete ;  uncourteous,  churlish, 
blunt. 


ANT.  Smooth,  plain,  level, 
polished,  flat,  glossy,  sleek, 
soft,  mild,  quiet,  refined,  ten- 
der, gentle;  balmy,  zephyrlike. 

Routine.  Practice,  custom,  pro- 
cedure, round,  course,  wont, 
order;  gradation,  rotation,  se- 
quence, tenor,  system,  method; 
regulation. 

Royal.  August,  kinglike,  ma- 
jestic, munificent,  princely,  re- 
gal, magnificent,  kingly. 

ANT.  Beggarly,  contempt- 
ible, mean,  poor,  servile,  slav- 
ish, vile. 

Rude.  Rough,  uneven,  shapeless, 
unfashioned,  rugged,  uncouth, 
inelegant,  rustic,  vulgar,  raw, 
clownish,  unskilful,  untaught, 
illiterate,  ignorant,  uncivil, 
impolite,  saucy,  impudent,  in- 
solent, surly,  uncivilized,  bru- 
tal, barbarous,  savage,  violent, 
fierce,  tumultuous,  impetuous, 
boisterous,  inclement,  severe. 

ANT.  Polite,  urbane,  accom- 
plished, cultivated,  courteous, 
refined,  civil,  affable,  courtly, 
gracious,  elegant,  polished,  well- 
bred,  obliging;  modest,  bash- 
ful; considerate,  serene,  placid, 
genial,  calm;  fashionable,  mod- 
ern, civilized,  modish. 

Rugged.  Rough,  uneven,  rude, 
wrinkled,  cragged,  harsh,  hard, 
crabbed;  steep,  precipitate;  vio- 
lent, sour,  surly,  boisterous,  tu- 
multuous, stormy,  inclement, 
tempestuous ;  austere,  severe ; 
ruffled,  blunt. 

ANT.  Smooth,  even,  gentle, 
soft,  low;  pleasant,  kindly; 
balmy,  soothing;  complaisant, 
mild. 

Rule.  Regulation,  law,  precept, 
maxim,  canon,  order,  method, 
direction,  control,  sway,  em- 
pire; principle,  practice;  domi- 
nation, mastery,  government ; 
test,  criterion,  formula. 


run] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


[sal 


ANT.  Exception,  deviation, 
eccentricity,  irregularity. 

Bun.  Race,  hasten,  speed,  pro- 
ceed, hurry,  scamper,  post;  go, 
flow,  glide,  move,  roll  on;  melt, 
fuse;  pass,  advance;  course, 
fly,  rush;  hustle;  pursue;  cast, 
shape,  mold;  drive,  force; 
indicate,  mark  out;  incur, 
encounter,  venture,  risk ; 
conduct,  manage,  carry  on; 
flee. 

ANT.  Delay,  walk,  halt,  stop, 
saunter,  rest,  linger,  hesitate; 
harden;  retrograde,  slip. 

Hustle.     Rural,  sylvan,  pastoral, 


country,  countrified,  bucolic, 
agricultural,  verdant ;  artless, 
inelegant,  plain,  rude,  unpol- 
ished, untaught,  unsophisti- 
cated; awkward,  boorish,  out- 
landish, clownish,  coarse,  hoy- 
denish,  uncouth. 

ANT.  City-like,  urban;  ao- 
complished,  elegant,  cultured, 
polite,  urbane,  polished,  well- 
bred,  refined. 

Ruthless.     Cruel,  pitiless,  harsh, 
relentless,  unsparing. 

ANT.  Tender,  gentle,  pitiful, 
compassionate,  lenient,  regret* 
ful,  long-suffering. 


s 


Sable.    Dark,  black,  ebon,  somber. 
ANT.    Light,  white,  cheerful, 
bright,  ivory. 

Sacrament.  Eucharist,  Lord's 
Supper,  communion;  ceremony, 
rite,  service,  solemnity,  ordi- 
nance, observance. 

Sacred.     Holy,  divine,  hallowed, 
consecrated,  dedicated,  devoted, 
religious,  venerable,   reverend. 
ANT.    Secular,  profane,  com- 
mon, unconsecrated,   human. 

Sacrifice,  n.  Offering,  propitia- 
tion, expiation,  thanksgiving ; 
destruction,  immolation,  devo- 
tion, surrender;  oblation, 
atonement. 

ANT.  Offense,  transgression; 
retention,  reservation;  accep- 
tance. 

Sad.  Sorrowml,  mournful,  de- 
jected, gloomy,  depressed,  se- 
date, cheerless,  downcast,  griev- 
ous; dull,  grave,  dark,  somber; 
afflicted;  calamitous;  serious, 
staid;  melancholy,  Disconso- 
late, despondent,  disastrous,  de- 
plorable. 
ART.  Cheerful,  joyous,  glad, 


mirthful,  jubilant,  jovial,  light- 
hearted;  exultant,  gay,  exhil- 
arated, happy,  blithe. 

Sagacious.  Sage,  sensible,  keen, 
discerning,  clear-sighted,  apt, 
acute,  intelligent,  sharp,  wise, 
rational,  shrewd,  able,  keen- 
sighted,  keen-witted,  judicious, 
perspicacious,  quick-scented, 
sharp-witted. 

ANT.  Obtuse,  senseless,  irra- 
tional, silly,  stupid,  simple,  un- 
intelligent, undiscerning,  dull, 
absurd,  foolish,  futile,  sottish, 
ignorant. 

Sale.  Bargain,  barter,  deal,  ex- 
change, trade,  change. 

Salient.  Leaping,  bounding, 
jumping;  projecting;  promi- 
nent, conspicuous,  noticeable, 
significant;  strategic. 

ANT.  Retreating,  retiring, 
low-lying;  unimportant,  incon- 
spicuous, unnoticeable,  minor, 
inconsiderable,  subordinate,  in- 
significant. 

Salvation.  Saving,  preserva- 
tion, deliverance;  redemption; 
rescue. 


[  249  ] 


•am] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


tsci 


ANT.    Perdition,  destruction, 
damnation,  condemnation,  loss. 
Sample.     Specimen,  example,  il- 
lustration,   case,    instance,    ex- 
emplification. 

ANT.  Total,  whole,  excep- 
tion, aggregate;  abnormality, 
monstrosity. 

Sanction.  Authorization,  au- 
thority, countenance ;  ratifica- 
tion, confirmation,  approba- 
tion; approval,  support,  seal, 
allowance. 

ANT.  Discountenance,  disal- 
lowance, unauthorization  ;  can- 
cellation, nullification;  disap- 
proval, non-support. 
Sanguine.  Blood-red,  crimson; 
warm,  ardent;  hopeful,  lively, 
animated,  cheerful;  confident, 
enthusiastic,  buoyant;  trustful. 

ANT.  Pallid,  cold,  frigid; 
unresponsive,  depressed,  life- 
less, despondent,  despairing,  de- 
jected, anxious,  suspicious,  mis- 
giving, distrustful. 
Sanity.  Saneness,  soundness,  ra- 
tionality; reasonableness,  wis- 
dom; amenableness. 

ANT.  Insanity,  aberration, 
derangement,  unsoundness,  ir- 
rationality, madness,  lunacy, 
alienation,  dementia,  folly. 
Sarcasm.  Taunt,  gibe;  scorn, 
contempt,  satire;  irony,  sneer, 
ridicule. 

ANT.  Compliment,  eulogy, 
praise,  approbation,  apprecia- 
tion, panegyric. 

Satisfy.  Satiate,  sate,  compen- 
sate; cloy,  surfeit,  suffice,  con- 
tent, glut,  fill,  requite;  relieve, 
reassure,  convince;  please,  rec- 
ompense, gratify,  fulfil. 

ANT.  Deprive,  deny,  starve, 
stint,  refuse;  annoy,  tantalize; 
aggravate,  tease;  displease. 
Savage.  Wild,  uncultivated,  un- 
tamed, uncivilized,  rude,  brut- 
ish, brutal,  barbarous,  cruel,  in- 


human, fierce,  pitiless,  merci- 
less, atrocious,  ferocious;  mur- 
derous, violent. 

ANT.  Tame,  civilized,  culti- 
vated, domesticated,  tender,  re- 
fined, polished,  gentle,  humane, 
considerate,  pitiful,  merciful, 
protective,  generous,  subdued, 
chivalrous,  clement,  self-con- 
trolled. 

Save.  Preserve,  rescue,  deliver; 
lay  up,  reserve,  keep;  spare, 
prevent;  protect;  be  economi- 
cal, hoard,  husband;  obviate, 
snatch,  catch. 

ANT.  Lose,  destroy,  aban- 
don, imperil,  expose,  endanger, 
risk,  hazard;  waste,  lavish, 
spend,  fling  away. 

Say.  Utter,  express,  tell,  speak, 
declare;  repeat,  rehearse,  re- 
cite; assert;  mention,  suggest; 
suppose;  answer;  respond,  re- 
ply; state,  pronounce;  affirm, 
deny;  allege. 

ANT.  Silence,  hush,  whis- 
per, mumble;  be  taciturn;  sup~ 
press,  repress;  mispronounce. 

Scarce.  Rare,  infrequent,  defi- 
cient; uncommon;  scant,  spar- 
ing, meager,  insufficient;  un- 
usual, unique,  singular,  want- 
ing, few,  precious. 

ANT.  Plenty,  abundant,  fre- 
quent, plentiful,  common,  thick. 

Scheme,  n.  Plan,  project,  con- 
trivance, design,  purpose,  plot, 
device;  system,  outline;  machi- 
nation, intrigue,  stratagem,  ca- 
bal, conspiracy;  theory. 

ANT.  Blunder,  derangement, 
Disarrangement,  bungle,  botch. 

Scholar.  Learner,  pupil,  student, 
savant,  disciple. 

ANT.  Dunce,  fool,  ignora- 
mus, illiterate  person,  idiot, 
idler. 

Science.  Literature,  art,  knowl- 
edge; truth,  facts;  skill,  ex- 
pertness ;  comprehension ;  in- 


250 


SCO] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[sel 


formation,  investigation,  ex- 
perimentation, learning,  expe- 
rience. 

ANT.  Ignorance,  error,  smat- 
tering, fallacy,  sciolism;  inex- 
perience, unfamiliarity,  incom- 
prehension. 

Scorn,  n.  Disdain,  derision,  con- 
tumely, despite,  slight,  mock- 
ery, dishonor;  contempt,  disre- 
gard; sneer,  opprobrium. 

ANT.  Compliment,  commen- 
dation, deference,  approval,  es- 
teem, respect,  regard,  approba- 
tion. 

Scruple,  n.  Unwillingness,  hesi- 
tation, doubt;  particle;  qualm, 
reluctance,  misgiving. 

ANT.  Confidence,  assurance, 
recklessness,  heedlessness ;  dar- 
ing, self-complacency. 

Scrupulous.  Cautious,  careful, 
conscientious,  hesitating;  exact, 
nice;  questioning,  unwilling, 
punctilious,  precise;  diffident, 
dubious. 

ANT.  Reckless,  confident, 
careless,  unconscientious,  self- 
complacent,  heedless,  unwary, 
incautious,  daring. 

Scrutiny.  Examination,  inspec- 
tion, observation,  search,  sift- 
ing, exploration,  inquisition,  in- 
quiry. 

ANT.  Oversight,  misobserv- 
ance,  disregard,  slight,  inatten- 
tion. 

Season.  Time,  period,  term,  in- 
terval, spell,  while ;  occasion, 
opportunity,  timeliness,  season- 
ableness. 

ANT.  Contretemps,  unsea- 
sonableness,  untimeliness,  un- 
suitableness. 

Seasonable.  Opportune,  suit- 
able, timely,  fit,  convenient,  ap- 
propriate, normal;  periodical; 
welcome. 

ANT.  Inopportune,  unsuit- 
able, unfit,  untimely,  inconveni- 


ent, inappropriate,  unwelcome, 
unexpected,  abnormal. 

Secure,  a.  Undisturbed,  assured, 
heedless,  inattentive;  easy,  un- 
anxious,  trustful,  insured;  ob- 
tained, acquired ;  fast,  firm ;  de- 
fended, guarded,  protected,  cer- 
tain, sheltered,  safe. 

ANT.  Disturbed,  endangered, 
imperiled,  insecure,  hazardous; 
anxious,  distrustful,  suspicious, 
careful,  precarious;  loose,  drift- 
ing, doubtful,  dubious. 

Sedate.  Settled,  composed,  calm, 
quiet,  tranquil,  still,  serene,  un- 
ruffled, undisturbed,  contempla- 
tive, sober,  serious;  passive. 

ANT.  Flighty,  disturbed,  un- 
easy, restless,  excited,  discom- 
posed, agitated,  indiscreet;  ac- 
tive, moving;  frivolous. 

Sedition.  Riot,  rebellion,  revolt, 
insurrection,  mutiny;  outbreak, 
uprising,  secession,  treason ;  in- 
subordination ;  tumult,  tur- 
moil, anarchy. 

ANT.  Peace,  pacification,  or- 
der, quiet,  orderliness,  obedi- 
ence, allegiance,  fealty,  union, 
patriotism,  fidelity. 

See.  Perceive,  behold,  descry, 
view;  observe,  discern,  under- 
stand, comprehend ;  watch,  look 
after;  interview,  visit;  associ- 
ate, meet;  accompany,  escort; 
attend,  heed,  be  attentive ;  gaze, 
glance  at. 

ANT.  Be  blind;  overlook, 
mistake;  misunderstand,  mis- 
comprehend; pass,  ignore,  neg- 
lect; disregard,  misconceive. 

Seek.  Search,  try  for,  solicit,  in- 
quire for,  strive  after,  hunt,  fol- 
low, trace,  prosecute,  attempt, 
endeavor,  investigate. 

ANT.  Shun,  elude,  ignore, 
neglect,  disregard,  avoid,  re- 
linquish, drop,  abandon,  dis- 
card. 

Seldom.    Rarely,  not  often,  infre- 


;  251  } 


sel] 


SYNONYMS   A^JJ   ANTONYMS 


[set 


quently;  hardly  ever,  occasion- 
ally. 

ANT.  Often,  frequently,  gen- 
erally, commonly,  regularly,  ha- 
bitually, invariably,  uniformly, 
systematically. 

Selection.  Choice,  pick,  prefer- 
ence, election,  option. 

ANT.  Repudiation,  rejection, 
discarding,  refusal;  exclusion. 

Self-abnegation.  Self-renunci- 
ation, self-sacrifice,  self-control, 
self-devotion,  self-immolation, 
self-denial. 

ANT.  Self-indulgence,  self- 
gratification,  self-will,  selfish- 
ness, self-seeking. 

Selfish..  Self-seeking,  mean,  un- 
generous, narrow,  illiberal,  mer- 
cenary, greedy,  egoistical,  self- 
indulgent. 

ANT.  Generous,  liberal,  al- 
truistic, philanthropic,  benefi- 
cent, self-denying,  public-spir- 
ited, magnanimous,  unselfish, 
considerate. 

Send.  Sling,  throw,  fling,  hurl, 
lance,  launch,  propel,  project, 
cast,  dart,  despatch,  discharge, 
drive,  emit;  forward,  trans- 
mit, impel,  dismiss,  delegate, 
depute. 

ANT.  Receive,  keep,  retain, 
hold;  bring,  carry,  hand,  get, 
give,  convey. 

Sensation.  Emotion,  sense,  feel- 
ing, perception. 

ANT.  Apathy,  non-sensibil- 
ity, non-perception,  indiffer- 
ence. 

Sense.  Understanding,  reason; 
cognition,  apprehension;  de- 
duction; perception,  feeling; 
recognition,  discernment ;  rea- 
soning; opinion,  judgment,  no- 
tion, meaning,  import,  signifi- 
cation. 

ANT.  Nonsense,  misunder- 
standing; stupidity,  non-appre- 
hension; non-comprehension; 


stolidity,  inertness,  non-observ- 
ance; fancy,  folly,  unsoundness. 

Sensibility.  Feeling,  sensitive- 
ness, susceptibility,  impressi- 
bility. 

ANT.  Coldness,  deadness,  un- 
consciousness, hardness,  numb- 
ness, insensibility. 

Sentiment.  Thought,  opinion, 
notion,  sensibility,  feeling;  sus- 
ceptibility, impressibility,  im- 
pression, conviction;  emotion; 
maxim,  saying,  toast. 

ANT.  Nonsense,  conjecture, 
vacuity;  assumption,  prejudice, 
preconception. 

Separate,  v.  Disunite,  divide, 
sever;  come  between,  part;  dis- 
join, divorce;  disengage,  de- 
tach; sunder;  withdraw,  elim- 
inate, remove,  segregate. 

ANT.  Unite,  consolidate,  in- 
tegrate, connect,  join,  attach, 
link,  weld,  engage,  wed;  gather, 
convene,  collect. 

Sequence.  Succession,  follow- 
ing, consequence,  arrangement, 
order;  series,  progression,  con- 
tinuity. 

ANT.  Precedence,  introduc- 
tion, priority;  disorder,  diseon- 
nection;  intermission,  irregu- 
larity. 

Serious.  Sober,  earnest,  momen- 
tous, grave ;  thoughtful,  sedate, 
solemn ;  important,  weighty ; 
dangerous. 

ANT.  Gay,  thoughtless,  friv- 
olous, laughing,  joking,  jocose, 
careless,  trifling,  trivial,  unim- 
portant, light,  insignificant, 

Serve.  Obey,  minister  to,  sub- 
serve, promote,  aid,  help,  abet, 
assist,  benefit,  succor. 

ANT.  Command,  order,  man- 
age; obstruct,  counteract,  re- 
tard, defeat,  injure,  thwart,  op- 
pose. 

Set.  Put,  seat,  place,  fix;  affix, 
attach ;  fasten,  make  stable  or 


[  252  ] 


Mt] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[sha 


firm;  obstruct,  embarrass;  de- 
termine upon,  fix  upon;  plant; 
frame;  stiffen,  solidify;  adjust, 
regulate,  adapt;  prepare;  re- 
place; spread;  stud,  variegate; 
value  at,  rate  at;  establish, 
furnish,  prescribe,  strengthen, 
•tabilitate,  ground,  confirm,  de- 
termine, appoint,  assign. 

ANT.  Remove,  uproot,  trans- 
fer, eradicate,  transplant,  un- 
settle, weaken,  soften,  destroy, 

,  demolish;  disperse,  discard;  de- 
nude, disarrange,  divest,  strip; 
misvalue,  under-  or  over-rate; 
abolish,  frustrate. 

Settle.  Regulate,  arrange,  com- 
pose, decide;  establish;  still, 
calm;  clear;  restore;  depress, 
sink,  lower,  make  compact,  har- 
den; determine,  adjust,  make 
up,  pacify;  liquidate,  balance; 
colonize,  people. 

ANT.  Disturb,  confuse,  de- 
range; agitate,  unsettle,  excite, 
uproot,  overturn;  obstruct;  ele- 
vate, upheave,  break  up;  dis- 
compose, disorder,  rise,  as- 
cend, move;  misregulate,  aggra- 
vate. 

Severe.  Stern,  strict,  austere, 
hard,  relentless,  rigorous,  un- 
relenting, inexorable,  harsh, 
inflexible,  rigid,  morose,  stiff, 
uncompromising,  unmitigated, 
unyielding;  critical,  grave,  se- 
rious. 

ANT.  Lenient,  clement,  un- 
exacting,  mild,  easy,  gay,  cheer- 
ful, joyous;  loose,  slack,  inex- 
act, indulgent,  uncritical,  mod- 
erate, kind,  considerate. 

Shade.  Shadow;  darkness,  ob- 
scurity; screen,  shelter,  protec- 
tion; body,  spirit,  ghost;  um- 
brage, adumbration ;  degree, 
minuteness;  seclusion. 

ANT.  Light,  illumination, 
sunshine,  brightness,  daylight; 
glare,  radiance,  exposure;  pub- 


licity; quantity,  amount;  do- 
fenselessness. 

Shake.  Agitate,  fluctuate,  flut- 
ter, oscillate,  quake,  quiver, 
quaver,  rock,  shiver,  shudder, 
totter,  tremble,  waver,  wave, 
sway,  swing,  vibrate,  thrill,  jar. 
ANT.  Fasten,  fix,  set,  secure, 
settle,  confirm. 

Shame.  Disgrace,  reproach,  dis- 
honor, ignominy;  degradation, 
contempt,  infamy;  diffidence, 
modesty,  discredit;  humilia- 
tion, abashment;  decency,  de- 
corum. 

ANT.  Fame,  honor,  gloryt 
approval,  renown,  credit;  im« 
pudence,  shamelessness,  inde- 
cency, immodesty,  indecorum, 
impropriety. 

Shape.  Appearance,  figure,  as- 
pect, form,  guise;  outline;  em- 
bodiment ;  character,  fashion, 
mold,  pattern,  cast,  model. 

ANT.  Imitation,  reproduc- 
tion, copy;  deformity,  disfig- 
urement. 

Sharp.  Quick,  sagacious,  witty, 
discerning,  shrewd,  ingenious, 
sour,  acid,  tart,  acrid,  biting, 
poignant,  acrimonious,  sarcas- 
tic, bitter,  painful,  afflictive, 
violent,  fierce,  ardent,  fiery; 
acute,  keen,  trenchant,  astute, 
subtle,  penetrating,  discrimi- 
nating, inventive,  piquant;  se- 
vere, vigilant,  attentive;  caus- 
tic, cutting;  eager,  hungry; 
thin,  emaciated;  shrill,  high; 
exacting,  close. 

ANT.  Dull,  blunt,  slow,  ob- 
tuse, undiscerning,  unresource- 
ful,  sweet,  honeyed,  cloying, 
saccharine,  mellow;  soft,  gen- 
tle, mild,  tender,  considerate, 
kindly,  lenient,  clement;  unin- 
ventive,  indifferent,  sluggish, 
inactive,  tame,  characterless, 
spiritless,  careless,  inattentive; 
thick;  generous,  unexacting. 


she] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[sil 


Shelter.  Defend,  guard,  harbor, 
protect,  shield,  screen,  ward, 
cover,  conceal. 

ANT.  Expose,  betray,  im- 
peril, endanger,  exhibit,  lay 
bare,  discover,  attack. 

Short.  Brief,  contracted,  inade- 
quate, limited,  scanty;  insuffi- 
cient, incomplete,  imperfect ; 
abrupt,  petulant,  quick;  near, 
direct,  straight;  succinct,  con- 
cise, condensed,  compendious ; 
terse,  pithy,  laconic,  curt,  sen- 
tentious; severe,  uncivil;  nar- 
row; destitute. 

ANT.  Long,  protracted,  ex- 
tended, adequate,  ample,  suffi- 
cient, plentiful,  abundant,  copi- 
ous; perfect,  complete;  civil, 
suave,  complaisant;  circuitous, 
indirect;  tedious,  prolix,  ver- 
bose, extended,  wordy;  broad; 
provided  for. 

Show,  v.  Exhibit,  present,  dis- 
play; tell,  reveal;  direct,  con- 
duct; clear,  .prove,  manifest, 
explain,  evince;  bestow,  con- 
fer; appear,  look,  seem;  dem- 
onstrate, unfold,  inform,  teach ; 
evidence. 

ANT.  Conceal,  hide,  with- 
hold, suppress,  obscure,  mys- 

~.tify,  cloak,  wrap;  contradict, 
deny,  refute,  disprove,  falsify; 
misinterpret. 

Shrewd.  Keen,  critical,  subtle, 
arch,  astute,  sagacious,  acute, 
discerning,  penetrating;  mali- 
cious, evil,  vicious ;  wily,  artful, 
cunning;  clever,  sharp,  able; 
discriminating,  intelligent. 

ANT.  Stolid,  stupid,  unin- 
telligent, dull,  thick,  unsaga- 
dous,  undiscerning,  undiscrim- 
inating ;  plain,  blank,  blunt, 
frank;  kindly,  sincere,  benevo- 
lent; fair,  open. 

Sick.  Diseased,  ill,  disordered, 
distempered,  indisposed,  weak, 
ailing,  feeble,  morbid;  imper- 


fect, impaired,  weakened,  cor- 
rupted;   disgusted,   surfeited. 

ANT.  Healthy,  whole,  well, 
sound,  strong,  robust,  salubri- 
ous, vigorous,  hale,  wholesome, 
salutary. 

Side.  Margin,  edge,  verge,  bor- 
der, boundary;  party,  sect,  fac- 
tion, interest,  cause,  policy,  be- 
half; face,  aspect,  plane;  slope, 
declivity;  half. 

ANT.  Center,  interior,  body, 
heart,  core;  opposition,  seces- 
sion, neutrality. 

Sight.  Vision,  show,  represen- 
tation, exhibition;  faculty  of 
seeing,  view;  visibility,  spec- 
tacle; inspection,  examination; 
opinion,  judgment;  perception, 
ken,  cognizance;  contemplation, 
survey;  insight;  appearance. 

ANT.  Blindness,  non-visibil- 
ity, obscuration;  non-appear- 
ance; oversight,  neglect;  disap- 
pearance; vanishing;  impres- 
sion, prejudice. 

Sign.  Mark,  manifestation,  in- 
dication, presage,  symbol,  type, 
token,  emblem,  note,  omen,  sig- 
nal, prognostic,  symptom. 

Significant.  Expressive,  sugges- 
tive, important;  weighty,  mo- 
mentous; manifest,  intimating, 
declarative,  betokening,  imply- 
ing, meaning,  denoting;  tell- 
ing, speaking;  forcible;  con- 
spicuous. 

ANT.  Insignificant,  mean- 
ingless, inconspicuous,  mute, 
inexpressive,  expressionless,  un- 
suggestive. 

Silence.  Stillness,  hush,  restful- 
ness,  quiet,  muteness,  noiseless- 
ness,  calm,  peace,  tranquillity; 
dumbness,  taciturnity;  obscur- 
ity, secrecy,  oblivion. 

ANT.  Noise,  sound,  tumult* 
clamor,  roar,  storm,  din,  un~ 
rest,  babel,  commotion,  rever- 
beration, resonance,  agitation, 


[  254  ] 


aim] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[•la 


clatter;  talkativeness,  loquac- 
ity, garrulity;  publicity,  fame, 
rumor,  repute,  celebrity. 

Similar.  Corresponding,  like, 
resembling,  uniform,  homoge- 
neous; congruous,  harmonious. 
ANT.  Dissimilar,  unlike,  dif- 
ferent, alien,  discordant,  heter- 
ogeneous, incongruous. 

Simple.  Silly;  single,  uncom- 
bined;  plain,  unadorned;  mere; 
sincere,  artless,  unaffected,  nat- 
ural ;  direct,  clear,  perspicuous ; 
credulous,  foolish;  humble,  un- 
distinguished, lowly;  innocent; 
elementary. 

ANT.  Complex,  double,  com- 
pound, combined,  mixed;  or- 
nate, adorned;  blended,  fused, 
multiform;  artful,  affected,  ar- 
tificial; indirect,  complicated, 
circuitous,  skeptic,  pragmatic; 
proud,  haughty,  distinguished, 
celebrated;  various,  organized, 
elaborate;  designing,  insincere, 
double-minded;  developed,  per- 
fect. 

Sin.  Evil,  crime,  guilt,  offense, 
wickedness,  fault,  vice,  crimi- 
nality, misdeed;  viciousness, 
ungodliness,  wrong,  wrong-do- 
ing, unrighteousness,  iniquity, 
transgression,  immorality,  de- 
pravity, delinquency. 

ANT.  Virtue,  godliness,  rec- 
titude, uprightness,  sinlessness, 
excellence,  blamelessness,  good- 
ness, holiness,  innocence,  moral- 
ity, integrity,  purity,  righteous- 
ness, right. 

Sing.  Chant,  carol,  chirp,  hum, 
warble,  chirrup. 

Singular.  Unexampled,  eminent, 
unprecedented,  extraordinary, 
remarkable,  uncommon,  rare, 
unusual,  peculiar,  strange,  odd, 
eccentric,  fantastic;  individual, 
unique;  conspicuous,  consum- 
mate, exceptional,  particular; 
curious,  queer. 


ANT.  Common,  everyday,  or- 
dinary, commonplace,  general, 
universal,  usual,  regular,  cus- 
tomary, frequent,  numerous; 
unnoticeable,  normal,  typical, 
inconspicuous,  humdrum. 

Sink.  Subside,  drop,  droop,  de- 
cay, lower,  lessen;  submerge, 
immerse,  engulf;  depress,  de- 
grade, debase,  diminish;  fall, 
descend;  decline,  dwindle,  de- 
crease; weary,  flag,  abate;  re- 
duce; drown;  attenuate. 

ANT.  Rise,  ascend,  mount, 
increase,  augment,  aggrandize, 
swell;  flourish,  exalt,  heighten, 
promote,  enhance;  encourage, 
perpetuate. 

Situation.  Site,  station,  post, 
case,  plight,  state ;  location,  po- 
sition; place,  office;  condition; 
locality,  seat,  ground,  spot ;  cir- 
cumstance, predicament;  cate- 
gory; employment;  footing,  as- 
pect; birth,  standing. 

ANT.  Absence,  dislodgment, 
displacement,  non-assignment. 

Skeptic.    Agnostic,  doubter,  free- 
thinker, infidel,  unbeliever,  de- 
ist, atheist,  disbeliever. 
ANT.     Christian,  believer. 

Sketch,  n.  Outline,  picture,  de- 
sign, drawing,  draft;  skeleton, 
plan,  brief. 

Skilful.  Expert,  dexterous,  apt, 
handy,  adroit,  clever,  deft,  pro- 
ficient, skilled,  trained,  accom- 
plished, happy,  ingenious,  prac- 
ticed; adept,  masterly,  cun- 
ning. 

ANT.  Unskilled,  clumsy,  in~ 
expert,  unskilful,  unintelligent, 
awkward,  incompetent,  unpre- 
pared, untrained,  unable,  un- 
taught, bungling,  helpless,  mal- 
adroit, shiftless. 

Slander,  v.  Defame,  disparage, 
depreciate,  malign,  asperse,  ca- 
lumniate, libel,  vilify,  revile, 
traduce,  decry,  backbite. 


[  255  ] 


Bla] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[sof 


ANT.     Extol,  eulogize,  laud, 
praise,  vindicate,  defend. 
Slang.      Vulgarity,    cant,    collo- 
quialism, vulgarism. 

ANT.    Diction,  language. 
Slender.      Small,  narrow,  slim; 
weak,  feeble,  slight;  moderate, 
trivial,  inconsiderable,  meager; 
spare,  abstemious,   frugal. 

ANT.  Thick,  stout,  robust, 
broad,  ample,  deep,  bulky,  con- 
siderable, massive,  weighty;  gi- 
ant, colossal. 

Slippery.  Smooth,  glib;  mu- 
table, uncertain,  fickle,  incon- 
stant; unstable,  changeable; 
wanton,  loose,  unchaste;  icy, 
glassy,  insecure,  perilous,  un- 
safe; shifty,  elusive;  deceptive, 
evasive;  unprincipled. 

ANT.  Rough,  firm,  safe,  se- 
cure, stable;  constant,  certain, 
dependable,  upright,  sincere, 
outright,  trustworthy,  sound. 
Slow.  Deliberate,  dilatory,  lin- 
gering, gradual,  moderate,  pro- 
crastinating, tardy;  inert,  inac- 
tive, sluggish,  drowsy,  dull,  de- 
laying, dawdling. 

ANT.  Nimble,  active,  brisk, 
alert,  lively,  prompt,  speedy, 
quick,  spry,  swift,  agile. 
Small.  Little,  diminutive,  in- 
considerable; inconsequential, 
uninfluential,  trivial,  insignifi- 
cant; paltry,  mean,  incapable, 
unable;  short;  weak,  slender, 
gentle,  low;  tiny,  puny;  unim- 
portant ;  scanty,  moderate ;  sor- 
did, selfish ;  inferior,  unintellec- 
tual,  ungifted,  unintelligent. 

ANT.  Large,  great,  big,  ex- 
tensive, enormous,  bulky,  mas- 
sive, weighty,  ample,  spacious, 
broad,  strong,  stout,  generous, 
liberal,  munificent;  important, 
significant,  notable,  influential, 
distinguished,  gifted,  magnani- 
mous, intelligent,  intellectual, 
superior,  competent. 


Smart.  Acute,  quick,  lively, 
brisk,  clever,  dashy,  showy; 
pungent,  pricking ;  keen,  severe, 
poignant;  vigorous,  sharp;  ac- 
tive, shrewd;  efficient,  witty; 
pretentious,  spruce;  fresh. 

ANT.  Dull,  heavy,  blunt,  ob- 
tuse, dense,  stupid;  aching; 
slow,  inactive,  sluggish,  ineffi- 
cient, shabby,  dowdy,  boorish, 
clownish. 

Sneer.  Jeer,  mock,  gibe,  taunt, 
fling,  scoff. 

ANT.  Smile,  laugh;  flatter, 
compliment;  cheer. 

Sober.  Abstinent,  abstemious, 
moderate,  regular;  steady,  col- 
lected, quiet,  cool,  staid,  som- 
ber; temperate;  dispassionate, 
self-controlled,  calm,  self-pos- 
sessed, solemn,  sedate. 

ANT.  Intemperate,  intoxi- 
cated, drunk,  impassioned,  ex- 
cited, heated,  furious,  passion- 
ate; unreasonable,  immoderate, 
uncontrolled,  agitated,  extrava- 
gant; erratic,  eccentric. 

Socialism.  Communism,  collec- 
tivism, fabianism. 

Society.  Companionship,  fellow- 
ship, company ;  participation, 
connection ;  association,  part- 
nership ;  community,  sodality, 
communion,  intercourse. 

ANT.  Solitude,  solitariness, 
privacy,  separation,  segrega- 
tion; individuality,  personal- 
ity; disconnection,  dissociation, 
unsociabiJiti/. 

Soft.  Yielding,  impressible,  mal- 
leable; smooth,  delicate;  agree- 
able, gentle,  flowing;  flexible; 
mild,  tender,  conciliatory,  kind; 
effeminate,  weak;  easy;  quiet, 
peaceful,  tranquil. 

ANT.  Hard,  unyielding,  im- 
pervious, tough,  stubborn,  im- 
permeable; non-resilient;  dis- 
agreeable, harsh,  brush,  gruff, 
unkind;  strong,  manly ;  virile; 


[  256  ] 


sol] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[80V 


rough,  coarse,  rigid,  rigorous, 
abrupt ;  resolute,  determined. 

Solemnity.  Gravity,  formality, 
ritual,  ceremonial,  sobriety,  se- 
riousness, reverence,  devotion; 
celebration,  observance ;  sanc- 
tity, awfulness,  sacredness;  im- 
pressiveness. 

ANT.  Levity,  triviality,  gai- 
ety, vulgarity ;  secularity,  dese- 
cration, profanity;  meaning, 
unimpressiveness,  unimposing- 
ness;  simplicity. 

Solid.  Hard,  sound,  real,  valid, 
weighty,  profound ;  compact, 
resistant,  dense ;  heavy ;  strong, 
firm,  stable;  substantial;  im- 
penetrable; cubic. 

ANT.  Hollow,  yielding,  soft, 
resilient,  malleable,  fluid,  flex- 
ible, impressible,  liquid;  brittle, 
frail;  light,  trifling,  frivolous; 
invalid,  weak,  fallacious,  un- 
sound. 

Solitude.  Loneliness,  solitariness, 
loneness,  recluseness,  retired- 
ness  ;  withdrawal,  remoteness, 
destitution,  absence;  seclusion, 
retirement;  desertion,  retreat, 
wilderness,  desert,  privacy,  iso- 
lation. 

ANT.  Populousness,  society, 
popularity,  throng,  crowd,  in- 
tercourse, meeting,  convening, 
populace,  multitude. 

Solution.  Disruption,  separa- 
tion, breach ;  disentanglement, 
explanation,  clearing  up;  reso- 
lution, disintegration;  release, 
discharge;  solvency;  disconnec- 
tion, discontinuance;  key,  an- 
swer, elucidation. 

ANT.  Union,  amalgamation, 
conjunction,  connection,  combi- 
nation, entanglement,  complica- 
tion ;  continuity;  integration; 
obscurity,  confusion,  perplexity, 
mystification. 

Soothe.  Soften,  allay,  compose, 
tranquilize,  pacify;  humor,  flat- 


ter, please;  assuage,  calm,  mol- 
lify, comfort;  lull;  mitigate,  re- 
lieve. 

ANT.  Rouse,  excite,  disturb, 
disquiet;  aggravate,  displease, 
scold,  irritate,  exasperate,  an- 
noy, infuriate;  dissatisfy. 

Sordid.  Vile,  base,  gross;  mean, 
avaricious,  covetous,  niggardly; 
greedy;  low,  degraded;  stingy, 
close,  ungenerous,  penurious ; 
illiberal. 

ANT.  Pure,  noble,  honorable, 
refined;  generous,  unselfish,  lib- 
eral, broad,  munificent,  u-ncov- 
etous;  prodigal,  profuse,  lav- 
ish; high-minded. 

Soul.  Spirit,  life,  courage,  fire, 
ardor ;  vitality,  animus ;  leader, 
inspirer;  passion,  fervor,  affec- 
tion; person;  reason,  intellect, 
emotions;  ghost,  specter. 

ANT.  Lifelessness,  soulless- 
ness;  body;  coldness,  spiritless- 
ness;  irrationality,  unintelleo- 
tuality. 

Sound,  n.  Noise,  note,  tone,  re- 
port; impulse,  vibration. 

ANT.  Silence;  taciturnity; 
stillness,  hush,  lull,  muteness. 

Sound,  a.  Whole,  unbroken,  un- 
harmed, free,  perfect,  healthy; 
firm,  strong,  solid,  safe;  cor- 
rect, true,  orthodox;  deep,  pro- 
found, undisturbed;  right;  le- 
gal, valid,  undefective;  entire, 
thorough,  substantial,  irrefu- 
table. 

ANT.  Unsound,  broken,  par- 
tial, harmed;  imperfect,  soft, 
diseased;  weak,  mellow,  unsafe; 
incorrect,  untrue,  heterodox; 
light,  trivial,  fragile;  illegal, 
illegitimate,  invalid,  defective; 
insubstantial,  fallacious,  hol- 
loio,  unfounded. 

Sovereign,  n.    King,  prince,  po- 
tentate,    monarch,      emperor ; 
ruler. 
ANT.    Subject,  peasant,  serf. 


[  257  ] 


sov] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[spr 


Sovereign,  a.  Supreme,  para- 
mount, superior,  chief;  indepen- 
dent, unlimited,  absolute;  con- 
trolling, efficacious ;  princely, 
royal;  primary,  principal,  re- 
gal, imperial;  predominant. 

ANT.  Inferior,  subordinate, 
subservient,  ministerial,  secon- 
dary, subject;  popular,  menial; 
inefficient,  une/ficacious,  uncer- 
tain, weak. 

Space.  Extension,  room;  inter- 
val, duration,  time;  capacity, 
distance,  measure,  quantity ; 
boundlessness,  illimitableness ; 
immeasurableness,  immensity. 

ANT.  Confinement,  proxim- 
ity, limitation,  restriction,  con- 
tiguity, continuity. 

Spare,  a.  Scanty,  sparing,  fru- 
gal, wanting,  lacking,  parsi- 
monious, needed,  chary;  su- 
perfluous; lean,  meager,  thin, 
gaunt. 

ANT.  Ample,  abundant,  pro- 
fuse, plentiful,  liberal,  bounti- 
ful, unsparing,  unstinted,  unre- 
stricted, generous;  plump,  fat, 
corpulent,  portly. 

Sparse.  Scattered,  sprinkled,  in- 
frequent, thin,  scanty,  meager, 
few. 

ANT.  Dense,  thick,  plentiful, 
many,  populous,  crowded,  nu- 
merous, frequent,  multitudi- 
nous. 

Speak.  Say,  talk,  tell,  utter,  dis- 
course, articulate,  converse,  ex- 
press, chat,  chatter,  enunciate, 
pronounce;  announce,  declaim, 
declare,  deliver. 

ANT.  Be  mute  or  dumb; 
keep  silence,  be  taciturn;  sup- 
press; recall. 

Speculation.  Venture ;  theory, 
view,  notion,  conjecture;  con- 
sideration, meditation,  contem- 
plation, thought,  weighing;  hy- 
pothesis, scheme. 

ANT.     Certainty,   fact,   ver- 


ity, proof,  realization,  verifica- 
tion. 

Speech.  Address,  discourse,  lan- 
guage, speaking,  talk,  oration, 
utterance,  sermon,  harangue, 
dissertation,  oratory,  disquisi- 
tion. 

ANT.  Hush,  silence,  stillness, 
taciturnity,  speechlessness. 

Spirit.  Life,  soul;  ghost,  spec- 
ter; fairy,  sprite;  energy,  vi- 
vacity, ardor,  courage,  enthusi- 
asm; intellectuality;  meaning, 
intent;  vapor;  distilled  liquid; 
air,  breath ;  intelligence,  imma- 
teriality, essence,  disembodi- 
ment, apparition ;  activity,  ear- 
nestness, zeal;  temper,  disposi- 
tion; principle,  motive. 

ANT.  Substance,  body,  cor~ 
poreity,  flesh,  frame,  material- 
ity, embodiment,  organization; 
spiritlessness,  timidity,  lifeless- 
ness,  soullessness,  deadness,  tor- 
por, dejection,  slowness. 

Spiritual.  Immaterial,  incorpo- 
real, mental,  intellectual;  holy, 
divine,  heavenly-minded;  eccle- 
siastical, sacred;  moral;  reli- 
gious, ethical. 

ANT.  Carnal,  fleshly,  mate- 
rial, sensuous;  gross;  unspirit- 
ual. 

Splendid.  Shining,  showy,  mag- 
nificent, sumptuous,  pompous; 
illustrious,  brilliant,  famous; 
gorgeous,  grand,  glorious;  im- 
posing; superb,  heroic,  noble. 

ANT.  Dull,  tame,  obscure, 
tarnished,  tawdry,  somber,  beg- 
garly, gloomy,  poor,  ordinary, 
ineffective,  inglorious,  insignifi- 
cant, mean,  low. 

Spontaneous.  Free,  intentional, 
voluntary,  willing,  unbidden, 
impulsive,  automatic,  instinc- 
tive, deliberate. 

ANT.  Forced,  compelled,  co- 
erced, unwilling,  reluctant. 

Spread,    v.      Open,    unfurl,    dis- 


[  258 


spr] 


SYNONYMS   AND    ANTONYMS 


[ste 


perse,  distribute,  scatter,  circu- 
late, disseminate,  dispense;  ex- 
tend, stretch,  expand,  amplify; 
divulge,  propagate,  publish,  dif- 
fuse. 

ANT.  Collect,  condense,  con- 
tract, furl,  gather,  close,  shut; 
confine,  suppress,  restrict,  re- 
call, conceal,  hush,  localize. 

Spring,  v.  Leap,  bound,  jump; 
shoot,  fly,  dart,  start;  emerge; 
bend,  warp ;  proceed,  issue,  re- 
sult; burst,  emanate,  flow;  rise, 
originate,  germinate. 

ANT.  Settle,  alight,  arrive, 
land,  drop;  end,  terminate,  de- 
bouch, finish,  eventuate. 

Spy.     Scout,  emissary,  detective. 

Stable,  a.  Steady,  abiding,  firm, 
strong,  durable;  fixed,  estab- 
lished; constant,  resolute,  un- 
wavering; secure,  stanch,  per- 
manent; solid,  lasting,  perpet- 
ual; immobile,  rigid,  unmov- 
able. 

ANT.  Vacillating,  wavering, 
unsteady,  toppling,  weak,  tot- 
tering, infirm,  insecure,  precari- 
ous, frail,  unstable;  transient, 
ephemeral,  evanescent,  vanish- 
ing, non-durable. 

Stain,  v.  Blot,  spot,  sully,  tar- 
nish, tinge,  tint,  color,  discolor, 
disgrace,  dishonor,  dye,  soil. 

ANT.  Preserve  inviolate  or 
unspotted. 

Stand,  v.  Rest,  continue  upright 
or  erect,  be  situated  or  located ; 
cease,  stop,  pause,  halt;  en- 
dure, last;  maintain,  be  fixed 
or  steady;  be,  consist;  agree, 
accord;  endure,  sustain,  bear; 
withstand;  submit  to. 

ANT.  Advance,  move,  pro- 
ceed, progress;  fail,  fall,  die, 
depart,  run,  yield,  succumb, 
drop;  give  up,  surrender;  re- 
taliate, avenge,  resent. 

Standard,  n.  Flag,  colors,  ban- 
ner, ensign;  criterion,  test; 


support,  frame;  model,  type, 
norm;  gage,  measure,  scale; 
upright;  exemplar. 

ANT.  Misrule,  mismeasure- 
ment,  misadjustment,  misfit, 
non-criterion. 

State,  v.  Declare,  tell,  assert, 
affirm,  asseverate,  allege,  tes- 
tify, assure,  swear,  set  forth, 
protest,  predicate,  pronounce, 
specify,  propound,  maintain, 
inform,  express,  depose,  claim, 
avow,  avouch,  aver,  certify. 

ANT.  Deny,  contradict,  con- 
trovert, disprove,  refute,  re- 
pudiate, waive,  contravene, 
dispute,  gainsay,  oppose,  re- 
tract. 

Station.  Depot;  place,  spot,  po- 
sition, stand;  office,  sphere; 
state,  rank,  condition,  occupa- 
tion, business. 

ANT.  Removal,  departure; 
dislodgment,  ejection,  displace- 
ment; locomotion. 
Stay,  v.  Stop;  prop,  hold  up, 
support,  sustain;  hold,  re- 
strain; hold  back,  hinder,  de- 
lay ;  check ;  fasten,  secure ;  con- 
tinue, abide,  remain;  dwell, 
tarry,  linger,  wait;  forbear; 
rest,  depend,  rely. 

ANT.  Loose,  liberate,  free; 
fail,  let  fall;  expedite,  speed, 
accelerate;  proceed,  advance, 
progress,  go  on;  move,  depart; 
oppress,  burden ;  overthrow. 
Steadfast.  Established,  firm ; 
constant,  resolute ;  grounded, 
rooted,  placed;  resolved,  un- 
wavering, stanch. 

ANT.  Unsteady,  unattached; 
vacillating,  icavering,  weak,  in- 
secure, irresolute,  inconstant, 
unreliable. 

Steep.  Sharp,  sheer,  high,  pre- 
cipitous, abrupt. 

ANT.  Gradual,  level,  slight, 
fiat,  easy,  gentle,  horizontal, 
low. 


[  259  ] 


sti] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[str 


Stiff.  Rigid,  inflexible,  strong, 
obstinate,  pertinacious,  rigor- 
ous, constrained,  affected;  un- 
bending, unpliant;  starched; 
formal,  ceremonious,  difficult, 
punctilious,  stately;  austere, 
peremptory,  inexorable,  un- 
compromising. 

ANT.  Flexible,  pliant,  un- 
affected, amenable,  easy,  yield- 
ing, affable,  genial,  unceremoni- 
ous, informal;  pliable,  malle- 
able; considerate,  compromis- 
ing. 

Still.  Noiseless;  inert,  stag- 
nant, serene;  motionless,  rest- 
ful, quiet;  silent,  calm,  sound- 
less, low;  hushed,  mute,  placid, 
quiescent ;  stationary ;  gentle, 
soft,  mild,  pacific,  peaceful. 

ANT.  Disturbed,  agitated, 
moved,  restless;  noisy,  moving, 
loud,  resonant,  turbulent;  un- 
quiet, rough,  harsh. 

Stop.  Suppress,  discontinue,  de- 
lay, interrupt;  close,  obstruct; 
arrest,  impede;  restrain,  hin- 
der, repress;  cease,  halt,  stay, 
tarry;  bar,  seal;  suspend,  end, 
terminate. 

ANT.  Assist,  advance,  con- 
tinue, expedite,  speed,  hasten, 
promote;  clear,  open;  improve, 
push,  benefit;  progress;  facili- 
tate; initiate,  commence,  be- 
gin. 

Storm.  Agitation,  disturbance, 
tempest. 

ANT.  Calm,  hush,  peace,  se- 
renity, stillness,  tranquillity, 
fair  weather. 

Story.  Narrative,  legend,  anec- 
dote, account,  tale,  record,  re- 
cital, incident,  myth,  narration, 
novel,  relation. 

ANT.  Annals,  chronicle,  bi- 
ography, history,  memoir. 

Stout.  Corpulent;  portly;  vig- 
orous, strong,  lusty,  robust; 
firm,  resolute,  bold;  tough; 


large,  bulky;  brawny;  valiant^ 
courageous,    redoubtable. 

ANT.  Thin,  slender,  weak9 
lean,  frail,  feeble,  attenuate^ 
emaciated;  timid,  irresolute, 
cowardly. 

Strange.  Outlandish,  wonder- 
ful, astonishing,  marvelous,  un- 
common, irregular,  queer,  odd, 
eccentric;  foreign,  new,  novel, 
unusual;  reserved,  distant;  un- 
familiar, unaccustomed,  inex- 
perienced. 

ANT.  Familiar,  usual,  com- 
mon, general,  universal,  accus- 
tomed, ordinary,  home,  domes- 
tic, regular,  customary,  habit- 
ual, commonplace. 
Strength.  Robustness,  tough- 
ness, hardness,  stoutness,  spirit, 
lustiness,  puissance,  authority; 
force,  vigor,  power;  endurance, 
resistance;  security,  validity; 
firmness;  intensity;  virtue;  en- 
ergy, nerve,  sinew,  fiber; 
soundness. 

ANT.  Weakness,  thinness, 
frailty,  softness,  delicacy;  im- 
becility, feebleness;  spiritless- 
ness,  impotence,  inability;  in- 
security, invalidity;  waver- 
ing. 

Strenuous.  Eager,  pressing,  ur- 
gent; zealous,  ardent,  earnest; 
bold,  intrepid ;  strong,  deter- 
mined, resolute;  vigorous,  en- 
ergetic, vehement,  forceful. 

ANT.  Weak,  irresolute,  vac- 
illating, wavering,  enervated, 
undetermined. 

Strong-.  Powerful,  cogent,  mus- 
cular; robust,  lusty,  sinewy, 
hale,  hearty,  vigorous,  force- 
ful: enduring,  resistant;  vio- 
lent, forcible;  ardent,  zealous, 
vehement,  earnest,  solid,  nour- 
ishing; firm;  capable,  potent, 
effective,  influential,  sound ; 
pungent;  hardy,  tenacious. 

ANT.     Weak,  feeble,  infirm, 


[  260 


•til] 


SYNONYMS    AJNJD    ANTON  1' MS 


[sub 


sickly,  exhausted,  debilitated, 
wanting,  pliant,  frail,  soft; 
low,  faint;  spiritless,  foolish; 
wavering,  impotent,  powerless, 
defenseless,  insecure,  delicate; 
^inefficacious,  unconvincing,  un- 
satisfactory, unavailing,  flac- 
cid, nerveless. 

Stubborn.  Obstinate,  inflexible, 
obdurate,  headstrong,  harsh,  in- 
tractable, firm,  contumacious, 
heady;  unbending,  unyielding, 
persistent,  refractory. 

ANT.  Yielding,  pliant,  mild, 
gentle,  docile,  tractable,  man- 
ageable, flexible,  pliable;  vacil- 
lating, wavering,  irresolute, 
undecided. 

Studious.  Contemplative,  ob- 
servant ;  sedulous,  earnest,  dili- 
gent; studied;  absorbed,  medi- 
tative, thoughtful,  attentive, 
pondering,  devoted,  musing, 
cogitative;  careful,  literary,  re- 
flective, assiduous. 

ANT.  Illiterate,  unliterary, 
idle,  indulgent,  careless,  inat- 
tentive, thoughtless,  negligent, 
regardless,  indifferent. 

Study,  n.  Application,  learning, 
acquisition,  meditation,  con- 
templation ;  diligence,  consid- 
eration, thought,  research,  en- 
deavor, knowledge,  purpose,  in- 
tention, attention,  concentra- 
tion. 

ANT.  Idleness,  dawdling,  il- 
literacy, ease,  indifference,  in- 
diligence,  negligence,  careless- 
ness, unstudiousness,  thought- 
lessness. 

Stupid.  Simple,  insensible,  sot- 
tish, sluggish,  senseless,  dolt- 
ish, heavy,  dull ;  stolid,  insen- 
sate, obtuse,  prosy. 

ANT.  Quick,  bright,  sharp, 
intelligent,  responsive,  clever, 

.  sensible,  eager,  animated,  pen- 
etrating. 

Stupidity.       Slowness,    dulness, 


obtusenesa,    insensibility,  slug- 
gishness, stupor,  apathy. 

ANT.  Intelligence,  anima- 
tion, brilliancy,  acuteness,  sen- 
sibility, cleverness,  sense,  sa- 
gacity, quickness,  readiness, 
alertness,  keenness. 

Stupor.  Apathy,  awoon,  torpor, 
lethargy,  coma,  fainting,  un- 
consciousness, stupefaction,  as- 
phyxia, swooning,  insensibility, 
syncope. 

Sublime.  Exalted,  lofty,  noble, 
majestic,  grand,  stately,  mag- 
nificent, dignified,  elevated,  au- 
gust, pompous,  high,  eminent, 
glorious. 

ANT.  Low,  ignoble,  debased, 
degraded,  inglorious,  ordinary, 
mean,  undignified,  inconspicu- 
ous, unimposing,  ridiculous. 

Submissive.  Obedient,  compli- 
ant, yielding,  obsequious,  sub- 
servient, humble,  modest,  pas- 
sive, docile,  acquiescent. 

ANT.  Disobedient,  haughty, 
proud,  arrogant,  unyielding, 
conceited,  active,  rebellious,  re- 
luctant, defiant,  refractory,  re- 
sistant. 

Subsidy.  Aid,  allowance,  gift, 
bounty,  reward,  tribute,  sup- 
port, subvention,  pension,  bo- 
nus, premium,  grant,  indem- 
nity. 

Substantial.  Real,  solid,  true, 
existing,  essential ;  corporeal, 
material;  strong,  stout,  re- 
sourceful, massive,  tangible, 
bulky;  sensuous. 

ANT.  Imaginary,  unreal,  in- 
substantial, fictitious,  supposi- 
titious, immaterial,  weak,  chi- 
merical, visionary,  spiritual, 
disembodied,  ghostly. 

Subtle.     Artful,  crafty,  cunning, 
shrewd,  sly,  wily ;  astute,  guile- 
ful,   discriminating,    insinuat- 
ing, sophistical. 
ANT.     Frank,   honest,   open, 


[  261  ] 


sub] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[sup 


sincere,  artless,  undiscriminat- 
ing,  undiscerning,  simple,  di- 
rect, blunt,  unsophisticated. 

Subvert.       Destroy,    ruin,    sup- 
plant, suppress,  supersede,  ex- 
tinguish, overthrow,  overturn. 
ANT.    Conserve,  preserve,  up- 
hold, sustain,  keep,  perpetuate. 

Succeed.  Follow,  pursue;  en- 
sue, result,  be  subsequent; 
descend,  devolve;  gain,  acquire, 
attain,  obtain,  achieve,  accom- 
plish ;  supervene ;  nourish,  pros- 
per, thrive. 

ANT.  Precede,  anticipate,  an- 
tecede;  fail,  deteriorate,  be 
lacking,  lose,  miss,  disappoint, 
be  deficient  in;  decline,  wane, 
decay. 

Succession.  Succeeding,  series, 
sequence,  order;  lineage,  de- 
scent ;  following,  continuity, 
consecution,  rotation,  regular- 
ity. 

ANT.  Antecedence,  prece- 
dence, anticipation,  forerun- 
ning, prevention;  disorder,  ir- 
regularity, non-sequence,  inter- 
mission, gap,  failure,  inconsec- 
utiveness. 

Sudden.  Unexpected,  unusual, 
abrupt,  unlocked  for,  hasty, 
unanticipated,  unforeseen,  un- 
provided for ;  rash,  quick,  heed- 
less, reckless. 

ANT.  Anticipated,  foreseen, 
expected;  slow,  gradual,  tran- 
sitional, moderate;  wary,  cau- 
tious, careful,  provident. 

Suffer.  Support,  sustain,  toler- 
ate, permit;  allow,  let,  grant, 
consent  to;  endure,  bear,  sub- 
mit to,  undergo,  be  affected  by, 
experience. 

ANT.  Resist,  rebel,  repel, 
withstand;  forbid,  disallow,  re- 
fuse, reject,  expel,  repudiate; 
fight,  antagonize,  challenge. 

Sufficient.  Competent,  satis- 
factory, full,  ample;  equal,  ad- 


equate, enough;  qualified,  ca- 
pable, responsible;  efficient; 
adapted,  fitted. 

ANT.  Inadequte,  incompe- 
tent, unsatisfactory,  lacking, 
wanting,  unequal,  unfit,  inca- 
pable, unqualified,  insufficient, 
unsuited,  meager,  short,  defi- 
cient, scanty. 

Suggestion.  Hint,  innuendo, 
intimation,  insinuation,  impli- 
cation. 

Suitable.  Proper,  competent, 
correspondent,  consonant,  com- 
patible, congruous,  consistent; 
fitting,  accordant,  becoming, 
adapted;  seemly,  appropriate, 
agreeable,  convenient;  harmo- 
nious, uniform;  homogeneous. 
ANT.  Improper,  divergent, 
incompetent,  incompatible,  dis- 
sonant, incongruous,  inconsis- 
tent, unfit,  discordant,  unbe- 
coming; unseemly,  inappropri- 
ate, inconvenient;  unharmoni- 
ous,  different,  heterogeneous. 

Sum.  Aggregate,  quantity,  mag- 
nitude, amount ;  compendium, 
substance,  gist;  height,  com- 
pletion; total,  whole,  compu- 
tation; example,  problem;  col- 
lection; drift,  bearing. 

ANT.  Part,  portion,  half, 
fraction,  item,  particular;  in- 
completeness, imperfection,  dis- 
crepancy; article,  detail,  frag- 
ment, component,  constituent, 
element. 

Superb.  Grand,  magnificent,  au- 
gust, stately;  rich,  elegant; 
showy,  excellent;  princely,  gor- 
geous, splendid;  proud. 

ANT.  Mean,  shabby,  poor, 
undignified,  dingy;  meager; 
tawdry,  impoverished;  ordi- 
nary, common;  humble,  plain, 
unimposing. 

Superior.  Elevated,  higher,  up- 
per; surpassing,  greater;  pre- 
eminent, excellent,  ascendent, 


[  262 


sup] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[swe 


predominant,  prevalent,  advan- 
tageous, beneficial. 

ANT.  Inferior,  lower,  worse, 
deeper,  meaner,  subordinate, 
lesser,  mediocre,  ordinary,  av- 
erage, common,  unremarkable, 
inconspicuous,  detrimental,  dis- 
advantageous; declining,  dete- 
riorating. 

Supernatural.  Miraculous,  pre- 
ternatural, superhuman. 

ANT.  Common,  natural,  or- 
dinary, commonplace,  every- 
day, usual. 

Supple.  Pliant,  flexible,  bend- 
ing; fawning,  soft;  yielding, 
compliant,  submissive;  flatter- 
ing, obsequious,  subservient, 
servile,  cringing,  adulatory; 
lithe,  limber,  elastic. 

ANT.  Firm,  stiff,  unyield- 
ing, obstinate,  infleorible,  hard, 
dominant,  domineering;  abu- 
sive, scolding,  tyrannous;  un- 
bending, stubborn,  independent, 
self-assertive,  supercilious,  ar- 
rogant, haughty. 

Support.  Maintain,  sustain,  up- 
hold, cherish,  keep,  bear,  prop, 
carry,  tolerate,  hold  up,  keep 
up. 

ANT.  Demolish,  abandon, 
betray,  destroy,  drop,  desert, 
wreck,  break  down,  cast  down, 
overthrow,  let  go,  throw  down. 

Suppose.       Deem,    guess,    imag- 
ine, think,  conjecture,  surmise. 
ANT.      Conclude,    ascertain, 
discover,  prove,  know,  be  sure. 

Suppress.  Repress,  subdue,  re- 
strain, overthrow,  quell,  over- 
whelm, conceal,  stifle,  smother, 
stop ;  overpower,  extinguish, 
destroy. 

ANT.  Excite,  fan,  increase, 
augment,  strengthen,  raise,  ag- 
gravate; pubJish,  promulgate, 
advertise,  spread,  disseminate; 
intensify. 

Sure.     Unfailing,  infallible,  per- 


manent, steady,  stable,  strong, 
indisputable,  confident,  posi- 
tive, firm;  certain,  safe,  secure, 
assured,  believing,  trusting,  un- 
questioning; abiding,  fast. 

ANT.  Insecure,  fallible,  un- 
steady, inconstant,  wavering, 
indeterminate,  dubitable,  un- 
certain, questionable,  imperma- 
nent, doubtful,  hesitating,  dis~ 
trustful,  precarious,  disputable, 
loose. 

Surrender.  Abandon,  give  over, 
relinquish,  resign,  waive,  yield, 
alienate,  capitulate,  cede,  let 
go,  sacrifice,  give  one's  self  up. 
ANT.  Resist,  withstand,  op- 
pose, thwart,  baffle;  die. 

Suspense.  Uncertainty,  expecta- 
tion, apprehension,  anxiety,  in- 
determination,  indecision ;  so- 
licitude, intermission,  protrac- 
tion, abeyance,  doubt;  pause, 
stop. 

ANT.  Decision,  settlement, 
determination,  finality,  execu- 
tion; achievement,  termination, 
accomplishment,  end;  unin- 
terruption,  continuance,  con- 
tinuity, regularity,  sequence. 

Sustenance.  Subsistence,  food, 
provision,  maintenance,  sup- 
port; supplies,  aliment,  nutri- 
ment, nourishment;  livelihood, 
living,  nutrition,  sustenta- 
tion. 

ANT.  Starvation,  loant,  in- 
digence, poverty,  hunger,  lack, 
thirst,  inanition,  exhaustion; 
non-subsistence,  non-support. 

Sweet.  Sugary,  saccharine,  dul- 
cet, luscious;  agreeable,  pleas- 
ing, fragrant,  soft,  melodious ; 
beautiful,  mild,  fair;  fresh; 
amiable,  winning:  wholesome. 
ANT.  Sour,  bitter,  sharp, 
add;  discordant,  inharmoni- 
ous, dissonant:  disagreeable, 
displeasing;  fetid,  malodorous; 
plain,  homely;  stale,  unwhole- 


swi] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[tas 


some,  spoiled;  offensive,  repul- 
sive, unlovely. 

Swift.  Quick,  fleet,  speedy,  ex- 
peditious, rapid,  prompt;  ac- 
celerated, nimble,  alert,  ready, 
headlong,  eager,  fast. 

ANT.  Slow,  tardy,  delaying, 
late,  unready,  laggard,  delib- 
erate, sedate,  reluctant,  linger- 
ing, lazy,  loitering,  inactive, 
sluggish,  inexpeditious. 

Symmetry.  Proportion,  grace, 
conformity,  uniformity,  simi- 
larity, regularity,  shapeliness, 
harmony,  agreement;  comeli- 
ness. 

ANT.  Disproportion,  dishar- 
mony, incongruity,  irregular- 
ity, disagreement,  disparity, 
shapelessness;  interdisparity. 


Sympathy.  Pity,  compassion, 
commiseration,  tenderness,  con- 
dolence; fellow-feeling;  agree- 
ment, conformity,  reciprocity; 
congeniality. 

ANT.  Antipathy,  harshness, 
antagonism,  unkindness,  cold' 
ness,  mercilessness,  pitiless- 
ness. 

Synonymous.  Similar,  corre- 
spondent, like,  identical,  inter- 
changeable, alike,  same,  corre- 
sponding, synonymic,  equiva- 
lent. 

ANT.    Antonymic. 

System.  Order,  mode,  method, 
regularity,  rule,  manner. 

ANT.  Confusion,  chaos,  dis- 
order, derangement,  irregular- 
ity, disarrangement. 


Tacit.  Silent,  implied,  granted, 
unexpressed,  understood,  im- 
plicit. 

ANT.  Mentioned,  expressed, 
explicit,  declared. 

Taciturn.  Mute,  silent,  speech- 
less, reserved,  close,  dumb,  un- 
communicntive,  reticent. 

ANT.  Communicative,  free, 
garrulous,  loquacious,  talka- 
tive, unreserved. 

Take.  Lay  hold,  seize,  grasp, 
obtain ;  capture,  fasten  on ;  at- 
tack ;  gain,  captivate,  charm ; 
choose,  turn  to;  employ,  use, 
demand,  require;  copy,  deline- 
ate; assume,  adopt;  acquire; 
engage  in,  indulge  in;  carry, 
convey,  conduct;  remove,  with- 
draw, deduct;  acknowledge,  ac- 
cept; receive,  admit;  partake 
of,  swallow;  undertake,  clear; 
tolerate,  endure;  consider,  in- 
terpret, suppose;  receive,  sub- 
mit to,  bear. 


ANT.  Drop,  reject,  abandon, 
surrender,  miss,  lose,  repel,  re- 
fuse, decline,  repulse,  spurn. 

Talent.  Ability,  gift,  endow- 
ment, genius,  faculty;  capac- 
ity, cleverness,  aptitude,  forte. 

ANT.  Inability,  ineptitude, 
incompetence,  imbecility,  stu- 
pidity. 

Tangible.  Perceptible,  tactile, 
palpable;  apprehensible,  evi- 
dent, manifest,  clear;  material, 
substantial,  sensible,  obvious. 
ANT.  Impalpable,  spiritual, 
intangible,  incorporeal,  imma- 
terial, incomprehensible. 

Tart.  Sharp,  acid,  sour;  keen, 
severe;  harsh,  caustic,  petu- 
lant, acrimonious. 

ANT.  Gentle,  mild,  genial, 
kindly,  poUte;  mellow,  sweet. 

Taste,  n.  Savor,  relish,  flavor, 
sensibility,  judgment;  discern- 
ment, nicety,  perception,  zest^ 
choice,  elegancy,  refinement. 


264  ] 


tas] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[terr 


ANT.  Disrelish,  insipidity, 
ill-savor,  coarseness,  indelicacy, 
non-perception,  indiscrimina- 
tion. 

Tasteful.  Delicate,  artistic,  el- 
egant, dainty,  esthetic,  exqui- 
site, fastidious,  fine,  chaste, 
nice,  tasty,  delicious,  esthetical. 
ANT.  Coarse,  rough,  rude, 
harsh,  hideous,  clumsy,  dis- 
ffusting,  deformed,  displeasing, 
fulsome,  gaudy,  grotesque,  dis- 
tasteful, horrid,  inartistic,  in- 
harmonious, meretricious,  of- 
fensive, ragged,  tawdry. 

Taunt,  v.  Ridicule,  mock,  jeer, 
deride,  revile,  flout,  scoff,  scorn, 
insult;  reproach,  rebuke,  cen- 
sure. 

ANT.  Compliment,  flatter, 
approve  of,  congratulate. 

Teach.  Discipline,  instruct,  tu- 
tor, school,  train,  educate,  en- 
lighten, drill,  inculcate,  give 
lessons,  give  instructions,  in- 
doctrinate, inform,  initiate,  in- 
still, nurture. 

ANT.  Learn,  study,  prac- 
tice, investigate,  experiment, 
try,  develop,  receive,  drink  in, 
acquire,  attain,  imbibe,  under- 
stand, glean,  gather,  collect. 

Tedious.  Wearisome,  fatiguing, 
irksome,  tiresome;  prolix,  dull, 
slow,  monotonous,  tiring,  try- 
ing. 

ANT.  Interesting,  exciting, 
amusing,  charming,  delightful, 
stirring,  bright,  entertaining. 

Tell.  Enumerate,  communicate, 
impart,  reveal,  disclose,  report, 
acquaint,  repeat,  rehearse,  dis- 
cover; count,  number,  reckon, 
recount;  narrate,  divulge;  in- 
form, teach;  order,  command, 
request. 

Temerity.  Audacity,  foolhar- 
diness,  rashness,  presumption, 
recklessness,  hardihood,  hasti- 
ness, heedlessness,  precipita- 


tion,    overconfidence,     precipi- 
tancy, venturesomeness. 

ANT.  Care,  caution,  hesita- 
tion, cowardice,  timidity,  wari- 
ness, circum-spection. 

Temporal.  Transient,  fleeting, 
transitory,  temporary;  terres- 
trial, worldly,  secular,  mun- 
dane. 

ANT.  Eternal,  permanent, 
everlasting;  religious,  spirit- 
ual. 

Tendency.  Proneness,  drift,  aim, 
disposition;  direction,  course; 
influence;  inclination,  leaning, 
bent,  bias;  proclivity,  aptitude, 
propensity,  liability. 

ANT.  Aversion,  repulsion, 
repugnance;  opposition,  reluc- 
tance, divergence,  tangency,  de- 
viation. 

Tender.  Effeminate,  soft,  sen- 
sitive, compassionate,  humane, 
kind,  merciful,  pitiful,  dear, 
delicate;  gentle,  mild,  suscep- 
tible. 

ANT.  Hard,  pitiless,  callous, 
careless,  heedless,  rough,  coarse, 
unkind,  inhuman,  unmerciful, 
unfeeling ;  hardy,  strong,  stur- 
dy. 

Tension.  Strain,  stretch,  effort, 
stretching,  tensity,  tenseness, 
rigor,  severity,  harshness,  stiff- 
ness, tightness. 

ANT.  Relaxation,  release,  re- 
lief, laxity,  slackness,  looseness. 

Term.  Boundary,  limit;  expres- 
sion, phrase,  word,  name ;  mem- 
ber, condition,  denomination. 

Termination.  Limit,  end,  con- 
clusion, bound,  result;  com- 
pletion, consequence,  effect;  ful- 
filment, consummation,  accom- 
plishment, achievement,  finis, 
finality,  exit,  issue. 

ANT.  Beginning,  initiation, 
inception,  commencement,  risef 
start,  origin,  source,  cause,  pro- 
cess, course. 


[  265   ] 


ter] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


Terrible.  Terrific,  fearful,  hor- 
rible, shocking,  awful;  dread- 
ful, formidable,  frightful;  tre- 
mendous ;  astounding,  startling. 

ANT.  Insignificant,  amusing, 
pleasing;  unastonishing. 
Terse.  Concise,  pithy,  succinct, 
short,  brief,  laconic,  compact, 
sententious,  condensed,  com- 
pendious, neat. 

ANT.  Long,  lengthy,  tedious, 
wordy,  diffuse,  prolix,  verbose. 
Testimony.  Affirmation,  certi- 
fication, deposition,  proof,  evi- 
dence, witness,  affidavit,  attes- 
tation, oath. 

ANT.  Demonstration. 
Theory.  Hypothesis,  specula- 
tion; doctrine,  conjecture,  ex- 
planation; assumption,  scheme, 
postulate,  plan;  science,  phil- 
osophy ;  exposition,  rationale ; 
supposition. 

ANT.    Fact,  truth,  verity,  ac- 
tuality. 

Therefore.  Consequently,  then, 
hence,  thence,  whence,  where- 
fore, accordingly. 

ANT.     Because,  as  for,  inas- 
much as,  since. 

Thick.  Dense,  close,  compact, 
solid,  coarse,  gross;  muddy, 
turbid,  misty;  crowded,  abun- 
dant; indistinct;  dull;  numer- 
ous; inarticulate. 

ANT.  Thin,  rare,  sparse,  in- 
frequent; pure,  limpid,  crystal- 
line, clear,  distinct,  incompact, 
shallow,  articulate. 
Think.  Cogitate,  contemplate ; 
remember,  reflect,  muse,  medi- 
tate, ponder,  consider,  deliber- 
ate, judge,  conclude,  believe; 
purpose,  intend,  design,  mean; 
presume,  venture;  imagine,  ap- 
prehend. 

ANT.    Guess,  hazard;  dream, 
idle,  stargaze,  wander,  rove. 
Thought.      Imagination,    fancy, 
conceit,   notion,    consideration, 


supposition,  contemplation,  de- 
liberation ;  reflection,  cogita- 
tion, meditation,  conception, 
solicitude,  care,  concern;  rea- 
soning; idea,  opinion,  concept, 
judgment,  purpose,  intention, 
provision. 

ANT.  Thoughtlessness,  gid- 
diness, carelessness,  inconsider- 
ation,  dreaminess,  dulness,  stu- 
pidity, rashness,  impulsiveness  ; 
vacuity,  dream,  hallucination, 
aberration. 

Threat.  Menace,  denunciation, 
threatening,  intimidation. 

ANT.  Promise,  encourage- 
ment, allurement,  enticement; 
anticipation. 

Thrifty.  Economical,  saving, 
careful;  sparing,  frugal,  indus- 
trious, prosperous,  thriving; 
provident,  foresighted. 

ANT.  Wasteful,  prodigal,  un- 
economical, lavish,  spendthrift, 
extravagant;  slack,  laay;  im- 
provident, unprepared. 

Throng.  Concourse,  crowd,  host, 
jam,  mass,  multitude,  press. 

ANT.  Solitude;  unlderness, 
desert,  waste. 

Tidings.  Message,  information, 
intelligence,  news,  rumor,  re- 
port, advices,  announcement. 

ANT.  Suppression,  censor- 
ship, misinformation,  canard. 

Time.  Epoch,  era,  period,  date, 
age,  eon,  season,  term,  while, 
succession,  sequence,  duration. 

Timid.  Fearful,  timorous,  cow- 
ardly, afraid,  pusillanimous, 
faint-hearted,  shrinking,  retir- 
ing, shy;  diffident,  bashful. 

ANT.  Bold,  confident,  ven- 
turesome, courageous,  adven- 
turous, heedless. 

Tip.  Incline,  lean,  list,  slant, 
slope,  tilt,  cant,  careen,  dip, 
heel  over. 

Tire.  Exhaust,  fag,  weary,  fa- 
tigue, jade,  harass,  wear  out. 


[  260  ] 


tit] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[tra 


ANT.  Refresh,  recreate,  rest, 
relax,  relieve,  repose,  restore, 
invigorate. 

Title.  Epithet,  name,  appella- 
tion, designation,  cognomen,  de- 
nomination ;  address,  inscrip- 
tion, heading,  style. 

ANT.  Nondescript,  nameless- 
ness. 

Together.  With,  in  company,  as- 
sociated, conjoined,  unitedly,  si- 
multaneously, contemporane- 
ously, coincidently. 

ANT.  Separately,  variously, 
independently. 

Toil.  Labor,  drudgery,  work,  ex- 
ertion, employment,  occupation, 
task,  travail. 

ANT.  Rest,  relaxation,  recre- 
ation, ease,'  amusement,  plea-s- 
ure, enjoyment,  fun. 

Tolerable.  Endurable,  bearable, 
supportable ;  passable,  medium, 
ordinary,  mediocre,  indiffer- 
ent. 

ANT.  Intolerable,  unendur- 
able, insufferable,  unbearable, 
insupportable. 

Tool.  Appliance,  implement,  ap- 
paratus, mechanism,  utensil, 
machine,  weapon. 

Topic.  Head,  division,  motion, 
point,  proposition,  question,  is- 
sue, subject,  theme,  matter. 

Torment.  Pain,  misery,  agony, 
anguish,  torture,  distress. 

ANT.  Enjoyment,  pleasure, 
comfort,  ease,  gratification,  de- 
light. 

Total,  a.  Whole,  entire,  full,  ab- 
solute, complete,  undivided. 

ANT.  Partial,  imperfect,  in- 
complete, divided,  fractional, 
sectional. 

Trace.  Mark,  remains,  sign,  ves- 
tige, track,  token,  trail,  foot- 
mark, footprint,  footstep,  im- 
pression, memorial,  remnant. 

Trade.  Profession,  occupation, 
office,  calling,  avocation,  em- 


ployment,   commerce,    dealing, 
traffic. 

ANT.  Stagnation,  inactivity, 
dulness,  embargo;  leisure,  va- 
cation, idleness,  vacancy. 
Tragedy.  Mournful  drama;  ca- 
tastrophe, calamity,  adversity, 
disaster,  affliction. 

ANT.  Comedy,  happinest, 
mirthful  drama,  prosperity, 
luck,  good  fortune. 
Traitor.  Betrayer,  turncoat, 
renegade,  rebel,  deceiver,  apos- 
tate; insurgent,  deserter,  mu- 
tineer. 

ANT.  Patriot,  adherent,  de- 
fender, supporter. 
Tranquil.  Quiet,  calm,  undis- 
turbed, peaceful,  unagitated; 
unruffled,  composed,  poised,  col- 
lected, cool. 

ANT.  Agitated,  excited,  un- 
easy, anxious,  troubled,  rest- 
less. 

Transact.  Conduct,  carry  on, 
perform,  act,  accomplish,  da, 
negotiate,  treat. 

ANT.  Leave  alone,  rest,  stop, 
refrain,  desist,  cease. 
Transaction.      Business,  action, 
deed,  proceeding,  doing,  affair, 
act,  negotiation,  performance. 

ANT.  Inactivity,  quiescence, 
rest,  neglect,  inaction,  passivity. 
Transgression.  Infringement, 
misdemeanor,  misdeed,  affront; 
violation,  breach,  fault,  crime, 
offense,  sin. 

ANT.  Innocence,  guiltless- 
ness; purity,  righteousness; 
observance,  obedience,  fulfil- 
ment. 

Transient.  Fleeting,  tempo- 
rary, transitory,  ephemeral, 
evanescent,  brief,  flitting,  fly- 
ing, momentary,  passing,  fugi- 
tive, short. 

ANT.  Permanent,  perpetual, 
lasting,  enduring,  abiding,  im- 
mortal, everlasting,  unfading, 


(  267  ] 


tra] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[turn 


undying,  persistent,  eternal,  im- 
perishable. 

Transparent.  Translucent,  pel- 
lucid, clear,  lucid;  diaphanous; 
open,  porous;  crystalline,  lim- 
pid, bright;  perspicuous. 

ANT.  Opaque,  thick,  turbid; 
mysterious,  questionable,  du- 
bious. 

Travel.  Go,  pass,  journey,  mi- 
grate, move,  traverse,  wander, 
roam. 

ANT.  Dwell,  reside,  stay,  re- 
main, settle. 

Treasure.  Wealth,  abundance, 
plenty;  money,  jewels,  cash, 
valuables,  hoard,  riches,  bul- 
lion; reserve. 

ANT.  Refuse,  trash,  offal; 
dregs,  trifles. 

Treaty.  Negotiation,  compact, 
agreement,  covenant,  alliance, 
convention,  contract. 

ANT.  Neutrality,  non-in- 
terference, non-intervention. 

Tremendous.  Frightful,  terri- 
fic, horrible,  awful;  fearful, 
appalling,  alarming,  horrify- 
ing, dreadful. 

ANT.  Unappalling,  incon- 
siderable, unimposing. 

Trial.  Attempt,  endeavor,  es- 
say; effort,  exertion;  experi- 
ence, proof,  test;  examination, 
experiment ;  criterion,  ordeal, 
assay ;  temptation,  trouble, 
affliction,  distress,  grief,  suf- 
fering, tribulation. 

ANT.  Non-attempt;  ease,  fa- 
tility;  acceptance;  oversight, 
disregard;  trifle,  triviality. 

Trick.  Stratagem,  wile,  fraud, 
cheat,  juggle,  finesse,  sleight; 
deception,  imposture,  delusion, 
imposition;  artifice,  machina- 
tion, contrivance,  legerde- 
main. 

ANT.  Exposure,  revelation, 
examination;  blunder,  botch, 
bungling,  fumbling,  maladroit- 


ness,  mishap;  genuineness,  art- 
lessness,   openhandedness. 

Triumph.  Success,  conquest, 
victory;  ovation,  celebration, 
jubilee,  jubilation,  exultation; 
achievement,  attainment. 

ANT.  Defeat,  failure,  disap- 
pointment, discomfiture,  abor- 
tion, baffling. 

Trouble.  Affliction,  sorrow,  dis- 
turbance, perplexity,  vexation, 
molestation,  annoyance,  incon- 
venience, calamity,  misfortune, 
adversity,  misery;  tribulation, 
distress,  disaster,  torment,  diffi- 
culty, anxiety. 

ANT.  Blessing,  peace,  com- 
posure, alleviation,  appease- 
ment, pleasure,  fortune,  boon, 
affluence,  happiness,  joy,  suc- 
cess, gladness,  ease,  facility, 
amusement,  recreation. 

True.  Correct,  accurate,  pre- 
cise, exact;  unwavering,  faith- 
ful, loyal;  actual,  pure,  real, 
genuine;  veritable. 

ANT.  Untrue,  false,  ficti- 
tious, unreliable,  incorrect,  in- 
accurate, inexact;  vacillating, 
disloyal,  faithless;  counterfeit, 
impure,  unreal,  factitious,  un- 
trustworthy, adulterated,  spu- 
rious, fickle,  treacherous. 

Trust,  n.     Confidence,  belief,  ex- 
pectation, faith,  hope;  reliance. 
ANT.     Doubt,  misgiving,  dis- 
trust, skepticism,  suspense;  de- 
spair. 

Truth.  Fact,  reality,  fidelity, 
conformity,  exactness ;  stead- 
fastness; veracity,  verity;  ac- 
curacy, precision,  faithfulness. 
ANT.  Falsehood,  falsity,  lie, 
untruth,  fabrication,  fiction; 
fallacy,  mistake,  sophism. 

Tumult.  Ferment,  disturbance, 
turbulence,  disorder,  bluster, 
hubbub,  bustle,  brawl,  riot;  ex. 
citement,  distraction,  confusion, 
turmoil,  noise. 


[  268  ] 


tur] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[unc 


ANT.  Peace,  order,  orderli- 
ness, pacification,  quiet,  sub- 
sidence. 

Turn,  n.  Revolution;  alteration, 
vicissitude ;  winding,  bending, 
meandering;  stroll;  succession, 
alternation ;  chance,  occasion ; 
convenience,  purpose,  exigence; 
form,  cast,  shape,  manner,  fash- 
ion; rotation,  recurrence;  op- 
portunity; deed,  office,  treat- 
ment, act;  tendency,  talent, 
gift;  crisis. 

ANT.  Fixity,  unchangeable- 
ness,  immobility,  uniformity, 
stability,  continuity;  indepen- 
dence; malformation,  shape- 
lessness. 

Turn,  v.  Revolve,  reverse,  de- 
flect, change;  divert,  transfer, 
use,  employ,  apply,  devote;  al- 
ter, metamorphose,  transform, 
convert;  shape,  mold,  adapt; 
whirl;  hinge,  depend;  eventu- 
ate, issue,  terminate. 


ANT.  Stick,  stop,  remain; 
adhere,  hold  to;  persist,  con- 
tinue; stabilitate,  perpetuate, 
arrest,  stereotype. 
Tutor.  Teacher,  instructor,  pro- 
fessor, preceptor,  master,  sa- 
vant, guardian,  governor. 

ANT.  Pupil,  student,  nov- 
ice, disciple,  scholar,  ward, 
learner. 

Twist,  v.  Contort,  writhe,  con- 
volve; pervert,  distort;  wind, 
wreathe ;  insinuate ;  encircle. 

ANT.  Straighten,  untwist, 
rectify,  unwind,  disentangle, 
unravel;  verify,  substantiate. 
Type.  Mark,  stamp,  sign,  em- 
blem; style,  semblance;  repre- 
sentation, similitude,  figure, 
symbol,  token;  character,  pat- 
tern, archetype,  model,  norm; 
cast,  mold,  fashion. 

ANT.  Caricature,  monstros- 
ity, abnormity;  falsification, 
deviation;  misrepresentation. 


u 


Ubiquity.  Omnipresence;  uni- 
versal presence,  all-pervasive- 
ness. 

ANT.  Localization,  limita- 
tion. 

Ugly.  Loathsome,  unsightly,  re- 
pulsive ;  ill-natured,  quarrel- 
some; unpleasant;  plain,  ordi- 
nary, homely,  hideous,  fright- 
ful; cross,  vicious. 

ANT.  Attractive,  handsome, 
fair,  pleasant,  agreeable,  beau- 
tiful, shapely,  comely;  lovely, 
kindly,  good-natured,  gentle. 

Ultimate.  Final,  last,  conclu- 
sive, farthest,  extreme,  most 
remote;  elemental. 

ANT.  Initial,  nearest,  be- 
ginning, primary. 

UXL-.     A  prefix  meaning  not  or 


icithout,  or  simply  intensive, 
which  ia  prefixed  to  nouns,  ad- 
jectives, adverbs,  and  the  par- 
ticiples of  verbs.  Words  whose 
meaning  is  simply  that  of  the 
root  word  with  negative  or  in- 
tensive emphasis  are  omitted 
here,  and  their  synonyms  and 
antonyms  may  be  formed  from 
those  of  the  root  word. 

Unction.  Anointing,  ointment; 
power,  fervor,  animation,  fer- 
vency, ardor,  enthusiasm,  en- 
ergy, spirit,  emotion. 

ANT.    Tameness,  perfunctori- 
ness,  coldness,  lifelessness. 

Unctuous.  Fatty,  oily,  greasy; 
bland,  suave,  tender,  fervid ;  ob- 
sequious, fawning,  servile,  sye~ 
ophantic. 


[  269  ] 


und] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[unl 


ANT.  Blunt,  brusk,  abrupt; 
cynical,  sarcastic;  harsh,  un- 
mannerly, uncomplimentary. 

Under-.  A  prefix  meaning  be- 
neath or  below.  Words  whose 
meaning  is  simply  that  of  the 
root  word  with  the  meaning  of 
the  prefix  added  are  omitted 
in  this  place,  and  their  syno- 
nyms and  antonyms  may  be 
formed  in  many  cases  from 
those  of  the  root  word. 

Under,  prep.  Below,  beneath, 
underneath. 

ANT.     Above,  upon,  over. 

Understand.  Know,  compre- 
hend ;  learn,  be  informed,  hear ; 
recognize,  interpret;  imply, 
assume ;  apprehend,  discern, 
see,  perceive,  conceive,  pene- 
trate. 

ANT.  Misunderstand,  mis- 
comprehend, misinterpret;  de- 
clare, state;  express,  inform. 

Understanding.  Sense,  intelli- 
gence, conception,  perception, 
discernment,  knowledge,  intu- 
ition, cognition,  reason;  inter- 
pretation; mind,  brains. 

ANT.      Insensibility,   stupid- 
ity, dulness,  obtuseness,  sense- 
lessness,   slowness,    irrational- 
:  ity,  sluggishness,  ignorance,  un- 
intelligence. 

Undertake.  Engage,  enter,  set 
about,  attempt;  covenant,  con- 
tract; guarantee,  promise,  af- 
firm; project,  commence;  stip- 
ulate. 

ANT.  Abandon,  drop,  desist, 
discontinue,  decline;  complete, 
finish,  end,  terminate. 

Undertaking.  Enterprise,  en- 
gagement, attempt,  adventure, 
business,  effort,  endeavor;  ex- 
periment, venture,  interest,  af- 
fair, matter,  concern. 

ANT.  Leisure,  inactivity; 
recreation, 

Undulation.      Waving   motion ; 


vibration;  wavy  outline;  pul- 
sation; oscillation,  swelling; 
wave,  ripple. 

ANT.  Equilibrium;  arresta- 
tion,  standing;  plain,  table- 
land. 

Uniform.  Unchanging,  equable, 
consistent,  homogeneous ;  con- 
sonant; regular,  constant,  in- 
variable, steady;  similar,  un- 
varied, alike. 

ANT.  Heterogeneous,  vari- 
able, varying,  diverse;  irregu- 
lar, inconsistent,  erratic,  eccen- 
tric, unsymmetrical. 

Union.  Unity,  connection,  con- 
cord, combination,  confederacy, 
alliance ;  coalition,  conjunc- 
tion; harmony,  concert,  agree- 
ment ;  league,  confederation, 
consolidation;  oneness,  junc- 
ture, unification. 

ANT.  Disconnection,  separa- 
tion, disjunction,  disunion,  di- 
vorce, severance,  analysis,  dis- 
sociation, contrariety,  decompo- 
sition, division,  schism,  parti- 
tion, discord,  disagreement,  se- 
cession, disruption;  multiplica- 
tion, diversification. 

Unique.  Sole,  only,  unmatched, 
unequalled,  unparalleled,  sin- 
gular, peculiar,  exceptional, 
rare. 

ANT.  Common,  universal, 
everyday,  commonplace,  ordi- 
nary, familiar,  vulgar,  mean. 

Unison.  Harmony,  agreement, 
concord,  union,  accordance. 

ANT.  Discord,  variance,  dis' 
agreement,  divergence. 

Unit.  Oneness,  unity;  one;  in- 
tegral; item,  individual. 

ANT.  Sum,  mass,  total,  ag- 
gregate, whole,  collection. 

Unite.  Add,  join,  attach,  an( 
nex;  combine,  connect;  agree 
harmonize,  associate,  coalesce; 
incorporate,  consolidate,  amal 
gamate,  blend,  embody,  merge  > 


[  270  ] 


uni] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[use 


concur,  coSperate,  league,  con- 
federate. 

ANT.  Disjoin,  sever,  sepa- 
rate, divide,  resolve,  discon- 
nect; disintegrate,  dissociate, 
sunder,  diverge;  multiply,  split, 
disrupt. 

Unity.  Oneness,  concord,  con- 
junction, agreement,  junction, 
uniformity,  harmony,  union ; 
singleness,  unanimity. 

ANT.  Separation,  disunion, 
disconnection,  division,  disa- 
greement, divorce. 

"Universal.  General,  unlimited, 
all-reaching;  total,  whole,  en- 
tire; catholic,  common;  com- 
prehensive, exhaustive,  com- 
plete. 

ANT.  Specific,  special,  indi- 
vidual, particular,  limited,  lo- 
cal, partial,  exclusive,  excep- 
tional. 

"Up-.  A  prefix  giving  the  idea 
of  elevation  or  an  intensive 
value.  Words  whose  meaning 
is  derived  quite  simply  from 
that  of  the  root  plus  that  of 
the  prefix  are  omitted  here. 
Their  synonyms  and  antonyms 
may  be  readily  formed  from 
those  of  the  root  word. 

Upbraid.  Reproach,  censure, 
blame,  condemn;  taunt,  chide, 
reprove. 

ANT.  Approve,  commend, 
praise,  eulogize,  compliment, 
applaud. 

Upon.  On;  about,  concerning; 
with,  immediately  after,  forth- 
with. 

ANT.  Under,  beneath,  "be- 
low; before,  after,  without. 

Upper.  Higher,  superior,  on 
top. 

ANT.  Lower,  inferior,  below, 
beneath. 

Upright.  Erect,  perpendicular, 
vertical;  honest,  just,  honor- 
able, conscientious,  virtuous, 


good,     faithful,     true,     trust- 
worthy. 

ANT.  Inclined,  slanted;  in- 
verted; unprincipled,  dishon- 
est, unscrupulous,  corrupt,  un- 
conscientious. 

Uproar.  Tumult,  disturbance, 
confusion,  bustle,  clamor,  com- 
motion, turmoil,  racket,  noise, 
din. 

ANT.  Peace,  calm,  quiet,  si- 
lence, order,  tranquillity. 

Urbane.  Courteous,  polite,  re- 
fined, suave,  elegant;  civil,  pol- 
ished. 

ANT.  Discourteous,  uncivilt 
unrefined,  impolite,  rude,  boor- 
ish. 

Urge.  Animate,  instigate,  stimu- 
late, encourage,  arouse;  impel, 
press,  drive;  beseech,  entreat, 
importune;  goad,  spur,  incite; 
hasten,  accelerate,  expedite. 

ANT.  Hold  back,  hinder,  ob- 
struct, prevent,  retard,  inhibit, 
restrain;  defy,  challenge,  dare; 
oppose,  object. 

Urgent.  Urging,  pressing,  im- 
portunate, immediate,  impor- 
tant, imperative,  grave,  momen- 
tous, serious,  cogent,  solicitous, 
critical,  emergency,  necessi- 
tous. 

ANT.  Trivial,  insignificant, 
unimportant,  immaterial,  in- 
considerable. 

Usage.  Custom,  wont,  habit, 
use;  mode,  method,  manners, 
behavior;  practice,  procedure; 
fashion. 

Use.  Employment,  application, 
occasion,  necessity,  usefulness, 
utility;  practice,  usage,  cus- 
tom, manner,  habit;  service^ 
advantage;  profit,  avail,  need; 
benefit. 

ANT.  Uselessness,  misappli- 
cation, super -fluousness,  worth- 
lessness,  disuse,  non-observ- 
ance, desuetude. 


[  271  ] 


use] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[vac 


Useful.  Advantageous,  profit- 
able, serviceable,  beneficial ; 
fruitful,  effectual,  suitable,  ef- 
fective, adapted,  helpful,  good, 
convenient,  valuable,  available. 
ANT.  Useless,  profitless,  un- 
profitable, valueless,  unservice- 
able, fruitless,  inconducive,  in- 
effectual, unavailing,  retarding, 
hindering,  preventive,  obstruc- 
tive, cumbersome,  burdensome, 
unusable. 

Usual.  Familiar,  frequent,  ordi- 
nary, regular,  wonted,  preva- 
lent, accustomed,  common,  cus- 
tomary, everyday,  general,  nor- 
mal, habitual,  prevailing,  pub- 
lic. 

ANT.  Exceptional,  infre- 
quent, extraordinary,  strange, 
uncommon,  unparalleled,  un- 
usual, out-of-the-way,  singular, 
rare. 

Usurp.  Arrogate,  assume,  ap- 
propriate, seize. 

ANT.  Inherit,  accept,  re- 
ceive. 

Utility.     Profit,  expediency,  use, 


usefulness,    avail,   benefit,    ad- 
vantage,   service,    usableness. 

ANT.  Futility,  inutility,  in- 
adequacy, inexpediency,  use- 
lessness,  folly,  impolicy,  disad- 
vantage, worthlessness,  un- 
profitableness. 

Utmost.  Farthest,  extreme,  re- 
motest, last,  most  distant;  ut- 
termost; greatest. 

ANT.     Nearest,  next;  least. 
Utter,  v.    Issue,  deliver,  liberate, 
discharge;   circulate,  pass;  ex- 
press, publish,  disclose,  speak, 
pronounce;  promulgate. 

ANT.  Suppress,  recall,  check, 
stifle,  hush,  repress;  retract, 
disavow. 

Utter,  a.  Complete,  perfect,  to- 
tal, entire,  absolute;  peremp- 
tory, unconditional,  unquali- 
fied; thorough. 

ANT.    Imperfect,  incomplete; 
conditioned,  qualified;  partial. 
Utterly.      Fully,    totally,    thor- 
oughly. 

ANT.  Partially,  imperfectly, 
specifically. 


Vacancy.  Emptiness;  leisure, 
intermission,  idleness ;  vacu- 
um; chasm,  gap;  interval;  va- 
cuity, space,  void. 

ANT.  Fulness,  plethora,  re- 
pletion; business,  occupation, 
employment. 

Vacant.  Blank,  empty,  void,  un- 
occupied, waste,  unemployed, 
untenanted,  vacuous,  unfilled, 
devoid,  unencumbered,  disen- 
gaged, idle,  uncrowded;  inane, 
silly;  free;  thoughtless,  uare- 
flective;  abandoned;  inane; 
leisure;  unmeaning. 

ANT.  Full,  filled,  occupied, 
replenished,  diligent,  buaj/,  en- 


gaged, employed;  reflective, 
thoughtful,  meaningful;  brim- 
ful, busy,  crammed,  inhabited, 
packed,  replete,  brimmed,  over- 
flowing, brimming,  jammed, 
gorged,  crowded. 

Vacate.  Empty,  make  vacant, 
quit,  resign,  surrender;  annul, 
abrogate,  cancel,  invalidate,  ab- 
scind, abolish,  overrule,  neu- 
tralize. 

ANT.     Fill,  occupy,  employ, 
hold,  retain,  substantiate. 

Vacation.  Interval,  intermis- 
sion, holidays,  rest,  leisure. 

ANT.    Worktime,  term,  busi- 
ness. 


I  272  ] 


vac] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[val 


Vacillate.  Fluctuate,  waver,  be 
unsteady,  stagger,  reel,  sway, 
rock,  hesitate,  be  inconstant, 
dubitate. 

ANT.  Adhere,  abide,  deter- 
mine, be  steadfast,  stay. 

Vacillation.  Wavering,  fluctu- 
ating, swaying,  reeling,  rock- 
ing, fluctuation,  hesitation,  in- 
constancy, unsteadiness. 

ANT.  Steadiness,  firmness, 
inflexibility,  determination. 

Vacuity.  Emptiness,  vacancy, 
void,  vacuum;  inanity,  nihil- 
ity,  inanition,  unreality;  space. 
ANT.  Fulness,  bulk,  mat- 
ter, substance;  occupation,  ac- 
tuality, reality;  contents. 

Vagabond.     Wanderer,  vagrant, 
tramp,  rascal;   outcast,  loafer, 
nomad,  idler,  beggar,  rogue. 
ANT.     Worker,  laborer. 

Vagary.  Whim,  freak,  crotchet, 
whimsicality,  caprice,  fancy. 

ANT.  Purpose,  idea,  deter- 
mination, judgment,  serious- 
ness, conviction. 

Vagrant,  a.  Wandering,  erratic, 
unsettled,  strolling,  itinerant, 
roving,  sauntering,  nomadic. 

ANT.  Domestic,  local,  estab- 
lished, resident,  abiding,  dwell- 
ing. 

Vague.  Unsettled,  undetermined, 
indefinite,  ambiguous,  lax,  un- 
certain, dim,  doubtful,  obscure, 
indistinct,  unfixed,  general,  in- 
tangible, equivocal,  pointless ; 
unwarranted,  unauthorized. 

ANT.  Determined,  limited, 
strict,  specific,  pointed,  definite, 
distinct,  scientific,  settled,  clear, 
fixed,  manifest,  perspicuous. 

Vain.  Futile,  trivial,  vapid,  vis- 
ionary, worthless,  abortive,  un- 
satisfying, fruitless,  empty,  de- 
ceitful, baseless,  delusive,  boot- 
less, idle,  ineffectual,  shadowy, 
trifling,  unserviceable,  unsub- 
stantial, profitless,  inconstant, 


unprofitable,  null,  nugatory,  un- 
availing, unimportant,  unreal; 
showy,  useless ;  conceited,  arro- 
gant, ostentatious. 

ANT.  Adequate,  solid,  use- 
ful, effective,  powerful,  worthy, 
important,  sufficient,  service- 
able, potent,  competent,  advan- 
tageous, beneficial,  efficient,  ear- 
pedient,  profitable,  real,  sound, 
substantial,  valid,  valuable,  es- 
sential, cogent,  availing,  satis- 
factory, modest. 

Valediction.  Farewell,  valedic- 
tory, leave-taking,  adieu. 

ANT.  Salutation,  welcome, 
hail,  reception,  recognition. 

Valiant.  Strong,  powerful,  in- 
trepid, courageous,  brave,  val- 
orous, heroic,  gallant,  chival- 
rous, daring,  dauntless,  bold, 
fearless,  redoubtable,  undaunt- 
ed, stout-hearted. 

ANT.  Timid,  cowardly,  fear- 
ful, timorous,  recreant,  craven. 

Valid.  Sound,  good,  justified, 
trustworthy,  well-grounded,  effi- 
cacious, weighty,  powerful,  effi- 
cient, conclusive,  logical,  solid, 
cogent,  important,  grave,  sub- 
stantial, sufficient. 

ANT.  Weak,  invalid,  null, 
void,  unsound,  baseless,  falla- 
cious, unfounded,  untrue;  un- 
available, inoperative,  super- 
seded. 

Validity.  Soundness,  justness, 
efficacy,  force,  weight,  cogency, 
importance. 

ANT.  Weakness,  impotency, 
ineffectiveness,  lightness,  futil- 
ity. 

Valor.  Bravery,  courage,  prow- 
ess, intrepidity,  heroism,  bold- 
ness, daring. 

ANT.  Timidity,  fearfulness, 
cowardice,  pusillanimity. 

Valuable.  Worthy,  estimable, 
costly,  precious,  expensive,  use- 
ful, dear,  serviceable. 


[  273  ] 


val] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[var 


ANT.  Worthless,  valueless, 
cheap,  inexpensive,  silly,  use- 
less, trifling,  trivial. 
Value,  n.  Worth,  utility,  desir- 
ability, importance,  power;  im- 
port, signification;  esteem,  re- 
gard, excellence;  price,  cost, 
equivalent. 

ANT.  Cheapness,  reduction, 
depreciation. 

Value,  v.  Compute,  esteem,  re- 
spect, regard;  be  worth,  rate, 
appraise,  estimate;  appreciate, 
prize,  treasure,  account. 

ANT.  Cheapen,  reduce,  con- 
temn, despise,  undervalue,  un- 
derestimate; disregard,  dises- 
teem,  misprize. 

Vanish.  Disappear,  fade,  pass 
away,  dissolve,  melt  away,  be 
annihilated. 

ANT.  Appear,  approach,  'be 
manifest,  loom  up,  arrive. 
Vanity.  Pride,  conceit;  unreal- 
ity, worthiessness,  emptiness ; 
hollo wness,  triviality,  futility, 
unsubstantiality,  falsity;  ego- 
ism, self-sufficiency;  show,  os- 
tentation. 

ANT.  Reality,  truth,  worth; 
simplicity;  modesty,  humility, 
self -distrust ;  substance,  solid- 
ity. 

Vanquish.  Conquer,  overcome, 
subdue,  defeat,  surmount,  con- 
fute, silence;  subjugate,  over- 
throw, master,  foil,  discomfit, 
quell;  disprove,  confound. 

ANT.     Succumb,  yield,  fail. 
Vapid.     Dead,  spiritless,  flat,  in- 
sipid, dull,  unanimated;  taste- 
less, stale,  tame;  languid,  pro- 
saic, feeble,  prosy. 

ANT.  Pungent,  spirited,  ani- 
mated, pithy,  trenchant. 
Vapor,  n.  Fume,  steam,  reek,  ex- 
halation, smoke,  fog,  mist;  va- 
gary, phantom,  whim,  dream, 
vision ;  flatulence ;  fantasy. 

ANT.    Inhalation,  absorption. 


Variable.  Changeable,  fickle,  in- 
constant, mutable,  shifting,  un- 
steady, vacillating,  wavering, 
fluctuating,  versatile,  capri- 
cious. 

ANT.  Unchanging,  immu- 
table, constant,  firm,  unwaver- 
ing, steady,  invariable,  unalter- 
able. 

Variance.  Variation,  dissension, 
disagreement,  discord,  differ- 
ence, alteration,  strife;  hostil- 
ity, antagonism,  discrepancy, 
estrangement. 

ANT.  Harmony,  agreement, 
assimilation,  reconciliation,  ac- 
commodation, peace. 
Variation.  Modification,  alter- 
ation, mutation,  change,  diver- 
sity, vicissitude,  variety,  devia- 
tion; departure,  difference,  dis- 
crepancy. 

ANT.  Fixity,  harmony,  con- 
tinuance, uniformity,  rule,  law, 
agreement. 

Variegated.  Streaked,  dappled, 
particolored,  diversified,  varied, 
checkered,  figured,  mottled. 

ANT.  Unspotted,  spotless, 
speckless. 

Variety.  Diversity,  difference,  as- 
sortment, species,  class,  multi- 
far  iousness,  medley,  miscellany, 
multiplicity,  kind. 

ANT.  Type,  species,  speci- 
men, uniformity. 

Various.  Different,  diverse,  sev- 
eral, manifold,  changeable,  un- 
certain, inconstant,  variable, 
variegated,  sundry,  diversified. 

ANT.  Identical,  few,  same, 
uniform,  similar,  single. 
Varnish,  v.  Gloss,  palliate,  con- 
ceal, cover,  embellish,  disguise, 
lacquer,  extenuate,  excuse,  mit- 
igate, glaze  over. 

ANT.     Simplify,   divest;  re- 
veal, bare,  manifest. 
Vary.     Alter,  change,  modify,  al- 
ternate,    diversify,     variegate, 


[  274  ] 


vas] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[vea 


differ,  deviate,  depart,  be  di- 
verse, swerve,  disagree,  trans- 
form, metamorphose. 

ANT.  Stereotype,  perpetu- 
ate: conform,  assimilate,  har- 
monize. 

Vast.  Spacious,  huge,  immense, 
great,  mighty,  transcendent, 
measureless,  boundless,  colos- 
sal, enormous,  stupendous,  pro- 
digious, gigantic,  monstrous,  re- 
markable, extraordinary. 

ANT.  Moderate,  limited,  con- 
fined, circumscribed,  narrow, 
close,  small. 

Vaticination.  Prediction,  div- 
ination, prophecy,  prognostica- 
tion, augury. 

ANT.  Fulfilment,  ratifica- 
tion, realization,  verification, 
accomplish  m  en  t . 

Vault.  Jump,  spring,  bound, 
leap;  tumble,  turn. 

ANT.     Crawl,  creep,  grovel. 

Vaunt.  Boast,  brag,  display, 
show  off;  advertise,  flourish, 
parade. 

ANT.  Conceal,  disparage,  de- 
cry, detract,  repress,  suppress. 

Veer.  Shift,  turn,  change,  trim, 
vacillate. 

ANT.  Stand,  stick,  adhere, 
persist,  remain. 

Vegetate.  Sprout,  grow,  germi- 
nate; bask,  idle,  hibernate. 

ANT.  Decay,  fade,  wither, 
pine;  bustle,  energize,  work, 
stir. 

Vehemence.  Impetuosity,  vio- 
lence, fury,  frenzy,  ardor,  fer- 
vor, fervency,  warmth,  zeal,  en- 
thusiasm, passion,  force,  inten- 
sity. 

ANT.  Passivity,  inertia,  qui- 
escence, coldness,  stoicism,  in- 
difference, unconcern,  apathy, 
inattention. 

Vehement.  Raging,  hot,  ar- 
dent, fervid,  burning,  passion- 
ate, eager,  violent,  impetuous, 


furious,  urgent,  mighty,  for- 
cible, powerful,  sanguine,  en- 
thusiastic. 

ANT.  Cool,  impassive,  indif- 
ferent, feeble,  mild,  controlled, 
subdued,  cold,  stoical,  passion- 
less, weak,  inanimate. 

Veil,  v.  Cover,  invest,  hide,  con- 
ceal, screen,  mask,  shroud,  en- 
velop. 

ANT.  Expose,  disclose,  strip, 
denude,  unveil,  make  manifest. 

Velocity.  Celerity,  fleetness,  ra- 
pidity, speed,  swiftness;  impe- 
tus, momentum. 

ANT.  Inertia,  sluggishness, 
inertness;  resistance;  passiv- 
ity, languor,  inactivity. 

Venal.  Mercenary,  hireling,  sor- 
did, purchasable,  salable,  pros- 
titute. 

ANT.  Honest,  honorable,  in- 
corruptible, public-spirited,  pa- 
triotic, unpurchasable,  gener- 
ous, disinterested. 

Vend.  Barter,  trade,  sell,  hawk, 
retail. 

ANT.  Buy,  purchase,  bribe, 
subsidize. 

Venerable.  Worthy,  honorable, 
estimable;  dread,  awful;  sage, 
wise,  grave. 

ANT.  Despicable,  dishon- 
ored; informal,  free,  intimate, 
easy;  foolish,  silly. 

Venerate.  Honor,  respect,  re- 
vere, reverence,  adore,  admire, 
worship. 

ANT.  Dishonor,  disregard, 
scorn,  scoff  at,  slight,  spurn,  de- 
test, disdain,  despise,  contemn, 
abhor,  execrate. 

Veneration.  Reverence,  adora- 
tion, respect,  awe,  worship,  es- 
teem, dread. 

ANT.  Irreverence,  loathing, 
disrespect,  contempt,  disdain, 
dishonor,  scorn. 

Vengeance.  Punishment,  retri- 
bution, revenge,  retaliation. 


[  275  ] 


ven] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[ver 


ANT.      Forgiveness,    pardon, 
reprieve,   indulgence,   amnesty, 
remission,  absolution. 
Venial.     Excusable,     justifiable, 
pardonable,  slight,  trivial. 

ANT.  Inexcusable,  heinous, 
unpardonable,  flagrant,  mortal, 
infamous,  unjustifiable,  inex- 
piable. 

Venom.  Virus,  bane,  poison; 
Bpite,  malice,  malignity,  hate, 
ill  will,  maliciousness,  rancor, 
grudge,  bitterness,  acrimony. 

ANT.    Medicine,  remedy;  be- 
nevolence, kindness,  good  will. 
Venomous.      Poisonous,    malig- 
nant, noxious,  mischievous,  vir- 
ulent, spiteful. 

ANT.  Wholesome,  remedial, 
salubrious ;  kindly,  compas- 
sionate, genial. 

Vent.  Outlet,  escape,  emission, 
utterance,  discharge,  opening, 
hole,  passage;  market,  sale. 

ANT.  Close,  stop-gap,  end, 
termination,  obstruction,  stop- 
page. 

Venture,  n.  Chance,  risk,  haz- 
ard, speculation;  accident,  con- 
tingency; stake,  adventure,  ex- 
periment; luck,  hap;  danger, 
jeopardy. 

ANT.  Certainty,  surety,  se- 
curity, inevitableness,  assur- 
ance; safety,  protection;  law, 
method;  caution,  calculation. 
Venture,  v.  Dare,  hazard,  ad- 
venture, risk,  jeopardize,  im- 
peril, chance. 

ANT.  Calculate,  warrant,  se- 
cure, guarantee,  protect. 
Venturesome.  Bold,  daring,  ad- 
venturous, hardy,  courageous, 
intrepid,  enterprising,  doughty, 
fearless. 

ANT.  Fearsome,  timid,  re- 
luctant, averse,  loath,  unwill- 
ing. 

Venturous.  Bold,  daring,  fear- 
less, venturesome. 


ANT.  Timid,  fearful,  diffi- 
dent, shy. 

Veracious.  True,  truthful,  re- 
liable, trustworthy,  straight- 
forward, honest,  credible. 

ANT.  False,  deceitful,  men- 
dacious, lying,  dishonest,  per- 
fidious. 

Veracity.  Honesty,  truthful- 
ness, reality,  candor,  truth,  in- 
genuousness, frankness,  verity, 
exactness,  correctness,  accuracy. 

ANT.  Deception,  duplicity, 
falsehood,  fiction,  guile,  men- 
dacity, untruth,  lie,  delusion, 
fabrication,  deceit,  error,  false- 
ness, falsity,  imposture. 
Verbal.  Spoken,  oral,  literal, 
parole,  vocal,  unwritten,  unre- 
corded. 

ANT.  Written,  recorded,  epis- 
tolary, documentary. 
Verbose.  Wordy,  prolix,  diffuse, 
prosy,  tedious. 

ANT.  Laconic,  terse,  concise, 
succinct,  curt. 

Verdict.  Decision,  judgment, 
opinion,  pronouncement,  find- 
ing, sentence. 

ANT.  Indecision,  indetermi- 
nation. 

Verge,  n.  Border,  limit,  bound- 
ary, edge,  margin,  brink;  cir- 
cumference, circle,  ring;  rim, 
brim,  confine,  skirt. 

ANT.  Center,  midst,  heart, 
depth. 

Verge,  v.  Tend,  incline,  slope, 
lean,  trend,  bear,  border,  ap- 
proach, approximate. 

ANT.  Deviate,  recede,  revert, 
return,  depart,  retrocede. 
Verify.  Prove,  correct,  estab- 
lish, confirm,  authenticate,  af- 
firm ;  corroborate,  attest,  sub- 
stantiate; fulfil,  demonstrate, 
warrant. 

ANT.  Falsify,  misrepresent, 
subvert,  misstate,  fail,  dises- 
tablish, mistake. 


[  276  ] 


ver} 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[vie 


Verisimilitude.  Likelihood, 
probability,  consistency. 

ANT.  Improbability,  incon- 
sistency, unlikelihood. 

Veritable.  Actual,  real,  genuine, 
true;  positive,  absolute;  orig- 
inal, authentic. 

ANT.  False,  fictitious,  sham, 
spurious,  untrue,  feigned,  sup- 
posititious. 

Verity.     Fact,  truth,  reality,  ac- 
tuality, existence,  truthfulness. 
ANT.    Falsity,  unreality,  de- 
lusion,   fancy,    dream,    conjec- 
ture, hypothesis. 

Vernal.  Spring,  balmy,  genial, 
youthful. 

ANT.  Wintry,  aged,  autum- 
nal, decadent,  brumal,  harsh, 
cutting. 

Versatile.  Changeable,  incon- 
sistent, variable,  many-sided, 
capricious,  erratic,  fickle,  un- 
stable; mobile,  plastic,  ready. 
ANT.  Fixed,  uniform,  one- 
sided, immobile,  immutable,  un- 
varied. 

Versed.  Experienced,  studied, 
practiced,  skilled,  acquainted, 
conversant,  proficient,  familiar, 
clever,  indoctrinated. 

ANT.  Unskilled,  ignorant, 
unpracticed,  untaught,  uniniti- 
ated. 

Version.      Account,    description, 
translation,    rendering,    inter- 
pretation, reading;  statement. 
ANT.      Text,    problem,    diffi- 
culty; misinterpretation. 

Vertical.  Perpendicular,  plumb, 
upright. 

ANT.  Inclined,  slanting,  slop- 
ing. 

Vestige.  Trace,  mark,  footstep, 
track,  sign,  remains,  trail,  to- 
ken, remnant,  record. 

ANT.  Misindieation;  oblit- 
eration, effacement. 

Veteran.  Old  soldier;  expert, 
adept,  proficient;  habituS. 


ANT.    Novice,  recruit,  tyro. 
Veto.     Prohibit,  forbid,  negative, 
withhold  assent  to. 

ANT.  Pass,  approve,  assent 
to,  promulgate,  endorse. 
Vex.  Agitate,  disquiet,  harass, 
afflict,  tease,  weary,  jade;  tor- 
ment, worry,  hector,  distress, 
annoy,  trouble,  perplex,  bother, 
persecute,  fret,  irritate,  offend, 
provoke,  affront,  disturb,  tan- 
talize. 

ANT.  Please,  soothe,  quiet, 
allay,  appease. 

Vexation.  Chagrin,  agitation, 
mortification,  uneasiness,  grief, 
trouble,  sorrow,  distress,  irri- 
tation, displeasure,  affliction, 
plague,  torment. 

ANT.      Pleasure,    enjoyment, 
gratification,  satisfaction. 
Vibrate.     Swing,  oscillate,  fluc- 
tuate, quiver,  waver,  undulate, 
quake. 

ANT.    Rest,  be  still. 
Vice.    Crime,  sin,  fault,  iniquity; 
defect,    error,    blemish,    imper- 
fection, immorality,  depravity, 
wickedness ;  evil,  corruption. 

ANT.  Virtue,  goodness,  per- 
fection, righteousness,  nobility, 
honor. 

Vicinity.  Neighborhood,  vici- 
nage, nearness,  proximity,  pro- 
pinquity. 

ANT.  Distance,  remoteness, 
separation,  removal. 
Vicious.  Faulty,  wicked,  cor- 
rupt, depraved ;  foul,  noxious, 
defective,  unruly,  refractory, 
spiteful,  malignant,  mischiev- 
ous, immoral. 

ANT.     Virtuous,  pure,  good, 
upright,  noble,  moral,  perfect. 
Vicissitude.       Change,    alterna- 
tion, mutation,  interchange,  va- 
riation, revolution. 

ANT.  Fixity,  changeless  ness, 
stability,  perpetuity,  immut<t- 
bility. 


[  277 


vic] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[vin 


Victorious.  Conquering,  trium- 
phant, winning,  successful,  ex- 
ultant, elated,  boastful,  van- 
quishing, subduing,  prevailing, 
overcoming,  mastering,  subju- 
gating. 

ANT.  Defeated,  worsted,  hu- 
miliated, beaten,  baffled,  dis- 
comfited, conquered,  overcome, 
vanquished,  routed,  repulsed, 
foiled,  disconcerted. 

Victory.  Success,  supremacy, 
triumph,  achievement,  advan- 
tage, conquest,  mastery. 

ANT.  Defeat,  disaster,  de- 
struction, overthrow,  miscar- 
riage, retreat,  rout,  failure, 
disappointment,  frustration. 

Victuals.  Food,  provisions,  vi- 
ands, sustenance,  meat. 

View,  n.  Sight,  look,  survey, 
inspection;  perception,  exami- 
nation; reach,  range;  scene, 
prospect ;  sketch ;  conception, 
judgment,  opinion;  object,  aim, 
purpose,  design;  vista,  perspec- 
tive; picture,  intention,  scope, 
drift;  estimate;  apprehension. 
ANT.  Blindness,  darkness, 
obscuration,  mistiness;  preju- 
dice, misconception,  misrepre- 
sentation, deception,  error,  de- 
lusion, aimlessness,  non-inten- 
tion, occultation. 

View,  v.  See,  behold,  look  at, 
survey,  examine,  inspect,  ex- 
plore, consider,  contemplate,  re- 
gard, scan,  witness,  study,  re- 
flect upon,  reconnoiter. 

ANT.  Overlook,  neglect,  pass 
by,  miss,  slight,  ignore;  mises- 
timate, misjudge. 

Vigilance.  Sleeplessness,  wake- 
fulness,  watchfulness,  circum- 
spection, attentiveness,  wari- 
ness, cautiousness,  caution,  ac- 
tivity, lookout,  alertness,  ob- 
servation. 

A:XT.  Torpor,  dulness,  inat- 
tention, somnolence,  careless- 


ness,   drowsiness,    indifference, 
apathy. 

Vigilant.  Alert,  awake,  careful, 
on  the  alert,  on  the  lookout, 
wary,  watchful,  wakeful,  wide- 
awake, sleepless,  cautious,  cir- 
cumspect. 

ANT.  Negligent,  thoughtless, 
unwary,  oblivious,  drowsy,  in- 
attentive, careless,  dull,  heed- 
less, inconsiderate,  neglectful, 
incautious. 

Vigorous.  Full  of  vigor,  strong, 
lusty,  robust;  forcible,  ener- 
getic, powerful,  sturdy,  hearty, 
thrifty,  flourishing,  spirited, 
lively. 

ANT.  Weak,  impotent,  inca- 
pacitated, feeble,  inactive,  debil- 
itated, powerless,  effete,  ener- 
vated, indolent. 

Vile.  Low,  base,  worthless,  des- 
picable, mean,  depraved,  im- 
pure, sinful,  wicked,  bad,  dis- 
honorable, ignoble,  degraded, 
sordid,  infamous,  low-minded. 

ANT.  Noble,  exalted,  honor- 
able, upright,  estimable,  great, 
worthy,  eminent,  liberal,  free, 
generous,  superior,  dignified, 
sublime,  stately. 

Villain.  Scoundrel,  knave,  ras- 
cal, scamp,  ruffian,  rogu«; 
malefactor. 

ANT.  Oentleman,  man  of  re- 
finement, polish,  delicacy,  and 
honor. 

Villainous.  Base,  vile,  mean,  de- 
praved; sorry,  mischievous,  in- 
famous, knavish ;  heinous,  sin- 
ful, outrageous,  atrocious. 

ANT.  Gentlemanly,  noble, 
refined,  honorable,  worthy,  up- 
right. 

Vindicate.  Maintain,  defend, 
justify;  assert,  protest,  pro- 
nounce, declare,  asseverate ;  up- 
hold, claim,  substantiate,  sup- 
port, advocate. 

AXT.     Surrender,  yield,  givt 


[  278  ] 


Yin] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[vis 


up,  resign;  abandon,  forego, 
waive;  destroy,  annul,  vitiate; 
accuse,  charge,  impute,  tax, 
slur. 

Vindictive.  Revengeful,  unfor- 
giving, implacable,  spiteful,  un- 
relenting, malicious. 

ANT.  Forgiving,  generous, 
merciful,  long-suffering,  mag- 
nanimous. 

Violate.  Injure,  disturb,  inter- 
rupt, transgress,  desecrate,  de- 
bauch, dishonor,  outrage,  pro- 
fane, abuse,  infringe,  ravish. 

ANT.  Respect,  protect,  rev- 
erence, honor,  value,  prize,  fos- 
ter, shelter. 

Violence.  Vehemence,  impetu- 
osity, fierceness,  force,  viola- 
tion, infraction,  infringement, 
transgression,  profanation,  as- 
sault, outrage. 

ANT.  Preservation,  defense, 
protection;  mildness,  self-con- 
trol, gentleness,  respect,  obedi- 
ence, conservation. 

Violent.  Fierce,  vehement,  out- 
rageous, boisterous,  turbulent, 
impetuous,  passionate,  severe, 
extreme. 

ANT.  Sane,  sober,  calm,  col- 
lected, unruffled,  composed, 
cool. 

Virgin,  n.  Maid,  maiden,  girl, 
damsel. 

ANT.  Wife,  mother,  married 
woman;  prostitute,  whore. 

Virgin,  a.  Chaste,  maidenly, 
modest;  pure,  undefiled,  fresh, 
new. 

ANT.  Married,  matronly, 
motherly;  defiled,  polluted. 

Virile.  Mature,  masculine ;  mas- 
terful, forceful;  robust,  vigor- 
ous. 

ANT.  Feminine;  feeble,  ef- 
feminate, puerile,  emasculate. 

Virtual.  Potential,  efficacious, 
energizing,  implicit,  indirect, 
practical,  essential,  equivalent. 


ANT.  Stated,  direct,  definite, 
expressed,  explicit,  emphatic, 
categorical. 

Virtue.  Energy,  strength,  po- 
tency, efficacy;  value,  merit, 
excellence ;  worth,  meritori- 
ousnesa;  integrity,  purity,  vir- 
ginity, chastity;  goodness,  mo- 
rality, uprightness,  rectitude, 
probity,  righteousness ;  force, 
power,  capacity ;  honor,  worthi- 
ness, honesty,  truth,  duty,  vir- 
tuousness,  faithfulness,  justice. 
ANT.  Inability,  weakness, 
impotency,  inefficacy ;  badness, 
corruption,  impurity,  unchas- 
tity,  depravity,  wickedness,  laa- 
ity,  dishonesty. 

Virtuous.  Excellent,  upright, 
righteous,  pure,  chaste;  good, 
honest,  exemplary,  blameless, 
worthy,  modest. 

ANT.  Wicked,  bad,  wrong, 
unrighteous,  impure,  dishonest, 
worthless,  immodest,  blame- 
worthy. 

Virulence.  Malignancy,  virus, 
contagion,  poison,  venom;  bit- 
terness, malevolence,  acrimony. 
ANT.  Mildness,  blandness, 
salubriousness,  abatement,  as- 
suagement; potency;  benevo~ 
lence,  virtue. 

Visible.  Perceptible,  noticeable, 
apparent,  open,  conspicuous,  ob- 
vious, manifest,  evident,  clear, 
plain,  observable,  palpable,  dis- 
cernible. 

ANT.  Invisible,  unseen,  itn~ 
perceptible,  concealed,  eclipsed, 
indistinguishable,  impalpable, 
microscopic,  indiscernible. 

Vision.  Sight;  apparition,  crea- 
tion, phantom,  fancy,  specter, 
appearance,  chimera,  illusion, 
phantasm. 

ANT.  Material,  substance; 
reality,  fact,  actuality. 

Visionary.  Fanciful,  fantastic, 
unreal,  imaginary,  ideal,  chi- 


[  279  ] 


Tit] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[vol 


merical,  fantastical,  wild, 
whimsical,  capricious,  illusory, 
romantic,  shadowy,  dreamy,  un- 
substantial, fabulous. 

ANT.  Actual,  real,  true,  sub- 
stantial, genuine,  palpable,  au- 
thentic, veritable. 

Vital.  Living;  mortal;  impor- 
tant, necessary,  essential ;  ani- 
mate ;  indispensable,  material, 
paramount. 

ANT.  Mortal,  lifeless,  inani- 
mate, secondary,  separable,  un- 
essential, unimportant,  immate- 
rial. 

Vitiate.  Impair,  contaminate, 
annul,  spoil,  void,  destroy,  in- 
jure; cause  to  deteriorate, 
taint;  invalidate. 

ANT.  Adhere  to,  corroborate, 
support,  confirm,  substantiate, 
justify,  sanction,  vindicate;  re- 
fresh, improve,  remedy. 

Vivacious.  Animated,  sportive, 
gay,  jocund,  light-hearted; 
merry,  sprightly;  brisk,  frolic- 
some, spirited,  cheerful,  mirth- 
ful. 

ANT.  Inanimate,  dead,  life- 
less, spiritless,  heavy,  somber, 
melancholy,  mournful,  sad,  in- 
ert, dull,  stolid. 

Vivid.  Clear,  lucid,  striking,  ac- 
tive, lively,  quick;  fresh,  in- 
tense, animated,  bright,  strong, 
spirited,  sprightly ;  brilliant, 
lustrous,  radiant,  glowing,  scin- 
tillant,  sunny. 

ANT.  Dull,  opaque,  lurid,  ob- 
scure, rayless,  somber,  cloudy, 
dark,  colorless,  dim,  pale,  wan, 
dusky,  non-luminous. 

Vocation.  Call,  summons,  cita- 
tion; business,  profession,  em- 
ployment, calling,  occupation, 
trade;  function,  mission,  office. 
ANT.  Leisure,  non-employ- 
ment; avocation,  hobby. 

Vogue.  Mode,  custom,  way,  use, 
fashion,  practice,  usage. 


ANT.  Disfavor,  desuetude, 
disuse,  unfashionableness,  abo- 
lition. 

Voice,  n.  Sound,  utterance,  tone; 
language,  words,  speech,  judg- 
ment, expression,  vote;  com- 
mand, precept;  opinion. 

ANT.  Dumbness,  silence,  in- 
expression,  muteness,  inarticu- 
lation,  obtumescence. 

Void,  a.  Empty,  vacant,  devoid, 
wanting,  ineffectual,  destitute, 
lacking;  unoccupied,  unused, 
unfilled;  null,  invalid,  nuga- 
tory; vain,  unreal,  imaginary, 
unsubstantial. 

ANT.  Occupied,  solid,  sub- 
stantial, possessed,  endued;  ef- 
fectual, valid,  operative,  good, 
efficacious,  furnished. 

Volatile.  Light-hearted,  airy; 
changeable,  fickle;  lively,  evap- 
orating, vaporable,  vivacious, 
buoyant,  jocund ;  inconstant, 
flighty,  whimsical,  capricious, 
unsteady,  reckless. 

ANT.  Fixed,  steady,  estab- 
lished, determined,  solid,  set- 
tled; persistent,  resolute;  in- 
volatile;  somber,  demure.  i 

Volition.  Will,  choice,  prefer- 
ence, determination,  purpose; 
discretion,  free  will,  election, 
deliberation. 

ANT.  Necessity,  force,  pre- 
destination,  fate,  coercion,  fore- 
ordination. 

Voluble.  Rotating;  nimble,  glib; 
active;  fluent,  loquacious,  talk- 
ative, rapid,  running,  coursing. 
ANT.  Direct;  slow,  deliber- 
ate, hesitating,  stuttering,  tor- 
pid, stammering,  creeping,  lazy. 

Volume.  Book,  tome;  convolu- 
tion, coil;  dimension,  mass,  ca- 
pacity, bulk,  size. 

ANT.    Minuteness,  smallness. 

Voluntary.  Spontaneous,  will- 
ing, un  compel  led  ;  free,  impul- 
sive; unconstrained,  deliberate, 


[  280  ] 


vol] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[wak 


intentional,    optional,    gratui- 
tous, by  choice;   discretional. 

ANT.  Coerced,  forced,  invol- 
untary, compulsory,  necessi- 
tated, constrained. 
Volunteer,  v.  Offer,  bestow,  or 
act  freely,  proffer,  tender,  pre- 
sent. 

ANT.  Levy,  draft,  requisi- 
tion, request,  demand,  suborn, 
confiscate. 

Voluptuous.  Sensual,  sensuous, 
epicurean5  luxurious,  pleasur- 
able, licentious,  self-indul- 
gent. 

ANT.  Self-sacrificing,  absti- 
nent, ascetic,  self-denying,  aus- 
tere, puritanical,  renuncia- 
tory. 

Voracious.  Hungry,  greedy,  ra- 
pacious, eager,  ravenous,  glut- 
tonous, insatiate,  omnivorous. 

ANT.  Fastidious,  dainty,  re- 
fined, delicate,  nice. 
Vouch..  Declare,  affirm,  attest, 
support,  asseverate,  aver,  pro- 
test, assure,  promise,  warrant, 
guarantee. 

ANT.    Repudiate,  abjure,  re- 


nounce, protest  against,  demur, 
decline,  abnegate. 

Vouchsafe.  Grant,  concede,  be- 
stow; condescend,  deign,  stoop, 
descend,  yield. 

ANT.    Deny,  refuse,  toithhold. 

Vow,  n.  Promise,  pledge;  oath, 
asseveration. 

Vow,  v.  Devote,  promise,  conse- 
crate, dedicate;  assert,  assever- 
ate, swear. 

ANT.  Release,  absolve,  free; 
pollute,  defile,  profane. 

Vulgar.  Common,  general,  ordi- 
nary, public;  vernacular;  ple- 
beian ;  popular ;  rustic,  boorish, 
low,  coarse,  base,  underbred. 

ANT.  Noble,  aristocratic,  pa- 
trician, high-born,  refined,  po- 
lite, high-bred,  stylish,  select, 
choice,  cultivated;  strict,  scien- 
tific, philosophical,  technical, 
accurate. 

Vulnerable.  Susceptible,  liable, 
subject,  assailable,  weak,  ten- 
der, exposed. 

ANT.  Impregnable,  unassail- 
able, unexposed,  concealed,  for- 
tified,  defended. 


w 


Waft.  Bear,  convey,  transmit, 
carry,  transport,  make  to  float 
on  waves  ( of  air  or  icater). 

ANT.  Sink,  weigh  down,  de- 
press. 

Wages.  Salary,  stipend,  allow- 
ance, remuneration,  fruit,  hire, 
pay,  compensation ;  earnings ; 
reward,  emolument. 

ANT.  Gratuity,  bonus,  pre- 
mium, grace,  douceur,  gift, 
boon. 

Wait.  Stay,  tarry,  delay,  stop, 
abide,  remain,  linger;  rest;  ex- 
pect, watch,  await,  look  for. 


ANT.  Hasten,  hurry,  speed, 
press  on;  go,  depart. 
Waive.  Relinquish,  forbear,  re- 
fuse, forego;  throw  away,  cast 
off,  reject,  desert;  abandon,  re- 
mit, quit  claim,  cancel,  drop, 
renounce,  surrender. 

ANT.  Urge,  assert,  press, 
enforce,  claim,  defend,  vindi- 
cate. 

Wake.  Be  awake,  watch;  ex- 
cite, arouse,  stir;  reanimate, 
revive;  call,  evoke,  summon, 
provoke. 

ANT.    Soothe,  hush,  tranquil* 


[  281  ] 


wak] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[war 


ise,    quiet;    mesmerize;    allay, 
appease,  calm. 

WakefuL  Vigilant,  awake,  sleep- 
less ;  watchful,  observant,  wary. 
ANT.    Drowsy,  sleepy;  heed- 
less,   careless,    incautious,    un- 
wary. 

Walk.  Move  on  foot,  proceed; 
be  stirring,  be  abroad;  behave, 
pursue,  conduct  one's  self;  per- 
ambulate, pass,  traverse;  step, 
stride,  march,  stalk,  tramp, 
plod,  trudge,  tread. 

ANT.  Halt,  stop,  stand  still; 
ride,  drive. 

Wan.  Pale,  sickly,  languid,  pal- 
lid; ashen,  colorless,  haggard, 
cadaverous;  livid,  bloodless. 

ANT.  Fresh-colored,  bright, 
rosy,  lively,  sanguine,  incarna- 
dine. 

Wander.  Straggle,  stroll,  range ; 
turn  aside;  be  delirious,  rave; 
be  crazed;  expatiate;  depart, 
saunter ;  navigate,  travel ;  devi- 
ate, diverge,  err,  ramble,  go 
astray,  rove,  stray,  veer,  roam, 
ewerve,  digress. 

ANT.  Remain,  stay,  settle, 
rest,  stop,  pause,  moor,  anchor, 
perch,  bivouac,  halt,  alight, 
repose. 

Wane.  Be  diminished,  decrease ; 
decline,  fail,  sink;  fade,  pale; 
ebb;  pine,  droop,  deteriorate, 
attenuate,  contract,  recede. 

ANT.  Wax,  increase,  rally, 
improve,  brighten,  expand,  de- 
velop, advance. 

Want,  n.  Defect,  failure,  dearth, 
indigence,  absence,  scarcity,  de- 
ficiency, lack;  destitution,  pov- 
erty, need,  shortness,  insuffi- 
ciency, scantiness. 

ANT.  Supply,  sufficiency,  al- 
lowance, provision,  abundance, 
production,  adequacy,  supple- 
ment. 

Ward,  n.  Watch,  guardianship, 
guard;  garrison,  defender,  pro- 


tector; defense,  protection;  cus- 
tody; keeper,  guardian,  war- 
den; pupil,  minor;  division! 
apartment. 

Ward,  v.  Watch,  guard;  defend, 
protect;  repel,  turn  aside;  be 
vigilant;  keep  guard,  avert,  re- 
pel, parry,  fend. 

ANT.  Betray,  surrender,  ad- 
mit. 

Warfare.  Hostilities,  war;  con- 
test, struggle;  strife,  discord; 
belligerence,  antagonism;  cam- 
paign, battle,  skirmish,  engage- 
ment. 

ANT.  Peace,  truce,  armis- 
tice; amity,  pacification;  neu- 
trality ;  reconciliation;  tran- 
quillity, friendliness,  harmony, 
order,  quiet,  concord. 

Warlike.  Military,  martial,  hos- 
tile, soldierly,  inimical,  belli- 
cose, unfriendly,  belligerent. 

ANT.  Peaceful,  civil,  unmili- 
tary,  friendly,  pacific,  amicable. 

Warm.  Ardent,  zealous,  fervent, 
cordial,  hot,  glowing;  violent, 
vehement,  furious,  excited,  pas- 
sionate; warm-blooded,  warm- 
hearted; sunny,  mild,  genial, 
pleasant ;  close,  oppressive ;  fer- 
vid, earnest,  eager,  enthusias- 
tic, hearty;  lively,  interested; 
irascible. 

ANT.  Cool,  cold;  dispassion- 
ate, collected,  composed,  calm, 
unruffled,  placid,  sedate,  quiet, 
staid;  unconcerned,  frigid,  apa- 
thetic, chilling;  repellent. 

Warmth.  Fervency,  glow,  ear- 
nestness, cordiality,  animation, 
eagerness,  excitement,  vehe- 
mence ;  interest,  zeal,  ardor,  en- 
thusiasm, passion,  fervor,  heat, 
intensity,  spirit;  emotion,  life. 
ANT.  Coolness,  calmness,  in- 
difference, frigidity,  torpidity, 
apathy,  impassiveness ;  calm, 
chill,  obtuseness,  frost,  iciness. 

Warn.    Make   ware,    notify,   ad- 


[  282  ] 


war] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[way 


monish,  caution;  advise,  men- 
tion to,  inform,  apprise;  dis- 
suade, deter,  alarm,  premonish. 
ANT.  Encourage,  embolden, 
inspirit,  hearten,  induce,  insti- 
gate, prompt,  impel. 

"Warrant,  n.  Guaranty,  secur- 
ity, voucher;  commission,  cre- 
dentials. 

Warrant,  v.  Secure,  guarantee, 
support,  justify,  sanction,  as- 
sure; empower,  engage,  under- 
take, authorize. 

ANT.  Invalidate,  nullify,  re- 
pudiate, cancel,  make  void;  en- 
danger, imperil. 

Wary.  Circumspect,  watchful, 
cautious,  vigilant,  prudent,  dis- 
creet, heedful,  thoughtful,  care- 
ful, guarded,  scrupulous,  chary. 
ANT.  Unsuspecting,  unwary, 
incautious,  negligent,  heedless, 
inattentive,  indifferent,  remiss. 

Wash,  v.  Cleanse,  wet,  scrub, 
moisten,  bathe,  lave;  overflow, 
fall  on;  waste,  abrade;  stain, 
tint,  color;  overlay,  cover; 
cleanse,  rinse. 

ANT.  Soil,  stain,  pollute,  de- 
file, contaminate,  bemire. 

Waste,  n.  Squandering,  devasta- 
tion, loss,  decrease;  void,  des- 
ert, wilderness;  refuse;  prodi- 
gality, diminution,  dissipation, 
destruction,  havoc,  desolation, 
ravage;  solitude,  expanse;  con- 
sumption, expenditure,  extrava- 
gance. 

ANT.  Restoration,  renova- 
tion, reimbursement,  renewal, 
recovery,  restitution,  repara- 
tion; accumulation,  frugality, 
economy,  thrift,  hoard,  store, 
accretion. 

Waste,  v.  Squander,  dissipate, 
lavish,  desolate ;  ruin,  devas- 
tate, destroy;  wear  away,  im- 
pair, use  up,  consume,  spend; 
damage,  injure. 

ANT.     Restore,  renovate,  re- 


pair, renew;  develop,  multiply, 
augment;  economize,  hoard,  ac- 
cumulate, treasure,  husband, 
protect. 

Waste,  a.  Desolate,  devastated, 
stripped,  bare,  dreary,  dismal, 
gloomy,  cheerless ;  worthless, 
valueless,  refuse,  rejected,  un» 
used,  superfluous. 

ANT.  Populated,  occupied, 
cheerful,  lively;  valuable,  use- 
ful, essential,  necessary. 

Wasteful.  Destructive,  ruinous; 
lavish,  prodigal,  profuse,  ex- 
travagant. 

ANT.  Careful,  economical, 
frugal,  protective. 

Watch,  v.  Be  awake,  keep  vigil, 
be  on  guard,  tend;  heed,  ob- 
serve, expect. 

ANT.  Sleep,  drowse,  slum- 
ber; be  careless,  neglect,  over- 
look. 

Watchful.  Circumspect,  wake- 
ful, heedful;  vigilant,  awake, 
attentive,  wary,  cautious,  ob- 
servant. 

ANT.  Drowsy,  slumbrous,  in- 
observant, careless,  heedless,  in- 
attentive, unwary,  incautious, 
remiss,  distracted,  inadvertent. 

Waver.  Reel,  totter,  vacillate, 
fluctuate,  hesitate,  dubitate,  be 
undetermined,  alternate,  be 
perplexed,  scruple. 

ANT.  Decide,  choose,  settle, 
determine,  dispose  of,  be  stead- 
fast. 

Wavering,  n.  Fluctuation,  hesi- 
tancy, indecision,  vacillation; 
uncertainty,  irresolution. 

ANT.  Decision,  determina- 
tion, resolution,  promptness. 

Way.  Path,  road,  route,  street, 
track,  alley,  avenue,  channel, 
course,  highway,  pathway,  high- 
road, driveway,  lane,  pass,  pas- 
sageway, passage,  thoroughfare, 
roadway;  distance,  interval; 
motion,  progression,  journey; 


[  283   ] 


way] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[wed 


means,  scheme,  device,  plan; 
manner,  method,  mode,  fashion, 
style ;  practice,  habit,  habitude, 
custom,  wont. 

ANT.  Deviation,  error,  dis- 
cursion;  deflection,  divergence, 
rambling,  wandering;  excep- 
tion, variation. 

"Wayward.  Disobedient,  head- 
strong, froward,  perverse,  wil- 
ful, obstinate,  stubborn,  unruly, 
capricious,  contrary. 

ANT.  Amenable,  docile,  man- 
ageable, compliant,  obedient. 

Weak.  Feeble,  infirm,  sickly,  ex- 
hausted, unable ;  deficient ;  soft, 
pliant,  frail;  low,  faint;  spir- 
itless; foolish,  wavering,  lack- 
ing; debilitated,  unsound,  in- 
valid, fragile,  delicate,  tender; 
exposed,  unguarded,  defense- 
less; pliable,  irresolute;  simple, 
silly,  witless,  shallow,  imbecile, 
childish ;  injudicious,  unwise ; 
insipid,  tasteless,  thin,  diluted, 
watery;  imprudent,  indiscreet, 
erring;  flimsy,  slight,  frivolous; 
unsafe,  unsubstantial,  un- 
trustworthy ;  ineffectual. 

ANT.  Strong,  sturdy,  vigor- 
ous, hardy,  robust,  powerful; 
sound,  hale,  healthy,  stout, 
able;  efficient,  capable,  potent, 
mighty;  firm,  compact,  secure, 
impregnable;  forcible,  intense, 
energetic;  biting,  sharp,  racy, 
pungent;  rank;  tough,  tena- 
cious, cohesive,  resisting;  stren- 
uous, ardent,  eager,  zealous, 
hearty;  vivid,  brilliant;  solid, 
substantial;  valid,  confirmed, 
binding. 

"Weaken.  Debilitate,  enfeeble, 
enervate;  invalidate;  depress, 
impair,  reduce,  lower,  sap,  di- 
lute, attenuate. 

ANT.  Strengthen,  empower, 
invigorate;  confirm,  corrobo- 
rate, substantiate;  augment,  in- 
crease, mend,  improve;  enhance. 


Weakness.  Feebleness,  debility, 
languor,  imbecility,  infirmity, 
decrepitude,  faintness,  frailty. 
ANT.  Strength,  vigor,  tone, 
health,  power,  efficiency,  nerve, 
spirit. 

Wealth.  Riches,  affluence,  opu- 
lence, abundance,  plenty,  for- 
tune, competence,  estate,  treas- 
ure, money,  funds,  cash,  prop- 
erty; luxury,  satiety. 

ANT.  Poverty,  scarcity,  in- 
digence,  lack,  want,  need,  impe- 
cuniosity. 

Wear.  Carry,  bear,  have  on ;  use 
up;  impair,  waste,  diminish, 
consume;  last;  don,  exhibit, 
sport. 

ANT.  Doff,  abandon;  renew, 
renovate,  repair;  increase,  aug- 
ment, swell. 

Weariness.  Fatigue,  languor, 
exhaustion,  lassitude,  prostra- 
tion, depression. 

ANT.  Strength,  vigor,  force, 
energy,  restedness. 

Wearisome.  Tiresome,  tedious, 
irksome,  vexatious,  fatiguing; 
trying,  wearing;  prosy,  monot- 
onous, annoying,  uninterest- 
ing; toilsome,  laborious. 

ANT.  Easy,  pleasing,  com- 
fortable; invigorating;  facile; 
interesting,  exciting,  fascinat- 
ing, delightful,  amusing,  stir- 
ring. 

Weary,  a.  Fatigued,  tiresome, 
irksome,  wearisome ;  tired,  sick, 
exhausted. 

ANT.  Energetic,  strong,  re- 
freshed, invigorated :  pleased, 
interested. 

Weave.  Interlace,  unite;  com- 
pose, fabricate;  intwine,  plait, 
braid,  plat. 

ANT.  Disentangle,  unravel, 
untwist,  disunite,  untwine;  ex- 
tricate, simplify. 

Wed.  Marry,  espouse;  unite,  at- 
tach. 


I  284  ] 


wed] 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[who  ' 


ANT.    Separate,  divorce. 

Wedding.  Marriage,  bridal,  es- 
pousals, nuptials,  nuptial  cere- 
mony. 

ANT.  Celibacy,  bachelorhood, 
virginity. 

Wedlock.  Marriage,  matrimony, 
nuptial  state. 

ANT.  Celibacy,  bachelorhood, 
virginity. 

Weep.  Cry,  shed  tears,  lament, 
complain ;  drip,  be  soaked ;  sob, 
bewail,  bemoan;  droop. 

ANT.  Laugh,  smile;  rejoice, 
be  cheerful,  enjoy. 

Weight.  Heaviness ;  pressure, 
burden;  importance,  influence, 
consequence,  moment ;  ponder- 
ousness,  gravity,  load,  power; 
efficacy,  impressiveness. 

ANT.  Lightness,  levity,  vola- 
tility; insignificance,  triviality, 
weakness,  inefjlcacy,  worthless- 
ness  ;portableness,  ease,  facility. 

Weighty.  Heavy,  ponderous, 
burdensome,  onerous;  forcible, 
momentous ;  efficacious,  impres- 
sive, cogent. 

ANT.  Easy,  light,  unencum- 
bered; active,  swift ;  slight,  un- 
important; frivolous,  volatile, 
unsettled,  giddy. 

Welcome,  n.  Greeting,  saluta- 
tion, reception. 

ANT.  Farewell,  adieu,  part- 
ing, good-by,  leave-taking;  re- 
pulse, repudiation. 

Welcome,  a.  Grateful,  pleasing, 
gladly  entertained,  acceptable, 
agreeable,  gratifying;  gratui- 
tous, free. 

ANT.  Unwelcome,  unpleas- 
ant, disagreeable,  unacceptable. 

Welfare.  Prosperity,  happiness, 
well-being,  enjoyment,  success, 
weal,  advantage,  benefit,  profit, 
luck,  thrift. 

ANT.  Adversity,  misfortune, 
reverses,  failure,  ill  luck,  un- 
happiness. 


Well,  a.  Good,  desirable,  fortu- 
nate, advantageous;  healthy; 
favored,  lucky;  hale,  sound. 

ANT.  Ill,  sickly,  diseased, 
unwell,  poorly;  unlucky,  unfor- 
tunate. 

Well,  adv.  Justly,  rightly,  abun- 
dantly, fully,  adequately,  thor- 
oughly, satisfactorily,  advanta- 
geously, conveniently,  properly. 
ANT.  Ill,  wrongly,  poorly, 
imperfectly,  improperly,  badly 

Wet.  Damp,  moist,  rainy,  hu- 
mid; nasty;  dank;  showery; 
lively,  interesting. 

ANT.  Dry,  parched,  thirsty, 
arid;  plain,  unvarnished; 
shrewd,  sharp,  quaint. 

Wheedle.  Cajole,  flatter,  entice, 
coax,  inveigle,  fawn  upon. 

ANT.  Deter,  undeceive,  de- 
tract, decry;  chide,  scold,  re- 
buke,  blame. 

Whereas.  Since,  considering; 
when  in  fact,  while,  although; 
seeing  that;  inasmuch  as. 

Whimsical.  Capricious,  fanciful, 
queer,  strange,  freakish,  quaint, 
fantastic. 

ANT.  Staid,  serious,  softer, 
matter-of-fact,  steady,  sedate. 

White.  Snowy,  pale,  pallid;  un- 
blemished, innocent,  pure ;  gray, 
hoary;  fortunate,  happy,  favor- 
able. 

ANT.  Black,  dark,  colorless, 
negro,  sooty,  coallike;  dismal, 
gloomy,  forbidding,  threaten- 
ing, sullen,  foreboding;  impure, 
sullied. 

Whole.  All,  total,  complete,  en- 
tire, undivided,  uninjured,  un- 
broken ;  unimpaired,  integral ; 
sound,  perfect,  faultless,  strong, 
well,  healthy. 

ANT.  Partial,  imperfect,  un- 
sound, ill,  sick;  divided,  frac- 
tional. 

Wholesome.  Salubrious,  salu- 
tary, healthy,  healthful,  nour- 


[  285  ] 


who] 


[win 


ishing,  nutritious,  strengthen- 
ing, invigorating;  beneficial, 
good;  fresh,  sound,  uncorrupt. 

ANT.  Detrimental,  deleteri- 
ous, prejudicial,  hurtful,  perni- 
cious, noxious. 

Wholly.  Entirely,  completely, 
perfectly,  totally,  fully,  alto- 
gether, utterly. 

ANT.  Partially,  imperfectly, 
incompletely,  separately,  in 
part. 

Wicked.  Sinful,  criminal,  guilty, 
immoral,  ungodly,  profane,  un- 
righteous, atrocious,  unholy,  vi- 
cious, nefarious,  heinous,  aban- 
doned, iniquitous,  depraved, 
unprincipled,  irreverent,  vile, 
abandoned,  bad,  evil,  unjust, 
ill,  outrageous,  monstrous,  vil- 
lainous. 

ANT.  Good,  righteous,  just, 
godly,  virtuous,  fair,  honorable, 
unsullied,  pious,  benevolent,  up- 
right, reputable,  true,  excellent. 

Wickedness.  Crime,  sin,  vice, 
iniquity,  evil,  depravity,  im- 
morality, enormity;  badness, 
vileness,  corruption. 

ANT.  Goodness,  piety,  godli- 
ness, righteousness,  honor,  vir- 
tue, benevolence. 

Wide.  Broad,  spacious,  vast,  ex- 
tensive, comprehensive,  liberal; 
remote,  distant,  far;  ample,  ex- 
panded. 

ANT.  Narrow,  contracted, 
confined,  cramped,  constricted, 
limited;  bigoted,  parsimonious; 
close,  near. 

Wife.  Married  woman,  consort, 
spouse,  helpmate. 

ANT.  Sweetheart,  maiden; 
widow. 

Wild,  a.  Untamed,  uncultivated, 
undomesticated ;  savage,  unciv- 
ilized, rude,  ferocious;  violent, 
turbulent;  disorderly,  crazy, 
ungoverned;  visionary;  unshel- 
tered, exposed. 


ANT.  Tame,  domesticated, 
cultivated,  civilized;  populated, 
frequented;  polite,  gentle,  re~ 
fined;  rational,  orderly,  sane, 
controlled,  sober,  collected. 

Wile.  Trick,  snare,  artifice,  be- 
guilement,  allurement,  strata- 
gem, cheat,  fraud,  imposture, 
deceit,  deception,  contrivance, 
device. 

ANT.  Artlessness,  openness, 
candor,  straightforwardness. 

Wilful.  Self-determined,  volun- 
tary; obstinate,  perverse,  stub- 
born, refractory ;  self-willed, 
headstrong;  wayward;  inten- 
tional, prepense,  preconceived, 
premeditated,  designed,  delib- 
erate, purposed. 

ANT.  Concessive,  compliant, 
amenable,  obedient,  docile,  man- 
ageable; adventitious,  acciden- 
tal. 

Will,  n.  Choice,  determination, 
preference,  volition;  decree,  de- 
sire, command,  purpose ;  con- 
trol, disposal ;  testament ;  reso- 
lution, decision,  self-reliance, 
force ;  inclination,  pleasure,  dis- 
position; behest,  order,  direc- 
tion. 

ANT.  Indecision,  vacillation, 
indeterminateness,  indifference; 
sensibility,  perception. 

Will,  v.  Bequeath,  devise,  direct; 
choose,  decide,  determine,  de- 
cree; wish,  desire,  incline  to 
have;  be  willing. 

ANT.  Die  intestate;  be  indif- 
ferent. 

Willing.  Inclined,  consenting, 
ready,  complying;  chosen,  de- 
sired; disposed,  minded,  desir- 
ous; voluntary. 

ANT.  Loath,  disinclined,  re- 
luctant, averse,  backward. 

Win.  Gain,  get,  procure,  earn; 
be  victorious,  prevail;  obtain; 
acquire,  achieve;  conquer;  suc- 
ceed, accomplish. 


[  286  ] 


win] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[wit 


ANT.  Lose,  fail  of,  miss,  for- 
feit, be  deprived  or  bereaved 
of. 

Wind,  v.  Coil,  twine,  wreathe, 
twist,  turn ;  enfold,  encircle ;  di- 
rect; insinuate. 

ANT.  Straighten,  unravel, 
untwist. 

Winding.  Twisting,  circuitous, 
bending,  curving,  meandering, 
flexuous,  serpentine,  sinuous. 

ANT.  Straight,  rectilinear, 
direct,  undeviating,  unswerving. 

Winning.  Charming,  attractive, 
alluring,  pleasing,  bewitching, 
winsome,  fascinating,  delight- 
ful, lovely,  captivating,  prepos- 
sessing, enchanting. 

ANT.  Repulsive,  unpleasing, 
repellent,  disagreeable,  offen- 
sive, repugnant,  revolting,  dis- 
gusting, odious. 

Wisdom.  Judgment,  prudence, 
reason,  understanding,  sense, 
skill,  sagacity,  attainment,  dis- 
cernment, depth,  discretion,  in- 
formation, foresight,  learning, 
profundity,  reasonableness,  pre- 
science, knowledge,  insight,  ju- 
diciousness, erudition,  enlight- 
enment. 

ANT.  Folly,  imbecility,  stu- 
pidity, error,  foolishness,  fatu- 
ity, idiocy,  absurdity,  impru- 
dence, indiscretion,  miscalcula- 
tion, nonsense,  mis  judgment, 
silliness,  senselessness. 

Wise.  Knowing,  erudite,  wary, 
learned,  sagacious;  crafty;  ju- 
dicious, discreet;  skilled,  in- 
telligent, rational ;  sage,  sensi- 
ble ;  logical ;  deep,  discerning, 
profound,  philosophical. 

ANT.  Senseless,  idiotic,  ir- 
rational; nonsensical,  impru- 
dent, irrational,  indiscreet,  ri- 
diculous, preposterous,  insen- 
sate. 

Wish,  v.  Long  for,  hanker  after, 
desire;  invoke,  imprecate. 


ANT.  Despise,  dislike;  dia- 
relish,  be  averse  to,  displease. 

Wit.  Ingenuity,  humor,  satire, 
sarcasm,  irony,  burlesque;  in- 
tellect, mind,  understanding, 
sense;  man  of  genius  or  humor; 
penetration,  discernment,  in- 
sight, acumen ;  facetiousness, 
drollery,  waggery,  jocularity, 
sparkle,  repartee,  joke,  playful- 
ness, fun,  witticism,  pleasantry, 
banter,  jest,  raillery. 

ANT.  Stupidity,  inanity,  ob- 
tuseness,  vapidity,  dulness, 
commonplace,  matter-of-fact; 
irrationality,  platitude;  dolt, 
dullard;  sobriety,  solemnity,  se- 
riousness, gravity,  stolidity. 

Witchcraft.  Sorcery,  enchant- 
ment, magic,  necromancy,  con- 
juration, incantation,  charm, 
spell,  thaumaturgy. 

Witchery.  Sorcery,  witchcraft; 
fascination,  enchantment,  spell, 
entrancement,  ravishment. 

ANT.  Reality,  actuality,  dis- 
illusionment, bald  facts. 

With.  By,  on  the  side  of,  by  the 
help  of;  attending,  accompany- 
ing, close ;  against ;  according 
to ;  in  contrast  with ;  upon,  im- 
mediately after. 

Withdraw.  Take  back,  recall, 
retire;  draw  back,  remove;  re- 
cede, depart. 

ANT.  Offer,  afford;  produce; 
repeat,  reiterate,  confirm;  re~ 
nor,-  furnish,  propose,  give. 

Withhold.  Hold  back,  restrain, 
impede,  hamper;  retain,  refuse; 
suppress,  check,  rein  in,  inhibit, 
stint,  forbear;  detain. 

ANT.  Let  go,  give,  bestow, 
confer;  admit,  yield;  furnish, 
allow,  provide,  permit;  encour- 
age, embolden,  cheer,  hearten, 
animate. 

Within,  a.  Inside,  inwardly,  in- 
ternally, indoors,  in  the  limits 
of. 


[  287  ] 


wit] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[wor 


ANT.  Without,  outside,  out- 
wardly, externally,  outdoors. 

Without,  prep.  Out  of,  beyond, 
out  of  the  limits  of,  in  the  ab- 
sence of,  in  separation  from; 
independently  of;  exclusive  of, 
omitting. 

ANT.  Within,  inside  of,  in 
the  limits  of,  including,  embrac- 
ing. 

"Without,  con;'.    Unless,  except. 

Withstand.  Oppose,  resist,  con- 
front, thwart,  combat,  prevent, 
contradict. 

ANT.  Concede,  grant,  assist, 
submit,  acquiesce,  abet,  coun- 
tenance, encourage,  support. 

Witness,  n.  Attestation,  testi- 
mony, evidence,  proof;  one  who 
attests  or  is  directly  cognizant 
of;  eye-witness;  deponent,  cor- 
roborator ;  spectator,  auditor, 
voucher. 

ANT.  Belief,  hearsay,  rumor, 
report ;  invalidation,  refutation. 

Witty.  Acute,  sharp,  smart,  fa- 
cetious, arch,  keen,  amusing, 
humorous,  satirical,  taunting, 
ironical. 

ANT.  Dull,  stupid,  obtuse, 
dry,  prosaic,  prosy,  tiresome,  te- 
dious, serious. 

Woe.  Grief,  sorrow,  misery,  ca- 
lamity; curse,  malediction;  dis- 
consolateness,  tribulation,  mel- 
ancholy, agony,  depression,  un- 
happiness. 

ANT.  Joy,  delight,  pleasure, 
prosperity,  enjoyment,  bliss,  fe- 
licity, welfare,  cheerfulness, 
merriment. 

Woful.  Sorrowful,  distressed, 
wretched,  afflicted,  unhappy, 
sad;  paltry,  poor,  piteous,  dis- 
consolate, miserable,  burdened, 
troubled. 

ANT.  Joyous,  light-hearted, 
cheerful,  merry,  rejoiced,  glad, 
delighted,  gay,  blessed. 

Womanhood.      Muliebrity,   ma- 


turity in  woman,  feminality; 
womanliness ;  woman,  woman- 
kind. 

ANT.  Manhood,  manliness, 
masculinity;  man,  mankind. 

Womanish.  Effeminate,  weak, 
foolishly  feminine. 

ANT.  Mannish,  aping  a  man, 
foolishly  masculine. 

Womanly.  Becoming  a  woman, 
feminine,  delicate,  refined. 

ANT.  Manly,  strong,  virile, 
becoming  a  man. 

Wonder,  n.  Astonishment,  ad- 
miration, amazement,  surprise, 
awe,  bewilderment,  curiosity; 
portent,  miracle,  prodigy,  mar- 
vel; phenomenon,  sight,  rarity, 
spectacle. 

ANT.  Expectation,  anticipa- 
tion; familiarity,  apathy,  in- 
difference; foreknowledge,  pre- 
science; ennui;  satiety;  plati- 
tude, truism,  commonplace. 

Wonderful.  Amazing,  astonish' 
ing,  marvelous,  surprising,  im- 
probable, strange,  incredulous; 
startling,  awesome,  portentous, 
extraordinary,  prodigious,  won- 
drous. 

ANT.  Commonplace,  famil- 
iar, expected,  ordinary,  wonted, 
hackneyed,  customary,  habitual. 

Wonted.  Accustomed,  usual,  ha- 
bitual, customary,  habituated, 
used,  conventional,  regular,  fre- 
quent, common. 

ANT.  Exceptional,  unusual, 
unused,  unconventional,  infre- 
quent, irregular. 

Wood.  Forest,  grove,  thicket; 
timber,  trees;  copse,  woodland, 
forestland. 

ANT.  Open,  prairie,  clear- 
ing. 

Word.  Term,  expression,  ac- 
cents, tongue,  vocable ;  account, 
tidinga,  message ;  statement, 
declaration,  affirmation,  prom- 
ise; (pi.)  contention,  dispute, 


288  ] 


•wor] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[wor 


wrangling,  altercation;  speech, 
talk,  discourse,  language. 

ANT.  Idea,  conception,  sug- 
gestion; sentence,  unit  of  com- 
position, paragraph. 

Work,  n.  Exertion,  activity,  ef- 
fort, toil,  employment,  labor; 
business,  duty;  product,  fabric, 
production,  performance,  man- 
ufacture; act,  deed,  service,  re- 
sult, effect,  achievement,  feat; 
composition,  structure ;  man- 
agement, treatment,  operation, 
issue,  fruit;  occupation;  ac-' 
tion.  drudgery.  • 

ANT.  Frustration,  abortion, 
hodge-podge;  failure,  deficiency, 
defect,  fault;  miscarriage;  rest, 
inertia,  fruitlessness,  inopera- 
tiveness;  inefficiency,  futility; 
repose,  relaxation,  ease,  vaca- 
tion, idleness,  leisure,  recrea- 
tion. 

Work,  v.  Exert  one's  self,  labor, 
be  engaged,  toil;  operate,  act, 
perform;  effect,  affect,  conduce, 
influence;  strain;  use,  utilize; 
produce,  accomplish ;  prevail 
upon,  manage,  lead;  ferment. 

ANT.  Rest,  recreate,  stop,  re- 
pose, halt,  relax,  be  at  ease, 
lie,  recline,  sleep,  slumber;  fail, 
miscarry,  be  wanting,  lapse. 

Workman.  Worker,  artificer,  la- 
borer, artisan,  mechanic,  opera- 
tive, craftsman;  toiler,  hand; 
master. 

ANT.  Employer,  superinten- 
dent, inspector,  supervisor,  di- 
rector, overseer. 

Workmanship.  Handicraft,  ex- 
ecution, skill,  art,  manipula- 
tion, handiwork. 

ANT.     Bungling,  botching. 

World.  Earth,  universe,  crea- 
tion; affairs,  interests,  life,  ac- 
tion, occupation ;  inhabitants, 
people,  mankind ;  globe,  cosmos, 
planet,  nature;  public,  society, 
human  race. 


ANT.  Heaven;  atom,  indi- 
vidual. 

Worldly.  Human,  common ;  sec- 
ular, temporal;  mundane,  ter- 
restrial, earthly;  fleshly,  car- 
nal; universal;  sublunary;  sor- 
did, selfish,  ambitious,  earth- 
born,  groveling. 

ANT.  Spiritual,  ethereal,  ce- 
lestial, heavenly,  lunar,  solar; 
incorporeal,  ghostly;  ideal,  ab- 
stract, mental,  intellectual;  sa- 
cred, holy,  pure. 

Worry,  n.  Care,  anxiety,  fret, 
solicitude,  torment,  vexation, 
trouble,  annoyance,  plague,  dis- 
quiet ;  perplexity,  concern,  fear, 
apprehension,  uneasiness,  mis- 
giving. 

ANT.  Trust,  calm,  courage, 
serenity,  tranquillity,  placidr 
ity,  quiet,  ease  of  mind,  reso- 
lution, dauntlessness. 

Worship,  n.  Reverence,  hom- 
age, adoration,  submission,  ob- 
sequiousness, honor,  abject- 
ness. 

ANT.  Detestation,  hatred, 
abhorrence,  loathing,  disgust, 
antipathy,  assertion,  defiance, 
challenge. 

Worship,  v.  Adore,  reverence, 
revere,  idolize,  respect,  defer, 
venerate,  deify,  honor,  exalt. 

ANT.  Defy,  dare;  abhor,  de~ 
test,  hate,  disdain,  abominate, 
contemn,  loathe. 

Worth.  Desert,  merit,  excel- 
lence; price,  rate;  value,  qual- 
ity, equivalence ;  virtue,  char- 
acter, worthiness,  integrity; 
credit,  cost,  estimate. 

ANT.  Demerit,  worthless- 
i*ess,  cheapness,  uselessness,  fu- 
tility, poverty. 

Worthless.  Undeserving,  use- 
less, valueless,  vile,  mean,  mis- 
erable, poor,  wretched,  abject, 
unworthy,  ignoble,  abandoned, 
depraved;  refuse,  waste. 


[  289  ] 


worj 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


[wry 


Airr.  Costly,  valuable,  dear, 
high-priced,  expensive;  sump- 
tuous, splendid,  rich,  precious ; 
useful,  excellent,  estimable,  vir- 
tuous, worthy. 

Worthy.  Valuable,  deserving, 
estimable,  virtuous;  suitable, 
adapted,  meritorious,  exem- 
plary, upright,  righteous,  hon- 
est, honorable. 

ANT.  Worthless,  valueless, 
ignoble,  defective,  unsuitable, 

Wound,  v.  Hurt,  injure,  dam- 
age, harm,  cut,  stab,  rend,  lac- 
erate, pain;  annoy,  mortify, 
offend. 

ANT.  Heal,  allay,  cure,  rem- 
edy, soothe,  repair;  appease, 
assuage,  comfort,  harmo- 
nize. 

Wrap,  v.  Wind,  fold,  cover,  en- 
velop, enfold,  involve,  conceal, 
hide,  muffle. 

ANT.  Unwind,  unfold,  lay 
bare,  reveal,  develop,  expose. 

Wrath.  Fury,  ire,  resentment, 
passion,  anger,  rage,  exasper- 
ation, indignation,  choler,  irri- 
tation. 

ANT.  Calmness,  control,  re- 
straint, composure,  placidity, 
serenity. 

Wrathful.  Furious,  raging,  in- 
dignant, passionate,  choleric, 
ireful,  angry,  exasperated,  in- 
censed, irate,  wroth,  mad,  pro- 
voked, resentful. 

ANT.  Calm,  collected,  con- 
trolled, repressed,  masterly,  re- 
strained, good-tempered. 

Wreath.  Garland,  chaplet,  fes- 
toon, crown,  bays,  diadem. 

Wreck,  n.  Ruins,  remains,  rub- 
bish, wreckage,  debris;  havoc, 
destruction,  shipwreck,  ruin, 


desolation,    perdition,    demoli» 
tion. 

ANT.  Preservation,  conser- 
vation, saving,  protection,  *«. 
curity, 

Wrench,  v.  Pull,  twist,  wrest, 
force,  strain,  sprain;  pervert, 
distort,  wring. 

ANT.  Straighten,  untwist; 
rectify. 

Wretched.  Miserable,  calami- 
tous, afflicted,  unhappy,  de- 
graded, woful;  worthless,  pal- 
try; forlorn,  wobegone,  com- 
fortless, distressed ;  shocking, 
deplorable,  depressing,  sad; 
contemptible,  mean,  pitiful,  de- 
based, humiliated. 

ANT.  Prosperous,  flourish- 
ing, fortunate,  happy,  enviable, 
felicitous,  successful,  thriving; 
valuable;  honored,  noble,  ex- 
alted. 

Wrong,  a.  Injurious,  unjust, 
faulty,  detrimental,  unfit;  im- 
proper, incorrect;  mistaken,  er- 
roneous; illegal,  immoral. 

ANT.  Right,  upright,  law- 
ful, equitable,  fair,  just,  be- 
coming, proper,  suitable,  ap- 
propriate, fit;  correct,  true,  ac- 
tual, real. 

Wrought.     Worked,  elaborated; 
performed,  done,  effected,  exe- 
cuted, produced,  manufactured. 
ANT.     Rough,  crude,  coarse, 
raw,  unpolished. 

Wry.  Twisted,  distorted;  mis- 
directed, perverted,  wrested ; 
askew,  contorted,  deformed,  de- 
ranged; crooked,  awry. 

ANT.  Straight,  rectilinear, 
direct,  upright,  erect;  perpen- 
dicular, shapely,  comely,  sym- 
metrical, proper,  well-formed. 


T  290  ] 


yaw] 


SYNONYMS    AND    ANTONYMS 


[zea 


Yawn.    Open  wide,  gape ;  desire, 
be  eager. 
ANT.    Close,  shut,  engulf. 

Yearly.  Annual,  happening 
each  year,  per  annum,  every 
year,  year  by  year. 

ANT.      Perennial,     everlast- 
ing, evergreen. 

Yearn.  Long,  desire,  be  eager, 
covet,  crave,  hanker. 

ANT.     Loathe,  revolt,  recoil, 
shudder  at,  despise. 

Yell,  v.  Cry  out,  shriek,  scream, 
holler. 

ANT.     Keep  silence,  subdue, 
silence. 

Yet.  Besides,  nevertheless,  not- 
withstanding, however,  still, 
eventually,  ultimately,  at  last, 
BO  far,  thus  far,  hitherto,  at 
present;  over  and  above;  fur- 
ther; now. 

Yield.  Furnish,  produce,  afford, 
bear,  render;  relinquish,  give 
in,  let  go,  forego;  accede,  ac- 
quiesce; resign,  surrender,  con- 
cede, allow,  grant,  submit,  suc- 
cumb; comply,  consent,  agree. 
ANT.  Withdraw,  withhold, 
retain,  deny,  refuse,  vindicate, 
assert,  claim,  disallow,  appro- 
priate, resist,  dissent,  protest, 
struggle,  strive. 

Yielding.  Conceding,  produc- 
ing, surrendering,  supple,  pli- 
ant, submissive,  unresisting, 


obsequious,   attentive,    flexible, 
compliant,  accommodating. 

ANT.  Defiant,  resisting,  ob- 
stinate, firm,  stiff,  hard,  per- 
verse. 

Yoke,  n.  Bond,  chain,  link,  tie; 
servitude,  bondage,  vassalage, 
service,  thraldom,  subjection, 
subservience. 

ANT.  Freedom,  liberty;  au- 
thority, command. 

Yoke,  v.     Couple,  conjoin,  con- 
nect, link;  enslave,  subjugate. 
ANT.     Dissever,  divorce,  dis- 
connect, liberate,  release,  man- 
umit, enfranchise. 

Young.  Juvenile,  immature ;  in- 
experienced, innocent,  igno- 
rant; youthful,  boyish,  girlish, 
childlike. 

ANT.     Old,   mature,   adult; 
experienced,    knowing;    senile, 
aged,   decrepit,  venerable;  an- 
.  tique,  antiquated,  obsolete;  su- 
perannuated. 

Youth.  Adolescence,  childhood, 
infancy ;  youthf  ulness,  juve- 
nility;  minority;  lad,  boy,  girl, 
youngster. 

ANT.  Age,  senility,  maturity. 

Youthful.  Puerile,  juvenile,  im- 
mature, young,  fresh,  vigorous, 
unripe,  callow,  childish,  boyish, 
childlike,  girlish,  adolescent. 

ANT.  Mature,  adult,  full- 
grown,  ripe,  ripened. 


Zeal.  Ardor,  eagerness,  earnest- 
ness, fervor,  enthusiasm,  en- 
ergy, feeling,  devotion,  inten- 
sity, passion,  spirit. 

ANT.     Apathy,   indifference, 
coldness,  carelessness,  sluggish- 


ness, torpor. 


Zealot.  Partisan,  bigot,  enthusi- 
ast, fanatic,  devotee,  visionary, 
dreamer. 

ANT.     Renegade,  traitor,  de- 
serter; lukewarm  person. 

Zealous.  Ardent,  anxious,  ear- 
nest, enthusiastic,  fervid,  eager, 


[  291  ] 


sen] 


SYNONYMS   AND   ANTONYMS 


[zon 


steadfast,  keen,  fervent,  de- 
voted, prompt,  ready,  fiery,  pas- 
sionate. 

ANT.  Lukewarm,  indiffer* 
ent,  cold,  apathetic,  passion- 
less, phlegmatic. 

Zenith.  Height,  pinnacle,  acme, 
summit,  culmination,  maxi- 
mum, apex,  top. 

ANT.      Nadir,    lowest   point, 
depth,  minimum. 
Eephyr.       West    wind,     breeze, 
gentle  wind. 

ANT.    Gate,  furious  wind. 


Zero.     Naught,  cipher,  nothing. 
ANT.     Something,  existence, 
creation;  infinity. 
Zest.    Flavor,  appetizer,  pleasure, 
gusto,  gust,  enjoyment,  relish, 
sharpener,  enhancement,  savor, 
taste,  smack,  sauce,  appetite. 

ANT.       Distaste,     disrelish, 
detriment. 

Zone.      Girdle,  belt,  girth,  cinc- 
ture,   band,     baldric;     region, 
climate,  clime;  circuit,  circum- 
ference; zodiac;  orbit. 
ANT.    Sphere,  universe. 


12*2  J 


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