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UBRARY 

UNIVERSITY  OF 
CALIFORNIA 


BOHN'S  REFERENCE  LIBRARY. 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS. 


GEORGE  BELL  &  SONS 

LONDON  :  YORK  ST.  COVENT  GARDEN 
AND  NEW  YORK  :  66  FIFTH  AVENUE 
CAMBRIDGE  :    DEIGHTON     BELL   &   CO. 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS 


KINDRED   WORDS   AND   THEIR   OPPOSITES. 


COLLFXTED    AND    CONTRASTED 

BY 

THE    VENERABLE    C.    J.    SMITH,    M.A.^ 

LATE   ARI.HUEACON   OF  JAMAICA,    VICAR   OF   ERITH,    KENT. 


REVISED    EDITION. 


LONDON 

GEORGE     BELL    &     SONS 

1895. 


Eeprinted  from  Stereotype  plates. 


X 


so 

PREFACE.,  .    '         1 


Tek  nature  and  use  of  this  work  are  meant  to  be  rather  practical 
than  scientific. 

The  Author  has  accordingly  not  propounded  any  theory  ot 
verbal  analogy  on  the  one  hand,  or  verbal  opposition  on  the 
other,  as  the  basis  of  his  Synonyms  and  Antonyms ;  though  he 
believes  that  the  time  has  arrived  when  both  ought  to  be  sup- 
plied, and  the  co-ordination  and  opposition  of  words  reduced  to 
strict  exactness  and  scientific  rule,  beyond  what  has  hitherto 
been  indirectly  recognized  by  Logic. 

Words  which  agree  in  expressing  one  or  more  characteristic 
ideas  in  common  he  has  regarded  as  Synonyms,  those  which 
negative  one  or  more  such  ideas  he  has  called  Antonyms. 

Principles  or  Degrees  of  Similarity,  and  Principles  or  Degrees 
of  Opposition,  have  not  been  laid  down,  though  they  have  been 
recognized  in  his  own  mind.  He  has  rather  endeavoured  to 
place  himself  in  the  position,  alternately,  of  two  opposed  thinkers, 
or  debaters,  so  furnishing  each  with  a  short  catena  of  Synonyms 
to  express  or  aid  the  current  of  his  thoughts,  tendering  at  the 
same  time  to  each  such  negatives  as  might  be  employed  in  the 
opposite  argument.  The  etymology  of  the  words  has  been  pre- 
fixed, as  aiding  ordinary  readers  in  the  apprehension  and  use  of 
them,  and  prominent  points  of  usage  have  been  also  noticed. 
One  word  of  apology  he  feels  to  be  duo  for  the  employment 
of  a  word  wliich  he  has  ventured,  not  to  coin  but  to  re-issue. 

The  word  Antonym,  unlike  some  others  which  have  been 
admitted  into  English  on  the  plea  of  a  practical  want,  is  at  least 
coiTectly  formed  from  the  Greek,  and  is,  indeed,  a  Greek  word. 

If  it  should  be  said  that,  as  a  word  of  grammar,  it  would  have 
the  meaning  of  pronoun,  the  answer  might  be  that  it  is  net  here 

016 


vi  Preface. 

used  as  a  grammatical  term.  The  names  of  the  grammaticd 
parts  of  speech  have  been  already  made  current  in  English 
imder  Latin  stamps ;  and  it  would  be  a  waste  of  the  resources 
of  our  language  to  employ  a  word  of  Greek  formation  to  express 
over  again  what  is  already  expressed  by  the  Latin  derivativo 
"  pronoun."     Yet  the  word  Antonym  seems  to  be  wanted. 

The  Etymology  of  the  word  atrwi'v/ita  merely  expresses  the  idea 
of  one  word  used  in  substitution  for,  which  in  matters  of  verbal 
debate,  is  equivalent  practically  to  oj'j'ositiou  to  another;  a  double 
force  which  in  addition  to  its  analogy  to  Synonym,  seemed  to 
render  Antonym  a  preferable  word  to  Coimterterm.  The  word 
■Counterterm,  however,  is  here  suggested  to  those  who  may 
prefer  it. 

It  is  of  course  true  that  ouofia,  in  its  strictly  grammatical 
sense  means  not  a  word,  but  a  noun ;  but  for  this  modification 
those  are  responsible  who  have  employed  the  earUer  word 
Synonym  in  this  loose  acceptation,  and  have  agreed  to  call  not 
only  volume  and  book,  but  also  swift  and  rapid.  Synonyms. 

The  cross-references  sometimes  connect  different  parts  of 
speech.  This  has  been  done  in  order  to  abridge  the  work,  on 
the  assumption  that  inflexional  derivatives  needed  not  in  all 
cases  to  be  repeated.  For  instance,  a  reference  to  the  verbs 
"  build  "  and  "  construct "  would  be  sufficient,  without  any  mental 
effort,  to  suggest  the  nouns  "  building  "  and  "  construction." 

In  the  Etymology  the  derivation  of  the  word  is  often  pur- 
posely indicated  rather  than  traced.  So  the  Enghsh  Answer,  for 
instance,  is  simply  collated  with  the  German  Antwort,  and  the 
Latin  roots  are  given  as  common  to  the  English  form,  and  the 
French  form,  from  which  the  English  is  immediately  derived. 

In  conclusion,  jjhrases  have  been  avoided,  as  they  are  easily 
framed :  but  a  harder  task  has  been  proposed— that  of  noting 
suitable  and  expressive  words;  while  the  form  of  a  Dictionary 
has  been  adopted,  from  finding  that  the  abstract  classifications 
of  words,  under  certain  broad  ideas,  according  to  the  plan  of 
Dr.  Eoget,  seems  invalidated  by  the  necessity,  in  his  well-known 
Thesaurus,  of  numberless  cross-divisions,  and  is  practically  ilLs- 
rcgarded  in  favour  )f  the  Alphabetical  Index. 


SYNONYMS  AND  ANTONYMS. 


A. 


Aback.  Sax.  a,  for  on  or  in, 
and  ha  c,  had'.  Toward  tl  ic  back. 
An  adverb,  but  used  as  a  pre- 
position when  followed  by  of. 

Syn.  Backwards.  Kearwards.  Aft.  Abaft. 
Asiein.    Behind.  ,,      ,     . 

Ant.  Onwards.  Forwards.  Ahead.  A- 
front.    Before.    Beyond.    Afore. 

Abaft.  See  Aback.  Dcr.  Ah, 
for  Sax.  a  before  a  vowel,  and 
a-ff,  after,  after,  i.  e.,  later  in  time 
or  order. 

Abalienate,  v.  t.  See  Alienate. 

Abandon,  v.  t.  Lat.  a,  from, 
and  hannum,  or  handum,  a  pro- 
clamation, especially  of  ouflawry, 
Comp.  Ban,  Banns,  and  Banish. 
Its  primary  meaning  is  to  place 
beyond  the  bounds  of  civil  pro- 
tection and  privileges,  thende  of 
favoiu*  or  protection  generally; 
thence  again,  it  has  descended 
to  the  simple  sense  of  leaving, 
the  act  surviving,  and  the  mo- 
tive being  lost  sight  of. 

S™.  Leave.  Forsake.  Desert  Re- 
nounce. Relinquish.  Resign.  Quit.  Forego. 
Vacate.    Surrender.    Abjure.    Repudiate. 

Ant.  Pursue.  Prosecute.  Unrierlake. 
Seek.  Court.  Cherish.  Favour.  Protect. 
(Jlaim.  Maintain.  Defend.  Advocate, 
dupnort.  Uphold.  Occupy.  Haunt.  Re- 
tain".   Hold.    Assert.    Vindicate.    Keep. 

Abandoned,  adj.  See  Aban- 
don, is  used  in  the  pecuhar  sense 
of  self-abandoned  to  wrong  or 

si-N.  Profligate.  Wicked.  Vicious.  Un- 
principled Sinful.  Graceless.  Demoralized. 
Disiulute.   Depraved.    LicentiouB.    Bad. 


Ant.  Virtuous.  Conscior.tious.  Up- 
riglit.  Worthy.  Righteous.  Correct.  High- 
principled.    Self-controlled.    Steady.    Good. 


Abase,  v.  t.  A,  to,  and  Gr. 
^aa-is,  that  on  ivliich  anythin;/ 
^aivei  '/oe.s.  To  bring  to  the 
pedestal  or  floor.  To  bring  down, 
as  worthy  of  disgrace. 

Syn.  Degrade.  Disgrace.  Humiliate. 
Depress.     Lower.     Dishonour.     Sink. 

Ant.  Promote.  E.xalt.  Honour.  Ele- 
vate.   Dignify.    Aggrandise.    Raise. 

Abasement,  «.     See  Abase. 

Syn.  Degradation.  Depression.  Disgrace. 
Humiliation.    Dishonour.    Shame. 

Ant.  Promotion.  Elevation.  Exalta- 
tion.    Honour.    Dignity.    Aggrandisement. 

Abash,  v.  t.  Etymologically 
the  same  word  as  Abase,  imply- 
ing the  effect  of  abasement  on 
the  feelings,  countenance,  or  de- 
meanour, and  therefore  of  a  less 
serious  cast.  Persons  may  be 
abashed  with  or  without  guilt- 
as  by  the  exposure  of  an  offenc*^ 
in  the  one  case,  or  excessive  mo- 
desty in  the  other. 

Syn.  Confnuiid.  Confuse.  Daunt.  Co^v 
Disconcert.  Dishearten.  Shame.  Humiliate 

Ant.  Countenance.  Cheer.  Encourage 
Rally.  Uphold.  Inspirit.  Animate.  Km 
bolden.    Abet.    Buoy.    Incite. 

Abashed,  part.    See  Abash. 

Abate,  v.  t.  Fr.  Ahaftre,  i<^ 
hmt  down,— in  Old  English,  with 
violence;  in  Modern  English, 
without  violence.  It  is  used 
more  commonly  as  an  intransi- 
tive verb,  and  as  transitive  only 
in  a  few  expressions  of  a  legal 
I  character,  as  to  abate  a  nui.sancc. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms 


or  a  writ.  It  is  common,  how- 
ever, to  say,  to  abate  a  demand, 
or  an  expectation. 

Srx.  Terminate.  Remove.  Suppress. 
Lower.  Reduce.  Mitigate.  Morferale. 
Lessen.    Subside.    Decrease.    Diminish. 

Ant.  Prolong.  Continue.  Revive.  De- 
velope.  Increase.  Aggravate.  Brew. 
Ferment.  Rage.  Magnify.  Extend.  En- 
large.   Amplify.    Raise.     Enhance. 

Abbre\t:ate,  v.  U  Lat.  Ad, 
and  hrevis,  short.  See  Abridge. 

Stk.  Shorten.  Abridge,  Reduce.  Con- 
tract. CurUil.  Epitomize.  Condense.  Com- 
press. 

Ajrr.  Lengthen.  Prolong.  Extend.  Pro- 
duce. Elongate.  Amplify.  Enlarge.  Di- 
late.   Expand. 

Abbreviation.  See  Abbre- 
viate. 

Stn.  Abridgment.  Reduction.  Con- 
traction. Curtailment.  Epitome.  Sum- 
mary. Abstract.  Condensation.  Compres- 
sion. 

Ant.  Elongation.  Prolongation.  Ex- 
tension. Production.  Amplification.  En- 
largement. ISxpansion.  Dilatation.  Ex- 
patiation.    Explication.    Dilution. 

Abderite,  ?<oi/?2  and  r/f/y.  From 
Abdera,  a  city  of  Thrace,  the 
birthplace  of  the  laughing  philo- 
sopher, Democritus.  The  word 
expresses  a  levity  of  regard  to- 
ward human  life  and  troubles. 

SvN.  to  adj.  Cynic.  Sardonic.  Derisive. 
Sarcastic.  Jocular.  Flippant.  Sportive. 
Sprightful.    Nonchalant.    Buoyant 

Ani.  Lachrymose.  Querimonious.  Plain- 
tive. Maundering.  Dolesome.  Lacka- 
daisical. Grumbling.  Croaking.  Lugubrious. 

Abdicate,  v.  t.  Lat.  ahdicare. 
To  declare  a  thing  resigned  by 
one's  self,  implying  voluntary 
surrender  or  resignation  of  high 
office  before  the  natural  term  of 
its  expiration. 

Syn.  Abandon.  Relinquish,  Resign. 
Surrender.    Vacate. 

Ant.  Retain.  Maintain.  Claim.  Occupy. 
Assert.    Grasp.    Seize.    Usurp. 

Abduction,  n.  Lat.  ah,  from, 
and  (Ulcere,  to  draw,  or  take.  A 
taMng  or  drawing  away,  and 
specilicaUy  an  tmlawful  taking. 


Stn.  Abstraction  Subtiacticn.  l>tpiS 
vation.  Ablation.  Seizure.  Rape.  Ap- 
propriation. 

Ant.  Addition.  Adduction.  Restitu- 
tion. Restoration.  Surrender.  Replace- 
ment.   Reinstatement. 

Aberrant,  adj.  Lat.  ahrrun  . 
Wandering  from  some  line  of 
natui-al,  mechanical,  or  proposal 
law  or  movement.  IMetaphori- 
cally,  from  continuity  of  thought ; 
hence,  where  this  is  constitu- 
tional, insane. 

SvN.  Erratic.  Devious.  Divergent.  In- 
cou'inuous.  Desultory.  Disconnected. 
AVandering.  Idiotic.  Inconsistent.  Incon- 
secutive.    Abnormal     Exceptional. 

Ant.  Continuous.  Rectilineal.  Con- 
sistent. Uniform.  Consecutive.  Normal. 
Natural.    Faithful.    True.    Regular. 

Aberration,  «.   See  Aberrant. 

SrN.  Wandering.  Deviation.  Divergence. 
Desultoriness.  Disconnectedness.  Incon- 
secutiveness.  Rambling.  Idiocy.  Hallu- 
cination.   Abnormity.    Exception. 

Ant.  Uniformity.  Coniinuity.  Conse- 
cntiveness.  Connectedness.  Law.  Order. 
Type.  Norm.  Principle.  Project.  Line. 
Tenor.  Progression.  Regularity.  Recti- 
linearity. 

Abet,  v.  t.  Der.  uncert.  Either 
connected  with  better,  to  make 
better  or  stronger  by  aid  and 
countenance,  or  with  bait  to  lure 
on  into  wi-ong.  The  former  is 
the  more  probable,  because  of 
old  the  word  was  employed  in  a 
favourable  sense.  It  is  now 
used  of  persons  and  practices. 

Stn.  Aid.  Support.  Countenance.  Up- 
hold. Assist  Instigate.  Encourage.  Ad 
vocate.    Sanction.    Subsidize.     Embolden. 

Ant.  Thwart.  Contradict.  Oppose. 
Obstruct  Riffle.  Confound.  Discotiragc. 
Disapprove.  Disconcert.  Counteract.  Deter. 
Dissuade.  Frustrate.  Impede.  Denounce. 
Exjiosc.  N.B.— Bet  was  a  cry  to  dogs. 

Abettor,  n .    See  Abet. 

Syn.  Supporter.  Instigator.  Advocate. 
Promoter.  Assistant  Accomplice.  Ally. 
Adviser.    Confederate, 

Ant.  Opponent.  Counteracter.  Fof 
Adversary.  Detector.  Baftler.  Disconcerter. 
Dissuader.    Rival.    Antigonist. 

Abeyance,  n.  Fr.  hayer,togapc. 
Compai-e  to  bay  as  a  dog,  or  fi 


S>j7ioni/tns  and  Anionyim. 


3 


wild  beast  at  bay.  Abeyance  is 
a  slcite  of  gaping  expectation; 
but  the  term  has  boon  traus- 
Ibi-red  reflexively  from  the  per- 
son waiting  to  the  thing  waited 
ibr.  Abeyance,  according  to 
usage,  is  suspension,  with  the 
expectation  or  possibility  of  j-e- 
vival. 

Syn.  Suspension.  Reservation.  Uor- 
tiiancy.     Intermission.     Expectiition. 

Ant.  Revival.  Renewal.  Resuscitation. 
Action.  Enjoyment,  Possession.  Opera- 
tion.   Exercise.    Force. 

A  BHOR,  v.tr.  Lat.  ah,  from,  and 
horrere,  to  stand  stiff  luith  drvnd 
vr  horror.  Abhorrence  is  that 
kind  of  hatred  which  flows  from 
intense  uncongeniality  with  one's 
o\m  nature,  taste,  principles,  or 
preferences. 

SvN.  Hate.  Loathe.  Abominate.  Do- 
te.st.    Nauseate.    Escbew. 

Ant.  Love.  Admire.  Enjoy.  Affect. 
Desire.    Approve.    Relish.    Covet.    Crave. 

Abide,  v.  int.  Saxon,  lldim, 
implies  the  continuous  or  more 
than  momentary  staying  in  a 
place,  as  a  temporary  or  per- 
manent home.  It  is  also  used 
transitively  in  reference  to  what 
is  endured  or  expected. 

Syk.  Dwell.  Stay.  Rest.  Tarry.  Lodfje. 
Reside  Live.  Wait.  Sojourn.  K.xpect. 
Endure.  Tolerate.  Anticipate.  Cunlront. 
Await.    Bear.    Face.    AVatch. 

Ant.  Depart.  Migrate.  Move.  .Journey. 
Proceed.  Resist.  Mislike.  Avoid.  Shun. 
Forfend.    Reject.    Abandon.    Forfeit. 

Ability,  n.  Lat.  habco,  habiUs. 
A  natural  possessiveness  of 
power,  faculties,  or  resources  in 
one's  own  nature.  Used  also  in 
the  simple  sense  of  power,  or  the 
being  in  a  position  to  do  a  thing. 

Si-N.  Power.  Cleverness.  Skill.  Capa- 
city.    Talent.     Expertness. 

Ant.  Weakness.  Incapacity.  Inability. 
Imbecility.    Unreadiness.    Maladroitiiess. 

Abject,  adj.  Lat.  abjictre, 
ftbjectiis.    To  cast  off  or  away 


worthy  of  being  so  cast  off;  vile, 
or  with  no  sense  of  independ- 
ence, servile,  mean  in  state. 

Sv.v.  Degraded.  0ulca.<.  Miserable. 
Vile.  Piliable.  Worthless  Desiiicjible, 
Contemptible.  Beggirly.  .STvile.  Cring. 
ing.     \Vretclii'd.     Sonliil.     .Siiualid.     Low. 

Am.  Honourable.  DigniSLd.  Exalteil. 
Eminent.  Esteemed.  Honoured.  Wortliy. 
Venerable.  Noble.  Princely.  Illustrio.i.-. 
Independent.  Self-assertive.  Selt-reiianL 
Vain.    Arrogant.    Insolent.    Haughty. 

Abjure,  v.  tr.  Lat.  ahjnrare. 
To  put  away,  or  deny  with  an 
oath,  or  with  all  the  earnestness 
or  solemnity  of  an  oath. 

Syn.  Renounce.  Discard.  Disclaim. 
Disown.     Disavow.     Repudiate. 

Ant.  Profess.  Assert.  Demand.  Claim. 
^'inllicate.  Cheri.sh.  Advocate.  Acknow- 
ledi-'e.     Appropriate.     Retain,     Hug. 

Ablation.  Lat.  auferre,  abla- 
ti's,  to  take  away.  tSee  Abduc- 
tion. 

Able,  adj.  /See  Ability.  Used 
of  persons  possessmg,  or  things 
indicating,  ability,  as  an  able 
man,  an  able  speech. 

SvN.  Strong.  Powerful.  Skilful.  Clever. 
Talented.  Capable.  Effective.  Telling. 
Masterly.    Nervous.    Vigorous. 

Ant.  Weak.  Inefficient.  UnskilfuL 
Silly.    Stupid.    Incapable.    Ineffective. 

Ablution,  n.  Lat.  abluere,  to 
wash  off. 

Syn.  '  Washing.  Purification.  Cleansing. 
Abstersion.     Defecation. 

Ant.  Pollution.  Soilure.  Defilement. 
Dirt.    Contamination.    Taint.    Stain. 

Abnegation,  n.  Lat.  abnct/arc, 
to  deny  strongly.  It  is  applied 
rather  to  rights  and  objects  of 
desire  than  to  statements,  as  the 
abnegation  of  self  or  evil  desires. 

Syn.  Denial.  Renunciation.  Abjuration. 
Abstinence.     Stint.    Disallowance. 

Ant.  Assertion.  Vindication.  Claim. 
Indulgence.    Concession.    Licence. 

Abnormal,  adj.  Ab  and  norma, 
a  type,  lain,  or  nde. 

SvK.  Irregular.  Unusual.  Exceptional 
Monstrous.  Abenant.  Devious.  Di- 
vergeat.    Eccentric.    Erratic. 

Ant.  Typical.  Nonnal.  Regular.   Usual. 


Socially    cast    off,   degraded,    or  i  ordinary.  Natural.  Customary.  lUuslrativa 

B   2 


St/7iomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Ad.ard,  oiv 
boaj'd  ship. 

Six.  Aftoat. 
ANT.  Ashoie. 

Abode,  n.     See  Abide. 

.Svx.  Home.  Stay.  Residence.  Domicile. 
Habiuuion.  Berth.  With  the  idea  of  per- 
manence. 

Ant.  With  the  idea  of  transience.  Halt. 
Perch.    Tent.    Bivouac.    Caravansary. 

Abolish,  v.  t.  Der.  Fr.  aholir, 
or  Lat.  aholcsctre,  to  groiu  out,  or 
ifie  _  out ;  the  verb  in  English 
having  taken  the  transitive  sense 
of  destroy. 

SvK.  Destroy.  Eradicate.  Obliterate. 
K-xtirpate.  Abrogate.  Annul.  Repeal. 
Revoke.    Cancel.    Annihilate.    Expunge, 

Akt.  Support.  Sustain.  Cherish.  I'ro- 
mote.  Continue.  Confirm.  Restore.  Re- 
pair. Revive.  Reinstate.  Enact.  Re-enact, 
Institute. 

Abominable,  adj.  Ab  and 
omi-u.  To  be  rejected  as  a  foul 
thing  of  evil  omen. 

SvN.  K.ail.  Detestable.  Hateful.  Hor- 
rible.  Ivoiuhsome.  Execrable.  Nauseous, 
impure. 

-VxT.  Delectable.  Desirable.  Admirable. 
Enjoyable.  Loveable.  Charming.  De- 
lightful.   Grateful.    Pure. 

Abominate,  v.  tr.  See  Abo- 
minable and  Abhor. 

Abomination,  ok  See  Abomin- 
able. Is  used  both  for  the  feel- 
ing and  the  object  of  abomina- 
tion. 

Svx.  Hatred.  Loathing.  Detestation. 
Abhorrence.  Nuisance.  Evil.  Annoy- 
ance.   Curse.    Infliction.    Plague. 

AxT.  Love.  Affection.  Desire.  Long- 
Enioyment.  Acquisition.  Benefit. 
Oratincalion.    'i'reat.    Blessing.    Delight. 

Aboriginal,  ah  origine,  from 
the  first,  or  oriyin. 

Svx.  Prima'val.  Primordial.  Indigen- 
ous.   Autochthonic.    Native.    Immemorial. 

Akt.  Subsequent.  Adventitious.  Im- 
ported. Exotic.  Immigrant.  Recent.  Mo- 
dera.    Ijate.    Upstart.    Novel.    Fresh. 

Abortion,  ??.  Lat.  uhoriri, 
•ihortus.  That  •which  from  the 
beginning  misses  the  purpose  or 
Vaw  of  its  nature  or  birth. 

bix.  Miscurnaiie.     l.iiiurc.      Misadveu- 


Nautical — on  '  tu^.    Downfall.    Mishap.     Defeat      ^Vn* 
tration.    Misproduction.     Blunder.    Mets. 
Ant.  Success.    Consummation.    Comple- 
tion.   Achievement.     ReaIiz;ition.     Perfec- 
tion.   Exploit.    Feat.    Development. 

Abound,  v.  int.  Lat.  abundare, 
unda,  a  wave. 

Svx.  stream.  Flow.  Swell.  Increase. 
Overflow.  Superabouud.  Teem.  Swarm. 
Luxuriate.  F'lourish.  Wanton.  Revel. 
Multiply. 

Ant.  Fail.  Waste.  Dry.  Lack.  Ev.i- 
porate.  AVane.  Drain.  Die.  Decay.  Vanish. 
Lessen.    Decrease. 

About,  prep,  and  adv.,  the 
latter  more  correctly  Abouts.  On 
or  near  the  outside  or  bmits  of 
a  thing;  and  so  approximating 
rather  than  exact.  a.s.  abutan. 

Syx.  Near.  Nearly.  Touching.  Con- 
ceminsr.  Surrounding.  Approximately. 
Roughly.    Generally. 

AxT.  Afar.  Away.  Away  or  afar  from. 
Precisely.    Exactly. 

Above,  ^jj-ep.  and  adv.  On  the 
over  or  upper  side.  Metaphori- 
cally, in  excess  of,  or  superior 
to. 

Stx.  Over.    Beyond.    Exceeding. 
Ant.  Below.    Within.    Beneath. 

Abke.^st,  adv.  At  the  breast. 
Used  with  the  prep,  of,  nautical. 

Svx.  Beside.    Alongside. 
Axt.  Ahead.     Asiern. 

Abridge,  v.  tr.  See  Abbre- 
viate. It  is  the  same  word  as 
Abbreviate ;  but,  instead  of  com- 
ing directly  from  the  Latin,  has 
come  to  us  through  the  French 
abreger. 

Abridgement,?;.  /S'<'e  Abridge. 
In  addition  to  the  sense  of  abbre- 
viation generally,  it  has  tlie  tech- 
nical meaning  of  a  literary  ab- 
breviation in  particular. 

Srx.  Abstract.  Synopsis.  Epitome. 
Compendium.    Analysis. 

Ant.  The  opposite  process,  or  its  result 
Amplification.  Expatiation.  Di^q^i^ition 
Expansion.  Dilution.  Comment.  Annota- 
tion.   ExpoiJition.    Paraphrase. 

Abroach,  adv.  A  for  at,  or, 
relatively,  to,  and  broccus,  a  i>e'j 


Su7iOiii/ms  and  Antonijhis. 


(»'  spi'jvf.  Used  metaphorically 
of  that  which  has  escaped  where 
it  ought  to  have  been  confined. 

Stn.  Aflow.    Afloat.   Abroad.    Revealed. 
Ant.  Close.    Fast.    Tight.    Secret.    Ke- 
eerved. 

Abroad,  adv.  On  the  broad. 
Used  sometimes  metaphorically 
of  state  of  mind. 

SvN.  Far.  Away.  Apart.  Aloof.  Adrift. 
About.    ])ispersed.    Distracted.    Confused. 

Ant.  Near.  Close.  Housed.  Fast.  Col- 
lected. 

Abrogate,  v.  tr.  As  rogare 
was  to  ask  the  sanction  of  the 
citizens  of  ancient  Eonie  to  the 
jiassing  of  a  law,  so  the  contrary 
process  was  expressed  by  oh- 
logare. 

Syn.  Cancel.  Abolish.  Annul.  Repeal. 
E.Kpunge. 

Akt.  Enact.  Re-enact.  Confirm.  En- 
force.   Continue.    Revive. 

Abrogation,  n.  See  Abrogate. 

SvN.  Abolition.  Repeal.  Discontinuance. 
I)is-establishment. 

Ant.  institution.  Establishment.  En- 
actment. Confinnation.  Continuance.  Sanc- 
tion. 

Abrupt,  adj.  Lat.  ahrumpere, 
<(hru2)tus.  To  break  off,  either 
physically,  as  an  abrupt  preci- 
pice, or  metaphorically,  as  an 
abrupt  departure. 

Stn.  Sudden.  Steep.  Precipitous.  Curt. 
Blunt.    Unceremonious.    Rugged.    Rough. 

Ant.  Undulating.  Easy.  Smooth.  Glid- 
ing.   Blending.    Courteous.    Polished. 

Abscond,  v.  int.  Lat.  ahs  and 
condevf,  to  hide.  The  term  is 
borrowed  from  the  habits  of 
.some  animals,  and  is  commonly 
used  to  imply  shame  or  fear  of 
detection. 

SvN.  Decamp.  Disappear.  Bolt.  Hide. 
Withdraw.    Retreat. 

Ant.  Show.    Emerge.    Appear. 

Absence,  v.  Lat.  ahsentia. 
Physically,  the  being  at  a  dis- 
tance from  a  particular  spot,  or, 
njcntally,  inattention  to  a  pro- 
ix)sed    subject    or   transaction. 


Also,  in  the  most  abstract  sense, 
the  non-presence  of  something, 
as  the  absence  of  a  quality  in  a 
disijosition. 

SvN.  Want.  Departure.  Non-exlstencc. 
Failure.  Separation.  Lack.  Non-appear- 
ance,    inattention.    Distraction. 

Ant.  Presence.  Supply.  Existence, 
Appearance.  Manifestation.  Evidence.  Im- 
manence. Inherency.  Attention.  Con- 
sideration. 

Absolute,  adj.  Lat.  ahsolutus, 
part.  pass,  of  uhsohere,  to  loosen . 
The  root  idea  of  the  word  is  thtit 
of  freedom  from  some  bond  or 
control ;  and  the  meaning  of  the 
word  varies  according  to  the  na- 
tiire  of  the  bond  implied,  as  free- 
dom from  defect,  physical  con- 
ditions, stipulations,  ideal  asso- 
ciations, political  restraint,  un- 
certainty, or  doubt. 

SvN.  Perfect.  Complete.  Unconditional. 
Unconditioned.  Irrelative.  Irrespective. 
Supreme.  Despotic.  Autocratic.  Irrespon- 
sible.    Certain. 

Ant.  Imperfect.  Incomplete.  Condi- 
tional. Conditioned.  Contingent.  Relative. 
Dependent.  Constitutional.  Accountable. 
Responsible.    Dubious. 

Absolve,  v.  tr.  Lat.  ahsolvere. 
To  loose  or  acquit  from  the  im- 
jjutation  or  penalty  of  wrong,  or 
from  obligation  implied  or  in- 
curred. 

SrN.  Acquit.  Release.  Liberate.  Ex- 
empt.   Discharge.    Pardon.    Forgive.    Free, 

ANT.  Charge.  Accuse.  Bind.  Compel 
Oblige.  Convict.  Condemn.  Inculpate. 
Impeach. 

Absonant,  adj.  Ah, from,  and 
sonare,  to  sound.  When  the  in- 
tention is  physically  discordant, 
the  form  ado])ted  sliould  be  ab- 
sonous,  alisonant  being  reserved 
for  that  which  is  morally  con- 
trariant. 

SvN.  Dissonant.  Discordant.  Contrari* 
ant.  Repugnant.  Inconsonant.  Inhar« 
monious.  incompatible.  Inappropriate. 
Impertinent. 

Ant.  Consonant.  Agreeable.  Consistent 
Harmonious.  Compatible.  Congruous 
Suit;ible.    Appropriate.    Pertinent.    Proper 


Si/ii07y.T/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Absorb,  v.  tr.  Lat.  libsorherc, 
to  suck  vp.  Used  physically  and 
tnetaphorically,  as,  to  absorb  the 
time  or  attention. 

Sttj.  9.«  allow.  Drown.  Imbibe.  Engross, 
l.iiunlf.    Consume.    Monopolize     Kxbaust. 

AXT.  Kject.  Emit.  Exude.  Disgorge. 
Uis.sipate.    Distract.    Disiil.    Disperse. 

Abstain,  v.  int.  Ahs  and 
l<  iiere.     To  hold  off  from. 

Stn.  Refrain.  Forbear.  Refuse.  Demur. 
.Scruple.    Withliold. 

Ant.  Indulge.   Exceed.   Revel.  Wanton. 

Abstemious,  adj.  Ais  and 
ti'iantum,  strong  mixed  drink. 
Temperate  in  diet  generally. 

Stn.  Abstinent,  Temperate.  Sparing. 
Frugal. 

Ant.  Sensual.  Self-indulgent.  Glutton- 
ous.   Greedy.    Intemperate. 

Absterge,  v.  tr.  Lat.  ahs  and 
lirgere,  to  vnpp. 

Sin.  Wipe.  Cleanse.  Purify.  Spunge. 
.Scour.    Scrub.    Purify. 

Ant.  Foul.  Besp;ittPr.  Contaminate. 
Bedaub.    Soil.    Pollute.    Begrime. 

Abstersive,  adj.  Having  the 
property  of  absterging. 

Syn.  Scouring.  Detergent.  Cathartic. 
Purifying. 

Ant.  Contaminative.  Corruptive.  Of- 
fensive. 

Abstinent,  adj.    See  Abstain. 

Stn.  Continent.  Temperate.  Abstemi- 
ous.   Sober.    Sell-denying.    Austere. 

Ant.  Self-indulgent.  Sensual.  Intem- 
perate. Epicurean.  Dissipated.  Debauched. 
I  iicontinent. 

Abstract,  v.  tr.  Ahstrahere,  to 
draw  or  take  off.  Often  with  the 
idea  of  fitrtiveness. 

SvN.  Separate.  Remove.  Part.  Ap- 
propriate.   Purloin.    Thieve.    Steal. 

Ant.  Add.  Unite.  Conjoin.  Adduce. 
Impoie.    Restore.    Surrender.     Return. 

Abstraction,  v.  See  Abstract. 
Has,  in  addition  to  the  above 
senses  of  Abstract,  the  logical 
sense  of  separating  those  points 
on  which  individuals  differ,  and 
contemplating  those  on  which 
they  agree,  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  a  common  noun  or  cla.ss ; 


also  that  of  mental  absti-action 
from  surrounding  objects. 

Syn.  Separation.  liemoval.  Appropria- 
tion. Purloining.  Generalization.  Classi- 
fication. Reverie.  Absorption.  Absence. 
Inattention. 

Ant.  Addition.  Union.  Conjunction. 
Adduction.  Importation.  Restoration.  Re- 
stitution. Individualization.  Enumeration. 
Analysis.  Specification.  Observation.  At- 
tention. 

Abstracted.  See  Abstract 
and  Abstraction. 

Abstruse,  adj.  Abstrudere.  To 
thrust  away,  as  it  were,  into  the 
dark,  away  from  common  light 
and  understanding. 

Stn.  Hidden.  Recondite.  Curious.  Ol>- 
scure.    Mystical.    Occult.    Hard.    Dark. 

Ant.  Patent.  Popular.  Superficial. 
Simple.  Obvious.  Trite.  Intelligible. 
Plain.    Easy.    Manifest.    Lucid.    Clear. 

Absurd,  adj.  Ab  and  surdus, 
deaf  or  dissonant.  Taken  meta- 
phorically, it  expresses  that 
which  is  out  of  tune  with  truth, 
or  discordant  from  the  proprie- 
ties of  tilings.  It  is  apphed  to 
persons  and  character. 

Syn.  Irrational.  Ridiculous.  ^Monstrous. 
Preposterous.    Silly.    Nonsensical.    Foolish. 

Ant.  .Sensible.  P^ational.  Reasonable. 
Consistent.  Sound.  Substantial.  AVise.  Sa- 
gacious.  Reflective.   Philosophical.   Logical. 

Abundance,  n.  Abundantia. 
IJnda,  a  wave.  A  copious  sup- 
ply- 

Syn.  Plenty.  Copiousness.  Largeness. 
Ampleness.  Profusion.  Luxuriance.  Wealth. 

Ant.  Rarity.  Scarcity.  Paucity.  Scan- 
tiness. Dearth.  Deficiency.  Failure.  Poverty. 

Abundant,  adj.  See  Abund- 
ance. 

Syn.  Plentiful.  Plenteous.  CoplouSw 
Large.  Ample.  Overflowing.  Teeming. 
Plofuse.     Liberal.     Bountiful.     Rich. 

Ant.  Rare.  Scarce.  Scant.  Short.  De- 
ficient. InsufiScient.  Niggardly.  Sparing. 
Dry.    Drained.    Exhausted.    ImpoverishedL 

Abuse,  v.  tr.  To  use  a  person 
or  thing  in  any  mamier  away 
from  the  rule  or  line  of  right.  It 
has  the  restricted  sense  of  verl>aJ 
abuse. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Stn.  Injnre.  -.JMnnge.  Spoil.  Maltreat. 
Misuse.    Misemploy.    Vilify.    Vituperate. 

Ant.  Tend.  Protect.  Conserve.  Re- 
nnet. Regard.  Consider.  Shield.  Cherisb. 
1,111(1.  Praise.  Panegyrize.  Vindicate. 
I  xtol. 

Abut,  v.  int.  Frencli  hont,  end 
or  covfine.  To  project  in  a  solid 
mass  upon  another  object,  or  a 
certain  point  without  actual  con- 
tact. 

SrN.  Extend.  Project.  Impinge.  Ap- 
proximate. 

Ant.  Recurve  Retreat.  Return.  Re- 
cede.   Diverge. 

Abyss,«.  Gr.a,«o<, and/3 vo-o-os, 
depth.     A  bottomless  pit. 

Stn.  Gulf.  Profound.  Deep.  Pit. 
Chasm.    Depth. 

Ant.  Surface.  Depression.  Cavity.  In- 
dentation. 

Academical,  adj.  The  grove 
of  Academus,  the  resort  of  Plato, 
whence  Academy,  as  applied  to 
seats  of  learning. 

Stn.  Collegiate.    Learned.    Classical. 
AjiT.  Illiterate.    UncoUegiate. 

Accede,  v.  int.  Accedere,  to 
come  to.  The  word  is  by  usage 
restricted  to  the  coming  over  to 
a  view  or  a  proposal.  It  is  fol- 
lowed by  the  prep.  to. 

Stn.  Assent.  Comply.  Acquiesce.  Ac- 
cept. 

Akt.  Dissent.  Decline.  Withdraw.  Re- 
fuse.   Protest.    Demur. 

Accession,  has  the  ordinary 
sense  of  an-ival  or  addition,  with 
the  peculiar  sense  of  arrival  at 
power  or  office. 

Stx.  Arrival.  Addition.  Increase.  In- 
flux.    Augmentation. 

Ant.  Departure.  Abandonment.  Re- 
signation. Retirement.  Diminution.  De- 
crease.   Efflux.    Ebb.     Drain.    Subsidence. 

Accelerate,  v.  tr.  Ad  and 
cdtr,  quick.  To  quicken  tlie 
speed  or  process  of  events,  ob- 
jects, or  transactions. 

Stn.  Quicken.  Hasten.  Urge.  Speed. 
Expedite.    Promote,     despatch.    Facilitate. 

Ant.  Delay.  Obstnict.  Impede.  Re- 
ttj-i!.    aog.    Hinder.    Drag.    Sliackle. 


Accent,  n.  Acccviua,  from  a<i 
and  canere,  to  sing.  A  peculiar 
emphasis  or  beat  upon  a  syllable. 
Also  a  peculiar  mode  of  pronun- 
ciation, as  a  provincial  accent. 
Accents  in  the  plui-al  is  a  some- 
what poetical  expression  for 
speech  or  language. 

SvN.  Stress.  Beat.  Rhythm.  Emphasis. 
Pulsation. 

Ant.  Smoothness.  Inacoentuation.  Mono- 
tony.   E<iuablenes9.    Babble.     Flow. 

Accept,  ".  tr.  Accej-.ture,  from 
accipere,  to  take.  The  word  ex- 
presses more  than  receive,  im- 
plying a  reception  with  a  will 
to  receive. 

Stn.  Welcome.  Hail.  Admit.  Recog- 
nise.    Avow.    Aclinow  ledge. 

Ant.  Refiise.  Decline.  Reject.  Disown. 
Disavow.    Ignore.    Repudiate. 

Acceptable,  adj.    See  Accept. 

Stn.  Grateful.  Welcome.  Pleasant. 
Agreeable. 

Ant.  Unerateful.  Unwelcome.  Un- 
pleasant.   Dii^greeable. 

Access,  v.H.  *See  Accede.  Ap- 
proach, or  way  of  approach. 

SvN.  Approach.  Adit.  Entrance.  Ave- 
nue.    Admittance. 

Ant.  Exit.  Egress.  Departure.  Ex- 
clusion.   Repulse. 

Accessible,  adj.  See  Accede. 
Used  of  demeanour. 

SvN.  Affable.  Easy.  Approachable. 
Conversible. 

Ant.  Distant.  Cold.  Difficult  Unap- 
proachable. 

Accessory  or  Accessary,  adj. 
See  Accede. 

Stn.  Additive.  Additional.  Auxiliary. 
Supplementary.    Conducive.    Assistant. 

Ant.  Essential.  Inherent.  Immanent. 
Incorporate.  Superfluou.s.  Irrelevant.  MaU 
apropos.    Obstructive.    Cumbersome. 

Accident,  n.  Accidere,  to  fall 
or  beful.  Used  in  the  technical 
sense  of  that  which  is  attached 
to  a  thing  without  being  essen- 
tial to  it,  in  which  sense  it  i.-? 
nearly  sj-nonymous  with  con- 
dition or  concomitant. 

Stn.  Chance.    Fortuity.   Ct.'v.»Xiy.  Aixi 


Spionyms  and  Antonyms. 


If  of  eV,;,   Disaster.     Calainity.      Jlishap. 
Mi^.idventure. 

Ant.  Law.  Purpose.  Appointment. 
Ordainnient.    Provision.    Preparation. 

Acclamation,  n.  Ad  and 
cJamare,  to  adl  out.  A  calling 
out  in  favour.  Vivid  and  unani- 
mous approval  of  persons  or 
things. 

Syn.  Applause.  Homage.  Gratulatlon. 
Salutation.    Plaudit.     Hosaiinah.    Cheer. 

Ant.  Obloquy.  Censure.  Execration. 
Contumely.  Outcry.  Sibllation.  Denun- 
elation. 

AccLI^^TY,  ??.  AccUvis,  steep. 
The  acclivity  and  the  declivity- 
are  the  same  things  looked  at 
from  different  points  of  view. 

Syn.  Ascent. 

Ant.  Declivity.    Descent. 

Accommodate,  v.  tr.  Con,  to^ 
gether,  and  modtis,  a  limit.  To 
accommodate  is  to  make  the 
limits  of  a  man's  circumstances 
commensurate  with  his  require- 
ments; and  so  to  oblige  in  any 
way,  as  by  money,  shelter,  suffi- 
cient space,  &c.  It  is  also  used 
in  the  rude  sense  of  adapting  one 
thing  to  another. 

Syn.  Convenience.  Oblige.  Adapt. 
Snpply.    Reconcile.    Harmonize.    Fit. 

Ant.  Inconvenience.  Disoblige.  Misfit. 
Ir.'sommode.   Disturb.   Deprive.  Aggravate. 

Accommodating,  adj.  See  Ac- 
commodate. 

Syn.  Ivind.  Oblising.  Unselfish.  Polite. 
Considerate.    Yielding.    Conciliatory. 

Ant.  Disobliging.  Selfish.  Churlish. 
Kude.  Imperious.  Dictatorial.  Incon- 
tidcrate.    Exacting.    Unaccommodating. 

Accompany,  v.  tr.  Der.  un- 
cert.  Either coji  and panis,  bread; 
so  that  a  companion  would  be,  in 
the  first  instance,  a  mess-mate  ; 
or  comj>cu]o-a<jinis,  a  fasteirii);/. 
one  fastened  with  a  tie  of  friend- 
nhip  or  association. 

Syn.  Follow.  Consort.  Attend.  Join. 
Oi-exist.     Escort.    Convoy. 

Ant.  Deseit.  Abandon.  Leave.  Avoid. 
i!i>i:l<ew.    yult.    Dlscara 


Accomplice,  n.  Ad,  con,  p^irn., 
a  fold.  One  who  is  folded  up 
with  another  in  the  circumstancee 
and  responsibilities  of  his  con- 
duct.    See  Abettor. 

Accomplish,  v.  tr.  Ad  and 
complere,  to  fill  up.  To  biing  to 
an  issue  of  full  success.  To  fill 
up  an  act  to  the  measui'e  of  its 
intention. 

Syn.  Execute.  Perform.  Fulfil.  Con- 
summate.    Achieve.     Finish.    Complete. 

Ant.  Fail  of.  Frustrate.  Defeat.  Dis- 
concert.   Destroy.    Bafflfe.    Mar.    SpoiL 

Accord,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ad 
and  cor,  cordis,  tlie  heart.  Has  the 
double  sense  of  agreeing  and 
granting  as  it  were  with  the 
whole  heart. 

Syn.  Agree.  Consent.  Harmonize.  Tally. 
Answer.  Comport.  Consist.  Conform. 
Grant.    Concede.    Allow.    Surrender. 

Ant.  Disagree.  Differ.  Misfit.  Miscom- 
port.  Misconform.  Withhold.  Refuse.  Deny. 

Accost,  v.  tr.  Ad  costam 
venire,  to  come  to  the  side,  for  the 
presumed  pui'pose  of  addressing 
another.  Hence,  to  address  in  a 
friendly  way,  or  otherwise. 

Syn.  Address.  Salute.  Hail.  Greet 
Stop.    Apostrophize. 

Ant.  Shun.  Avoid.  Elude.  Pass.  Ignore. 

Accountable,  adj.  Lat.  com- 
piitare,  to  reckon.  Liable  to  be 
called  to  a  reckoning. 

Syn.  Responsible.  Amenable.  Liable. 
Answerable.  Accredited.  Delegated.  Sub- 
ordinate. 

Ant.  Autocratic.  Independent.  Abso- 
lute.   Supreme.    Irresponsible.    Despotic, 

Accredit,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  cre- 
dilare,  from  credere.  Has  the 
twofold  meaning  of,  1,  to  ])lace 
trust  in,  and,  2,  to  confer  trust 
upon  another,  as,  to  accredit  a 
statement,  and  an  ambassador. 

Syn.  Believe.  Trust.  Entrust,  liil* 
gate.    Depute.    Commission.    Authorize. 

Ant.  Disbelieve.  Distrust.  Suspect 
Recall.    Supersede.    Discard.    Dismiss. 

Accumulate,  v.  tr.  and  ir.t. 
i  Lat.  ad  and  camidus.  a  hmjj. 


Syx.    Collwt.      Grow.      Mass.      Heap. 

W-vip.    Garner.    Gather.    Hoard.    Husband. 
Aiiiment.    Increase.    Amass. 

ANT.  Dissipaie.  Disperse.  Diminish. 
^L■atler.    Expend.    Waste. 

Accuracy,  n.  The  synonyms 
iuay  be  formed  as  nouns  from 
tho  succeeding  word. 

Accurate,  adj.  Ad  and  cura, 
care.  Is  said  of  a  disposition  or 
a  production  -whicli  sliows  an 
«jxact  conformity  to  some  stand- 
ard of  requirement,  the  result  of 
care  and  pains, 

SvN.    Careful, 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonijms.  9 

brought  to  a  head  or  illustrious 
termination.     <b'ee  Abortion. 

AciCULATt,  adj.    Aciis,  ackulus, 
a  needle.    Needle-pointed. 


Exact.     Faithful.    Pre- 
cise.   Correct.    Close.    Truthful.    Strict.  .     . 

Ant.  Careless.     Inexact.     Faulty.     In-    Sell  "nitU  It 
correct.    Inaccurate.    Loose.    Defective, 


Stn.  Spinous.   Prickly.  Thorny.   Sharp« 
pointed.     Bristly.     Sagittate.     Hastate. 
Ant.  Obtuse.    Blunt.    Abrupt.    Bluff. 

Acid,  adj.     Acidus. 
S\-N.  Sharp'.    Acidulous.    Acetose.  Vine, 
garisli. 

Ant.  Mellow.    Luscious.    Mealy.   Rich. 

Acknowledge,  v.  tr.  Agnos- 
cere.  To  make  matter  of  piiblic 
knowledge  in  relation  to  one's 
self,  or  openly  to  identify  one's 


AccuBSE.     See  Curse. 

Accuse,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  causa. 
To  bring  to  a  legal  trial.  To 
charge ;  and,  thence,  to  bring  an 
imputation  generally  against  an- 
other. 

Stn.  Charge.  Incriminate.  Impeach. 
Arraign.    Tax.    Taunt.    Cite.    Summon. 

Ant.  Defend.  Vindicate.  Discharge. 
Acquit.  Absolve.  Condone.  Pardon.  Re- 
lease.   Exonerate. 

Accustom,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  con- 
suetudo,  ivay  of  living. 

Stn.  Habituate.  Inure.  FamUiarize. 
Train.    Reconcile. 

Ant.  Disaccustom.  Dishabituate.  AVean. 
E.straDge.    Alienate. 

Ace,  n.  Lat.  as  assis,  a  pound. 
A  standard  of  unity. 

Syn.  Unit.  Atom.  Point.  Tittle.  Jot. 
Item. 

Ant.  Numbers.  Quantity.  Bulk.  Mass. 
Collection.    Aggregate.    Total.    Sum. 

Acerbity,  n.  Acerbiis,  Jiarsh, 
as  the  flavour  of  unripe  fruit. 
Used  also  metaphorically  of  the 
disposition. 

SvN.  Harshness.  Acridity.  Tartness. 
Sourness.  Roughness.  Acidity.  Bitter- 
ness.   Acrimony. 

jVnt.  Sweetness.  Mildness.  Mellowness. 
Bcftncss.    Gentleness.    Amlnbleness. 

Achievement,  n.  Fv.  achever, 
chef;  Lat.  capid,  a  head.   A  deed 


Stn.  Avow.  Admit.  Recognize.  Own. 
Accept.    Confess.    Profess.     Endorse. 

Ant.  Disavow.  Disclaim.  Disown.  Re- 
pudiate.    Ignore.     Deny. 

Acme,  n.  Gr.  aKjiJ],  a  point,  or 
top. 

Srs'.  Summit.  Apex.  Zenith.  Pitch. 
Culmination.     Mt-ridiun.     Clima.x. 

Ant.  Base.  Floor.  Ground.  Nadir. 
Depth.  Depression.  Foundation,  toot. 
Rout. 

Acquaint,  v.  tr.  Pr.  accointer, 
from  the  Lat.  accognitare,  from 
coqnittis,  to  make  knoivn. 

Syn.  Advertise.  Inform.  Tell.  Teach. 
Noiifv.     Apprize.     Advise. 

Ant.  Misinform.  Deceive.  Delude. 
Mislead.    Misguide.    Hoodwink. 

Acquaintance,  n.  See  Ac- 
quaint. 

Sy-n.  Knowledge.  Familiarity.  E.\peri- 
ence. 

Ant.  Ignorance.  Unfamiliarlty.  Inex- 
perience. It  has  also  the  colloquial  meaning 
of  a  person  with  whom  one  is  acquainted. 

Acquiesce,  v.  int.  Ad  and 
quits,  rest.  To  rest  quiet,  if  not 
contented,  with  arrangements, 
statements,  and  the  like. 

Syn.  Assent.    Repose.    Concur. 
Ant.  Dissent.    Demur.    Object. 

Acquire,  v.  tr.  Acguircre.  To 
procure  generally,  with  an  im- 
Dlied  effort  in  some  degi'ee. 

Stn.  Gain.    Earn.    Procure.    Obtain. 
Ant.  Lose.    Forfeit.    Surrender.    Foro- 
go.    Miss. 


10 


Syncnyms  and  Anionyms. 


Acquirement,  « .    See  Acqtiire. 

Syk.  Knowledge.  Attainment  Accom- 
plishment.    Learning.     Erudition. 

Ant.  Intuition.    Inspiration.    Genius. 

Acquisition,  n.     See  Acquire,  j        i--  -ui 
Beside  the  meaning  of  the  act   ^PPf  ^t  , 
and  process  of  acqtiiring,  it  has 
also  that  of  the  thing  acquired, 
with  an  implied  value  in  it. 

Syn.  Gain.  Boon.  Accession.  Benefit. 
Blessing.    Advantage.    Profit. 

Ant.  Burden.  Infliction.  Loss.  Draw- 
back.    Disadvantage.    Incubus.     Blcmistu 

Acquit,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  quies. 
Comp.  Quit,  to  leave  a  place 
quiet,  and  Quittance,  a  legal  re- 
lease, for  the  quiet  of  the  debtor's 
mind.  (The  word  is  used  in  a 
reflexive  way,  to  acquit  one's 
self,  to  behave.) 

Stn.  Absolve.  Discharge.  Exonerate. 
Exculpate.     Release.     Dismiss.    Liberate. 

Ant.  Charge.  Accuse.  Impeach.  Con- 
strain. Implicate.  Bind.  Compel.  Oblige. 
Condemn.    Sentence. 

Acquittance,  n.    See  Acquit. 

Syn.  Release.    Discharge.    Receipt. 
Ant.  Bond.   Claim.  Charge.    Obligation. 

Acrid,  adj.   Lat.  acer.   Harsh. 

Stn.  Harsh.    Sour. 

Ant.  Mellow.    Sweet.    Luscious. 

Acrimony,  n.  See  Acrid. 
Spoken  of  manners  and  dispo- 
sition. 

Stn.  Sharpness.  Bitterness.  Sourness. 
Jll-feeling.  A.speriiy.  Animosity.    Hostility. 

Ant.  Smoothness.  Courtesy.  Mildness. 
Blandness.  Pleasantness.  Friendship. 
Amiability. 

Across,  adv.  andp^rjp.  Cross- 
wise. 

Syn.  Transversely.  Athwart  Against. 
Transverseness  to  a  line  of  movement  be- 
comes opposition. 

ANt.  Lengthwise.  Along.  Concurrently. 
Parallel. 

Act,  w.  Af/ere,  actum.  A  thing 
done. 

Syn.  Deed,     rerfurmance.    Action 

In  Act,  the  thing  done  is  re- 
giirded  in  its  separation  and 
finality,  action,  to  speak  genc-j 


rally,  being  the  process  of  which  I  Briskness. 


act  is  the  completion.  Its  mul" 
tiplicity  of  bearings  flows  from 
the  simplicity  of  its  meaning,  a 
thing  done,'  which  is  variously 
A.  thing  done  physi- 
cally is  the  .simplest  act;  the 
continuance  or  repetition  of 
physical  acts  makes  physical  ac- 
tion, as,  tlie  '  action  of  a  horse.' 
Acts  of  the  state,  as  such,  are 
laws  ;  hence,  acts  of  parliament. 
The  word  Act  has  certain  tech- 
nical or  local  meanings,  which 
need  only  to  be  mentioned,  such 
as,  a  literary  exercise,  of  univer- 
sities, a  term  of  study.  A  divi- 
sion of  a  play.  Action,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  above,  has  the  sense 
of  a  moral  act,  which  is  made  np 
of  minor  acts  (act  and  operf:tion, 
not  action,  are  used  of  the  mind) 
and  is,  J;ke  mechanical  action, 
made  up  of  minor  movements  or 
acts;  thus,  reconcile  differences 
between  two  friends  is  a  good 
action.  It  is  plain,  however,  that 
it  involves  many  minor  acts  sub- 
ordinate to  the  general  intention. 
The  word  action  has  acquired 
more  than  one  technical  applica- 
tion. Thus,  with  the  mechani- 
cian, action  is  complex  mechani- 
cal movement ;  with  the  lawj^er, 
legal  proceeding;  with  the  sol- 
dier, military  engagement  on  a 
field  of  battle;  while,  with  tlio 
player,  act,  action,  and  actor,  arc; 
theatrical  terms. 

Sin.  to  Action.  Movement  Proceeding. 
Exercise.    Operation.    I'erlormance.    Play. 

Ant.  Inaction.  Rest.  Repose.  Cessa- 
tion. Suspension.  Quiet.  Immobility,  in- 
ertia.   Quiescence. 

Activity,  ».  Is  the  faculty  of, 
and  tendency  to,  action.  "When 
purely  physical  it  is  termed 
Agility. 

Stn.    AgiL-ty.       Quickness.       Entrgy 


Si/nonj/ms  and  Aiiloii'jms. 


n 


Ajtt.  Ltacti/ity.  Slowness.  Awkward- 
B'-ss.  Slotb.  Clumsiness.  Indolence. 
II;.  .iness.    Sluggishness.     Lassitude. 

Active,  adj.    See  above. 

Actual, ad/.  Yv.(tctuel,actunlis. 

Syn.  Developed.  Positive.  Demon- 
^tr.^ble.    Certain.    Real. 

Ant.  Potential.  Undeveloped.  Hypo- 
t'l'^tical.  Suppositious.  Possible.  Virtual. 
'I'lipr,retical.    Fabulous.    Kictitious.    Uiiri-al. 

Actual  implies  the  being 
brought  into  form,  shape,  or 
reality,  as  distinguished  from 
lieing  only  mentally  conceived, 
or  falsely  imagined. 

Actually,  adv.     See  above. 

Actuate,  v.  tr.  Same  root.  To 
induce  to  act. 

Syn.  Urge.  Instigate.  Induce.  Incline. 
Dispose.     Impel.     Incite.     Prompt.     Drive. 

Ant.  Deter.  Discourage.  Retard.  Hin- 
der. Prevent.  Inhibit.  Impede.  Dis- 
suade. 

Acuity,  n.     Aciis,  a  needle. 

Stn.    Pointedness.      Aculeation.      Acu- 


Aculeated,  adj.  Aculeus,  a 
sting. 

Syn.  Armed.  Spinous.  Acuminated. 
Puiiciuous. 

Ant.  Unarmed.  Blunt.  Obtuse.  Point- 
less.   Slingless. 

AciTMEN,  n.    Latin  word. 

Sin.  Point.  Penetrativeness.  Sharpness, 
lijscemroent.    Talent.    Sagacity. 

Art.  Bluntness.  Obtuseness.  Stupidity, 
liebetude.    Dulness.    Indiscernment. 

Acute,  adj.  Acutus.  Same  root. 
Used  literally  and  metaphorically 
both  of  persons  and  of  sensations. 

Syn.  Sharp.  Pointed.  Penetrating.  Sa- 
gacious.    Severe.     Distressing. 

AxT.  Dull.  Blunt.  Obtuse.  Stupid. 
Stolid.    Undiscerning.    Heavy.    Chronic. 

Acutely,  adv.    See  above. 

Adage,  n.  Adigere,  ago,  to 
hring  to  a  head  or  a  point.  A  sen- 
tence or  saying  which  brings  a 
matter  to  a  point,  and  condenses 
it  in  a  telling  form. 

Syn.  Ma.xim.    Proverb.     Dictum. 
AST.  Discourse.      Harangue.      i>isquisi- 
Uon.     Vam. 


Adapt,  Adaptation,  Adapteix 
Adaptai'e,  to  fit,  apttts.  Jit.  To 
make  one  thing  or  idea  fit  to  an- 
other. 

Syn.  v.  Fit.  Atyust.  ,  Accommodate 
Suit.  Conform.  Admeasure.  Haimonizi'. 
Attune. 

n.  Accommoilation.  Adjustment.  Ad- 
measurement.   Conformity.     Coioeidence. 

adj.  Suite).  Fitted.  Adjusted.  Aetoin- 
modated.    Competent.    Convenient. 

Ant.  to  Adapiation.  Inconformitv.  In- 
congruity. Incompatibility.  Disharmony. 
MisHt.    M.iltormation.    Mismeasuremeiit. 

To  Adapt.  Misfit  Misconform.  Mis- 
apply. 

To  Adapted.  Unsuitcd.  Unfitted.  Un- 
qualified.     Unadapted.    Inconvenient. 

Abt),  v.tr.  Addo,  ad  and  dare, 
to  give. 

Syn.  Adduce.    Adjoin.    Annex. 

Ant.  Deduct,  Subtract.  Dissever.  Ab- 
stract. 

Addendum,  ??.  From  addcre. 
Something  to  be  added,  as  ne- 
cessary or  advantageous. 

Syn.  Acquisition,  luiproveraent.  Sup-. 
plement.  Complement.  Desideratum.  Con- 
comitant,    Annexation.    Appendage. 

Ant.  Surplusage.  Detriment.  Deterio- 
ration.    Detraction.     DrawbacV:. 

Addicted,  adj.  Addicere,  to 
enrol  as  a  Jol/oirer. 

Syn.  Given.  Accustomed.  Prone.  In. 
clined.     Disposed.     Habituattd. 

Ant.  Unaddicted.  Unaccustomed.  Dis- 
inclined.    Indisposed.     Averse.     Free. 

Additament,  V.  A  formal  ad- 
dition. From  the  same  root  as 
addendum. 

SvN.  Adjunct.  Annexation.  Supple- 
ment. Addition.  Acquisition.  Increase 
Augmentaiion.    Accession.    SupplemeLt. 

Ant.  Deduction.  Detraction.  Draw- 
back.   Decrement.    Deterioration. 

Addition,  n.     See  above. 

Address,  v.  It.  addrizzare,  ad 
and  dirigere.  To  move  in  the 
straight  line  towards  another. 
To  direct  one's  self,  or  a  state- 
ment, or  salutation,  or  request, 
towards  him. 

Address,  n.  The.  facility  oJ 
employing  means  to  secure  at* 


12 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


leution,  or  to  gain  a  purpose. 
Skill.  It  has  also  the  meaning 
of  the  locality  or  mode  of  com- 
munication connected  with  one; 
so,  synonjTaons  Anth  Eesidence 
or  Direction.  Addresses  in  the 
phiral  means  courtship. 

Stn.  to  n.  Tact.     Manners. 

Ant.  Awkwardness.     Uumannerliness. 

SvN.  to  V.  Accost.  Greet.  Salute.  Ap- 
proach.   Apostrophize.    AppeaL 

AsT.  Sec  Accost. 

Adbttce,  V.  tr.  Ad  ducere,  to 
hring.  To  bring  a  tiling  to  an- 
other as  pertinent,  corroborative, 
or  supplementary  to  it. 

.Srs.  Allege.  Apply.  Introduce.  Pro- 
duce.   Add.    Impurt. 

Akt.  Retract.  Except.  Withdraw.  De- 
duct   Deduce.    Suppress. 

Adept,  n.  and  adj.  From 
adij)isci,  to  find,  part,  adeptas. 
One  ■who,  by  sagacity  or  experi- 
ence, or  both,  has  found  the 
right  way  of  doing  a  thing,  and 
acts  upon  it. 

Stn.  Expert.  Adroit.  Handy.  Master. 
Perlormer.    Professor.    Artist. 

Ant.  Awkward.  Clumsy.  Inexpert. 
Tyro.    Novice.    Lubber.    Blunderer. 

Adequate,  a'ij.  Ad  cequatus, 
cequus,  equal.  Equal  to  any  re- 
quired measui-e,  object,  or  pur- 
pose. 

Stn.  Equal.  Sufficient.  Fit  Satisfac- 
tory.   Full.    Competent.    Able. 

Ant.  Unequal.  JusuflBcient  Incom- 
petent.   Inadequate. 

Adhere,  v.  int.  Ad  liwreo,  I 
stick.  To  remain  ■united  with 
little  external  contrivance;  but 
rather  by  some  peciiliarity  of  the 
substances  adhering.  Used  meta- 
phorically of  union  of  cause  or 
sentiment. 

Svs.  Stick.    Cohere.    Unite.    CUng. 

Adhere  is  better  used  of  one 
Bubstance,  Cohere  of  more  than 
one.  So,  A  adheres  to  B,  but  A 
and  B,  or  A,  B,  and  C  cohere. 

Akt.  Disunite.  Part.  Separate.  Divide, 
fiecfdf.  Sunder.  Sever. 


Adherent,  71.     See  Adhere. 

Syx.  Follower.  Supjiorter.  Ally.  A* 
mirer.    Backer.    Aid.    Partizan. 

Ant.  Opponent.  I)eserter.  Adversary 
Renegade.     Antagonist. 

Adhesive,  adj.     See  Adhere. 

Six.  Sticky.    Viscous.    Glutinous. 
AxT.  Inadhesive. 

Adieu,  znterj.  A  commending 
to  God's  care  on  taking  leave. 

Six.  Good-bye,  which  is  'God  be  with 
ye.'    Farewell.     \'aleiiiction. 

Ant.  Greeting.  Welcome.  Recogni- 
tion.   Salutation. 

Adipose,  ac//.    Adeps,  fat. 

SvN.  Obese.  Corpulent  Oleaginous. 
Sebaceous.    Pinguetudinous. 

Ant.  Leathery.  Skinny.  Bony.  Thi.x 
Anatomical    Mummitied. 

Adit,  n.  Aditus,  adire.  An 
entrance. 

Svx.  Entrance.  Ingress.  Approach. 
Avenue.    Access. 

Ant.  Exit.  Egress.  Mouth.  Debouchure. 
Outlet. 

Adjacent,  adj.  Ad  and  Jaceo, 
I  tie. 

Stn.  Near.    Neighlwuring.    Contiguous. 
Ant.  Remote.    Distant    Separate, 

Adjoin,  v.  tr.  and  intr.  Ad- 
Jungere.  Barely  used  in  the 
transitive  sense,  this  being  re- 
served for  the  uncompounded 
verb,  join.  In  the  intransitive 
sense  it  seems  to  be  used  both  of 
close  proximity  and  actual  con- 
tact. 

Syn.  Annex.  Add.  Connect.  Append. 
Supplement  Attnch.  Unite.  Ivt.  Border. 
Neighbour.  Touch.  Abut  Approximate. 
Verge.    Trench.    Touch. 

Ant.  Disjoin.  Dismember.  Disconnect 
Detach.  Disintegrate.  Disunite.  Int.  Part 
Sei^arale.  Recede.  Return.  Diverge.  Be 
distant.    RemoviKi.    Remote.    Incontiguous. 

Adjourn,  v.  tr.  Ad,  and  dies, 
a  day.  Whence  diurnvs,  daily. 
So,  It.  Giorno,  a  d'ly,  and  in  Eng- 
lisli,  journal,  a  diary,  a  daily 
newspaper.  To  defer  to  a  parti- 
cular day,  or  indefinitely  from 
day  to  day. 


8tu.  i^istpona  Suspend.  Defer.  Tro- 
rogue.    Delay.    Pt  Jtnict. 

Ant.  Expedite.  Despatch.  Urge.  Hasten. 
Conclude.  Complete.  Seal.  Consummate. 
Tormiuate. 

Adjtjdge,  Adjudicate,  y.  tr. 
Adjudicare.  Judex,  a  judge. 
Thougli  they  are  the  same  word, 
■imcler  a  French  and  a  more  dis- 
tinctly Latin  form,  they  are  used 
differently.  To  adjudge  is  to 
award  by  arbitration.  To  adju- 
dicate is  to  exercise  the  office  of 
judge  in  a  case.  To  adjudge  is 
active,  adjudicate  neuter,  except 
in  cases  of  cognate  signification, 
as,  to  adjudicate  a  matter  (of  ad- 
judication). 

Syn,  Award.  Confer.  Assign.  Present. 
Ailiilrate.     Decide. 

Ant.  "Withhold.  Reserve.  Retain.  Re- 
fuse.   Dismiss.    Relegate. 

Adjunct,  n.  Ad  jungere,  ad 
jiindus.  1.  A  thing  added  to  be 
of  use.  2.  A  thing  emphatically 
added,  as  distinguished  from  in- 
herent. 

Stn.  Addition.  Additament.  Attach 
menf.  Appendage.  Appurtenance.  Aux- 
iliary. Aid.  Acquisition.  Advantage. 
Help. 

Ant.  Essence.  Substance.  Body.  Clog. 
Detriment.  Impediment.  Hindrance.  Ob- 
struction.   Detraction.    Drawback. 

Adjure,  v.  tr.  Adjumre,  to 
s'vcar.  To  appeal  to  one,  as  if 
putting  him  upon  his  oath — that 
IS,  in  the  most  solemn  or  impres- 
sive manner;  hence  it  has 
adopted,  in  addition,  the  senses 
of  entreaty  and  command. 

Si->-.  Conjure.  Kntreat.  Enjoin.  Urge. 
Supplicate.    Move.    Beseech.    Command. 

Ant.  Deprecate.  Remonstrate.  Expos- 
-ulatc.  Warn.  Dissuade.  Inhibit,  fto- 
hilMt.    Defy.    Dare. 

Adjust,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  Justus. 
With  the  sense  of  the  French 
juste,  right  in  place  or  arrange- 
ment. 

s™.  Harmonize.  Collocate.  Arrange. 
Localize.  Adapt.  Affix.  Right.  Accom- 
modate.    Reconcile.    Compose. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms.  13 

The  word  is  used  both  of  ar- 
rangement of  things  or  parts, 
inter  se,  and  also  of  the  fitting  of 
one  thing  to  another. 

Ant.  Dislocate.  Disarrange.  Disturb. 
Confound.  Dismember.  Disorder.  Con- 
fuse.   Discompose.    Derange. 

Adjuvant,  adj.    Ad  juvare,  to 

help. 

Sru.  Accessary.-  Auxiliary.  Promotive. 
Productive.  Assistant  Ministrative.  An- 
cillary.   Useful.    Conducive. 


AiiT.  01)structive.  Detractive.  Retard- 
ative.  Preventative.  Counteractive.  Irre- 
levant.   Useless. 

Admeasurement,  w.  Ad  and 
mensura,  measure.  Is  used  in. 
the  sense,  1,  of  measurement; 
and,  2,  of  relative  measurement 
or  adaptation. 

Stn.  Size.  Dimensions.  Adaptation. 
Adjustment. 

Ant.  Misshapement.  Misconfomiity. 
Mistit.    Mismatch.    Mismeasurement. 

Administer,  v.  tr.  Ad  minis- 
frare,  from  manus,  the  hand. 
Comp.  Manage.  To  distribute 
generally,  or  to  give  out ;  or  to 
act  out  the  responsibilities  of 
office  or  government. 

Stn.  Distribute.  Award.  Accord.  Dole. 
Give.  Impart.  Afford.  Discharge.  Dis- 
pense.   Execute.    Perform.    Conduct. 

Ant.  Withdraw.  Withhold.  R«fuse. 
Retain.  Assume.  Resume.  Resign.  Deny. 
Divert.  Appropriate.  Misadminister-  Be- 
tray.   Misconduct.    Mismanage. 

Administration,  n.  See  Admi- 
nister. 

Admire,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  mirari, 
to  wonder^  Had  of  old  the  sense 
of  mere  wonder  ;  but  is  now  re- 
stricted to  that  of  wonder  on  ac- 
count of  beauty  or  excellence.  It 
may  be  of  physical  or  moral 
beauty,  as,  of  a  beautiful  person, 
or  noble  conduct  and  character. 

Syn.  Wonder.  Gaze.  Approve.  A];- 
preciate.  Extol.  Affect.  Adore.  Revcn^ 
Respect. 

Ant.  Abhor.  Ridicule.  Disesteem.  l-x- 
ecrate.  Abominate.  Contemn.  Jlislutu 
Despise.    Slight. 


14 


Sifiioni/iaa  and  Antonyms. 


Admiration,  n.    See  Admire. 

Sys.  Wonder.  Approval.  AppreciaUon. 
Adoration.    Reverence. 

Akt.  Disapproval  Disesteom.  Con- 
niniely.  Opprobrium.  Ridicule.  ContempU 
Dislike. 

Admissible,  a<JJ.  See  Admit. 
Used  of  things  and  persons. 

SrN.  Allowable.  Pennissible.  Probable. 
Reasonable.  Proper.  Just.  Fair.  Right. 
Qualified.  ,,..,.,        t 

Ant.  Unallowable.  Inadmissible.  Im- 
proper. Unrea-sonable.  Absurd.  Prepos- 
terous Monstrous.  Unfair.  Wrong.  Un- 
qualified.   Excluded. 

Admission,  n.  See  Admit. 
Used  of  the  admitting  or  conced- 
ing of  truths  as  just,  fair,  true, 
reasonable,  or  right.  See  Ad- 
mittance. 

Syx.  Concession.  .VUo nance.  Acknow- 
ledgment.    Acceptance. 

AsT.  Denial.  Protestation.  Negation. 
Contradiction.    Rejection. 

Admit.  Ad  and  mlttere,  to 
^■■iid  or  receive.  The  root  idea 
is  that  of  granting  a  place  to 
some  person  or  thing.  So,  first, 
locally,  as,  to  admit  to  a  theatre ; 
then,  slightly  in  advance  of  mere 
locality,  to  admit  to  one's  pre- 
sence or  counsels ;  then,  to  grant 
place  to  things  on  some  moral 
ground,  as  of  necessity,  or  justice, 
or  reasonableness. 

St>'.  Receive.  Pass.  Permit.  Accept 
r.rant.  Concede.  Allow.  Acknowledge. 
Confess. 

Ant.  K.Kclude.  Debar.  Disallow.  R^ 
ject.  Deny.  Discharge.  Dismiss.  I^ei-t. 
Kxtrude.     Repudiate.    Disavow.     Disown. 

Admittance,  n.     See  Admit. 
Used  of  local  or  material  cases.  ^ 
So,  strictly,  we  should  say,  the 
admission  of    an  allegation    as  i 
true,  but,  the  admittance  of  a  | 
stranger  to  an  assembly.  | 

SrN.  Introduction.  Entrance.  Pa.ss.  ^ 
JVfmit.  Passport.  Privilege.  Acceptance,  i 
Welcome.    Reception. 

Ant.  Kxclision.  Denial.  lyection.  Pro- 
bibition.  Bar.  Hindrance.  Rejection.  Re-  j 
pudiatiia.  I 


Admonish,  v.  tr.  Admonere. 
In  Old  English  this  word  had 
the  sense  of  simply  teaching,  in- 
forming, or  instructing ;  after- 
wards of  reteaching  or  remind- 
ing. Its  modern  usage  is  warn- 
ing, because  the  reminding  of 
principles  is  wamiag.  Hence, 
like  admonition,  it  has  generally 
a  prospective  sense,  not  referring 
to  physical  dangers,  but  rather 
to  moral  or  penal  consequences. 
Sometimes,  however,  it  refers  to 
the  deed,  and  is  a  premonitory 
penalty,  equivalent  to  censure. 

SvN.  Remind.  Warn.  Advise.  Fore 
warn.     Dissuade.    Censure.     Rebuke. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Instigate.  Abet.  In- 
cite.    Urge.    Applaud.     Countenance. 

Ado,  w.    From  verb,  to  do. 

S\-N.  Hubbub.  Commotion.  Fuss.  Ex- 
citement. 

Ant.  Calm.  Composure.  Quiet.  Order 
Uness.    Staiduess.    Tranquillity. 

Adopt,  v.  tr.  Ad  optare,  ('■ 
wish  or  choose.  To  take  to  one'.'^ 
self  by  choice  or  approval.  It  is 
ai)plied  to  persons,  principles,  or 
opinions,  courses  of  conduct  and 
association. 

SvN.  Assume.  Select.  Affiliate.  Choose. 
Endorse.    Avow.     Appropriate. 

Ant.  Reject.  Decline.  Repudiate.  Dis- 
avow. Discard.  Renounce.  Abandon. 
Disown.    Disclaim. 

Adobe.  Ad  and  os  oris,  the 
moath.  To  kiss  the  hand  in 
token  of  worship.  Applied  of 
necessity  only  to  persons,  except 
in  the  sense  of  idolatry. 

SvN.    Admire.      Venerate       Reverence. 


Worship.     Idou^c. 

Ant.  Abhor.  Despise.  Disesleera.  Abo* 
minate.     Execrate.    Blaspheme. 

Adoration.    *See  Adore. 

Adorn.     Ad  ornare,  to   hcai'.' 

Ufy. 
'  "SvN.   Beautify.      Decorate.      Embelli&h 
Deck.    Garnish.    Gild.    Enrich. 

Ant.  Mar.  Spoil.  Deform.  Tiffacr. 
DisfiRure.  Impoverish.  Deuutie.  Despoil 
Strip.     Bare.    Dis«mbellish. 


iS>/honi/iiis  and  Anionijins. 


ADRin,  "'/'■.  Drift,  part,,  of 
Drive.  Drifting  loose.  Used 
metaphorically,  as,  '  Ids  senses 
are  gone  adrift.' 

SvN.  Loose.  Afloat.  Agog.  Abroad. 
Abroach.    Distracted.    Disordered. 

Ant.  Fast.  Tight.  Right.  I^slied. 
JIuored.    Secure.    Collected.    Composed. 

Adroit,  adj.  Fr.  droit,  Lat. 
dexter,  the  rvjht  hand. 

Syn.  Handy.  Skilful.  Dexterous.  Ex- 
l)ert 

Ant.  Awkward.  Clumsy.  Unskilful. 
Inexpert.    Lubberly. 

Adscititious,  or  Ascititious, 

adj.  Ad  sciscere,  to  seek  to  know. 
To  go  out  of  one's  way  to  find 
out  and  import.  Applies  to 
matter  added,  with  the  sugges- 
tion of  its  falsity  or  superfluity. 

SvN.  Adventitious.  Superfluous.  Re- 
dundant. Alien.  Artificial  Spurious. 
Smuggled. 

.(Vnt.  Essential.  Necessary.  Veritable. 
Regular.  Ingenerate.  Ingrained.  Con- 
genil;iL  Fundamental.  Genuine.  Inherent. 
Proper. 

Adulation,  rt.  Adidari,  to 
flatter.  Praise,  excessive  in 
quantity,  and  interested  in  ex- 
pression. 

Syn.  Flattery.  Compliment.  Sycophancy. 
Courtship.  Cringing.  Fawning.  Blandish- 
ment.    Incense. 

Ant.  Detraction.  Obloquy.  Defamation. 
Calumny.  Traducement.  Sarcasm.  Ridi- 
cule.   Satire.     Bespatterment. 

Adult,  n.  and  adj.  Adolescere, 
to  gruiu  tip,  adult  us.  A  grown- 
up person. 

Sra.  Man.  Woman.  To  adj.  IMature. 
Ripe.    Full. 

Ant.  Youth.  Stripling.  •  Boy.  Child. 
Infant.    To  adj.  Juvenile.    Immature. 

Adulteratki),  pcmi.  Ad  alte- 
rum,  or  adulari.  Adultery  is  the 
tmlawfol  love  of  some  other 
than  the  wife  or  husband.  Me- 
taphorically, mixed  impurely. 

Syn.  Impure.  Ungenuine.  Spurious. 
Concocted.  Mi.xed.  Falsified.  Deteriorated. 
Garbled. 

Ant.  I'are.     Original.     Genuine.     Un- 

tni.\rd.  Unadulterated.  Undeteriorattd. 
Souiid. 


Adumbration,  p.  Aa  r.r:d 
nndmt,  a  shf/dow.  Also  the  put- 
ting forth  in  shadow,  a  shadow- 
ing forth. 

Syn.  Sliudow.  Foreshad-jwlng.  Pres.ige. 
Prognostic.  Sketch.  Delineation.  Sugges- 
tion.   Hint.     Premonition.    Prototype 

Ant.  Body.  Substance.  Fulfilment. 
Realization.    Substantiation.    Antitype. 

Advance,  v.  tr.  and  -int.  Fr. 
auancer,  avant,  ah  ante.  To  movo 
one's  self,  or  an  object,  or  other 
person  toward  the  van,  or  for- 
wards. Ajiplied  to  moveable  ob- 
jects, persons,  interests,  opinions, 
money. 

Syn.  Propel.  Elevate.  Promote.  Further. 
Lend.  I>ropagate.  Progress.  Increase. 
Prosper.     Rise. 

Ant.  Retard.  Hinder.  Withhold.  With- 
draw. Recall.  Depress.  Degrade.  Sup- 
press.   Oppose.    Retreat.    Decrease. 

Advancement,??.  >See Advance. 

Advantage,  n.    Same  root. 

An  advantage  is  anything,  the 
possession  of  which  secures,  pro- 
motes, or  radicates  success.  It 
is  used  in  the  jjlural  in  no  spe- 
cific reference,  but  broadly,  as, 
the  advantages  of  education. 

Syn.  Gain.  Success.  Superiority.  Help, 
Assistance.     Profit.    Acquisition. 

Ant.  Loss.  Disappointment.  Defeat. 
Frustration.  Inferiority.  Obstacle.  Ob- 
struction. Difficulty.  Dilemma.  Disad- 
vantage.   Drawback. 

Advent,  n.  Advenio,  adventus, 
I  come  or  arrive. 

SvN.  Approach.  Arrival.  Accession. 
Coming. 

Ant.  Departure.  Exit.  Exodus.  Re- 
tirement   Relinquishment.    Quittance. 

Adventitious,  adj.  See  Ad- 
vent. That  which  is  imposed 
without  strict  propriety,  or  ne- 
cessity, or  rule. 

Syn.  Extrinsic.  Pvedundant.  Super- 
fluous. Adscititious.  Irregular.  Casual. 
Imported. 

Ant.  Regular.  Proper.  Pertinent.  Essen- 
tial.   Appropriate.    Necessary,    intrinsic. 

ADVENTURE,    Ti.       See    AdvCUt 

The  occurrence  of  an  incident  ol 


Sijnoni/ms  and  Anton >/ms. 


See  Adverse. 

Antagonist.       Foe. 


Abettor.        Aider. 
Ally.     Ac- 


1(5 


an  nnusiially  stii-ring  character. 
The  adventure  is  sometimes  un- 
foreseen, sometimes  sought  pur- 
posely. 

Syx.  Incident.  Crisis.  Casualty.  Un- 
dertaking. Experiment.  Venture.  Trial. 
Roinance. 

Ant.  Matter-of-fact.    Matter-of-course. 

Ad\t:ntukqus,  aJj.  See  above. 
Given  to  seek  adventures. 

Syx.  Bold.  Brave.  Paring.  Enter- 
prising. Courageous.  Gallant.  Fearless. 
Venturesome. 

Ant.  Timid.  Unenterprising.  Inad- 
vcnlurous.  Cowardly.  Nervous.  Hesitat- 
xg.    Cautious. 

Adversary,  n 

Syn.      Opponent. 
Enemy.    Rival. 

Ant.    Accessory. 
Friend.      Helper.     Assistant, 
complice. 

Adverse,  adj.  Ad  vertere, 
versus,  turned  to  or  against,  in  op- 
j^josition,  aduersits. 

Adverse  is  spoken  of  physical 
influences  or  forces,  feelings,  and 
cii'cumstances. 

Sy-x.  Opposed.  Unlucky.  Hard.  IlDstile. 
Antagouistic.  Unpropitious.  Unfavourable. 
Unfortunate. 

Ant.  Favourable.  Friendly.  Amicable. 
Tropitious.    Fortunate.    Lucky. 

Adversity,  n.     See  Adverse. 

Si-N.  Ill-luck.  Misfortune.  Misery. 
Calamity.  Disiister.  Unsuccess.  FaUure. 
Ruin.    Trouble.    AfBiction.    Sorrow. 

Ant.  Good-luck.  Prosperity.  Happi- 
ness.   Success.    Advancement. 

Advert,  v.  int.  Ad  vert  ere, 
ncid.,  to  turn  (one's  attention) 
to.  It  is  followed  by  the  prep. 
to. 

Srs-.  Refer.    Allude.    Notice.    Remark. 
Ant.     Ignore.      Pass.      Drop.       Omit 
Overlook. 

Advertent,  adj.  See  Advert. 
Loosely  used  of  acts  as  well  as 
persons. 

SvN.  Attentive.  Regardful.  Mindful 
Watchful  Thoughtful  Observant.  Con- 
siderate. 

Ant.  Inattentive.  Inadvertent.  Casual 
ThougUtle>s.  Heedless.  Inobservant,  is- 
consideratc. 


Advertise,  v.  tr.  See  Advert. 
To  draw  the  mind  to  a  piece  of 
information,  either  the  public 
mind  or  the  mind  of  an  indivi- 
dual, and  so  make  it  known. 
We  say,  to  advertise  a  thing, 
and  to  advertise  a  person  of  a 
thing. 

Syn.  Publish.  Advise.  Inform.  Pro- 
claim.   Promulge. 

Ant.  Suppress.  Hush.  Conceal  Ig- 
nore. Hoodwink.  Misguide.  ilislead. 
Misinform. 

Advice,  n.    See  Advise. 

Advise,  v.  tr.  Ad  videre,  to  see. 
To  cause  to  see,  for  the  sake  of 
information  or  guidance  practi- 
cally, and  prompting  to  action. 

Syn.  Persuade.  Urge.  Prompt.  In- 
stigate. Incite.  Instruct.  Acquaint  In- 
form. 

ANT.  Dissuade.  Deter.  Expostulate. 
Remonstrate.  Prohibit.  Inhibit  Restrain. 
Curb.  Misleai'.  Misadvise.  Hoodwink. 
Deceive.     Deiude.    IMisinform. 

AD^^SABLE,  adj.  That  which 
might  form  a  sulject  of  whole- 
some advice  or  recommendation. 

Syn.  Politic.  Judicious.  fispedient. 
Desirable.  Wise.  Prudent.  Beneficial. 
Profitable.  ^  .    _. 

Ant.  Unadvisable.  Impolitic.  Injudi- 
cious. Inexpedient.  Undesirable.  Unpro- 
fitable. 

Advocate,  v.  Advocafxs.  A 
person  called  to  one's  side  as  an 
assistant    at    law.      Comp.    Gr. 

TrapaKXr/rof.      It    is    UScd    of   tho 

support  of  a  cause  or  opinions, 
as  well  as  of  personal  support. 

Syn.  Pleader.  Counsellor.  Upholder. 
Propagator.  Promoter.  Supporter.  Counte- 
nancer.    Defender.    Jlalnuiiner. 

Ant.  Opponent.  Adversary.  Discount- 
cnancer.    Accuser.    Impugner.    Gamsayer. 

Advocate,  v.  tr.    See  noun. 

Afar,  adv.  Fa  r,  another  form 
(if  for,  which  is  from  the  Greek 
TToppoj  and  the  Latin  vro. 

Sra.  Abroad.    Away.    Aloof. 
AST.  Near.    At  borne.    Cltse. 


Sijnonijms  and  Antonyms. 


Affable,  aiJj.  AffaliUs,  affari, 
to  address.  Giving  opporti^nitios 
of  conversation,  whore  they  im- 
ply kindness  or  condescension. 

'Syn.  Courteous.  Comiescending.  Ac- 
cessible. Conversible.  (irucious.  I'jisy. 
Appruachnble. 

Ant.  Exclusive.  iJiscourteous.  Distiinf. 
Inaccessible.  Unapproachable.  Jnconver- 
gible.  Haughty.  Contemptuous.  Super- 
cilious. 

Affair,  ».  Fr.  affair",  aficnr, 
to  ajf'ecf.  A  tiling  taken  with  its 
siirromidings,  and  viewed,  as  it 
were,  in  the  gross;  as,  a  love 
affair,  a  trivial  affair,  a  serious 
aftair. 

SvN.  Jlalter.  Business.  Concern.  Trans- 
jictioTi. 

Ant.  Dftiiil.  Item.  Point.  Feature. 
Circumstance. 

Affect,  v.  tr.  Afflcere.  To 
make  or  produce  an  effect  upon. 
Also  to  exhibit  a  tendency  toward 
an  object ;  hence  to  seek  natiu-ally 
or  desn-e.  The  impulse  may  be 
physical  or  moral,  as,  water  is 
affected  by  cold ;  fluids  affect  a 
round  figure;  I  do  not  affect 
that  man.  It  is  this  last  aspect 
of  the  word  which  is  represented 
in  common  parlance  by  affection, 
though  it  is  also  used  physically, 
as,  a  febrile  affection. 

Sn.-.  Like.  Desire.  Favour.  Seek. 
Assume. 

Ant.  Dislike.  Eschew.  Shun.  Repel. 
Kepudiate. 

Affectation,  v.  Is  the  false 
or  idle  form  of  the  affection  ;  the 
assuming  a  state  which  is  not 
one's  own,  or  not  natural;  the 
affecting  of  the  untrue ;  the  im- 
pulse on  the  one  side,  and  the 
object  or  nature  on  the  other, 
teing  out  of  harmony. 

SvN.  Pretence.  Artifice.  Hypocrisy. 
Assumption.  Simulation.  Mannerism.  Eu- 
phuism.    Airs. 

Ant.  Genuineness.  Naturalness.  Sim- 
plicity.   Artlessness.     Unaffectedness. 

Affectibility,  n.    See  Affect. 


Stn.  Sensibility.  Sensitiveness.  Su.* 
ceptibility.  Impressibility.  Excitability 
Irritability.     Nervousness. 

Ant.  Insensibility.  Insensateness.  Hele« 
tude.    Unimpressibleness.    Callousness. 

Affection,  »?.     See  Affect. 

SvN.  Influence.  Condition.  Slate.  In» 
clinatiim.  Bent.  Mood.  Humour.  Feel- 
ing.    Love.     Desire.     Propensity. 

Ant.  Insensibility.  Indifterence.  lie- 
pugi\auce.    Disaffection.    Repulsion. 

Affianck,  i).  Fr.  affiancp,  nd 
and  fidiutia,  from  fides.  Faith, 
expressed  toward  a  superior  is 
homage,  toward  an  equal  is 
iViendshiiD,  toward  a  superior 
power,  confidence,  and,  in  a  pe- 
culiar sense  toward  the  other 
sex,  betrothal. 

Syn.  Homage.  Trust.  Confidence.  Re- 
liance. Betrothal.  Fealty.  Faith.  .  Plight- 
iug. 

Ant.  Unfealty.  Disloyalty.  Distrust. 
Treason.    Suspicion.     Infidelity.    Falseness. 

Affiliate,  V.  ^r.  Adim^filuis, 
a  son.  To  impute  paternity.  Also 
to  connect,  as  with  a  parent 
stock  or  society. 

Syn.  Aunex.  Graft.  Incorporate.  Unite. 
Adopt     Inoculate. 

.•Vnt  Dismember.  Disannex.  Disaffiliate. 
Sever.  Transplant.  Separate.  Disjoin. 
Disunite. 

Affiliation,  n.    See  AflBliate. 

Affinity,  ii.  Affinis  means 
literally  contiguity,  closeness  of 
location ;  hence  closeness  of  social 
location,  that  is,  relationship  be- 
tween persons  not  of  the  same 
blood,  so  differing  from  con- 
sanguinity. Hence,  again,  ana- 
logy of  natiu-e  or  character,  as 
in  colour,  soimd,  sentiment,  or 
mental  character;  hence,  again, 
likeness  in  anytliuig  which  should 
form  ground  of  classification,  as 
groups  of  languages  or  natural 
history,  a  physical  community, 
as  chemical  affinities. 

Syn.  Relationship.  Similarity.  Analogy. 
Iloraogeneity.  Harmony.  Correlativene>i. 
Sympathy.  Interdependence.  Inteiconaco 
tion.    Intercommunity. 


18 


Synonijms  and  Aniomjms. 


AST.  Dissimilarity  Discordance.  Dis- 
connection. Inrtepenience.  Antagonism. 
Anlipaltiy.    Repugnance.     Inter-repulsive- 

llesd. 

Affirm,  v.  tr.  FirnMs.  To 
state  in  a  firm  manner,  or  on 
firm  grounds      AfHrmare. 

SvN.    Assert 


Afflux,  n.    See  Affluence. 

Syn.  Accession.  Importation.  AugmunS. 
ation.    Increase.    AdMiiion.    Influx. 

Ant.  Decrea.-*.  Detriment.  Detract n>u 
Diminution.    Exliau=tiuii.    Failure,    tl.b. 

Afford,  v.  tr.  Ad  and /or«///, 
mnrktt.     To  Lrins;  to  market,  or 


impugn.    Oppose. 

Affix,  v.  tr.     Affirher,  aftigerp. 

SvN   Attacli.    Fasten.    Unite.    Appeiid. 
AST.  Detacli.     Disunite.    Separate,     l^e- 
move.    Disengage.    Uutaslen. 

Afflict,  Affliction,  Afflic- 
tive.  Affliijere,  afflidare,  to  strike 

■vi-rdii. 


fraiiclijse. 


Svn"  Assert.      ProiTound.      Asseverate.  I  to  bring  forward  in  COUrt.    HeUCe, 
Depose.  State.  Declare.  Endorse.  M.^ntain.     ^gj^erallv,   tO   produce   according 

Se^r.;e.^^SJntr^r%afnS:-  oSt.  |  U  to 'mora/ and  natur-al  pro- 
^         "  duction,  as,  the  sea  aftords  iisli, 

the  fields  corn ;  a  well-spent  hk- 
affords  ]jeace  at  the  last.  Se- 
condly, to  produce,  confer,  or 
expand  economically,  that  is,  in 
proportion  to  one's  means  and 
resources. 

.,,,..,.  I        Sys.  Produce.    Supply.    Yield.     Grant. 

Usage  restricts  afflict  and  tlie   AdmrnistenE^^^^^^^^  ^^.^^^^_,^^^,   ^,^_ 

rather  derivatives  to  things  of  the  I  ^,,,t  l^^rU^^,.     ^ 
mind  and  prolonged  pams  of  the  |      ^  -^hise,  v.  tr.    From  the 

Lody.      When  the    casual    and  i      A™fHiSE 

uitentional  wounding  of  the  body  ^  jj:^\[f  ^^^  '',^^  ^  free.    A^ 

is  spoken  of,theotlier com^und  ^  ^(^1^^^^ 

inflict,  is  used,  as,  to  inlLcL_  a  ,  P  ^^^.^.     ^.^^^      LUx^ate.     Eufiaiii 

wound ;  but  we  speak  of  an  m-  |  Manumit,   guaiify.   opeu. 

Mction   meanmg  ;m  amW^eo  ,  „,j-,S"-:,«,r'S».. '"""•"■ 

and  of  the  inflKition,  ot  paui  u. ,  ^      jv    •  i-    .     \ 

Sd       Man    inflicts,  but  God  1      Affray,  .^   Fv.  effroij.n-    A 

!mlY  afflicts.  !  conflict  that  puts  others  m  tear, 

SYx'  Affliction.    Trouble.    Trial.    Grief.  \  therefore  pubUc. 
•'■liii     Disease.   Misery.    Hardship.    Sorrow,  j        g^^.   j^^^i,      Tumult.      Brawl.      -Mt;lee. 
'     ■        "^        •     •  ""=-'       *■'""'=""""      Fracas.    Di^turbance.  „    .  .     .. 

AXT.  Order.    TranquUlity.    IViciiicalion. 
leasure.  Dispersion.    yueUing. 

,  ..     Ad  and  fluere,\      j^ffright,    v.   tr.     Goth.     To 

to  flow.  In  usage  expresses  the  |  ^  j^  sx^lden  fear  by  some  ex- 
ao-o-regate  rather  than  the  process   ^^.^.^^.^i  exhibition 

of  an  inflowing  abundance.    In  |       •- -     — ■ 

older  English  it  applied  to  the; 

physical  inflow  of  water,  as  ot ;  affroxt,  n.  Ad  tmij.ons, 
the  tide,  and  the  an-ival  of  any-  i  tu  forehtud  or  faa  An  open 
thin-  in  large  numbers,  as,  an  insult,  as  distinguished  Irom  a 
atfluenoe  ot  strangers.  It  is  now  Lgeret  or  insidious  attack  l)> 
commonly  used  for  an  abund-  i  ^yord  or  deed. 

-— ^=r-  Ple.ty.  ^Vealt...  indgy;;:^; 
^''tsT  W^atlrScarcity.  Penury.  ,  Indi- j  A,.logy.  .^me,.i■ 
KHioe.      I'vverty.     Impecunioiity.    htrait-  ,       j^pjpj.    ,„/^.. 


Grief. 

Hardship.    Sorrow. 

"\sTrCo"n^laUon.'  Relief.     Alleviation. 

■\<suH!;emcnt.    Or,  more  positively:    Boon. 

iUessing.    Gratification.    "'— -" 

Affluence,  n. 


Svs.  Startle.    Aslonisli.    Terrify. 
Ant.  Encourage.    Embolden.    Reassun 


Provocation.      Insult 

Salutation.     Ooiirlepy 
,     Compliment. 

On  fire. 


Sjyionyms  and  Anfoni/ia.-^. 


10 


Stn.  Ablate.  Alight.    Burning,    ignited. 
Ant.  Out.     Extinmiislicd.     yueiicliud. 

Afloat,  adv.  Sax.,  but  seems 
Rkin  to  jluo,  jlactus,  a  wcive. 
Comp.  Fluctuate.  It  is  used  also 
in  a  metaphorical  sense,  as  below. 

Syn.  Adrift.  Abroad.  At  sea.  Abroach. 
Loose.     ]1istracted.     Daied. 

Ant.  Ashore.  Snug.  Tight.  Close. 
Fast.     Collected.    Concentratmi 

Afoot,  adv.  On  fnoi.  Liter- 
ally, on  the  feet,  and  with  the 
metaphorical  meaning  of,  set 
going. 

Sin.  Working.  Launched.  Afloat. 
Agoing.  Inaugurated.  Started.  Insti- 
tuted.    Established. 

Ant.  Uncommenced.  Incomplete.  Pro- 
jected.   Proposed.  Contemplated.   Designed. 

Afore,  adv.  and  adj.  Fore, 
same  as  for  Gr.  iroppto,  Latin  jn-o. 
Precedent  in  time  or  space. 

SvN  Precedent.  Antecedent.  Fore- 
going. Ahead.  A-front.  Before.  Beyond. 
Sooner. 

ANT.  Behind.  Following.  Subsequently. 
After.     Astern.    Aback.     Rearwards. 

Aforesaid,  part.     See  Afore. 

SvN.  Above-mentioned.     Stated. 
Ant.     Following.      Subjoined.      After- 
cited.    Forthcomiug. 

Afraid,  adj.  See  Affray.  Ex- 
presses all  degi-ccs  of  fear  be- 
tween the  most  trifling  appre- 
hension and  the  highest  conster- 
nation. 

Stn.  FearfuL  Apprehensive.  Timid. 
Cautious.  Careful.  Frightened.  Alarmed. 
Terrified.  Suspicious.   Distrustful.  An.xious. 

ANT.  Fearless.  Jnapprehensive.  Uu- 
.solicitous.  Easy.  Indifferent.  Secure. 
Confident.  Bold.'  Hopeful.  Eager.  Reck- 
less.   Audacious.    Venturesome. 

Afresh,  adv.  Fr.  frakhe, 
fresh. 

SvN.  Anew.  Again.  Frequently.  Re- 
peatedly.   Intermittently. 

Ant.  Continuously.  Uniforml}'.  Unin- 
terruptedly. Uuintermittently.  Connectedly. 

Aft,  adv.     See  Abaft. 

After,  prejy.  See  Abaft.  Ap- 
plied to  posteriority  both  of 
time  and  order. 

8tn.  Behind.     V  A\o\\\r\%.    Suci:eeding. 


Ant.  Afon.  Before.  Introducini:.  I'r- 
ceding. 

Again,  adv.  Comp.  (isitu. 
gehen,  to  go.  With  the  twofold 
idea  of  going  anew,  and  going  at 
or  towards  ;  hence  again  and 
against;  for  the  latter  vid'-  'I'ff". 
The  idea  of  frequent  repetition  is 
expressed  by  the  phrase,  "  agaiu 
and  again."    Sax.  agen. 

SvN.  Anew.  Afresh.  Repeatedly.  Fre. 
quemly. 

Ant.  Continuously.  Uniforml.y.  Unin 
terruptedly.    Uuintermittently.    Once. 

Against,  pyxqj.  See  Again. 
Implies  motion  or  position  in 
opi^osition;  and  this  both  phy- 
sical and  moral  opposition. 

Syn.  Over.  Opposite.  Abutting.  Op- 
posing. Resisting.  Despite.  Across.  A- 
thwart.     Counter 

Airr.  With.  For.  Accompanying.  Aiding. 
Suiting.    Promoting. 

Agape,  adu.  Gape,  of  Gothic 
j  derivation.     Comp.  Gap. 

!  Syn.  Astare.  Agog.  Astonished.  Cu 
rious.  Inquisitive.  Entertained.  Amused 
Eager. 

Ant.  Incurious.     Listless.     Lukewarm. 

I  Absent. 

Age,   n.     Lat.   cevum,  cevitus, 

(etaa.  Fr.  Age. 
I     This  word  expresses  both  a 

point  and  also  a  period  of  time ; 
t  and  these  as  applied  both  to  his- 
j  tory  at  large  and  the  history  of 

human  lifetime.  Sometimes  used 

emphatically    of    old    age,    as, 

"  from  youth  to  age." 

SvN.    Period.    Generation.      Date.    Cen- 
tury.     Antiquity.      Senility.       Eldership. 
Seniority. 
I        Ant.  Vouth.   Infancy.   Boyhood.    Child- 
hood.   Moment.    Instant. 

j      Aged,  adj.     See  Age. 

1        Syn.   Old.     Ancient.    Antiquated.     Fa- 
,  triarchal.     Primajval.    Time-honoured. 
j        Ant.  .Juvenile.   Youthful    Young.    L'i->- 
start.    Recent.    Fresh. 

Agency,  n.  Agentia.  See  Agent. 
Agent,  n.     See  Act.     Arolice 


20 


Synomjms  and  Aniomjms. 


both  lo  acts  and  actions,  also  to 
physical  influences.  It  has  the 
technical  sense  of,  a  man  of  busi- 
ness. 

Stx.  Doer.  Performer.  Actor.  Force. 
Means.  Instrument.  Influeuce,  Cause. 
Promoter.    Operator. 

Akt.  Couiiteragent.  Counteractor.  Coun- 
teraction.   Opponent.    Neutralizer. 

AgglomEKATI,  v.  tr.  Agglo- 
merare,  fjloniun,  a  hall  of  cotton,  a 
twist  or  yarn. 

To  agglomerate  is  to  collect 
into  a  mass  of  such  a  kind  as 
shall  convey  the  idea  of  a  multi- 
plicity of  parts,  or  intricacy  with- 
i)ut  organisation  or  structural 
arrangement. 

Syx.  Accumulate.  Conglomerate.  Lump. 
Agglutinate.  Entangle.  Heap.  Confuse. 
Amalgamate. 

Ant.  Scatter.  Dissipate.  Sift.  Separate. 
Disentangle.  Disject.  Divide.  Disunite. 
Part.  Unravel.  Detach.  J)ifference.  Dif- 
ferentiate. 

Agglutinate,  v.  tr.  Gluten, 
gh>e. 

This  idea  differs  from  the  pre- 
ceding, inasmuch  as  the  totahty 
of  the  things  agglutinated  re- 
mains distinguishable,  as  in 
some  languages  compound  ideas 
are  expressed  by  concatenating 
monosyllables,  or  words  expres- 
sive of  elementary  ideas,  such  as 
the  Chinese ;  they  are  called  ag- 
glutinate languages. 

Syn.  Adjoin.  Splice.  Weld.  Solder. 
Gum.  Affix.  Attach.  Paste.  Post.  SUck. 
Consolidate. 

AST.  Detach.  Abrade.  Absterge.  Dis. 
integrate.    Resolve.    Disglutinate. 

Aggrandize,  v.  tr.  Grandis, 
great  or  large.  To  make  gi'eat  or 
greater.  Applied  to  individuals 
and  families,  or  their  condition. 

Svx.  Promote.  Dignify.  E.x^ilt.  En- 
noble. Enrich.  Advance.  Elevate.  Sig- 
nalize. 

Ant.  Depress.  Degrade.  Enfeeble.  Im- 
poverish. Debase.  Humiliate.  Lower. 
AbMe.    Disgrace.    DislioDour. 


Aggravate,  v.  tr.  Gravis, 
heavy.  To  make  hea'vy  or  heavier. 
It  is  not  u.scd  of  the  augmenta- 
tion of  that  -n-hich  is  physically 
weighty,  but  metaphoricaUy,  as  of 
the  burden  of  trouble,  or  any- 
thing naturally  oppressive.  So 
the  idea  is  by  usage  restricted  to 
matters  of  feehng  and  moral  re- 
sponsibihty.  ^Ye  aggravate  a 
mental,  not  a  material  biirden. 
Circumstances  also  aggravate 
offences.  It  is  less  usually  em- 
ployed directly  of  persons  than 
of  their  feehngs  or  sentiments. 

Syk.  Exasperate.  Wound.  Provoke.  In- 
crease.   Enhance.    Embitter.    Magnify. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Conciliate.  Assuage.  Di- 
minish. Palliate.  Neutralize.  Soften. 
Lessen.    Alleviate.    Atteimate.    Mitigate. 

Aggregate,  Aggregation,  r. 

Ad  and  grex,  a  flock. 

Syn.  Sum.  Result.  Total.  Mass. 
Whole.  Totality.  Collection.  Collation. 
Combination. 

A_nt.  Dissipation.  Dispersion.  Separa- 
tion. Division.  Segregation.  Disunion. 
Individual.  Unit  Element.  Ingredient. 
Item. 

Aggression,    n.      Aggredio- 
Grudus,  a  step.     Commonly  im- 
plying the  first  to  begin  an  en- 
counter. 

Syx.  Invasion.  Attack.  Onslaught. 
Assault.  Encroachment.  Provocation.  In- 
cursion. 

Akt.  Resistance.  Retaliation.  Repul- 
sion. Withdrawal.  Retreat.  Evacuaiion. 
Accession.    Acceptance.    Qualification. 

Aggrieve,  v.  tr.  See  Aggra- 
vate. To  lay  a  bui-den  of  sorrow 
or  mjury  upon  another. 

Sy.\.  Wound.  Trouble.  Annoy.  Hurt. 
Vc.\.    Disappoint.    Molest.   Injure.  Wrong. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Conciliate.  Assuage.  Con- 
sole.   Satisfy.    Compensate. 

Aghast,  adv.  From  gaze,  as 
it  were  agazed,  or  standing  in  a 
state  of  gaping  or  staring  won- 
der. 

Syn.  Affrighted.  Astonisln-d.  Astare. 
Dumbfounded.    Bewildered.    Uorror-etruck. 


Synoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


AsT.  Cool.  Calm.  Fearless.  Unaffected.  I 
Unmoved.  Indifferent.  Unexcited.  Un-  | 
Hlurmod,  i 

Agile,  adj.  Ago,  agilis,  active. 
Eesti-ictecl  by  usage  to  bodily 
activity. 

Syn.  Nimble.  Active.  Fleet.  Brisk.  1 
Ak'rt.    Featly.    Lithe. 

Ant.  Slow.  Heavy.  Awkward.  Clumsy. 
Inert.    Bulky.     Ponderous.    Elephantine. 

Agitate,  v.  tr.  Agere,  agilare, 
to  toss  about. 

Six.  Disturb.  Trouble.  Fjtcite.  Ruffle. 
Stir.    Fluster. 

Ant.  Calm.  Compose.  Allay.  Pacify. 
Smoothe, 

It  is  sometimes  used  of  argu- 
mentative consideration,  as,  to 
agitate  a  question. 

Stn.    Start.      Moot.     Ventilate.      Pro- 


Ago,  adv.    For  agone. 

Sin.  Past.    Gone.    Since. 
Ant.  Coming.     Future.    Hence.     Here- 
after. 

Agog,  ndv.    For  agoing. 

SrN.  Abroad.  Abroach.  Astir.  Adrift. 
Agoing. 

The  idea  seems  to  be  that  of 
excited  interest,  with  a  tendency 
to  distraction ;  the  faculties  not 
only  actively  astir,  but  going,  as 
it  were,  different  ways  at  once, 
under  the  iniluence  of  curiosity, 
delight,  surprise,  or  desire. 

Ant.  Asleep.  Indifferent.  Incurious. 
Somnolent.    Heedless.    Collected.    Cool. 

Agony,  n.  Torture,  'Aywi/ta, 
the  struggle  of  the  wrestler  in 
the  public  contests  of  Greece. 
Agony  is  therefore,  primarily, 
pain  so  severe  as  to  produce  con- 
tortion of  the  muscles;  thence 
generally  great  pain  of  mind  or 
body. 

Syn.  Pain.  Torture.  Piacking.  Excru- 
ciation. 

Ant,  Soothing.  Allaying.  Assuage- 
ment.  Comfort.  Composure.  Peace.  P^se 
lleUef.  Gratification.  Enjoyment  Raptur; 
&>:stasy. 


AgkkE,  v.  int.  Yv.  Agrccr.  Ad 
smdgratKS,  grateful,  pleasiut/. 

Agreement  indicates  physical, 
moral,  or  mental  accordance. 
From  its  etymology  it  would 
appear  that  its  transition  has 
been,  not  from  the  physical  to 
the  moral,  but  the  other  way. 
Agreement  may  be  with  or  with- 
out volition. 

Syn.  Suit.  Tally.  Accord.  Fit.  Har- 
monize.  Combine.  Assent,  Consent.  Con- 
form.   Consort.    Comport. 

Ant.  Differ.  Disagree.  Revolt.  Pro- 
test.   Decline.     Refuse.    Dissent.    Demur. 

Agreeable,  adj.  See  Agree. 
Has  the  above  forces,  and  also 
as  applied  to  things  or  persons. 

Syn.  Obliging.  Pleasant.  Accommodat- 
ing.   Grateful.    Acceptable.    Welcome. 

Ant.  Disobliging.  Unpleasant.  Unac- 
commodating. Disagreeable.  Obnoxiotis, 
Ungrateful.  Unwelcome.  Unacceptable, 
Offensive. 

Agreeably,  adv.    See  above. 

Syn.  Suitabl}'.  Confurmably.  Consist 
ently.  Accordingly.  Pleasantly.  Accept 
ably.    Gratefully. 

Ant.  Unsuitably.  Inconsistently.  Ini 
pertinently,  inappropriately.  Inharraoni- 
ously.    Unbefiltingly.    Unpleasantly. 

Agreement,  n.  Has  the  tech- 
nical sense  of  a  permanent  or 
attested  agreement. 

Syn.  Contract.  Compact.  Bond.  Obli- 
gation.    Uudertiibing.    Treaty; 

Ant.  (As  without  legal  force  or  bond). 
Understanding.    Promise.    Parole. 

AoRICULruRE,  n.  Ager,aficld, 
colere,  cultiira,  cultivation. 

Syn.  Cultivation.  Hiibandry.  Farming. 
Tillage. 

Ant,  Sterility.  Unproductiveness.  Waste. 
Fallowness.    luculture. 

Aground,  adv.    On  ground. 

Syn.  Stranded.     Ashore. 
Ant.  Off.    Afloat. 

Ahead,  adv.  Toward  tho 
head. 

Syn.  Forward.  Afcre  Afrcnt.  On- 
wards. 

Akt.  Aft.  Abaft.  Astern.  Behind 
Aback. 


Sii'iionyms  and  Antomjms. 
Fr.  aider,  to  help.    ''  ance  of  the  wishes  or  conimanda 


Aid,  v.  t 

Svx.  Help.    Assist.    Succour.    SupporU  |  of  another, 
^bet.     Encourage.    Instigate.    Subsidize.      1 

AST.     Oppcse.       Resist.       Counteract         AlABM.  «.  and  V.    It.  nil  \irme. 

VZrS!""^  '^"'""'-     '"""'"  ;  A  cry  «t<;  arms;"  hence  the  verb 

Ailment,  n.    Ail,  of  northern   alarm  means  to  frighten,  and  the 

derivation ;  to  be  weak.  ,  ''>oun  not  only  fear  but  a  sum- 

SrN.  Complaint.    Illness.   Sickness.   Dls-  [  monS    tO   selt-deience,  aS,  tO  gn  0 

«ise.  „       ,  ti  1.,,  ,  the  alarm. 

Ant.  Recovery.  Convalescence.  H^lth.  j  g^^.  Apprehension.  Fear.  Frisht. 
Timidity.  Consternation.  Tocsin.  War-cry 
War-note.    Reveille. 


Health.  1 
Salubrious- 


Sanity.    Robustness.    Vigour, 
aess. 

Am,  n.  and  v.  int.,  as  such  it 
is  followed  bv  at.    From  cesti- 
rnare,   to  estimate  or  c«;c»?.<e,  as  |  Frighten.  ^n^tj^date^_^_^^^^^_^     ^^^^^^^^ 
distance,  eleyation,  angles,  Jorce.  i  R,^iy 


AST.  Confidence.    Security.    Quiet. 
Stk.    to    V.    Warn.      Wake.       Terrify 


Object.  Scope.  Goal.  Purpose, 
Mark.    End.     Design.    Intention. 

Srs.  to  V.  Seek.  LeveL  Propose.  De 
si^n.     Affect.    Intend.    JMe.in.    Purpose. 

AST.  Shun.  Disregard.  Disaffect.  Ig- 
nore.   Overlook.    Avoid. 


Alakmixg,  fd/.     See  Alarm. 

Six.  Terrible.  Fearful.  Frightful.  Por- 
tent'iu?.    Ominous.    Threutening. 

Ant.  Soothing.  Assuring.  Encouraging 
Inviting.     Propitious.     MopefuL    Alluring 

Airy,  adj.      A    metaphorical   i^nt'cmg.  Attractive, 
expression  for  light  as  air,  over       Alert,  adj.    Sp.  nl'  erta.    Gr- 
and above  its  plainer  meaning  of  ■  ^jjg  mound  or  post  of  the  sentinel 
ventilated  or  breezy.  I  on  the  fortifications  or  rampart. 

SvN.  I-ight.  iEthereal.  Spiritual.  .Joyous.  1        ^j.^.   ;^,.*\vo.    Vigilant.    Ready.    Wake- 
Sprightly.    Lively.    Animated.    Frolicsome.    f^,_    Watchful.    Prepared. 

^**Asi.''l)ull.    Inert     Stony.     Ponderous.  |       Although  the  WOrd  is  USed  for 

Slow.    Heavy.    Cheerless.    Sullen.   Dole-  ]  briskness  or  activity,  iu  general, 

some.    Lugubrious.    Leaden.    Wooden.         1  j^  gtiU  is  mOSt  appropriately  USed 


Akin,  adj.  Prefix  a  and  kin ; 
whence  kind  and  kindred.  Like 
in  nature  or  character. 

Svs.  Related.  Agnate.  Cognate.  Honio- 
gpueuus.  Similar.  Consanguineous.  Con- 
cenlaL    Allied.    Sympathetic. 

Akt.  Unrelated.  Unconnected.  Alien. 
Heterogeneotis.  Foreign.  Uncongenial. 
Hostile.  Unallied.  Anlagonistia  Unsym- 
pathetic.   Dissimilar. 

Alacrity,  n.  Alacer,  quick, 
alaeritas. 

Sre.  Quickness.  Readiness.  Cheerful- 
ness. Compliance.  Willingness.  Prompti- 
tude. ,„ 

AST.  Slowness.  Reluctance.  Repug- 
nance. 

The  idea  of  alacrity  is  com- 
pound, implying  both  physical 
and  mental  or  moral  activity, 
and  is  by  usage  almost  entirely 
refetrioted  to  the  ready  perfonu- 


of  cases  in  which,  according  to 
the  etymology,  the  mind  and 
body  answer  to  some  external 
call  upon  them,  to  be  on  the 
alert,  or  to  be  on  the  look-out, 
ready  to  act  on  short  notice, 
l)eins:  found  prepared. 

Ant.  Slow.  Sleepy.  Lazy.  Absent 
Oblivious.  Unready.  Sluggish.  Inactive 
Unwaichlul.    Dilatory.    Drowsy. 

Alien,  adj.  Alius,  aliernis. 
Belonging  to  another  country; 
hence,  metaphor.,  foreign  to  the 
purpose. 

Srs.  Foreign.  Strange.  Undomesticatcd. 
Inappropriate.    Irrelevant    Impertinent 

Ant  Pertinent  Essential.  Proper 
.Appropriate.  Kclevant  Germane.  Akin. 
.\propos.     Naturalized. 


Alikn.ate, 


tr.     See    Alioa 


Srnrnvjiiis  and  Antonyms. 


23 


Ap]il]od  to    ])ropcrty,  and    tlic 
good-will  or  affections  of  others. 

SvN.  Estrange.    Abalieiiatp.    Transrcr. 
Ant.  Conciliate.   K^tain.    Kndear.    liind. 
Kniail.    Secure. 

Alfenatiox,  )*.  See  above. 
Iliis,  besides,  the  peculiar  sense 
of  constitutional  estrangement  of 
mind. 

SvN.  Insanity,  .\berration.  Hdlucina- 
(icn.     iJerangetuint.     Imbecility. 

Ani'.  Sanity.  .Souni1nP*s.  Sobriety,  na- 
tionality 

Alight,  v.  inf.  Light  conn. 
with  IcniH.     To  descend  lightly. 

Syn.  Percb.    Drop.    Descend.   Dismount. 
Ant.   Mount.     Ascend.     Spring.     Soar. 
Start. 

Alike,  adj.  and  adc.  A  and 
like.  Like  in  character  or  nature 
or  community  of  circumstances. 

Syn.  Reseniblinpt.  Similar.  Ilomogene- 
otis.     Akin.    Tos^etber.     Kqually. 

Ant.  Unlik.'.  Heterogeneous.  Dis- 
similar. Apart.  Varioubly.  J)ifferently. 
Unequally. 

Aliment,  v.  Ahre,  rdnnentum, 
to  nourish.  Is  u.sed  of  whatever 
tends  to  promote  growth  in 
plants  or  animals. 

Syn.  Food.    Susienlation.    Nutriment. 
Ant.  Poison.     IJanc.    \'enom.     Starva- 
tion.   E.xhaustion. 

Alive,  (tdj.  A  and  life.  Germ. 
h'hen.  Possessing  life,  or  full  of 
life. 

Sy-n.  Quick.  Living.  Breathing.  Warm, 
l^ively.  Vivacious.  Alert.  Brisk.  Ani- 
mated. 

Ant.  Dead.  Departed.  Cold.  J.ifeless. 
Defunct,     inanimate.     Di^piriled.     Dull. 

All,  adj.  Saxon.  Expresses 
completeness  of  number,  extent, 
quantity,  or  duration.  It  pre- 
cedes the  defnite  article,  while 
the  svnonyms  follow  it. 

Syn.  Whole.    Entire.    Complete.    Total 
AST.^' preceding).  Some.     Part. 

Allay,  v.  tr.  Sax.  alecgan,  to 
,ay  down.  To  diminish  or  abate ; 
but  by  use  to  diminish  in  force 
especially.     It  is  used  of  bodily 


pain  and  mental  excitement,  and 
of  forces  and  feelings  generally, 
so  far  as  they  are  amenable  to 
man's  control.  It  may  be  total 
or  partial.  When  used  of  metals 
it  is  a  confusion  with  alloy,  which 
has  a  totally  distinct  derivation. 

Syn.  Soothe.  Alleviate.  Repress.  Miti- 
gate. Quiet.  Moderate.  Appease.  Com- 
pose.   Soften.    Pacify. 

Ant.  K.xcite.  House.  Aggravate.  Stir 
Kindle.  Kan.  Impassion.  Provoke.  In 
cite. 

Allege,  v.  tr.  Ad  legare,  to 
send  or  depute.  To  send  or  put 
forth  as  an  authoritative  state- 
ment; hence,  as  adding  strength, 
to  adduce  the  authority  of  an- 
other. 

Syn.  Declare.  Affirm.  Assert.  As- 
severate. Depose.  Plead.  Cite.  Quote, 
Assign.    Advance. 

Ant.  Contradict.  Gainsay.  Refute. 
Deny.  Disprove.  Neutralize.  Quash. 
Repel. 

Allegiance,  «.  Alligavtm, 
nd  and  li</(ire,  to  hiiid.  That 
which  binds  a  subject  to  his 
king  or  superior  in  the  state ; 
used  also  for  the  personal  feeling 
or  recognition  of  it. 

Syn.  Subjection.  Obedience.  Loyalty. 
Fealty.    Homage. 

Ant.  Dioloyal'y.  Rebellion.  Resistance. 
Disaffection.    Makontentment.    Treason. 

Allegory,  v.    Gr.  akXo^,  and 

nyopcvQ},  1  spea/t'. 

Syn.  Parable.  Mrtaphor.  Fable.  Illus- 
tration. lmat;e.  For  tlie  differences,  see 
tlie  Words  m  locis. 

The  allegory  is  a  form  of  di- 
dactic speech,  in  which  the  pro- 
perties of  one  subject  are,  for  the 
sake  of  illustration,  transferred 
to  another. 

Akt.  History.    Fact.    Narrative. 

Alleviate,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  levis, 
light.  To  make  light,  or  hghter. 
It  is  not  used  literally,  or  of 
things  physical,  but  metaphori- 
cally of  things  ivliich  weigh  upon 


24 


Sijiionyms  and  Antonyms. 


the  mind,  as  care,  sorrow,  grief, 
&c.  We  speak,  however,  of  al- 
leviating pain,  penalty,  and  pun- 
ishment. 

Siw.  Lighten.  Lessen.  Mitigate.  Soothe. 
Assuage.  Moderate.  Relieve.  Remit. 
diminish. 

Ant.  Aggravate.  Enhance.  Embitter. 
Augment.    Increase. 

Alliance,  n.  Alligantia,  ad 
Ugare,  to  hind. 

An  alliance  is  a  voluntary- 
compact,  binding  persons  or 
communities.  Tlie  alliance  of 
states  is  either  oflFensive,  defen- 
sive, or  both ;  with  individuals 
it  means  friendship  or  marriage- 
relationship. 

Stn.  Compact.  Treaty.  Union.  Co- 
operation. Coalition.  Confederation.  Friend- 
ship.   Relationship. 

Ant.  Disunion.  Enmity.  Divorce.  Dis- 
card. Disruption.  Antagonism.  Estrange- 
ment.   Hostility.    Separation. 

Allot,  v.  tr.  Fr.  Jot,  a  Jot  or 
share.  To  assign  a  lot  or  to  dis- 
tribute lots. 

Six  Assign.  Grant.  Award.  Give. 
Distribute.    Apj)ortion.    Deal.    Dispense. 

Ant.  Withhold.  Refuse.  Retain.  .Vp- 
propriate.  Resume.    Misapportion.   Misdeal. 

Allotment,  //.     -Sep  Allot. 

Stn.  Piece.  Parcel.  Award.  Assign- 
ment.   Apportionment. 

Ant.  Malappropriation.,  Seizure.  En- 
croachment. 

Allow,  v.  tr.  Fr.  aJJouer,  from 
aJJocare,  or  aJJaudurr.  First,  to 
make  a  deduction,  as  upon  an  ac- 
c'ount ;  hence,  to  grant  or  gi  \'e  in 
9.  stated  manner  or  loeriodically ; 
lienco,  again,  to  grant  the  claim 
of  a  thing  on  the  ground  of 
truth,  justice,  reason,  or  equity ; 
and,  finally,  to  concede  for  rea- 
sons best  knowTi  to  one's  self. 

Si'N.  Apportion.  Allot.  Assign.  Afford. 
Concede.  Grant.  Remit.  Recognize.  Ac- 
l<iiowledge.  Avow.  Confess.  Admit, 
rermlt.    SufTer. 

Ant.  Withhold.  Withdraw.  Resume. 
Refuse.  Deny.  Disallow.  Repudiate.  Pro- 
test.  Withstand.  Resist.  Disapprove. 
E^ect. 


Allowance,  n.    S'r  Allow. 

Alloy,  n.  A  and  Fr.  Joi,  the. 
Jaw. 

Alloy  is  the  doliascmcnt  of 
metal  to  that  standard  which  the 
law  allows.  The  word  is  not  to 
be  confounded  cither  with  allow 
or  allay,  inasmuch  as  all  come 
from  dilferent  roots.  In  time, 
the  notion  of  legal  debasement  of 
value  was  lost  sight  of,  and  the 
word  is  now  hiken  metaphori- 
cally for  the  abatement  of  things 
pleasurable  or  good. 

Syn.  Admixture.  Deterioration.  Adul- 
teration. Drawback.  Diminution.  Decre- 
ment. Impairment.  Debasement.  Depre- 
ciation.   Disparagement. 

Ant.  Purity.  Genuineness.  Enhance- 
ment,   Integrity. 

Alloyed.     See  Alloy. 

SiN.  Mixed.  Deteriorated.  Impaired. 
Diminished.    Adulterated. 

Ant.  I'ure.  Absolute.  Perfect.  Com- 
plete. Genuine.  Unmixed.  Undeteriorated. 
Unimpaired.  Undiminished.  Unadulterated. 
Enhanced. 

Allude,  v.  int.  Ad  and  Judere, 
to  sport.  To  allude  ^is  to  make 
such  a  reference  to  a  subject  as 
does  not  straightly  refer  to,  but, 
as  it  were,  plays  about  it,  and  is 
not  specific  but  suggestive.  It 
is  followed  by  the  prep.  to. 

Syn.  Refer.  Point.  Indicate.  Suggest 
Hint.    Signify.    Insinuate. 

Akt.  Specify.  Demonstrate.  Declare. 
Mention.    State. 

Allure,  v.  tr.  Lure  with  the 
sense  of  bait.  To  lead  on  by 
the  enticement  of  a  bait. 

Syn.  Entice.  Tempt.  Seduce.  AtU'act. 
Oyole. 

Ant.  Alarm.  Deter.  Terrify.  Scare. 
Warn. 

ALLURE.MENT,  n.     See  Allure. 
Allusion,  n.    See  Allude. 

Syn.  Reference.    Insinuation. 
AST.  Specification.  Demoustrution,  M«n> 
tiou. 


Si/nunyms  and  Antonyms, 


Ally,  n.    See.  Alliance. 

SvN.  Friend.  Companion.  Supporter. 
Alder.  Abettor.  Accomplice.  Accessory. 
Colleague.     Coadjutor. 

AxT.  Foe.  Enemy.  Opponent.  Adver- 
nary.     Baffler,    CountcracWr.    Antagonist. 

Aloof,  adv.  Either  all  oflF,  or, 
for  aloft,  from  Germ,  hi/t,  the  air. 
It  is  applied  not  to  altitude  but 
to  disiance  more  commonly. 

SvN.  Apart.     Away.    Separately. 
Ant.  Close.    Near.    Together. 

Aloud,  adu.     A  and  loud. 

SvN.  Audibly.  Loudly.  Sonorously. 
\'ociferously.  Clamorously.  Obstreper- 
ously. 

Ant.  Softly.  Silently.  Inaudibly.  Sup- 
pressedly. 

Altkr,  V.  tr.  AUerare,  to  sub- 
si  iJ.ute.  Also  to  change,  that  is, 
to  take  another,  or  to  make  other- 
wise. 

Syn.  Substitute.  Change.  Modify.  Ex- 
change.   Vary.    Diversify. 

Ant.  lletain.  Perpetuate.  Conserve. 
Stereotype.    Arrest.    Solidify.    Stabilitate. 

Alterable,  adj.     See  above. 

Syn.  Variable.  Mutable.  Changeable. 
Jloveable.    Revocable. 

AxT.  Invariable.  Immutiible.  Unchange- 
able. Pei-manent.  Fixed.  Perpetual.  Un- 
alterable.   Immovable. 

Alteration,  v.    See  Alter. 

.Syn.  Variation.  Difference.  Diversifica- 
tion.    Modification.    Change.     PermuUition. 

Ant.  Retention.  Perpetuation.  Conser- 
vation. Changelessness.  Stabilitation.  Iden- 
tity.    Fixity.     Permanence. 

Altercation,  «.  Same  root  as 
Alter.  Mutual  expressions  of  as- 
i)erity,  or  argument  so  conducted. 

Syn.  Dispute,  Wrangle.  Contentiouu. 
Quarrel. 

Ant.  Unanimity.  Concord.  Agreement. 
Compromise.  Reconciliation.  Consonance. 
Couversation.     Harmony. 

Alternative,  v.    Same  root. 

SvN.  Clioice.    Resource.    Option. 
Vnt.    Compulsion.       Fix.       Quandary. 
Necessity. 

Altiloquence,  n.  Alius,  high, 
lo  nil,  to  speak. 

SvN.  Bomliast.  Tursidity.  Inflatedness. 
Kupliuism.     Magniloquence. 

Ant.  Plain -spokainess.  Veraacular. 
Moihcr-tonguc. 


Tallness.       Verticali 


Combined.     In  oiti 


Altitude,  «,   Same  root.  Mi; 
sui-ed  height. 

Syn.    Height. 
Ascent.    Loftiness. 

Ant.  Lowness.  Depression.  Descc.-. 
Declination.    Depth. 

Altogether,  adv.  Ail  to 
gather. 

Syn.  Collectively. 
Completely. 

Ant.  Separately.  Individually.  Partially. 

Amalgamate,  v.  tr.  MdXay/io. 
Any  moist,  ductile  or  viscou.-i 
compound,  as  an  emollient  plas- 
ter. Amalgam  is  the  compound 
of  quicksilver  with  other  metals 

Syn.  Fuse.  Mix.  Commix.  Com- 
pound.    Unite.     Incorporate.     Consolidate 

Ant.  Separate.  Disintegrate.  Disunite 
Decompose.  Dissipate.  Detach.  Disperse. 
Analyze. 

Amalgamation.  See  Amalga- 
mate. 

Amass,  v.  tr.  Massa,  limip  es- 
pecially of  molten  metal. 

Syn.  Collect.  Accumulate.  Heap.  Ag- 
gregate. 

Ant.  Divide.  Dissipate.  AVaste.  Scatter. 
Disperse.    Parcel.    Portion.    Spend. 

Amazement,  n.  Maze  or  la1>y- 
rinth.  Expresses  the  combina- 
tion of  surprise  and  difficulty, 
usually  accompanied  with  fear. 
But  compare  also  Fr.  s'esmaier. 

Syn.  Astonishment.  Bewilderment.  Sur- 
prise.    Stupefaction.     Marvel. 

Ant.  Expectation.  Preparation.  Anti- 
cipation. Familiarity.  Calmness.  Compo- 
sure.   Coolness.    Self-possession. 

Amazing,  adj.    See  above. 

Syn.  Astounding.  Astonishing.  H^- 
wildenng.  Marvellous.  Prodigious.  Pui- 
tentous.     Ominous.    Striking. 

Ant.  Commoti.  Ordinary.  Familiar 
Trivial.  Connuonplace.  Customary.  Fre- 
quent.   Usual. 

Ambagious,  adj.  A m hages,  am j 
for  ambi,  and  agere,  to  tn-it  ot 
drive.     To  twist  about. 

SvN.  'r<irtu<ius.  Indirect.  Anfractnou? 
Circiimlocntorv.  Periphrastic.  Circuitou:i 
I  Ambisuuus.  Cnirtelligible.  Pointless.  Di* 
1  Jointed. 


26 


^ynonijms  and  An'onyms. 


AxT.  Sim)>le.  Straightforward.  Direct. 
Obviuus.  Iiitellij;ibio.  Lucid.  Plain.  Pointed. 
Terse.    Pungent.    Condensed.    Telling. 

Ambiguous,  wlj.  Arribo,  both. 
That  quality  of  an  expression 
wliich  leaves  ns  in  doubt  which 
of  two  ways  to  take  it  in,  and,  by 
an  extension  of  meaning,  which 
leaves  us  in  doubt  generally. 

Stx.  Kqnivocal.  Doubtful.  Enigmatical. 
Unintelligible.  Perple.^ing.  Dubious.  In- 
disiinct.  ^_ 

Ant  Univocal.  Obvious.  Plain.  Un- 
ambiuiious.  Indisputable.  UnmiMakeable. 
Necessary.    Clear.    Unequivocal.    Lucul. 

AMBrrroN,  n.  Amhire,  to  (jo 
<il:0)(t.  Canvassing  for  office  in 
ancient  Eome.  Hence  a  ten- 
dency to  self-raising,  which  may 
be  moderate  or  immoderate. 

Svx.  Aspiration.  Emulation.  Appetition. 
.\XT.  Indifference.    Inappetency.    Mode- 
ration.   Contentment. 

Ameliorate,  v.  tr.  Melius, 
better. 

This  word  seems  in  present 
usage  to  be  confined  to  such  ma- 
terial improvement  of  men's  con- 
dition as  are  closely  dependent 
on  a  corresponding  moral  or 
mental  state.  Thus  we  do  not 
speak  of  ameliorating  an  indi- 
vidual by  knowledge,  but  of 
ameliorating  the  condition  of  the 
people  bv  education. 

S\N.  Improve.    Raise.    Better, 
tage.     Advance.     Promote.     .Vnitnd. 

Ant.  Debase.  Dtpres.s.  Deteriorate. 
Injure.     Imp.iir.     Vitiate.    Spoil.     Mar. 


encc  g>-;ne rally.  (Anothtr  doii- 
vation  is  from  the  mesne  or 
demesne  lord  or  feudal  superior.) 
And,  by  a  further  extension,  a 
voluntariness  of  subjection  to 
such  an  influence  as  in  the  phrase 
'  amenable  to  reason.' 

Syn.  Liable.  Dependent.  Responsible. 
Answerable.  Accountable.  Subject.  Pli.mt. 
Impressible.    Ductile.    Docile. 

Ant.  Independent.  Autocratic.  Uti- 
amenable.  Irresponsible.  Refractory.  Ob- 
stinate. 

Amend,  v.  active  uikI  neuf'-r. 
Menda,  a  favM  or  defect.  Fr. 
amend^er. 

When  used  as  neuter  it  h:\s  a 
general,  when  as  active,  a  par- 
ticular or  detailed  force  :  Thus?, 
'  his  character  or  condition  has 
amended  in  general.'  '  He  takes 
pains  to  amend  his  ways,'  implies 
specific  attention  to  the  comiter- 
acting  of  certain  faults. 

Syn.  Improve.  Mend.  Correct  Repair. 
Better.    Ameliorate.    P>eform. 

Ant.  Deteriorate.  Degenerate.  Xeglecf. 
Aggravate.  Tarnish.  Blemish.  Spoil. 
Corrupt.    Vitiate.     Impair.    Mar. 

Amends,^;.  Thefillingupof de- 
fect in  obligation  towards  another. 

Syv.  Compensation.  Satisfaction.  Aft- 
knowledgment.  Atonement.  Expiation. 
Apoloav.    Restitution.    Rep.iration. 

Ant.  Insult.    Fault.    Offence.    Injury. 
Amenity,  ».  Aniarni$,pleusant. 
\dvan- '  Apphed  to  physical  influences, 
I  as  climate,  and  to  demeanour. 

I        Syn.  Plea.~antness.    Mildness.    lUandness. 
Graciousne^s.     Geniality.     Compliableiiess. 


, .       f^  J  A     '  6bli''incness.    Courtesy. 

AMENABLE,   adj.      Supposed  to  |        l^^  unpleasantness.    Harshness 

be  from  mlwiri,  to  threaten,  as  the 
root  of  the  French  amener,  to 
/,„.'  or  bring.  So  Amenable 
would  at  first  imply  that  pro- 
carious  condition  of  dependence 


Unpleasantness.  Harshness.  Aus- 
terity. Roughness.  Moroseness.  Unu-ra- 
ciou^n.^sj.  Bearishness.  Rigour.  Asperity. 
Angularity.    Discourtesy. 

Amerce,  v.  tr.    Mei-ccs,'pen(dhj. 

Syn.  Fine.    Bind.    Mulct.    Condemn. 

.\NT.   Remit.      Acquit     Absolve.     In- 


which   led   a  man   to   take   groat  ,  demnify.    Release. 

account  of  the  threats  of  a  su-  Aml\ble,  ad,.  Amn,-'-  in  tore 
perior;  hence  this  servile  idiQa.\v'ortln,to  behr,-.!.  Of  old  applied 
l>eing  lost,  the  force  survived  of  to  things  and  places,  now  only 
a  state  of  subjection  or  depend-   to  persons. 


S;f)ioni/ins  luiil  Antonyms. 


27 


Srn.  T,ovc.ilil<-.  Goo.l.  BGnernkMit. 
Charitable.     Kind.     lJelect:il)l.>. 

AST.  Churlish.  1  lisagrepiiblc.  Hateful 
Abominable.  1  ll-natuied.  Unamiable.  Ill- 
conditioned. 

Amicable,  nrlj.  Amt'cus,  (i 
friend.  Exhibiting  the  character 
of  a  friend,  a  friendliness  on  a 
epecific  occasion. 

.Syn.  Friendly.  Propitious.  Favourable. 
Kind.    Cordial.    Neighbourly. 

Ant.  Unfriendly.  Unpropitious.  Un- 
favourable. Unbind.  Cold.  Distant.  ^Vn- 
tagonistic.    Hostile.    Adverse. 

Amidst,  prep.     Mediw^,  muldle. 

SvN.  Between.     Among.    Betwi.xt. 
Ant.  Outside.    Without.    Beyond. 

Amiss,  adj.  Amitfere,  rimiKsitfi. 
That  which  is  lost,  or  has  been 
made  to  swerve  from  its  right 
scope  or  purpose,  and  so  wrong. 

It  is  seldom  used  of  physical, 
more  often  of  moral  things :  and 
expresses  wrong  under  the  as- 
pect of  swerving,  deviation,  or 
failure,  and  to  transactions,  as 
missing  the  mark  of  time  and 
circumstances. 

Syn.  Wrong.  Untrue.  AVide.  Bad. 
False.  Defective.  Short.  Inappropriate. 
Inopportune.  Injudicious.  Untimely.  Abur- 
tive. 

Ant.  Right.  True.  Good.  Complete. 
Successful.  Satisfactory.  Consummate. 
Ktfective.  Expedient.  Appropriate.  Op- 
portune. 

Amity,  n.     Hee  Amiable. 

Expresses  an  ordinary  amount 
of  goodwill  without  intimacy  or 
strong  feeling. 

Syn.  Friendliness.  Peace.  Goodwill.  So- 
ciableness. 

Ant.  Coolness.  Distance.  Indifference. 
Hostility.  Opposition.  Antagonism.  Acri- 
mony. Asperity.  Hatred.  Dislike.  Re- 
piignance.    Unfriendliness. 

Amnesty,  7).  avot,aindnivaoiuu, 

fif^vri^ai,  ]  remember.  A  consign- 
ing of  offences  (imrticularly  politi- 
cal) to  oblivion. 

Syn.  J'ardoTi.  .Vcquitt.il.  Kemission. 
Conitonatiun.  Obliviui,.  l>i,-iM!i>awjM.  Ab- 
solution. 


Ant.  Penalty.  Retaliation.  Punishmeat. 
Retribution.  Requital.  Visitation.  Inflic- 
tion.   Kxaction.    Trial.     Account. 

Among,  prep.  A  mingled.  .See 
Amidst. 

AMORPHOtrs,  adj.  d  not,  and 
fiopcfiri,  a  shape  or  form. 

The  Vv'ord  is  technically  used 
of  the  elements  of  crystals  which 
have  not  developed  into  shape 
and  angularity ;  but  it  is  gaining 
a  more  and  more  extensive  cur- 
rency, in  the  sense  of  floating, 
or  not  yet  compacted  into  a  set- 
tled shape. 

Syn.  Shapeless.  Unformed.  Incomnact. 
Inchoate.  Incomplete.  Unordered.  Unar- 
ranged.  Floating.  Unmoulded.  Naiant. 
Discurrent. 

Ant.  Systematized.  Arranged.  Com- 
pact. Finished.  Shapely.  Crystallized. 
I)eveloped.    Stereotyped.    Moulded. 

Amount,  v.  int.  Er.  Amonter,  ad 
mo7dem.  To  reach  the  apex  or 
culminating  point,  or  a  certain 
point  or  degree. 

Syn.  Reach.  Rise.  Come.  Attain. 
E.^teiid. 

Ant.  Fail.  Recede.  Relapse.  Fall. 
Decline. 

Amount,  ??. 

Syn.  Total.  Sum.  Aggregate.  Whole. 
Quantity.     Totality.     Equality. 

Ant.  Failure.  Decrease.  Deficiency. 
Portion.    Instalment.  Deficit.    Insufficiency. 

Ample,  adj.  Amplus,fidL 
The  word  primarily  expresses 
fulness  of  superficial,  though 
not  necessarily  plane  extent,  as 
ample  space ;  the  ample  folds  of 
a  robe.  In  usage  it  expresses 
such  a  fulness  as  satisfies  rc- 
qviirement  or  need. 

Syn.  Large.  Bountilul.  Liberal.  Suf- 
ficient.    Plentiful.     Abundant. 

Ant.  Narrow.  Niggardly.  Siingy.  In- 
sufficient.   Scanty.    Mean.    StinU    Bare. 

Amplification,  n.  See  Am- 
plify. 

Amplify,  v.  tr.  See  Ampla 
I  To  make  ample. 


Sipiont/ms  and  Antonyms. 


ITie  word  is  commonly  applied 
to  the  augmentation  of  resoui-ces 
and  the  enlargement  of  some 
literary  subject  or  argument. 

Syn.  Enrich.  p;nlargf.  Kxteiid.  In- 
f raise.  Augment.  Multiply.  Dilate.  K.\p:i- 
tiate.     Expand.     Discuss.     Unfold. 

Akt.  Retrench.  Amputate.  Curtail. 
Condense,  Abhreviate.  Epitomize.  Gather. 
Collect.    Sum. 

Amplitude,  n.    See  Ample. 
A31PUTATE,  V.  tr.    Am  for  umh, 
and  putcire,  to  prune. 

SvN.  Prune.    Lop.    Curtail    Clip.    Re- 

AJs-T.  E.\tend.  Enlarge.  Augment. 
Klongate.  Amplify.  Train.  Trail.  Deve- 
lop.   Produce. 

Analogy,  n.  apa,  <o,  andXoyos, 

a  relation. 

Analogy  is  of  three  kinds, 
according  to  the  number  of  re- 
lated terms.  Thus,  1,  there  is  an 
analogy  between  A  and  B— this 
commonly  means  resemblance,  a 
community  of  character  or  cir- 
cumstance". 2,  As  A  is  to  B  so 
is  C  —  in  this  case  analogy  is 
equality  of  relationship.  3,  As 
A  is  to  B,  so  is  C  to  D.  In  this 
case  it  is  equality  of  proportion. 

.SrN.  Relation.  Resemblance.  Propor- 
tion.   Similarity.    Coincidence.    Affinity. 

Ant.  Disproportion.  ,  Dissimilarity.  Dis- 
harmony. Irrelativeness.  Heterogeneous- 
ness.    Incongruity.    InafBnity. 

Analysis,  jk  ava  and  Xvco,  to 
loose.  The  resolution  into  parts 
of  anything  which  is  regarded 
as  a  whole — that  is,  a  physical  or 
metaphysical  whole. 

SvN.  Dissection.  Separation.  Segrega- 
tion. Anatomy.  Decomposition.  Resolu- 
tion.   Partition. 

Ant.  Composition.  Synthesis.  Aggre- 
gallon.  Combination.  Coalition.  Coherence. 
Amalgamation. 

Anarchy,  «.  «  not,  apxrj  the 
principle  of  (/ovcrnrnent.  The 
jailure  of  political  power  or  au- 
tliority,  and  its  consequence,  civil 
confusion. 


Syn.  Disorder.  Tumult.  Uebeillon 
Riot.    Misgovernmenl.     Insubor.lination. 

Ant.  Order.  Subjection.  Government 
Organization.     Control.     Law. 

Anatomy,  ».  dvii  tu,  or  up,  and 
refiva,  1  cut.  The  resolution 
of  an  organized  substance  into 
its  structural  constituents;  em- 
ployed also  metaphorically  as  the 
anatomy  of  a  discourse. 

SvN.  Dissection.  Division.  Segregation. 
Analysis.    Dismemberment.    Resolution. 

Ant.  Synthesis.  Collocation.  Organiza- 
tion. Union.  Construction.  Striicture. 
Form.     Body. 

Ancient,  at?/.  Fr.  anden.  Low 
Latin,  auteanus,  one  icho  is  before, 
of  old.  (Not  to  be  confounded 
with  ancient,  meaning  ensign,  of 
which  the  derivation  is  insigne.) 
In  common  parlance  ancient  is 
used  of  that  of  which  the  cha- 
racter impresses  us  with  anti- 
quity. As  an  ancient  family; 
the  ancient  world. 

Sin.  Old.  Aged.  Primeval.  Primor- 
dial.   Immemorial.    Time-honoured. 

Ant.  New.  Young.  Modern.  Juve- 
nile.   Upstart.    Fresh.    Parvenu. 

Ancillary,  adj.  Ancilla,  a 
handmaid. 

Syn.  Assistant.  Subservient.  Promo- 
tive. Auxiliary.  Accessory.  Conducive. 
Available.    Useful.    Applicable. 

Ant.  Insubservient.  Redundant.  Inap- 
propriate Irrelevant.  Alien.  Inoperative. 
Unconducive.  Adverse.  Obstructive.  Im- 
pertinent.   Counteractive.    Preventative. 

Anew,  adr.     A  and  new. 

Syn.  Afresh.    Again.    Repeatedly. 
Ant.   Of  old.     Continuou^ly.     Uninier- 
ruptedly. 

Anfractuosity,  V.  An  for 
amhi,  and  frangerr,  fractas,  to 
break.  The  quality  of  being 
brolien  off  short,  or  about,  so  as 
to  produce  tlic  effect  of  needless 
coigncs  or  angles.  It  is  used  me- 
taplioricallv  of  style  of  speech. 

SvN.  Ambii^'ionsnes.-;.  Angularity.  T-t 
tuousness.  Ambiguity.  Circuinlocnti"!> 
Disjointcdness. 

Akt.    Siraightforward'i(<s.      Directncs* 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


29 


Plainness.     Simplicity.     Unmistakablencss. 
Pointedness.    i'lueiuy.    Lucidity.    Sruooth- 

ncss. 

Angelic,  wlj.  oyyeXo?,  cm 
hfdvenly  messfiinjcr.  Suggestive 
of  the  character  of  angels,  or 
their  state. 

SvN.  Pure.  Ethereal.  Spiritual.  Lovely. 
Heavenly.    Seraphic.    Rapturous.    Divine. 

Ant.  Foul.  Hideous.  l)a?momacaI.  Dia- 
bolical.   Hellish.    Fiendish. 

Anger,  n.  Lat.  anf/oi:  Is  a 
tight  compression,  esjiecially  of 
the  throat.  So  the  phrase, 
"  choking  with  rage."  Gr.  dyxeiv, 
fi)  s'lueeze. 

.  Svs.  Wrath.  Ire.  Resentment.  Indig- 
nation.   Rage.    Animosity.    Fury.    Choler. 

Akt.  Peace.  Peacefuluess.  Peaceable- 
ness.  Appeasement.  Forgiveness.  Patience. 
Forbearance.  Go<idwill.  Reconciliation. 
Cuiiciliatoriness.    Mildness. 

Angry,  a<//.    See  Anger. 

Stn.  Wrathful.  Irate.  Resentful.  In- 
dignant.   Passionate. 

Am.  Peaceful.  Forgiving.  Forbearing. 
Calm.    Good-tempered.    Unresentful. 

Anguish,  h.  Sec  Anger.  Ex- 
treme pain  of  body  or  mind. 

Sin.  Torture.  Excruciation.  Agony. 
Torment. 

Ant.  Ease.  Pleasure.  Enjoyment.  Ec- 
itasy.  Rapture.  Relief.  Assuagement, 
ioluce.    Comfort. 

Animadversion,  n.  Animum 
o.'loertere,  to  turn  the  mind  or  at- 
triition ;  but  by  usage  the  doing 
so  for  pui'poses  of  censure. 

Svn.  Censure,  Blame.  Disapproval.  Re- 
buke. 

Ant.  Praise.  Approval.  Encourage- 
ment.   Eulogy. 

Animate,  v.  tr.  Animus,  the 
mind  or  soul;  anima,  the  principle 
of  life.  Animation  is  the  having 
■ife,  or  the  having  it  emphatically 
and  demonstratively, 

.SyN.  Enliven.  Inspirit.  Icstigate. 
Prompt.    Incite.    Stimulate.    Stir. 

Ant.  Dishearten.  Deter.  Depress.  Cow. 
.Stifle.    Damp.    Deaden.    Discourage. 

Animated,  adj.  See  Animate. 
Picfers  to  a  state  which  may  be 
occasional  or  habitual. 


Syn.  Roused.  Excited.  Enlivened. 
Stirred.    Vivacious.    Lively.    Brisk. 

Ant.  Sluggish.  Indolent.  Indifferent. 
Dull.    Languid.    Flat.    Tame. 

Animation,  n.     See  Animate. 

Syn.  Life.  Liveliness.  Vivacity.  Chfer- 
fulness.  Briskness.  Alacrity.  Activity. 
Alertness. 

Ant.  E.xpiration.  Spiritlessness.  Dul- 
ness.  Dolelulness.  Deadness.  Stolidity, 
inertness. 

Animositt,  n.  Animosns  in 
Latin  meant  full  of  vigour  or 
courage ;  but  in  English  ani- 
mosity is  energetic  dislike  of 
persons.  It  is  not  so  transient 
and  violent  as  rage  or  anger,  but 
of  a  more  enduring  character, 
and  is,  therefore,  pertinent  not 
only  to  individuals,  as  objects  of 
dislike,  but  to  cases  in  whicli 
energetic  causes  of  disaffection 
exist,  witli  little  probability  of 
removal,  such  as  religion,  race, 
or  protracted  hostilities. 

Svn.  Hatred.  Antipathy.  Dissension. 
Aversion.  Acrimony.  Feud.  Strife.  Acer- 
bity.   Bitterness.    Hostility. 

Ant.  Congeniality.  Companionship. 
Friendship.  Sympathy.  Fellow-feeling. 
Unanimity.  Harmony.  Concord.  Alliance. 
Regard.    Kindliness. 

Annals,  n.  Lihri  annales 
annus.  Yearly  records.  Used 
also  for  consecutive  or  philo- 
sophical history,  to  which  strictly 
annals  are  precedent.  It  is  a 
rhetorical  expression  to  speak  of 
history  as  annals. 

Syn.  Chronicles.  Records.  Memorials. 
History.    Archives. 

Ant.  Tradition.  Legend.  Lays.  Ro- 
mance. 

Annex,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  nedere, 
to  knit. 

Syn.  Add.  Attach.  Append.  Unite. 
Fasten.    Afli.x. 

Ant.  Withdraw.  Detach.  Disconnect. 
Separate.    Disengage,    Disunite.    Remove. 

Annihilate,  v.  tr.  Ad  and 
nihil,  nothing.  To  make  a  thing 
be  as  if  it  had  never  been  (so  fax 


30 


Sijiionyms  and  Antonyms. 


as  this  may  be  possible),  to  bring 
•utterly  to  an  end. 

SvN.  Abolish.  Destroy.  Extingui^h. 
Obliterate.     Efface. 

AiNT.  Keep.  Conserve.  Treserve.  Foster. 
Tend.  Protest.  Cherish,  Develope.  Culti- 
vattf.     Augment.     Stabilitate.     I'erpetiiate. 

Annotation,  n.  Aunoturc, 
nota,  (I  murk.  To  set  a  mark 
against,  for  the  purpose  of  ob- 
servation and  critical  explana- 
tion. 

Sin.  Explanation.  Criticism.  Elucida- 
tion.   Observation.    Comment. 

Ant.  Statement.  Assertion.  Proposi- 
tion.   Xarrative.    Text. 

Announce,  v.  tr.  Aiimmtfdre, 
nuiitius,  a  messenger.  To  pro- 
claim a  thing  publicly ;  if  to  an 
individual,  a  character  of  im- 
portance if  not  publicity,  still 
attaches  to  the  tidings. 

SvN.  Declare.  Propound.  Reveal.  Herald. 
Proclaim.    Promulge.    Intimate. 

Ant.  Conceal.  Suppress.  Withhold. 
Hush.    Hurbe.    Stifle.    Shroud.     Bury. 

Annoy,  v.  tr.  Low  Lat.  inodi- 
<tre,fo  liurt,()'h'am.  Fr. ennui.  To 
hurt  by  continuous  olfeusiveness, 
as  distinguished  from  violent  or 
momentary  infliction  of  pain. 

Syn.  Tease.  Vex.  Irritate.  Affront. 
Disturb.  Molest.  Pain.  Disquiet.  Harass. 
Trouble.    Inconvenience. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Conciliate.  Appease. 
Quiet.  Accommodate.  Study.  Regard. 
Tend.    Foster.    Cherish.    Smooth.    Gratify. 

Annoyance,  ?i.     See  Annoy. 

Annul.  Jd  and  null  us.  To 
make  so  that  none  shall  be  af- 
fected. Said  peculiarly  of  laws, 
edicts,  rights,  and  customs. 

Syn.  Cancel.  Obliterate.  Abrogate. 
Abolish.    E.xtinguish. 

Ant.  Foster.  Protect.  Con.serve.  Main- 
tain. Confirm.  Enact.  Ke-enact.  Insti- 
tute.    Establish. 

Anomalous,  at//.  See  Anomaly. 

Anomaly,  n.  d,  iiot,  and  J/xaXof, 
reyidar. 

SiN.  IrreguLirity.  Exception.  Abnor- 
mity, hiforniality.  Peculluriiy.  l-xci.- 
Uicity. 


I        Ant. 
'  Specimen 


fniplificat'.r'Ti 


Anon,  adv.     Saxon.     In   one 
In  one  moment. 


SvN.  Soon.    Shortly.    Presently. 
AkT.  Hereafter. 


Anonymous,  adj. 


.„;!,  and 


Syv.  Nameless.    Authorless.  Unattested. 
I  Unauthenticated.    Unidentified. 

Ant.  Authenticated.  Attested.  Signed. 
Auihorized.     Verififd.     Identified. 

Answer,  v.  Germ,  ant'cvrf. 
A  word  set  against  another.  It 
would  depend  upon  circum- 
stances whether  it  was  so  set 
merely  in  reply,  or  in  argumen- 
tative or  hostile  contradiction,  or 
an  account  before  the  law  or  a 
superior. 

Syn.  Reply.  Response.  Counter-argu- 
ment. Coulutation.  Acceptance  (as  of  a 
challenge).  Tally.  Solution.  Counterpart. 
Vindication.  Apologj'.  Defence.  Excul- 
pation. 

Ant.  Challenge.  Question.  Defiance. 
Summons.     luleriogatioi].     Querj-. 

Answerable,  eidj.  Liable  to 
give  answer  in  the  sense  of  ac- 
count, and  also  having  suitable- 
ness or  correspondence. 

Syn.  Ijiable.  Amenable.  Accountable. 
Responsible.     Agreeing.     Correspondent. 

Ant.  Independent.  Unanswerable.  Ir- 
re.sponsible.  Different.  Unsuitable.  Dis- 
agreeing.    Dissimilar. 

Antagonism,  n.  See  Antago- 
nist. 

Syn.  Hostility.    Opposition.     Kimiity. 
Ant.  Amity.     Alliance.    Association. 

Antagonist,  «.  iivtI  and 
j  dywv,  the  contest  of  the  Greek 

games,  especially  wrestling. 
The  antagonist  is,  priruarily, 

one  pitted  against  another  for 
I  the  piirjwse  of  testing  their  re- 
jspective  skill  and  strength,  it 
{ lias  passed,  this  peculiarity  lit'iiig 
j  dropped,  into  the  general  seii.sc 
Of  opposition. 

Syn.  Adversary.  0pp..ii(ta.  l-W 
,  !;tii-uiy. 


Siinoni/ms  and  Ardonyms. 


AlfT.  Alder  Abettor.  Accomplice.  Ac- 
cessory.    Ally 

Antecedence,  n.  Ante,  hcfore, 
and  cederc,  to  ffo. 

In  usage,  antecedence  is  any 
i;oiDg  before,  in  order  of  time,  tiqi;e, 
place,  thought,  or  grammatical 
expression;  but  not  of  worth, 
dignity,  or  honour,  which  is  ex- 
jjressed  by  precedence. 

Syn.  Anteriority.  Priority.  Precursor- 
ship.  Premonition.  Preparation.  Pre-ex- 
Uteuce.     Introduction. 

Ant.  Posteriority.  Subsequence.  Suc- 
cession. Sequel.  Supervention.  Conse- 
quence. 

Antecedent,  aJj.  See  Ante- 
cedence. 

Antsrtor,  ct(Jj'.  Same  root. 
Ante,  anterior.  Like  antecedent, 
applies  to  priority  in  time,  place, 
and  idea. 

Syn  Prior.  Antecedent.  Preeursive. 
Precedent.  Earlier.  Introductory.  Pre- 
liminary.   Former. 

Ant.  Posterior.  Later.  Subsequent. 
Consequent.    Succeeding. 

Anticipate,  v.  tr.  Ante, 
he/ore,  and  arpcre,  to  take.  To 
take  in  the  mind  before  the  right 
time,  which  is  to  treat  prema- 
turely ;  to  take  it  in  reference  to 
its  appointed  time  of  coming, 
which  is  to  expect ;  also  to  take 
thought  beforehand,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  prevention. 

Syn.  Forestiil.  Expect.  Apprehend. 
Prepare.  Prearrange,  ^leet  Prevent.  Ob- 
viate.   Intercept. 

Ant.  Remember.  Recollect.  Recall. 
Remedy.    Undo.    Cure.    Misapprehend. 

Anticipation.  See  Antici- 
pate. 

SvN.  Forestalment.  Prevention.  Expect- 
ation. Awaiting.  Foresight.  Foreosst. 
I'lovision. 

Ant.  Surprise.  Unprcparedness.  Unex. 
peciedness. 


r.i 


Dislike.      Unton- 


SvN.    lu'pugnance. 
geniality.     Abhorrence. 

Ant.  Sympatliy.  Kindliness.  Con- 
geniality. Vellow-ieeling.  Affinity.  Har- 
mony. 


Antiquated,    adj.     See   An- 


SYiN.  Old-fashioned.  Bygone.  Obsolete. 
Quaint. 

Ant.  Faslilonable.  Modish.  Stylish. 
Modern. 

Antique,  adj.  Antiquus,  an- 
cient. 

As  ancient  is  that  which  gives 
the  impression,  as  well  as  pos- 
sesses the  nature,  of  antiquity 
(as,  the  ancient  world,  an  ancient 
family),  so  antique  is  that  which 
is  artistically  old,  as  antiquated 
is  socially  old  or  out  of  date. 

Syn.  Archaic.    Ancient.    Ancestral. 
Ant.  Modern.    New-fangled. 

Anxiety,  n.  See  Anger.  A 
wearisome  anticipation  of  things 
to  come,  or  the  issues  of  present 
things. 

Syn.  Care,  Trouble.  Eagerness.  Ap- 
prehension. Diffidence.  Solicitude.  Care- 
fulness.    Misgiving. 

Ant.  Carelessness.  Ease.  Contentment. 
Acquiescence.  Confidence.  Contentedness*. 
Apathy.    Light-heartedness.    No:27lialance 

Anxious,  adj.    See  Anxiety. 

Apace,  adv.  Pace.  Fassi's. 
A  step  or  interval  between  the 
raising  and  planting  of  the  same 
foot  in  walking. 

Syn.  Rapidly.  Fast.  Eagerly.  Astride. 
Ahead.    Expeditiously.    Speedily. 

Ant.  Slowly.  Imperceptibly.  Leisurely 
Creepingly.  Crawlingly.         Sluggishly 

Tardily. 

Apart,  adv.  A  and  jmrtiri, 
pant,  to  separate. 

SvN.  Aloof.    Away.    Separate.    Asunder 
Ant.  Close.    Together.     United. 

Apathy,  n.    a,  not,  and  7ra^(n, 
.  >    >  •    J  I  feelinq.      Used  not  of   physical 

Antipathy,  ».     avr.,  "^"""^'^  1  Ws.  which  is   expressed  b. 


and  TvaBoi,  j'mVuKj.  A  natural, 
often  unexplainable,  feeling  of 
dislike  to  another. 


insensibility. 

SvN.  liiditlVrencp.    Insensibility.    In 
np-'l ny      fl--l;ti'ide.    SUiggishu  si. 


Sijnoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


particular  defence  of  one's  own 
conduct  or  opinions;  or,  o,  in 
acknowledging  inadvertency  vr 
wrong  shown  by  one's  self  ti» 
some  other. 


32 

Ant.  Anxiety.  Care.  Eagerness.  In- 
tevestedness.  Sensibility.  SusceptibiUty. 
Sensitiveness.    Irritability.    Curiosity. 

Aphorism,  n.  otto  and  opl^eiv, 
/.,  hound.     Comp.     Horizon.     A 

sharply-defining  sentence  or  pro-    """svl-_    defence.     Justification.     Vindica. 
verb    of    law    or    morals,   not    of  ;  tion.     Acknowledgment-    Confession 
,       .  ,,  j.-„„  Ant.    Charge.      Imputation.       Offence 

i>hysics  or  mathematics. 

Syn.  Adage.  Proverb.  Maxim.  Apo- 
thegm.    Saying. 

AST.  Lecture.  E.\hortation.  Disserta- 
tion.   Disquisition. 

Apiece,  adv.    A  and  piece. 

Stn.  Distribulively.  Individually.  Sever- 
ally.   Separately.    Analytically.  _ 

"Ant.  Collectively.  Together.  Indis- 
criminately. Confusedly.  Accumulatively. 
>ynthetically. 

Apocalypse,  n.  atro  and  Ka- 
AvTTTeiv,  to  take  away  that  ivhich 

hides. 

Srs.  Revelation.  Disclosure.  Unveiling. 
Exposure.  Manifestation.  Exhibition.  Di- 
vestment. 

AST.  Concealment.  Suppression.  Veil 
ing.      Shrouding.      Obscuration.       Eclipse 

velopment 


Ant.  Charge."  Imputation.  Offenci 
Incrimination.  Impeachment.  Accusation 
Wrong.    JnsuU,    Injury. 

Apothegm,  v.  So  now  spelt. 
Strictly  apophthegm,  dnb,  forth, 
and  (jiOeyna,  a  saying.  The  Greek 
of  the  Latin  proverbium.^  A  con- 
densed expression  of  wisdom  or 
experience. 

Syx.  Proverb.  Dictum.  Maxim,  Saw. 
Saying.    Adage. 

Ant.  (as  not  so  condensed).  Exhortation. 
Sermon.  Discourse.  Disquisition.  Exhort- 
ation. 

Appal,  v.  fr.  Appallescere,  to 
grow  pale  (with  fear).  Comp.  En,-;. 
jKile ;  or,  to  cause  to  pall  or  fail. 

Syn." Affright.  Alarm.  Terrify.  Scare. 
I  Horrify.    Dismay.     Astound. 


Ant.  Encourage, 
assure.    Emboldetu 


Rally.    Assure.     Re- 


Apocryphal,  adj.  cnvoKpinrtiv, 
to  conceal.     That  of  which  the 

.origin,  authorship,  authority,  or  Apparel,  «.     Siutable  cover 

i-ufhenticity,  is  unknown.  ing  or  clothes  fitting  to  the  per 

Syn.  Obscure.    Doubtful.   Unauthorized.  sOU.    From  par,  equal,  Clim.  par 

Cnaullientic.     Spurious.    Unauthenticated.  ^^^l^^^^  qj.  cipparave,  to  prepare 

■unverified.  '        ^ /-n...! —      "d..i^^.^.     Vcicttim 

Ant.  Palpable.    Accepted.    Authorized. 
.Authentic.    Genuine.   Current.   Undisputed. 


Verified.    Attested 

Apologue,  n.  drrb,  from  or 
■forth,  and  \6yos,  a  speech.  Is  the 
Greek  word  for  the  Latin  fable, 
though  in  its  formation  it  corre- 
epoucls  more  exactly  with  pro- 
verhiuni. 

Syn.  Kable.    Fiction.    Parable. 

AST   Precept.    History.    Narrative. 

Apology,  n.  Same  derivation, 
but  differently  applied.  .,..<.. .      ^      . 

All     ir>ril(io-v  is    n     sneech    nut  '  ""'^takable.      Clear.      Probable.      Seeming. 
,    'V     '^P?'"?^y  li^    ^    ^1^^^^",.  ^I'j  1'resi.mable.    Likely.  Patent.  Ostensible. 
l(jrth :   this   is   the  essence  OI   tne  j        .^^t,   uncertain.    Dubious.     Innpp-irent 
word.      But    for   what    purpo.se?     inconspicuous.  Y'jiule.  UuoUserv-iW,-.   Im- 

This  is  contingent.     It  may  be,   P-^'^^"'-   i"-PP-«we.  Hidden.   Real. 
I,  generally  in  defence ;  or,  2,  in 


Syn.  Clothes.  Robes.  Vesture.  Vest- 
ments. Raiment.  Garniture.  ITappings. 
Housings.    Caparison. 

Ant.  Nudiiy.  Disinvostiture.  Deshabille. 
Tatters.    Rags. 

Apparent,  adj.  Appareo,  1 
appear.  Appearing  plainly  or 
appearing  probably.  In  usage 
it  is  equally  divided  between  the 
palpable  and  the  questionable. 
Tlie  adverb  apparently  admits 
the  sense  of  questiouableness  yet 
more  strongly. 

Sy-n.  Obvious.    Plain    Conspicuous.  Un- 


Appeal,  v.  int.  Jppdlare.  1.  To 


Si/)W}vjms  aid  Antomjms. 


Mariifesta- 
Likelihood. 


Non- 
Unlikelihooi 


speak  in  request  or  entreaty  to 
another.  Used  witli  the  prep,  to, 
ss,  invoking  aid  or  interference. 

Si'X.  j\ccost.  Adiiress.  Apostrophize. 
Invite.  Cite.  Invoke.  Urge.  Eiurcat. 
Request     Hesort. 

A^T.  Deprecite.  Repudiate.  Protest. 
Disavow.    Disclaim.    Defy.    Alijure. 

Appearance,  ».  See  Apparent. 
The  presentation  of  an  object  to 
the  eye;  the  oliject  so  repre- 
sented; its  general  character, 
and  the  ideas  or  indications 
which  it  may  suggest,  as  in  the 
phrases  :  '  he  made  his  appear- 
ance ;'  *  his  personal  appearance ;' 
'  an  ngly  appearance ;'  '  to  all  ap- 
i:)earance.' 

Syn.   Advent.     Apparition, 
tion.      Probability.       Aspect. 
Presumption. 

AST.  Departure.    Disappearance, 
appearance.      Concealment. 
Kvanitioru 

Appkasb,  V.  tr.  Appaiser,  Fr. 
pair,  Lat.  jmx,  peace. 

It  is  applied  to  the  abatement 
of  the  wants  or  passions  of  men. 

Syn.  Pacify.  Assuage.  Mitigate.  Mo- 
derate.   Satisfy.    Stay.    Allay.    Soften. 

Ant.  Excite.  Provoke.  Aggravate.  In- 
flame. Exasperate.  Embitter.  Incense, 
intensify.    Stimulate.    Kindle. 

Appellation,  ??.  See  Appeal. 
The  name  by  which  a  person  or 
object  is  addressed  or  called. 

Sra.  Name.  Patronymic.  Designation. 
Title.    Denomination.    Term. 

Ant.  Namelessness.  Non-description. 
Anonymousness. 

Append,  Appendage,  Appen- 
dix. Appeiidere.  To  hang  one 
thing  on  to  another.  To  fasten, 
as  by  a  string ;  hence,  to  add  as 
an  appendage.  Appendix,  for 
the  sake  of  distinction,  is  used 
for  the  appendage,  supplement, 
or  index  of  a  liook. 

Sys.  to  verb.  A£B.\.  Supplement.  Sub- 
Join.    Attach. 

Ant.    Separate.       Disengage.       Detach. 


83 


Syn.  tc  rtouv.  Addition.  Annexation 
Adjunct.    Supplement. 

Ant.  Subtract  ion.  Disconnection.  De- 
tachment. Separation.  Disjunction.  Divs 
slon.    Incorporation.    A  rc&iganiation. 

Appetitk,  «.  Ad  and  pcferc 
to  seek.    Propensity  of  nature. 

Stn.  Passion.  Desire.  Propensity.  Pro- 
clivity. IncUnatiop.  Propension.  Want. 
Craving.  Dispositio.^  Tendency.  Prone- 
ness. 

Ant.  Repugnance.  Aversion.  Anti- 
pathy.   Loathing.    Indifference.    Apathy 

Applaud,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  plau- 
dere,  to  clap  the  hands.  To  praise, 
but  on  the  pure  ground  of  ap- 
proval. So  we  applaud  acts, 
words,  sentiments,  performances, 
motives — in  short,  things  good; 
not  the  aristocratic,  the  power- 
ful, or  the  beautiful. 

Syn.  Laud.  Praise.  Approve.  En- 
courage.   Cheer. 

Ant.  Disapprove.  Denounce.  Censure. 
Decry.    Execrate. 

Applause,  v.    See  Applaud. 

Syn.  Praise.  liaudatiou.  Acclamation. 
Eulogy.    Approval. 

Ant.  Oblociuy.  Condemnation.  Denun- 
ciation. Dissatisfaction.  Censure.  Con. 
tempt.    Blame.    Vituperation.    Sibllation. 

Appliance,  ??.    See  Apply. 

Stn.  Contrivance.  Arrangement.  Means 
Mechanism.     Agency. 

Ant.  Spontaneity.  Growth.  Productloa 
Evolution.    Development. 

Applicable,  adj.    See  Apply. 

SrN.  Available.  Useful.  Convenient. 
Appropriate.  Pertinent.  Conducive.  An- 
cillary. 

Ant.  Useless.  Unavailable.  Incondu- 
clve.    Inapplicable.    Irrelevant. 

Application,  n.  See  Apply 
and  Dihgence. 

Apply,  v.  To  fold  upon.  Ad 
plicare.  Comp.  Ply  and  Display, 
which  is  to  unfold.  Employ  to 
enfold  upon  one's  own  purpose. 
To  adduce,  in  the  most  broad 
and  generic  sense,  with  a  purely 
physical  or  moral  object,  as,  to 
apply  a  blister,  or  a  sum  of 
money  to  a  charitable  purpose, 


34 


Sf/nonyms  and  Aidonj/rhS. 


or  evidence  to  a  case,  or  one's  I 
self  to  studj-.  It  is  used  also  in- 
transitively, as  in  the  sense  of 
making  application,  or  showing 
it  in  the  sense  of  diligence.  Ap- 
pliance is  used  for  contrivance 
or  mechanical  application;  and 
applicable,  in  the  sense  of  suit- 
able. 

SYN.  To  Apply.  Adduce.  Use.  Employ. 
Devote.    Exercise.    Apportion.    Direct. 

Akt.  Disuse.  Divorce.  Discard.  Super- 
sede. Alienate.  Remove.  Misapply.  Mis- 
direct. Divert  Misappropriate.  Misem- 
ploy. 

Appoint,  v.  tr.  Ad  ptmdum 
(lucere,  to  bring  to  a  point.  A 
point  of  order,  so  to  establish ;  of 
office,  so  to  instal ;  of  agreement, 
so  to  fix ;  of  vise  or  preparation, 
so  to  furnish. 

S\-x.  Fix.  Determine.  Instal.  Institute. 
Apportion.  Apply.  Employ.  ]>signate. 
Assign.  Intrust.  Invest.  Ordain.  Ar- 
range. 

Airr.  Reverse.  Cancel.  Recall.  Re- 
serve. Withdraw.  Withhold.  Retain. 
Suspend.    Undo.    Disarrange.     Disapp<.>int. 

Apportion,  v.  tr.  Portio,  por- 
tionare.  To  distribute  according 
to  proportion  to  one  or  more. 

Six.  Assign.  Deal.  Craiit.  Dispense. 
Administer.    Distribute.    Appoint. 

AxT.  Reserve.  Retain.  Refuse.  With- 
hold. Assume.  Ttesume.  Cancel.  Suspend. 
Divert.     Reapportion.     Reappoint. 

Apportionment,  n.  See  Ap- 
portion. 

Apposite,  0(7/'.  Ad  andjwnere, 
positus,  placed.  Well  suited  or 
set 

Sra.  Suitable.  Appropriate.  Timely 
Congruous,    (^onsi^teut.    Pertinent.    Fii. 

AxT.  Untimely.  Irrelevant.  Imperti- 
nent. Unfitting.  Jlistimed.  MispUced. 
Jlls-spoken.    Inappropriate.    Misjudged. 

Appraise,  v.  tr.  Appretiare, 
pretium.  To  set  a  value  uixtn. 
.Sometimes  written  apprize,  which 
tends  to  confusion  with  another 
word  of  diiferent  derivation  and 
meaning,  to  apprise,  Fr.  up- 
prer^re,  to  inform. 


Sts.  Value.    Survey.    Estimate.    Pricei 
AsT.  Undervalup.   'Discard.     Condemn. 
Brand,    aiisappreciate.    Misestimate. 

Appreciate,  v.  tr.  Same  de- 
rivation as  appraise ;  but  mean- 
ing to  set  not  a  value  simply, 
but  such  a  value  as  one  is  lx)uncl 
in  reason  to  recognize. 

Syn".  Esteem.  Recogulze.  Acknowledge. 
Respect.     Value. 

Akt.  Undervalue.  Misconceive.  Jlis- 
Judge.    Ignore.    Misappretiate. 

Apprehend,  v.  fr.  Ad  and 
prehendfl,  J  grasp  in  tlie  hands. 

In  this  sense  it  is  now  con- 
fined to  the  legal  arrest  of  per- 
sons. To  grasp  witli  the  mind, 
as  a  matter  of  understanding, 
belief,  or  anticipation,  and  es- 
pecially of  coming  danger. 

Srs.  Comprehend.  UniKTstand.  Expert. 
Fear.  Conceive.  Anticipate.  Presume. 
Conjecture. 

AST.  Ignore.  Miss.  Lose.  Misconceive 
Misapprehend.  Misconjecture.  Misautici> 
pate. 

Apprehension,  n.  See  Ap- 
prehend. 

Apprize,  v.  tr.  Fr.  apprendre. 
See  Apprehend.  To  grasp.  Ee- 
fiexively,  to  cause  another  to 
grasp  or  know  a  thing. 

S«.  Infonii.  Advise.  Advertise.  Ac- 
quaint.   Enlighten. 

Ant.  Hoodwink.  Mystify.  Deceive 
Mislead. 

Approach,  «.  Fr.  proche,  Lat. 
prope,  nmr.  Used  for  the  state, 
the  act,  and  the  way,  of  ap- 
proaching. 

I  SvN.  Access.  Adit.  Avenue.  Entrance. 
Vestibitle.  Arrival.  Advent.  Approxima- 
tion. Nearing.  Appropinqualion.  Simi- 
larity. 

AxT.  Exit  li^n^ss.  lU-bonchare.  Out- 
let Departure.  Recessiim.  Distance.  Di- 
versity.   Disparity. 

Approbation,  rt.  Approbare, 
to  jtrove,  or  approri/. 

S\~s.  Approval.  Praise.  SatisfacSca 
Encouragement.  Confirmaliun.  Aoce 


Sj/noni/ms  and  Aniomjms. 


35 


Ant.  Disapproval.  Censure.  Blame. 
Dissatisfaction.  Discouragem°nt.  Repu- 
diation. Protest.  Denial.  Kefu^^al.  Dis- 
claimer. Disavowal.  Disparity.  Dissimilarity. 

Approximate,  v.  int.  Prox- 
imui^,  very  near.  To  come  close, 
ia  fact,  appearance,  character, 
.signification. 

Syn.  Approach.  Border.  Abut,  lle- 
semble.    Near.    Trench. 

AxT.  Separate.  Difler.  Vary.  Diverge. 
Recede.    Deviate. 

Appurtenant,  a'JJ.  Ad  and 
pertineir,  to  be/on;/. 

Sts.  Belonging.  Connected.  Appro- 
priate. Appended.  Attached.  Co-ordinate. 
Cuncnniitunt.    Homogeneous. 

Akt.  Unconnected.  Disconnected.  In- 
.ippropriate.  Detached.  Isolated.  Incon- 
gruous. Unallied.  Unrelated.  Independent. 
Heterogeneous. 

Apt,  adj.  Aptus,  fit.  By  na- 
ture or  contrivance. 

Si-N.  Fit.  Apposite.  Clever.  Liable. 
Likely. 

Ant.  Unfitted.  Ill-timed.  Awkward. 
Unlikely.     Inapt. 

Aptitude,  n.    See  Apt. 

Stn.  Fitness.  Suitableness.  Liability. 
Readiness.  Quickness.  Cleverness.  Sus- 
ceptibility.   Tendency.    Proneness. 

Amt.  Unfitness.  Unsuitableness.  Insus- 
ceptibility. Slowness.  Stupidity.  Awk- 
wardness.    Unreadiness. 

Arbiter,  «.  Same  word  in  Lat. 

Arbiter  is  much  the  same  as 
moderator  or  director.  Arbitra- 
tor is  one  called  in  to  settle  spe- 
cific disputes  or  diflferences. 

Syx.  Arbitrator.  .Tudge.  Umpire.  Mo- 
derator.    Director.     Keleree. 

Ant.  Appellant.  Claimant.  Disputant. 
Litigant. 

Arbitrary,  adi.     See  Arbiter. 

Used  of  a  tendency  to  abuse 
the  possession  of  po'\\'er.  So 
harsh  and  unforbearing. 

S™.  Tyrannical.  Despotic.  Harsli.  Dic- 
tatorial. Imperious.  Unforljearing.  Over- 
bearing.   Selfish.    Irresponsible. 

Akt.  Mild.  Modest.  Lenient.  Consi- 
derate. Obliging.  Limited.  Constitutional. 
iSquitable. 

Abbitrate,  V.  int.  and  tr.  See 
Arbiter. 


S^-K.  Settle.  Adjust.  Decide.  Compose 
Determine.    Accommodate.     A(^udicatl^ 

Ant.  Dispute.  Claim.  Appeal.  Lit:- 
gate.    Contend.    Misjudge.    Misdetermiiic. 

Archaic,  apxaiKos,  ancient.  See 
Ancient. 

Ardent,  adj.    Ardere,  to  hum, 
SvN- Longing.  Passionate.  Warm.  Eagef. 
Fervent.    Excited.    Fiery. 

Ant.  Cool.  Cold.  Indifferent.  Apa- 
thetic. Dispassioned.  Passionless.  Unim- 
passioned.    Phlegmatic.    Platonic. 

Ardour,  n.    See  Ardent. 

Arduous,  adj.  Arduas,  steep, 
lofty,  or  difficult  of  access.  Used 
metaphorically  of  difficult  under- 
takings. 

Syn.  Difficult.  Hard.  Onerous.  La- 
borious.   Steep.     Precipitous.    l..olty. 

Ant.  Easy.  Practicable  Unlaborious. 
Light.    Trivial. 

Argue,  v.  int.  Argnere,  to 
treat  by  reason.  It  is  sometimes 
used  in  the  active  sense  of  to 
prove ;  as,  '  such  conduct  argues 
wetxkness.' 

Si-N.  Discuss.  Debate.  Question.  Prove. 
Evidence.  Establish.  Imply.  Sift.  Dis- 
pute.   Persuade. 

Ant.  Dictate.  Assert.  Propound.  Command. 

Argument.    See  Argue. 

Arid,  adj.     Aridvs. 

S'i'N.  Dry.  Parched.  Sterile.  Unpro- 
ductive. 

Ant.  Moist.  Dewy.  AVatered.  Fertile, 
Luxuriant.  Exuberant.  Verdant.  Bloom- 
ing.   Productive. 

Aright,  adv.  According  to- 
the  right  way.  Eectus,  strair/ht. 
Applied  physically  and  morally. 

Syn.  Right.  Well.  Rightly.  Truly. 
Correctly.  Properly.  Uprightly.  Unex- 
ceptionably. 

Ant.  AVrongly.  Awry.  Incorrectly.  Im- 
properly.   Defectively.    Erroneously. 

Arm,  V.  tr.  Lat.  Arma,  arms, 
implements. 

Syn.  Equip.    (Jird.     Accoutre.    Array. 
Ani.  I)isarm.   L'ngird.  Disarray.  Divest 

Around,  adv.  and  prep.  A  and 
round.  From  Lat.  rotundus,  rota^ 
a  wheel.     Comp.  Eotund. 

SiT*.  About.    Environing.    Encircliiig. 
Aa"T   Wit'.in.    Amid.    A  iiong. 


3G 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Eoiise. 


Arouse,  v.  tr.    Sax 
Connected  with  raise. 

Syn.  Stir.  Excite.  Disturb.  Awaiceu. 
Alarm.  ,,.^.     .        r,, 

AST.  Allav.  Assuage.  Mitigate.  Pa- 
cify.   Compose.    Moderate.    StilL    Quiet. 

Arraign,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  ru- 
tionare,  ratio,  or  reason.  To  call 
to  account  before  some  anthority 
or  tribunal. 

Stn.  Summon.      A'-ouse.      Indict.     Im- 

^*Ant.  Acqtiit.    Condone.     Release.    Dis- 
charge 


Arrange-  v.  tr.    Supposed  to  !  gance 
be  from  ad  and  arena,  whence  |      ^vx.  Claim, 
ring,  rank,  range.    To  order  on  u 
given  ground  or  space,  as  troops 
on  a  field.    Afterwards  to  set  m 
order.     But  comp.  Fr.  rang. 

SvN  Order.  Range.  Locate.  Dispose. 
Assort.    Deal.    Sort.    Parcel.    Classify. 

Akt  Derange.  Disarrange.  Confound. 
. Contuse'.  Disturb.  Disperse.  Jumble.  Dis- 
order. 

Arrangement,  n.  See  Ar- 
,  range. 

Arrant,  adj.  Fr.  Errant, 
■  meaning  vagabond.  As  an  ad- 
verb, intensifying  reproach. 

Syx.  Veritable.  Unqualified.  Utter.  In- 
famous.    Emphatic. 

Ant.  Suspicious.  Slight.  Mitigated. 
Likely. 

Arrat,  5?.  Is  said  to  be  fr9m 
the  same  root  as  Arrange,  which 
.!ief.  It  has  the  additional  sense  of 
clothe.     But  comp.  It.  arredure. 

Stn.  Vest.  Equip.  Accoutre.  Deco- 
rate.    Invest.     Attire. 

AKT.  Disarray.    Divest.     Denude.    Strip. 

Arrest,  ('.  iir.     LowLat.  on-es- 

iare. 


Sts.  Reach.    Attain.    Land. 
AST.  Embark.    Depart.    Start. 

Arrogance,  n.  Arrocjare,  to 
claim  to  onts-stlf.  Such  a  habit 
of  mind  and  manner  as  seems  to 
abuse  the  deference  of  others  by 
claiming  more  than  one's  due. 

Si-N-  Haughtiness.  Contemptuousness. 
Overbearingness.  Brow-beating.  Assump- 
tion.   Hauteur.    Insolence.    Discourtesy 

A-NT.  Bashfulness.  Servility.  Considerate- 
ness.  Deference.  Courtesy.  Shyness.  Mo- 
desty.   Diffidence.    PoUteuess. 

Arrogate,  v.  tr.     See  Arro- 


_  "Vindicate.  Assert. 

Demand.  „    .         „ „ 

AxT.  Forego.  Waive.  Resign.  Surren- 
der.   Abandon.    Disclaim. 

Artful,  adj.  Ars,  from,  apa>, 
to  fit.  Art  is  the  adaptation  of 
nature  by  science  to  practical 
purposes,  or  the  faculty  of  doing 
so,  namely,  skill.  In  a  lower 
sense,  cimmng  is  expressed  by 
artful.  ^^       -, 

Sv>-.  Cunning.  Designing.  Sharp.  Ma- 
noeuvring.    Knowing.    Crafty.    Wily.    bly. 

Ant.  Simple.  Undesigning.  Open. 
Artless.  Innocent.  Unsophisticated. 

Artifice,?!,    .see  Artful. 

Sre.  Manoeuvre.      Contrivance.     TncK. 

Ant.  Fairness.  Candour.  Openness 
I  Simplicity. 

Artificial,  adj.  As  opposed 
to  natural,  produced  by  art; 
also  false  or  assumed,  as  the 
effect  of  artifice.  ^^  u  •   .^ 

Syx  Invented.  Fictitious.  Fabncated. 
Concocted.  Contrived.  Deceptive.  Artful. 
Affected.     Unnatural.      Constrained.     As- 

KKST,'../.      -^"-"  r-y    ■■,  -;^     ^"""^^-r    Natural.      Inarttficial.      Genuine. 
To  cause  suddenly  to  stop,    spon^neou^    Transp^irent.     Artless.    Un- 
eSDeciallV  by  force  of  law.  affected,  see  ArtfuL 

^VK   Seize.    Hold.    Detain.    Apprehend. 
Ant.  Release.    Dismiss.   Liberate,    Free. 
Discharge.     Expedite. 

Arrival,  n.    -SVe  Arrive. 

Arrive,  v.  int.  Ad  and  ripa, 
fl,  bank.  To  touch  the  bank,  to 
arrive  phy&ically  or  mentally  at 
a  point. 


Ascend,  v.  int.    Ascendere. 

Syn   Rise.    :Mount.    Soar. 
Axt.  Fall.    Descend.    Sink. 

Ascendancy,".  Fromascend- 
Elevation  or  superiority  of  po- 
sition. -,  ._„ 

Syv.  Superiority.  Advantage.  Mastery 
Control    Influence.    Supremacy. 


Sijnonifins  and  Anionijms. 


37 


AST.  Inferiority.  Disadvantage.  Suli- 
jectiou.  Depression.  Humiliaiiou.  Servi- 
tude.   Subordination. 

Ascertain,  v.  tr.  Cemere,  to 
discern.  Ctrtus.  To  bring  to 
clearness  or  certainty,  as  the  re- 
sult of  investigation. 

SvN.  Prove.  Verify.  Discover.  Con- 
firm. 

Ant.  Guess.  Conjecture.  Surmise.  Sup- 
pose.   Presume. 

AsciTiTious,  adj.  See  Adsci- 
titious. 

Ascribe,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  scribere, 
to  lurite.  To  account  for  one 
thing  by  another,  as  its  cause  or 
the  subject  in  which  it  recedes, 
or  to  wliich  it  appertains. 

SvN.  Assign.  Attribute.  Refer.  Im- 
pute.   Rendsr. 

Ant.  Deny.  Refuse.  Exclude.  Disso- 
ciate.   Disconnect.    Dissever. 

Askant,  adv.  Dutch.  Conn, 
with  Squint. 

Stn.  Awry.  Askew.  Obliquely.  As- 
quint.   Aslant. 

Ant.  Straightforwards.  Rectilineally. 
Ahead.    Forwards.    Straight. 

Aspect,  n.  Aspicere,  to  look. 
The  exposed  or  presented  side  of 
things,  persons,  or  ideas. 

Six.  Front.  Face.  Phase.  Side.  Ap- 
pearance.    Presentation.     Exhibition.    Ex- 


Asperity,  n.  AsjKr,  rough. 
Hence  by  analogy  roughness  of 
sound  or  taste,  and  metaphori- 
cally harshness  and  disagreeable- 
ness  of  feeling,  character,  or 
maimer. 

SvN.  Acerbity.  Harshness.  Acrimony. 
Bitterness.  Sharpness.  Sourness.  Rough- 
ness. 

Ant.  Mildness.  Softness.  Sweetness. 
Gentleness.     Pleasantness.    Smoothness. 

AsPEESr,  V.  <r.  Asperger e,a!iper- 
sus,  to  sprinhh.  By  usage,  to  be- 
sprinkle with  ill  words  or  be- 
spatter with  slander. 

Stn.  Slander.  Calumniate.  Besoatter. 
Befoui    Defy.    Attaclt.    Defame.    Vilify. 


Ant.  Clear.  Defend.  Kulnpize.  Vin- 
dicate. Uphold.  Shelter.  Shield.  Prilse. 
Laud.    E.Ktol. 

Aspiration,  n.  Ad  and  ^pi- 
rare,  to  breathe  or  sigh.  A  long- 
ing desire  after  a  higher  object. 

SvN.  Longing.  Desire.  Aim.  Hope. 
Ambition.  Appetition.  Effort.  Endeavour 
Eagerness. 

Ant.  Apathy.  Indifference.  Aimless- 
ness.  Dulness.  Jnertia.  C.iUuusness. 
Carelessness.  Aversion.  Avoidance.  Re- 
jection.   Repudiation. 

Assail,  v.  tr.  See  Assault. 
Fr.  AssaiUir.  Lat.  Satire,  to 
leap. 

Assault,  «.  Assault  is  an 
active  and  violent  attack  by 
words  or  deeds;  a  recourse  to 
violence. 

Syn.  Attack.  Onset.  Aggression.  On- 
slaught. 

Ant.  Defence.  Resistance.  Repulsion. 
Retaliation.  Undermining.  Sapping.  Stra- 
tagem. 

Assay,  v.  tr.  and  int.  From 
exagium,  a  balance.  Ex  and 
agere,  to  bring  out  the  weight  of  a 
thing.  Com.  Examen  for  exag- 
men,  whence  examination. 

Stn.  Try.    Endeavour.    Prove.    Test. 
Ant.  Siu'vey.    Conjecture.    Guess.    Scan 

Assemble,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Assembly. 

Assembly,  n.  Ad  and  simu- 
lare,  from  simid,  to  bring  toge- 
ther.    Fr.  Assemble,  ensemble. 

SvN.  Meeting.  Assemblage.  Concourse. 
Gathering.  Convention.  Union.  Aggre- 
gate. 

Ant.  Dispersion.  Dissipation.  Disrup- 
tion.   Disunion. 

Assent,  n.  Assentire.  Sentio, 
I  feel,  or  think. 

S\-N.  Agreement.  Coincidence.  Concert. 
Acknowledgment.  Acquiescence.  Approval 

Ant.  iJisseiit.  Disagreement  Differ- 
ence. Disiivowal.  Repudiation.  I'eclen- 
sion.     Disclaimer.     Protest. 

Absent,  v.  int.    See  Assent,  k, 

ASSBBT,  V.  tr.     Ad  and  serere, 

to    weave  or  bind.       To    bind   & 


Srjnonyiis  and  Antonyms. 


38 


statement  on  to  a  thing,  to  declare 
plainlj'  or  strongly,  as  to  assert  a 
Tight. 

Stk.  Asseverate.  Declare.  Pronounce. 
Depose.  MainUiii.  State.  Aver.  Avow. 
Avouch. 

Ant.  Deny.  Contradict.  Contravene. 
Waive.    Abandon. 

Asseverate,  ^k  fr.  To  assert 
Btrongly.  Possi1)ly  from  severus, 
as  it  were  a  rigid  statement,  but 
more  probably  a  corruption  of 
separair,  a  distinct  and  specific 
assertion. 

^^jsee  Assert. 

AesiDinTY,  71.  All  and  sedere, 
to  sit.  The  long  and  close  sitting 
to  a  task. 

Si-K.  Attention.  Perseverance.  Pains. 
Patience.  E.Kertion.  Labour.  Application. 
Effort.  Intcntness.  Constancy.  Sedulous- 
ness.    Diligence. 

Ant.  Indolence.  Remissness.  Desultori- 
ness.    Inattention.    Inconstancy. 

Assiduous,  ndj.  See  Assiduity. 

Assign,  ;'.  tr.  Ad  sk/>wm,  a 
marl-.  To  mark  out,  specify,  or 
intrust,'  as  to  assign  a  caiise,  or 
to  assign  the  custody  of  a  thing 
to  a  person. 

SvK.  Attribute.  Apportion.  Refer.  Spe- 
cify.   Consign.    Intrust.    Commit. 

AsT.  Withhold.  Withdraw.  Retain. 
Resume.    Refuse.    Disconnect.    Dissociate. 

Assimilate,  v.  ir.  Ad  and 
similis,like.  To  liken ;  that  is, 
either  in  the  mind  by  comparison, 
or  physically  by  incorporation. 

SvN."  Compare.  Liken.  Match.  Engros.s. 
Identify.  Incorporate.  Absorl.\  Appro- 
priate. 

Akt.  Separate.  Segregate.  Part.  Con- 
trast.   Reject. 

Assistance,  n.  Ad  hy,  and 
sister e,  to  stand. 

SvN.  Help.  Aid.  Cotuitenance.  Sup- 
port. Abetlance.  Protection.  Maiuie- 
nance.    Ooa4)utorship. 

Akt.  Resistance.  Obstruction.  Counter- 
action. Opposition.  Antagonism.  Draw- 
back.    Clog.    Preyenti\c'. 

ASSOCIATH    V.  tr.     Socins.     A 


companion    habitually    and    on 
equal  terms. 

Syn.    Companion.       Ally.       Coadjutor. 
Friend.   Consort.  Comrade.   Partner.    Help- 
mate. 
ANT.  Rival.    Alien.    Foe.    Antagonist 

Association,  ft.  See  Asso- 
ciate. Has  the  meaning  of  the 
process,  and  also  the  result,  of 
bringing  together  into  alliance  a 
companionship.  It  is  used  of 
mental  as  well  as  material  things, 
and  of  two  or  more. 

Sw.  Union.  Connection.  Conjunction. 
Consortment.  Companionsliip.  Alliance. 
Familiarity.  Friendship.  Community.  Mem- 
bership.   Society.    Company. 

Akt.  Disunion.  Disconnection.  Estrange- 
ment. Separation.  Severance.  Avoidance 
Independence.  Disruption.  Dismember- 
ment.   SoUtude.     Individuality. 

Assuage,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  suavis, 
sweet.  To  soften,  as  grief  or 
rage. 

Sin.  Mitigate.  Soothe.  Soften.  Con 
sole.     Moderate.    Pacify.    Lenify. 

Ant.  E.xasperate.  Excite.  Increase. 
Stimulate.  Incite.  Provoke.  Inflame. 
Embitter.    Aggravate. 

Assuagement,  n.  See  As- 
suage. 

Assume,  v.  tr.  Ad-Mi^sumere, 
to  take.  To  take  to  one's-self, 
either  simply  so,  or  for  the  sake 
of  appearance ;  or  mentally  as  a 
thing  proved,  though  as  yet  it  be 
uncertain. 

Syn.  Take.  Appropriate.  AVcar.  Ex- 
hibit.   Postulate.    Suppose.    Presume. 

Ant.  Render.  Surrender.  Concede. 
Grant.  Allow.  Waive.  Doff.  Abandon. 
Argue.    Demonstrate.    Prove. 

Assumption,  n.  See  A.ssume, 
with  the  additional  sense  of 
pride,  arrogance,  conceit ;  or 
taking  to  one's  self  more  than 
due  to  one's  character  or  place. 

Assurance,  ».  Follows  the 
above  meanings  with  the  addi- 
tional one  of  such  a  manner  as 
indicates  the  extreme  of  this 
sonse  of  self-secm-ing. 


Sijnontjms  and  Anfouf/ms. 


39 


Srs.  Arrogance.  Boldness.  Impudence. 
Selt-coiifidence.  Self-reliance.  Self-assertion. 

AsT.  Distrust.  Timidity.  Bishfulness. 
Misgiving.  SelMistrust.  Consternation. 
Dismay.    Alarm. 

Assure,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  secums, 
socare,  sure.  Free  from  care  or 
doubt.  To  seek  to  confirm  in 
another  the  certainty  of  a  fact, 
or  the  inducement  to  dismiss 
anxiety  about  himself. 

Srx.  Advise.  Advertise.  Promise.  In- 
funn.  Rally.  Console.  Encourage.  Coun- 
tenance. Aid.  Support..  Uphold.  Con- 
vince.   Certity. 

Ant.  Misinform.  Misadvise.  Mislead 
Deceive.  Discomfit.  Disconceit.  l)iscou- 
nige.  Deter.  Warn.  Dissuade.  Unsettle. 
Intimidate. 

Astonish,  v.  tr.     Astound. 

Ad  and  tonitus,  thunder.  Comp. 
Stun.  To  strike  as  if  with  thun- 
der; to  make  thunder;  struck 
with  surprise. 

Sre.  Surtle.  Surprise.  Confound.  Alarm. 
Terrify.    Scare.    Dumb-founder.    Electrify. 

Akt.  Rally.  Encourage.  Assure.  Em- 
bolden. 

Astonishment,  n.  See  Asto- 
nish. 

Astray,  adf.  A  and  stray. 
Fr.  Estrayer,  from  extra,  with- 
out, and  vagari,  to  wander. 
Comp.  Exti-avagant. 

Srs.  Loose.    Abroad.    About.    Missing. 
At  large.    Wrong.     Erring.     Wandering. 
Am.  Rigbt.    Close.    At  home.    Safe. 

Astute,  adj.     Astus,  craft. 

Syx.  Crafty.  Shrewd.  Kno-.ving."  Sharp. 
Discriminating.    Sagaciou^.     Acute.    Pene- 


ing.    Stolid.     Asinine.    Anstrine.    Blind. 

Asunder,  adv.  Germ.  Sou- 
dern,  to  divide. 

tjTK.  Apuri.  Separate.  Divided.  Dis- 
united.   In  twain. 

.Ajjt.  In  one.    Close.   Together.    United. 

Atonement,??.  At-one-ment. 
The  reconciliation  of  two  parties ; 
the  maldng  two  to  be  as  it  were 
one;  either  the  process  or  the 
iiwtrument  of  this. 


SvN.  Reconciliation.  Expiatioa.  Sati»- 
fiictlon. 

Ant.  Alienation.  Separation.  Estrange- 
ment.  Enmity.  Division.  Offence.  'J'rans- 
gression. 

Atrociotis,  adj.  Lat.  atro.r. 
Applied  both  to  the  dis]X).sitiou 
and  the  deeds  to  wliich  it  giAX-a 
rise. 

S\-x.  Monstrous.  Nefarious.  Enormous. 
Shameful.  Heinous.  Flagrant.  Facinorous. 
Flagitious.    Criifl. 

Ant.  Laudable.  X(ible.  Generous. 
Honourable.  Humane.  Admirable.  Chival- 
rous. 

Attach,  v.  tr.  Fr.  attacker, 
Celt,  tac,  Eng.  tack,  a  nail  or 
fastening.  To  attach  the  person 
is  the  phrase  in  civil,  wliich  cor- 
responds with  arrest  in  criminal, 
cases.  It  is  in  this  sense  a  legal 
attack,  wliich  is  the  same  word. 
It  is  used  of  the  bonds  of  lovo 
and  friendship.  Sincerely  at- 
tached. 

Sr>-.  Fasten.  Apply.  Append.  Unite. 
Tie.  Connect.  Conjoin.  Conciliate.  At- 
tract.   Win.     Bind. 

Ant.  Unfastrn.  Loose.  Disunite.  Un- 
tie. Disconnect.  Detach.  AUenate.  RepcL. 
Estrange. 

Attachment,  7>.    See  Attach. 

Attack,  v.  tr.  Same  word  as 
attach:  but  as  the  former  be- 
came in  Fr.  attucJwr,  so  the  latter 
attaqmr,  from  the  Celtic  tac,  or 
nail,  which,  as  it  is  regarded  as 
an  object  of  striking  or  a  means 
of  fastening,  would  suggest  the 
ideas  of  attach  or  attack. 

We  may  attack  persons  with 
weapons  or  words,  or  ojiinions, 
vd'sh  the  weapons  of  controversy ; 
or  an  army  may  attack  a  country 
or  a  city. 

Svx.  Assail.  Assault.  Invade.  Besiege. 
Contravene.    Impugn. 

Ant.    Defend.     Resist.     Repel  With- 

I  stand,  on  one's  own  part,  or  for  another. 

I  Protest.  Supporr.  Aid.  Shield.  UpboU 
I  Vindicate.    Shelter. 

I      Attack,  «.     See  yerh. 


40 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms 


Syn.  Assault.  Invasion.  Aggression. 
Onslaught.    Onset. 

Ant.  Defence.  Resistance.  Kepulse. 
Piotection.  Aid.  Vindication.  Support. 
Maintenance.    Siielter. 

Attain,  v.  int.  Attinere.  To 
reach,  so  as  to  get  hold.  It  im- 
plies sustained  effort,  or  at  least 
movement,  in  an  uniform  direc- 
tion, and  is  sometimes  used  as 
int.,  being  followed  by  the  prep. 
to. 

Syn.  Reacli.  Extend.  Master.  Obtain. 
Acquire.    Secure.    Grasp.    Gain. 

Ant.  Lose.  Fail.  Forfeit.  Miss.  Abandon. 
Resign. 

Attainment,  n.  See  Attain. 
Add  also  the  peculiar  sense  of 
mental  attaumients. 

Syn.  Acquirements.  Accomplishments. 
Information. 

Ant.  Intuition.    Inspiration.    Genius. 

Attemper,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  tevi- 
•perare.  To  bring  a  thing  to  a 
state  of  internal  or  external  har- 
mony or  consistency. 

Syn.  Moderate.  Subdue.  Compound. 
Commingle.  Adapt.  Adjust.  Harmonize. 
Jlodify.  Blend.  Attune.  Mould.  Work. 
:\li.\.  Medicate.  Amalgamate.  Accommo- 
date. 

Ant.  Discompose.  Confuse.  Spoil.  Mar. 
Aggravate 

Attempt,  v.  tr.  Attentare, 
freq.  of  tendo,  to  reach  or  stretch. 
To  try  generally  or  specifically, 
as  a  trial  against  another's  safety 
or  life.  In  the  former  case,  it  is 
followed  by  the  infinitive,  in  the 
latter,  by  the  accusative. 

Sre.  Try.  Endeavour.  Strive.  Seek. 
Essay.    Attack.    Force.    Violate. 

Ant.  Abandon.  Disregard.  Pretermit. 
Dismiss.    Neglect.    Shun.    Drop. 

Attempt,  n.     See  verb. 

Attend,  v.  Attendere,  animuni. 
To  stretch  the  mind  in  a  specific 
direction.  To  be  attentive. 
Hence,  actively,  to  make  another 
the  object  of  attention,  which  is 
called  attendance ;  hence,  again, 
in  a  "wider  sease,  to  accompany, 


as  said  of  anything  naturally  co- 
incident or  concurrent  with  an- 
other, as  paia  commonly  attends 
disease. 

Stn.  Listen.     Heed.     Notice.  Observe. 

Watch.  Accompany.  Consort.  Follow 
Imply.    Involve. 

Ant.      Wander.        Disregard.  Leave. 

Abandon.  Forsake.  Desert.  Exclude, 
Neutralize. 

Attention,  n.    See  Attend. 

Syn.  Observation.  Notice.  Regard.  Con- 
sideration.   Study.    Vigilance.    Care. 

Ant.  Disregard.  Inadvertence.  Remiss- 
ness. Jnditference.  Carelessness.  Abstrac- 
tion.   Distraction.    Absence. 

Attentive,  adj.  See  Attention. 

Attenuate,  v.  tr.  Ad  and 
tenuis,  fine,  also  thin.  Hence  the 
word  has  the  two  meanings  of 
elongating  and  fining  down  or 
wearing  away ;  hence  it  runs  out 
into  apparently  opposite  mean- 
ings, namely,  1,  to  prolong,  and, 
2,  to  contract. 

Sy-n.  Educe.  Elongate.  Fine-draw. 
Narrow.  Contract  Reduce.  Diminish. 
Compress. 

Ant.  Broaden.  Increase.  E.xpand.  Swell. 
Dilate.    Enlarge.    Develope.    Amplify. 

Attest,  v.  tr.  Testis,  a  tcitness. 
To  evidence  by,  or  so  strongly  as 
if  by,  a  witness. 

To  attest  a  statement  may 
mean  either  to  bring  another,  or 
the  authority  of  another,  as  a 
witness  of  its  truth,  or  to  vouch 
for  it  one's  self,  in  the  capacity  of 
a  witness.  It  is  used  also  of  the 
inherent  evidence  which  belongs 
to  things  miitually  related,  as, 
majestic  nxins  attest  fonner  mag- 
nificence. 

Si-N.  Vouch.  Aver.  Assert  Affirm. 
Evidence.  Support.  Testify.  Confirm. 
Prove.  Involve.  Suggest.  Demonstrate. 
Imply.    Establish.    Bespeak. 

AsT.  Deny.  Controvert,  Contradict 
Contravene.  Disprove.  Disestablish.  Ex- 
clude. Neutralize.  Upset.  Refute.  Op- 
pugn. 

Attibb,  ".     Old  Fr.   atlirer, 


Si/nonymi  and  Antonyms. 


41 


tie7-,  still  in  iTse.  Comp. 
the  tiers,  rows,  or  ranks  of  a 
theatre.  Comp.  also  tiara.  The 
wcrd  originally  applied  to  the 
omamentation  of  the  head  by 
tiers  or  bands ;  thence  extended 
to  the  dress  generally,  not,  how- 
ever, io  cheap  or  common  cloth- 
ing. So,  '  gorgeously  attired,' 
bvit, '  meanly  clad.' 

SrN.  Rubes.  Garments.  Vestments. 
Clothing.  Apparel.  Accoutrement.  Livery. 
Uniform.    Costume. 

Ant.  Nudity.  Divestment.  Denudation. 
Exposure.  Bareness.  Disarray.  Dishabille. 
Tatters.    Rags.    Patches.    Shreds. 

Attitude,  n.  Actitudo,  actus. 
A  state  of  internal  harmony  or 
external  correspondence. 

If  the  former,  it  is  that  com- 
position of  the  limbs  which  fitly 
expresses  the  correspondent  pos- 
ture of  the  mind  or  feelings,  ex- 
cept where  it  is  taken  in  the 
abstract,  as  simply  equivalent  to 
posture.  If  the  latter,  it  is  such 
a  placement  of  them  as  shall 
suit  some  external  piu-pose,  as, 
an  attitude  of  attention,  defiance, 
or  defence.  It  is  a  condition  of 
rest,  as  opposed  to  movement. 

Syn.  Posture.  Position.  Composition. 
Collocation.    Aspect.    Pose.    Lie. 

Ant.  Evolution.  Exercise.  Deportment. 
Bearing.  IMovement.  Manoeuvre.  Gesti- 
culation.   Gesture. 

Attract,  v.  tr.  Ad  and  tra- 
here.  To  draw  by  physical  in- 
iiuence.  When  taken  metaphori- 
cally, it  is  used  both  for  the  pro- 
cess of  drawing  by  love  or  admi- 
ration, and  also  for  the  qualities 
which  prodiice  the  attraction. 
Thus  we  might  say  of  beauty, 
that  it  influences  by  attraction, 
and  also  that  it  is  itself  an  attrac- 
tion. 

Syn.  Draw.  Influence.  Induce.  Incline. 
Dispose.    Tempt.    Prompt.    Allure. 

Ant.  Repel.  Deter.  Indispose.  Disin- 
dSiio.    Estrange,    Alienate. 


Attraction,  n.    See  .attract. 

SvK.  Inducement.  Influence.  Adduc- 
tion. Inclination.  Disposition.  Charm. 
Beaut^'.    Allurement. 

Ant.  Repulsion.  Disinclination.  Indis- 
position. Aversion.  Deformity.  Repug- 
nance. 

Attractive,  adj.   See  Attract. 

Syn.  Winning.  Alluring.  Tempting. 
Enticing.  Interesting.  Charming.  Pleasant.. 
Beautiful.    Agreeable. 

Ant.  Unattractive.  Uninteresting.  Re- 
pugnant. Repulsive.  Unpleasant.  Dis- 
agreeable. Deformed.  Ugly.  Loatlisome. 
Forbidding.     Deterrent. 

Attribute,  v.  tr.  Ad  and 
tribuo,  I  bestow.  To  refer  one 
thing  to  another,  as  its  cause. 

Syn.  Assign.  Reler.  Apply.  Coimect, 
Associate. 

Ant.  Divorce.  Disconnect.  Dissociate. 
Dissever. 

Attribute,  «.  See  Attribute, 
V.  Either  a  quality,  simply,  or 
as  illustrative  of  the  subject  in 
wliich  it  resides. 

SvN.  Property.  Quality.  Characteristic. 
Sign.    Mark.     Indication.    Manifestation. 

Ant.  Its  correlative,  viz.  Essence.  Na- 
ture. Substance,  &c.  Or,  spuriously,  Affec- 
tation. Misnomer.  Semblance.  Mask. 
Veil.    Assumption. 

Attribution,  n.  See  Attri- 
bute, V. 

Attrition,  n.  After  ere,  part, 
attritus.  Lit.  a  wearing.  Met. 
a  wearing  sense  of  guilt. 

Syn.  Sorrow.  Repentance.  AQliction. 
Penitence.  Compunction.  Remorse.  Self- 
reproach. 

Ant.  Impenitence,  Callousness.  Ob- 
duracy.   Reprobation.    Relentlessncss. 

Attunb,  v.tr.  To  make  to  be 
in  tune  or  tone.  Either  abso- 
lutely or  in  accordance  with  an- 
other. So,  we  may  attimc  either 
the  note  or  the  instrument.  Me- 
taphorically used  of  sentiment, 
as,  a  mind  well-attuned;  man's 
will  attuned  to  the  Divine. 

Sytj.  Temper.  Attemper.  Hurmoniia. 
Adjust.    Accommodate. 

Ant.  Unstring.  Disharmonize.  Disar. 
range.  Discompose.  Dislocate.  Disturt 
Disconcert. 


42 


Sijnoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Andax,  au- 


AttdACIOUS,  ad/, 
dere,  to  dare. 

Sis.  Adventurous.  Venturesome.  RasU. 
Bold.    DariuR.    Reckless.    Enterprising. 

ANT.  T)i^>d.  Cowardly.  Cautious.  In- 
adveaturons.  Unventuresome.  Unenter- 
prising. 

AirD.\ciTY,  n.     See  Audacious. 

Syx.  Boldness.  Rashness.  Temerity. 
Recklessness.    Hardihood. 

Ant.  Caution.  Self-preservation.  Ti- 
midity. Calculation.  Forethought.  Fore- 
tiight.    Diffidence.    ludveuturousuess. 

Augment,  v.  tr.  See  Augment- 
ation. 

Augmentation,  n.  Augere,  to 
increase.  The  process  of  increase. 
The  state  of  increase,  and  the 
thing  itself  added. 

Syn.  Increase.  Enlargement.  Amplifi- 
cation. Supply.  Enrichment.  Enhance- 
ment. Addition.  Acquisition.  Improve- 
ment. . 

AsT.  Deduction.  Detraction.  Dimmu- 
tion.  Contraction.  Withdrawal.  Reserva- 
tion. E.\penditure.  Loss.  Waste.  Detri- 
ment. Deterioration.  Impoverishment. 
Reduction.    Curtailment. 

Augmentative,  adj.  >SVe  Aug- 
mentation. 

AUGUEY,  n.  Avis,  a  bird.  The 
angur  was  the    Eoraan    public 


officer  who  predicted,  according 
to  the  flights  of  birds  or  other 
celestial  phenomena,  as  the  ha- 
ruspex  or  auspex,  from  the  ex- 
amination of  victims  of  sacrifice, 
when  auspicious,  and  inauspi- 
cious. Hence  to  augur,  in  the 
sense  of  predict.  It  is  a  super- 
human and  conjectural,  as  op- 
posed to  ordinary  and  scientific, 
ascertainment. 

Syn.  Prophecy.    Prediction.     Prognosti- 
cation.   Conjecture.     Omen.    Dlvinauon. 
Ant.  Experience.    Science.   Observation. 

August,  adj.  Awjusttis,  auyere,  j 
to  increase,  or  heap.  In  a  pec  a-  j 
liar  sense,  to  honour,  especially 
by  offerings,  as,  heaping  gifts  on  | 
the  altar ;  hence,  sacred,  divine, 
and  imposing ;  said  of  great  per-  j 


sons,  and  their  appearance  and 
acts. 

Syn.  llajestic.  Dignified.  Imposing. 
Grand.    Solemn.    E.xalted. 

Ant.  Mean.  Undignified.  Unimposing. 
Common.  Vulgar.  l>espicable.  Unnotice- 
able.    Commonplace.    Beggarly.    I'altry. 

Auspicious,  adj.    See  Augury. 

Syn.  Propitious.  Favourable,  Encou- 
raging. Satisfactory.  Successful.  Hopeful 
Promising. 

Ant.  Unpropitious.  Unfavourable.  Da- 
couraging.  Unsatisfactory.  Unpromi»iDg. 
Icauspicious.    Hopeless.    Abortive. 

Austere,  «'/y.  Austerus.  Eigid 
in  disposition  or  hfe. 

Syn.  Hard.  Rigid.  Stern.  Severe. 
Morose.    Unrelenting.    Unyielding.    Strict 

Ant.  Mild.  Affable.  Kindly.  Tender. 
Feeling.    Bland.    Indulgent.    Geuial. 

Authentic,  adj.  Supposed  to 
be  from  avros  and  deiveiv,  to  kill. 
So  that  authentic  would  be 
brought  home  to  the  perpetrator ; 
hence  brought  home  (the  notion 
of  wrong-doing  being  omitted) 
to  the  doer  generally ;  and  hence, 
having  authority  or  verification. 

Syn.  Genuine.  Veritable.  Reliable. 
True.  Legitimate.  Certair^  Accepted. 
Current.    Received. 

Ant.  Spurious.  Unreliable.  Apocry- 
phal. False.  Disputed.  Exploded.  Re- 
iected.  Counterfeit.  Unfounded.  Unau- 
'thorized.     Baseless.    Fabulous.    Fictitious. 

Authenticate,  v.  tr.  See  Au- 
thentic. 

Si-N.  Confirm.  EstabUsh.  Verify.  Settle. 
Substantiate.    Identify. 

Ant.  Contravene.  Disprove.  Disestablish. 
Refute.    Upset. 

Author,  it.  Auctor,  a)((/ere,to 
hicreas".  One  who  brings  forth 
from  his  resom'ces,  favourably 
and  unfavourably. 

Sn«-.  Creator.  Producer.  Originator. 
Parent.  Cause.  Agent.  Maker.  Com- 
poser. Fabricator.  Inventor.  Constructor. 
Committer.    Perpetrator.    Doer. 

Ant.  Annihilator.  Destroyer.  Dcmolisher. 
Spoiler.    Undoer.    Revcrser. 

Authoritative,  adj.  Srr  Au- 
thor. Having  authority,  or  ex- 
ercising it,  perhaps,  too  strongly. 

Si-N.  Sure.  Decisive.  Conclu-iv.'.  An- 
•ientlc.     Powerful.     Potent.     F:rui.    Dio- 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


fatorial.    Imperious.    Arbitrary.    Atrogant. 
Ant.  Weak.    Inconclusive.    Vague.    In- 
fieteniiinale.    Indefinite.    Vacillating.     Un- 
decisive.     Bland.      Conciliatory.      Afifuble. 

Lenient.    Persuasive. 

AuTHOKiry,  n.  The  principle 
of  authorship.  hiee  Author. 
Rightfulness  or  truthfulness  of 
origination  ia  matters  of  state- 
ment, or  matters  of  government 
or  control. 

Si-x.  Ground.  Justificition.  Authen- 
ticity. Genuineness.  Decisiveness.  Con- 
clusiveness. Control.  Jurisdiction.  Go- 
vernment. Direction.  Kegulation.  Power. 
I'Jght. 

Ant.  Groundlessness;  Spuriousness.  In- 
decision. Incondusiveness.  Inoperative- 
ness. Incompetency.  Weakness.  Usurpa- 
tion.   AVrong. 

AuTocEACY,  n.  See  Auto- 
cratic. 

Autocratic,  «<//.  uvtos,  Kpd- 
TSLv.  Euling  of  one's  own  will 
and  pleasure. 

Syn.  Independent.  Arbitrary.  Despotic. 
Irresponsible.    Absulute. 

Ant.  Dependent.  Subordinate.  Re- 
sponsible.   Constitutional.    Limited. 

Auxiliary,  of/y.  Helpful.  Aux- 
ilium,  hdp. 

The  word  has  technical  mean- 
ings not  here  considered ;  as,  in 
military  matters,  a  force  which 
aids  the  line  of  battle,  or  the 
auxiliary  verb  in  grammar. 

SvN.  Helpful.  Aiding.  Abetting.  Ac- 
cessary. Promotive.  Conducive.  Assistant. 
Ancillary. 

Ant.  Unassisting.  Unconducive.  Un- 
promotive.  Rndnndant.  Superfluous.  Ob- 
structive. Relardative.  Irrelevant.  Cum- 
bersome. 

Avail,  v.  int.  Vaho,  I  am 
sfroiig.  There  is  a  peculiar 
phrase,  to  avail  one's  self  of  a 
thing,  as  an  implement  or  an 
opportunity,  the  idea  being  that 
of  adding  by  it  to  one's  strength 
or  resoui'ces. 

Si'N.  Suffice.  Hold.  Stand.  Endure, 
Aaswer.    TelL    Profit. 

Am.  VaL.    Fall    Disappoint.    Betray. 


13 


Available,  adj.  See  Avail. 
Convertible  into  a  resource. 

Syn.  Uselul.  Appropriable.  Convertiblft 
Attainable.  Conducive.  Applicable.  Pro« 
curable.    Handy. 

Ant.  Useless.  Inappropriate.  Innppli* 
Ciible.  Unprocurable.  Inconducive.  Irre- 
levant.   Inoperative.    Unavailable. 

Avarice,  n.     Avar  us,  greedy. 

Syn.  Greed.  Cupidity.  Penuriousntss. 
Niggardliness.  Miserliness.  Stinginess. 
Covetousness.  Acquisitiveness.  Rapacity. 
Griping. 

Ant.  Large-heartedness.  Unselfishness. 
TJberality.  Bountifulness.  Profuseness. 
Squander.  Prodigality.  Extravagance. 
Waste. 

Avaricious,  adj.  See  Avarice. 

Avenge,  v.  tr.  Vindicare.  To 
vindicate  one's  self  or  one's  rights, 
or  the  person  or  rights  of  an- 
other. Grammatically,  we  avenge 
ourselves,  avenge  others,  and 
avenge  ourselves  upon  others. 
So,  too,  men  revenge  insults  and 
avenge  themselves  on  account  of 
them. 

Syn.  Vindicate.    Right.  Retaliate.  Visit. 
Ant.   Waive.      Pardun.      Forego.      Con- 
done.   Remit.     Forgive.    Overlook. 

AvBNUK,  ii.  Fr.  avenir,  Lat. 
ad  venire,  to  approach. 

Syn.  Approach.  Adit.  Entrance.  Ac- 
cess. 

Ant.  Exit.    Egress. 

Aver,  v.  int.  Verus,  true.  To 
declare  a  thing  as  truth.  It  is 
better  followed  by  the  word  that 
than  directly  by  an  accusative. 

Syn.  Assert.  Asseverate.  AflSrm.  De- 
pose.   Avouch.    Protest.    Oblige.    Declare. 

Ant.  Deny.  Contradict.  Contravene. 
Disavow.  Disclaim.  Repudiate.  Oppugn. 
Gainsay. 

Averse,  adj.  Aver  tere,  aver  sits. 
Turned  away  from  an  object  it 
taste  or  feeling. 

Syn.  Hosiile.    Disinclined.    Indisposed. 
Ant.  Ready.    Disposed.    Eager.    Prone. 
Inclined.    Desirous. 

Aversion,  n.    See  Averse. 

Syn.  Hatred.  Dislike.  Repugnance 
Uncongeuiality.     Abhorrenre.    A..tip«Ui7. 


4-i 


Ant.  Love.  Desire.  Affnction.  Liking. 
Ccngeniallty.  Sympathy.  Ardour.  Eager- 
ness.   Avidity. 

Avidity,  n.  Avidus,  greedy. 
Greediness  of  disposition,  or  the 
same  tiling  manifested  in  de- 
meanour. 

Sin.  Cupidity  Avarice.  Greed.  I-ong- 
ing.    Desire.     Rapacity.    Eagerness. 

AxT.  Coldness.  Indifference.  Apathy. 
Insensibility.  Antipathj'.  Nausea.  Aver- 
sion.   Repugnance.    Loathing. 

Avocation,  n.  A,  prefix,  and 
vocare,  to  call.  A  calling  which 
takes  a  man  away  from  other 
pursuits,  and  dedicates  him  to 
one  in  particular,  or,  generally, 
an  occupation  for  the  time  call- 
ing for  his  whole  attention.  It 
is  for  advocation. 

Svx.  Profession.  Calling.  Ix)t.  Busi- 
ness.   Employment.    Pursuit.    Line. 

Ant.  Holiday.  Leisure.  Idleness.  Self- 
abandonment.    Misemployment. 

Avoid,  v.  tr.  Prefix  a,  and 
void,  empty. 

In  Old  English  it  meant,  to 
empty ;  that  is,  to  cause  a  void ; 
but  in  modem  usage,  to  cause  a 
void  space,  so  far  as  we  are  con- 
cerned, in  reference  to  something 
else,  that  is,  to  leave  it.  It  would 
have  various  synonyms,  accord- 
ing to  the  feeling  or  principle  of 
an  avoidance. 

Six.  Quit     Shun.  Abandon.     Desert. 

Forsake.     Relinquish.  Fly.     Eschew. 

Ant.  Seek.  Court.  Approach.  Accost. 
Addrtss.    Affect. 

Avouch,  v.  tr.  Fr.  voucher, 
Lat.  ad  vocare.  To  call  or  si:m- 
mon  a  witness.  Practically,  to 
make  a  statement,  with  the  posi- 
tiveuess  of  one  who,  if  he  had 
the  opportunity,  would  caU  wit- 
nesses to  it. 

SvK.  Aver.  Protest  Propound.  As- 
«everate.    Declare.    Profess. 

Akt.  Deny.  Contradict  Oppose.  Con- 
Iravene.    Controvert.    Oppugn.    Gainsiiy 

Avow,  V.  tr.  and  int.     Voveri., 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


votiim,  to  vo7(\  To  declare  with 
an  almost  religious  solemnity,  as 
that  which  might  weU-nigh  be 
made  the  subject  of  it. 

SrN.  and  Ant.    See  Avouch. 

AwABD,  V.  tr.  A  and  guarder, 
to  look.  Comj?.  Guard  and  Ward. 
To  apportion,  after  careful  re- 
gard to  the  natui'e  of  the  case,  or 
the  relative  merits  of  individuals. 

Syn.  Assign.      Apportion.      Attribute. 

Accord.  Grant.    Distribute.   Divide.   Allot 

Ant.  Refuse.      WithhoM      Withdraw. 

Retain.  Mis^ippropriate.     Jlisapportion. 

Aware,  adj.  Of  northern 
origin.  Comp.  Wary,  Beware. 
Possessing  knowledge  of  facts. 

Stn.  Conscious.  Sensible.  Informed. 
Certified.     Assured. 

Ant.  Unconscious.  Insensible.  Unaware. 
Ignorant.     Uninformed. 

Away,  adv.  Saxon  ireg,  conn, 
with  via,  Lat.  A  way,  tending, 
or  being  out  from,  one's  self. 

Syn.  Far.     Afar.     Separate.     Detached. 
Loose.    Abroad. 
Ant.  Close.    Near. 

Awe,  n.  Word  of  northern 
origin. 

Si-N.  Fear.  Dread.  Veneration.  Re- 
verence. 

Ant.  Fearlessness.  Contempt  Fami- 
liarity.   Disrespect    Irreverence. 

Awful,  adj.  See  Awe.  In 
Old  English  meant  feeling,  but 
now  only  inspiring  awe. 

Stn.  Fearful.  Terrible.  Al.imiing. 
Dreadful.  Solemn.  Portentous.  Horrible 
Horrific. 

Ant.  Innocuous.  Informidable.  Unim- 
posing.  Unastonishing.  Commonplace 
Unnoticeable.    Unalarming.    Alluring. 

Awhile,  adv.  Sax.  For  a 
while. 

Stn.  a  little.    Briefly. 
Ant.  Ever.    Always.    For  ever.     Ever- 
more. 

Awkward,  adj.  Sax.  aiueg. 
Away,  and  the  termination  ward, 
indicative  of  movement  or  direc- 
tion. Swerving  or  swajing  fi-om 
lines  of  regulative  movement.  It 


Si/no}iyms  and  Antonijim. 


45 


is  sometimes  used  colloquially  of 
things  as  well  as  persons,  as, '  an 
awkward  aifair.' 

Syn.  Ungainly.  Clownish.  Clumsy. 
Maladroit.    Unhandy.    Gawky. 

Akt.  Neat.  Clever.  De.xterous.  Adroit. 
SkilfuL    Handy. 

Awry,  adv.  A  and  w'ry,  con- 
nected with  wreath  and  writhe, 
wring,  wrung,  wrong. 

Syn.  Askew.    Aslant.    Atwist.    Wrong. 
Ant.  Right.    Straight.    True.    Direct. 


B. 


Babble,  v.  int.  and  tr.    Germ. 
j!     habbdn.     It.  hibholare.     To  utter 
■j     words  confusedly,  or  in  a  drib- 
i!     bling  monotony.      For  another 
sense    nee    Babbler.      Poetically 
applied  to  the  monotonous  mur- 
mur of  pebbly  streams.    '  Bab- 
bling brooks.' 

SvN.  Prate.  Prattle.  Dribble.  Twaddle. 
Blab.    Cackle. 

Ant.  Bawl.  Enunciate.  Vociferate. 
Hush.    Suppress. 

Babbler,  n.  See  Babble.  The 
want  of  regulative  power  lead- 
ing to  promiscuous  babble,  a 
babbler  tells  what  he  ought  to 
reserve ;  hence,  a  babbler  is  a 
teller  of  secrets. 

Syn.  Blab.  Chatterbox.  Tattler.  Tell- 
tale.   Gossip. 

Ant.  Confidant.    Confessor. 

Babbling,  n. 

Syn.  Blabbing.  Tattling.  Cackling. 
Prating.  Talkativeness.  Gossip.  Loquacity. 
Garrulity. 

Ant.  Reticence.  Reserve.  Secretiveness. 
Closeness.  Refrain.  Incommunicativeness. 
Taciturnity. 

Babel,  n.  From  lahal,  the 
Hebrew  for  to  cGvfound,  or  a  con- 
traction of  Beth  Baal,  the  house 
or  temple  of  Baal  or  Bel.  It  is 
used  from  the  Bible  account  of 
the  Tower  of  Babel,  to  stand  for 
confusion  of  tongues  or  talk 
collectively. 


SvN.  Confusion.  Hubbub.  Clamour, 
Jargon.     T)in.     Discord.    Clang. 

Ant.  Elocution.  Articulation.  DUticct« 
ness.  Consecutiveness.  Intonation.  Enun- 
ciation.   Monotony.     Unisoiiousness. 

Backbiter,  «.  A  c-iandererof 
persons  behind  their  backs. 

Syn.  Traducer.  Calumntatr.r.  Slandetcr, 
Detractor.     Cynic.     Defanier.     M.Iigner. 

Ant.  Vindicator.  Uph.-^lder.  Advocate. 
Palliator.    Mltigator.    Beliiender. 

Backslider,  v.  One  who 
slides  or  sliuffles  back,  especially 
from  religious  principle  or  pro- 
fession. 

SvN.  Apostate.  Renegade.  Recreant 
Abjurer. 

Ant.  Professor.  Confessor.  Adherent. 
Zealot.    Bigot. 

Backsliding,  n.  Sie  Back- 
slider. 

Backwardness,??.  Tendency 
to  hold  back ;  specific  or  habitual. 

Syn.  Slowness.  Shyness.  Reluctance. 
Hesitation.     Unwillingness.     Repugnance. 

Ant.  Forwardness.  Readiness.  Willing* 
ness.    Promptitude.    Alacrity. 

Backward,  aJj.  See  Back- 
wardness. 

Bad,  adj.    See  Good. 

Baffle,  v.  tr.  'Old  Fr.  heff'er. 
It.  beffare,  to  disgrace  or  frus- 
trate. Applied  to  persons  and 
designs.    In  Eng.  to  frustrate. 

It  has  a  frequentative  force, 
that,  namely,  of  repeated  skilful 
counteraction.  Tliis  follows,  from 
the  nature  of  skill,  to  be  versa- 
tile, which  demands  versatility 
of  counterfoil.  It  is  applied  both 
to  persons  and  their  eflorts  or 
designs. 

Syn.  Frustrate.  Counteract.  Defeat. 
Perplex.  Estop.  Restrain.  Mar.  Upset. 
Counterfoil.  Foil.  Balk.  Neutralize^ 
Dodge. 

Ant.  Aid.  Abet.  Point.  Enforoa. 
Assist.    Promote.    Advance.    Encourage. 

Bait,  n.  Connected  with  Bite. 
An  alluring  morsel,  often  imply- 
ing deception  into  dangci. 


46 


Synonyms  and  Anfoni/ms. 


Srs.  Morsel.  Snare.  Decoy.  AUure- 
nent.    Enticement.     Inducement-     Decoy. 

Ant  Warning.  Scarecrow.  Dissuasive. 
Deterrent.  Prohibition.  Intimidation. 
Threat 

BaL-VNCE,  v.  From  Lat.  hilanx, 
his,  twice,  or  double,  and  lanx,  a 
plate.  To  weigh  a  thing  abso- 
lutely or  relatively,  that  is,  to 
ascertain  its  intrinsic  weight  or 
value,  or  comparatively  with 
something  else. 

Sv\.  Weigh.  Poise.  Counterpoise,  i-s- 
timate.    Pit.     Set.     Redress.     Adjust. 

Ant.  Tilt  Cant.  Upset.  bubvert. 
Overbalance.    Mispoise. 

Baldekdash,  77.  Etymol.  un- 
certain.   Frothy  talk. 

SvN  Gasconade.  PJiodomontade.  Bom- 
bast   Fustian.    Flummery.    Froth. 

Ant.  Sen-e.  Wisdom.  Logic.  Keason. 
Sobriety.    Truthfulness. 

Balk,  v.  tr.  An  old  word  sig- 
nifying a  beam  or  barrier.  Ap- 
plied to  persons  and  their  efforts 
or  designs. 

Syn.  Bar.  Thwart.  Estop.  Frustrate. 
Foil.  Slop.  Prevent.  Hinder.  Neutralize. 
Nullify.  Mar.  Counteract.  Disappoint. 
Defe»t.     Baffle. 

Ant.  Aid.  Abet.  Promote.  Advance. 
Encourage.    Instigate. 

Bandy,  v.  and  adj.  Bande  was 
the  French  name  for  a  bent  stick 
or  mace  for  playing  at  ball; 
hence  the  adjective,  bandy,  bent, 
and  the  verb,  bandy,  to  mtcr- 
change,  applied  to  the  keeping 
up  of  (especially  frivolous)  argu- 
ment. ^   , 

Stn.  to  verb.  Interchange.  Exchange. 
Reciprocate.    Cross.    Pa-ss. 

Ant.  Quash.  Silence.  Drop.  Burke. 
Close.    StiUe.    Extinguish. 

•  Banish,  v.  tr.  Ban,  a  procla- 
mation of  outlawry  or  excommu- 
nication. To  put  out  of  civil 
protection.  The  root  of  the  word 
Abandon;  so,  generally,  to  put 
decisively  away  from  one's  pre- 
sence or  consideration. 


SrN.  Abandon.  Expel.  Disi»'L  t'ject 
Extrude.  Exclude.  Pvelegate.  Expa.nate. 
Repudiate.    Disclaim. 

Ant.  Cherish.  Foster.  Protect.  En- 
courage. Locate.  Retain.  Domiciliate. 
Domesticate.  Consider.  Entertain.  Har- 
bour. 

Banquet,  n.  Fr.  lanqndte,  a 
seat.  A  sitting  meal,  supposed 
to  be  of  an  elegant,  choice,  or 
luxui-ious  character. 

Si-N.  Feast  Regalement  Cheer. 
Carouse. 

Ant.  Fast    Abstinence.    Starvation. 

Banter,  o\.  Supposed  to  be 
another  form  of  the  Fr.  hadinage. 
A  keeping  up  of  playful  talk,  as 
distinguished  from  earnest  speech 
or  argument,  and  often  savour- 
ing of  personality. 

Syn.  Badinage.    Chaff.     Bandy. 

Ant.  Argument    Discussion.    Discourse. 

Barbarous,  adj.  The  Greek 
syllables  bar  bar  were  employed 
to  express  strangeness  of  talk  in 
foreigners;  hence,  at  tu-st,  bar- 
barous among  the  Greeks  meant 
simply  foreign;  but  in  Greek, 
Latin,  and  English  it  came,  by  a 
national  tendency  to  regard  our 
own  country  as  the  centre  of 
civilization,  to  mean  rude,  un- 
civilized, till,  afterwards,  it  was 
employed  not  only  of  country, 
language,  and  manners,  but  also, 
morally,  of  character  and  actions, 
so  that  it  came  to  mean  almost 
the  same  as  savage;  so,  'bar- 
barous cruelty.' 

Syn.  Rude.  Strange.  Unci\-Uizcd.  Out- 
landish. Uncouth.  Savage.  Atrocious. 
Flagitious.    Nefarious.    Unlettered.    Gross. 

Ant.  Polite.  Civilized.  Refined.  Hu- 
mane.    Urbane. 

Bargain,  «.  Der.,  perhaps, 
harca,  a  tradlnr;  vessel.  Comp. 
Bark.  To  effect  a  transfer  or 
sale  of  goods.  By  usage,  the 
noun  Bargain  has  come  to  be 
taken  for  such  Irausactions  as 
,arc    favoiu-able   to   those   who 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 


effect  ti:em  ;  otherwise  the  term 
is  quahfied,  as, '  a  bad  bargain.' 

Srx.  Transaction.  Negotiation.  Busi- 
ness. ProRi.  Speculation.  Gain.  Hawk- 
ing.   Chaffer.    Higgling.    HaggliLg. 

AxT.  Loss.    Misprotit. 

Base,  wlj.  Gr.  ^aa-is.  The 
ground  on  which  something 
stands  or  moves.  The  floor.  As 
an  adjective  it  expresses  lowness, 
and,  metaphorically,  of  birth,  of 
intrinsic  value,  of  character,  of 
social  estimation,  of  artistic  ex- 
cellence, or  musical  sounds.  It 
is  seldom  employed  to  signify 
what  is  physically  low  in  situa- 
tion, but  is  sometimes  so  used, 
as,  the  base  story  of  a  house. 

Svx.  Vile.  Dishonourable.  Low.  Soniid. 
Jgnoble.  Disesteeuitd.  Cheap.  Corrupt. 
Detp. 

A-N-T.  Lofty.  Exalted.  Refined.  Xoble. 
Ej-teenitd.  Honoured.  Valued.  J'ure. 
Correct.    Shrill. 

Baseless,  wJj.  See  Base  and 
Groundless. 

Bask,  v.  int.  Akin  to  Bake. 
To  enjoy  the  suusliine  of  pros- 
jjerity  or  comfort. 

Svx.  Luxuriate.  Repose.  Lounge. 
Dally. 

Ant.  Stir.  'Work.  Toil  Slave.  Drudge. 
Labour. 

Baste,  v.  fr.  Origin  uncertain. 

Stx.  Beat.    Buffet.    Cudgel.    Pound. 
Ant.  Soothe.    Tickle.    Caress.    Stroke. 

Battle,  7i.  Fi-.  hattre.  Eng. 
heat.     An  open  conflict. 

Srx.  Fight.  Conflict.  Engagement. 
Encounter. 

Ant.  Peace.  Truce.  Pacific-aon.  Ar- 
bitrament.   CounciL    Mediation. 

Bauble,  n.  Bahiole.  A  baby's 
plaything.  The  fool's  bauble 
was  a  stick  with  some  oddity  at 
the  end,  as  a  bladder  of  beads,  or 
a  head  with  an  ass's  ears. 

Srx.  Toy.  Trifle.  Plaything.  Knick- 
knack.    Gewgaw.    Gimcrack.    Kickshaw. 

Ant.  Valuable,  i'ossession.  Arqulsition 
Gem.    Ornament.    Decoratioa.    » ewel. 


47 


Bawl,  v.  int.  Fiom  Lat. 
balmr,  fo  Ihaf. 

Syn.  Shout,  ^'ocifersie.  Halloo.  r>oai. 
Bellow. 

Ant.  AVhisper.  Mutter.  JIumble. 
Babble. 

Bays,  v.  Crown  of  bay-leaves, 
the  symbol  of  achievement,  used 
for  the  achievement  itself. 

SvN.  Laurels.  Trophy.  I'rize.  Pre- 
mium. Achievement.  Success.  Triumph. 
Victory. 

Ant.  Failure.  Defeat.  Disgrace.  Stigma. 
Brand. 

Beaming,  odj.  Sax.  Yerb,  to 
beam,  or  send  forth  light. 

SvN.  Shining.  Itright.  Gleoming. 
Radiant.  Beautiiul.  Transpcrent.  Trans- 
lucid. 

Ant.  Dull.  Opaque.  I'ingy.  Wan. 
Matt.    Beamless. 

Beau,  v.  tr.  Saxon.  To  carry, 
first,  physically,  as  a  l)urden, 
then,  metaphorically,  to  carry,  as 
oflBcially  to  bear  a  I'ank,  title,  or 
oflice,  to  carry  in  the  mind  or 
the  feehngs;  to  exhibit  what  is 
so  carried,  as,  to  bear  malice,  or 
testimony,  to  sustain,  as  a  cha- 
racter or  part,  to  be  able  to 
carry,  .so,  to  tolerate,  to  carry  or 
bring  forth,  as  fruit  or  children. 

SvN.  Carry,  i.ift.  Transport.  Convey. 
Sustain.  Hold.  Harbour.  Entertain.  Fill. 
Enact.  Endure.  Admit.  Produce.  Gene- 
rate. 

Ant.  Drop.  Refuse.  Decline.  Resign. 
Kxpel.  Eject.  Kesisu  KepeL  Protest, 
Resent.    Reject. 

Bearing,  n.  See  Bear.  The 
mode  of  carrying  one's  self,  tbat 
is,  behaving  or  seeming ;  or,  re- 
flcxively,  the  relative  position  of 
an  external  object,  as  land  to  a 
ship. 

Sv.N.  Behaviour.  IManner.  Aspect, 
Appearance.  Inclination.  PositioD.  Direc- 
tion.   Course. 

Ant.  Misbehaviour.  Misdirectivii.  Mis- 
observation. 

Beat,  v.  tr.  Sax.  verb  act.  and 
neuter,  as,  to  beat  the  ground, 
to  beat  time,  a  beating  heart" 


48 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


hence,  to  boat  successfully  in 
battle,  and,  generally,  to  over- 
come. 

Syn.  Strike.  Pmind.  Batter.  Thrash. 
Cudgel.  Overcome.  Defeat.  Surpass. 
Conquer.    Worst. 

Ant.  Defend.  Protect.  Shield.  Shelter. 
Fail.    Surreuder.    Pat.    Strolce.    Caress. 

Beatitude,  n.     Beatus,  blessed. 

Syn.  Blessedness.    Bliss.    Beatification. 

Beautiful,  adj.    Fee  Beauty. 
Beautify,  v.  tr.    See  Beauty. 

Syn.  Decorate.  Adorn.  Embellish.  Or- 
nament.   Deck. 

From  the  rareness  of  the 
quaUty  of  beauty  comes  the 
cheapness  of  the  term  beautify ; 
for,  inasmuch  as  beauty  mtist  be 
seldom  imparted  by  art,  the 
word  beautify,  unable  to  sustain 
its  character,  is  more  often  used 
disparagingly  or  satirically. 

AUT.  Deform.  Spoil.  Mar.  Stain.  De- 
face. Disfigure.  Befoul.  Soil.  Denude. 
Bare.    Strip. 

Beauty,  «.  'La.i.  beUus,  2^retty, 
neat.  The  word  has  risen  to  ex- 
press in  the  liigher  sense  the 
character  of  what  is  naturally, 
personally,  or  artistically  exqui- 
site or  fail'. 

Syn.  Loveliness.  Grace.  Seemliness. 
Comeliness.  Fairness.  Picturesqueness. 
Exquisiteness.  Embellishment.  Adorn- 
ment. 

Ant.  Foulness.  Ugliness.  Deformity. 
Hideousness.    Bareness.     Unattractiveness. 

Because,  adu.  By  cause  of, 
physically,  mentally,  and  mo- 
rally. 

SrN.  Owing.  Consequently.  Accord- 
ingly. 

Ant.  Irrespectively.  Independently. 
Unioixnectedly.     Inconsequently. 

Beck,  n.  A  nod.  Sax.  Conn, 
with  Beckon  and  Beacon.  A  nod 
of  intimation  or  of  command, 
taker,  for  the  power  or  commancl 
itself. 

S¥>     Nod.      Sign.      Signal.       Symbol. 
Indication.     .Vuthority.     Orders. 


Instructions.       Suljservienuy.       Influence 
Command.    Call    Control.    Mandate. 
Ant.  Independence.    Insubservience. 

Become,  v,  tr.  is  coming  well 
to  a  person.  But  as  ])ropriety  is, 
where  it  can  be  attained,  a  matter 
of  obligation,  it  has  a  force  of 
moral  necessity  as  well  as  fitness. 

Stn.  Befit.    Grace.    Beseem.    Behove. 
Ajtt.    Misbeseem.     Misfit.     Misbecome. 
Disgrace. 

Becoming,  adj.    See  Become. 

Stn.  Beseeming.  Comely.  Seemly.  Bo' 
fitting.  Graceful.  Decent.  Suitable.  Imi 
proving. 

Ant.  Unbeseeming.  Unseemly,  Un« 
comely.  Unbecoming.  Unbefitting.  Un« 
graceful.  Indecent.  Unsuitable.  Unim* 
proving.    Derogatory. 

Bedaub,  v.  tr.  Daub,  conn. 
with  dab,  to  dab  dirt  upon. 

Stn.  Bespatter.  Befoul.  Mar.  Dis- 
colour. Disfigure.  Deface.  Spoil.  Soil. 
Stain.    Besmear. 

Ant.     Cleanse.  Absterge.        Purify. 

Whiten.    Decorate.  Beautify.    Embellisli. 

Bedeck,  v.  tr.     See  Deck. 

Bedizen,  v.  tr.,  Bedizened, 
part.  Origin  imcertain.  To 
dress  tawdrily. 

Syn.  to  part.  Tawdry.  Betinselled. 
Gaudy.    Flashy.    Bespangled. 

Ant.  Adorned.  Kobeu.  Decorated. 
Beautified. 

Befall,  v.  int.  To  fall  out  to 
one.  The  prefix  he  gives  the 
verb  an  active  force. 

Syn.  Happen.  Occur.  Fall.  Super- 
vene.   Betide.    Bechance. 

Ant.  Miss.     Pass.    Spare.     Pretermit. 

Befitting,  adj.  Fitting,  as  a 
matter  of  suitableness  generally, 
or  pecuhar  fitness  to  specific  po- 
sition, or  circumstances,  or  in- 
terests, 

Stn.  Fitting.  Decent.  Becoming.  Suit- 
able. Appropriate.  Consistent.  Expe- 
dient.   Desirable.    I*roper. 

Ant.  Obligatory.  Compulsory.  Unbe- 
fitting.  Indecent.  Unbecoming.  Unsuit- 
able. Inappropriate.  Incompatible.  In- 
expedient.   Improper. 

Befool,  v.  tr.  To  make  a  fool 
of. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Stk.  Deceive.  lUude.  Cheat.  Mystify. 
Bwnboozle.  Mislead.  Ensnare.  Hood- 
wink. 

Ant.  Guide.  Enlighten.  Lead.  Advise. 
Undeceive. 

Before,  prpp.  and  adv.  For 
or  Fore.  Lat.  pro.  Gr.  noppa,. 
Applicable  to  time  and  place. 

Si-K.  I'recedently.  Anteriorly.  Ante- 
cedently. 

Akt.  After.  Afterwards.  Subseauently. 
Posteriorly.    Later.    Behind. 

Befkiend,  v.  tr.  To  keep  or 
f^iipport  in  any  way  as  a  friend. 
Goth. 

Stk.  Assist.  Countenance.  Support. 
Advocate.    Promote.  'Protect.     Defend. 

Ant.  Oppose.  Discountenance.  Thwart 
Withstand.  Decry.  Delame  Oppress. 
Annoy. 

Beg,  v.  tr.  Supposed  to  be 
from  Bag.  To  ask  as  a  mendi- 
cant for  liis  wallet. 


Ant.  Insist.  Exact.  Extort.  Kequire. 
Demand. 

i         Beggar,  n.    Sep  Beg. 

t  Stk.     Jlendicant.      Suitor.     Petitioner 

■        Suppliant,     Applicant. 

Ant.  Exactor.    Extortioner, 

Beggarly,  adj.    See  Beggar. 

SrN.  Miserable.  Poor.  AV  retched. 
Stinted.  Niggardly.  Stingy.  Scant.  Il- 
liberal. 

Ant.  Noble.  Princely.  Stately.  Sump- 
tuous.  Liberal.  Profuse,  ftodigal.  Mag- 
nificent.   Gorgeous. 

Begin,  v,  tr.  Sax.  ginnan,  to 
cut.  To  make  the  first  cut  into 
a  thing ;  also,  neutrally,  to  com- 
mence. 

Sin.  Initiate.  Commence.  Start.  Pre- 
pare.   Arise.    Inaugurate. 

Ant.  Achieve.  Complete.  Terminate. 
Conclude.  Consummate.  Finish.  Close. 
Knd. 

Beginner,  ??.    See  Begin. 

Stn.  Tyro.  Novice.  Lcanier.  Pupil. 
Necphyte. 

Ant.  Adept.  Expert,  blaster.  Au- 
thority. 

Be«inning,  n.    See  Begin. 

Sn.    Commencement.      Start.      Origia. 


49 


Rise.      Initiation.     Preparation.      Preface. 
Prelude.    Inauguration.    Inceptl.ia. 

Ant.  End.  Close.  Termination.  Con- 
clusion.   Consummation.    Conipletion. 

Begrime,  v.  tr.  A  Northern 
word  conn,  with  Rime,  hoar- 
frost, but  now  applied,  not  to 
white  particles,  but  foul.  See 
Bedaub. 

Beguile,  v.  tr.  Guile,  conn. 
with  wile,  craft.     See  Befool. 

Behalf,  v.  Contiguity  to 
one's  own  half  or  side,  as  against 
other  persons  or  other  interests. 

SrN.  Side.  Interest.  Advantage.  Aid. 
Bestead. 

Ant.  ^■ee  Bestead. 

Behaviour,  «.,  Behave.  The 
way  in  which  a  man  has,  pos- 
sesses, or  demeans  himself  gene- 
rally, or  on  a  ^ecific  occasion. 

SvN.  Conduct.  Beiiring.  I)emeanour. 
Proceeding.  Action.  Comportment.  De- 
portment. 

Ant.  Misdemeanour.  Misbehaviour. 
Misconduct. 

Behest,  n.  Sax.  Literally, 
that  which  is  vowed  or  desired. 
Now,  by  usage,  commanded  or 
enjoined. 

Sin.  Injunction.  Command.  Instruc- 
tion. Mandate.  Commission.  Trust.  Re- 
quirement. 

Ant.  Option.  Liberty.  Discretion. 
Non-interference. 

Behind.  See  Before.  Ilind; 
whence  Hinder. 

Behold,  v.  tr.  Hold,  to  ftxsteu 
the  eyes  on  to  an  object  continu- 
ously. 

Stn.  Look.  Gaze.  Observe.  Contem- 
plate.   See.    Scan.    Survey. 

Ant.  Overlook.  Disregard.  Ignore. 
Miss.    Blink.    Wink.    Connive. 

Beholden,  adj.  Fastened  by 
ties  of  obligation,  and  sometimes, 
correspondently,  of  feeling. 

Stn.  Bound.  Obliged.  Indebted. 
Thankful.    Grateful. 

Ant.  Unindebted.  Unobliged.  Unbound 
Unthankful.    Ungrateful. 


Sijnon'jms  and  Antonyms. 


Stn.  Under. 

AST.  Above.    Over. 


down. 

Ant.  Above, 


50 
Bbholdbr,  n.     See  Behold. 

Sni.    Spectator.     Observer.     Bystander. 
Witness.    Looker-on. 
AST.  &(.'  Behold. 

Belief,  ?;.  Same  root  as 
Leave,  in  tbe  sense  of  permission. 
The  mind  telieves  a  thing  or 
person,  that  is,  leaves  it,  gives  it 
leave,  or  allows  it  to  occupy  the 
ground  taken  up.  Another  sup- 
position derives  it  from  Jithm,  to 
love  or  desire,  as  if  it  were 
natural  in  some  measure  to  credit 
what  we  desire  to  be  true. 

Stm  Assent.  Faith.  Trust.  Ciedence. 
Avowal.  Assurance.  Ailmissiou.  Conces- 
sioii.    Confidence.  .  ^    ^.  ,      ^    m;- 

Ant.  Dissent.  Unbelief.  Distrust.  3Il^- 
giving.  Denial.  DisavowaL  Rcjecuou. 
Disbelief. 

Bellicose,  arl).    Br-llum,  vnr. 

Si-N.  QnarreUome.  Pugnacious.  BeUi- 
cereiit.    Irascible.    Contentious. 

Ant.  Peaceful.  Peaceable.  Unquarrel- 
some.  Pacific.  Unwarlike.  Unexcilable. 
Good-tempered.    Genial. 

Belligeeent,  ailj.  Belhim, 
and  f/e/v'/v,  to  ica.ge.     Of  warlike 

or  quarrelsome  nature,  or  actu-   ^^_^  ^ 

ally  engaged  in  war.  gmshcd  from  benefit. 

Sre.  See  IfeUicose.      Add.     Contending.    °    >,.„      Gmnt.       Endowr 
Engaging.     Fighting.     Opposed.     Adverse. 
Holiile.      Conflicting.     RivaU    Antagonist. 
Assailant.  _       ^        r  i      t>„ 

Ant.  Neutral.  Pacific.  Peaceful.  Re- 
conciled.    Appeased.    Non-belligerent. 

Bellow,  v.  inf.  Sax.  Conn, 
with  Bawl.     -See  Bawl. 

Belonging,  ar//.,  Belong. 
Long.  Lying  parallel  to,  or 
alongside  ;*  and  so  in  any  way 
related  or  appertaining. 

SxN.  ReUted.  Connected.  Appertain- 
ing. Cognate.  Congenial.  OWigatory.  Ac- 
companying. 

ANT  Unrelated.  Unoonnected.  Im- 
pertinent. Irrelevant.  ^Alien.  Ui.con- 
genial.  Discretional.  Optional.  Lnin- 
volved.     UuitupUed.    Independent. 

Beloved,  adj.    See  Love. 

Below,  prep,  and  adi'.  Low. 
Nortliern  wor.l,  allied  to  Eug. 
Lie, 


.    Adowu. 

Aloft, 


Bend,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Sas. 
L'sed  physically  and  metaphoii- 

Sy.v.  Curve.  Deviate.  Incline.  Tend. 
Swerve.  Diverge.  Jlould.  Persuade,  in- 
fluence. Bias.  Dispose.  Direct.  Stoop. 
Condescend.     Yield.    Submit. 

Ant  Proceed.  Continue.  Exter-.d.  Ad- 
vance. '  Stand.  Stiffen.  Resist.  Break. 
Crush. 

Beneath,  adv.  and  _2»-ep. 
Neath.     Germ,  nieder,  netlm: 

Below.     Under.    Underneath.     A- 

Over.    Overhead.    Aloft. 

Benediction,  v.  Bene  dicere, 
to  bless.  Is  oflacial,  or  the  result 
of  kind  feeling  or  approval,  or  in 
consequence  of  gratitude. 

St>-  Blessing.  Approval.  Commenda- 
tion. Benison.  Gratitude.  Thankfulness. 
Thanksgiving.  _ 

Ant.  Curse.  Malediction.  Disapproval. 
Censure.  Obloquy.  Execration.  Ingrati- 
tude. 

Benefaction,  «.  Bene  and 
facere,  to  do  well.  Commonly  by 
some  permanent  gift,  as  distin- 


I  ° '  Srs.     Grant.       Endowment.      Bequest. 
Presentation.     Favour. 

AST.  Deprivation.  Reservation.  Dis- 
favour. Disendowment.  Confiscation.  Pre- 
sumption. 

Benefactor,  n.    See  Benefac- 

Syn-  Friend.  Supporter.  Contributor. 
Upholder.  Well-wisher.  WeU-doer.  Fa- 
vourer.    Patron.  ^.  , 

Ant  Foe.  Opponent.  Djsfiwourer. 
Rival".  'Antagonist.   Backfriend.   Oppressor. 

Beneficial,  adj.  See  Bene- 
faction. ^     „^  , 

Sy>-.  Advantageous.  Profitable.  WTiole- 
some.    Salutary.    Salubrious. 

A.NT  Prejudicial.  Noxious.  Lnprofit* 
able.    Hurtful.    Detrimental. 

Beneficent,  adj.  See  Bene- 
faction. „   . 

SvN.  Bountiful.  Benerolent.  Benignant. 
1  Ant.  Uar.1.  Uncommlseratiug.  UUberal. 
C  sbeneficenl.     Griping.     Cruel.      Opf  re»> 


Srjnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Bbhefit.  n.     See  Benefaction. 

Stn.  Boon.  Advantage.  Profit.  Favour. 
Blessing. 

Ant.  Evil.  Loss.  Disadvantaf;(>.  Detri- 
nifnt.  Damage.  Calamity.  Injury.  Be- 
reavement.   Privation. 

Benevolence,  n.  Bene  and 
voJo,  I  tvish  ladl. 

Syn.  Kindness.  Gooawill.  Kindliness. 
Benignity.     Liberality.     Beneficence. 

Ant.  Unkindness.  Harshness.  Niggard- 
liness. Barbarity.  Maleticence.  Malignity. 
lUiberality.    lUwill.    Cliurlishness. 

Sometimes  the  exiDression  of 
goodwill— a  gift. 

Benevolent,  adj.  See  Bene- 
volence. 

Benignant,  adj.  Benignus, 
iene  and  genus,  of  good  birth. 
Gentle  by  birth  and  disposition ; 
thence  kind.     See  Benevolent. 

Benison,  «.     See  Benediction. 

Bent.  See  Bend.  Physical  or 
moral  inclination. 

SvN.  Angle.  Inclination.  Direction. 
Bias.  Determination.  Disposition.  Inten- 
tion. 

Ant,  Indisposition.    Aversion. 

Bequeath,  v.  tr..  Bequest,  v. 
Be  and  an  Old  English  word, 
meaning,  to  say,  of  which  the 
past  tense  only  survives  in  the 
word  quoth.  First,  to  adjudge 
by  word  of  mouth ;  then,  to  de- 
mise property  orally;  and, lastly, 
to  demise  generally,  or  leave  as  a 
gift  at  parting. 

Si-N.  Give.  Grant.  Bestow.  Impart. 
Leave.  Demise.  To  noun.  Legacy.  In- 
beritance. 

Ant.  Withhold.  Alienate.  To  noun. 
Transference.  Abalienation.  Disinheritance. 
Dispossession. 

Berkave,  V.  tr.  Sax.  ]\Iean- 
ing  rob.    Apphed  to  persons. 

Syn.  Rob.  Deprive.  Dispossess.  Divest. 
Impoverish.    Reduce.    Spoil. 

Ant.  Replenish.  Compensate.  Rein- 
state.   Satisfy.    Enrich.    Benefit. 

Bereavement,?).  .SVe  Bereave. 

Stn.  Deprivation.  Loss.  Affliction. 
Destitution. 


51 


Ant.  Gift.    Blessing.    Donation.    Bene. 

faction.  Cumpensation.  Reparation,  lie* 
storation.  Ileinstatenient.  Restituticia. 
Substitution.    Consolation. 

Ant.  See  Benefaction  and  Benefit. 

Bereft,  jxirt. 

Si-N.  Robbed.  Deprived.  Denied.  Spoiled. 
Destitute. 

Ant.  Endowed.  Enriched.  Compensated. 
Consoled.     Possessed. 

Beseech,  v.  tr.  Seech,  the 
same  as  seek.  To  seek  another 
in  entreaty.  Used  of  the  thing 
and  the  person. 

Sra.  Ask.  Entreat.  Pray.  Request. 
Supplicate.     Petition.    Beg. 

Ant.  Insist.  Demand.  E.\act.  Com- 
mand.   Intimidate.    Coerce. 

Beseem,  v.  tr.  To  seem  or 
look  well  upon.  Said  of  moral 
fitness  or  propriety. 

SvN.  Befit.    Suit.    Belong.    Appertain. 
Ant.  Unbeseem.    Disgrace. 

Beseeming,  adj.    See  Beseem. 

SvN.  Befitting.  Suitable.  Belonging. 
Appertaining.  Consistent.  Compatible.  Re- 
quisite.   Decent.    Graceful. 

Ant.  Unbefitting.  Unseemly.  Unsuit- 
able.   Improper.    Indecent.     Ungraceful. 

Beset,  v.  tr.  Set,  sedeo.  Comp. 
Sit. 

Sra.  Hem.  Surround.  Environ.  Be- 
leaguer. 

Ant.  Liberate.    Abandon. 

Beside,  prep..  Besides,  adv. 
By  the  side ;  the  primary  notion 
being  proximity,  and  the  second 
extraneousness  or  addition. 

Syn.  Close.  Near.  Alongside.  Addi- 
tionally.  Over  and  above.    Together.   More- 

Ant.  Separate.    Apart.    Inclusively. 

Besiege,  v.  tr.  Fr.  siege.  Lat. 
sedere.  To  sit  down  before  a 
fortified  place. 

SvN.  Beset.     Beleaguer.     Invest.     Sit. 
Ant.    Abandon.      (Phrase    '  raise    the 
siege.') 

Besmear,  v.  tr.  Sax.  See  Be- 
daub. 

Besotted,  adj.  Sax.  Steeped 
in  drink  cr  prejudice. 

Syn.  Stupefied.  Intoxicated.  Drunk. 
Steeped.  Drenched.  Stupid.  Doltlah. 
Gross.    Prejudiced. 

X  2 


52 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


AvT.  Sol)er.  Temperate.  Clear.  Un- 
biassed. Unprejudiced.  Knligbtened.  Ke- 
fined. 

Bespatter,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with 
spit  and  sputter.  Metaphor.,  to 
vilify. 

Syn.  Besprinkle.  BefouL  Bedaub.  Re- 
sile.   Vilify.    Asperse. 

Ant.  Absterge.  Sponge.  Cleanse. 
Purlly.    Vindicate.    Defend.  ^Clear. 

Bespeak,  v.  tr.  Has  the  double 
sense  of  ordering  .  beforehand, 
and  of  giving  evidence. 

Syn.    Betoken.      I'oreorder.       Forestall. 
Provide,    Prearrange,    indicate.     Evidence. 
Ant.  Belie.    Resign.    Countermand. 

Bestead,  v.  tr.  Be  and  stead, 
a  place.  Comp.  Instead.  In  the 
place  of;  to  arrange  for  conveni- 
ence or  benefit,  and  so  to  serve. 

Sin.  Convenience.  Uphold.  Assist. 
Serve.    Accommodate.    Benefit. 

Ant.  Thwart.  Damage.  Incommode. 
Oppose.    Injure. 

Bestead,  n. 

SrN.  Interest.  Behalf.  Part.  Side.  Ad- 
vantage.    Benefit. 

Ant.  Injury.  Disadvantage.  Opposition. 
Detriment.    Damage. 

Bestir,  v.  tr.  Commonly  used 
reflexively  for,  to  stir  one's  self. 
See  Stir. 

Bestow,  v.  tr.  Sax.  stov,  a 
place  for  deposit.  First,  to  place 
in  its  ovm  appointed  repository  ; 
thence,  and  now  exclusively,  to 
make  another  the  receptacle,  that 
is,  to  give. 

SvN.  Confer.    Give.    Present    Award. 

Ant.  Withhold.  Withdraw.  Reserve. 
Alienate.  Transfer.  Claim.  Appropriate. 
Usurp.    Seize. 

Betide,  v.  tr.  Sax.  Tide, 
meaning  time,  as,  "WTiitsuntide. 
To  befall  in  season;  thence,  to 
befall  generally. 


Betimes,  adv.    By  good  time. 

SvN.  i'^arly.  Belbrehand.  Readily.  Pie- 
fiaredly. 

Am.  Late.  Behindhand.  Slowly.  Slug- 
{isbly.    Belatedly. 


I  Betoken,  v.  tr.  To  give  evi- 
dence by  token,  which  was  any 

I  kind  of  indication  or  mark.  The 
word  is  connected  with  teach. 

Srx.  Teach.  Indicate.  Proclaim.  Evi- 
dence. Manifest.  Imply.  Involve.  De- 
clare. 

Ant.  Misindicate.  Misle.id.  Misteach. 
Misdeclare.     Belie,     llask.     Hide. 

I  BCTUATT,  V.  tr.  Tradere,  to  de- 
liver. To  bring  to  light  either 
persons  or  interests,  which  it 
was  a  duty  to  seiwe  confidentially 
or  honourably ;  or,  by  an  exten- 
sion of  its  usage,  to  indicate; 
though  even  here  there  is  com- 
monly an  impUed  exposui-e  of 
sometliing  unfavourable. 

Syn.  Deceive.  Delude.  Circumvent. 
Dupe.  Ensnare.  Dishonour.  Indicate. 
Manifest.    Reveal. 

Ant.  Protect.  Preserve.  Guard.  Con- 
serve. Foster.  Cherish.  Fence.  Cover. 
Conceal.    Suppress. 

Between,  Betwixt,  adv.  and 
pre2\     See  Amidst. 

Be\'y,  7i.  Origin  uncertain; 
but  applied  only  to  ladies,  ex- 
cept, as  by  sportsmen,  to  larks 
and  quails.     A  fair  assemblage. 

Srx.  Assembly.  Parterre.  Gataxy 
Constellation.    Flock. 

Ant.  Gang.    Crevr.    Herd.    Mob. 

Bewail,  v.  tr.  Wail,  a  word 
of  Northern  origin,  probably 
formed  in  imitation  of  a  cry  of 
gi-ief. 

Syn.  Lament    Deplore.    Bemoan.    Rue. 
Ant.    Kxult.     HaiL      Rejoica      Greet. 

Welcome. 

Beware,  v.  Ware,  conn,  with 
wary.  Used  only  in  the  impera- 
tive and  infinitive  moods. 

Syn.  Care.  Refrain.  Consider.  Heei 
Look.    Fear.    Avoid. 

Ant.  Overlook.  Ignore.  Xeglcct.  Brave. 
Dare.    Incur. 

Bewilder,  v.  tr.  Wild.  To 
place,  as  it  were,  on  wild  ground, 
where  one  looks  in  all  directiona 
for  landmarks,  but  in  vain. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 


Srs.  Daze.  Dazzle.  Confound.  Mystify. 
Confuse.    Mislead.     Astonish. 

Am.  Guide.  Inform.  Lead.  Enlighten. 
Edify.    Instruct. 

Bewildered.     See  Bewilder. 

Bewitch,  v.  tv.  Witch,  Sax. 
wig,  holy.  Low  Latin,  vegius,  a 
sorcerer.  Of  old  used  of  male  as 
well  as  female  sorcerers.  To  in- 
fluence by  magic,  and  especially 
with  loYe  or  admiration. 

Stn.  Enchant.    Fascinate.    Charm. 
Ant.   E.xorcise.     Disillusionize.      Disen- 
chant. 

Beyond,  2yrep.  and  adv.  Sax. 
Comp.  Yon  and  Yondei'. 

Syn.  Over.    Farther.     Tsst.    More. 
Ant.  Her-.-     Close,  ^.ur.  Hither.  Less. 
Short. 

■  Bias,  n.    Old  Fr.  hiais,  a  slope. 
See  Bent. 

Bicker,  v.  inf.  Scotch.  For- 
merly tised  of  literal,  now  only  of 
metaphorical,  skirmishes. 

Sin.  Wrangle.  Quarrel.  Dispute.  Jar. 
Contend. 

Ant.  Chat.    Gossip.    Converse. 

Bid,  v.  tr.  Of  Northern  origin, 
from  one  word,  meaning  to  re- 
quest, and  another  resembling  it, 
to  oifer ;  hence  the  double  sense 
of  bid. 

Svx.  Tell.  Request.  Instruct.  Order. 
Command.    Offer.     I'l-fpose. 

AxT.  Forbid.  Deter.  Prohibit.  Re- 
strain. 

Bide,  v.  int.  Sax.  Act.  and 
neuter,  that  is,  having  the  sense 
of  wait  and  await. 

SvK.  Wait.  Remain.  Tarry.  Stay. 
Await.  Expect.  Anticipate.  Bear.  En- 
dure. 

Ant.  Quit.  Depart.  Migrate.  Move. 
Resist.  Resent.  Repel.  Algure.  Rebel, 
i'rotest. 

Big,  adj.  An  old  Welsh  word, 
haich,  meaning  burden.  Mete- 
phorically  used  of  bigness  of  de- 
meanour. 

Syn.  Large.  Great.  Wide.  Huge. 
Bn'Jjy.    Proud.    Arrogant.    Pompous.  Fat. 


53 


Ant.  Litlle.  Sraivll.  Narrow.  Minute. 
Slight.    Lean.    Affable.    Easy.   Unafifected. 

Bigotry,  n.  Der.  uncertaia; 
either  from  a  Norman  oath,  attri- 
buted to  Eollo  when  refusing 
homage  to  the  French  king,  or 
from  the  Saxon  higan,  conn,  with 
beg,  to  pray  or  worship ;  whence 
the  Flemish  beg  nine  and  heguin- 
age,  good  women  engaged  in  cha- 
rity, and  living  together  without 
vows. 

Sy\.  Prejndlce.  Pharisaism.  Obstinacy. 
Credulity.  Fanaticism.  Superstition.  In- 
tolerance. 

Ant.  Liberality.  Enlightenment.  Charity. 
Toleration.   Eclecticism.   Latitudinarianism. 

Bind,  v.  tr.  Sax.  To  tie. 
Metaphorically,  to  tie  down  to 
obhgatious  or  conditions. 

Syn.  Tie.  Fasten.  Secure.  Loce. 
Twine.  Oblige.  Compel.  Pifistrlct.  Re- 
strain.   Secure. 

Ant.  Untie.  Loose.  Unfasten.  Free, 
Liberate.    Acquit. 

Birth,  n.  Conn,  with  Bear 
and  Born.  First,  the  coming 
into  life,  and  then  the  cu'cum- 
stances  or  position  of  the  person 
so  born.  So  birth  used  by  itself 
often  means  nobility. 

Syn.  Origin.  Source.  Rise.  Lineage. 
Nobility. 

Ant.  Death.    Extinction.    Plebeianism. 

Bit,  n.  Is  really  the  part,  of 
Bite.  _  A  small  piece  bitten,  or 
to  bite;  thus  precisely  corre- 
sponding with  morsel,  from  Lat. 
m order e,  to  bite. 

Stn.  Morsel.    Piece.    Fragment.    Pait. 

Ant.  Mass.    Whole. 

Biting,  adj.  See  Bit.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Sin.  Pungent.      Piercing.  Gnawing. 

Sarciistic.  Sardonic.   Censorious.  Trenchant. 

Ant.  I'leasant.       Genial.  Flattering. 

Soothing.  Complacent. 

Bitter,  adj.  Conn,  with  Biie. 
Producing  a  pungent  biting  sen- 
sation. Applied,  when  used  me- 
taphorically, both  to  the  event 


Sf/nonij)iis  and  Antonyms. 


5* 


nnd  the  feeling  consequent  upon 
it,  as, '  a  Iritter  calamity,'  '  bitter 
disappointment.' 

lStn.  Harsh.  Sour.  Sharp.  Tart.  Ac- 
rimomuns.  Sarcastic  Severe.  Sad.  Afflic- 
tive.   Intense. 

AXT.  Sweet.  Mellow.  Tleasant.  Affa- 
ble. Kindly.  GeniaL  Light.  Trivial, 
^litigated. 

Bitterness.  See  Bitter  and 
Antipathy. 

Blab,  v.  int.  Germ.  hlap2-)eln. 
Eng.  blabber.  To  talk  idly.  See 
remarks  on  Babbler. 

Bl.\cken,  v.  tr.  Black.  Meta- 
phorically, to  spoil  the  character 
or  reputation. 

SrN.    Bespatter.    Befoul.     Bedaub.    De- 
fame.    Decry.    Calumniate.    Tiishonour. 
Ant.  Vindicate.    Clear.    Eulogize. 

Blackguard,  n.  Originally 
the  comj^any  of  scullions,  who, 
in  the  progresses  of  great  men 
had  the  charge  of  the  kitchen 
iitensils.  A  low  sooty  tribe; 
hence  the  present  use  of  the 
term  is  including  everything 
most  vile. 

Stn.    Scoundrel.      Kascal.      Rapscallion. 
Blackleg.     ViUain. 
Ant.  Gentleman. 

Bl.\me,  V.  tr.    Is  a  contracted 
form  of  blaspheme,  the  Greek  for 
evil-spealcing ;   but  is  by  usage  i  fluences. 
restricted  to  censure  of  persons 
or  their  conduct. 

SvN.  Censure.  Cliide.  Itcbuke.  Re- 
proach.   Vituperate.    Di-praise. 

Ant.  Aciiuiu  E-xculpaie.  Exonerate. 
Kncourage.    I'raise.    Approve. 

Blamable,  adj.    See  Blame. 
Blameless.    See  Blame. 

.Stn.  Pure,    innocent.    Irresponsible 
Ant.  Criminated,     implicated.     Blame- 
worthj'.    Answerable.    Faulty.    Guilty. 

Blanch,  v.  fr.  lUancus,  white. 
Comp.  Bleak,  Bleach. 

Sin.  Bleach.    Whiten. 

To  blanch  is  to  promote  in- 


herent whiteness.    To  bleach  is 
to  whiten  by  external  influence. 

Ant.  Darken.    Colour.    Obfuscate. 

Bland,  mJj.  Blandus.  Eefei"S 
to  manner. 

Stn.  Soft    Mild.    Gentle, 
Ant.  Harsh.    Aljrupt.    Rough. 

Blandiloquence,  n.  Blandus 
and  loini,  to  talk. 

SvN.  IJlamey.  Humbug.  Flattery. 
Specionsnfss.    Glossiness.    Adulation. 

Ant.  Bluntness.  Roughness.  Abrupt- 
ness. 

Blandishment,  n.  Is  in  deeds 
what  blandiloquence  is  in  words. 

Stn.  Fliittery.  Coaxing.  Wheedling. 
Fawning.     Cajolery. 

Ant.    Roughness.     Bluntness.    Unman- 

nerliness. 

Blank,  adj.  Blancua.  A 
colourless  and  unmitigated  bar- 
renness. 

Six.  Bleak.  Bare.  Utter.  Broad.  Un- 
mitigated. 

Ant.  JNIodificd.    Qualified.    Mitigated. 

BLASPHE>n:,ii.  Gr.  Impious 
talk. 

Stn.  Swearing.     Imiiiety.     rrofaneness. 
Ant.   Reverence.      \eiieratiun.      Gudh- 
ness. 

Blast,  v.  and  r.  Sax.  hhesan, 
to  htmr.  Like  flare,  flame,  from 
the  Lat.  flare,  to  hl<m\  Comj). 
Blaze.  The  verb  to  blast  is  used 
of   destructive    or  noxious    in- 


The  voun  blast  has  different 
analogous  senses,  as,  blast  oi 
wind,  a  blast,  or,  as  it  were, 
noxious  breath  of  evil,  the  blast 
or  explosion  of  a  gun;  but  the 
notion  of  atmospheric  influeuce 
or  excitement  runs  through  them 
all. 

Stn.  Volume.  Tuff.  Afflalion.  KfHa- 
(ion.  Breeze.  Bieath.  Blight.  1-jcplosion. 
Burst.    Frustration.    Destruction,    lilaze. 

Ant.  E.xtinctiun.    Neutralization. 

Blaze,  n.    See  Blast. 
Blazon,  v.  tr.   From  the  same 
root.    To  afl&x  some    mark    oi 


i 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


55 


conspicuonsness.  To  light  up  a 
person,  his  character  or  history, 
lineage  or  reputation. 

Sin.  Notify.  Signalize.  Publicate.  Ad- 
renturc.  Qrculate.  I'ropagate.  Dissemi- 
nate. 

Ant.  Cover.  Conceal.  Hide.  Suppress. 
Hush.    Palliate.    Sbroud.    Bury. 

Bleach,  v.  tr.     Blancus,  ivhite. 

Stn.  AVliitcn.    Blanch. 

Ant.  Darken.  Blacken.  Soil.  .See  Blanch. 

Bleak,  adj.    Same  cler. 

Syx.  Blank.  Bare.  Open.  E.^cposed. 
Cold.    Stormy.     Nipping. 

Ant.  Sheltered.  Warm.  Verdant.  Luxu- 
riant.    Zepliyrous.    Balmy.    Halcyonic. 

Blemish,  v.  Fr.  hlemir,  to 
make  blue  or  pule.  To  take  the 
colour  out;  thence,  to  spoil  or 
tarnish  a  substance ;  and  thence 
again,  metaphorically,  the  cha- 
racter. The  7iou)i  blemish  fol- 
lows the  same  meanings. 

Sin.  to  noun.  Spot.  Blur.  Blot.  Stain. 
I)aub.  Tarnish.  Defacement.  Discoloura- 
tion. Disfigurement.  Disgrace.  Dishonour. 
Defect.    Blemish.    Imperfection. 

Ant.  Purity.  UnsuUiedaess.  Intact- 
ness.    Honour. 

Blench,  v.  inf.  Conn,  with 
Blanch.    To  shrink  through  fear. 

Sin.  start.  Shy.  Shudder.  Shrink.  Ke- 
coil. 

Ant.  Encounter.  Dare.  Venture.  Stand. 
Face. 

Blend,  v.  int.  and  tr.  Sax. 
To  mix  easily  or  naturally. 

Srx.  Mi.x.   Harmonize.    Unite.   Coalesce. 
Ant.    Run.      Sepai-ate.      Divide.     Dis- 
sociate.   Confound. 

Bless,  v.  tr.  Sax.  Conn, 
with  BUthe.  To  make  bhthe- 
Bome  or  joyous  with  gifts,  and, 
reflexively,  to  express  gratitude 
thereupon. 

Stn.  Felicitate.  Endow.  Enrich. 
Gladden.    Rejoice.    Cheer.    Thank. 

Ant.  Sadden.  Deprive.  Impoverish. 
Igcore.    Curse.    Anathematize. 

Blessing,  n.    See  Bless. 

Stn.  Felicitation.  Benediction.  Endow-  , 
ment.  Donation.  Gift.  Thanklulues?  ' 
Ciratitude.    Thanks.    Benefit 


Ant.  Impoverigbrccnt.  Deprivation.  Be- 
reavement. Malediction.  Thankfulness. 
Obliviousness.  Catastrophe.  Calamity, 
Disaster.    Detriment    Damage.    Ciuse. 

BuGHT,  «.  and  v.  Origin  un- 
certain.    See  Blast, 

Blind,  adj.  Sax.  Conn,  with 
Blend,  seeing  objects  confusedly. 
It  is  used  of  physical  sightless- 
ness, moral  bhndness,  mental 
blmdness,  or  absolute  ignorance, 
and  casual  blindness  or  casual 
ignorance.  Sometimes  used  as  a 
transitive  verb. 

Stn.  Sightless.  Unseeing.  Depraved. 
Prejudiced.  Ignorant.  Uninformed.  Un- 
conscious.   Unaware. 

Ant.  Far-sighted.  Penetrating.  Keen. 
Sensitive.  ftiscriminating.  Pure-minded. 
Clear-sighted.    Conscious.    Aware. 

Blink,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Sax. 
To  shine,  to  twinkle,  quickly  to 
close  and  open  the  eyelids,  to 
close  the  eyes  again.st  a  passing 
circumstance  so  as  not  to  notice 
it. 

Stn.  Wink.    Ignore.   Connive.  Overlook. 
Ant.  Notice.     Visit.     Note.    j\lark. 

Bliss,  /).     See  Bless. 

SvN.  Blessedness.  Joy.  Ecstasy.  Rap- 
ture. 

Ant.  Accursedness.  Condetnnation.  Suf- 
fering.   Misery.    Woe. 

Blithe,  adj.     Sax. 

Stn.   Light,     ilerry.    Joyoirs.     Happy 
Bright.    Elastic.    Gladsome.     Bonny. 
Ant.  Heavy.    Dull.    Dejeelnd.    Sullen. 

Block,  v.  tr.  From  Uock; 
Northern  word  tor  a  mass. 

Stn.  stop.    Arrest.    Fill.    Obstruct. 
Ant.  Free.     Liberate.    Open.     Pave. 

Blockhead,  n.     See  Above. 

Stn.  Dolt.  Dunderhead.  Jolterhead. 
Dunce.  Minny.  Numskull.  Dullard.  Ig- 
noramus. 

Ant.  Sage.  Adept.  Luminary.  Philo- 
sopher.   Schoolman.    .Siivuiit. 

Bloom,  n.  and  r.  int.  Gothic- 
Comp.  Blossom. 

Stn.  Blossom.  Bud.  Flower.  Beauty 
Freshness.    Delicacy. 

Anf.  Decay.  Decadence.  Blight.  Blast. 
Coarsene-s.  Harshness.   P.oughnesB.  Tough- 


56 


Sijnoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Ghastliness.     Ca- 


ncss.     Superannuati 
daverousness. 

Bloom  is  applied  to  flowers 
purely  omameutal,  blossom  to 
fruit-trees. 

Blooming,  adj.     See  Bloom. 

Stn.  Flourishing.  Flowering.  Blossom- 
Jns     Young.     Beautiful.    Fair. 

Akt.  Fading.  Waning.  Blighted. 
Blasted.  Paralyzed.  Old.  Superannuated. 
Unsightly.    Deformed. 

Blot,  v.  and  v.  A  Northern 
word,  meaning  a  blur  or  stain. 
A  dab,  daub,  or  spot  of  tarnish 
upon  a  fair  surface  or  a  fair  re- 
putation. Comp.  the  phrase,  '  a 
blot  on  the  escutcheon.' 

Stn.  Comp.  Blemish. 

Blot,  v. 

Stn.  Obscure.  Tarnish.  Spoil.  Sully. 
Obliterate.    Erase. 

Ant.  Elucidate.  Clear.  Absterge. 
Cleanse.    Manifest.    Conserve     Perpetuate. 

Blotch.  Coim.  Blot  and 
Bloat. 

Blow,  n.  Seems  to  be  formed 
from  many  kindred  words  _  of 
Saxon  or  Gothic  origin,  having 
the  various  senses  of  breathing 
and  blooming  and  sti-iking. 

Stn.  Puff.  Blast.  Breath.  Infliction. 
Stroke.  'Wound.  Disappointment.  Afflic- 
tion. 

Ant.  Assuagement.  Consolation.  Com- 
fort.   Relief.    Blessing.    Sparing. 

Blitff,  cuI).  Old  Eng.  noun 
and  adj.  bluffs,  or  bluff  rocks. 

Stn,  Bare.  Open.  Bold.  Abrupt. 
Franlc.     Plain-spolcen.    Blunt. 

Ant.  Undulating.  Inclined.  Inabrupt. 
Courteous.    Polished.    Reserved. 

Blunder,  n.  Old  Eng.  Conn, 
with  Blind  and  Blend.  A  mis- 
take through  confusion  of  thought 
or  purpose. 

SvN.  Error.  Mistake.  Misunderstand- 
inc.    Fault.    Oversight,     [naccuracy. 

'Aht.  Accuracv.  Truthfulness.  E.xact- 
ness.  Correctness'.  Faultlessness.  Correc- 
tion. IlectiBcation.  Atonement.  Foresight. 
Prevention.    Hit.    Success.    Achievement. 

Blunt,  ddj.  Gothic  n.  Pby- 
Bical  and  metaphorical. 


Srs.  Obtuse.  Dull.  Pointless.  Edge- 
less.    Insensitive.    Blufif.    Plain-mannered. 

ANT.  Sharp.  Keen.  Pointed.  Acute. 
Aculeated.  Sensitive.  Polished.  Courteous. 
Reserved.    Blandiloquent, 

Blunt,  v.     See  adj. 

Stn.  To  subdue.  Repress.  Tranquillize 
Discourage.     Harden.    Ossify.    Numb. 

Ant.  Quicken.  Sharpen.  Instigate.  Sus- 
citate.  Stimulate.  Animate.  Excite.  \  i- 
talize. 

Blur.     See  Blemish. 

Blush,  n.  Conn,  with  Blaze, 
to  grow  red  with  warmth  or  a 
sense  of  shame. 

Stn.  to  former.  Bloom.  Colour.  Com- 
plexion. Aspect.  Carnation.  To  latter. 
Shame.  Confusion.  Guiltiness.  Self-re- 
proach. .  . 

AKT.  to  latter.  Innocence.  Punty.  Guilt- 
lessness. Unconsciousness.  Boldness.  Ef- 
frontery. 

Bluster,  v.  and  n.  Allied  to 
Blast. 

Si-N.  to  V.  Storm.    Rage.    Puff.    Blow 
Swagger.    Fume.    Brag.    Insult. 
AXT.  See  Brag. 

Boast.     Old  Eng. 

Stn.   Vaunt,      Brag.     Swagger.     SweU 
Bluster.    Vapour. 
Ant.  See  Brag. 

Bode,  v.  (r.  Sax.  Conn,  with 
Bid,  to  tell  or  foretell. 

Stn.  Foretell.  Predict.  Prophesy.  Pro 
mise.  Forebode.  Herald.  Announce.  Prog- 
nosticate.   Portend.    Augur. 

Ant.  Relate.  Record.  Narrate.  Re- 
member. 

Bodily.  From  Body.  Sax. 
Adv.  and  euJJ. 

Stn  Wholly.  Collectively.  Summarily. 
Unitedly.  Corapactedly.  Together.  Cor- 
poreal.   Fleshly.  „       t- 

AST.  Piecemeal.  Partially.  Fragment- 
arily.    Gradually.    Spiritual.    Ghostly. 

Body,  n.    Sax. 

Stn.  Substance.  Mass.  Whole.  Sub- 
stantiality. CoUectiveness.  Assemblage. 
Collection     Matter.    Association.   Organiz.i- 

Ant.  Spirit.    Fragment.   Member.  IMece. 

Boggle,  v.  int.  Same  as  Bogle. 
Corrupted  into  bogey,  an  appa- 
rition. To  hesitate,  as  i^  af- 
frighted ;  hence,  to  hesitate  gcno- 


and  Antonyms. 


57 


rally,  and  to  work  awkwcardly  or 
clumsily. 

Stn.  Halt.  Hesitate.  Dubitate.  Falter. 
Blunder.    Hlotch.    Botch.    Mar.    Spoil. 

Ant.  Encounter.  Face.  Advance.  Clear. 
Work,    llcfine.    Perfect.    Complete.    Ueau- 

tify. 

Boil,  v.  inf.  Lat,  luUire. 
Comp.  Ebullition. 

Stn.  liubble.  Effervesce.  Explode. 
Rage.     Fume. 

Ant.  Calm.    Subside.    Recover.    Cool. 

Boisterous,  adj.  Old  Eng. 
Conn,  witli  Boast.  Applied  to 
the  violence  of  the  elements  and 
to  manner  or  demeanour. 

SvN.  Loud.  Violent.  Tempestuous. 
Stormy.    Unrestrained.    Uncontrolled.    In- 


possessed. 

Bold,  adj.    Sax. 

Stn.  Courageous.  Fearless.  Adventur- 
ous.    Brave.    Self-confident.     Forward. 

Akt.  Timid.  Fearful.  Inadventurous. 
Sby.    Bashful.    Retiring. 

Bolster,  v.  tr.  From  the 
novn,  -which  is  Gotliic.  Conn, 
with  Ball.  A  round  or  cyhndri- 
cal  support  for  the  head ;  hence, 
to  support,  especially  adventi- 
tiously ;  applied  to  the  weakness 
and  the  weak. 

Stn.    Support.      Prop.     Sustain.      Aid. 
Help.    Subsidize.    Patch.    Tinker.    Buoy. 
Ant.  Depress.    Dispirit.    Relax. 

Bombast,  n.  Bomhyx,  the  silk- 
irorm.  Bomhasium ,  cotton.  An 
inflated  talk  or  matter,  or  the 
quality  of  such  talk. 

Sin.  Rbodomontade.  Gasconade.  Brag- 
padocio.  Bluster.  Pompos^ity.  Inflated- 
ness.    Exaggerativeness.     Fustian. 

Ant.  Truthfulness.  Moderation.  Vera- 
city. Modesty,  'lemperateness.  Humility. 
Refrain. 

Bond,  n.  Sax.  Comp.  Bind 
and  Band. 

Stn.  Tie.  Fastening.  Chain.  Manacle. 
Fetter.  Association.  Compact.  Obli|;atlon. 
Security. 

Ant.  Freedom.  Option.  Discre.ion. 
Honour.    Parole. 


Bondage,  n.    See  Bond 


Stn.  Servitude.  Confinement.  Imprt. 
sonment.  Incarceration.  Subjection.  Slavery. 

Ant.  Freedom.  Liberty.  Independence. 
Liberation.    Manumission. 

Bondsman,  n.    See  ahovc. 

Stn.  Slave.  Serf.  Prisoner.  Captive 
Vassal. 

Ant.  Freeman.  Yeoman.  Gentleman 
Lord,    ilaster. 

BoNKY,  adj.  Der.  uncertain, 
and  used  in  several  senses ;  all, 
however,  having  brightness  of 
aspect. 

Stn.  Fair.  Pretty.  Pleasant.  Cheerful. 
Lively.    Shapely.     Bu.xom. 

Ant.  Dull.  Unseemly.  Ill-favoured. 
Defoniied. 

Bonus,  n.  Lat.  Good.  Conn. 
Boon. 

Syn.  Premium.   Douceur.   Boon.  Benefit 
Ant.  Fine.     Penaltv.    Mulct.    Amerce- 
ment.   Discount. 

BooBY,  n.  The  name  of  a  sea- 
fowl. 

Syn.  Idiot    Dunce.    Numskull. 
Ant.  Wiseacre.    Solon.    Oracle. 

Bookish,  adj.  From  Book. 
Conn,  with  Beech,  because  the 
ancient  Saxons  and  Germans 
wrote  on  beechcn  bark  and 
boards. 

Stn.  studious.  Erudite.  Learned.  Pe- 
dantic. 

Ant.  Unbookish.  Uiistudious.  Ineru- 
dite.    Unlearned.    Ignorant.    Uneducattd. 

Bootless,  adj.  Boot.  Sax. 
Advantage.     Conn,  with  Better. 

Stn.  Useless.  Profitless.  Unavailing, 
Abortive. 

Ant.  Useful.  Profitable.  Availing.  Ef- 
fective.   Effectual. 

Booty,  n.  Same  root.  Profit 
by  plunder. 

Syn.  Plunder.    Loot.    Prey.    Pillace. 
Ant.    Restitution.     Fine.     Confiscation. 
Forfeiture.    Amercement.    Penalty. 

Border,  «.  Yr.hord.  So  scar 
board  or  coast. 

Stn.  Limit.  Boundary.  Edge.  Edging. 
Hem.     B:md.    Enclosure.    Confine. 

Ant.  Land.  Tract.  Interior.  Substanca 
Space.    Centre. 

BosoiT,    n.      Sax.     Used   bj 


58 


Sijnonyms  and  Aniomjma. 


analogy  of  a  natural  hollow,  as, 
'the  bosom  of  the  ocean,'  and, 
metaphorically,  of  the  seat  of 
leeling. 

Sin.  Hollow.  Deep.  Bed.  Valley. 
Centre.    Heart.    Mind.    Soul.    Will. 

Ant.  Surfiice.  E.xteiior.  Manner.  De- 
portment.   ]>t.'mcanour. 

Botch,  v.  fr.  Conn,  with  Boss 
and  Patch.  Something  between 
marring  and  mending. 

Stji.  I'dtch.  Cobble.  Clump.  Blunder. 
DiscoiK«rt.  Spoil.  Jumble.  Mess.  Bungle. 
Mar. 

Ant.  Fine-draw.  Trim.  Harmonize. 
Mend.  Beautify.  Embroider.  Handle. 
Manage.    Manipulate. 

Both,  adv.    Sax. 

Stn.  Twain. 
Ant.  Neither. 

Bother,  v.  tr.  Another  form 
of  Pother,  which  is  supposed  to 
be  the  Fr.  poudre,  dust.  Eng. 
powder,  the  making  a  dust  — 
about  something  or  nothing. 

Stn.  Fuss.  Worry.  Excitement.  Stir. 
Confusion.    Vexation.    Flurry.    Trouble. 

Ant.  Calm.  Composure.  Orderliness. 
Peace.    Quiet. 

Bottom,  n.  Sax.  Said  to  be 
allied  to  the  Gr.  Trv6fjif]v,  as  that 
to  ^d6os.  Comp.  Bathos  in 
Ehetoric. 

Stn.  Deep.  Profound.  Floor.  Depth. 
Ground.    Foot. 

Ant.  Top.  Summit.  Apex.  Cro'.vn. 
IJrow.    Surface. 

Bound,  n.  That  which  binds, 
bonds,  or  bounds,  as  an  external 
limit. 

Stn.  Limit.  Boundary.  Confine.  Border. 
Inclosure. 

Ant.  See  Border. 

Bound,  v.    Fr.  hondlr. 

SvN.  To  Leap.  Jump.  Frisk.  Spring. 
Skip. 

Ant.  Hobble.  Limp.  Crawl.  Creep. 
Shamble. 

Boundabt.    See  Bound. 
Boundless,  «(//.  <See7?.  Bound. 

SiTj.  Infinite.  Unlimited.  Illimitable. 
Unmeasurablo. 


I       Ant.     Narrow.      Restricted. 
Confined.    Circumscribed. 


UmiUA 


Bountiful.    See  Bounty. 

Bounty,  n.  Fr.  honte.  Lat. 
honitas,  f/oodness.  Conn.  Boon, 
Bonus.  Liberality,  or  its  expres- 
sion ;  a  liberal  gift. 

Stn.  Liberality.  B.iunteousness.  Bene- 
volence.   Munificence.    Donation.    Gift. 

Ant.  lUiberality.  Closeness.  Hardness. 
Niggardliness.    Stinginess.    Churlishness. 

Brace,  v.  tr.  From  hrachium, 
an  arm.     Comp.  Embrace. 

Syn.  Tie.  Fasten.  Strap.  Bind.  Bandage. 
Strengthen. 

Ant.  Unfasten.  Untie.  Loose.  Unstrapi 
Unbind.    Relax. 

Braces'G,  adj.     See  Brace. 

Syn.  Strengthening.  Invigorating.  Tonic. 
Ant.  Enervating.    Enfeebling.  Weaken, 
ing.    Relaxing. 

Brag,  v.  int.  Old  Eng.,  mean- 
ing brisk,  or  full  of  spu-its.  To 
vaunt  personal  strength  or  prow- 
ess is  natural  to  childish  char 
racters  in  high  sphits. 

Syn.  Boast.    Vaunt    Swasger.    Bully. 
Ant.  Cringe.    Whine.    Whimper. 

Braggart.    See  Brag. 
Braid,  v.  fr.     Sax.  hrrdan. 

Syn.  Bind.    Tie.    Weave.    Plait. 
Ant.  Unbind.    Dishevel. 

Branch,  n.  Conn,  with  hra- 
chium,u)t  ((rm  of  a  tree.  Involves 
the  ideas  of  separation  from  the 
line  of  growth,  and  connection 
with  tne  parent  stem. 

Syn.  Member.  Bifurcation.  Ramifica- 
tion.   Offshoot.    Scion.    Relative. 

Ant.  Trunk.  Stock.  Stem.  Race. 
Family.    House. 

Brand,  adj.  From  Saxon 
hrinuan.  Comp.  Eng.  Burn. 
A  torch,  stick ;  hence,  by  analogy, 
a  flashing  sword;  thence,  tlie 
mark  of  burning,  especially  foi 
di.'igrace. 

Srx.  Stigma.    Disgrace.    Mark.    InTiniy 
Ant.   Decoration.     Badge.      Distinction 
Honour. 

Brandish,  v.  tr.    See  BrasA 


Sifnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


To    move    about  rapidly,  as  a 
sword. 

Stw.  I'lourisli.  Fence.  AVield.  Wave. 
Whisk.    Shake.    Agitate. 

Ant.  Stay.    Arrest.    Suspend. 

Brawl,  r.  and  «.  Old  Eng. 
Conn,  with  Broil. 

Stn.  AVrangle.  Broil.  Scold.  Roar. 
Shout.     Vociferate. 

Ant.  to  moan.  Whisper.  Softness.  Jlel- 
lowness.    ilelodiousness.    Intonation. 

Brawny,  adj.  Old  Fr.  hraon, 
the  flesh  or  mvscles. 

SvN.  Jluscular.  Powerful.  Sirong. 
Athletic.  Sinewy.  Herculean.  Stout.  Ito- 
btist. 

Akt.  Lean.  Weak.  Fragile.  Delicate. 
Effeminate.    Feeble. 

Bray,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  h-ayer,  to 
pound.  Of  diiferent  origin  from 
bray  as  an  ass. 

.sVn.  Pound.    Bruise.    Beat.    PuWerize. 
Ant.    Compact.     Compound.     Amalga- 
mate.   Conglomerate. 

Breach,  n.  Same  as  Break. 
A  physical  or  social  rupture  or 
division.  Used  peculiarly  of 
breaking  the  vow  or  promise. 

Stk.  Ptupture.  Gap.  Divulsion.  Quarrel. 
Viol.ition.    Non-performance. 

Ant.  Iniegrity.  Conservation.  Healing. 
Keconciliation.    Jnviolateness.    Fulfilment. 

Break,  ?•.  Sax.  Irecan.  Used 
of  the  forcible  divulsion  of  hard 
material  substances,  and  meta- 
phorically expresses  the  ideas  of 
mastery  and  infringement. 

Stn.  Fracture.  Rupture.  Shatter.  .Shiver. 
Destroy.  Tame.  Curb.  Subdue.  Violate. 
Infringe. 

Ant.  Heal.  Piece.  Conjoin.  Protect. 
Conserve.  Kncourage.  l'.ally.  Observe, 
Obey. 

Breast,  n.  Sax.  For  meta- 
phorical use,  see  Bosom. 

Breath,  n.  Germ,  hrodcn, 
steam,  vapour.     Comp.  Broth. 

Syn.  Respiration.  Inspiration.  E.\pir.i. 
tioii.    Inhalation.     E.xhalation.    Met.,  Life. 

Ant.  to  latter.  Ces.sation.  Passing.  De- 
parture.   Perishing.    Dying.    Death. 

Breathe,  v.    See  Breath. 


m 


Breathlkss,  adj.  Deprived 
of  breath  by  rajiid  exertion,  in- 
terest, astoni.shnient,  or  surprise. 

SvN.  E.Nhausted.  Eager.  Absorbed.  Fas- 
cinated. Attentive.  Astounded.  Bewil- 
dered. 

Ant.  Cool.  Calm.  Collected.  Fresh. 
Une.xciied.  Indifferent.  Inattentive.  Un- 
astonished. 

Breed,  v.  fr.    Sax. 

Syn.  Generate.  Procreate.  Engender. 
Proj)agate.    Met.  Produce.    Evolve.    Cause. 

Ant.  Destrf)y.  Eradicate.  Extinguish, 
E.xtirpate.    Stifle. 

Brevity,  n.  Lat.  brevis,  short. 
Not  used  commonly  of  physical 
subjects. 

Syn.  Shortness.  Closeness.  Conciseness, 
Compendiousness.  Pointedness.  Abbrevia- 
tion.   Abridgment. 

*Ant.  Length.  Protraction.  Elongation. 
E.xtension.  Prolixity.  Diffusiveness.  In- 
terminableness.    Tediousness. 

Brew,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  Sax. 
hreovan.  To  exjwse  to  the  action 
of  lieat.    Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Concoct.  Compound.  Hatch.  Mix. 
Piepare.  Season.  Impend.  Threaten.  In- 
crease.   Collect.    Form.    Grow.    Gather. 

Ant.  Pass.  Disperse.  Break.  filar 
Spoil.    Jliscompound. 

Bridle,  v.  fr.  To  hold  as  with 
a  bridle.     Sax.  hridd. 

Syn.  Curb.  Restrain.  Govern.  Control. 
Master.    Jloderate.    Compress. 

Ant.  Loosen.  Liberate.  Relax.  Dis- 
charge.   Ven  t. 

Brief.     See  Brevity. 
Bright,  adj.     Sax.     Applied 
to  nature,  art,  mind,  and  temper. 

Syn.  Shining.  Luminous.  Lucid.  Bril- 
liant. Burnished.  Radiant.  Sparkling 
Limpid.  Met.,  Clever.  Happy.  AVitty 
Joyous.    Cheerful. 

Akt.  Opaque.  Dull.  Dead.  Muddy 
Stupid.  Slow.  Sullen.  Dejected.  Cheerles» 
Joyless.     Imbecile. 

Brilliant,  adj.  From  the 
precious  stone  called  the  beryl. 
BriUiance  is  more  powerful 
brightness.  A  tiling  is  bright,  as 
reflecting  light ;  brilliant,  as  seem* 
ing  to  give  forth  light. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


m 

Sra.  Sparkling.  Flashing.  Radiant. 
Shining.  Lustrous.  Glorious.  Luminous. 
Effulgent     Bt-amin?. 

AST.    See  Uright. 

Bring,  v.  tr  Sax.  Irinrian. 
Implies  conveyance  in  the  direc- 
tion of  one's  self  or  one's  own 
mind  as  the  point. 

Srx.  Ketch.  Procure.  Adduce.  Import. 
Cause.    Produo^.    Induce. 

Akt.  Export.  Remove.  Abstract.  Sul>- 
tract.  Prevent.  Exclude.  Debar.  Trans- 
port. 

Brisk,  arf/.  Celtic.  Used  only 
of  visible  effects,  as, '  brisk  move- 
ments,' '  a  brisk  fire.' 

Srs.  Quick.  Lively.  Vivacious.  Active. 
Alert.    Nimble.    Sprightly.    Effervescent. 

Ant.  Slow.  Heavy.  Dull.  Inactive. 
Sluggish.  Indolent.  Unenergetic.    Stagnant. 

Bristling,  adj.  From  bristle. 
Sax.     Conspicuously  full.  ] 

Sts.    Stocked.      Full.  Multitudinous. 

Multifarious.    Swarming.  Crowded. 

^V>-T.  Bare.  Nude.  Scant.  Devoid. 
Vacant. 

Broach,  v.  tr.     See  Abroach. 

StTf.  Start.  Moot.  Launch.  Originate. 
Suggest.    Exhibit.    Propound. 

Ajxt.  Seal.  Secrete.  Reserve.  Repress. 
Cork.    Bottle. 

Broad,  adj.  Sax.  (Met.,  com- 
prehensive and  indelicate.) 

Stn.  Wide.  Extensive.  Expansive. 
Ample.  Liberal.  Comprehensive.  Unre- 
served.    Indelicate.    Coarse.    Generic. 

AXT.  Narrow.  Restricted.  Limitnl. 
Confined.  Bigoted.  Prejudiced.  Illiberal. 
Narrow-minded.  Reserved.  Veileti.  Shrouded. 
Shaded.  Sketchy.  Enigmatical.  Refined. 
Delicate.    Specific.    Pointed. 

Broadcast,  adj.  Tlu-own  a- 
broad. 

Sts.  Scattered.  Dispersed.  Profusely. 
Unsparingly.  Indiscriminately.  Injudi- 
ciously. Abroad.    Extensively. 

.<V}rr.  Collectedly.  Cncentrativcly. 
Sparingly.  Reservedly.  Locally.  Partially. 
Discreetly.    Charily. 

Brook,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hrucan,  to 
eat,  enjoy,  or  digest. 

Stn-.  Boar.    Tolerate.    Endure.    Permit. 
Akt.  Resist.    Present,    Reject. 

Bro\vbe.\.t,  V.  tr.  Sax.  bra;', 
the  hroir.  To  beat  down  by  the 
expression  of  the  coimteuance. 


.Snr.  Intimidate.  Dully.  Overcear 
Cow.    Overawe. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Rally.  Suppori. 
Countenance. 

Bruise,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  hruser 
to  break.     See  Break  and  Bray. 

Brunt,  n.  Sax.  brottt.  Conn, 
with  Bum.  A  hot  raging  vio- 
lence. 

S\-x.  Impulse.  Attack.  Onslanght.  Ag- 
gression. 

AsT.  Resistance.  Endurance,  Repul- 
sion. 

Brush,  v.  act.  and  neuter.  Old 
Fr.  hross>\  Conn,  with  Bristle.  1. 
The  rapid  motion  of  cleansing. 
2.  Eapid  motion  in  close  proxi- 
mity, 3.  Eapid  motion  in  the 
abstract. 

Svx.    Wipe.     Cleanse.      Sweep.      Dust 
Scrub.     Scrape.     Graze.     Touch.     Jostle. 
Scud.    Stir.    Scamper.    Hasten.    Bolt 
I        AST.  Befoul.     Begrime.     SoiL     Avoid. 
Gear.    Recede.    Dawdle.    Lag. 

Brutal,  «(//.  Bndum.  Having 
any  of  the  qualities  or  the  cha- 
racter of  a  brute  or  brutes. 

Srx.  Savage.  Inhuman.  Rude.  Stolid. 
Ignorant.  Dense.  Cruel.  "Violent.  \in- 
dictive.    Bloodthirsty.    Intemperate. 

AxT.  Humane.  Civilized.  Generous 
Intelligent.  Polished.  Chivalrous.  Con- 
scientious.   Self-controlled 

Bubble,  n.  Germ,  poppeln,  to 
bnhhle.  Used  metaphorically  for 
almost  anvthing  wantmg  solidity. 

Snr.  Trifle.  Toy.  Conceit  Fancy. 
Vision.    Dream.    Froth.    Trash. 

Akt.  Acquisition.  Prize.  Treasure. 
Pvcality.  Substance.  Verity  JeweL  Good. 
Advantage. 

Buffoon,  «.    It.  huff  a,  joke. 

Srs.  AVag.    Clown.    Jester. 

The  characteristic  quality  of 
the  buffoon  is,  that  he  makes 
himself  a  fool  for  the  arausoment 
of  others ;  that  his  jokes  dejwnd 
not  so  much  on  wit  as  on  tricks, 
ju-anks,  ix)stm-es,  and  external 
ilroUeries. 

Ant.  Wit.  Genius.  Philosopher.  Pe- 
dant Visionary  Dissembler  HypocrU*. 
Kuthusiasl.     I'rig. 


Synomjms  and  Antonyms. 


EuiLDiNG,  V.  Build.  Old 
Eui;.  bohh;  buUiUrifi. 

Syn.  f^ditice.  Arcliitccture.  Construc- 
tion.   Stniclure.     Kiecliun.     Fabric. 

Ant.  Kuin.  Dilapidation.  Dismantle- 
Kent.    Demolition. 

BriLDEK.     See  Buildiug. 

Bulk,  n.  Northern  word, 
meaning  swell  ing.  Taken  to  ex- 
press the  quantity  of  space  occu- 
pied by  a  substance,  or  its  quality 
of  entirencss.  Sometimes,  how- 
ever, used  like  mass,  as  equi- 
valent to  the  greater  jiart. 

Syn.  Mass.  'Whole.  Entirely.  Integrity. 
Majority.  Size.  Magnitude.  Body.  K.\- 
tension. 

Ant.  Tenuity.  Minority.  DismeniVwr- 
ment  Disintegration.  Diminution.  Tor- 
tlon.  Contraction.  Section.   Particle.   Atom. 

Bulky,  culj.    See  Bulk. 

Stn.  Huge.  Unwieldy.  Heavy.  ],argp. 
Ample.  Ponderous.  Gigantic.  Burly. 
Brawny.    Cumbrous.    Massive. 

Ant.  Small.  Light.  Slight.  Airy.  De- 
licate. Nimble.  'I'liin.  Attenuated.  Sylph- 
like.   Slender.     Puny.    Tiny. 

Bully,  n.  Der.  uncertain. 
Variously  derived  from  Burly, 
Boil,  and  the  assumed  arrogance 
of  popes'  bulls.     .SVe  Blusterer. 

Bungler,  i>.  From  Bungle. 
Der.  quite  unknown. 

Stn.  Botcher.  Clown.  Fumbler.  Lubber. 
Novice. 

Ant.  Adept.  Adroit,  blaster.  Artist. 
Workman.    Proficient.    Prolessor. 

Buoy,  v.  tr.  Low  Lat.  hoja.  A 
log  or  clog  of  wood  bound  with 
metal.     Used  metaphorically. 

SvN.  Float.    Support.    Sustain.  Klevate. 

Elate.    Assure.    Animate.    Cheer.  Inspire. 

Ant.  Sink.    Drown.    Depress.  Swamp. 

Overcome.    Deject.    Crush.    Fail.  Betray. 

Buoyant,  adj.    See  Buoy. 

Syn.  Light,  i'loating.  Hopeful.  Cheer- 
ful.    Elastic.    Joyous. 

Ant.  Heavy.  Depressed.  Cheerless. 
Jojless.    Dejected.    Moody.    Desponding. 

Burden,  n.  Northern  word, 
with  the  root  Bear.  Anytliing 
borne,  being  weighty.  Physically 
or  metaphorically,  or  the  effect 


Gl 


of  it,  as,  labour,  difficulty,  or 
gi-ief. 

Syk.  Load.  Weight.  Incubus.  Obstruc- 
tion. Oppression.  Difficulty.  Grief.  Afflic- 
tion. 

Akt.  Ease.  Lightness.  Airiness.  Fa- 
cility. Expedition.  Acceleration.  Abjuga- 
tion.  Liberation.  Light-heartedness.  Cod- 
solalion.  Alleviation.  Assuagement.  Miti- 
gation.   Disburdenment. 

Burke,  v.  From  an  Irish 
murderer,  who  suffocated  liis 
victims  with  pitch  plaster ;  hence, 
to  remove  with  as  little  noiso 
and  violence  as  possible. 

Syn.  stifle.    Shelve.    Strangle,  Smother. 

Ant.  Enucleate.  Propound.  Pronmlge. 
Piiblicate.  Promote.  Foster.  Eliminate. 
Ventilate.    Reanimate.    Suscitate.    Bruit. 

BuRLrsQUE,  n.  and  adj.  It. 
and  Sp.  hurla,  mockery.  The 
word  is  restricted  by  usage  to 
the  ludicrous  exhibition  of  matter 
which  is  in  itself  not  of  that  cha- 
racter. It  is  s5^lonJ^nous  with 
Satire,  only  so  far  as  that  it  is  in 
itself  satirical ;  not  that  it  has 
the  object  of  satire— to  ridicule 
persons  or  vices.  It  is  generally 
literary. 

Syn.  Parody.  Satire.  Travesty.  Cari- 
cature.    Grotesque. 

Ant.  to  adj.  Classic.  Pure.  Severe 
Tragic.    Historic.    Grave.     Truthful. 

Burly,  adj.  Der.  uncertain. 
Boila,  a  tassel,  in  Span.  Thick. 
See  Bulky. 

Burn,  v.  Sax.  hrennan,  to  hum. 
Act.  and  neut.  Used  in  the  neut. 
metaph.,  to  be  under  the  influ- 
ence of  desire. 

Syn.  Ignite.  ICindle.  Brand.  Cauterize. 
Consume.  lUige.  Glow.  Blaze.  Flash 
Smoulder. 

Ant.  Extinguish.  Stifle.  Subside.  Cool. 
Glimmer.    Lower.    Wane.    Pale. 

Burnish,  v.  tr.  Fr.  hrunir. 
Sax.  hrun,  hroion.  It  seems  liai'd 
to  coimect  the  ideas  of  brownness 
and  brightness.  Probably;  how- 
ever, the  metals  at  the  first  bum- 


62 


Sijuouf/ms  and  Antonyms. 


iflliod  wtirc  the  less  precious.  So 
a  bar  of  ii-on  would  be  burnislied ; 
but  tlie  more  attractive  idea  of 
?3uniisluug  gold  has  given  to  th6 
term  a  hghter  histre  than  what 
originally  belonged  to  it. 

.SlW.  Polish.    Brighten.    Glaze.    GIozp. 
Ant.    Scratch.    DulL     Abrade.     Bedim. 
Cloud.     Frost.     Matt. 

Burst.  ?\  int.  Sax.  lerstan. 
Act.  and  nent. 

Stn.  Displode.    E.^ctravasate.    Discharge. 
Shiver.    Shatter.    Explode. 
Ant.  Hold.    Cohere.    Stand. 

Burst,  n.    Ste  v. 

Bury,  v.  fr.  Sax.  Conn,  with 
Biu-row.  Used  often  in  a  meta- 
phorical sense. 

Srx.  Inter.  Inhume.  Conceal.  Repress. 
Suppress.  Obliterate.  Cancel.  Compose. 
Hush. 

Ant.  Disinter.  Exhume.  Bruit.  Ex- 
pose. Resuscitate.  Publicate.  Aggravate. 
'Excavate. 

Business,  «.  Germ,  hesifj,  husy. 
1 ,  That  about  which  one  is  busy. 
2  That  which  has  been  brought 
ftbout  by  any  means. 

Stn.  Occupation.  Profession.  Trade. 
Oalling  Office.  Employment.  Interest. 
Duty.    Affair.    Matter.    Concern. 

Ant.  Stagnation.    Leisure.    Inactivity. 

Bustle,  v.  Der.  uncertain; 
but  probably  same  as  Busy,  of 
%vhich  it  expresses  the  weak  side. 
It  expresses  the  condition  of  per- 
sons and  places,  that  is,  persons 
•collectively. 

Syn.  Business.  Stir.  Activity.  Com- 
motoD.  Energy.  Excitement.  Haste. 
Hurry.    Eagerness.    Flurry. 

Ant.  Idleness.  Vacation.  Inactivity. 
Indolence.  Indifference.  Unconcern  edness. 
Coolness.  Calm.  Stagnation.  Quiet.  De- 
sertion. 

But,  adv.  and  prep.  Sax.  hitan, 
to  be  without.  So,  about,  on  the 
outer  side;  hence,  the  force  of 
But  is  limitation  or  exception. 
*  None  but  he '  would  mean  none 
put  him  out  or  except  him. 


Sin.  Save.  Except.  D;irrir.g.  Heaiie. 
Yet.    Excluding. 

Ant.  With.  Includivjc.  Tnclusi'^e.  Not- 
■withstanding.    Nevertheless.    However. 

Buxom,  o///.  Genn.  bicgsam, 
compUditt.  The  other  ideas  at- 
tached to  the  word,  hence,  are 
accretive,  such  as— 

Si-N.  Bonny.  Blithe.  Shapely,  &c.,  for 
which  see  Bonny. 

Buy,  v.  tr.  Sax.  To  procure 
anything  for  money,  not  only 
materials  but  indirect  advan- 
tages. 

SrN.  Purchase.  Bribe.  Subsidize.  Suborn. 

The  three  latter  are  applied  to 
persons,  not  possessions. 

Ant.  Sell.    Vend.    Hawk.    KeLii!. 

Buyer,  n.    See  Buv. 


C. 

Cabal,  n.  Fr.  cahale.  Heb. 
guhbala,  mystic  tradition. 

A  cabal,  as  the  word  is  com- 
monly Ui3ed,  is  a  company  united 
in  a  close  design.  The  Hebrew- 
element  of  handing  down  the 
traditions  of  the  association  being 
lost  sight  of.  By  a  quaint  co- 
incidence, in  1671,  the  initial 
letters  of  the  British  cabinet 
ministers  formed  the  word  cabal. 

Stn.  Confi  (ieracy.  Conspir.icy.  Combi- 
nation. Coterie.  Gang.  Faction.  League. 
Conclave.    Clique, 

Ant.  Parliament.  Legislation.  Govern- 
ment.   Empire.    Council.    Synod. 

Cabalistic,  adj.  See  Cabal. 
In  this  word  there  is  no  political 
tinge,  but  only  that  of  mystic 
interpretation. 

Syn.  Mystic.  Symbolical.  Fanciful 
Occult. 

Ant.  P.itent.  Practical.  Instructive. 
Lucid.    Simple. 

Cabbage,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  cJiohj: 
cnbiis.  Headed  cole,  from  caput. 
Comp.  the  heraldic  term,  Ca- 
boshed,  beheaded. 


iSrjnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


To  ciilibago  is  to  filch,  as 
tailors  are  said  to  snij)  cloth  to 
tlieir  owni  advantage.  The  idra 
seems  to  be  that  of  snipping  oti'. 
But  comp.  Du.  kubassen. 

Sra.  Rob.    Steal.  Filch.  Puclcet.  Shirk. 
Crib.    Pillage.    Abstract.    Pilfer.     Puiluiii. 
AST.  See  Purloin. 

Cachinnation.  v.  Cachinnarp. 
A  monkey's  grin  ;  the  lowest  as- 
pect of  laughter. 

Syx.  Grin.  Chuclile.  Giggle.  Snigger. 
Titter.    Cackle. 

AxT.  l.oni;-facedness.   A\'bine.  AVliiuiper. 

Cackle,  n.  A  term  formed 
in  imitation  of  the  noise  of  a  hen, 
and  bearing  the  twofold  sense 
of  laiighter  and  tale-bearing — 
pointing  the  moral  that  slander 
commonly  comes  of  silliness. 
*SVe  Cachinnatiou,  and  Blab,  Bab- 
bler, Babble. 

Cadaverous,  arlj.  Cadaver,  a 
c(yi-pse,  from  cado,  J  fall.  Like  a 
corpse. 

Snf.  Pale.  Exsangtiineous.  Bloodless. 
Hueless.    Pallid.    Ashy.    Ghastly. 

AxT.  Rosy.  Incarnadine.  Sanguine. 
Chubby.    Branny. 

Caducity,  w.  Caducus,  given 
iofalUriq.     (JwJo,  I  fall. 

Stn.  Decline.  Infirmiiy.  Decrepitude.  ' 
Senility.     Decadence.    Transience.   Delicacy,  i 

Ant.  Vouih.  Frcslin.-ss.  Vigour.  Vi- 
tality.   Renovation.    Permanence. 

Cage,  v.  tr.    Norm.  cage. 

Stn.  Jmprison.  Immure.  Incarcerate. 
Confine.    Cabin.    Crib. 

AxT.  Liberate.    Free.    Dismiss.    Unbar_ 

Caitiff,  n.  Captivus.  It.  cat- 
tivo,  had.  As  if  servitude  and  op-  j 
pression  tended,  as  they  certainly  I 
do,  to  the  moral  deterioration  of 
men. 

Snr.  Rascal.  Miscreant.  Rogue.  CTinrl. 
Villain.     Ruffian. 

A>'r.  Worthy.  Gentleman.  Philanthro- 
pist.   Patriot. 


Cajole,  v.  tr.  Fr.  cajoler.  To 
flatter,  from  Norman  cage.  Either 
to  allure  into  a  cage,  and  so  to 


entrap;  or  to  keep  up  a  chatter- 
ing, wheedling  talk,  like  a  bird 
in  a  cage. 

Sts.    Tempt.      Lure.    Wheedle.     Coax. 
I  Flatter.     Inveigle.     Dupe. 
I        Akt.  Chide.     liate.    Scold.     Warn. 

I  Calamitous,  Calamity.  Cala- 
mus, a  stalk.  A  blasting  orblight- 

'  ing  influence  on  the  grain.  An 
influence  of  ill  personally  or  col- 
lectively.   Adj.  and  n.  DoubtfuL 

SvN.  Disaster.  Misfortune.  Misadvai- 
ture.  Trouble.  Visitation.  Affliction.  Re- 
vei-se.    Blight. 

Ant.  Blessing.    Boon.    God-send. 

Syn.  to  Calamitous,  adj.  Disastrous.  Un- 
fortrmate.  Troublous.  Ill-starred.  Inaus- 
picious.   Ill-omened. 

Ant.  Felicitous.  Fortunate.  Auspicious. 
Favourable.     Propitious.    Advantageous. 

Calculate,  v.  tr.  Calx,  cal- 
culus. A  pebble  used  in  primi- 
tive apparatus  for  coimting. 

Stn.  Consider.  Estimate.  Weigli.  Ap- 
portion. Proportion.  Investigate.  Reckon. 
Compute. 

Ant.  Conjecture.  Guess.  Hit.  Chance. 
Risk.    Stake.    Miscalculate. 

Calculated,  adj.  See  Calcu- 
late. 

Stn.  Fitted.  Adapted.  Congenial.  Con- 
ducive. 

Ant.  Unfitted.  Unadapted.  IJncon- 
genial.  Unconducive.  Adverse.  Unquali- 
fied.   Un»uited.    Miscalculated.    Ill-adapted. 

Calculating,  adj.  See  Calcu- 
late. 

Syn.  Wary.  Cautious.  Circumspect.  Sa- 
gacious.   Farsighted.    Caretnl.    Guarded. 

Ant.  Shortsighted.  Dull  Obtuse.  Im- 
provident.   Incautious.    Rash.    Careless. 

Calculation.  See  Calculate. 
The  fact  and  the  quality. 

Syn.  Consideration.  Estimation.  Balance. 
Apportionment,  investigation.  Reckoning. 
Computation.    Anticipation.  Caution.  Care. 

Ant.  Incoiisiderateness.  Inconsideration. 
Incaution.  Indi.-icretion.  Miscalculation. 
Misconception.  Exclusion.  Omission.  Se- 
position.    E.xccpiion.    Carelessness 

Calibre,?/.  Said  to  be  7 ''^?  libra. 
With  what  weight  of  ball;  or, 
possibly,  a  corruption  of  equi- 
iibrium,  that  is,  proportion  of 


64 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 


bore  to  ball.    The  extent  or  force 
of  mind.  Derivation  doubtful 

Stn.  Gauge.  Diameter.  Capacity. 
Ability.    Force.    Strength.    Power. 

Ant.  Its  correlative,  as,  character,  mind, 
&c. 

Calm,  v.  tr.  It.  and  Span. 
cahna.  Possibly  connected  ^vitli 
Gr.  Kavfia,  heat.  The  heat  of  the 
day ;  a  dead  calm. 

Syn.  Smooth.  Pacify.  Allay.  Com- 
pose.   Still. 

Ant.  Stir.  Agitate.  Excite.  Lash. 
Baffle.    Heat.    Discompose.    Disconcert. 

Calumniator,  n.  Lat.  cahtm- 
niari. 

Stn.  See  Backbiter. 

Calumny,  n.    See  above. 

Stn.  Slander.  Defamation.  Detraction. 
Libel.    Traducement. 

Ant.  Vindication.  Clearance.  Eulogy. 
Panegyric. 

Cancel,  v.  tr.  CancelU,  bars 
or  grating.  Comp.  Chancel,  a 
railed  portion  of  a  church ;  Chan 
cellor,  the  judge  within  the  rails. 
To  obliterate  a  document  by  lines 
crossing  and  recrossing,  like  a 
grating.  The  annulling  of  a 
deedj  obligation,  or  circumstance. 

Stn.  Obliterate.  Erase.  Abolish.  Coun- 
tervail.   Discharge. 

Ant.  Enforce.  Enact.  Re-enact.  Cou. 
firm.    Perpetuate.    Contract. 

Candid,  adj.  Candidm.  Of  a 
shining,  as  distinct  from  a  dead 
whiteness.  Of  transparent  dis- 
position, from  mndere,  to  hum. 
Comp.  Candle.  Used  metaphori- 
cally of  transparency  of  disposi- 
tion, 

Stn.  Fair.  Honest.  Open.  Transparent. 
Unreserved.    Ingenious.    Sincere. 

Ant.  Unfair.  Close.  Jlysterious.  Re- 
eerved.  Shuffling.  Disingenuous.  Insln- 
sere.    Jesuitical. 

Candipate,  11.  Candldata  toga, 
tho  robe  of  a  more  shining  white, 
worn  by  those  who  sought  offices 
in  ancient  Kome. 

Sth.  Aspirant.  Canvasser.  Applicant. 
Pttltioner.    Solicitor.    Claimant. 


I       Airr.    Waiver.      Decliner.      Abandoxict 
Resigner.    Abjurer.    Noncompetitor. 

Candour,  n.    See  Candid. 

Canon,  n.  Gr.  A  hollow 
cane,  used  as  a  rule  or  measure. 
The  qualities  of  length  and  hol- 
lo-miess  survived  in  the  word 
cannon,  wliich  is  the  same  word. 
(Technically,  in  the  Church,  a 
dignitary.) 

Syn.  Kiile.  Measure.  Test.  Lav?.  Re- 
gulation. 

Ant.  .Misguidance.  Antinomy.  Irregu- 
larity.   Misrule. 

Canvass,  v.  tr.  Cannabis, 
hemp. 

This,  made  into  coarse  cloth, 
would  be  the  material  of  shij^s' 
sails  or  the  painter's  canvas.  The 
same  kind  of  cloth  might  bo 
used  as  a  strainer ;  hence,  to  can- 
vass would  literally  be  to  strain 
off  minute  particles  of  sediment ; 
or,  metaphorically,  to  insjject  de- 
tails, as,  of  a  statement.  After- 
wards, a  careful  application  to 
every  individual  of  a  constitu- 
ency for  his  votes,  in  order  to  be 
returned  to  office. 

SvN.  Question.  Investigate.  Challenge. 
Test.    Dispute.    Solicit. 

Ant.  Pretermit.  Allow.  Ignore.  Dis- 
regard. Admit.  Pass.  Misexamine.  Mis- 
investigate. 

Cap.\bility,  n.     Capio,  I  take 

or  hold. 

Capability  is,  strictly  speaking, 
undeveloped  capacity,  and  bears 
reference  to  matters  of  action,  as 
capacity  to  matters  of  mind  and 
understanding. 

Syn.  Cleverness.  Aptitude.  Talent.  Ca- 
pacity.   Power.    Facility.    Faculty. 

Ant.  Dulness.  Inaptitude.  Awkward- 
ness.   Difficulty. 

Capacity,  n.  Capax,  capcrc. 
The  jiower  of  holding,  grasping, 
or  comprehending.  /SVc  Capa- 
bility. It  is  technically  ased  for 
character  or  part. 


tSy.ionyms  and  Antonyms. 


Sr».  J/^mcK.  Size.  Volume.  Tonnage. 
Calibre.  Comprehensiveness.  Accommoda- 
tion. 

Ant.  Narrowness.  Restriction.  Incapa- 
city.   Coarctation.    Contractedness. 

Capacious,  a<lj.   See  Capacity. 

SvN.  Spacious.  Voluminous.  Compre- 
hensive. Ample.  Accommodative.  Ksten- 
sive.    Wide. 

Ant.  Narrow.  Restricted.  Limited. 
■Com  fined.    Shallow.    Contracted,    Petty. 

Capital,  ad/.    Caput,  the  head. 

Stn.  Chief.  Excellent.  Important  Car- 
♦linal.    PrincipaL    Consummate.    High. 

Ant.  Inferior.  Unimportant.  Subordi- 
iiate.    Minor.    Defective.    Mean. 

Capitulate,  v.  in  t.  Capu  t,  ca- 
pifalare.  A  heading,  chapter,  or 
olaiise,  especially  the  conditions 
of  a  treaty  of  siu-render. 

.Sin.  Stipulate.  Surrender.  Yield.  Sub- 
mit. 

Akt.  Resist.    Struggle.    Contend. 

Caprice,  ??.     See  Capricious. 

Capricious,  adj.  Caper,  a  goat. 
Like  the  friskiness  or  wantonness 
of  a  goat. 

^  Syn.  Wayward.  Uncertain.  Changeful. 
AVhimsical.         Humorsome.  Crotchety. 

Ficl{le.    Inconstant. 

Ant.  Firm.  Unchanf;in?;.  Inflexible. 
Decided.    Unswerving.    Constant. 

Captious,  adj.  Capture,  capere, 
:<>  catch.  Given  to  catching  at 
•defects  or  objections. 

Stn.  Carping.  Cavilling.  Censorious. 
Hypercritical. 

Ant.  Appreciative.  Commendatory.  En- 
couraging. Complimentary.  Approving. 
Laudatorj'.    Flattering. 

Captivated,  part.    See  above. 

Sin.  Taken.  Charmed.  Smitten.  Fas- 
cinated.   Enslaved.    Captured.    Enthralled. 

Ant.  Free.  Unaffected.  Uninfluenced. 
Unscathed.    Insensible.    Insensitive. 

Captivating,  adj.    See  above. 

Stn.  Charming.  Fascinating.  Bewitch- 
ing.   Alluring.    Seductive.    Attractive. 

Ant.  Hideous.  Loathsome.  Repulsive. 
Uncaptivating.    Uninteresting. 

Cardinal,  adj.  Cardo,  a  hinqe. 
Important  enough  to  be  that  on 
which  a  thing  turns  or  hinges.  I 
Aj8  important  as  the  hinge  to  the  ' 


65 

door  by  which  it  stands  and 
moves;  hence,  chief,  important. 
'S'ee  Capital. 

Care,  n.  Cura,  care.  Is  used 
of  attentive  anxiety  of  mind,  and 
also  the  exhibition  of  it,  as.  cau- 
tion or  custody. 

Stk.  Attention.  Pains.  Anxiety.  Soli- 
citude.  Caution.  Prevention.  Custody. 
Preservation.  Thrift.  Foresight.  Wariness. 
Prudence.    Economy.    Heed. 

Akt.  Inattention.  Neglect.  Indifference, 
Carelessness.  Disregard.  Temerity.  Re- 
missness. Improvidence.  Unguardedness 
Incaution. 

Career,  n.  Carrus,  a  waggon 
or  cart.  Comp.  Cart,  Carry,  Car- 
riage, Charge.  Cargo,  &c.  A 
road.  A  way  of  progress  or  suc- 
cess in  life. 

Syn.  Course.  Success.  Walk.  Line. 
Progress. 

Ant.  Misproceeding.  Unsuccess.  Mis- 
deportment.    Miscarriage. 

Careful,  adj.    See  Care.     ' 

Careless,  adj.    See  Care. 

Caress,  n.  Caritia,  endear- 
metit,  from  cams,  dear. 

Stn.  Endearment.  Blandishment.  Strok- 
ing.   AVTieedling.    Fondling. 

Ant.  Vexation.  Irritation.  Annoyance 
Teasing.    Persecution.    Provocation. 

Cargo.     See  Career. 

Sn«.  Freight.      Burden.      Load.      Con- 
signment. 
Ant.  Conveyance.    Bearer.    Carrier. 

Caricature,  n.  Carrus.  See 
Career.  Carkare,  to  carry  abottt. 
Either,  therefore,  absurd  charac- 
ters gouig  about  in  carts,  as  at 
fau-s,  or  an  overcharged,  over- 
loaded description  or  delineation. 
It  is  used  broadly  of  all  exag- 
gerated or  ludicrous  descriptions. 

Stn.  Mimicry.  Travesty.  Parody.  Bur- 
lesque. Extravagance.  Exaggeration.  Hy- 
perbole.   Monstrosity. 

Ant.  Portraiture.  Representation.  Re- 
"      ■  Fidelity.      ~ 


Justice. 


Truth- 


semblance, 
falness. 

Cabnage,  n.    See  Carnal     A 
mass  of  massacred  remains. 

F 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyim. 


0(3 

Syn.  Massacre.  SVaughter.  Bloodshed.  | 
Buttliery. 

Ant.  Ransom.    Deliverance.    Quarter. 

Carnal,    wlj.      Caro,    carnis, 

flssh. 

Stn  Fleshly.  SensuaL  Licentious. 
St-lf-indulgent.    Animal.    Base.    Coarse. 

Ant.  Spiritual.  Etliereal.  Pure^  Self- 
controlled.    Temperate.    Exalted.   Refined. 

Carnival,  ti .  Came  vale,  fare- 
well to  the  flesh.  The  last  days 
of  festivity  before  licnt :  used  of 
rollicking  festivities  in  general. 

Syn.  Revel.    Route.    Masquerade.    Fes- 

'^'ant.  Fast    Mortification.     Retirement. 
Lent. 

Carol,  v.  int.  Low  Lat., 
Carola.  Formed,  perhaps,  from 
chorus ;  originally  a  combmation 
of  song  and  dance;  afterwards, 
song  of  more  than  one  without 
the  dancing  ;  lastly,  the  cheerful 
notes  of  a  solitary  singer. 

Stn  Sing.  Warble.  Chirp.  ^Vhistle. 
Chirrup.    Chant.    Hum. 

Ant.  Whine.  Croak.  Cry.  Dirge. 
Lament. 

Carouse,  5?.  Old  Yv.  Carousse. 

Stn.  FestiTity.  Feast.  Banquet.  Revel. 
Debauch. 

Ant.  Fast.  Starvation.  Maceration. 
Abstinence. 

Carp,  v.  int.  Carpere,  to  plurlc 
or  pick.  To  pick  holes,  more 
especially  in  statements  of  others, 
and  for  the  sake  of  fault-finding. 
As  a  transitive  verb  it  is  followed 
b\'  the  preposition  at. 

Stn  Cavil.  Censure.  Cliallenge.  Over- 
haul. Canvass.  Hypercriticise.  Catch. 
Object.  .  .    .,     ^ 

Ant  Allow.  Concede.  Admit.  Com- 
pliment. Encourage.  Approve.  Applaud. 
Kiidorse.    Acquiesce.    Assent. 

Carpet,  n.  Said  to  be  from 
tapis  andcaire  ovcairo,  as  we  say 
a  Turkey  carpet.  Of  old,  the 
Avord  was  used  for  a  covering  of 
the  table  as  well  as  the  floor; 
hence  to  be  on  the  tapis,  or  car- 
pet, was  to  be  not  ou  the  floor, 


but  the  table,  as  matter  of  con- 
sultation. 

Stn.  Board.  Table.  Congidcratioa. 
Consultation. 

Ant.  Shelf.  Rejection.  Disposal.  01^ 
livlon. 

Carriage,  n.  Carrus.  &-e 
Caricature.  Has  not  only  the 
direct  active  physical  sense  of 
transportation,  as  well  as  the 
neuter  sense  of  movement  or 
bearing,  but  the  moral  and  re- 
flexive sense  of  demeanour  or 
conduct.  It  is  also  used  of  the 
thing  on  which  we  carry. 

Stn.  Transportation.  Conveyance.  Bear- 
in-'     Manner.    Conduct.    Demeanour. 

°Ant.  Jtisconveyance.  Miscarriage.  Mis- 
conduct.   Misconsignment. 

Case,  n.  The  multiplicity  of 
meanings  belonging  to  this  word 
springs  partly  from  its  broad 
and  generic  character,  but  partly 
also  from  the  fact  that  it  is  in- 
deed two  words  in  one,  being 
derived  in  one  sense  from  casus, 
a  b  'falling,  from  cadere,  to  falL 
and" in  others  from  capsa,  a  chest 
or  box.  For  instance,  the  medical 
man  uses  one  word  when  he 
speaks  of  a  case  of  fever,  the 
other,  when  he  speaks  of  his 
case  of  instruments.  Both  words 
have  suggested  metaphorical 
meanings.  Such  are  the  fol- 
lowing. „  . 

SYN.'Occurrence.  Circumstance,     tact. 

Subject.    Condition.  Insiauce 

AST.  Hypothesis.  Supposition.  Theory. 
Fancy.    Conjecture. 

Cast,  v.  Of  Northern  origin. 
The  root  idea  is,  to  throw.  The 
kind  or  direction  of  throwing 
determines  the  character  ot  the 
metaphor.  ^         „ 

Stn  So,  to  throw  down,  as  the  wrestler ; 
aside  to  reject;  into  condemnation,  as  a 
U  vsuit;  before  the  mind's  eye,  so  to  pr<^ea 
or  forecast,  abroad,  and  so  spread;  into 
8hu.f  and  80  mould,  6  amp.  or  charactpnic 

Ant.  lUibo.    Elcv.  ,te.    Recover.    Lrcct 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Accept.  Approve.  Retain.  Carry.  Ignore. 
Miscalculate.  AlisproTide.  Break.  Dissi- 
pate.   Dismember.    Dislocate. 

Cast,  n. 

Stn.  Mould.    Stamp.    Kind.    Character. 
Ant.  Malformation.     Deformity.     Ab- 
normity. 

Caste,  n.  Castus,  pure.  Pure 
or  unmixed  lineage,  as  the  here- 
ditary castes  of  India.  As  the 
Indian  term  is  colour,  the  sense 
of  colour  has  imperceptibly  at- 
tached itself  to  the  word  caste. 
It  is  taken  to  signify  the  class  of 
the  reputable  and  honoured. 

Stn.  Class.  Order.  Rank.  Lineage. 
Race.    Blood.    Dignity.    Respect. 

Ant.  Degradation.  Taboo.  Disrepute. 
Abasement.    Reproach. 

Castigate,  v.  tr.  Castus,  pure. 
To  purify  or  correct  by  personal 
discipline  or  punishment. 

Stn.  \Vhip.    Flagellate.    Cane. 

Ant.    Reward.      Kncourage.     Decorate. 

Caress. 

Casual,  adj.  Casus,  a  lefull- 
ing.     Cadere,  to  fall. 

Stn.  Accidental.  Occasional.  Incidental. 
Fortuitous.    Contingent. 

Ajnt.  Regular.  Ordinary.  Systematic. 
Periodic.    Certain.    Fixed.    -See  Casualty. 

Casualty,  n.  See  Casual. 
Chance  or  Liability,  with  a  leaning 
to  the  unfavourable. 

Stn.  Accident.  Contingency.  Chance. 
Mischance.     See  Accident. 

Ant.  Appointment.  Assignment.  Pro- 
vision.   Ordinance.    Enactment, 

Casuistry,  n.  See  Casual. 
The  science  of  treating  cases  of 
conscience. 

As  tliis  is  popularly  considered 
to  result  in  unnecessary  and  un- 
edifying  refinements,  the  term 
has  acquired  the  popular  accepta- 
tion of  straw-splitting. 

Stn.  Sophistry.  Jesuitry.  Fallacy. 
Refiuement.    Quibble.    Straw-splitting. 

A.-JT.  Reason.  Conscience.  Common- 
Bcrse. 

C/.TASTROPHE,  n.  Kara,  and 
aTpo<f>r],  a  turn.   A  sudden  down- 


67 


ward  or  unfavourable    turn   of 
things. 

Stn.  Revolution.  Disaster.  Calamity 
Misfortune.  Misadventure.  Reverse,  Blovr 
Visitation. 

Ant.  Blessing.  Victory.  Triumph 
Achievement.  Fellcitetion.  Ovation.  Suc- 
cess.   Godsend. 

Catch,  v.  tr.  See  Captious. 
Physical  and  mental. 

Stn.  Take.  Siege.  Arrest.  Compre 
hend.    Hit.    Overtake.    Apprehend. 

Ant.   Lose.        Miss.        Misapprehend. 

Catechism,  n.  Kara,  and  ^'xos, 
sound.  Oral  instruction  or  ex- 
amination by  question  and  an- 
swer. Hence  a  collection  of 
items  of  belief  or  persuasion. 

Stn.  Erotetics.  Socralics.  Interrogation. 
Creed.    System.    Compendium. 

Ant.  Reading.  Excogitation.  Kla- 
boration.  , 

Catechumen,  n.  See  Cate- 
chism. One  under  process  of 
preparatory  instruction. 

Stn.  Tyro.     Learner.     Pupil.     Novice. 


Scholar. 

Ant.    Master. 
Teacher.    Savant. 


Doctor.         Professor. 


Categorical,  adj.  Kara,  and 
ayopday,  I  state.  Appertaining  to 
directness  of  statement. 

Stn.  Plain.  Positive.  Declaratory. 
Demonstrative,    ABirmative.    Distinct. 

Ant.  Obscure.  Uncertain.  Dubious. 
Contingent.  Hypothetical.  Ambiguous 
Oracular.    Enigmatical.     Mystical.    Hazy. 

Category,/?,  ^-p Categorical. 
Used  in  its  Aristotelian  sense  of 
abstract  classification,  and  thence 
of  classification  generally. 

Stn.  State.     Kind.     Condition.    Nature 
Order.    Sort.    Class.     Predicament.     Mixie 
Ant.  Essence.    Truth.    Being. 

Causality,  n.  Giusa,  a  causr. 
The  property  of  producing  effects, 
sometimes  used  of  the  faculty  ot 
tracing  them. 

Stn.  "Eventuality.  Potentiality.  Effer- 
tuality.  Productiveness.  Operativentes 
Conduciveness. 

Ant.  Prevent! veness.  ObBtructivenws 
Retardativcncss.     Counteractivity.    Unm*/- 

V  2 


68 


diictiveness.      Ineffeciiveness.     Barrenness, 
liioperativejess. 

Causation,  v.    See  Causality. 

Causation  is  tlie  process,  as 
causability  is  the  property,  of 
producing  eflfects. 

Cause,  n.  Caum.  That  by 
force  or  reason  of  which  some- 
thing else  is  brought  about. 
Aristotle's  causes  were  efficient, 
final,  material,  and  formal,  nearly 
answering  to  the  agent,  or  origin, 
the  purpose,  the  logical  definition, 
and  the  creation.  Of  these,  only 
the  first  was  a  cause,  in  the  mo- 
dern sense ;  the  rest  were  scien- 
tific views  and  philosophical  ac- 
counts and  modes  of  conception. 
It  is  popularly  used  in  the  sense 
of  a  common  pui-pose  which  men 
have  at  heart. 

Stn.  Source.  Origin.  Agent.  Producer. 
Creator.  Purpose.  Inducement.  Reason. 
Account.     Principle.     Motive. 

Ant.  Effect.  Result.  Acconiplisbment. 
Kn.i.    Production.    Issue.    Preventive. 

Caustic,  rtf//.  Kal(o,fut,  Kava-o), 
1  hum.  Used  physically  and 
metaphorically  of  style,  of  re- 
mark, or  expression. 

Syn.  Burning.  Mordant.  Pungent 
Irritating.      Biting. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Mordant 

Pointed.       Sarcastic, 
rrenchant.    Severe. 

Ant.  Pointless.  Mild.  Soothing.  Con- 
ciliating.   Vapid.     Flat.    Tame. 

Caution,  n.  Cavere,  toheware. 
Prudential  foresight. 

Stn.  See  Care  and  Calculation. 

Cavil,  v.  int.  Cavum,  a  hoVom  ; 
cavdlum,  a  little  hole.  The  pick- 
ing holes  needlessly— the  making 
empty  and  hollow  criticism.  tSee 
Carp. 

Caviller.    See  Cavil. 

Celebration,  n.  Ceh-b:'r,fre- 
'/uent.  The  frequent  or  periodic 
keeping  up  of  the  pubhc  or  do- 
mestic remembrance  of   events 


or  persons,  by  ceremonss ;  after- 
wards admitting  of  this  without 
the  idea  of  repetition. 

Syn.  Commemoration.  Solemnizatiiai. 
Observance. 

Ant.  Oblivion.  Inobservance.  Desuetude. 
Obsolescence. 

Celebrated,  adj.  See  Cele- 
bration. 

Syn.  Famed.  Renowned.  Dlustrious. 
Famous.  Noted.  Distinguished.  Notable. 
Exalted. 

Ant.  Unrenowned.  Obscure.  Undis- 
tinguished.   Unknovpn.    Mean.     Disgraced. 

Celebrity,  n.  See  above. 
The  quality  of  being  celebrated. 
Also  sometimes  signifying  an 
illustrious  person. 

Stn.  t'ame.  Honour.  Glory.  P^eputa- 
tioii.  Distinction.  Renown.  Star.  Nota- 
bility. 

Ant.  Obscurity.  Meanness.  Inglorious- 
tipss.  Ignominy.  Disgrace.  Contempt. 
Cipher.    Nobody. 

Celerity,  n.     C'eler,  quick. 

Syn.  Rapidity.  Velocity.  Speed.  .T)e- 
spatch.     Haste. 

Ant.  Slowness.  Inertness.  Sluggish- 
ness.   Tardiness.    Cumbrousness. 

Celestial,  adj.  Calum.  Be- 
longing to  the  heavens,  or  heaven; 
that  is,  either  the  visible  or  spi- 
ritual heaven. 

Syn.  Heavenly.  Atmospheric.  Ethereal 

Supernal.  Angelic.  Radiant.  Eternal. 
Immortal. 

Ant.    Earthly.      Terrestrial.  Terrene. 

Sublunary.  Human.  Mortal.  Hellish. 
Infernal. 

Cement,  ?!.  and  v.  Vv.  Cement, 
dedimentum.  Caidere,  to  cut  or 
chip,  because  made  of  chips  of 
stone  or  marble  In-uised.  Meta- 
phorically used  for  unitive  or 
consolidating  power. 

Syn.    To  v.  Bind.     Bond.    Unite.    Per- 


integrate.    Divorce. 

Censorious,  adj.  Censeo,  I 
esfimntr.  Censor,  the  ancient 
Eoman  state-officer  of  morals. 
Its  present  acceptation  unplies 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


being  somewliat  xmduly  given 
to  criticism,  and  especially  ex- 
pression of  blame  towards  indi- 
viduals.   Sec  Cavil  and  Carp. 

Censure,  n.  See  Censorious. 
The  expression  of  opinion  about 
others,  partly  from  their  fault 
and  partly  from  our  own,  is  most 
likely  to  turn  to  blame.    Hence, 

Stn.    Blame.  Stricture.      Disapproval. 

Remonstrance.  Rebuke.  Keprimand. 
Dispraise. 

Ant.   Praise.  Eulogy.      Approbation. 

Encouragement.  Commendation. 

Central,  adj.  Gr.  Kivrpov, 
aprick,  thorn,  a  sharppoiuf.  The 
point  round  which  the  circle  is 
drawn.  Used  of  localities  near 
the  centre  of  a  district,  and  so, 
generally  accessible. 

Stn.  Mediate.    Accessible.    Convenient. 
Akt.  Remote.  Inaccessible.  Inconvenient. 

Centralize 
tral.  To  dra 
centre. 

Stn.  Concentrate.  Localize.  Fix.  Col- 
lect. 

Ant.  Disperse.  Disseminate.  Distribute. 
Apportion.    Divide.    Delocalize. 

Ceremonial,  adj.  Appertain- 
ing to  ceremony.  Also  used  as 
a  noun  for  a  ceremony  regarded 
more  in  detail.  A  public  and 
IDrolonged  ceremony. 

Stn.  Official.  Ministerial.  Functional. 
Pompous.    Imposing.     Sumptuous.    Scenic. 

Amt.  Ordinary.  Private.  Unimposing. 
Unostentatious.    Undramatic. 

Ceremonious,  adj.  Unduly 
given  to  form  and  ceremony. 
The  noun  is  derived  from  Care, 
a  city  of  ancient  Etruria,  from 
which  country  Eome  derived  its 
ancient  religious  ceremonies, 
offices,  forms  of  state,  and  the 
like. 

Stk.  Punctilious.    Formal. 
,»,  •^•, Brusque.      Blunt.       Supercilious. 
eiuff.     Unceremonious. 


tr.     See   Cen- 
to a   point  or 


69 


Certain,  adj.  Ortus,  orig. 
part.,  from  t'erno,  I  discrn. 

The  original  idea,  therefore, 
is  that  sureness  which  is  assur- 
ance. Ti-uth,  not  in  the  abstract, 
but  as  ascertained  or  verified, 
now  used  to  indicate  absolute 
certainty,  irrespective,  that  is,  of 
om-selves.  It  is  not  confined  to 
present  or  past  facts,  but  relates 
to  the  future  when  regarded 
as  being  as  sure  as  if  it  were 
present.  Thus,  'the  rising  of 
to-morrow's  sun  is  certain.'  It 
has  also  an  apparently  and  sepa- 
rate force,  as  in  the  phrase  '  a 
certain  man.'  The  meaning  here 
seems  to  be  an  assiu-ance  on  the 
part  of  the  narrator,  that  such  a 
man  is  or  was  implying  that  this, 
without  detail  of  name  or  de- 
scription, is  sufficient  for  the 
purposes  of  the  story. 

Stn.  True.  Fi.xed.  Established.  Regu- 
lar. Incontrovertible.  Undoubtful.  Un- 
deniable.   Positive.    Convinced.    Assured. 

Ant.  Uncertain.  Dubious.  Exceptional. 
Irregul.ar.  Casual.  Occasional.  Question- 
Uncertain.     Vacillaiiiig. 


Certainly,  adv.    See  Certain 

Stn.  Surely.  Positively.  Unquestion- 
ably. 

Ant.  Possibly.  Probably.  Perhaps. 
Contingently.    Occasionally.    Doubtfully. 

Certainty,  «.  See  Certain. 
Is  used  objectively  and  subjec- 
tively, that  is,  of  fixity  of  facts, 
and  of  confidence  in  the  observer 
or  speaker. 

Stn.  Assurance.  Demonstrableness.  Pisi- 
tiveness.  Unquestionablenes*.  Confidence. 
Conviction. 

Ant.    Dubiousne.ss.  Precariousncsa. 

Casualty.  Vicissitude.  Uncertainty.  Ir- 
regularity. Hesitiition.  Doubt.  Misgiving 
Conjecture.    Indecision. 

Certity,  V.  tr.  See  above. 
To  declare  or  prove  certain,  is 
used  of  things  and  of  persons  in 


70 


Si/iionynis  and  Antonyms. 


tho  sense  of  convince  or 
certain. 

Stn.  Acknowledge.  Avor.  Avow. 
Avouch.  Testify.  Protest.  Declare.  De- 
moDSlrate.  Prove,  Evidence.  Infoiin. 
Assure. 

Akt.  Disprove.  Disavow.  Misinform. 
Misadvise. 

Cessation,  n.  Cessare,  from 
r.cdcre,  to  cease. 

Sth.  Stopping.  Halt.  Discontinuance, 
yuiescence.  Suspension.  Intermission. 
Abeyance.    Pause.    Rest. 

Ant.  Continuance.  Uninterruptcdness. 
Un  intermission.    Incessancy. 

Cession,  n.     Cedere,  to  grant. 

SvN.  Concession.  Yielding.  Snrrender 
Abandonment.    Relinquishment.    Grant. 

Ant.  Retention.  Claimance.  Mainte- 
nance. Appropriation.  Usurpation.  Vin- 
dication.   Assumption. 

Chafe,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Cahfa- 
cere,  to  mnhe  hot. 

Syn.  Gall.  Vex.  Irritate.  Chagrin. 
Tease.  Harass.  Disappoint.  Grieve. 
Annoy.  Worry,  n.  Calcitrate.  Resent, 
Resist.    Fret.    Fidget.    Writhe. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Smooth.  Coax.  Calm. 
Humour.  Console,  v.  Submit.  Endure. 
Crouch.    Truclcle.    Succumb. 

Chaff,  «.  and  v.  Saxon  ceof, 
a  pod  or  husk. 

Stn.  Banter.  Bidinage.  Nonsense.  Fri- 
volity.   Trash.    Chaffer. 

Ant.  Emphasis.  Seriousness.  Sense. 
Substance,  Reason.  Argument,  I'ith, 
Marrow.    Gist. 

Chaffer,  v.  int.  Conn,  with 
Cheap,  an  old  word  for  market. 

SvN.  Haggle.  Bargain.  Stickle.  Higgle. 
Ryggie. 

Akt.  Close.  Conclude.  Agree.  Nego- 
tiate. 

Chagrin,  n.  and  v.  A  galling 
vexation.  Ch.agrin  or  Chagreen, 
a  hard  granulated  leather  (used 
also  of  a  certain  tough  lish-skiu, 
which  might  be  supposed  to 
chafe  the  limbs),     >S'ee  Chafe, 

Challenge,  v.  tr.  Calumniari. 
To  impeach,  and  so  force  a  man 
to  clear  himself.  To  summon  to 
account  for  himself,  as  the  chal- 


lenge of  a  sentinel.  As  applied 
to  statements,  to  dispute,  or,  at 
least,  call  in  question. 

SvN.  Defy.  Dare.  Summon.  Question. 
Investigate.     Canvass. 

Akt.  Pass.    Allow,    Grant.    Concede. 

Champion,  n.  Campio,  campus. 
A  man  of  the  field  or  lists,  A 
man  of  battle,  especially  on  be- 
half of  some  person  or  cause. 
Also  an  acknowledged  chief  in 
some  department  of  competition. 

Stn.  Hero.  Combatant.  Warrior.  Vin- 
dicator.   Challenger.    Protector.     Defender, 

Ant.  Renegade.  Deserter.  Poltroon. 
Miscieant.     Traitor.     Coward.     Adversary. 

Opponent. 

Chance,  n.  Cudcntia,  cadere, 
to  full.  A  befalment.  It  has 
lieen  said  that  chance  flows,  1, 
from  absence  of  assignable  cause ; 
2,  absence  of  aim  or  design. 
There  is  no  essential  difference 
between  these,  as  the  design 
would  be  the  cause. 

Syn.  Accident.  Furtuity.  Hazard.  Ran- 
dom.   Casualty.  Befalinout.     Luck. 

Ant.  Law.  Rule.  Sequence.  Conse- 
quence. Causation.  Effectuation.  Inten- 
tion,   Purpose.    Design.  Certainty. 

Change,  r).  and  v.  Camhire, 
whence  cambist,  one  learned  in 
the  theory  of  exchange.  Has  the 
threefold  meaning  of,  1,  altera- 
tion; 2,  substitution;  3,  vicissi- 
tude.  Fr,  changer, 

Syn.  Alter.  Vary,  Modify.  Diversify. 
Qualiiy.  Transmute.  Substitute.  Fluc- 
tuate.   Shift.    Veer.    E.xchange. 

Ant.  Con.serve.  Retiiin.  Stabilitate,  Fi.\. 
Clinch.    Stand.     Endure.    Last.     Hold. 

Changeable,  «(//'.,  Changeful, 
adj.     JSee  Change. 

It  were  well  to  keep  up  the 
distinction  between  these  words, 
so  as  to  use  the  former  for  such 
vicissitude  as  comes  of  liuman 
N\ill  or  caprice,  and  the  latter  of 
the  variabkaiess  of  incidents  and 
natural  influenctis.     So,  chajiiio- 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


fulness  of  we<atheror  life ;  change- 
ableness  of  disposition. 

Stn.  Regular.  Settled.  Steady.  Firm. 
StaUonaiy.  Consistent.  Resolute.  RelKible. 
Uiiileviating.  Uciform.  Immutable,  im- 
uiovalile. 

Ant.  Irregular.  Unsettled.  Un.steady. 
Wavering.  Fluctuating.  Capricious.  Irrc- 
ucilute.  Vacillating.  Variable.  Mutable. 
I'lastic. 

Character,  ??.  Gr.  xap«'o-a-o), 
I  (jroove  or  engrave.  A  sculp- 
"tiu-ed  symbol,  as  an  alphabetical 
character.  Taken  for  the  aggre- 
gate of  the  mental  and  moral 
qualities.  The  social  personality 
of  the  man;  hence,  also,  the  esti- 
mation in  which  he  is  held  by 
society,  -which  is  repute ;  or  his 
fixed  place  in  it,  sometimes 
called  capacity;  of  tilings  with- 
out hfe,  the  stamp  or  order. 

Stn.  Symbol.  Type.  LetUr.  Mature. 
Disposition.  Genius.  I'emperamcnt.  Cast. 
Estimation.  Repuie.  Reputation.  Office. 
Part.  Capacity.  Class.  Order.  Sort. 
Stamp.    Kind. 

Ant.  Vagueness.  Anonymousness.  Xon- 
description.    Disrepute. 

Characteristic,  >?.  and  adj. 
See  Character.  Stamping  vriih. 
n  distinctive  character,  or  pecu- 
liarly appertaining. 

Stn.  to  culj.  Distinctive.  Specific.  Pe- 
culiar.   I  )i;ignostic.    Idiosyncratic. 

AXT.  Common.  Generic.  Indistinctive. 
General.    Unspecial.    Impersonal. 

Snt.  to  noun.  Distinction  Peculiarity. 
?^)iitgnosis.  Idiosyncrasy.  Specialty.  Indi- 
viduality.   Personality.     Singularily. 

Ant.  Abstractedness.  Xondescription. 
Generality.     Jliscdlany. 

Characterize,  v.  tr.  See 
<;haracter. 

Srx.  Mark.  Distinguish.  Describe.  In- 
dividualize.   Specif.    Identify. 

Ant.  Hint.  Insinuate.  Suggest  Sketch. 
Ad  imbrate. 

Charge,  v.  tr.    See  Career. 

The  rudimental  notion  is  that 
of  pm-posely  placing  something 
u]3on  another  person,  or  place,  or 
thing,  as  the  dej)ository  of  it,  or  [ 


that  to  which  it  is  consigned. 
Hence  such  various  meanings  aa 
the  following,  involving,  injunc- 
tion, ti-ust,  accusation,  assault, 
valuation,  liability. 

Stn.  Direct.  Enjoin.  Advise.  Admonish. 
Entmst.  Commit.  Load.  Accuse.  Im- 
peach.   Attack.    Assault     Impute.    Carry. 

AST.  Clear.  Free.  Discharge.  Ac<iuit. 
Liberate. 

The  noun  follows  these  signifi- 
cations. 

Charitable,  adj.  Charity. 
Car  if  as.  The  Christian  grace  of 
love  to  God  and  man. 

Stn.  Kii:d.  Benign.  Benevolent,  Bene- 
ficent. Liberal.  Considerate.  Forgiving. 
Ccimpassionate.  Placable.  Jnexacting.  In- 
extreme. 

Ant.  Uncharitable.  Unkind.  Harsh. 
Selfish.  Churlish.  lUiberaL  Censorious. 
Unforgiving.  Uncompasslonate.  Implaca- 
ble. Extreme.  Exacting.  Eetaliatlve.  Re- 
vengeful. 

Charm,  r.  and  n.  Carmen,  a 
song  or  viagical  incantation. 

To  charm  is  to  afiect,  as  if 
magically,  like  bewitch.  Charms 
are  those  objects  or  personal  at- 
tractions, wliich  have  such  an 
elfect,  either  in  enslaving  the 
affections  or  subduing  the  fierce- 
ness or  hostihty  of  persons  or 
influences. 

Stn.  Bewitch.  Enchant.  Fascinate. 
Lay.  Soothe.  Mesmerize.  Delight.  En- 
trance.   Captivate.    Subdue. 

Ant.  Disenchant.  Disillusionize.  Excite. 
Rouse.  Disturb.  Annoy.  Irritate.  Alarm. 
Terrify.    Repel.    Disgust. 

Chart,  adj.  From  Cai-e. 
Taking  care  of  a  thing,  so  as  to 
be  imwilling  to  part  with  it ; 
hence,  also,  slow  to  enter  on  a 
given  line  of  action. 

Stn.  Careful.  Cautious.  Calculating. 
Sparing.    Saving.     Reluctant.    Slow. 

Ant.  Liberal.    Lavish.    Profuse.   Eager. 

Chase,  v.  tr.  Fr.  chasse.  Cap- 
tiure,  from  capto,  to  catrh  after. 
To  follow  eagerly  an  object  o( 
desire  or  aim. 


Synonyms  mid  Antonyms. 


72 


Sm.  Pursue.  Hunt.  Follow.  Drive. 
Prosecute. 

Ant.  Abandon.  Relinquiish.  Discard. 
Dismiss.    Avoid.    Elude.    Evade. 

Chaste,  adj.  Castas.  Pure, 
fis  a  matter  of  nature  or  taste. 
Purity  iu  nature,  and  simplicity 
in  art,  being  analogous. 

Syn.  Pure.  Modest.  Uncontamlnated. 
Incorrupt.    Simple.    Unaffected.    Nice. 

Ant.  Impure.  Meretricious.  Corrupt. 
Gaudy.    Flashy.    Over-decorated. 

Chasten,  v.  Chastise,  v.  Both 
from  the  same  root  as  Chaste ;  but 
chasten  bears  the  sense  of  suffer- 
ing administered  with  the  pur- 
pose of  purification,  and  in  some 
degree  effecting  its  purpose; 
Chastise,  of  personal  discipline, 
for  the  sake  of  correction  of  past 
offences,  and  implying  nothing 
necessarily  of  any  moral  improve- 
ment. 

Syn.  Purify.  Discipline.  Spiritualize. 
Improve.    Refine.    Afflict. 

Ant.  Indulge.  Sensualize.  Brutalize. 
I)egrade.  Corrupt.  Pamper.  Carnalize. 
Spoil.    Demoralize. 

Chattels,  v.  Chattel  is  the 
same  word  as  cattle,  primitive 
property  consisting  in  heads  of 
cattle.  Hence  the  word  capital 
(commercially),  from  caput,  the 
head,  expressing  no  longer  live 
stock,  but  stock  in  trade.  Com- 
pare the  word  Pecuniary,  from 
pecunia,  money,  which  comes 
from  peciis,  cattle,  being  at  first 
stamped  with  the  heads  or  forms 
of  cattle,  as  the  transition  to  a 
more  refined  system  of  currency. 
Chattels  are  strictly  all  goods 
which  are  not  the  freehold ;  but, 
in  common  parlance,  the  word  is 
used  in  a  wider  sense. 

Stw.  Goods.     Effects.    Movables. 
Art.  Freehold. 

Chatter,  n.  and  v.  Fr.  car 
guetcr.    Comp.  Chat  and  Cackle. 


A  hght  rattling  talk  about  oeg's 
own  affairs  or  one's  neighbours'. 

Syn.  to  nmn.  Rattle.  Jabber.  Cackle 
Prattle.    Twaddle. 

Ant.  (To  tallt  well  or  not  at  all)  Rea- 
son. Sense.  Argument  Philosophy.  Con- 
versation.    Reticence. 

Cheap,  adj.  From  an  Old 
Eng.  word,  meaning  market.  So 
cheap  would  at  fii-st  mean  be- 
longing to  market,  and  then, 
easily,  marketable  or  common. 
It  sometimes  descends  lower. 

Syn.  Common.  Inexpensive.  Uncostly. 
Mean.    Vile.    Worthless. 

Ant.  Rare.  Costly.  Expensive.  Worthy. 
Honourable.    Noble.    High. 

Cheat,  v.  and  ti. 

Cheat  is  probably  the  same 
word  as  escheat,  which  again 
was  from  scutum.,  a  shield,,  indi- 
cative of  feudal  tenure  of  rights 
or  property.  To  escheat,  then, 
was  to  lapse  to  a  superior,  under 
ccrtam  conditions  of  forfeiture. 
In  days  of  lawlessness  the  lords 
would  make  and  seize  oppor- 
tunities of  escheat;  hence,  ta 
cheat  is  to  do  a  person  out  of  a 
thing,  and  generally  to  deceive 
liun. 

Syn.  Beguile.  Deceive.  Dupe.  Deprive. 
Hoodwick.  Prevaricate.  Shuffle.  Dis- 
semble.   Juggle.    Inveigle. 

Ant.  Enlighten.  Guide.  Remunerate. 
Compensate.    Undeceive.    Disabuse. 

Stn.  to  noun.  Deception.  Fraud.  Im- 
position. Tricli.  Artifice.  Illusion,  l.ie. 
Fiction. 

Ant.  Truth.  Reality.  Verity.  Cer- 
tainty. Fact.  Genuineness.  Verification. 
Honesty.    Authenticity. 

Cheat,  ??.     Of  the  person. 

Syn.  Deceiver.  Impostor.  Trickster. 
Jutigler.  Dissembler.  Hypocrite.  Liar. 
Rogue.    Dicoy. 

Ant.  Guardian.  Undeceiver.  Dupo; 
Gull.    Victim. 

Check,  v.  tr.  Fr.  eclwc;  in 
plural,  echecs,  cltess.  The  etymo- 
logy of  this  word  is  difficult. 
Comp.  Cliess,  Clieok,  ('lieck- 
mate.    It  is  somctinjes  said  tnal 


Sj/nonytns  and  Antonyms 


Checkmate  is  Persian.  Shah  mat, 
the  king  is  dead,  meaning  the 
conclusion  of  the  game.  How- 
ever this  may  be,  from  the 
French  certainly  come  Chess  and 
Check  and  Exchequer.  The 
latter  would  be  a  checkered  or 
parti-coloui-ed  board.  Hence 
check  gained  a  two-sided  mean- 
ing ;  one  branched  off  into  such 
words  as  Chequered;  the  other 
retaining  the  idea  of  restraining 
or  stopping,  derived,  not  fi-om 
the  board,  but  the  game;  then 
these  two  sti-eams  converge  and 
meet  in  the  banker's  cheque, 
which  is  at  once  a  bill  of  ex- 
chequer and  a  stop  or  check 
upon  the  account. 

Srs.  Curb.  Restrain.  Stop.  Stay.  Im- 
pede.   Inhibit.     Cohibit. 

Ant.  Loose.  Liberate.  Instigate.  Ac- 
celerate.   License.    Indulge.  Allow.   Abet, 

Cheer,  n.  Old  Fr.  chere,  the 
face  or  countejuince.  So  '  Be  of 
good  cheer.'  Afterwards  it  was 
restricted  to  the  more  favourable 
or  pleasing  expressions  of  it,  and 
transfen-ed  to  those  tilings  which 
peculiai-ly  make  men  of  'cheer- 
ful countenance,'  namely,  food  or 
provisions. 

Sim.  Hope.  Happiness.  Comfort.  Hos- 
pitality.   Plenty.    Conviviality. 

Ant.  Dejection,  SuUenness.  Gloom. 
Starvation.  Niggardliness.  Dearth.  In- 
hospitableness.  Churlishness.  Unsociable- 
ness. 

Cheerful,  adj.  See  Cheer.  Ap- 
plied to  persons  and  things. 

Stn.  Lively.     Gay.     Bright.      Happy. 

Bonny.  Jlerty.  Joyful.  Pleasant.  Kn- 
llveniug. 

Ant.  Lifeless.  DulL  Gloomy.  Un- 
happy. Dejected.  Depressed.  Sullen. 
Joyless.  Melancholy.  Depressing.  Dis- 
piriting. 

Cheerless.    -See  Cheerful. 


To  hold  clo.sG  or  warm,  and  so 
foster  the  ]i£3  and  growth.  UkcJ 
metaphorically,  also,  for  the  re- 
tention of  any  kind  of  behef  or 
feeling. 

Stn.  Foster.  Nurse.  Promote.  Enter- 
tain.   Value.     Encourage. 

Ant.  Stifle.  Abandon.  Discard.  Dis- 
courage.   Check, 

Chicanery,  n.  Old  Fr.  C7ac, 
a  small  piece  of  anythinrj.  Espe- 
cially to  play  tricks  with ;  hence 
minuteness  of  dealing  or  speak- 
ing running  into  subterfuge  and 
finesse. 

Stn.  Artifice.  Subtlety.  Sophistry.  Su!> 
terfuge.  Prevarication.  Shitt.  Trickery, 
Dodge.  Quibble.  Mj^stification.  Pettifog- 
ging.   Underhandedness. 

Ant.  Openness.  Candour.  Fairness.  Co- 
gency.   Demonstrativeness.    Sotmdness. 

Chide,  v.  tr.  Sax,  To  re- 
prove angrily. 

Stn.  Rate.    Scold.    Trounce. 

Ant.  Applaud.    Flatter.    Compliment. 

Chtef,  adj.     Same  as  Capital, 
Fr.  chef,  the  head.     Lat.  caimt. 
Sin.  See  Cardinal  and  CapitaL 
Ant. 

Chieftain.  See  Chief.  Comp, 
Captain  from  the  Lat.  caput,  as 
Chieftain  is  from  the  Fr.  chef. 

Syn.  Captain.  GeneraL  Commander 
Leader. 

Akt.  Follower.  Attendant.  Retainer. 
Subaltern.  Vassal.  Satellite.  Minion. 
Adherent. 

Childish,  adj.  Child.  Goth. 
Eesembling  the  weakness  as 
childlike  is  used  for  resembling 
the  virtues  of  childhood.  Said 
of  character  and  action. 

Stn.  "Weak.  Silly.  Puerile.  Infantine. 
Imbecile.  Foolish.  Trifling.  Paltry.  Tri- 
vial. 

Ant.  Strong.  Resolute.  Manly,  Wise: 
Judicious.  Sagacious.  Chlvahrous.  Pro- 
found.    Politic 


Cherish,  v.  tr.      Cams,  dear.       Chivalrous,  adj.      Cheval,   a 
Comp  Caress.    To  hold  as  dear.  |  \ors,e.     Chevalier,  one  who  was 


74 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms 


suffi-'jiently  nf)ble  to  serve  in  the 
wars  on  horseback. 

The  term  is  therefore  formed 
to  express  that  combination  of 
qualities  sucli  as  bravery  and 
generosity,  which  befitted  the 
knight  or  gentleman;  chivalry 
being  that  system  of  knightly 
state  and  manners  which  was  re- 
presented in  the  character  and 
conduct  of  the  chevalier. 

Stn.  Couragpous.  Generous.  Knightly. 
Gallant.  Heroic.  Adventurous.  Valiant. 
Spirited.    Handsome.    Highmiuded. 

Ant.  Unhandsome.  Dirty.  Sneaking. 
Pettifogging.  Scrubby.  Dastardly.  Ke- 
crcant.    Ungenerous.    Ungentlemanly. 

Choice,  n.  Old  Eng.  choose. 
Also  chese.  Hence  the  phrase 
"^  quite  the  cheese.'  A  preference 
made  from  two  or  more  things. 
Also  the  thing  chosen  or  pre- 
ferred. 

Stn.  Option.  Adoption.  Election.  Se- 
lection.   Preference.    Alternative. 

Akt.  Compulsion.  Necessity.  Rejec- 
tion. Refusal.  Unimportance.  Indiffer- 
ence.   Refuse. 

Choice,  adj.     See  Choice,  n. 

Syn.  Select.  Exquisite.  Dainty.  Pre- 
■cious.    Cherished.    Valuable. 

Ant.  Common.  Ordinary.  Inferior. 
Cheap.  Valueless.  Despicable.  Trum- 
pery. 

Choke,  V.  tr.  Used  metaphori- 
cally of  stifling  statements  or 
proposals. 

Syn.  Throttle.  Burke.  Suffocate.  Gag. 
Stifle. 

Ant.  Eliminate.  Educe.  Promote.  De- 
monstrate. Discuss.  Disseminate.  Moot. 
Bruit.    Ventilate. 

Choler.    See  Anger, 
Choleric,  adj.    See  Choler. 

Syn.  Hasty.  Testy.  Impetuous.  Iras- 
cible. 

Ant.  Cool.  Phlegmatic.  Serene.  Pla- 
cid.   Dispassionate.    Stoical. 

Choose,  v.  tr.    See  Choice. 

Stn.  Se'ecU  ElecU  Prefer.  Adopt. 
Apprjpriate. 

AST.  l.ieave.  Dismiss.  Reject.  Refuse. 
Decline.     Disclaim.    Repudiate.    Ignore. 


Chuckle,  ".  inf.  Comp.  Cackle 
To  laugh  with  satisfaction  half- 
concealed.  To  harbour  such 
feeling. 

SvN.  Grin.    Crow.    Cackle. 
Ant.    Cry.     ^Vail.     Grumble.     Whine. 
AVTiimper. 

Churlish,  adj.  From  ceorl, 
the  lowest  class  of  Saxon  freemar 
The  word  in  the  character  which 
has  attached  to  it  seems  to  indi- 
cate how  naturally  such  qualities 
are  induced  intimeswhennominal 
liberty  was  not  free  from  oppres- 
sion, and  the  defects  were  im- 
puted to  the  lower,  as  the  virtiies 
of  human  character  to  the  ai-is- 
tocratic  orders. 

Srs.  Illiberal.  Niggardly.  Inhospitable. 
Unsociable.    UTmeighbourly. 

Ant.  Liberal.  Bountiful.  Hospitable. 
Neighbourly.    Sociable. 

Cipher,  »?.  The  system  of 
numerals  being  Arabic,  meant 
the  symbol  of  the  absence  of  enu- 
meration ;  which,  however,  being 
placed  after  the  number,  increases 
its  value  tenfold. 

Hence  it  has  the  various  mean- 
ings of  a  nonentity— a  symbol, 
and  a  peculiar  system  of  'm'itiug, 
either  as  a  monogram  or  of  secret 
correspondence. 

Syn.  Nonentity.  Dot.  Nothing.  Trifle. 
Button.  Fig.  Straw.  Pin.  Rush.  Mole- 
hill. 

Ant.  Somebody.  Big-wig.  Something. 
Notability.  Celebrity.  Tiilon.  Colossus. 
Star. 

Circle,??.  Lat. cnrH/«<s.  Tho 
mathematical  circle  is  a  piano 
figure  bounded  by  a  curved  lino 
at  all  points  equitiistant  from  tlio 
centre.  But  as  centre  is  used 
inexactly  (see  Centre),  so  circle  is 
used  of  a  region  or  a.ssembly  of 
persons  socially  united. 

Stm.  Region.  .\rii;hlKnirhood.  Assem- 
bly. Intercourse.  F.unily.  Acquaintance- 
ship.   Society.      oterie. 


S>j)ionijms  and  Antonyms. 


Ant  Estt-angement.  Distance.  Non- 
ccminunicative.    Exclusion. 

CntCTTiT,  n.  Circuitus.  Cir- 
CHiii  and  ire,  to  gfi.  Distin- 
guished from  circumference  as 
being  not  mathematical,  but  a 
sort  of  irregular  ciromuference. 

Stn.  Tour.    Circumference. 

Ant.  Line.    Straightness.    Directness. 

Circuitous,  adj.    See  Circuit, 

Stn.  Indirect.    Tortuous.    Devious. 
Ant.  Direct.    Linear.    Straight. 

ClECULAK,  adj.     See  Circle. 
Stn.  Round.    Spherical. 
Ant.  LineaL    Direct. 

Circulate.  See  Circle,  ad.  n. 
Either  to  send  or  move  through 
a  circuit. 

Syn.  Disseminate.  Publish.  Notify. 
Travel.    Spread. 

Ant.  Suppress.  Avert.  Stagnate. 
Cease.    Hush. 

Circumference,  n.  Circum 
and  ferre,  to  hear.  The  line 
which  bounds  the  mathematical 
circle  is  one  which  might  be 
drawn  round  a  globe ;  or,  vaguely, 
an  outer  enclosure  or  irregular 
circuit. 

Stn.  Periphery.  Enclosure.  Circuit. 
Outline.    Boundary. 

Ant.  Diameter.  Crossing.  Bi-section. 
Transection.    Transversion. 

Circumlocution,  «.  Circum 
and  loqui.  The  voluntary  or  in- 
voluntary use  of  roundabout 
expressions;  that  is,  either  as 
explanatory  or  from  want  of 
skill  in  speech. 

Stm.  Periphrasis.  Verbosity.  Inconcise- 
ness.  Insucciuctness.  Ambiguousness.  An- 
fractuosity. 

Art.  Terseness.  Point.  Cc.nciseness. 
Succinctness.  Condensation.  Directness. 
i'lainness.    Simplicity.    Coherence. 

Circumscribe,  v.  tr.  Circum, 
around,  and  scribere,  to  write. 

Stn.  Define.  Designate.  Delineate.  Li- 
mit.   Knclose.    Confine.    Restrict.    Fence. 

Ant.  Expand.  Dilate.  Dissipate.  Dis- 
enclose.    Distend. 


75 


Circumscribed,  adj.  See  Cir- 
cumscribe. 

Svn.  Limited.    Narrow.    Restricted. 
Akt.  Limitless.    Ample.    Unconfined. 

Circumspect,  adj.  Circum- 
spicere,  to  look  round,  as  if  on  the 
look  out  for  danger. 

Stn.  Cautious.  Wary.  Careful  Watch- 
ful.   Scrupulous.    Vigilant. 

Ant.  Heedless.  Incautious.  Careless. 
Reckless.    Invigilant.    Incircumspect. 

Circumstance,  n.  Circum' 
stare,  to  stand  around,  i.  e.,  the 
surroundings  of  a  case ;  thence, 
an  event  or  attendant  condition. 

Stn.  Detail.  Feature  Point.  Tojiic. 
Condition.     Particular.     Specialty. 

Ant.  Deed.  Case.  Occunence.  Trans- 
action. 

Circumstantial,  adj.  See  Cir- 
cumstance. 1.  Proving  not 
dii-ectly  but  by  attendant  condi- 
tions or  facts;  also,  2,  entering 
into  circumstances  or  details. 

Stn.  Inferential.  Constructive.  Minute. 
Detailed.     Elaborate.    Specific. 

Ant.  1.  Jocular.  Positive.  2.  Loose. 
General.    Inaccurate. 

Circumvent,  v.  tr.  Circum.- 
venire.  To  come  round  or  fetch 
or  compass,  so  as  to  take  by  sur- 
prise. 

Stn.  Ensnare.  Entrap.  Outwit.  Di- 
plomatize. 

Akt.  Force.  Subjugate  Reduce.  Compel. 

Circumvention.  See  Circum- 
vent. 

Cite,  v.  tr.  Ciere,  to  cull. 
Freq.  citare,  to  call  up.  To  cite 
persons  authoritatively  or  quote 
as  from  authority. 

Stw.  Summon.    Call.    Quote.    Adduce. 

Ant.  Discard,  Di.suiiss.  Canvass.  Dis- 
pute. Reject.  Contradict.  Disprove.  Chal- 
lenge.   Discredit. 

Citizen,  v.  Civitas.  Ono 
who  resides  in  a  city,  or  one  who 
has  the  rights  of  a  free  political 
community.  Fr.  citoyen. 

Syk.  Townsman.  Inhabitant.  Burgess 
Subjeci.    Denizen. 

Airr  Alien.    Foreigner.    Viisitor.    ExUa 


Synomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Civic,  adj.  Sa  Citizen.  Be- 
longing to  the  administration,  as 
civil  to  the  manners  of  the  city. 

Stn.    :Municipal.      Corporate.      Urbain'. 

Ant.'  Suburban.  Provincial.  Rural. 
Cosmopolitan. 

Civil,  ad/.    See  Civic. 

Sra.  Urbane.  Polite.  Obliging.  Ac- 
commodating.   Respectful. 

Ant  Disobliging.  Unaccommodating. 
Disrespectful.  Boorish.  Clownish.  Churl- 
ish.   Uncivil. 

Civil,  n.    See  Civil. 
Civilization,  n.    See  Civil. 

Stn.  Amelioration.    Humanization.    Re- 
finement. ^ 
Ant.   Demoralization.     Savagery.     iJar- 


barism.    BrutaUty.    Rudeness. 

Claim,  v.  tr.  Clamare,  to  call 
Gilt.  The  public  assertion  of  a 
right.  The  vrord  seems  to  carry 
back  the  mind  to  times  when 
wTiting  was  rare,  and  matters  of 
right  were  determined  orally  be- 
fore witnesses. 

Stn.  Demand.    Ask.    Require.    Insist 
Ant.    Forego.    Waive.     Disclaim.     Ab- 
jure.   Disavow.    Abandon.    Concede.     Sur- 
render.   Repudiate. 

Claim,  n.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Assertion.  Vindication.  Arroga- 
tion.    Demand.  ^.    ,  . 

Ant.  Waiving.   Abjuration.   Disclaimer. 

Surrender. 

Claimant,  ».     See  Claim. 

Stn.  Assertor.  Vindicator.  Appellant. 
Litigant.  „     .  ._.  . 

Ant.  Relinquisher.  Resigner.  Waiver. 
Conceder.    Renouncer.    Abjurer. 

Clamour,  «.  See  Claim.  A 
loud  contentious  cry;  a  noisy 
claimiiig  or  asking.  It  has  also 
l)y  usage  a  repudiative  force,  as 
in  the  phrase, '  a  clamour  against 
a  person.'  ^     ^ 

Stn.  Contention.  Contentiousness,  bquab 
ble.    Uproar.    Outcry.    Obloquy. 

Aht.  Silence,  Acquiescence.    Reticence. 

Clandestine,  adj.     Clam,  se- 

criihi. 

Stk.  Furtive.  Secret.  Sly.  Stealthy 
Sarrer-itlous. 


Am-.  Open.  Unreserved.  Unconceft'.ed 
Announced.    Advertised.    Public. 

I     Clarify,  v.  tr.     Clams,  dt-ir, 

1  and  facere,  to  make. 

I       Stn.  Purify.    Strain.     Defecate,    Pre*.!- 

pitate.    Inflltrate. 
I      .4irr.  Trouble.     Foul.     Thicken.     Cor.^a 

minate.    Pollute.    Muddle. 

I  Clash,  »?.  and  v.  Germ.  To 
I  meet  in  many  collisions.  Meta- 
phorically, to  be  signally  dis- 
cordant. 

Stn.  Differ.    Disagree.    Interfere.    Jar. 
Ant.     Agree.       Harmonize.       Accord 
Comport.    Chime. 

Clasp,  Hand  r.  Germ.  To  sur- 
round so  as  to  embrace  tightly. 

Stn.  Grasp.  Connect  Unite.  Bracket 
Concatenate.    Embrace. 

Ant.  Relax.  Sever.  Unclasp.  Discon- 
nect.   Detach.    Exclude. 

Classical,  odj  The  word  re- 
fers to  the  original  division  of 
the  Eoman  citizens  or  subjects 
into  political  classes  or  ranks; 
thence,  the  admission  of  books  as 
belonging  to  the  piu-er  ages  ami 
styles  of  Greek  and  Eoman  litc- 
ratui-e.  Hence,  again  used  of 
the  purity  of  any  sample  or  stage 
of  literature  or  art. 

Stn.  Pure.  Refined.  Elegant.  Polished. 
Chaste.    Augustan. 

Ant.  Corrupt.  Debased.  Inelegant. 
Harsh.    Barbarous.    Uncouth.    Unclassical 

Classification,  Class.  Ori- 
ginally the  calUng  (/cXcia-ty,  from 
KoXfiv,  to  call)  together  of  the 
primitive  Eoman  subjects;  the 
grouping  of  a  number  of  things 
or  persons  under  some  principlo 
of  classification. 

Stn.  Order.  Genus.  Species.  Nature. 
1  Character.  Cast  Stamp.  Group.  Kind. 
Section.  Sect  Category.  Assortment. 
Designation.    Description. 

Ant.  Individuality.  Specialty.  Isola- 
tion. Alienation.  Division.  Distinction 
Singularity.    E.'Lclusion.    Heterogeneity. 

Classify.    See  Class. 

Stn.  Arrange,  Systematize.  Tabu'.ale 
Dispose.    Collocate.    Assort. 

ANT.  Derange.  Confound.  Disorder 
Utoorganlie.    Intermix. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Clause,  n.  Claudere,  Clan- 
Rus,  to  sh>/f.  A  paragi-aph  or 
grammatical  sentence  comiDlete  in 
itself,  and  shut  oif. 

Sys.  I'orlion.       Paragraph.       Chapter. 

Section.  Passage. 

Akt.  Document.  Instrument.  Jluni- 
ment. 

Clean,  ndj.  Celtic.  Pure 
from  defilement  or  entanglement. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Svx.  Pure.  Neat.  Cleanly.  Clear.  Un- 
clogsed.    Upright. 

Ant.  Impure.  Untidy.  Dirty.  En- 
tanelcd.     Hampered.     Unclean. 

Clear,  v.  tr.  Clarus,  clear  as 
the  light.  To  free  physically; 
also  morally,  as  from  imputation ; 
or,  mentally,  from  ideas  which 
require  to  be  dissociated. 

Stn.  Clarify.  Disencumber.  Disentangle. 
Disembarrass.  Vindicate.  Liberate.  Ex- 
tricate.   Eliminate. 

Ant.  Befoul.  Contaminate.  Pollute. 
Clog.  Encumber.  Embarrass,  involve. 
Implicate. 

Clear,  adj.  Physically  and 
metaphorically.     See  above. 

Stn.  Open.  Pure.  Bright.  Transpa- 
rent. Free.  Disencumbered.  Disentangled. 
Disengaged.  Absolved.  Acquitted.  Plain. 
Obvious.     Intelligible.    Lucid. 

Akt.  Thick.  Muddy.  Foul.  Opaque. 
Encumbered.  Entangled.  Condemned. 
Convicted.  Turbid.  Dubious.  Indistmct. 
Unintelligible. 

Cleave,  v.  Two  Saxon  words 
in  one,  meaning,  the  one  actively 
to  sunder,  the  other  neutrally  to 
adhere. 

.•^YN.  Sunder.  Split.  Divide.  Rend. 
l'i=sever.    Adhere.    Stick. 

Ant.  Conserve.  Unite.  Splice.  Bond. 
Cement.  Agglutinate.  CJonsolidate.  De- 
jsert.  Depart.  Separate.  Apostatize.  Se- 
cede. 

Clever,  adj.  Saxon.  Able  to 
adapt  means  to  a  proposed  end. 
A]-ipUed  also  to  the  work  or  re- 
sult so  contrived;  said  of  the 
mind  and  the  hand. 

Sy.n.  Able.  Ready.  Talented.  Quick, 
ingenious.  Dexterous.  Adroit.  Well-con- 
trived. 


77 


Ant.  "Weak.  Dull.  Stupid.  Slow. 
Doltish.  Uninventive.  Awkward.  Clumsy 
lU-contrlved.    Bungling.    Botched. 

Climate,  ?;.  KXtVeti^,  to  in- 
cline. The  supposed  inclination 
of  the  earth  from  the  equator  to 
the  poles,  which  was  imagined 
to  account  for  the  variation  of 
temperature  in  different  localities. 
The  word  is  used  of  variation  in 
these  two  respects. 

Syn.  Air.  Atmosphere.  Temperature. 
Weather.  Clime.  Sky.  Region.  Sphere. 
Latitude. 

Am.  Earth.    Globe.    World.    Sphere. 

Clemax,  n.  Gr.  A  ladder. 
The  highest  point.  As  a  figure 
of  rhetoric,  the  culminating  or 
most  forcible  expression. 

Sys.  Summit.  Height.  Consummation. 
Acme.  Point.  Head.  Meridian.  Culmina- 
tion.   Zenith. 

Aht.  Base.  Floor.  Bathos.  Anticlimax. 
Depth.    Gulf.    Nadu-. 

Clmb,  V.  int.  Sometimes  used 
I  actively.     Sax.  climhan. 

Stn.  Ascend.  Mount.  Clamber.  Swarm. 
I  Surmount.    Scale.    Escalade. 

Ant.  Descend.  Drop.  Fall.  Slip.  Tumble. 
Swoop. 

Cling,  v.  int.  Sax.  clingan. 
I  Used  actively  with  the  prep.  to. 
I  Used  metaphorically,  as,  to  cling 
to  principles  or  determination. 

I        Stx.   Fasten.      Hold.      Adhere.     Slick. 
'  Cleave.    Hang.    Twine.    Hug     Embrace. 
1        Ant.  Drop.   Recede.  Secede.  Apostatize. 
'  Abandon.      Relax.       Forego.       Surrender. 
'  Swerve. 

Clip,  v.  tr.    Sax. 

Syn.  Curtail.  Prune.  Contract.   Abridge. 
Ant.  Elongate.  Cherish.  Grow.  Nourish. 

Cloak,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  cloche. 
To  throw  a  cloak  over.  Comp. 
■  Palliate,  from  pallium,  a  cloak. 
To  hide  wholly  or  in  part. 

1        Stn.  Conceal.  Disguise.  Palliate.  Screen. 

Mitigate.     Extenuate. 
1        Ant.    Exhibit.      Propound.     Promulge. 

Portray.      Aggravate.      Expose.      Demoa- 

slrate.    Reveal. 

•      Closb,  adj.     Claudere,  to  shut. 


St/nonyms  and  Anforitfnu 


J'art.  daiisus.     Used  physically 
and  metaphorically. 

Srs.  Narrow.  Limitpd.  Restricted. 
Condensed.  Packed.  Secret.  Kcserved. 
Kigg;irdiy.    Shut.    Fast. 

Ant.  Wide.  Open.  Ample.  Spacious. 
Airy.  Unconfined.  Dispersed.  Rareiied. 
Subtle.  Vaporous.  Pat<^nt.  Public.  Ad- 
vertised.   Open-handed.    Liberal.    Frank. 

Close,  v.  tr.     ^ee  adj. 

&TS.  Shut.    Conclude.    Omiplete.    Stop. 

Ant.  Open.  Initiate.  Conduct.  Pro- 
tract. 

Clothe.  Sax.  Used  meta- 
phorically of  ideas  and  associa- 
tions. 

Snf.  Invest.    Robe.    Drape. 
AsT.  Denude.    Strip.    Divest. 

Clownish,  adj.  From  Clown. 
Colonus,  a  husbandman. 

SiN.  Rustic.  Boorish.  Bucolic.  Boeotian. 
Awkward.  Clumsy.  Cloddish.  Untutored. 
Rude. 

AxT.  Polite.  Civil.  Urbane.  Affable. 
Graceful.  Polished.  Refined.  Courtly. 
High-bred.    Intelligent.    Educated. 

Clumsy,  adj.  Clump,  an  old 
verl).  To  bennmb.  Using  the 
hands  as  if  they  were  benumbed 
with  cold.  Used  of  persons  and 
contrivances  or  productions. 

Sr«.  Awkward.  Inexpert.  Maladroit. 
Botching.    Bungling.    Unskilful. 

jVnt.  Neat.  AVorkmanlike.  Artistic. 
Handy.  Skilful.  Clever.  Expert.  Adroit. 
Dexterous. 

Cluster,  n.  and  v.  int. 

Srrs.  Group.  Bunch.  Gathering.  Muster. 
Throng. 

Ant.  Scattering.  Sprinkling.  Disper- 
sion. 

Clutch,  v.  tr.  and  int.  with 
the  prep.  at. 

Stn.  Grasp.  Grab.  Seize.  Snatch. 
Pounce. 

Ant.  Liberate.    Release.    Emancipate. 

Coadjutor,  n.  Con  and  adjit- 
varc,  to  assist. 

Sts.  Assistant.  Co-operator.  Accessory. 
Ally. 

Ant.  Accomplice.  Accessory.  Opponent. 
Counieractor  Bafller,  .Adversary.  Anta- 
gonist. 

Coagulate,  v.  int.  Coagtdum, 
zurd.     Con  and  ageir,  to  ivork. 


Stn.  Mix.  Blend.  Fute.  Coalecx:-. 
Amalgamate.    Condense. 

Ant.  Rarefy.  Expand.  Dissipate.  Sub- 
tilize.   Discombine. 

Coalesce,  v.  int.  Con  and 
alescere,  to  grow,  from  alere,  to 
7)ourisJi.  Expressss  harmony  of 
consent. 

Stn.  Harmonize.  Blend.  5tix.  -\rr.al- 
gamate.    Cohere. 

Ant.  Disagree.    Discomport. 

Co.\lition,  n.    See  Coalesce. 

Srx.  Combination.  Consentaneity.  Com- 
promise. Consociation.  Amalgamation. 
Composition. 

Ant.  Dissociation.  Disruption.  Dis- 
agreement.   Dissentience. 

Coarse,  adj.  Anciently  \yritten 
Course — as  if  in  the  common 
course ;  and  so,  metaphorically, 
exliibiting  characteristics  of  the 
natural  or  common,  not  the  po- 
lished or  refined. 

Syn.  Common.  Ordinary.  Rough.  Rude. 
Unpolished.    Immodest. 

Ant.  Fine.  Refined.  Gentle.  PolisheiU 
Delicate.    Choice. 

Coax,  v.  tr.  Coqims,  a  cool-. 
To  hash  up  a  little  savory  dish 
of  wheedling.  It  impUes  also 
persuasion  against  inclination, 
and  sometimes  to  the  detriment 
of  the  person  coaxed. 

S™.  Wheedle.  Fawn.  Flatter.  Cijole. 
Overcome.    Seduce.    Allure.    Circumvent. 

Ant.  Intimidate.  Coerce.  Impel.  In- 
stigate.   Drive. 

Cobble,  v.  tr.  Germ,  knppeln, 
like  Lat.  copidare,  to  cuuph\  To 
join  work  clumsily. 

Srx.  Patch.     Botch.    Clout.    Bungle. 
Ant.  Repair.    Manipulate.    Fine-draw. 

CoBWBB, -n.  Used  metaphori- 
cally for  that  which  wants  im- 
I  portance  or  solidity ;  also  for 
,  that  which  still  hangs  together, 
as— a  prejudice,  though  it  is  liigU 
time  to  sweep  it  away. 

.Syn.  Trifle.  Cipher.  Sloonshin*.  Pre* 
judlce.    Bugbear.  Phantasy.    Caprice. 

Ant.  Substance.  Verity.  Axiuni.  I.ivt 
Reality.    Pei-petuity.    Institution.   I'lutli. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Cockney,  «.  aud  adj.  An  in- 
liabitant  of  Cocagne,  a  French 
word,  meaning  a  country  of  ima- 
ginary liiximes  aud  delicacies, 
in  which  the  houses  are  tiled 
with  sweetmeats,  from  Old  Fr. 
couqiir,  It.  cucca,  a  cake  or  dainty. 
Applied  to  the  citizens  of  London 
by  their  simple  or  jealous  fellow- 
countrymen. 

Stn.  Londoner.    Citizen.    Swell. 
Ant.  Clodbopper.    Bumpkin.    Lout. 

Coddle,  v.  tr.  From  cojnere, 
codas.  To  parboil,  as  it  were, 
with  kindness;  to  make  a  little 
too  much  of;  to  keep  warm. 

Sin.  Spoil.  Humour.  Pamper.  Nurse. 
Caress. 

Akt.  Try.    Expose.    Inure.    Harden. 

Codger,  n.  Thought  to  be 
cotier.  Comp.  Cot,  Cotter,  Cot- 
tage, Cottager.  An  outlandish 
old  fellow.  Associating  also,  like 
Churl,  the  notion  of  niggardli- 
ness. 

Syn.  Gaffer.    Churl.    Curmudgeon. 
AST.  .Swell.    Fop.    Spendthrift.    Scape- 
^r.icc.    Puppy. 

Codify,  v.  tr.  Coder  and 
fitcrre.  To  reduce  a  multiplicity 
of  laws,  or,  more  generally,  a 
number  of  opinions  or  statements, 
to  a  more  compendious  form. 

Stn.  Summarize.  Digest.  Incorporate. 
Embody.    Condense. 

Ant.  Expunge.  Abrogate.  Disembody. 
Annul.     Disincorporate.    Rescind. 

Coerce,  v.  tr.  Coercere.  To 
use  force  upon  another,  especially 
metaphorically,  as  distingiiished 
from  persuasion ;  and  is  used  of 
compulsion,  prohibition,  and  con- 
travention. 

Stn.  Restrain.  Inhibit.  Impel.  Com- 
pfl.  Drive.  Counteract.  Confine,  liitimi- 
d.ae. 

Ant.  Permit.  Persuade.  Urge.  Insti- 
g.itr.  Encourige.  Liberate.  Induce.  Se- 
dutf.     Tempt. 

CoETANEOUS,  adj.  Con  and  atas 
(ayvuiH,  oevitas). 


Stn.  Coeval.  Omtemporary.  Synchronous 
Ant.  Incoincident.     Incontenporaneous. 
Anachronistic.    Asyucronous. 

Coeval.    >See  Coetaneous. 

Coexist,  v.  int.  Con  and  ex- 
iste7'e  (ex  and  sistere,  to  stand 
out).  To  be,  or  continue  to  be, 
together. 

Stn.  Concur.  Comport.  Coalesce.  A"^ 
company.    Coincide. 

Ant.  Disconcur.    Discomport 

Coexistent,  adj.  See  Co- 
exist. 

.Stn.  Concurrent.  Coetaneous.  Con- 
temporary. Coij  f-ident.  Compatible.  'Jflr 
respondent.    Correlative. 

Ant.  Discurrent.  Incontemporaneous. 
Incompatible.  Adverse.  Repugnant.  An- 
tagonistic. 

CoEXTENSioN,  ??.  Con  and 
extendere,  to  reach.  Equal  in 
length  or  space,  physically  or 
metaphorically. 

Stn.  Commensurateness.  Equality.  Pa- 
rallelum.    Conterminousness. 

Ant.  Incommensurateness.  Inadequacy. 
Inconterminousness.  Divergency.  In- 
equality.   Disparity. 

Coextensive.  See  Coextcn- 
sion. 

Cogent,  adj.  Cohere,  to  compel. 
Used,  not  of  physical,  but  moral 
or  logical  force. 

Stn.  Forcible.  Powerful  Potent.  Strong. 
Persuasive.    Influential. 

Ant.  Wealc.  Ineffectual.  Powerless. 
Feeble. 

Cogitate,  v.  int.  Cogitare, 
\  coagitare.  To  turn  over  and  over 
j  with  one's  self.  Used  in  a  neider 
1  sense,  and  in  no  specific  reference 
!  to  any  one  line  of  thought  or 
subject. 

!  Stn.  Think.  Ruminate.  Meditate.  Re- 
flect. Brood.  Contemplate.  Sjiiculala 
I'onder.    Muse. 

Ant.  Idle.    Maunder.    Dream. 

Cogitation,  v.    See  Cogitate. 

Stn.  Reflection.    Thought.     Meditation 
Ant.   Incogitancy.     Vacuity.     D.eonii' 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


SO 

Cognizance,  n.  Cognoscsre,  to 
tiofe.  Recognition  or  knowledge. 
Also  used,  technically,  of  that 
wliich  is  a  distmctive  emblem  or 
1-iadge,  by  -which  the  bearer  may 
be  recognized. 

Stn.  Notice.  Observation.  Recognition. 
Knowledge.     Experience. 

Akt.  Inadvertence.  Neglect.  Ignorance. 
Inexperience.    Oversight.     Connivance. 

Cognizant,  adj.  See  Cogni- 
zance. 

Stu.  Aware.    Informed. 

AST.  Unaware.    Uninformed.   Ignorant, 

CoHKKE,  V.  int.  Con  and 
h'xrere,  to  stick.  To  stick  to- 
gether. Used  physically  and 
metaphorically. 

Srs.  Stick.  Adhere.  Conform.  Unite. 
CoiJesce. 

Aici.  Sever.  Separate.  Disunite.  Dis- 
integrate. 

CoHKRENT,  adj.  See  Cohere. 
Used  especially  of  logical  or  rhe- 
torical coherence. 

Sre.  Consecutive.  Consistent.  Com- 
plete.   Compact.    Sensible.    Losrical.  Close. 

A^T.  Inconsecutive.  Rambling.  Dis- 
united. Inconsistent.  Discursive.  Loose. 
Silly.    Illogical.    Aberrant. 

CoHlBIT,  V.  tr.  Cohihere,  to 
hold  in.     Eestrain. 

Stn.  Prevent.    Hinder.    Restrain.  Curb. 

Inhibit.  ^     , 

AST.  Indulge.  Permit.  Incite.  Instl- 
.g.ite.    Encourage.    Urge. 

Coin,  v.  tr.  Cuneus,  a  wedge 
or  die  for  stamping,  transferred 
to  the  thing  stamped.  Used  me- 
taphorically for  the  invention  of 
new  forms,  as  of  words,  and  of 
false  allegations. 

Srs.  Fabricate.    Counterfeit.    Invent. 
Ant.  ilisform.    Miscontrive. 

Coincidence,  n.  Con  and  in- 
cidere,  to  full  ujjon  or  out.  Used 
of  the  fortuitous  meeting  of  two 
things  bearing  relation  or  pro- 
priety; also  in  its  etymological 
sense'  of  agi-eement  in  time,  place, 
or  opinion. 


]  Srx.  Chance.  Fortuity.  Casualty.  O.n- 
temporaneousness.  Commensurateness.  Har- 
mony.   Consent.    Agreement 

Avr.  Design.  Purpose.  Adaptation. 
Asynchronisra.  Anachronism.  Disharmun.i 
Incommensurateness.  Discordance.  Varia- 
tion.   Difference. 

Collapse,  n.  Con  and  lapsus. 
A  falling  in,  or  general  giviag 
way  of  the  parts,  either  of  that 
wluch  is  materially  coherent  only, 
or  of  the  vital  faculties  and 
powers. 

Stn.  Subsidence.  Coma.  Faint.  Ex- 
haustion. Shrivelling.  Settlement  Down- 
fall. „  , 
^Vnt.  Stability.  Integrity.  VitaUty. 
1  Vigour.  Renovation.  Redintegration.  Re- 
I  covery.  Re-erection.  Resuscitation.  Re- 
animation, 

Collate,  v.  tr.  Con  andferre, 
part,  latus.  To  bring  together,  in 
a  mental  sense,  ideas  or  passages 
of  writing,  generally  with  a  view 
of  comparison  or  classification; 
and  not  unfrequently  as  tending 
to  establish  a  view  or  particular 
interpretation. 

Stx.  Adduce.  Collect  Compare.  Gather 
Induct    Extract.    Cite. 

Ant.  Verily.  Identify.  Recognize.  Au- 
thenticate. 

Collateral,  adj.  Latus,  the 
side.  Apphed  to  relationship 
and  evidence  or  argument. 

Srs.  Indirect  Related.  Connected. 
Parallel.  ,      ^ 

ANT.  Direct  Linear.  Essential.  In- 
tegral. 

Collation,  n.  See  Collate. 
Used  technically  of  repasts  and 
of  episcopal  patronage. 

Colleague,  n.  Con  and  legere, 
to  choose.  One  chosen  or  ap- 
pointed to  the  same  office  with 
another. 

Stx.  Coadjutor.  Partner.  Assistant 
Adjutant    Assessor.       ^     .     ,      ^ 

AST.  Co-opponent  Co-nval.  Counter, 
agent.  Co-antagonist.  Competitor.  Col- 
luctator. 

Collect,  v.  tr.    Cdligere,  part. 


Si/iionyms  and  Anfonijma. 


collect ■.t'.      Usod    i:)liysical]y  and 
analogously. 

Stn.  Collate.  Gather.  Glean.  Sum. 
Infer.    Learn. 

Ant.  Classify.  Arrange.  Distribute. 
Dispose.    Dispense.    Divide.    Sort.    Deal. 

Collected,  adj.  See  Collect. 
Said  of  the  faculties. 

Syn.  Calm.  Composed.  Cool.  Atten- 
tive.   Self-possessed. 

Ant.  Excited.  Distracted.  AVandering. 
Dazed.    Scared.    Bewildered. 

Collection,  »?.  See  above. 
Said  of  persons  and  things. 

Stn.  Assembly.  Assemblage.  Store. 
Gathering.    Collation. 

Ant.  Dispersion.  Distribution.  Dis- 
pensation. Division.  Arrangement.  Classi- 
fication.   Disposal. 

CoLLiQtTATE,  V.  act.  and  neut. 
Con  and  liquare.  To  melt  away 
by  instalments. 

Stn.  Melt.    Dissolve.    Dribble.    Drain. 
Ant.    Replenish.     Fill.     Overflow.    A- 
bound. 

Collision,  n.  CoUidere,  to 
strike  together.  The  violent  meet- 
ing of  hard  substances.  Meta- 
phorically used  of  hostile  en- 
coiinters  in  conflict. 

Syn.  Encounter.  Crash.  Conflict.  Op- 
position.   Impact. 

Ant.  Inters  werving.  Interdivergence. 
Shave. 

Collocate,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
locus,  a  jilace.  To  place  one  or 
more  things  in  proper  or  close 
proximity. 

Stn.  Place.  Locate.  Arrange.  Classify. 
Tabulate.    Alloaite. 

Ant.  Move.  Dislocate.  Distribute.  Dis- 
pense. Disturb.  Disperse.  Confound.  Con- 
fuse.   Displace.    Misplace. 

Collocation.    See  Collocate. 

Colloquy,  n.  Con  and  ^(jui, 
to  speak.  A  formal  meeting  in 
conversation. 

Stn.  Conference.  Consultation.  Conver- 
sation.   Council.    Confabulation. 

Ant.  Clamour.   Outcry.  Tumult.  Babel. 

Colluctation,  n.  A  struggle. 
From  con  and  luctus,  striving. 


81 


Syn.  Wrestling.  Contoniion.  Oonip.  li 
tion. 

Ant.  Coadjutorship.  Assistance.  Sup 
port.     Backing. 

Collusion,  n.  Con  and  Indtr,;, 
to  sport  or  play.  A  conspiracy 
for  purposes  of  trickery. 

Stn.  Connivance.  Accompliceship.  CVn. 
federacy. 

Ant.  Baffling.  Frustration.  Counfer- 
actioii.  Defeat.  Discomfiture.  Disconcert- 
ment. Betrayal.  Exposure.  InformersUip. 
Traitorship. 

Colour,  n.  Lat.  color.  Used 
metaphorically  for  tinghig  state- 
ments or  cases. 

Syn.  Hue.  Tint.  Complexion.  Spe- 
ciousness.  Garbling.  Falsification.  Distor- 
tion.   Perversion.    Varnish. 

Ant.  Achromatism.  Paleness.  Naked- 
ness. Openness.  Genuineness.  Trans- 
parency.   Truthfulness. 

Colourable,  adj.  See  Colour. 
A  word  not  formed  with  strict 
propriety. 

Stn.  Specious.  Ostensible.  Deceptive. 
Warped.    Dressed.    Tinged. 

Ant.  Genuine.  Candid.  Open.  Nak^.d. 
Transparent. 

Combat,  ;;.  Comhuttre,  to  hxit 
together. 

Syn.  Encounter.  Conflict.  Engagement. 
Arms.    Battle. 

Ant.  Surrerider.  Submission.  Media- 
tion.   Reconciliation.    Truce.    Arbitration. 

Combination,    r/.      Con    and 

hiniis,  two  each,  or  two.  Extended 
to  more  than  two. 

Stn.  Union.  Association.  Consortmcnt. 
Concert.  Confederacy.  Synthesis.  Co- 
operation. 

Ant.  Division.  Disunion.  Disrup:i<iii. 
Dissolution.  Dispersion.  Analysis.  Upp". 
sition.    Resistance.    Inter-repellence. 

Comely,  adj.  That  which 
comes  well  or  becomes. 

Stn.  Seemly.  Graceful.  Shapely.  Ele- 
gant. 

Ant.  Unseemly.  Ungraceful.  Unshapely 
Inelegant. 

Comfort,  Comfortable.   Con 

and  fortis,  strong. 

The  first  notion  of  comfort 
must  have  been  the  supply  o. 


82 


S'jnomjms  and  Antonyriis. 


such  things  as  fortified  a  man's  i 
position,  makinc;  him  self-suffl-  * 
cient,  so  as  to  bear  up  against ; 
trouble,  want,  and  the  like.  It 
has  assumed  a  meaning,  in  re- 
ference to  every-day  cii'ciuu- 
stances,  which  it  is  a  familiar ; 
boast  of  Englishmen  that  no 
other  language  has  a  word  to 
express.  It  applies  to  mind, } 
body,  and  circumstances.  I 

Srx.  Snus.    Satisfied.    Consoled.  i 

Ant.       Uncomfortable.         Dissatisfied,  j 

Troubled.  | 

Comity,  n.  Comitas,    comis, 

bland,  pleasant.  I 

Stn.    Urbanity.  Pleasantness.      Affa-  ] 

bility.    Blandness.  i 

Akt.  Rudeness.  Distantness.  Rough- 
ness.   Cliuriisbness.  I 

Command,  v.  tr.  Con  and , 
mawlare,  to  order. 

Srti.  Order.    Direct.    Instruct.    Enjoin. 

Ant.  Supplicate.  Entreat.  Persuade.  , 
Beg.    Petition.    Suggest.    Represent.  I 

Commemor.vte,  V.  tr.  Con  and  ; 
niTnor,  miiid/td.  To  keep  up,' 
either  for  once  or  periodically,  \ 
the  remembrance  of  past  events 
or  i^ersons  by  more  or  less  pubhc 
transactions. 

S™.  Perpetuate.  Celebrate.  Solemnize. 
Keep. 

Ant.  Ignore.  Drop.  Abolish.  Forget. 
Obliviate. 

Commence,  i>.  act.  and  neut. 
Corrupted  from  con  and  tnitiare, 
to  bi'f/ix.    Fr.  commencer. 

Srij.  Begin.  Start,  initiate.  Dpen.  In- 
augurate. 

Ant.  Finish.  Terminate.  Conclude. 
Consummate.    Complete. 

Commend,  v.  tr. 

Sm.  Praise.  Laud.  Approve.  En- 
courage.   Applaud.     Kulogize. 

Ant.  BLinie.  Censure.  Disapprove. 
Discourage.  Denounce.  Condemn.  I>is- 
coMimend. 

Commendation.      See     Com- 
mend. 
Commensurate,  adj.    Con  and 


mensura,  a  measure.  Sti'ictly  ap- 
plicable only  to  cases  in  which 
two  or  more  things  have  either 
physically  or  metaphorically  the 
same  outlines,  and  so  are  co- 
extensive. Usage,  however,  vl\>- 
plies  it,  as  it  does  the  term  ade- 
quate, to  number  as  well  as  size. 

Stn.  Equal  Adequate.  Suffident.  Co- 
e.xtensive.    Conterminous. 

Ant.  Unequal.  Short.  Scant,  laade- 
quate.    Insufficient.    Incommensurate. 

Comment,  n.  and  v.  Commen- 
tari,  a  form  of  comminisci;  root, 
mens,  the  mind.  The  gathering 
of  a  meaning  into  such  a  shape 
as  may  expound  it ;  followed  by 
the  jirep.  upon. 

Srs.  Note.  Observe.  Interpret.  Illus- 
trate.    Expound.     Explain.     Dilate      Ex- 


Jlystify.       Jlisinterpret.        Misapprehend. 
Misconceive.    Misrepresent. 

Comment,  n.  Follows  the 
same  meanings. 

Commentator,  n.  See  Com- 
ment. 

Stn.  Interpreter.  Explainer.  Note- 
maker.  Expositor.  Scholiast.  Glossarist. 
KluciJator. 

Ant.  Mystifier.  Misinterpreter.  Puzdea 
Enigmaiist.    (Edipus. 

Commerce,  n.  Con  and  merx. 
Merchandize. 

Stn.  Trade.  Traffic.  Barter.  Mer- 
chandize. Exchange.  Business.  Dealing. 
Intercourse. 

Ant.  Stagnation.  Exclusion.  Dulness. 
Inactivity.     Interdict.     Embargo. 

Commiserate,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
miser,  miserable.  This  word  has 
the  two  meanings  of  despise  and 
pity.  For  it  is  plain  that  tho 
miserable  condition  of  another, 
according  to  the  disix)sition  of 
the  beholder  and  the  cii-cum- 
stances  of  the  case,  may  raise  on 
one  occasion  pity,  on  another 
contempt. 

Stn.  Despise.  Contemn.  Pity.  Com 
pasbiuimte.    Sympathize.    Oon«iole. 


Sijnomfms  and  Anionj/ms. 


Ant.  Admire.  En\y.  Disregard.  Mal- 
->roat.    Molest.    Ignore.    Condemn. 

^  Commiseration,  n.  rollows 
the  same  meanings. 

Commit,  v.  tr.  Con  and  mittere, 
to  put  or  place.  Said  of  deeds 
generally,  and  of  the  specific 
consignment  also,  both  of  things 
and  persons,  as,  to  commit  to 
paper  or  to  prison. 

Stn.  Perpetrate.  Execute.  Relegate. 
Intrust.    Assign.     Allocate.    Consign. 

Ant.  Omit.  Miscomniit.  Misconsign. 
^lisintrust. 

Commodious,  adj.  See  Accom- 
modate. 

SvN.  Convenient.  Spacious.  Ample. 
Easy. 

Ant.  Inconvenient.  Incommodious.  Nar- 
row. Ill-contrived.  Incommensurate.  Dis- 
commodious. 

Commodity,  n.  A  convenient 
•article  of  commerce  having  a 
market  value. 

Stn.  Article.     Stock.     Ware.    Staple. 
Ant.  Refuse.    Garbage.    Offal.    Drug. 

Common,  adj.  Communis. 
Either  that  which  belongs  to 
many,  or  that  which  belongs  to 
all,  or  which  all  have  in  com- 
mon. I 

Syn.  Ordinary.  Familiar.  Frequent.  I 
Coarse.    A''ulgar.    Universal. 

Ant.      Unusual.      Exceptional.       Rare,  i 
Scarce.      Uncommon.      Refined.       Partial. 
Sporadic.     Infrequent.      Excellent.      Egie- 
gious. 

Commotion,  ??.  Con  and  mo- 
vere.  An  agitation  of,  first,  the 
inherent  particles  of  a  body ;  and, 
secondly,  any  agitation,  however 
wide,  which  produces  a  single 
and  uniform  impression. 

Stn.  Agitation.  Disturbance.  Tumnlt 
Excitement.    Perturbation.    Turmoil. 

Ant.  Quiescence.  Calm.  Subsidence. 
Pacification.  Tranquillitv.  Appeasement. 
Mitigation.  Soothing.  Allaying.  Mode- 
rating. 

CoMMUNiOATB,  V.  Communis. 
Is  used  actively  and  neutrally. 

8rN.    Adjoin.      Touch.     Join.      Attach. 


Co-operate.      Unite.     Impart.     Tell.      An- 
nounce.     Declare. 

Ant.  Separate.  Disjoin.  Recede.  Stop. 
Suppress.  Conceal.  Secrete.  Reserve 
Withhold. 

Communion,  n .  See  Commuui- 
catfi.  Used  for  the  process  of 
participation  and  the  aggregate 
of  the  participants. 

SvN.  Share.  Participation.  Partnership, 
Comportionraent.  Fellowship.  Association. 
Intercourse. 

Ant.  Exclusion.  Deprivation.  Non- 
participation.  Disqualifiaition.  Alienation. 
Disconnection.    Disruption. 

Community,  n.  See  Commur 
nion.  Natural  likeness  ;  or,  ob- 
jectively, an  association  of  per- 
sons, political  or  voluntary,  as 
based  upon  the  feelings  or  ideas 
which  bind  them  together. 

Stn.  Aggregation.  Association.  Co- 
ordination. Society.  Sympathy.  Order. 
Class.  Brotherhoud.  Fraternity.  Polity, 
Nationality.  Unity.  Similarity,  Homo- 
geneity. 

Ant.  Segregation.  Secession.  Inde- 
pendence. Dissociation.  Disconnection. 
Rivalry.  Hostility.  Animosity.  Estrange- 
ment. Dissimilarity.  Contrariance,  Hete- 
rogeneity. 

Commute,  v.  tr.  Commufare. 
Has  this  difference  from  trans- 
mute, that  whereas  the  latter  i^ 
to  change,  in  the  sense  of,  to  alter 
into  another  shape  abstractedly. 
Commute  is  to  alter  into  some 
equivalent  or  correspondent  form. 

Syn.  Substitute.  Exchange.  Compen- 
sate.    Equalize.    Barter.    Balance.    Modily. 

Ant.  Misappropriation.  Misconvert. 
Misappropriate.  Dirallow.  Stabilitate.  Per- 
petuate.   Stereotype. 

Compact,  adj.  Con  and  pan- 
gere,  pact  us,  to  strike.  Beaten 
close.  Used  physically  and  meta- 
phorically. 

Syn.  Dense.  Close.  Hard.  Condensed 
Contracted.  Compendious.  Convenient. 
Concentrated.    Consolidated.    Concrete. 

Ant.  Ductile.  Brittle.  Friable.  Diifuse 
Un.shapely.  Straggling.  Broadcast.  Sparse. 
Dispread. 

Companion,    n.      Der,    either 
from  con  and  punts,  bread;  ind 
(32 


84 


Sijnonijms  and  Antonyms. 


so,  primarily,  a  messmate;  or 
from  comjKigo-uy nil's,  a  boU  or 
fastening.  One  fastened  to  an- 
other on  terms  of  habitual  equal 
friendship. 

SvN.  Associate.    Hate.    Comrade. 
Ant.   Rival.    Foe.    Antagonist.    Adver- 
sary. 

Companionable,  adf.  See 
Companion.  Having  the  quali- 
ties for  constituting  a  good  com- 
panion. 

Syn.  Pleasant.  Affable.  Sociable.  Con- 
versible.  Easy.  Friendly.  Agreeable. 
Gregarious. 

Ant.  Disagreeable.  Cbnrlish.  Unso- 
ciable. Distant.  Reserved.  Ungenial. 
Cold.  Inaccessible.  Unneighbourly.  Soli- 
tary. 

Companionship,??.    /See  above. 

Syn.  Acquaintance.  Converse.  Fami- 
liarity. Intimacy.  Friendliness.  Associa- 
tion. 

Ant.  Ignorance.  Distance.  Avoidance. 
Kstr..ngement.  Alienation.  Unfamiliarity. 
Solitude.    Isolation. 

Company,  n.     See  above. 

Syn.  Aggregation.  Association.  Union. 
Sodality.    Order.    Fraternity.    Guild. 

The  characteristic  of  an  order 
seems  to  be  that  it  is  constituted 
by  external  authority,  or,  at  least, 
depends  upon  it  for  its  existence. 
So  of  orders  of  knighthood  and 
rehgious  orders,  which  could  not 
be  without  the  sovereign  and  the 
pope,  when  regarded  irrespec- 
tively of  such  essential  authority, 
they  may  be  spoken  of  as  purely 
volimtary  or  independent  associa- 
tions, sodalities,  fraternities,  or 
societies. 

Ant.  Rivalry.  Opposition.  Disqualifi- 
cation. Antagonism.  C'ompeiition.  Counter- 
agency.    Counter-association. 

Compare,  v.  tr.  Compararc. 
To  place  together  for  the  sake  of 
observing  likeness. 

Syn.  Assimilate.    Collate.    Parallel. 
Ant.    Contrast.       Oppose.       Dissociate. 
Disconnect.    Pit.    Distinguish. 


Comparable,  adj.  See  Com- 
pare. 

Syn.  Resembling.  Approximate.  Sr- 
milar. 

Ant.  Dissimilar.  Unlike.  Remote.  In- 
ferior. 

Comparative,  adj.,  Compara- 
tively. Sec  above.  Said  of 
persons  and  things  which,  witli- 
out  equaUing  others,  or  some 
abstract  standard,  absolutely,  do 
so  with  reference  to  due  propoi- 
tion  of  circumstances,  and  in  their 
measure. 

Syn.  Relatively.    Proportionately. 
Ant.  Absolutely.    Actually.    Positively. 
Superlatively. 

Compartment,  n.  Con  and 
partiri,  to  divide;  from  purs, part, 
or  lot. 

Syn.  Division.  Partition.  Allotment. 
Sphere.    Space. 

Ant.  Its  correlative :  viz.,  anything  oj 
which  it  is  a  compartment. 

Compass,  n.  Con  and  pasms, 
a  pace.  A  space  enclosed  by  a 
walker ;  a  region ;  generally,  the 
circuit  or  circumference  of  it. 

Syn.  Area.  Enclosure.  Circuit.  Cir- 
cumference.    Horizon. 

Ant.  Space.  Common.  Tract.  Ex- 
pause.  Boundlessness.  Limitlessness.  in- 
ciefiniteness. 

Compass,  v.  tr.  See  above. 
Has,  in  addition  to  the  literal 
sense  of  encircling,  the  metapho- 
rical meanings  of  embracing  and 
completing  a  design.  '  He  com- 
IDassed  the  other's  ruin. 

Syn.  Sun-ound.  Encompass.  Enclosft 
Environ.  Qrcumscribe.  Embrace.  Achieve. 
Effect.  Effectuate.  Consummate.  Com- 
plete.   Circumvent. 

Ant.  Expand.  Dispand.  Unfold.  Am- 
plify. Display.  Dismiss.  Liberate.  DLs- 
card.  Fail.  Bungle.  Botch.  Misconceive. 
Mismanage.    Miscontrive. 

Compassion,  n.  Con  and  p;*'/, 
passio,  to  suffer,  or  be  in  a  state 
of: 


Ant.   Hard-heartedness.    Unforgivc 


tSyuouyms  and  ArJoiiyms. 


85 


OtbO!  ,7      Antipathy.     Denunciation.     Con- 
demi  Ation.    Vindictiveness.    Ketaliation. 

Compatible,  «'//.  See  above. 
Said  of  that  wliich  may  coexist 
m  the  same  state  of  circum- 
stances, or  those  things  of  wliich 
a  person  or  a  thing  may  be  col- 
lectively, at  one  time,  the  reci- 
jjieut.  Also  coincident  -with  ex- 
ternal circimistances  that  are  pos- 
sible or  consistent. 

•SvN.  Consistent.  Consentaneous.  Har- 
monious. Cocxioteiit.  Correspondtnt. 
Oongi-uous. 

Am.  Incompatible.  Impossible.  Insiip- 
jiosable.  Inconsistent.  Discordant.  Hostile. 
Adverse.  Antagonistic.  Incongruous.  De- 
structive.   Interrepugnanl.    Contradictory. 

Compeer,  n.  Compar,  eqiud. 
Equal,  in  the  first  instance,  poli- 
tically or  in  social  rank ;  hence, 
generally,  on  terms  of  equaUty  or 
companionship. 

Stn.   Equal.     Co-ordinate.     Peer.     Fel- 
low.   Mate.    Cot  patriot.    Comrade. 
AST.  Superior.    Inferior.    Solitary. 

Compel,  v.  tr.  Con  and  ^:>e/- 
lere,  to  drive.  Used  of  promotive 
not  restrictive  force. 

Syn.  Force.  Oblige.  Drive.  Coerce. 
Bind. 

Ant.  Persuade.  Convince.  Coax.  Al- 
lure. Egg.  Induce.  Tempt.  Seduce. 
Cuzlh.    Liberate.    Acquit.     Release. 

Compendious,  adj.  Of  the 
nature  of  compendium,  from  con 
and  jicndere,  to  iveiyh.  A  collec- 
tion of  chief  .elements,  such  that 
the  subject  or  work  may  be 
weighed  in  a  convenient  form. 

Sin.  Condensed.  Conceu trilled.  Abridged. 
Oomniodious.  Convenient.  UsefuL  H.mdy. 
Compreheiisive.    Compact. 

A.NT.  Diffuse.  Vague.  Proli.x.  Shape- 
less.   Cumbrous.    Undigested. 

Compendium,  n.  See  Compen- 
dious and  Abridgment. 

Compensate,  v.  Con  and  pen- 
enrt,  to  pay.  Used  actively  and 
intransitively,  the  latter  with  the 
j>rep.  for. 


Stn.  Satisfy.  Atone.  Remunerate.  In. 
damnify.    Reimburse. 

Ant.  Defraud.  Deprive.  Cheat.  DlS' 
satisfy.    Injure.    Damage. 

Compensation,  n.  See  Com- 
pensate. Is  given  to  individuals 
and  to  the  state. 

Stn.  Remuneration.  Equivalent.  Wages. 
Pay.  Allowance.  Restoration.  Restitution. 
Satisfaction.  Atonement.  Espiaiion.  lu- 
demuification.    Amercement.    Damages. 

Ant.  Deprivation.  Injury.  Non-pay- 
ment. Gratuity.  Donation.  Fraudidence. 
Damage. 

Compete,  v.  int.  Con  and  pe- 
tere,  to  seek.  To  aim  at  the  same 
object  with  another. 

Stn.  Contend.    RivaL    Emulate. 
Ant.  Share.    Participate 

Competence,  n.  See  Compete. 
Competentia,  from  comjjetere,  in 
the  sense  of  to  be  suitable  or 
sufficient.  The  convergence  of 
many  requisites  in  one  person; 
hence,  such  as  the  following  : 

Stn.  Power.  Adequacy,  SulSciency. 
Wealth.    Ability. 

Ant.  Weakness.  Incompetence.  Ina- 
bility. Insufficiency.  Waut,  Poverty. 
Impccuniosity.    Indigence. 

Competition,  n.   See  Compete. 
Competitor,  n.    See  Compete. 

Stn.  Rival.  Emulator.  Opponent.  Ad- 
versary.    Antagonist. 

Ant.  Participator.    Partner.     Auxiliary. 

Colleague. 

Compilation,  n.  Compilare, 
in  Lat.  to  piUugp,  afterwards  used 
for  to  stow  or  pack  together. 

Stn.  Collation.  Composition.  Patch- 
work. 

Ant.  Effusion.    Creation. 

Complacent,  adj.  Con  and 
]ilacere,  to  please.  Applied  to  that 
state  of  pleasure  which  leads  to 
acquiescence,  and  which  may  be 
natural  or  habitual. 

Stn.  Pleased.  Satisfied.  Content.  Plea- 
sant. Affable.  Kiiid.  Mannerly.  Ac- 
quiescent.   Amiable. 

Ant.  Dissatisfied.  Irritated.  Churlish. 
Unmannerly.    Morose.    Atsterfc    Grodging 

Complaint,  72.    Cor  and /Jon- 


86 


Stjnonyms  and  Antomjms. 


(/ere,  to  iveep.  Used  for  the  feel- 
ing, the  subject,  and  the  expres- 
sion of  pain,  annoyance,  or  dis- 
content ;  also,  technically,  in  the 
sense  of  the  physical  cause  of 
such  expression,  namely,  disease. 

Svx.  Murmur.  Discuntent,  Repiuing. 
Grievance.  Annoyance.  Remonstrance. 
Expostulation.  Lamentation.  Slctoess. 
Disea.«e. 

Ant.  Confn"atulation.  Rejoicing.  Com- 
placency. Boon.  Benefit.  Approbation. 
Applause.    Jubilee.    Health.    Sanity. 

Complement,  n.  Cumplere,  to 
jiU.  Is  used  both  of  quantity 
and  number;  1,  as  filling  up 
of  the  whole  to  its  proper  mea- 
sui'e ;  and,  2,  the  sujjply  of  "what 
is  wanted  to  the  completion  or 
perfection  of  it.  In  the  fii'st 
sense,  so  many  men  are  the  com- 
plement of  a  sliip's  crew ;  in  the 
second,  the  wife  is  the  comple- 
ment of  the  husband,  or  vice 
vtrsd. 

SVN.  Completion.  Fulfilment.  Totality. 
Supply.    Counterpart.    Correlative. 

Ant.  Deticiency  Deficit.  Insufliciency. 
Abatement.  Detraction.  Defalcation.  Dimi- 
nution.   Drawback. 

Complete,  adj.  See  Comple- 
ment. 

Svs.  Full.  Perfect.  Finished.  Ade- 
quate.   Entire.    Consummate. 

Ant.  Incomplete.  Partial.  Imperfect. 
Unfinished.    Inadequate. 

Completely,  adv.  See  Com- 
]>lete. 

Completion,  7i.  See  Complete. 

Complex,  "dj.  dm  and  pliairp, 
to  fold.  Folded  thickly  or  intri- 
cately. Said  of  intricacy  of  move- 
ment, plan,  proceeding,  or  argu- 
ment. 

SifN.  Intricate.  Multifarious.  Multifold, 
liivolved.  Deep.  Many-sided.  Abstruse. 
Close.    Tanglod.    Obscure. 

r\NT.  Obvious.     Plain.     Simple.     I'irect. 
Siij)<.-rl!ci,.l.    Uiircive.lid.   \',igue. 


]l,..b: 

Li'rt 


Complexion,  /-.     yauie  i\yot. 


The  latter  is  it«ed  metaphoneally 
or  analogously  for — 

Syn.  Face.  Aspect.  Colour.  Appear- 
ance. Character.  Hue.  Interpretation. 
Indication. 

A>T.  UnindJcitivenPss.  Concealment. 
Reticence.    Inexpressiou.    Heart.    Core. 

Complexity,  n.   See  Complex. 

Compliance,  n.  Either  from 
complere,  to  fill  up  the  measure 
of  another's  requirements,  or  com- 
pJicare,  to  enfold  one's  self  with 
them  and  his  designs.  Comp. 
Accomplice. 

Srx.  Yielding.  Submission.  Obedience^ 
Acquiescence.  Consent.  Duciility.  Docility. 

Ant.  Resistance.  Repulsion.  Disobedi> 
euce.    Refusal.    Non-compliance. 

Compliant,  adj.  See  Com- 
pliance. 

Complicated,  adj.  Same  de- 
rivation as  Complex. 

Sin.  Confused.  Intricate.  Involved. 
Perplexed.     Entangled. 

Ant.  Clear.  Simple.  Uninvolved.  Lucid 
Unravelled. 

Compliment,  n.  Same  word 
as  Complement;  but  with  the- 
French  form,  com)  ill  merit,  from 
compiUer.  A  compliment  is  there- 
fore the  expression  of  the  sum 
total  of  regard  and  duty.  As 
this  is  likely  to  become  merely 
ceremonious,  the  word  has  at- 
tached to  it  very  often  the  notion 
of  insincerity. 

Svs.  Homage.    Courtesy.    Flattery 
Ant.  ln=ult.    Discourtesy.    Contempt. 

Complimentary,  adj.  See 
Compliment. 

Comply,  v.  iid.  See  Compli- 
ance. 

Component,?;.  Coji and ;>one/vv 
to  put.  Those  things  which,  put 
together,  make  a  compoimd 
whole. 

S\-n.  logreilient.  Element.  Constituent. 
Cont»-nt.     Kudini>-nl. 

Ant.  to  n.  Aggrepale.  Sum.  Eniinty 
Coiipiiml.  V"  odj.  Niin-coiistiiuii,» 
tuicigii.     Adveiiiiiiuus.     Helfi.t  itoas. 


Spionpns  and  Antonyms. 


Idhpokt,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Con 
fiiicl  portare,  to  carry.  To  carry 
one's  self— in  the  phi-ase,  comport 
■•  'lie's  self.  Also  used  in  the  sense 
of  agreeing  with  something  else. 

Stn.  Demean.  Conduct.  Carry.  Behave. 
JiiUy.  Consist.  Harmonize.  Match.  Agree. 
tr.it.     Coincide. 

AlfT.  Mi.sdemean.  Misconduct.  Forget. 
Vary.  Differ.  Disagree.  Contrast.  Mili- 
tiite. 

Compose,  v.  tr.  Componere.  To 
put  together  in  the  way  of  collo- 
cation merely ;  or  also  for  the 
further  purpose  of  pacification. 

SrN.  Construct.  Compile.  Write.  Form. 
Paciiy.    Mitigate.    Settle.    Adjust. 

Ant.  Analyze.  Dissect.  Criticise.  Irri- 
tate.   Excite.    Awaken.    Stir. 

Composed,  adj.  See  Compose, 
and  Collected. 

CoMPOsiTioJf, «.  /S'ee  Compose. 
Used  of  matters  mental  and  ma- 
terial. 

SrN.  Compound.  Conformation.  Struc- 
ture. Mi.xture.  Combination.  Compromise. 
Adjustment.    Settlement.    Commutation. 

Ant.  Analysis.  Segregation.  Criticism. 
Examination.  Discussion.  Disturbance.  Ag- 
gravation.   Perpetuation. 

Composure,  n.    See 
and  Collected. 

Compound,  v.  tr.  See  Com- 
pose. Its  application  is  commonly 
physical,  yet  also  verbal  and  ideal. 

Stn.  Concert.   Mix.   Amalgamate,  Fuse. 
Akt.  Analyze.     Resolve. 

CoMPBEHEND,  V.  tr.  Con  and 
prehenderc.  To  grasp  materially, 
or  with  the  mind ;  also,  meta- 
physically, to  contain. 

Syn.    Comprise.     Grasp.      Understand. 
Enclose.    Include.    Involve.    Embrace. 
Aht.  Exclude.  Except.    Misunderstand. 

Comprehension,  n.  See  Com- 
prehend. 

fJxN.  Understanding.    Conception. 
Ant.  Misunderstanding.   Misconception. 

Comprehensive,  adj.  See  Com- 
prehend. Wide  enough  to  in- 
clude many  things  or  ideas. 


87 


I  Stn.  Wide.  Ample.  Qen(.ral.  Generic, 
SigniBcant.     Capacious.     Inclasive,     Oom- 

j  pendious.     Pregnant. 

I  Ant.  Narrow.  Restricted.  Shallow. 
Exclusive.    Adversative.    Exceptive. 

Compress,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
premere,  to  j^ress.  To  make  to 
occupy  less  space  by  making  the 
parts  of  elements  closer. 

•Stn.  Condense.  Compact  Contract 
Abridup.    Epitomize.    Summarize. 

Ant.  Expand.  Dilate.  Diffuse.  Colll- 
quate. 

Compression,  h.  Sec  Com- 
press. 

Comprise,  v.  tr.  Same  as 
comprehend,  thi-ough  the  Fr. 
compris,part.  of  comprendre. 

Stn.  Embrace.  Include.  Involve.  Con- 
tain.   Comprehend.    Imply. 

Ant.  Exclude.  Except.  Discard.  Bar 
Omit.    Reject. 

CoMPROBATlON,  u.  Con  and 
pirobare,  to  j)rove.  Proof,  but 
es]iecially  joint  proof. 

SvN.  Induction.  Co-evidence.  Co-testi- 
mony. 

Ant.  Disproof.  Count«r-evidence.  Re- 
futation.    Rejoinder.    Iniercontrariance. 

Compromise,  v.  tr.  Con  pro- 
mittere.  A  joint  promise,  im- 
plying its  fulfilment  to  settle 
matters  of  dispute  by  ai'bitration. 
Used  also  to  signify  the  drawing 
of  another  into  risk,  by  involving 
him  in  the  responsibilities  of 
yonr  own  position. 

Srx.  Arbitrate.  Compose.  Adjust.  Set- 
tle.    Ead.iiigcr.     Implicate.     Involve. 

An-t.  Assiavate.  Excite.  Foster.  Per- 
petuate. Exempt.  Enfranchise.  Disen- 
gage.   Extricate.    Exonerate. 

Compulsion,  n.    See  Compel. 

Compunction,  n.  Con  and 
punf/ere,  p)i(>ictus,  toprrlck.  The 
jDrickiug  of  the  conscience. 

Stn.  Misgiving.  Remorse.  Regret 
Sorrow. 

Ant.    Satisfaction.     Self-complacency. 

Assurance. 

CoMPUTK,  V.  tr.  C(»nputare, 
To  reckon. 


88 


St/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


iSifK.  Calculate.    Reckon.    Count.    Rate. 

A;>i.  Cunjecture.    Guess.    Surmise. 

OoilKADE,  n.  (.'(tmera,  a  dicim- 
h  i:  A  chamber  fellow,  after- 
wards a  companion  generally. 
See  Compeer. 

Concatenate,  v.  tr.  See 
Concatenation. 

Concatenation,  ??.  Con  and 
c'ltena,  a  chain.  Linking  toge- 
ther either. 

Sn«.  Linking.  Stringing.  Connection. 
Continuity. 

Am.  Discatenation.  Unlinking.  Un- 
clianging.  Severance.  Intermission.  Dis- 
connection. 

Concave,  adj.  Concavus.  Hol- 
low. 

Syn.  Hollow.  Scooped.  Pitted.  Ex- 
cavated.    Retreating.    Alveolar. 

AsT.  Convex.  Tumular.  Protuberant. 
Uelievaut.     Embossed.    Intumescent. 

Conceal,  v.  tr.     Con  celare,  to 

hi'Jo. 

Sys.  Hide.  Secrete.  Disguise.  Dissem- 
ble.   Screen.    Suppress. 

Asi.  Reveal.  JIanifest.  Exhibit.  Avow. 
C'Oifi'si.  Expose.  Promulgate.  Publish. 
Divulge. 

Concede,  v.  tr.  Con  and  ce- 
dere,  to  yield. 

Sts.  Grant.  Yield.  Allow.  Admit. 
Resign. 

AxT.  Refuse.  Withhold.  Deny.  Con- 
tiadici.    Contest.    Contend.    Claim. 

Conceit,  n.  Concipere,  to  con- 
c'ii-'.  The  invention  or  enter- 
tainment of  an  idea  or  project ; 
thence  the  entertainment  of  un- 
due ideas  respecting  self;  hence 
A-anity  and  the  like. 

SVN.  Idea.  Notion.  Thought.  Affecta- 
tion.    Vanity.    Abstraction.    Imagination. 

Akt.  Substance.  Reality.  Verily.  Body. 
Concretion.  Fact.  Naturalness,  tjnaffect- 
eUness.    Simplicity.    Humility. 

Conceive,  v.  tr.    See  Conceit. 

Stjj.  Imagine.  Apprehend.  Believe. 
Sujipose.     Design. 

Ant.  Produce.  Express.  Propound.  De- 
clare.   Execute.    Misconceive. 

Conception,  ??.  .^ee  Conceive, 
whose  meanings  it  follows. 


Concentrate,  v.  tr.  Cm  and 
centrum,  a  centre.  To  bring  to 
an  actual  centre,  or  generally  to 
gather  into  a  closer  combination. 
Act.  and  neut. 

Stn.  Assemble.  Converge.  Muster. 
Congregate.  Convene.  Draw.  Conglo- 
merate.   Condense.    Localize.    Centralize.  ' 

Ant.  Disperse.  Scatter.  Dismiss.  I)e- 
centralize. 

Concentration,  n.  See  Con- 
centrate, whose  meanings  it  fol- 
lows. 

Concern,?;.  Con  and.cer7iere,to 
look.  With  fixed  look  upon  an  ob- 
ject of  interest.  So  where  an  un- 
dertaking, too,  is  a  matter  of  in- 
terest on  which  the  eyes  of  part- 
ners and  subordinates  may  be 
supposed  to  look  with  a  common 
interest,  it  is  called,  commerci- 
ally, a  concern.  It  is  used  also  of 
cases  where  the  feehng  of  in- 
terest has  suffered  disappoint- 
ment ;  hence  sympathy  and  sor- 
row, 

Stn.  Interest  Regard.  Anxiety.  Re- 
gret.   Sympathy.    Sorrow. 

AsT.  Indifference.  Disregard.  Careless- 
ness.   Congratulation.    Chuckling. 

Concerning,  prep. 

Stn.  About.  Of.  Relating.  Regarding, 
Touching. 

Ant.  Omitting.    Disregarding. 

Concert,  7i.  See  Concern.  Is 
the  practical  aspect  of  concern, 
an  acting  in  common. 

Stn.  Union.  Combination.  Association. 
Co-operation. 

Ant.  Dissociation.  Counteraction.  Op- 
position. 

Concession,  n.     See  Concede. 

Conciliate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  conci- 
Uum,  a  council.  To  combine  in- 
to a  party  with  a  common  in- 
terest or  piu'poso ;  thence  ap- 
plied to  such  treatment  from 
individuals.  Used  in  a  special 
force  of  bringing  lack  thoso  who 
have  taken  olTeuoe. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


89 


Sn;.  Win.  Gain.  Enlist.  Pacify.  Pro- 
pitiate. 

Ant.  Lose.  Estrange.  Excommunicate. 
VJi-tt.    Alienate.    Irritate.    Displease. 

CONOINNITY,  n.  Cmicinnitas. 
Cinnus,  a  mixed  drink  of  spelt- 
grain  and  wine.     Used  of  style. 

SrN.  Harmony.  Nicety.  Neatness.  Ba- 
lance.  Admixture.  Temper.   Taste.   Urace. 

AifT.  Harshness.  Abruptness.  Rugged- 
ness.    Angularity.    Disharmony. 

Concise,  adj.  Con  and  ccedere, 
to  cut.  Cut  short.  Used  of  style 
in  a  favourable  sense. 

Syn.  Condensed.  Terse.  Pregnant.  Ex- 
pressive.    Pointed.     Neat.    Compendious. 

Ant.  Diffuse.  Prolix.  Verbose.  Cir- 
cumlocutory.   Rambling.    Discursive. 

Conclave,  n.  Con  and  clavis, 
a  key.  A  council  held  with 
closed  doors. 

Stn.  Council.  Assembly.  Bureau.  Synod. 
Cabinet.     Caucus. 

Ant.  Crowd.  Multitude.  Assemblage. 
Population.  Throng.  Populace.  Mob. 
Concourse. 

Conclude,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Con 
and  claudere,  to  shut.  As  a  pro- 
ceeding or  a  process  of  reasoning 
especially. 

BriJ.  Close.;  Terminate.  Complete.  Fi- 
nisli.    Infer.    Deduce.    Determine.    Argue. 

Ant.  Begin.  Initiate.  Start.  Open.  Pro- 
kiig.  Protract.  Perpetuate.  Doubt.  Dispute. 

Conclusion,  n.   See  Conclude. 
Conclusive,  adj.    See  Above. 

SvN.  Definitive.    Indisputable.    Positive. 

Ant.  Uncertain.  Dubious.  Question- 
abli'.  Hypothetical.  Supposititious.  Pro- 
blematical. Theoretical.  Vague.  Indeter- 
minate.   Inconclusive. 

Concoct,  v.  tr.  Con  and  co- 
quere,  to  cook. 

Stn.  Compound.  Prepare.  Mix.  Hatch. 
Brew. 

Ant.  Spoil.  Upset.  Disconcoct.  Dis- 
concert.   Mar.     Mispieixire. 

Concoction,  n.    See  Concoct. 

Stn.  Brew.     Mixture.    Compound. 
Ant.  CYudity.    Rawness.    Ingredient 

Concomitant,  adj.     Con  and 

coiiU'S,  a  companion. 

Ktn.  Accompanying.  Attending.  At- 
tendant.   Synchronous. 

Ant.  Precedent.  Subsequent.  Diverse. 
EJiisounected.    Independent.    Irrelat-ve. 


Concomitant,  n.     Set  xdj. 

Stn.  Accompaniment.  Accet^ary.  Ad 
junct. 

Ant.  Intrusion.  Discrepancy.  Incon- 
gruity. 

Concord,  n.  Con  and  cor,  the 
heart.     See  Accord. 

Stn.  Harmony.  Accordance.  Unani- 
mity.    Amity. 

Ant.  Discord.  Disagreement.  Variance 
Animosity. 

Concordance,  n.  See  Con- 
cord. 

Concourse,  n.  Con  cursir. 
cunere,  to  run, 

Stn.  Assembly.  Assemblage.  Crowd. 
Mob.    Throng.    Convergence. 

Ant.  Cabinet.  Conclave.  Cabal.  Dis- 
persion.   Desertion.    Solitude. 

Concrete,  adj.  Con  and  crescert-, 
crttus,  to  (jrotu.  From  Compact. 
Used  technically  of  binding  ma- 
terials for  foundations,  and 
walks,  or  floors ;  and  in  logic  for 
the  union  of  the  idea  with  the 
subject  in  which  it  resides. 

Stn.  rii-m.  Compact.  Consolidated. 
Indurated.    Embodied.'  Particularized. 

Art.  Loose.  Sloppy.  Luteous.  Shift- 
ing. Boggy.  Swampy.  Yielding.  Unre- 
sisting.   Abstract.    Generalized. 

Concur,  v.  int.  See  Con- 
course. To  meet  in  one  point. 
Used  analogously. 

Stn.  Meet.  Converge.  Concentrate. 
Agree. 

Ant.  Diverge.  Radicate.  Disagrae.  Dis- 
sent.   Part.    Differ. 

Concussion,  n.  Concutere,  to 
shake  together.  A  violent  meeting 
of  two  physical  objects.  See  Col- 
lision and  Commotion. 

Co.NDEMN,  V.  tr.  Con  and 
damnum.    Loss  or  penalty. 

Stn.  Convict.  Cast.  Censure.  IJenotmca. 
Doom.    Sentence. 

Ant.  Absolve.  Acquit.  Exonerates 
Pardon.    Justify.    Approve. 

Condense,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
densus,  dense.  To  make  compact 
by  a  compression  of  particlea 


90 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Used  metaphorically.    See  Com 
l)ress. 

Condescend,  v.  int.  Conde- 
scendere.  To  come  down  from 
one's  own  level  to  that  of  an- 
other. 

Stn,  Stoop.  Descend.  Deign.  Vouch- 
Bafe. 

Akt.  Disdain.    Scorn.    Spurn. 

Condescension,  n.  See  Con- 
descend. 

Stn.  Affability.  Graciousness.  Favour. 
Stooping. 

Ant.  Haughtiness.  Arrogance.  Super- 
ciliousness.   Pride.    Disdain.    Scorn. 

Condign,  adj.  Con  and  dignua, 
vjorthy.  Used  commonly  of  ill- 
deserving. 

Syn.  Deserved.    Merited.    Meet.    Just. 
Akt.   Undeferved.    Unmerited.     Scant. 
l^cessive; 

Condiment,  n.  Condire,  to 
preserve.  A  choice,  sweet,  or 
savoury  compound. 

SvN.  Sauce.  Pickle.  Preserve.  Season- 
ing. 

Ant.  Gall.  AVormwood.    Ashes.    Aloes. 

Condition,  n.  Condere,  to 
luild.  The  aggregate  of  circum- 
stances which  make  up  a  state 
of  mind  or  matter.  Any  one  of 
them  being  regarded  as  neces- 
s?.ry",  the  word  is  used  of  that 
which  must  enter  into  another 
thing,  in  order  rightly  to  consti- 
tute it,  natui-ally  or  convention- 
ally. 

SvN.  State.  Case.  Mood.  Term.  Mode. 
Qualification.     Requisite.    Stipulation. 

Ant.  Relation.  Dependence.  Situation. 
Circumstance.  Concession.  Fulfilment. 
Adaptation 

Conditionally,  adv.  See  Con- 
dition. 

SvN.  Relatively.  Provisionally.  Pro- 
vided.   Hypothetically.    Contingently. 

Ant.  Absolutely.  Unconditionally.  Cate- 
gorically.   Positively. 

Condole,  v.  int.  Con  and 
du/rre,  dulor,  to  grieve.  It  is  fol- 
lowed by  the  prep.  with. 

tiVN.  Syiuputliize.  Console.  Cumniiseratc.  I 


Ant.  Congratulate.  Exhilarate,  Rally 
Disregard.  Discompassionate.  Dlscoia> 
miserate. 

Condolence,  n.    See  Condole 
Condonation,  n.     Condonare, 

donum,  a  grant.    A  granting  of 

pardon. 

Syn.  Pardon.  Forgiveness.  Amnesty. 
Excuse.    Indulgence. 

Ant.  Retaliation.  Punishment.  Atone- 
ment.   Satisfaction.    Expiation. 

Conduce,  v.  int.  Con  and 
ducere,  to  lead. 

Syn.  Concur.  Contribute.  Avail  Aid. 
Tend.  Coincide.  Converge.  Conspire. 
Subserve.    Lead. 


Conducive,  adj.   See  Conduce. 

Syn.  Contributive.  Subsidiary.  Promo- 
tive.   Causative.    Effective.    Productive. 

Ant.  Preventative.  Counteractive.  Con- 
trariant.    Repugnant.    Destructive. 

Conduct,  v.  tr.    See  Conduce. 

Sy.n.  Lead.  Bring.  Transfer.  Carry. 
Guiiie,     Control.    Manage.     Administer. 

Ant.  Mislead.  Miscarrj'.  Mismanage. 
Misconduct.    Misadminister. 

Confabulation,  n.  Con  and 
fabula,  from  fari,  to  speak.  A 
consultation  on  a  not  very  im- 
portant matter.    See  Colloquy. 

Confection,  n.  Conficere,  to 
compound.  See  Concoction,  Con- 
diment, and  Compoimd.  Used 
of  sweet  compounds. 

Syn.  Sweetmeat.  Sugarplum.  Cake. 
Condiment. 

Ant.  /See  Condiment. 

Confederacy,  n.,  Confeder.a- 
TION.  Con  and  fadus  eris,  a 
treaty.  By  usage,  spoken  not 
only  of  national  but  also  personal 
alliances ;  and  used  of  the  rela- 
tionship and  of  the  states  re- 
lated. 

Syn.  Alliance.  Treaty.    League.  Unimi. 
Ant.  Disruption.    Secession.    Dlfunion. 

CONFKDBUATB,   adj.      See   CoQ* 

federacy. 

Syn.  Leagued.    Allied. 
Ant.  DisuniieiL    Diikiolve<l. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


j^ 


CoNFEDEEATE,  n.  Set  Com- 
panion. 

CoNFKK,  V.  tr.  Con  and/erre, 
to  hring.  Used  of  bringing  things 
together  for  consideration  or 
comparison ;  and  also  for  carry- 
ing to  another  for  presentation. 
Also  nsed,  intransitively,  for  de- 
liberate. 

Srs.  Compare.  Collate.  Deliberate. 
Consult    Give.    Present. 

AST.  Dissociate.  Contrast  Hazard. 
Conjecture.    Withhold.    Withdraw. 

Confess,  v.  tr.  Covfiteor.  Is 
used  of  the  avowal  of  faults  or 
offences;  or,  sometimes,  of  that 
which  the  speaker  does  not  feel 
to  be  such,  but  treats  as  such 
ironically. 

Stn.  Aver.  Avow.  Reveal.  Disclose. 
Acknowledge. 

Ant.  Disaver.  Disavow.  Suppress. 
Silentiate.    Deuy. 

Confession,  n.  See  Confess. 
It  ]ias  also  the  technical  sense  of 
a  creed,  or  the  declaration  of  it. 

Svs.  Creed.  Catechism.  Articles.  Doc- 
trines. Tenets.  Profession.  Declaration. 
Sulfc^cription. 

Ant.  Heresy.  Apostacy.  Protest  Con- 
demnation. Kefutatlon.  Index.  Renun- 
ciaiion.    Abjuration. 

Confidant,  n.  Con  and  fi</es, 
faith.  One  to"  whom  we  confide 
our  secrets. 

Syn.  Confessor.    Adviser.    Confederate. 
A  ST.  Traitor.    Betrayer.    Rival. 

Confide,  v.  int.  See  Confidant. 

SvN.  Trust.  Lean.  Hope.  Believe. 
Depend.    Rely. 

jVnt.  Doubt.    Distrust.    Disbelieve. 

Confidence,  n.     See  above. 

.Syn.  Trust.  Faith.  Belief.  Assurance. 
Dependence.     Reliance. 

Ant.  Distrust.  Mistrust.  Doubt.  Mis- 
giving. 

Confidential,  adj.  See  above. 
'1  rusted  and  ti-ustworthy,  or  re- 
garded as  such.  Used  also  of 
matters  requiring  secrecy  or  con- 
fidtcce. 


Stn.  Private.  Secret.  Trustworthy,  lu 
timate. 

Ant.  Public.  Open.  Patent.  OCcial 
Treacherous.    Insidious. 

CoNFlGTJEATioN,  n.  Con  and 
figiira.     Figure. 

Syn.  Shape.  Outline.  Delineation. 
Form.    Figure.    Conformation.    Contour. 

Ant.  Shapelessness.  Araorphousness, 
Formlessness.  Indelineatlon.  Contortion. 
Distortion.    Deformity. 

Confine,  v.  tr.  Con  saxd  Jin  is, 
a  houndai-y. 

Syn.  Circumscribe.  Restrict  Narrow. 
Enclose.    Imprison.    Incarcerate.    Bind. 

Ant.  Dilate.  Expand.  Extend.  Widen. 
Unfasten.    Liberate.    Loosen.    Dlsenclose. 

Confined,  adj.  See  Confine 
and  Circumscribe. 

Confirm,  v.  tr.  Confirmare. 
To  make  firm  or  fii-mer.  Not 
used  of  things  material,  but 
moral  and  mental. 

Syn.  Strengthen.  Stabilitate.  Establisn. 
Prove.  Perpetuate.  Sanction.  Corroborate. 
Ratify. 

Ant.  Weaken.  Shake.  Upaet  Cancel 
Abrogate.  Repeal.  Annul.  Confute.  Re- 
fute. 

Confirmation,  71.  See  Con- 
firm. 

Confiscate,  v.  tr.  C'on  and 
Jiscus,  the  treasury.  To  seize 
goods  on  the  part  of  the  State. 
In  parlance  used  of  common 
transactions,  not  gravely  politi- 
cal. 

Stn.  Seize.  Escheat  Dispossess.  Se- 
questrate.   Distrain. 

Ant.  Restore.     Release.    Refund. 

Conflagration,  v.  Con  and 
flayrare,  to  hum.  Comp.  a  fla- 
grant or  burning  shame  or  deed. 

SvN.  Ignition.  Combustion.  Fire.  Arson. 
Incendiarism. 

Ant.  Extinction.   Quenching.  Smoulder. 

CONPUCT,  «.  Confligere,ictas, 
to  strike. 

Syn.  Encounter.  Engagement.  Contest 
Battle. 

Ant.  Reconciliation.  Pacification.  Amil^; 
Irbitialiuu. 


92 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


O'JNFLICTING,  adj.  See  Con- 
flict Said  of  interests,  opinions, 
and  statements. 

Ssx.  Adversf.  Opposed.  Irrreconcil- 
&b]e.    Contradictory. 

Ant.  Harmonizing.  Consistent.  Con- 
ten  taneotis.    Congruous. 

CoNTLUENCB,  V.  Co7i  and 
flnere,  to  flow.  The  meeting  of 
•waters,  as  of  a  tributary  with  its 
river.    Used  metaphorically. 

Stx.  Conflu.'c  Mev'ting.  .Concourse. 
Convergence.    Concurrence. 

Ant.  Reflux.  Refluence.  Dispersion. 
Overflow.    Diffluence. 

CoNFOBM,  V.  int.  and  tr.  Con 
and  forma,  a  form.  To  agree,  or 
cause  to  agi'ee,  in  forms  of  cus- 
tom, belief,  or  procedure, 

Srx.  Agree.  Consent.  Unite.  Har- 
laonize.    Adapt.    Fit,    Tally.    Suit. 

A-XT.  Disagree.  Dissent  Vary.  Disso- 
ciate. Secede.  Misfit.  Dissimilate.  Mis- 
adapt. 

Conformation,  n.  See  Con- 
form and  Configui-ation. 

Conformity,  n.    See  Conform. 

Confound,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
fuadtre,  ijart.fusus,  to  pour.  To 
pour  into  a  mixed  and  troubled 
mass.  To  mix  one  thing  -with 
another  in  ignorance.  To  thi-ow 
the  senses  of  another  into  con- 
fusion. 

Stn.  Confuse.  Disorder.  Trouble.  Dis- 
arrange. Intermix.  Astoimd.  Abash. 
Mystify.    Obscure. 

Ant.  Arrange.  Classify.  Order.  AIlo- 
<"ate.  Distribute.  Dispense.  UnraveL  Kiiu- 
cleate.  Eliminate,  Elucidate,  Enlighten. 
Rally. 

CoNFBATEENiTT,  n.  Con  and 
fruter,  a  brother.     See  Company, 

Confront,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
frons,  the  face. 

SvN,  Oppose,  Face.  Resist.  Intimi- 
date,   Menace, 

Ant.  Rally.  Encourage.  Abet  Coun- 
tenance, 

Confuse,  v.  tr.  See  Confound, 
It  is  the  same  word,  but  not  so 
WL'igh.ty  in  its  application. 


Contusion,  n.    See  Confose. 

Confutation,  n.  Confutare. 
to  confute.  Comp,  Futile.  Fw 
tare  is  fi'Om  fundere,  to  pov.r. 
Confutation  is  the  complete 
drowning  gr  quenching  of  the 
statement.     See  Confirmation, 

Congeal,  v.  tr.  Con  and  geln, 
cold. 

Sts.  Freeze.    Benumb.    Congelate. 
Ant.    Thaw.     Relax.     Melt    Dissolve, 
Chafe. 

Congenial,  adj.  Con  and 
genuix,the  spirit  or  nature.  Suited 
by  nature. 

Syn.  Natural.  Concordant,  Consonant 
Grateful.    Sympathetic.    Kindred. 

Ant.  Unnatural  Abhorrent.  Discordaut. 
Dissonant.  Disagreeable.  Ungrateful.  An- 
tagonistic. Alien.    Dissimilar.   Uncongenial. 

Congenital,  adj.  Con  and 
gignere,  gen  if  us,  to  beget.  Is  used 
of  equality  of  age  in  persons,  and 
also  of  tilings  inherent  from 
birth,  especially  as  natm-ally  in- 
herent in  the  individual. 

Stn.  CoevaL  Coetaneous  (see  Coeval) 
Natural.  Inherent.  Innate.  Immanent 
Ingrained.  Incarnate.  Connate.  Ingene 
rate. 

Ant.  Unnatural.  Uncongenial.  Habitua 
Acquired.  Extraneous.  Ascititious,  Ac 
vemitious.    .\rtiiicial.    Assumed. 

Congestion,  n.  Con  andgerere 
to  carry.  An  undue  anf'  ol> 
structive  collection  of  matter. 

Si-N.  Congeries.  Accumulation.  Glome- 
ration.     Redundancy.     Plethora. 

Ant.  Dissipation.  Diffusion.  Qearanct: 
Evacuation.     Colliqiiation. 

Conglomerate,  v.  tr.  See 
Agglomerate. 

CoNGLUTiNATE,  r.  tr.  See  Ag- 
glutinate, 

Congratulate,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
aratulor,  from  gratus,  pleasant. 
To  say  or  wish  pleasant  things. 

S-»-N.  Felicitate. 
A>T.  ^■e«  Condole, 

CONGBEQATB,    V.    tr.      See   Ag' 

gi-egatt 


Congregation, 

grogatiou. 

Congress,  n.  Congredior,  from 
lirudns,  to  step  into  one.  An  open 
and  lawful  assembly. 

Syn.  I'arliament.  Counci).  Conclave. 
Assembly.  Synod.  Legislature.  Convun- 
tiou. 

Ant.  Cabal.    Conclave.    Mob. 

Congruous,  adj.  Congruere. 
Said  to  be  from  grus,  a  crane  ;  in 
which  case  the  original  meaning 
of  Congruous  must  have  been 
gregarious  or  collective.  Such  a 
meaning  it  has  entirely  lost. 

Stn.  Agreeing.  Harmonious.  Consonant. 
Accordant.    Coherent.    Homogeneous. 

Ant.  Discordant.  Dissonant  Incon- 
gruous.   Heterogeneous. 

Conjecture,  n.  Conjicere,  to 
cast  together. 

Stn.  Guess.  Divination.  Surmise.  Sup- 
position. 

Ant.  Computation.  Calculation.  Reckon- 
ing.   Inference.    Proof.    Deduction. 

Conjecture,  n.    See  verb. 

Conjoin,  v.  tr.  See  Concate- 
nate.   Lat.  conjungere. 

Conjuncture,  n.  Conjungere, 
to  join  together.  An  important 
joining  or  meeting  of  circum- 
stances. 

Syn.  Crisis.  Turning-point.  Contin- 
gency. Occasion.  Exigency.  Emergency. 
Opportunity. 

Ant.  Arrangement.  Provision.  T-e- 
paration.    Ordainment.    Course. 

Conjure,  v.  tr.  Conjarare. 
To  call  upon  by  force  of  oath. 

Syn.  Implore.  Importune.  Crave.  En- 
treat. 

Ant.  Deprecate.  Protest.  Remonstrate. 
Expostulate. 

Connate,  adj.  Con  and  nasci, 
to  be  born,  natus.  See  Congenital. 

Connatural.  Con,  with,  and 
iiatura,  nature.     See  Connate. 

Connect,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
vrctere,  to  iveave.  See  Concate- 
nate. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 
n.      See   Ag- 


f)3 


Connection,  n.    See  Conm^ct. 

aYN.  (Juiijunction.  Junction.  Union. 
Association.  Concatenation  ReUtioii. 
Affinily.    Relevance. 

Ant.  Disconnection.  Disjunction.  Dis- 
union. Dissociation.  Independence.  Irre- 
levance. 

Connive,  v.  int.  Con  and  ni'- 
verc,  conn,  with  nicare  and  nic- 
tare,  to  unnk.  To  wink  at  a 
thing,  and  so  avoid  observing  it. 
■Followed  by  the  prep.  at. 

Stn.  Wink.  Pretermit.  Puss.  Over- 
look. 

Ant.  Notice.  Visit.  Censure.  Invus- 
tigate. 

Connubial,  adj.  Con  and 
nvbtre,  to  marry. 

St:;.  Conjugal.    Matrimonial.    Nuptial. 

Ant.  Single.  Celibate.  Illicit.  Adul- 
terous. 

Conquer,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Con 
and  qucerere,  to  seek.  To  gain  for 
one's  self  by  force.  To  exert  su- 
perior force  over  another.  Ap- 
plied to  the  persons  and  the  ter- 
ritory of  the  enemy. 

Stn.  Subdue.  Vanquish.  Overtonie. 
Overpower.  Overthrow.  Defeat.  Crush- 
Master.    Subjugate. 

Ant.  Fail.  Fall.  Retreat.  Succumb 
Fly.  Submit.  Surrender.  Lose.  Forfeit 
Sacrifice.    Resign.    Cede. 

Conquest,  n.     See  Conquer. 

Syn.  Victory.  Triumph.  Overthrow 
Discomfiture.    Subjugation. 

Akt.  Failure.  Defeat.  Retreat.  Sur- 
render. Forfeiture.  Submission.  Discom- 
fiture.   Resignation.    Cession. 

Consanguinity,  n.  Con  and 
sanguis,  blood.  Blood  relation- 
ship. 

Stn.  Kindred.    Blood.    Lineage. 
Ant.  Disconnection.    Dissociation. 

Conscience,  n.  Con  and  scire^ 
to  know.  The  innate  knowledge 
of  right  and  wrong ;  and  some- 
times used  for  its  right  exercise. 

Syb.  Sense.  Intuition.  Integrity.  Prin- 
ciple. 

Ant.  Irresponsibility.    License. 

CONSCIENTIOUB,  adj.  See  Con- 
I  scieJice. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


34 


s™.  Scmpulous.  Strict.  Upright, 
High-principWd. 

Akt.  LFnscnipulous.  Lax.  Unprinci- 
pled.   Reprobate.    Unconscientious. 

CoNSCiousNEBS,  11.  See  Con- 
science. 

Sm.  Sense.  Sensation.  Intelligence. 
Perception. 

Ant.  Insensibility.    Unconsciousness. 

Conscription,  v.  Con^  and 
scrihere.  The  forcible  levying  of 
soldiers. 

Si-N.  Impressment. 

Akt.  Enlistment.    Volunteering. 

Consecrate,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
trtcer,  sacred. 

Stn.  Dedicate.  Devote.  Enshrine.  Hal- 
low.   Sanctily. 

Akt.  Desecrate.    Secularize.    Profane. 

Consecration,  «.  See  Conse- 
crate. 

Consecutive,  adj.  Con  and 
f>f<]ui,  si'cittiis,  to  folloiv.  Said 
of  speech  and  style,  follovring  in 
due  order. 

Syk.  Orderly.  Arranged.  Coherent. 
Continuous. 

Ant.  Disordered.  Undigested.  Inco- 
herent. Rambling.  Inconsequent.  Incon- 
secutive.   Discursive. 

Consent,  v.  int.  Consentire. 
To  think  or  feel  together  with 
a  proposal  or  proposition,  fol- 
lowed grammatically  by  the 
'prep.  -to. 

Stn.  Submit.    Agree.    Acquiesce. 

Ant.  Resist.  Disagree.  Dissent  De- 
cline.   Refuse. 

Consentaneous,  ad.  Consen- 
tient.    See  Consent. 

Consequence,  n.  Consequentla. 
Con  and  m'jui,  to  follow.  The 
process  of  following  from  a  cause 
or  reason,  and  the  result  so  en- 
suing. Used  also  for  the  import- 
ance which  is  implied  in  such  an 
idea. 

Syn.  Effect.  Issue.  Result.  Inference. 
Coherence.  Deduction.  Conclusion.  Im- 
ij-jrtance.    Note,    Moment.    DIgrtty. 

Akt.  Ouise.  Causation.  An.«»dence. 
Premiss.  Oiiion.  Datum.  Postulate.  Axiom. 


Unimportance.  Insignificance.  Inconse- 
quence. Inconsecutiveness.  Irrelevance. 
Meanness.    Paltriness. 

Consequent,  adj.  See  Conse- 
quence. 

Syn.  Inferred.  Deduced.  Resultant. 
Axruing.    Attendant. 

Ant.  Assumed.  Conjectured.  Antece- 
dent. Conducive.  Productive.  Inconse- 
quent. 

Consequential,  adj.  See 
above.  Has  both  senses  of  Con- 
sequence. 

Stk.  Coherent.  Connected.  Cogent. 
Logical.    Pompous.    Arrogant. 

Ant.  Incoherent,  Disconnected.  Invalid. 
IllogicaL  Inconsequential.  Affable.  Con- 
versible.  Accessible.  Easy.  Humble 
minded. 

Consequently,  adv.  Se' 
above. 

Stn.  Accordingly.  Therefore.  See  Ac- 
cording. 

Ast.  Irrelevantly.    Inconseqnently. 

Conservation,  n.  Con  sei-vure, 
to  keep. 

Stn.  Preservation.  Keeping.  Protection 
Guardianship.  Maintenance.  Stabilltation 
Perpetuation. 

Ant.  Neglect.  Exposure.  Abrogation 
Destruction.    Abolition, 

Conservative,  adj.,  Cox- 
serve,  V,  tr.    See  Conservation. 

Consider,  v.  tr.  and  int. 
Considerare.  Der.  uncertain. 
Either  con  and  seder e,  to  sit;  to 
sit  close  to  a  subject ;  or  sidus,  a 
star.  To  form,  as  it  were,  astro- 
logical observations  and  infer- 
I  ences.     Nent.  and  act. 

Syn.  Attend.  Revolve.  Meditate.  Think. 
1  Reflect.  Investigate  Regard.  Observe. 
I  Judge.    Opine,    infer.     Deduce.    Deem. 

Ant.     Disregard.      Ignore. 
1  Despise.    Guess.    Conjecture. 

I     Considerable,  aJJ.  S'.  e  above. 

1        Syn.  Important.    Large.    Extensive. 
'        Akt.    Unimportant.     Trifling.     Incon- 
j  siderable. 

I  Considerate,  adj.  See  above. 
I  Given  to  consider  the  position  or 
I  requirements  o'  othere,  or  one's 
own. 


Pretermit. 
Hazard. 


Sijnoiujms  and  Antonyms. 


Sto.  Tho>ightfuI.  Attentive.  Forbear- 
'n;;.  UDselfisb.  Judicious.  Careful.  Cau- 
tious. 

Ant.  Tlioughtless.  Inconsiderate.  In- 
»ttetiUve.  Kude.  Overbearing.  Selfish, 
injudicious.    Rasii.    Careless. 

Consideration,  n.  See  Con- 
sider.   Add. 

Stn.  Importance.  Respect.  Consequence. 
Motive.  Inducement.  Compensation.  Sub- 
sidy.   Remuneration. 

Ant.  Meanness.  Insignificance.  Unim- 
portance. 

Considering.  See  above.  Used 
adverbially. 

S\"N-.  Because.    Regarding. 

Ant.  Irrespectively.    Independently. 

Consign,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
fiiynum,  the  sign  or  signature  of 
a  document  of  trust.  See  As- 
sign. 

The  difference  between  Assign 
ami  Consign  is  that  the  former 
locates,  without  implying  cus- 
tody or  moral  responsibility, 
which  are  implied  by  the  latter. 

Consignment,  ??.  See  Consign. 

Syn.  Custody.   Conmiission.     Delegation. 
Ant.  Miscommitment.    Misconsignment. 

Consist,  v.  n.  Con  and  sistere, 
to  stand.  Is  the  neuter  form  of 
Constitute,  iind  is  equivalent  '  to 
be  constituted,'  and  is  followed 
by  (/,  except  where  it  is  equi- 
valent to  Cohere.  See  Constitute. 

Consistency,  n.  See  Consist. 
Physical,  moral,  and  mental  co- 
herence or  constitution  of  parts, 
with  the  additional  idea,  in  the 
latter  cases,  of  propriety  in  such 
coherence, 

Si-N.  Consistence.  Composition.  Sub- 
stance, Material.  Amalgamation.  Com- 
pound. Mass.  Density.  Solidity.  Close- 
ness. Compactness.  Coherence.  Uni- 
tormity.  Harmony.  Analogy.  Proportion, 
Congruity. 

Ant.  Volatility.  Vaporousness.  Sub- 
tllity.  Tenuity,  Sublimation,  Incoherence, 
inconsistency.  Incongruity.  Disproportion. 
C'ectrAriety.    Contradiction. 


95 

See  CoLsist- 


CONSISTENT,  adj. 

ence. 

Consociation,  v.  See  Asso- 
ciation and  Company, 

Console,  v.  tr.  Con  and  solus. 
Is  to  relieve  a  person  of  the  feel- 
ing of  solitude  under  trouble. 
Sometimes  applied  directly  to 
the  feeling  consoled. 

S™.  Relieve.  Soothe.  Solace.  Comfort. 
Assuage. 

Ant.  Congratulate.  Felicitate.  Aggra- 
vate. Oppress.  Disturb.  Trouble.  Annoy 
Irritate.    Disreconcile.    Dissatisfy. 

Consolidate,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
soUdns,  solid.  To  make  firm  or 
firmer  by  increased  closeness  of 
parts,  or  to  unite  firmly  two 
things  in  one, 

Stn.  Condense.  IniTorporate.  Conglnti- 
nate.  Cement.  Solder.  Bond.  Weld, 
Thicken.    Strengthen.    Fuse. 

Ant.  Weaken.  Dissipate.  Disunite. 
Dismember.  Disintegrate.  CoUiquate.  Dis- 
solve. Melt.  Vaporize.  Sublimate.  At- 
tenuate.   Triturate,    Pulverize, 

Consonant,  adj.  Con  and 
sonare,  to  sound.  Harmonious. 
See  Congruous  and  Consistent. 

Consort,  v.  v.  Con  and  sors, 
a  jyart  or  lot.  Followed  by  the 
prep,  with, 

Stn.  Associate.    Herd.    Company.    Fra- 


ternize. 

Ant.    Avoid. 
cate.    Black-ball. 


Abandon.     Excommuni- 
Banish.     Exclude. 

Conspicuous,  adj.  Consjncere, 
to  behold.    Easily  seen, 

Stn.  Visible.  Manifest.  Prominent. 
Salient.  Observable.  Noticeable.   Magnified. 

Ant.  Invisible.  Inconspicuous.  Inob- 
gervable.    Unnoticeable.    Microscopia 

Conspiracy,  n.  Con  and 
sjnrare,  to  breathe.  A  union  for 
a  common  purpose — by  usage, 
applied  unfavourably — so  close 
that  the  members  mingle  their 
aspirations  in  secret. 

S™,  Intrigue,  CabaL  Plot,  Treasoa 
Treachery, 

Ant,  Legislation.  Parliament.  Congress, 
SyntKi.    Comp.  Conclave  and  Cabal. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


9?, 


CoNsriRK  V  i.it.  See  Con- 
spiracy. 

Const AKT,  aflj.  Con  and  stare, 
(o  st'ind.  Standing  firm,  regular, 
or  true. 

Syk.  Uniform.  Regular.  Invariable. 
Perpetual.  Continuou.s.  Firm.  Faithful. 
True.    Trustworthy. 

Ant.  Irregular.  Exceptional.  Variable. 
Casual.  Accidental.  Incidental.  Broken. 
Interrupted.  Inconstant.  Fickle.  Untrust- 
worthy.   Faithless.    Treacherous.    False. 

Consternation.       Con     and 

sternere,  to  strcin  or  throw  down. 
A  knock-dowu  blow  of  astonish- 
ment. 

Syn.  Amazement.  Bewilderment.  As- 
tonishment. Astounding.  Horror.  Terror. 
Dismay. 

Ant.  Encouragement.  Boldness.  Fear- 
lessness. Assurance.  Anticipation.  Wel- 
come. Expectation.  Greeting.  Congratu- 
lation. 

Constituent,  n.  Con  and 
stituo,  from  sido,  to  place  or 
stand.  Used  of  persons  politi- 
cally, and  of  things  as  parts  of  a 
compound  whole. 

Syn.  Voter.  Returner.  Sender.  De- 
putcr.  Appuinter.  Patron.  Ingredient. 
F.lement.    Component, 

Ant.  Representative.  Nominee.  Com- 
mittee.   Constitution.    System.    Whole. 

Constitute,  v.  tr.  See  Con- 
stituent. 

SvN.  Form.  Make.  Compose.  Organize. 
Institute. 

Ant.  Dissolve.  Destroy.  Discompose. 
];)econipose.  Disorganize.  Abrogate.  Annul. 
Unmake. 

Constitution,  n.  See  above. 
Applied  to  the  human  tempera- 
ment of  body,  forms  of  govern- 
ment, and  to  compound  condi- 
tion generally  ;  sometimes  to  such 
laws  or  regiilations  as  conserve 
social  organizations. 

Syn.  Temperament.  Habit.  Natur;. 
Government.  Polity.  State.  Consisli'iice. 
Composition.  Substance.  Organization. 
Structure.    Regulation.    Law. 

Ant.  Accident.  Habitu.ition.  IModifica- 
tlon.  Interference.  Anarchy.  I<e.spotisni. 
Tyracny.     IlebeUlon.     Revolution.     Dissi- 


pation    PisorganizatioiL    Demolition,    l** 
siruction. 

Constrain,  v.  tr.  Constringert.. 
See  Coerce. 

Construct,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
struere,  to  lay, 

SiTJ.  Compose.     Build.  Fabricnte.  Form. 

Ant.  Derange.  Destroy.  Ovirtlirow 
Demolish. 

Construction,  n.  See  Con- 
struct. Used  also  for  the  spccitie 
formation  of  statements,  or  the 
shape  which  facts  may  take  in 
the  mind. 

Syn.  Composition.  Fabrication.  Krection 
Fabric.  Edifice.  Reading.  Understanding. 
Interpretation.    View. 

Ant.  Dislocation.  Dismemberment.  De- 
molition. Displacement.  Misplacement. 
Misconstruction.  Misunderstandhig.  Mis- 
conception.   Misinterpretation. 

Construe,  v.  tr.  Same  word 
as  Construct;  but,  for  the  sake 
of  marking  a  difference,  it  re- 
tains its  present  form :  Construct 
being  used  of  the  process  of  put- 
ting together  things  physical  oi 
analogous;  Construe,  of  the  re- 
solution of  sentences  or  state- 
ments into  their  grammatical 
force  and  meaning. 

Syn.  Parse.  Resolve.  Analyze.  Inter- 
pret.   Understand.    Render. 

Ant.  Nullify.  Neutralize.  Mystify. 
Distort.  Falsify.  Misconstrue.  Misinter- 
pret.   Misconceive.    Mistranslate. 

Consult,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Cwi- 
sulere,  part,  consultus.  Act.  and 
7ieut.  To  consult  together,  or  to 
consult  another.  Also  used  in 
the  sense  of  promote,  the  end 
being  taken  for  the  process. 

SvN.  Interrogate.  Canvass.  Question. 
Deliberate.    Confer.    Promote. 

Ant.  Resolve.  Explain.  Kxpouml 
Direct.  Instruct.  Dictate.  Counteract. 
Contravene. 

Consume,  v.  tr.  and  irit.  ('on' 
sumere.  To  take  up  and  alto- 
gether, so  as  to  leave  nothing 
behind.     This  may  be  done  witL- 


S>jnonj/ms  and  Antonyms. 


economical  purpose,  or  from 
■wantonness  or  purpose  of  de- 
struction. It  has  the  int.  sense 
of,  to  waste  away. 

Syn.  Usp.      ^\  ppiopriate.      Assimilate. 

Occupy.  Absorb.   Employ.  Utilize.   Wa.st<?. 

])c>tioy.  Spoil.     Ravage.     Expand.    Pine. 

Wither.  Decay. 

AsT.  Reject.  Supersede.  TMsuse.  Dis- 
card. 

Consummate,  v.  tr.     Con  and 

snnui/ns,  fii])iiiost ;  aummd,  a  sum. 
To  bring  to  a  point  or  head. 

Syn.  Complete.  Perfect.  E.\ecute.  Con- 
clude.   Seal.     End. 

AxT.  Neglect.  Drop.  Interrupt.  Nullify. 
Undo.  Baffle.  Frustrate.  Alar.  Spoil. 
1  tefeat. 

Consummate,  adj.    See  verh. 

Syn.  Perfect.  Egregious.  E.xcellent. 
Complete.    Finished. 

AxT.  Imperfect.  Rude.  Common.  Me- 
diocre.    Faulty.    Defective.     Ordinary. 

Consummation,  n.  Sec  Con- 
summate, V. 

Consumption,  n.  See  Con- 
sume. 

Contact,  ??.  Contingere,  con- 
factm.  To  come  close  enough  to 
touch. 

Si-N.  Touch.  Contiguity.  Continuity. 
Apposition.    Adjunction. 

Ant.  Proximity.  Adjacence.  Interval. 
Interruption.  Disconn.ction.  Separation, 
instance.    Isolation.    Non-contact. 

Contagious,  adj.  See  Contact. 
Produced  by,  or  as  if  by,  the  in- 
fluence of  contact. 

Syx.  Catching.  Communicated.  Trans- 
ferred.   Transmitted. 

Ant.  Infectious.  Sporadic.  Endemic. 
Antipathetic.    Preventative 

Tontain,  V.  tr.  Continere.  To 
hold  together  or  inside. 

Syn.  Hold.    Include.   Comprise.  Inclose. 
Ant.  Drop.     Exclude.     Extrude.     Emit. 
Discharge.    Afford.     Yield.     Produce. 

Contaminate,  t'.  ^z-,  Contami- 
iiare,  taminare,  probably  con- 
nected with  tangere.  Implying 
a  diitiling  touch.  Used  pliysi- 
cally  and  morally. 


97 

Corrupt     Sully 


Disdain.    Deride.     Scorn. 
Venerate.    Re- 


Syn.    Defile.      Taint. 
Befoul.    Soil. 

Ant.  Purify.  Clejise.  Lave.  Clarify 
Sanctify.    Chasten. 

Contemn,  v.  tr.  Lat.  coidem- 
nere. 

Syn.  Despise. 
Slight.    Disregard. 

Ant.  Respect.    Revcr 
gard. 

Contemplate,  v.  tr.  From 
templum,  a  sjiace  of  the  heavens 
marked  out  for  augury.  Comp. 
one  of  the  derivations  given  for 
Consider.  It  is  used  both  as  act. 
and  neut. 

Si-N.  Meditate.  Behold.  0bser\-e.  Pon- 
der. Study.  Purpose.  Design.  Intend. 
Project. 

Akt.  Ignore.  Overlook,  'Waive.  Aban- 
don. 

Contemporary,  adj.  Con  and 
tempiiH,  time.  See  Coetaneous 
and  Coeval. 

Contempt,  n.    See  Contemn. 

Contemptible,  adj.  See  Con- 
temn. 

Syn.  Despicable.  Mean.  Disreputable. 
Paltry.    Trifling.    Trivial. 

Ant.  Important.  Grave.  AVeighty. 
Honourable.    Respectable.     Venerable. 

Contend,  v.  int.  Con  and 
tendere.  To  stretch  or  strive  for 
an  object,  with  one's  self  or 
against  another. 

Syn.  Strive.  Compete.  Cope.  Contest. 
Struggle.  Grapple.  Argue.  Maintain.  Dis- 
agree.   Wrangle. 

Ant.  Resign.  Concede.  Allow.  Re- 
linquish.    Forego.    Surrender.    Waive. 

Content,  adj.  See  Contain. 
In  the  state  of  containing  enough, 
or  being  full. 

Syn.  Full.  Satisfied.  Willing.  Re. 
signed. 

Ant.  Unsatisfied.  Dissatisfied.  Un- 
willing. Reluctant.    Discontented. 

Contented,  adj.   See  Content, 
Contention,  «.    See  Coutoud. 
Contentious,  adj.    See  Con- 
tend.   Given  to  contention. 


98 


Sifnomjms  and  Antomjms. 


SvN.  Litigiou'.  Terverao  Wayward. 
Splenetic.    C;imaiikei-oiis.     Kxf  fptious. 

Ant.  Pacific.  Oblising.  Considerate. 
Obsequious.    Accommodating.    Easy. 

Conterminous,  adj.  Con  and 
terminus,  a  houndary.  Having 
the  same  or  equal  limits;  also 
has  the  Iwimclaries  contiguous. 

SvN.  Commensurate.  Adjoining.  Con- 
tiguous.   Abutting. 

Axt  Unequal.  Inconformable.  Ad- 
jacent.     Proximate.      Remote,      luconter- 

CoNTEST,  n.  and  v.  Contestari, 
A  struggle  before  witnesses.  See 
Contention. 

Context,  «.  Con  and  texero, 
to  weave.  That  into  which  a  par- 
ticular passage  is,  as  it  were, 
inwoven. 

Syx.  Tenor.  Treatment.  Texture.  Com- 
position.   Matter. 

AxT.  Text.  Quotation.  Cit;\tion.  Pas- 
sage.   Extract. 

Contexture,  ?^     -S'ee  Texture. 

Contiguous,  adj.  See  Con- 
tagious, Adjacent,  and  Conter- 
minous. 

Continence,  «.  See  Contain. 
Self-containment. 

SvN.  Abstinence.  Self-control.  Refrain, 
n.    Cbastity.    Sobriety.    Temperance. 

Ant.  Licentiousness.  Sell-indulgence. 
Incontinence.  Dissoluteness.  Intemper- 
ance. 

Contingent,  adj.  Contlngere, 
to  toucli.  Touching  upon  another 
thing,  so  as  to  move  with  and 
depend  upon  it.  Used  abstract- 
edly, in  the  sense  of  hypotheti- 
cal. 

Srx.  Dependent.  Incidental.  Resultant. 
Coefficient.  Hypothetical.  Uncertain.  Con- 
ditional. 

Ant.  Positive.  Absolute.  Independent. 
Unmodified.  Unaffected.  Uncontrolled. 
Jrre.'ipective. 

Contingent,  n.    See  adj. 

SvN.  Contribution.  Subi^idy.  Supply. 
Succour.  Keintbrcemcnt  Auxiliaries.  Do- 
iiiitlon.    Subscription. 

A.vr.  Army,  ^3um.  Host.  Campaign. 
fund.    Capital. 


Continually,  ado.  Coidinw 
are,  from  continere.  To  hold  to- 
gether over  successive  periods  of 
time. 

Si-N.  Constantly.  Persistently.  Re- 
pcafedly.    Frequently.    Continuously. 

Ant.  C;tsually.  Occasionally.  Con- 
tinf.ently.  Sometimes.  Rarely.  Fitfully 
Int/;rmittently. 

Continuation,  n.  Sec  Con- 
thmally.  It  is  applied  to  moral 
or  mental  continuity.  Where 
a])plied  to  external  action,  it  in- 
volves also  sustained  action  of 
tlie  will,  as,  'the  continuation 
o--  a  walk.'  Physical  sequence  of 
matter  is  called  continuity;  the 
unbroken  operation  of  physical 
influences,  continuance,  as,  'a 
continuance  of  fine  weather.' 
Continuance  is  also  sometimes 
used  for  continuation.  Succes- 
sion implies  series,  not  uni- 
formity ;  so,  '  a  succession  of  fine 
days,'  or,  '  a  continuance  of  fine 
weather.' 

Six.  Sequence.  Continuance.  Succes- 
sion. Connection.  Extension.  Prolonga- 
tion.    Perpeiu;uion.    Concatenation. 

Ant.  Interruption.  Cessation.  Discon- 
tinuance.   Break.    Gap. 

Continue,  v.  inf.    See  above. 

Syn.  Last.  Persist.  Endure.  Persevere. 
Proceed. 

Axt.  Cease.  Fail.  .Stop.  Pause.  Break. 
Discontinue. 

Continuity,  n.  See  Continua- 
tion. 

Contortion,  «.  Con  and 
torc/iiere,  ^xirt.  tortus,  to  tu-ist. 

Syx.  Twisting.  Writhing.  Wresting. 
Distortion.     Deformity.    Convolution. 

AxT.  Synnnetry.  Unit'orniity.  Shapeli- 
ness.   Contigtiration.    Contour. 

Contour,  «.  Con  and  Lat. 
torn  as,  a  lathe,  in  reference  to  its 
power  of  producing  a  rounded 
smoothness  of  surface.  Set  Con- 
figuration. 

Contraband,    adj.      Contra 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


against,  and  lannum,  or  humlum, 
tt  prodamation.     See  Abandon. 

Syn.  Illicit.    Interdicted.    Smuggled. 
Ant.  Licit.    Uninterdicted.    Free. 

COKTKACT,  V.  tr.  Contraliere. 
To  draw  together.  First,  into 
narrower  limits  than  formerly; 
hence  applied,  analogously,  to 
the  gathering  into  a  document 
of  the  conditions  of  an  agree- 
ment; and,  lastly,  the  informal 
act,  or  the  feeling,  of  agreement, 
as,  to  contract  a  friendship,  ac- 
quaintance, or  a  feeling  of  friend- 
ship. 

Stn.  Abridge.  Abbreviate.  Ketrench. 
Curtail.    Form.    Agree. 

Ant.  Kxpand.  Amplify.  Dilate. 
Elongate.    Reverse.    Cancel.    Abandon. 

Contract,  n.     See  verb. 

Sys.  Covenant.    Agreement.    Bond. 
'  Ajs'T.  Promise.    Assurance.    Parole. 

.Contradict,  v.  tr.  Contra, 
ngainsf,  and  dicvre,  to  speak.  To 
speak  or  argue  in  opposition  or 
confutation.  Applicable  to  per- 
sons, statements,  and  evidence. 

Syx.  Oppose.  Dissent.  Negative.  Deny. 
Dis-prove.  Confute.  Refute.  Gainsay.  Con- 
travene. 

A  XT.  State.  Propound.  Maintain. 
Argue.    Confirm.    Affirm.    Endorse. 

Contradiction,  ??.  -See  Con- 
tradict. Used  of  mutual  repug- 
nance of  terms  or  statements. 

Sin.  Repugnance.  Contrariety.  Iijcod- 
sistency.    Incompatibility. 

Ant.  Harmony.  Coincidence.  Con- 
sentaneity. Concurrence.  Convergence. 
Statement.    Affirmation.    Proof. 

Contradistinction,  w.  A 
distinction  amounting  to  opposi- 
tion ;  or  distinction  oi  a  marked 
kind. 

Contraposition,  «.  Contra, 
and /'OS /Y/o,  from  pone  re,  to  place. 
Opposite  location.     Placing. 

Svx.  Oppositeness.  Confrontment. 
Facinc. 

fc*;*  Side.    Flank.    Collateraliiess. 


99 


Contrarious,  adj.  Said  of 
disposition.     ^S'ee  Contentious. 

Contrary,  adj.  Contrarius, 
contra,  against. 

&TS.  Opposed.  Opposite.  Repugnant. 
Adverse.     Incompatible.     Inconsistent. 

Ant.  Agreeing.  Consentaneous.  Com- 
patible.   Kindred.    Coincident.    Consistent. 

Contrast,  n.  Contra  and 
sistere,  to  place. 

Srx.  Opposition.  Contrariety.  Dissimi- 
larity. 

Akt.  Harmony.  Similarity.  Comparison. 
Similitude. 

Contravene,  v.  tr.  Contra 
and  venire,  to  come.  To  come  in 
opposition  to  the  statements  or 
judgments  of  another.  See  Con- 
tradict. 

Contribute,  v.  Contribuere. 
To  give  or  tend  to  a  common 
fund,  or  for  a  common  jjurpose. 
Act.  and  neut. ;  as  the  latter,  it 
has  the  force  of  conduce. 

Stn.  Conduce.  Add.  Subscribe.  Give. 
Tend.    Supply. 

AxT.  Refuse.  Withhold.  Misconduce. 
Misapply.    Contravene. 

Contribution,  H.  Recontri- 
bute. 

Stx.  Donation.  Oblation.  Offering.  Sub- 
scription.   Subsidy.     Aid.     Assistance. 

Ant.  Withholding.  Retention.  Disal- 
lowance. Misappropriation.  Misapplica- 
tion.   Contravention. 

Contrition,  «.  Conterere, 
tritus.     See  Attrition. 

Contrivance,  n.  See  Con- 
trive. 

Contrive,  v.  tr.  Fr.  trouver, 
to  find.  Conn.  Treasure-trove. 
To  find  out  ways  in  general,  and 
the  right  way  in  particular,  as 
the  result  of  research  and  skill. 

Six.  Plan.  Design.  Arrange.  Fabri- 
cate.    Adapt.    Manage.    Scheme.    Devise. 

Ant.  Hit.  Hamrd.  Run.  Chanca 
Venture.    Bungle.    Over-vault.    Over-do. 

Contriving,  adj.  Hee  Oon- 
trive. 

H  2 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


100 


Snr.  Schoraing.  Arifiil.  Designing. 
Deep.  Cunning.  Ingenious.  Clever.  In- 
Teniivp. 

Ant.  Stolid.  In.ipt.  Fpsourceless.  Un- 
re&dy.     Artless.     Uniiivcniive. 

Control,  f.  tr.  Fr.  rontre 
roUc.  Tlie  roll  was  rotuJus,  a 
parchmeut  wound  on  a  cylinder 
of  wood,  and  used  as  a  register 
of  deeds  and  accounts. 

SvN.  Check.  Curb.  Moderate.  Regulate. 
Restrain.  Coerce.  Manage.  Administer. 
Govern. 

Ant.  Xeglect.  Abandon.  Licence.  Libe* 
rate.    Fr^e.    Slismanage.    JMisconduct. 

Control,  «.    See  verb. 

-Controversy,  n.  Contra, 
nrfainst,  and  vertere,  to  turn.  The 
turning  of  one  against  another 
in  debate. 

SvN.  Dispute.  Disagreement.  Disputa- 
tion.    Wrangle.    Bickering.    Question. 

AxT.  Agreement.  Unanimity.  Coinci- 
dence. 

Controvertible,  adj.  See 
Controversy.  That  may  be  made 
matter  of  controversy. 

SvN.  Questionable.    Dubious. 

Ant.  Unquestionable.    Jncontrovertible. 

Contumacy,  n.  Contnmacia, 
from  femnere,  to  despise  aidhority, 
or  tumere,  to  swell  cc/ainst  it. 

SvN.  Rebelliousness.  Stubbornness.  Res- 
tiveness.  Waywardness.  Self-will.  Uu- 
tractableness. 

Ant.  Subniissiveness.  Docility.  Tract- 
fibleness.  Servility.  Cringing.  Fawning, 
flattery. 

Contumely,  n.  See  Contu- 
macy. 

fliiN.  Contemp^uousness.  Scornfulness. 
Arrogance.     Disrespect.    Obloquy. 

Ant.  Rrsppct.  Rectard.  Obligingness. 
Acconmiodution.  Considerateness.  Fawn- 
ing.   Flattery.    Adulation.  Obsequiousness. 

Contusion,  n.  Con  and  ti(7i- 
dere,  tus/is,  to  bmt  or  knock. 

SvN.  Bruise.     Knock.     Blow. 
Ant.  Soothing.     Smoothing.     Stroking. 
■Caress.     Put. 

Convalescence,  n.  Convales- 
cere,  from  valere,  to  be  strong.  The 
state  of  health,  especially  in  re- 
ference to  previous  sickness. 


St.\-.  Health.  Sanity.  Vigour.  Robuat" 
ness.  Hardiness.  Huleness.  Recovery. 
Cure. 

Ant.  Infirmity.  Weaknes?.  Unbealthi- 
ness.  Sickliness.  Complaint.  Disease, 
Maladv.  Ailment.  I'lostratloii.  Sinking. 
Relapse. 

Convene,  act.  and  int.  Con 
and  venire,  to  come.  Used  only 
of  persons. 

Syn.  Assemble.    Collect.    Gather.    Sum- 
mon.   Muster.    Levy.    Convoke. 
Ant.  Disperse.    Dismiss.    Disband. 

Convenient,  adj.  See  Con- 
vene. Coming  opportunely  or 
conducively.  The  older  sense 
was,  fitting,  decent,  becoming. 

Syx.  Handy.  Apt.  Helpful.  Commo- 
dious. Useful.  Timely.  Seasonable.  Op- 
Awkward.  Ob- 
structive. Useless.  -Superfluous.  Unsea- 
sonable.   Untimely.    Inopportune. 

Convention,  7?.  .SVe  Convene. 
Has  the  sense  of  an  assembly  for 
a  common  purpose,  and  the  re- 
sult of  deliberation,  in  the  shape 
of  compact.  It  differs  from 
compact  as  being  to  nations  or 
societies  what  compacts  are  to 
individuals. 

SvN.  Assemblage.  Blecting.  Gathering. 
Conference.  Cabinet.  Convocation.  Con- 
gress.   Session.    Synod.    Treaty.  Compact. 

Ant.  Recefs.  Non-convention.  Disso- 
lution. Prorogation.  Promise.  Under- 
standing.     Word.    Parole. 

Conventional,  adj.  See  Con- 
vene. Based  upon  social  cus- 
tom. 

SvN.  Customary.  Usual.  Prevalent. 
Social. 

Ant.  Unusual.  Unsocial.  Legal.  Com- 
pulsory. Statutable.  Iinn)utable.  Natural. 
Invariable. 

Conventual,  adj.  See  Con- 
vene.   Belonging  to  the  convent. 

SvN.  Monastic.     Regular.    Ccenobitual. 
Ant.  Laic.    Secular.    Social. 

Converge,  v.  inf.  Con  and 
vergere,  to  te)id  or  slope.  Used  of 
things  among  themselves,  or  ona 
to  another,  or  a  common  point. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


RVN.  Toiid.  Bear.  Incline.  T.ead.  Co- 
Sncide.  Coiiiuice.  Contribute.  Meet.  Con- 
ceii  irate.    Corradiate. 

Ant.  Diverge.  Deviate.  Radiate.  Mix. 
Foul.    Entangle. 

Conversant,  adj.  Con  and 
versari,  to  be  versed.  Having  the 
knowledge  of  experience. 

Syx.  Familiar.  Acquainted.  E.\peri- 
enccd.    Versed.    I^earned. 

Ant.  Unfamiliar.  Unacquainted.  Ig- 
norant. Unversed.  Unlearned.  Strange. 
Inconversant. 

Conversation,  «.  See  Con- 
versant. Applied  by  usage  to 
community  of  speech,  though,  in 
old  times,  the  word  was  equi- 
valent to  mode  of  Jife. 

SvN.  Converse.  Dialogue.  Colloquy. 
Confabulation.    Chat. 

Ant.  Speech.  Oration.  Harangue. 
Babel.  Jabber.  Babble.  Prattle.  Dribble. 
Mutter.  Sililoquy.  Apostrophe.  Mono- 
logue. Interpellation.  Interruption.  Silence. 
Taciturnity. 

Converse,  v.  See  Conversa- 
tion. 

Converse,  adj.  See  above. 
Denotes  duality  of  opposition. 

Syn.  Opposite.  Reverse.  Contrary.  Op- 
posed. Contradictory.  Counter.  Correlative. 
Relative. 

Ant.  Identical.  Same.  One.  Insepa- 
rable. Indistingni.shable.  Connate.  Uni- 
form.    Direct,     rrhnary.     Unlnverted. 

CONVERSIELE,  adj.  See  above. 
Comp.  Affable. 

Conversion,  v.  Con  and 
vertere,  to  tarn.  Im2>lies  the 
changed  state  of  the  whole  per- 
)5on  or  thing;  also  the  relative 
change  of  two  things. 

SvN.  Change.  Alteration.  Transmuta- 
tion.   Transformation.    Inlerchange. 

Awr.  Persistence.  Permanence.  Con- 
Ecrvation.    Reteniion.    Identity. 

Convert,  v.  int.  See  Con- 
version. "With  the  additional 
sense  of  apply. 

SvN.  Change.  Alter.  Transmute.  Trans- 
form.   Apply.     Apiiropriate. 

Ant,  Conserve.  Perpetuate.  Stabili»'«fA 
Stereotype.  Clinch  Alienate.  Divert. 
Misappropriate.    Misapply.  | 


101 


Convertible,  adj.  Sie  above. 
In  strict  logic,  said  of  terms 
which  may  interchangeably  form 
the  subject  or  predicate  of  a  pro- 
position; as,  the  aggregate  oi 
the  English  letters  is  the  Eng- 
lish alphabet;  or,  the  Enghsh 
alphabet  is  the  aggregate  of  the 
English  letters ;  so,  the  terms 
are  convertible.  All  trees  are 
vegetables;  here  the  terms  ase 
not  convertible,  for  there  are 
vegetables  which  are  not  trees. 
But,  in  usage,  the  word  has  ex- 
tended to  mean  words  or  terms 
which,  generally  speaking,  may 
be  used  interchangeably. 

Stn.  Ideniical.  Commensurate.  Con- 
terminous.    Equivalent.     Equipollent. 

Ant.  Variant,  incommensurate.  Ua- 
equivalent.  Contrary.  Contradictory.  Coa- 
trariant. 

Convey,  v.  tr.  Con  and  veliere, 
to  carry.  To  carry  bodily;  im- 
plying, however,  some  definite 
direction  and  end.  Used  also 
metaphorically,  as,  to  convey  an 
impression. 

SiN.  Take.  Carry.  Transfer.  Transv 
port.     Remove. 

Ant.  Bring.  Adduce.  Fetch.  Drop, 
House.    Slow.    Deposit. 

Conveyance,  ».  See  Convey. 
Used  loosely  for  carriage,  as  a 
means  of  personal  conveyance. 

Convict,  v.  tr.  See  Convince. 
Used  of  legal  convincement  ot 
crime  or  misdemeanour. 

Syn.  Sentence.     Condemn. 
Ant.  Acquit.    Discharge. 

Conviction,  n.  See  Convict. 
Used  also  for  assurance. 

Syn.  Assurance.    Persuasion.    Belief. 
Ant.  Doubt.    Misgiving.     Disbeliei. 

Convince,  v.  tr.  Con  ands 
vinc^re,  to  overcome.  To  over- 
come objections  of  the  intellect, 
as  to  persuade  is  to  overconrtj 
objections  of  the  will.    In  usape 


i02 


Sijnonyms  and  Antomjms. 


it  does  not  necessarily  imply  pre- 
vious resistance,  but  only  igno- 
rance of  mind.  It  is  followed  by 
the  prep.  of. 

SrN.  Pei-suade.  Eiiligblen.  Inoculate. 
Iiidoctrinafe. 

Ant.  Misg:uide.  Mislead.  Misadvise. 
?ilystify.  I'uzzle.  Perplex.  Mispersuade. 
Unsettle. 

Convivial,  adj.  Convivium, 
a  repast.  Said  of  meetings  and 
persons  ;  the  idea  of  feasting,  as 
in  the  term  Festive,  being  not 
rigidly  present. 

SvN.  Hospitable.  Social.  Festive. 
Jovial.    Jolly. 

Ant.  Inhospitable.  Unsociable.  Un- 
neighbourly. Churlish.  Abstemious.  Aus- 
tere.   Ascetic. 

Convoke,  Convooate,  Con- 
vocation. Con  and  vocare,  to 
mil.  See  Convene  and  Conven- 
tion. 

Convolution,  n.  Con  and 
voJvere,  to  roll,  volutus.  A  coiling 
inwards. 

Syn.  Coil.  Involution.  Implication. 
Spiral.    Twist.    Contortion. 

Ant.  Unravelling.  Explication.  Evolu- 
tion.   EniK  Ifiatiou. 

Convoy,  n.  and  v.  Con  and 
via,  a  way  (^uiagium,  \vhence 
voyage).  Is  to  the  sea  what 
Escort  is  on  land. 

Syn.  Escort.  Guard.  Protection.  Con- 
duct. 

Akt.  Loss.  Betrayal.  Capture.  Inter- 
ception. 

Convulse,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
vellere,  to  tear  or  pull,  ^^art.  viilsus. 
To  produce  internal  agitation. 

Syn.  Agitate.    Shake.    Perturb. 
Ant.  Soothe.    Collocate.    Compose.    As- 
Buage. 

Convulsion,  n.   See  Convulse. 

Syn.  Agitation.  Commotion.  Perturba- 
tion.   Tumult.    Turmoil 

Ant.  Quiescence.  Subsidence.  Soothing. 
Pacification.    Arrangement.    Composure. 

Cool,  v.  tr.  Germ.  Used 
physically  and  analogously, 

SvN.  Ventilate.  Uefrigerate.  Allay, 
Damp.    Tcniper.    Moderate. 


Ant.  ■Warm.  Heat.  Chafe.  Iiritata 
Excite.    Inflame. 

Cool,  adj.    See  Cool,  v. 

Syx.    Cold.     Calm.     Indifferent.      Self- 
possessed.  ' 
Ant.  Warm.    Hot.    Ardent.    Eager. 

Coolness,  n.    See  above. 

SvN.  Coldness.  Calmness.  Indifference 
Self-possession.    Distance. 

Ant.  Heat.  Ardour.  Eagerness.  Pas- 
sion.   Excitement.    AVarmth.    Heartiness. 

Coop,  v.  tr.  Of  Northern 
origin.  Conn,  mth  Cup.  See 
Confine. 

Co-OPEKATE,  V.  int.  Con  and 
opus,  a  xoork.  Followed  by  the 
prep.  with. 

Syn.  Assist.    Abet.    Conspu-e. 


Co-operation,  n.  See  Co- 
operate. 

Co-ORDINATE,  adj.  Con  and 
ordo,  a  rank.  Either  belonging 
to  the  same  order  or  class ;  or, 
more  correctly,  belonging  to  the 
same  rank  or  degree. 

Syn.  Consociate.  Coincident.  Equal. 
Coequal.  Equivalent.  Tantamount.  Equi- 
pollent.   Interequivalent. 

Ant.  Extraneous.  Diverse.  Alien.  Un- 
equal. Unequivalent.  Inco-ordinate.  Dis- 
parate. 

Copartner,  n.    See  Partner. 

Cope,  v.  int.  Fr.  couper,  to 
cut.  Coup,  a  blow.  Conn.  Copse 
or  Coppice,  where  the  wood  is 
frequently  cut  for  fuel.  It  is 
followed  by  the  prep.  with. 

Syn.  Contend.  Vie.  Struggle.  Strive 
Compete. 

Ant.  Negotiate.  Arbitrate.  Compro- 
mise.   Surrender. 

Copious,  adj.  Copia.  Plenty. 
See  Abimdant. 

Copy,  n.  See  Copious.  A  con- 
trivance for  multipljing  an  ori- 
ginal. 

Syn.  Imitation.  Portraiture.  Likenesi 
Transcript. 

Ant.  Original.  Prototype  'Vlcdel.  E^ 
ample.    Pattern. 


Sijyiomjms  and  Antomj 


Ccrd;al,  adj.     Cor,  the  heart. 

SVN.  \\'aru,  Kaniest.  AflVctionate. 
Hearty. 

Akt.  Cold.  Distant.  Formal.  Cere- 
monious. 

Core,  n.    F,ee  Cordial. 

SvN.  Heart.    Kernel.    Nucleus.    Centre. 

Ant.  Face.  Exterior.  Aspect.  Ap- 
pearance. Complexion.  Ostensibility.  Pre- 
text. 

COENER,  n.  Curnv,  a  horn. 
The  angle  made  by  the  horns, 
the  head  being  the  point  of  meet- 
ing. By  usage,  any  locality  of  a 
hollow  or  secluded  kind. 

Syn.  Cavity.  Hole.  Nook.  Recess. 
Retreat. 

Akt.  Coin.  Abutment.  Prominence. 
Salience.  Angle.  Protrusion.  Elljow.  Pro- 
jection.   Convexity. 

Cornice,  «.  Fr.  Comp.  with 
Crown.     A  moulded  projection. 

SVN.  Beadiiis.    Moulding.    Projection. 
Ant.  Entoblature.   Fluting.  Corrugation. 
Cavity.    Groove. 

Corollary,  v.  Corolla,  a 
cJiajjht,  from  corona,  coroUarium. 
A  gift  of  elegance,  as,  a  chaplet 
or  bouquet  of  flowers,  crowning, 
or  superadded  to  the  due  wages. 
Hence,  an  additament  of  an  in- 
ferential nature. 

Sr.v.  Inference.  Deduction.  Additament. 
Superaddition. 

Ant.  ftoblem.    Proposition. 

Corporal,  Corporeal,  adj. 
Corpus  oris,  the  lody. 

Stn.  Bodily.    Fleslilv.     Physical. 
Ant.  Mental.    Moral.    Spiritual. 

Corps,  n.  Corpus,  a  body.  Or- 
ganized more  especially  for  mili- 
tary purposes. 

Sre.  Budy.  P.egiment.  Band.  Squadron. 
Troop.     Company. 

Ai:t.  Army.  "Host.  Force.  Mass.  Or- 
ganization.   Aggregate. 

Corpse,  u.  See  Corps.  By 
usage  restricted  to  dead  bodies. 

Stn.  Carcase.    Remains.    Dust.    Clay. 
Ant.  Soul.    Person.    Individual. 

Corpulent,  adj.    See  Corps. 

Syn.  Stout.     I'ortly.     Burl",     Fat. 
Ant.  Lean.    Ihin.    AttenJi-i'ved.   Slight. 


lin^Kia'.td. 


ms.  103 


Corpuscle,  n.    See  a()ove. 

Syn.  Atom.  Particle.  Monad.  Jot. 
Molecule. 

Ant.  Mass.  Body.  Aggregate.  Or- 
ganization.     Matter. 

Corpuscular,  adj.  See  Cor- 
puscle. 

CORRADIATE,     V.,      CoRRADIA- 

TION,  n.     See  Converge. 

Correct,  adj.  Con  and  regere, 
to  rule.  Whence  Ecgular  or 
Rule.  True  to  a  given  standard 
of  morals,  mathematics,  logic, 
art,  &c.     See  Accurate. 

Syn.  'J'rue.    Exact.     Faultless.    Eight. 
Ant.  I'alie.    Untrue.  Incorrect.  Faulty 
AVrong. 

Correct,  v.    See  adj. 

Syn.  Chasten.   Punish.   Rectify.  AmencL 
Akt.  Spare.     Falsify.    Corrupt. 

Corrective,  adj.  and  n. 

Si-N.  Regulative.  Alterative.  Preventa- 
tive.    Restorative. 

Ant.  Confirniiitive.  Conducive.  Provo- 
cative.   Stimulative.    Jntensitive. 

Correlation,  n.  Con  and 
rcfi'rre,  relatiis,  to  refer. 

Syn.  Correspondence.  Interrelation. 
Interdependence.     Mutuality.    Apposition. 

Ant.  Contradiction.  Independence.  In- 
ter-repuguance. 

Correlative,  adj.  See  Cor- 
relation. 

Correspond,  v.  inf.  Con  and 
respondere,  to  respond. 

Syn.  Match.  'J'ally.  Fit.  Answer. 
Agree.    Suit.    Harmonize. 

Ant.  Vary.  Differ.  Disagree.  Jar. 
Clash. 

Correspondence,  «.  See 
Correspond.  It  has  also  the  tech- 
nical sense  of  correspondence  by 
letter. 

Syn.  Fitness.  Agreement.  Answerable- 
ness.  Match.  Congeniali  y.  Communica- 
tion.   Letier.    Writing.    Despatches. 

Ant.  Conversation.  Colloquy.  Con- 
fMbulation.  Reservation.  Withdrawal. 
Withholding.  Non-intercourse.  Difference. 
Repugnance. 

Corrigible,  adj.    See  Correct. 

SvN.  Amruable.     Docile.     Tractable. 
Am.  Intractable.    Stubbcm.    Incorrigi* 


101 


Synonyms  and  Antony] 


Corroborate,  v.  tr.  Co7i  and 
rohur,  Htrength.  Whence  Eobust. 
To  strengthen  evidence,  state- 
ment, or  oiDinion. 

SvN.  Strengthen.  Confirm.  Fortify. 
Support. 

A.NT.  Weaken.  Invalidate.  Shake.  Con- 
fute.   Rebut.    Enfeeble. 

Corroboration,  n.  *Vee  Cor- 
roborate. 

SvN.  Confirmation.  Fortification. 
Strengthening. 

Ant.  Counterevidence.  Contradiction. 
Invalidation.    Shaking.    Refutation. 

Corrode,  v.  tr.  Con  and  ro- 
dere,  to  (jnaio.  Used  physically 
and  metaphorically,  as,  corroding 
care. 

SvN.  Eat.  Kust  Gnaw.  Canker.  Wear. 
Crumble. 

Ant.  Repair.  Renew.  Furbish.  Con- 
solidate. 

Corrosion,  n.    See  Corrode. 

CoRROsrv'E,  adj.    See  Corrode. 

Corrugate,  v.  tr.  Huga,  a 
wrinkli', 

Svx.  Furrow.  Groove.  Rumple.  Crumple. 
AViinkle.    Ruffle.    Crease. 

AjiT.  Plane.    Flatten.    Roll. 

Corrugation,  n.  See  Corru- 
gate. 

Corrupt,  v.  tr.  Con  and 
rinnpere.  To  break  up  the  ele- 
ments of  an  organized  body ; 
hence,  morally,  to  taint,  and  also 
to  spoil  mental  matter,  as,  the 
views  of  truth,  or  the  text  of  a 
book,  by  false  rendering. 

Stn.  Spoil.  Deteriorate.  Impair.  De- 
base. Detile.  Contaminate.  Pollute.  De- 
prave. 

Ant.  Mend.  Repair.  Purify.  Cleanse. 
Correct.    Ameliorate.    Better. 

Corrupt,  adj.     See  vrrh. 

S\N.  Defiled.  Polluted.  Vitiated.  Con- 
tandnated. 

Ant.  Pure.  Uncorrupt.    Undefiled  I 

Corruption,  ».  See  Corrupt.  I 
Physical  and  moral.  ! 

Syy.  Decomposition.  Decay. ,  Defile- 1 
Kent.  Deterioration.  Taint.  Contaiiiina-  | 
tinn.    Putrefaction. 


Ant.  Vitality.  Orgaiiization.  Pari^ 
Purification.    AmeUoration. 

Coruscate,  v.  int.  ConiRtxire. 
To  shine  with  a  flashing  hght,  as 
distinguished  from  a  steady 
burning. 

Sin.  Blaze.  Flame.  Flash.  Scintillate. 
Ghsten. 

Ant.  Pale.  Smoulder.  D.irken.  Loom. 
Lower.  Glimmer.  Gleam,  blare.  Beam 
Shimmer. 

Coruscation,  v.  See  Corus- 
cate. 


JCTfJiOS. 


CoSMiCAL,   adj.       Gr. 

the  vorhl. 

Six.  Universal.    General. 

Ant.  Local.  Topical.  National.  Per- 
sonal. 

Cost,  n.  Germ,  l-osten.  Lat. 
constare.  To  stand  at  a  jirice. 
The  price  at  which  a  thing 
stands 

Syn.  to  V.  Require.    Consume.    Absorb. 

Ant.  Bring.  Produce.  Yield.  Afford. 
Fetch.    Return. 

Syn.  to  71.  E.xpenditure.  Outlay.  Pis- 
bursemeut.  Payment.  Compensation.  Out- 
goings. 

Ant.  to  n.  Receipt.  Income.  Emolu- 
ment. Return.  Profit.  Perquisite.  R'^ 
venue. 

Costly,  adj.     See  Cost. 

S\"N.  \'aluable.  Expensive.  High-priced. 
Rich.     Precious.    Sumptuous. 

Akt.    Valueless.      Cheap.  Low-priced. 

Jlean.     ^Vorthless    Beggarly.  Paltry. 

Costume,  n.  Same  word  as 
Custom,  from  the  Lat.  consuetudo. 
Custom,  or  way  of  living ;  but  by 
usage  restricted  to  distinctive 
dress. 

Syn.  Uniform.    Livery.    Robes. 
Ant.  Disguise.    Transformation.    Inoog< 
nito. 

CoSY,  adj.     Fr.  causer,  to  chat. 
Svx.  Snug.    Comfortiible.    Chatty. 
Akt.  Bare.    Comfortless.    Cross. 

Cotempokary,  adj.  See  Co8- 
taneous  and  Coeval. 

CovcH,  i\     Fr.  coHclter,  to  lie. 

Stw.  LIp.     Bend.     .Stoop.     Sfpiat. 
Ant.     I{i>e.      Stand.      Spring.     Dart 


COUCHANT,    (ulj. 

Used  heralclically. 

Council,  n.  Lat.  conctlium. 
A  lawful  or  standing  combina- 
tion for  purposes  of  consultation. 

SvN.  Cabinet.  Bureau.  Chamber.  Con- 
sultalion.  Coiiclave.  Parliament.  Congress. 
Synod. 

Ant.  League.  Conspiracy.  Cabal.  In- 
trigue.    Mob.     Alullilude.     Crowd. 

Counsel,  n.  The  French  form 
of  Council. 

Syn.  Advice.     Instrui-tion.     Jlonitlon. 
Ant.  Misguidance.    Misinstruction.    Be- 
trayal. 

Counsel,  v.    See  noun. 

Counsellor,  ».  See  Coimsel, ??. 

Count,  v.  tr.  Lat.  computure, 
to  compute  :  of  which  Count  is  a 
shoi-ter  form. 

Srx.  Compute.  Reckon.  Enumerate. 
Estimate.     Number.     Sum. 


Si/nomjms  and  Antonyms. 
See  Couch 


105 


Countenance,  v.  Contlnentiu 
vi'Itiis.  The  jixmeral  pose,  aspect, 
or  expression  of  the  features ;  or 
the  component  parts  of  the  face 
itself,  irrespective  of  such  ex- 
pression. Used  metaphorically 
for  aid,  being  the  result  of  a 
favourable  expression  of  counte- 
nance. 

Svx.  Help.     Aid.     Abet.     Encourage. 
Ant.    Oppose.      Confront.      Discourage. 
Diacouiitenance.     Browbeat. 

Countenance,  ».    See  verb. 

SvN.  Aid.    Abet.    Encourage.    Support. 
Ant.  Discountenance. 

Counter.  Lat.  contra,  against. 
It  is  used  as  an  advei  b,  prtjjosi- 
tion,  and  prefix. 

Syn.  Opposed.    Contrary.    Against. 
AxT.  According.    Coincident. 

Counteract,  v.  tr.  Contra, 
or/uinst,  and  at/ere,  to  do  or  act, so 
as  strongly  to  oppose,  or  eflfec- 
tually  to  neutralize. 

■  Syx.  Connteriiif  uence.  Counterfoil.  Foil. 
B'.m-.  Neutralize.   0pp<,se.    liival.  Tbw;irt. 


Ant.  Aid.  Help.  Abet.  Promote, 
Conserve.    Co-operate.    Subserve. 

Counterevidence,  n.  Contra, 
evidentia,  evidere,  to  look  out,  or 
manifest  itself.  Evidence  in  au 
opposite  direction. 

Syn.  Contradiction.    Confliction. 
Ant.  Corroboration.    Confirmation. 

Counterfeit,  v.  Contra  and 
facere,  factiis,  to  do  or  make.  A 
thing  done  falsely,  that  is,  against 
truth  or  justice  or  actual  fact. 

Misrepresent.     Imper- 

Ur 


Simulate. 


Sy 
sonate. 

Ant.  E.xpose 


iiask.    Detect. 


Counterfeit,  n.     See  verb. 

Syn.  Clieat.  Trick.  Juggle.  Fraud. 
Artifice.  Fabrication.  Pretence.  Ruse. 
Sham. 

Ant.  Exposure.  Detection.  Unmasking. 
Unveiling.    Reality.   Verity.    Fact.    Truth. 

Counterfoil,  v.  tr.  Contra, 
against,  and  folium,  a  leaf,  or 
thin  plate  of  metal  (as  tin-foil), 
placed  at  the  end  of  fencing- 
swords  for  purposes  of  safety. 
Hence  to  foil  may  be  to  baffle  or 
blunt  the  edge  of  an  attack.  But 
comp.  Yv.  fouler.     See  Baffle. 


Countermand, 
Command. 


See 


Counterpart,  n.  Contra  and 
pans,  a  part,  lot,  or  i>lac\  That 
which  is  placed  opposite  to  a 
thing  to  match  it,  as  each  gate- 
post is  the  counterpart  of  the 
other.  From  the  usual  similarity 
of  comiterparts,  the  word  has 
come  strongly  to  express  the 
idea  of  resemblance,  which  is  not 
its  primary  force.  Physical 
counterparts  may  be  opposite  in 
situation,  but  cannot  be  opposed. 

Svx.  Alatch.  Fellow.  Tally.  Brother. 
Twin.    Copy. 

Ant.  Correlative.  Complement.  Sup- 
Dlement.  Opponent.  Counterager.t.  Ke- 
ver.se.  Obverse.  Opjiosite.  Amithesia 
Contrast.    Coniradicti^>a. 


106 


Synonyms  and  Antonynn 


Counterpoise,  v.  tr.  Fr.  contre  I 

pois,  pondus,  u-eiglit.  I 

SvN.  Balance.    Equalize.  I 

Akt.  Overbalatice.    Aggravate.  ] 

Counterpoise,  «.    See  verh.     \ 

Syn..  Makeweight.    Kquilibrium. 
Ant.  Preponderance. 

CoUNTERPEESSURE,  n.  Contra 
and  prtmere,  pressus,  to  press. 

Stn.  Resistance.  Stubbornness.  Eeni- 
tency. 

Axt.  Yielding.    Giving.    Resilience. 

Countervail,  v.  int.  Contra 
and  valere,  to  be  of  force.  Counter- 
vail is  to  the  notion  of  influence 
"uiiat  Countei'iDoise  is  to  that  of 
weight. 

Syn.  Counteract.    Oppose.    Withstand. 
Ant.  Aggravate.    Intensify.    Subserve. 

Countless,  adj.    See  Count. 

Syn.  Innumerable.    Numberless. 
Ant.  Few.    Scant.    Sparse. 

Countryman,  n.  One  of  the 
country.  Also  one  of  a  country, 
and  one  of  the  same  country. 
Country  is  from  It.  contrada, 
from  the  Lat.  contra,  a  tract 
lying  opposite  to  the  spectator. 

Syn.  Rustic.  Clown.  Boor.  Agricul- 
turist. Labourer.  Peasant.  Fellow-coun- 
tryman. Fellow-subject.  Fellow-citizen. 
Subject.    Citizen.    Inhabitant.    Native. 

Ant.  Oppidan.  Townsman.  Cockney. 
Foreigner.    Alien.    Stranger. 

Couple,  v.  tr.  Copidare, 
coptdiis,  a  link.  Used  of  fasten- 
ing two  things  to  each  other. 

Syn.  Bracket.    Link.     Conjoin.    Unite. 

Splice.  Buckle.  Button.  Clasp.  Tie. 
Brace. 

Ant.  Loose.     Part.    Isolate.    Separate. 

Detach.  Divorce.  Uncouple.  Unclasp. 
Untie. 

Courage,  h.  Fr.  coitr,  th<- 
heart. 

Syx.  Bravers'.  Boldness.  Valour.  Gal- 
antry.    Fearlessness.    Intrepidity. 

Ant.  Timidity.  Cowardice.  PuslUani- 
aiity.    Poltroonery.    1  lastardliness. 

Course,  n.  Cursus,  from  cur- 
rere,  to  ru-n. 

Sin.  Order.  Sequence.  Continuity. 
Direction.  Progress.  Line.  Way.  Mode. 
Plaa.    Conduct . 


Ant.  Disorder.  Discursion.  Solutioa. 
Interruption.  Deviation.  Hindrance.  Error. 
Conjecture.    Haziird.    Speculation.    Caprice. 

Court,  v.  Fr.  coar.  A  court. 
To  seek  to  gain,  as  it  were,  by 
courtly  address. 

Syn.  Woo.  Seek.  Affect.  Flatter.  Pur- 
sue. 

Ant.  Repel.  Abjure.  Disaffect.  Insult 
Avoid.    Shun.    Repudiate. 

Courtesy,  n.     See  Court. 

Syn.    Politeness.     Urbanity.      Civility 

Affability.    Gracioiisness. 

Akt.  Churlishness.  Rudeness.  Arro- 
gance.   Ungraciousness.    Incivility. 

Courtly,  adj.  See  Court. 
Having  the  manners  of  the 
court. 

Syx.  Dignified.  Polished.  Refined. 
Aristocratic.     High-bred.     Mannerly. 

Ant.  Undignified.  Rough.  Unpolished. 
Coarse.  Unrefined.  Plebeian.  Awkward. 
Boorish.    Rustic.    Unmaunerl.v. 

Courtship,  n.    See  Court. 

Covenant,  ?i.  Fr.  convenancc, 
from  conveniri',  to  come  together. 
It  is  used  of  formal  and  ratified 
agreements. 

Syn.  Agreement.  Bond.  Stipulation. 
Compact.    Contract. 

Ant.  Promise.  Intimation.  Assurance. 
Parole.    Understanding. 

Cover,  v.  tr.  Fr.  couvrir.  Lat. 
cooperii'e,  to  cover.  To  he  SO 
placed  over  a  thing  as  to  conceal 
it,  protect  it,  or  be  coexpansive 
with  it. 

Syn.  Hide.  Conceal.  Cloke.  Screen. 
Secrete.     Protect.    INIect.    Secure. 

Ant.  E.\pose.  Reveal.  Beiraj-.  Ex- 
hibit.   Produce.    Wis-sufBce. 

Covert,  adj.     Coopertas.     See 
Cover. 
Coverture,  v.    See  Cover. 

Syn.  Marriage.    Matrimony.    Wedlock. 
Ant.  Celibacj'.     A'irginity. 

Covet,  v.  tr.  Con  and  cvpidus, 
from  cii]H-re,  to  desire.  Covetous- 
ness  and  Concupiscence  are  the 
same  Avord,  with  difference  ol 
usage.  Eagerly  to  desu-e,  eSi)e- 
cially  the  possessions  of  others. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


SrK  Desire.  Long  for.  Yearn  f(ir. 
Hauke;  after. 

Ant,  Despise.  Dislike.  Mislike.  Un- 
dervalue. 

Covetous,  adj.    See  Covet. 

Syn.  Acquisitive.  Avaricious.  Greedy. 
Grasping.    Rapacious. 

Ant.  Unselfish.  Liberal.  Self-sacri- 
ficing.   Trofuse.    Bountiful.    Charitable. 

CovETOusNEss,  n.  See  Covet- 
ous. 

Cow,  V.  tr.  Der.  uncertaiQ; 
conu.  either  with  Cover  or 
Coward. 

Syn.  Frighten.      Abash.      Intimidate. 

Oppress.  Browbeat. 

Ant.  Countenance.  Eally.  Encourage. 
Inspirit. 

CowAED,  n.  Der.  nncertain. 
Low  Lat.  codardus.  Said  to  be 
from  anida,  a  tail.  One  who 
turns  tail. 

Syn.  Craven.  Dastard.  Recreant.  Pol- 
troon.   Renegade. 

Akt.  Champion.  Hero.  Daredevil. 
Desperado. 

Cower,  v.  int.  Germ.  Tcauern. 
To  stoop  fl'om  fear. 

Syn.  Shrink.    Stoop.    Crouch. 
Ant.    I'viiie.    SUind.    Dare.    Kace.    Con- 
front. 

Coxcomb,  n.  From  a  strip  of 
red  clotli  notched  like  a  cock's 
comb,  which  the  old  jcfjters  wore 
on  their  heads.  The  coxcomb  is 
a  man  of  folly,  forwardness,  and 
affectation. 

Syn.  Fop.  Dandy.  Puppy.  Prig. 
Pedant. 

Ant.  Genius.  Savant.  Authority. 
Celebrity.    Philosopher.    Sage. 

Coxcombical,  adj.  See  Cox- 
comb. 

Syn.  ^'ain.  Affected.  Conceited.  Dan- 
dified.   Pedantic.     Priggish. 

Ajst.  Unaffected,  llnconceited.  Sensible. 

CcY,  adj.  Lat.  quietus.  Quiet 
or  loving  retirement. 

Syn.  Shy.  Reserved.  Bashful.  Shrink- 
ing.   Retreating.    Modest. 

Ant.  Bold.  Forward.  Eompish.  Hoy- 
denish. 

Cozen,  v.  tr.    To  cheat.    Der. 


107 


uncertain.  Germ,  liehkosen,  to 
wheedle;  or  to  deceive  luider 
pretence  of  cousinshii)  or  con- 
sanguinity. 

Syn.  Circumvent.  Wheedle.  Coa.x.  Se- 
duce.   Deceive. 

Ant.  Enlighten.    Undeceive.    Disabuse. 

Crabbed,  adj.  From  crab, 
sour.  Of  Northern  origin,  akin 
to  the  Latin  acerbus. 

Syk.  Sour.  Morose.  Churlish.  Crusty. 
Cross-grained. 

Ant.  Pleasant.  Open.  Easy.  Genial. 
Conversible.     Warm.    Cordial.    Hearty. 

Crack,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Germ. 
krachen. 

Syn.  Split.  Break.  Splinter.  Chip. 
Snap. 

Ant.  Mend.  Repair.  Unite.  Piece. 
Splice. 

Creaky,  Cracked.  See  Crack. 
Used  metaphorically  of  the 
brain. 

Syn.  Crazy.  Flighty.  Queer.  Deranged. 
Touched.    Cranky.    Cliiuky. 

Ant.  Sound.  Sensible.  Clear-headed. 
Shrewd.    Strong-minded.    Sane. 

Craft,  n.  Saxon.  Originally 
meant  no  more  than  skill,  espe- 
cially in  handiwork ;  so  handi- 
craft. It  has  dropped  into  an 
imfavourable  meaning  —  natu- 
rally, for  man  tends  ever  to  the 
misuse  of  knowledge,  and  of  all 
his  gifts. 

Syn.  Art.  Artifice.  Cunning.  Guile. 
Stratagem.  Manoeuvre.  Wiliness.  Trickery. 
Duplicity.  Chicanery.  Intrigue.  Under- 
handedness.    Dodge. 

Ant.  Openness.  Fairness.  Candour. 
Honesty.  I'rankness.  Sincerity.  Artless- 
uess.    Ingeiiuousness.    Straightforwardness. 

Crafty,  adj.    See  Craft. 
Cram,  v.  tr.    Saxon. 

Syn.  Stuff.  Choke.  Squeeze.  Rain, 
Pack.    Gorge. 

Ant.  Disgorge.  Vent.  Discharge.  Un- 
load. Unpack.  Eviscerate.  Empty.  Elimi- 
nate. 

Cramp,  v.  tr.  Germ,  kramp/, 
Fr.  erampe.     A  clamp. 

Syn.  Bind.    Harrow.    Itestrict 
Clog.    Hamper.    Fetter.    Cripple. 


108 


SiiHonyms  and  Anionijms. 


As'T.  Vrfo.  UbniaU".  T.oose.  lielieve. 
Extricate.  Eiilarge.  W'iduii.  Kxpaiul.  Easu. 
Unfitter. 

Cranky,  ndj.  Germ,  l-rank. 
Said  of  sailing-vessels  lialile  to 
upset.  Metaphorically,  in  the 
sense  of  Creaky,  which  se('. 

Crapulence,  n.  Lat.  crapvli. 
The  sickness  which  follows  a 
debauch. 

Stn.  Surfeit.  Headache.  Dissipation. 
Debauchery.     Excess.     Muddiness. 

Ant.  Temperance.  Sobriety.  Clearness. 
Freshness. 

Crash,  n.  Gothic.  Comp. 
Crush.  The  sound  of  collision 
as  well  as  the  collision  itself. 
Sharp  and  short,  as  distinguished 
from  prolonged  sound,  however 
violent. 

SvN.  Jar.    Clang.    Clafh.     Kesonance. 
Axt.      Murnini.       Whisper.        Babljle. 
Rumbling,     llcverberation.     Din. 

Crassitude,  v.  Cr'isKint. 
Thickness  of  habit,  suggestive  of 
thickness  or  density  of  mind. 

SvN.  Density.  Thickness.  Corpulence. 
Obesiiy.  I<urlines.s.  Hrawniness.  Ani- 
malism. Pinguilude.  Luiupiohness.  Be- 
iottcdness. 

AsT.  Tenuity.  Spareness.  Sliphtness. 
Agility.  Activity.  Spirituality.  Jntcllec- 
tuality. 

Crave,  v.  fr.   Sax.   To  iutreat. 

SvN.  Intreat.  Implore.  Bog.  Beseech. 
Supplicate.    Cry. 

Axt.  Demand.    Insist.    Require.    Seize. 

Craven,  v.  Probably  one 
who  craves  or  cries  off  battle. 
JSee  Coward. 

Crazy,  ailj.  Fr.  ecrcufucr,  to 
crush  or  crctK/i.  Hence,  broken, 
impaired  in  mind ;  peculiarly 
applicable  to  those  crazed  by 
age,  misery,  or  disappointment. 

SvN.  Idiotic.  Ihukeii-down.  Lunatic. 
Demented.    Daft.    Insane.    Aberrant. 

Ant.  Sound,  llubust.  Vigorous.  Un- 
impaired. 

Cream,  ??.  Fr.  creme.  Lat. 
ti-emor,  thick  "'uice.    Uf^til,  meta- 


phorically, for  the  choice  part  of 
a  thing,  or  tho  upper  stratum  of 
a  society. 

SvN.  Harrow,     pith.     Cist.     Acme. 
Ant.     Refuse.      Offal.      Dregs.       Dross. 
Garbage. 

Crease,  v.  and  n.  Germ- 
krausen,  to  rn'Kjj.    <SVe  Corrugate. 

Create,  v.  tr.  C'reare,  to 
create, 

Svx.  iorm.  I'r-oduce.  Make.  Fashion. 
Originate.  Educe.  InvenL  Imagine 
Cause. 

Ant.  Annihilate.    Destroy.    DemoIi>h. 

Cre.\tor,  n.    See  Create. 

Creature,  n.  See  Create.  Ori- 
ginally anything  created.  Now 
restricted  to  living  beings. 

SvN.  B-iiis.     Animal.     Brute. 
Ant.  CliimLTa.    Ghost.    Bugbear. 

Credence,  h.  Credere,  to  bc- 
liere  or  hdrmt. 

SvN.  Belief.     Faith.    Confidence. 
Ant.  Disbelief.     Distrust.     Denial. 

Credential,  n.  See  Credence. 
A  document  empowering  one  to 
hold  an  office  of  trust,  or  any 
particular  office. 

Six.  Missive.  Diploma.  Title.  Testa- 
ment.    Sial.     Wawant.    Letter. 

Axt.  SeK-license.  Self-constitution, 
Self-appointment.     Autocracy. 

Credible,  ad/.  See  Credence. 
Worthy  of  credit.  Said  both  of 
persons  and  things. 

SvN.  Probable.     Likely.     Trustworthy. 
Ant.  improbable.    Incredible.    Unlikely 

Utitru?tsvonliy. 

Credit,  n.  See  Credence.  Is 
trust  or  confidence  shown  to  an- 
other, on  grounds  of  trustworthi- 
ness ;  hence  reputation. 

Six.  Belief.  Trustworthiness.  Reputa- 
tion.   Security.     Honour.     I'raise. 

Ant.  Disbelief.  Distrust.  Untrust- 
worthiness.    Shame.    Insecurity.     Censure. 

Disgrace'. 

Creditor,  >'.  See  above.  Ho 
who  has  advanced  money  or 
goods  oil  the  credit  of  another. 

SvN.  Claimant,     Lender.     Mortgagee. 
I       Ant.  Debtor.    Borrower.    Mortg:ijjor. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


109 


CiiEPULiTT,  ».  See  above.  A  j 
tt'Xidency  to  give  credence  too  | 
easily.  i 

Sv.\.  Gullibility.  Simrlicity.  Accopta-  I 
Uveiiess.    Opcn-mi>utlR-Jnoss.  I 

AST.  liicreduiity.  Scepticism.  Suspi-  | 
ciousness.    Sbrewdness.  I 

Ckeed,  n.  See  above.  A  sys-  ! 
tern  of  articles  of  belief  for  a  re-  | 
ligious  or  loolitical  party. 

Srx.  Beliel.  Ciitechism.  Articles.  Con- 
fession.   .Subscription. 

Ant.  Protest.  Abjuration.  Recantation. 
Iletractiition.    IMsbelief.    Nun-subscription. 

Crest,  v.    Lat.  crista. 

•SvN.  Top.  Summit.  Apex.  Head. 
Crown. 

AXT.  Base.     Foot.     Bottom.    Sole. 

Crestfallen,  ndj.    See  Crest. 

SvN.  Cast-down.    Humiliated.   Abashed. 
AxT.  Inspirited.    Elated.    Cunfident. 

Crew,  h.  From  an  old  word, 
erne,  from  Lat.  crescre,  to  grow, 
which  appears  in  the  word  Ac- 
crue. The  full  complement  of  a 
ship's  company.  Used  also  in  a 
depreciatory  way. 

SvN.  Complement.  Company.  Gang. 
Jlerd.    Sft.    Jliscellany.     Horde.    Swarm. 

-VXT.  Supercargo.  Bevy,  cialasy.  Con- 
stellation.   Picking.    Cream.    Elite. 

Crime,  n.  Lat.  crimen.  A 
charge  of  offence. 

Six.  Offence.  Misdeed.  Misdemeanour. 
Felony.    Enormity. 

AxT.  Good  deed.  Well-doing.  Duty. 
Obligation.    Exploit.    Achievement. 

Criminal,  adj.    See  Crime. 

SvN.  Illegal.  Felonious.  Vicious.  Ini- 
quitous. SinfiiL  Immoral.  Guilty.  Ne- 
farious.   Flagitious. 

AXT.  Lawful.  Virtuous.  Right.  Just. 
Innocent.  Moral.  Meritorious.  Creditable. 
Honourable.    Praiseworthy.     Laudable. 

Criminality,  n.   See  Criminal. 
Criminate,  '•.  fr.    See  above. 

."^yx.  Charge.     Jmpliciite.     Accuse. 
AXT.  Acquit.     Extricate.    Absolve. 

Crimp,  v.  fr.    Connected  with 
Crumple.     -SVe  Corrugate. 
Crimp,  adj. 

Srs.  Brittle.    Friable.    Crisp. 
AxT.  Tough.  Stubborn.  Viscous.  lasty. 
I<entou8. 


Ckimple,  v.  fr.     See  Cnimple. 

Cringe,  '•.  ueut.  Conn,  with 
Crank  and  Crinkle,  to  draw  to 
gethcr.  To  draw  one's  self  to- 
gether into  an  attitude  of  snb- 
missiveness.  Used  metaphori- 
cally. 

Svx.  Crouch.  Etnd.  Bow.  Fawn. 
Grabble.    <Trub. 

AxT.  Face.    Confront.    Defy.    Dare. 

Crinkle,  v.  tr.     See  Crimple. 

Cripple,  v.  and  v.  Originally 
a  cripple  was  a  creeple— onewho 
crawled  on  hands  and  knees,  not 
having  the  u.se  of  his  limbs. 
Hence,  metai^horically,  to  cripple 
is  to  weaken  or  deprive  of 
strength  or  amplitude. 

Srs.  Weaken.  Impair.   Curtail.    Cramp. 

Ant.  Strengthen.    Renovate.   Augment. 

Liberate.    Free.    Ease.    Enlarge.  Expedite. 

Crisis,  n.  Gr.  Kpla-is,  from 
Kpivas,  I  determine.  The  point  at 
which  a  course  of  affairs  seems 
to  halt,  before  decision  one  way 
or  the  other.     See  Conjuncture. 

Crisp.  Lat.  crispus.  Formed 
into  curls  or  ringlets.  Said  of 
friable  and  corrugated  sub- 
stances.    -See  Crimp,  adj. 

Criterion,  rt.  See  CrLsis, 
That,  the  use  of  which  enables 
one  to  form  a  judgment. 

Syn.  Test.    Touchstone.     Proof. 
Ant.    Eye.     Glance.     Intention.     Con- 
jecture.   Scan. 

Critic,  v.  See  Crisis.  A 
judge,  or  presumed  to  be  so,  hi 
a  department  of  literature  or  art. 

Srx.  Judge.    Censor.    Arbiter.    Savant. 
Ant.     Author.      Writer.        Performer. 
Artist. 

Critical,  ndj.  See  Crisis. 
Has  the  sense  of  exercising  the 
functions  of  a  critic;  and  also 
betokening  a  crisis. 

Sty.  Nice.  Exact.  Fastidious.  Dnbioui 
Precarious.  Ticklish.  Crucial.  Import;-.!it 
Hazardous. 


110 


Sfjiioni/ms  and  Antomjms. 


AlTT.  Inexact.  Topular.  Loose.  Easy. 
rndiEcriminating.  Safe.  iJetermined.  De- 
cided.   Settled.    Ketrieved.    Kedressed. 

Criticise,  v.  tr.  See  above. 
To  examine  as  a  critic. 

Stk.  Examine.  Scan.  Perpend.  Analyze. 
Discuss.    Anatomize. 

Asr.  Slur.    Survey.    Overlook.    Skim. 

Ckiticism,  n.    See  Criticise. 

Choak,  v.  int.  A  -u-orcl  formed 
in  imitation  of  the  note  of  a 
raven.  Used  metaphorically  for 
complaining. 

Srx.  Complain.    Murmur.    Grumble. 
AxT.    Crow.     Whistle.      Sing.      Chirp. 
Chuckle.    Cackle.    Kejoice. 

Crone,  n.  Sax.  for  an  old 
ewe.  Used  metaphorically  and 
disrespectfully. 

Stx.  Hag.    Witch.    BeMarae. 

AST.  Lass.    Damsel.    Maiden.    Belle. 

Crony,  n.  The  same  word  as 
the  foi-mer;  but,  in  usage,  the 
elements  of  sex  (though  Crone 
was  sometimes  masculine)  and 
age  have  been  forgotten,  and 
that  of  intimacy  alone  remem- 
bered. 

Syx.  Ally.    Cbura.     :Mate. 
Ant.  Foe.    Rival.    Back-friend. 

Crooked,  adj.  Crook,  croche. 
Conn.  Crochet,  Crocket.  Used 
metaphorically  of  plans  or  policy. 

Stn.  Bent.  Incurved.  Angular.  An- 
fractuous.    Tortuous.    Underhanded. 

Ant.  Straight.  Linear.  Direct.  Honest. 
Straightforward. 

Crop,  v.  tr.  Sax.  Crop  was 
the  neck  or  upper  part  of  any- 
thing, as  the  crop  or  craw,  the 
throat  or  first  stomach  of  a  fowl. 
Hence,  to  crop  was  to  cut  off  the 
head,  or  to  cut  short. 

Si-s.  .'Mow.  Reap.  Reduce.  Shave. 
Shorten.    Curtail. 

.\XT.  rJlongate.  Grow.  Foster.  Raise. 
Trail.     Train. 

Chop,  n.     See  verb. 
Stn.  Heaping.    Harvest.     In-gathering. 
Ant.     Pro(iuce.       Yield.       Abundance. 
Grow  111.    Fruit 


Cross,  adj.  From  cross,  crux^ 
crncis.  Exhibiting  a  feeling  of 
being  thwarted,  or  f;mcy  of  it. 

Stx.  lU-tempereii.  Fretful.  Ill-hu- 
moured. Cijsty.  Peevish.  Petiish.  Frac- 
tious. 

Ant.  Amiable.  Good-tempered.  Good- 
humoured.    Blithesome.    Genial. 

Cross-grained,  adj.  As  if 
the  disposition  found  adversity 
and  opposition  in  every  circum- 
stance and  person. 

Stx.  Perverse.  Wayward.  Peevish. 
Zklc-rose.    Cantankerous.    lU-cocditioned. 

Akt.  Genial.  Pleasant  Agreeabla 
Jolly.    Obliging.    Accommodating. 

Crouch,  v.  int.  See  Crooked. 
To  bend  or  couch  from  ser^iUty 
or  fear.     See  Cringe  and  Cower. 

Cbow,  v.  To  make  a  noise  like 
a  cock.     Used  metaphorically. 

Stx.  Exult.  Rejoice.  Cackle.  Chucklek 
Boast. 

AxT.  ^Vhine.  Howl.  Grumble.  Croak. 
Cry.    Whfmper. 

Crowd,  n.    Saxon. 

Stx.  Throng.  Mob.  Swarm.  Pack. 
Herd. 

Akt.  Cream.  Elite.  Bevy.  Galaxy. 
Constellation.    Cabinet 

Crown,  v.  Corona.  Used 
literally  and  metaphorically. 

Six.  Top.  Crest.  Summit.  Head. 
Brow.    Ape.x. 

AxT.  Basement.  Base.  Bottom.  Floor. 
Pavement.  Pedestal.  Foundation.  Foot. 
Sole. 

Crown,  v.     See  7wun. 
Stx.    Complete.      Consummate.      Seal. 
Conclude. 

A  XT.  JIar.    SpoiL    Frustrate. 

Crucial,  ail/.  Cmx,  crucis. 
Searching,  as  if  bringing  to  the 
test  of  the  Cross. 

Stu.  Searching.  lYobiiig.  Severe.  Dis- 
criminating.   Sharp.    Critical.    Piercing. 

^Vkt.  SuperHcinl.  Indifferent.  Mild. 
Uncritical.    Lenient    Lax. 

Crude,  adf.  Lat.  cmdnft,  U7i- 
ripc.  Said  of  id(!as  and  style  of 
composition. 


Synomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Sra,  Raw.  UndiRested.  Unconsidered. 
Half-studied.  Hnrth.  Unshared.  Un- 
cliastciied.  Unfinished.  Unrefined.  111- 
prcparcii. 

AxT.  Well-prepared.  AVell-digested. 
^V■c■ll■considered.        Well-studied.  Ripe. 

AVell-adapted.  AVell-proportioned.  AVell- 
expressed.  Classical.  Finished.  Refined. 
Anistic.    Elaborate.    Highly- wrought. 

Cruel,  adj.  Lat.  cnchlis. 
It  A\"('Vo  well  to  abanilon  an  un- 
reflecting nse  of  this  word,  as 
simply  eqnivalent  to  severe,  as, 
'a  cruel  clisai^pointment,'  and 
adhere  to  the  notion  of  violation 
of  principles  of  mercy  and  hu- 
manity. 

Stn.  Savage.  Barbarous.  Inhuman. 
Maleficent.    Malignant. 

AxT.  Humane.  Forbearing.  Generous, 
r^lerciful.  Forgiving.  Benevolent.  Bene- 
ficent. 

Crumble,  v.  act.  and  neuf.  To 
bruise  or  fall  into  crumbs  or 
particles.  Sax.  crumb,  written 
also  Crum. 

Syx.  Disintegrate.  Pulverize.  Triturate. 
,  A:;t.  Consolidate.  Couglutinate.  Bond. 
Amalgamate. 

Crumple,  v.  tr.  See  Crumple, 
Crinkle,  and  Corrugate. 

Crush,  v.  tr.  In  etymology 
connected  with  Crash  and  Craze. 

SrN.  Pulverize.  Triturate.  I'o\md. 
Bray.    Crumble.    Overpower.     Demolish. 

Ant.  Consolidate.  Compact.  Cike. 
Solidify.  Compress.  Amalgamate.  Up- 
raise.   Stabilitate.    Aggrandize. 

Crusty,  adj.  Lat.  crmfa,  a 
crumb  or  paste.  Having  a  some- 
what rough  and  impracticable 
exterior,  without  badness  at 
heart.     See  Cross. 

Cudgel,  v.  tr.  Comp.  Scotch 
end,  a  short  thick  stick.  To  beat. 
Used  metaphorically. 

.■-TN-.   Pound.    Bruise.     Buffet.     Batter. 
Akt.  Stroke.    Pat.    Clap.    Tickle. 

Cue,  n.  Fr.  qtieue,  a  tail.  The 
knot  of  a  periwig.  Used  of  old 
for  the  last  word  of  an  actor "s 


111 


speech,  which  was  the  signal  for 
the  next  speaker;  hence,  to  take 
the  cue  from  a  person. 

Stn.  Sign.  Hint.  Wink.  Catcli-word. 
Signal.  Prompting.  Suggestion.  Insinua- 
tion.    Implication. 

Ant.  Response.  Recognition.  Kepeti. 
tion.    Part.    Echo. 

Cuff,  v.  tr.  Of  Northern 
origin.  To  strike  with  the  palm 
of  the  hand,  as  distinguished 
from  the  use  of  any  implement 
beside  the  hand. 

Stn.  Slap.  Box.  Smack.  Punch. 
Pommel.    Hustle.    Buffet. 

Ant.  Cudgel.  Flagellate.  Thrash.  Cane. 
Strap.    Lash.    Whip. 

Cull,    v.    tr.       CoUigere.      To 

collect.       Comp.   Fr.   cniller,   a 

SJWOJ). 

Stn.  Bunch.    Gather.    Pick.    Collect. 

Ant.  Scatter.  Drop.  Throw.  Dissemi- 
nate. 

Culmination,  t?.  The  grow- 
ing to  a  head.  C'ldmen,  in.  is,  a 
top.  The  reaching  of  the  final 
point  of  perfection. 

Stn.  Consummation.  Zenith.  Acme. 
Meridian.    Apex.    Success.    Completion. 

Ant.  Fall.  Descent.  Decline.  Failure. 
Downfall.    Degradation.    Defeat.  Abortion. 

Culpability,  n.  See  Cul- 
pable. 

Culpable,  ad/.  Culpa,  a 
fault. 

Stn.  Blameablc.    Blameworthy.  Guilty. 
Ant.  Blameless.    Innocent.    Excusable. 
Laudable.    Praiseworthy. 

Culprit,  ??.    See  Culpable. 

Criminal.     Delinquent 


Stn.  Offender. 
Malefactor. 

Ant.  Example. 
Saint. 


Pattern.    Model.  Hero 


Cultivate,  v.  tr.  Colere,  odtus, 
to  cultivate.  Applied  physically, 
and  also  metaphorically,  to  the 
fostering  of  the  growth  of  quali- 
ties. 

Stn.  Promote.  Foster.  Study.  Im- 
prove.   Fertilize.    Nourish.    Cherish. 

Ant.  Neglect.  Desert.  Abandon.  Stifle 
Prevent.  Discourage.  Alioli.sh.  Bliglit 
Blast.  Paralyze.  Eradicate.  Extinwta 
Uproot. 


112 


fnoi^yms  and  Antonyms. 


Cpmber,  v.tr.  Lat.  cinniiliif>.\ 
To  oppress,  as  with  the  weight 
of  a  heavy  heap. 

SvN.  Clog.  ii;'V'''-ft.  Oppress.  Load. 
Incommode.    Obsuart. 

Ant.  Liberate.  tlKpedite.  Alleviate. 
K.\tricate.  Lighten.  Itclieve.  Support. 
Free.    Kid. 

Cunning,  n.  Sax.  Originally 
meaning  no  more  than  know- 
ledge. Comp.  Ken.  For  its 
usage  see  Craft. 

Cupidity,  v.  Cupldus,  from 
cupere,  to  desire 

Syk.  Avarice.  Acquisitiveness.  Stingi- 
ness. 

ANT.  Prodigality.  Extravagance.  Libe- 
rality. 

Curb,  v.  tr.  C'urvm.  Incurved. 
Said  of  reining  horses.  Comp. 
Curvet. 

Stn.  Restrain.  Cuhibit.  Hold.  Check. 
Moderate. 

Ant.  Indulge.  Liberate.  Relea.'se. 
Kmancipate.  Loose.  Urge.  Free.  Incite. 
Instigate.    Imi>ol. 

Curd. 


Curdle,  e.  f>\  and  int. 
Gaelic. 

Syn   Coagnlatf.    Condense.    Thicken. 
AST.  Colliquify.    Diffuse.    Circulate. 

Cure,  ii.  Cnra,  care.  The 
successful  issue  of  careful  treat- 
ment, ^vith  some  degree  of  suc- 
cess, or  with  complete  success. 

Syn.  Remedy.  Alleviation.  Ameliora- 
tion. Reinstatement.  Restoration.  Reno- 
vation.   Convalescence. 

Ant.  Aggravation.  Confirmation.  Com- 
plaint. Disease.  Ailment.  Inoculation. 
Contagion.    Corruption. 

Cure,  v.    See  noun. 

Curiosity,  n.  Curiosim.  See 
Cure.  Having  a  care,  often  an 
undue  care,  to  make  inquiries. 
Also  used  for  a  thing  of  a  curi- 
ous or  rare  kind. 

Stn.  Inquisitiveness.  Interest.  Inter- 
rogativeness.  Rarity.  Phenomenon.  Cele- 
brity.   Oddity.    Lion. 

Ant.  Indifference.  Heedlessness.  Dis- 
regard. Abstraction.  Absenci>.  Weed. 
Drug.    Oiit    Cipher.     Biigatelle.    Song. 


Curious,  adj.     See  Curiosity. 

Used  in  the  sense  of  possessing 

curiosity,    and     also  rare,     or 
worthy  of  curiosity. 

Stn." Inquiring.  Inquisitive.  Searching. 
Interrogative.  Prying.  Peeping.  Peering. 
Rare.     Odd.    Recondite. 

AXT.  Indifferent.  Uninquiring.  In- 
curious. Uninterested.  Trite.  Common 
Superficial. 

Curmudgeon,  ik  Camr,  m<r- 
chant,  or  corn-mu(l(]in.  Ill-con- 
ditioned-fellow.    Churl. 

Syx.  Miscreant.     Wretch.    Rascal. 
AST.  Trump.    Good  fellow.    Brick. 

Currency,  v.  See  Current. 
Used  technically  for  money, 
and  generally  for  the  prevalence 
of  a  matter  of  estimation  or 
credence. 

Syx.  Circulation.  Vogue.  Publicity. 
Prevalence. 

Ant.  Suppression.  Repression.  Recall. 
Stagnation.  Rejection.  Disbelief.  With- 
drawal. 

Current,  adj.  Currere,  to  run. 
See  Currency. 

Stn.  Running.  Prevalent.  Ordinary 
Present.  Popular.  General.  Floating 
Exoteric.    Vulgar. 

Ant.  Rejected.  Obsolete.  E.\ploded. 
Confined.    Private.    Secret.    Esoteric. 

Curse,  n.  Conn,  with  Cross. 
That  which,  being  evil,  comes 
under  the  ban  of  the  Cross.  U.sed 
for  malediction,  literally  and  me- 
taphorically, for  that  w^hich  is 
bad  enough  to  have  been  the 
result  of  curse. 

Sy-k.  Malediction.  K.xtrlcation.  Ana- 
thema.   Bane.    Blight. 

Ant.  Blessing.  Benediction.  Joy. 
Crown.    Glory. 

Curse,  v.  tr.  See  noun. 
Syx.  Execrate.  Anathematize. 
Ant.  Bless.    Felicitate.    Welcoma 

Cursory,  adj.  Currere,  cursuf, 
to  run.  Eunning  or  skimming 
over  the  surface,  rather  than 
stopping  to  investigate.  Used 
also  of  works  or  procecdingB  in 


tSynonyms  and  Antonyms. 


113 


■«rhich    this    quality    has     lieen 
shown. 

Stk.  Summary.    Rapid.    Superficial. 
Ant.    Searching.      ^Minute.      Elaborate. 
Profound. 

Curtail,  v.  tv.  Fr.  court,  short, 
and  tuilliir,  to  cut.  To  shorten, 
by  lopping  one  or  other  of  the 
extremities.     See  Abbreviate. 

CuBVE,  V.  tr.  Curvus.  In- 
curved. 

Stn.  Incurve.  Bend.  Inflex.  Faleate. 
Arcuate. 

Ant.  Straighten.    Unbend.    Kectilineate. 

CuRVB,  n.     See  verb. 
Syn.  Incurvation.    Fle.xion.    Deflexion. 
Ant.     Rigidity.     Inelasticity.     Inflexi- 
bility.   Rectilinearity. 

Custody,  n.    Lat.  cmtodi<(. 

Stn.  Keeping.  Guardianship.  Conser- 
vation.   Care.'- 

Ant.  Neglect.  Betrayal.  Exposure. 
Abandonment.  Desertion.  Jeopardy.  Libe- 
ration.   Discharge. 

Custom,  n.  Lat.  consuetude. 
"Way  of  living. 

Sin.  Manner.  Habit.  Use.  Prescrip- 
tion. 

Axt.  Law.  Regulation.  Dictate.  Com- 
mand. Rule.  Disuse.  Non-observance. 
Desuetude. 

Cut,  v.  tr.  Old  Eng.  l-if.  To 
divide  with  a  sharp  instrument. 
Used  also  of  cutting,  that  is, 
avoiding,  an  acquaintance. 

Sin.  Sever.  Slice.  Sunder.  Avoid. 
Elude. 

Ant.  Unite.  Splice.  Accost.  Apprcich. 
Court.    Address.    Salute. 

Cutting,  or//.  See  Cut.  Used 
also  metaphorically. 

Syn'.  Sharp.  Biting.  Mordant.  Trenchant. 
Piercing.  Bitfr.  Sarca.stic.  Provoking. 
Stinging.  Saidonic.  Exasperating.  Dis- 
appointing.   Cruel. 

Ant.  Mild.  Conciliatory.  Conipli- 
raejitary.  Soothing.  Klattering.  Indulgent. 
Consoling.    Gratifying. 

Ctnjcal.  From  the  sect  of 
Cynical  philosophers,  who  de- 
rided human  follies  and  vices. 

Stn.  Sarcastic.  Snarling.  Sneering. 
Cross-graiiii'd. 

Ant.    Uenial.      Lenient.     Complaisant. 


D. 


Dabble.  Dab.  Conn,  with 
Daub. 

Stn.  Meddle.    Mix.    Trifle.    .Skim. 
Ant.    Study.      Elaborate.      luvestigatek 
Delve.    Dig.    Fathom.    Gauge. 

Daft.    Norwegian. 

Stn.  Silly.  Innocent.  Idiotic.  Lunatic. 
Light-headed.    Cracked. 

Ant.  Sane.  Sound.  Sensible.  Practical. 
Rational.    Shrewd.    Deft. 

Daintt.  Old  Fr.  dain.  Pro- 
bably from  diynus,  luorthy,  choice. 
Used  also  of  the  quality  which 
seeks  for  such  things.  Fasti- 
dious. 

Stn.  Choice.  Rare.  Refined.  Tasty. 
Exquisite.  Luxurious.  Epicurean.  Fas- 
tidious. 

Ant.  Common.  Coarse.  Unrelishing. 
Nasty.  Dirty.  Omnivorous.  Greedy. 
Gluttonous. 

Dally,  v.  in-.     Germ,  dahlen. 

Syx.  Trifle.  Play.  Wanton.  Sport. 
FoDdle.    Delay.    Dawdle. 

Ant.  Toil.  Labour.  Work.  Study 
Fag.    Stir.    Bustle.    Hasten. 

Damage,  n.  Fr.  domnge,  Lat. 
damnum.  Any  injury  to  i^erson^ 
property,  or  reputation. 

Stn.  Injury.  Hurt.  Loss.  Detriment). 
Impairment'. 

Ant.  Compensation.  Recovery.  Rein- 
statement. Advantage.  Benefit.  Repara- 
tion.   Blessing. 

Damp,  v.  Germ,  damp/,  steam. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Cool.  Blunt.  Discourage.  Dis- 
countenance.   Repre.-is. 

Ant.     Urge.     Inflame.     Incite.       Fan 

Excite. 

Danger,  n.  Fr.  davc/er.  Pro- 
bably from  cZ((mw»m.  The  near 
probability  of  personal  detri- 
ment. 

Stn.  Peril.    Hazard.    Risk.    Jeopardy. 
Ant.      Security.      Custody.       Defence. 
Safety.    Pn'munition.     Precaution. 

Dapper,  adj.  Germ,  tap/cr, 
v(diaut.  The  word  has  deterio- 
rated in  meaning,  like  some 
others.  For  instance,  one  sense 
of  the  word  brave  is  vaUant; 


114 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


another  into  wliich  at  one  time 
it  settled  largely  was,  showy. 

Stn.  Spruce.    Neat.    Natty.    Smart. 
Akt.    Slovenly.     Awkward.     Unwieldy. 
Untidy. 

Daee,  V.  tr.  and  int.  Sax. 
Allied  to  Gr.  dappelv,  to  be  strong. 

Sry.  Venture.  Face.  Brave.  Hazard, 
nisk.    Defy. 

Ant.  Shrink.    Shun.    Dread.    Cower. 

Daeing.     See  Dare. 

Syn.  Adventurous.    Dashing.     Bold. 
Ant.  Cautious.    Timid.    Inadventurous. 

Daek,  adj.  Saxon.  Applies 
to  physical  substances  or  condi- 
tions, matters  of  statement,  hu- 
man character,  and  human  con- 
dition. 

Srx.  Black.  Dusky.  Sable.  Swarthy. 
Opaque.  Obscure.  Knigmatical.  Recondite. 
Abstruse.  Unintelligible.  Blind.  Ignorant. 
Besotted.  Benighted.  Dim.  Shadowy. 
Sombre.    Joyless.    Mournful.    Sorrowful. 

Ant.  White.  Fair.  Light.  Radiant. 
Bright.  Lucid.  Crystalline.  'J'ransparent. 
BriUiant.  Plain.  Intelligible.  Euliglitened. 
Glaring.  Dazzling.  Illumined.  Festive. 
Luminous. 

Darling,  n.  Dearling.  Little 
dear  one. 

SvN.  Pet.  Love.  Sweet.  Pretty.  Dear. 
Favourite.    Delight. 

AxT.  Antipathy.   Abomination.    Horror. 

Dart,  v.  tr.  Low  Lat.  dardns. 
In  Swed.  dart  means  dagger.  To 
Aurl  or  shoot  forward  with  vio- 
lence or  velocity. 

Srx.  Hurl.  Propel.  Throw.  Fling. 
Project. 

AST.  Fix.    Place.    Insert    Hand.    Pre* 

eent. 

Dash,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Northern 
word.  To  strike  into  pieces.  To 
throw  off.  It  differs  from  Dart, 
not  only  in  implying  injury  to 
the  component  parts  of  the  tiling 
dashed,  but  also  in  an  implied 
tendency  more  or  less  down- 
wards, as  if  the  object  were  that 
gravitation  and  concussion  should 
aid  the  process.  So  we  naturally 
dash   downwards  and  horizon- 


tally, but  never  upwards.  It  is 
used  in  common  parlance  for 
rapid  movement. 

Stn.  Hurl.  Cast.  Throw.  Subvert 
Detrude.  Drive.  Rush.  Send.  Fly.  Speed. 
Course. 

Ant.  Raise.  Reinstate.  Erect.  Creep. 
Crawl.    Lag.    Hobble. 

Dashing,  adj.    See  Dash. 

Syn.  Adventurous.    Showy.     Brave. 
Ant.  Shrinking.    Dowdy.    Timid. 

Dastard,  v.  Sax.  dmtrigan, 
to  frighten.     See  Coward. 

Data,  n.  pL  Dare,  to  give; 
datum,  a  tiling  given.  Certain 
granted  points,  the  ground  of 
after-reasoning. 

Srx.  Facts.  Grounds.  Basis.  Axioms. 
Postulates. 

Ant.  Conjecture.  Assumption.  Problem. 
Proposition,    inference.    De4uctiou. 

Daub.    See  Bedaub. 

Daunt,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  damter, 
Lat.  doniitare,  to  tame.  Subdue 
with  fear. 

SvN.  Terriiy.  Scare.  Intmiidate.  Con- 
front. 

Ant.  Countenance.  Encourage.  l^Uy. 
Inspirit. 

Dauntless,  adj.    See  Daunt. 

Syn.  Valiant.  Gallant.  Fearless.  In- 
trepid. 

Ant.  Cautious.    Cowardly.    Timid. 

Dawdle,  v.  int.  Allied  to 
Daddle  and  Dandle. 

Syn.  Liig.    Dally.    Idle. 
Ant.    Haste.      Speed.      Dash.       Rush. 
Work.    Fag. 

Dawn,  v.  int.  Germ,  tag,  Eng. 
day,  Lat.  dies.  To  become  day. 
To  grow  light.  Used  metaphori- 
cally of  an  accession  of  under- 
standing or  perception. 

SvN.  Gleam.  Begin.  Rise.  Open, 
Break. 

Ant.  ^Vane.  Set.  Sink.  Close.  l">e- 
pari. 

Dazzle,  v.  tr.  Conn.  Scotcli 
daze.  To  bewilder  with  excess 
of  light. 

SvN.  Daze.    Bewilder.    C.inftue. 
Akt.  Enlighten.    Illumine. 


Si/nonj/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Dead.  A  form  of  the  part. 
died.  Used  not  only  of  animals 
or  i^lants  defunct,  but  also  meta- 
phorically of  anything  that  may 
be  supposed  to  have  the  attribute 
of  hfelessness. 

Sys.  Defunct.  Deceased.  Departed. 
Gone.  Inanimate.  Lifeless.  Insensible. 
Heavy.  Unconscious.  Dull.  Spiritless. 
Cheerless.    Deserted. 

Ant.  Vital.  Living.  Animate.  Viva- 
cious. Susceptible.  Alive.  Joyous.  Stirring. 
Thronged.    Bustling. 

Deaden,  v.  tr.     See  Dead. 

SrN.  Benumb.  Paralyze.  Blunt.  Damp. 
Subdue. 

Ant.  Sharpen.    Quicken.    Enliven. 

Deadly,  arJJ.  See  Dead.  Said 
of  qualities  as  well  as  substances. 

Si-N.  Mortal.  Fatal.  Jlalignant.  Baleful. 
Pernicious.     A'oxious.     Venomous. 

Ant.  Vital.  Life-giving.  Healthfui 
MTiolesome.    Nutritious. 

Deadness,  n.    See  Dead. 

Stn.  Torpor.  Flatness.  Inertness. 
Heaviness. 

Ant.  Quickness.  Vitality.  Life.  Viva- 
city. 

Deaf,  odj.  Sax.  Physically 
wanting  the  sense  of  hearing,  or 
having  it  impaired.  Metajihori- 
cally,  averse,  that  is,  not  inclined, 
to  liear.  Sometimes,  also,  ai> 
plied  to  express  a  certain  cha- 
racter of  sound. 

Sin.  Surd.  Hard  of  (hearing).  Dis- 
inclined. Averse.  Inexorable.  Insensible. 
Rumbling.     Inaudible.     Heedless.     Dead. 

Ant.  Acute.  Listening.  Disposed.  In- 
terested. Attentive.  Wiliing.  Susceptible. 
Sensible.    Alive. 

Deal,  v.  tr.  and  ixt.     Sax. 

Syn.  BaiRain.  Chaffer.  Trade.  Dis- 
pense. Market.  Communicate.  Negotiate. 
Traffic. 

Ant.  Hold.    Close.    Stop.    Fail. 

Dealing.     See  Deal. 

Stn.  Intercourse.  CommunkatioT). 
Trade.     Traffic.     Negotiation. 

Ant.  Lack.  Failure.  Closing.  Bank- 
rxvptcy.  Stagnation.  WithdrawaL  Non- 
communication. 

Dear.    Saxon. 

Syn.  Costly.  Expensive.  Beloved.  Pre- 
cious. 


115 


Ant.  Cheap.  Inexpensive.  Mlslikcd, 
Vile. 

Dearth,  v.  Same  origin  as 
Dear.     See  Abundance. 

Death,  ■».  Sax.  From  Die. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Departure.  Demise.  Decease.  Dis- 
solution. Mortality.  Fall.  Failure.  Ter- 
mination.    Cessation.     Expiration. 

Ant.  Birth.  Rise.  Life.  Growth. 
Vigour.  Animation.  Spirit.  Activity. 
Operation.  Action.  Commencement.  Vi- 
tality.   Auspices.    Inauguration. 

Deathless,  adj.    See  Death. 

Stn.  Undying.  Immortal.  Unfading. 
Everlasting. 

Ant.  Mortal.  Ephemeral.  Fragile. 
Fugitive.  Momentary.  Transient.  Fleet- 
ing. 

Debar,  v.  tr.  Welsh  bar,  a 
stake  or  branch  of  a  tree. 

Stn.  Exclude.  Stop.  Thwart.  Obstruct. 
Hinder.  Prevent.  Deprive.  Disqualify. 
Deny.    Prohibit. 

Ant.  Inclose.  Embrace.  Admit.  Per- 
mit. Aid.  Allow.  Indulge.  Qualify. 
Entitle. 

Debase,  v.  tr.  See  Abase.  To 
lower  the  intrinsic  goodness  or 
value  of  a  thing  or  person. 

Stn.  Degrade.  Lower.  Depress.  De- 
prave.   Deteriorate.    Corrupt.    Alloy. 

Ant.  Praise.  Enhance.  E.xalt.  Honour. 
Promote.    Ameliorate.    Purity.    Improve. 

Debased,  adj.  See  Debase. 
!  Debate,  v.  Fr.  batfre.  Conn, 
!  Beat  and  Abate.  To  combat ; 
but  by  usage  restricted  to  de- 
liberation, and  iTsed  transitively, 
as,  to  debate  a  point ;  or  intran- 
sitively. 

Stn.  Contend.  Dispute.  Argue.  Dis- 
cuss.   Deliberate.    Question.    Ventilate. 

Ant.  Yield.  Concede.  Surrender.  Ad- 
mit   Allow. 

Debateable,  adj.  See  Debate. 

Stn.  Dubious.  Doubtful.  Inestimable, 
Uncer'uiin.  Problematical.  Floating.  tTn* 
settled. 

Ant.  Certain.  Sure.  Unquestionable. 
Indisputable.    Self-evident.    Incontestible. 

Debauch,     Debauchery,    n. 
Old  Fr.  buuche,  a  luorkshop.     To 
debauch    was,  therefore,   origi- 
I  2 


116 


S'jnonijms  and  Antonyms. 


Eally  to  seduce  from  work  into 
idleness.  An  idlo,  dissolute  en- 
joyment. 

Stn.  Kiot,  Revel.  Excess.  Orgies. 
Gluttony. 

Ant.  Meal.  Moderation.  Frucrality. 
Asceticism.  Abstinence,  Fast.  Macera- 
tion. 

DbbauCH,  V.  tr.  See  noun.  To 
lead  another  into  debauchery. 

Stn.  Seduce.     Corrupt. 
Ant.    Turify.     Enlighten.     Ameliorate. 
Elevate. 

Debility,  n.  Lat.  dtbilis, 
weak. 

Stn.  AVeakness.  Feebleness.  Enerva- 
tion.   Lassitude.    Languor. 

Ant.  Strength.  Vigour.  Robustness. 
Energy.    Tone.     Ner^-e.    Musularity. 

Debt,  n.  Dehere,  to  oive ;  de- 
hitnm,  a  thine/  oived. 

Syn.  Debit.  Liability.  Default.  Obli- 
gation. 

Ant.  Liquidation.  Assets.  Credit. 
Trust.  Grace.  Favour.  Obligation.  Ac- 
commodation.   Gift.    Gratuity. 

DsBTOR,  n.  See  Creditor  and 
Debt. 

Decadence,  n.    See  Decay. 

Decamp,  v.  int.  Camp.  From 
campus,  a  field.  To  break  up  a 
camp.  Hence  said  also  of  indi- 
viduals. To  make  a  hasty  re- 
treat, especially  for  the  prnpose 
of  getting  out  of  sight. 

Stn.  Start.    Fly.    Bott.    Abscond. 
Ant.  Appear.    Answer.    Shuw. 

Decay,  v.  int.  De  and  cadere, 
to/all. 

Stn.  Decline.  AVane.  Sink.  Dwindle. 
Waste.    Ebb.    Decrease. 

Ant.  Rise.  Grow.  Increase.  Flourish. 
Luxuriate.    Vegetate.    Expand.    Enlarge. 

Decay,  n.     See  vei-l. 

Stn.  Declension.  AVaning.  Sinking. 
Wasting.    Decrease.    Corruption.  | 

Ant.  Rise.  Growth.  Birth.  Increase. 
Fertility.  ExuberaLce.  Luxuriance.  Pros- 
per! tj-.  ! 

Decayed,  adj.  Sec  Decay. 
Fallen  as  to  physical  or  social  I 
conditio*  ! 


Stn.  Rotten.  Correpi.  Unsound.  De- 
composed. Declined.  I'aded.  Suna.  Un- 
prosperous.     Impoverished. 

Ant.  Sound.  AYhoIesome.  Healthful. 
Fresh.    Prosperous.   Flourishing.   Wealthy. 

Decease,  n .  Lat.  d'cessus,  de- 
cedere,  to  dejmrt.     See  Death. 

Deceit,  n.  Lat.  decipere,  de' 
ceptus.  Used  of  the  character, 
the  process,  and  the  result  of 
deceit. 

SvN.  Cheat.  Imposition.  Trick.  De- 
lusion. Circumvention.  Guile.  Beguile- 
ment.    Treacherj*.    Sham.    Insidiousness. 

Ant.  Enlightenment.  Instruction.  Guid- 
ance. Reality.  Verity.  Fair  dealing. 
Honesty.    Openness. 

Deceive,  v.  tr.    See  Deceit. 

Stn.  Trick.  Cheat.  Beguile.  Delude. 
Mislead.  Betray.  Ensnare.  Entrap.  Cir- 
cumvent. 

Ant.  Enlighten.  Advise.  Illumine, 
Guide.    Disabuse.    Undeceive.    Deliver. 

Deceiver,  n.    See  Deceive. 

Decent,  adf.  Decere,  to  be- 
come.    See  Becoming. 

Deception,  n.    See  Deceit. 

Decide,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Deci' 
dere.  Ccedere,  to  cut.  To  cut  oS. 
Separate  the  issue  of  a  case. 

SvN.  Determine.  Settle.  Adjudicate. 
Terniiiiale.    Resolva 

Ant.  Waver.  Raise.  Moot.  Drop. 
Doul)t.  Waive.  Suspend.  Misjudge.  Mis- 
detennine. 

Decided,  adj.     See  Decide. 

Stn.  Determined.  Ruled.  Resolute. 
Firm.     Unwavering. 

Ant.  Undecided.  UnsetUed.  Irresolute, 
Vacillaiing. 

Deciduous.  Decidere,  to  fall. 
Properly  said  of  trees  which  shed 
their  leaves  simultaneously  and 
renew  them  immediately;  but 
by  usage  sometimes  meaning 
Ephemeral,  wliich  see. 

Decipher,  v.  tr.  See  Cipher, 
Said  of  letters  or  sjinbols  of  any 
kind. 

Syn.  Read.    Spell.    Interpret     Solve. 
Ant.    Cipher.      ."^ymbolixe.     impuiilb 
Mystify.    Enigmatize. 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyms. 


117 


I      Syn.    Concoction.      Dish.       Compound. 


Decision,  ??.    Sec  Decide. 

SvN.    Iicterni illation.     Conclusion.      Re-  i  ^^■^^^-    Hatter. 
solution.    Firmness. 

Ant.    Irresoinioness.     VagueiiPss.      In 
decision.    Uncertijinty.    Unseitlement.  j       DECOMPOSE,    V.    tr.         De    ai)(l 

Deck,   v.   tr.      Lat.  fcr/cre,   to  i  compoupre.     To  resolve   into  its 
cover.    With  ornament  to    em-   elements    organized    or     com- 


bellish.     See  Adorn. 


I  pounded  matter. 


TiT,r,t  .»,,  71     7  m     '       ^^^-  -Analyze.  Segregate.   Individualize. 

Declaim,    v.      Dtclnrmrc.      To  |  Resolve.    Dissolve. 


hold  forth. 


SvN.  Harangue.    Recite.     Apostrophize.  I  ^'"''^''-    Compose. 


Ant.    Compound.    Concoct.    Mix.    Or- 


Speak.    Debate. 

Ant.    Read.    Study.     Cumposo.     Elabo- 
rate. 

Declamation 
matory. 

Syn.    Oratory.     Elocution.      Haranprue. 
Effusion.     Debate. 


Sec  Decla- 


Ant.  Stammering.  Titubancy.  Hesi 
tation.    Tardiloquence. 

Declamatory,  adj. 
the  faults  incidental  to  declama 
tion. 

Stn.  Loud.  Noisy.  Incoherent.  Dis- 
tursive.    Loose.    Inconsecutive. 

Ant.  Close.  Connected.  Logical.  Stndiod. 
E.xact.    yuiet.    Consecutive. 


Decompositiox,  11.  See  De- 
comi^ose. 

Decorate,  v.  tr.  Decus,  an 
ornument.     See  Adorn. 

Decorum,  n.    Lat. 

Syn.    Seemliness.     I'ropriety.     Dignity. 
Order. 
i        Ant.  Unseemliness.    Impropriety.    Dis- 
Havinj2;    turbance.    Disorder. 

•  Decoy,  v.  tr.  See  Coy.  Quietly 
to  entice  into  a  snare. 


Syn.  Allure.  Entice.  Ensnare.  Entrap, 
Seduce.     Mislead.    Inveigle. 

Ant.  Guide.  Instruct.  Warn.  Conduct 
Disabuse.    Extricate. 

Declaration,  ??.     Declarare,  i     Decrease,  v.  vet.  and   nevt. 
dams,  dear.     A  clear  statement   -^^  'IulI  crescere,  to  grow.     Said 


or  announcement. 

Sin.  Avowal.  Exhibition.  Manifesta- 
tion.   Statement.  Profession. 

Ant.  Denial.  Concealmtnt.  Suppres- 
sion. 

Declare,  v.  tr.  See  Declara- 
tion. 

Declension,  v.  Dedinare. 
Gr.  Kklvfiv,  to  dope. 

Stn.  Decay.  Decadence.  Degeneration. 
Deterioration.    Fall. 

Ant.  Rise.  Improvement.  Advance- 
ment.   Culmination. 

Decline,  v.  act.  and  neut.  See 
Declension  and  Accept. 

Declivity,  v.  De  and  dlvus, 
a  dope  ;  dediuis,  steep. 

Syn.  Descent.  Fall.  Slope.  Incline 
Devexity. 

Ant.  Ascent.    Rise.    Verticiility. 

Decoction,  v.  J)e  and  cnquere, 
fo  cook.  Food  usually  of  a  liquid 
kind  prepared  by  heat. 


of  size,  numbers,  and  degree. 

Stn.  Diminish.  Lessen.  Wane.  De- 
cUne.     Retrench.    Curtail.    Reduce. 

Ant.  Increase.  Grow.  Amplify.  Ex- 
pand.   Augment.    Extend.    Enlarge. 

Decrease,  «.     See  verb. 

Deceee,  ri.  Lat.  decretum, 
dcccrncre,  to  decide. 

Stn.  Decision.  Determination.  Man- 
date. Law.  Edict.  Manifesto.  Rule. 
Verdict. 

Anp.  Cue.  Hint.  Suggestion.  Intima- 
tion.   Request. 

Decresient,  V.  Decrescere, 
See  Augmentation. 

Decrepit,  adj.  De  and  crepare, 
to  make  a  noise.  Having  dropped 
into  the  infirm  noiselessness  of 
age,  or  a  kind  of  creaking  infir- 
mity, as  of  worn  machinery. 

Stn.  Infn-m.  Weali  Crippled.  TottM. 
Ing.    Aged. 


118 


Deokepittjde, 
crepit. 
Decry,  v.  tr.    To  cry  dov/n. 

Stn.  Depreciate.  Traduce.  Vituperate. 
Msparage.  Defame.  Vilify.  Censure. 
Abase.    Denounce. 

Ant.  ExtoL  Laud.  Praise.  Eulogize. 
Panegyrize. 

tr.      Dedicarr. 


Synonyms  and  A-donyms. 

'.       See 


Dedicate,    v. 
To  place  a  thing  or  person  under 
the  auspices  or  service  of  an- 
other; also  to  apply  to  a  pur- 
pose. 

Syx.  Devote.  Consecrate.  Offer.  Set. 
Apporlioa     Assign.    Apply.    Separate. 

AXT.  Alienate.  Misapply.  Desecrate. 
Misappropriate.    Misconvert.    Misuse. 

DEDrCE,  V.  tr.  Dedvcere.  To 
di-aw  from  another  tiling,  espe- 
cially in  the  way  of  inference. 

Syk.  Draw.    Inter.    Conclude.    Gather. 

Ant.  State.  Premise.  Hazard.  Con- 
jecture. Guess.  Induce.  Anticipate.  Fore- 
see.   Predict.    Induct. 

Dedtjcible,  adj.    See  Deduce. 

Deduct,  v.  tr.  Do  and  ducere, 
to  take  or  draw.  To  remove  a 
portion  from  a  whole. 

Stn.  Subtract.     Bate.    Remove. 
AxT.  Add.    Annex.    Subjoin. 

Deed,«.  From  Do.  A  thing 
done,  or  a  record  of  it.    .See  Act. 

Stn.  Act.  A-ction.  Commission. 
Achievement.  Perpetration.  Instrument. 
Document.    Muniment. 

Ant.  Omission.  Failure.  Aboriion.  False- 
■witness.  Innocence.  Cancelling.  Disproof. 
Invalidation.  Retractation.  Impossibility. 
Non-perfonnance.  Recall.  Reversion.  Un- 
doing. 

Dee.m,  V.  tr.  Saxon  denmn,  to 
estimate.  To  pass  an  act  of  judg- 
ment. Conn,  with  doom,  sen- 
tence, or  judgment. 

Stn.  Judge.  Estimate.  Consider.  Think. 
Suppose.    Conceive. 

Ant.  Mi.-;judge.  Misestimate.  Miscon- 
Bider. 

DiEEP,  adj.  Saxon  and  Gothic. 
Connected  with  Dip,  a  hollow, 
and  the  verb  to  immerse.  Used 
physically  and  metaphorically  of  j  piemcnt.'' 


De-  i  character,  design,  or    moiia   of 
I  thought. 

St?;.  Profound.  Subterranean.  Sab- 
merged.  Designing.  Abstruse.  Recondite. 
Learned. 

A:rr.  Shallow.  Superficial.  Artless. 
Undesigning.     Familiar.     Commonplace, 

Deeply,  adv.    See  Deep. 
Deface,  v.  tr.     Face,  fades. 
To  spoil  the  face  or  external  ap- 


pearance. 

Stn.  Mar.    Spoil.    Injure.     Disfigure. 
Axt.  Decorate.     Adorn.     Embellish. 

Defalcation,  n.  De  and/W7.c, 
ffl  sickle.  A  pruning  or  deduc- 
tion. By  present  usage  confined 
to  non-payment  of  dues. 

Stn.  Failure.  Non-payment.  Arrears. 
Deficit. 

Ant.  Payment.  AcquittAl.  Balance. 
Satisfaction.    Assets. 

Defame,  v.  tr.  Defamarr, 
fama,  reputation.     See  Decry. 

Defamee,  ?;.    See  Defame. 

Default,  «.  Fault.  Fuller e, 
to  fail. 

Stn.  Lapse.  Forfeit.  Omission.  Absence. 
AVant.    Failure. 

Ant.  Maintenance.  Appearance.  Plea. 
Satisfaction.  Forthcoming.  Supply.  Pre- 
sence. 

Defattlter,  n.     See  Default. 

SvN.  Debtor.    Insolvent.    B:\nkrupt. 
AST.  Defrayer.    Liquidator. 

.Defeat,  n.  Deficere,  defectus, 
to  fail.  Used  actively  for  failure, 
in  competition  with  a  superior 
in  .strength  or  skill. 

Svx.  Frustration.  Overthrow.  Discom- 
fiture. 

Ant.  Victory.    Triumph.    Success. 

Defe.vt,  V.  fr.  See  noun.  Used 
of  persons  and  plans. 

SiN.  Conquer.  Overcome.  Vi'orst.  Frus- 
trate. 

^Vnt.  Baffle.  Disconcert  Beat  FoiL 
Aid.  S?cure.  Promote.  Insure.  Speed 
Advance.    litablish. 

Defect,  i>.    See  Defeat. 

SvN.  Shorlcoming.    Omission.    Fault 
I        Ant.  Supply.    Suffiiency.   Kmendatloa. 
i  Compensation.     Virtue      Ornament.    C<>a> 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


119 


Defection.  See  Defect.  A 
moral  failing  or  falling  off,  the 
result  of  estrangement  of  will. 

Syn.  Failure.  iJereliction.  Abaudon- 
meiit.    Relinquishment.    Desertion. 

Ant.  Substitution.  Supply.  Super- 
abundance.   Adherence. 

Defective,  adj.    See  Defect. 

.Syn.  Faulty.  Imperfect.  Insufficient. 
Deficient.    Wanting.    Short. 

Ant.  Correct.  Complete.  Sufficient. 
Full.    Ample.    Abundant.    Satisfactory. 

Defence,  n.  Dcfendere,  dc- 
fensio. 

Syn.  Resistance.  Protection.  Shelter. 
Guard. 

Ant.  Abandonment.  Surrender.  Be- 
trayal.   Exposure. 

Defenceless,  n.  See  Defence. 

Syn.  Unsheltered.  Exposed.  Unguarded. 
Unprotected.    Unarmed. 

Ant.  Sheltered.  Guarded.  Fortified. 
Defended.    Protected.    Aimed. 

Defendant,  n.  See  Defend. 
One  who  in  a  court  of  law  has  a 
case  of  his  own  to  defend. 

Syn.  Accused.    Prisoner. 

Ant.  Prosecutor.    Accuser.    Plaintiff. 

Defensible,  adj.  See  Defence. 
That  may  be  defended  in  argu- 
ment as  true  or  right. 

Syn.  Vindicable.    Justifiable.    Tenable. 
Ant.    Unjustifiable.      Untenable.      Un- 
warrantable.    Indefensible. 

Defer,  v.  tr.  Beferre,  delatiis, 
whence  Delay.  To  put  off;  also 
to  waive,  in  deference  to  another. 

Si-N.  Delay.  Postpone.  Waive.  Ad- 
journ.    Prorogue. 

Ant.  Expedite.  Hasten.  Quicken. 
Press.    Urge.   Hurry.   Overdrive.  Despatch. 

Deference,  «.    See  Defer. 

Syn.  Respect.  Consideration.  Reverence. 
Obedience.    Homage.    Allegiance. 

Akt.  Disrespect.  Contumely.  Contu- 
macy. Disregard.  Slight.  Impudence. 
Disobedience.    Non-allegiance.    Defiance. 

Defiance,  n.  Be  and  fdes. 
Literally,  the  breach  of  faith; 
more  particularly,  of  the  relation 
between  a  vassal  and  his  su- 
j«rior ;  hence,  setting  at  nuught. 

iStk.  See  Deference. 


1  Deficient,  ad/.  Drfwerr,  to 
fail.  See  Defective.  It  differs 
from  Defective,  in  that  Deficient 
is  wanting  as  regards  a  duty  or 
a  requirement.  Defective  as  re- 
gards a  state  or  standard. 

Defile,  v.  tr.  An  old  Enghsh 
-word,  fill',  fo  pollute.  Coun.  with 
Foul.    See  Contaminate. 

DKFINte,  V.  tr.  Definire,  finis, 
a  houndnry.  To  set  limits  to 
space,  sig-nification,  rights,  &c., 
for  the  sake  of  clearness. 

Syn.  Marlt  out.  Limit.  Designate. 
Specify.     Eliminate.     Elucidate.     Explain. 

Ant.  Confound.  Confuse.  Obscure. 
Mystify.  Misstate.  Misconceive.  Miscon- 
strue.   Misdefine. 

Definite,  adj.    See  vcrh. 

Sytj.  Clear.  Specified.  Determined.  De 
finitlve.  Restricted.  Specific.  Certain. 
Ascertained. 

The  difference  between  De- 
finite and  Definitive  is  that  the 
former  refers  to  the  condition  of 
things  objectively,  the  latter  sub- 
jectively, as,  matters  of  men's 
action.  Thus,  a  definite  idea, 
and,  a  definitive  arrangement. 

Ant.  Vague.  Unspecified.  Undeter- 
minod.  Indefinite.  Obscure.  Confused. 
Intermingled. 

Definition,  n.     See  above. 

Syn.  Determination.  Limitation.  Speci- 
fication.   Restriction. 

Ant.  Confusion.  Vagueness.  Accepta- 
tion. Description.  Explanation.  Miscon- 
ception.   Misstatement. 

Deflect,  v.  tr.  and  mt.  De 
and  fiectere,  to  turn  or  bend.  To 
turn  off  from  a  given  line. 

Stk.  Turn.  Deviate.  Diverge.  Swerve. 
Divert.     Recurve. 


Deflection,  n.     See  Deflect. 

Syn.  Deviation.  Divergence.  Alienation, 
Swerving.  Incurvation.  Ourvity.  Fal(» 
tion. 

Akt.  StraiRhtiies-s.  DirectncBg.  lUctk 
linearity.  Inflcxiliility.  Prolougatioc.  ¥n^ 
secution.    Uudcviatingness. 


120 


Synonyms  and  Aniomjms. 


Deform,  v.  tr.  Forma.  To 
mar  the  shape  or  appearance. 
Bee  Adorn. 

Deformity,  n.  See  Deform. 
The  quality  of  ugliness ;  and 
also  that  which  exemplifies  it. 

SrN.  Ugliness.  Disfigurement.  Hideous- 
ness.    Abnormity.    Monstrosity. 

Ant.  Grace.  Beauty.  Decoration.  Or- 
nament. 

Defraud,  v  tr.  De  and  fraus, 
fraud.     See  Cheat. 

Defray,  v.  tr.  Through  the 
Trench  defrayer,  frais.  Lat. 
fredum,  a  'penalty  for  breach  of  the 
peace.  Payment  of  expenses,  but 
in  reference  to  a  specific  object. 

SrN.  Meet.  Liquidate.  Pay.  Discharge. 
Quit. 

Ant.  Dishonour.  Repudiate.  Dissatisfy. 
Misappropriate.    Embezzle.    Repudiate. 

Defrayment,  n.    See  Defray. 

Stn.  Payment.  Quittance.  Liquidation. 
Compensalioi).    Discharge. 

Ant.  Non-payment.  ITailure.  Insolvency. 
Appropriation.  Misappropriation.  Em- 
bezzlement.   Repudiation. 

Deft,  adj.  Saxon.  See  Clever. 

Defunct,  adj.  De  and  fungi, 
to  discharge.  One  who  has  dis- 
charged hiis  allotted  part  in  life. 
See  Dead. 

Defy,  v.  tr.  See  Defiance  and 
Dare. 

Degenerate,  ad/.    See  verb. 

Syn.  Worse.  Fallen'.  Debased.  Im- 
paired.   Vitiateii.     Decayed. 

Ant.  Improved.  Ameliorated.  Ad- 
vanced.   Regenerated. 

Degenerate,  v.  int.  De  and 
genus,  a  kind  or  stock.  To  ex- 
emplify in  one's  self  a  deteriora- 
tion of  stock;  also  said  of  the 
stock  itself. 

Stn.  Deteriorate.    Decline.    Retrograde. 
Ant.    Recover.    Improve.    Mend.    Ad- 
vauce. 

Deglutition,  n.  Deglutire,  to 
iwallmo  down. 


Syn.  Swallowing.  Gorging.  Glattecy 
Absorption. 

Ant.  Disgorgement.    Vomit. 

Degradation,  n.  De  and 
gradus,  a  step.  To  lower  from 
the  step  or  rank  of  society  or 
office.     See  Debase. 

Degrade,  v.  tr.  See  Degrada- 
tion and  Debase. 

Degree,  n.  See  Degradation. 
Degree  is  the  indication  of  rela- 
tive quantity,  as  distinct  from 
absolute  or  unmeasui-ed  quan- 
tity. 

Syii.  Grade.  Extent.  Measure.  Mark. 
Ptange.    Quantity.    Amount.    Limit 

Ant.  Space.  Mass.  Magnitude.  Size. 
Numbers. 

Dehortation,  n.  De  and 
hortare,  to  exhort.  To  exhort 
from,  or  dissuade.   See  Dissuade. 

Deign,  v.  tr.  Dignus.  To 
condescend  to  think  one's  self 
worthy.    See  Condescend. 

Dejected,  adj.  De  and  Jacere, 
to  cast,  dejectus.  Cast  do'niL 
Used  only  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Dispirited.  Gloomy.  Melancholy. 
Desponding. 

Ant.  Elated.  Inspirited.  Blithe.  Gay. 
Cheerful. 

Delay,  n.  and  v.  From  di- 
latus,  'past  part,  of  differre.  See 
Defer. 

Delectable,  adj.  Delectare, 
to  delight. 

Syn.  Pleasant.  Amiable.  Agreeable. 
Enjoyable. 

Ant.  Unpleasant.  Unamiable.  Dis- 
agreeable.    Unenjoyable. 

Delegate,  v.  tr.  Delegare. 
To  appoint  to  an  office  or  mis- 
sion. 

Syn.  Appoint.    Depute.    Commission. 
Ant.  Recal.    Supersede.    Relegate.  Hi* 
commission. 

Deleterious,  adj.  Lat. ddtre, 
to  wipe  out  or  dest  oij. 

Stn.  Destructive.  .No.\i,'TS.  Iqjnrioua 
Poisonous.    Pernicious. 


S^jnonyr)^  and  Antonyms. 


121 


Ant.  Whdesome.  Nutritious.  Esculent. 
Conservative.    BeueficiaL 

Deliberate,  v.  int.  De  and 
llhrare,  to  xoeigh  ;  Uh^a,  a  balance. 
To  weigh  a  subject  carefully,  for 
a  practical  purpose.  Both  as- 
sembhes  and  individuals  are  said 
to  dehberate. 

Syx.  Consider.  Meditate.  Consult.  Pon- 
der.   Debate.    Perpend. 

Ant.  Shelve.  Burke.  Discard.  Hazard. 
Chance.     Risk. 

Deliberate,  adj.  See  verh. 
Exhibiting  the  quality  of  delibe- 
ration. Applied  to  persons  and 
their  acts. 

Stn.  Grave.  Purposed.  Intentional. 
Designed.  Detennined.  Resolute.  Earnest. 
Unbiassed.    Unprejudiced. 

Ant.  Playful.  Jocose.  Facetious.  Ir- 
resolute. Unresolved.  Undetermined. 
Dubious.  Compulsory.  Suggested.  Dictated. 
Instigated.     Biassed.    Prejudiced. 

Deliberation,  n.  See  De- 
liberate, V. 

Deliberately,  adv.  See  De- 
liberate, adj. 

Delicacy,  ??.  Delicke,  delight. 
That  quality  which  pleases  the 
senses  of  the  refined.  Applied 
also  to  such  objects  of  taste  as 
have  tliis  quality.  In  an  ex- 
aggerated sense,  used  of  organic 
delicacy  or  weakness.  It  is  also 
used  of  mind  and  feeling. 

Stn.  Nicety.  Dainty.  Morsel.  Re- 
rinement.  Tact.  Softness.  Luxury.  Modesty. 
Scruple.    Sensitiveness.    Fragility. 

Ant.  Coarseness.  Rudeness.  Rawnesg. 
Roughness.  Indelicacy.  Commons.  Neces- 
saries.  Fare.  Physic.   Vigour.    Robustness. 

Delicate,  adj.    See  Delicacy. 
Delicious,  adj.     See  Delicacy. 

Stn.  E.xquisite.  Luxurious.  Delighttul. 
Dainty.    Choice. 

Ant.  Coarse.  Common.  Unsavoury. 
Unpalatable.    Nauseous.    Loathsome. 

Delight,  n.  Delectare.  Comp. 
Delectable.  A  high-wi-ought 
state  of  pleasurable  feeling. 

Snt  Enjoyment.  Pleasure.  Happiness. 
TfanBp<.'t.  Ecstasy.  Gladness.  Rapture. 
Blids. 


Ant.  Pain.  Suffering.  Sorrow.  Trouble. 
Misery.  Displeasure.  Dissatisfaction.  IMk 
appointment.  Discomfort.  Dejection.  De- 
pression. Distress.  Melancholy.  Discon- 
tent. 

Delightful,  adj.  See  Delight. 

Delineate,  v.  tr.  Be  and 
linea,  a  line.  To  draw  a  line,  or 
lines,  SO  as  to  mark  out. 

Stn.  Describe.  Figure.  Sketch.  Por- 
tray. 

Ant.  Misrepresent.  Caricature.  Ex- 
aggerate.   Misportray. 

Delinquency,  n.  ])e  and 
limjuere,  to  leave.  The  leaving, 
omission,  or  failure  of  diity,  aucl, 
more  positively,  the  actual  com- 
mission of  crime,  to  which  it  is 
now,  by  usage,  restricted. 

Stn.  Crime.  Offence.  Guilt.  Culpa- 
bility.   Criminality. 

Ant.  Innocence.    Blamelessiiess. 

Delinquent,  v.  See  Delin- 
quency. 

Stn.  Criminal.    Culprit. 

Ant.  Worthy.    Paragon.    Pattern. 

Delitescence,  ».  Delite.scere, 
lateo.     To  be  hid. 

Stn.  Concealment.  Hiding.  Skulking. 
Shirking. 

Ant.  Appearance.  Publicity.  Forward- 
ness.   Sflf-presenf.ation.    Openness. 

Deliver,  v.  rr.  JJeliberare, 
liber,  free.  To  set  free  from  pre- 
vious confinement;  also,  from 
the  confinement  of  one's  o^vn 
mind,  so  as  to  utter;  also,  to 
hand  over. 

Stn.  Liberate.  Free.  Rescue.  Pro- 
nounce.    Hand.    Give.     Intrust.    Consign. 

Ant.  Confine.  Capture.  Suppress.  I>- 
taln.  Betray.  AVilhdraw.  Assume.  Ap- 
propriate.   Misdeliver. 

Deluds,  v.  tr.  Deludere,  Indus, 
sport.  To  cheat  a  man  into 
something  disappointing  or  in- 
jurious to  him.     ^ee  Deceive. 

Deluge,  v.  Diluvium.  A 
great  wash  of  water. 

!        Sin.    Inundation.     Rush.     Flood.     P-> 

.tendance. 
i        Ant.  Mist.    Moisture.   Dearth.  Drnght 

Aridity     Subsidence.    Exstcjaticn. 


122 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


DblusioNj  n.    See  Deceit. 

Delve,  v.  int.  and  tr.  Sax. 
del/an.  To  dig.  Used  meta- 
phorically also. 

Syn.  Dit;.  Penetrate.  Dive.  Investi- 
gate.   Search. 

Ant.  Scratch.  Rake.  Slur.  Diibble. 
Dally.    Skim. 

Demand,  v.  tr.  Demandare. 
Demand  is  the  forcible  injunction 
of  a  right  as  towards  one's  self, 
as  command  of  an  aclion  in  an- 
other. 

Syn.  Claim.    Require.    lus'st. 
Ant.  Disclaim.    Waive.    Forego.    Peti- 
tion.   Request.    Supplicate. 

Demarcation,   «.      De    and 

marc: I,  Fr.  demarquer.  Is  to  terri- 
torial, what  definition  is  to  ideal, 
limits.  Conn,  with  Mark  and 
Marches  'On  border  -  conntries, 
and  Marquis,  the  holder  of  such 
marches. 

Syn.  Definition.  Limifation.  Configu- 
ratioK  Outline.  Slsetch.  Delineation. 
Bounding.    Inclosure.    Plan. 

Ant.  Indefiniteness.  Openness.  Space. 
AVaste.    Plain.    Void. 

Demean,  v.  tr.  De  and  minari, 
to  threaten,  as  a  driver  of  cattle  ; 
lience,  It.  inennre,  to  conduct ;  so, 
demeanour,  conduct.  In  later 
times  the  word  became  con- 
founded with  the  adj.  mean, 
which  had  acquired  the  sense  of 
low.  So,  demean  one's  self  has 
the  double  sense  of  behave  and 
condescend.  See  Behave  and 
Condescend. 

Demerit,  n.  See  jMerit  and 
Fault. 

Demesne,  n.    See  Domain. 

Demise,  v.  tr.  Fr.  dtmdtre, 
Lat.  demittere.  To  lay  down, 
first,  the  life,  and  then  the  will, 
as  to  the  disposal  of  the  pro- 
perty. 

Sru.  Bequeath.    Leave.    Will. 
XST   AllcniUe.     JJivert. 


Demise,  n.     ^^ce  Death. 

Democratic,  aJJ.  A^/ioy,  itie 
people,  and  Kpurelv,  to  rule.  Be- 
longing to  a  state  of  things  in 
wliich  the  people,  as  such,  bear 
rule.  Belonging  to,  or  akin  to, 
democracy.  Extended  to  the 
extreme  issues  of  democracy, 
from  wliich  it  were  better  to 
keep  it  distinct. 

Syn.  Popular.  Levelling.  Radical.  Sub- 
versive. Unlicensed.  Anarchical.  Destruc- 
tive.   Republican. 

Ant.  Regal.  Imperial.  Aristocratic 
Oligarchical.  Constitutional.  Conservative. 
Tyrannical.    Despotic.    Autocratic. 

Demolish,  v.  tr.  De  and  moles, 
a  mass  or  structure.  To  destroy 
utterly  a  compound  or  con- 
structed mass.     See  Destroy. 

Demoniacal,  adj.   Gr.  dcvmon. 

Syn.  Fiendish.     Hellish.     Diabolical. 
AST.  Angelic.    Seraphic.    Heavenly. 

Demonstrate,  v.  tr.  Demon- 
strare.  To  show  liy  external 
proof,  and,  secondly,  to  prove  as 
conclusively,  as  if  by  external 
proof. 

SiTJ.  Prove.  Show.  E.xhibit.  Illus- 
trate. 

Ant.  Disprove.  Conceal.  Misdemou- 
strate.    Misexemplify, 

Demoralize,  v.  tr.    De  and 

mores,  manners  or  morals.  See 
Ameliorate.  For  a  technical 
sense  in  military  matters,  see 
Dishearten. 

Demulcent,  adj.  Demulcere, 
to  soothe. 

Syn.  Soothing.  Softening.  Allaying. 
Lenitive. 

Ant.  Irritating.    Chafing.    Blistering. 

Demur,  v.  int.  Through  the 
French,  from  the  Lat.  mora,  de- 
lai/.  To  demur  to  a  thing  is  to 
delay,  from  reasons  of  your  own, 
;  in  giving  assent  or  consent  to  it. 

ijTK.  Dubitate.  Hesitate.  Halt  Ol<Jec»» 
I  AKT.  Approve.  Acquiesce.  Agrea 
1  Assent,    CoLstnU 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


123 


Demuee,  adj.  Old  Fr.  murs, 
Lat.  mores,  morals  or  manners. 
Exhibiting  refrain  of  manners 
and  exj^ression,  sometimes  to  an 
unnecessary  extent. 

Srs.  Sedate.  Staid.  Grave.  Sober. 
Dispassionate.     Prudish.    Discreet. 

AST.  Lively.  Vivaciims.  Facetious. 
Wanton.  Wild.  Noisy.  Boisterous. 
Itompish.    Iloj'denish.    Iniliscreet. 

Denial,  n.    See  Deny. 

Denizen,  n.  One  who  had 
the  priyileges  of  a  subject  by  the 
kin.£;'s  '  donatio,'  or  grant. 

S-iTs-.  Citizen.  Subject.  Inhabitant. 
Fieeti-inan.    .Sojourner.    Du-eller. 

AxT.  Foreigner.  Alien.  Stranger.  Exile. 
Traveller. 

Denomlnate,  v.  tr.  De  and 
nomen,  a  name.    To  give  a  nfime. 

Srx.  Name.  Call.  Designate.  Specify. 
Denote. 

Akt.  Misname.  Miscall.  Describe. 
Suggest.    Delineate. 

Denomination,  n.  See  De- 
nominate. A  class  or  order 
having  a  common  name. 

Syx.    Name.     Designation.     Description. 
Kind.    Class.     Order.     Appellation. 
Ajst.  Non-description.    Misnomer. 

Denote,  v.  tr.  De  notare,  nota, 
a  mark  ;  notits,  known.  To  jwint 
out,  so  as  to  set  a  note  npou,  or 
make  known  specifically.  See 
Denominate. 

Denounce,  v.  fr.  Denvntlare. 
To  declare  pulilicly  as  worthy  of 
reprobation.  Distinguished  from 
renounce,  which  is,  to  make  the 
same  declaration,  but  in  connec- 
tion with  one's  ovra.  resolve  to 
forego  or  abandon  it. 

Stx.  Keprobate.  Decry.  Proscribe. 
Brand.    Stigmatize.    Vituperate.     Defame. 

Ant.  Applaud.  Eulogize.  Vindicate. 
Panegyrize.    Uphold. 

Dense,  «<//.  Densus,  thick. 
With  particles  closely  consoU- 
dated.  Used  metaphorically  for 
Btupid, 


Stk.    Slow.     Thick.  Stupid.      Stc.jO, 

Solid,     stout.    Compact.  Consolidateu. 

Ant.  Quick.    Clever.  Intelligent.   Rare. 

Rarefied.     Uncompacted.  Sparse. 

Dent,  n.  Dens,  a  tooth.  Conn, 
with  Dint. 

Srx.  Indi'nt^ition.     Notch.     Cavity. 
Ant.    Tumour.    Protuberance.     Button. 
Knob.    Tooth. 

Denticulated,  ad/.  See  Dent. 

Stn.  Notched.    Crenellated.    Indented. 
Akt.  Toothed.    Serrated. 

Denticulation,  17.     See  adj. 

Denude,  v.  tr.  De  and  nudus 
bare. 

Stn.  strip.    Divest.    Bare.    Spoil. 

Ant.  Invest.  Drape.  Decorate.  Enrich, 
Ornament. 

Denunciation,  n.  See  De- 
nounce. 

Dent.  Denegare.  To  with- 
hold consent  to  a  proposal,  assent 
to  a  proposition  or  request,  and 
assent  to  a  statement  of  fact. 

Syn.  Refuse.  Reject.  Withhold.  Nega- 
tive.   Contradict. 

Akt.  Grant.  Accepi.  Concede.  Admit. 
AflBrm.    Confirm.    Afford.   Yield.  Indulge. 

Depart,  v.  int.  Fr.  partir,  Lat. 
rars.  To  quit  a  certain  part  or 
locality,  in  any  one  of  many 
ways.  Also,  to  leave  a  given 
place,  or  deviate  from  a  given 
line. 

Stn.  Leave.  Quit.  Go.  Decamp.  Start 
Sally.  ReUre.  Withdraw.  Remove 
Vanish. 

Ant.  Sta.y.  Cling.  Remain.  Coma 
Arrive.    Alight.    Used  also  for  Die. 

Departed,  adj.  See  Depart 
and  Defunct. 

Department,  v.  De  jxirs,  a 
part  or  division.  Fr.  depurtrnent. 
A  branch  or  part  of  an  official  or 
scientific  institution,  or  a  country 
so  arranged. 

,Stn.  Secticn.  Division.  Office.  Branch. 
Province. 

Ant.  Institution.  Establishment.  Art 
Science.  Literature.  Service.  .State  Whola 
Organization.    Community.    Society    Uodjl 


121 


Synonipns  and  Antonyms. 


Depbjjdenoe,  n.  See  Depen- 
dent. 

Dependent,  adj.  Dependere. 
To  hang,  both  merely  physically 
and  also  consciously ;  hanging  on 
another  thing. 

Syn.  Hanging.  Rpsting.  Contingent. 
Trusting.    Relying.     Subject.    Relative. 

Ant.  Independent.  Irrelative.  Irrespec- 
tive.   Absolute.    Free. 

Depict,  v.  tr.  Depingere.  To 
paint. 

Syn.  Portray.  Colour.  Paint.  Draw. 
Delineate. 

AXT.  Misrepresent.  Exaggerate.  Deform. 
Caricature. 

Deplorable,  adj.  De  and 
pjorare,  to  lament. 

Syn.  Lamentable.  Jliserable.  Pitiable. 
Sad.    Calamitous.    Disastrous. 

Ant.  Welcome.  Glad.  Acceptable. 
Felicitous.    Beneficial.    Joyous. 

Deplore,  v.  tr.  See  Deplor- 
able. 

Srx.  Regret.    T.,anient.    Mourn. 
Ant.  Welcome.    Hail. 

Depopulate,  v.  tr.  De  and 
populus.  To  deprive  a  country 
of  its  population. 

Syn.  AVaste.  Dispeople.  Unpeople.  De- 
sert.    Abandon. 

Ant.  Occupy.  Tenant.  Colonize.  In- 
habit.   Settle.    Replenish.    Stock.    Fill. 

Deportation,  v.  Deportare. 
To  carry  home  or  to  its  place. 

Syn.  Arrival.  Importation.  Placement. 
Recon.signment. 

Ant.  K.xportation.  Emigration.  Dis- 
placement. 

Deportment,  n.  Same  root 
as  Deportation.  Used  of  bodily 
and  moral  carriage. 

Syn.  IV'liaviour.    Carriage.    Movement. 
Ant.  Misbehaviour.    Misdeportiueut. 

Depose,  v.  tr.  Dcponere.  To 
lay  down  on  evidence,  or  as 
ptrongly.  .See  Avouch.  Used  in 
the  peculiar  sense  of  dethrone- 
ment.   See  Enthrone. 

Deposition,  n.    See  Depose. 


Deprive,  v.  tr.  De  and  prnmis^ 
had.  To  corrupt  the  moral  na- 
ture.    *See  Debase. 

Depraved,  adj.     Sec  Deprave. 

Deprecate,  v.  tr.  Deprecor^ 
ari.  De  and  prex,  a  prayer.  To 
beg  off  a  thing.  Also  used,  in  a 
more  positive  sense,  for  disavow, 
as,  to  deprecate  all  knowledge  of 
a  thing,  which  really  is  to  depre- 
cate another's  supposition  that 
one  has  such  a  knowledge. 

Syn.  Disavow.  iJisclaim.  E.\postulate 
Intercede. 

Ant.  Beg.  Supplicate.  Ask.  Entreat 
Request.    Imprecate.    Invoke. 

Depreciate,  v.  tr.  De  and 
'pretiinn,  price.  To  cry  down 
the  value  of  an  article  or  a  cha- 
racter. 

Syk.  Disparage.    Undervalue.    Decry. 
Ant     Appreciate,       E.xtoL       Enhance 
Value.    Over-value. 

Depred.\tion,  n.  De  and 
prcp.du,  a  prey.  A  coming  do^vn 
upon  a  place,  and  carrying  oif 
something  by  force.  Usage  has 
softened  the  word  into  meaning 
an  unauthorized  encroachment. 

Syt>.  Havoc.  Robbery.  Spoliation. 
Plunder.  Trespass.  Invasion.  Encroach- 
ment. 

Ant.  Pilfering.  Perquisite.  Abstraction, 
Pocketing.    Restitution.    Compensation. 

Depredator,  n.  See  Depre- 
dation. 

Depression,  ti.  Deprimere, 
depress/is.  Used  both  physically, 
mentally,  and  analogously. 

Syn.  Lowering.  Degradation.  Debase- 
ment. Detection.  Discouragement.  Hollow. 
Valley.    Dip. 

Ant.  Raising.  Elevation.  Exaltiition. 
Promotion.  Preferment.  Amelioration. 
Kncouragenient.  Rallying.  Rising.  Mound. 
Prominence.    Eminence. 

Deprive,  v.  tr.  Deprioare, 
from  privus,  one's  (rum.  Conn. 
with  Private.  To  take  away  A 
man's  own. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


125 


Stu.  Strip.  Bereave.  Despoil.  Hob. 
Wvcst, 

.Vin.  Iiivost.  Kndow.  Componsiite. 
Knricli.  Supply.  Present.  Reinstate.  In- 
demnify. 

Depitt,  n.     .Se.;  Deep. 

.Syx.  Profui.dity.  Cliusm.  Abyss. 
Bottom. 

AxT.  Surface.  Shallowness.  Siiper- 
ficiality. 

Depute,  v.  fr.  Dcputnre.  To 
appoint  a  person  to  a  specific 
charge. 

Syn.  Appoint.  Comm'ssion.  Charge. 
Entrust.    Delesati;.     Authurizp.     Accredit. 

Ant.  Pveciil.  Discard.  Dismiss.  Dis- 
commission.    Supersede. 

Deputy,  ??.     ^'e^  Depute. 

Si'N.  Vicegerent.  Lieutenant.  Repre- 
Fputative.  Agent.  Commissioner,  Legate, 
fro.xy.    Substitute. 

SvN.  Principal.  Master.  Chief.  Go- 
\emor.    Sovereign.    Ruler.     Head. 

Derange,  v.  tr.  Fr.  dcranger. 
From  Eange.  Conn,  with  Eing 
and  Eank,  from  arena.  See  Ar- 
range. 

Derangement,  n.  See  Derange 
and  Aberration. 

Dereliction,  11.     T>e  and  re- 

liuijlirre,      rcjidus,    fO     I'UVe.        A 

leaving    off,    or    failure    in,     a 
l"»oint  or  course  of  duty. 

Syn.  Abandonment.  Failure.  Short- 
coming. Desertion.  Relintiuishment.  Neg- 
lect. 

Ant.  Perforniai:ce.  OVservance.  Ad- 
herence. Attention. 

Deride,  v.  ir.     See  Derision. 

Derision,  n.  Be  and  riderc,  to 
IdKjh  ;  risus,  laughter.  Contemp- 
tuous laughter. 

Stn.  Scorn.  Contempt.  Contumely. 
Disrespect. 

Ant.  Respect.  Regard.  Admiration. 
Reverence. 

Derisive,  cdj.    See  Deride. 

Derivation,  «.  J)e  and  rivit!!, 
a  stream.  The  flow  of  a  thing 
from  its  source. 

Stn.  Origin.  Source.  Beginning.  Cause. 
Etymology.     Root.    Spring.     An.i  lysis. 

Aht,  Result.  Issue.  Formation.  Ap- 
plicatloii.    Use. 


Derive,  '-.  tr     See  Derivation. 

Syn.  Deduce.  'J  race.  Follow.  Track. 
Draw.    Resolve. 

.\st.  Misdeduce.  SI isat tribute.  SlU- 
trace. 

Derogate,  v.  int.  Derogarr. 
To  ask  the  votes  of  the  Eomau 
people  concerning  the  modifica- 
tion of  a  law.  Hence,  to  detract 
'  from  a  thing,  and,  specifically, 
I  from  the  value  of  it.  Followed 
i  by  the  jrrep.  from. 

SvN.  Detract.  Disparage,  Depreciate. 
Decry.    Iieteriorate. 

Ant.  Esteem.  Value.  Laud.  Enhance. 
E.\tol.  Exaggerate.  Over-estimate.  Over- 
value. 

Derogation,  «.    /See  Derogate. 

Descant,  v.  int.  J) is  and 
cantus,  a  song.  A  variation  from 
or  in  a  given  melody.  Diffusely 
to  talk. 

SvN.  Dissert.  Discuss.  Expatiate  En. 
large.    Talk.    Dwell.    Amplify 

Ant.  Condense.  Abridge.  Abbreviate. 
Curtail.    Confine.    Clip.    Delineate. 

Descend,  v.  int.  Descendere, 
saindere,  to  cUmh.     See  Ascend. 

Descendant,  «.     /S^e  Descend, 

SvN.  Offspring.  Progeny.  Slock.  Scion. 
Seed.  Branch.  Issue.  House.  Family. 
Lineage. 

Ant.  Author.  Founder.  I'arcnt.  Aiv 
cestor.  Pi-ogenitor.  Stock.  Root.  Source. 
Origin. 

Descent,  n.  See  Descend  and 
Ascend. 

Describe,  v.  fr.  Be  and  scri- 
bere,  to  vrrite  or  drcnr.  To  draw 
a  line  round  a  space,  or,  men- 
tally, round  an  idea,  for  sake  of 
explanation. 

SvN.  Draw.  Delineate.  Portray.  Ex- 
plain.    Illustrate.     Define.     Picture. 

Ant.  Confound.  Confuse.  Mystify 
Misrepresent.    Caricature.    Distort. 

Description,  n.  See  Describe 
and  Denomination. 

Descry,  v.  tr.  Discernere,  dis- 
ever  IIS.  To  discern.  Comp.  Dis- 
cretion. To  see  an  object  oa 
subject  not  distinctly  manif'^st 


126 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Stk.  Discern.  Recognize.  Discover. 
Distinguish.  Kspy.  Detect.  Observe. 
Mark. 

Ant.  Miss.    Overlool£.     Misobserve. 

Desecrate,  v.  tr.  De  and 
sacer,  sacred.  To  Aiolate  the 
sanctitj'  of  a  tiling  or  place,  or  to 
put  it  to  an  -imwortliy  use. 

Si-N.  Profane.  Secularize.  Misuse. 
Abuse.    Prostitute.    Pollute. 

AXT.  Use.  Employ.  Devote.  Dedicate. 
Consecrate.  Solemnize.  Sanctify.  Purify. 
Reconcile. 

Desert,  n.  Dcsn-ere.  To  dis- 
connect, i.  €.  abandon ;  hence  the 
itoriri,  a  place  abandoned. 

Stn.  Wild.  Waste.  ■\Vilderaess.  Soli- 
tude.   Vdid. 

Ant.  luclosure.  Field.  Pasture.  Gar- 
den.   Oasis. 

Desert,  v.  tr.  See  noun  and 
Abandon. 

Deserter,  n.  See  Desert.  One 
who  forsakes  a  person  or  a  cause, 
derehction  of  duty  being  im- 
phed. 

Stn.  Renegade.  Runaway.  Recanter. 
Abjurer.    Apostate.    Traitor.    Forsaker. 

Ant.  Adherent.  Supporter.  Ally.  Be- 
friender.    Disciple.    Bigot    Slave. 

Deserve,  v.  tr.  De  and  servire, 
to  serve.  To  earn  by  service,  or, 
generally,  to  merit. 

Si-N.  Merit.    Earn.    Justify.     Win. 
Ant.  Forfeit.    Misdeserve.    Lose. 

Desiderate,  v.  tr.  Desideriuni. 
Desire  of  the  lost  or  absent. 
Sometimes  used  vaguely  for  de- 
sire, as  a  matter,  not  of  passion, 
but  requirement. 

Syn.  Desire.    A\'aut.    Need.    Require. 
Ant.    Disregard.      Forget.       Supersede. 
Discard. 

Desideratum,  n.  See  De- 
siderate. 

StN.  P^equisite.  Complement.  Kssec- 
tial.    Want. 

Akt.  Sui-plusage.  Superfluity.  Incum- 
brance.   Drawback. 

Dksion,  V.  tr.  De  and  signare, 
to  mark  out.  To  mark  out  a 
plan  of  mental  or  jihysical  coii- 
Bti-uctiou  or  proceeding. 


.Stx.  Contpmplate  Purpose  lutend. 
Plan.     Prepare.     Project. 

Ant.  Hit.  Risk.  Guess  Conjecture. 
Chance.  Fluke,  ftlisci-nceive.  Sliscon- 
trive. 

Design,  ??.  See  verh.  Is  used 
in  the  senses  of  the  verb,  and 
also  in  the  degenerate  sense  of 
artifice  and  cunning;  that  is, 
design  unworthily  employed. 

Syn.  Contemplation.  Purpose.  luten- 
tion.  Plan.  Preparation.  Draft.  Deline- 
ation. Sketch.  Drawing.  Artifice.  Cun- 
ning.   Artfulness.    Guile.    Contrivance. 

Ant.  tJxecuiion.  Performance.  Result. 
Issue.  Construction.  Structure.  Candour, 
Fairness.  Openness.  Artlessness.  Sincerity. 
Simplicity.    Chance.    Accident. 

Designate.  De  and  sigmar,, 
a  mark  or  sign  ;  signare,  to  draw 
a  line.  To  attribute  a  descriptive 
name.    See  Denominate. 

Designation,  n.  See  Desig- 
nate. 

Designed,  part.    See  Design. 

Stn.  Intended.  Prepartd.  Purposed. 
Adapted.  Calculated.  Planned.  Contrived. 
Intentional. 

Ant.  Fortuitous.  Casual.  AccidentaL 
Miscalculated.    Miscontrived.    Unintended. 

Designing,  adj.  See  Design 
and  Artful. 

Desinence,  n.  Dcsinere.  To 
leave  off. 

SrN.  Termination.  Conclusion.  Tpssa- 
tion.  Discontiiniance.  Cadence  Period 
Finality. 

Ant.  Origination.  Initiation.  Inaugu- 
ration. Continuance.  Progression.  Com- 
mencement.   Inception. 

Desirable,  adj.  See  Deside- 
rate. To  be  desired,  either  for 
itself  or  for  some  end  beyond  it. 

Syn.  Kxpedient.  Advisable.  \'aluable. 
Acceptable.  Proper.  Judicious.  Beneficial. 
Profitable.    Good. 

Ant.  Undesirable.  Unadvisable.  Inex- 
pedient. 01)jectionable.  Improper.  Inju- 
dicious.   Unprofitable.    Evil. 

Desire,  «.    See  Desiderate. 

Stn.  LiiiiKing.  Affection.  Propension. 
Cravius.    Concupiscence.    Appetency. 

Ant.  Loathing.  Hate.  Repugnante. 
Disgust.    Aversion.   Abiniinatioc.    Horror 

Desire,  v.    See  "louu. 


Synonyms  and  Anioninna. 


DssiST.  Be  and  sintere,  to 
stand.  To  stand  off  from  con- 
tinuing a  process.  Followed  by 
prep.  from. 

Stx.  Cease.  Stop.  Discontinue.  Drop. 
Abstain.     Forbear. 

Akt.  Continue.  Troceed.  I'eisist.  Per- 
seTere. 

Desolate,  adj.  De  and  solua, 
alone.  Lonely.  Said  of  condi- 
tion and  localities. 

Stn.  Bereaved.  Forlorn.  Forsaken. 
]>eserted.  Wild.  AVaste.  Bare.  Bleak. 
Lonely. 

A.N-T.  Cheered.  Cheerful.  Consoled. 
Attended.  Cultivated.  Sheltered.  Fertile. 
Luxuriant.  Animated.  Lively.  Gay. 
Frequented. 

Desolate,  v.    See  adjective. 

Syn.    Waste.  Spoil.     Sack.     Plunder. 

Pillage.    Ravage.  IJevastate. 

Ant.    People.  Colonize.     Plant.     De- 

velope.    Fertilize.  Cultivate.    Enrich.    En- 


Desolation,  ?;.  See  Desolate, 
vej-b. 

Despair,  n.  Desperare,sperare, 
to  hope  ;    spes,  liope. 

Syn.  Hopelessness.  Despondency.  Des- 
peration. 

Ant.  Hopefulness.  Elation.  Confidence. 
Sanguineness.  E.xpectation.  Anticipation. 
Hilarity. 

Despair,  v.  See  noun.  Fol- 
lowed by  jn-ep.  of. 

Stn.  Despond.    Faint. 
Ant.    Hope.     Trust.     Confide.      Rely. 
Presume.    Ilaliy. 

Desperate,  adf.  See  Despair. 
Showing  in  action  the  condition 
of  despair,  or,  analogously,  wild, 
as  if  desperate.  Also  used  of  the 
asjDects  of  affairs. 

Syn.  Wild.  Daring.  Aitdacious.  De- 
termined. Reckless.  Abandoned.  Hope- 
less.   Inextricable.    Irremediable. 

Ant.  Cool.  Calm.  Cautious.  Timid. 
Shy.  Irresolute.  Remediable.  Hopeful. 
Promising.    Propitious. 

Despicable,  adj.  Bespicari. 
A  form  of  dtspicere,  to  look  down 
^2^0}}. 

Sra  Sec  Contemptible. 


127 

See  Despicable 


Despise,  v.ti. 
and  Contemn. 


Despite,  prep.  Fonned  from 
de  and  spite,  which  is  from  de~ 
spicere.  Spite  is  spise  or  con- 
tempt, but  not  inactive,  but  ma- 
licious despisement  or  contempt. 
In  spite  of. 

Syn.  Kotwithstanding.  Opposing.  Re- 
sisting. 

Ant.  Concurrently.  Consentaneously. 
Aiding.    Abetting. 

Despite,  ii.  See  prep,  and 
Spite. 

Despoil,  v.  tr.  Dcspoliare, 
spolia,  sjioiJs  taken  in  ivar  or 
comhat.  Used  generally  of  di- 
vesting, and  so  spoiling. 

Syh.  Strip.  Denude.  Itavage.  De- 
vastate.   Rob.    Havoc.    Spoliate. 

Ant.  Decorate.  Adorn.  Embellish.  En- 
rich.   Reinstate.    Rehabilitate. 

Despond,  v.  ■«»<.,  Despondency, 
n.  Despondere,  to  promise  away, 
especially  in  marriage.  Hence, 
to  abandon  and  give  up  as  lost. 
See  Despair. 

Despot,  ??.  Gr.  dfanoTrjs.  An 
irresponsible  head  of  a  state,  not 
necessarily  cruel  in  character. 
Yet  irresponsible  power  in  hu- 
man hands  so  naturally  leads  to 
it,  that  cruelty  has  become  asso- 
ciated with  despot  and  tyrant. 

Syn.  Tyrant.    Autocrat. 
Ant.  Slave.    Subject. 

Despotic,  adj.    See  Despot. 

Syn.  Autocratic.  Irresponsible.  Abso- 
lute.   Cruel.    Tyramiical. 

Ant.  Limited.  Constitutional.  Hu- 
mane.   Merciful. 

Destine,  v.  tr.  Destinare.  An 
old  and  obsolete  verb,  stino,  con- 
nected with  sto,  to  place  down 
firmly,  as  intended  for  a  certain 
use  or  purpose. 

Stn.  I'urpose.  Intcnc?.  Design.  De« 
vote. 

A»t.  Alienate.  Divcrce.  aUsapply. 
Divert. 


Sj/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


128 


Destination,  /;.     Sec  DoF'-ine. 

SrN.  Purpose.  Jntpntion.  Fit'sign.  Cu!i- 
signmeiit.  Object.  Ku't.  Yt\tc.  Doom. 
Arrival.  Application.  Use.  Scope.  Goal. 
Aim. 

Akt.  Operation.  Tendi-ncy.  Kxprcise. 
Action.  Movement.  Iie^ign.  Initiation. 
Project.    Effort.    Purpose. 

Destiny,  ik  See  Destine.  The 
fixed  decree  of  fate  iu  general,  or 
one's  ovn\  fate  in  particular. 

SrN.  Fate.  Decree.  Predestination. 
Necessity.     Doom.    End. 

An-t.  Will.  Volition.  Choice.  Delibe- 
ration.   Freedom.    Freewill. 

Destitute,  adj.  Bcstifutiis. 
See  Deprive. 

Destroy,  v.  tr.  Dcstrvere. 
Comp.  Eng.  Strew,  to  throw 
down. 

Syn.  Demolish.    Annihilate.    Subvert. 
AsT.  Restore.  Reinstiite.  Repair.   Fabri- 
cate.    Malce.    Create.     Construct. 

Destructive,  adj.  See  De- 
stroy. 

Syn.  Detrimental.  Hurtful.  Noxiou ». 
Injurious.  Deleterious.  Baleful.  Baneful. 
Subversive. 

Ant.  Wholesome.  Conservative.  Pre- 
servative. Beneficial.  Kcparaiory.  Sub- 
sidiary.   Restorative. 

Desuetude,  ii.  Desuetudo,  de 
and  suescere,  to  hs  accustomed. 

Syn.  Disuse.  Obsoleteness.  Non-ob- 
servance. 

Ant.  Use.  Vosne.  Custom.  Practice. 
Observance.  Exercise.  Operation.  I'eruia- 
nence.    Perpetuation. 

Desultory,  adj.  De  and 
s<dire,  to  leap.  Literally,  jumping 
about.  Not  steady  to  a  line  of 
thought  or  conduct. 

Syn.  Riimblinsr.  Discursive.  Loose. 
Unmethodical.  Superficial.  Unsettled. 
Erratic.  Inexact.  Spasmodic.  F'itful. 
Freakish.    Aberrant. 

Ant.  Settled.  Consecutive.  Earnest. 
Serious.  Persevering.  Continuous.  Me- 
thodical. Exact.  Diligent.  Untiring.  Re- 
current.   Periodical.    Systematic. 

Detach,  v.  it.     See  Attach. 

Detail,  v.  tr,  De  and  Fr. 
taiUer,  to  cut.,  It.  iayUare.  Conn, 
with  Intaglio.  Literally,  a  cutting. 


Metaphorically,  a  minute  portion 
of  a  subject  oi  work.  To  give 
the  component  parts  in  enumera- 
tive  statement. 

Syn.  Particulai  ize.  Enumerate.  Indi- 
vidualize.   Sift.    Analyze.    Specify. 

Ant  Generalize.  Condt-nse.  Conglome- 
rate. Gather.  Sketch.  Suggest.  Abstract. 
j  Classify.    Amalgamate. 

Detail,  n.     See  vevh. 

SvN.  Element.  Component.  Particular. 
Specialty.    Point, 

Ant.  Account.  Statement.  Recital 
Totality.    Representation. 

Detain,  v.  tr.  Detinere.  To 
hold  back. 

Syn.  SUiy.  Keep.  Stop.  Arrest.  Em- 
bargo. 

Ant.  I.ilierate.  Expedite.  Accelerate. 
Dismiss.    Loose.    Diseaibargo. 

]JETECT,  V.  tr.  De  and  tp(/n-r, 
to  cover.  To  uncover  that  wliich 
has  been  concealed. 

Svx.  Di^cover.  Descry.  Unmask.  Ex- 
pose. 

Ant.  Miss.  Lose.  Misobserve.  Ignorfi 
Connive. 

Detention,  ji.    See  Detain. 

Deter,  v.  tr.  D.'  and  tei-reo,  1 
frighten.  To  warn  by  the  decla- 
ration or  the  suspicion  of  ill  con- 
sequences. 

Syn.  Warn.  Stop.  Dissuade.  Disin- 
cline. Indisixise.  Dispirit.  Discourage. 
Dishearten.     Terrify.    Scare. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Incite.  Provoke. 
Move.  AlMu-e.  Prompt.  Tiuipt.  Seduce. 
Persuade. 

Deterge,  Detergent.  See 
Absterge. 

Deteriorate,  v.  tr.  Deterior, 
worse.  To  make  or  grow  worse, 
See  Ameliorate. 

Determinate,  adj.  De  and 
terminus,  a  limit.  Having  the 
limits  well  defined.    See  Delinite. 

Determination,  ».  See  De- 
termint\  Dtliiiitit)!!,  and  Decision. 
It  exiiivsses  that  (lutxlity  of  mind 
and  character  which,  having  first 
dehneated  a  course  of  condnct 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


129 


and  aim,  resolutely  strives  to 
realize  it. 

Determine,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Di^terminate,  Define,  Decide. 

Deteksion.     See  Deterge. 

Detest,  v.  tr.  De  and  testis, 
a  ivitness.  To  call,  as  it  were, 
witnesses,  before  whom  to  make 
an  expression  of  abjuration. 
Generally,  to  hate.  *S'ee  Abomi- 
nate. 

Detestable,  adj.  See  Detest 
and  Abominable. 

Dethrone,  v.  tr.  De  and 
thronus  (dpovos),  a  throne. 

Stn.  Depose.    Uncrown. 

Akt.  Crown.    Anoint.    Enthrone. 

Dethronement,  n.  See  De- 
throne. 

Detonate,  v.  int.  De  and 
tonitus,  thunder.  To  go  off  with 
a  sharp  report. 

Syn.  Explode.     Pop. 

Ant.  Smoulder.    Hang.     Puff. 

Detortion,  n.  De  and  tor- 
quere,  tortus,  to  twid  buck  or 
down.  To  tui-n  from  the  original 
meaning.  To  twist  out  of  right 
shape  generally,  as  Distortion  is 
with  a  specific  object. 

Stn.  Wresting.  Violation.  Twisting. 
Distortion.  Perversion.  Decurvity.  De- 
vexity.     Recurvation. 

Ant.  Direction.  Aim.  Rectilinearity. 
Rectification. 

Detract,  v.  tr.  Detrahere, 
tractus.  To  take  or  draw  away. 
In  usage,  applied  to  value  and 
reputation.  Used  with  the  xirep. 
from. 

Stn.  Lessen.  Deteriorate.  Depreciate. 
Diminish. 

Ant.   Augment.    Enhance.    Raise.    In- 

crease. 

Detraction,  n.  See  Detract 
and  Detriment.  Used  peculiarly 
of  derogation  from  the  social 
value  of  character. 


Stn.   Dimicution.     Deter1on.tioii.     De. 

preciation.     Slander.    Backbiting.    Deroga- 
tion. 

Ant.  Augmentation.  Improvement, 
Enhancement.  Eulogy.  Compliment. 
Flattery. 

Detractor,  n.  See  Detrac- 
tion. 

Stn.  Slanderer.    Cynic.    Backbiter. 
Ant.  Flatterer.    Sycophant.    Eulogist. 

Detriment,  n.  Detrimcjitum, 
tererc,  to  rub  or  wear.  The  wear- 
ing off  or  away  of  a  substance,  so 
as  to  diminish  its  value  or  use- 
fulness. 

Sru.  Loss.  Harm.  Hurt.  Injury.  i:)e- 
terioratioii.     Impairment. 

Ant.  Enhancement.  Improvement. 
Remedy.  Reinstatement.  Repair.  Aug- 
mentation. 

Detreviental,  adj.  See  De- 
triment. 

Stn.  Injurious.    Hurtful.    Pernicious. 
Ant.    Beneficial.    Profitable.    Augnicn 
tative. 

Detrude,  v.  tr.  De  and  trn.- 
dere,to  thrust.  To  throw  down 
St-e  Dash. 

Detruncation,  n.  De  and 
truncus,  the  trunk  or  body.  The 
separation,  from  the  main  body 
of  the  limbs  or  branches. 

Syn.  Lopping.  Disramification.  Pollaul- 
ing.  Dismemberment.  Discorporaiion. 
Amputation.    Stripping. 

Ant.  Training,  'i'railing.  Grafting. 
Inoculation.    Luxuriance. 

Devastate,  v.  tr.  De  and 
vastus,  vast.  Coim.  with  Eng. 
Waste.  To  lay  a  place  waste. 
See  Despoil. 

Develope,  v.  tr.  De  and  vo- 
luptus  (doubtful).  To  envelope 
being  to  make  comfortable  by 
wi-appmg.  Used  of  unfolding  a 
tiling,  and  also  of  unfolding  one 
thing  out  of  another,  enveloi^e 
representing  the  contrary  pro- 
cess. 

Stn.  Educe.  Enucleate.  Eliminate 
LuuQciate.    Amplify.    Expand.     Enl«rg3. 


130 


Synonyms  and  Antompm. 


Art.  Envelop*.  AVr.ip.  Obscure.  JFys- 
tify.  Conceal.  Narrow.  Restrict.  Con- 
tract.   Condense.    Compress.    Involve. 

Development,  n.  See  De- 
velope. 

Devexity,  n.  De  and  vehei'e, 
vexus,  to  mrry.     See  Detortion. 

Deviate,  v.  int.  De  and  via-, 
a  road.  To  strike  off  from  a 
road  or  line  of  thouglit  or 
Bpeech. 

SrN.  Digress.  Wander.  Depart.  Divari- 
cate.   Diverge. 

Asiw  Continue.    Advance. 

Dkviok.?;.  li.dl'jisar€,ixova.di- 
videre,  to  divide.  First,  a  divided, 
coloured,  peculiar,  or  personal 
badge  or  cognizance;  tlionce  a 
private  scheme  or  mode  of  action, 
implying  jirivacy  to  the  extent  of 
secretiveness.  For  the  latter, 
deviser  (vidert). 

Stn.  Artifice.  Expedient.  Contrivance. 
Cognizance. 

Akt.  Fair-dealing.  Openness.  Miscon- 
trivance.  Abortion.  Fortune.  Luck. 
Hazard.    Hit.    Incognito. 

Devilish,  adj.  Aid/3oXor,  the 
devil  or  accuser.     See  Angelic. 

Devious,  adj.  De  and  via,  a 
road.  Wanting  in  the  directness 
and  plainness  of  a  road. 

Stn.  Tortuous.  Circuitous.  Untracked, 
Trackless.  Pathless.  Ambagious.  Round- 
about.    Distorted. 

Ant.  Direct.  Plain.  Trodden.  Fre- 
quented.   Straightforward. 

Devise,  v.  tr.     See  Device. 

Srs.  Contrive.  Plan.  Manage.  Ma- 
noeuvre.   Concoct. 

AST.  Jkliscontrive.    Jlismanage. 

Devoid,  '"//.  A  stronger  form 
of  Void,  -which  is  connected  with 
vidnum,  empty  or  deserted.  Hence, 
widow. 

Srs.  Void.  AVanting.  Destitute.  Un- 
endowed.   Unprovided. 

Ant.  Furnished.  Supplied.  Replete. 
Provided.    Gifted. 

Devolve,  v.  act.  and  neut.  De 
and  ^-oh'tre,  to  roll.    To  accrue 


or  come  to  another  in  the  way  of 
oflSce  or  duty,  usually  in  the  ab- 
sence or  failure  of  another.  Fol- 
lowed by  the  jyrep.  uiwn. 

Syn.  Impose.  Place.  Ch.irge.  Com- 
mission. Depute.  Accrue.  Attach.  Be- 
fall.   Fall. 

Ant.  Deprive.  Withhold.  Recal.  Can- 
cel. Alienate.  Miss.  Pretermit.  Pass. 
Lapse.    Skip. 

1  Devote,  v.  tr.  De  and  votum, 
j  a  vow.  To  dedicate  by  vow. 
!  More  generally,  in  a  weaker 
i  sense,  to  assign.  See  Dedicate. 
I  Devoted,  adj.  See  Devote. 
Used  in  the  sense  of  self-devoted. 

Stx.  Attached.  Fond.  Absorbed.  De- 
dicated.   Given.     Abandoned. 

AxT.  Alienated.    Estranged.    Averse. 

Devotion,  n.  Sec  Devote.  It 
has  the  sense  of  strong  attach- 
ment generally,  and  religious 
I  attachment  in  particular. 

j        Stx.  Piety.    Devoutness.    Religiousness. 

Dedication.  S3lf-abandonment.  Solf-sur- 
I  render.  Self-sacriiice.  Love.  Attachment. 
I        AST.    impiety.    Profanity.     Selfishness. 

Aversion.  Alienation.  Antipathy.  ludif- 
'  ference.    Apathy. 

Devour,  v.  tr.     Devorare. 

I       Stx.  Eat.    Consume.    Swallow.     Gorge. 
Gobble.    Bolt.    Absorb. 
Axt.  Disgorge.    Vomit. 

Devout,  adj.     See  Devotion. 
Devoutless,  adj.     See  Ant.  to 
\  Devotion. 
'     Dexterous,  adj.    Dexter,  the 

right  hand.     Skilful  in  manual 
I  things.     See  Awkward. 
{     Diabolical,  adj.  See  Devilish. 
'     Diadem,    ».      Aid8r^na.      An 

ornament  '  bound  round  '  the 
i  head  as  a  sjnnlwl  of  imperial, 
I  princely,  or  noble  rank,  or  as  an 

ornament  of  beauty. 

I  Sin.  Crown.  Coronet.  Coronal  Chaplet 
'  WrfQih.    Fillet.     I'iara,    Circlet. 

AST.  Liberty-cap.  Fool's-cap.  Daisy- 
chain. 

Diagnostic.  Aia  and  yip<l)(TK€iv, 
to   know.      Something    whereby 


Synomjms  and  Antonyms. 


13: 


we  kiww  or  distinguish  a  case, 
especially  in  cases  of  disease. 

Stn.  ,  Symptom.  Indication.  Feature. 
Sign.    Cue. 

Ant.  Development.  Crisis.  Formation. 
Consummation.  Head.  Deception.   Illusion 

IWisindictttion. 

Dialect.  AtaX/yetj/,  to  speak 
or  converse.  It  is  better  to  use 
Dialect  in  the  sense  of  distinctive 
and  local  speech. 

Six.  Provincialism.    Accent.    Idiom. 
A-NT.  Tongue.    Language.    Speech. 

Dialectic,  adj.  See  Dialect. 
Belonging  to  the  dialectical 
science  or  rhetoric. 

Six.  Rhetorical.  Logical.  Argumenta- 
tive. 

Ant.  Conversational.  Colloquial.  Cmn- 
monplace. 

Dialogue,  «.  See  Dialect. 
Conversation  confined  to  two 
persons,  or  also  general. 

Syx.  Tete-ii-Xete.  Conversation.  Dis- 
amrse.    Colloquy.    Confabulation. 

Ast.  Monologue.  Oration.  Soliloquy. 
Apostrophe. 

Diaphanous,  adj.  Ata,  through, 
and  (pdiveiv,  to  show.  Said  of  that 
which  the  light  shines  through 

Sin.  Transparent.  Translucent.  Crys- 
talline.   Pellucid.    Limpid. 

Ant.  Muddy.    Opaque.    Turbid. 

Diatribe,  v.  Aiarpi^eiu,  to 
vxar,  waste,  or  spend  time,  es- 
pecially in  pointless  or  abusive 
talk.  The  moral  to  be  drawn 
from  the  word  seems  to  be  that 
men  are  far  more  cloqueut  in 
abuse  than  in  praise. 

Sin.  Tirade.  Kffusion.  Yarn.  In- 
vective.   Abuse. 

Ant.  Pith,  Epigram.  Point.  Concinnitf. 
Eulogy.  Panegyric.  Discussion.  Disqaj. 
sition.    Treatise.     Essay. 

Dictate,  v.  tr.  Dictare,  to 
pronounce  for  repetition,  also  for 
purposes  of  instruction  or  com- 
mand. 

Enjoin.    Com- 


Svn.  Prompt.    Suggest 
mand. 

A.m.    Follow.     RepAit, 


Obey      Ech.; 


Bee  Dictate. 

Imperious.      i>jmt 


Dictation,  « 

Svn.    Imperative 
neering.    Arbitrarj-, 

AsT.  Condescending.  AfTable.  Indul- 
gent. Modest.  Uiassuming.  .Suppliant. 
Supplicatiji-y.  Precatory.  Persuasive.  In- 
sinuating. 

Dictatorial,  adj.  See  Dictate. 

Diction,  ».  Dictio.  Dicere, 
to  say  or  sjmil:  Cori'ect  style  in 
WTiting  and  speaking. 

Sin.  Style.  Expression.  Rhetoric.  Gram- 
mar. 

AxT.  .Solecism.  Provincialism.  Mis- 
pronunciation. 

Didactic.    Ai^da-Ktiv,  to  teach. 

Svx.  Instructive.    Directive.    Moral, 
Ant.     Unsound.     Misinstructive.      Er- 
roneous.    IVriiicious.     Misleading. 

Die.  Scandin.  Used  physi- 
cally and  aualogou.sly  of  the  pro- 
cess of  tending  to  extinction. 

Svn.  Expire.  Depart.  Perish.  Decline. 
Languish.  Wane.  Sink.  Fade.  .Decay. 
Cease. 

Ant.  Begin.  Originate.  Rise.  Live. 
Develope.  Grow.  Strengthen.  Flourish. 
Luxuriate.    Vegetate. 

Diet,  h.  Aiaira.  A  ivayof  living, 
especially  with  reference  to  food. 
Hence  food  itself,  involving,  how- 
ever, the  notion  of  choice  or  pre- 
scribed food.  It  lias  the  tech- 
nical sense  of  imi'liamentary 
assembly. 

Svn.  Food.  Victuals.  Nourishrnent. 
Nutriment.  Sustenance.  Fare.  Cheer. 
Regimen. 

AxT.  Starvation.  Fasting.  Abstinence. 
Gluttony.    Omnlvorousness. 

DiFFERSNCB,  n.  Differentia. 
Dis  and  fcrre,  to  hear,  to  bear  off 
in  contrari((nt  directions.  The 
word  is  used  to  express  partial 
and  total  unlikeness  or  separa- 
tion in  kind  and  character. 

Svn.  Separation.  Destruction.  Diss! 
milarity.  Unlikeness.  Disagreement.  Di* 
s'lnance.  Discord.  Contrariety.  Dissent 
Estrangement.    Variety. 

Ant.  Community.  Consociation.  Con. 
donation.  Similarity.  Likeness.  Agree- 
nient.  Sympathy.  Consonance.  Harmony 
Consentaneousness.  Reconciliation.  Un* 
formity.    Identity. 

k2 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


132 


Differentiate,  v.  tr.  See 
Difference.  To  enumerate  the 
differentife  or  pro]3erties  where- 
by one  thing  is  differenced  from 
another  of  the  same  class. 

Si-N  ParticuUuize.  Individualize.  Dis- 
tinguish. Identify.  Verify.  Specify.  Se- 
•reeate  Disseminate.  Fuse.  Lump.  3lass. 
"  Ant.  Generalize,  Classify.  Confound. 
Amalgamate.    Confuse. 

Differentiation,  n.  See  Dif- 
ferentiate. 

Difficult,  ((<U-  Difficilis.  Dis 
find  faeere,  to  do  or  make.  Un- 
manageable, or  hard  to  put  to- 
gether in  the  structui-e  of  thought, 
language,  or  operation. 

Stn.  Hard.-  Intricate.  Involved.  Per- 
plexing. Enigmatical.  Obscure.  Un- 
manageable.   Unamenable.    Reserved.    Op- 

^°''ant  Easy.  Plain.  Straight.  Simple. 
Lucid.  Categorical.  Tractable.  Amenable. 
Unreserved.     Favourable. 

Difficulty,  n.    See  Difficult. 

Diffident,  adj.  Vis  and 
fides,  distrutifful  of  one's  own 
merits  or  powers.     See  Modest. 

Diffuse,  adj.  Diffundere.  Dif- 
fusus,  to  pour  abroad.  Said  of 
style  of  speech.  Copious  to  a 
fault,  and  without  energy. 

Stn.  Discursive.  Prolix.  Diluted. 
Copious. 

Ant.  Laconic.  Epigrammatic,  lerse. 
Condensed. 

Dig,  V.  tr.  and  int.  Sax.  See 
Delve. 

Digest,  v.  tr.  Dis  and  gnrrr, 
'0  hear  or  carry.  To  separate 
carefully  into  portions,  for  pur- 
poses of  nutrition,  thought,  or 
design.  ^.  .  , 

Syn.  Sort.  Arrar.ge.  Dispose.  Ord.  r. 
Prepare.  Assimilate.  Incorporate.  Con- 
vert.   Methodise.    Tabulate. 

Ant.  Displace.  Confound.  Complicate. 
Derange.  Disorder.  Discompose.  Eject. 
Refuse.    Ri'ject.     Disturb. 


To  treat  as  worthy  of  honour  or 
exaltation. 

Stn.    Aggrandize.      Elevate.     ■  Invest 
Exalt.    Advance. 

Ant.  Degrade 
Disgrace. 


Promote.    Honour. 
Uisinvest.     HumilialP 


DiGBESS,  V.  int.  T)is  and  gra. 
dior,  gressns,  I  walk.  To  de- 
viate from  the  Une  of  treatment. 
See  Deviate. 

Dilaceration.  a  tearing 
asunder.     See  Laceration. 

Dilapidation,  n.  Dis  and 
lapis,  a  stone.  The  crumbling 
or  faUing  of  a  tenement  or  edifice, 
even  though  it  be  not  constructed 
of  stone. 

Stn.  Ruin.  Decay.  Disintet^ration. 
Crumbling.     Demolition.     Dismantlement. 

Ant.  Solidity.  Reparation.  Integrity. 
Soundness.  Construction.  Fabric.  Structure 

Dilate,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Dis 
and  latus,  hroad.  To  stretch  into 
broader  dimensions ;  also  to  en- 
large, rhetorically,  upon  a  point 
or  siibject. 

Stn  Stretch.  Widen.  Expand.  Swell. 
Distend.    Enlarge.    Descant.     Expatiate. 

Ant.  Narrow.  Contract.  Restrict.  Con- 
strict. Particularize.  Dissect.  Anatomize. 
Concentrate.    Epitomize.    Condense. 

Dilatory,  adj.  Differre,  di- 
latiis.    To  put  off. 

Stn.  Tardy.  Procrastinating.  Beliind- 
hand.    Lagging.    Dawdling.       „  ,     ,       , 

Ant.  Quick.  Prompt.  Beforehand. 
Vigilant.  Eager.  Alert.  Ardent.  Hasty. 
Precipitate.    Rash. 

Dilemma,  n.  .Air  and  Xi^f-fin, 
a  lemma  or  thinq  taken.  An 
argument  equally  conclusive 
against  the  opponent  on  either 
of  two  suppositions.  Popularly 
used  for  diificulty. 

Stn.  Vix.  Hobble.  Quandary.  Doubt 
Difficulty.    Scrape.  .    ^    ., 

Ant.  Extrication.  Rebutment.  Freedom 
Advantage.   Superiority.    Escape.  Solutiou. 


JJIGWIFY,  ".  ti 


BignuSfWorthy. 


Retort. 

DlLIGBNOB, 
diligere,  to  love. 


n.        Dilig-^ntia, 
That  activity  oi 


Synonijnia  and  Antonyms. 


133 


Rsrsiduity  which  springs  from 
the  love  of  work  or  a  particular 
task,  hence  industry  generally. 

Stn.  Care.  Assiduity.  Attention.  Heed. 
Industry. 

Ant.  Indifference.  Carelessness.  Neglect. 
Inattention.  Heedlessness.  Desultoriness. 
Inertness.    Idleness. 

Dim,  adj.  Word  of  Northern 
origin.     ISee  Obscure. 

Dimension,  n.  Dis  and 
metiri,  to  measure.  Commonly 
used  in  the  plural. 

Stn.  Measurement.  .Size.  Configura- 
tijn.    Delini  ation. 

Akt.  Mismeasurement.    Segment. 

Dimidiate,  v.  tr.  Dimidium, 
h  df. 

SvN.  Halve.    Bisect. 
Ant'.  Unite.    Integrate. 

Diminish,  v.  tr.  Diminuere, 
oniiuis.  To  lessen  in  size  or 
quantity. 

Stn.  Lessen.  Reduce.  Contract.  Cur- 
tail.    Retrench. 

Aot.  Increase,  Enlarge.  Expand.  Ex- 
tend.   Amplify.    Magnify. 

Diminutive,  adj.  See  Diminish 
and  Small. 

Dimness,  n.  See  Dim  and 
Obscure. 

Din,  n.  Iceland,  dyre,  tiainder. 
Noise,  harsh,  confused,  and  con- 
tinuoiis. 

Stn.  Racket.  Clamour.  Rattle.  Re- 
sonance.   Clangour.    Reverberation. 

Ant.  Crash.  Report.  Burst.  Explosion. 
Pop.    Bang. 

Dingy,  adj.  Allied  to  Dim 
and  Dun. 

Sin.  Dull.  Dusky.  Rusty.  Dim. 
Colourless.    Obscure.    Dead.    Sombre. 

Ant.  Bright.  Burnished.  Glossy.  High- 
culoured.    Radiant.    Luminous.    Gleaming. 

i/ustrous. 

Dint,  v.   Saxon,  dyut,  a  stroke. 

SvN.  ARency.  Instrumentality.  Force. 
Tower.    Eflic.icy. 

Ant.  ^Veakness.  Inoperativeness.  In- 
cfilcacy.  Uselessness.  Helplessness.  Op- 
position.   Counterforce. 

l>ip,v.ir.  Gothic,  /"^ee  Immerse. 


Dip,  ".  The  angle  of  decUna- 
tion  below  the  horizon  or  any 
given  level. 

Sra.  Declination.  Dopros.sion.  Dev^xity. 
Slope. 

Ant.  Elevation.  Ascent.  Acclivity 
Gradient. 

DiPLOMAOY,  rt.  Diploma,  cre- 
dentials, StTrXoO?,  double  or  folded 
letters  of  trust,  as  distinct  from 
letters  patent.  The  science  of 
international  communication.  It 
has  degenerated  into  a  lower 
meaning,  representing  the  arts 
of  diplomacy  as  merely  pruden- 
tial. 

Stn.  Embassage.  Ministry.  Ambassa- 
dorship. Representation.  Tact.  Contri- 
vance. Management.  Negotiation.  Out- 
witting.   Circumvention. 

Ant.  Cancel.  Recal.  Conge.  Miscon- 
trivance.  Mismanagement.  Mal-admini- 
stration.  Over-vaulting.  Self-entanglement. 
S'-lf-dcfeat.    Self-stultitication. 

Diplomatic,  adj.  See  Diplo- 
macy. 

Sin.  Judicious.  Knowing.  AVise.  Pru- 
dent. Well-managed.  Well-contrived. 
Well-planned.    Well-conceived.     Sagacious. 

Ant.  injudicious.  Bungling.  Stultify- 
ing.    Ill-managed.     Undiplomatic. 

Dire,  adj.  Dirus.  See  Dread- 
ful. 

Direct,  v.  Dirigere,  directus. 
To  rule  so  as  to  keep  or  send  on 
a  given  line  of  conduct  or  duty. 
See  Gu.ide,  Command,  In.struct. 

Direct,   adj.      See    verb  and 
Straight. 
Direction,  n.    See  Direct,  v. 

Stn.  Course.  Tendency.  Inclination 
Line.    Control.    Command.    Bearing. 

Ant.  Misdirection.  Deviation.  Miscon- 
trol.     Misinstruction.    Aberration. 

Directly,  adv.,  of  motion 
and  time. 

Stn.  Straightly.  Straightway.  ImmaL 
diately.     Undeviatingly. 

Ant.  indirectly.  By-and-by.  Inter 
vcnieutly. 

Director,  n.  See  Dii-ect.  Used 


134 


Synonijins  and  Antonyms. 


m  the  tecliiiical  sense  of  a  com- 
mercial director. 

Srir.  Ruler.  Controller.  Manager. 
Master,    l.eader.    Guide. 

Ant.  Body.  Company.  luititution. 
Coucem.    Subordinate.    Follower. 

Dirge,  ».  A  funereal  hymn. 
Said  to  be  from  the  first  word  of 
a  Latin  psahn,  'Dii'ige  gressus 
meos,' '  Direct  my  steps.'  It  may 
have  been  some  forgotten  hymn. 

SrN.  Requiem.  Lament.  Threnody. 
Elegy.    AVako.    Coronach. 

Ant.  Authem.    Te  Deum.    Jiibil.xte. 

Dirt.  Iceland,  drit.  Used 
also  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Foulness.  Dung.  Filth.  Unclean- 
ness.     Meanness.    Sordidness. 

Ant.  Cleanness.  Purity.  Ablution.  In- 
tegrity. 

Dirty,  nilj.     See  Dirt. 

Disability,  n.  The  depriva- 
tion of  ability  (which  see),  as 
inability  is  simply  the  want  of  it. 

Syn.  Disqualification.  Impotency.  Un- 
f.tness.    Incapacity.    Forfeiture. 

Ant.  Qualification.  Recommendation. 
Fitness.    Deserving.    Merit. 

Disabled,  adj.   See  Disability. 

Disabuse,  v.  tr.  Bis  and 
uhidi,  to  abuse.  To  rescue  a 
man's  mind  from  that  false  use 
of  things  which  comes  from  false 
views  of  them. 

StN.  Undeceive.  Inform.  Ccnect.  En- 
lighten.   Rectify. 

Ajit.  Deceive.  Mislead.  Prejudice.  Pre- 
possess. Hoodwink.  Inveigle.  Stultify. 
Bamboozle. 

Disadvantage,  n.  See  Ad- 
vantage. 

Disaffection,  n.  See  Affec- 
tion. 

Disagreeable,  cdj.  See  Agree- 
able. 

Disagreement,  «.  See  Quar- 
rel. 

Disallow,  p.  tr.    Sc;  Allow. 

Disannul,  v.  tr.  A  etronger 
form  of  Amiul. 


Disappear,  v.  int.  See  Vanish. 

Disappoint,  v.  tr.  See  Ap- 
point. To  cause  one  to  fail  of 
reaching  the  point  at  issue,  or 
the  point  of  expectation.  This 
may  be  done  piirposely  or  indi- 
rectly. Expectations  themselves 
and  plans  are  said  to  be  disap- 
pointed. 

Stn.  Betray.  Deceive.  Frustrate.  BafHe. 
Delude.    Vex.    Mortify. 

Ant.  Realize.  .Justify.  Verify.  FulfiU 
Encourage.    Satisfy.    Gratify. 

Disapprobation,  7i.  See  Ap- 
probation. 

Disarm,  v.  tr.    See  Arm. 

Disarrange,  v.  tr.  See  Ar- 
range. 

Disarray,  v.  tr.    See  Array. 

Disaster,  n.  Dis  and  astrum, 
a  star.  A  misfortune,  as  of  the 
baleful  influence  of  an  evil  star. 
See  Calamity,  from  which  it 
differs,  as  being  more  imme- 
diately connected  with  man's 
agency. 

Disavow,  v,  tr.  See  Avow  and 
Acknowledge. 

Disband,  v.  tr.    See  Muster. 

Disbelief,  n.    See  Belief. 

Disburden,  v.  tr.  See  Bur- 
den and  Load. 

Disburse,  v.  tr.  Dis  and 
bursa,  a  purse.     See  Expend. 

Discard,  v.  tr.  Dis  and  carta, 
a  playing  card.  To  throw  out  of 
the  hand  as  useless.  See  Aban- 
don. 

Discern,  v.  tr.  Discemrri ,  to 
discern.  To  see,  generally,  and, 
particularly,  to  see  distinctions. 

Stn.  Descry.  Observe.  Recognize  See. 
Discriminate.    Differentiate.  Separate.  Per- 


Discernible,  adj. 
cern. 

Stn.  Visible.  Conspicuous.  Manifest. 
Palpable. 

Ant.  Invisible.  Inconspicuous.  Obscure. 
Indiscernible.  Impalpable.  Microscopic. 
Minute, 

Discernment,  n.  See  Discern. 
Is  used  of  the  moral,  not  of  the 
physical  faculty. 

SrN.  Discrimination.  Farsightedness. 
Clearsigbtedness.  Penetration.  Observa- 
tion.   Sagacity. 

Ant.  Heedlessness.  Blindness.  Inob- 
BPrvance.  Shortsiglitedness.  Dulness. 
Density.    Hebetude. 

Discharge,  v.  tr.   See  Charge. 

Stn.  Liberate.    Empty.    Dismiss. 
Ant.  Confine.    Charge.    Detain. 

Disciple.     Biscere,  to  learn. 

Stn.  P'oUower.  Student.  Believer. 
Votary. 

Ant.  Master.  Teacher.  Leader.  I'ro- 
fessor. 

Disciplinarian,  n.  See  Dis- 
ciple and  Discipline. 

Stn.  JIartinot.     Tight  hand. 
Ant.  Sloven.    Kingdog. 

Discipline,  n.  See  Disciple. 
The  strict  state  of  a  disciple,  and 
the  personal  coercion  to  which 
he  is  subject. 

Srx.  Order.  Strictness.  Training.  Co- 
ercion.   Punishment.    Organization. 

Ant.  Disorder.  Confusion.  Rebellion. 
Mutiny.  Encouragement.  Reward.  Dis- 
organization. 

Disclaim,  v.  tr.    See  Claim. 

Disclose,  v.  tr.  Disdudere, 
disclusus,  claudere,  to  shut. 

Stn.  Discover.  Reveal.  Confess.  De- 
tect. 

Akt.  Cover.    ConceaL    Lock.   Suppress. 

Discolour,  v.  tr.  Color,  colour. 

Stn.  Daub.    Stain.    Taint.    Disfigure. 
Ant.  Paint.    Colour.    Kmbellish.    Tiat  I 
Decorate.    Illuminate. 

Discomfit,  v.  tr.    Disconficere. 
To  upset  or  disconcert  a  plan,  or  ' 
those  who  had  made  it  or  put  it  I 
together,     .s.  e  Disconcert.  j 

Discomfiture,  n.  JSce  Dis-  j 
comfit.  1 


Si/iionyms  and  Anionyms. 
See   Dis- 


135 


Discomfort,  n.    Set  Comfort. 

Stn.    Disquiet.    Vexation.     Annoyance 


Trouble.      Unpleasantness. 


.  disagreeable- 
Pleasantnes 


See 


Ant.      Comfort.      Ease. 
Agreeableness. 

Discommendation, 
Commendation. 

Discompose,  v.  tr.  Bis  and 
coinjMuere,  to  put  together.  See 
Derange. 

Disconcert.  Fr.  concert, 
agreement,  or  harmm^y  of  parts 
or  faculties.  So,  to  disconcert 
is  to  throw  into  confusion  a  per- 
son's faculties,  or  the  details  of 
his  plan. 

Sin.  Abash.  Confuse.  Confound.  Upset. 
Baffle.  Derange.  Discompose.  Frustrate 
Discomfit. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Rally.  Countenance 
Aid.  Concert.  Concoct.  Arrange.  Ordor 
Prepare.  Scheme.  Contrive.  Hatch.  De- 
sign. 

Disconcerted,  adj.  See  Dis- 
concert. 

DiscoNFORMiTT,  n.  See  Con- 
formity. 

DiscoNGRuiTY,  n.  See  Con- 
gruous. 

Disconnect,  Disconnected, 
Disconnection.    See  Connection. 

Disconsolate,  adj.  See  Con- 
sole and  Forlorn. 

Stn.  Sad.  Forlorn.  Melancholy.  Un- 
happy.   Desolate.    Woful. 

Ant.  Joyous.  Chc-erful.  Merry.  Happy. 
Gay.    Jovial.    Gladsome.    Blithe. 

Discontent,  n.    See  Content. 
Discontented,  adj.    See  Coi> 

See  Con- 
See    Cou-  ' 


_  Discontinuance,  n. 
tinuance. 


Discontinuity,  n. 

tinuation. 
Discord,  n.    See  Concord. 
Discorfance,  n.    See  Accord. 


136 


Srjnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


DiSCOUNTENAN  :!E,    V.    tr.       SVe 

Countenance. 

DiSENTHRONE,  V.  tr.  See  En- 
throne. 

Discourage,  u,  ir.  See  En- 
courage. 

Discouragement,  n.  See  En- 
courage. 

Discourse,  n.  Discursus, 
currere,  to  run.  The  running 
from  point  to  point  of  conversa- 
tion or  argument,  either  ad  libi- 
tiun  or  under  rule.  Conversa- 
tion or  reasoning.  See  Conver- 
sation. 

Discourtesy.    See  Courtesy. 

Discover,  v.  tr.  Be  couvrir, 
(lis  coopcrire.  To  open  so  as  to 
reveal.  It  is  used  actively  both 
of  persons  and  things. 

SrfT.  Find.  Invent.  Descry.  Detect 
Betray.    Indicate.    Manifest. 

Ant.  Conceal.  Suppress.  Repress.  Miss. 
I-ose.    Overlook.    Masli.    Cover.    Screen. 

Discredit,  n.    See  Credit. 

Discreditable,  adj.  See  Dis- 
reputable. 

Discreet,  adj.  See  Discern. 
One  who  by  tact  discerns  the 
right  from  the  wi-ong  and  the 
prudent  from  the  imprudent. 

Syn.  Discerning.  Wise.  Prudent.  Re- 
gulative.   Sensible.    Judicious. 

Ant.  Undiscerning.  Blind.  Foolish. 
Imprudent.  Indiscreet.  Unrestrained. 
Reckless.    Injudicious.    Silly. 

Discrepancy,  n.  Dis  and 
crepure,  to  sound.  To  sound  out 
of  tune  with  something  else. 

Stn.  Dissonance.  Disharmony.  Discord. 
Contrariety.    Disagreement. 

Ant.  Consonance.  Harmony.  Accord- 
ance.   Agreement.    Correspondence. 

Discretion,  n.    See  Discreet. 
Discretional,  adj.    Sie  Dis- 
creet. 

Stn.  Optional 

Akt.  Compuluory     ObligAK)i7.  | 


Discrimination,  n.  Disalmen, 
a  difference.  The  faculty  of  dis- 
tinguishing difference,  with  a 
view  to  practical  knowledge,  as 
I/iscretion  turns  upon  such 
matters  as  involve  questions  of 
personal  interest  and  conduct. 

Stn.  Penetration.  Sagacity.  Acuteuess. 
Nicety.    Shrewdness.    Discernment. 

Ant.  Dulness.  Confiisedness.  Indis- 
criminateness.  Shortsightedness.  Hebetude. 
Indiscernment. 

Discursive,  adj.  See  Dis- 
coiu'se.  Having  a  tendency  to 
run  away  from  the  line  of  argu- 
ment.    See  Consecutive. 

Discuss,  V.  tr.  Discutere,  dis- 
cussus.  To  shake  apart  the  ele- 
ments of  a  thing,  so  as  to  sift 
and  investigate  them. 

Stk.  Debate.    Argue.    Sift. 

Ant.  Mystify.    Confound.    Obscure. 

.  Disdain,  7).  Bis  and  dignm, 
worthy.  A  feeling  of  another's 
imworthiness  in  comparison  with 
one's  self. 

Stn.  Contempt.  Scorn.  Supercilious- 
ness. 

Ant.  Respect.  Reverence.  Admiration. 
Respectfulness.    Cousiderateness.   Humility, 

Disdain,  v.  tr.    See  noun. 
Disdainful,  adj.  See  Disdain. 
Disease,  h.  Bis  and  aise,  ejeid, 
easy. 

Stn.    Complaint.      Ailment.      Malady. 


Sickness. 

Ant.  Health, 
Salubrity. 


Convalescence.     Sanitv. 


See  Em- 


DlSEMBODY,    V.    tr. 

body. 

Disenable,  v.  tr.    See  Enable. 

Disenchant,  v.  tr.  See  En- 
chant. 

Disencumber,  v.  tr.  See  En- 
cmnbcr. 

Disengage,  r.  tr.  See  Engage. 

Disentangle,  v.  tr.  .See  Esr 
tangle. 


Synonyms  and  Anlonyms. 


See    En- 


DlSENTITLED,    adj. 

title. 
DiSESTEEM,  n.    See  Esteem. 
Disfavour,  n.    See  Favour. 
Disfigure,   v.  tr.      Bis    and 

fiijvru,     shape     or    figure.       See 


137 

See    In- 


See  En- 


Adorn. 

Disfranchise,  v.  tr. 
franchise. 

Disgorge,  v.  tr.    See  Gorge. 

Disgrace,  v.  tr.  See  Dishonour. 

Disgrace,  n.    See  verb. 

Disguise,  n.    See  Guise. 

Disguised,  adj.    See  Guise. 

Disgust,  ??.  Dis  and  gustare, 
to  taste.  A  consciousness  of  con- 
trariety to  one's  taste.  It  is  used 
of  moral  things  rather  than  phy- 
sical. 

Snr.  Nausea.  Loathing.  Abomination. 
Aversion. 


Disinherit,  v.  tr. 
herit  and  Disown. 

Disintegrate,  v.  tr.  See  In- 
tegrate. 

Disinter,  v.  tr.    See  Inter. 

Disinterested,  adj.  See  In- 
terested and  Selfish. 

Disenthral,  v.  tr.  See  En- 
thral. 

Disjoin,  v.,  Disjointed,  adj. 
See  Join  and  Desultory. 

Dislike,  v.  tr.    See  Like. 

Dislocate,  v.  tr.    See  Locate. 

Dislodge,  v.  tr.    See  Lodge. 

Disloyal,  adj.     See  Loyal. 

Dismal,  adj.  Originally  a 
noun.  '  The  dismal,'  from  the 
Lat.  dies  mahcs,  evil  day.  Uncert. 

Syn.    Dreary.      Ominous.     Foreboding. 

Lonesome.    Cheerless.    Gloomy.     Sad.    De- 

A.VT.  Desire.    Liking.    Partiality.    Pre- '  gf^^,!'^-     Lugubrious.     Funereal.     Tragic 

dilection.      Relish.      Fondness.      Longing,  j        j^^     q^^       Propitious.       PromUing 

I  Cheerful.        Lively.        Elated.         Joyous. 

Laughable.    Ridiculous.    Comic. 


Avidity. 

Dishearten,  v.  tr.    The  Eng- 
lish form  of  the  French  deriva- 


Dismantle,  v.  tr.    To  deprive 


tive  discourage.    See  Encoui-age.  i  of  the  cloak.    Thence,  generally, 
Dishevel,  v.  tr.    Fr.  cheveux  '  of   customary    furniture,    orna- 
Tiair,  Lat.  capillus.    To  entangle  !  ments,  or  accompaniments.    The 


the  hau- 

Stn.   Disorder.     Entangle.     Disarrange. 
Ant.  Tire.  Dress,  Plait.   Bind.  Weave. 
Braid. 

Dishonest,  adj.  See  Honest. 
Dishonour,  n.  See  Honour. 
Dishonour,  v.    See  noun. 

Dishonourable,  adj.  See 
Honom-able. 

Disincline,  v.  tr.,  Disin- 
clined, adj.     See  Incline. 

Disinfect,  v.  tr.,  Disinfect- 
ant, 11.    See  Infect. 

Disingenuous,  adj.  See  In- 
genuous. 


name  mantle  is  derived  from 
Mantua,  as  millinery  from  ]Milan, 
and  perpetuates  the  memory  of 
the  towns  of  North  Italy,  as  at 
one  time  famous  for  their  fabrics. 

Stn.  Disrobe.  Divest.  Denude.  De- 
spoU.    Disarm.    Strip. 

Ant.  Robe.  Invest.  Drape.  Adorn. 
Arrange.    Kquip.    Endue. 

Dismay,  v.  tr.  Goth,  magan, 
to  he  strung.  Comp.  Might  and 
Mighty.     To  disable  by  fear. 

Srs.  Afifright.  Astonish.  Appal.  Terrify. 
Dishearten.    Daunt. 

AisT.  Encourage.  Rally.  Inspirit.  As- 
sure.   Allure. 

Dismay,  n.    See  verb. 
Dismember,  v.  tr.    Memh7iar^ 


138 


Sijmmjms  and  Antonyms. 


a  limb.  To  separate  one  or  more 
limbs  or  portions  from  tlie  trunk 
or  body.  The  body  may  be  a 
physical  or  social  body. 

Stn.  Disiutegrate.  Disincorporate.  De- 
truncate. 

Ant.  Integrate.  Incoi-porate.  Organize. 
Reorganize.    Kngraft. 

Dismiss,  f.  tr.  Dis  and  mittere, 
missus,  to  fieml. 

Sin.  Banish.    Discard.     Abandon. 
Akt.    Ketaiu.     Dutaiu.      Keep.     Main- 


Dismount,  v.  int.    Fr.  montei\ 
to  rise.     From  mons,  muatitain. 
Stn.  Aliglit.    Descend. 
Ant.  Mount.    Start. 

Disobey,  v.  tr.    Set-  Obey. 

Disoblige,  Disobliged,  Dis- 
obliging.    iSee  Oblige. 

Disorder,  n.    See  Order, 

Disorderly,    adj.      See    Or- 
derly. 

Disorganize,  v.  t 
ganize. 

Disown,  v.  tr.    See  Own, 


Stn.  Disperse.  Scatter.  Drive  away. 
Dismiss. 

Ant.  Collect.  Eecal.  Summon.  Con- 
vene. Congregate.  Conglomerate.  Mass. 
Accumulate. 


Dispensation,  «.  See  Dis- 
pense. A  paying  out  or  distri- 
bution. Applied  to  the  ways 
and  dealings  of  Providence  with 
the  world.  It  is  used  of  signal 
stages  of  the  world's  religious 
liistory,  and  of  the  history  of  m- 
dividuals.  It  is  also  used  of 
granting  licence  of  exemption, 
and  of  foregoing,  when  followed 
by  tuith. 

Stn.  Economy.  Dealing.  Revelation. 
Distribution.  Arrangement.  Visitation. 
E.xempdon.  Immunity.  Privilege.  Aban- 
donment.   Dismiss;iL     Disuse.    Indulgence. 

Ant.  Reservatio;i.  Injunction.  Prohi- 
bition. Enforcement.  Retention.  Restriction. 

Dispeople,  v.  tr.    See  People. 
Disperse,  v.   ad.    and    neut. 
See   Or-  i  ^^•V'("''9^^s,  sjmrgere,  sparsits.     To 
I  scatter. 

Stn.  Dispel.    Scatter.    Disseminate.  Se- 
parate.   Break  up.     Spread  abroad. 
-_  -r,  •,  1       ^''*'^-  Collect.    Summon.    Recal.  Gather. 

Disparage,    v.  tr.     Dis   and  Concentrate.   JNieet. 
par,  equal.    Comp.   Eng.   Peer,  j     Dispirit,  v.  tr.    Dis  and  spi- 
To    dishonour     by    comparison  i  ritus,  the  spirit,  from  spirare,  tc 
with  an  inferior ;  hence,  to  de-  j  breathe.    See  Encourage, 
predate  Displace,  v.  tr.    See  Place. 

Stn.    Depreciate.      Decry.      Underesii-  !  ' 

inate.  I  DlSPL.\NT,  V.  tr.     See  Plant. 

Ant.  E.xtol.    Laud.    Panegyrize.    Over-  I  tn  ,        t-,  •     ■, .  m 

estimate.    Kxaggerate.  DISPLAY,  V.  tr.    Dbsplicare.    To 

Disparate,    adj.      See    Dis-  ^^M*^-.,. 


parage. 

SiN.  Unequal.  DiEferent.  Ill-assorted. 
JU-matched. 

Ant.  Kqual.  Co-ordinate.  Well-assorted. 
^Veil-matched. 

DispASSiON,  n.    See  Passion. 
Dispatch,  i>.    Dispiiigere. 

Stn.  Expedite.  Send.  Accelerate. 
Hasten.  Execute.  Conclude.  (Used  also 
in  the  sense  of  K;.l.) 

Ant.  KeUrd  Detain.  Obstruct.  Im- 
pede. 

Dispel,  v.  tr.  Dis  and  jKUcrr, 
to  drive. 


Stn.  Show.  Exhibit.  Unfold.  Evi- 
dence.   Evince.    Flaunt.    Vaunt.     Kxpose. 

Ant.  Hide.  Conceal.  Dissemble.  Simu- 
late.   Suppress.    AVrap.    Cluke. 

DisPLE.\SE,  Displeased,  Dis- 
pleasure. See  Please  and  Plea- 
sure. 

Disport,  v.    See  Sport. 

Dispose,  v.  tr.  Disponere,  po- 
situs.  To  place  about  in  order. 
See  Arrange  and  luchne. 

Disposition,  n.  See  Dispose, 
Ari-ange,  and  Character. 


Srjnonyiiis  and  Antonyms. 


139 


Dispossess,  v.  tr.  See  Possess. 

DispEAiSE,  :;.     See  Praise. 

DisPREAD,  adj.     See  Si)read. 

DiSPKizE,  V.  tr.     See  Prize. 

Disprove,  v.,  Disproof,  n. 
See  Prove  and  Proof. 

Disproportion,  n.  See  Pro- 
portion. 

Disputant,  v.  Disjmtare,  to 
disfute. 

Syn.  Litiprant.    Competitor.    Claimant. 
Ant.  Partner.    Auxiliaiy.    Advocate. 

DisPtTTATiotJS,  adj.  See  Dis- 
putant. 

Stn.  Litigious.  Argumentative.  Can- 
tankerous.   Quarrelsome.    Querulous. 

Ant.  Conciliatory.  Unquarrelsorae.  In- 
querulous. 

Dispute,  v.  tr.  and  mt.  See 
Disputant. 

SvN.  Argue.  Question.  Canvass.  Con- 
test.   Contei.il.    Challenge. 

Ant.  AV'aive.    Concede.  Allow.   Forego. 

Disqualify,  v.  tr.  See  Qualify. 
Disquiet,  n.    See  Quiet. 
Disquietude,  n.    See  Quiet. 

Stn.  An.xiety.  Solicitude.  Uneasiness. 
Embarrassment.  Apprehension.  Agitation. 
Disturbance.    Commotion.     Dissatisfaction. 

Akt.  Peace.  Paciiic;Uion.  Assurance. 
Calmness.  Confidence.  Contentment.  Ac- 
quiescence. 

Disquisition,  «.  Disquirere. 
A  sifting  examination  of  a  sub- 
ject in  words. 

Stn.  Essay.  Treatise.  Discussion.  Dis- 
sertation. 

Ant.  Effusion.  Tirade.  Diatribe.  Rlio- 
Uomontade.    Blarney. 

Disregard,  n.    See  Eegard. 

DibRELisH,  n.     See  Relisli. 

Disreputable,  adj..  Disre- 
pute, n.     See  Eeputable. 

Disrespect,  n.    See  Eespect. 

Disrobe,  v.  tr.  See  Dis- 
mantle. 

Disruption,  v.  Disrumpere, 
riijjtus.    A  breaking  up. 


[        Snj.    Disintegration.     Discord.    Separa- 
tion.   A  lionation.    Hostility. 

Ant.  Union.  Amalgamation.  Kecon- 
ciliation. 

Dissatisfaction,  n.  See  Satis- 
faction. 

Dissect,  v.  tr.  Dissecare,  jxirt. 
sect /IS.  Comp.  Section.  To  cut 
up  into  pieces,  with  the  imiDlied 
object  of  investigation. 

Stn.  Anatomize.  Scrutinize.  Investi- 
gate. 

Ant.  Grasp.  Comprehend.  Slur.  Skim. 
Unite.  Integrate.  Oiganize.  Compound 
Collocate.    Conjoin.    Confound. 

Dissemble,  v.  tr.  Dissimidare. 
To  conceal,  as  Simulate  is  to  as- 
sume a  charactei'  or  feelings. 

Stn.  Disguise.  Conceal.  Repress 
Smother.    Restrain.    Cloke. 

Ant.  Exhibit.  Manifest.  Protrude 
Vaunt.  Pretend.  Simulate.  Feign.  As- 
sume.   Expose.    Profess.    Proclaim. 

Dissembler,  n.  See  Dis- 
semble. 

Syn.  Feigner.  Hypocrite.  Disguiser. 
Suppressor.     Concealer. 

Ant.  E.\hibitor.  Vaunter.  I'retender. 
Simulator. 

Disseminate,  v.  tr.  Dis  and 
semen,  seed.  To  throw  about 
like  seed,  in  order  that  it  may 
take  root. 

SrN.  Spread.  Propagate.  Preach.  Pro- 
claim.    I'ublish.     Promulgate. 

Ant.  Repress.  Suppress.  Stifle.  Dis- 
countenance.   Extirpate.    Eradicate. 

Dissent, 
and  Consent. 

Dissent,  n.     See  verb. 

Dissertation,    n.     Bis   and 

serere,  to  lueove,  sertum,  a  ivreath. 
A  woven,  that  is,  carefully  pre- 
pared discourse  on  a  given  sub- 
ject.    See  Disquisition. 

Disservice,  n.    See  Service. 
Dissever,  v.  tr.    See  Sever. 
DissiDENXE,  t>.     Dissidere.    To 
i  sit  apart  or  diftur.    See  Agree. 


int.    See  Assent 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 


140 


DissiLiENCB,  n.  Dis  and 
salire,  to  leap.  A  tendency  to 
jump  apart,  from  physical  or 
moral  repugnance. 

Stk.  Avoidance.  Repulsion.  Aversion. 
Dislike.    Interrepugnance.    Antipathy. 

Ant.  Approach.  Attraction.  Appetency. 
Desire.    Affection.    Sympathy.    Interest. 

Dissimilar,  adj.     See  Similar. 

Dissimilitude,  n.  See  Simili- 
tude. 

Dissimulate,  v.  tr.  See  Dis- 
semble. 

Dissipate,  v.  tr.  Dissipare, 
from  an  obsolete  verb,  sipare,  or 
supare,  to  throw.  To  throw 
about. 

Syit.  Scatter.    Squander. 
Akt.  Collect,    Hoard. 

Dissocial,  adj.    See  Social. 

DissociATB,  V.  tr.,  Dissocia- 
tion, n.  See  Associate  and  Sever. 

Dissolute,  adj.  Solutus. 
Loosed  from  restraint. 

Sto,  Abandoned.  Profligate.  Loose. 
Licentious. 

Akt.  UpriRlit.  Conscientious.  Strict. 
Sell-controUed.    Correct. 

Dissoluteness,  n.  See  Disso- 
lute. 

DISSOLUTION,?;.  See  Dissolute. 
The  natural  decay  and  decom- 
position of  bodies.  See  Decom- 
position, 

Dissolve,  v.  tr,  Dissolvere. 
To  melt.  See  Melt  and  Consoli- 
date. 

Dissonance,  «.  Dis  and  sonnt;, 
a  sound.    See  Consonance. 

Dissuade,  v.  tr.  See  Persuade. 

Distance,  n,  Bistantia,  dis- 
tare,  to  stand  apart. 

Stn.  Interval.  Removal.  Separation. 
Inlerspiue.    Ucmotenes.'*.    Absence. 

AKT.  I'roximity.  Nearness.  Adjacency. 
OentiRuity.  Neighbourhood.  Propiuciuiiy. 
Loulact.    I'restnce. 


Distant,  adj.    See  Distance. 

Stu.  Far.  Remote.  Ajjcf.  Apart 
Asunder. 

Ant.  Close.  Near.  Adjacent.  Cor« 
tiguous. 

Distaste,  n.     See  Taste. 

Distasteful,  adj.    See  Taste. 

Distemper,  «.  Dis  and  tem- 
perure,  to  moderate.  An  irre- 
gular or  disordered  state  of  body. 
It  has  also  the  peculiar  meaning 
of  fresco  colouring. 

Syn.  Disorder.    Disease.    Ailment. 
Ant.  Health.    Sanity.    Vigour.    Conva- 
lescence. 

Distend,  v.  tr.  Distendere, 
To  stretch.    See  Dilate. 

Distil,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Dis- 
tilhire,  stilla,  a  drop. 

Syn.  Drop.    Emanate.    Drip.  ;Percolate. 

Am.  Absorb.  Condense.  Retain.  Suck. 
Hold. 

Distinct,  adj.  See  Distin- 
guish. 

Stn.  Separate.  Independent.  Uncon- 
nected. Detached.  Disjoined.  Clear.  Con- 
spicuous.    Plain.     Perspicuous. 

Ant.  United.  Consolidated.  Conjoined. 
One.    Obscure.    Dim.  Confused.  Indistinct. 

Distinction,  n.  See  Distin- 
guish. 

,Stn.  Difference.  Separation.  Dignity. 
Eminence. 

Ant.  Unity.  Identity.  Debasement. 
Insignificance.    Degradation. 

Distinctness,  n.  Sec  Distin- 
guish. 

Stn.  Clearness.  Plainness.  Conspicuous- 
ness.    Perspicuity. 

Ant.  Confusion.  Indistinctness.  Hazi- 
ness. 

Distinguish,  v.  tr.  Disfin- 
guere,  stinctus,  to  distiinjuish. 

Syn.  Discern.  Descry.  Discover.  Sepa- 
rate.   Divide.     Dissimilate.    Differentiate 

Ant.  ]iliss.  Overlook.  Confound.  Con- 
fuse. 

Distinguishable,  adj.  See 
Distinguish. 

Distortion,  «.  Disto.-guere, 
distortits.  To  twist  out  of  shape. 
See  Detortion  and  Perversion. 


Si/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


141 


DiSTEACT,  V.  ii\  Didrahere, 
iractus.  To  draw  iu  different 
directions.  Commouly  used 
metaphorically  of  the  senses  or 
mind. 

SrN.  Divide.  Dissipate.  Dissever.  Dis- 
concert. Discompose.  Perplex.  Bewilder. 
Convulse. 

Ant.  Unite.    Fix.    Concentrate.  Collect. 

Compose. 

Distraction,  n.    See  Distract. 

Stn.  Inattention.    Madness.    Absence. 
Ant.  Attention.    Composure. 

Distress,  v.  tr.  Distrinijere. 
To  pull  or  pluck  different  ways. 

Si'x.  Harass.  Embarrass.  Trouble. 
Grieve.  Annoj-.  Vex.  Mortify.  Afflict. 
AVorrv. 


Distress,  n.    See  verb. 

Distribute,  v.  tr.  Distribuere, 
tributus,  to  distribute.  See  Dis- 
pense. 

Distrust,  n.    See  Trust. 

Disturb,  v.  tr.  Bisturbnre, 
tiirba,  a  croivd.  Comp.  Turbu- 
lent. 

Srx.  Derange.  Discompose.  Disorder. 
Confuse.  Rouse.  Agitate.  Annoy.  Trouble, 
interrupt.  Incommode.  Worry.  Vex. 
-Molest.    Disquiet. 

Ant.  Order.  Collocate.  Arrange.  Pacify. 
Sftothe.    Quiet.    Compose.    Leave. 

Disunion,  n.    See  Union. 

Disuse,  n.  Sea  Use  and  De- 
suetude. 

Divarication,  n.  Dis  and 
varus,  bow-lef/gcd. 

SvN.  Deviation.  Divergence.  Digres- 
sion.   Diversion. 


Diversion,  n.  T>is  and  vertere. 
A  turning  away  from  a  given 
line  of  movement  or  occupation, 
especially  for  amusement's  sake. 

Syx.  Detour.  Divergence.  Deviation. 
Recreation.    Amusement.    Pastime. 

Ant.  Continuity.  Directness.  Pro- 
cedure. Business.  Task.  Work.  Study. 
labour.    Avocation. 


Diversify,  v.  tr.  T'iversm, 
different,  and  facere,  to  make. 

"SrN.  Vary.  Alter.  Change,  Modify 
Variegate. 

Ant.  Conserve.  Prosecute.  Stabilitate. 
Settle.  Fix.  Stereotype.  Crystallize.  Arrest. 

Diversity,  n.    See  Diversify. 

Sin.  Difference.  Dissimilarity.  Varia- 
tion. Multiformity.  Heterogeneousnesoi 
Dissonance. 

Ant.  Similarity.  Ident-ty.  Uniformity 
Homogeneousness.  Co-ordination.  Coinci- 
dence.   Consonance. 

Divert,  v.  tr.    See  Diversion. 

Syn.  Alter.    Change.    Deflect.  Alienate. 
Ant.    Continue.      Prosecute.      Prolong. 
Produce.    Restrict.    Confine. 

Divest,  ','.  tr.  Bis  and  vestire, 
vest  is,  to  clothe.  Comp.  Vest, 
Vestment,  and  Vesture.  Used 
literally  and  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Dismantle.  Denude.  Strip.  Dis- 
robe.   Unclothe.     Disencumber.    Deprive. 

Ant.  Clothe.  I!obe.  Invest.  Shroud. 
Envelope.    Encumber.    Indue. 

Divide,  v.  tr.  Dividere.  To 
separate  into  two  or  more  equal 
or  unequal  part.s. 

Syn.  Separate.  Dissect.  Bisect.  Por- 
tion.    Part.     Divorce.  Segregate.    Multiply. 

Ant.  Unite.  Collocate.  Classify.  Con- 
vene. Congregate.  Conglomerate.  Con- 
glutinate.  Commingle.  Join.  Consociate. 
Co-ordinate. 

Divination,  n.  Divinus,  di- 
vine. To  foretell  the  future  by 
the  aid  of  things  considered  di- 
vine, such  as  auguries,  &c.,  or  to 
arrive  at  knowledge  by  such 
means. 

Srif.  Prediction.  Sorcery.  Magic.  Witch- 
craft.   Augury.    Omens. 

Ant.  Instruction.  Information.  Study. 
Investigation.    Learning. 

Division,  n.    See  Divide. 

Divorce,  v.  tr.  Vivortium, 
from  divertere.  To  tear  away  or 
alienate  from  a  certain  connec- 
tion or  use. 

oTJf.  Sep.irate.  Disconnect  Dissever 
Divert.    Alienate. 

Ast.  Conjoin.  Unite.  Connect  Apply. 
Reconcile.    IJeunite. 


DlVORCB,  n.     See  verb. 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyms. 


142 


DiTULGE,  V.  tr.  Bis  and  viilgus, 
the  people.  To  make  matter  of 
public  knowledge.  By  usage 
employed,  not  as  promulge,  but 
of  something  which  had  been 
hitherto  kept  secret.  See  Con- 
ceal. 

Do,  V.  tr.  and  int.  Saxon.  In 
the  sense  of  fare. 

Six.  Work.  Act.  Enact  Perform. 
Produce.     Complete. 

Ant.  Undo.    Mar.    Neglect.    Omit. 

Docile,  adj.  Vocilis,  dvcere,  to 
teach.  Easily  taught  or  per- 
Euaded. 

Syn.  Compliant.  Amenable.  Tractable. 
Teachable.    Tame. 

Ant.  Intractable.  Stubborn.  Obstinate. 
Self-willed.    Dogged. 

Dock.     Der.  uncertain. 

Syn.  Curtail.    Lop.    Abbreviate.  Pnme. 
Ant.  Grow.     Elongate.     Nourisb.    Pro- 
long.   Train.    Coax. 

DncKED,  adj.     See  Dock. 
Doctrinal,  adj.  See  Doctrine. 

Syn.  Didactic.  Catechetical.  Theo- 
logical. 

^\j»T.  Practical.    Operative. 

DoCTEINE,  n.  Poctrina,  docere, 
to  teach.  Something  systemati- 
cally held  or  taught  as  true. 

Stn.  Tenet.  Article.  Belief.  Creed. 
Doema.    Teaching. 

Ant.  Practice.  Operation.  Duty.  Con- 
duct.   Action. 

Dodge,  v.  Possibly  a  form  of 
to  dog,  as,  to  dog  the  steps.  See 
Baffle. 

Dodge,  n.  See  verb  and  Arti- 
fice. 

Doer,  v.    See  Do. 

Syn.  Agent.  Actor.  Performer.  Origi- 
nator.   Perpetrator.    JIaker. 

Ant.  Undoer.  Preventer.  Hinderer. 
Baffler.    Neulralizer.    Marrer. 

Dog,  v.  tr.  From  the  habit  of 
a  dog  to  follow. 

Syn.  Follow.  Trace.  Track.  Pursue. 
Haunt. 

Akt.    Elndo.    Baflle.     Avoid.     Escape. 


Dogged,  adj.     See  a1x)Vo. 

Syn.  Obstinate.  Morose.  Sullen.  ln> 
practicable.     Prejudiced. 

Ant.  Docile.  Genial.  Agreeable.  Con- 
ciliatoiy.  Easy.  Indulgent.  Liberal  Com- 
plaisant. 

Dogma.  AoKflv,  to  seem  Jit. 
That  which  has  seemed  fit  to 
authorities  to  propound  as  truth. 
See  Doctrine. 

Dogmatic,  adj.  See  Dogma. 
Used  to  express  not  only  the 
promulgation  of  doctrine  or 
dogma,  but  the  imperious  way 
of  doing  it. 

Syn.  Doctrinal.  Theological.  Imperious. 
Dictatorial.     Self-opinioned.     Positive. 

Ant.  Practical  Active.  Moderate. 
Modest.    Diffident.    Vacillating. 

Dole,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with  Deal. 
Used  sometimes  of  scanty  dis- 
tribution in  particular. 

Syn.  Deal.    Distribute.    Dispense.   Eke. 
Ant.  Withhold.     Refuse.     Pour    forth 
Lavish. 

Dole,  n.     See  verh. 

Stn.  Pittance.    Alms.    Charity. 

Akt.  Profusion.    Bounty.    Benefaction. 

DoLEFUi,,  adj.  Dole,  from 
dolere,  to  qrieve. 

Syn.  Dolorous.  Rueful.  Woebegone. 
Dismal. 

Ant.  Slerry.  Joyful.  Gay.  BUtbe. 
Beaming. 

Dolorous,  adj.    See  Doleful. 
Dolt,  n.     Sax. 

Syn.  Numskull.     Ignoramus.      Dunce 

Dullard.  Ass. 

Ant.  Savant.      Genius.       Philosopher. 

Scholar.  Luminary. 

Doltish,  adj.    Sec  Dolt. 

Stn.  Stolid.  Jolterheuded.  Thick- 
skulled. 

Ant.  Quick.  .Sharp.  Acute.  Long- 
headed. 

Domain,  ».  Lat.  dominio, 
domimis.  Comp.  Dominion.  An 
estate  of  a  lortl  of  the  soil. 

Siw.  Estate.  Lordship.  Territory.  In- 
closure. 

Akt.  Waste.    Wildernes*.     Wild. 

DoKESTIO,    adj.       Domus,     u 


Sijnonmns  and  Antonyms. 


143 


house.    Attached  to  liome  or  a 
house. 

SrK.  Domiciliary.    Private. 
Akt.  Foreign.    Public. 

Domesticate,  v.  tr.  See  Do- 
mestication. 

Domestication,  ??.     See  Do- 
mestic.     The    settlement  in 
home;  or,  actively,  the  placing 
in  a  home. 

Syn.  Settlement.  Colonization.  Locali- 
zation.   Taming. 

Ant.  Dissettlement.  Displacement.  Dls- 
lodgment.  Ejection.  Deportation.  Exile. 
Dispeoplement. 

Domicile,  «.  Domus,  n  house, 
domicilium.  A  place  of  settle- 
ment or  residence. 

Stn.  Residence.  Abode.  Settlement. 
Home. 

Ant.  Estrangement.  Migration.  Home- 
Icssness.  Houselessness.  Wilderness.  Wild. 
"World. 

Domiciliary,  adj.    See  Domi- 
cile and  Domestic. 
Dominance,  n.     See  Domain. 

Stn.  Lordship.  Slastery.  Superiority. 
Preponderarjce.    I'revalence. 

Ant.  Inferiority.  Subjection.  Servi- 
tude.   Weakness.    Inprevalence.    Minority. 

Dominant,  adj.  See  Domi- 
nance. 

Domination,  n.  See  Domi- 
nance. The  manifestation  of 
dominance. 

Domineer,  v.  int.  See  Domi- 
nance. Followed  by  over,  and 
referring  to  persons. 

Stn.  Lord.  Tyrannize.   Assume.  Usurp. 
Ant.  Submit.    Succumb.    Defer.   Yield. 
Bow.     Patronize. 

Dominion,  n.  See  Domain. 
Used  for  the  power,  exercise,  and 
possession  of  lordship. 

Syn.  Power.  Authority.  Rule.  Tyranny. 
Despotism.  Government.  Control.  Empire. 
Territory.    Jurisdiction. 

Ant.  Weakness.  Submission.  Subjuga- 
tion.    Inferiority.    .Servitude. 

Don,  v.  tr.    Do  on. 

Stn.  Assume.    Wear. 
AST.  Doff.    Cast. 


Donation,  ».  Douarr,  to  giue. 
See  Presentation  and  Gift. 

Doom,  «.  From  deem,  to 
judge.  The  passing  of  judgment. 
The  judgment  or  fate  that  awaits 
one,  with  an  implied  unfavour- 
able or  condemnatory  issue. 

Stn.  Judgment.  Fate.  Sentence.  Ver- 
dict.    Condemnation. 

Ant.  Liberation.  Respite.  Escape. 
Pardon.    Acquittal.     Approval. 

Dormant,  adj.  Dorm  ire,  to 
sleep. 

Stn.  Sleeping.  Slumbering.  Latent. 
Undeveloped.    Quiescent.    Inert. 

Ant.  Vigilant.  Wakeful.  Active.  Opera- 
tive.    Developed.    Energetic. 

Dotage,  n.  Dote,  written  also 
Doat.     Dutch,  dutten. 

Stn.  Imbecility.  Senility.  Fa(;;lty 
Dementedness. 

Ant.  Intelligence.  Acuteness.  Judg- 
ment.   Penetration.    Vigour. 

Doubt,  v.  Duhietas,  dnbius, 
duo,  two.  Uncertainty  of  judg- 
ment ;  that  is,  as  to  the  negative 
or  affirmative  proposition.  It 
applies  both  to  the  feeling  of 
doubt  and  the  matter  of  doubt. 

Stn.  Dubiousness.  Dubitation.  Uncer- 
tainty.    Ambiguity.     Difficulty.   Indecision. 

Ant.  Certainty.  Clearness.  Precision. 
Determination.  JJecision.  Conviction. 
Satisfaction. 

Doubt,  ?>.     See  noun. 

Syn.  Dubitate.      Hesitate.      Vacillate. 

Waver.  Demur. 

Ant.  Decide.      Determine.      Resolve. 

Assent. 

Doubtful,  adj.    See  Doubt, 
Doubtless,  adv.    See  Doubt. 

Stn.  Certainly.  Clearly.  Precisely.  In- 
disputably. 

Ant.  Perhaps.    Probably.    Possibly. 

Doughty,  adj.  Sax.  dohtic/. 
Brave  or  useful.  Seldom  now 
used  but  in  burlesque. 

Stn.  Redoubted,    liedoubtable. 
Ant.  Craven.    Puny. 

Dowdy,  adj.  Prov.  Eng.  dowd, 
flat.    Conn,  probably  with  Defsd. 


Synonyms  and  Antony  ns. 


144 


Sin.  ImU.  Shabby.  Common.  Plain. 
Homely.    Dingy.    Scrubby. 

Ant.  Stylish.  Dressy.  Gay.  Modish. 
Gorgeous.    Dandified.    Tawdry. 

Downfall,  n.    See  Fall. 

DowNKiGHT,  adj.  See  Abso- 
lute. 

Downwards,  adv.  Down.  Sax. 
dune.  Comp.  English  Downs, 
undulating  declivities. 

Stn.  Below.     Beneath.    Adown. 
AsT.  Upwards.    Aloft. 

Deaft,  V,  From  trahere, 
to  dmio.     A  tiling  drawn. 

Stn.      Copy.       Transfer.       Transcript. 
Sketch.    Abstract.    Order.    Check. 
Ant.  Original.    Deed.    Cash. 
DbAFT,  v.     See  vonn. 
Stn.  Draw.     Drain.    Exhaust. 
Ant.  Supply.    Replenish.    Import. 

Drag.     See  Draft. 

Syn.  Draw.    Pull.    Haul. 
Ant.    Carry.     Convey.     Push.     I'ropel. 
Raise.    Heave. 

Deaik,  act.  and  nent.  Saxon. 
To  draw  oflf  or  di'op  away  by 
slow  degrees. 

Stn.  Draw.  Strain.  Drip.  Percolate. 
Drop.    Exhaust.    Empty.    Dry. 

Ant.  Replenish.  Kill.  Supply.  Pour. 
Moisten.  Drown.  Inundate.  Drench. 
SwilI. 

Draught,  n.  Trahere,  to  draw, 
whence  draw.  See  Drag.  A 
word  of  many  applications. 

Syn.  Drink.    Traction.     Breeze.    Check. 
Ant.    Drought.     Burden.     Non-ventila- 
tion.   Deposit. 

Draw,  v.  tr.     See  Drag. 

Stn.  Drag.    Pull.    Attract.    Induce. 
Ant.    Push.     Carry.     Propel.     Throw. 
Kepel.    Drive.    Compel.    Impel.    Thrust. 

Drawback,  ??.  See  Detriment. 

Drawl,  v.  int.  Dutch,  dralen, 
to  linger.  To  speak  with  a 
tedious  mode  of  utterance  from 


want  of  interest  or  from  aflfecta-  I  ^^^^ 


SvN.  Fear.  Shuddering.  Terror.  Horroc 
Alarm.     Intimidation. 

Ant.  Courage.  Confidence.  Welcome 
Assurance. 

Dreadful,  adj.    See  Dread. 

Stn.  Fearful.  Terrific.  Horrible, 
Alarming.    Awful. 

Ant.  Encouraging.  Inspiritiug.  As- 
suring.   Promising.    Hopeful. 

Dream,  n.      Probably  conn, 

with   dor  mire,    to    sleep.  Used 

analogously  in  the  wider  sense 
of  the  following — 

Stn.  Trance.  Vision.  Fancy.  Reverie 
Hallucination.    Romance. 

Ant.  Fact.  Reality.  Substance.  Verity 
Realization. 

Dreamy,  adj.    See  Dream. 

Stn.  Fanciful.  Visionai-y.  Speculative. 
Abstracted.    Absent.    Foggy. 

Ant.  Collected.  Earnest.  Attentive. 
Awake.    Active.    Energetic.    Practical. 

Dreart,  adj.     Germ,  traurig, 
sad.     See  Dismal. 
Dregs,  n.    Germ,  dreck,  dirt. 

Sm.  Refuse.  Sediment.  Offal.  Lees. 
Offscouring.    Dross.    Trash. 

Ant.  Cream.  Flower.  Pink.  Pickings. 
Bouquet.    Sample. 

Drench,  v.  tr.  Conn,  ■ndth 
Drink. 

Syn.  Wash.  Inundate.  Soak.  Shower. 
Drown. 

Ant.  Drain.  Strain.  Sponge.  Mop. 
Dry.    Exsiccate. 

Drenched,  adj.     See  Drench. 

Dress,  n.  Fr.  dresser.  It- 
drizzare,  to  make  straight.  Comp. 
Direct  and  Address. 

Syn.  Garniture.  Preparation.  Arrange- 
ment. Clothing.  Habiliments.  Accoutre- 
ments.  Vestments.  Uniform.  Livery. 
Costume.    Garb.    Investiture. 

Ant.  Nudity.  IH.'iorder.  Disarrange- 
ment.   Undress.    Deshabille. 

Driblet,  ».  Dribble.  Conn, 
with  Drip  and  Drop.  A  scanty 
instalment  of  a  fortlicoming  por- 


tion. 

Stn.  Drag.    Lajr.    Drone. 
Ant.  Gabble.    Rattle.    Prattle. 


Stn.    Drop.    Dole.    Instalment.     Scrap 
Morsel.    Bit.    Particle. 

Akt.  Total.  ^Vbole.    Aggregate.    Mass 


Dread,  n.      Sax.   drcxdan,  tc,  \  B-iy-   Bulk.   Entirety,   sum. 
I  car  greatly.  1      Drift,  y.  m^.    Bax.  drif.    Ex- 


Synonyms  and  Antomjms. 


presses  the  process  of  nuiform 
motion,  but  not  the  effect  of 
volition. 

Stn.  Drive.  Bear.  Wander.  Edge. 
Float. 

Ant.  Steer.  Speed.  Course.  Make. 
Aim. 

Drift,  n.  See  verb.  Used 
metaphorically, 

Stn.  Tendency.  Direction.  Motion, 
lenour.  Meaning.  Purport.  Object.  In- 
tention. Purpose.  Scope.  Aim.  Result. 
Issue.    Inference.    Conclusion.    End. 

Ant.  Aimlessness.  Pointlessness.  Vague- 
ness. Unmeaningness.  Indefiniteness.  Con- 
fuseriness.    Aberrancy. 

Drill,  v.  tr.  Sax.  Conn, 
■with  Through  and  Thrill.  To 
pierce  a  hole  or  run  a  groove; 
from  the  latter,  to  arrange  in 
lines  for  exercise. 

Syn.  Teach.  Exercise.  Train.  Ordi- 
nate.   Discipline. 

Ant.  Confuse.  Disarrange.  Disorder. 
Misinstruct.    Miseducate.    Dishabituate. 

Dkink,  V.  tr.     Sax.  drincan. 

Stn.  Imbibe.  Swallow.  Absorb.  Drain. 
Draught. 

Ant.  Disgorge.  Replenish.  Pour. 
Exude.    Water.    Moisten. 

Drip.     Sax.  dripan. 

Stn.  Drop.    Ooze.    PercuUite. 
Ant.  Imbibe.    Swallow.    Absorb.  Suck. 
Dry.    Retain.    Hold. 

Drive.     Sax.  drifan. 

Stn.  See  Draw. 

^  Drivel,  ».  Form  of  Dribble. 
Saliva  flowing  from  the  mouth, 
as  in  dotage  or  idiotcy.  Applied 
to  fatuitous  speech. 

Syn.  Fatuity.  Nonsense.  Trifling. 
Snivel.    Babble. 

Ant.  Soundness.  Coherence.  Substance. 
Solidity. 

Driveller,  n.    See  Drivel. 

Stn.  Idiot.    Babbler.     Dotard. 
Ant.      Speaker.     Debater.      Lo£lclan. 
Drator. 

Droll,  adj.  Fr.  drok,  a  short 
fat  man.  One  whimsically 
punchy. 

Stn.  \Vhimsical.  Comical.  Funny. 
Comic,    fantastic.     Farcical. 

Ant.  Sad.  Lamentable.  Tragic.  Lu- 
gubrious.   Funereal. 


145 


Drollery,  n.     See  Droll. 

Stn.  Fun.  Whittiiiality.  Comicality 
Trickery.    Buffoonery. 

Ant.  Gravity.  Dismality.  Ruefulness 
Priggishness.    Starch.    Lugubriousness. 

Drone,  v.  int.    See  Drawl. 
Droop,  v.  tr.  and  int.    Scand. 

Stn.  Sink.  Flag.  Decline.  Pine.  Laii. 
gui.*h.    Drop.    Bend.    Incurve. 

Ant.  Revive.  Flourish.  Luxuriate 
Prosper.    Rally.    Raise. 

Drop,  v.  int.  Comi.  with  Drij) 
and  Droop. 

Stn.  Ooze.  Emanate.  Distil.  Percolate. 
Fall.    Decline.    Descend;    Faint.    Droop. 

Ant.  Evaporate.  Rally.  Rise.  Soar. 
Ascend.    Recover. 

Dross.  A.  Sax.  dreosan,  to  fall. 
That  which  falls  away,  as  the 
refuse.     Comp.  Trash. 

Stn.  See  Cream. 

Drought,  n.  Spelt  also 
Drotith.     Conn,  with  Dry. 

Stn.  Dryness.  Aridity.  Parching. 
Thirst. 

Ant.  Moisture.  Refreshment.  Dew. 
Deluge.  Slaking.  Quenching.  Watering. 
Irrigation. 

Drown.  Sax.  Conn,  with 
Drink  and  Drench. 

Stn.  Sink.  Immerse.  Sw.inip.  Sub- 
merge. 

Ant.  Dry.  Drain.  E.^pose.  Air.  Venli- 
lats. 

Drowsy.   Sax.  drusian,  to  fall. 


Ant.  Light.    Vigilant.    Alert.    Awake. 

Drudge.  Conn,  with  Drag. 
To  drag  through  low  or  menial 
work,  or  any  work  with  chffi- 
culty. 

Stn.  Slave.    Labour.    Plod. 
Ant.  Bask.    Luxuriate.    Hit  off.     ri:\y. 
Dally. 

Drug.  Conn,  with  Dry.  A 
dried  substance  for  medicine, 
Metaphorically,  a  valueless  thing, 
like  a  dead  leaf.     See  Cipher. 

Dry,  v.     Sax.  drygan. 

Stn.  Drain.     Parch. 

Ant.  Drench.    Moisten.    Wet. 


Synomjms  and  Antonyms, 


146 

Dry,   adj.      See    verb.      Used        Dullabd,   n. 
also  metaphorically,  as,  wanting    Blockhead, 
life  or  interest. 

Sin.  Arid.  Parched.  Moisturcless. 
Juiceless.  Lifeless.  Dull.  Tediuus.  Un- 
inieiesling.     Monotonous. 

Ant.  Moist.  Fresh.  Juicy.  Lively. 
Entertaining. 

It  has  also  the  peculiar  sense 
of  humorous.     'See  Humour. 

Dubious,  adj.,  Dubitation,  ». 
See  Doubt. 

Ductile,  adj.  Dudills,  from 
duco,  to  had  or  draw.  Physically, 
that  may  be  easily  dra^Ti  out; 
morally/one  who  may  be  easily 
persuaded. 

Syn.  ;Malleable.  Extensible.  TractUe. 
Tractable.    Docile.    Irresolute.    Ductile. 

Ant.  Inelastic.  Inflexible.  Tough. 
Obdurate.    Resolute.    Firm.    Obstinate. 

Dudgeon,  n.  Welsh,  dygen, 
anger. 

SvN.  Indignation.  Spleen.  Resentment. 
Umbrage. 

Ant.  Complacency.  Contentment. 
Serenity.    Satisfaction. 

Due,  adj.      DeUtus,  dehere,  to 

owe. 

Si-N.  Owing.  AttribuUble.  Just.  Fair. 
Proper.    Obligatory. 

Ant.  Irrelative.  Unattributable.  Inde- 
pendent. Undue.  Unfair.  Improper.  Ex- 
travagant.   Deficient. 

Dulcet,  adj.  Dtdcis,  sweet. 
Especially  used  of  sound. 

SvN.  Sweet.  Soothing.  Melodious. 
Soft.    Warbling.    Euphonious. 

Ant.  Harsh.  Grating.  Discordant. 
Noisy.  Clamorous.  Dissonant.  Rancour. 
Cacopbonous. 

Dulcify,  v.,  Dulcorate,  v. 
See  Sweeten. 

Dull,  adj.     Sax.   doJ,  foolinh. 
Comp.  Dolt.    Used  first  of  the  | 
mind,  and  thence  transferred  to 
sensible  objects. 

Syn.  stupid.  Stolid.  Doltish.  Insen- 
sible. Callous.  Heavy.  Gloomy.  Dismal. 
Cloudy.  Turbid.  Opaque.  Dowdy.  Com- 
monpiacp.    Dead.    Matt. 

A«T.  Sharp.  Clever.  Lively.  Ani- 
nwtcd.  Sensible.  Cheerful.  Exhilarating. 
Bri^t.  Transparent.  BrlUiaat.    BurnisheU. 


See  Dull  and 


Dumbfoundeb,  v.  tr  Sax. 
dumh,  and  founder,  to  sinJc,  from 
fundus,  the  deep.  Comp.  Pro- 
found. To  sink  into  speecliles.s 
astonishment.     *S'ee  Astonish. 

Dunce,  n.  From  Duns  Scotus, 
a  learned  schoolman,  whose 
name  became  a  byword  when 
scholastic  learning  fell  into  dis- 
repute. 

Stn.  See  Blockhead. 

Dupe,  n.  Fr.  dupe,  a  foolish 
bird.  Comp.  Gull  and  Booby. 
To  cheat,     ^'ee  Cheat. 

Duplicity,  n.  Duplex,  douhle. 
Double-dealmg.     See  Artful. 

Durable,  adj.  Durare,  to  last ; 
durus,  hard. 

Syn.  Lasting.  Permanent.  Stable.  Per- 
sistent. 

AST.  Evanescent,  Transient,  Imper- 
manent.   Unstable. 

Durance,  n.    See  Endure. 

Syn.  Confinement.  Incarceration.  Im- 
prisonment. 

Ant.  Liberty.    Largc^ness. 

Duration,  n.  See  Durable. 
Apphed  to  time,  to  express  a 
portion  of  it,  in  reference  to  an 
event  or  series  of  events. 

Syn.  Period.  Continuance.  Term. 
Space.    Protraction.    Prolongation. 

Ant.  Momentariness.  Instantaneous- 
ness.    Infinity.    Eternity. 

During.  Used  as  a  ^jz-ej).  See 
Durable. 

Syn.  Pending.    Throughout. 
Ant.    Barring.     Excluding.      Omitting. 
E.\cepting. 

Dutiful,  adj.  Ready  to  per- 
form acts,  as  duteous  is  ready  to 
feel  the  sentiments,  duo  to 
others. 

SvN.  Obedient.  Submissive.  Docile. 
Deferential.     Duteous. 

Ant.  Disobedient.  Intractable.  Ke 
belUouu.    UnduiiluL 


Synonyms  and  Antony 


DxrtX,  7?.  Dihitas,  deberr,  to 
oj-f.  That  which  is  owed  on 
gromids  of  moral  obligation. 

SvK.  Obligation.  J'art.  Business.  Re- 
sponsibility. Allegiance.  Function.  Office. 
Province.    Calling.    Trust.    Commission. 

Ant.  Freedom.  Exemption.  Immunity. 
Licence.  Dispensation.  Desertion.  Dere- 
liction. 

The  word  is  used  in  the  tech- 
nical senses  of  tax,  or  what  is 
due  to  the  Crown,  and  ritual,  as 
due  from  the  clergy  or  the  mili- 
tary, &c. 

Dwarf,  v.  tr.  Low  Germ. 
dwarf. 

Srx.  Lower.    Stunt.    Depress. 
Ant.  Heighten.    Elevate.    Itaise. 

Dwarf,  n.     See  verb. 

Sys.  Pigmy.    Imp.    Abortion.    Puck. 

Ant.  Giant.    Hlonster.    Hercules. 

Dwell,  v.  int.  Scand.  Conn, 
with  Dull.  Implying  to  be  slow 
or  linger ;  thence,  to  tarry  as  in 
a  fixed  alx)cle. 

SvK.  Stop.  Stay.  Rest.  Linger.  Tarry. 
Live.    Reside.    Abide. 

Ant.  Move.  Travel.  Hasten.  Speed. 
Jligrate.    Wander.    Depart.    Flit.    Roam. 


Dweller,  n. 
Denizen. 

Dwelling,  ?/. 
Abode. 


See  Dwell  and 


See  Dwell  and 


rii^.  141 


Early,  ndj.  and  adv.  Comp. 
Ere  or  Ever.    In  advance  of  time. 

Stk.  Soon.  Betimes.  Forward.  Ma- 
tutinal.   Bffc.reliaiid. 

Ant.  Late.  Tardily.  Backward.  Ves- 
peniual.    Belated. 

Earn,  v.  tr.  Germ,  aran,  to 
plomjh.  Comp.  ear  of  wheat,  and 
earth  or  land  ploughed.  Sax. 
earnian. 

Stn.  Merit.  ■VVTn.  Gain.  Deserve.  Rea- 
lize. 

Ant.  Forfeit.  Forego.  Waste.  Lose. 
Spend.    Squander. 

Earnest,  adj.  Earn.  Conn, 
with  yearn. 

SiK.  Eager.  Serious.  Intent.  Deter- 
mined.   Strenuous.    Intent. 

Ant.  Indifferent.  Playful.  Idle.  De- 
sultory. Irresolute.  Unearuest.  Sportive. 
Jesting.    Flippant. 

Ease,  n.  Fr.  aise.  Is  used  of 
condition  or  circumstances  and 
efforts. 

SrN.  Comfort.  Enjoyment.  Rest.  Re- 
freshment. Quiet.  Contentment.  Satis- 
faction.   FaciUty.    Readiness. 

Ant.  Trouble.  Annoyance.  Vexation. 
Disquiet.    Difficulty.    Awkwardness. 

East,  adj.  See  Ease.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  foregoing  has  also 
the  sense  of  indulgent. 

SvN.  Quiet.  Comfortable.  Manageable. 
Indulgent.  Facile.  Lenient.  Unconcerned. 
Selfpossessed. 

Am.   Uneasy.    Disturbed.    Uneomfort- 


DWINDLE,  V.  int.     Sax,  dvinan    I  i^'^®-      difficult.      Unmanageable.      Hard 
fn  „/„^  '  Exactmg.    Anxious.     Awkward.    Enibar- 

CC/     1 1  lite.  ■   riccoH 


Sto.  Pine.  Waste.  Diminish.  Decrease, 
recline.    Melt. 

Ant.  Expand.  Enlarge.  Increase. 
i»row.    Flourish.     Augment.    Depelope. 


E. 


Eager.  From  Lat.  acer,  but  j 
unlike  acer,  applied  only  to  dis- 
position and  feelings,  not  phy- 
sical qualities. 

Sin.  Ardent.  Earnest.  Active.  In- 
terested.   Anxious.  Keen.    Hot. 

Ant.  Cool.  Indifferent.  Inactive.  Slug- 
gish.   Listless.    Unsolicitous.  Di.U. 


rassed. 

Ebb,  V.     Sax.  cUian,  to  ebb. 
Syn.  Retire.    Recede.    Decrease.    Sink. 
Decline.    Decay.     Wane. 

Ant.  Flow.    Increase.    Abound.    Swell. 

Ebbiett,  n.      Lat.     Ehridas, 
ebriiis,  sober. 

Syn.   Soberness.     Freshness.     Temper- 


ance. 

A  NT.    Inebriety, 
pulence. 


Intoxication.      Cra- 


Ebullition,  n.  FbuUire,  to 
boil  out.     Used  of  feeling. 

Syx.  Boiling.  Effervescence.  Outburst 
Paroxysm.    Eruption. 

Ant.  Cooling.  Refrigeration,  Subsi 
dence.    Composure. 

L2 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


148 

Eccentric,  adj.     Ex  and  cen-  ,  ment,  thence  management  ci  Jfe- 
..rGr..v/o.     The  centre   pen^ationg^ne^^^^^^^     ^ 
point  of  a  circle  or  circulation. '      '^™- 


V  ^.^^^^    --    _-  I  Dispensation,   "ku'le.     Arrangement. 

beviatine  from  a  fixed  and  ens-  j  tribution.   Husbanding 


Ee- 


l^evicttiug   ''^.^-^:rT'~    '.-^   I  —^i-  M;radministration.      Mismanage- 

ternary  line  of  conduct,  cnaracter,  I    ^^^^  ^^^^^^^     ^^^^^^^_    Disorder.    Pro- 
or  appearance.  \  digamy. 

Syn.  Peculiar.    Singular.    Idiosyncratic.;       j^cONOMIZE,  V.  f  r.  .'«'ee  EcOUOmy. 
Flighty.       Aberrant.       Abnormal.       Odd.  ^       ^r^^^lLnl    Develope.    Utilize. 
'"^  A^rkeS'^brdinary.    Customary.  I        Akt.  Waste.    Misuse.    Sacrifice. 
Xormal'.    Common.    Usual.    Unnoticeable.  ,       ECSTAST,W.  EK,o«^andcrTa(ny, 
Unremarkable.     "  I  ^^  standing.     A  standing  out  or 

Ecno,  n.  Gr.  ^x"'  ^''^^  ?22/mji/i  j  departui'e  from  the  ordinary  state 
of  sound  ;  fjxos,  sound.  Of  rever-  Qf  the  mind  under  conditions  of 
beration.    Used  metaphorically  !  peculiar  excitement. 

■nath   the    force  of  mechanical  or          Stk.    Puipture.      inspiration.     Fervour 
servile    repetition   of    the    Senti-    Ph^en^-  cTZet°   "indifference.    Dalne^. 
-     ■'  Weariness.   Tedium.  Bore.  Fidget.  Misery. 

Ecumenical,  adj.  OlKovfievt) 
(y^,  understood).  The  whole  m- 
habited  earth. 

Syn.  Catbolic.    Universal. 
Akt.  Partial.     National.    Private.    Do- 
mestic.    Local. 

Edible,  adj.      Edibilis,  edere, 

to  eat. 

Stn.    Esculent.    ^Vholesome.    Culinary. 

Ant!  Noxious.  Poisonous.  Deleterious 
Uneatable. 

Edifice,  n.  ^dificium,  adi- 
ficare,  to  build. 

Stn.  Structure.  Buil.iing.  Tenement 
Fatiric.  ^       ,.^.         „, 

Akt.  Ruin.  Heap.  Demolition.  Dis- 
mantlement. 

Edify,  v.  tr.  See  Edifice.  To 
build  up  in  an  opinion  or  know- 
ledge, and  so  instruct  and  im- 
T)rove. 

Syn    Enligbten.    Instruct.    Improve. 
Ant.  Misguide.    Mislead.    Misiiiform. 

Educate,  v.  tr.     Educare,  to 

bring  np.  .,,   .     ^       a 

Syn.  Instruct   Nurture.  Train.  Ground. 

School.     Initiate.  ,,.  .     ,       .       m;^ 

Akt.    Miseducate.      Misinstruct     Mis- 

nurture. 

Educe,  v.  tr.    Edv.ccre,  to  bring 

Stn  Draw.  Eliminate.  Produce.  Elicll 
AST.    Adduce.     Apply.     Insert.     !>•► 
posit.    Bestow. 


ments  of  others. 

Stn.    Reverberation.     Resonance, 
natition.    Imitation.    Answer. 

Ant.  Sound.  Voice.  Original.  Ques- 
tion.   Proposition.    Statement    Opinion. 

Eclectic.  'E/cX/yfiv,  to  choose. 
Given  to  choosing  rather  than  fol- 
lowing, and  that  from  all  soui'ces, 
with  a  simple  view  to  the  true 
and  right,  ii-respectively  of 
pai'ty-  „    ^ 

Syn.  Exceptive.    Selective.    Broad. 

Ant.  NaiTow.  Prejudiced.  Petty.  Par- 
tial. Intolerant  Biassed.  Warped.  Dog- 
matic. 

Eclipse,  n.  'EKXeiVeiv,  a  failure. 
As  in  the  sun  or  moon,  of  a  por- 
tion of  their  obscurated  aspect. 
Used  metaphorically  to  express 
the  overshadowing  of  superior 
excellence. 

Syn  Failure.  Obscuration.  Over- 
gbadowing.  Shading.  Diminution.  Out- 
shining.   Outdoing.    Outrivalling. 

Ant  Illumination.  ElTulgence.  Bright- 
ness. ReapiJoarance.  Lustre.  Reuowu. 
Reillumination.    Ee-effulgence.    Foil. 


Outdo. 

Enhance. 


Eclipse,  v.    See  noun. 

Syn.  Obscure.  Overshadow. 
Outshine.    Outvie.    Outrival. 

Ant.  Recommend.  Brighten. 
Illustrate.     Heighten. 

Economy,  n.  olKovofita,  okos, 
a  house,  and  vofios,  distribution, 
mannrjement.    Domestic  manage- 


Stinonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Efface,  '.•.  tr.  Lz  and  fades, 
a  face  or  appidrance.  To  do  away 
with  a  rei:)rcsentation,  colouring, 
or  delineation  npon  a  surface. 

Stn.  Erase.    Obliterate.    Expunge. 
Ant.   Restore.  Kevive.   Delineate.    Im- 
print.   Portray. 

Effect,  v.  tr.  Efficere,  to  effect. 
To  work  out  an  end  proposed. 

Stn.  Cause.  Produce.  Achieve.  Com- 
plete. 

Ant.  Prevent.  Obviate.  Frustrate. 
Mar. 

Effect,  n.  See  verb.  Used 
also  in  the  sense  of  the  striking 
or  efficient  ia  appearance. 

Effective,  adj.,  Effectual, 
adj..  Efficient,  adj.  See  Effect. 
Tending  to  produce  an  effect. 
The  three  words  are  somewhat 
differently  applied. 

Effective  refers  to  effect  in  the 
sense  of  impression  upon  the 
senses,  as  an  effective  i^icture. 
Effectual  is  practically  conducive 
to  bringing  about  a  specific  end, 
as  an  effectual  remedy.  Efficient, 
having  the  quality  of  effective- 
ness, ready  to  be  exerted  when- 
ever occasion  may  arise,  as,  an 
efficient  man. 

Stn.  Powerful.  Conducive.  Operative. 
Cogent.    Telling.    Able.    Talented. 

Ant.  Weak.  Ineffective.  Inconduclve. 
Inoperative.     Futile.     Nugatory. 

Effectuate,  v.  tr.    See  Effect. 

Stn.  Produce.  Ensure.  Secure.  Sta- 
allitate.    Comp.iss.    Complete.    Establisli. 

Ant.  Prevent  Hinder.  Nullify.  De- 
feat. Nip.  Blight.  Strangle.  Stifle. 
Abolish. 

Effeminate,  adj.  F(mi'na,a 
woman.  Having  acquired  the 
character  or  manner  of  a  woman. 

Stn.  Feminine.  Delicate.  Womanly. 
Womanish.  Unmanly.  Weak.  Enervated. 
Emasculated. 

The  epithet  is  commonly, 
though  not  always,  used  re- 
proachfully. In  that  case  it 
were  bettei   to  use  Effeminate 


149 

and  Womanish  of  men,  and  ap- 
ply to  women,  as  epithets  of  pro- 
priety. Feminine  and  Womanly. 

Ant.  Manly.  Robust.  Vigorous.  Hardy. 
Virile. 

Effervesce,  v.  int.  Fervescere, 
h'eq.  oi  fervere,  to  boil.  Strictly 
with  heat,  but  also  used  of  cold 
liquids,  as  the  words  boil  and 
seethe  are  used  of  the  foaming 
sea  or  the  bubbling  torrent.  It 
is  also  used  metaphorically  of 
excitement  of  feeling. 

Stn.  Bull.  Bubble.  Foam.  Mantle. 
Froth.  Ferment.  Sparkle.  Bluster.  Ex- 
plode. 

Ant.  Subside.  Bear.  Brook.  Digest 
Acquiesce.    Refrain.    Flatten. 

Effete,  adj.  Ex  and  fcetus, 
the  yonng.  No  longer  capable  of 
bearing,  hence  generally  worn 
out. 

Stn.  Worn.  Exhausted.  Barren.  De- 
crepit. 

Ant.  Productive.     Vigorous.      Fertile. 

Prolific.  Exuberant. 

Efficacy,  n.  Efficax,  effica- 
cious, efficere,  to  produce.  Better 
used  of  things,  as  efficiency  of 
persons. 

Stn.  ElTiciency.  Usefulness.  Produc 
tiveness.     EfTectiveness. 


Efficiency,  n.     See  Efficacy. 
Effigy,  n.     EJftcjies,  a  statue. 
Properly  a  true  likeness. 

Stn.  Statue.  Figure.  Representation. 
Image. 

Ant.  Caricature.  Misrepresentation. 
Distortion.    Daub. 

Efflorescence,  n.  Ex  and 
flos,  oris,  a  flower. 

Stn.  Budding.  Luxuriance.  Outburst. 
Crystallization.     Uranulation. 

Ant.  Nudity.  Bareness.  Denudation. 
Deflorcsccnce.    Absorption.    Desiccation. 

Effluence,  n.  Ex  and  Jiuere, 
to  ffoir. 

Stn.  Outpo7irlng.  Emission.  Dischare& 
Abundance.    Overflow. 

Ant.  Reflucnce.  Infusion.  Absorptiao 
Retention.    Exhaustion. 


150 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


EPFLUvroM,  n.  See  Effluence. 
Exhalation  by  usage,  restricted 
to  such  as  are  of  noxious  or  un- 
pleasant character. 

Stn.  Exhalation.  Emanation.  Malaria. 
Miasma.    Stink. 

Ant.  Ventilation.  Scent.  Disinfectant. 
Zephyr.    Balm. 

Effokt,  n.  Ex  and  fort  is.  A 
putting  forth  of  the  strength  for 
a  specific  purpose. 

Stn.  Trial.  Attempt.  Endeavour.  Ex- 
ertion. 

Ant.  Failure.  Misadventure.  Unsuc- 
cess.  Frustration.  Futility.  Inactivity. 
Ease.    Facility.    Spontaneity. 

Effrontery,  n.  E.r,  out,  and 
frons,  the  forehead  or  face. 

Syn.  Barefaceduess.    Impudence.    Brass. 
Ant.  Modesty.    Timidity.    Bashfulness. 

Coyness. 

Effulgence,  n.  Ex  and/i/?- 
gere,  to  shine. 

Stn.  Splendour.  Lustre.  Brilliancy.  Lu- 


Effuse,  adj.  Eff under e,fusus, 
to  pour  out. 

Stn.  Copious.    Effluent.    Abundant. 
Ant.  Dry.    Scanty.    Sparing.    Jejune. 

Effusion,  w.  <S'ef  Eifuse.  Used 
literally  of  the  pouring  out  of 
liquid,  and  metaphorically  of  the 
pouring  out  of  speech. 

Stk.  Pouring.  Discharge.  Emission. 
Effluence.    Oraiion.    Speech.    Address. 

Ant.  Infusion.  Refluence.  Absorption. 
Essay,    Document.    Instrument.    Reading. 

Egotism,  n.  Lat.  ego,  1.  A 
tendency  to  undue  thought  and 
speech  about  one's  self. 

Stn.  Conceit.    Vanity.    Self-assertion. 
Ant.  Considerateness.    Deference.    Self- 
abnegation. 

Egregious,  adj.  E,  out,  and 
grex,  the  JJock  or  common  herd. 
Apphed  to  persons  or  personal 
qualities.     Often  used  ironically. 

Sin.  Remarkable.  Peculiar.  Excelleut. 
Consummate. 

Ant.  Ordinary.  Commonplace.  Every- 
day.    Mediocre. 

EOBESS,  n.     Egrediri,  egressus, 


to  step  out.  Used  of  the  act  and 
the  passage  of  coming  out. 

Stn.    Exit.    Departure.     Sally.     Outlet. 
Ant.  Adit.    Inlet.    Approach.    Avenue. 
Entrance. 

Either,  adj.  Sax.  du,  ever, 
(Germ,  ewig),  livddhcr,  I'jJiether  of 
two.  Whichever  of  the  two  you 
please. 

Ant.  Neither  (ne  being  the  negative 
prefix). 

Ejaculate,  v.  tr.  See  Ejacu- 
lation. 

Ejaculation,  n.  Ejaculari, 
jaculum,  «  javelin.  Used  for- 
merly of  throwing,  in  its  ordinary 
sense.  Now  only  used  of  the 
casting  forth  of  words  in  a  sud- 
den way. 

Stn.  Exclamation.    Utterance.  Cry. 

Ant.  Obmutescence.  Silence.  Speech- 
lessness. Dumbfoundedness.  Oration. 
Speech.    Drawl. 

Eject,  v.  tr.  Ejicere,  jadus,  to 
cast  out. 

Stn.  Gist.  Throw.  Discharge.  Expel. 
Extrude.    Evert. 

Ant.  Accept.  Receive.  Retain.  Hnuse. 
Store.  Lodge.  Accommodate.  Admit. 
Welcome.    Introduce.     Inject. 

Ejection,  ik    See  Eject. 

Eke,  v.  tr.  Sax.  Conn,  with 
augere,  and  commonly  used  with 
the  ^jre;;).  out.  To  eke  out,  to 
add  to  what  is  scanty,  often  by 
only  a  scanty  and  barely  sufficient 
I  addition. 

Syn.  Help.  Increase.  Augment.  Raise. 
I  Ant.  Stop.  Diminish.  Stint.  AViih- 
I  hold.    Drain.    Exhaust. 

'  Elaborate,  v.  tr.  E  and 
I  labor.  To  woii  out  a  conception 
or  design. 

Stn.  "Execute.    Forge.    Prepare.    Cou^ 

coct.    Mature. 
I        Akt.    Misconceive.     Mismanage.     Mi»- 
'  contrive.   Hit.   Conjecture.   Guess.    Chance 

Extemporize. 

Elapse,  v.  int.  E  and  laU, 
lapsus,  to  slip. 

Stn.  Pass.    Slip.    Intervene. 

Ant.  Wait.  Abide.  Hold.  CoutlnnA 
Halt.     Endure. 


S'jnoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


151 


Elastic,  adj.  Lat.  Elasticus, 
from  Gr.  e\avva>,  to  drive  or 
drauK  Having  a  tendency  to 
spring  back,  when  stretched,  to 
its  original  dimensions.  The 
ideas  suggested  by  tlie  word  are 
therefore  of  two  kinds ;  the  one 
the  capability  of  stretching,  the 
other  the  tendency  to  recurrence. 
In  metaphorical  language  the  for- 
mer is  the  more  prevalent  idea. 

Stn.  Ductile.  Extensile.  Alterable. 
Resilient.  Modifiable.  Flexible.  Buoyant. 
Springy. 

Ant.  Tough.  Unchangeable.  Rigid. 
Inflexible.  Inelastic.  Crystallized.  Dull. 
Inert. 

Elated,  adj.  E.c  and  fcrre. 
To  carry  out,  of  himself,  with 
joy  or  pride. 

Sra.  Cheered.  Joyed.  Inspirited.  Over- 
joyed.   Proud.    Inflated. 

Airr.  Depressed.  Dispirited.  Disap- 
pointed. Abashed.  Confounded.  Humi- 
liated.   Disconcerted.    Dejected. 

Elder,  n.  Sax.  eld.  Eng. 
old.    Comparative,  elder. 

Stn.  Senior.    Father. 
Ant.  Junior.    Son. 

Elect,  adj.      Eligere,  led  us,  to 


Syn.  Elite.    Choice.    Accepted.    Chosen. 
Ant.  Rejected.    Reprobate. 

Elect,  v.    See  Elect,  adj. 
Elected,  part.    See  Election. 
Election,  n.    See  Elect. 

Srw.  Choice.  Acceptance.  Selection. 
Preference. 

Ant.  Postponement.  Rejection.  Repro- 
bation. 

Electrept,  V.  tr.  From  Elec- 
tricity, which  is  from  the  Gr. 
ffKfKTpov,  Lat.  electrum,  amber. 
As  being  produced  by  the  friction 
of  amber. 

Syk.  Astonish.  Astound.  Thrill.  Amaze. 
Dumbfoiuider.    Appal. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Compose.  Calm,  Mes- 
merize. 

Elegance,  n.  Eleganiia,  eli- 
gere, to  choose.     Primarily  that 


kind  of  beauty  in  art  or  compo- 
sition which  is  the  result  of 
choice  selection,  and  the  omis- 
sion of  everything  otfensive  to 
rule  or  taste.  The  word  has 
acquired  a  wider  m-eaning  in 
usage. 

Stn-.  Beauty.  Grace.  Refinement.  Sym- 
metry.   Gracefulness.    Taste. 

Ant.  Deformity.  Awkwardness.  In- 
elegance. Disproportion.  Ungracefulness. 
Coarseness.    Rudeness. 

Elegy,  ».  A  poem  consisting 
of  hexameters  and  j^entameters 
alternately.  A  metre  employed 
in  grave  and  mournful  subjects. 
From  6  e  Xeyfti/,  to  cry ;  '4  t,  in 
wailing. 

Stn.  JJirge.  Threnody.  Lament.  Jere- 
miade. 

Ant.    P.-ean.    Jubilee. 

Element,  n.  Der.  uncertain. 
Possibly  from  eleo  for  oleo  {I 
groiu),  becaiise  out  of  the  ele- 
ments all  things  gi'ow.  Used 
also  for  the  primary  or  consti- 
tuent parts  of  compound  things. 

Syk.  Component. 

Elementary,  adj.  Belonging 
to  the  elements,  physically,  but 
more  frequently  employed  in  re- 
ference to  elements  as  component 
parts,  elemental  being  reserved 
for  the  former. 

Stn.  Physical.  jMaterial.  Natural.  Elo- 
mentary.  Primary.  Rudimental.  Inchoate. 
Component.    Constituent.     Ultimate. 

Ant.  Immaterial.  Incorporeal.  Impal- 
pable.  Compound.  Collective.  Aggregate, 
iJsveliped.    Organized. 

Elevate.    See  Elevation, 

Syx.  Raise.    Dignify.    Ennoble. 
Ant.  Li'wer.    Degiade.    Debase. 

Elevation,  n.  Elcvare,  to 
raise ;  h'vis,  lif/ht. 

Syn.  Ileiglit  Rise.  Raisfag.  Altitud-:'. 
Loftiness.  Tallness.  Improvement.  .\mi- 
lioration.  Refinement.  Superiority.  Kiiii- 
nence. 

Ant.  Depth.  Fall.  Decline.  Poi  r,^.:. 
sion.  Shortness.  Stuntedness.  iHTeriura- 
tion.  Debasement.  Degradation.  Juivi- 
ority. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


152 


Elicit,  v.  tr.  Lat.  Elicere,  to  '_ 
entice  out.  \ 

Srx.  Draw.  Evoke.  Educe.  Eliminate. 
Enucleate.  Express.  Extract.  Worm.  Evolve. 

Akt.  Insert.  Implant.  Introduce.  Ino- 
culate. Insinuate.  Inluse.  Instil.  In- 
corporate.   Suggest.    Extort. 

Eligible,  aoy.  See  Elect. 
Worthy  of  being  chosen. 

Stn.  Desirable.  Preferable.  Choice. 
Prime. 

Ant.  Undesirable.  Worthless.  Unpro- 
fitable.   Ordinary.    Indifferent.    Ineligible. 

Eliminate,  v.  tr.  E  and 
limf;n,  a  thresliold.  To  bring  out 
from  the  recesses  of  private  con- 
cealment into  the  public  light  of 
day.  Hence,  1,  to  explain;  2, 
to  extract;  and  8,  to  extract 
what  is  superfluous  or  objection- 
able. 

Sra.  Elucidate.  Explain,  Enucleate. 
Segregate. 

Ant.  Mystify.  Obscure.  Involve.  Smug- 
gle.   Foist.    Import.    Confound. 

Elision,  n.  Elidere,  to  strike 
out.  In  grammar,  the  omission 
of  a  syllable,  and  the  consequent 
shortening  of  the  word. 

SrN.  Omission.  Ejection.  Excerption. 
Abridgment.    Ellipse. 

AST.  Insertion.  Introduction.  Implanta- 
tion. Augmentation.  Eloiigation.  Inocu- 
lation. 

ElliPSK,  V.  iv,  and  "KeiTreiv, 
to  leave  or  fail.  An  omission  of 
something  wliich  may  be  under- 
stood without  lieing  expressed, 
as,  '  the  man  I  saw,'  for  '  whom 
I  saw.'  The  adj.  EUiptical  is 
sometimes  used  of  style  which 
leaves  much  to  be  understood 
wliich  is  not  expressed.  In  tliis 
sense  it  would  have  such  syno- 
nyms and  antonyms  as  the  fol- 
lowing : — 

Syn.  Suggestive.  Latent  Pregnant. 
5l);nificant.    Allusive.    Subanditive. 

AxT.  Categorical.  FulL  Expository. 
E.\planatory.    Declaratory.    Enunclalive. 

Elocution,  n.    Ex  and  h'jui 


to  speaks    The  act  and  the  pro- 
cess of  public  speaking. 

Srs.  Oratory.   Declamation.    Eloquence; 
Asi.  Reading.    Lection.    Bolbuliatlon. 

Elongation,  n.  E  and  long  us, 
long.     The  addition  of  length. 

Stn.  Production.    Extension. 
Ant.  Apocope.    Curtailment. 

Eloquence,  n.   See  Elocution. 

Else.  Sax.  el,  other.  Like 
alius,  in  Latin. 

Stn.  Besides.    Otherwise. 
AsT.  So.    Also.    Likewise. 

Elsewhere,  adv.  See  Else. 
Add  Sax.  /i",v?-. 

Stn.  Oiherwise.    Away. 
Ant.  So.    Here. 

Elucidate,  v.  tr.     Ex    and 

lucidus,  lux,  light,  lucid. 
Stk.  Explain.    Clear.    Illustrate. 
Ant.  Mystify.    Obscure.    Confuse. 

Elude,  v.  tr.  E  and  ludere, 
ludus,  to  niock. 

Stn.  Escape.  Avoid.  Baffle.  Evade. 
Parrv.    Fence.    Mock.    Frustrate. 

Ant.  Encounter.  Meet.  Confront 
Court.    Dare.    Defy. 

Elusory,  adj.    See  Elude. 

Syx.    Slippery.      Intangible.     Indetain- 
able.    Fugitive.    Shadowy.    Unsubstantial 
AKT.  Persistent.    Stable.    SoUd. 

Emaciation,  n.  E  and  macits, 
lea7iness. 

Stn-.  I^eaimess.    Attenuation.    AV'asting. 
Ant.  Fatness.    Obesity.    Corpulence. 

Emanate,  v.  tr.  E  and 
manare,  to  drop. 

Stn.  Originate.    Flow.    Spring.    Rise. 

AST.  Terminate.  Culminate.  End. 
Evene.    Issue.    Arris-e.    Eventuate. 

Emanation,  n.  See  Emanate. 
Emancipate,  ;•.  fr.  E  and 
mancipium,  a  laying  of  the  hand 
j  on  a  thing,  as  on  the  head  of  a 
slave,  to  betoken  a  formal  pur- 
1  chase.  Used  in  various  meta- 
]  phorical  applications. 

!        Stn.  Liberate.    Enfranchise.    Rescue. 

.AST.  EnthralL  Subjugate.  EnsUiva 
.  Bind.    Disqualify. 


Synonyihi  and  Antonyms. 


153 


Embalm,  v.  tr.  Bahnmum, 
balsam  or  halm.  To  preserve  in 
spices.     To  lay  up  carefully. 

Stn.  Conserve.  Preserve.  'J'reasure. 
Store.    Enshrine.     Consecrate. 

Ant.  Expose.  Desecrate.  Abandon. 
Vulgarize. 

Embaego,  v.  Spanish,  harra, 
a  bar.  A  restraint  laid  upon 
vessels  in  port.  Used  metapho- 
rically. 

S™.  Restraint.  Detention.  Prohibition. 
Stoppage. 

Ant.  Permit.  Permission.  Discbarge. 
Liberation.    Dismissal.    Conge. 

Embark,  v.  int.  Barca,  a  ship. 
Comp.  Eng.  Bark.  Used  meta- 
phorically of  embarking  in  a 
project. 

SvN.  Launch.     Enter.    Start. 
Ant.  Arrive.    Anchor.    Laud. 

Embarrass,  v.  tr.  Same  der. 
as  Embargo. 

Stn.  Entangle.  Disconcert.  Trouble. 
Perplex.  Confuse.  Hamper.  Clog.  En- 
cumber. 

Ant.  Extricate.  Liberate.  Expedite. 
Facilitate.  Accelerate.  Assist  Disen- 
cumber. 

Embellish,  v.  tr.  Bellus,  neat, 
pretty.     See  Adorn. 

Embezzle,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  besiler. 
Celt,  bes,  without,  and  loi,  laiv. 
To  come  unlawfully  by.  Ap- 
])lied  to  money  and  accounts. 

Stn.  Appropriate.  Confuse.  Falsify. 
Peculate.    Misappropriate. 

Ajjt.  Square.    Balance.    Clear. 

Embitter,  v.  tr.  To  make 
bitter.  Sax.  bifer.  From  bite. 
Mordant.    Acrid. 

Syn.  Aggravate.    Molest. 

Ant.  Alleviate.    Soothe.    Sweeten. 

Emblazon,  v.  tr.    See  Blazon. 

Emblem,  71.  iji^dXXfLv,  to  cast 
or  throw  in,  as,  a  device  into 
tapestry  or  mosaic  work.  A 
pattern;  and,  thence,  a  device 
taken  as  a  distinctive  mark. 

Stn.  Device.  Cognizance.  Sign.  Sym 
bol.    Representation.  Type.    Badge.   Mark. 

Ant.  Disguise.  Decoy  Incognito. 
Domino.    Blind.    Ruse.  I 


I  Embody,  v.  tr.  Body.  Sax. 
bodi;/.  To  put  into  "langiMo 
shape,  or  to  attach  or  insert  into 
another  body. 

Stn.  Express.  Methodize.  Systematize, 
Codify.  Incorporate.  Aggregate.  Integrate. 
Compact.    Introduce.    Enlist.    Combfne. 

Ant.  Eliminate.  Segregate.  Analyze. 
Dissipate.  Disintegrate.  Dismember.  Col- 
liquate.    Disband.    Disembody. 

Embolden,  v.  tr.    Bold.    Sax. 
See  Encourage. 
Embosomed,  adj.  Bosom.  Sax. 

Stn.  Concealed.  Enfolded.  Wrapt. 
Enveloped.  Surrounded.  Begirt.  En- 
circled. 

Ant.  Exposed.  Unfolded.  Ojien.  Un- 
encircled. 

Embrace,  v.  tr.  In  and 
brachiiim,  the  arm. 

Stn.  Clasp.    Comprehend.    Include. 
Ant.  Exclude.    Reject.    Except. 

Embroider,  v.  tr.  Fr.  broder. 
To  cover  with  ornamental  needle- 
work.    Comp.  Braid. 

Stn.  Emboss.  Enrich.  Emblazon.  Em- 
bellish. 

Ant.  Botch.     Patch.    Cobble.    Dam. 

Embroil,  v.  tr.  See  Brawl. 
Has  the  double  sense  of  to  make 
confused,  and  to  implicate  in 
confusion. 

SvN.   Implicate.    Commingle.  Entangle 

(in  quarrel).    Disturb.    Distract.  Trouble. 

Ant.  Extricate.  Separate.  Remove. 
Arrange.    Compose.    Pacify. 

Embryo,  v.  eV,  and  ^pveiv, 
to  conceive. 

Stn.  Germ.  Nucleus.  Rudiment. 
Origin. 

Ant.  Development.  Shape.  Completion. 
Maturity. 

Emendation,  n.  E,  out,  and 
menda,  a  fault. 

Stn.  Correction.  Amendment.  Recti- 
fication.   Reformation. 

Ant.  Error.  Defect.  Incorrectness, 
Fsult.    Corruption. 

Emerge,  v.  int.  E,  out,  and 
menjere,  to  dip  or  pluneje.  To 
rise  out  of  a  fluid.  Metaphori- 
cally, to  escape  out  of  a  diffi- 
culty. 


154 


Sj/noni/ms  and  Antom/ms. 


Stx.  Escape     Issue.    Evene.    Appear. 
AST.   Enter.    Incur.    Retreat.     Kecede. 
Abscond. 

Emergency,  w.  See  Emerge. 
A  crisis,  like  that  of  rescue  from 
drowning,  or  else  the  sudden 
appearing  of  a  crisis,  as  if  it  had 
risen  out  of  the  course  of  events. 

SvN.  Crisis.  Conjuncture.  Pinch.  Em- 
barrassment   Strait.    Necessity.   Difficulty. 

Ant.  Rescue.  Deliverance.  Solution. 
Subsidence.  Provision.  Anticipation.  Ar- 
rangement. 

Emersion,  n.    See  Immersion. 

Emigration,  n.  Emigrare,  to 
migrate. 

&TS.  Exodus.    Colonization.    Flit. 

Ant.  Abode.  Sojourn.  Settlement 
Stay.    Domiciliation.    Immigration. 

Eminence,  n.  Eminere,  to 
stand  out  or  rise.  Used  of  phy- 
sical height  and  moral  or  social 
loftiness. 

SrN.  See  Height 

Eminent,  adj.    See  High. 

Eminently,  adv.    See  Highly. 

Emission,  n.  Emittere,  to  send 
forth.     See  Discharge. 

Emollient,  adj.  E  and  mollis, 
soft. 

Stn.  Softening.    Laxative.    Baltiamic. 
Akt.  Astringent.     Irritant.    Galling. 

Emolument,  n.  Emoliri,  to 
v)ork  out  or  move  out,  from  moles, 
a  heavy  mass.  The  result  of 
labour.    See  Profit. 

Emotion,  n.  E  and  movere,  to 
move. 

Stn.  Passion.    Feelins;.    ENcitement. 

Ant.  Indifference.  Insensibility.  Im- 
passiveness,    Imperturb-ibility.    Stoicism. 

Emphatic,  adj.  Gr.  emphasis, 
accent  or  stress.  Laying  stress, 
or  deserving  to  have  stress  laid 
upon  it. 

Snr.  Earnest  Positive.  Important. 
Special.    Egregious.    Consuntmate. 

Ant.  Mild.  Unemphalic.  Cool.  Un- 
impassioned.  Uniraportan',  Ordinury. 
Uunoticeable     Commonplace. 


Empierce,  V.  tr.    See  Pierce. 

Empire,  n.  Imperium,  im* 
pentre,  to  command. 

SvN.  Dominion.    Sovereignty.    Rule. 

Ant.  Independence.  Insurrection.  Au- 
erchy. 

Empirical,  adj.  enweipia. 
Experience  or  experiment,  as 
distinguished  from  science. 

Stn.  Experimental.  Tentative.  QuackisU 
Ant.    Scientific.     Regular.      Inductive. 
Uniform.    Constant. 

Empiricism,  n.  See  Empirical. 

Employ,  v.  tr.  Implicare.  to 
enfold  into  one's  plan. 

Stn.  Use.    Apply.    Economize. 

Ant.  Discard.  Dismiss.  Misuse.  Mis- 
employ. 

Empower,  v.  tr.  Fr.  pouvoir, 
Lat.  pottstas,  from  posse,  to  be 
able. 

Stn.  Enable.  Commission.  Encourage. 
Qualify. 

Ant.  Hinder.  Prevent.  Discourage 
Disable.    Disqualify. 

Empty,  adj.  Sax.  emtij.  Con- 
taining nothing. 

Stn.  Vacant.  Void.  Clear.  Unen- 
cumbered. Unobstructed.  Unoccupied. 
Waste.  Uninhabited.  Unfrequented.  De- 
ficient.   Weak.    Silly.    Idle.    Senseless. 

Ant.  Full.  Occupied.  Encumbered. 
Obstructed.  Cultivated.  Colonized.  In- 
habited, informed.  Well-instructed.  Se:i- 
sible.  Experienced.  Significant  Forcible. 
Important.    Substantial 

Emulate,  v.  tr.  ^nudari,  to 
strive  to  excel. 

Stn.  Rival.    Vie.    Compete.    Aspire. 

Ant.  Disaffect.  Shun.  For-  go.  Abandon. 
Despise.    Contemn.    Waive. 

Enable,  v.  tr.    See  Able. 

Stn.  Empower.    Qualify.    Strengthen. 
AXT.  Disqualify.    Hinder.    Disable. 

Enact,  v.  tr.  See  Act  antl 
Abrogate. 

Enamour,  v.  tr.  In  and  amor, 
love. 

Stn.  Captivate.  Fascinate.  Enslava 
Charm.    Endear.    Bewitch.    Enchain. 

Ant.  Repel.  Disgust.  Eairacge.  lik 
<ccuant    Horrify. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


155 


Encamp,  ''.  int.  Jn  and  campni^, 
ajitld;  whence  camp. 

Stn.  Settle.    Pitch.    Qunitcr.    Bivouac. 
AxT.  March.    Decamp.   PvCtire.  Retreat. 

EnchaiNj  V.  tr.  In  and  chain, 
from  catena,  a  chain. 

Sra.  Bind.    Fetter.    Manacle.    Enslave. 

Ant.  Loose.  Liberate.  Extricate.  Manu- 
mit.   jDisenthrall. 

Enchant,  v.  tr.  In  and  can- 
tare,  to  sin(j  I  cant  us,  a  song  or 
incantation.     See  Enamour. 

Encircle,  v.  tr.    See  Circle. 

Stn.     Surround.  Environ.       Inclose. 

Hem.    Circumscribe.  Encompass. 

Ant.  Disinclose.  Disencircle.  Disen- 
conipass. 

Enclose,  v.  tr.  In  and 
claudere,  clausus,  to  sh2(t. 

SrK.  Shut.  Encircle.  Environ.  Include. 
Circumscribe.    Envelope.    Wrap.    Afforest. 

Ant.  Open.  Disclose.  Exclude.  Dis- 
enclose.  I^isencircle.  Bare.  Expose.  De- 
velope.     Disafforest. 

Enclosure,  n.  See  Enclose. 
Applied  both  to  that  which  in- 
closes, and  that  which  is  in- 
closed. 

.Stn.  Fence.  Ring.  Limit.  Boundary. 
Park.    Close.    Qrcle.    Field.    Precinct. 

Ant.  Space.  Common.  Waste.  Wild. 
Desert.    Wilderness.    Void. 

Encomium,  n.  Kufios,  a  revel. 
A  song  in  honoiu-  of  Bacchus, 
sung  at  the  Bacchic  festival. 
Thence,  a  speech  in  public 
praise. 

Stn.  Panegyric.  Laudation.  Compli- 
ment.   Commendation.    Eulogy. 

Ant.  Vituperation.  Vilification.  Taunt. 
Obloquy.    Invective. 

Encompass,  v.  tr.  In,  con, 
and  jxissus,  a  step.  Comp.  Pace. 
To  encircle  by  walking  round, 
or  in  any  other  way.  See  En- 
circle. 

Encounter,  v.  tr.  In  and 
contra,  against.  To  come  against 
something,  or  some  other,  sud- 
denly, or  in  opposition. 


Me 


Confront      lace.     With* 


Srx. 

stand. 

Ant.  Elude.  Avoid.  Escape.  Miss 
Shun. 

Encourage,  v.  tr.  Fr.  cwur, 
the  heart. 

Stn.  Embolden.  Rally.  Reassure.  Ani- 
mate.   Inspirit.     Prompt.    Abet. 

Ant.  Deter.  Discourage.  Dissuade. 
Dispirit, 

Encroach,  v.  tr.  Fr.  croc, 
crochet,  a  hook.  To  hook  up 
what  does  not  belong  to  you.  To 
approach  the  property  or  rights 
of  another  for  such  a  purpose. 
Followed  by  the  prep.  upon. 

Stn.  Invade.  Trespass.  Transgress. 
Infringe. 

Ant.  Respect.    Recognize.    Observe. 

Encrust,  v.  tr.    See  Crusty. 

Stn.  Coat.    Line.    Plaster.    Face. 
Ant.  Scrape.    Abrade.    Expose. 

Encrustation,  n.  See  Eu:' 
crust. 

Stn.  Plaster.  Coating.  Lining.  lu- 
tcgunient. 

Ant.  Abrasion.    Exfoliation.    Peeling. 

Encumber,  v.  tr.  Lat.  incumu' 
lave,  cmmtlus,  a  heap. 

Stn.  Oppress.    Obstruct.  Clog.    Impede; 
Ant.  Disencumber.    Free.    Disburden. 

End,  n.  Sax.  en>Je.  See  Ter- 
mination, Object,  and  Aim,  ac- 
cording as  the  word  is  used  iu 
the  sense  of  natural  termination, 
pui-pose,  or  result. 

Endanger,  v.  tr.  Dangerium, 
a  Low  Latin  word  of  Feudal  law. 
Penal  liability. 

Stn.  Imperil.    Expose.    Jeopardize. 
Ant.  Cover.    Defend.    Protect.    Shield. 
Screen. 

Endear,  v.  tr.    See  Dear. 

Stn.  Attach.    Conciliate.    Gain. 
Ant.  Estrange.    Alienate.    Embitter. 

Endearment,  n.  See  Endeai 
and  Blandishment. 

Endeavour,  n.  and  v.  En 
and  Fr.  devoir,  duty.  To  make 
an  effort  on  behalf  of  duty; 
thence,  an  effort  generally.  Sea 
Attempt  and  Effort. 


Io6 


S'jnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Endless,  adj.  See.  End. 
Having  no  end  in  time  and  space. 

Syu.  Interminable.  Illimitable.  Per- 
petual.   Eternal.    Infinite. 

Ant.  Terminable.  Limited.  Temporary. 
Brief.  Transient.  I'eriudic.  EpliemeraL 
Fugitive.    Finite. 

Endow,  v.  tr.  In  and  dotare, 
from  dos,  a  dowry. 

Syn.  Present.  Fnricli.  Furnish.  Qualify. 
A.dorn.    Invest.    Supply. 

Ant.  Denude.  Spoliate.  Strip.  Disen- 
dow.   Deprive.    Divest. 

Endowment,  n.  See  Endow. 
Applies  to  the  gifts  of  nature, 
art.  and  social  provision. 

.Syn.  Gift.  Provision.  Benefit.  Bone- 
faction.  Talent.  Capacity.  Attainment. 
(Qualification. 

Ant.  Impoverishment.  Spoliation.  Dis- 
endowment.    Incapacity.    Poverty.    I.ack. 

Endue,  v.  tr,  Indnere,  to 
clothe.    See  Clothe  and  Endow. 

Endure,  r.  2 » ^.  In  and  diaxtre, 
durus,  hard.  To  last.  See  Last 
and  Tolerate. 

Enemy,  ??.  Inimicus,  in,  vot, 
and  amicus,  friend.     See  Friend. 

Energy,  «.  ivepykia,  epyov,  a 
ivork.  Active  power.  See  Activity. 

Enervate,  v.  tr.  E  and 
aervxs,  the  nerve. 

Stn.  Weaken.  Enfeeble.  Unnerve. 
Debilitate.    Relax.    Unstring.     Unhinge. 

Ant.  Strengthen.  Brace.  Invigorate. 
Harden.    Nerve. 

ENFEEBLE,v.i?>-.  Feeble.  Lat./c- 
hilis,  flere,  to  be  lamented,  mretched, 
sad.    Hence  weak.   See  Enervate. 

Enfold,  v.  tr.  Sax.  fealdan, 
to  fold. 

Stn.  Wrap.  Envelope.  Enclose.  Em- 
brace.   Comprise. 

Ant.  Unwrap.    Develope.    Disclose. 

Enforce,  v.  tr.  In  and  Fr. 
force,  from  Lat. /or^r.s,  strong. 

Stn.  Urge.  Compel.  Require.  E.xact. 
Exert.    Strain. 

Ant.  Relax.  A\'aive.  Forego.  Remit 
Abandon. 

Enteanchise,  v.  tr.  See  Fran- 
chise. 


Stn.  Liberate.    Qualify. 

Ant.  Disfranchise.    Disqualify. 

Engage,  v.  tr.  In  and  garji',  a 
pledge.  To  give  a  pledge.  To 
pledge  one's  self  to  do  a  thing ; 
also,  to  pledge  another  to  do  it, 
or  employ  him  in  doing  it. 

Stn.  Promise.  Undertake.  Vouch.  Em- 
ploy.   Occupy.    Hire.    Adopt.    Involve. 

Ant.  Decline.  Refuse.  Withdraw.  Dis- 
miss.   Discard.    E.xtricate.    Disengage. 

Engageiient,  n.  See  Engage. 
(For  military  sense,  see  Battle.) 

Engaging,  adj.  See  Engage. 
With  the  metaphorical  sense  of 
occupying  or  enhsting  regard  or 
love. 

Sttk.  Attractive.    Interestitig.   Winning. 
Ant.  Unattractive.    Uninteresting.    Re- 
pulsive. 

Engender,  v.  tr.  Ingenerure, 
to  generate.  Used  metaphori- 
cally, as,  '  to  engender  strife.' 

Stn.  Generate.  Produce.  Create.  Breed. 
Propiigate. 

Ant.  Stifle.  Destroy.  Extinguish. 
Neutralize.    Blight    Prevent. 

Engird,  v.  tr.     See  Gird. 

Engorge,  v.  tr.,  Engorge- 
ment, n.     See  Gorge. 

Engrave,  v.  tr.  Sax.  grafan. 
Conn,  with  ypa^eiv. 

SrN.  Print  Imprint.  Sculpture.  Stereo- 
type. 

Ant.  Obliterate.    Erase.    Levigate. 

Engross,  v.  tr.  In  and  Fr. 
gros,  conn,  with  Lat.  crassiis,  the 
main  bulk  or  body.  To  absorb, 
as  it  were,  in  the  gross,  or  bodily. 

Stn.  See  Absorb. 

Engulph,  v.  tr.  Gulph.  Gr. 
KoXnos,  the  bosom  of  the  sea.  See 
Absorb. 

Enhance,  v.  tr.  Enhausser, 
hant,  high.  To  heighten  the 
value  of  a  thing.  See  Depre- 
ciate. 

Enigmatical,  adj.     Em'gma. 

Gr.  alviyfiariKos. 

Syw.  Puzzling,  rerplexiug.  Obscure. 
MjbUc. 


oynonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Ant.  Lucid  r^NpIanatory.  Plain  Self-  | 
evideut.  I 

Enjoin,  v.  tr.     In  and  jungere,  I 
to  join.    To  fasten  strongly  and  ! 
permanently    upon    a     person. 
Said  both  of  the  thing  and  the 
person. 

Stn.  Impress.  Command.  Commission. 
Oblige.    Piescribc. 

Amt.  RecaL  Dispense.  Remit.  Ab- 
solve.   Release.    Exonerate.  Dissuade. 

Enjoy,  v.  tr.  Er.  joie.  Eng. 
joy.  To  derive  pleasure  from 
the  use  or  possession  of  a  thing. 

Stn.  Lilce.    Relish.    Possess. 
AuT.  Dislike.    Disrelish.  Suffer.  Loathe. 
Forfeit.    Lose.    Tolerate.    Endure. 

Enkindle,  v.  tr.    See  Kindle. 
Enlarge,  v.  tr.  Large,  larger. 

Stn.  Amplify.  Expand.  Extend. 
Stretch.    Dilate.    Increase. 

Ant.  Narrow.  Lessen.  Contract.  Re- 
strict.   Diminish.    Curtail    Reduce. 

Enlighten,  v.  tr.  Light.  Sax. 
leoght — not  to  be  confoimded 
with  Uht,  light,  not  heavy — the 
former  being  connected  with 
lucidus,  the  latter  with  levis. 

Stn.  Illumine.  Edify.  Instruct.  In- 
form.   Teach. 

Ant.  Mislead.  Darken.  Confound.  Ob- 
scure.   Mystify.    Perplex. 

Enlightened,  adj.  See  En- 
lighten and  Wise. 

Enlist,  v.  tr.  In  and  Sax. 
list,  a  strip  of  cloth.  A  roll  of 
names.     Act.  and  neut. 

Stn.  Enter.  Register.  EnroU.  Incor- 
porate.   Embody. 

Ant.  Withdraw.  Erase.  Expunge.  Dis- 
miss.   Disband.    Disembody. 

Enliven,  v.  tr.  In  and  life. 
Sax.  lif,  Germ,  lelen. 

St>-.  Wake.  Rouse.  Inspirit.  Amuse. 
Excite.    Animate. 

Ant.  Oppress.  Depress.  Stupefy. 
Weary.    Tire.    Paralyze.    Deaden. 

Enmity,  n.    See  Enemy. 

Stn.  Discord.  Hate.  Animosity.  Op- 
position.    Bitterness.    Acrimony.  Asperity. 

.iVkt.  Kriendship.  Love.  Affection. 
Esteem.    Friendliness.    Cordiality. 

Ennoble,  v.  tr.  In  and  nobilis. 


157 


To  raise  to  noble  rank,  and  to 
raise  morally. 

Stn.  Exalt.  Dignify.  Elevate.  Ame- 
liorate.   Agsrandize. 

Ant.  Debase.  Degrade.  Deprave.  De- 
teriorate.   Depress. 

Enormity,  n.  E  and  norma, 
a  rule.  By  usage  restricted  to 
flagrant  deviations  from  law  or 
right. 

Stn.  Atrocity.  Crime.  Perpetration. 
Abomination.    Sin. 

Ant.  Achievement.    Exploit.    Charity. 

Enormous,  adj.  See  Enormity. 
Of  extraordinary  size  or  extent. 

Stn.  Huge.  Immense.  Gross.  Mon- 
strous.    Prodigious. 

Ant.  Diminutive.  Insignificant.  Trivial. 
Venial.     Average.     Ordinary.    Regular. 

Enough,  adj.  and  adv.  Sax. 
genog, 

Stn.  Sufficient.    Ample. 

Ant.  Bare.  Scant  Insufficient.  In- 
adequate.   Short. 

Enrage,  v.  tr.  Fr.  rage,  Lat. 
rahiiS. 

Stn.  Provoke.  Incite.  Madden.  In- 
flame.   Embitter.    Infuriate.    Exasperate. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Conciliate.  Pacify.  Tame, 
MoUify.    Allay.    Quiet. 

Enrapture,  v.  tr.  Baptura,  a 
snatcJdug;  rapere,  to  snatch.  To 
be  snatched  out  of  one's  self  by 
enjoyment. 

Stn.  Beatify.    Entrance.    Ravish. 
Ant.      Disgust.      Nauseate.      Torture. 
Horrify.    Torment. 

Enrich,  v.  tr.  Fr.  riche.  Said 
of  wealth  and  decoration ;  and, 
metaphorically,  of  endowments 
of  nature  or  character. 

Stn.  Aggrandize.  Endow.  Store.  Aug- 
ment.   Fertilize.     Decorate.    Enhance. 

Ant.  Impoverish.  Reduce.  Rob.  Beggar. 
Fleece.    Denude.    Disfigure. 

'     Enrobe,  v.  tr.     See  Eobe. 

Syn.  Drape.    Invest, 
Ant.  Disrobe.    Divest. 

Enroll,  v.  tr.  In  and  rotulus, 
a  u-oodcn  cylinder,  round  which 
was  wound  the  parchment  list 
or  register.     See  Enlist. 


158 


Sifnomjms  %nd  Antonyms. 


Enrolment,  n.    See  Em-oU. 

Ensconce,  v.  tr.  Germ,  schanz, 
n  fortification.  Used  as  nent., 
and  also  followed  by  me  or  him- 
self. To  hide  behind  a  place  of 
defence,    ^e  Hide. 

Enshrine,  v.  tr.  Shrine.  Lat. 
scrinium,  a  desk,  box,  or  sacred 
ark. 

Si-N.  Consecrate.  Treasiire.  Embalm. 
Cherish. 

Ant.  Expose.    Desecrate.    Forget. 

Enslave,  v.  tr.  In  and  slave. 
Slave  originally  meant  a  Scla- 
vonian,  of  whom  the  Germans 
made  slaves.  It  is  now,  happily, 
only  a  metaphorical  term,  as  re- 
lates to  the  English  tongue. 

Syn.  Captivate.  Charm.  Subjugate. 
Enthrall. 

Ant.  Repel.  Disgust.  Alienate. 
Estrange.  Liberate.  Manumit.  Disenthrall. 

Ensue,  v.  int.  In  and  sequi, 
secutus,  to  follow. 

Syn.  Follow.  Accrue.  Supervene.  Be- 
fall. 

Ant.  Precede.  Threaten.  Premonish. 
Forewarn. 

Ensure,  v.  tr.  Sure.  Lat. 
securus. 

Syn.  Fix.    Deteimine.    Secure.    Seal. 

Ant.  Imperil.  Hazard.  Jeopardize. 
Forfeit. 

Entail,  v.  tr.  In  tailler,  to 
cut,  curtail,  or  limit.  To  limit  a 
line  of  succession  to  j-iroperty. 
Used  generally  for  bequeath ;  or 
di-aw,  as  an  effect  after  a  caiise, 
as, '  learning  entails  industry.' 

Stn.  Bequeath.  Leave.  Devolve.  De- 
mise.   Involve.    Necessitate.    Induce. 

Ant.  Alienate.  Supersede.  Nullify. 
J'rcvent.    Obviate. 

Entangle,  v.  tr.  Eor  Tangle. 
Probably  from  Goth,  tagl,  hair, 
conn,  with  tail. 

Syn.  Knot.    Mat.    Ravel.    Implicate. 
Ant.  Disentangle.    Unravel.    Extricate. 

Enter,  v.  int.     Intra,  within. 
Stn.  Invade.    Penetrate. 
AuT.    Itsue.      Depart.      L  ive.      Quit. 
V«»te. 


Entekprise,  n.  Eiitre2>risei ^ 
to  take  in  hand.     See  Adventure. 

Enterprising,  adj.  See  En- 
terprise. 

Syn.  Active.  Bold.  Daring.  Adven- 
turous.   Speculative. 

Ant.  Inactive.  'J'imid.  Inadventurous. 
Cautious. 

Entertain,  v.  tr.  Entrefener, 
from  tenere,  to  hold.  To  hold,  as 
an  idea  or  project ;  or,  in  a  pe- 
cuhar  sense,  in  one's  house,  as 
guests ;  or  keep  persons  going  in 
the  way  of  amusement. 

Syn.  Harbour.  Maintain.  Conceive. 
Foster.     Heceive.    Recreate.    Amuse. 

Ant.  Elect.  E.xclude.  Deny.  Debar. 
Annoy.    AVeary.    Bore.    Tire. 

Enthrall,  v.  tr.  Thrall.  Sax. 
Slave  or  Bondman.  See  En- 
slave. 

Enthrone,  v.  tr.  In  and 
Bpovos,  thronus,  a  throne. 

Syn.  Crown.    Instal. 

Ant.  Depose.  Dethrone.  Debase.  De- 
grade. 

Enthusiasm,  n.  iv  6e6s,  a  di- 
vinity. The  feehng  of  inspira- 
tion imparted  by  a  deity.  Gene- 
rally, strong  excitement  of  feel- 
ing- on  behalf  of  an  object. 

Syn.  Excitement.  Erenzy.  Sensation. 
Inspiration.  Transport.  Rapture.  Ardour. 
Vehemence.    Passion.    Devotion. 

Ant.  Coldness.  Callousness.  Indiffer- 
ence. Disaffection.  Repugnance.  Aliena- 
tion.   Contempt. 

Enthusla.stic,  adj.  See  En- 
thusiasm. 

Entice,  v.  tr.  Prefix  en  and 
Sax.  stccan,  to  stlek,  prick,  or 
(load.  Conn,  with  Gr.  a-Tiy/xa. 
Its  more  violent  has  given  way 
to  a  milder  force. 

Syn.   Allure.    Seduce.    Attract.    Decoy 
Ant.  Deter.    Warn.    Hinder.  ,  Repel. 

Enticing,  adj.    See  Entice. 

Entire,  adj.     Integer. 

Syn.  Whole.  Complete!  Unimpaired. 
Undiminished. 

Ant.  Partial.  Broken.  Impaired.  !> 
complete. 


Si/)ion  ijim  and  Aniomjms. 


Entirely,  adv.    See  Entire. 
Entitle,  v.  tr.   In  and  titulus, 
a  title. 

Stn.  Qualify.    Empower.    Fit.    Enable. 
A\T.  Disqualifj-.    Disentitle.    Disable. 

Entity,  n.  Ens,  being,  from 
esse,  to  be. 

Stn.  Existence.    Being. 
Ant.  Nonentity.    Chimera. 

Entomb,  v.  tr.  Tumba,  a 
tomb. 

Sni.  Biiiy.    Inter.    Inhume 

Ant.  Disinter.    Exhume. 

Entrammel,  V.  tr.  TremacJum, 
a  net,  tres  maculce,  three  spots  or 
marks,  to  show  its  jDosition,  and 
serve  as  bait. 

Stn.  Entangle.  Impede.  Obstruct. 
Hamper.     Decoy.    Entrap. 

Ant.  Disentangle.  Liberate.  Extricate. 
Expedite.    Disentrammel.    Disenthrall. 

Entrance,  n.  See  Enter.  The 
act  and  way  of  entering. 

Stn.  Introduction.  Penetration.  Avenue. 
Portal.    Ingress.     Adit. 

Ant.  Exit.  Egress.  Departure.  De- 
bouchure. 

Entrance,  v.  tr.  Transitus,  a 
going  off.    See  Eni'apture. 

Entrap,  v.  tr.  In  and  trap. 
See  Entrammel. 

Entreat,  v.  tr.  Entraiter,  to 
handle.  To  clasp  the  hands  upon 
another  in  entreaty. 

Stn.  Implore.  Obsecrate.   Beg.  Petition. 
Ant.  Command.    Insist.    Bid.    Enjoin. 

Entry,  n.  See  Enter.  Has 
the  sense  of  a  fomial  or  official 
introduction  or  insertion. 

Stn.  Entrance.  Initiation.  Beginning. 
Record,  Note.  Minute.  Register.  Me- 
morandum. 

Ant.  Conclusion.  Quittance.  Disposal. 
Blanli.  Omiision.  Falsification.  Miseniry. 
Mlsrccord. 

Entwine,  ?'.  tr.  and  int.  En 
ajid  twine.    Conn,  with  Two. 

Stn.  Lace.  Convolve.  Interlace. 
Weave. 

Ant.  Disentwine.    Dissever. 

Enttmebatk,  V.  tr.  Enumerare, 
to  count;  numerus,  numbe". 


159 


Stn.  Specify.  Name.  Number.  Re- 
count.    Detail.     Iveckoti. 

Ant.  Confound.    .Miscount.    Jlisreckon. 

Enunciate,  v.  tr.  E  and 
nuntius,  a  messenger.  To  pro- 
claim; thence,  to  state  dis- 
tinctly. 

Stn.  State.  Propound.  Pronounce. 
Syllable. 

Ant.  Jlutter.  Babble.  Balbutiate. 
Stammer. 

Envelo<pe,  V.  tr.  In  and  vo- 
luptas,  pleasure.  To  wrap  up,  as 
if  warmly  and  comfortably.  See 
Develope. 

Stn.  Wrap.    Enfold.    Encase.    Cover. 
Ant.      Unwrap.       Develope.       Reveal. 
Expose.    Unfold.    Extract. 

Envelope,  n.    See  verb. 
Envenom,  v.  tr.    In  and  vcne- 
man,  poison.     /See  Poison. 
Environ,  v.  tr.    Fr. 

Stn.  Surround.  Hem.  Inclose.  En- 
circle.   Enfold. 

Ant.  Disinclose.    Disenfold. 

Ephemeral,  adj.  eVl,  and 
rjfiepa,  a  day.  Lasting  but  for 
a  day,  or,  generally,  for  a  short 
while. 

Stn.  Transient.  Evanescent.  Fleeting. 
Fugacious.    Fugitive.    Momentary. 

Ant.  Abiding.  Persistent.  Permanent. 
Perpetual.    Eternal.    Perennial.   Immortal. 

Epigrammatic,  adj.  inlypayifia, 
an  epigram..     Applied  to  style. 

Stn.  Pointed.  Terse.  Graphic.  Con- 
cise.   Laconic. 

Ant.  Diffuse.  Circumlocutory.  Point-  ' 
less. 

Epitome,  w.  eVl  Ttfiveiv.  To 
cut  or  prune  upon  the  surface, 
so  as  to  leave  only  the  salient 
points,  doing  away  with  inter- 
venient  matter.  See  Abbrevia- 
tion. 

Equable,  adj.  See  Equal.  Of 
uniform  movement,  that  is, 
equal  to  itself  at  all  times. 

Sl^N.  Uniform.  Regular.  Proportionate 
Even.    Smooth.     Easy. 

Ant.  Irregular.  Desultory.  VariabU 
Fitful.    Disjointed.    Uneafsy. 


160 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Equal,  adj.  Lat.  cequalis.  Ee- 
fers  to  every  thing  that  can  be 
tested  by  a  standard  of  degrees. 

SrK.  Uniform.  Commensurate.  Co- 
ordinate.   Adequate.  Coexten5ive.   Smooth. 

Ant.  Unequal.  Incommensurate.  In- 
co-ordinate.  Inadequate.  Disparate.  Variable. 

Equality,  «.    See  Equal. 

Equanimity,  «.  ^guus,  equal, 
and  ct'dmus,  the  mind.  Steadi- 
ness of  mind  under  fluctuating 
cii'ciunstances. 

Stx.  Calmness.  Composure.  Tranquil- 
lity.   CoUectedness.    Even-mindedness. 

Akt.  Restlessness.  Disquiet.  Pertur- 
bation.   Impatience. 

Equip,  v.  tr.  To  fit  out.  Conn, 
not  with  equus,  but  with  skiff 
and  ship.  To  rig  or  furnish,  as 
a  ship. 

Srx.  Accoutre.  Garnish.  Invest  Pre- 
pare.   Furnish.    Arrange. 

Ant.  Divest.  Dismantle.  Denude.  De- 
spoil.   Derange. 

Equipage,  n.  5ee  Equip.  Used, 
prunarily,  for  the  apparatus  of 
horses  and  carriage;  and  also, 
generally  and  loosely,  for  almost 
any  apparatus.  Not  connected 
with  eguus. 

Sirs.  Accoutrements.  Trappings.  Furni- 
ture.   Habiliments.    Apparatus.     Carriage. 


Equivalence,  n.  See  Equi- 
valent. 

Equivalent,  adj.  ^auiis, 
equal,  and  vulere,  to  avail  or  be  nj 
force. 

Srx.  Equiponderant.    Equipollent 
Ant.  Unequal.    Unequivalent. 

Equivocal,  adj.  JEquus,  equal, 
and  vox,  a  word.  Producing  am- 
biguity, from  the  circumstance 
of  the  same  word  being  equally 
applicable  to  different  things. 

Syn.  Dubious.  Ambiguous.  Double- 
sided. 

A^-T.  Univocal.    Plain.    Direct.    Clear. 

Eradicate,  v.  tr.  Eradicare 
radix,  a  root.     To  root  out. 

Syn.  Extirpate.  Abolish.  Extinguish 
Exterminate.     Excise. 

Ant.  Implant.  Import.  Instil.  Foster. 
Propagate.    Cherish.    Encourage. 

Eradication, 


Attendance.    Ketinue. 

Ant.  Dismantlement    Unstateliness. 

Equipment,  n.    See  Equip. 
Equipoise,  n.    j3^quus,  equal, 
■  and  pondus.     Fr.  poids,  a  iveight. 
See  Balance. 

Equipollent,  adj.  ^quus, 
equul,  and  %iolhre,  to  he  of  force. 
Of  equal  force.     See  Equivalent. 

Equiponderant,  adj.  See 
Equipoise  and  Equivalent.  i 

Equitable     «c/y.       ^quUas}^     ^^^^i    ^'.'mission,    .iission. 

OiquUS.      Equity.  j  Delegation.    Charge. 

SiN.   Fair.    Just     Proportionate.     Im-  i        -A^^t-  Misdelivery.    Misannouncement 

^"^Ant.  Unfair.   Unjust  D.sproportionate  I       EeKATIC,  adj.      EiTare.    Given 

J'artiai.  ■   j  to  wandering,   or  having  wan- 

Equity,  n.    See  Equitable.        j  dered  fi-om  foiin  or  rule. 


n.     See  Eradi« 

Eradcre,  rasus. 
Efface.      Expunge. 


cate. 

Erase,  v.  tr. 
To  scrape  out. 

Si-K.      Obliterate. 
Blot    Cancel. 

Akt.  Mark.    AVrite.    Delineate. 

Erasube,  n.     See  Erase. 

Erect,  v.  tr.  Erigere,  erectus, 
to  erect. 

SrN.  Elevate.  Raise.  Establish.  Plant 
Uplift.    Construct    Build. 

Ant.  Lower.  Supplant  Subvert.  De- 
press.   Remove.    Destroy.    Demolish. 

Erection,  n.    See  Erect. 

Erode,  v.  tr.    See  Corrode. 

Ebb,  v.  int.  Errare.  To 
wander  from  the  right  Ime  of 
physical  or  mental  movement. 

SrN.  Deviate.   Wander.    Mistiike.  Blun- 
der.    Mi^udge.    Stumble.     Misapprehend 
;        A>T.  Succeed.    Prosper.    Correct.    Re  • 
I  tify. 


Si/ lion ij ins  and  Aidonijins. 


SvN.  Desultory.  Aberrant.  Abnormal. 
?"llgbty.    Changeful.    Capricious. 

Ant.  Regular.  Normal.  Methodical. 
i;alculable.  Unalterable.  Steady.  Unde- 
viating. 

Ebrob,  n.    See  Err. 

SvN.  Fault.  Mistake.  Blunder.  Falsity. 
Deception.    Fallacy.    Untruth. 

Ant.  Correction.  Correctness.  Truth. 
Accuracy.    Soundness.    Rectification. 

Erudition,  n.  E,  out  of,  and 
rudis,  rude  or  unlettered. 

Sxs.  Learning.  Lore.  Letters.  Scholar- 
ship. 

Ant.  llliterateness.  Duncedom.  Sciolism. 

Eruption,  ;?.  E  and  rumpere, 
ritptus,  to  break  or  hurst. 

Sin.  Outburst.  Explosion.  Discharge. 
Eructation.    Exsufflation. 

Ant.  Absorption.  Engulfing.  Engross- 
ment. Swallowing.  Irruption.  Inburst. 
Devourment. 

Escape,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fr.  echap- 
fir,  perhaps  from  Germ,  kampf, 
battle.    Comp.  Camp,  Decamp. 


Ant.  Incur.  Confront  Encounter. 
X^el.    .Suffer. 

Escheat,  v.  int.    See  Cheat. 

Eschew,  v.  tr.  Old  Germ. 
Scheie.     Eng.  shy.     See  Avoid. 

Escort,  v.  tr.  Fr.  It.  scoi^ta, 
a  guard  or  guide.     See  Convoy. 

Esculent,  adj.  Escu,  a  morsel. 
See  Edible. 

Esoteric,  adj.  f'a-a>,  iauyrepos, 
in,  inner.  Belonging  to  the 
learning  more  i)rivately.  Com- 
innnicated  to  more  privileged 
pupils  or  members. 

SrN.  Private.  Special.  Exacter.  Ad- 
vanced. 

Ant.  Public.  Popular.  Rudimentary. 
Exoteric. 

Especial,  adj.    See  Special. 

Espousal,  n.  Sponsus,  spon- 
dere,  to  betroth.    See  Marriage. 

Espy,  v.  tr.    See  Spy. 

Essay,  v.  int.  and  tr.  See 
Assay. 


161 


Essay,  n.  See  Assay  and  Dis- 
quisition. 

Essence,  n.  Essentia,  esse,  to 
be.  That  which  makes  a  thing  to 
be  -what  it  is. 

Syn.  Being.  Life.  Entity.  Nature. 
Substance. 

Ant.  Accident.  Property.  Additament. 
Garb.    Clothing.    Surroundings. 

Essential,  adj.  That  without 
which  a  thing  cannot  be  or  be 
conceived.  It  is  taken  out  of 
the  sphere  of  thought  and  im- 
ported into  that  of  action,  and 
then  becomes  a  synonym  of  Ee- 
quisite. 

Syn.  Innate.  Inherent.  Requisite, 
Necessary.    Vital.    Immanent. 

Ant.  Accidental.  Qualitative.  Quanti- 
tative. Promotive.  Regulative.  In- 
duced. Imported.  Adventitious.  Asci- 
titious.    Redundant.    Superfluous. 

Establish,  v.  tr.  Fr.  e'taUir. 
Lat.  stahilire,  sfubilis.  Comp. 
Stable,  from  Stare,  to  stand.  Ap- 
plied to  things  social  and  logical. 

Syn.  Plant.  Fix.  Settle.  I'ound.  De- 
monstrate.   Prove.    Substantiate. 

Ant.  Supplant.  Unsettle.  Break-up. 
Disestablish.  Misstate.  Confute.  Refute 
Upset.  Subvert.  Presume.  Suppose.  Guess. 
Conjecture.     Surmise. 

Established,  adj.  See  Es- 
tablish. 

Estate,  n.  Status,  a  standing 
Used  for  a  fixed  condition  and 
property. 

Syn.  Order.  Rank.  Condition.  Free- 
hold.    Domain. 

Ant.  State.  Community.  Country 
Waste.    Chattels.    Goods.    EfiTects. 

Esteem,  v.  tr.  Estimare,  from 
OPS,  brass  or  money.  To  value  or 
price  with  an  implied  meaning 
that  the  person  or  object  is  more 
or  less  worthy  of  favourable  re- 
gard. 

Syn.  Price.  Value.  Consider.  Deem. 
JudKe.  Believe.  Estimate.  Think.  Re- 
gard.   Affect.    Love.    Like. 

Ant.  Disregard.  Disconsider.  Disaffecl 
Dislike.  Undervalue.  UiK^errate.  Decry 
Depreciate 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antont/ms. 


162 


Estimable,  adj.  In  addition 
to  the  sense  of  capable  ot  valua- 
tion, has  accjuired  the  commoner 
meaning  of  worthy  of  regard. 

Svx.  Amiable.  Delectable.  Worthy. 
Good. 

AXT.  Uiiamlable.     liidelectable.      Uu- 

wortby.  Bad. 

Estimate,  v.  tr.  Sec  Esteem. 
Has  the  same  sense  as  esteem, 
with  a  more  distinct  reference  to 
the  social  or  commercial  than  to 
the  essential  or  intrinsic  value. 

Estimation,  n.    See  Esteem. 

Estrange,  v.  tr.  To  make 
strange,  from  extra,  extraneous. 
See  Alienate. 

EsUKlENT,  adj.  Esurire,  to 
desire  to  eat.  Prom  edere,  to  tat. 
See  Starved. 

Eternal,  adj.  Etemus,  oevum, 
oevitas,  atas,  an  age.  From  age 
to  age. 

Sra.  Infinite.  Endless,  rerpetu.il.  Un- 
dylug.    Unceasing. 

Ant.  Ephemeral.  Transient.  Tern- 
poial.    Fleeting.    Evanescent.     Subliinary. 

Etiquette,  «.  Fr.  for  ticket 
or  label.  A  passport  into  good 
society,  thence  the  form  of  such 
society. 

Syn.  Manners.  Breeding.  Fashion.  Con- 
TCntionality. 

Ant.  Boorishness.  Rudeness.  Misob- 
servan  se.    Singularity.    Nonconformance. 

Eulogy,  n.  ev,  tvell,  and 
Xe^fii',  to  speak:  A  set  speech 
in  one's  praise.     See  Praise. 

Euphuism,  v.  From  Lyly's 
Euphues,  a  work  which  gave  rise 
to  an  affected  style  of  talk  at  one 
time  fashionable  in  the  Court  of 
Elizabeth. 

Syn.  Affectation.  Pedantry.  Purism. 
Highflying.    Finicality.    Factitionsness. 

Ant.  Simplicity.  Rusticity.  Bluntness. 
Naturalness.    Mother-tougue,    Vernacular. 

EuPHUiBTic,  adj.  See  Eu- 
phuism. 


Evacuate,  v.  tr.  R  and 
vacuus,  to  discJiarge  so  as  to  leave 
empty.  Especially  used  as  a 
military  term. 

Syn.  Void.    Abandon.    Desert. 
Ant.  Occupy.    Seize.    FilL    Hold. 

Evade,  v.  tr.  E  and  vadere, 
logo.  To  get  out  of  the  way. 
See  Elude. 

Evanescent,  adj.  E  and 
vanescere,  vanus,  to  become  vain  or 
void.     See  Ephemeral. 

Evaporate,  v.  -int.  E  and 
vapor,  vapour,  or  steam.  To  go 
off  in  steam,  to  disappear  as  if 
in  vapour. 

Syn.  Melt.  CoUiquate.  Liquefy.  Va- 
porize.  Disappear.  Dissolve.  Exhale. 
Distil. 

Ant.  Consolidate.  Compact.  Solidify. 
Indurate.    Crystallize. 

Evaporation,  n.  See  Eva- 
porate. 

Evasion,  o^.  See  Evade.  Has 
a  sense  peculiar  to  it,  that  of 
eluding  the  statement,  question, 
or  charge  of  another. 

Syn.  Prevarication.    Shuffle.    Fencing. 
Ant.  Answer.  Counter-argument.  Grap- 
pling. 

Even,  adj.  Sax.  Used  phy- 
sically and  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Level.  Smooth.  Uniform.  Equable. 

Ant.  Inclined.  Abrupt.  Rugged.  Va- 
riable.   Uneven. 

Event,  ??.  Evenire,  veritus,to 
cmne  forth  or  happen. 

Syn.  Occurrence.  Circumstance.  Issue. 
Result.    Fact.    Incident. 

Ant.  Cause.  Antecedent-  Operation. 
Inducement.  Contribution.  Convergence. 
Predisposition.    Tendency. 

Eventful,  adj.  See  Event. 
Full  of  remarkable  events. 

Syn.  Remarkable.  Memorable.  Signal. 
Important.  Marked.  Noted.  CriticaL  Stir- 
ring.     Notoble. 

AST.  Ordinaiy.  Unsiarked.  Unun- 
portant  Evendess.  UcjQterertlng.  Qm- 
racterless.    Trivial. 


Si/)ioiii/iiis  and  Autonyms. 


\c:s 


Ever,  ar'r.     Sax. 
SvN.  Always.    Coiitiuuullj-. 
Akt.  Never. 

EvERSioN,  n.  E  Old,  and 
vertere,  to  turn.  A  turning  inside 
out. 

Stn.  Evolution.    Explication. 
Akt.  Inversion.     Involution.     Implica- 
tion. 

Evert,  adf.  Ever,  each.  An 
expression  for  regarding  all  in- 
dividual parts  or  persons  in  the 
aggregate  to  which  they  belong. 
iSee  Ever.     Each  is  ilk. 

Stn.  All. 

Ant.  None. 

Evict,  v.  tr,  Evincere,  to  dis- 
possess hy  force. 

Syn.  Dispossess.    Eject. 

Ant.  Reinstate.  Admit.  Settle.  Lo- 
cate.   Lodge. 

Eviction,  n.    See  Evict. 

Evidence,  n.  Evidentin,  evi- 
dere.  The  manifestation  of  that 
which  goes  to  establish  a  charge 
or  question. 

Svx.  Manifestation.  Appearance.  Sign. 
Token.  Proof.  Indii-ation.  Exemplifica- 
tion.   Illustration. 

Akt.  Surmise.  Conjecture.  Counter- 
evidence.  Disproof.  Refutation.  Conceal- 
ment. Suppression.  Misindicatiou.  Fal- 
lacy. 

Evident,  adj.     See  E\'idence. 

Srs.  Plain.  Visible.  Conspicuous.  Mani- 
fest.   Indisputable.     Incontrovertible. 

Ant.  Doubtful.  Obscure.  Questionable. 
Uncertain.    Dubious. 

Evil,  adj.  Sax.  E/el,  having 
what  is  physically  deleterious. 
Morally  wrong,  circumstantially 
adverse. 

Syn.  11!.  Noxious.  Deleteriois.  Wrong. 
Bad.  Mischievous.  Hurtful.  Sinful.  Un- 
happy. Adverse.  Unprupitious.  Miser- 
able.   Sorrowful. 

Ant.  Wholesome.  Beneficial.  Right. 
Virtuous.  Holy.  Pure.  Happy.  Fortu- 
nate. Felicitous.  Joyous.  Welcome.  Grate- 
ful.   Good. 

Evince,  v.  tr.  See  Evict.  To 
show  in  a  forcible  way. 


Svx.  Exhibit.    Evidence.    Show.    no\e 
A.st.    Suppress.      Di.-prove.     N  guti\e. 
Conceal. 

Eviscerate,  v.  tr.  E  and 
viscera,  the  bowels.  To  take  out 
the  inside. 

Syn.  Disembowel.    Draw. 
Ant.  Stuff.    Cram.    Pad. 

Evoke,  v.  tr.  Evocare,  to  call 
forth. 

SvN.  E.Kcite.  Educe.  Provoke.  Elicit. 
Produce.    Eliminate.   Extract. 

Ant.  Allay.  Stifle.  Stop.  Silence, 
Prevent.    Seal. 

Evolution,  ?!.  Evindvolvere, 
to  turn  or  roll.  Applied  to 
studied  exercises  of  the  body. 
See  Altitude. 

Exacerbate,  v.  tr.    Ex  and 

acerhus,  sour.    See  Exasperate. 

Exact,  adj.  Exigere,  to  exact, 
exactus.     See  Accurate. 

Exactly,  adv.    See  Exact. 

Syn.  Precisely.  Accurately.  Corrc- 
spondently. 

Ant.  Loosely.  Inadequately.  Incor- 
rectly.   Differently.     Otherwise. 

Exaggerate,  v.  tr.  Ex  and 
agger,  a  heap  or  mound  of  earth 
thrmvn  up  hy  digging.  To  am- 
plify beyond  the  strict  bounds  of 
truth  and  justice. 

Si-N.  ]\lagnify.  Overstate.  Overdraw. 
Strain.    Overpaint.    Overestimate. 

Ant.  Disparage.  Attenuate.  Palliate. 
Understate.  Underestimate.  I^nify.  Mi- 
tigate.   Soften.    Qualify.     Modify. 

Exalt,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  alius, 
high.     See  Elevate. 

Exalted,  adj.    See  Exalt. 

Examine,  v.  tr.  Examinare, 
exanien,  a  balance.  Pr02)erly  the 
tongue  of  the  balance. 

Syn.  Weigh.  Ponder.  Investigate.  Per- 
pend. Test.  Scrutinize.  Criticise.  Prove. 
Study.    Discuss.    Inquire.    Search. 

Ant.  Discard.  Conjecture.  Guess.  Slur. 
Misconsider.    Misinvesligate. 

Example,  n.     Exemphn  i,  exi' 
mere,  to  take   out  frwn  a  larget 
H  2 


16i 


giiantity  as  a  sample.  Comp. 
Sample.  Its  meaning  has  been 
widened  so  as  to  express  the  ap- 
plication of  that  idea  in  such 
ways  as  the  following. 

SvN.  Samplp.  Specimen.  Pattern.  Model. 
Illustration.  Instance.  Issue.  Uevelup- 
Bient. 

Ant.  Stock.  M.iterial.  Substance.  Law. 
TiUle.  Character.  Principle.  System. 
Quality.     Case. 

With  any  other  correlatives, 
that  is,  things  of  wliich  exami)les 
are  given. 

Exanimate,  adj.  See  Inani- 
niate  and  Dead. 

Exasperate,  v.  tr.  Ex  and 
asper,  to  drmu  out  the  rough  qua- 
lities.    See  Aggravate. 

Excavate,  v.  tr.  Ex  and 
mvKs,  hollow.     To  dig  out. 

SvN.  Dig.  Hollow.  Trench.  DiscoTer. 
Disinter. 

Ant.  Bury.  Fill.  Level.  Conceal. 
Inter.    Inhume. 

Exceed,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  cedere, 
to  go.  To  surj^ass  generally.  To 
surpass  in  what  is  good, 'being 
expressed  by  excel.  Sometimes 
used  intransitively  for,  to  be  ex- 
cessive.    See  Surpass.  , 

Exceeding,  adj.    See  Exceed. 

Exceedingly,  adv.  See  Ex- 
ceeding. 

Excel,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Excel- 
Ire.  Has  the  same  sense  as 
Exceed,  but  confined  to  cases  of 
merit  and  superiority.  See  Sur- 
pass. 

Excellence,  n.,  Excellent, 
adj.     See  Excel. 

Except,  2^''<t-  Excipcre.  To 
take  out  of  a  common  statement, 
class,  or  rule. 

SvN.  Exclude.  Save.  Bar.  Segregate. 
Negative. 

Ant.  Count.  Include.  Kecknn.  State. 
aaMlly.    J'ropound.    Affirm.    Admit. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 

ExCErTION, 


See  Except. 

SvN.  Qualification.    Separation.    Exclu. 
sion. 


Exceptionable,  adj.  From 
Exception  in  the  sense  of  objec- 
tion, as  to  take  exception  to  a 
thing,  that  is,  to  ]3lace  it  out  of 
the  category  of  things  one  ap- 
proves. 

Sin.  Objectionable.    Undesirable. 
A.NT.  Unobjectionable.    Desirable.     Un- 
exceptionable.    Exemplary. 

Exceptional.    Sf-e  Exception. 

SvN.  Rare.  Peculiar.  Uncommon.  Irre- 
gular.   Unusual.    Abnormal. 

Ant.  Common.  Regular.  Normal. 
Usual.    Ordinary. 

Exceptious,  adj.  See  Con- 
tentious. 

Excess,  72.  >See  Exceed.  Used 
for  a  mere  physical  or  numerical 
balance,  or,  morally,  for  the  ab- 
sence of  self-control. 

Srx.  Advance.  Increase.  Abundance. 
Redundancy.  Superfluity.  Extravagance. 
Dcbaucherj'.    Intemperance. 

Ant.  Deficiency.  Failure.  Shortcom- 
ing.   Insufficiency.   Temperance.    Sobriety. 

Excessive,  adj.    Six  Excess. 

Stn.  Enormous.  Undue.  Exorbitant 
Overmuch. 

Ant.  Insufficient.    Scant.    Inadeq:«te. 

Exchange,  v.  tr.   See  Change. 

Excision,  7i.  Excidere,  to  cut 
out.    See  Eradication. 

Excitability,  «.  Ex  and 
citure,  intense  fonn  of  ciere,  to 
rouse. 

SvN.  Sensibility.  Sensitiveness.  Irasci- 
bility.    Irritability. 

Ant.  Immobility.  Imperturbability. 
Insensitiveness.    Composure.    Hebetude. 

Excitation,  «.    See  Eouse. 
Excite,  v.  tr.  See  Excitabihty. 

Six.  iSee  Allay. 

Exclaim,  v.  int.    Ex  and  cla- 
mare,  to  call.    See  Ejaculate. 
Exclude,    v.    tr.      Ex    and 

cl  lud-rt,  to  shut.     ,S<''  Admit. 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


165 


Exclusive,  rulj.  See  Exclude 
and  Comprehensive. 

Excogitation,  n.  A  complete 
cogitation,  which  see. 

Snj.  Elaboration.    Deduction. 

Akt.  Guess.    Suimise. 

EXCOMMUNICATK,  V.  tr.  Ex 
and  communis,  common.  To  put 
out  of  the  society  and  privileges 
of  the  common  body. 

~    "    '        ""  Bur.     Iject. 

Inaugurate. 

Ex    and 


Biiiish. 
Readmit. 


Si-N.  Exclude, 
Blaclc-ball. 

Ant.  Admit 
Enrol. 

Excrescence, 

crescere,  to  grow. 

Syn.  Superfluity.  Redundancy.  Ira- 
postliume.    Tumour. 

Ant.  Eradication.  Extirpation.  E.\- 
cision.    Levigation.  Exsection. 

EXCRUCIATB,  V.  tr.  Ex,  out, 
and  cruciare,  crux,  to  tahe  out  the 
life  by  crucifixion.  Used  meta- 
phorically and  exaggeratively. 

Stn.  Agonize.   Torture.  Torment.  Rack. 
Ant.  Soothe.    Please.    Tranquillize. 

Excruciating,  adj.  See  Ex- 
cruciate. 

Exculpate,  v.  tr.  Ex  and 
culpii,  a  fault.  To  free  from  a 
charge,  or  endeavour  to  do  so. 

Sy.v.  Defend.  Vindicate.  Exonerate. 
Acquit.    Release. 

Ant.  Cbarge.    Inculpate.    Implicate. 

Excursive,  adj.  See  Discur- 
sive. 

Excuse,  v.  tr.  Excusare, 
musn,  a  cause.  To  rid  of  accu- 
eation. 

Syn.  Exculpate.  Absolve.  Pardon.  For- 
give. Overlook.  Condone.  Remit.  In- 
dulge. Justify.  Vindicate.  Defend.  Ex- 
onerate. 

Ant.  Charge.  Inculpate.  Condemn. 
Sentence.    Exact.    Strain.    Accuse. 

Execrable,  adj.  Exsecrari, 
scKer.  To  condemn  or  protest 
against,  as  unholy. 

Syn.   Detestable.    Loathsome.    Hateful, 
bominable.    Damnable. 
Ant.  Desirable.    Eligible.    Respectable. 
«dable. 


Execrate,  v.  tr.  See  Exe- 
crable and  Abominate. 

Execute,  v.  tr.  Ex  seqvi, 
seqit^,  to  follow  out  to  the  end. 
See  Consummate, 

Exemplary,  adj.  Exem2Jum, 
a  modd.  Said  of  chai'acter  and 
conduct. 

Syn.  Laudable.  Praiseworthy.  Conspi- 
cuous.   Honourable. 

Ant.  Detestable.  Objectionable.  Ex- 
ceptionable. 

Exemplify,  v.  tr.  See  Ex- 
ample. 

SvN.  Illustrate.      Manifest.      Embody. 

Exhibit.  R^present. 

Ant.  Betray.  Falsify.  Misrepresent. 
Belie. 

Exempt,  adj.  Eximere,  cmere, 
to  buy.  Bought  oif.  Generally 
applied  to  immunity. 

Syn.  Free.    Irresponsible.    Unamenable. 
Ant.    Subject.      Responsible.       Liable. 
Amenable. 

Exemption,  n. 

Syn.  Freedom.  Immunity.  Dispensa- 
tion.   Privilege.    License. 

Ant.  Liability.  Amenableness.  Sub- 
jection.   Responsibility. 

Exercise,  v.  tr.  Exercere,  to 
practise.  Originally  a  mihtary 
phrase;  whence  exercifus,  an 
army.  Afterwards  applied  to 
the  systematic  use  of  bodily  and 
mental  faculties,  or  training. 

Sin.  Practise.  Train.  Cultivate.  De- 
velope. 

Ant.  Rest.  Ease.  Disuse.  Respite. 
Relax.    Recreate. 

Exercise,  n.     See  verb. 

Exertion,  n.  Ex  and  screre, 
to  Join  or  bind  together.  To  put 
forth  strenuously. 

Syn.  Effort.     Labour.    Toil. 

Ant.  Rela.xation.    Recreation.    Rest, 

Exhalation,     n.      Ex    and 

haJare,  to  breathe. 

Syn.  Mist.     Damp.    Effluvium. 


Ant.  Absorption.    Exsiccaticn, 
tion. 

Exhaust, 


luhaia- 

tr.      Ex    and 


ica 


tSynomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Tiaurire,  to  cirau;.  To  draw  ;  to 
drain  ofif  liquid ;  or,  metapliori- 
cally,  strength,  resources,  &c. 

SrN.  Empty.  Void.  Drain.  AVeakcn. 
Weary. 

Ant.  Kill.  Replenish.  Augment.  In- 
\'gorate.    Refresh. 

Exhaustion,  n.    See  Exhaust. 
Exhibit,  v.  tr.     Exhibere.    To 
hold  forth  or  show. 

Stn.  Show.  Manifest.  Evidence.  Evince. 
Betray.    Demonstrate.    Illustrate. 

Ant.  Suppress.  Conceal.  Secrete.  Mask. 
Hide. 

Exhilarate,  v.  tr.  Hilaris, 
joyous.    To  make  joyous. 

Stn.  Gladden.    Rejoice.  Inspirit.    Elate. 
Ant.  Depress.    Dispirit.    Unnerve.   Un- 
hinge. 

Exhort,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  hortari. 
To  advise. 

Sra.  Urge.    Advise.    Costisel.     Enjoin. 
Ant.  Deprecate.    Dissuade.  Warn.    Re- 
monstrate. 

Exhume,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  humus, 
the  ground.     See  Inter. 

Exigency,  n.  Exigpre,  to  exact. 
An  urgent  or  exacting  case  of 
want ;  or  a  state  of  things  press- 
ing hard  upon  a  person. 

Stn.  Urgency.  Pressure.  Emergency. 
Conjuncture.    Crisis. 

Ant.  Provision.  Preparation.  Supply. 
Rule.    Course. 

Exile,  v.     Exilium,  exile. 

Syn.  Banish.    Relegate. 
Ant.    AVelcome.     Reinstate.     Domesti- 
cate.   Domiciliate. 

Existence,  n.  Existentia, 
existere,  to  exist. 

S\-N.  Being.    Entity.    Creature. 

Ant.        Nonentity.  Non-e.\istence. 

Chimera. 

Exit,  v.  Exitus,  exire,  to  go 
out.    See  Approach  and  Egress. 

Exonerate,  v.  tr.  To  relieve 
of  the  burden.  Onus,  eris,  a 
burden  of  a  charge  or  accusation. 
See  Exculpate. 

Exorbitant,   adf.      Ex   and 


07-bita,  an  orbit.  Out  of  the  usaai 
way.     See  Excessive. 

Exoteric,  adj.     e^a,  e^wrepoj. 

Outer.    See  Esoteric. 

Exotic,  adj.    See  Foreign. 

Expand,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ex 
and  pander e,  to  open. 

Sts.  SweU.  Dilate.  Spread.  Exteni 
Amplify. 

Ant.  Contract.  Curtail.  Attenuate. 
Restrict.    Condense. 

Expanse,  n. 

Stn.  Vast.    Void.    Space.    Breadth. 
Ant.  Limit.  Enclosure.  Confine.  Bound. 

Expatiate,  v.  int.  Ex  and 
spatiari,  to  walk.  To  ti'averse 
the  length  and  breadth  of  a  sulv 
ject.  Followed  by  the  prep. 
upon. 

SrN.  Amplify.    Enlarge.    Dilate. 
Ant.    Contract.    Condense.     Epitomize. 
Summarize. 

Expatriate,  v.  tr.  Ex,  out, 
and  putria,  one's  native  country. 
See  Banish. 

Expect,  v.  tr.  Expectnn-,  e 
and  spicere.     To  look  out  for. 

Anticipate.  "" 


SYN. 

Forebode, 

Ant.      Welcome, 
Greet.    Realize. 


Await.       Forecast. 
Hail.      Recognize. 


Expediency,  n.  Expedire,  to 
expedite,  or  be  expedient. 

Syn.  Utility.    Advantage.    Interest. 

Ant.  Inexpediency.  Disadvantage.  Ii:- 
utility.    Detriment. 

Expedient,  adj.  See  Expedi- 
ency. 

Expedite,  v.  tr.  See  Expedi- 
ency and  Accelerate. 

Expedition,  n.  See  Expedi- 
ency. Technically  used  of  a 
military  r^ovement,  or  an  ex- 
ploring movement. 

Stn.  Haste.    Speed.    Despatch. 
Ant.    Delay.     Tardiness.     Procrastina- 
tion. 

Expel,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  pdlcre, 
to  drive.     See  Eject. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


167 


Expend,  v.  tr.  I'.v  and  j^e??- 
dere,  to  pay. 

Syx.  Spend.  I^ay  out.  Waste.  Cou- 
mime.    Use. 

Ant.  Save.    Husband.    Economize. 

Expense,  n.    See  Expend. 

SvN.  Price.  Cost.  Payment.  Expendi- 
ture.   Outlay. 

Ant.  Income.    Profit.    Receipt. 

Expensive,  adj.    See  Expend. 

Stn.  Cosily.  Valuable.  Rich.  Extra- 
vagant 

Airr.  Cheap.  AVorthless.  Poor.  Eco- 
nomical 

Experience,  v.  Experientia, 
experiri,  to  try. 

Stn.  Try.  Feel.  Undergo.  Encounter. 
Endure. 

Ant.  Evade.    Escape.    Jliss.    Lose. 

Experience,  n.    See  verb. 
Experienced,  adj.     See  Ex- 
perience. 

Syn.  Skilled.  Practised.  Familiar.  Ac- 
customed.   Conversant. 

Ant.  Inexperienced.  Strange.  Unprac- 
tised 

Experiment,  n.     See  above. 

Srx.  Trial.  Illustration.  Test.  Exem- 
plification. 

Ant.  Conjecture.  Assumption.  Hypo- 
thesis. 

Expert,  ndj.  See  above.  One 
who  has  experienced  or  tried,  till 
he  has  become  ready  at  the 
ai-t.     See  Clever, 

Expiate,  v.  ir.  Ex  and  plare, 
to  appease.     See  Atonement. 

Expire,  v.  inf.  Ex,  out,  and 
spirare,  to  hreathe.  See  Die  and 
Terminate.  Used  also  as  a  syno- 
nym for  exhale,  as  opposed  to 
inspu'e. 

Explain,  v.  tr.  Ex  ajii  planus, 
plain  or  smooth.  To  make 
smooth. 

Stn.  Expound.    Teaih.    Illustrate. 
Akt.  Mystify.    Obscure.    Misinterpret. 

Explanation,  n.  See  Ex- 
plain. 

Explanatory,  a^tj.  See  Ex- 
plain, 


Explication,  n.  Fx  and 
plicare,  to  fold.  See  Explana- 
tion. 

Explicit,  adj.  See  Exphca- 
tion. 

Stn.  Plain.  Detailed.  Inobscure.  De- 
claratory.   Categorical.    Stated. 

Ant.  Imjilicit.  Implied.  Hinted.  Sug- 
gestive.   Obscure. 

Explode,  v.  int.  E.xpIoderc, 
from  plaudere,  to  clap.  Conn. 
Applaud.     See  Burst. 

Exploit,  n.  Explicare,  to  un- 
fold.   See  Achievement. 

Explore,  v.  tr.  Exphrare. 
See  Examine. 

Explosion,  n.    See  Explode. 

Exponent,  n.  Exponere,  to 
put  forth  or  expound. 

Stn.  Interpreter.  Propounder.  Advo- 
cate.   Representative. 

Aht.  System.  Opinion.  Creed.  Prin- 
ciple. 

Expobt,  V.  tr.  Exportare.  To 
carry  out. 

Stn.  Ship.    Produce 
Ant.  Import.    Consume. 

Expose,  v.  tr.  See  Exponent. 
To  lay  bare  of  covering;  and, 
metaphorically,  so  to  ti'eat  cha- 
racter or  motives.     *S'ee  Conceal. 

Exposition,  n.  See  Exponent 
and  Explanation. 

Expositor,  n.    See  Exponent. 

Expository,  adj.  See  Ex- 
planatory. 

Expostulate,  v.  int.  Er, 
out,  and  postuiure,  to  ask.  To 
ask  or  require  a  person  to  leave 
or  forego  a  certain  course  of 
action. 

Stn.  Object.    Remonstrate. 
Ant.  Coincide.    Abet. 

Expound,  v.  tr.  Same  word 
as  Expose,  having  come  to  us 
through  the  French  espondre. 
See  Explain. 


>S>jnGni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


168 


Express,  v.  tr.  Exprimerp, 
pressua.  To  press  out.  Used  in 
a  physical  or  literal  sense  also. 

Stn.  .See  Enunciate  and  State. 


3,  ad).  See  verb. 
Stn.  Specific.  Pointed.  Direct. 
Ant.  UeneraU    Vague.    Leisurely. 


Expression,  n 
the  character  of  the  countenance,   Apply, 
and  the  use    or  collocation    of 
words. 

Sru.  Countenance.  Look.  Indication. 
Phrase.    Term. 

Ant.  Face.  Features.  Lineament. 
Falsification.  Misstatement.  Solecism. 
■Enigma.    Suppression. 


Extempore,  adj.  and  adv.  Ex, 
out  of,  and  tempuff,  the  occasiorti 
Stn.  Oflfhanl.    Unpremeditated. 
Ant.  Sludiel.    Prepared.    Premeditated. 

Extend,  v.  tr.  and  int.     Ex 

and  tendere,  to  stretch.     Act.  and 

neid. 

.        r    1     f  ^^'-    Prolong.    Stretch.    Expand.     En- 

Appiieci    to    large.    Increase.    Augment.   Reach.  Avail. 


Expulsion,  n.    See  Expel. 

Expunge,  v.  tr.  Ex  and 
ivmgere,  to  prick.  To  prick  or 
rub  out  with  something  pointed, 
as  a  pen. 

Sra.  Efface.    Obliterate.    Erase.  Cancel. 
Ant.  Write.    Delineate.    Mark.    Trace. 

Expurgation,  n.  Expurgare, 
fa  cleanse.  A  cleansing.  See 
Absterge. 

Exquisite,  adj.  Exquirere, 
to  seek  out ;  exquisitus.  That 
"which  is  sought  or  chosen  out 
of  a  nmnber  for  its  superiority. 

Stn.  Choice.    Rare.    Refined. 
Akt.  Common.    Coarse.    Ordinary. 

Exquisitely,  adu.  See  Ex- 
quisite. 

ExsUFFLATioN,  n.  Ex  and 
snfflare,  to  blow  upwards.  Comp. 
-Fr.  souffle. 

Stn.  Ebullition.    Eruption.    Eructation. 

Ant.  Absorption.  Inhalation.  Gorge- 
ment.    Deglutition. 

EXSUSCITATE,  V.  tr.  See  Sus- 
citate. 

Extant,  adj'.  Ex  and  stare,  to 
stand  or  exist. 

Stk.  E.\i8teiit  Surviving.  Current, 
forthcoming.     Present. 

AST.  Dtfunet.     Lost     Obsolete.    Past. 


.\nt.  Curtail.    Contract.   Restrict.    Nar- 
row.   Limit.    Recur.    Return.    Miss.  FaiU 

Extensile,  adj'.     See  Extend 
and  Ductile. 

See    Extend 

See    above 


Extension,  n. 
and  Space. 

Extensive,  adj. 
and  Spacious. 

Extent,  v.    See  above. 

SvN.  Degree.  Distance.  Quantity.  Space. 
Size. 

Ant.  Diminution.  Restriction.  Limita- 
tion. 

Extenuate,  v.  tr.  Ex  and 
tenuis,  s7naU.  Used  only  of  the 
mitigation  of  unfavourable  state- 
ments or  appearances. 

S™.  iliUgate.    Qualify.    Palliate. 

Ant.  Aggravate.    Heighten.    Enhance. 

Exterior,  n.    Lat. 

Stn.  Outside.  Surface.  Face.  Aspect. 
Phase. 

Ant.  Interior.    Heart.    Core. 

Exterminate,  v.  fr.  See  Ex- 
termination. 

Extermination,  v.    Ex  and 

terminus,  the  boundary  of  a  coun- 
try. To  utterly  destroy,  and  so 
take  away  from  the  place  of  oc- 
cupation. Etymologically,  the 
word  might  mean  expulsion, 
but,  as  a  fact,  is  never  so  used. 

Stn.  Eradication.  E.\tirpation.  Aboli- 
tion.   Distraction. 

Ant.  Settlement.  Replenishment.  Aug- 
mentiition.  Colonization.  IV'pulatiou. 
Propagation.    Increase. 

External,  adj.  Extiinus, 
extra.     Outside. 


Si/iionijms  and  Ajilomjms. 


1  CD 


Ptk,  Outer.  Apparent.  Manifest.  Super- 
ficial.    VUMe.    Palpable. 

Ant.      Juner.      Internal.      Inapparent. 

Hidiien.    Inmost.    Intestine. 

Extinction,  n.  Exstlnguere, 
to  put  out.  To  destroy  the  life 
of  a  person  or  body.  Applied 
also  metaphorically,  as,  for  in- 1  common  rank  or  run  of  things, 

stance,  to  customs.  ,.    ^^V;   Unwonted.      Uncommon.      Pecu- 

lescence. 


Stn.  Extrinsic.  Kxternal.  ForpiiMi. 
Outside.  Alien.  Unconnected.  Unnlaud. 
Ascititious.    Adventitious. 

Ant.  Intrinsic.  Internal.  Vital.  Cui- 
nected.    Essential, 

EXTRAORDINAET,    adj.       E.rtrn 

ordinem.     Beyond  or  Ijeside  the 


Annihilaiion.      Obso- 


Ant.  Origination.  Inception.  Planting. 
Birth.  Life.  Course.  Operation.  Action. 
Exercise.  Prosperity.  Continuance.  Sur- 
vival. 

Extinguish,  v.  tr.  See  Ex- 
tinction. 

Stn.  Abolish.  Destroy.  Extirpate. 
Eradicate.    Kill.    Quench.    Annihilate. 

Ant.  Implant.  Replenish.  Cherish. 
Promote.  Invigorate.  I'rupagate.  Establish. 
Confirm.    Secure. 

Extirpate,  v.  tr.  Ex,  out, 
and  siirps,  a  stem.  To  pull  up 
by  the  stem.    See  Eradicate. 

Extol,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  tollere, 
to  raise.  To  raise  in  laudation. 
To  exalt  in  praise.    See  Praise. 

Extort,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  to7-- 
rjuere,  to  twist  or  ivring,  tortus. 
Com  p.  Torture. 

Stn.  Wring.  Express.  Squeeze  out. 
Wrench.     \Vrest.     Extract. 

Ant.  Coax.    Wheedle.    Cajole.    Cheat. 

Extortionate,  adj.  Given 
to  extorting.  See  Extort.  Also 
applied  to  the  thing  which  is  the 
subject  of  extortion. 

Stn.  Hard.  Close-fisted.  Severe.  Rigo- 
roas.  Exacting.  Exorbitant.  Preposterous. 
Monstrous. 

Akt.  Liberal.  Indulgent.  Bountiful. 
Reasonable.     Fair.    Moderate. 

Extract,  v.  tr.  Ex  and  tra- 
herp,  tractus,  to  draw. 

Stn.  Draw.  Educe.  Take  out.  Gather. 
Quote.    Collect.    Extort. 

Am.  Replace.  Insert.  Restore.  Im- 
pose,   incorporate.    Reinsert. 

Extraneous,  adj.  Lat.  ex- 
traneus,  extra,  without  Comp. 
Stranger. 


posterous. 

Ant.  Wonted.  Common.  Usual.  Or- 
dinary. Frequent.  Unremarkable.  Unim- 
port  ant. 

Extravagant,  adj.  Extra 
and  vafiari,  to  wander,  vagus. 
Conn.  Vague.  Which  wanders 
from  or  exceeds  the  boundaries 
of  propriety  or  moderation  in 
thought  or  management. 

Stn.  Wild.  Monstrous.  Preposterous. 
Absurd.  Prodigal.  Wasteful.  Reckless. 
Abnormal. 

Ant.  Sound.  Sober.  Consistent.  Ra- 
tional. Fair.  EconomicaL  Frugal.  Care- 
ful.   Regular.    Usual. 

Extreme,  adj.  Extremus.  Is 
used  of  that  which  is  physically 
or  mentally  the  boundary  of  a 
place  or  subject,  and  also  of  that 
which  is  morally  indicative  of 
excess  in  thought  or  opinion. 

Sra.  Terminal.  Final.  Remote. 
Farthest.  Last.  Extravagant.  Immode- 
rate. 

Ant.  Initial.  Primal.  Moderate.  Jj. 
dicious. 

Extremity,  v.    See  Extreme. 

Stn.  End.  Termination.  Close.  Con- 
elusion. 

Ant.  Beginning.  Commencement.  0pei> 
mg.    Origin.    Body.    Centre.    Bulk. 

Extricate,  v.  tr.  Ex  and 
tricce,  minute  impedivients,  as, 
the  meshes  of  a  net,  or  the  small 
feathers  on  the  legs  of  birds, 
which  catch  their  feet.  See  In- 
volve. 
^  Extrinsic,  adj.  Extrinsecus. 
See  Extraneous. 

ExTBUDP,  V.  tr.  Ex  and 
trudcre,  to  thrust. 


Si/nonyms  and  Anionyms. 


170 

Stn.  Thrnst  out.    tject.    Expel. 
AST.  Intrude.    Insert.    Introduce. 

Exuberant,  adj.  Exuberare, 
uber,  the  udder.  To  teem.  See 
Abtmclant. 

Exudation,  n.  Ex  and  sudare, 
to  sweat. 

Stn.  Ooze.    Drip.    Percnlation. 

Ant.  Absorption.    Aridity.    Parching. 

Exude.    See  Exudation. 

Exude,  v.  int.  See  Exudation. 
To  drip  or  percolate. 

Exultant,  adj.  Exultare,  from 
salire,  to  leap  (for  joy). 

Stk.  Kejoicing.  Elated.  Jubilant. 
Joyous.    Triumphant. 

Ant.  Mournful.    Depressed.    Dispirited. 

Exult,  v.  int.    See  Exultant. 


F. 

Fable  n.  For,  fan,  to  speak. 
An  instructive  mode  of  speech, 
having  for  its  object  prudential 
morality,  and  its  vehicle  an  ima- 
ginary view  of  nature.  Some- 
times used  for  false  ^  representa- 
tion. See  Parable,  Metaphor, 
Allegory,  Proverb,  for  the  diflfer- 
ences  between  them. 

SvN.  Apologue.  Fiction.  Invention.  Fab- 
rication. 

Ant.  History.    Narrative,    lact. 

Eabric,  n.  Fabricare,  to  fabri- 
cate, faber,  a  ivorker  in  hard  ma- 
terials, a  smith,  a  mrpcnier.  It 
has  come  to  be  employed  also  of 
lighter  work  and  manufacture, 
as  silk  and  muslin. 

Stn.  Work.  Construction.  Edifice.  Web. 

A.NT.  Destruction.  Dismantlement.  De- 
molition. Frapnent.  Wreck.  Tatters. 
Ruin.    Kags.    Shreds. 

Fabricate,  v.  tr.  See  Fabric. 
Also  used  for  the  work  of  fic- 
titious composition. 


Stn.  Construct.  M&'te.  Form.  Fcrge. 
Invent.    Falsify.    Misrepresent. 

Ant.  Demolish.  Tear.  Spoil.  Ucerate. 
Dismember.  Destroy.  Narrate.  Copy. 
Represent.    Portray.    Repeat. 

Fabulous,  adj.     See  Fable. 

Stn.  Fictitious,  incredible.  False.  Mon» 
strous. 

Ant.  Actual.  Real.  Historic.  Authentic. 
Reasonable.    Fair.    True. 

Face,  h.    Fades.    See  Aspect. 
Facetious,  adj.     Facetia,  ivit. 

Syn.  Witty,  Funny.  Humorous.  Droll. 
Jocose.  „ 

Ant.  Heavy.  Matter-of-fact.  Dull.  Grave. 
Serious.    Lugubrious.    Sombre.    Saturnine. 

Facile,  adj.  Facilis.  Easy  to 
perform,  and  also  easy  to  manage 
or  influence. 

Stn.  Docile.  Tractable.  Manageable.  In- 
dulgent. Weak.  Irresolute.  Characterless. 
Pliable.  .     . 

Ant.  Sturdy.  Obstinate.  Determined 
Resolute.  Pig-headed.  Crusty.  Inflexible. 
Self-willed.    Independent.    Self-reliant. 

Facilitate,  v.  tr.     See  Facile 
and  Expedite. 
Facility,  n.    See  Facile, 

SvN.  Ease.  Address.  Readiness.  Quick- 
ness.   Adroitness. 

Ant.  Labour.  Effort.  Awkwardness. 
Difficulty. 

Facinorous,  adj.  Facinus,  oris, 
an  atrocity.     See  Atrocious. 

Fact,  n.  Facer  e,  fact  its,  to  do. 
A  thing  done. 

Stn.  Trath.  Deed.  Occurrence.  Circimi- 
stance.    Event.    Reality. 

Ant.  Fiction.  Supposition.  Falsehood. 
Unreality.  Lie.  Delusion.  Chimera.  In- 
vention.   Romance. 

Faction,  w.  Factio,  facere,  to 
do  a  work.  A  party  formed  for 
working  out  its  own  interests 
as  a  section  of  the  community. 
See  Cabal. 

Factious,  adj.  Given  to  faction 
or  opposition. 

Stn.  Oppositious.  Exceptions.  Litigious. 
Crusty.    MalcoiilPiit.     Ad\•l■r^a^lve. 

Ant.  Agreoable.  Genial.  Complaisant. 
Amenable.  Ixiyal.  Public-spirited.  Har- 
monious. Co-op<Tativo.  Auxiliary.  Sym- 
iiathetic. 


S'jnoiujms  and  Anfoni/ms. 


FACTiTiors,  adj.  See  Factious. 
Formed  by  art,  and  referred  to 
an  ai*titicial  standard. 

Syx.  Artificial.  Affected.  Euphuistic. 
Conventional.  Cramped.  Finical.  Asciti- 
tioii?.     Spurious. 

Ant.  Natural.  Unaffected.  Genial.  Truth- 
ful.   Genuine.    Pure. 

Faculty,  v.  Facultas,  facere, 
to  do.  A  natural  power  which 
enables  tis  to  do  a  thing.  <S'ee 
Capability.  Used  technically  of 
a  branch  of  science  or  art. 

Facukditt,  n.  Facundus,  elo- 
quent.    See  Eloquence. 

Fade,  v.  int.  Old  Eng.  Vacle, 
from  Lat.  Vadere,  to  fjo. 

.SvK.  Fall.  Fail.  Decline.  Sink.  Droop. 
Dwindle.  Vanish.  Change.  Pale.  Bleach. 
Set.     Etiolate. 

Ant.  Kise.  Increase.  Grow.  Bloom. 
Flourish.    Abide.    Stand.    Last.    Endure. 

Fading,  Faded,  2^("'i-  ^^^ 
Fade. 

Fag,  ?'.     Sax.  firge,  uvaA: 

Syn.  Work.    Toil.    Slave.    Drudge. 
Ant.   Bask.     Idle.     Lounge.     Dawdle. 

Strike. 

Fail,  fallere,  to  decline  or  fail. 
Used  actively  with  of  or  in. 

S\-x.  Fall.     Miss.    Trip.     Lose. 
Ant.  Succeed.   Exceed.    Surpass.   Excel. 
Achieve.    Abound.    Yield. 

Faen,  ar(/.  and  «(/v.  SRX.fagen, 
fjind.    See  Glad  and  Gladly. 

Faint.  Old  Fr.,  from  Lat. 
fin(j<  re,  to  feign.  Feigning  so  as 
to  escape  work,  thence  weary 
even  after  work  performed.  Fr. 
ac  ftrindre.  Also  nsed  of  the  ob- 
jects which  have  been  faintly 
treated,  as  faint  writing,  or  which 
have  become  faint  by  time  or 
other  causes. 

Si-N.  Weak.  Languid.  Fatigued.  Un- 
energeiic.  Timid.  Irresolute.  Obscure. 
Dim.     Pale.     Faded.     Inconspicuous. 

Ant.  Strong.  Vigfirous.  Energitic. 
Fresh.  Daring.  Resolute.  Prominent, 
ilarkei    Conspicucus.    Glaring. 


171 


F Am,  adj.     Sax.fafner. 

SvN.  Open.  Cl"ar.  Spotless.  Unbltnri- 
ishcd.  Serene.  Beautiful.  Just.  Honour- 
able.    Equitable. 

Akt.  Lowering.  Dull.  Foul.  Iiis. 
figured.  Ugly.  Unfair.  Dishonourablcs 
Fraudulent. 

Fairly,  adv.     See  Fair. 

Fairness,  n.    See  Fair. 

Faith,  w.  Lat.j^c^es.  *S'ee  Be- 
Hef. 

Faithful,  adj.     See  Faith. 

Stn.  True.  Firm.  Attached.  Loyal. 
Accurate.  Close.  Consistent.  Correspon  • 
dent.    Exact.     Equivalent. 

Ant.  False.  Fickle.  Capricious.  Wa- 
vering.  Inaccurate.  Untrue.  Faithless. 
Inexact. 

Falcation,    «.,    Falcitoem, 

adj.     FuLc,  a  reaping-hook.     See 
Curre. 
Fall,  v.   int.     Sax.  faUan. 

Syn.  Drop.  Descend.  Decline.  Gravi- 
tate.   Sink.     Lapse. 

Ant.  Kise.  Ascend.  Soar.  Mount. 
Climb.    Recover. 

Fallacy,  «.  Fallacia,  fallere, 
to  deceive.  A  logical  error.  Used 
also  for  error  of  reasoning  or 
conception  generally. 

Syn.  Sophistry.  Error.  Blunder.  Mis- 
conception. Bugbear.  Fiction.  Delusioti. 
Chimera. 

Ant.  Truth.  Verity.  Fact.  Logic, 
Argument.  .Soundness.  Proof.  Postulate. 
Axiom. 

Fallible,  adj.    See  Fallacy. 

Syn.  Erring.  Uncertain.  Weak.  Ig- 
norant. 

Akt.  Infallible.  Certain.  Omniscient 
Unerring. 

Fallow,  adj.  Sax.  .  Conn 
with  the  Lat.  jlavus.  Supposed 
to  represent  the  yellow-brownish 
colour  of  some  lands  when  turned 
up  by  the  plough.  Ploughed, 
but  not  sown.  Used  metaphori- 
cally. 

Syn.  Quiescent.  Idle.  UnctiJtivated 
Unprwiuctive.    Untilled. 

Ant.  Cultivated.  Worked.  Tilled.  Sown. 
Productive.    Operative.    I'rolific.    fruitful 


172 

Fa:.rk,  or/y. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 
Fallere,/alsi(s,  to 


tarwe. 


Sra.  Untnie.  Erroneous.  Fallacious. 
SophLstical.  Spurious.  Dwoptive.  Dls- 
honuurablp.    Faithless. 

AsT.  True.  Correct.  Sound.  Conclu- 
sive. Auihcn:ic.  Real.  Genuine.  Candid. 
Honourable.    Faithful. 

Falsehood,  v.     ^ee  False. 

Syx.  Untruth.  Error.  Fallary.  So- 
phistry,    deception.    Forgery.    Lie.    Cheat, 

Ant.  Tiuth.  Correctness.  Verity.  Fact. 
Authenticity.  Genuineness.  Honesty. 
Honour.    Keality. 

Falsity,  v.  tr.    See  False. 

Si^x.  Mistake.  Misinterpret.  Misre- 
present.   Belie.    Betray.    Garble.    Cook. 

AxT.  Verify.  Correct.  Rectify.  Certify. 
Check.  Justify.  Exhibit.  Publicate.  Ex- 
pose.    Declare. 

Falter,  v.  int.  Si)elt  also 
Faulter.     See  False. 

Si-K.  Halt.  Hesitate.  Hobble.  Slip. 
Dubitate.  Stammer.  Demur.  Flinch. 
Vacillate. 

Ant.  Proceed.  Run.  Speed.  Flow. 
Discourse.  Determine.  Persevere.  Resolve. 
Career. 

Fame,  k-.  Fuma.  Eeport, 
both  good  and  ill,  but  now  used 
of  lionoural)le  reuo-wii,  except 
when  qualified  V)y  some  addi- 
tional expression.  It  is  also  used 
of  Eeport,  ii-respective  of  per- 
sons. 

Srx.  Report.  Rumour.  Bruit.  News. 
Tidings,  llenown.  Glory.  Honour.  Lau- 
rels.   Celebrity. 

Akt.  Silence.  Suppression.  Hush.  Dis- 
grace.   Dishonour.    Disrepute. 

Familiar,  aflj.  Familia,  the 
household,  indudinr]  the  famuli, or 
servanti'.  Said  of  things  and 
pei-sons. 

Svx.  Household.  Common.  Every-day. 
Accustoni'-d.    Conversant.    Intimate. 

Ant.  Uncommoru  R;tre.  Strange.  E.k- 
traordinary.  Unaccustomed.  Unacquainted. 
New.    Inconversant.    Unfamiliar. 

Family,  n.  See  Familiar. 
Used  scientifically  as  a  metaphor 
for  class  and  order. 

Famous,  adj.    See  Fame. 


Srx.  Renowned.  Glorious.  Celebrated. 
Illustrious. 

A\-t.  Inclorious.  Unknown.  Obscure. 
Unrenownt-d.    Unsung. 

Fan,  V.  tr.  Lat.  vannus,  u-in- 
noiving  fan.  Used  metaphori- 
cally for  excite,  from  fanning  a 
jlame.     See  Allay. 

Fanatic,  ».     See  Fanaticism. 

.Sys.  Euihusiast.    Bigot. 

,\sT.  Sceptic.    Unbeliever.    Cynic. 

Fanatical,  adj.  See  Fanati- 
cism. 

Fanaticism,  v.  Fanaticuf, 
fa H urn ,ati mpk.  Excitement,  as 
by  some  deity  into  a  state  of 
frenzy. 

Stx.  Frenzy.  Enthusiasm.  Supersti- 
tion.    Bigotry. 

An-t.  Indifference.  Latitudinarianism. 
Disbelief.  I'rofiiiiity.  Disregard.  Scepti- 
cism.   Coldness.    Cynicism. 

Fanciful,  adj.  (pavraala, 
phantasy.    Fancy. 

Sr>r.  Grotesque.  Cliimerical.  Unreal. 
Imaginary.  Quaint.  Eccentric.  Freakish. 
Humoursome.  Erroneous.  Capricious. 
Whimsici\l.    Erratic.    Absurd.     Fitful. 

Ant.  Natural.  Literal.  Regular.  Real. 
Sfibir.  Ordinary.  Truthful.  Accurate. 
Correct.    Orderly.    Calculable. 

Fancy,  n.  See  Fanciful.  A 
lighter  form  of  the  imagination, 
or  the  object  of  it.  Used  also  of 
cases  in  which  the  imagination 
determines  or  stimulates  a  pre- 
ference. 

Syn.  Thought.  Belief.  Idea.  Supposi- 
tion. Imagination.  Caprice.  Predilection. 
Desire. 

Ant.  Object.  Subject.  Fact  Reality. 
Order.  Law.  Truth.  System.  Verity. 
Aversion.    Horror. 

Fantastic,  atlj.   See  Fanciful. 

Fantasy,  n.    See  Fancy. 

Fab.    Sax.    See  Distant. 

Farcical.  Forcire,  to  sfuf. 
A  play  stuffed  full  of  nonsense 
or  ludicrous  incident  is  a  Farce. 

Syn.  Ludicrous.  Comic.  Funny.  Non- 
s  nsiral.     Uroll.     Pantomimic. 

.\NT.  Grave.  Serious.  Solemn.  Dismal 
Tragical.     Funereal.    Ghasltj'. 


Si/nonijms  and  Antoni/ms. 


Fare,  v.     Faire,  t^  do. 

.Sv\.  [).).     Li  vs.     Feed.     Subsist.    Sp'-i'd. 
Ant.   Toil.    Fast.    Fail.    Droop,    tjiiik. 
Drop.    Faiut.    Halt.    Falter. 

Fare,  «.  See  Fare,  v.  Meaus 
for  performing  the  journey  of 
life  generall}^  or  any  journey  in 
particular. 

Six.  Provision.    Passage-money. 
Ant.  Starvation.    Famine.    Abstinence. 
Pauperism.    Mendicity. 

Fascinate,  v.  tr.    Lat.  fasci- 

nare.    Gr.    ^aaKaiveiv,  to  inflitence 
hy  magical  arts.     ISee  Bewi'tcli. 

Fascination,  n.  Sue  Fasci- 
nate. 

Fashion,  n.    ] 

facere,  to  make. 

~  Shape. 


-■lit. 


173 


UncriticiU. 


faqon,  Lat. 

Style.  Ap- 


Guise 
Figure, 


Mould. 


SrN.  Form, 
pearance.       Character. 
Mode.    Custom. 

Ant.  Pei-aon.  Work.  Dress.  Speech. 
Formlessness.  Shapelessness.  Deranne- 
raeut.  p:ccentricity.  Strangeness.  Out- 
landishness. 

Fast,  ad).     Sax. 

It  is  hard  to  see  how  this  word 
could  have  acquired  the  meaning 
of  rapid,  in  addition  to  fi.red  or  j 
sure.  The  root  idea  seems  to 
have  been  permanence  or  power 
shown  both  in  rest  and  motion, 
Comp.  Eestive,  which  means, 
fa.-st,  given  to  resting,  and  se- 
condly, to  restlessness. 

Syn.  Firm.  Secure.  Rapid.  Accele- 
rated. 

Ant.  Loose.    Insecure.    Slow.    Tardy. 

Fasten,  v.  tr.     See  Fast. 

SvN.  Secure.  Hold.  Compact.  Grapple. 
AtUicn.     Fix. 

Axt.  Undo.  Loose.  Sever.  Relax. 
Detach.     Remove.     Unfasten. 

Fastidious,  adj.  F<istidiion, 
a  viitigttnl  disgufit  or  disfasf'^ 
Squeamishness ;  hence  diflSculty 
to  please  on  the  grour,:!  of  over- 
nicety. 

SvN.  Critical.  Dver-nice.  Over-refined. 
Censorious.  Pu'_:tilious.  Squeamish 
DalEty. 


Fat,  (('(/.  Sax.  Applied  to 
the  quality  of  the  constitution  ot 
animals  and  of  the  soil. 

SvN.  Corpulent.  Flesh.y.  Brawny. 
Pursy.  Rich.  Luxuriant.  Fertile.  Unctuous. 
Obese.    Oleaginous. 

Ant.  Lean.  Slender.  Attenuated.  Ema- 
ciated. Barren.  Poor.  Scant.  Marrow- 
less.    Exsanguineous.    Anatomical. 

Fatal,  adj.  Fatum,  fate  or 
death.  Ending  in,  or  tending  ta 
death. 

Stn.  Deadly.  Destructive.  Mortal.  Lethal. 

Ast.  IJeneficial.  Wholesome.  Nutri- 
tious. Vitalizing.  Silubrious.  Restora- 
tive.   Slight.    Superficial.    Harmless. 

Fate,  n.    See  Fatal. 

Syn.  Necessity.  Destiny.  Lot.  End. 
Doom. 

Ant.  Will.  Choice.  Decision.  Free- 
dom,    independence. 

Fathom,  v.  tr.  Sax.  fa  Ihem, 
evibrace.  As  much  as  a  man  can 
measure  with  his  arms  extended 
at  right  angles  to  his  body,  about 
six  feet.    Hence  to  measure. 

Syn.  Gauge.  Pierce.  Measure.  Sound. 
Probe. 

Ant.  Survey.  Glance.  Scan.  Overlook, 
Miss.    Graze.  'Skim. 

Fathomless,  adj.  See  Fa- 
thom. 

SrN.   Bottomless.    Profound.    Abysmal. 
Ant.  Superficial.    Shallow.    Skin-deep. 

Fatigue,  n.  Lat.  fatigare, 
ivom.f(tiscor,to  he  weary. 

SvN.  Weariness.  Exhaustion.  Lassi- 
tude. 

Ant.  Freshness.  Vigour.  Activity 
Indefatigability. 

Fatigue,  v.    See  noun. 

Syn    Harass.     Weary.     Tire.     Jad». 
Ant.    Inspirit.       Refresh.       Animate. 
Knliveu. 

Fatuus, 


Fatuity 

fatuous. 

r.vN.    Folly. 
fatuation. 

Ant.  Wisdom, 
cemmeui 


vam, 

Imbecility.     Idiotcy.    In- 

Senss.    Soundness.    Di» 


FaTU  'US 


Sobriety. 
US,  adj. 


See  Fatuity. 


374 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Fault,  n.  Failure,  to  deceive, 
stumble,  or  slip.  Used  of  what  is 
•wrong  or  deficient  in  matters  of 
construction,  arrangement,  cha- 
racter, conduct,  statement,  rea- 
soning, and  behef. 

Si'K.  Defect.  Error.  Omission.  Blem- 
ish.   Want.    Drawback. 

Ant.  Sufficiency.  Conectness.  Com- 
pleteness.   Perfection. 

Faultless,  adj.    ISee  Fault. 

Sin.  Complete.  Perfect.  Correct.  Ac- 
curate. 

Ant.  Incomplete.  Imperfect.  Incorrect. 
Inaccurate.  Defective.  Corrupt.  Erroneous. 
Faulty. 

Faulty,  adj.    See  Fault. 

Favouk,  n.  Favor,  favere,  to 
favour. 

SvN.  Permission.  Grace.  Concession. 
Predilection.  Gift.  Condescension.  Pre- 
ference    Boon.     Countenance.    Patronage. 

Ant.  Refusal.  Denial.  Prohibition. 
Disfavour.  Withdrawal.  Withholding. 
Fawn.  Disapproval.  Injury.  Discountenance. 

Favourable,  adj.  See  Favour. 

SvN.  Permissive.  Indulgent.  Propi- 
tious. Concessive.  Partial.  Fond.  Libe- 
ral. 

Ant.  Reluctant.  Unpropitious.  Un- 
favourable.   Impartial. 

Favouritism,  n.  See  Favoiu-- 
aWe. 

Stn.  Partiality.    Invidjousness. 
Ant.  Odium.    Prejudice.    Antipathy. 

Fawn,  v.  hd.  Sax.  Conn, 
with  Fain.  Pretend,  followed 
by  the  prep.  Upon. 

Sin.  Flatter.  Wheedle.  Cajole.  Cringe. 
Glaver.    Slaver. 

Ant.  Insult.  Deride.  Satirize.  Cen- 
sure.    Kebulie.    Reprimand.    Defy.     Dare. 

Fealty,  «.     See  Fidelity. 
Fear,  n.     Sax.fiir. 

Stn.  Apprehension.  Solicitude  Alarm, 
fright.  Dread.  Terror.  Misgiving. 
Horror.    Timidity.    Awe. 

Ant.  Assurance.  Confidence.  Courage. 
Fearlessness.    Trust.    Boldness. 

Fearful,  adj.  S>'e  Fear.  In- 
fluenced by  fear,  and  inspiring 
f'.'iir :  tlie  former  is  l)ecoming  ob- 
solete. I 


Syk.    Timid.      Cautious.  Sbrln'.cinft 

Hesitating.  Terrible.  Awful.  Horril>lc, 
I'readful. 

Ant.  Bold.  Venturesome.  Confident, 
Audacious.  Consolatory.  Inspiriting.  As- 
suring. Alluring.  Attractive.  Hopeful. 
Inviting. 

Fearless,  adj.  See  Fear  and 
Courageous, 

Feasible,  adj.     Facere,  to  do. 
Sts.  Possible,     ilanageable.      Contrlv- 
able.    Permissible. 

Ant.   Impossible.    Unallowable. 

Feat,  7^.  Facere,  factum.  Em- 
phatically a  thing  done.  See 
Achievement. 

Featly,  adv.    See  Feat. 

SrN.  Neatly.  Cleverly.  Dexterously. 
Adroitly. 

Ant.  Clumsily.    Hardly.    Bunglinglj-. 

Feature,  n.  Factura,  facere, 
a  makirifi  or  formation.  "Some- 
thing which  belongs  to  a  whole 
as  a  part  and  indication,  and  goes 
to  make  it  ujd. 

SvN.  Component.  Element.  Cliaracter- 
istic.  Indication.  Portion.  Marli.  Linea- 
ment.   Sign. 

Ant.  ^Vhole.  System.  Countenance. 
Case.  Arrangement.  (Here  the  Antonym 
is  the  Correlative.)  Misindication.  Falsifi- 
cation. Excrescence.  Blind.  Mask.  Dis- 
guise. 

Federation,  n.  See  Con- 
federacy. 

Feeble,  adj.  Old  Eng.  Conn, 
with  febilis,  fere,  to  lueep.  Piti- 
able on  accoimt  of  wretched- 
ness, and  thence  wretched  or 
weak.  Applied  to  ]iei'sons, 
efforts,  and  the  results  of  efforts. 

Stn.  Wretched.  ^Veak.  Poor.  Fainu 
Infirm.  Incomplete.  Vain.  Fruitless. 
Scanty.     Pitiable. 

Ant.  Strong.  Robust.  Active.  Effec- 
tive.   Successful.    Abundant. 

Feeling,  n.  Feel.  Sax.  flan, 
to  touch.  Used  both  of  physical 
sensation  and  emotion  of  mind. 

Syn.  Touch.  Sensation.  Contact.  Emo- 
tion.   Sentiment.    Passion.    Sensitiveness. 

Art.  Insensibility.  Callousness.  Im- 
perturbability. Inexcitibility.  Coldness, 
insonsateness. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Feign,  v.  tr.  TPr.  feindre,  Lat. 
jingere.    See  Pretend. 

Feint,  n.  See  Feign  and  Pre- 
tence. 

Felicitate,  v.  tr.  Felix, 
fortunate.  To  sympathize  on 
the  score  of  good  fortune.  See 
Congratulate. 

Felicitous,  adj.  See  Felici- 
tate. 

Stn.  Happy.  Timely.  Successful.  Op- 
portune.   Joyous. 

Ant.  Unfortunate.  Unhappy.  Un- 
timely. Unsuccessful.  Disastrous.  Inop- 
jiortune.    Sad. 

Felicity,  n.    See  Felicitous. 
Fell,  adj.    Celtic, /«?. 

Stn.  Cruel.  Barbarous.  Inhuman. 
Savage.    Bloody.    Direful.    Truculent. 

Ai."T.  Generous.  Chivalrous.  Humane. 
Lenient.    Propitious. 

Fell,  V.  ^r.  Sax.ftUan.  Conn, 
with  Fall.  To  cut  down,  as  a 
tree,  or  a  forest. 

Snj.  Cut.  Level.  Prostrate.  Demolish. 
Subvert.    AVaste.    Bare. 

Ant.  Plant.  Erect.  Support.  Propa- 
gate.   Stock.    Upraise.     Pvear. 

Fellow,  n,  Saxon.  Conn, 
with  Follow.  One  who  follows 
another. 

Stn.  Companion.  Adherent.  Member. 
Match.  Tally.  Correlative.  Partner. 
Krlend,    Associate. 

Ant.  Foe.  Opponent.  Stranger.  Mis- 
match.   Opposite.    Antagonist. 

Fellowship,  «.    See  Fellow. 

Stn.  Association.  Membership.  Com- 
pany.    Partnership.    Sociality. 

Ant.  Severance.  Disconnection.  Dis- 
memberment. 

Felonious,  adj.  Of  the  nature 
of  felony.  Feh,  Law  Lat.  for 
felon.  Felony  is,  in  law,  distin- 
guished specifically  from  misde- 
meanour, but  has  a  broader 
sense  popularly.     See  Criminal. 

Feminine,  adj.  Femina,  a 
vmmari.     Womanly. 


175 


Syn.  Dehcate.  Womanly.  Tender 
Modest.    Soft. 

Ant.  Bobust.  Manly.  Indelicate.  Rud«k 
Ptough.    Unlemiuine. 

Fence,  v.  tr.  Fendere,  to  fend. 
Comp.  Defence.  Has  the  double 
sense  of  fencing  in  and  fencing 
off. 

SvN.  Circumscribe.  Enclose.  Protect. 
Elude.    Parry.    Stave. 

Ant.  Open.  Disenclose.  Catch.  Receive. 
Suffer. 

Ferine,  adj.,  Ferity,  n.  Fera, 
a  wild  beast.     See  Savage. 

Ferment,  V.  int.  Fervimcntum, 
fermentum,  ivova.  fervere ,  to  he  hot, 
or  seethe.  Used  metaphorically 
of  feelings  and  designs. 

Stn.  Seethe.  Concoct.  Brew.  Warm- 
Chafe.    Effervesce.     Fester.    Rankle. 

Ant.  Damp.  Cool.  Dissipate.  Subside. 
Disperse.    Evaporate.    Heal. 

Ferocity,  n.  Ferox,  ferocious. 
See  Fierceness. 

Fertile,  adj.  Fertilis,  from 
ferre,  to  bear  or  produce.  Used 
of  natural  productiveness  and 
moral  causativeness,  also  of  the 
power  of  imagination  and  inven- 
tion. 

Stn.  Rich.  Luxuriant.  Productive. 
Exuberant.  Causative.  Conducive.  Preg- 
nant. Fraught.  Prolific.  Ingenious.  In- 
ventive. 

Ant.  Poor.  Sterile.  Barren.  Unpro« 
uuctive.  Ineffective.  Inconducive.  Fruit- 
less.  Inoperative.  Uninventive.  Unima- 
ginative. 

Fervour,  «.  See  Ferment 
and  Ardoui-. 

Fester,  v.  int.    See  Ferment. 

Festive,  adj.  Festivus,festum, 
a  feast  or  holidai/. 

Syn.  Convivial,    jovial.    Gay.    Merry. 

Ant.  Solitary.  Deserted.  Ascetic. 
Gloomy. 

Festivity,  n.    See  Festive. 
Fetch,   v.    tr.      Fetian.     To 
bring.     See  Bring. 
Fetid,  mlj,    F  tidus.    Sl'.nk- 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


176 


Syn-.  Stinking.    Corrupt.    Foul. 
AxT.     Inodorous.      Fresh.      I'erfumed. 
Scented.    Balmy 

Fettee,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with 
Feet,  as  manacle  with  manus,  the 
h  Old. 

Svs.  Manacle.  Restrain.  Hinder.  Clog. 
Impede.    Shackle. 

Ant.  Free.  Liberate.  Expedite.  Ac- 
celerate. 

Feud,  ??.  Sax.  Conn,  with 
Foe  and  Fiend.  An  enmity,  but 
Especially  of  a  domestic  or  social 
character,  and  perp(;tiiated. 

Syn.  Enmity  Antipathy.  Animosity. 
Quarrel.  Strife.  Bitterness.  Dissension. 
Hostility. 

Ant.  Fiiendliness.  Sympathy.  Con- 
geniality. Clanship.  Pacification.  Recon- 
ciliation.   Sociality.    Neighbourliness. 

Fever,  n.  Febris.  Used  me- 
taphorically. 

Syn.  Heat.  Ardour.  Fervour.  Broil. 
Flush.     Ferment.     Passion. 

Ant.  Coolness.  Composure.  Frigidity. 
Iciness.    Indifference. 

Few.  Sax./ea,  Scand.  word, 
conn,  with  Lat.  pauciis. 

SvN.  Scant.    Rare.    Lacking. 

Ant,  Many.    Abundant.    Numerous. 

Fibre,  n.  Fr.  fhre,  Lat.  fibra. 
Used  metaphorically  for  strength. 

Syn.  Strength.  Sinews.  Thews.  Tough- 
ness. 

Ant.  Laxity.    Debility.    Flabbiness. 

Fickle,  adj.  Sax.  ficol.  Light 
of  touch;  crafty.  The  mobility 
of  the  word  survives  the  crafti- 
ness which  produced  it;  the 
liglithandedness  having  died  out 
of  the  expression. 

SvN.  Fanciful.  Fitful.  Capricious. 
Irresolute.  Changeable.  Vacillaiing.  Mu- 
table.   Unreliable.    Veering.    Shifting. 

Ant.  Sober.  Orderly.  Reliable.  Well- 
regulated.  Calculable.  Irustworthy.  Steady. 
Uniform. 

Fiction,  n.  Flncjere,  fictus,  to 
J  vim. 

S^-N.  Invention.  Fabrication.  Creation. 
Figment.     Fable. 

Ant.  Fact.    Truth.    Verity.    Reality. 

Fictitious,  adj.    See  Fiction. 


Supposititious.    Bpurlons 
Historical.  Genuine 


Syn.   Unreal. 
Imaginary. 

Ant.  Real.    True. 
Authentic.    Veritable. 

Fidelity,  n.  Fidelis,  faithful, 
fides,  faith.  Expresses  regard  to 
an  object  of  allegiance,  which  is 
fealty ;  and  of  imitation  or  re- 
production, which  is  accuracy. 

Si-N.  Fealty.  Attachment.  Truthfulness. 
AUegiauce.  Accuracy.  Closeness.  Exact- 
ness. 

Ant.  Treachery.  Disloyalty.  Disaffec- 
tion. Untruthfulness.  Inaccuracy.  Inex- 
actness.   Infidelity. 

Field,  «.  Sax.  f eld.  Ground 
that  has  been  felled  or  cleared 
of  timber  for  cultivation.  The 
word  is  used  metaphorically,  as 
a  space  or  basis  of  delineation, 
or  a  ground  of  thought  or  action. 

Sys.  Ground.  Scope.  Province.  Arena. 
Scene.    Opportunity.     Room. 

Ant.  (Jircumscription.  Constraint.  Ex- 
clusion.   Debarment.    Interdiction. 

Fiendish,  adj.     Fiend.    Sax. 
fian,  to  hate.     See  Angelic. 
Fierce,  adj.    Lat. /eras. 

Sra.  Wild.  Savage.  Violent.  Raging. 
Fiery. 

Ant.  Mild.  Tame.  Docile.  Harmless. 
Calm.    Gentle. 

Fierceness,  ??.    See  Fierce. 
Fiery,  adj.    Fire.    Sax.  fyr. 
Conn.  Avith  Gr.  nvp  fire. 

Syn.  Hot.  Vehement.  Ardent.  Fer- 
vent. Fierce.  Passionate.  Irascible 
Choleric.    Excited.    Enkindled. 

Ant.  Cold.  Icy.  Indifferent.  Phleg- 
matic. Passionless.  Unimpassioned.  MiM 
Quenched.    Extinguished.    Tame. 

Fight,  n.     Sax.feoht. 

Syn.  Battle.    Contention.    Struggle. 
Ant.  Pacification.    Reconciliation. 

FiGCR.^TIVE,  adj.  Figura,  a 
figure.  In  the  sense  of  a  figuro 
"ojf  speech,  a  metaphorical  form 
of  words. 

Syn.  Metaphorical.  Tropical.  Poetical 
Rhetorical. 

Ant.  Literal.  Prosaic.  UnpoetlcaL  Un- 
metapboricah 

Figure,    n.     Sse  FigurativQ 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Ill 


Technically,  the  delineation  of 
an  aritlunetical  symbol  or  nu- 
meral. 

Syn.  Aspect.  Condition.  Appearance. 
Form.  Symbol.  Metaphor.  Delineation. 
Illustration. 

Ant.  Misrepresentation.  Deformity. 
Disfigurement. 

Filch,  ■;;.  tr.  Goth,  filhan,  to 
hide  or  bury.  To  take  furtively. 
.See  Cabbage. 

File,  v.  Sax.  To  use  the 
file  or  rasp  for  the  i^urpose  of 
smoothing ;  hence,  to  improve 
by  imparting  a  polish  and  finish. 
To  file,  in  the  sense  of  foul,  as  in 
the  word  defile,  is  also  Saxon, 
but  of  different  etymology.  To 
file,  as  soldiers  do,  is  the  Latin 
filiim,  a  thread.  ■  To  move  off  in 
a  line  or  series. 

Stn.  Rasp.  Polish.  Smooth.  Finish. 
Perfect.    Improve.    Refine. 

Ant.  Roughen.  Jag.  Denticulate. 
Acuminate.    Barb.    Cusp.    Notch. 

Filiation,  n.    See  Affiliation. 

Fill.  Sax.  fyllan,  act.  and 
neut. 

Syk.  Replenish.  Supply.  Satisfy. 
Gorge.  Glut.  Occupy.  Appoint.  Rise. 
Swell.    Grow.     E.xpand.    Increase. 

Ant.  Kxhaust.  Deprive.  Drain.  Dis- 
satisfy. Stint.  Vacate.  Misappoint.  Sub- 
side.   Shrink.    Ebb.    Evaporate.   Diminish, 

Filter,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
JUtrimi,  or  fdtrum,fdt,  a  woollen 
doth  used  as  a  strainer. 

Stn.  Strain.  Percolate.  Refine.  Distil. 
Ooze.  Exude.  Leak.  Depurate.  Defecate. 
Clarify. 

Ant.  Befoul.  Muddle.  Disturb.  Thicken. 

Filth,  n.  Sax.  Conn,  with 
Foul  and  File,  as  in  Defile. 

Filthy,  adj.     See  Filth. 

Stn.  Dirty.    Nasty.    Foul. 
Ant.  Pure.    Sweet.    Clean. 

Filtration,  n.    See  Filter. 
Fimbriated,  adj.    Fimbria,  a 
/rii<r- 


Stn.  Fringed,    lasselled.    Fllame  toat 
Ant.    Bound.      Hemmed.      Unft.ngea. 
Selvedged. 

Final,  adj.     Finis,  the  end. 

Stn.  Terminal.  Conclusive.  Definitive- 
Developed.    Ultimate. 

Ant.  Initiative.  Open.  Unconcluded 
Progressive.  Continuous.  Current.  In. 
cipient.  Inaugural.  Inchoate.  Rudi 
mentaL    Nascent. 

Finality,  «.    See  Final. 


Find,  v.  tr.    Sax. 

Stn.  Meet.  Confront  Perceive.  Dis- 
cover.    Furnish.    Invent. 

Ant.  Miss.  Elude.  Overlook.  Lose 
Withhold.    Withdraw.    Miscontrive. 

Fine,  adj.  A  Northern  word ; 
but  conn,  with  the  Lat.  Jin  is. 
Having  the  fineness  of  finish ; 
but  applied  from  that  point 
very  widely,  so  as  to  express 
artistic,  moral,  social,  and  intel- 
lectual refinement.  The  term  is 
also  used  disparagingly,  in  the 
sense  of  over-fine,  or  affecting 
undue  fineness. 

Stn.  Thin.  Minute.  Smooth.  Filmy 
Gauzy.  Keen.  Artistic.  Choice.  Finished 
High.  Grand.  Noble.  Sensitive.  Refined 
Generous.  Honourable.  Pretentious.  Os- 
tentatious. Presumptuous.  Nice.  Casuisj- 
tical.    Subtle. 

Ant.  Coarse.  Large.  Rough.  Blunt 
Rude.  Unfinished.  Mean.  Petty.  Il- 
liberal. Unimposing.  Paltry.  Modest 
Unaffected.  Affable.  Categorical.  Plain- 
spoken.  Unanalytical.  Unreflective.  In- 
dissective. 

Finery,  n.  See  Fine.  Used 
disparagingly  of  over-ornamenta- 
tion in  dress  or  furniture. 

Syn.  Over-ornament.  Tawdriness.  Tinsel. 
G«wgaw.  Trinkets.  Trash.  Dressiness. 
Bedizenment. 

.Ant.  Ornameut.  Dress.  Decoration. 
Adornment.  Chastity.  Simplicity.  So- 
briety 

Finical,  adj.  See  Fine.  Af- 
fecting refinement  on  a  small 
scale  and  unsuccessfully. 

Syn.  Affected.  Dallying.  Factitious. 
Euphuistic. 

Ant.    Unaffected.     Effective.    '  vactiial. 
Energetic.        Real.       Genuine.        Nalurai. 
Or.tspokeu.    Blunt.    Coarse.    Riid". 
N 


178 


Finish,  v.  tr.  and  int. 
To  bring  to  an  end. 

Stn.    Complete.      Conclude. 
End.    Shape.    Terminate. 

Ant.  ]5ef;in.  Commence.  Start.  Un 
dertake.  Fail.  Miscontrive.  Mismanage 
Botch.    JIur. 

Finished,    adj. 
Add. 

Stn.  Artistic.   Perfect.    High.    Refined. 
Ant.    Inartistic.      Incomplete.       Rude. 
Poor.    Coarse.    Unfinibhed. 

Finite,  adj.    See  Finish. 

Syn.  Limited.    Bounded.    Restricted. 
Ant.  Unlimited.    Unbounded.    Infinite, 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 

Finis. 


Achieve. 


See    Finish. 


FiRB,  n.  See  Fiery.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Firm,  adj.  Firmus.  Used 
physically  and  morally. 

Stn.  Fast.  Secure.  Strong.  Established. 
Rooted.  Immovable.  Resolute.  Deter- 
mined.   Fixed     Attached. 

Ant.  Loose.  Insecure.  WeaK.  Ill- 
rooted.  Tottering.  Vacillating.  Irresolute. 
Ductile.  Exorable.  Indulgent.  Wavering. 
Disaffected.    Unreliable. 

First,  ordinal  adj.  Sax.  Conn, 
with  For,  Forward,  and  pro,  a,s 
in  the  word  Promote.  _  It  indi- 
cates primacy  of  position,  rank, 
and  importance. 

Syn.  Leading.  Foi»most.  Principal. 
Highest.    Chief.    Earliest.    Onmost. 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Secondary.  Subor- 
dinate. Subservient.  Lowest.  Unim- 
portant.   Last.    Hindmost. 

Fit,  adj.  Comp.  Featly.  Made 
with  adaptation,  but  as  an  ad- 
jective, rather  used  of  moral  than 
material  adaptation,  except  when 
followed  by /or. 

Stn.  Right.  Decent.  Fitting.  Adapted. 
Seemly.  Appropriate.  Suitable.  Prepared. 
Adequate.  Calculated.  Contrived.  Ex- 
pedient.   Proper.    Ripe. 

Ant.  Awkward.  Ungainly.  MisfitliiiR. 
Ill-suiled.  Unseemly.  Inappropriate.  Un- 
suitable. Unprepared.  Inadequate.  Mis- 
calculated. Miscontrived.  Inexpedient. 
Improper.    Unfit. 

Fitful,  adj.  Not  to  be  con- 
founded with  Fit,  as  above.  Fit, 
the   noun,    is    connected    with 


Fight.  Struggle,  ConvulsiTm. 
So,  Fitful  is  showing  itself  m  de- 
sultory effort. 

Stn.  Capricious.  Desultory.  Fanciful. 
Unequal.    Irregular. 

Ant.  Regular.  Equable.  Systematic 
Orderly.    Calculable. 

Fitness,  n.    See  Fit. 

Fitting,  adj.    See  Fit. 

Fix,  v.  tr.  Figere,  jixvs.  Usetl 
physically  and  metaphysically, 
as,  to  fix  in  the  memory. 

Syn.  Place.  Settle.  Locate.  Plant. 
Root.  Establish.  Secure.  Determine.  De- 
cide. 

Ant.  Displace.  Unsettle.  Disarrange. 
Remove.  Uproot.  Transfer.  Transplant. 
Disestablish.  Weaken.  SJiake.  Reverse. 
Disturb.    Change.     Unfix. 

Flaccid,  adj.    Lat.  jlaccidus, 
another  form  oiflaccus,  drooping. 
Syn.  Flabby.    Limber.    Lax.    Tabid. 
I        Ant.  Firm.    Muscular.  Braced.  Plump. 
Chubby.    Brawny. 

Flag,  v.  int.  See  Flaccid.  To 
grow  weary;  become  flaccid  in 
the  muscles,  and  generally  to 
droop. 

Stn.  Droop.  Fine.  Weary.  Tire.  Give 
in.    Faint.    Succumb. 

Ant.  Hold.  Freshen.  Flourish.  Per- 
severe. Battle.  Struggle.  Persist.  Recruit. 
Recover. 

Flagitious,  adj.  Flagitium, 
a  disgraceful  act. 

Stn.  Faciiiorous.  Atrocious.  Enormous. 
Monstrous.  Disgraceful.  Nefarious.  Scan- 
dalous.    Flagrant.    Heinous.    Aggravate. 

Ant.  Noble.  Creditable.  Honourable. 
Meritorious.  Distinguished.  Pardonable. 
Justifiable.    Excusable.    Extenuated. 

Flagrant,  adj.  Flagrare,  to 
hum.  Comp.  Conflagration.  Said 
of  acts  done  in  the  heat  ot  exces- 
sive passion,  which  is  also  tlte 
derivation  of  flagitious.  See  Fla- 
gitious. 

Flame,  v.  Flamma.  Used 
metaphorically.    See  Fire. 

Flaming,  adj.    See  Flame. 

Flaring, 


adj.      Flare,    from 


ISijnonyms  and  Anioui/ms. 


179 


flare,  to  lloiD  into  a  jhime  :  or  to 
blow  as  a  flame  or  furnace. 
Comp.  Blast.  Used  metaphori- 
cally of  undue  conspicuousness. 

iSyn.  Flaming.  Glaring.  Conspicuous. 
Gaudy.  Bright.  Over-coloured.  Flaunting. 
Flashy. 

Akt.  Toned.  Subdued.  Harmonized. 
Hull.  Dim.  Dowdy.  Dingy.  Keutral. 
Colourless. 

Flashy,  adj.  From  Flash, 
which  was  from  Fr.  fleche  a  feu, 
a  lighted  anvM,  shot  from  the 
walls,  to  light  up  the  doings  of 
the  besieging  party.  See  Flaring. 

Flat,  adj.  Comp.  Germ.  ^>?a^, 
and  Gr.  nXarvs.  Used  meta- 
phorically. 

Stn.  DuU.  Tame.  Insipid.  Vapid. 
Spiritless. 

Ant.  Exciting.  Animated.  Interesting. 
Thrilling.    Sensational. 

Flatter,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with 
Flat.  To  make  flat.  To  smoothe 
down. 

Stn.  See  Fawn. 

Flatterer,  n.    See  Flatter. 
Flaunt,  v.  tr.  and  int.    Celtic. 

Syn.  Boast.  Vaunt.  Flutter.  Flounce. 
Display.  Flourish.  Parade.  Figure. 
Flout. 

Ant.  Suppress.  Oinceal.  Retire.  Re- 
cede. Skulk.  Hide.  Shrivel.  Collapse. 
Furl. 

Flavour,  n.  Der.  uncertain. 
Fragare,  for  flacjrare,  to  emit  a 
smell  or  fragrance.  Apphed 
sometimes  to  objects  of  smell, 
but  commonly  to  those  of  taste. 

Stn.    Taste.     Savour.     Smack.     Odour. 
Ant.  Insipidity.    Tastelessness.    Mawk- 
tahness.    Inodourousness.    Scentlessness. 

Flaw,  n.  Sax.  floh,  fragment 
or  chip.     See  Blemish. 

Flee,  v.  int.  Sax.  fleon.  See 
Escape.    Act.  and  netd. 

Fleece,  v.  tr.  Sax.  flys.  Used 
analogously  for  strip. 

Stn.  Strip.    Despoil.    Shear.  ^^ 

Akt.  Invest.    Endow     Endua 


Fleet,  adj.  See  Fleet  and 
Swift. 

Fleeting,  adj.  See  Fleet  and 
Ephemeral. 

Fleshy,  adj.  Sax.  Jldsc,  lard. 
Fat.     See  Fat. 

Flexible,  adj.  Hectere,  to 
lend,  flexns.  Easily  bent.  Used 
metaphorically  of  character. 

Stn.  Pliant.  Lithe.  Supple.  Elastic. 
Easy.    Indulgent.    Ductile. 

Ant.  Tough.  Rigid.  Inelastic.  In 
flexible.    Hard.    Inexorable. 

Flexion,  n.  See  Flexible  and 
Curve. 

Flexure,  n.    See  Flexion. 

Flicker,  v.  int.  Sax.  Conn, 
with  Fly,  Flutter,  and  Fledge. 

Stn.  Flutter.    Quiver.     Bicker.     Falter, 

Waver.  Glimmer.    Shimmer.    Scintillate. 

Ant.  Stream.  Blaze.  Gleam.  Shine 
Beam. 

Flight,  «.    See  Flee. 

Stn.  Volitation.  Departure.  Escape. 
Evasion.    Disappearance. 

Ant.  Recurrence.  Return.  Reappear- 
ance.   Perching.    Alighting.    Repose. 

Flighty,  adj.  See  Flight  and 
Eccentric. 

Flimsy,  adj.  Supposed  to  be 
conn,  with  Limp.  So  being  ori- 
ginally limpsy.  Used  meta- 
phorically for  that  kind  of  pre- 
text which  is  so  thin  that  it  may 
be  seen  through. 

Syn.  Gauzy.  Poor.  Thin.  Transparent. 
Trifling.    Trivial.    Puerile.    Inane. 

Ant.  Solid.  Sound.  Irrefragable.  Sub- 
stantial.   Cogent. 

Flinch,  v.  int.  Probably  cor- 
rupt, from  Blench. 

Stn.  Blench.    Swerve.    Wince.    RecoiL 
Ant.    Dare.     Face.     Bear.    Meet.    En- 
dure. 

Fling,  v.  tr.  Allied  to  fligere. 
To  strike  or  cast. 

Stn.  Cast.  Throw.  Emit.  Hurl 
i^aculate. 

Ant.    Snatch.      Grasp.      Hold.     Keeji 


Retain.    Arrest. 


K  2 


Synonyms  and  Antomjms. 


180 

Flippant,  aJy.     From  ./Z/>,  as  |     Thovt.v.int.    -See  Fliumt. 
to  flip  about  a  whip.     Dealing 
with  words  easily,  playfully,  and 
thoughtlessly,    commonly    with 
satire  or  disrespect  intermixed. 

Svs.  Pert.    Saucy.    Malapert. 

Ant.  Flattering.  Servile.  Obsequious. 
Accurate.  Considerate.  DeferentiaL  Com- 
plimentary.   Respectful. 

Flit,  v.  int.  Conn,  with  Flee, 
Flutter,  and  Fleet.     See  Flutter. 

Flitting,  adj.    See  Flutter. 

Float,  v.  int.  Sax.  fleotan. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Swim.     Spread.     Prevail. 
Ant.    Sink.      Drown.      Die.      Vanish. 
Founder. 

Flock,  v.  Sax.  flocc,  a  flock  of 
sh'-ep ;  floccus,  wool  Comp.  Flake, 
a  piece  of  knotted  wool. 

SvN.  Herd.  Congregate.  Assemble. 
Crowd.  ^          ^       „ 

Ant.  Disperse.  Scatter.  Separate.  Se- 
gregate. 

Flock,  n.     See  Flock,  verb. 


Flow,  v.  int.     Lat.  fluere. 

Srx.  Stream.  Issue.  Progress,  elide. 
Course.    Career.     Run.  . 

Akt.  Halt.  Stick.  Stickle.  Stop.  Hesi- 
tate. Fail.  Stint.  Beat  Recoil.  Regur- 
gitate.    Ebb. 

Flower,^?.  Flos,floris.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Stn.  Perfection.  Acme.  Pride.  Orna- 
ment.   Gem.    Cream. 

Ant.  Disappointment.  Deformity.  Blot. 
Abortion.    Scum.    Dregs.     Blight. 

Flowing,  adj.  See  Flow. 
Used  literally  and  metaphori- 
cally. 

Stn.  Copious.  Abundant.  Fluent  Ex- 
uberant   Easy.     Eloquent. 

Ant.  Dribblins-  Dry.  Strained.  Meagre 
Laboured.     Unready.    DifBcult. 


Flood,  n.  Sax.  flod.  Conn, 
with  Float. 

Syk    Deluge.    Inundation.    Abundance. 
Ant.  Drought    Drain.    Ebb.    Scarcity. 
Subsidence. 

Florid,  adj.  Floridus,  flos, 
oris,  a  floirer.  Having  the  bright 
colour  of  a  flower,  or  over-orna- 
mented. 

Syn.  Rubicund.  Sanguine.  Ornate. 
Overwrought.    Meretricious. 

Ant.  Pallid.  Exsanguineous.  Bare. 
Unadorned.    Nude.    Sober.    Chaste. 

Flounce,?'. int.  Northeniword. 
Conn,  with  Phmge.    See  Flaunt. 

Flounder,  v.  int.  Allied  to 
Flounce.  „     , 

Sy-n.  Roll.  Blunder.  Bungle.  Boggle. 
Wallow.    Tumble. 

Ant.  Emerge.  Flow.  Course.  Career. 
Speed.    Rise.    Flourish.     Skim. 

Flourish,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Flo- 
refcere,  flos,  a  flower. 

Stn.  Prosper.  Thrive.  Speed.  Triumph. 
Brandish. 


Fluctuate,  v.  int.  Fluctus,a 
wave.  To  move  backwards  and 
forwards. 

SrN.  Waver.    Oscillate.    Vary.    Veer. 
Ant.    Persist.      Abide.      Stay.      Stick. 
Adhere. 


Fluent,  adj.    See  Flowing. 

Flummery,  n.  A  Welsh  com- 
pound of  sour  oatmeal  and  milk. 
Poor  stufl',  and  frothy. 

Syn.  Nonsense.  Trash.  Emptiness 
Froth. 

Ant.  Sense.  Nourishment  Satisfaction. 
Solidity.    Reason. 

Flurbt,  v.  tr.  Prov.  Eng. 
To  blow  a.s  with  a  sudden  breeze. 
Flare,  to  blow. 

Syn.  Agitate.  Excite.  Wony.  Ruffle. 
Fluster.  ^^  .         ^  , 

Ant.  Soothe.  Compose.  Quiet.  CaUn. 
Mesmerize. 

Flurry,  n.     See  verb. 

Fluster.  FInstrwm,  a  smll 
of  the  sea.  See  FluiTy,  noun  and 
verb. 


Fluted,   adj.      Flute,    from 

ilare,  to    blow.      Shaped  like  a 

.       „.  I  flute,  having  a  long  groove.    See 

Ant.    Fail.     Fade.    Decline.    Miscarry,     p,,,,.,.'     „|y 
fotmder.    Arrest    Sheath.    Ground.  COllUgaie- 


Sijiioiiyms  and  Antonyms. 


181 


Flutter,  v.  int.  Low  Germ. 
jluttern,  to  move  the  tuings  ra- 
pidly. 

Syn.  Vibrate.  Quiver  Palpitate. 
Flicker.    Flit. 

Ant.  Perch.  Roost.  Nestle.  Settle. 
Subside.  Collapse.  Rest.  Lull.  Pause. 
Repose.    Sink. 

Fltjx,  n.  Fluere,  to  floiu.  Es- 
pecially the  departure  of  existent 
particles  to  be  renewed  by  fresh 
ones. 

SvN.  Flow.  Motion.  Progression. 
Change.    Substitution.    Transmutation. 

Ant.  Stagnation.  Stillness.  Invariable- 
ness.  Identity.  Immutability.  Crystalli- 
zation.   Arrestation. 

'F\iY,v.int.  Sax.jieogan.  See 
Flee. 

Focus,  n.  Lat.  focus,  a  hearth. 
In  optics  the  point  of  meeting  for 
reflected  or  refracted  rays  of 
light.     Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Centre.  Stand-point.  Rendez- 
vous.   Convergence.    Nucleus. 

Ant.  Circle.  Dispersion.  Dissipation. 
Divergence. 

Foe,  n.  Sax.  feon,  to  hate. 
Conn,  with  Friend.    See  Friend. 

F06GT,  adj.  Dan.  fog,  a 
thick  fall  us  of  snow.  Used 
metaphorically  of  the  senses  and 
ideas. 

SrN.  Confused.  Dazed.  Absent.  Stupid. 
Hazy.    Obscure.     Misty. 

Aat.  Clear.  Alive.  Alert.  Awake. 
Luminous.    Lucid.    Bright.   Shrewd.  Sharp. 

Foible,  ■».    See  Feeble. 

Syn.  Peccadillo.    Weakness.    Inlirmity. 
Ant.  Crime.    Atrocity.    Enormity.   Sin. 

Foil,  v.  Fr.  foider,  to  tram- 
ple with  the  feet,  heat  doimi  and 
disarm,  or  render  nugatory.  See 
Baffle  and  Counterfoil,  which 
partakes  of  the  two  senses  of 
fouler  and  folium. 

Foil,  n.  From  folium,  a  leaf 
As  tinfoil  plated  by  jewellers  be- 
hind precious  stones  to  enhance 
their  coloui-. 


Sy-n.  Set-off.  Background.'  Contrast 
Enhancement.    Setting.    Elucidation. 

Ant.   Eclipse.    Outshining.    Extinction. 

Overshadowing. 

Foist,  v.  tr.  Fr.  fausser,  to 
falsify.  To  pa.ss  off  surrepti- 
tiously or  unfairly  upon  another, 

Syn.  Falsify.    Counterfeit.   Palm.   Pass. 
Ant.  Expose.  Detect.  Verify.  Authenti- 
cate. 

Fold,  v.  tr.     Sax.fealdan. 
SvN.  Double.     Enfold.     Embrace.     In« 
close.     Wrap. 

Ant.  Unfold.    Disengage.    Expose. 

Follow,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Sax. 
folgian.     Act.  and  neut. 

Syn.  Pursue.  Chase.  Accompany.  Obey. 
Imitate.  Succeed.  Result.  Ensue.  At- 
tend. 

Ant.  Avoid.  Elude.  Quit.  Disobey. 
Precede.  Cause.   Produce.  Abandon.   Shun. 

Follower,  n.     See  Follow. 

Stn.  Partisan.     Adherent.    Disciple. 
Ant.     Leader.      Teacher.      Antagonist 
Opponent.     Rival. 

Folly,  n .    Fr.  fov,  a  fool. 

Syn.  Madness.  Nonsense.  Misconduct. 
Imprudence.    Silliness. 

Ant.  Sense.  Wisdom.  Sanity.  Judg- 
ment.   Prudence.    Sobriety. 

Foment,  v.  tr.  Fovlmentum, 
fomentiim ,  fovere ,  to  cherish. 

Syn.  Excite.  Fan.  Cherish.  Propagate. 
Encourage. 

Ant.  Allay.  Extinguish.  Discourage. 
Extirpate.    Quench. 

Fond.  Part,  formed  of  an  old 
Eng.  veih,fonne,  to  be  foolish.  To 
be  foolishly  loving.  It  still  re- 
tains in  one  of  its  uses  this  force. 

Syn.  Loving.  Attached.  Affectionate. 
Foolish.    Silly.    Weak.    Doting.    Empty. 

Ant.  Unloving.  Unaffectionate.  Averse. 
Strong-minded.  Austere.  Rational.  Well- 
grounded.    Sensible.    Undemonstrative. 

Fondle,  v.  tr.    See  Fond. 

Syn.  Dandle.    Pet.    Caress. 
Ant.   Tease.     Worry.     Annoy.     Chafe. 
Irritate.    Ruflie. 

Fondness,  n.     See  Fond. 
Foolish,  adj.    See  Folly. 

Sin.  Senseless.  Idiotic.  Crazed.  Shal. 
low.  Wealj.  Silly.  Injudicious.  Irra- 
tional. Absurd.  Contemptible.  Ol>jectioQ< 
kble. 


182 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Anx  Sensible.  Sane.  Deep.  Clear- 
Bighted.  Sound.  Sagacious.  Strong- 
minded.  Wise.  Prudent.  Judicious.  Cal- 
culatiug.  Advisable.    Eligible. 

Footing,  72.    Sax./o«. 

Syn.  Standing.    Status. 
Akt.  Dislodgement.    Ousting. 

Foppish,  adj.  Fop.  Germ. 
foppen,  to  jeer.  A  supercilious 
coxcomb. 

Syn.  Finical.  Coxcombical.  Dandified. 
Dressy. 

AsT.  IModest.  Unassuming.  Unaffected. 
Dowdy.    Slovenly.    Clownish. 

Foray,  n.  Fr.  fouraqe,  Low 
Lat.  fodrum,  fodder.  A  border 
invasion  for  the  sake  of  phmder. 

Sra.  Raid.  Sally.  Inroad.  Dragonnade. 
Escapade. 

Ant.  Flight.  Retreat.  Recall.  De- 
campment.   Stampede. 

Forbear,  v.  int.  For,  imply- 
ing negation,  and  Bear,  which 

see. 

SrN.  Abstain.    Refrain.    Withhold. 
Ant.  Seek.    Indulge. 

Forbid,  v.  tr.    See  Bid. 
Forbidding,  adj.     See  Forbid. 

Syn.  Repulsive.   Deterrent.    Prohibitory. 
Ant.   Attractive.    Encouraging.    Allur- 
ing.   Seductive.    Permissive. 

Force,  n.  Fr.  force,  Lat./ortls, 
strong. 

Syn.  Power.  Strength.  Agency.  In- 
strumentality. Compulsion.  Cogency. 
Vigour. 

Ant.  Feebleness.  Weakness.  Counter- 
action. Neutralization.  Inefficiency.  In- 
conclusiveness.    Debility.     Pointlessness. 

Forego,  v.  tr.  Go.  Germ. 
f/eJien.  Fore,  for  expressive  of 
negation. 

Syn.  Waive.  Drop.  Abandon.  Abjure. 
Renounce. 

Ant.  Claim.  Assume.  Vindicate.  Seize. 
Grasp.    Retain.  j 

Foreign,  adj.  Foraneus,foris, 
out  of  doors.  Used  metaphori- 
cally in  the  sense  of  uncongenial  i 
or  unconnected.  I 

Syn.  strange.  Exotic.  Outlandish. 
Alien.     Irrelevant.  ! 

Aj<t.  Domestic.  Native.  Congenial. 
Pertinent.    Germane. 


Forerunner,  n.  Fore,  afore, 
and  run.     Goth,  rinnan,  to  run. 

Syn.    Predecessor.       Precursor.       Jlar- 
binger.    Herald.    Avant-courler. 
Ant.  Successor.     Follower. 

Foresee,  v.  tr.  Fore,  for,  be- 
fore, and  see.     Sax.  seen. 

Syn.  Predict.  Anticipate.  Foretell. 
Forecast. 

Ant.  Reflect.  Remember.  Recollect 
Recall. 

Forestall,  v.  tr.  Sax.  stall, 
a  stand  or  station.  To  place  be- 
fore another;  to  be  beforehand 
in  doing  something.  See  Antici- 
pation. 

FoRESTALMENT,  n.  See  Fore- 
stall. 

Foretell,  v.  tr.  Fore,  for 
before,  and  tellan,  Sax.  to  tell. 

Syn.  Predict.  Preindicate.  Prognosti- 
cate.   Forebode. 

Ant.  Recite.    Narrate.    Detail 

Forewarn,  v.  tr.    See  Warn. 

Forfeit,  n.  Forts,  factum,  a 
thing  done  beyond  the  hounds  of 
rigid,  a  transgression.  Now  the 
effect  of  such  transgression. 

Syn.  Fine.  Penalty.  Mulct.  Amerce- 
ment.   Damages.    Loss. 

Ant.  Piemium.  Bribe.  Douceur.  Re- 
muneration. Compensation.  Reward. 
Gratuity. 

FoREFEND,  V.  tr.  Fore  and 
fendere,  to  guard.  Comp.  De- 
fend. 

Si-N.  Stave.    Obviate.    Prevent. 

Ant.  Rectify.  Mend.  Cure.  Redress. 
Remedy. 

Forge,  v.  tr.  Fdbrica,  the 
workshop  of  the  faber  or  smith .  To 
make  by  a  forge.  Used  in  the 
l^rimary  sense  of  fabricate,  and 
like  fabricate  in  the  sense  also  of 
false  fabrication. 

Syn.  Work.  Frame.  Produce.  Ela- 
borate. Fabricate.  Counterfeit.  Feign. 
Falsify. 

Ant.  Shatter.  Batter.  Shiver.  Blast. 
Fuse.  Detect.  Expose.  Verify.  Mig. 
construe,    aiisfabricaie.    Misshape. 


Sipionijins  and  Aiifojii/ms. 


183 


FoRGEuy,  «.  Used  in  the 
secondary  sense  of  Forge.  >See 
Forge. 

Syn.  Falsification.    Counterfeit. 
Ant.  Signature.    Veritication.     Attesta- 
tion. 

Forget,  v.  tr.  For,  with  the 
sense  of  negation,  and  Get ;  Sax. 
getan.  To  let  go  from  the 
memory  or  the  attention,  some- 
times involuntarily,  and  some- 
times voluntarily. 

Syn.  Lose.  Pretermit.  Unlearn.  Ob- 
llviate.    Overlook. 

Akt.  Acquire.  Learn.  Remember.  Re- 
collect.   Mind.    Retain.    Treasure. 

FoRGiVK,  V.  tr.  For,  negative, 
and  Sax.  gifan,  to  give.  To  give 
up.  Specifically,  a  claim  for 
compensation,  or  a  feeling  of 
wrong.     See  Pardon. 

FoKGOTTEN,  adj.     See  Forget. 

Syn.  Unremenibered.  Bygone.  Slighted. 
Overlooked.    Obsolete. 

Ant.  Remembered.  Present.  Treasured. 
Guarded.    Regarded.    Cherished. 

Forlorn.  Sax.  forloren,  part. 
of  forleo^an,  to  for-Ioose.  Cast 
away,  or  apparently  abandoned. 

Syn.  Abaniioiied.  Deserted.  Forsaken. 
Solitary.  Destitute.  Desolate.  Hapless. 
Luckless.     Helpless.    Disconsolate. 

Ant.  Supported.  Atiended.  Cherished. 
Protected.    Befriended.    Cheered. 

Form,  v.  tr.  Fonaare,  forma. 
To  shape. 

Syn.  Shape.  Mould.  Fashion.  Consti- 
tute. Arrange.  Frame.  Construct.  Con- 
trive.   Conceive. 

Ant.  Deform.  Dislocate.  Distort.  Dissi- 
p.ite.  Derange.  Dismember.  Disiiitogruie. 
Analyze.     Disorganize. 

Formal,  adj.  See  Form.  Ap- 
plied to  both  persons  and  things, 
and  in  each  case  meaning  either, 
according  to  form,  or  with  a 
strong  or  an  undue  attention  to 
form. 

Syn.     Regular.       Complete.  Shapely. 

Sufficient.      Correct.       Stately.  Dignified. 
Ceremonious.     Pompous.    Stiff. 

Ant.  Irregular.    Incomplete.  Informal. 

Inadequate.      Incorrect.     Easy.  U 
tag.     Unceremonious. 


Formalism,  «.     See  Form. 

Syn.  Rigidity.  Ceremoniousnes,s.  Pom- 
posity.    E.Nternalism.    Parade.    Punctilio. 

Ant.  Simplicity.  Unostentutiousnegs. 
LTnaffectedness.     Unceremoniousness. 

Formality,  n.    See  Fonn. 

Syn.   Ceremony.     Parade.     Affectation. 
Stateliness.    Punctiliousness.    Etiquette. 
Ant.  See  Formalism. 

Formation,  n.     See  Form. 

Syn.    Shape.     Structure.     Construction, 
Ant.   Deformity.     Malformation.     Dis- 
location.   Dislortion. 

Former,  adj.  Sax.  forma. 
Meaning  the  same  thing. 

Syn.  Preceding.  Antecedent.  Pi-eviou*. 
Prior.    Earlier.    Ancient.    Bygone. 

Am.  Succeeding.  Subsequent.  Posterior 
Latter.    Slodeni.    Coming.    Future. 

Formidable,  adj.  Formido, 
terror.  Calculated  to  inspire 
terror,  especially  by  a  display  of 
superior  strength. 

Syn.  Awful.  Terrible.  Akrming.  Ter- 
rifying.   Discouraging.    Serious. 

Ant.  Despicable.  Weak.  Contemptible. 
Light.    Trivial. 

Formless,  adj.    See  Form. 

Forsake,  v.  tr.  For  and  Seek. 
To  give  up.     See  Abandon. 

Forswear,  v.  tr.  For  and 
Swear.  Sax.  sweriaii,  to  swear. 
See  Abjure. 

Forthwith,  adv.  Forth  and 
With.  Attendantly  upon  some- 
thing done  or  produced  as  its 
immediate  consequence. 

Syn.  Immediately.    Directly. 
Ant.    By-aud-by.       Hereafter.       Soon. 
Presently. 

Fortify,  v.  tr.  Fortis,  strong, 
and  fucere,  to  make. 

Syn.  strengthen.  Confirm.  Corroborate. 
Garrison. 

Akt.  Weaken.    Invalidate.    Dismantle. 

Fortitude,  n.    See  Fortify. 

Syn.  Courage.  Endurance.  Braveness. 
Calnmess.  Resignation.  Hardihood.  Com- 
posure. 

Ant.  Timidity.  Flinching.  Impatience, 
Irritation.  Faiiitness.  Delicacy.  Effcmi' 
uaiy.    Womanishuess.    ChildishneaiL 


184 


Synomjins  and  Antonyms. 


Fortuitous,  adj.     Fortuitus, 
accide)itul,  ivomfors,  chance. 
Syn.  Accidental.    Undesigned. 
Ant.  Designed.    Purposed. 

Fortunate,  adj.  Fwtuna, 
fortune. 

Six.  Lucky.  Propitious.  Happy.  Fe- 
.icitous. 

Ant.  Unlucky.  Unfortunate.  Unhappy. 
Infelicitous. 

Fortune,  n.  See  Fortunate 
and  Chance. 

Forward,  adj.  Fore,  in  front, 
and  the  termination, Ward.  Conn, 
■with  guarder,  to  look,  indicative 
of  dii-ection.  In  addition  to  the 
meaning  of  advancement,  it 
bears  the  moral  signification  of 
being  too  much  given  to  ad- 
vancing one's  self  as  a  matter  of 
demeanour. 

SrN.  Advanced.  Ready.  E-iger. 
Anxious.  Obtrusive.  Self-iissertlve.  Im- 
pertinent. 

Ant.  Tardy.  Backward.  Reluctant, 
ndifferent.    Slow.    Retiring.    Modest. 

Foster,  v.  tr.  Sax.  fottre,  a 
nurse,  from  fedan,  to  feed.  See 
Cherish. 

Foul,  adj.  Fal.  Conn,  with 
the  File  in  Defile.     -See  Corrupt. 

Found,  v.  tr.  Fundare,  to 
found,, fundus,  a  hottom. 

Stn.  Establish.  Institute.  Ground. 
Plant.    Root. 

Ant.  Disestablish.  Subvert.  Supplant. 
Uproot. 

Foundation.  -SVe  Found. 

Stn.  Institution.  Establishment.  Foot- 
ing.   Base. 

Ant.  Disestablishment.    Superstructure. 

Founder,  n.    See  Found. 

Stn.  Author.  Instituter.  Establishes 
Originator.     Planter. 

A.sr.  Subverter.    Destroyer. 

Founder,  v.  int.  See  Found 
and  Sink. 

Fbaotious,  adj.  Franfiere, 
fractus.  Said  of  those  the  tenour 


of  whose  demeanour  breaks  up 
easily  into  opposition. 

Srx.  Snappish.  Peevish.  Cross.  Pet- 
tish.   Fretful. 

Ant.  Good-humoured.  Blithesome. 
Genial.    Agreeable.    Complaisant. 

Fragile,   adj.      Frangere,    te 
break,  fragilis,  easily  broken. 
Stx.  Delicate.    Frail.    Brittle.    Weak, 
Ant.  Tough.    Hardy.    Stout.    Strong. 

Fragment,  n.    See  Fragile. 

Six.  Piece.  Bit  Chip.  Morsel.  Drib- 
let.     Scrap. 

Ant.  Bulk.    Body.    Mass.    'W'hole. 

Fragrant,  adj.   See  Flagrant. 

Stn.     Odorous.      Scented.      Perfumed. 

Balmy. 

Ant.  Inodorous.    Scentless.    Fetid. 

Frail,  adj.  See  Fragile,  of 
which  it  is  a  contraction.  It  has 
a  more  direct  application  to 
things  moral  than  has  Fi-agile, 
which  is  used  rather  of  things 
material. 

Stn.  .s"ce  Fragile.  Add.  Irresolute; 
Erring.     Mutable. 

Ant.  Resolute.    Virtuous.    Lasting. 

Frame,  v.  tr.  Sax.  fremman. 
See  Form. 

Franchise,  n.  Fr.  franc,  free. 
Comp.  Frank. 

Stn.  Freedom.  Liberty.  Immunity. 
E.xemption.     Right. 

Ant.  Obligation.  Disability.  Jnrisdic 
tion.    Liability.    Disqualification. 

Frangible,  adj.     See  Fi-agile. 
Frank,  adj.     See  Francliise. 

Stn.  Ingenuous.  Candid.  Open.  Un- 
reserved. 

Ant.  Disingenuous.    Close.    Reserved. 

Frantic,  adj.  For  Frantic, 
which  from  Phrenetic,  which 
from  (j)pi)v,  the  mind. 

Syn.  Mad.  Raving.  Furious.  Dis- 
tracted.   Wild.    Frenzied.    Maniacal. 

Ant.  Sane.  Sober.  Calm.  Collected. 
Cool.    Unruffled.    Composed. 

Fraternity,  n.  Frater,  a 
brother.    See  Brotherhood. 

Fraternize,  v.  int.  See  Fra- 
ternity, followed  by  prep.  with. 

Stn.  Sympathize.    Consort.    Co-op.?rat« 
Ant.  Renounce.    Allure.    Korswear. 


Sijnonyms  and  Antoni/ms. 


FrAUD;  n.  Frmis,  fraudis. 
Deception  generally,  with  a  view 
to  one's  own  advantage  and  the 
disadvantage  of  another.  See 
Cheat. 

Fraught,  adj.  Goth.  Allied 
to  Freight.  More  frequently 
used  of  iinfavonrable  things,  as 
'  fraught  with  perils.' 

Syn.  Loaded.  Full.  Pregnant.  Teem- 
ing.   Abounding.    Charged. 

Ant.  Devoid.  Divested.  Exempt. 
Empty.    Wanting;    Poor.    Scant. 

Freakish,  adj.    Freak.  Goth. 

Stn.  Sportful.  Frisky.  Whimsical. 
Fanciful.     Capricious.    Erratic. 

Ant.  Steady.  Sober.  Demure.  Un- 
whimsical.  Unfanciful.  Reliable.  Con- 
sistent.   Uniform.    Equable. 

Free,  adj.    Saxon. 

Syn.  Detached.  Playing.  Operating. 
Open.  Unoccupied.  Unobstructed.  Un- 
impeded. Permitted.  Unhindered.  Ex- 
empt.   Gratuitous.    Unconditional. 

Ant.  Subservient.  Bound.  Shackled. 
Restricted.  Clogged.  Occupied.  Obstructed. 
Impeded.  Compulsory.  Unlawful.  Biassed. 
Subject.  Liable.  Amenable.  ConditionaL 
tjuaHfled. 

Freight,  n.    A  later  form  of 
Fraught.     See  Cargo. 
Frenzy,  n.     See  Frantic. 

Syn.  P'auaticism.  Madness.  Raving. 
Fury.     Fire. 

Ant.  Calm.  Composui'e.  CoUectedness. 
Coolness.    Sanity.    Sobriety.    Equanimity. 

Frequent,  adj.     Frequens. 

Syn.  Many.  Kiepeated.  Numerous. 
Recurrent. 

Ant.  Few.  Solitary.  Rare.  Scanty. 
Casual. 

Fresh,  adj.    Yr.fraiche. 

Syn.  New.  Young.  Vigorous.  Cool. 
Recent.  Renewed.  Unimpaired.  Un- 
tarnished.   Unfaded.    Blooming.    Ruddy. 

Ant.  Old.  Stale.  Jaded.  Weary.  For- 
mer. Stagnant.  Ordinary.  Original.  Im- 
paired. Tarnished.  Faded.  Deciyed. 
Pallid.  Sickly.  Putrid.  Mouldy,  ilusty. 
Fusty. 

Fret,  v.  int.  and  tr.  Fricare, 
/rictus,  to  rid).  Comp.  Friction. 
See  Chafe. 

Febtful,  adj.     See  Fret. 


185 


Syn.  Irritable.  Fractions.  Pcevith. 
Impatient. 

Ant.  Patient.  Forbearing.  Meek.  Con- 
tented.   Resigned.    Unmurmuring. 

Friable,  adj.  Lat.  friare,  to 
crumble.     See  Fragile. 

Fribble,  v,  int.  Conn,  with 
Frivolous.     See  Trifle. 

Friction,  n.  Fricare, /rictus, 
to  rub. 

Syn.  Rubbing.  Grating.  Attrition. 
Abrasion.    Contact. 

Ant.  Lubrication.  Detachment  Isola- 
tion.    Non-contact. 

Friend,  n.  Sax.  /reogan,  to 
love.  It  expresses  every  degree 
of  acquaintance  short  of  enmity. 

Syn.  Associate.  Companion.  Acquaint- 
ance. Familiar.  Ally.  Coadjutor.  Confi- 
dant.    Adherent. 

Ant.  Opponent.  Foe.  Adversary.  An- 
tagonist.   Enemy. 

Friendless,  adj.    See  Friend 
and  Forlorn. 
Friendly,  adj.    See  Friend. 

Syn.  Well-inclined.  Well-disposed. 
Amicable.     Kindly. 

Ant.  Ill-inclined.  Ill-disposed.  Hostile. 
Inimical.    Adverse.     Antagonistic. 

Friendship,  n.     See  Friend. 
Fright,  n.  Sax.  /yrhtu.  Fear. 
^See  Alarm. 
Frightful,  adj.     See  Fright. 

Syn.  Terrible.  Honible.  AUarrning. 
Ugly.     Hideous.    Monstrous.    Dreadful. 

Ant.  Pleasing.  Attractive.  Fair.  Beauti- 
ful.    Encouraging.     Lovely. 

Frigid,  adj.  Frigidus,  /rigus, 
cold. 

Syn.  Cold.  Inanimate.  Lifeless.  Pas- 
sionless. 

Ant.  Warm.    Ardent.    Impassioned. 

Fringe,  v.  tr.  Lat.  fimbria. 
See  Fimbriated. 

Frippery,  «.  Fr.  /rijjer,  to 
rumple  or  u-ade.  Frippery,  there- 
fore, is  primarily  cast-off  fineryj 
and  thence  finery  in  general. 

Syn.  Trumpery.    Unery.    Tawdriness. 
Ant.     Apparel.      Custume.      UnUona 
Dress.    Decoration.    Ornament, 


Si/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


18(3 


Frisk,  v.  tut.  Old  Fv. /risque, 
fresh.     Comp.  Fresh. 

Syn.  Sport.  Leap.  Jump.  Play.  Dance. 
Wanton. 

Ant.    Lie.  Ruminate.     Rest.     Kepose. 

Roost.    Mope.  Sulk. 

Frisky,  adj.    See  Frisk. 

Syv.  Sportive.    Playful.    Wanton. 
Ant.     Demure.       Sedate.      Meditative. 
Pensive. 

Fritter,  v.  fr.  Frigere,frictum, 
to  fry.  To  fritter  or  to  break 
into  small  pieces  as  if  for  frying. 
Metaphorically,  to  trifle,  or  waste. 

Stn.  Dribble.     Waste.    Idle.    Dissipate. 
Ant.  Economize.    Husband.    Cultivate. 

Frivolous,  adj.  Frivolus. 
Applied  to  character  and  pur- 
suits, or  objects. 

Syn.  Trifling.    Silly.    Trivial.    Petty. 
Ant.     Serious.      Jiarnest.      Important. 
Grave. 

Frolic,  n.  Old  Sax.  frali, 
glad. 

Stn.  Play.  Game.  Sport.  Festivity. 
Entertainment.    Gambol. 

Ant.  Study.  Undertaking.  Purpose. 
Engagement.    Occupation. 

Frolicsome,  adj.    See  Frolic. 

Syn.  Playful.  Gamesome.  Sportive. 
Wanton.    Festive. 

Ant.  Serious.  Grave.  Studious.  La- 
borious.   Earnest. 

Front,  n.  Frovs,  frontis, 
face  or  forehead.     See  Face. 

Froth,  n.  Sax.  freodhan,  to 
rub  or  lather.  Used  metaphori- 
cally.    See  Balderdash, 

Froward,  adj.  A  contraction 
of  Fromward,  that  is,  pulhug  in 
a  contrary  direction. 

Syn.  Contrary.  Perverse.  Untoward. 
Wayward.     Refractory. 

Ant.  Favourable.  Docile.  Amenable. 
Ductile.    Agreeable.    Obedient. 

Frown,  v.  int.  Fv.se  refrogner. 
Used  metaphorically  for  Disap- 
prove, with  the  prep.  upon.  Sec 
Favour. 

Fructify,  v.  int.  Fr  actus, 
fruit,  a.ndfacere,  to  make 


Syn.  Produce.  Teem.  Boar.  Aboun<i 
Multiply. 

Ant.  Witlier.  Waste.  Pine.  Droopk 
Die. 

Frugal,  adj.  Fruges,  fruit, 
frvgi,  fit  for  food.  First,  simiDle 
in  diet,  and  thence  economical 
generally. 

Stn.  Sparing.  Economical.  Parsi- 
monious. Abstinent.  Abstemious.  Tem- 
perate. 

AST.  Profnse.  Luxurious.  Extrava- 
gatit.  Prodigal.  Sclf-iiidulgent.  Intem- 
perate. 

Fruit,  ??.  Fructus.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Syn.  Production.  Outcome.  Outgrowth 
Result.    Consequence.    Produce.    Reward. 

Ant.  Seed.  Origin.  Cause.  Growth. 
Operation. 

Fruitful,  adj.    See  Fruit. 

Sm.  Productive.  Prolific.  Pregnant. 
Fraught.  Causative.  Effectual.  Useful, 
Successful. 

Ant.  Unproductive.  Sterile.  Barren 
Fruitless.    Ineffectual.    Useless.    Abortive, 

Fruition,  n.  Frui,  to  enjoy, 
whence  Fruit. 

Stn.  Reaping.  Attainment.  Enjoy- 
ment.   Use.    Possession. 

Ant.  Disappointment.  Loss.  Non- 
attainment. 

Fruitless,  adj.    See  Fruitful. 

Frustrate,  v.  tr.  Frustra 
in  vain.  To  cause  to  be  in  vain. 
See  Baffle, 

Frustration,  n.  See  Frus- 
trate and  Disaj)pointment. 

Fugacious,  adj.  Fugax,  from 
fugere,  to  jiy. 

Syn.  Ephemeral.  Fugitive.  Fleetinfr. 
Transient. 

Ant.  Persistent.  Perennial.  Perpetual. 
Permanent. 

FuGiTiVTi;,  adj.    See  Fugacious, 
Fulfil,  v.  tr.     A  tautological 
or  repetitive  compound  of  full 
and  an.     To  fill  to  the  full. 

Stn.  Fill.   Complete.    Discharge.  Verify. 
Ant.     Neglect.      Ignore.      Disappoint, 

Falsify. 

Full,  ndf.  Part.  adj.  from 
Fill.     Snx.jglhiu. 


^ijnonj/ms  and  Antonyms. 


187 


SlfK.  KepKe.  Stocked.  Fuiuisbed. 
Uatisfied.    Com|ilpte. 

Ant.  Wanting.  Unprovided.  Devoid 
r)estitute.  Unfurnished.  Unsatisfied. 
Kmpty.    Incomplete. 

Fulminate.  Fulmen,  thunder- 
I'olt.  To  caKt  as  it  were  the 
tliuiider  of  denunciation,  fol- 
lowed by  pyc'p.  against. 

Stn.  Thunder.  Clamour.  Roar.  Voci- 
ferate.   Denounce. 

Ant.  Lauti.    Panegyrize.    Eulogize. 

Fulsome,  ("//•  8six./nl.  Foul, 
and  the  termination  of  quality. 
Some. 

Stn.  Excessive.  Gross.  Loathsome. 
Nauseous. 

Ant.  Chaste.    Sober.    Nice.    Delicate. 

Fumble,  v.  int.  Prov.  Eng. 
Fumble,  to  do  imperfectly.  *b'ee 
Bungle. 

FuMBLER,  n.     See  Fumble. 

Fume,  v.  int.  Lat.  fumus, 
smoke. 

Stn.  Vapour.    Chafe.    Frown. 

Ant.  Acquiesce.     Smile. 

FuMiGATB.  See  Fume  and 
Smoke. 

Function,  v.  Fungi,  to  dis- 
charge. 

Sy'n.  Office.  Part.  Character.  Capacity. 
Business.  Administration.  Discharge. 
Operation.    Exercise. 

Ant.  Usurpation.  Maladministration. 
Misconduct.    Jlisdemeanour. 

Functionary,  n.  See  Func- 
tion. 

Syn.  OfHcial.  Officer.  Servant.  Per- 
sonage. 

Ant.  See  Function. 

Fund,  n.  Ijat.fandiis,  bottom, 
or  fouridatiori.  A  stock  which 
shall  be  the  basis  of  operations. 

Stn.  Stock.    Capital.     Investment. 
Ant.    Expenditure.    Ouilay.    Disburse- 
ment. 

Fundamental,  adj,.  Funda- 
viftdum,  a  foundation.  Apper- 
taining to  the  foundation,  and 
hence  important. 

SI'S.  Primary.  Important.  Indispen- 
Eable.    Eiisential. 


Funereal,  adj.  Funus,  eris, 
a  funeral. 

Stn.  Lugubrious.  Dismal.  Woeful. 
Sombre.    Mournful.     Plaintive.    Deathlike, 

Ant.  Joyous.  Festive.  Ridiculous. 
Funny.    Stirring.    Lively.    Farcical. 

Funny,  adj.  Sax.  Fean,  joys. 
Applied  to  objects  and  persons. 

Stn.  Sportive.  Droll.  Comical.  Laugh- 
able.      Humorous.       Jocose.      Ridiculous. 

Ant.  Dull.  Tedious.  Mournful.  Lugu- 
brious. Dismal.  Grave.  Serious.  Sad. 
Lamentable. 

Furbish,  V.  <r.     Yx.fourhir. 
Stn.  Brighten.    Polish.    Burnish. 
Ant   Dull.    Cloud.    Tarnish. 

Furious,  adj.  Furor,  mad* 
ness.     See  Frantic. 

Furnish,  v.   tr.    Yr.fournlr. 

Stn.  Supply.    Provide.    Equip.    Afford. 
Akt.  Withhold.    Withdraw.    Dismantle. 

Further,  !\  ^SiX.fordh, forth. 
To  move  forth.    See  Advance. 

Furtive,  adj.  Furtivus,fur, 
a  thief. 

SvN.  Stealthy.  Clandestine.  Secretive. 
Secret.    Sly. 

Ant.  Open.  Public.  Undisguised.  Un- 
reserved.   Unconcealed. 

Fury,  n.    See  FuiTous. 
Fuse,  v.    tr.     Fundere,  fusus, 
to  pour.     Liquefy  by  heat. 

Stn.  Liquefy.  Melt.  Smelt.  Amal. 
gamate.    Commingle.     Consolidate. 

Ant.  Disunite.  Disincorporate.  Diffuse. 
Disamalgamate. 

Fusion,  n.     See  Fuse. 

Fuss,  n.  Sax.  fics,  ready, 
quick. 

Stn.  Stir.  Excitement.  Tumult.  Worry. 
Ado.     Bustle.    Flurry.    Fidget. 

Ant.  Quiet.  Peace.  Sedateness.  Tran- 
quiili  ly.    Composure.    Calm. 

Fustian,  w.  A  coarse  twilled 
cotton  stuff.  So  called  from 
Fosfat,  or  Fossat,  Cairo,  where  it 
was  made.  Used  metaphori- 
cally for  inflated,  empty  talk. 
See  Bombast. 


188 


Fusty,  rulj.  Old  Fr.  fast,  a 
cask.  Smelltug  of  the  cask.  See 
Fresh, 

Futile,  aJJ.  Futilis,  easily 
poured  out.  From  fundere,  to 
2iour;  hence  weak,  as  wanting 
solidity. 

Stn.  Weak.  Ineffective.  Useless.  Nu- 
gatory.   Unavailing. 

Ant.  Powerful.  Effective.  Cogent. 
Useful.    Solid.    Substantial. 

Future,  adj.  Futurus,  part. 
of  esse,  to  he.     About  to  be. 

Stn.  Forthcoming.  Coming.  Advenient. 
Ant.  Gone.    Bygone.    Past. 


G. 

Gabble,  n.  Sax.  gabban,  to 
scoff.  Originally,  therefore,  de- 
risive talk.  iSTow  idle  and  rapid 
talk  with  little  sense  or  meaning. 

Syn.  Prate.  Jabber.  JarRon.  Stuff. 
Babble.  Rattle.  Twaddle.  Gibber.  Chatter. 
Gibberish. 

Ant.  Conversation.  Speech.  Eloquence. 
Reticence.  Taciturnity.  Mincing.  AloiUhi- 
ness.    Grandiloquence.    Euphuism. 

Gabble,  v.  int.     See  noun. 

Gaffer,  n.  Contraction  of 
goodfather,  as  Gammer  of  good- 
mother.  Comp.  Goody.  After- 
wards used  disrespectfully.  See 
Codger. 

Gag,  v.  Sax.  mr/,  a  key.  To 
lock  up  a  person's  talk.  AppUed 
to  the  person  himself. 

Syn.  Silence.  Stifle.  Burke.  Muzzle. 
Hush. 

Ant.  Evoke.  Provoke.  Inspire.  Ani- 
mate. 

Gage,  v.  tr.  Low.  Lat.  gadmm, 
vadium,  Gothic,  vadi,  a  pledge, 
from  vidan,  to  hind. 

Stn.  Engage.  Bind.  Pledge.  Secure. 
Pawn.     Deposit. 

Ant.  Intimate.  Promise.  Acquit.  Re- 
lefc'^o.     lU'deem. 

Gaiety,  n.    See  Gay. 


Synonyms  and  Antomjms. 
Gain,    v.    tr. 


V.    ir.    and    ird.      Fr. 

guqner. 

Stn.  Acquire.  Get.  Win.  Procuia, 
Obtain.    Profit.    Benefit. 

Ant.  Lose.    Forfeit.    Suffer. 

Gain,  n.     See  verb. 
Gainful,  adj.    See  Gain. 

Si'N.  Profitable.  Beneficial.  Advatt- 
tageous.    Winning. 

Ant.  Unprofitable.  Detrimental.  In- 
jurious. Disadvantageous.  Gainless.  Losing, 

Gainless,  adj.     See  Gainful. 

Gainsay,  v.  tr.  Sax.  gea.n, 
against,  and  say.  It  is  apphed 
to  persons  and  their  statements. 
See  Affirm. 

Galaxy,  n.  ydXa,  milk.  The 
assemblage  of  stars  called  the 
IMilky  Way.  Used  metaphori- 
cally for  an  illustrious  or  fair 
assembly.     See  Bevy. 

Gallant,  adj.  Fr.  gaJa,  slioio. 
Like  the  word  Brave,  courage- 
ous and  showy  in  dress.  Also 
courteous  to  the  fair  sex,  in 
which  case,  for  distinction  sake, 
the  accent  is  thl•o^\^l  on  the  latter 
syllable.  The  noim  keeps  up 
the  old  combination  of  knightly 
qualities,  not  excluding  the 
vicious  excess  of  gallantry. 

SvN.  Brave.    Chivalrous.    Courteous. 
Ant.  Cowardly.  Churlish.   Discourteous. 

Gambol,  v.  iut.    Old  English. 

SvN.  Frolic.  Sport.   Frisk.    Play.   Caper. 
Ant.  Tire.    Weary.    Droop.    Flag. 

Gambol,  n.    See  verb. 
Game,  n.    Sax.  gamen,  sport. 

Syn.  Sport.  Recreation.  Pastime. 
Amusement.    Frolic. 

Ant.  Study.  Toil.  Labour.  Business. 
Duty.    Weariness.    Flagging. 

Gamesome,  adj.  See  Game 
and  Merry. 

Gang,  n.  Sax.  Meaning  e 
going.  A  number  going  to- 
gether. Never  used  in  an  ho- 
nourable sense.    See  Crew. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


189 


Gap,  v.  Conn,  with  Gab  and 
Gape.  An  opening  or  break.  See 
Continuance. 

Garb,  ??.  Norm.  Fr.  garhs. 
Clothes    or  dress;    more    espe- _^ 

daily   an  oflficial,  national,  or   in  |  ^    Syn.   ■^Trinket.      Trumpery.       Finery 


Gather,  v.  tr.  Sax.  gadrinu, 
to  gather.  See  Collect,  whose 
meanings  it  follows. 

Gaud,  n.  Gaudiuvi,  joy.  A 
paltry  piece  of  ornament. 


some  way  pecubar  dress. 

Syn.  Dress.  Uniform.  Clothing.  Cos- 
tume.    Vestments.     Apparel. 

Ant.  Undress.  Tallers.  Hags.  Sbreds. 
Nudity. 

Garbage,  n.  Old  Fr.  garher, 
to  make  clean.  That  which  is 
thrown  away,  especially  in  pre- 
paring animals  for  food.  Used 
metaphorically  for  oft'sconrings 
and  refuse  of  anything.  See 
Cream. 

Garble.  Lat.  garheJlare,  for 
cribellare,  from  cribellum,  dim. 
of  cribrum,  a  sieve,  or  the  Low 
Lat.  garhellare,  to  sift  corn.  The 
term  was  originally  used  of 
cleansing  impurities  from  valu- 
able spices.  Hence,  to  select 
such  passages  from  writings  or 
statements  as  may  suit  one's  own 
purpose. 

Syn.  Misrepresent.  Misquote.  Mutilate. 
Cook.    Dress.    Culour. 

Ant.  Quote.    Cite.    Extract.    Recite. 

Garbled,  adj.    See  Garble. 

Garnish,  v.  tr.  Fr.  gamir,  to 
protect.  Conn,  with  Warn.  Ori- 
ginally, to  bind  or  secure  with 
ornamental  work. 

Stn.    Deck.     Fumi.-ib.     Adorn.     Dress. 
Furbisb.    Beautify.    Embellisli. 
Ant.  Denude.    Strip.    Dismantle. 

Garniture,  71.    See  Garnish. 
Garrulity,  n,  Qarrulus,  talk- 
ative. 

Syn.  Verbosity.  Loquacity.  Talkative- 
ness.    Chatter. 

Ant.  Reticence.  Taciturnity.   Laconism, 

Garrulous,  adj.  See  Gar- 
rulity. 


Gewgaw.    Bauble. 
Whim. 

Ant.  Decoration.  Ornament  Gtm, 
Jewel.    Valuable. 

Gaudy,  adj.     See  Gaud. 

Syn.  Tawdry.    Fine.    Meretricious. 
Ant.  Rich.  Simple.  Handsome.  Chaste 

Gauge,  v.  Old  Fr.  gauge,  a 
liquid  measure. 

Si-N.  Measure.    Fathom.    Probe. 

Ant.  Survey.  Conjecture.  View.  Scan 
Guess.    Observe.    Mismeasure. 

Gaunt,  adj.    Der.  tmcertain. 

Stu.  Grim.    Savage.     I^an.     Hungry. 
Ant.  Docile.    Tractable.    Tame.    Sleek, 
Well-fed. 

Gawky,  adj.  Sax.  geac,  a 
cucl-oo,  some  silly  ungainly  bird. 

Stn.  Awkward.    Ungainly. 

Ant.  Neat.  Handy.  Graceful.  Hand- 
some. 

Gay,  adj.  Fr.  gai.  Used  as 
an  epithet  of  character  or  dispo- 
sition, and  of  scenes  or  objects. 

Syn.  Merry.  BUthe.  Lively.  Sprightly. 
Sportive.  Smart.  Festive.  Gladsome. 
Pleasuresome. 

Ant.  Heavy.  Melancholy.  Grave. 
Sombre.    Dull.    Dowdy.    Sad. 

Gaze,  v.  int.  Sax.  gasan,  to 
smite.  To  stare,  being  smitten 
with  interest  or  wonder. 

Syn.  Stare.  Contemplate.  Scan.  Behold. 
Regard.    View. 

Ant.  Wink.  Ignore.  Overlook.  Ogle. 
Disregard.    Glance. 

Gear,  n.  Sax.  geara,  provision, 
furniture. 

Syn.  Harness.  Furniture.  Accoutre- 
ments. Trappings.  Tackle.  Appurtenance. 
Rigging.    Paraphernalia. 

Ant.  Dismantlement.  Unrig.  Votrim. 
Unharness.  Undress.  Divestment.  Strip- 
ping.   Disarray 


100 


Gklatinous,  adj.  Fr.  rjelatine, 
from  gelare,  to  congeal,  which 
from  gcJx,  cold.  Conn,  with  Jelly. 

Syn.  Viscous.  Albuminous.  Mucila- 
pnous.  Gummy.  Glairy.  Glutiiiuus. 
Semifluid.    I^entous. 

Ant.  Limpid.    Sparkling.    Crystalline. 

Gelid,  adj.     See  Gelatinous. 

SvN.  Frigid.    Cold.    Icy. 
Ant.  Warm.    Genial. 

Gem,  n.  Gemma,  a  hid  or 
signet.  A  valuable  of  small  size. 
A  precious  stone.     See  Gaud. 

Generality,  n.  Genus,  Jcind 
or  class.  That  which  includes 
many  species  and  individuals. 

Stn.  Mass.     Bulk.    Body.    Majority. 
Ant.    Section.      Minority.      Exception. 
Individuality 

Generalization,  n.  The  re- 
ducing of  individual  objects  or 
terms  to  genera  or  classes.  See 
Abstraction. 

Generate,  v.  tr.  Genus,  a 
race  ;  generare,  to  p7-opagate. 

Stn.  Engender.  Produce.  Propagate. 
Originate. 

Ant.  Stifle.    Extinguish.    Terminate. 

Generation,  n.  See  Generate. 
Used  also  in  the  sense  of  so 
many  individuals  of  a  race  as 
may  be  at  a  given  time  coex- 
istent. 

Syn.  Age.  Period.  Era.  Epoch.  Life- 
time. 

Ant.  Perpetuity.  Eternity  Immor- 
tality. 

Generic,  adj.  See  Generate. 
Belonging  to  the  class,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  peculiarities 
of  individuals. 

Stn.  General.    Common.    Collective. 
ANT.  Particular.    Personal    Specific. 

Generous,  adj.  Generous 
meant  of  good  genus  or  birth ; 
and  when  the  virtues  were  attri- 
buted to  such,  as  it  was  once  the 
tendency  to  do,  the  word  Gcne- 
roas  was  formed  to  express  one 
of  their  imputed  characteristics. 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Sts.  Noble.  Chivalrom.  Literal.  Dto. 
Interested. 

Ant.  Mean.  Ignoble.  PJiberal.  Selfish 
Churlish. 

Genial,  adj.  Genius  was, 
properly,  the  tutelar  deity  of 
each  person  ;  hence,  the  life.  So 
Genial,  that  which  tended  to 
promote  or  preserve  life. 

Syn.  Warm.  Cordial.  Balmy.  Revlvi- 
fying.    Restorative. 

Ant.  Cold.  Cutting.  H.irsh.  Deleteri- 
ous. Noxious.  Deadly.  Blighting.  De- 
structive.   Ungenial.    lithal. 

Genius,  n.  See  Genial.  Used 
also  for  that  peculiar  gift  which 
shows  itself  in  inventive  or  crea- 
tive power,  or  the  discovery  of 
new  combinations.  Talent,  on 
the  other  hand,  is  the  adapting, 
measuring,  and  weigliing  faculty. 
Talent  shows  itself  in  operation 
or  action;  Genius,  in  discovery 
and  creation.  It  is  laxly  used 
in  the  sense  of  the  following. 

Sts.  Talent.  Cleverness.  Inventiveaeis. 
Creativeness.  Intellect.  Skill.  Giftednvss. 
Ideality. 

Ant.  Stolidity.  Stupidity.  Inanity 
Imbecility. 

Genteel,  adj.  Gentilis,  he- 
longing  to  a  gens,  or  family,  espe- 
cially to  higii  family.  The  word 
is  fast  growing  into  disfavour. 

Stn.  Polite.  \V'ell-bred.  Refined.  Cour- 
teous. Fashionable.  Elegant  Aristo- 
cratic. 

Ant.  Rude.  Boorish.  Ill-bred.  Qownish. 
Unfashionable.  Unpolished.  Inelegant. 
Plebeian. 

Gentility,  n. 


See  Genteel. 


Gentle,  adj.  See  Genteel 
for  derivation,  and  remarks  on 
Generous. 

Stn.  Oiurteous.  Polite.  High-bred. 
Mild.     Bland.    Tame.    Docile. 

A.vr.  Rough.  Kude.  Coarse.  Fier<« 
Savage. 

Gentlemanlike,  adj.  Sen 
Gentle  and  Genteel. 

Gently,  ado.    See  Goutle. 


Si/uomjms  and  Antowjins. 


Genuine, 


Sound.     Uii- 
Ficiitious.    Adulterated. 


Belonging    to  the  true 
somve  ov  stock. 

SvN.   AnthPTitic.     Tme, 
adiiUiTated.     Veritable. 

Ant.  Siuirious 
Apc^crvpUul. 

Geum,  n.  Lat.  (jcrmcn,  from 
f/evrf,  to  bear. 

Syn.  Seed.    Nucleus.    Embryo.    Origin. 
AST.  Fruit.    Development.    Result. 

Gebmane,  adj.  Oermnv,  a 
Celtic  wonl,  meaning  nei(jhhonr, 
that  is,  to  the  Gaul. 

Syn.  Allied.  Kindred.  Related.  Homo- 
geneous.    Appropriate. 

Ant.  Unconnected.  Foreign.  Allen. 
Irrelevant. 

Germinate,  v.  int.    See  Germ. 

Stn.  Sprout.    Shoot.    Bud. 
Ant.  Rot.    Decay. 

Gesticulate,  v.,  Gesticula- 
tion, 11.  Gesticulnri,  from  gerere, 
to  hear  (one's  self).  See  Attitude. 

Gesture,  n.  Gestura,  gerere, 
to  hear  (one's  siJf).  A  significant, 
or  in  some  way  appropriate  or 
illustrative  movement.  See  At- 
titude. 

Get,  v.  tr.    Sax.  getan. 

SiN.  Gain.    Procure.    Acquire.    Earn. 
Ant.  Lose.    Forfeit.  Surrender.   Forego 

Gewgaw,     n.       Fr 
Eng.  gaud.     See  Gaud. 

Ghastly,  adj.    Sax.  giist,  gh 
or  spirit. 

Sra.      Deathlike.       Spectral, 
Hideous.    .Shocking. 

Ant.  Blooming.  Fi-esb.  Comely.  Seemly. 
Buxom.    Ruddy. 

Ghost,  «.    .Sf^?  Ghastly. 

Stn.  Spectre.    Apparition.    Spirit. 
Ant.  Body.    Animal.    Organism. 

Giant,  n.  Fr.  geant,  Lat. 
gigas,  Gr.  ynyevTii,  earthhorn,  or 
\iningfrom  the  earth. 

Stn!  iMcnster.    Cyclops.    Colossus. 

Ant.  Dwarf.    Pigmy.    Elf.    Sylph. 

Gibber,    v.    int.      Allied    to 


101 

See    Gibber 


JOIIJOU^ 


Pallid. 


GlBBEllTSH, 

and  Gabble. 
Gibbous,  adj.     Oihhosus,  from 

gibhns,  a  hump. 

SvN.  Coiuei.  Protuberant.  Hunch- 
backed. 

Ant.  Plane  Flat.  Linear.  Concave, 
Depressed. 

GiBE,  V.  int.  Fr.  giber.  To 
deride. 

Stn.  Sneer.    Scoff.    Ridicule.    Taunt. 
Ant.  Salute.    Compliment. 

GiDDT,  adj.  Sax.  gidig.  Hav- 
ing the  feeling  of  giddiness,  or 
the  character  of  giddiness,  or 
tendency  to  produce  giddiness, 
as,  a  giddy  height. 

Syn.  Whirling.  V^ertiginous.  Thought- 
less. Inconstant.  Unsteady.  Lofty. 
Beetling. 

Ant.  Stationary.  Slow.  Ponderous. 
Thoughtful.  Earnest.  Steady.  Low.  Un- 
elevated.    Wary.    Circumspect. 

Gift,  v.  Sax.  gif'an,  to  give. 
1  Something  given. 

I       Stn.  Donation.    Present.    Grant.    Boon. 
I  Gratuity.  Benefaction.  Endowment.  Talent. 

Faculty. 

Ant.    Reservation.      Refustil.      Wages, 

Purchase.      Earnings.     Compensation.     Re- 

munnration.    Inanity.    Stupidity.     Forfeit. 

Penalty.    Fine.    Surrender. 

Gigantic,  adj.  See  Giant. 
I  Like  the  appearance  or  the 
I  strength  of  a  giant. 

Syn.  Colossid.  Huge.  Enormous.  Her- 
culean. 

Ant.  Puny.    Dwarfish."    Feeble. 

Giggle,  n.  Lat.  cachinnare. 
Silly  laughter. 

SvN.  CachiiitiHtion.    Grin.    Titter. 
Ant.  Sob.     Whimper.  Whine.  Blulber 

Giggle,  v.  int.     See  noun. 

Gild,  v.  tr.  Sax.  gold.  To 
overlay  with  gold.  Used  meta- 
phorically for  to  embellish.  See 
Adorn. 

Gilding,  n.    See  Gild. 
I      Gimcrack,  n.    An  Old  Eng. 


Jabber  and  Gabble.    See  Gabble.  |  word,  apparently  employed   a; 


192 


Si/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


first  of  weak  and  pert  characters. 
Transferred  to  objects  of  cheap 
pretentiousness.     iSee  Gewgaw. 

Gird,  v.  tr.     Sax.  gynlan. 

S™.  Surround.  Encircle.  Hem.  En- 
viron.   Belt.     Enclose.    Engirdle. 

Ant.  Disclose.  Open.  Expand.  Disen- 
circle.    Disengirdle.    Ungird. 

Girdle,  v,  tr.     See  Gird. 

Girth,  n.  See  Gird.  The 
measure  of  the  girding  in  band 
or  outline. 

Gist,  n.  Fr.  giste,  a  lying. 
That  in  which  the  force  of  » 
thing  emphatically  lies. 

Sin.  Essence.  Pith.  Marrow.  Sub- 
stance.   Kernel.    Force. 

Ant.  Surplusage.  Redundancy.  Addi- 
tament.  Environment.  Accessories.  Garb. 
Clolliing. 

Give,  v.  tr.    See  Gift. 

Sin.  Bestow.    Grant.    Cunfer.  Impart. 

Yield.  Produce.  Surrender.  Concede. 
Present.    Afford.    Communicate. 

Ant.   Withhold.     AVithdraw.  Refuse. 

Retain.    Grasp.    Fail.    Restrain.  Deny. 

Glabrous,  adj.  Lat.  glaber. 
Having  a  surface  free  of  hairs 
or  srich  like  small  excrescences. 

Syn.  Smooth.  Polished.  Bald.  Shiny. 
Sleek.    Glacial.    Glassy. 

Ant.  Rough.  Hairy.  Bristly.  Wrinkled. 
Hank.    Shaggy.    Hirsute. 

Glad,  aclj.  Sax.  gMd.  Used 
both  of  persons  possessing,  and 
objects  or  occurrences  producing, 
gladness. 

Stn.  Happy.  Joyous.  Pleased.  Grati- 
fied.   Blithesome.    Gleeful. 

Ant.  Unhappy.  Sorrowful.  Disastrous. 
Sorry.    Disappointed.    Dismal. 

GLADDEN,  V.  tr.     See  Glad. 

Syn.  Rejoice.  Cheer.  Gratify.  Exhi- 
larate. 

Ant.  Grieve.  Dispirit.  Disappoint. 
Depress.    Afflict.    Trouble.    Wound. 

Gladness,  n.    See  Glad. 

Gladsome,  adj.  See  Glad. 
Conducive  to  gladness,  or  of  a 
glad  nature. 

Glairy,  adj.  Fr.  glaire,  the 
wliite  of  an  egg.    /See  Gelatinous. 


Glamour,  n.  Perhaps  y\av 
Ka>Ha,  a  white  secretion  of  the 
eyes,  accompanied  by  indistinct- 
ness of  vision.  Metaphorically,  a 
distorted  or  deceptive  vision. 

Syn.  Hallucination.  Visionariness.  Dig* 
tortion.    Blindness. 

Ant.  Clearsightedness.  Observation. 
Penetration. 

Glance,  v.  int.  Germ,  glam, 
flash.  Followed  by  prej).  at. 
See  Gaze. 

Glare,  v.  inf.  Allied  to  Lat. 
cktrus.  To  shine  with  a  strong 
and  steady  brightness,  to  which 
has  been  added  the  idea  of  ex- 
cessive or  unsubdued  brightness. 

SvN.  Beam.  Shine.  Gleam.  Ray. 
Radiate. 

Ant.  Shimmer.  Scintillate.  Glitter. 
Smoulder.  GUmmer.  Glisten.  Glister. 
Sparkle.    Flash.    Flicker. 

Glare,  n.    See  verl. 
Glaringly,  adv.    See  Glare. 

Stn.  Broadly.  Obviously.  Manifestly. 
Conspicuously. 

Ant.  Covertly.    Doubtfully.    Obscurely, 
ively.    Suspiciously. 


Glassy,  adj.  Having  any  one 
or  more  of  the  properties  of 
glass.    Sax.  glds. 

Stn.  Vitreous.  Smooth.  Polished. 
Glacial.  Glabrous.  Brittle.  Transparent. 
Crystalline.  Pellucid.  Limpid.  Glossy. 
Silken. 

Ant.  Rough.  Uneven.  Rugged.  Pliant. 
Tough.  Opaque.  Luteous.  Muddy.  Tur- 
bid.   Scabrous. 

Glaver,  V.  tr.  and  iid.  To 
flatter.  See  Glabrous  and  Flatter. 
To  smoothe  down  \\ith  words. 

Glaze,  v.  tr.  See  Glassy.  To 
make  glassy. 

Syn.  Vitrefy.  Gloss.  Polish.  Burnish. 
Furbish. 

Ant.  Roughen.  Corrugate.  Rumpla 
Crumple. 

Gleam,  v.  inf.  Sax.  ;ldwan, 
to  shine.    See  Glare. 


^l/itoinji  ^s  and  Antonijuis. 


nv. 


Glean,  v.  tr.  Fr.  (jlauvr.  The 
vord  is  probably  couuected  with 
clean.  To  collect,  so  as  to  leave 
clean ;  to  clear  off.  See  Collect, 
whose  meanings  it  largely  fol- 
lows, meaning,  like  it,  to  gather 
together,  tc  sum  np,  and  to  learn 
or  infer. 

Glee,  n.  Old  English.  Comp. 
Glad. 

Glib,  adj.  Dutch  glvppen,  to 
slide.  Allowing  a  body  to  sli^D 
easily  over  its  sui'face.  Metaphori- 
cally applied  to  ease  of  speech. 

Syn.  Slippery.  Voluble.  Smooth. 
Fluent. 

Akt.  Eougb.  Abrupt.  Hesitating. 
Stammeiing. 

Glimmer,  V,  i^(i.  Germ.glim- 
mern,  to  glimmer.     See  Glare. 

Glimpse,  n.    See  Glimmer. 

Stn.  Sight  Inkling.  Glance.  Glim- 
mering.   Survey. 

Akt.  Observation.  Scrutiny.  Investi- 
gation, Inspection.  Analysis.  Elxamina- 
tion.    Exposure. 

Glisten,  v.  int.  Sax.  glesian. 
See  Glare. 

Glistbr,  v.  int.  Gevm.  glistern. 
See  Glare. 

GliiTTKE,  V.  int.  Germ,  glittern. 
See  Glare. 

Gloat,  v.  int.  Germ,  glotzen, 
to  look.  Used  in  an  unfavour- 
able sense,  and  followed  by  the 
p-ep.  over. 

Stn.  Revel.    Glut.    Feast. 
Ant.   Avoid.    Shun,    Loathe.    Abomi- 
nate. 

Glomeration,  ?;.  See  Con- 
glomeration. 

Gloom,  n.  Old  Eng.  Comp. 
Glivm  and  Gloam. 

Stn.  Gloaming.  Twilight.  Obscurity. 
Shadow.    Obscuration. 

Ant.  Light.  Radiauce.  Clearness. 
Brightness.    Daylight. 


Glorify,  v.  tr.  Gloria,  glorg, 
and  jacerc,  to  make.  To  make 
subject  of  praise,  or  illustrious. 

Sir.  Exalt.  Honour.  Elevate,  l.aud. 
Pra'se     Signalize.     Magnify.    Aggrandize. 

Ant.  Depress.  Debiise.  Abuse.  Cen- 
sure.   Degiade.    Decry.    Abase.    Defame. 

Glory,  n.    See  Glorify. 

Stn.  Brightness,  liadiance.  Effulgence. 
Honour.    Fame.    Celebrity. 

Ant.  Obscurity.  Ignominy.  Cloud. 
Dishonour.    Degradation. 

Gloss,  ??.  The  meanings  of 
this  word  sccni  to  flow  from  two 
sources.  Gcnn.gleissen,  to  glisten. 
gives  it  that  of  brightness  or 
polish  ;  the  Gr.  y'Kcba-aa  (whence 
Glossary),  that  of  interpretation, 
but  with  a  bias  to  a  jiarticular 
meaning.  yXoeiv,  to  polish,  has 
been  suggested  as  an  obsolete 
root  of  yXaxraa,  the  tongue. 

Stn.  Polish.  Lustre.  Misinterpreta- 
tion. Distortion.  Perversion.  Twist. 
Plea.     Pretejice.     Sjicciousness. 

Ant.  Nebulousii'ss.  Haze.  Literal- 
ness.  Truth,  llcprfsentation.  Interpreta- 
tion.    Reality.     A'erily. 

Gloss,  v.  tr.    Sec  Gloss,  n. 

Glow,  v.  int.  Sax.  glowan. 
See  Glare. 

Gloze,  v.  tr.     See  Gloss. 

Glut,  v.  tr.  Lat.  glutirs. 
Comp.  Deglutition. 

•Stn.  Gorge.    Fill.    Stuff.    Cram. 
Ant.  Disgorge.    Empty.    Void. 

Glut,  n.     See  verh.     Add. 
Stn.     Surplus.      Redundancy.      Super- 
fluity.   Overstock. 

Ant.    Scarcity.     Scantiness.     Drainage. 
.    Dearth.    Failure. 


Glutinous,  adj.     Gluten,  glue. 

See  Gelatinous. 

Gluttony,   n.     Glutton.     See 
Glut. 

Syn.  Greed.  Gorniaiidizement.  Voracity 
Deglutition. 

Ant.    Abstinence.      Frugality.      A\nU^ 
mlousness.    Temperance.    Vegetarianlem, 
O 


Kii/no)it/uis  and  Antouxjiiis. 


194 


Gnaw,  v.  tr.  Sax.  gnafjau,  to 
bite.    Used  metaphorically. 

Sim.  Bite.  Corrode.  Canker.  Vex. 
Nibble. 

Akt.  Soothe.  Gladden.  Soften,  tjise 
Comfort.    Refresh. 

Go,v.  int.  Sax.  gangun,  Germ. 
(jehen.  Comp.  Gang,  a  num- 
ber going  together. 

Snf.  Move.  Depart.  Pass.  Travel. 
^'anish.    Reach.    Extend. 

Ant.  Stand.  Stay.  Come.  Remain. 
Alildp.     Rest.      Persist.     Kndure.      Lack. 

Fail. 

Goal,  n.  Fr.  gaule,  a  pole  or 
u'i)i7zing-post. 

Stn.  End.  Scope.  Aim.  Termination. 
Close.  Attainmenu  Consummation.  Ar- 
rival. 

Ant.  Commencement.  Starting-point. 
Course.    Effort.    Appetitlon. 

Gobble,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  goh, 
a  morsel. 

SvN.  Swallow.    Gorge.     Bolt. 
Akt.  Disgorge.    Vomit. 

Godless,  adj.    Without  God. 
See  Wicked. 
Godliness,  n.    See  Piety. 
Good,  adj.    Sax.  god,  good. 

Stn.  Right.  Complete.  Sound.  Vir- 
tuous. Pious.  Benevolent.  Propitious. 
Serviceable.  Suitable.  Efficient.  Sufficient. 
Competent.  Valid.  Real.  Actual.  Con- 
riderable.    Honourable.    Reputable. 

Ant.  AVrong.  Imperfect.  Unsound. 
Vicious.  Profane.  Niggardly.  Unpropi- 
tlous.  Unserviceable.  Unsuitable.  In- 
efficient. Inadequate.  Incompetent.  In- 
valid. Fictitious.  Supposititious.  Incon- 
si.lerable.  JMean.  Disgraceful.  Disreput- 
able.   Bad.    EviL 

Good,  n.     See  adj. 

Stm.  Boon.  Benefit.  Advantage.  Gain. 
Blessing.    Mercy. 

Akt.  Hurt.  Injury.  Loss.  Detriment. 
Evil.  Disadvantage.  111.  Calamity,  In- 
fliction.   Curse. 

Goodly,  adj.    See  above. 

Sth.  Pleasant.  Desirable.  Fair.  Comely. 
Considerable.  ,  , .        „ 

Aot.  Unpleasant.  Undesirable.  Un- 
comely.    Inconsiderable. 

Gorge,  v.  tr.  To  swallow 
greedily,  and  in  large  quantities. 


Fr.  gorge,  the  throat.     See  Swal- 
low. 

Gorgeous,  adj.  Old  Fr.  gor- 
gias,  a  ri(ff  or  neckerchief.  Comp. 
Gorge  and  Gorget,  neck  armour, 
thence  applied  to  liighly  orna- 
mental array  in  general,  and  also 
to  decorations. 

Sto.  Magnificent.  Splendid.  Costly 
Rich.    Superb 

Ant.    Poor.      Naked.      Bare.      Cheap. 

Threadbare.    Dowdy.    Dingy. 

Gormandize,  v.  tr.  and  mt.  Fr. 
qourmand,  a  glutton.  See  Gob- 
ble. 

Gossip,  n.  and  v.  int.  Sax. 
God  sib,  relation  in  Ood.  God- 
father or  godmother.  The  re- 
lationship giving  an  opportunity 
of  discussing  domestic  matters, 
the  word  Gossip  came  to  mean  a 
babbler  about  the  private  affairs 
of  others.  See  Babble  and  Bab- 
bler. 

Govern,  v.  tr.  Ouhernare, 
to  rule  or  steer. 

Stn.  Rule.  Direct.  Control.  Moderate. 
Guide.    Sway. 

AXT.  Misrule.    Misdirect.    MiscontroL 

Governor,  n.    See  Govern. 

Grab,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with  Grab- 
ble, Grapple,  and  Gripe.  See 
Snatch. 

Grabble,  v.  int.  Frequent;  of 
Grab.     See  Grovel. 

Grace,  ».  Gratia.  Physical 
and  moral  gracefulness,  the  latter 
being  sho^Ti  in  condescension 
and  benevolence.  Grace  has 
sometimes  the  sense  of  endow- 
ment as  the  result  of  kindness  or 
love,  as  in  theology. 

Stn.  Favour.  Beauty.  Condescenaiox 
Kindness.    Elegance. 

Ant.  Disfavour.  Deformity.  Prida 
Unkindness.  Inelegance.  Awkwardness 
Uawkiness. 


Si/no)iyms  and  Antomjms. 


195 


Gbacklkss,  adj.  See  Grace. 
Commonly  used  to  mean  want- 
ing grace  in  its  moral  or  reli- 
gious sense. 

SvN.  Ungraceful.  Vicious.  ScampiBh. 
Reprobate.    Abandoned.    Worthless. 

Ant.  Graceful.  Virtuous.  Conscientious. 
Upright    Worthy. 

Gracious,  adf.    See  Grace, 

Stn.  Affable.  Courteous.  Benignant 
Kind. 

Ant.  Haughty.  Discourteous.  Ill-dis- 
posed.   Ungracious.    Churlish. 

Gradation,  n.  Gradus,  a 
step.  Used  for  the  point  and 
the  process  of  it. 

Stw.  Stage.  Tier.  Degree.  Rank. 
Graduation.  Ordination.  Arrangement 
Precedency. 

Ant.  Equality.  Uniformity.  Fraternity. 
Abruptness.    Saitation. 

Gradk,  n.  Degree.  See  Gra- 
dation. 

Gradual,  adj.  See  Gradation. 
Step  by  step. 

ST5f.  Slow.  Continuous.  Unintermit- 
tent.    GradationaU 

AUT.  Sudden.  Momentary.  Instan- 
taneous. Periodic.  Recurrent.  Intermit- 
tent. Discontinuous.  Brolien.  Discon- 
nected. 

Graduate,  v.  tr.  See  Gra- 
dation. To  arrange  in  rank.  See 
Classify. 

Graft,  v.  tr.    Old  Eng.  graff. 

Stn.  Bud.  Insert  Incorporate.  Inocu- 
late. 

AuT.  See  Integrate. 

Grain,  n.  Granum,  a  seed. 
Conn,  -with  com  and  kernel. 
Used  metaphorically  in  the  sense 
of — 

Stm.  Essence.  Nature.  Will.  Texture. 
Disposition.  Affection.  Inducement 
Treatihent 

Ant.  Influence.    Circumstance. 

Grand,  adj.     Grandis. 

Stn  Large.  Ilignified.  Imposing.  Im- 
portant.    Eventful.     Mapniflcent 

Ant.  Little.  Undignified.  Unlmposir.g. 
.Secondary.  Inferior.  Unimportant  Petty. 
Paltry.  Beggarly.  Mean,  Common  In- 
iignificant 


Grandeur,  n.    See  Grand. 

SvN.  Disnity.    Mapcnlticence. 
Ant.  Meanness.    I'altriness. 

Grandiloquence,  n.  Grandit, 
grand,  and  loqiii,  to  speak. 

Stn.  Verbosity.  Pomposity.  Mouthi- 
ness.  Grandiosity.  Altiloquence.  Stilted- 
ness.       Euphuism.      Turgidity.     Fustian, 


Ant.  Simplicity.  Plain-spokenness. 
Naivete'.    Unaffectedness.    Vernacular. 

Grandiose,  adj.  See  Grand. 
Used  in  an  unfavourable  sense  of 
the  aflfectation  of  impressiveness 
in  style  of  speech  and  manners. 

Stn.  See  Graudiloquence. 

Grant,  v.  tr.  Old  Eng.  graunt. 
Supposed  to  be  from  credentare, 
wliich  from  credere,  to  believe  or 
trmt. 

Stn.  Give.  Allot.  Bestow.  Confer 
Transfer.    Admit.    Allow.    Concede. 

Ant.  Withhold.  Withdraw.  Reserve. 
Resume.    Deny. 

Graphic,  adj.  ypa^etr,  to 
U'rite  or  describe. 

Stn.  Picturesque.  Illustrative,  De- 
scriptive.   Pictorial.  . 

Ant.  Unpicturesque.  Unillustrative, 
Undescriptive. 

Grapple,  v.  int.  Conn,  with 
Grab.    See  Contend. 

Grasp,  v.  tr.  Old  Germ,  grab- 
ben.  Used  physically  and  in- 
tellectually.    .SVe  Grab. 

Stn.  Seize.  Hold.  Clasp.  Retain. 
Comprehend. 

Ant.  Loose.  Lose.  Abandon.  Re- 
linquish. Surrender.  Release.  Miss.  Mis- 
understand. 

Grate,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fr. 
gratter. 

Stn.  Rub.    Scrape.    Jar.  Scratch. 

Ant.  Glide.    Slip.    SUde.  Lubricate. 

Grateful,  adj.  Grains,  plea- 
sant, grateful. 

Stn.  Pleasant  Acceptable.  Agreeable. 
Thankful    Obligod.    Welcome. 

Ant.  Unpleasant  Unacceptable.  Dli. 
agreeable.    Ungrateful.    Disobliged. 

Gratification,  n.       Gratm, 
pleasant,  facere,  to  make. 
o2 


196 


Si/nomjms  and  Antonyms. 


Sth.  Pleasure.  Knjoyment.  Satisfac- 
tion,   indulgence. 

Aht.  Pain.  Dislike.  Disappointment. 
Abstinence.  Abnegation.  Stitting.  Disci- 
pline.   Inurement. 

Gbatify,  V.  tr.  See  Gratifica- 
tion. 

S™.  Please.  Satisfy.  Indulge.  Hu- 
mour. 

Ant.  Displease.  Dissatisfy.  Disappoint. 
Stint.  Discipline,  Inure.  Harden.  De- 
prive.   Deny. 

Gratitude,  n.  See  Gratifica- 
tion. 

Stn.  Thankfulness. 

Akt.  Unlhankfulness.  Ingratitude. 
Thanklessness.  Oblivion.  Resentment. 
Indignation. 

GEATXnTOUS,  ad).  Lat.  f/ratis. 
Has  the  twofold  meaning  of 
without  equivalent  and  without 
propriety;  that  is,  uncalled  for 
by  circumstances. 

'  Stn.  Free.  Uncompensated.  Vo-luntary. 
Unwarranted.    Groundless.    AVanton. 

Akt.  Compulsory.  Involuntary.  Obli- 
gatory. Necessitated.  Warranted.  Well- 
founded. 

Gratuity,  n.    See  Gratuitous. 

Stn.  See  Bonus. 

Geatulation,  n.  See  Con- 
gratulation. 

Geavk,  adj.  Gravis,  heavy. 
The  word  is  not  used  of  physical 
things,  but  events,  considera- 
tions, circumstances,  character, 
and  demeanour. 

Stn.  Sad.  Serious.  Demure.  Solemn. 
Important.    Aggravated.    Heavy.    Co<rent. 

Akt.  Joyous.  Merry.  Fac^-lious.  Ridi- 
culous. Unimportant.  Trivial.  Light. 
Frivolous.    Futile. 

Gravely,  n.    See  Grave. 
GeaZE,  v.  tr.     Sax.  grdx,  grass. 
To  shave  or  pass  lightly  over. 

Stn.  Shave.  Scrape.  Skim.  Abrade. 
Shear. 

Akt.  Strike.  Impinge.  Collide.  En- 
counter. 

Great,  adj.     Sax.  great. 

STK.  Big.  Wide.  Huge.  Numerous. 
Pr:)tracted.  Excellent.  Magnanimotis. 
Soble.    Powerful,    txalted.    Noticeable. 


AST.  Little.  Narrow.  Pnny.  Few 
Scanty.  .Sbort.  Jleau.  ignoble.  \V(ak 
Unimportant. 

GbkkDY,  a'^^J.  Greed.  Goth. 
gredus,  hunger. 

Stn.  Gluttonous.  Voracious.  Hungry 
Desirous.    Avaricious. 

Akt.  Abstemious.  Abstinent.  Irdif 
ferent.    Contented. 

Greet,  v.  tr.  Sax.  grijtan.  To 
address.     See  Address. 

GeegAEIOUS,  adj.  Grex,  gregi;^, 
a  flock.  Formed  of  society,  or 
living  in  communities. 

Stn.  Social.    Sociable.    Consociative. 
Ant.  Unsocial.    Unsociable.    Solitary. 

Grief,  n.  Lat.  gravis,  heavy. 
That  which  weighs  heavily  upon 
the  mind. 

Stn.  Trouble.  Tribulation.  Affliction. 
Sorrow.    Sadness. 

AST.  Joy.  Exultation.  Delight  Ela- 
tion.    Hilarity. 

Grievance,  n.  Gravamen,  a 
burden.     See  Grief. 

Stn.  Burden.  Injury.  Complaint. 
Trouble. 

Ant.  Congratulation.  Rejoicing.  Boon. 
Benefit.  Alleviation.  Disburdenment.  Rid- 
dance.    Privilege. 

Grieve,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Grief,  act.  and  neuf. 

Stn.  Trouble.  Burden.  Annoy.  Afflict 
Mourn.    Lament.    Complain.    Deplore. 

Akt.  Ease.  Console.  Soothe.  Please. 
Rejoice.    Exult.    Gratify,    Alleviate. 

Grievous.    See  Grief. 

Stn.  Sad.  Heavy.  Afflictive.  Lamen- 
table.   Deplorable.    Sorrowful. 

Ant.  Joyous.  Delightful.  Pleasant 
Glad.  Consolatory.  Grateful.  Welcome. 
Acceptable.    Trifling.    Light.    Trivial. 

Grievously,  adv.  >Sec.  Griev- 
ous. 

Grim,  adj.  Sax.  grimman,  to 
rage. 

Stn.  Fierce.  Ferocious.  Terrible 
Hideous. 

AN-r.  Mild.  Docile.  Atiraciive.  PUcId 
Benign. 

Grimace,  n.  Sax.  grima,  a 
mask. 


Syiionijms  and  Anloiujiiis. 


97 


Syk.  Contortion.    Taunt.    Sneer.    Scoff. 
AST.    Countenance.     Admiration.     Ob- 
servance.   Respect.    Regaid.    Gaze. 

Grime,  v.  tr.  Sax>  lirum,soot, 
iirim.  Comp.  Eime,  Hoar-frost. 
To  sully  with  particles  of  dirt. 

Sts.  Smear.    Sully.    Dirt.    Smtidse. 
AUT.  Cleanse.     Purify.     Lave.      Wash. 
Absterge.    Beautify. 

Grin,  n.  and  v.  Sax.  See 
Cachinnation. 

Grind,  v.  Sax.  grindan,  to 
grind.  Used  metaphorically. 
See  Oppress. 

Gripe.  Sax.  grlpan.  Comp. 
Grab  and  Grip.  To  seize  tightly ; 
to  produce  pain  as  if  so  seized. 

Sin.  Grasp,  beize.  Clutch.  Gnaw. 
Pain.    Squeeze.    Screw. 

AlJT.  Abandon.  Relax.  Soothe.  Ease. 
Relieve. 

Griping,  adj.  See  Gripe. 
Used  metaphorically;  also  in 
the  sense  of  Avaricious,  which 
see. 

Groan,  v.  int.    Old  Eng. 

Stn.  Moan.    Whine.    Growl.    Grumbl-?. 
Ant.  Giggle.    Cackle.    Chuckle.   Titter. 

Grope,  v.  int.  Sax.  grapinn. 
Allied  to  Gripe,  and  used  in  the 
sense  of  feeling  after  an  object, 
and  in  the  dark. 

Syn.  Feel.    Search.    Grabble.    Fumble. 
Ant.    Grasp.      Seize.      Hold.      Expose. 
Discover.    Attain.    Manipulate. 

Gross,  adj.  Fr.  gros,  great. 
Implies,  1,  size,  and  2,  a  coarse 
degree  of  it. 

Sin.     Entire.     Vulgar.     Vicious.     Im- 
pure.   Coarse.     Bloated.    Sensual.    Animal. 
Ant.  Partial.    Nett.     Pure.     Refined. 

Grotesque,  adj.  Grotto.  Gr. 
KpvTTTos,  hidden.  Comp.  Crypt. 
Like  the  whimsical  figures  found 
in  grottoes. 

Stn.  Whimsical.  Odd.  Quaint.  Bur- 
esque.    Archaic.    C;iricatured.    Distorted. 

Ant.  Classic,  Chaste.  Fine.  Fashion- 
ible.    Graceful.    Severe. 

GsouND,     n.        Sax.     grund, 


ground,     earth,     grn-i-d .       Comp. 
Grind.     Used  metaphoricallj'. 

Syn.  Basis.  Foundation.  Premiss.  Rea- 
son.   Cause.     Account.    Plea. 

Ant.  Superstructure.  Statement.  Argu- 
ment.    Inference.     Deduction. 

Grounded,  adj.  See  Ground. 
Applied  to  persons  and  ideas,  or 
opinions. 

Stn.  Rooted.  Established.  Initiated. 
Inaugurated.  Prepared.  Indoctrinated- 
Trained. 

Ant.  Ungrounded.  Untangled.  Unpre- 
pared. Uninitiated.  Unfounded.  Baseless. 
Unauthorized.    Groundless. 

Groundless,  adj.  See  Groimd, 

Sy'n.  Vain.  Supposititious.  Unfounded. 
Baseless.  Fanciful.  Gratuitous.  Chime- 
rical. 

Ant.  Well-founded.  Substantial.  Au- 
thoritative.   Actual.    Authentic 

Group,  n.  Fr.  groupe.  A 
collection,  with  an  implied  idea 
of  purposed  arrangement,  or  at 
least  orderliness. 

.Syn.  Cluster.  Bunch.  Knot.  Assem- 
blage.   Collocation.    Class.    Collection. 

Ant.  Isolation.  Individual  Crowd 
Confusion.    Medley. 

Grovel,  v.  int.  Germ,  krah- 
heln,  to  cvaivl.  Used  always  un- 
favourably, in  the  sense  of  ac- 
tions of  a  base  or  sensual  de- 
scription. 

Syn.  Crawl.  Cringe.  Wallow.  Grabble 
Grub. 

Ant.  Soar.    Aspire.    Mount.    Rise. 

Grow,  v.  int.  Sax.  growan. 
Conn,  with  crescere.  Comp.  Ac- 
crue. 

Syn.  Increase.  Advance.  E.xtend.  Ac- 
crue.   Become.    Develop.    Amplify. 

Ant.  Diminish.  Recede.  Contract 
Fail.    Stop.    Die.    Wane. 

Growl,  v.  int.  Old  Germ. 
gridlen,  to  be  angry. 

Stn.  Snarl.  Grumble.  Complain,  Re- 
monstrate.   Murmur.    Grunt. 

Ant.  Chuckle.  Cackle.  Grin.  Pnrt 
Acquiesce. 

Growth,  n.    See  Grow. 
Grub,  v.  int.    See  GroveL 


U)S 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 
Guidance, 


Geitdge,  v.  tr.  Old  English. 
To  look  upon,  -with  desire  to 
appropriate  or  retain.  Followed 
gmmmatjcally  by  the  object,  or 
the  object  and  person,  but  not 
by  the  person  alone. 

SvN.  Spare.  Retain.  Covet  Envy. 
Withhold. 

Ant.  Spend.  Impart.  Welcome.  Satisfy. 
Gratify. 

GKtTDGE,  n.     -See  verb. 

Sr.v.  Spite.  Grievance.  Dissatisfaction. 
Discontent.    Refusal. 

AXT.  \Velcome.  Satisfaction.  Approval. 
Ctmtentment.  Complacency.  Bestowal. 
Benefaction. 

Gextff,  adj.     Dan.  (irof. 

Syv   Rough.    Surlv.    Harsh.    Bearish. 
AST.   Smooth.     iiUd.     Affable.     Coar- 

teoiis. 

Grumble,  v.  int.  Low.  Germ. 
grummeln.     See  Growl. 

Grujipy,  adj.  See  Grumble 
and  Surly. 

Geunt,  v.  int.  Lat.  grunnire. 
See  Growl. 

Guard,  v.  tr.  Fr.  gmrder. 
Compai-e  Guard  and  Ward, 
Guardian  and  Warden,  See  Pro- 
tect. 

Guarded,  adf.  See  Guard 
Said  of  disposition  and  demean- 
our.    See  Calculating. 

Guardian,  n.    See  Guard. 

Svx.    Keeper,     rrolector.     Conservator. 

Custodian.  r^    ■,    ttt    a 

Ant.  Traitor.    Betrayer.    Pupil.  Ward. 

Gimss,  v.tr.  OldEng.  Allied 
to  Sax.  gitan,  to  get. 

SvN.  Conjecture.  Surmiso.  Divine. 
Suppose.    Suspect 

Ant.  Examine.  Prove.  Investigate. 
EstablUh.  Demoiislraie.  Elaborate.  De- 
duce. 

Guest,  «.  Lat.  hofsfis,  fir.st,  a 
vh-o'Kjrr,  afterwards,  an  enemy; 
•x^  in  Gr.  ^tfoy,  fiv&i,a  dratujiv, 
iil'tcvwards  '/  friend. 

S.K  Visitor. 

i.NT    Enieruimr.     Host. 


Ste  Guide 


Semblance.    Plea. 


Guide,  v.  tr.    Fr.  guider. 

Syn.  Lead.  Direct.  Conduct  Pilot 
Regulate.    Superintend.     Influence.    Train. 

Ant.  Mislead.  Misdirect.  Misconduct. 
Mismanage.  Slisregulate.  Misguide.  Mir,- 
educate.    Betray.    Deceive. 

Guile,  n.  Sax.  and  Modem 
En^.  wile. 

Srs.  Craft  Treachery.  Deceit  Cun- 
ning.   Insidiousness.     Artifice. 

A>.-T.  Honesty.  Simplicity.  Frankness. 
Generosity.    Candour.    Sincerity. 

Guileless,  adj.  See  Guile 
and  Craft. 

Guilt,  n.  See  Guile  and 
Crime. 

Guiltless,  adj.  See  Guile 
and  Innocent. 

Guise,  w.  Fr.  guise.  General 
appearance. 

Sin.  A>pect.    Garb. 
Demeanour. 

Ant.  Character.  Person.  Individual. 
Sentiment  Di>position.  Opinion.  Life. 
Mind.    Soul.    Self. 

Gull,  n.  From  the  bird— said 
to  be  foolish.  Comp.  the  use  of 
the  following  names  of  birds — 
Dupe,  Booby,  Goose. 

Syn.  See  Cheat. 

Gulp,  v.  tr.  "Dutch  goJpe,  a 
whirlpool  or  gulf.-    See  Swallow. 

Gush,  v.  int.  Low  Germ. 
gitdsen. 

Sts.  Burst  Stream.  Flow.  Gn>h. 
Spout.  „ 

Ant.  Drip.  Drop.  Dribble.  Trickle. 
Strain.    Drain.    Ooze.    Filter.    Percolate. 

GusT,  n.,  Gustablb,  adj. ; 
Gustation,  «.,-  Gustful,  adj.; 
GrsTLESS,  ndj.  Lat.  gustus, 
tadi'.     See  Taste. 

Gust,  n.  Iceland,  gustr.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Sin.  Squall.  Blast  PufL  Fit  Out- 
bnrst.  „  .   ., 

Ant.  Calm.  Tranquillity.  Subsidcnc«i 
Resir.iiut.    Coiniiosurc.    Zi-pliyr. 

Grzzi.K.  '•.  i''f.  A  modlHcR.- 
liuii  of  Guttlo.     See  Gorge. 


Synonyms  and  Antomjms. 


199 


H. 

Habiliment,  n.  Fr.  habille- 
ment,  Lat.  habere,  habitus,  Eng. 
habit,  in  the  sense  of  dress.  Used 
also,  in  the  plural,  of  official  or 
state  dress. 

Stn.    Dress.    Vestments.    Robes.    Uni- 


Habilitate,  V.  tr.     See  noun. 

Habilitation,  n.  Lat.  habilis, 
habere,  from  -which  is  derived 
ability.  An  old  word  extensively 
revived. 

Stn.  Qualification.  Entitlemeut.  Em- 
powerment. 

Ant.  Disqualification.  Depression.  De- 
basement.   Dishabilitation. 

Habit,  n.  See  HabiUment. 
That  which  is  constantly  asso- 
ciated with  the  individual,  in 
dress  or  demeanour.  The  word 
illustrates  the  double  sense  of 
custom  and  costume,  from  con- 
guetudo. 

Stn.  Habituation.  Custom.  Familiarity. 
Association.    Inurement. 

Ant.  Dishabituatioii.  Inexperience.  In- 
conversance.    Desuetude.    See  Habiliment. 

Habitation,  n.  Eabitare, 
habere.  Where  one  has  one's 
self,  or  abides  continually.  See 
Abode. 

Habitual,  adj.    See  Habit. 

Stn.  Regular.  Ordinary.  Perpetual. 
Customary.     Usual. 

Ant.  irregular.  Extraordinary.  Occa- 
sional.   Unusual.    E.\ceptioual.    Kare. 

Habituate,  v.  tr.  See  Habit 
and  Accustom. 

Habitude,  n.  See  Habit.  An 
habitual  state. 

Stn.  State.  Fixity.  Condition.  Atti- 
tude. 

Am.  Action.  E.xercise.  Operation. 
Eswrgy. 

Hack,  v.  tr.    Sax.  haccuK. 


Syn.  Chop.    Notct.    Curtail.    Indent, 
Ant.  Smoothe.    Plane.     Polish.    Glaze 
Varnish.    Gloss.    Repair.    Turn.    Carve. 

Hackneyed,  adj.  Old  Fr. 
haque,  whence  hackney,  a  horso 
for  hu-e.  Used  of  ideas  and  ex- 
pressions. 

Stn.  Trite.    AVorn.    Stale.    Threadbare. 
Ant.  Novel.    Bright.    Original.  Recent. 
Fresh. 

Haggard,  adj.  Conn,  with 
Hawk.  The  original  meaning 
of  this  term  was  wild,  and  in- 
clined to  behave  like  a  refractory 
hawk;  hence,  wild  in  appear- 
ance, especially  with  a  wild, 
worn,  anxious  expression  of  the 
features. 

Snr.  Wild.  Wasted.  Worn.  Attenu- 
ated.     AV'rinkled. 

Ant.  Sleek.    Smug.    Chubby.    Plump. 

Haggle,  v.  inf.  Scotch,  /(«.'/ 
for  hack,  to  cut  into  small  ps'.ces. 
To  be  hard  at  bargaining. 

Stn.  Higgle.    Cli.iffer.   Bargain.    Stickle. 
Ant.    Yield.    Deduct.    Abate.     Reduce. 
Discount. 

Hail,  v.  tr.  Der.  uncertain. 
Perhaps,  /«■//,  health,  answering 
to  the  Latin  s<duto,  from  salus, 
meaning  the  same  thing. 

Syn.  Accost.  Address.  Salute.  Call, 
Welcome.    Greet. 

Ant.  Ignore.    Pass.    Cut.    Avoid. 

Halcyon,  Halcyonic,  adj. 
The  bird  halcyon  was  said  to  lay 
her  eggs  close  to  the  sea,  during 
the  calm  of  the  winter  solstice. 
Tins  was  taken  to  prognosticate 
the  absence  of  stormy  weather. 

Stn.  Calm.    Serene.    Balmy.  Unruffled. 

Ant.  Stormy.  Troublous.  Tempcsm- 
ous.    Blustering.     Boisterous. 

Half,  n.     Sax.  heal/. 

Syn.  .Moiety.    Bisection.    Dlmldiation. 

Ant.  integrity.  Entirety.  Totality. 
Whole. 

Hallow,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hcili^/, 
liolfi. 

Syn.  Consecrate.    Venerate.    Rererente 
Ant.    Desecrate.    Profane.     BU'spheta 
Abominate.    Execrate. 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyms. 


200 


Hallucination,  iu  Lat.  Ind- 
luciuuri,  to  see  disordered  visions. 

Stn.  Delirium.  Delusion.  Phantasm. 
Dream. 

Ant.  Perception.    Observation.    Sight. 

Hallucination  is  the  result  of 
a  disordered  constitution,  as 
phantasm  of  a  disordered  mind. 

Halt,  v.  int.     Sax.  healtian,  to 

Jimp. 

S-m.  Stop.  Best.  Limp.  Falter.  Ilesi- 
late.  Hammer.  Stammer.  Demur.  Dubi- 
tule. 

Ant.  Advance.  Decide.  Determine. 
Siiecrt.     Flow.    Career. 

Handle,  v.  tr.    Hand. 

Stn.  FeeL  Treat.  Use.  Manage. 
.M.inipulate. 

Ant.  Drop.    Mismanage.    Bungle. 

Handmaid,  n.  A  maid  at 
hand  or  in  service.  The  word  is 
used,  metaphorically,  of  that 
which  is  ancillary  to  another 
lliiug,  from  anciVn,  a  handmaid : 
as,  ■  music,  the  handmaid  of  re- 
ligion.' 

Syn.  Servant.    Auxiliary.    Supporter. 
Ant.  Antagonist.    Opponent. 

Handsome,  adj.  Hand.  The 
old  meaning  of  the  word  was 
handy,  adroit,  dexterous.  Thence 
applied,  as  still  in  Scotland,  to 
the  figure  and  limbs  in  which 
appear  that  moulded  and  well- 
turned  character  wliich  accom 
pany  agility;  and  thence  trans- 
ferred again,  as  in  England,  to 
the  contour  and  moulding  of  the 
features.  It  is  used,  metaphoii 
cally,  of  graceful  deeds  and  cha^ 
racter. 

Sn-.  Comely.  Good-loolcing.  Generous. 
Liberal. 

Ant.  Uncomely,  lli-loolcing.  Ungene- 
rous,    Illiberal.    Unhandsome. 

Handy,  adj.  See  Handsome. 
Coming  well  to  hand. 

Stn.  Near.  Convenient.  Useful.  Help- 
fn).     Manageable. 

•Vnt.  Remote.  Inconvenien;  Aw'Kward. 
Useless.    Cumbrous.    Unwieldy,   '^nhandy. 


Hang,  '•.  inf.  and  tr.  Sa^. 
hanf/an.    Used  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Rest.    Lean.    Depend.    Suspend. 
Ant.  Stand. 

Hanker.  Allied  either  to 
Hang  or  Hunger.  To  hang  about 
a  thing  in  desire,  and  so  to  feel 
appetite.  Used  with  the  pi-ep. 
After. 

Stn.  Lons.    Yearn.    Crave.    Hunger. 
Ant.   DUlike.    Shun.    Loathe.    Abomi- 
nate.   Detest.    Abhor.    Avoid. 

Hap,  n.  Welsh.  Luck  or 
chance.     See  Luck. 

Hapless,  adj.     See  Luckless. 

Haply,  adv.    See  Perhaps. 

Happen,  v.  int.  See  Haj)  and 
Befall. 

Happy,  adj.  See  Hap.  Ac- 
cording to  ha])  or  luck. 

Stn.  Luclvv.  Fortunate.  Felicitous. 
Successful.  Delighted.  Joyous.  Merry 
Blithesome. 

Ant.  Unlucky.  Unfortunate.  Infelici- 
tous. Unsuccessful.  Sorrowful.  Sorry. 
Disappointed.  Dull.  Lugubrious.  De- 
sponding.   Unhappy. 

Harangue,  n.  Arena.  Comp. 
Eing.  A  speech  made  to  a  num- 
ber of  persons.  As  speech  is 
generic,  so  oration  is  an  elaborate 
and  prepared  speech.  Harangue, 
a  speech,  appeals  not  to  the 
taste,  but  the  passions. 

Stn.  Speech.  Oration.  Effusion.  De- 
clamaticn.    Rant. 

Ant.  Stiimmer.  Stutter.  Mutter 
Jtumble.  Drawl.  Insinuation.  Suggestion. 
Reasoning.    Blandiloquence. 

Harass,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  liaras&e, 
a  large  heavy  shield^  which  fa- 
tigued and  galled  the  wearer, 

Stn.  AVeary.  Annoy.  Fatigue.  Jade. 
Tease.  Irritate.  Chafe.  Molest.  Worry 
Vex.    Harrow. 

Ant.  Refresli.  Comfort.  Solace.  Re- 
lieve.   Soothe.    Animate.  .Inspirit. 

Harbinger,  n.  Germ,  hn- 
herger.  Conn,  with  Harbour. 
One  who  finds  rest  or  lodging 


Synonyms  and  Anionymi 


201 


^icoiidly,  one  who,  to  find  lodg- 
ii\<:.  goes  before  a  great,  personage 
t,i  announce  his  coming;  hence, 
thirdly,  one  who  announces  a 
person  or  event. 

Syn.  Announcer.  Herald.  Precursor. 
F.irerunner. 

Ant.     Reporter.  Narrator.      Rclater. 

Historian.    Follower.  Attendant. 

Harbour,  n.    See  Harbinger. 

Stx.  Haven.  Rest.  Refuge.  Sbelter. 
Ancboiage.     Home. 

Akt.  J.abour.  Toil.  Peril.  Exposure. 
\'oyiige.  Roving.  Roaming.  Wandenng. 
I'ilgiiniagc.    Tossing. 

Harbour,  v.  tr.  See  Harbour, 
,1.  Used  in  the  senses  of  giving 
accommodation,  and  finding  a 
]ilace  in  the  mind  for  certain 
tlioughts  or  sentiments. 

Syn.  Actonimodate.  Cherish.  Enter- 
tain.    Encourage. 

Ant.  Eject.  Expel.  Discard.  Discou- 
vag''.    Stifle.    Exclude.    Banish.    Dismiss. 

Hard,  adj.  Sax.  heard,  Gr. 
KpciTos,  strength. 

Syn.  Firm.  Dense.  Solid.  Compact. 
Unyielding.  Impenetrable.  Arduous.  Diffi- 
cult. Grievous.  Distressing.  Rigorous. 
Oppressive.  Exacting.  Unteeling.  Stub- 
Imrn.  Harsh.  Forced.  Constrained.  In- 
explicable. 

Ant.  Soft.  Fluid.  Liquid.  Elastic. 
Brittle.  Penetrable.  Easy.  Mild.  Lenient. 
Tender.  Ductile.  Uninvolved.  Simple, 
hitelligible.    Perspicuous. 

Harden,  v.  tr.     See  Hard. 

Stn.  Inure.  Train.  Habituate.  Con- 
firm.    Indurate.    Consolidate.    Compact. 

Ant.  Disinure.  Relax.  Enervate.  De- 
bilitate. Dishabituate.  Soften.  Melt. 
Mollify.    Colliquate.    Vaporize. 

Hardihood,  n.  See  Hardy 
and  Audacity. 

Hardly,  adv.    See  Hard. 

Stn.  Barely.  Just.  Scarcely.  Nar- 
rowly. 

Ant.  Fully.  Amply.  Easily.  Largely. 
Abundantly. 

Hardship,  n.    See  Hard, 

Stn.  Trouble.  Burden.  Annoyance. 
Grievance.  Calamity.  Infliction.  Endnr- 
*nce. 

AST.  Pleasure.  Amusement.  Allevia- 
tion. Recreatiiin.  Gratification.  Relief. 
Assuagement.     Facilitation.    Boon     Treat. 


Hardy,  adj.    See  Hard. 

Stn.  Inured.  Robust.  Strong.  P.jso- 
lute. 

Ant.  Weak.  Uninured.  Delicate.  Ir- 
reso'ute.  Enervated.  Debilitated.  Fragile. 
Tender. 

Harm,  «.    Sax. 

Stn.  Hurt.  Mischief.  Injury.  Detri- 
men  t.     Damage. 

Ant.  Benefit.  Boon.  Amelioration. 
Improvement.  Reparation.  Compensati'ju 
Healing.    Remedy. 

Harmless,  adj.    See  Harm. 

Stn.  Innocuous.  Innoxious.  Inoffen 
sive.    Innocent.    Gentle. 

Ant.  Nocuous.  Noxious.  Hurtful 
Savage.  Cruel.  Deadly.  Violent.  Di- 
structive.    Iklischievous.    Pernicious. 

Harmonious.  Harmony.  Gr. 
apfiQvia,  a  Joint  Joining  or  com- 
pucting  ;  apa,  I  Join. 

Stn.  Congruous.  Accordant.  Propor- 
tioned. Uniform.  Melodious.  Musical. 
Dulcet.  Tuneful.  Peaceful.  Agreeable. 
Amicable.    Fiiendly. 

Ant.  Incongruous.  Discordant.  D's- 
proportioned.  Unshapely.  Harsh.  Grating. 
Unmelodious.  Unfriendly.  Riotous.  Un- 
peaceful.    Quarrelsome. 

As  at  present  used,  harmony, 
in  music,  is  the  relation  of  single 
notes  to  chords,  melody,  the 
ascent,  dwelling,  or  descent  of 
single  notes. 

Harmony,  «.  See  Harmo- 
nious. 

Harness,  n.  Old  Fr.  Used 
formerly  of  the  accoutrements  of 
man,  horse,  and  equipage.  See 
Accoutrements. 

Harp,  v.  Sax.  hearpe,  a  harp. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Peg.    Strum.    Hammer.    Drum. 
Ant.  Touch.    Handle.    Treat.    Manage 

Illustrate. 

j  Harrow,  v.  tr.  Lat.  hirpex, 
I  Low  Lat.  hercia,  a  harrow.  Used 
metaphorically.  *See  Harass. 
I  Harsh,  adj.  Genn.  harsch. 
j  Expresses  what  is  uncongenial, 
'  more  especially,  in  the  first  in- 
■  stajico,  to  the  hearing  and  tha 


202 


Sunonyms  and  Antonyms. 


toucli,  and  is  used,  analogously, 
of  disposition^  language,  and  de- 
meanour. 

Stn.  Rough.    Grating.    Severe.     Sharp. 

Ant.    Smoothe.      Melodious.      Lenient. 

Suave.    Bland.    Gentle.    Genial    Kindly. 

Harshly,  adv.    See  Harsli. 

Harvest,  ??.  Sax.  As  it 
were,  herb-feast,  or  time  of  car- 
rying the  grain.  It  is  used,  me- 
taphorically, of  abundance  of 
things  profitable. 

Srs.  Growth.  Produce.  Abundance. 
Profit.  Gain  Influx.  Accession.  Aug- 
mentation.   Crop. 

Ant.  Diminution.  Failure.  Scarcity. 
Loss.  Famine.  Waste.  Damage.  Calamity. 
Ruination.    Reverse.    Blight. 

Haste,  n.     Old  Fr.  haste. 

Stn.  Sp<=-«d.  Celerity.  Expedition. 
Hurry.  Despatch.  Excitement.  Heedless- 
ness. 

Ant.  Slowness.  Tardiness.  Delay. 
Coolness.  Reflection.  ModeraUon.  Steadi- 
ness. 

Hasten,  v.  tr.  and  Int.  See 
Haste. 

Stn.  Accelerate.  Urge.  Expedite. 
Speed.    Press.    Hurry. 

Ant.  Retard.  Impede.  Obstruct.  De- 
mur.   Hesitate.    Halt. 

Hasty,  adj.    See  Haste. 

Stn.  Speedy.  Rapid.  '  Superficial. 
Hurried.  Irascible.  Impetuous.  Reckless. 
Headlong.  Crude.  Incomplete.  Unde- 
veloped.   Immature. 

Ant.  Slow.  Leisurely.  Careful.  Close. 
Reflective.  Developed.  Matured.  Complete. 
Klaborate.    Thoughtful.    Deliberate. 

Hatch,  v.  tr.  Germ,  hecken. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Prepare.  Concoct.  Devise.  Scheme. 
Brew.    Plot.    Contrive.    Incubate. 

Ant.  Disconcert.  Upset  Expose.  Dis- 
sipate. Counteract.  Baflle.  Mar.  Spoil. 
Frustrate.    Neutralize. 

Hate,  v.  fr.    Sax.  liatiun,  to 
hate.     See  Abhoi". 
Hateful,  adj.     See  Hate. 

Sl-N.  Abominable.  Detestable.  Vile. 
Odious.    Heliums.    E.\ecrable. 

Ant.  Loveable.  Lovely.  Desirable. 
DellghtfuL  Attractive.  Enticing.  Tempt- 
t2g.     Plrj«anU     E.-\)uyBble.  I 


I  Haughty,  adj.  Fr,  naut^ 
'  high.     See  Affable. 

Haul,  v.  tr.  Dan.  halen.  Same 
as  hale,  to  drag.     See  Drag. 

Haunt,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hentan,  to 
pursue,  go  after.  In  English,  to 
frequent.     See  Abandon. 

Have,  v.  tr.  Lat.  habere,  to 
have. 

Stn.  Own.    Possess.    Feel.    Entertain. 

Accept.  Bear.    Enjoy.    Keep. 

Ant.  Want.      Need.      Lose.      Forego. 

Discard.  Rgect.  Miss.  Desiderate.  Covet. 
Desire. 

Havin,  n.  Sax.  ha/en.  See 
Harbour. 

Havoc,  n.    Welsh,  hafog. 

Stn.  Desolation.  Ruin.  Waste.  Wreck. 
Ravage.  Demolition.  Destruction.  De- 
vastation. 

Ant.  Conservation.  Enhancement.  En- 
richment. Augmentation.  Development. 
Productiveness.     Lu.vuriance.     Prosperity. 

Hawk,  v.  tr.  Germ.  Iwhen,  to 
higgle.  To  sell  by  outcry,  or  iu 
different  places,  as  a  pedler. 

Stn.  Sell.    Peddle.    Retul. 
Ant.  Reserve.    Store.    Suppress.  With- 
hold.   House.    Bond.    Store. 

Hawker,  n.    See  Hawk. 

Hazard,  v.  tr.  Fr.  An  un- 
foreseen disaster,  or  hidilen 
danger. 

Stn.  Peril.  Risk.  Jeopardy.  Danger. 
Chance. 

Ant.  Safety.  Security.  Protection. 
Warrant    Certainty.    Calculation.    Law. 

Hazy,  axij.     Haze.    Armoric, 

ai-z,  luarm  vajioiir. 

Stn.  Foggy.  Nebulous,  jilisty.  i'.'jxiy. 
Gauzy.    Cloudy.    Cul'ginous.    Murky. 

Ant.  Diaphanous.  Clear.  Crystalline. 
Transparent. 

Head,  t?.  Germ,  hanpt.  Alhed 
to  Lat.  caput.  Used  metaphori- 
cally or  antdogously. 

Stn.  Top.  Crown.  Chief.  Leader. 
Ruler.  Mind.  Source.  Section.  Division 
Topic.  tJalheriiig.  Culmination.  Cri«>s 
Leadership. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


203 


Am  Tail.  Bottom.  Foot.  rDllower. 
StTvant.  Retainer.  Subordinate.  Subordi- 
nation. Inferiority.  Body.  Bulk.  Sub- 
ject.    Continuation. 

Heading,  n.  See  Head  and 
Title. 

Headlong,  adj.    See  Hasty. 

Headstrong,  adj.  See  Head 
and  Obstinate. 

Heal,  v.  tr.  Sax.  Minn.  From 
lidl,  hale  or  sound.  To  make 
sound  after  injury.  Applied 
both  to  wounds  and  tbe  -wounded. 

Syn.  Cure.  Repair.  Restore.  Remedy. 
Assuage.    Cicatrize. 

Akt.  Harm.  Hurt.  AVound.  Pierce. 
Ulcerate. 

Healthy,  adj.  Health.  -See 
Heal.  Having  or  imparting 
health. 

Stn.  Vigorous.  Smind.  Robust.  Strong. 
Hale.    Salubrious.    Wholesome. 

Ant.  Unhealthy.  Unsound.  Weak. 
Delicate.     Fragile.     Noxious.     Pernicious. 


Insalubrious 

Health,  n 
Heap,  v.  tr 

mulate. 
Heart,  n. 

lierz,   Gr.    Kr)p 


.See  Healthy, 
Sax.     -See  Accu- 


Sax.  Tieorte,  Germ. 
Lat.  cor.  Ee- 
garded  as  the  centre  of  life  and 
the  seat  of  courage  and  benevo- 
lence. 

Stn.  Core.  Nucleus.  Kernel.  Interior. 
Centre.  Character.  Uisposiiion.  Omrape. 
Hardihood.  Nature.  Life.  Feeling.  Be- 
nevolence. 

Ant.  Exterior.  Hand.  Action.  Aspect. 
Manifestation.     Conduct     Deed.    Timidity. 

Heartiness.     See  Hearty. 

Hearty,  a<lj.  See  Heart.  Ex- 
hibiting heart  in  the  two  senses, 
oi  the  centre  of  vitality  and  the 
centre  of  feeling. 

Syn.  Healthy.  Robust.  Sound.  Cor- 
dial.    Warm.     Honest. 

Ant.  Unhealthy.  Delicate.  Inlii-m. 
'Jolil.     lusincere. 

Heat.  Sax.  hate.  Comp.  Hot. 
Used  metaphorically  of  excite- 
ment of  passion  or  feeling. 


Stw.  Warmth.  Ardour.  Fashion.  Ex- 
citement.   Fever.    Ebullition.     Intensity. 

AHT.  CooliK'SS.  Indifferenc?.  Subsi. 
dence.    Calmness.    Composure.    Reflection. 

Heathen,  Heathenish,  adj. 
Either  from  (6vr],  nations,  mean- 
ing the  unconverted  world,  or 
heide,  Germ,  hputh,  or  open 
country,  as  distinguished  from 
the  towns,  in  whicli  the  fii-st  con- 
versions took  place.  So  Pagans 
were  rustics,  inhabitants  of  pagi 
or  villages. 

Stn.  Unconverted.  Unchristian.  Pagan. 
Uncivilized.    Unbelieving. 

Ant.  Christian.  Believing.  Refined. 
Civilized.    Polished. 

Heave,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hefan.  Al- 
lied to  capere,  Lat.  to  take.  To 
raise,  as  a  weight,  upwards. 

Stn.  Lift.  Raise.  Uplift.  Upraise. 
Sublevate.    Hoist. 

Ant.  Dash.  Sink.  Lower.  Detruiie. 
Precipitate. 

Heavenly,  adj.  Belonging  to 
heaven,  which  is  of  the  same  de- 
rivation as  Heave,  meaning  the 
elevated  or  uplifted  jilace ;  after 
the  analogy  of  Loft  from  Lift. 
See  Celestial  and  Angelic. 

Heaviness,  n.    See  Heavy. 

Heavy,  wIJ.  See  Heave.  Hard 
to  heave.  Used  also  metapho- 
rically of  feelings  and  circum- 
stances. 

Stn.  Weighty.  Ponderous.  Inert.  Slow. 
Stupid.  Dull.  Impenetrable.  Stolid.  Cum- 
brous.   Grievous.    AfBiclive.     Oppressive. 

Ant.  Light.  Trifling.  Trivial.  Agile. 
Active.  Quick.  Brisk.  Joyous.  AUe- 
viative.  Consolatory.  Inspiriting.  Ani- 
mating.   Buoyant. 

Hebetude,  n.  Lat.  hehes,  etis, 
1)1  urd.  Moral  or  intellectual 
bluntness. 

Stn.  Dulnes.^  Heaviness.  Insensibility. 
Stupidity.        Numbness.        Insensateneaa 

Ant.  Brightness.  Animation.  Sensibility 
iCleveruess.    Acuteness. 


204 


Hector  J  ?•.  ird.  From  Hector, 
son  of  Priam,  whose  name  has 
met  with  unmerited  disparage- 
ment, and  stands  as  a  proverb 
for  a  bully. 

S™.  Bully.  Swagger.  Bluster.  Boast. 
Vaunt. 

Ant.  Cower.  Shrink.  Hide.  Sliulk. 
Al)scond. 

HectOE,  T).  See  verb. 

Heed,  v.  tr.  Sax.  ludan,  to 
heed. 

Syk.  Mind.    Regard.    Notice.    Attend. 
Ant.  Disregard.    Slight.    Ignore. 

Heed,  n.     See  verh. 
Heedful,  adj.    See  Heed. 

S\N.  Mindful.  Careful.  Cautious.  Con- 
siderate.    Waiy.    Circumspect. 

Ant.  Unmindful.  Careless.  Heedless. 
Ueckless.    Unheedful. 

Heedless,  adj.     See  Heedful. 
Height,  n.    Sax. 

Syn.  Altitude.  Elevation.  TaUness. 
Summit.    Exaltation.    Culmination. 

Ant.  Depth.  Lowness.  Depression. 
Littleness.    Base.    Abasement. 

Heighten,  v.  tr.     See  Height. 

Syn.  Exalt.  Increase.  Enhance.  In- 
tensify.   Colour.    Vivify.    Aggravate. 

Ant.  Lower.  Depress.  Diminish.  De- 
tericrate.  Abase.  Temper.  Tone  Ex- 
tenuate.   Modify.    Qualil}-. 

Heinous,  adj.  Fr.  hair,  to 
hde. 

Syn.  Hateful.  Flagrant.  Flagitious. 
Atrocious.  Odious.  Abominable.  Exe- 
ciable.    Detestable. 

Ant.  Excellent.  Laudable.  Meritorious. 
Praiseworthy.  Distinguished.  Justifiable. 
Excusable.    PnUiable. 

Hellish,  adj.  Sax.  Belong- 
inc-  to  hell.     See  Angelic. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 

Hem,  v.  tr.    Sax 


Help,  v.  tr. 

asfii.st. 

Sin.  Aid,    Succour, 
Avoid. 

Ant.    Oppose.      Obstruct. 


incur. 

Help,  «.    See  ^.trl. 
Helpless,  adj     Sa 
rorloru. 


ax.  hdpan,   to 

Remedy.   Prevent. 

Aggi'avate. 


Help  and 


Ste  Borler. 
Hem,  oi.     See  verb. 

Herald,??.  OldFr.  An  officer 
whose  business  it  was  to  proclaim 
war,  peace,  &c.     See  Harbinger. 
Old  Germ,  harert,  to  sJtvut. 
Herald,  v.  tr.    See  noun, 
Herculean,  adj.    Hercules. 

Syn.  »S'«e  Gigantic. 

Herd,  v.  int.  Sax.  See  Con- 
gregate. 

Hereditary,  adj.   Hares,  edis, 

an  Jieir. 

Sy:^,  Inherited.    Ancestral.    Lineal. 
Ant.  Conferred.    Acquired.     Won. 

Heresy,  n.  alpea-is,  choice.  A 
wrong  choice  in  religion. 

Syn.  .Schism.    Unorthodoxy. 
Ant.  Orthodoxy.    Catholicity. 

Schism,  or  pro]")erly  a  breach 
of  discipline  by  secession  or  dis- 
union, as  Heresy  is  error  in  doe- 
trine. 

Heritage,  n.    See  Hereditary. 

Syn.  Inheritance.  Knt^iilment.  Le-acy. 
Bequest. 

Ant.  Acquisition.  Blcrit.  \Vages 
Compensation. 

Hermetically,  adv.  Hei-mcs 
Trismegistus,  the  fabled  inven- 
tor of  alchemy  or  chemistry. 
Hermetically  sealed,  is  sealed  as 
tightly  as  chemistry  could  seal  it. 

Syn.  Air-tight.    Closely. 
Ant.  Loosely.    Misfittingly. 

Hero,??.  Gr.  "Hpco?.  Cham- 
pion of  the  present  or  the  heroic 
age.  A  character  of  daring,  or 
one  of  romantic  superiority.  See 
Champion. 

Heroic,  adj.     See  Hero. 

Syn.  Brave.  Undaunted.  Chivalronai 
Daring.    R<imantic. 

Ant.  Dastardly.  Cowaidly.  Cravoiily, 
IVltroouish. 

Hesitate,  v.  iid.  ra^itar^, 
2>ri2).  of  harerc,  to  btick. 


Si/nonifiiis  and  Antonyms. 


205 


Sin.  Hubitate.  Waver.  Scruple.  De- 
L--..ir.    Falter.    SUimnier. 

Ant.  Decide.  Dotormine.  Run.  Flow. 
Career 

Heterodox,  adj.  eTepos,  an- 
I  titer,  and  fio^a,  opinion.  Hold- 
ing a  wrong  belief. 

Stn.  Unsound.    Heretical. 
Akt.  Sound.    Orthodo.K. 

HeTEEOGENEOUS,  arlj.  erepos, 
other  or  strange,  and  yevos, 
genus  or  kind.  The  word  is  used 
of  strong  dissimilarity,  either  in 
one  object  to  another,  or  in  the 
l)arts  of  the  same  among  them- 
selves. 

Stn.  Strange.  Alien.  Dissimilar.  Dis- 
cordant. 

A^T.  Accordant  Congruous.  Homo- 
geneous.   Similar. 

Hew,  v.  tr.  Sax.  heaiuan.  To 
cut  broadly  or  roughly. 

Si-N.  Cut.    Hack.    Chop.    FalL 
AST.    Mould.     Model.     Form.     Carve. 
Sculpture.    Engrave.    Levigate.    Turn. 

Hibernal,  adj.  Iliems,  hibcr- 
nus.    Belonging  to  winter. 

SrK.  Wintry.    Arctic.    Brumal.  Glacial. 
Akt.   Summerly.     Zephyrous.     Balmy. 
Halcyonic. 

Hide.  Act.  and  neut.  Sax. 
hgdan.  ' 

SvN.  Conceal.  Secrete.  Mask.  Dis- 
semble. Store.  Protect.  Disguise.  Ensconce. 
Screen. 

A-NT.  Expose.  Discover.  Exhibit.  Mani- 
fest.    Betray.    Strip. 

Hideous,  (((//.  Old  Fr.  hide, 
fright. 

Sys.  Frightful.  Unsha:iely.  Monstrous. 
HoiTid. 

AxT.  Graceful.  Beautiful.  Captivating. 
Attractive. 

Hie,  v.  tr.  Sax.  higan.  To 
make  haste. 

Syn.  Fly.    Haste.    Speed. 

Am.  Falt«r,    Stop.    Stay.    Lag.    Stick. 

Higgle,  v.  int.  See  Haggle 
and  Hawk. 

High,  adj.  Sax.  heah,  Germ. 
hoch. 

8tk.  Elevated.  Lofty.  TalL  Emirent. 
E:iceUent.    Nobie     Haughty. 


Ant.  Depre.'sed.  Low.  Stunted.  Ig- 
noble.   Mean.     Base.    Affable. 

Highly,  adv.    See  High. 

Hilarity,  n.  Eilaritas,  h ila  r /.<, 
merry,  in  high  spirits.  See  De- 
spair. 

Hinder,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hind,hacn\ 
As  Prevent  is  to  stop  by  going 
before,  so  Hinder  is  to  stop  by 
pulling  from  behind. 

Srx.  Prevent.  Interrupt.  Obstni.r. 
Pvetard.    Debar.    Embarrass. 

Ant.  Accelerate.  Expedite.  Enable. 
Promote.     Facilitate. 

Hindrance,  n.    See  Hinder. 
Hjnge,  I'.  2«f.  OldEng.    Conn, 
with  Hang. 

Stn.  Move.  Turn.  Hang.  Depend. 
Work.    Rotate.    Circulate. 

Ant.  Halt    Crepitate.    Jar.    Grate 

Hint,  ??.  Hentan,  to  pursue 
or  seize,  with  the  impUed  pur- 
pose of  warning  or  suggesting. 
See  Cue. 

Hint,  v.    See  n.  and  Suggest. 

Hire,  v.  Sax.  hyrian.  To 
procure  by  compensation  for 
temporary  use. 

Stn.  Engage.  Commission.  Employ 
Rent. 

Ant.  Buy.    Purchase. 

Hirsute,  adj.  Hirsidus,  hirtds, 
shaggy. 

Stn.  Haiiy.  Shaggy.  Hispid.  Do\\ny. 
Bristly. 

Ant.  Smooth.    Glabrous.    Bald. 

HlSPlD,    udj.      Hispidus.     Sec 
Hirsute. 
Historic,  adj.    Historia,  hitr- 

tory,  Gr.  la-TOpeco,  J  inquire. 

Syn.  Genuine.  Authentic  A'uthe-jti- 
cated. 

Ant.  Prehistoric.  Fabulous.  Legen- 
dary.   Unhistoric. 

History,  n.    See  Historic  and 

Annals. 

Histrionic,  adj.    Ilistrio,  an 

actor. 

S\N.    Dramatic.    Pantomimic.    Thea^i< 

ctl 
1        .\^■T.  Uirlramatic.     Untheatri-Jl. 


20t3 


SijnonyuLS  and  Antonyms. 


Hit,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hettan,  to  jnir- 
sue  or  drive. 

SvN.  Strike.  Succeed.  Chance,  lloach. 
Hazard.    Mistake. 

Ant.  FaiL    Mischance.    Err.    Miss. 

HiTOH,  V.  int.  Scotch.  Means 
to  jerk  or  to  move  by  jerks. 

SvN.  Stick.  Stickle.  Bur.  Jam.  Catch. 
Hang. 

Ant.  Kun.  Glide.  Slide.  Rotate.    Flow. 

Hoard,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hordan. 
To  lay  up  in  store. 

Syn.  Treasure.    Accumulate.    Husband. 
jVnt.  Waste.    Squi'.nder.    Dissipate, 

Hoarse,  adj.    See  Harsh. 

ST.-N.  H.irsh.  Grating.    Raucous.   Husky. 
Act.  Mell'^uous.   Mellow.  Rich.  Sweet. 
Melodious. 

Hoary,  adj.    Sax.  har,  gray. 

Syn.  Whita.    Gray.    Silvery.    Frosty. 
Ant.  Dark.    Raven.    Jet. 

Hoax,  v.  tr.  Sax.  hues, 
modiertj,  or  possibly  a  form  of 
<icvx  in  liocua  pocus — 'Hoc  est 
.-orjiKs,'  in  derision  of  transub- 
stantiation,  but  not  probably. 

SvN.  BefooU  Gammon.  Bamboozle. 
Dupe.    Trick.     Trepan. 

Akt.  Guide.  Enlighten.  Undeceive, 
Infoira.    Direct.    Correct.    Regulate. 

Hobble,  v.  int.  Eop.  To 
■u'alk  with  a  hitch  or  hop.    To 

liopple. 

SvN.  Limp.    Falter. 

Ant.  Run.    Course.    Speed.    Leap. 

Hobby,  n.  Dan.  Iwppe,  a  mare. 
A  strong  cob;  a  child's  toy  in 
the  tignre  of  a  horse;  hence  a 
favourite  pursuit. 

Syn.  Pursuit.  AVTiim.  Amusement. 
Speciality.    Idiosyncrasy. 

AxT.  Nuisance.  Horror.  Aversion. 
Bugbear.    Scarecrow,     Incubus, 

HOYDKN,  n.  Heide,  a  heath.  A 
bmmcing  rustic. 

Stn.  Romp.    Tomboy. 
A3src.  Prude. 

Hold,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Sax. 
healdan. 

Stn.  Keep.  Grasp.  Retain.  Support. 
Restrain,  Defend.  Maintain.  Occupy. 
Possess.  Sustain.  Regard.  Consider.  Co- 
here.   Continue. 


Ant  Drop.  Aba-jdon,  SijTr(n.1«'r.  Kafl 
Release.  Desert.  Foregx  Vacate.  Con- 
cede.   Break,    Cease. 

Hollow,  adj.  Used  mcta- 
pliorically.  Sax.  hoi.  Comp, 
Hole. 

Stn.  Empty.  Concave.  Foolish.  Weak. 
Faithless.  Insincere.  Artificial.  Unsub- 
stantial.   Flimsy.    Transparent.    Senseless. 

Ant.  Full.  Solid.  Well-stored.  Strong. 
Firm.  Sincere.  True.  Genuine.  Sub- 
stantial.   Sound. 

Holy,  adj.    Sax.  halig. 

Stn.  Sacred.  Reverend.  Pure.  Conse- 
crated.    Religious. 

Ant.  Profane.  Evil.  Impure.  Un- 
holy. 

Homage,  n.  Homagium,  homo, 
a  man.  An  acknowledgment 
made  to  the  liege  lord  by  the 
man  or  vassal. 

Stn.  Fealty.  Allegiance.  Submission. 
Worship.    Deference.    Affiance. 

Ant.  Treason.  Rebellion.  Disaffection. 
Insubordination.    Defiance. 

Home,  n.  Sax.  ham,  Germ. 
heim.  A  settled  abode.  See 
Abode. 

Homogeneous,  adj.  6fi6s,  the 
like,SiTidyevos,  kind.  See  Hetero- 
geneous. 

Honesty.  Uonestus  was  in 
Latin  high-born,  and  the  word 
has  come  to  mean  Probity,  by 
the  general  tendency  of  language 
in  past  times  to  make  all  good 
quaUties  aristocratic,  aud  mean 
quaUties  plebeian.  The  classic 
sense  of  honcstus  was  not  honest, 
but  honourable. 

Stn.  Integrity.  Probity.  Uprightness. 
Straightforwardness.  Fairness.  Sincerity. 
Honour. 

Ant.  Dishonesty.  Chicanery.  Trickery. 
Insincerity.  Deception.  Fraud.  Unfair- 
ness.   Guile. 

Honour,  n.  Lai  honor.  Ob- 
jectively the  deference  paid  by 
others.  Subjectively  the  sense 
of  the  honourable. 

Stn.  Respect.  Reverence.  Nobility 
Dignity.  Eminence.  Reputation.  Fume 
High-mindedness.    Spirit.    Self-respect 


Sijnonyins  and  Antonyms. 


1>0V 


Ant.  Disrespect.  Contempt.  Irre- 
vctpnce.  Slight.  Obscurity.  Degradation. 
Disgrace.  Abasement.  Demoralization. 
Oowardico.    Dishonour.    Infamy. 

HoNOEART,  adj.  Honorarium, 
a  fee.  An  oflSce  held  unofficially, 
as  distinct  from  such  as  have 
attached  to  them  a  specific  au- 
thority and  specific  claims. 

Srx.  Gratuitous.  Unofficial.  Unre- 
munerative.    Nominal.    Titular. 

AxT.  Official.  Remunerative.  Profes- 
sional.   Jurisdictional. 

Hoot,  v.  int.  To  cry  as  an 
owl,  with  a  cry  of  contempt,  fol- 
lowed by  the  j^rejh  at. 

Sts.  Hiss.  E.\ecrate.  Denounce.  Sibi- 
late.   Decry. 

Ant.  Cheer.  Honour.  Acclaim.  Eulo- 
gize.   Salute.    Welcome. 

Hope,  n.  Sax.  hopa,  hope. 
Desire  and  expectation  com- 
bined. 

Stn.  Anticipation.  Prospect  Vision. 
Longing.    Confidence.     Desire. 

Ant.  Despair.  Despondency.  Distrust. 
Disbelief.    Abandonment.     Abjuration. 

Hopeful,  adj.  See  Hope. 
Said  subjectively  of  the  disposi- 
tion or  mind,  and  objectively  of 
the  event  or  circumstance. 

Stn.  Eager.  Ardent.  Longing.  Confi- 
dent.    Promising.     Propitious.    Auspicious. 

Ant.  Indifferent.  Distrustful.  Unpro- 
mising. Unpropitious.  Improbable.  Hope- 
ess.  Desperate.  Irreparable.  lU-omeued. 
Discouraging.    Inauspicious. 

Hopeless,  adj.    See  Hopeful. 

Horizon,  opi'^mi/,  jJcrt.  bound- 
ing, kvkXos,  a  circle,  being  un- 
derstood. Used  metaphori- 
cally. 

Stn.  Limit.  Periphery.  Grcle.  Boun- 
dary. 

Amt.  Space.    Boundlessness.   Infinitude. 

HoRBlBLK,  adj.  Ilorrtbilis, 
horrere,  to  shudder. 

Sts.  Abominable.  Detestable.  Dread- 
ful. Fearful.  Hideous.  Ghastly.  Terrific. 
Hateful. 

AKT.  Lovely.  Desirable.  Enjoyable. 
Attractive.  Beautiful.  Fair.  Pleasant. 
Auii.ible 


Horrid,  adj,  Horrid  us,  St9 
Horrible. 

Horror,  n.  Horrere,  to  groj'< 
stiff  tvith  dread.  It  has  come  to 
be  used  of  strong  dislike. 

Stn.  Fear.  Dread,  shrinking.  Loath- 
ing.   Detestation. 

Ant.  Love.  Attraction.  Allurement. 
Enticement. 

Hospitable,  adj.  Hospes,  a 
guest. 

Stn.  Sociable.  Neighbourly.  Chari- 
table. 

Ant.  Unsociable.  Exclusive.  Retired. 
Unneighbourly.    Churlish.    Recluse. 

Host,  n.  Host  is,  an  enemy.  As 
it  were,  an  army  of  the  enemy. 
A  multitude. 

Stn.  Multitude.  Number.  Assemblage 
Army. 

Ant.  Handful.  Sprinkling.  Knot. 
Group.    Corps.    Section. 

Hostage,  ?;.  Said  to  be,  not 
hostagium,  from  hostts,  as  given 
to  the  enemy  in  pledge,  but 
from  obses,  idis,  Lat.  a  hostage. 

Stn.  Sponsor.    Bail.    Surety. 

Ant.  Dictator.    Conqueror. 

Hostility,  n.  Host  is,  an 
enemy.     See  Animosity. 

Hound,  v.  tr.  Sax.  and  Germ. 
hund,  Gr.  Kvav,  Lat.  canis.  Used 
analogously. 

Stn.  Pursue.    Hunt.    Prosecute. 
Ant.      Liberate.      Discard.      Abandon. 
Spare. 

House,  n.  and  v.  Germ,  haits. 
See  Abode  and  Store. 

Hubbub,  n.  Comp.  Whoop. 
A  confused  sound  of  voices.  See 
Babel. 

Huddle,  act.  and  neut.  Germ. 
hudeln.  To  do  a  thing  hurriedly, 
and  so  bimglingly;  expresses 
also  the  idea  of  joint  movement 
in  confusion. 

Stn.  Mix.    Confuse.    Derange,    Heap. 
Ant.  Assort.    Arrange.    Adjust.    Clas- 
sify. 

Huge,  adj.  Conn,  with  High, 
thi'ough  the  Germ.  hoch. 


Synomjms  and  A)ttonjjms. 


208 


Sts   Enormous.    IMonstroiis.    Colossal. 

Axi.  Petty.    Unlersized.  Puny.  Pigmy. 

Human,  adj.  Uomn,  humanus. 
Belonging  to  man  iu  nature  and 
sympathy. 

Stx.  Ethnical.  Cosmical.  Anlhropo- 
.ogical.    Rational.    Civilized. 

AST.  Inbunian.    Beastly,    irrational. 

Humane,  adj.  See  Htiman. 
More  distinctly  expressive  of 
what  ought  to  be  regarded  as 
hnman  in  sentiment  and  cha- 
racter. 

Syn."  Benign.     Kind.    Tender.     Merci- 

Ant.  Uiiliind.  Crael.  Umnorciful.  In- 
human. 


Humanity,  ».  Like  Human, 
expresses  the  existence  of  the 
human  race,  and  what  ought  to 
be  its  moral  characteristic. 

Stn.  Man.  Mankind.  Kindness.  Ten- 
derness.    Compassion. 

Ant.  Unkindness.  Cruelty.  Inhumanity. 
Bestiality.    Irrationality.    Barbarity. 

Humanize,  v.  it:  See  Hu- 
Kifiiity.  ^  ,.  ^, 

Syx.  Civilize.  Ameliorate.  Enlighten. 
Christianize.    Refine. 

Ant.  Barbarize.  Degrade.  Debase.  De- 
press.   Brutalize. 

Humble,  adj.  Lat.  Immilis. 
Low  in  station;  or,  morally,  in 
self-estimation.  ^,  , 

Stn.  Low.  Lowly.  Obscure.  Meek. 
Modest.    Unassuming.    Unpretending. 

Ant.  High.  Lofty.  Eminent.  Proud. 
Boastful.  Arrogant.  Assuming.  Preten- 
tious. 

Humid,  adf.    Lat.  himidm. 

Syx.  Moist.  Wet.  Vaporous.  Spongy. 
^"ant.  Dry.  Arid.   Moistureless.   Parched. 

Humiliate,  v.  tr.  See  Humble 
and  Elevate. 

Humility,  n.     Sec  Humble. 

Humour,  n.  Lat.  hmnor,  from 
hnmere,  to  he  moist.  Of  old,  the 
proportion  of  humours  which 
entered  into  the  constitution 
■were  lielievea  to  make  the  dis- 
position    It  now  stands  for  the 


disposition  of  the  moment,  axri 
for  that  which  is  especially  mo- 
mentary—the exhibition  of  the 
ludicrous  or  jocose. 

Stn.  Disposition.  Temper.  :Mi«d. 
Caprice.    Jocoseness.    Pleasantry 

Ant.  Nature.  I'ersonality.  Jlind.  \N  ill. 
Purpose.    Seriousness. 

HuMOURSOME,  adj.  See  Hu- 
mour and  Fanciful. 

Hunt,  i'.  tr.  Sax.  hc^ifaj,,  pur- 
sue.    See  Hound. 

Hurl,  v.  tr.  Old  Eng.  -See 
Dart. 

Hurry,  act.  and  neut.  Germ 
hurrcn,  to  haste.  See  Speed  and 
Accelerate. 

Hurt,  v.  Sax.  hyrt,  hurt  or 
wounde'l. 

Stn.  Wound.  Bruise.  Harm.  Injure. 
Damage.  ,       _, 

Ant.  Heal.  Soothe.  Console.  Repair 
Reinstate.    Compensate.    Benefit. 

Husband,  v.  tr.  Formed  from 
the  nvu7i,  and  used  in  the  sense 
of  economize.     >See  Economize. 

Hush,  v.  tr.  Formed  from 
the  sound.     See  Silence. 

Husky,  adj.  Husk.  Germ. 
hdsche,  Sax.  helan,  to  cover.  A 
husk.  Used  of  the  voice,  as  li 
the  throat  were  dry  as  a  husk 
See  Hoarse. 

hutseVf 


Hustle,  v.  tr.    Dan. 
to  shake.     See  Jostle. 
Hybrid,  «.    Lat.  hyhrida. 

Stn.  Mixed.    Impure.    Mongrel.    Mule. 
Ant.  Pure.    Unmixed.    Thoroughbreu. 

Hypocrisy,  n.  See  Hypociito. 

Hypocrite,  n.  v7roK,"n-7> 
the  Greek  masked  actor.  Used 
for  one  who  masks  his  real  iia- 
tTire  or  motive  under  a  contrai-y 
demeanour. 

SvN.  Feigner.  I^etender.  Di8femb«a 
Impostor. 


Syiioni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


209 


The  hypocrite  feigns  to  be 
■K-hiit  he  is  not.  the  dissembler  to 
be  not  what  he  is. 

Ant.  S;unt.  Believer.  Christian.  Sim- 
pleton.   Dupe.    Bigot.    Fanatic 

HypoCEiTiCAL,  adj.  Slc  Hy- 
pocrite. 

Syn.  Pharisaical.  Sanctimonious.  Smug. 
Smooth.     Mealy.     Unctuous.     Mincing 

Ant.  Plain -spoljen.  Candid.  J'lutliful. 
Sincere.    Genuine.    Transparent. 

I. 

Idea,  n.  Gr.  Was  of  old  a 
term  of  the  Platonic  philosophy. 
In  motlern  parlance  we  mean  by 
an  idea,  a  mental  image  of  an 
object  of  the  senses,  as  a  notion 
is  the  impression  of  a  quahty. 
So  the  '  Idea  of  a  Man,'  the  '  No- 
tion of  Humanity.'  Tliis  is  not 
.strictly  adhered  to. 

Sru.  Image.  Notion.  Conception.  Be- 
lief. Doctrine.  Suppoiitiou.  Understand- 
ing.   Fiction.    Fancy. 

Akt.  Olject.  Form.  Subject.  Thing. 
Te.ility. 

Ideal,  adj.  Sm  Idea.  Used 
also  as  a  norm  with  the  definite 
article  prefixed  —  'the  ideal' — 
and  in  the  two  senses  of  creation 
and  fiction  of  the  mind. 

Stn.  Mental.  Notional.  Conceptional. 
Intellectual.  Creative  Spiritual.  Poetical. 
•Suppositious.  Fictitious.  Unreal.  Ima- 
ginary.   Chimerical. 

Ant.  Physical.  Visible.  Material.  Tan- 
gible. HistoricaL  ReaL  Actual.  Palpa- 
ble.   SubstantiaL 

Ideality,  n.  See  Ideal.  The 
faculty  of  forming  ideal  concep- 
tion, especially  of  the  beautiful. 

Stn.  Fancy.    Creativeness.    Genius. 
Ant.  Imitation.     Uninventiveness.    Un- 
Imaginativeness.    Copyism. 

Identify,  v.  tr.  Idem,  the 
S'lme,  and /acere,  to  mahe.  Means 
both  to  make  into  one  and  the 
same,  and  also  to  recognize  as 
iKjiug  one  and  the  same. 

St*".  Unite.  Integrate.  Uecognize.  '  ''e- 
rtiy,    iBcorporaie. 


Ant.  Divide.  Disunite.  Confound.  Om 
fuse.    Overlook.    Mistake. 

Identity,  n.    See  Identify. 

Syn.  Oneness.  Unity.  Sameness.  1  er- 
sonalily.    IndividuaUty.    Convertibllit.v. 

Ant.  Difference.  Distinctness.  Stpa- 
ratenoss.    Plurality .    Contrariety. 

Idiocy,  n.  Gr.  tStwrrjc,  a  per- 
son  in   private  life  uneducated   to 


ji  p 
bear  office  in  the  state  or  academi 
Hence  mental  deficiency. 

Stn.  Imbecility.  Aberration.  Insanity. 
Fatnitv. 

Ant.  Sanity.  Sagacity.  Intelligence. 
Sense.    Judgment. 

Idiom.  I'Sioy,  'priuate  or  pecu- 
liar;  ISicofia,  a  2)ecidiurity.  A 
term  of  expression  peculiar  to  a 
language. 

Sm  Specialty.  Peculiarity.  Charac- 
teristic.   Phrase.    Turn. 

Ast.  Solecism.    Barbarism. 

IdIOSYNCRACY,    n.       '1810s     a-vu 

Kpaa-is.  The  peculiar  commix- 
ture or  composition  which  makes 
up  the  taste  and  temper  of  a  per- 
son, or  anything  peculiarly  illus- 
trative of  it. 

Syn.  Peculiarity.  Constitution.  Tempe- 
rament. Specialty.  Characteristic.  Indi- 
viduality.   Singularity.    Eccentricity. 

Akt.  Community.  Universality.  Gene- 
rality. 

Idiot,  «.     See  Idiocy. 

Syx.  Imbecile.    Fool. 

Ant.  Luminary.    Sage.    Authority. 

Idle,  adj.  Sax.  idel,  vain, 
enrjity. 

Syn.  Void.   Unoccupied.   Waste.    Vain. 

Empty.    Unemployed 

Ant.  Tilled.  Occupied.  Populated.  Filled. 
Employed.    Assiduous.     Industrious. 

Idolize,  v.  tr.  etSoAov,  an 
id'l  or  image  made  to  he  wor^ 
shi/iped. 

Syx.  Worship.    Venerate.    Adore. 

Ant.  Loathe.    Execrate.    Abominate. 

Ignite,  v.  tr.  Ignis, /ire.  See 
Kindle. 

Ignoble,  acZ/.  In,  not,  and  no- 
bilis,  noble.  Used  of  social  and 
nxirarcharacter  or  condition. 


210 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


tr. 


Illustrate, 
hrhM. 

Stn.   Elucidate.     Interpret.    Exenij(ll!>. 


Stx.  Moan.  Base.  Dishonourable.  Hutn- 
Ke.     Plebeian.     I.owly. 

Ant.  Hcnonrable  Noble.  Eminent  Ex- 
alted. Lordly.  Grand.   Notable.  Illustrious. 

^  ^  -  I  Demonstrate.     Explain.     Embody, 

Ignominy,  n.  In,  riot,  and  no-  \  sent.   Paint,  image 
meii,a)i<nne.     A  deprivation  of  a  ' 
good  name. 

Stn.  Disgrace.  Reprobation.  Shame. 
Reproach.     C^intempt.    Dishonour.  Infamy. 

Ant.  Credit.  Reputation.  Honour. 
Glory.    Distinction.    Lustre.    Renown. 


JUdftn's, 


Ignoramus,  n.    Lat.  we  are  uj- 
norant. 

Srs.  Dunce.     Dullard. 
Ant.  Savant.    Luminary. 

Ignorance,  n.     In,  not,  and 
noscere,  to  know.     See  Knowledge. 

Ignore,  v.  tr.     See  Ignorance. 

Sys.  Disown.     Repudiate.    Overlook. 
Ant.  Own.    Notice.    Mark.    Visit    Re- 
cognize. 

Illegal,  adj.     See  Legal, 
Illegible,  adj.    See  Legible. 
Illegitimate,  adj.    See  Legal. 
Illiberal,  adj.    See  Liberal. 
Illicit,  adj.    See  Licit. 

Illiterate,   adj.      See  Lite- 
rary. 
Illogical,  adj.    See  Logical. 
Illuminate,  v.^r.    In  and  b'-,     ^     r.    .■     r,       .•      t^  ,  r,    ■ 

7-   ii     TT      1     u      -11  1  Stn.  Creative.  Conceptive.   Ideal.  Poeti - 

mew,  a /j^A;;.   Used  physically  and    cal.    Romamic.    original,    inventive. 


Ant.  Obscure.  iMisinterpret.  Mystify. 
Coufuse.    Misrepresent.    Darken, 

iLLUSTRATrvE.    See  Ulnstrate. 
Illustrious,  adj.     See  Illus- 
trate. 

Stn.  Renowned.  Glorious.  Brilliant 
Deathless. 

Ant.  Ismominious.  Disgraceful.  Disre- 
putable.   Inglorious.    Infamous. 

Image,  n.  Imaf/o,  an  imag"  or 
reprefferdntion.  A  similitude  of 
any  kind,  as  in  language  of  an 
illustrative  character. 

Stn.  Statue.  Likeness.  Representation. 
Effigy.  Copy.  Metaphor.  Idea.  Concep- 
tion.    Fiction.    Shadow. 

Ant  Person.  Original.  Substance.  Sub- 
ject.   Object.    Reality.    Truth.     Verity. 

Imagery,  «.     ^e  Image. 

Stn.  Poetry.  Fancy.  Illustration.  Me- 
taphor.   Similitude. 

Ant.  Prose.    Statement.    Fact. 

Imaginary,  adj. 
and  Illusive. 

Imaginative,  adj.  ,^^  Image. 
Having  the  power  of  exciting  the 
imagination,  or  having  a  quick 
imagination. 


See  Image 


mentally. 

Stn.  Lighten.     Enlighten.     Emblazon. 
Irradiate. 

Ant.  Darken.    Obscure.    Bedim. 


Ant.  Unimaginative.  Unpoetieal.  Ul- 
romantic.  Prosaic.  Matter-of-fact.  Lite- 
ral.   Uninventive. 


'     Imagine,  v.  tr.    See  Image. 

Illusion,  n.     JUudere,  to  mock.  '  ,    Stn   Conceive.    Suppose.    Surmise.    Un- 

Ai  .  1      •    •  derstand.     rancv.     Fabricate, 

mockmg  or  unreal  vision.  •        ant.  Represent.    Exhibit    Demonstrate. 

Stn.  Dream.    Mockery.   Deception.    De-  |  Prove.    Substantiate.    Verity.    Depict. 


Vision. 


Phan- 


lusion.      Hallucination, 
tasm. 

Illusion  is  used  of  the  senses. 
Delusion  of  the  mind. 

Ant.  Form.  Reality.  Body.  Sub- 
stance. 

Illusivs,  adj.    See  Illusion. 

Stn.  Deceptive.  Visionary.  Unreal. 
Dlaappointing.  Fugitive.  Erroneous.  False. 
Imaginary. 

Ant.  Substantial.  Satisfactory.  Real 
Triie.    Solid. 


Imbecile,  adj.    Lat.  tmbeciUis. 
Weak.  Jn,  on,  and  baculvs,  a  slaif. 
Stn.  Foolish.    Fatuous.    Idiotic. 
Ant.  Shrewd.    Sagacious.    Clever. 

Imbibe,  v.  tr.  As  to  imbil>e 
opinions.  Jn  and  hibere,  to  drink, 
Used  metaphorically. 

Sin.  Acquire.  Leani.  Assimilate.  Ab 
sorb. 

Ant.  Discard.  Reject  Renounce.  Dis- 
vow      \biure.    Repui=«fe. 


b'l/nonyms  and  Anfouijnis. 


21) 


Imbrtje,  v.  tr.  In  and  Old 
Eng.  briie,  allied  to  brew. 

Stn.  AVet.    Moisten.    Soak.    Drench. 
Ant.  Wring.    ]^ry.    Wipe.    Drain. 

Imbuk,  V.  tr.  Jmbuere.  Conn, 
■with  Inhere,  tn  dri/J:,  to  sUtiu. 
Used  metaphorically  for  to  affect. 

St!J.  Tinge,  Dye.  Stain.  Impregnate. 
Inoculate.     Ingrain.     Affect.    Infect. 

Ant.  Disimbue.  Disinoculate.  Disabuse. 
Cleanse.    Clear.     Disinfect.    Purge. 

Imitate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  imitari, 
to  imitate. 

Stn.  Represent.  Copy.  Follow.  Ke- 
setnble.     Portray.    Depict.    Repeat. 

Ant.  Misrepresent.  Caricature.  Alter. 
Vary.  Dissimilate.  Differentiate.  Modify. 
Remodel.    Distort. 

Imitation,  ».    See  Imitate. 
Imitative,  adj.    See  Imitate. 

Stn.   Mimicking.    Caricaturing.     Copy- 
ing.    Unoriginal.    Servile.    Apish. 
Ant.  Original.    Creative.    Inventive. 

Immaculate,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
macula,  a  spot  or  stain.  Used  of 
character. 

Stn.  Pure.  Sinless.  Spotless.  Stain- 
less.    Virgin.    Unpolluted.     Undetiled. 

Ant.  Impure.  Corrupt.  Sinful.  Con- 
taminated. Defiled.  Tainted.  Polluted. 
Spotted. 

Immanent,  adj.     Immanere,  to 

remain  in. 

Stn.  Inherent.  Innate.  Subjective.  In- 
dwelling. Internal.  Intrinsic.  Congenital. 
Ingrained.    Implicit.     Natural. 

AKT.  Emanent.  Transitive.  Projective. 
Developed.  Exsilient.  Pbenomenal.  Ex- 
plicit.   Accidental.    Ascitltious. 

Immantty,  n.  Immunis,  sa- 
vage. 

Stn.  Cruelty.  Atrocity,  Savagery.  Fe- 
rocity.   Truculence. 

Ant.  Mildness.  Gentleness.  Docility. 
Mansuetude,    Tenderness. 

Immaterial,  adj.  In  and 
materies,  matter.  Has  the  two- 
fold sense  of  non-material  and 
unimportant, 

Stn.  Spiritual.  Incorporeal.  Unimpor- 
tant.   Insignificant.    Trivia!.    Trifling. 

Ant.  Material.  Physical.  Corpwoal. 
essential.    Important. 


Immature,  adj.  Ir,  not,  and 
liifdurus,  ripe. 

Sin.  Unripe.  Green.  Crude.  Unfi- 
nished.   Undeveloped. 

Ant.  Ripe.  Complete,  Finished.  Ma- 
ture.   Developed. 

Immeasurable,  o.dj.  In,  not, 
and  mensura,  a  measure. 

Stn.  Vast.  Boundless.  Illimitable.  Im- 
mense.   Unfathomable.    Infinite. 

Ast.  Finite.  Bounded.  Limited.  Cir- 
cumscribed.   Shallow.    Restricted. 

Immediate,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
medius,  middle.  Not  sepai'ated 
by  anything  else  between. 

SvN.  Proximate.  Contiguous.  Presmt. 
Direct. 

Ant.  Distant.  Remote.  B'uture.  ile- 
diate. 

Immemorial,  adj.  In,  w^t,  and 
memoria,  memory.  That  which 
is  so  ancient  as  to  pass  beyond 
human  memory  or  tradition. 

Stn.  Primitive.  Ancient.  Archaic.  I're- 
mordial.    Time-honoured.    Remote. 

Ant.  Recent.  Modern.  Late.  Upptan. 
Fresh. 

Immense,  adj.  Immensvs.  In, 
and  metiri,  to  measure.  See  Im- 
measurable. 

Immerse,  v.  In,  and  mergn-e, 
mersus. 

Syn.  Dip.  Plunge.  Sink.  Soak.  Stfep. 
Macerate.  Duck.  Submerga  Diowa  In- 
undate. 

Ant.  Dry.  Drain.  Parch.  Air.  Von. 
tilate. 

Immersion,  v.    See  lmmcr.se. 

Immethodical,  adj.  Sec  Me- 
thodical. 

Immigration,  n.  In,  and  mi- 
grare,  to  migrate. 

Syn.  Migration.  Colonization.  Settle- 
ment. 

Ast.  Emigration.    Exodus. 

Imminent,  adj.  Imminere,  to 
hang  over.  Hanging  over  one's 
head  as  if  ready  to  fall. 

Syn.  Impending.  Threatening.  Ilovor" 
log. 

Ant.  Warded.    Staved.    E.'cai!««. 

Immiscibility,  n.  S'eeMi.scil  lo, 
p  2 


212 


Immission,  n 
to  send. 

Svs.    Introduction.      Injection. 


Synonyms  and  Antomjms 
//i,ancl  mittere, 


Inser- 


AsT.  IJjection.    Emission.    Discharge. 

Immitigable,  uJj.  tSee  Miti- 
gate. 

Immobility,  n.    See  Mobile. 

Immoderate,  adj.  See  Mode- 
rate. 


Impair,  v.  tr.  Said  to  be  fro-Ti 
impejorare.  Pejus,  worse.  To 
make  worse. 

Stk.  Deteriorate.  Iijure.  Iiamage.  lie- 
duce.    hjiiieeble. 

Ant.  Kiihance.  Improve.  Augment 
Repair. 

Impalpable,  adj.     See    Pal- 
pable. 
Imparity,  n.    In,  not,  and  par, 


Immodest,  adj    See  Modesty.  |  ^?"«^-    '""'^^  ^^^rity. 

Impart,  I',  tr.    I7i,  a.nd partiri, 
fo  allot,  pars,  a  lot.     See  Give. 

Impartial,  adj.    See  Partial. 


Immolate,  v.  tr.  Mala,  a  salt 
»ake  or  grains  placed  on  the  vic- 
tim. Hence  to  offer  in  sacrifice. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Sn.'.  Sacrifice.    Victimize. 
Ant.    Spoil.    Humour.    Indulge.     Feed. 
Pamper. 

Immoral,  adj.    See  Moral. 

Immortal,  adj.    See  Mortal. 

Immoveable,  adj.  See  Move- 
able. 

Immundicitt,  ri.  ,SVc  Mundi- 
city. 

Immunity,  ».  Immunis.  In, 
not,  and  'inunus,  a  p)ii,blic  service. 
Exemption  from  service.  Hence, 
exemption  from  Liability  gene- 
rally. 

Srx.  Exemption.  Dispensation.  Free- 
dom. 

Ant.  Liability.  Obligation.  Jurisdic- 
tion.   Impost.    Burden.    Amenability. 

Immuke,  V.  tr.  In,  and  murus, 
a  wall.    See  Incarcerate. 

Immutable,  adj.  See  Mu- 
table. 

Imp,  71.  Swed.  Ymp,  a  bud  or 
{/raft.  Hence  progeny,  then  mis- 
chievous child. 

Srs.    Brat    Scamp.    DeviL    Demon. 
Ant.  Cherub.    Angel. 

Impact,  n,  Impingere,  pac- 
tum, to  strike  against. 

Sru.  Contact  Application.  Impres- 
•loii.    Collision. 

\NT.    Isolation.    Separation. 


I     Impassable,  adj.     See  Pass- 
able. 

Impassible,  adj.  See  Impas- 
sioned. 

Sts.  Immaterial.    Immortal. 
[        Ant.  Passible.    Mortal. 

Impassioned,  adj.  In,  and 
[  patior,  2^assns,  to  suffer  or  be 
I  affected. 

Srv.  Excited.    Fervid. 

Ant.  Unimpassioned.  Cool.  Impas- 
sive. 

Impassive,  adj.  See  Impas- 
sioned. 

Impatient,  adj.    See  Patient. 

Impawn,  i-.  tr.    See  Pawn. 

Impeach,  v.  tr.  Impingere,  fo 
thrust  or  drive  against.  So  to 
stop  or  pnll  np  for  a  charge  or 
offence. 

Syn.  Accuse.  Ajraign.  Criminate.  In- 
diet. 

Ant.  Acquit  Absolve.  Vindicate. 
Aiv 

Impeccability,  n.  See  Pecca- 
bility. 

Impede,  t'. /r.  In,  and  pes,  pe- 
dis, afoot.  To  throw  something 
in  the  way  of  the  feet  of  the 
walker.    See  Accelerate. 

Impel,    v.    tr.      ImpeUere,   ic 


AvoiJance.    Non-contact.    Interval.    Sb*v>.'  1  drive JW ward.      See  Urge. 


Si/ncwjms  and  Anioninns. 


213 


jMrEJJD,  V.  int.     In,  on,  or  ouer, 
a!5d  pendere,  to  hang. 
Stn.  Hove'      Threaten. 
Ant.  Pass.    Spare. 

Impenetrable,  adj.  See  Pe- 
netrable. 

Impenitent,  adj.  Impeni- 
tence, n.    >ee  Penitent. 

Imperative,  adj.  IrniKvare,  to 
command. 

Stn.  Urgent.  Irresistible.  Dictatorial. 
Inexorable.     Peremptorily.    Compulsory. 

Ant.  Indulgent.  Lenient.  Mild.  Kn- 
treative.  Supplicatory.  Optional.  Discre- 
tional. 

Imperceptible,  adj.  See  Per- 
ceptible. 

Impercipient,  adj.  See  Per- 
cipient. 

Imperfect,  adj.    See  Perfect. 

Imperforate,  adj.  See  Per- 
forate. 

Imperial,  «(/;'.  Iviperium,  cm- 
pi7'e. 

Stn.  M.ajestic.  Royal.  Supreme.  Mag- 
nificent.   Superb. 

Akt.  Ignoble.  Servile.  Slavish.  Mean. 
Paltry.    Beggarly. 

Imperil,  v.  tr.    In,  and  ^'^''i- 
ciilum,  danger.     See  Endanger. 
Imperious,  adj.    See  Imperial. 

Stn.  Arrogant.  iC-Kacting.  Dictatorial. 
Authoritative. 

Ant.  Yielding.  Submissive.  Compliant. 
Docile.     Ductile.     Lenient.    Gentle.    Mild. 

Imperishable,  adj.  See  Pe- 
rishable. 

Impermanence,  n.  See  Per- 
manence. 

Impermeable,  adj.  See  Per- 
meable. 

Impersonal,  adj.  See  Per- 
sonal. 

Impersonate,  v.  tr.  In,  and 
persona,  a  ma^k  (from  per  and  -^o- 
vare,  to  aound,  through  which  the 
voice  sounded)  or  snistniiicd  ,■}„,- 
racter.    Used  for  the  legitiniiite 


sustainmcnt  of  character,  as  on 
the  stage,  and  also  for  the  fi-au- 
dulent  passing  of  one's  self  ofl 
for  another  iierson. 

Stn.  Act.     Kiinct.     Represent. 
Ant.  Det'Tt.    Unmask.    Expose. 

Impertinent,  adj.  See  Perti- 
nent. 

Imperturbable,  adj.  See  Per- 
turb and  Stoical. 

Impervious,  adj.  See  Per- 
vious. 

Impetrate,  v.  tr.  Impetrura^ 
to  entn-dt. 

Stn.  Kntivat.  Implore.  Absecrate.  I'ray. 
Imprecate. 

Akt.  Demand.  Command.  Claim.  h> 
sist.  iJepricate.  Dehort.  Dissuade.  Kx- 
postulate.    Itemonstrate. 

Impetuous,  adj.  Impetus,  haste, 
speed.    See  Hasty. 

Impiety,  n.     See  Piety. 

Impignorate, V.  tr.    /See Pawn. 

Impinge,  v.  int.  Impingrrc.  tr. 
strike  iqjon.     See  Impact. 

Implacable,  adj.  S-e  Placa- 
ble. 

Implant,  v.  tr.  In,  and  plan 
tare.  Planta,  the  sole.  Hence  to 
plant  one's  steps.  The  plant  was 
the  slip  footed  or  planted  in  the 
soil.     See  Plant. 

Implement,  n.  Irnjilementnnt, 
a  Jdling  up,  implere,  to  Jill.  Com  p. 
Complement. 

Stn.  Instrument.  Utensil.  Tool.  Ap 
pliance. 

Ant.  Labour.  Work.  Science.  Art 
Manufacture.    Agriculture. 

Impletion,  «.  /S'ee  Implement 
A  tilling. 

Stn.  Fillinpc.    Sixtisfaction. 
Akt.    Failure.     Exhaustion, 
tion.     Disappointment, 

Implicate,  v.  tr.  In,  and  /■//- 
carr,  to /old.  To  fold  into  a  diffi- 
culty or  charge  by  argum^itit  oi 
example. 


Supply. 

I.       I)ei.:;\: 


214 


Syh.  CoiJiect  Ass 
wiuute. 

^Vkt.  ~L>connect. 
Mxtricati 


Synonyms  ana  Antonyms 

;ut3.    Charge.    Cri- 
Dissociate.    Acquit 

Ste  Impli- 


Impucation,  n. 

cate. 

iMPiaciT,  ac?y.  In,  and  plicdre, 
to  folJ.  Folded  up  inside  but 
not  brought  to  light.  Also  used 
in  the  sense  of  intimate,  close,  as 
'implicit  trust.' 

SrN.  Implied.    Involved.    Indicated. 
AxT.  IJipressed.    Explicit.    Developed. 

Implied,  part.    See  Implicit. 

Imploke,  v.  tr.  In,  and  plo- 
rare,  to  iveep.  To  beseech  ear- 
nestly, and,  as  it  were,  with  tears, 
(b'ee  Entreat. 

IfilPLT,  V.  tr.  In,  and  plicare, 
to  fold.  To  signify  in  a  sugges- 
tive -way,  not  expressly. 

Sis.  Involve.  Mean.  Indicate.  Sug- 
gest.   Hint. 

AsT.  Kxpress.  Declare.  State.  Pro- 
nounce. 

Impolite,  adj.    See  Pohte. 

Impolitic,  adj.    See  PoUtic. 

Impoinderablb,  adj.  See  Pon- 
•derable. 

Impoxdekous,  adj.  See  Pon- 
derous. 

Imporous,  adj.    See  Porous. 

LklPORT,  V.  tr.  Importare,  to 
■earn/  ijdo. 

Syx.  Introduce.    Bi-lng. 

Ant.  Export.    Banish. 

Import,  n.  See  Lnport,  v. 
That  which  is  brought  to  beai- 
upon  a  point. 

Svx.  Purport.  Meaning.  Drift.  Tenor. 
Sij.Tiificance. 

Akt.  Sutement.    Proceeding. 

Import.\nt,  adj.     See  Import 
I'.     Said  of  that  which  brings  in  '  pofi><,  o.ipaU^ 
Komethiug  materially  affectiug  a 
Btatc  or  question.     Applied  also 
to  persons  and    objects  of  im- ,  liBcatiou 
portance.  Tmpocnd, 


Stn.  Significant.  Expretsive.  Relevant 
Main.  Le;»ding.  Considerable.  Great.  D^> 
nified.    InQuentiaL 

AsT.  Insignificant.  TrivlaL  Inexpres- 
sive. Irrelevant.  'Inconsiderable.  Petty 
Mean.  UninfluentiaL  Secondary.  Cnlni- 
portant.    Minor. 

Importation,  71.  See  Im- 
port, I'. 

iMPORTtTNATE,  adj.  Importu- 
nure.  In,  not,  and  portare,  to 
bear,  or  he  rdevant.  To  come  in 
obtrusively,  to  ask.  with  great  if 
not  excessive  eagerness. 

Srs.  Over-urgent.  Over-en  creative.  Press- 


Ant.  Modest.    Diffident. 

Importune,  v.  tr.  See  Impor- 
tunate. 

Sts.  Pester.    Solicit.    Press. 

A>"T.  Surrender.    Abandon.    Sacrifice. 

Impose,  v.  tr.     Imponere,  post' 
tus,  to  place  upon. 
Srx.  I..ay.     Inflict. 
AST.  Remove.     Disburden. 

The  word  has  also  the  iiecuLiar 
sense  of  Cheat. 
Imposing,  adj.    See  Impose. 

Srx.  Striking.  Effective.  Dignified. 
Grand. 

Ajrr.  Ineffective.    Undignified.    Petty. 

Impossible,   adv.      See   Pos- 
sible. 
Impost,  n.    See  Impose. 

Stx.  Imivisiiion.    Tax.    Burden. 
Ant.  ExempUuru   Immunity.   Proceeds 
Revenue. 

Impostor,  v.  See  Impose. 
One  who  imposes  in  the  sense  of 
Cheat. 

Stn.  Cheat  Deceiver.  Dissembler.  Char- 
latan. 

Akt.  Detector.  Undecriver.  Enlight- 
ener.    Guide. 


Imposture, 
Impotence, 


See  Impostor. 
In,  not,  and 


Snt.  Incapacity.    Weakness.    Disquali- 
fication.   Disability. 

Atrr.  Capacity.    Vigour.    Ability.    QsSf 


Pousd. 


Si/nonijms  and  Antonyms. 


Impoverish,  v.  i 
pdujicr,   poor.      To 


In,  and 
poor. 


adj. 


See 


See  Enrich. 

Impracticable, 
Practicable. 

Imprecate,  v.  ir.  In,  and 
prccuri,  to  pray.     See  Impetrate. 

Improper,  adj.    See  Proper. 

Impregnable,  adj.  See  Preg- 
nable. 

Impure,  adj'.  In,  not,  and 
jmriis,  pure.     See  Pure. 

Impute,  v.  tr.  Lat.  Impu- 
tare. 

Stn.  Ascribe.    Refer.    Charge. 
Ant.  Withdraw.    Retract. 

Inability,  n.     See  Ability. 

Inaccessible,  adj.  See  Ac- 
cessible. 

Inaccurate,  adj.  See  Accu- 
rate. 

Inaction,  n. 

Inactivity, 

Inadequate 
quate. 

Inadmissible,  adj. 
missible. 

Inadvertknob,  n. 
vert. 

Syn.  Oversi£;ht. 

Ant.  Correction.    Attention, 

Inadvertent,  adj. 
advertence. 

Stn.  Inobservant.    Careless.    Heedless. 
Ant.  Careful.    Observant.    Aceur.ate,. 

Inalienable,  adj. 

Stn.  Alien.    Intrausferable.    Entailed. 
Ant.  Unentailed.    Transferable. 

Inane,  adj.  Lat.  Inan  is,  empty. 

Syn.  Empty.  Pointless.  Characterless. 
Vapid.    Feeble. 

Ant.  Significant.  Pointed.  Powerful. 
Sensible.    Forcible. 


See  Action. 
.     See  Activity. 
adj.      See   Ade- 

See  Ad- 

See    Ad- 


See  In- 


Inanihate,    adj. 


Ani- 


215 


Inanition,  n.     See  Inane. 

8v.\.    Emptiness.    Exhaustion.    Starr«- 

tioM. 

Ant.  Fullness.    Plethora.    Repletion. 

Inanity,  n.    See  Inanition. 

SvN.  See  Inane. 

Inappetenoy,  n.  See  Appe- 
tite. 

Inapplicable,  adj.  See  Ap- 
plicable. 

Inapposite,  adj.  See  Appo- 
site. 

Inappreciable,  adj.  See  Ap- 
preciate. 

SrN.  InSnitesimal.  Minute.  Impercep- 
tible. 

Ant.  Perceptible.  Ponderable.  Appre- 
ciable.   Calculable. 

See  Pro- 


Inappropriate,  adj. 
per. 

Inapt,  adj.    See  Apt. 

Inarticulate,  adj.  In,  not, 
and  articidus,  a  Joint  or  division. 

SvN.  Dumb.  Mute.  Confused.  Inor- 
ganic. 

Ant.  Articulalid.  Enuntiated.  Organic. 
Compoimd. 

Inartificial,  adj.  See  Arti- 
ficial. 

Inattention,  n.  See  Atten- 
tion. 

Inaudible,  adj.  In,  not,  and- 
ire.  to  hear. 

Syn.  Low.  Inarticulate.  Suppressed 
Muttering.    Mumbling.    Stifled.    Muffled. 

Ant.  Audible.  Outspoken.  Sonorous. 
Articulate.    Clear.    Ringing.    Loud. 

Inaugurate,  v.  tr.  In,  ami 
aiKjiir,  tlie  Hainan  officer  whose, 
duty  it  luas  to  watch  and  consult 
omens  on  the  appointment  of  state 
officers  and  the  undertaking  of 
inUifary  e.rpeditions.  Hence  to 
go  through  a  ceremony  at  the 
commencement  or  introduction 
of  something. 

SvN.  Initiate.    Commence.    IristaU. 
Ant.  Deprive.    Divert.    Conclude.    Te> 


See  Inau-   as  'the    incarnation  of   selfiih- 
I  ness.' 


sembijdiment.     Spirituallzation 


216  Sijncnyms  and  Antonyms. 

Inaugitkation 
gnrate. 

iNATTSPTninna     ndi       Rpp    Anc-  I       ^"'-  Em^'odimcr.  t.    Impersonation. 
«,-ivl    .  '        "^*  ^""T-    l)isemb,:,diment.     Snirituallz 

picions. 

Inborn,  adj.  In,  and  home  or 
horn.     See  Congenita]. 

Inbred,  adj.  In  and  Imd. 
See  Inborn. 

See  Cal- 


Incalculable,  adj 
culate. 

Incandescence,  ».  In,  and 
candescere,  to  he  of  a  white  heat. 

Stn.  Incalescetice.    Glow.    White  heat. 

Ant.  Iciness.  Congelation.  Refrigera- 
tion.   Crystallization. 

Incantation,  n.  jncantare, 
to  recite  or  chant  a  magical  form 
of  words. 

Stn.  Recitation.  Spell.  Charm.  Invo- 
cation. 

Ant.  Exorcism.    Evocation. 

Incapable,  adj.  See  Capabi- 
lity. 


Ant.    Unqualified.     Unable.    Incapable. 
Unfitted.     Weak,    incompetent.     Feeble. 

Incapacious,  adj.     See  Capa- 
cious. 


Incase,  v.  tr.    See  Case. 

Syn.    Inclose.       Enshrine.      Impnnnel. 
Board.     Batten. 


See   Can- 


Incapacity,    n. 
city. 

Incarcerate,  v.  t) 
career,  eris,  a  prison. 
Stn.  Immure.    Imprison. 
Akt.  Liberate.    Release. 


See    Capa- 
•.     In,  and 


Incarceration,  n .    See  Incar- 
cerate. 
Incarnadine,  v.  tr.    Caro,  car 

nis,  Ji.sh.       To    dye    carnation  ^ '"'I'^f^l-'eriodi?'^"" 
colour. 


Incautious,    adj. 
tious. 

Incendiarism,  n.  Incendere, 
to  burn.  Used  of  malicious  de- 
struction of  property  by  fire. 

SvN.  Arson.    Conflagration. 
Ant.  Extinction.  Annihilation.  Quench. 
ing. 

Incendiary,  n.  See  Incen- 
diarism. 

Incense,  v.  See  Incendiarism. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Sin.  Inflame.  Irrit^ate  Provoke.  Sting 
Nettle.    Exasperate.    Gall.    Chafe. 

Ant.  Allay.  Soothe.  Pacify.  Appease. 
Mollify.    Conciliate. 

Inception,  ?;.  Incipere,  to  he- 
gin.     See  Beginning. 

Incentive,  n.  Incirtere,  to 
strike  iif  a  tunc.  A  stiiTing  up 
by  note  or  sound. 

Si-N.  Inducement.  Excitation.  Rous- 
ing.   Motive.    Stimulus. 

AlNT.  Discouragement.  Warning.  Dis- 
suasive.   Prohibition.    Deterrent. 

Inceptor,  11.     See  Inception. 
Incertitude,    n.       See    Cer- 
tainty. 

Incessant,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
cessare,  to  cease. 

Syn.    Continual.      Uninterrupted.      Un- 

Ir.ter- 


SrN.  Redden.    Rubricate.     Crimson. 
Ant.  Whiten.    Pale.    Etiolate. 


Ant.     I'eriodic.       Occasional, 
rupted.    Intermittent. 

Inchoation.   n.      Incnoa: 


Incarnation,  n.     See  Incar-  \  ^%'"-    ^''  Inception, 
nadine.    The  condition  of  a  being '.  ,-^^<^^,^^"°?'„."-      Incide^-e,    to 
i-lothed  in  human  flesh;  applied  •'"'.•     Il^e  laiimg  or  striking  &\ 
p.!so  to  the  manifestation  of  ideas  !  ^  S?^^^  P?^^*  ^^  •'^"^le. 
or  sentiments  in  Uving  persons, '      l:^.SS'\esaS  u^^^ 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 
See  Incidence 


:17 


Incident, 

and  Event. 

Incidental,  adj.  See  Inci- 
dent. Used  of  that  wMch  regu- 
larly, and  that  which  casually, 
befalls  a  tiling,  without  being 
absolutely  essential  to  it. 

Stn.  Casual.  Occasional.  Appertinent. 
Concomitant.    Concurrent.    Accidental. 

AxT.  Systematic.  Regular.  Indepen- 
dent. Disconnected.  Irrelative.  Essential. 
Immanent.  Inherent.  Uniform.  Inva- 
riable. 

Incipience,  n.    See  Inception. 

Incipient,  adj.  See  Inception 
and  Beginning. 

Incircumspect,  adj.  See  Cir- 
cumspect. 

Incite,  v.  tr.  hicitare.  See 
Urge. 

Incivility,  n.     See  Civil. 

Inclement,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
demens,  clement. 

Stn.  Harsh.  Tyrannical.  Cruel.  Un- 
merciful. 

.\NT.  Mild.  Benign.  Clement.  Genial. 
Merciful. 

Incline,  v.  tr.  and  int.  In- 
cUnare. 

St».  Slope.  Bear.  Lean.  Point.  Tend. 
Dispose.    Induce.    Dip.    Bias.    Prompt. 

AsT.  Trend.  Diverge.  Ascend.  Deter. 
Rise.    Indispose.    Disincline. 

Incline,  n.     See  verb. 

Inclination,  n.    See  Incline. 

Inclusive,  adj.  Jndudere,  to 
include. 

Stn.  Comprehensive.  Additive.  Em- 
bracing.   Implied. 

-Ant.  K.\clusive.  E.xceptcd.  Ilcnuntia- 
tii'e.    Adversative. 

Incognlzable,  adj.  See  Cog- 
nizance. 

Incoherence,  n.  Sec  Co- 
here. 

Stn.  Disunion.  Disruption.  Inconsecu- 
Uf^ness.    Solution.     Disconnection. 

Aht.  Coherence.    Continuity.    Closeness. 


Incombustible,  adj.     In  n<A, 
and  coiiih/rrrj,  Hstus,  to  burn. 
Stn.  Uninflammable.    Aphloglstlc 
Akt.  Inflammable.    Combustible. 

Incombustibility,     n.       See 
Combustibility. 
Income,  ».     In  and  come. 

Stn.  Proceeds.    Pay.    Allowance. 
Ant.  Disbursement.    Expenditure. 

Incommensurable,  adj.  S:e 
Commensurate. 

Incommode,  v.  tr.  See  Accom- 
modate. 

Incommunicable,  adj.  See 
Communicate. 

Stn.  Iiitransferable.    Inalienable. 
Ant.    Transferable.     Alienable.     Com- 
municable. 

Incomparable,  adj.  See  Com- 
parable. 

Stn.  Matchless.  Unique. '  Consummate. 
Transcendent. 

Ant.  Common.    Ordinary.    Average. 

Incompassionate,  adj.  Set 
Compassion. 

Stn.  Hardhearted.    Unmerciful. 
Ant.    Clement.     Benignant.       Compas 
sionate.     Jlerciful. 

Incompatible,  adj.  See  Com- 
patible. 

Incompetence,  n.  See  Com- 
petence. 

Incomplete,  «f/y.  >See  Complete 

Incomprehensible,  adj.  See 
Comprbhend. 

Stn.  Jlysterious.  Unfathomable.  Enig- 
matical. 

Ant.  Comprehensible.  Cognizable.  Plain. 

Incomprehension,  n.  See 
Comprehension. 

Incompressible,  adj.  See  Cera- 
press. 

Inconceivable,  adj.  See  Con- 
ceive. 

Inconcinnitt,  11.  See  Cou- 
ciniiity. 

Inconclusive,  adj.  Set  Cuc- 
elusive 


218 


Sijnomjnis  and  A)i/o}iif)ns. 


iNCONGKUOli,  adj.     See  Con- 
gruous. 


Incon SID EE ABLE,  adj.  See  Con-        Incouruptible,  cdj.     See  Cor- 


Incorrigible,  mfj.     See  CJor- 
rigibk 


siderable. 

Tnconsidekate,  adj.  ,SVe  Con 
siderate. 

TnCONSISTENJ'.    adj.      See    Cou 

felstent. 

Inconsolable,  adj.  See  Con- 
sole. 

Inconsonant,  adj.  See  Con- 
sonant. 

Incontestable,  adj.  See  Con- 
test. 

Syn.  Indisputable.  Unquestionable.  Un- 
^^^Silil;lblp.     Impregnable. 

Ani".  Dubious.  Queslioriable.  Problem- 
itical.  Supposititious.  Arbitrary.  Assump- 
♦ive.     Hypothetical. 

Incontiguous,  adj.  See  Con- 
Mguous. 

Incontinent,  adj.  Sec  Conti- 
nence. 

Incontinently,  adv.  See  In- 
continent. Used  also  in  the 
sense  of  immediately,  i.  c.,  with- 
out holding  in  for  a  moment. 

Inconteovertible,  adj.  See 
Controvertible. 

Inconteovertibility,  n.  See 
Controvertibility. 

Inconvenient,  adj.  See  Con- 
venient. 

Inconveesiblb,  adj.  In,  not, 
and  conversari,  to  hold  conversa- 
tion.    See  Aii'able. 

Inconvertible,  adj.  See  Con- 
vertible. 

Incoepoeeal,  adj.  See  Cor- 
poreal. 

Tncoeporate,  v.  tr.  See  Cor- 
jvoroal  and  Disintegrate. 

Jscobrect,  <(dj.    Sec  Correct. 


rupt. 

Incorruption,  ii.  See  Cor- 
ruption. 

iNCil^'J.SATK,  fc.  fr.  1)1  and 
cra^a.it,  mid..     See  Thicken. 

Increase,  v.  tr.  and  i/d.  In 
and  trtbcere,  to  (/row.  See  De- 
crease. 

Incredible,  adj.  See  Cre- 
dible. 

Incbkdulity,  n.  See  Credu- 
lity. 

Incei'MENT,  n.  See  Decre- 
ment. 

Incrust,  v.  tr.  Criida,  a  crust. 
To  cover  with  a  coat  or  crust. 

Snf.  Coat.    Overlay.    Plaster. 
Akt.  Scrape.    Abrade.   Levigate.    Exfo- 
liate. 

Inculcate,  v.  tr.  In  and  cah-, 
the  heel.  To  impress,  and,  as  it 
were,  stamp  in. 

Stn.  Impress.  Urge.  Enforce.  Press. 
Teach. 

Akt.  Ins]  luate.      Suggest.      Disavow. 

Abjure.  Der-  ince. 

Inculp.*  IE,  V.    tr.      In   and 

cidpa,  aj'tult.  See  Implicate. 

Incumbent,  adj.  J)iciimherr, 
to  lie  tc/ioi). 

Syn.  I'ressing.  Urgent.  Devolvent.  Ob- 
ligatory. 

Ant.  Optional.  Discretional. 

Incur,  v.  tr.  Incurrere,  to  run 
into. 

Sts.  Meet.    Run. 

Ant.  Avoid.    Shun.    Elude.    Escape 

Incurable,  adj.    See  Cure. 

SvN.  Irremediable.     Irredeemable. 
Ant.  Tiactable.     Rimovable.     Kejr.;-Jb 
able. 

Inouriositv,  '■.  Sec  Cario 
sity. 


ISijnonijma  and  Antony mn. 


219 


brctnasioN,  n.    See  Incur. 

SrN.  Invasion.  Encroachment.  Raid. 
Oraponnade.    Sally. 

A.sT.  Encampment  Settlement.  Abode. 
Retreat. 

Incukvation,  71.  In  and  om?-- 
uar>',  curviis,  to  bend.     See  Bend. 

iNDAaATlON,  n.  Indaqari,  to 
truck  or  trace.     See  Examine. 

Indebted,  adj.  In  and  debere, 
to  o>re.     Debitum,  a  dtbt. 

Syn.  Oblitred.     Beholden. 

AxT.  Disobliged.    Unbeholden. 

Indecent,  adj.     See  Decent. 

Indecision,  n.    See  Decision. 

Indecisive,  adj.    See  Decision. 

Indecoeum,  n.  In,  not,  and 
de^or,  grace  or  propriety. 

SiTJ.  Impropriety.  Coarseness.  Incor- 
rectness. 

Ant.  Propriety.    Decorum.    Correctness. 

Indefatigable,  adj.  In,  not, 
defatigare,  to  luear  out  by  fatkjue. 

Stn.  Unwearied.  Incessant.  Persistent. 
Indomitable. 

AST.  Indolent.    Indifferent.    Idle. 

Indefeasible,  adj.  See  Fea- 
sible.    Not  to  be  undone. 

SrK.  Irreversible.  Unalterable.  Immu- 
table. 

Axt.    Reversible.    Alterable.     Mutable. 

Indefensible,  adj.  See  De- 
fensible. 

Indefinite,  adj.    See  Definite. 

Indelible,  adj.  In,  not,  de- 
lere,  to  luipe  out. 

Syn.  Indestructible.  Indefeasible.  In- 
effaceable.    Persistent.     Irreversible. 

Ant.  jMutable.  Evanescent.  Transient. 
Eifaceable. 

Indelicate,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
(JeJiciitus,  nice. 

.Stn.  Coarse.     Broad.    Indecent. 

Ant.  Nice.    Refined.   Modest.    Delicate. 

Indemnify,  V.  ir.  ///,r(o^,  and 
damnum,  loss  or  damage.  To 
rescue  or  secure  from  loss  or 
damage. 

Syn.  Compensate.  Secure.  Satisfy.  Re- 
imburse. 

An.  Fine.    Slulct.    Amerce. 


I     Independence,   n.      See   De- 
pendence. 

Indescribable,  adj.  See  De- 
scribe. 

Syn.  Unaccountable.  Inexpressible.  In- 
effable.   Unutterable. 

Ant.  Familiar.    Ordinary 

Indestructible,  adj.  See  De- 
stroy. 

Syn.  Imperishable.    Indiscerptiblp. 
Ant.    Perishable.      Destructible.      D» 

soluble. 

Indeterminate,  adj.  See  De- 
terminate. 

Indicate,  v.  tr.  Indicare,  to 
point  out. 

Syn.  Show.  Evidence.  Betray.  Evince. 
Manifest.    Declare.    Specify. 

Ant.  Conceal.  Contradict.  Negative. 
Misindicate.    Misdirect.    Falsify. 

Indication,  n.     See  Indicate. 

Stn.  Mark.  Sign.  Token.  Manifesta- 
tion. Evidence.  Demonstration.  Proof. 
Prognostic. 

Ant.  Silence.  Undemonstrativeness.  Sur- 
mise. Misdirection.  Misindlcation.  Mis- 
guidance. 

Indict,  v.  tr.  Indictare,  from 
dicere,  to  charge.     See  Charge. 

Indifference,  n.  In,  not, 
and  differentia,  a  difference.  The 
want  of  sufficient  importance  to 
constitute  a  difference,  and  con- 
sequently, in  a  secondary  sense, 
the  careless  feeling  about  such 


Syn.  Triviality.  Unimportance.  Insig- 
nificance. Coolness.  Carelessness.  Com 
po^ure. 

Ant.  Importance.  Significance.  Weight. 
Gravity.  Eagerness.  Interest.  Affection 
Ardour. 

Indigent,  adj.  In  and  egerc, 
to  utant. 

Syn.  Poor.    Straitened.    Impecunious, 
Ant.  Wealthy.    Rich.    Monied. 

Indigestible,  adj.  See  Digest. 

Syn.  Crude.     Raw.     Heavy. 

Akt.  Digestible.    Nutritive.    Light. 

Indignation,  n.  In,  not,  and 
diguus.   Comp.  Dignity.   Worth;f 


Si/nonyins  and  Antonyms. 


220 


the  feeling    roiisccl  by  an    tin- 
worthy  act. 

Stn.  Resell  jLent.  Denunciation.  Pro- 
testation. 

Ant.  Gratillcation.  Admiration.  Ap- 
plaif^e.    Approval.    Complacency. 

Indignity,  «.  >ee  Indigna- 
tion. An  offence  against  per- 
sonal dignity. 

Stk.  Insult.     Outrage.     Affront.     Pis- 
:pect. 

AST. 

Respect. 

Indiligence,  n.  See  Dili- 
gence. 

Indirect,  adj.    See  Direct. 

Indiscernible,  adj.  See  Dis- 
cernible. 

Indiscerptible,  adj.  Lat. 
dt's  and  carpere,  to  pluck  m-  pull. 
See  Indestructible. 

Indiscoverable,  adj.  See  Dis- 
cover. 

Stn.  Untraceable. 
Akt.    Cognizable, 
verable. 


lible.    Inappreciable.    Mi- 


Incog^  zable. 
Traceable. 


Indiscreet,  adj.  See  Dis- 
creet. 

Indiscretion^  n.  See  Discre- 
tion. 

Indiscriminate,  adj.  See  Dis- 
criminate. Used  both  of  objects 
and  actively  of  character. 

Stn.  Mixed.  Confused  Medley.  Pro- 
sniscuous.    lU-assoned,    Uiidiscerning. 

Ant.  CareluL  Sorted.  Select.  Discevn- 
lug. 

Indiscrimination,  n.  See  In- 
discriminate. 


<>ee 


>ee 


Dis- 


Dis- 


Indispensable,  adj. 
pensable. 

Indisposed,    adj. 
pose. 

Stn.  Disinclined.  Unwilling.  Reluc- 
tant.   Sick.     Ailing. 

A>T.  Inclined.  Prompt.  Ready.  Will- 
;ng.    JJiger.    Desirous.    Sound.    Healthful. 

Indisputable,  adj.^  See  Dis- 
imtart  and  Incontestable. 


I      iNDIseOLCBLS,  adj.      See  DiB* 
solute. 

Sts.  Inviolable.  InseparsMe.  _<li*- 
cerpiible.    Indestructible, 

Akt.  Separable.  Terminable.  Dlscetiv 
tible.    Dissoluble. 

Indistinct,  adj.  See  Distinct. 
I  Indistinguishable,  adj.  See 
Distinguish. 

\        Snf.   Iiidiscer 
nute.    Confused. 

Ant.  Distinguishable.    Conspicuous. 

Indite,  v.  fr.  Same  word  as 
Indict,  but  differently  employed. 

Stn.  Prompt.    Suggest.    Dictate.    Word. 
Ant.  Write.    Transcribe.    Pen. 

Individual,  a^lj.  In,  not,  and 
dividuus, divided  or  divisible. 

Stn.  PersonaL  Specific  Peculiar.  In- 
divisible. Identical.  Singular.  Idiosyn- 
cratic 

AST.  General  Common.  Collective. 
Plural. 

Indivisible,  adj.    See  Divide. 

Stn.  Minute.    Atomic.    Ultimate. 
Ant.    Divisible.      ])isccrptible.      Sepa- 
rable. 

Indocility,  n.    See  Docile. 

Indoctrinate,  v.  tr.  In  and 
doctrina,  doctrine.  Docere,  to 
teach.     See  Instruct. 

Indolence,  v.  In,  not,  and 
dolere,  to  fed  pain.  A  state  of 
pamless  inacti^•ity  ,•  the  tendency 
on  the  part  of  persons  to  desiie 
such  a  state. 

Stn.  .S'ee  Activity. 

Indomitable,  adj.     Domi/'ire, 

to  tame. 

Stn.  Invincible.  Uutameable.  Irre- 
pressible.    Indefatigable. 

Ant.  Effortless.    Feeble.    Languid. 

Indorse,  v.  tr.     In  and  dor- 


mm,  a  hack.  To  write  a  signa- 
ture of  approval  or  confirmation 
at  the  back  of  a  document.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Stu.  S;inction.  Approve.  Stibecribft 
Accept.  ,        .      ,  u 

Ant.  Protest.  Repudiate.  0»DceL  Ab- 
<iire.    Rcnouii.:e. 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms. 
•J.     See  Doubt 


Tkdubitai'.le,  '/. '' 
hiiil  lucoutestable. 

Indubious^  adj.  See  "Dubious 
iVAd  Doubt. 

Induce,  v.  ir.  In  and  ducere, 
to  bring  or  draw  on.  Used  of 
natural  agency,  a  power,  influ- 
ence, and  also  of  the  exercise  of 
will. 

Sra.  Produce.  Cause.  Prompt.  Per- 
Euade.    Instigate. 

Ant.  Slave.    Prevent.    Disincline.    Dis- 

fuade. 

Induction,  n.  See  Induce. 
Used  in  the  sense  of  bringing  a 
number  of  individuals  or  in- 
stances together ;  to  make  a  class 
or  principle. 

Sto.  Collection.  Collation.  Gathering. 
Application,  as  correlative  to  It. 

Ant.  Statement.  Generalization.  Pro- 
position. Class.  Principle.  Law.  Deduc- 
liiiii.  Inference.  Argumentation.  Dis- 
course. 

Indue,  v.  tr.  Induere,  to  put 
on.     See  Divert. 

Indulge,  v.  tr.  Indulgere,  from 
indoles,  the  nature  or  temperament. 
Act.  and  neut.  To  grant  what  is 
pleasing  to  another  and  also  to 
one's  self.  Used  grammatically 
as  governing  both  persons  and 
objects. 

Syn.  Spoil.  Pamper.  Humour.  Gra- 
tify.   Cherish.    Bask.    Revel.    Grovel. 

Ant.  Thwart.  Deny.  Contradict.  Dis- 
appoint. Discard.  Abjure.  Counteract. 
Keiiounce.    Mortify.    Discipline. 

Indulgence,  n.    See  Indulge 
Induration,  n.    In  and  diirus, 
hard.    See  Harden. 
Industry,  n.    Industry. 

Syn.  Activity.  Toil  Assiduity.  Dill- 
gi  nee.     Perseverance. 

ANT.  Inactivity.  'Ease.  Indulgence. 
<iidulence. 

Inebriety,  n.    See  Ebriety. 
Ineffable,  In,  not,  and  effa- 
■HiiK.     Effari,  to  speak. 

i***   luexpressible     Inconceivable.    In- 


221 

Indescribabia 


purpassable.      Iiuleclarable. 
E.\quisite.    Perfect. 

Ant.  Conunon.  Trivial.  Superficial. 
Vulgar.  Conversational.  CoUofiuial.  Ob. 
vious.    Commonplace. 

Ineffably,  adv,  See  Inef- 
fable. 

Ineffectual,  ad>j.  See  Effec- 
tual. 

Inelastic,  adj.    See  Elastic. 

Inelegant,  adj.  See  Ele- 
gance. 

Ineligible,  adj.    See  EUgible. 

Inept,  adj'.    See  Apt. 

Inequality,  n.    See  Equality. 

Inequitable,  adj'.  See  Equi- 
table. 

Inert,  adj.  Lat.  iners.  Comp. 
of  in,  not,  and  ars,  art.  Inca- 
pable of  skilful  employment; 
hence  disinclined  to  employment 
generally. 

Stn.    Indolent.    Slothful.     Lazy.    Slug- 
gish.   Heavy.  . 
Ant.  Active.    Energetic.    Alert.    Brisk. 

Inertness,  n.  Inertia.  See 
Inert. 

Inestimable,  adj.  See  Esti- 
mable. It  has  also  the  sense  of 
priceless;  that  is,  I,  not  to  be 
esteemed;  2,  not  to  be  sufficiently 
estimated. 

Inevitable,  adj.  In,  not,  evi- 
tare,  to  escape. 

Stn.  Unavoidable.    Infallible. 

Ant.  Avoidable.  Uncertain.  Inietcr- 
minale. 

Inexact,  adj. 
Inexcitable, 


See  Exact. 
adj.      See    Et- 


citability. 

Inexcusable, 
cuse. 

Stn.  Unmitigated, 
defensible. 

Ant.  Mitieable.    Palliable.     Jn.'^tifiab'.* 
ViudicaWe     iHfiaisible.    Pardonable 


adj.       See    Ex- 
Unpardonable,    la- 


222 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


iNitXHAUSTiBLE,  (ulj.  See  Ex- 
haust. 

Stn.    Incessant.      Unwearied.      Indefa- 
tigable.    Perennial.     Illimitable. 
Ant.  Limited.    Scant.    Poor. 

Inkxiste\:b,  n.  See  Exist- 
ence. 

Inexorable,  adj.  In,  not, 
exorare.  to  entreat. 

SvN.  Merciless.     Unrelenting. 

Ant.  Lemenf.  Exorable.  Indulgent. 
Benignant.    Clement. 

Inexpedient,  adj.  See  Expe- 
diency. 

Stn.  Undesirable.  Inadvisable.  Dis- 
advantageous. 

Ant.  Advisable.    Profitable.    Expedient. 

Inexpensive,  adj.  See  Expen- 
sive. 

Inexperibkce,  adj.  See  Ex- 
perience. 

SrN.  Ignorance.  Inconversance.  Un- 
familiarity.    Strangeness. 

Ant.  Experience.    Familiarity 

Inexpert,  adj.    See  Expert. 
Inexpiable,  adj.    See  Expiate. 

Stn.  Unatoneable.    Unpardonable. 
A  NT.    Expiable.     Redeemable.    Pardon- 
able.    Atoneable. 

Inexplicable,  adj.  See  Ex- 
plicate. 

Stn.  Mysterious.    Enigmatical. 
Ant.  Obvious.    Plain.    Easy. 

Inexpressible,  adj.  See  Ex- 
press and  Indescribable. 

Inexpressive,  adj.  See  Ex- 
press. 

SrN.  Characterless.    Blank. 

Ant.  Expressive.    Telling.    Speaking. 

Inextensive,  adj.  See  Ex- 
tensive. 

Inextension,  71.  See  Exten- 
sion. 

Inextinguishable,  adj.  See 
Extinguish. 

Inextricable,  adj.  See  Ex- 
tricate. 

SvN.  Overwhelming.  Irredeemable.  la- 
Ul. 

Am,  Remediable     Redeenmb'.e. 


Infallible,  %.IJ.  See  FrIH- 
ble. 

Infamy,  n.  In,  not,  and  f'lma, 
fame. 

Syn.  Despair.    De^adation.    DlsIioDoi.r. 

Axt.  Honour.  Reputation.  Celebrity. 
Glory.     Renown. 

Infantile,  adj.  I»/ai:x,  aa 
infant ;  in,  i,i,f,  and  fari,  to  speak. 
Ijike  an  infant  or  child. 

Stn.  Puerile.    Childish.    Imbccil.!. 
Ant.    Jlanly.    Mature.    Vigorous.    Ro- 
bust. 

Infatuation,  n.  In  and  /«- 
tmii^,  siUy.     Fatuous. 

Syn.  Fatuity.  Hallucination.  ILuiness. 
Self-deception. 

Ant.  Clear-sightedness.  Sagacity.  Wis- 
dom.   Sanity.    Soundness. 

Infeasible,  adj.  See  Fea.si- 
ble. 

Infect,  v.  tr.     See  noun. 

Infection,  n.  Injicere,  to  in- 
fect.    Jnffctus. 

Syn.  Taint.  Poison.  Contaniiuatioa, 
Corruption.    Contagion. 

Disinfection,     .\nti- 

I      IlTFECTlous,   adj.      See   Infec- 
tion. 
I     Infelicity,  n.     See  Fehcity. 

Infer,  v.  tr.  Inferre,  to  bring 
!  to.  Used  in  the  restricted  sense 
j  of  logical  inference. 

I        Stn.  Gather.    Collect.    Deduce.    Argue. 
Ant.  State.    Enunciate.    Propound.    Aii- 
j  ticipate.  Prognosticate.  Conjecture.  Assume. 
:  Gutss. 

I     Inference,  n.    See  Infer. 
I     Inferiority,     n.        Inferior, 
I  lower.     The  state  of  being  lower 
than  some  other  thing  or  person, 
station,  degree,  or  amount. 

Stn.  Subordination  Minor! ly.  Poverty. 
Mediocrity.  Subjection.  Servitude.  De- 
pression. 

Ant.  Superiority.  Majority.  Excellencjx 
Eminence.  Independence.  Mastery.  1S«» 
altation.    Elevation. 

Infernal,      adj.  Infernnti, 

lower.    Belonging  to  the  reslras 


Synonyms  and  Antony  ma 


223 


l»low  or  the  character  of  their 
Uiliabitunts.     )ice  Fiendish. 
Infertility,  n.    See  Fertile. 

Stn.  Barrenness.  Poverty.  Sterility. 
Uiipriiductiveness.     Waste. 

Ant.  Richnesa.  Exuberance.  Fruitful- 
ness.    Productiveness. 

Infest,  v.  tr.  Lat.  infestus, 
hostilf. 

Syn.  Trouble.  Harass.  Teaze.  Annoy. 
Pester. 

Ant.  Comfort.  Gratify.  Regale.  Re- 
fresh. 

Infidelity.    See  Fidelity. 

Infiltrate,  V.  </•.  and  inf..  See 
Filter.  To  ponr  or  sink  into  the 
pores  of  a  substance.  Used  me- 
taphorically. 

Stk.  Instil.  Inoculate.  Permeate.  Sa- 
turate.    Soak. 

Ant.  Strain.    Draw  off.    Defiltrate. 

Infinite,  adj.      In,  not,  and 
finis,  an  end  or  limit. 
Stn.  See  Immeasurable. 

Infinitesimal,  adj\  See  Infi- 
nite. Used  of  infinite  minute- 
nesB. 

Stn.  Inappreciable.  Inconspicuous.  Jli- 
nute.  Microscopic.  Indiscernible.  Ato- 
mic. 

Ant.  Enormous.    Immeasurable.    Vast. 

Infirm,  adj.  In,  not,  and  fir- 
mvs,  siroiKj.  Used  of  the  bodily 
constitution,  and  occasionally  of 
weakness  in  argument  or  state- 
ment. 

Syn.  Weak.  Df  crepit.  Lame.  Inforci- 
ble.     Unsound.     Failing. 

Ant.  Firm.  Strong.  Sure.  Cogent. 
Forcible.    Sound. 

Infirmity,  n.    See  Infirm. 

Infix,  v.  tr.    See  Fix. 

Inflame,  v.  tr.  Inflammnre, 
flamnid,  ajinme. 

Stn.  Fire.  Kindle.  Excite.  Rouse.  Fan. 
Incense.  Madden.  Infuriate.  Exaspe- 
rate. 

Ant.  Quench.  Extinguish.  Allay.  Cool. 
l»ciiy.    Quiet, 

Ik^late,  V.  tr.  In  and  flare, 
to  blow. 


Stn.  Distend.     Expand. 
Ant.  Exhaust.  Empty.  Flatten.  Sq-j'*;* 
Compn'ss. 

Inflated,  adj'.  See  Inflate. 
Used  metaphorically  of  style  of 
speech. 

Stn   Pompous.    Turgid.    Bombastic. 
Ant.  Plain.    Unaffected.    Simple. 

Inflect,  v.  tr.  Infledere.  See 
Bend. 

Inflexible,  adj.  See  Flexi- 
ble. 

Inflexion,  n.    See  Inflect. 

Inflict,  v.  tr.    In  and  fli<jerc. 


to  strike  or  cast. 

Stn.  Impose.    Put. 

Ant.    Remove.      Alleviate. 
Spare. 


Suspend. 


Infliction,  n.  See  Inflict. 
Used  also  in  the  sense  of 

Syn.  Grievance.    Trouble.    Nuisance. 

Am.  Gratification.  Pleasure.  Accom- 
modation. Sparing.  Remission.  Condona- 
tion. 

Influence,  n.  In,  on,  and 
flvere,  to  flom.  That  which  takes 
effect  upon  another  less  palpably 
than  by  mechanical  action.  Used 
of  moral  and  the  subtler  physical 
causes. 

.Stn.  Kfffct.  Control.  Causation.  Affec- 
tion.   Impulse. 

Ant.  inefficiency.  Ineffectiveness.  In- 
operativeness. Nullity.  Neutrality.  Inef- 
ficacy. 

Influential,  adj.  See  In- 
fluence. Used  of  things  and  per- 
sons. 

Stn.  Potent.  Powerful.  EBBcacious. 
Forcible.  Persuasive.  Controlling.  Guid- 
ing.   Considerable. 

Ant.  Weak.  Ineffective.  Inoperative. 
Unpersua.'iive.    inconsiderable. 

Influx,  ».  From  Influtre,  to 
flow  in.     Sf'e  Accession. 

Infold,  v.  tr.    See  Enfold. 

Inform,  v.  tr.  Informare, 
forma,  a  shape.  To  give  life  or 
shape  to,  as  '  the  informing 
.soul ;'  hence  its  common  accep- 


224 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms, 


latiou  of  imparting  knowledge  as 
the  life  of  tho  spirit,  and  finally 
imparting  specific  knowledge. 
Forma,  the  essence  of  a  thing. 

Sra.  Enlighten.  Instruct.  Edify.  Edu- 
cate.    Acquaint.     Apprise. 

AjtT.  Misjudge.  Jlisinstruct.  Jlislead. 
Deceive.    Hoodwink.    Mystity.    Misinform. 

Informal,  adj.    See  Formal. 

Information,  «.     See  Inform. 

Infraction,  n.  Infringere,  to 
break.  Used  of  laws,  rules,  and 
obligations. 

Syn.  Violation.  Infringement.  Break- 
ing.   Disturbance. 

Ant.  Observance.  Maintenance.  Con- 
servation.   Respect.    Integrity. 

Infrangible,  adj.  See  Fran- 
gible. 

Infrequenct,  n.  See  Fre- 
qxient. 

Srs".  Rarity.  Fewness.  Paucity.  Deartb. 
Scantiness. 

Ant.  Multitude.  Abundance.  Fre- 
quency.   Recurrence. 

Infrigidation,  n.  In  andfri- 
gidiis,  frigus,  cold.  The  placing 
or  being  placed  in  a  condition 
ef  cold.     See  Incandescence. 

Infringe,  v.  tr.  See  Infrac- 
tion. 

Infueiatb,  v.  tr.  In  and 
furor,  rage.     See  Inflame. 

Infuse,  v.  tr.  1 1  if  under  e,  fu- 
sus,  to  pour  in.  Used  metapho- 
i-ically,  as  to  infuse  a  spiiit  into 
a  meeting. 

Syn.  Steep.  Soak.  Water.  Instil.  In- 
tiltrate.    Insinuate. 

Ant.  Strain.  Dry.  Drain.  Unteach. 
Retract.    Divert. 

Ingenious,  adf.  Ingenium, 
the  genius  or  natural  capacity/. 
Used  of  cleverness  in  finding 
forms  of  expression  or  contriv- 
ance. ! 

.Stw.  Skilful.  Adept.  Clever.  Inven- 
tivo.     Heady.  [ 

Ant.  Unskilful,  Slow  Uninventive. 
Unready  j 


Ingenuous,  adf.  Lat.  Jng-f- 
nuv^,  genus.  Having  the  quality 
of  honour  and  candour  which 
befits  and  was  at  one  time,  like 
many  other  virtues,  assumed  to 
belong  peculiarly  to  high  birth. 
Com  p.  Generosity. 

Syn.  Noble.  Candid.  Generous.  Frank. 
Sincere. 

Ant.  Mean.  Reserved.  Sly.  Disin- 
genuous.   Insincere. 

Inglorious,  adj.  See  Glorify. 

Stn.  Shameful.       Disgraceful.      Unre- 
nowned. 
Ant.  Illustrious.    Glorious.    Renowned. 

Ingraft,  v.  tr.  See  Graft, 
verb. 

Ingrained,  adj.  In  and  gra- 
mtm,  a  seed  or  grain.  Also  the 
internal  texture  of  a  substance 
which  might  be  conceived  as 
minutely  granulated.  See  Con- 
genital. 

Ingratiate,  v.  tr.  In  and 
gratia.  In  the  sense  of  favour; 
to  place  in  a  state  of  ftivour. 

Stn.  Recommend.    Insinuate. 

Ant.  Discommend.    Alienate.    Estrange. 

Ingratitude,  n.  See  Gratitude. 

Ingredient,  n.  Ingrediri, 
gradus,  a  step.  Stepping  or  en- 
tering into  a  composition. 

Stn.  Element.  Ingredient.  Component. 
Constituent. 

Ant.  Non-ingredient.  Refuse.  Resi- 
duum.   Counter-agent    Incongruity. 

Ingress,  «.  See  Ingi-edient 
and  Egress. 

Ingulp,  v.  tr.     See  Gulp. 

Ingurgitate,  v.  tr.  Ingurgi- 
tare,  giirges,  a  xchirlpool.  To 
swallow  gi'cedily  Uke  a  whii-l- 
l^ool.     See  Swallow. 

Inhabile,  adj.  See  Ability 
and  Awkward. 

Inhabit,  v.  tr.  and  i7it.  In' 
habitart,    habitus,    a  fixed   stai« 


o?  .  1  lid) it 
nently. 

.^TN\  Occupy.    Tenant.    Coloniz.e.    Settle. 
Ant.  Abaiiiion.    Forsake.    Migrate. 

Inhabitant,  «.    See  Inhabit. 

Syk.  Occupant.  Tenant.  Resident.  >;a- 
tive.    Inmate. 

AST.  Stranger.  Traveller.  Foreigner. 
Visitor,    intruder. 


and   int.     Se 


idj.     See  Rav- 
in and  Jicerere, 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms.  22^ 

To    occupy    perma-       Inhume,  v.  tr.    See  Exhume. 

Inimical,  adj.  In,  vot,  and 
amicus,  a  friend.  See  Hostility 
and  Friendly. 

Inimitable,  adj.  See  Imi- 
tate. 

Syn.  Transcendent.  Matchless.  Incom- 
parable. 

Ant.  Ordinary.    Mediocre. 

Iniquity,  «.  In,  oiot,  and 
cequitKS,  from  ai(j[iius,Just. 

Syn.  Injustice.  AVrong.  EviWoing, 
Sin. 

Ant.  Justice.  Integrity.  Virtue.  Holi- 
ness. 

Initiate,  v.  tr.  Initium,  inire, 
an  entrance  or  heginning.  Applied, 
in  the  sense  of  commence,  to  un- 
dertakings, and  inaugurate,  to 
persons.  See  Commence  and 
Inaugurate.  Used  in  the  tech- 
nical sense  of  initiate  or  intro- 
duce to  mysteries  or  ceremonies. 

'Initiated,  adj.    See  Initiate. 

Initiative,  n.  See  Initiate. 
Used  for  the  first  step  in  a  course 
of  action. 

Syn.  Start.  Leadership.  Commence- 
ment.   Example. 

Ant.   Waive, 
mination. 

Inject,  v.  tr. 

Injudicious, 
cious. 

Injunction,  n.    See  Enjoin. 

Injure,  v.  tr.  Injuria.  In, 
not,  and  Jus,  right.  A  wrong  or 
hurt.  When  things  without  life 
are  said  to  be  injured,  they  are 
regarded  as  valuables  or  posses- 
sions. The  term  is  often  usi'l 
loosely  of  persons,  as, '  he  injured 
(meaning  he  hurt)  '  his  hand.' 

Stw.  ])anlag■^,  VKonnd.  Hurt.  Wronj; 
Impair.     Maltrt'.it. 

Ant.  Benefit.  Profit.  Repair.  Ad- 
Vance.    Advantage. 

Injury,  n.    Sec  Injure. 
Q 


Inhale,  v.   tr 
Exhalation. 

Syn.  Inspire.    Snuff.    Absorb. 
Ant.  Exhale. 

Inharmonious 

monious. 

Inherent,  adj. 
to  stick. 

Stn.  Innate.  Congenital.  Immanent. 
Ingrained. 

Ant.  ForeiRn.  Ascititious.  Separable. 
Temporary.    Extraneous. 

Inherit,  v.  tr.  In  and  Jxeres, 
edis,  an  heir.  To  come  in  for, 
as  the  heir,  or  analogously. 

Syn.  Occupv.    Possess.     Enjoy. 

Ant.  Acquire.  Earn.  (lain.  Squander. 
Alienate.  Dissipate.  Bequeath.  Leave. 
Iiemise.    Devise. 

Inheritance,  n.    See  Inherit. 

Sys.  Bequest.  Legacy.  Heritage.  Here- 
ditament. 

Ant.  Purchase.  Donation.  Acquisi- 
tion. Dissipation.  Alienation.  Forfeiture. 
I,apse.    Escheatraent. 

Inheritor,  n.    See  Inherit. 

Syn.  Heir.  Successor.  Legatee.  De- 
visee. 

AxT.  Deviser.    Testator. 

Inhesion,  n.    See  Inhere. 

Syn.  Introsusception.  Innateness.  In- 
herence. Indwelling.  Ingrainedness.  Im- 
manence. 

Ant.  Emanence.  Emission.  Ejection. 
Extrusion.    Extraction. 

Inhibit,  v.  tr.  Inhibere.  To 
liold  in,  and  so  restrain. 

Syn.  Prevent.  Hinder.  Prohibit.  Ke- 
•train.    Debar. 

Ant.  Urge.  Incite.  Permit.  Encourage. 
Impel. 

Inhospitable,  adj.    See  Hos- 
pitable. 
Inhuman,  adj.    See  Human. 


Rear.    Prosecution. 


See  Eject. 
adj.      See   Judi- 


226 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


INJUSTICE,  n.    See  Justice. 

Inlet.      In    and   let. 
sometimes  in  the  sense  of  open- 
ing or  comraeucement. 

Syk.     Opening.      Ingi-ess.      Commence- 


Inmate.  Ill  and  Icel.  matt, 
equal  or  companion.  See  Inha- 
bitant. 

Innate.  In  and  natus,  lorn. 
Born  in  a  person,  or  so  habitual 
as  to  seem  so.     See  Congenital. 

Innek,  Inmost.  In,  prep.; 
comparative  and  superlative. 

Stx.  Interior.    Vital.    Secret.    Close. 
Ant.     Exterior.       Outer.       Outermost. 
Open. 


Innocence, 


Innocentia.    cious 


iNNTJTRiTiors,  adj.  See  Nu- 
trition. 

Inobservance,  n .  See  Observ- 
ance. 

Inoculate,  v.  tr.  In  and  ocn- 
lus,  an  eye.  Used  here  for  the 
eye  or  slit  into  -which  the  graft 
is  inserted.  It  is  applied  both  to 
jDcrsons  inoculated  and  the  sub- 
jects of  the  inoculation. 

Syn.  Impreguate.  Indoctrinate.  Tinge. 
Insert.     Imbue.    Instil.     Ingrain.    Ingraft. 

Axt.  Uisabtise.  Unteach.  Prune.  Di- 
vest. 

Inodorous,  adj.    See  Odorous. 
Inoffensive,  adj.    See  Offen- 
sive. 
Inofficious,    adj.      See    Offi- 


In,  not,  and  nocere,  to  hurt.  Spe 
cific,  or  generally  of  character 
and  disposition. 

Syk.  Innocuousness.  Inoffensiveness. 
Guilelessness.  Guiltlessness,  Simplicity. 
Purity.    Sinlessness. 

Ant.  Hurtfulness.  Offensiveness.  Guile. 
Guilt.  Contamination.  Corruption.  Im- 
purity.   Sinfulness. 

Innocent,  adj.  See  Inno- 
cence. 

Innocuous,  adj.  See  Inno- 
cent. Used  rather  of  physical, 
as  innocent  of  moral  properties. 

Sin.  Inoffensive.  Harmless.  Whole- 
some. 

Ant.  Obnoxious.  Hurtful.  Deleterious. 
Insidious. 

Innovation,  n.  In  and  novns, 
ncii\  An  introduction,  commonly 
implying  a  want  of  reason  or 
authority,  of  something  new  into 
a  previously  existing  system. 

Si-N.  Alteration.  Reversal.  Novelty. 
Newfangledness. 

Ant.  Conservation.  Maintenance.  Ar- 
chaism.   Old-fashion.    Obsoleteness. 

Innoxious,  adj.    See  Noxious. 
Innumerable,  adj.    See  Num- 
berless. 


Inoperative,  adj.  See  Opera- 
tive. 

Inopportune,  adj.  See  Op- 
portune. 

Inordinate,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
ordo,  order. 

Stn.  Extravagant.  Disproportionate.  Un- 
regulated.   Exorbitant. 

Ant.  Regular.    Just.    Moderate. 

Inorganic,  adj.    See  Organic. 

Inosculate,  v.  int.  In  and 
oscidum.  Used  in  a  neid.  and 
act.  sense. 

SvN.  Blend.  Unite.  Intertwine.  So- 
lidify. Anastomose.  Intersect.  Interpene- 
trate. 

Ant.  Separate.  Diverge.  Bifurcate.  Dis- 
unite.   Divorce. 

Inquietude,  n.    See  Quiet. 

Inquinate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  inqui- 
nare.     See  Contamiuate. 

Inquiry,  n.  In  and  qum-erc, 
to  seek. 

Syn.  Iiiterrocation.  Question.  Asking 
Investigation.    Search.    Examination. 

Ant.  Conjecture.  Guess.  Intuition.  Hy- 
pothesis.   Assumption.    Supposition. 

Inquibitori.vl,  adj.     See  In- 


I^jnoni/ms  and  Ajiioni/ 


qniry 

arrogant  inqtiisitiveness. 

Svx.  Minute.  Arbitrary.  Over-curious. 
Serutinizins. 

Ant.  Superficial.  Perfunctory.  Unin- 
quisitivc.  Incurious.  Inobservant.  Un- 
Bcrutinizing. 

Inroad,  ??.     In  and  rofuL 

Syx.  Invasion.  Ilaid.  Incursion.  Dra- 
gonnadc.  Irruption.  Trespass.  Infringe- 
ment. 

Ant.  Occupation.  Settlement.  Evacua- 
tion. Retreat.  Sally.  Outbreak.  Excur- 
sion.   Egress. 


See    Salu- 
and 


ms.  227 

Havinc  the  character  of !  U"*'«'?''ns-  stolid,    insusceptible.     Unim- 

"  i  pressiblc. 

Ant.  Sensitive.  Feeling.  Quick.  Saga- 
cious. Discriminating.  Observing.  Acute. 
Susceptible.    Impressible. 

INSENSIBILITY,  n.  See  Sensi- 
bility. 

Insensible,  adj.  See  Sensi- 
ble. 

Inseparable,  adj.  See  Sejia- 
rable. 

Insert,  v.  tr.  In  and  severe, 
to  plant.     »S'ee  Introduce. 

Inside,  prep,  and  adv.    In  and 

side. 

SvN.  Witliin.    Internally. 

Ant.  Without.  Outside.  E.xtraneousiy 
E.-iternalIy. 

Insidious,  adj.  Insldiosus,  in- 
sidiari,  to  sit  or  lie  in  tvait. 

Stn.  Wily.  Treacherous.  Designing. 
Dangerous. 

Ant.  Straightforward.  Sincere.  Un- 
designing.    Innocuous. 

Insignificant,  adj.  See  Sig- 
nificant. 

Insincere,  adj.    See  Sincere. 

Insinuate,  v.  tr.  In  and 
!iinuK,  the  fold  or  hosom  of  a  rohe. 
To  insert,  as  it  were,  into  the 
bosom.  Used  both  of  persons 
and  subjects. 

SvN.  introduce.  Insert.  Worm.  Ingra- 
tiate. 

Ant.  Withdraw.  Retract.  Alienate. 
Extract. 


Insalubrity,    n 
brity. 

Insane,   adj.      In,    not 
sanus,  sound.     See  Mad. 

Insanity,  n.    See  Madness. 

Insatiable,  adj.    See  Satisfy. 

SvN.  Voracious.  Unappeasable.  Omni- 
vorous.   Ravenous. 

Ant.  Moderate.  Delicate.  Fastidious. 
Dainty.    Squeamish. 

Inscribe,  v.  tr.  In  and  scri- 
here,  to  inrite.     To  -mrito  upon. 

SrN.  Letter.  Write.  Label.  Designate. 
Delineate.    Mark.     Imprint. 

Ant.  Erase.  Efface.  Cancel.  Oblite- 
rate.    Expunge. 

Inscroll,  v.  tr.  In  and  scroll. 
To  write  the  name  or  thing  on  a 
scroll,  or  to  ornament  with  scroll- 
work. Scroll,  from  Fr.  escroler, 
which  from  corrotidare,  rotulus, 
a  roll. 

Syn.  Enlist.  Register.  Enroll.  Pat- 
tern.   Flourish.    Record.    Calendar. 

Ant.  Erase.  DisenroU.  Cashier.  Ex- 
punge.   Obliterate.    Efface.    Deface. 


Inscrutable,  adj.  In,  not, 
and  scrutari,  to  investigate.  The 
positive  has  dropped  out  of  use. 

SrN.  Unintelligible.  Untraceable.  Mys- 
terious. Unfathomable.  Profound.  Insolv- 
able. 

Ant.  Obvious.  Self-evident.  Familiar. 
Intelligible.    Explainable. 

Insecure,  adj.    See  Secure. 

Insensate,  adj.     In,  nor,  and 
nensus,  feeling  or  2>erception. 
Sth.     Brute.      Insensitive.      InaonsiLiip. !      InSKARE,  v.  tr 


Insipid,  adj.    See  Sapid. 

Stn.  Tasteless.  Vapid.  Uninteresting. 
Characterless.    Flavourless.    Flat.    Insnlse. 

Ant.  Tasty.  Sapid.  Relishing.  Racy. 
Interesting.    Engaging. 

Insist,  v.  int.  In,  on,  and 
sistere,  to  stand.  To  stand  on  a 
thing  as  necessary  or  right. 
Followed  hjprep.  on. 

Stn.  Stand.  Demand.  Maintain.  Cott- 
tend. 

Ant.  Abandon.  ^Vaive.  Concede.  Yield 
Surrender.     Forego. 

In  and  snare. 


228 


iSipionyms  and  Antonyms. 


Stu.  Intrap.  Cajole.  Decoy.  Allure. 
Catch.    Inveigle. 

Aht.  Enlighten.  AVarn.  Deter.  Dis- 
suade. Rescue.  Liberate.  Release.  Extri- 
cate. 

Insobriety,  n.    See  Sobriety. 

Insolence,  n.  In,  not,  and 
solere,  to  he  accustomed,  soUta, 
riiatoms  of  society.  The  arrogance 
which  overrides  the  customary 
restraints  of  society. 

Stn.  Arrogance.  Assumption.  Impu- 
dence. 

Ant.  Deference.  Consideration.  Polite- 
ness.    Modesty.    Bashfulness. 

Insoluble,  adj.    See  Soluble. 

Insolvable,  adj.  See  Solve 
and  Inscrutable. 

Insolvent,  adj.  In,  vot,  and 
solvere,  to  pay.  Having  not  the 
means  of  i^aying  his  debts. 

Syn.  Bankrupt.  Ruined.  Penniless. 
beggared. 

Ant.  Flusii.  r  iourisblng.  Blonied. 
Thriving. 

Inspect,  v.  tr.  Inspicere,  to 
look  into. 

Stn.  Scrutinize.  Examine.  In\-%stigate. 
Search.     Overhaul. 

Ant.  Overlook.  Connive.  Dismiss.  Glance, 
llisobserve.    Misinvestigate.    Pretermit. 

Inspector,  ??.    »S'ee  Inspect. 

Inspiration,  oi.  In  and  spi- 
rare,  to  breathe.  That  which  is 
l>reathed  into  the  soul  or  mind, 
as  it  were,  by  Divine  influence. 

Stn.  Poesy.  Frenzy.  Impulse.  Reve- 
lation.    Intuition.     Afflatus. 

Ant.  Study.  EUboration.  Learning. 
-Vcquirement.    Observation.    Education. 

Inspire,  v.  tr.  See  Insi^ira- 
tion. 

Stw.  Animate.  Inspirit  Inflame.  Im- 
bue.    Impel.     Encourage. 

Ant.  Depress.  '  Dispirit.  Discourage. 
Deter. 

Inspirit,  v.  tr.    See  Inspire. 

Inspissation,  h.  In  and  spis- 
•■^us,  thick.  A  thickening  of  tlie 
piwiicles,  especially  of  liquids. 

Stk.  Thickening.  Turbidity.  Incrassa-  ' 
tion.    DensiScation.  ! 


Ant.  Refining.  Straining.  Purwi.titk3a 
Precipitation.    Clarification.     Tenuity. 

Instability,  n.    See  Stability. 

Instal,  v.  tr.  In  and  stabu- 
lum,  a  jixed  standing  ])lace  ;  from 
siare,  to  stand.  Comjx  Stall  and 
Stable. 

Syn.  Establish.  Institute.  Induct.  In- 
vest. 

Ant.  Deprive.  Disinstal.  Strip.  De- 
grade.   Disinvest.  Eject. 

Instalment,  n.  See  Instal. 
A  security  by  periodical  repay- 
ment. Used  in  the  wider  sense 
of  a  portion  of  a  larger  quantity. 

Syn.  Fir^t-fruits.  I'art-paj-ment.  Drib- 
let. 

Ant.  Payment.  Reimbursement.  Ac- 
quittal.   Liquidation.    Cancelment. 

Instance,  n.  Instardia.  In 
and  stare.  Has  the  twofold  sense 
of  insistence,  but  in  a  milder 
form,  and  case  or  circumstance 
illustrative  of  a  rule  or  state- 
ment. 

SxN.  f^ntreaty.  Request.  Prompting. 
Persuasion.  E.xample.  Solicitation.  Case. 
Illustration.    Exemplification. 

Ant.  Dissuasion.  Deprecation.  Wanv. 
ing.  Rule.  Statement.  Principle.  Jlis- 
e.xemplitication. 

Instant,  n.  Sre  Instance. 
The  moment  of  time  present 
now  or  at  a  given  period. 

Syn.  Moment.  Second.  Minute.  Twink- 
ling.   Trice. 

Ant.  Period.  Duration.  Cycle.  Time. 
Permanence.    Perpetuity.    Eternity. 

Instauration,  n.  In  and 
obsolete  staurar'',  to  establish. 
Comp.  Store  and  Restore.  Set 
Estabhsh. 

Instigate,  v.  tr.  Instirjare,  to 
urge  on  with  a  goad  or  spar: 
from  Gr.  ariCfiv,  ariyixa.      Conip. 

Stigma.     *SVt-  Urge. 

Instil,  v.  tr.  Instillare,  stillu, 
a  drop.  To  pour  or  soak  drop 
by  drop. 

Stx.  Pour.  Infuse.  Introdcoe.  lir 
port.    Implant,    insinuate. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


229 


Airr.  Diain.  Strain.  Extract  Kradi- 
«te.    Kxtirpate.     Kliminate.    Remove. 

Instinct,  «.  Jnstingnerc,  to 
prick  in,  or  impuncturc.  A  sense 
of  practical  expedients,  as  it  were, 
impunctured  in  the  nature. 

Stx.  PrompUug.  Impulse.  Intuition. 
Inclination. 

Ant.  Reason.  Reasoning.  Abstraction. 
Deliberation.  Kxperience.  Experimfent. 
Elaboration.    Judgment. 

Institute,  v.  tr.  Jnstiiuere, 
to  instifnte.  Applied  to  the  in- 
stitution and  the  person  insti- 
tuted. 

Sin.  Found.  Establish.  Erect.  In- 
vest.    Instal.    Appoint.     Induct. 

AST.  Disestablisli.  Subvert.  Disiuvest. 
Degrade.    Deprive. 

Institutor,  11.    See  Institute. 

Instruct,  v.  tr.  Jnstniere, 
atrudus,  to  lay  a  foundation  (of 
knowledge). 

Stn-.  Enli-jhten.  Educate  Inform.  In- 
doctrinate.   Acquaint.    Teach.    Edify. 

AsT.  Misinform.  Miseducate.  Misin- 
struct.  Misguide.  Mislead.  Misacquaint. 
Deceive.    Neglect.    Barbarize.    Brutalize. 


Unpermissible.     Un- 
AUowable.  Endurable. 


Instruction,  n. 
Instructor, n. 


See  Instruct. 
Stc  Instnict. 


Instrument,  n.     See  Instruct.  ■  ^^,.|„i,i„ 
That  which  is  employed  as  the    P^^^^'^^^t 


Stn.  Resistent.  Recalcitrant.  Rebel- 
lious.   Undutiful.    Refractory. 

ANT.  Submissive.  Imtiful.  Docile.  Obe- 
dient. 

Insubstantial,  adj.  See  Sub- 
stantial. 

Insubstantiality,  n.  See  Sub- 
stantial. 

Insufferable,  adj.  See  Suffer. 

Syx.    Intolerable 
allowable. 

AST.  Tolerable. 
Supportable. 

Insufficient,  adj.  See  SuflB- 
cient. 

IssuLSE,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
sahits,  salt — in  Jlavour  or  in  u'it 
See  Insipid. 

Insult,  v.  tr.  TnsiJire,  sidtns, 
to  leap  upon  in  ussaidt.  Meta- 
phorically, to  trample  on  a  per- 
son's self-respect. 

Sts.    Affront.       Outrage.       Dishonour 
I  Provoke.    Mock.    Ridicule. 
I        AsT.  Respect.    Salute.   Honour.    Praisa 
I  Flatter.    Compliment.    Gratify. 

j     Insult,  n.    See  Insult,  verl. 
I     Insuperable,  adj.    See  Supe- 
i  rable. 
!     Insupportable,  adj.    See  Sup- 


floor,  basis,  i^ivot,  or  hinge  of 
action  or  proceeding.  Applied 
to  things  mechanical  and  legal. 

Srs.  Implement.  Utensil.  Tool.  Docu- 
ment.   Deed.    Record.    Munimeni.    Means. 

AST.  Misapplication.  Counteraction. 
Counteragent.  Neutralizer.  Opponent. 
B;»r.    Obstruction.    Preventive.    Stop. 

Instrumentality,  n.  See  In- 
strument. 

Sn;.  Agency.  Intervention.  Medium. 
■  Use.     Employment.    Means. 

Ajtt.  Non-intervention.  Spontaneity. 
Efficacy.  Virtue.  Prop?rty.  Quality. 
Force.    Counteragency.    Neutralization. 

In  SUAVITY,  n.    See  Suavity. 
Insubopj)inate,  adj.    See  Sub- 
ordinate, 


Insuppressible,  adj.  See  Sup- 
pressible. 

Insure,  v.  tr.  In  and  sure, 
from  secnrus,  secure. 

Syn.    Provide.     Slabilitate.     Guarantee. 

Shake. 


V/arranf. 
Imperil. 


Jeopardize. 


Secure. 

AST. 

Stake. 

Insurgent,  n.  In,  on  or 
against,  and  surgere,  to  rise.  Qne 
who  rises  up  in  rebellion. 

Sts.  Malcontent.  Rebel.  Traitor.  Mu- 
tineer.   Rioter. 

AST.  Patriot.  Adherent.  Supporter. 
Constabulary.  Executive.  Ruler.  Magis- 
trate. 


Insurmountable,    adj. 
Sui-niountable. 


See 


230 


Insureection, 
gent. 

Stn.  Kebellion.  Rising.  Riot.  Anarchy. 
Tumult.  Mutiny.  Emeute.  Pionounce- 
ment. 

Ant.  Law.  Peace.  Order.  Obedience. 
Government.  Submission.  Subjection. 
Servitude.  Bondage.  Subsidence.  Pacifi- 
cation.   Acquiescence. 

Insusceptible, 
ceptible. 

Intact,    adj.      In,    not 
tactus,  from  tangere,  touched. 

Syn.  Pure.  Undefiled.  Uncontaminafed. 
Uncorrupted.  Safe.  Uninjured.  Unhurt. 
Scatheless.    Inviolate.    Sacred. 

Ant.  Foul.  Defiled.  Contaminated. 
Corrupt.  Hurt.  Injured.  Affected. 
Touched. 

Intangible,  adj.  See  Tangi- 
ble. 

Integrate,  v.  tr.  Integer, 
whole.  Comp.  Entire.  To  make 
"whole,  or"  into  a  whole. 

Stn.  Sum.  Complete.  Solidify.  Conso- 
lidate. 

Ant.  Disintegrate.  Discompound.  Ana- 
lyze. Dismember.  Amputate.  Disunite. 
Detach.    Remove. 

Integration,  n.  See  Inte- 
grate. 

Integrity,  n.  See  Integrate. 
That  entireness  of  character 
■".vhich  tends  to  ]Dreserve  man's 
relations  to  liis  fellows. 

Si-N.    Uprightness.     Honour.     Honesty. 
Candour.    Single- 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms 
.     See   Insiir 


dj.     See  SlTS- 
and 


Under- 
Fraud. 


Probity.     Truthfulness, 
mindedness.    Coiiscientiou->ness. 

Am.      Unfairness.       Sleight, 
handedness.    Meanness.    Chicanery 
Duplicity.    Roguery.    Rascality. 

Integument,  n.  In  and  te- 
gere,  to  cover.  Used  of  snch 
coverings  as  are  afforded  not  by 
art,  but  nature. 

Syn.  Covering.  Protection.  Knvelo])c. 
Crust. 

Ant.  Nudity.  Bareness.  Callowncss. 
Abrasion.    E.xposure. 

Intellect,  n.   I'tellectus,  in- 
telligere,  to  tiuderdand. 

Syn.    Understanding.      Mind 
lutinct.    'Jonsciousness. 


Ant.  Mattov.  Mechanism.  Organiza- 
tion. Force.  Growth.  Pr^pension.  Pas- 
sion. 

Intelligence,  n.  See  Intel- 
lect. Used  in  the  twofold  sense 
of  the  faculty  of  understanding, 
and  that  which  is  submitted  to  it 
in  the  way  of  tidings. 

Syn.  Understanding.  Apprehension. 
Comprehension.  Conception.  Announce- 
ment. Report.  Rumour.  Tidings.  News. 
Information.    Publication. 

Ant.  Misunderstanding.  Misinformation. 
Misapprehension.  Misconception.  Stupidity. 
Dulness.  Suppression.  Ignorance.  Dark- 
ness. Concealment.  Silence.  Non-publi- 
cation. Misguidance.  Misintelligence. 
Misreport. 

Intelligible,  adj.  See  Intel- 
lect. That  may  l)c  ea.sily  under- 
stood.    See  Inscrutable. 

Intemperate,  adj.  See  Tem- 
perate. 

Intend,  v.  tr.  Intendere.  To 
stretch  towards  an  object  men- 
tally, with  tbe  purpose  of  action. 
See  Purpose. 

Intensity,  n.    See  Intend. 

Syn.  Tension.  Force.  Strain.  Atten- 
tion. Eagerness.  Ardour.  Energy.  Con- 
centration. 

Ant.  Laxity.  Debility.  Relaxation. 
Languor.  Indiiference.  Coolness.  Hebe- 
tude.   Diminution. 

Intent,  adj.  Used  in  the 
sense  of  intending.     See  Intend. 

Syn.  Eager.    Fixed.    Bent. 

Ant.  Indififerent.    Distracted.    Diverted. 

Intention,  n.  See  Intend  and 
Purpo.sc. 

Intentional, 
tend. 

Syn.  Purposed.    Designed.    Deliberate. 
Ant.    Undesigned.      Casual.      Uninten- 
tional.   Accidental.    Fortuitous. 

Inter.     In  and  terra,  the  earth, 

Sy.\.  Bury.    Inhiimo. 
Ant.  Exiiumi".    Disinter. 

Intercede,  r.  tr.  Intercedere. 
To  go  between,  for  the  implied 
purpose  of  making  some  petitioc 


adj.       See    In- 


Synomjms  and  Antonyms. 


231 


on  behalf  of  another.  To  go  be- 
tween the  stronger  and  the 
weaker  party.  Followed  by  the 
2yrcp.  for. 

SvN.  Mediate.  Interpose.  Interfere. 
Adviicate.     Plead. 

Ant.  Abandon.  Incriminate.  Cliarge. 
Inculpate.    Accuse. 

Interoept,  V.  tr.  Intel'  and 
capcre,  to  take  or  catch.  To  catch 
a  thing  or  person  on  a  certain 
course. 

Syn.  Arrest.  Stop.  Catch.  Seize.  Neu- 
tralize. 

Ant.  Send.  Despatch.  Forward.  De- 
pute. Commission.  Delegate.  Exchange. 
Interchange.    Intercommunicate. 

Intercession,  n.  See  Inter- 
cede. 

Interchange,  n.  See  Change. 
A  giving  and  taking  between  two 
parties. 

Syn.  Barter.  Reciprocation.  Recipro- 
city. Intercommunication.  Correspondence. 
Intercourse.    Mutuality. 

Ant.  See  Intercept. 

Interchange,  v.    See  noun. 

Intercommunication,  n.  See 
Interchange. 

Intercourse,  n.  Inter,  he- 
tiveen,  and  cursua,  a  course  (of 
deahng).     Used  of  two  parties. 

Stn.  Correspondence.  Dealing.  Inter- 
communication. 

Ant.  Reticence.  Suspension.  Cessation. 
Disconnection.  Interception.  Interpella- 
tion. 

Inteecuerence,  •«.  See  Inter- 
coiarse. 

Srt'.  Intervention.  Intrusion.  Inter- 
venience.    Interception. 

Ant,  Non-intervention.  Unobstructed- 
ness.    Non-interception. 

Interdict,  v.  tr.  Irder^dkere, 
dictus.  To  come  authoritatively 
with  proliibition  between  a  party 
and  the  thing  prohibited.  Used 
actively  of  things  and  persona. 

Srs.  Prohibit.  Restrain.  Kstop.  Dis- 
allow. 


Inteeest.  Interesse.  To  como 
between,  so  as  to  make  or  show 
a  difference.  As  in  the  phrase, 
'  It  makes  a  gxeat  difference  to 
me,'  meaning,  my  interest  is 
much  affected.  Hence  the  na- 
tural feeling  about  such  cases, 
namely,  anxiety  or  attention. 
Used  technically  for  the  aggre- 
gation of  persons  commonly  con- 
cerned, as, '  the  agricultural  inte- 
rest,' and  other  technical  senses. 

Stn.  Concern.  Business.  Advantage. 
Profit.  Attention.  Curiosity.  Behalf. 
Cause. 

Ant.  Unconcern.  Disconnection.  Repu- 
diation. Disadvantage.  Loss.  Inattention. 
Incuriosity.    Indifference. 

Inteefere,  V.  tr.  Inter  and 
ferire,  to  strike.  To  strike  in  be- 
tween two  contending  parties  to 
stop  them.  The  word  still  re- 
tains the  element  of  opposition, 
but  is  sometimes  used  in  no 
sense  of  opposition.  In  these 
cases  there  is  commonly  a  quali- 
fication, as, '  he  interfered  to  save 
him.' 

Syn.  S'ec  Interpose. 

Interior,  adj.    Lat. 

Syn.  Inside.    Inner. 
Ant.  Exterior.    Outside. 

Interjacent,  adj.  Inter  and 
jacere,  to  he.  Lying  between. 
See  Intermediate. 

Interject.  Interjicere,  to  throio 
between.     See  Inject. 

Interlace,  v.  tr.  and  int.  In- 
ter and  kice.     Lat.  laqueus. 

Stn.  Cross.  Reticulate.  Intertwine. 
Interweave. 

Ant.  Radiate.  Diverge.  Unravel.  Dis- 
connect. 

Interlocution,  n.  Inter  and 
loqui,  to  speak. 

SiTi.  Interruption.    Interpellation. 
Ant.   Speech.     Orition.     Flow.     Unia- 

terruptedness. 

Interlopeh    *?.      Inter   and 


AJnf.  Concede.    Indulge.   Grant.   Adow  1  Dtltch  loopen,  to  run. 


232 


Smomjins  and  Anionyms. 


Stn.  Intruder.    Supernumerary. 
AxT.  Member.    Constituent. 

Intermeddle,  v.  inf.  See 
Meddle. 

Intermediate,  (-/c/y.  Inter  and 
mediuf^,  III  iijillf.  Coming  between. 
Used  pliysically  and  metaphy- 
sically. 

Stn.  Intervening.  Included.  Inter- 
posed.    Middle.    Comprised.    Moderate. 

A  XT.  Circumjacent.  Surrounding.  En- 
closing. Embracing.  Outside.  Extreme. 
Excluded.    Exclusive. 

Interment,  n.    See  Inter. 

Interminable,  a«?y.  In,  not, 
and  terminus,  an  end  or  limit. 

Stn.  Unending.  Everlasting.  Perpe- 
tr,al.    Endless.    Infinite. 

AST.  Terminable.  Brief.  Moderate. 
Curt.    Short.    Idomentarj-. 


int. 


See 


Intermingle, 
Mingle. 

Intermission,  n.  Inter  and 
inittere,  to  send  or  place.  Pe- 
riodical delay  or  cessation. 

Svx.  Cessation.  Interruption.  Discon- 
tinuance.   Suspension.    Recurrence. 

Ant.  Continuity.  Continuance.  Perma- 
nence. Perpetuity.  Constancy.  Uninter- 
ruptedness. 

Intermit,  v.  tr.  See  Inter- 
mission. 

Stx.  Suspend.  Piclax.  Break.  Discon- 
tinue. 

AST.  Continue.  Prosecute.  Urge.  Dis- 
patch. 

Intermix,  v.  tr.     See  ]\Iix. 

Intermtjtation,  n .  In  ter  and 
mutare,  to  chanrje.  A  mutual 
variation. 

Stn.  Intervariation.  Interdiscrepancy. 
Jterreciprocity.    Interchange.    Mutuality. 

Ast.  Unity.  Uniformity.  Intcrresist- 
ance.    Interdependence. 

Internal,  adj.    Lat.  in  tern  us. 

Stn.  ]nner.    Interior.    Inside. 
Aut.  Outer.    Exterior.    Outside. 

International,  adj.  Infer 
and  nafio,  a  nation. 

Stn.  Interpolitical.    Interdlplomatic. 

AST.  liKkpendcnt.  N^n-lnterventlre. 
intBetlne     Domestic 


[  Internecine,  adj,  Jntev  and 
!  vecinus,  ?/e.r,  necis,  death,  deadh/. 
j  Commonly  used  as  an  epithet  of 
!  war,  hatred,  or  hostility. 

Stn.  Exterminating.  Deadly.  Irrecor.- 
cileable.    Inextinguishable. 

Ant.  Desultory.  Incursive.  Marau.i- 
ing.  Bucci\neering.  Freebooting.  Fili- 
bustering.   Skirmishing.    Guerilla. 

Interpellation,  n.  Inter- 
pcllare,  to  interrupt. 

Srx.  Interlocution.  Suspension.  Inter- 
ference. 

Ant.  Promotion.  Prosecution.  Conduct. 
Flow.    Uninterruptedness. 

Interpenetration,  n.  Inter- 
penetrare.  The  mutual  penetra- 
tion of  two  things. 

Srs.  Interingression.  Interdigitation. 
Dovetail.     Inoculation. 

Ant.  Interseparation.  Interrecurrence. 
Interdivergence. 

Interpolate,  v.  tr.  Inter 
and  folire,  tofurlish. 

Syn.  Interlard.  Interweave.  Import. 
Garble.  Gloss.  Intersperse.  Furbish.  In- 
troduce. 

Ant.  Expunge.  Elide.  Erase.  Verify. 
Authenticate.    Expurgate. 

Interpose,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  In- 
ter and  ponere,  to  place.  Used  as 
act.  and  neut. 

Stn.  Introduce.  Insert.  Intervene.  In- 
terfere.   Meddle. 

Ast.  AVithdraw.  Retract.  Retire.  Re- 
cede.   Remove.    Extract. 

Interpret,  v.  tr.  Interpre- 
tari,  interpres,  an  interpreter. 

Srs.  Translate.  Render.  Construe. 
Explain.  Expound.  Expone.  Represent. 
Declare.    Understand. 

AST.  Misinterpret.  ]Hisunderstand.  Mis- 
take. IMisconceive.  Falsify.  Distort.  Mis- 
declare.    Misrepresent. 

Interpreter,  n.  See  Inter- 
pret. 

Interrogate,  v.  tr.  Itdtrro- 
gure.     See  Question. 

Interrupt,  v.  tr.     Inter  and 

rumpere  ;  riiptuR,  to  break, 

Stn.    Break.     Disconnect.     Discontinue. 

Intersect    Disturb. 

Akt.  Continue.    Prosecute,    txjiedite. 


Synonyms  and  Aniomjms, 


233 


Intersect,  v.  tr.  and  int.  In-  \ 
tcr  and  secure,  sictas,  to  cut.  S(e  j 
Interlace. 

Intersperse^  ?■.  tr.  Inter  and 
!>2Mrf/erp,  spa7-suii,  to  scatter. 

Stn.  Interlard.    Powder.    Scatter. 

Ant.  E.xpunge. 

Interstice,  n.  Inter  andsts- 
tere,  to  stcnid. 

Sts.  Chink.  Interval.  Cleft.  Cranny. 
Fissure.    Gap.     Interspace.    Crack. 

Ant.  Seam.     Suture.     Stop-gap. 

Intertwine.  Inter  and  twine. 
Conn,  with  Two  and  Twain.  >See 
Interlace. 

Interval,  «.  Inter  and  val- 
his,  a  stake  or  palisade.  A  me- 
diate portion  of  time  or  space, 
or  a  selected  portion. 

Syn.  Interim.  Meantime.  Period.  Gap. 
Intermission.    Interspace.    Ces.sation. 

Ant.  Continuity.  Simultaneousuess.  Un- 
interruptedness. 

Intervention.  Inter  and  ve- 
nire, to  come.  Used  of  sjiace, 
order,  and  time. 

SrN.  Intrusion.  Insinuation.  Inter- 
ference.   Intercession.    Mediation. 

Ant.  Continuance.  Non-intervention. 
Uninterruptedness.    Non-interference. 

Interview,    n.       Inter  and 

vieiv,   from    videre,    to    see.  A 

formal    meeting    between  two 
per.sons. 

Syn.  Colloquy.  Confabulation.  Con- 
sultatioB.     Conference.     Jleeting. 

Akt.  Isolation.  Independence.  Exclu- 
sion.   Avoidance. 

Interweave.  Lat.  prep,  in- 
Ur,  and  verb  to  weave.  See  In- 
terlace. 

Intestate,  adj.  Iniestatus. 
Without  a  will.  Applied  to 
persons  and  property.  In,  not, 
and  testari,  to  make  a  will,  from 
testis,  a  vritness. 

Sts.  Unwilled.  Undevised.  Unbe- 
(laeathed. 

Ant.  WiUed.    Bequeathed.    Devised. 

Intestine,  adj.  Intatinus, 
from  intus,  within. 


Civil.    Domestic. 
il.       Foreign.       interaa* 


Stn.  Interior. 
Ant.      Extern 

tioiial 

Inthrall,  v.  To  keep  in 
thrall,  or  bring  into  thraldom. 

Syn.  Confine.  Cage.  Imprison.  Incar- 
cerate.    Intomb.    Enslave. 

Ant.  Liberate.  Release.  Disengage. 
Free.    Unfetter. 

Intimate,  v.  tr.  Intinms,  in- 
most.  To  give,  first,  confiden- 
tial, and,  secondarily,  as  now 
used,  ordinary  information. 

Syn.  Impart.  Communiaite.  Announce. 
Declare.     Tell. 

Anx.  Reserve.  Repress.  Conceal.  WitU- 
hold. 

Intimate,  adj.  Intimus,  in- 
most. 

SrN.  Close.    Familiar.    Exact.    Nice. 
ANT.  Distant.     Unfamiliar.    Superficial. 

Intimidate,  v.  tr.  In  and 
timidus,  timid  or  frightened. 
Especially  with  some  pm-pose  of 
causing  to  act,  or  to  deter. 

Stn.  Frighten.  AlaiTU.  Threaten. 
Deter. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Inspirit.  Animate. 
Reassure. 

Intolerable,  adj.  In,  not, 
and  tolerare,  to  bear.  See  Insuf- 
ferable. 

Intolerant,  adj.  See  Tole- 
rant. 

Intomb,  v.  tr.  In  and  Low 
Lat.  tumba,  a  tomb.  Used  lite- 
rally and  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Inter.  Bury.  Inhume.  lucarce 
rate.    Imprison.    Immure. 

Ant.  Kxhumc.  Disinter.  Disentomb. 
Liberate.    Release. 

Intonation,  n.  In  and  tonus, 
a  tone  or  note.  A  sound,  by  use 
restricted  to  the  voice,  though 
tone  is  used  of  musical  instru- 
ments also,  which  can  be  re- 
duced to  a  musical  note. 

Stn.  Melody.  Accentuation.  Reso:i« 
aace.    Ring. 

Ant.  Jar.  Jabber.  Gabble.  Babeli 
G.bber.    Rattle. 

Intoxication,    ''.       In    anl 


Synon^  ms  and  Antonyms. 


234 

toxieum,   poison.       To   poison   or  I    .  .>*T-    Extrinsic        Acquired.      Advew 
,         re     1.  1       ±.1.     JL  r  1      titious.      Borrowed.       PretendeU.      Asciti- 

to  affect,  as  by  the  fumes  of  such  |  jious     External.    Added     Assumed. 

herbs,  and  so  impart  a  sensation       Introduce,  v.  tr.     See  Intro- 
of  di'owsmess,  on  the  one  hand, 
or    delicious    pleasure,    on    the 
other. 

Sr>-.  Poison.  Venom.  Obfuscation.  Be- 
wilderment. Delirium.  Hallucination.  Ra- 
vishment.   Ecstasy.    Inebriation. 

AxT.  Antidote.  Clarification.  Sobriety. 
Sanity.  Ebriety.  ilelancholy.  Depres- 
sion. 


Intractable,  adj.  See  Tract- 
able. 

Intraxsient,  adj.  See  Tran- 
sient. 

Intrenchment,  n.  In  and 
trench.  The  word  is  used  for 
that  -R-hich  is  trenched,  for  tlie 

piU'pOSe  of  trenchiuc:,  and  also  in  |  Allenative.   supplemental.  Terminal.    Vale- 

a  pecuUar  sense  for  the  i^ndue  1  ^^-^  j  .^^^.^ 

carrsins;  on    of  the  process  of  _Jr 


duction. 

Introduction,  n.  Intro,  u-ith- 
in,  and  diicere,  to  briny. 

Stn.  Induction.  Importation.  Leading. 
Taking.  Presentation.  Insertion.  Com- 
mencement. Preliminary.  Preface.  Ini- 
tiative. Portico.  Vestibule.  Entrance. 
Gate. 

Akt.  Eduction.  Extraction.  Exporta- 
tion. Elimination.  i;iection.  Encircle- 
ation.  Estrangement.  Conclusion.  Com- 
pletion.   End.    Egress. 

Introductory,  adj.  See  In- 
troduction. 

Srx.  Trefatory.  Initiatory.  Commenda- 
tory. Precursoiy.  Preliminary.  Prepa- 
ratorv. 

Ant.    Completive.     Final.     Conclusive. 


carrsing  on    oi  ine  pr 
trenching,  so  as  to  encroach,  as 
it  were,  on  land  not  your  own. 

Stk.  Ditcb.  Dyke.  Sloat.  Circumval- 
lation.  Encroachment.  Infringement.  Tres- 
pass. 

Akt.  "Wall.  Rampart.  Mound.  Jlole. 
Embankment.  Glacis.  Bastion.  Forbear- 
ance.   Deference.    Respect. 

Intrepid,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
trepidus,  afraid.     See  Courage. 

Intricate,  adj.  See  Extri- 
cate, verb. 

Sin.  Complicated.  Involved.  Mazy. 
Labyrinthine.    Entangled.    Tortuous. 

AKT.  Simple.  Uninvolved.  Plain. 
Direct.    Obvious. 

Intrigue,  n.    See  Intricate. 

SrK.  Cabal.  Plot.  Conspiracy,  ilachi- 
nation.  Artifice.  Design.  Manoeuvres. 
Cunning.  Duplicity.  Trickery.  Chi- 
canery. 

AST.  Insurrection.  Rebellion.  Con- 
gress. Assembly.  Force.  Violence.  As- 
sault. Opeimess.  Candour.  Sincerity. 
Honesty.     Probity,      Straight-forwardness. 

Intrinsic,  adj.  Intrinsecus, 
intra,  ivithin. 

Sis.  Native.  Inherent.  Innate.  Ge- 
DGiue.    Immanent. 


and  vert  ere,  to  turn.    To  turn  the 
outside  inwards. 

Stx.  Involve.    Invert.    P^eplicate. 
AST.   Explicate.     Evolve.     Encircleate. 
Eliminate. 

Intrude,  v.  tr.  and  int.  In 
and  trudere,  to  thrust  or  tread. 
See  Interpose  and  Interfere. 

Intrusion,  n.    See  Intrude. 

Intuition,  n.  Intuitio,  tueri, 
to  look  or  see.  The  faculty  of  di- 
rectly apprehending,  withoiit  the 
medium  of  any  information  or 
leaming. 

Svx.  Instinct.  Apprehension.  Recogni- 
tion.   Insight. 

Ant.  Information.  Instruction.  Leam- 
ing. Elaboration.  Acquirement.  Induc- 
tion.   Experience. 

Intuitive,  adj.    See  Intuition. 

Intumescence,  n.  In  and  tn- 
luescere,  to  sirdl. 

SvN.  Swelling.  Protuberance.  Turges- 
cence. 

j\j>T.  Subsidence.  Evenness.  Attenua- 
tion.   Concavity. 

Intwine,  V.  tr.  See.  lutcrtwinG. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


23i 


Sth.  Twist.  V/ieat'n.  Plait.  Inter- 
Iftce.     Braid.     Bind. 

Ant.  Untwist.  Disengage.  Untie.  Un- 
lace.   Unravel.    Unbind. 

Inundate,  v.  tr.  In  ani  imda, 
tvavr. 

Stn.  Overflow.  Submerge.  Deluge. 
Flood. 

Ant.  Drain.  Keclaim.  Dry.  Desiccate. 
Parcli. 

Inurbanitt,  n.  See  Urba- 
nity. 

Inuee,  v.  tr.  In  and  urere,  to 
(jive  extreme  effects  of  heat  and  cold. 
See  Accustom. 

iNUSiTATioy,  n.     See  Use. 

Inutility,  n.    See  Utility. 

Invade,  v.  tr.  In,  on,  and 
vadere,  to  go.  Used  of  forcible  or 
rude  ingress. 

Stn.  Attaclj.  Assault.  Encroach.  Oc- 
cupy. 

Ant.  Vacate.  Abandon.  Evacuate. 
Kelinquish. 

Invasion,  n.  See  Invade  and 
Incm-sion. 

Invective,  n.  In  and  vehi,  to 
he  carried,  expresses  being  carried 
along  the  stream  of  eloquent 
abuse. 

Stn.  Obloquy.  Denunciation.  Casti- 
gation.    Vituperation.   Reprobation.    Abuse. 

Ant.  Commendation.  Encomium.  Eulogy. 
Tanegyrio.    Laudation. 

Inveigh,  v.  inf.  See  Invec- 
tive. Used  with  the  prep. 
against. 

Syn.  Denounce.  Reprobate.  Attack. 
Vituperate.    Abuse. 

Ant.  Exculpate.  Advocate.  Defend. 
Laud.    Eulogize.    Panegyrize. 

Inveigle,  v.  tr.  In  and  Fr. 
aveugle.  Mind.  To  lead  astray 
as  if  blind.    See  Decoy. 

Invent,  v.  tr.  Invenirc,  in- 
ventus, to  findj  out. 

Syn.  Discover.  Contrive.  Imaiine. 
Concoct.  Elaborate.  Conceive.  Dtsign. 
Devise.    Fabricate.    Originate. 

Ant.  Imitate.  Copy.  K\ecute.  lie- 
prodate. 


Inventive,  adj.  &«  Invent 
and  Ingenious. 

Inversion,  n.  In  and  vertere. 
Applies  to  state,  relation,  and 
order. 

Stn.  Reversal.  Deflection.  Alteration. 
Permutation.    Violation.    Transposition. 

Ant.  Veiticality.  Erectnesj.  Stability. 
Permanence.  Persistence.  Conservation. 
Sequence.    Fixity.    State.    Order. 

Invest,  v.  tr.    See  Divest. 

Investigate,  v.  tr.     In  and 

vestigium,  a  footprint.  To  track 
closely.     See  Examine. 

Investiture,  «.,  Investment, 
n.  See  Divest.  Invest  is  used  in 
a  teclmical  sense  when  it  means, 
in  financial  matters,  to  secure 
capital,  and,  in  military  matters^ 
to  lay  siege. 

Inveterate,  adj.  In  vete- 
rascere,  to  grow  old,  and  so  rooted. 
It  is  applied  both  to  persons  and 
habits. 

SvN.  Confirmed.  Ingrained.  Incar- 
nate. 

Ant.  Incipient.  Undeveloped.  Uu- 
foi-med. 

Invidious,  alj.  Invi,dia,envy. 
Is  now  used  of  such  proceedings 
as  shall  tend  to  raise  a  grudge 
between  the  persons  who  are  in 
any  way  the  subjects  of  the  com- 
parison. 

SvN.  Unfair.  Gratuitous.  Partial.  In- 
consideraie. 

Ant.  Fair.  Impartial.  Considerate.  Due. 
Just. 

Invigorate,    v.   tr.      In  and 

vigor,  oris,  strength,  vigour.  See 
Enervate. 

Invincible,  adj.  In,  not,  and 
vincere,  to  coii'/ner. 

Syn.  lmpregnai)lc.  Immoveable.  laes- 
pugnable.  Uusubduable.  Irresistible.  In- 
domit.ablo. 

Ant.  >\'oak.  Spiritless.  Powerless.  Tuny 
Effortless. 

Inviolable,  adj.    In,  not,  and 


236 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


violare,  vis,    violence,    to    violate. 
That  •will  not  yield  to  force. 

Stn.  Impregnable.  Invincible.  Strict. 
Immoveaoie.       Unimpeacliable.       Unalter- 

;ible. 

Ant.  Alterable.    Weak.    Frail. 

iNVloiiATE,  adj.  See  Invio- 
lable. 

Stn.  Guarded.  Treasured.  Close.  Vir- 
gin.   Intact. 

Ant.  Betrayed.  Surrendered.  Di- 
vulged. 

Invisible,  adj.     See  Visible. 
Invite,  v.  tr.     Invitare. 

Syn.  Ask.    Summon.    Call.    Challenge. 

-Vttract.  Allure.    Tempt.    Incite. 

Akt.  Forbid.     Exclude.    Discard.    De- 

iirecate.  Repel. 

Inviting,  adj.    See  Invite. 

Invoke,  v.  tr.  Tnvocare.  To 
call  to  one's  presence,  observation, 
or  protection. 

Stn.  Summon.  C.iU.  Imprecate.  Con- 
jure.   Invite.    Challenge.  [ 

Ant.  Deprecate.  Ignore.  Warn.  In-  j 
biblt.    Klude.    Defy.    Deter.  | 

Involuntary,  adj.  See  Yo-  j 
luntary. 

Involution.  J71  and  voJvere, 
"olutus,  to  turn  or  roll.  See  In- 
trovert. 

Involve,  v.  tr.  .  See  Involu- 
tion. 

Syn.  Implicate.    Confound.    Mingle. 
ksi.  Separate.    Extricate.    Disconnect. 

Involved,  adj.  See  Involu-  i 
tion. 

Syn.  Implicated.  Concerned.  Compli- 
cated.   Confused.    Compromised. 

Ant.  Unconnected.  Unconcerned.  Simple. 
Lucid.    Uncompromised. 

Invulnerable,  adj.  See  Vul- 
nerable. 

Irascible,  adj.  Irasci,  ira,  t^ 
he  angry.     See  Hasty. 

Irate,  adj.  See  Irascible  and 
Angry. 

Irk.  n.    Sec  above,  and  Wrath. 

Iridescent,  adj.  Iris,  the 
rainhou:- 


Stn.  Prismatic.  Opaline,  rqlychroic*- 
tons.    Nacreous. 

Ant.  Achromatic.  Blanched.  Neutral 
Dlngv.  Colourless.  Etiolated.  Monochro- 
matic. 

Irk,  ?•.  tr.    Scotch.    To  weary. 

Syn.  Weary.  Tire.  Tease.  Bore.  Op- 
press.   Jade. 

Ant.  Interest.  Rivet.  Animate.  Kc- 
frcKh.    Inspirit. 

Irksome,  adj.  See  Irk  and 
Tedious. 

Irony,  ik  Gr.  eipcoveia,  an  tn,- 
derstate-ment  of  truth.  In  Eng- 
lish it  signifies  rather  a  contra- 
diction under  a  mock  acquies- 
cence. The  following  words  are 
by  no  means  strict  synonjTUS. 

Stn.  Satire.  Banter.  Quiz,  Rally. 
Taunt. 

Ant.  Compliment.    Seriousness. 

Ironical,  adj.    See  Irony. 

Irradiate,  v.  tr.  In  and  ra- 
dius, a.  ray  of  light.  See  Illumi- 
nate. 

Irrational,  adj.  See  Ea- 
tional. 

Irreclaimable,  adj.  See  Ee- 
claimablc. 

Irreconcileable,  adj.  See 
Eeconcileable. 

Irrecoverable,  adj.  See  Ee- 
coverable. 

Irredeemable,  adj.  See  Ee- 
deemable. 

Irreducible,  adj.  See  Ee- 
ducible. 

Irrefragable,  adj.  S<e  Eo- 
iragable. 

Irrefutable,  ad/.  See  Ee- 
futable. 

Irregular,  adj.    See  Eegiilar. 

Irrelevant,  adj.  See  Eele- 
vant. 

Ibbbligion,  7i.    See  Ecligiou. 


Synomjma  and  Antonyms 
See  Ee- 


237 


IbREMEDIABI.K,    0.(1/. 

metliable. 

Ikremissible,    aJJ.      See   Rfi- 
niissible. 

Irresioveablb,  adj.  See  Ro- 
moveable. 

Irreparable,  «'(/'.  See  Ecpa- 
rable. 

Irreprehensible,  adj.  See 
Pieprebensibk'. 

Irrepressible,  a'JJ.  See  Ee- 
pressible. 

Irreproachable,  odj.  See 
Eeproachablc. 

Irreproveable,  adj.  See  Ee- 
proveable. 

Irresistible,  adj.  See  Ee- 
sistible. 

Irresolute,  adj  See  Eeso- 
lute. 

Irrespective,  adj.  See  Ee- 
spective. 

Irresponsible,  adj.  See  Ee- 
sponsiblc. 

Irretrievable,  adj.  See  Ee- 
t  rievable. 

Irreverexce,  adj.  Ste  Ee- 
verence. 

Irreversible,  adj.  See  Ee- 
versible. 

Irrevocable,  adj.  See  Eevo- 
cable. 

Irrigate,  v.  tr,  Irrir/are,  to 
iratei'. 

Stn.  Water.  "Wet.  Inundate.  Sub-  I 
ti;rge. 

^  AXT.  Dry.    Drain.     Parch. 

Irrigation,  ■».    See  Irrigate. 

Irritable,  adj.  Lat.  Jn-i- 
tare,  to  excite.     See  Hasty. 

Irritant,  adj.    See  Leniativc. 

Ibbitate,  v.  tr.  See  Irri- 
table. 


I'acliy.      Tamei 


Syn.  Tease.    Provoke. 
Ant.    Soothe.     Caress. 
Mollify. 

Irritation,  h.     See  Irritate. 

Irruption,  v.  In  and  rum- 
jpere,  riiptus,  to  burst  or  break. 

SvN.  Incursion.  Invasion.  Inundation. 
Inburst. 

Akt.  Eruption.  Excursion.  Sally.  Re- 
treat.    Outburst. 

Isolation,  «.  Isolare,  for  /;/- 
sulare,  to  part  off  on  all  sides  like 
an  island. 

Srsf.  Segregation.  Detachment.  Dis- 
connection. Insularity.  Self-contained, 
ness. 

Axt.  Organization.  Co-membersliip. 
Community.  Connection.  Concatenation. 
Continuity. 

Issue,  v.  A  corrnptioii  of  the 
word  e.xitus,  a  fortlicomini].  It 
is  used  in  a  variety  of  senses,  ai5 — 

Syn.  Effect.  Outcome.  Manifestation. 
End.    Result.    Progeny.    Posterity. 

Ant.  Cause.  Operation.  Working.  Prin- 
ciple. Law.  System.  Action.  Influence. 
Origination.  Commencement.  Paternity. 
Ancestry. 

Iteration,  n.  Itemm,  again. 
See  Eepetition. 

Itinerant,  adj.  Iter,  iiineris, 
a  Journey. 

Syn.  Wandering.  Travelling.  Locomo- 
tive.   Roving.     Roaming.    Journeying. 

Ant.  Stationary.  Domestic.  Fi.\fi.l 
Settled.    Allocated.    Local. 


J. 


Jabber,  n.  and 
Gibber  and  Gabble. 


Allied  to 
See  Gabble. 

Jade,  v.  tr.    From  Prov.  Eng. 
j  yaud.     Scot,  yade,  a  sorry  narj. 
Syn.    Fatigue.    'J'ire.     Weary.    0[ipreAS 
Wear. 

Ant.    Refresh.     Recruit.     Bail.     In- 
gorate.    Inspirit. 

Jangle,  n.  and  v.     Old  Fr. 
jawjler. 

Sin.    Jargon.     Bab-1.     Wrangle,     Cou 

tcDtion.     Bickering. 

,\NT.  Ar<:ument.    Debate.    Iiiscouree. 


238 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Jaktv,  wlj.  Old  Fr.  jancer,  to 
jolt  or  shake.  So  Jant  or  jaunt, 
an  excursion.   Others  from  Gentil. 

Syn.  Flighty.  Airy.  Fantastic.  Showy. 
Flaunting. 

Ant.  Staid.  Sober.  Sedate.  Demure. 
Dignified. 

Jargon-,  H.  Fr.jarr/on.  Used 
in  the  twofold  sense  of  gibberish 
or  unintelligible  language,  and  of 
the  cant  of  sj'stem  contemptu- 
ously treated  as  unintelligible. 

Stn.    Gibberish.    Jangle.    Slang.    Cant. 
A%*?.  Speech.    Conversation.    Literature. 
Discourse.    Oration.    Kloquence. 

Jaundiced,  adj.  Jaundice, 
from  Fr.  jnnne,  yellow.  Meta- 
phorically used  to  mean  seeing 
through  discoloured  media. 

Syn.  Biassed.  Prejudiced.  Warped. 
Prepossessed. 

Ant.  Unbiassed.  Unprejudiced.  Un- 
jaundiced. 

Jealous,  o'//.  Is  etymolo- 
gically  the  same  word  as  zealous, 
from  Gr.  ^riXos.  To  be  zealous 
about  one's  self  is  Often  to  be 
jealous  of  others. 

Stn.  Envious.  Self-anxious.  Covetous. 
Invidious. 

Ant.  Unenvious.  Libera!.  Genial. 
Self-denying.    Indifferent.    Unjealous. 

Jealousy,  n.    Sc  Jealous. 

Jeer,  v.  fr.  Old  Eng.  Means 
to  deride,  but  with  varying  de- 
grees of  earnestness ;  followed  by 
prep.  at. 

SvN.  Sneer.  Scoff.  Deride.  Scout. 
Flout.    JI"ck.    Rally.    Banter. 

Akt.  Flatter.  Adulate.  Fawn.  Cringe. 
Compliment.    Eulogize. 

Jejune,  adj.  Ijat.  Jejunus, 
hunfiry.  Spare,  as  from  want. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Bare.  Scant.  Poor.  Thin.  Weak. 
Barren.    Sterile.    Poverty-struck.    Bald. 

Ant.  Rich.  E.^uberant.  l!acy.  Abun- 
dant. Interesting.  Overwrought.  Redun- 
dant. 

Jeopardy,  n.  Fr.  Jeu  parti, 
a,  divided  or  divn'ii  (/ame,  or  a 
gamo  in  -^-hicb   the   chances  of 


success    were   nicely   balanced 
Afterwards,  it  was  confounded 
with  Jeit  perdu,  a  lost  f/ame. 
Syn.  Danger.    Peril.    Hazard.    Risk. 

Ant.  Sai'ety.  Security.  Provision.  In- 
surance. 

Jest,  ??.  Old  Eng.  Jest  and 
gest,  from  gestum,  a  deed.  A 
recital  of  deeds,  or  a  story  accom- 
panied by  illustrative  gesture  or 
gesticulation  for  amusement. 
Comp.  Jester.  Hence  it  cama 
to  signify  as  follows : — 

Syn.  Joke.    Raillery.    Fun.    Sport. 
Ant.  Earnest.    Seriousness.    Gravity. 

Jingle,  ii.  Formed  to  ex- 
press a  senseless  artificial  asso- 
nance of  words. 

Syn.  Rhyme.    Chime.    Tinkle.    Tingle. 
Ant.    Euphony.     Consonance.     Melody. 
Harmony. 

Jocose,  adj.  Jocosus,  Jocus,  a 
Joke. 

Syn.  Humorous.  Funny.  Jocular. 
Waggish. 

Ant.  Melancholy.  Serious.  Earnest. 
Grave.    Lugubrious.    Lackadiiisical. 

Jocular,  adj.    See  Jocose. 
JocuxD,  adj.    See  Jocose. 

Syn.  Merry.  Joyous.  Jovial.  Gay. 
Gleeful.    Blithe.sonie.    Careless. 

Ant.  Melancholy.  DulL  Grave.  Mourn- 
fill.  Sorrowful.  Darksome.  Cheerless. 
Woful.    Rueful.    Doleful.    Careworn. 

Join,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  Lat.  Ju7i- 
gere. 

Syn.  Unite.  Adhere.  Adjoin.  Add 
Couple.    Connect. 

Ant.  Separate.  Disjoin.  Subtract.  Dis- 
connect. 

Joint,  n.    See  Join. 

Syn.  Articulation.  Junction.  Flemre 
Elbow.    Knee. 

Ant.  Solution.  Disconnection.  Dl^unc- 
lion.    Uniformity.    Continuity. 

Joke,  n.  Lat.  Jocus.  See 
1  Jest. 

Jolly,  adj.  Old  Fv.JoJi.  In 
modern  Fi".  the  word  means 
pretty,  and  is  significant  of  the 
combination  in  the  national  mind 
of  liveliness  witli  attraction. 


Si/nonijms  and  Antonym? ■. 


239 


Stn.  Gay.  l^fcrry.  Joyful.  Gladsome. 
Mirthful.    Genial. 

Akt.  Sad.  aiournful.  Joyless.  Cheer- 
less. Unmii-ihfu:.  J.ufvubaious.  Morose. 
Gloomy. 

JOLLITT,  n.     See  JoUy. 

Jostle,  v.  tr.  Also  wi-itten 
justle,  irom  joust,  the  mochfiyld  of 
the  tournament. 

Stn.  Hustle.  Push.  Thrust.  Jog.  Jolt. 
Incommode. 

AUT.  Clear.  Lead.  Extricate.  Convoy. 
Escort.    Precede.    Pilot.    Attend. 

Jot,  n.  Gr.  iota,  letter  I. 
Used  metaphorically  for  a  very 
small  or  insignificant  thing  or 
qnantity. 

Sin.  Tittle.  Cipher.  Trifle.  Rush. 
Fig.  Piirticle.  Atom.  Thought.  Idea. 
Scrap.    Bit.    Morsel.    Fraction. 

Akt.  Deal.  Power.  World.  Mass. 
Light.    Load.    Ocean. 

Jovial.  Jupiter,  Jove.  Of  the 
temper  stipposed  to  belong  to 
those  born  under  the  planet 
Jupiter.     Comp.  Saturnine. 

Stx.  Jolly.    Genial.    Convivial. 
Ant.   Ungenial.     Melancholy.     Uncon- 
vivial.    Saturnine.    Lugubrious.    Gloomy. 

Jot.  Lat.  gaudium,  through 
Fr.  joie. 

Syn.  Gladness.  Pleasure.  Delight. 
Happiness.  Exultation.  Transport.  Feli- 
city. Ecstasy.  Kapture.  Bliss.  Gaiety. 
Mirth.    Merriment.    Festivity.    Hilarity. 

Ant.  Sorrow.  Pain.  Trouble.  Misery. 
Melancholy.  Grief.  Affliction.  Tears. 
Depression.    Despondency.    Despair. 

JoTFUL,  adj.,  Joyless,  adj., 
Joyous,  adj.    See  Joy. 

Jubilant,  adj.  Heb.  yohel, 
the  blast  of  a  trumjjet.  Celebra- 
tion of  the  year  of  jubilee,  a 
sabbatical  year  of  every  fiftieth 
anniversary.  Seven  weeks  of 
seven  years  making  forty-nine, 
and  the  fiftieth  being  the  year 
of  jubilee. 

Sth.  Joyous.  Triimipbanl.  Festive. 
Congratulatory.    Exultant. 

Ant.  Doleful.  Moumful.  Sorrowful. 
Wailing.  Penitent.  Penitentiai  Lugu- 
brious.   Remorseful. 


Jubilee,  n.    See  Jubilant. 

Stn.  Holiday.  Feast.  Rejoicing.  Mer- 
riment. Festivity.  Revel.  Pa;au.  Cami- 
val.    High-day. 

Akt.  Fast.  Humiliation.  Mourning. 
Penitence.    Lent. 

Judge,  «.  Judex.  A  per.son 
officially  appointed,  or  selected 
by  agreement,  or  naturally  com- 
petent, to  decide  on  a  given 
question. 

Syn.  Justice.  Magistrate.  Arbitrator. 
Umpire.  Referee.  Critic.  Connoisseur. 
Authority. 

Ant.     Criminal.       Ignoiamus.       Tyro. 

Novice. 

Judgment,  1?.  >See  Judge.  Is 
used  in  the  senses  of  the  process 
of  judging,  the  faculty  of  judging, 
the  faculty  of  judging  rightly, 
and  the  result  of  judging. 

Stn.  Decision.  Determination.  Adju- 
diGition.  Sagacity.  Judiciousness.  Pene- 
tration. Sense.  Intellect.  Belief.  Esti- 
mation.   Opinion.    Sentence.    Verdict. 

Ant.  Argument.  Consideration.  Specu- 
lation. Proposition.  Inquiry.  Investiga- 
tion. Pleading.  Insagacity.  Injudicious- 
ness.    Evidence.    Pronunciation. 

Judicious,  adj.  See  Judge. 
Able  to  judge  rightly  concerning 
the  expedient. 

Stn.  Wise.  Sagacious.  Sensible.  Prudent. 
Discreet.  Well-judged.  Well-advised.  Polite 
Expedient. 

Ant.  Foolish.  Unwise.  Silly.  Impru 
dent.  Indiscreet.  Ill-judged.  Ill-advised 
Impolitic.    Inexpedient.    Kash.    Blind.    In 

Juggle,  v.  tr.  and  iuf.  Lat 
Jocidari,  to  Johe  or  deceive.  It  has 
come  to  express  underhanded- 
ncss  in  word  or  deahng,  and 
in  both  act.  and  neut.  senses. 
The  combination  of  ideas  is  seen 
in  Juggler,  by  whom  men  are 
both  taken  in  and  also  amused. 

Stn.  Conjure.  Cheat.  Bamboozle.  Shuffle. 
Trick.  Beguile.  Circumvent  Swindle. 
Overreach.    Mystify.     Mislead. 

Ant.  Expose,  Detect.  Correct.  En- 
lighten.  Guide.  Lead.  Undeceive.  His- 
ilUssionize. 

Jumble,  v.   tr.     Fr.   comhler 


240 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Lat.  cumidare,  to  throio  into  con- 
fused masses  or  heaps.  See  Ar- 
range. 

Junction,  n.  Junctlo,  jun- 
fjere,  to  join. 

Stn.  Joining.  Connection.  Union.  Com- 
bination. Coaiition.  Attachment.  Fasten- 
ing.   Annexation. 

AST.  Separation.  Disconnection.  Dis- 
union. Division.  Segregation.  Dispersion. 
Loosenint;.  Unfastening.  Unilortnity. 
Continuii}'. 

JcNCTUEE,  It.  Is  used  dis- 
tinctively from  Junction  to  ex- 
press a  i^eculiar  combination  of 
events,  or  a  crisis.  *b'ee  Con- 
juncture. 

Junior,  adj.  Lat.  juvenls, 
junior.     Younger. 

Stx.  Younfrer. 
AJiT.  Senior.     Elder. 

Jurisdiction,  n.  Jus,  juris, 
right  or  justicp,  and  dicer e,  to 
declare.  The  particular  province 
or  locality  of  a  judge,  magistrate, 
or  court,  or  the  exercise  of  his 
office. 

Stn.  Administration.  Cogaizance.  Go- 
vernment. Control.  Power.  Legalizatioa 
Magistracy.    Sway.    Liability. 

AiJT.  Freedom.  Independence.  Exemp- 
tion.   ImmuQity. 

Just.  Justus.  Sec  Jurisdic- 
tion. Is  used  of  physical  adapta- 
tion as  well  as  of  conformity  to 
right  between  man  and  man,  and 
of  things  of  thought  and  argu- 
ment. 

Sin.  E.\act.  Fitting.  Proportioned. 
Trui-.  Ilarnionious.  Honest.  Fair.  Rea- 
sonable. Sound.  Honourable.  Impartial. 
Equitable.  Upright.  Regular.  Mormal. 
Orderly.    Lawful. 

Ant.  Inexact.  Misfitted.  Dispropor- 
tioiied.  Ill-proportioned.  Untrue.  Inhar- 
monious. Unfair.  Unreasonable.  Un- 
Boand.  Dislionourable.  Partial.  Unequit- 
able. Unjust.  Irregular.  Abnormal.  Dis- 
orderly. 

Justice,  ».  Justitia,  Justus, 
just, 

Stk.  Equity.  Impartiality.  Fairness. 
Bight.    KeasonablencBs.    Propriety. 


AST.  Injustice.  Wr)ng.  Partiality 
Unfairness.  Unreasonableness.  Unlawful- 
ness.   Inadequateness. 

Justification,  n.  Justus,  justt 
and  fucere,  to  mafce.  The  mak- 
ing or  proving  right  or  just.  It 
is  applied  to  persons'  conduct, 
opinions,  proceedmgs,  and  senti- 
ments. 

Sts.    Vindication.     Apology.  Defence. 

Advocacy.  Maintenance.  Plea.  Exonera- 
tion.    Exculpation. 

AST.  Condemnation.  Censure.  Convic- 
tion. Protest.  AbanJcnment.  Inculpa- 
tion. Crimination.  Implication.  Aggra- 
vation. 

Justify,  v.  tr.  See  Justifica- 
tion. 

JusTLE,  V.  tr.    See  Jostle. 

Juvenile,  adj.  Lat.  Juvenis, 
young. 

Sts.  Youlbful.  Young.  Infantine. 
Boyish.  Girli;-h.  Early.  Immature.  Ado- 
lescent.   Pubescent. 

AST.  Mature.  Later.  Manly.  W'o- 
manly.  Elderly.  Aged.  Senile.  Anile 
Superannuated.    Adult. 


Keen,  adj.    Saxon. 

Syx.  Eager.  Vehement.  Sharp.  Pierc- 
ing.   Penetrating.     Acute. 

AST.  Indifferent.  Languid.  Blunt.  DulL 
Blind. 

Keep,  v.  tr.    Saxon. 

Sts.  Hold.  Restrain.  Retain.  Detain. 
Guard.  rrfser\'e.  Suppress.  Repress.  Con- 
ceal. Tend.  Support.  Maintain.  Conduct. 
Continue.  Obey.  Observe.  Haunt.  Frequent. 
Celebrate. 

AST.  Release.  Acquit.  Liberate.  ;>end. 
Dismiss.  Betray.  Neglect.  Divulge.  Aban- 
don. Discard.  Intermit.  Disobey.  Trans- 
gress. Disrcsard.  Forsake.  Desert.  Ob- 
•  liviate. 

Kebper,  «.    See  Keep. 
i     Keeping,  n.    Used  sometimes 

in  the  sense  of  congruity.     See 

Congruity. 
!      Kkn,  7}.     Old  Eng.,  kemm7i,  ta 

know.   Comp.  Can,  Canny,  Know 

Cunning. 


Synonyms  and  Anionyms. 


2il 


StK.  View  Survey.  Knowleilgc.  Cog- 
Uzance. 

Ant.  Ovei-jiKht.  Jgnovanco.  Inob- 
serv.ince.  Jnexperience.  Jiicognizance.  In- 
()iscemibility. 

Keknel,  n.  Sax.  cyrnel,  a 
Utile  corn  or  graui.  Used  some- 
times metaphorically.     See  Core. 

Kick,  v.  ir.  and  int.  The  word 
is  said  to  be  Welsh,  and  is 
nsed  both  as  an  ud.  and  neut. 
verb,  and  in  a  metaphorical 
sense. 

StU.  Caloitr.ite.     Rebel.     Tlesist.    Spurn. 
Akt.   Cai-esf.     Sootlie.     Flatter.     Obey. 
Yield. 

Kill,  V.  </•.  Sax.  Same  word 
as  Quell. 

Syn.  Slay.  Murder.  Assassinate.  De- 
stroy. Slaughter.  Butcher.  Immolate. 
ilassacre.     Despatch. 

Akt.  Revivify.  Resuscitate.  Vivify. 
Reaniruate. 

Kin,  n.    Saxon. 

Stn.  Race.  Kindred.  Offspring.  Kind. 
Family.  Sort.  Ilk.  Genus.  Kidney.  Class. 
Relationship.    Consanguinity.    Blood. 

Akt.  Foreignership.  Strangership.  Dis- 
connection.   Inaffinity.    Irrelation. 

Kind,  n.     See  Kin.     Add. 

Syn.  Style.  Character.   Description.   De- 
signation.   Denomination.    Genus.    Species. 
Ant.  See  Kiu.    Dissimilarity. 

Kind,  ml/.  See  Kind,  v.  Hav- 
ing such  feelings  as  befit  crea- 
tures belonging  to  the  same 
nature. 

Syn.  Benevolent.  Benign.  Tender.  In- 
dulgent.    Humane.    Clement.    Lenient. 

Ant.  Unliind.  Harsh.  Severn  Cruel. 
Hard.    Illiberal. 

Kindle,  v.  tr.  Scand.  word, 
allied  to  Lat.  candere,  in  uccen- 
dere,  incendere.  Comp.  Candes- 
cent, Candid,  Candle. 

Syn.  Light.    Ignite.    Excite.    Inflame. 
Ant.    Kxtiiiguish.     Suppress.     Quench. 
Allay. 

Kindness,  n.    See  Kind. 
Kindred,  n.    See  Kin. 
Knave,  n.     Sax.  oxdxi,  of- 
ipriiifj,  Germ.  Jcuahe.     Was  not 


originally  a  term  of  reproach.  It 
meant  first  a  boy,  then  a  serv^mt. 
and  lastly,  as  now,  a  rogue. 

Stn.  Rogue.    Cheat.    Rascal.     Villain. 
Ant.    True-penny.     Gentleman.    luiio* 
cent.    Dupe.    Simpleton.    Gull.    Oaf. 

Knavery,  v.    See  Knave. 

Knavish,  adj.    See  Knave. 

Knit,  v.  tr.  Sax.  cnytan.  Has 
the  twofold  sense  of  Join  and 
Interlace,  which  see. 

Knot,  n.  Is  really  the  part. 
jKii^s.  of  Knit,  and  is  used  in 
many  senses  which  are  analo- 
gous. 

Stn.  Tie.  Bond.  Intricacy.  Difficulty. 
Perplexity.  Cluster.  Collection.  Band. 
Group.    Protuberance.    Joint. 

Ant.  Loosening.  Unfastening.  Dissolu- 
tion. Solution.  Explication.  Unravelling. 
Dispersion.  Multitude.  Crowd.  Evenness. 
Smoothness.    Cavity.    Indentation. 

Knotty,  adj.  See  Knot.  Used 
metaphorically  and  analogously. 

Stn.   Tough.     Hard.     Difficult.     Com- 
plicated. 
Ant.  Plain.    Simple.    Easy.    Obvious. 

Knowing,  adj.  See  Ken.  Pos- 
sessing practical  knowledge  ot 
no  very  high  order. 

Stn.  Shrewd.  Astute.  Sharp.  Dis- 
cerning.   Acute.    Sagacious.    Penetrating. 

Ant.  Simple.  Dull.  Innocent.  Gullible. 
Undiscerning.    Stolid.    Silly. 

Knov/lkdge.     See  Ken. 

Stn.  Apprehension.  Comprehension. 
Recognition.  Understanding.  Conversance. 
Experience.  Acquaintance.  Familiariiy. 
Cognizance.  Notice.  Information.  in- 
struction.   Learning. 

Ant.  Misappreliension  Inobservance. 
Incomprehension.  Misunderstanding.  Mis- 
conception. Inconversance.  Inexperience. 
Ignorance.  Unfamiliarity.  Incognizance. 
Misinformation.  Deception.  Misinstructisn. 
Uneducatedness.  Untutoredncss.  Rudeness. 
Uliterateness. 


Laborious,  adj.     Lat.  J<d>or. 
Applied  to  persons  as  cxliiliiting 
the  disposition  and  prtiiluclions, 
ii 


242 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


and  to  operations  as  indicating 
the  results  of  labour. 

Stn.  Assiduous.  Diligent.  Painstaking. 
Indefatigable.  Arduous.  Burdensome. 
Toilsome.    Wearisome. 

AxT.  Idle.  Indiligent.  Lazy.  Indo- 
lent. Easy.  Facile.  Light.  Simple. 
Feasible. 

Laeouk,  n.    See  Laborious. 

SrJf.  Work.  Toil.  Burden.  Drudgery. 
Exertion.     Effort.    Industry. 

Ant.  Indolence.  Ease.  Inactivity. 
Facility.  Skill.  Recreation.  Eest.  Re- 
freshment. 

Labyrinth.    Gr.    \a8vpivdos. 

Used  metaj^horically. 

SrN.  I\Iaze.  Complexity.  Bewilderment. 
Involution. 

Ant.  Clue.  Explication.  Elimination. 
Enucleation. 

Lace,  v.  tr.  Old  Eng.  las,  a 
lace  or  tie,  often  netted  or  inter- 
twined. Conn,  with  laqimts,anet, 
noose,  or  snare.     See  Bind. 

Lacerate.  Lat.  lacerare,  from 
lacer,  torn  or  mangled.      See  Tear 

Laconic,  adj.  Spartan,  from 
Sparta,  in  the  ancient  Laconia. 

Syn.  Terse.    Curt.    Epigr.immatic. 
Ant.  Prolix.    Wordy.    Tedious.    Garru- 
lous.   Circumlocutory.    Prosy.    Loquacious. 

Lack,  n.  Old  Eng.  lake, 
Mame,  fault. 

Stn.  Failure.  Scarcity.  Deficiency. 
AVant.    Need.    Demand. 

Ant.  Fuluess.  Abundance.  Sufficiency. 
Satisfaction.     Supply.    Comiietence. 

Lack,  v.  int.     See  noun. 

Lade.  Sax.  Ilhladan.  See 
Load. 

Laden.    See  Lade. 

Lading.    See  Load. 

Lag,  v.  int.  Gael,  and  Ir. 
lag,  "Welsh  Hag,  lueak,  reiniss, 
slack. 

Syn.  Loiter.  Linger.  Saunter.  Dawdle. 
Dally.    Tarry.    Idle. 

Ant.  Press.  Hasten.  Sj>eed.  Rusb. 
Hurry.    Stir. 

Laggard,  n.    See  Lag. 
LaIOAL,    adj.      Gr.    Xaos,    t la- 


people.  The  mass  of  people,  as 
distinguished  from  the  clergy  or 
the  legal  profession. 

SvK.  Secular.  Non-legal.  Civil.  Tem- 
poral. 

Ant.  Qerical.  Legal.  Ministerial.  Ec 
clesiastical.  Sacerdotal.  Priestly.  Canoni- 
cal.   Spiritual. 

Laity,  ??.     See  Laical. 

Lame,  adj.  Sax.  lam.  Used 
metaphorically,  as,  a  lame  excuse, 
speech,  or  production. 

Stx.  Weak.  Faltering.  Hobbling.  Hesi- 
tating.   Ineffective.    Impotent. 

AxT.  Robust.  Agile.  Potent.  Effi- 
cient. Satisfactory.  Cogent.  Convincing. 
Telling.    Effective. 

Lament,  v.  tr.  and  -int.  Lat. 
lamentari. 

Stn.  Deplore.  Mourn.  Bewail.  Re- 
gret. 

Ant.  Welcome.    Hail. 

Land,  v.  tr.  Sax.,  meaning 
eai-th.  It  is  used  sometimes 
metaphorically,  as,  to  land  one  in 
a  conclusion. 

Stn.  Plant.    Pl.ice.    Fix. 

Ant.  E.\tricate.   Remove.    Disestablish. 

Upset. 

Language,  n.  Lat.  lingua,  a 
tongue. 

Stn.  Speech.  Talk.  Conversation.  Dia- 
lect. Discourse.  Tongue.  Diction.  Phrase- 
ology.   Articulation.     Accents; 

Ant.  Jargon.  Jabber.  Gibberish.  Ba- 
bel. Gabble.  Cry.  Whine.  Bark.  Howl. 
Roar,  &c.  Obniutescence.  Dumbness.  Mute* 
ness.    Inarticulateness.    Speechlessness. 

Languid,  adj.  Lat.  languidus, 
Ian gn ere,  to  languish. 

Stn.  Faint.  Weary.  Feeble.  Un- 
nerved. Unbraced.  Pining.  Drooping. 
Enervated. 

Ant.  Strong.  Healthy.  Robust.  Vigor- 
ous.   Active.    Braced. 

Languish,  v.  int.  See  Lan^ 
guid. 

Stn.  Pine.  Droop.  Sink.  Faint.  Wither 
Sigh.    Decline. 

Ant.  Flourish.  Luxuriate.  Blooia 
Thrive.    Prosper. 

Languor,  n.    Ste  Languid. 
liANK,  adj.     Sax.  Mane. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Stk.  Lean.  Loos?.  Siender.  Slim. 
LoB!;     Lax.    Raw-boiipil. 

^\JJT.  Plump.  Short.  Full.  Rounded. 
Crifp.    Curled. 

Lapse,  n.  Lat.  lapsus,  from 
lain,  to  fall  or  glide.  Commonly 
used  in  these  two  senses,  as — 

Snj.  Gliding.  Falling.  Flow.  Onflow. 
Flu-x.  Progress.  Escheatment.  Devolu- 
tion.   Reversion. 

Ant.  Stability.  Uprightness.  Station- 
ariness.  Fixture.  Arrestation.  Stoppage. 
Retention.    Inheritance.    Possession. 

Large,  adj.  Fr.  large,  Lat. 
largus. 

Stn.  Big.  Bulky.  Extensive.  Abun- 
dant. Capacious.  Ample.  Liberal.  Com- 
prehensive.    Enlightened.    Catholic. 

Ant.  Small.  Mean.  Narrow.  Con- 
tracted. Circumscribed.  Scanty.  Illiberal. 
Niggardly.    Bigotted.    Petty.    Sordid. 

Lash,  v.  Germ,  lasche,  a 
latchet  of  leather.  See  Bind.  It 
lias  also  the  metaphorical  sense  of 
censm-e,  or  the  infliction  of  casti- 
gation  by  words. 

Stn.  Censure.    Castigate.    Satirize. 
Akt.  Extol.    Compliment.    Eulogize. 

Lassitude,  n.  Lassitude, 
lassus,  tueary.    See  Languor. 

Last,  v.  int.  Sax.  laestan,  to 
perform  or  continue. 

Stx.  Continue.  Endure.  Remain.  Hold. 
Abide.    Live. 

Ant.  Cease.  Fail.  Fade.  Fly.  Wane. 
Depart.    Disappear.    Terminate. 

Last,  adj.  Sax.  Contraction 
of  latest. 

SrN.  Latest.  Ending.  Final.  Con- 
cluding. Hindmost.  Past.  Extreme. 
Lowest.    Remotest.    Ultimate. 

Ant.  First.  Introductory.  Initiatory. 
Opening.  I'oremost.  Ensuing.  Jlinor, 
Highest.    Xext.    Nearest. 

Late,  adj.    Sax. 

Stn.  Slow.  Tardy.  Delayed.  Ad- 
vanced.   Deceased.    Past.    Recent. 

Ant.  Early.  Present.  Existing.  Forth- 
coming.   Coming.    Future. 

Latent,  adj.  Lat.  latere,  to  he 
hid. 

Stn.  Invisible.  Inapparent.  Unobserved,  fi^y. 
Hidden.  Concealed.  Undeveloped.  Im-  '  ""'-^ 
pikit.    Potential.    Inherent. 


243 


!  Ant.  Visible.  Appa.-ent.  Manifest. 
Conspicuous.  Exposed.  Unconcealed, 
Active.    Developed.    Explicit. 

Lateral,  adj.  Lat.  latus,  eris, 
the  side. 

Stn.  Indirect.  Oblique.  Secondary. 
Resultant.  Collateral.  Deviative.  Adai- 
tive.    Parallel.    Adjunctive.    Incidental. 

Ant.  Lineal.  Direct.  Primary.  Imme- 
diate. 

Latter,  adj.  See  Last,  for 
Later,  comparative  of  Late. 

Laud,  v.  tr.  Lat.  laudare, 
laus,  to  x>raise.     See  Pi'aise. 

Laudable.  See  Laud  and 
Praiseworthy. 

Laudation,  n.  See  Laud  and 
Panegyric. 

Laughable,  adj.  Laugh  from 
Old  Eug.  lighe.  Conn,  with 
Light.  The  lighting  up  of  the 
countenance  with  gladness  or 
merriment.     See  Eidiculous. 

Laughter,  n.  See  Laugh- 
able. 

Stn.  Merriment.  Glee.  Derision.  Ridi- 
cule.   Cachinnation.    Contempt. 

Ant.  Weeping.  Tears.  Mourning.  Sor- 
row. Admiration.  Veneration.  Respect. 
Whimper.    Whine. 

Launch,  v.  act.  and  neut.  Old 
Fr.  lancer.    Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Propel.  Hurl.  Embiirk.  Expa- 
tiate.   Enlarge, 

Ant.  Repress.    Recall.    Ignore.    Avoid. 

Lave,  v.  tr.  Lat.  lavare.  See 
Wash. 

Lavish,  adj.  Old  Eng.  lave, 
to  throw  out. 

Stn.  Profuse.  Prodigal.  Unsparing. 
Bountiful.    Extravagant.    Wasteful. 

Ant.  Chai-y.  Sparing.  Niggardly.  Eco- 
nomical.   Dainty.    Close.    Retentive. 

Lavish,  v.    See  Lavish,  adj. 

Syn.  Pour.    Heap.    Squander.    AVaste. 
Ant.    Husband.    Store.     Keep.    Retain. 
Accumulate.    Hoard.    Treasure.    Spare. 

Law,  n.     Sax.     lecgan,  to  lay 
Comp.  Statute,  from  sta- 
tuere,   to  estMish      Comp.   also 
b2 


244 


bynonyms  and  Antonyms. 


the  phrase  '  to  lay  down  tlie 
law'  It  is  nsecl  iu  the  scion- 
tific  sense  of  '  a  directive  rule  to 
goodness  of  operation.' 

Stsj.  Rule.  Edict.  Regulation.  Com- 
mand. Order.  Decree.  Statute.  Enact- 
ment. Mode.  Method.  Sequence.  Prin- 
ciple. Order.  Code.  Legislation.  Adju- 
dication.   .Jurisprudence.    Jurisdiction. 

Ant.  Misrule.  Disorder.  Anarchy. 
Rebellion.         Insubordination.  Hazard. 

Chance.  In'egularity.  Caprice.  Accident. 
Casualty. 

Lawful,  adj.     See  Law. 

Stn.  Legal.  Permissible.  Right.  Or- 
derly.    Allowable.    Fair. 

Ant.  Illegal.  Inpermissible.  Unlaw- 
ful.   Wrong.    Lawless.    Unfair. 

Lawless,  adj.    See  Lawful. 

Stn.  Wild.  Rebellious.  Disorderly. 
Saviisa.    Marauding.    Violent. 

AxT.  Peaceful.  Loyal.  Orderly.  Civi- 
lized.   Honest.    Tractable.    AVell-disposed. 

Lax,  adj.  Lat.  laxus.  Used 
metaphorically  of  statements  and 
conduct. 

SrJJ.  Loose.  Vague.  Incoherent.  Dis- 
solute. Licentious.  Unprincipled.  Re- 
miss. 

Ant.  Concise.  Coherent.  Compact. 
Stri(!t.  Rigid.  Severe.  Principled.  Con- 
scientious.   Attentive. 

Lat,  v.  tr.    Comp.  Law. 

Syn.  Place.  Establish.  Deposit.  Allay. 
Prostrate.    Arrange.    Dispose.    Spread. 

It  has  other  senses,  but  they 
are  technical  or  peculiar,  as,  '  to 
lay  a  ghost,'  a  wager,  eggs,  a 
tas,  an  acciisation,  an  assess- 
ment. 

ANT.  Erect.  Raise.  Lift.  ICxcite.  Dis- 
arrange.   Disorder.    Scrape.    Abrade. 

Layman,  n.    See  Laical. 
Lazy,  adj.      Old    Eng.      See 
Laborious. 
Lead,  v.     Sax.  Icedan. 

Stn.  Conduct.  Guide.  Precede.  In- 
-luce.  Spend.  Pass.  Commence.  Inau- 
gurate.   Convoy. 

A^T.  Misconduct.  Jlislead.  Follow. 
Dissuade.    Abandon.    Leave.    Misguide. 

Lead,  n.     See  Lead,  verb. 
Syn.    Prio.ity.      Pre-eminence.      Initia- 
Ure.    Guidance.    CuntroL  1 1 


Ant.  Subordination.  Inferiority  Snt 
mission. 

Leading,  adj.  See  Lead  ana 
Important. 

League,  n.  Fr.  lir/ue,  Lat. 
ligare,  to  hind. 

Stn.  Bond.  Corabinaticn.  Alliance. 
Compact.    Confederacy.    Union. 

Ant.  Dissolution.  "  Disconnection.  Xeu- 
trality.  Secession.  Disunion.  Disruption. 
Alienation.    Divorce. 

Leak,  v.  neid.  Sax.  leccan,  to 
wet.     See  Ooze. 

Lean,  v.  tr.  and  iitt.  Sax. 
Idinian,  allied  to  Lat.  clinare,  as 
seen  in  incUnarc  Comp.  Eng. 
Incline  and  Gr.  Kkivfiv. 

Syn.  Incline.  Rest.  Support.  Tend. 
Bend.    Depend.    Hang.    Repose.    Confide. 

Ant.  stabilitate.  Erect.  Ke-erect. 
Raise.    Rise.    Straighten. 

Lean,  adj.     A.  S.  loene. 

Syn.  Meagre.  Lank.  Tabid.  Ema- 
ciated.   Shrivelled.    Bony. 

Ant.  Fat.  Brawny.  Plump.  Well- 
conditioned. 

Leaning,  n.     See  Lean,  verb. 

Syn.  Tendency.  Inclination.  Pro- 
clivity. Propensity.  Partiality.  Bias. 
Liking. 

Ant.  Avoidance.  Aversion.  Repug- 
nance.   Loathing. 

Learn,  v.  tr.     Sax.  Itornian. 

Syn.  Acquire.  Attain.  Imbibe.  Col- 
lect.   Glean.    Understand.    Gather. 

Ant.  Lose.    Forget.    Teach.    Instruct 

Of  old,  the  word  Learn  meant 
also  to  teach.  It  is  in  tliis  sense 
that  the  participial  adj.  Learned 
'  is  employed. 

Learned,  adj.     See  Learn. 

Stn.  Conversant.  Read.  Erudite.  Skilled 
Scholarly.    Literary. 
1       Ant.  Inconversant.    Illiterate.    Ignorant. 
[  Unlearned.    Unscholarly. 

I     Learner,  v.    See  Learn. 

}       Stn.    'I'yro.     Novice.     PupiL     Student 
Scholar.     IMsciple.    Catechumen. 

Ant.  Teacher.  Master.  Professor. 
Adept.    Authority. 

Learning,  v.    See  Learn. 

Stn.  Knowledge.  Erudition.  Litera- 
ture. Lore.  Lettoi-s.  Acqiiireuients.  At- 
tainments.    Scholarship.     Education.    Tvi' 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


24: 


^,1.  ignorance.  Illiterateness.  Boor- 
Ibtinriis.     Emptiness.     Sciolism.     Intuition. 

Kevelatlon.    Inspiration. 

Least,  adj.  Superlative  of 
hjUl.    Littlest. 

Srx.  Smallest.    Lowest.    Meanest.    Last. 
AxT.   Greatest.     Highest.    First.    Prin- 
cipal.   Main. 

Leave,  v.  Sax.  Jcpfan.  Conn, 
with  Lat.  lingnerr.  and  Gr.  Xe tTreiv. 
/S'ee  Abandon  and  Bequeath. 

Leave,  n.    Sax.  leaf. 

Hts.  Liberty.  Permission.  License. 
Concession. 

Ant.  Restriction.  Prohibition.  Preven- 
tion.   Inhibition.    Refusal. 

Legal,  adj.  Lex.  h'f/is,  the 
law.  Belonging  to  tlie  profes- 
sion of  the  law,  and  permitted 
liy  law.     See  Laical. 

Syn'.  legitimate.  Lawful.  Allowable. 
JuridiCiil.    Constitutional. 

Ant.  Illegal.  Illei,'itimate.  Unlawful. 
Unallowable.    Lay.    Unconstitutional. 

Legible,  adj.  Legere,  to  read. 
Easy  to  read. 

Svx.  Plain.  Decipherable.  Well-written. 
Caligraphic. 

Ant.  Obscure.  Undecipherable.  111- 
writlen.  Illegible.  Cabalistic.  Crypto- 
graphic. 

Legitimate,  adj.    See  Legal. 

.Syn.    Allowable.    Normal.    Fair.    Licit. 
Ant.    Illegitimate.     Unallowable.    Un- 
fair.   Illicit. 

Leisure.  Fr.  loisir,  permission. 
Conn,  with  Lat.  licpre,  to  he  law- 
ful or  permitted..  Permission  or 
opportunity  of  ease  or  recrea- 
tion. 

Stn.  Freedom.  Vacation.  Opportunity. 
Convenience.    Ease.    Quiet.    Retirement. 

Ant.  Constraint.  Employment.  Occu- 
pation. Distraction.  Toil.  Labour.  Bustle. 
Basiness.    Absorption.    Engagement. 

Leisurely,  adj.    See  Leisure. 

Stn.  Easy.    Deliberate.    Sauntering. 
Ant.      Eager.       Hurried.       Precipitate. 
P>apid.    Expeditious. 

Lend,  v.  act.  Old  Eng.  To 
grant,  for  temporary  use.  Also 
to  afford,  as  in  the  phrase,  'to 
lend  a  listening  ear.' 


Stn.  Advance.  J.oan.  Afforl  Grant 
Present. 

Ant.  Resume.  Retract.     Appropriate 

Retain.  Withhold.  Refuse. 

Lengthy,  rt(^//.     Sax.  lami,lonn. 

Svn.  Diffuse.  Proli.x.  Tedious.  Long- 
drawn.    Verbose. 

Ant.  Concise.  Compendious.  Curt. 
Short.  Brief.  Laconic.  Compact.  Con- 
densed.   Succinct. 

Lenient,  adj.    See  Lenity  and 
Kind. 
Lenitive,  adj.    See  Lenity. 

Syn.  Palliative.    Mitigative.    Soothing. 

Ant.  Inflammatory.  Exaggerative.  Pro- 
vocative. Aggravating.  Irritant.  Exas- 
perating. 

Lenity.  Lat.  lenitas,  lenis, 
mild.     Sec  Kindness. 

Lentous,  adj.  Lat.  lent  us, 
2:)Uable.     See  Gelatinous. 

Lessen,  v.  tr.  To  make  less. 
See  Diminish. 

Lesson,  ir.  Legere,  to  read, 
lectio,  a  reading. 

Syn.  Precept.  Warning.  Instruction. 
Lecture.    Information.    Homily. 

Ant.  Misinstruction.  Jlisguidance.  Mis- 
instruction.    Misinformation. 

Let,  V.  Sax.  laian,  to  permit. 
See  below. 

Syn.  Permit.    Allow. 
Ant.  Prevent.    Hinder. 

Let,  v.  Sax.  letian,  to  hinder. 
See  above. 

Lethal,  adj.     Lethum,  death. 

Syn.  Deadly.  Mortal.  Fatal.  Poisonous. 
Venomous. 

Ant.  Invigorative.  Remedial.  Sanative. 
■Wholesome.  Restorative.  Vivifying.  Vital. 
Genial. 

Lethargy,  n.  Gr.  Xijdr],  ob- 
livion, and  dpyos,  idle.  Used  me- 
taphorically. 

Stn.  Drowsiness.  Torpor.  Oblivion 
Stupor.    Swoon.    Trance. 

Ant.  Vigilance.  Alertness.  Liveliness. 
Mindfulness.  \Vakefulness.  Alacrity.  Ac- 
tivity.    Life. 

Lettered,    adj.       Litera,    a 
h'tti  r.     Ste  Learned. 
Level,  n.      Sax    '(ffcl,  lAt 


246 


Synonyms  and  Anionyms. 


libcU^,  a  water  level,  from  h'hra, 
a  balance, 

Sxs.  Plane.  Surface.  Floor.  Equality. 
Aim.  Platform.  Ground.  Co-ordluateness. 
Horizontality. 

Ant.  Unevennoss.  Acclivity.  Declivity. 
Inequality.    Inco-ordinateness.    Verticality. 

Level,  v.    See  Level,  noun. 

SrN.  Plane.   Smoothe.  Flatten.  Equalize. 


Koll.    Raze. 

Ant.  Roughen.     Furrow. 
Graduate. 


Disequalize. 


Level,  adj.    See  Level,  verl. 

Levigate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  levis, 
light  and  smooth. 

Stn.  Comniiiiute.  Triturate.  Pulverize. 
Smoothe.    Polish.    Plane. 

Ant.  Compound.  Amalgamate.  Roughen. 
Batter.    Indent. 

Levity.  Lat.  hoitas,  levis, 
light.  Used  commonly,  in  an  im- 
favourable  sense,  of  character  and 
demeanour. 

Stn.  Lightness.    Frivolity.   Inconstancy. 
Ant.  Earnestness.   Seriousness.  Gravity. 
Levy,  v.     Fr.  lever,  to  raise. 
SrN.  Raise.    Impose.    Muster.    Exact. 
Ant.    Forego.     Surrender.      Reimburse, 
Repay.    Liquidate. 

Liable,  adj.  Lat.  ligare,  to 
hind.    See  Amenable. 

Libel,  n.  Libellus,  dim.  of 
liber— famosus  understood.  A 
defamatory  pamphlet.  Also  used 
of  defamatory  speech. 

■  Syn.  Defamation.  Detraction.  Traduce- 
ment.    Calumny.    Slander. 

Ant.  Retractation.  Vindication.  Apolosry. 
Eulogy.  Panegyric.  Puff.  Advocacy.  En- 
r-^nium. 

Libellous,  adj.    See  Libel. 

Liberal,  adj.  LiheraUs,  from 
liber,  free.  A  person  of  free  birth, 
manners,  and  education.  Ilence 
the  character  of  such.  Applied 
also  to  things  hberally,  i.e.,  freely 
forthcoming. 

Stn.  Free.  Gentle.  Refined.  Polished. 
Generous.  Bountiful.  Catholic.  Enlarged. 
Copious.  Ample.  J'rofuse.  Large.  Haud- 
•ome.    llunlficent.     Abundant. 

Ant.  Churlish.  Low.  Mean.  Boorish. 
Ungenerous.    Illiljcral.    Niggardly.    Grasp- 


ing. Avaricious.  Greedy.  5ainfcl  Nar* 
row-minded.  Bigoted.  Prejudiced.  Con" 
tracted.    Scanty.    Inadequate. 

Liberate,  v.  tr.  See  Liberal 
and  Confine. 

Libertine,  n.  Lihertinus,  a 
freed-man.  The  word  is  used  ot 
those  who  free  themselves  from 
wholesome  restraint. 

S™.  Rake.     Debauchee. 
Ant.    Ascetic.       Anchorite.      Recluse, 
Hermit.    Puritan.    Saint. 

Liberty,  n.  Lat.  lihertas,  liber, 
free. 

Stn.  Freedom.  Independence.  Permis- 
sion. License.  Privilege.  Franchise.  Im- 
munity. Insult.  Impropriety.  Volition. 
Voluntariness. 

Other  senses  are  technical,  as, 
'  the  liberty  of  a  town,'  &c. 

Ant.  Slavery.  Servitude.  Restraint. 
Constraint.  Submission.  Dependence.  Ob- 
ligation. Compulsion.  Deference.  Respect. 
Considerateness.  Necessity.  Fatality.  Pre- 
destination. 

Libeate,  act.  and  neut.  Libra, 
a  scale.  To  balance.  See  Balance. 
_  License,  n.  Lat.  licentia, 
licere,  to  be  permitted.  Has  much 
the  same  senses  as  liberty,  with  a 
stronger  leaning  to  the  sense  of 
the  abuse  of  freedom.  See  Li- 
berty and  Dispensation. 

License,  v.     See  iwun. 

SrN.  Permit.    Allow.    Indulge. 
Ant.    Restrain.      Disallow.  "  Vv'ithhold. 
Forbid.    Prohibit, 

Licentious,  adj.  See  License, 
noun. 

Stn.  Voluptuous.  Dissolute.  Puikish. 
Debauched.    Self-indulgent. 

Ant.  Temperate.  Strict.  Sober.  Self. 
controlled.    Ascetic.    Self-denying.    Rigid. 

Licit,  adj.     Lat.  licitus. 

Stn.  Lawful.  Legal.  Allowable.  Equitableu 

^Vnt.  Illegal.    Illicit.    Unfair. 

Lie,  n.     Sax.  lyge. 

SvN.  Falsehood.  Untrutli.  Fabrication 
Subterfuge.    Evasion. 

Ant.  Truth.    Fact.    Voracity. 

Lie,  v.  int.     Sax.  lieqan. 
Stn.  Rest.    Repose.    Be.   'Remain. 
Aht.  Rise.    Move.    Sllr. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


247 


LiKF,  adv.  and  adj.  Old  Eng. 
We,  dear.     Comp.  Love. 

Stn.  Gladly.    Willingly.    Readily. 

AST.  Slowly.  Unwillingly.  Reluctantly. 
Loth. 

Life,  n.    Sax.  I  if. 

Stn.  Vitality.  Duration.  Existence. 
Condition.  Conduct.  Animation.  Viva- 
city.   Personality.    State.    Society.    Morals. 

AUT.  Mortality.  Decease.  Death.  Non- 
existence. Dulness.  Torpor.  Portraiture. 
Lethargy.    Lifelessness. 

Lifeless,  adj.  See  Life  and 
Dead. 

Lift,  v.  tr.  Germ,  liiften,  to 
raise  into  the  Juft  or  air.  Comp. 
Aloft  and  Lofty. 

Stn.  Kaise.  Elevate.  Upraise.  Up- 
neave.    Exalt. 

AxT.  Lower.  Sink.  Depress.  Crush. 
Overwhelm.   Degrade.    Dash.    Cast.    Hurl. 

Ligament,  n.  Ligamentum, 
from  lifiare,  to  hind. 

Sin.  Bond.  Band.  Bandage.  Ligature. 
Brace.     Strap.    Girth. 

The  difference  between  Liga- 
ment and  Ligature  is,  that  the 
former  is  generally  apphed  to 
natxu-al,  the  latter  to  artificial 
bands. 

Ant.  Divnlsion.  Discerption.  Discon- 
nection. Fracture.  Dislocation.  Severance. 
Laceration.  Splinter.  Breach.  Disband- 
ment.    Shield.    Fender.    Disconnecter. 

Light,  jj.  Sax.  hoM,  conn, 
with  h(x.  Used  analogously  and 
metaphorically. 

Snj.  Luminosity.  Radiance.  Beam. 
Gleam.  Phosphorescence.  Scintillation. 
Coruscation.  Flash.  Brightness.  Bril- 
liancy. Effulgence.  Blaze.  Splendour. 
Candle.  Lamp.  Lantern.  Explanation. 
Instruction.  Illumination.  Understanding. 
Interpretation.     Day.    Life. 

AjfT.  Darkness.  Dimness.  Obscurity. 
Shade.  Duskiness.  Gloom.  Extinction. 
Misinterpretation.  Ignorance.  iMisunder- 
standing.  Night.  Death.  Confusion.  Mys- 
tification.   Tenebrosity. 

Light,  adj.  Sax.  liht.  Conn, 
with  Lat.  hvii^.  It  is  used  in 
several  analogous  and  metapho- 
rical senses. 

Sth  Imponderous.  Unweighty.  Port- 
able.   Biioyant.     Volatile.    Easy.    Digesti- 


ble. Scanty.  Active.  Unencumbered. 
Empty.  Slight.  Trifling.  Gentle.  Un- 
steady. Capricious.  Vain.  Frivolous. 
Characterless.  Thoughtless.  Unthoiightful. 
Unconsidered.     Inadequate.    Incompact. 

Ant.  Heavy.  Ponderous.  AVeighty. 
Immoveable.  Leaden.  Solid.  Hard,  in- 
digestible. Full.  Lazy.  Encumbered.  Bur- 
dened. Oppressed.  Weighed  Loaded. 
Laden.  Ballasted.  Grave.  Serious.  Im- 
portant. Violent.  Steady.  Firm.  Prin- 
cipled. Cautious.  Reflective.  Reliable. 
Sensible.  Eiirnest.  Thoughtful.  Well- 
considered.  Well-weighed.  Adequate.  Stift. 
Compact. 

LiGHTSOJiE,  adj.  See  Light, 
noun,  and  Cheerful. 

Like,  adj.  Sax.  lie,  gelic. 
Used  also  as  a  x'i'<^P-  When  the 
adj.  is  used  separately  after  the 
verl),  the  form  is  '  alike.' 

Stn.    Equal.      Correspondent.     Similar 
Resembling. 
.    Ant.  Unequal.    Different.    Dissimilar. 

Like,  v.  tr.    Sax.  lician. 

Stn.  Love.  Approve.  Enjoy.  Relish. 
Affect. 

Ant.    Hate.  Dislike.    Loathe.     Mislike, 

Detest.    Abhor.  Abominate. 

Likely.  »See  Like.  Probable ; 
like  causes  producing  like  effects. 
See  Probable. 

Likelihood.  See  Likely  and 
Probability. 

Likeness.     See  Like. 

Si-N.  Similarity.  Resemlilance.  Corre- 
spondence. Similitude.  Parity.  Copy. 
Imitation.    Portrait. 

Ant.  Dissimilarity.  Dissimilitude.  Dis- 
parity.   Inequality.    Uulikeness.     Original. 

Likewise.    Li  like  ways. 

Stn.  So.    Also. 

Ant.  Nor.    Otherwise. 

Liking,  n.    See  Like. 

Stn.  Love.  Approval.  Relish.  Affec- 
tion. Taste.  Inclination.  Partiality.  Fond- 
ness. 

Ant.  Hatred.  Dislike.  Disrelish.  Aver- 
sion. Repugnance.  Loathing.  Disinclina- 
tion.   Abhorrence. 

Limit,  n.  Limes,  His.  See 
Bound. 

Lmitlbss,  adj.  See  Limit  and 
Infinite. 


248 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Limpid.  Lat.  limjndus,  dear, 
from  Gr.  Xdnvreiv,  io  shine. 

Stn.  Transparent.  Translucent.  Crys- 
talline. 

Ant.  Opaque.  Turbid.  Luteous.  Muddy. 
Foul. 

Line,  v.  Lat.  Unca.  Used 
analogously. 

Stn.  Cord.  Thread.  Length.  Outline. 
Row.  Direction.  Verse.  Course.  Method. 
Succession.    Sequence.    Continuity. 

Ant.  Breadth.  Contents.  Space.  Di- 
vergency. Deviation.  Fluctuation.  Varia- 
tion. Interruption.  Discontinuance.  So- 
lution. 

Lineage,  n.     See  Line. 

Stn.  Descent.    Family.    House. 
Ant.     Ancestor.        Founder.        Source. 
Origin. 

Lineament,  n.    See  Line. 

Syn.  Line.  Feature.  Mark.  Form. 
Profile. 

Ant.  Face.  Countenance.  Visage.  As- 
pect. 

Linear.    See  Line. 

Stn.  ]")irect.    Straight.    KecUlinear. 
Ant.  Incurved.     Divergent.     Collateral. 
Lateral.    Curvilinear.     Zigzag. 

Linger,  v.  int.  Sax.  lengra, 
comi^arative  of  lang,  lovg.  To  re- 
main longer  than  right  or  usual. 

Stn.  Tarry.    Loiter.    Lag.    Saunter. 
Ant.  H;j£te.    Speed.    Press.    Push. 

Link,  n.  Genn.  lenhen,  to 
hind.     See  Connection. 

Liquefaction,  n.  Liquere,  to 
he  liquid,  and  facere,  to  make. 
See  Melt. 

LiQUESCENCE,  n.,  LIQUESCENT, 
adj.  Liquescere,  from  liquere,  to 
qroiu  or  hecome  liquid.     See  Melt. 

Liquid,  adj.  Lat.  liquidus. 
Used  analogously,  as,  'liquid 
sounds.' 

Stn.  Fluid.  Liquescent.  ]\I('lting.  Run- 
ning. AVatery.  Fluent.  Soft.  IMclli- 
fluous.    Limpid. 

Ant.  Solid.  Solidified.  Concrete.  Con- 
gealed. Hard.  Dry.  ]ndissolvable.  In- 
soluble.   Harsh.    Discordant. 

Liquidate,  v.  fr.  See  Liquid 
and  Pay. 


Listen,  v.  int.  Sax.  IJijsian, 
followed  by  prep.  to. 

S5-N.  Hear.  Attend.  HearXen.  Ib. 
cline. 

Airr.  Disregard.  Ignore.  Refuse.  Ropa> 
uiaie. 

Listless,  ad/.  Sax.  listan, 
iitstan,  conn,  with  lust,  to  lean 
or  incline  to.  Having  no  incli- 
nation or  interest. 

S\-N.  Indifferent.  Cai-eless.  Uninterested. 
Vacant.  Languid.  Indolent.  Supine. 
Lackadaisical.    Torpid. 

Ant.  Eager.  Interested.  Curious.  Ar- 
dent. Attentive.  Absorbed.  Active.  En- 
gaged.   Earnest. 

Literal,  adj.  Litera,  a  letter. 
According  to  the  letter. 

Syn.  Exact.  Grammatical.  Verbal 
Close. 

Ant.  General.  Substantial.  Metaphori- 
cal.   Free.     Spiritual. 

Literary,  adj.     See  Literal. 

SvN.  Erudite.    Scholarly.    Studious. 
Axt.    Illiterate.      Unscholarly.      Uustu- 
dious. 

Literature,  v.  See  Literal. 
Learning,  or  a  certain  portion  of 
general  learning. 

SvN.  Lore.  Erudition.  Reading.  Study. 
Learning.    Attainment. 

Ant.  Genius.    Intuition.    Inspiration. 

Lithe,  adj.  Sax.  lindhe,  tender, 
mild,  gentle.  Persuadable,  flexible. 
Transferred  from  the  moral  to 
the  physical. 

SvN.  Pliant.  Flexible.  Limber.  Supple. 
Elastic.    Agile.    Pliable. 

Ant.  lough.  Inflexible.  Stiff.  In- 
elastic. 

Litigious,  adj.  Lis,  litis,  a 
lawsuit.  Fond  of  going  to  law, 
or,  generally,  quarrelsome. 

SvN.  Quarrelsome.  Disputatious.  Con- 
tentious. 

Ant.  Cnmplacent.  Contented.  Ao 
quiescent.    Genial.    Facile. 

Litter,  r.  fr.  Fr.  lUicrc,  from 
Irefus,  a  couch.  A  portable  couch. 
Tlien  a  bod  made  uj)  for  cattle, 
and  their  being  brought  to  bed 
of  young,  as, '  o,  litter  of  whelpe 


Si/nonyms  and  Anionyms. 


Fiom  the  straw  bed  of  cattle  the 
A\-ord  derives  the  Iblbwing  mean- 
ings :— 

SrN.  Scatter.  Mislay.  Discompose. 
Pisorder.    Derange. 

.\NT.  Clear.  Clean.  Order.  Lay.  Ar- 
range.   Metliodize. 

Little,  adj.    Sax.  hjtlcy  small. 

Srx.  Small.  Tiny.  Pigmy.  Diminu- 
tive. Short.  Brief.  Scanty.  Unimpor- 
tant. Insignificant.  Slight.  Weak.  In- 
considerable. Trivial.  Illibe!'al.  Mean. 
I'etty.     Paltry.     Dirty.     Shabby. 

A^vT.  Big.  Bulky.  I^arge.  Enormous. 
Huge.  Monstrous.  Full-sized.  Developed. 
Long.  Full.  IMuch.  Impoitant.  Grave. 
Serious.  Momentous.  Liberal.  Generous. 
Xoble.    High-minded.    Handsome. 

Live,  v.     Sax.  libhan,  lifmn. 

Sra.  Vegetate.  Grow.  Survive.  Con- 
tinue. Abide.  Dwell.  Last.  Subsist. 
Behave.    Act.    Breathe. 

Ant.  Die.  Perish.  Wither.  Demise, 
^ligrate.  Vanish.  Fade.  Fail.  Languish. 
Depart.    Drop.    Decease. 

Live,  adj.    See  Live,  verb. 

SrN.  Animate. 

A>T.  Inanimate.    Defunct. 

Livelihood,  n.    See  Live. 

Si'X.  Slaintenance.    Support.    Living. 
AsT.     Privation.       Starvation.      Want. 
Beggary.    Inanition. 

Lively,  adj.    See  Live. 

Srx.  Brisk.  Animated.  Keen.  Eager. 
BUthe.    Alert. 

Ant.  Lifeless.  Torpid.  Dull.  Indif- 
ferent.    Listless.    Inanimate.    Insensate. 

LiVERT,  11.  Fr.  Iivre7',  to  de- 
liver. A  gift  of  a  suit  from  the 
master  to  his  retainers. 

Stit.  Uniform.  Garb.  Badge.  Depend- 
ence. Servitude.  Retainership.  Ketinue. 
Subservience. 

Ant.  Freedom.  Immunity.  Insubser- 
vionce. 

Living,  adj.  See  Live,  adj. 
Living,  n.  See  Livelihood. 
Lo.\D,  n.     Sax.  hlud. 

Syx.  Burden.  AVcIght,  Lading.  Cargo. 
Oppression.    Incubus.    Drag. 

Ant.  Refrpsbment  Support.  Solace. 
Alleviation.    Emptiness.    Lightness. 

Load,  v.     See  Load,  noun. 
Stx.    Burden.     Charge.     Lade.     Cargo. 
Cumbei.    Opoross 


249 


Akt.  Disburden.  Unlojid.  Oulade.  Dis- 
encumber.   Lighten.    Alleviate.    Relieve. 

Loan,  n.    Sax.  kenan. 

Stn.  Advance.  Mortgage.  Hypotheca> 
tion. 

AST.  Recall.   Resumption.    Foreclosure. 

Loathe,  v.  tr.  Sax.  Icidhian, 
to  hate.     See  Abominate. 

Loathsome,  adj.  See  Loathe 
and  Abominable. 

Locality,  7i.  Locus,  a  i>lace. 
See  Place. 

Locate,  v.  tr.    See  Locality. 

Srx.  Place.  Establish.  Fix.  Settle. 
Dispose.    Lodge. 

Ant.  Displace.  Disestablish.  Remove. 
Dislodge. 

Location,  ik  See  Localitj' 
and  Situation. 

Locomotion,  n.  locus,  a  place, 
and  movere,  to  move.  The  move- 
ment from  place  to  place. 

SvN.  Movement.  Travel.  Migration. 
Passage. 

Ant.  Stationariness.  Stoppage.  Abode. 
Rest,    liemacence.    Fixture. 

Locomotive,  adj.  See  Loo 
motion. 

Syn.  Migratorj'. 
Akt.  Stationary-. 

Lodge,  v.  tr.  Germ,  lauhe, 
foliage.    Arbour.     See  Locate. 

Lofty,  adj.  Germ,  lit/t,  the 
air. 

Sys.  Elevated.  Towerine.  High.  Dig- 
nified. Eminent.  Stately.  Haughty.  Ma- 
jestic.   Airy. 

Ant.  Depressed.  Low.  Stunted.  Un- 
dignified. Ordinary.  Unstately.  Mean. 
Unimposing.    Unassuming.    Affable. 

Logical,  adj.    Gr.  XoyiKi;,  the 

art  of  logic. 

Syn.  Close.    Argumentative.    Sound. 

Ant.  inconclusive.  lUogiail.  talla- 
cious. 

Logomachy,  n.  Gr.  Xdyo?,  a 
tvord,  and  nuxi,  battle.  A  war 
of  words. 

Syn.  Wrangle.  Strife.  Contention.  Ite- 
bate. 

Ant.  Chat.  Colloquy  ConTsi-satlc^ 
Coniabalatio&. 


250 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Loiter,  v.  int.  Dan.  leuteren, 
to  delay.     See  Lag. 

Loll,  v.  int.  Icel.  Mia,  to  ie 
lazy. 

Syk.  »jOunge.    Recline. 

Akt.  Rise.    Stir. 

Lonely,  adj.    See  Lonesome. 
Lonesome.    Lone,  abbrevatiou 
from  Aloue. 

Syn.  Forlorn.  Dreary.  Forsaken.  Wild. 
Solitary. 

Amt.  Cheerful.  Befriended.  Frequented. 
Populous.       Festive.       Gay.        Animated. 

Bustling. 

Long,  adj.  Sax.  lang,  Lat. 
longus. 

SvN.  Protracted.  Produced.  Dilatory. 
Lengthy.  Tedious.  Prolix.  Diffuse.  Far- 
reaching.    Extensive. 

Ant.  Short.  Curt.  Curtailed.  Brief. 
Speedy.    Quick.    Concise.    Condensed. 

Longing,  n .  From  verh  to  long, 
or  long  for,  or  stretch  the  mind 
after. 

Stn.  Eagerness.  Desire.  Craving.  As- 
piration.   Yearning. 

AST.  Indifference.  Repugnance.  Aversion. 

Look,  v.  act.  and  neiU.  Sax. 
lociun.  Used  as  act.  with  the 
prep,  at,  and  as  neut.  with  like,  &c. 

Sys.  See.  Behold.  Contemplate.  Ob- 
serve.   Sv-em.    Appear.    Face. 

Akt.  Overlook.  Miss.  Misobserve.  Mis- 
beseem.    Lurk.    Smoulder. 

Loom,  v.  int.  Sax.  leomian,  to 
shine.  To  appear  indistinctly  in 
an  -uncertain  light. 

Syn.  Glimmer.    Lower.    Gloam. 
Ant.  Dwindle.     Pale.     Recede.      Fade. 
Vanish.    Disappear. 

Loose,  v.  Sax.  lesan,  lysan. 
See  Tie. 

Loose,  adj.  See  Loose,  v. 
Used  ijhysicaily  and  morally. 

Stn.  Unbound.  Detached.  Flowing. 
Scattered.  Sparse.  Incompact.  Vague. 
Inexact.  Rambling.  Dissolute.  Licen- 
tious. 

Ant.  Bound.  Tied.  Fastened.  Tight. 
Mx)rcd.  Jjiished.  Secured.  Thick.  Dense. 
Compact.  Pointed.  Accurate.  Exact.  Con- 
secutive. Close.  Stric-t  LogicaL  Scien- 
tlGc.    ConscieutioSi. 


Lop,  V.  tr.  Prov.  Germ, 
luppen,  to  cut. 

Stn.  Prune.  Curtail.  Shorten.  Rc« 
trench.    Amputate.    Tnmcate. 

Ant.  Grow.  Trail.  Train.  Elongate. 
Lead. 

Loquacity,  «.  Loquax,  loqui, 
to  speak,  talkative.  See  Taci- 
turnity. 

Lordly,  adj.  Lord.  Sax. 
Majord,  a  hread-heeper,  a  master 
and  distributor  of  the  grain  or  loaf. 

Stn.  Lofty.  Magnificent.  Noble.  Ma- 
jestic.    Proud.    Imperious. 

Ant.  Mean.  Beggarly.  Ignoble.  Un- 
imposing.    Humble.    Servile.    Lowly. 

Lordship,  n.    See  Lord. 

Stn.  Rule.    Dominion.    Jurisdiction. 
Ant.    Homage.      Subjection.       Subser- 
vience. 

Lore,  n.  Sax.  Im-an,  to  teach. 
See  Learning  and  Tradition. 

Lose,  v.  tr.  Sax.  leosan,  topart 
luith  involuntarily. 

Stn.  Miss.    Drop.    Mislay.    Forfeit 

Ant.  Keep.  Retain.  Find.  Recover. 
Locate.  Earn.  Guard.  Treasure.  Econo- 
mize. Utilize.  Preserve.  Abandon.  Dis- 
card.   Reject. 

Loss,  n.     See  Lose. 

Syn.  Mislaying.  Dropping.  Missing. 
Forfeiture.  Privation.  Waste.  Detriment. 
Damage. 

Ant.  Preservation.  Recovery.  Earn- 
ing. Satisfaction.  Restoration.  Economy. 
Augmentation.    Advantage.    Gain. 

Lot,  ■«.  Saxon.  The  word  is 
used  in  two  opposite  senses, 
namely,  allotment  by  design,  and 
by  chance. 

Stn.  Chance.  Fortune.  Fate.  Hazard. 
Ballot. 

Ant.  Law.  Provision.  Arrangement. 
Disposal.  Design.  Purpose.  Plan.  Por- 
tion.   Allotment 

Loth,  adj.  See  Loathsome — 
the  true  spelling. 

Stn.  Reluctant.    Unwilling. 
Ant.  Ready.    Willing.    Lief. 

Loud,  adj.    Sax.  hlud. 

Syn.  Sounding.  Sonorous.  Noisy.  Puy 
sonant.  Audible.  Vociferous.  ClAmoiocib 
Obstreperous. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


251 


Am.  Soft.  Gentle.  Subdued.  'Wliisper- 
hig.  Rustlin;;.  Murnniring.  Babbling. 
Pattering.  Tinkling.  Dulcet.  Inaudible. 
Quiet. 

LotmGE,  V.  int.  Conn,  "with 
Long.  Either  to  be  a  long,  or  to 
spend  a  long  time.  See  Loll  and 
Loiter. 

Lout,  n.  Sax.  liltan,  to  how  or 
bend.  Expressive,  apparently, 
of  a  corobination  of  awkwardness 
and  servility,  which  make  up  the 
clown. 

Sto.  Clown.  Looby.  Clodhopper.  Clod. 
^  Ant.  Dandy.    Fop.    Cockney.    Prig. 

Love,  n.  Sax.  lufe,  Germ. 
liehe. 

Stn.  Affection.  Attachment.  Passion. 
Devotion.  Benevolence.  Kindness.  Cha- 
rity. 

Ant.  Hatred.  Dislike.  Disaffection. 
Alienation.  Estrangement.  Bitterness. 
Coldness.  Indifference.  Kepugnance.  In- 
fidelity. Desertion.  Unkindness.  Malice. 
Uncharitableness. 

Lovely,  adj.  Bee  Love. 
Worthy  of  love  or  exciting  love. 

Stn.  Amiable.  Loveable.  Charming. 
Enchanting.    Beau  tit  ul. 

Ant.  Unamiable.  Unloveable.  Hate- 
ful. Hideous.  Plain.  Homely.  Unat- 
tractive.   Unlovely. 

Low,  adj.  Old  Eng.  Sax. 
licgan,  Germ,  lie  gen,  to  lie. 

SrN.  Abated.  Sunk.  Depressed.  Stunted. 
Declining.  Deep.  Subsided.  Cheap.  Gentle. 
Inaudible.  Dejected.  Degraded.  Mean. 
Abject.  Base.  Unworthy.  Lowly.  Feebl?. 
Moderate.  Repressed.  Subdued.  Reduced. 
Poor.    Frugal. 

Ant.  Elevated.  Lofty.  Tall.  Ascend- 
ing. Rising.  High.  E.xorbitant.  Violent. 
Loud.  Excited.  Elated.  Eminent.  Con- 
siderable. Influential.  High-minded.  Hon- 
ourable. Proud.  strong.  Aggravated. 
Intensified.    Raised.    \Ve:dthy.    Rich. 

Lower,  v.  tr.    See  Low. 

Stn.  Depress.  Decrease.  Bate.  Abate. 
Drop.    Reduce.    Humihate.    Sink. 

Ant.  Hoist.  Raise.  Heighten.  In- 
crease.   E.\alt.    Aggrandize.    Elevate. 

Lower,  adj.     See  Low. 

Stn.  Inferior. 

Ant.  Higher.    Superior. 

Lowly,  adj.    See  Low. 


Sin.  Mean.  Low.  Common.  Humble, 
Meek. 

Ant.  Lofty.  Elevated.  Eminent.  Proud. 
Lordly. 

LowNESS,  n.     See  Low. 

Loyal,  ad/.  Fr.  loial,  hi,  law, 
legcd.  Maintaining  the  autho- 
rity of  the  law.  Faithful  to  the 
monarch  as  representing  the  law. 
Hence,  faithful  generally  where 
allegiance  is  due. 

Stn.  Submissive.  Obedient.  Faithful. 
Allegiant.    True.    Constant. 

Ant.  Insubmissive.  insurgent.  Mal- 
content. Rebellions.  Disobedient.  Un- 
faithful. Unallegiant.  Untrue.  Incon- 
stant.   Disaffected. 

Loyalty,  «.    See  Loyal. 

Lubricate,  v.  tr.  Lulricus, 
smooth.  To  smoothe  by  the  ap- 
plication of  oleaginous  sub- 
stances. 

Stn.  Oil.  Ease.  Grease.  Levigate. 
Gloze.    Glaze. 

Ant.  Rust.  Clog.  Indent.  Roughen. 
Corrugate. 

Lucent,  adj.  Lucere,  lux,  to 
shine.     See  Limpid. 

Lucid,  adj.   Lux,  lucidus,  light. 

SvN.  Shining.  Bright.  Resplendent. 
Luculent.  Luminous.  Clear.  Transpa- 
rent. Crystalline.  Pellucid.  Distinct.  In- 
telligible. Rational.  Perspicuous.  Or- 
derly. 

Ant.  Dark.  Unlustrous.  Opaque.  Tur- 
bid. Muddy.  Obscure.  Unintelligible. 
Confused.     Insolved.     Insane.     Mystified. 

Luck,  «.  Icel.  luhha.  See 
Chance. 

Luckless,  adj.  See  Luck  and 
Lucky. 

Lucky,  adj.     See  Luck. 

Syn.  Fortunate.  Auspicious.  Pros- 
perous. 

Ant.  Unlucky.  Unfortunate.  Inaus- 
picious. Unprosperous.  Adverse.  lU- 
fated.    Disastrous. 

Lucrative,  adj.    See  Lucre. 
Lucre,  n.    Lat.  lucrum,  gain. 

Syn.  Gain.    Pi'oUt.    Greed.    Wealth. 
Ant.  Loss.     I'overty.     Failure.     Priv* 
tlon.    Dross.    Refuse 


if52 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


LtrouBRATiox,  n.      Jaix.  light,  I     LuMPiSH,  cir/J.    Lump.     Comi. 
Incubrare,  to  work  hy  lamp-IigJd.    with  Clump.     See  Clumsy. 
Thence,  a  work  of  study  gene-       s^tj.  Heavy,  aoddish.  siuggii^h.  aumsy. 

v,„n„  *'    °                  Ant.    Light.    Airy.    Agile.    Sylph-like. 

,■'•    „             ,  '  Ximble.    Active. 

oYX.  Study.    Meditation.  Work.    Cogi- 
tation. Lunacy,  n.      Luna,  the  moon. 

Art.  Idleness.      Vacuity.  Jncogitancy.  !  rjhe     Condition    of    being    mOOn- 

struck  with  madness. 


Torpor. 

Ltjculknt 


See  Lucid. 


Ludicrous.   Ludus,  jduy,  sport. 

Svx.  Ridiculous.  Farcical.  Laughable. 
Cconic.    Droll. 

AST.  Serious.  Momentous.  Grave.  Sad. 
Sorrowful.  ]\Iournful.  Tragic.  Lugu- 
brious.   Melancholy.    Doleful.    Sombre. 


Lugubrious. 
sad,  inekmcholi/. 


Lat.     luguhris. 
See  Ludicrous. 


SvK.  Madness.  Jr.sanitv.  Derangement. 
Craziness.  Mania.  Aberration.  Halluci- 
nation. 

Ant.  Sanity.  Reason.  Intellect.  Intel- 
ligence.   Rationality.    Lucidity. 

Lunatic,  n.    See  Lunacy. 

Srs.  Madman.    jNIaniac.    Monomaniac. 
Ant.    Solon.     Philosopher.      Luminary. 
Genius. 

Lure,  v.  ti 


Old  Fr.  hire,  an 


Lull,  v.  tr.  and  int.     It.  M-\'^^'t>^ficiailiavjh  usedasadecoy.  See 
Jure,  to   sing   lullaby.      Act.   and  I  Decoy. 


'/leuf.      Sec    Assuage    and  Sub- 
side. 

Lull,  «.    See  verb. 

Srx.  Quiet.  Assuagement.  Cessation. 
Quiescence.    Subsidence. 

Ant.  Tumult.  Excitement.  Storm. 
Tempest. 

Lumber,  n.  Lombard.  The 
Lombards  being  the  merchants 
of  the  middle  ages,  a  Lombard 
room  was  a  room  ibr  the  stock- 


LuRiD,  adj.     Lat.  luridus. 

Stn.  Murky.    Lowering. 
Ant.  Bright.    Luminous. 


V.     int. 


Conn,    with 


Lurk, 

Lurch. 

Six.  Hide.    Lie.    Skulk.    Abscond. 
Ant.    Itise.      Spring.      Show.       Flash. 
Emerge. 

Luscious,  adj.      Supposed  to 
be  a  corruption  of  luxurious. 

Srx.    Sweet,     lielicious.     Honied.     Su- 


ing    of    Commercjal     documents    ^'^'^Ant.  Sour.    sharp.    Tart.    Bitter. 


and  valuables.     It   is  used  for 
useless  stock. 

Srx.  Trash.    Rubbish.     Refuse. 
Akt.  Valuables.    Commodities.    Stock. 

Lumber,  v.  See  noun.  To  fill 
with  lumber. 

Syn.  Choke.  Crowd.  Obstruct.  En- 
cumber. 

AXT.  Qear.  Disen.-umber.  Utilize. 
Economize. 

Luminary,  ;?.  Lumai,  a  ligld. 
Used  metaphorically  of  persons, 
as, '  shining  hghts.' 

Sin.  Sage.  Savant.  Celebrity.  Light. 
Genius, 

Ant.  Fool.  Ignoramus.  Dunce.  Block- 
head.   Lout. 

Luminous,  adj\  See  Luminary 
and  Lucid. 


Lustration,  71.  Lustrare,  to 
purify  in  a  sacrificial  sense. 

Svn.  Purification.  Expurgation.  Expia- 
tion. 

Ant.  Desecration.  Defilement.  Conta- 
mination. 

Lustre,  n.  Lustrum,  a  sacri- 
fice of  2^itrification  or  cleansing, 
from  Ulcere,  to  be  bright.  Comp. 
Illustrious.     See  Bright. 

Lusty,  adj.  Lust,  animal 
vigour. 

Sin.  Robust.    Vigorous.    Strong.    Stout 
Ant.  Infirm.    AVoak.    Disabled.    Ailing 
Effete.    Listless. 

LuTOSE,  adj.  Lutum  mud. 
Of  muddy  appeai-ance  Se* 
Limpid. 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


253 


Moisturo, 
Humectalion.    Maceration. 

Ant.   Kxsiccation.    Drying.    Arefaction. 


Luxuriant,  adj.     Luxuriare  |     Madefaction,  v.    Lat.  made' 
3r  ari.to  tloi(rish,luxuria,liixurij.  Ifaccre,  to  make  vef. 
^'ce  Exuberant.  i        ^rN.    Wettin?.     Moistening. 

Luxuriate,  v.  int.  See  Luxu- 
riant.    <S'te  Bask. 

Luxurious,  odj.  See  Luxu- 
riate. Applied  to  circumstances 
and  cliaracter. 

SvN.  Voluptuous.  Self-indulgent.  Tlca- 
surable.    Sensual.    Pampered. 

Ant.  Hard.  I'aiulul.  Solf-denying. 
Ascetic.    Hardy. 

Luxury,  n.    Lat.  luxuria. 

Stn.  Effeminacy.  Epicurism.  Volup- 
tuousness. Wantonness.  Self-indulgence. 
Softness.    Animalism. 

Ant.  Hardness.  Asceticism.  Self-denial. 
Hardsbip.    Stoicism. 


M. 

Macerate,  v.  tr.  Macer,  lean. 
To  deprive  of  substance,  espe- 
cially by  steeping  in  water. 

Syn.  Attenuate.  Waste.  Wither.  Steep. 
Madefy.    Kot. 

Ant.  Fatten.  Replenish.  Repair. 
Tamper.    Swell. 

Maceration,  «.  See  Mace- 
rate. 

Machination,  n.  Machina, 
a  machine  or  contrivance.  Used 
in  an  imfavourable  sense. 

SrN.  Contrivance.  Design.  Plot.  In- 
trigue. 

Ant.  Detection.  Counteraction.  Baffling. 
Def(v\t.  Exposure.  Overthrow.  Defiance. 
Challenge.    Conflict.    Competition. 

Maculated,  adj.  Macula,  a 
spot. 

Sin.  Spotted.  Speckled.  Mottled.  Dotted. 

Ant.  Unspotted.  Spotless.  Speckless. 
Immaculate. 

Mad,  adj.     Sax.  qema^d. 

Syn.  Insane.    Demented.    Lunatic 
rious.    Infuriated.    Crazy.    Maniacal. 


Fu- 
Quiet. 


Ant.    Sane.     Sound.     Sensible, 
Composed.    Unexcited.    Sober. 

Madden,  v.  tr.    See  Mad. 

Syn.  Infuriate.    Enrage.    Exasperate. 
Ant.   Calm.     Pacify.     Assuage.     Lay. 
Mesmerize. 


Madman,  n.      See    Mad  and 
I  Lunatic. 
1      Madness,  n.    See  Mad. 

Magisterial,  adj.  Magister, 
a  master. 

Syn.  Dictatorial.  Authoritative.  Im- 
posing.   Conseciuential. 

Ant.  Submissive.  Docile.  Undignified. 
Unimposing.    Modest.     Unassuming. 

Magistrate,  n.  See  Magis- 
terial and  Judge. 

Magnanimity,  n.  Magnus 
animus,  a  great  mind. 

SrN.  High-uiindedness.  Generosity.  For- 
bearance.   Clemency. 

Ant.  Meanness.  Pettiness.  Paltriness. 
Spitel'ulness.    Spleen. 

Magnificent,  adj.  Magnus, 
great,  and  facere,  to  maJce. 

Syn.  Grand.  Magnanimous.  Nobla 
Splendid.  Superb.  Imposing.  Gorgeousi 
Majestic.  DigniBed.  Stately.  August. 
Sublime. 

Ant.  Petty.  Mean.  Little.  Small- 
minded.  Paltry.  Ordinary.  Tawdry.  Beg- 
garly.   Unimposing.    Tame.    Flat. 

Magnify,  v.  tr.  See  Magni- 
ficent. 

Syn.  Enlarge.  Amplify.  Augment. 
Exaggerate.    Increase.    Extol. 

Ant.  Diminish.  Contract.  Curtail.  Pal- 
liate,   Extenuate.    Decry. 

Magniloquent,  adj.  Magnus, 
great,  and  lo(jui,  to  talk.  Big  or 
high-sounding  in  talk. 

SrN.  High-flown.  Altiloquent.  Bom* 
b.istic.    Tumid.    Turgid.    Boastful. 

Ant.  Simple.  Unaffected.  Plain-spoken. 
Vernacular. 

Magnitude,  «.    Magnus,  great. 

See  Size. 

MaiM;  -;.  tr.  Old  Fr.  mahaig- 
ner,  probably  of  Celtic  origin. 

Syn.  Disable.    Cripple.    Mutilate.    Mar. 
Ant.  Restore.  Reinvigorate.  Strengthen. 
Mend. 


Main,  n.    Sax.  mdgen^strcngtlif. 


251 


magan,  to  he  ahJe 
the  auxiliary  verb. 

ofx.  Bulk.    Majority.    Body.    Trunk. 
Ant.      Portion.        Section.       Minority. 
Branch.    Limb.    Tributary.    Member. 

Mainly,  adv.    See  Main. 

Stn.  Principally.  Largely.  Chiefly. 
Primarily. 

Ant.  Somewhat.  Partially.  Slightly. 
Subordinately. 

Maintain,  v.  tr.  Fr.  main- 
tenir,  Lat.  manus,  the  hand,  and 
tenere,  to  hold  or  support.  See 
Support. 

Majestic,  adj.  Majesfas,  ma- 
jesty.    See  Magnificent. 

Majesty,  n.  See  Majestic  and 
Magnificent. 

Majority,  v.  Lat.  major, 
greater.  Superiority  of  rank  or 
of  numbers. 

Syn.  Superiority.  Eldership.  Priority. 
Bulk.    Preponderance.  •  Seniority. 

Ant.   Inferiority.    Juniority.    Minority. 

Make,  v.  tr.     Sax.  macian. 

Stn.  Create.  Produce.  Frame.  Fashion. 
Fabricate.  Construct.  Effect.  Do.  Per- 
form. Execute.  Gain.  Find.  Establish. 
Compel.    Constitute.    Keach. 

Ant.  Annihilate.  Unmake.  Undo. 
Disintegrate.     Destroy.     De 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonyms 
Comp.  May 


Dismember. 

feat.    Miss.    Lose.    Mar. 


Makee, 


Disestablish. 

See  Make. 


Maladministration,  n.  Male, 
ladly,  and  administrare,  to  admi- 
nister. 

Stn.  Misrule.  Jlisgovernment.  Malver- 
sation. 

Ant.  Rule.  Government.  Adminis- 
tration. 

Malady,  n.  Lat.  mains,  lad, 
Fr.  maladie,  It.  malato,  sick. 

SrN.  Disorder.  Distemper.  Sickness. 
Ailment.     Disease.    Illness.    Complaint. 

Ant.  Health.  Sanity.  Soundness. 
Heartiness.    Vigour.    Bloom. 

Malcontent,  n.  Fr.  One 
who  is  ill-contented  -with  the 
government  under  which  he 
lives.  An  incipient  traitor  or 
rebel.    See  Insurgent. 


Malediction,  n.    Male  dieere, 

to  speak  ill.     See  Benediction. 

Malefactor,  «.  Male  facer e, 
to  do  ill.     See  Culprit. 

Maleficent,  adj.  See  Male- 
factor and  Beneficent. 

Malevolent,  adj.  Male  vo- 
lens.  Ill-inclined.  See  Benevo- 
lent. 

Malformation,  n.  Male  for- 
mare,  to  form  ill.     /S'ee  Deformity. 

Malice,  n.  Malitia,  malus, 
bad.    Bad  feeling.     See  Spite. 

Malign,  v.  tr.  Lat.  malignus, 
malus  and  genus,  of  evil  race  (»• 
nature.     See  Traduce. 

Malignant,  adj.  See  Malign 
and  Beneficent. 

Malignity,  n.  See  MaUgn 
and  Spite. 

Malleable,  adj.  Malleus,  a 
hammer.  Easily  hammered  out. 
See  Ductile. 

Maltreat,  v.  tr.  Male  trao- 
tare,  to  treat  ill.     See  Injure. 

Malversation,  n.  Male  ver^ 
sari,  to  behave  ill,  especially  in  an 
official  capacity. 

Stn.  Malpractice.    Corraption. 

Ant.  Integrity.  Uncorruptness.  Up- 
rightness. 

jManage,  V.  tr.  Fr.  menage. 
Low  Lat.  mansionaticum,  the  ad- 
ministration of  a  household. 

Stn.  Handle.  Mmipulate.  Control. 
Conduct.  Administer.  Mould.  Regulate. 
Contrive.    Train.    Husband. 

Ant.  Mismanage.  Misconduct.  Upset 
Derange.    Misuse. 

Manageable,  adj.  See  Ma- 
nage. Apphed  to  undei-takings 
and  persons. 

Sin.  Easy.  Feasible.  Possible.  Docile. 
Tractable.    Practicable. 

Ant.  Difficult.  Impracticable.  Impos* 
slble.  Unmanasiable.  lutractaVje.  Il«- 
fractory.     Uutameable. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


255 


Management,  n.    See  Manage. 

Stk.  Treatment.  Condtict.  Adminis- 
tration.   Government.    Skill.    Address. 

Stn'.  JIaltreatment.  Misconduct.  Mal- 
administration. JMisgovernment.  Jlala- 
droitness. 

IManager,  ».     See  Manage. 

Mandate,  n.  Ma-ndare-datm, 
to  command.  An  official  com- 
mand. 

Stk.  Command.    Order.    Edict. 
Ajjt.    Suggestion.      Petition.     Eequcst. 
Entreaty. 

IVIanful,  ad.j.     See  Manly. 

Mangle,  v.  tr.  Low.  Germ. 
mank,  deficient,  mutilated.  See 
Maim  and  Lacerate. 

IManhood,  11.     See  Man. 

Stx.  Humanity.  Virility.  Maturity. 
Manliness.    Manlulness. 

Ant.  Dirinity.  AVomanhood.  Cliild- 
hood.    Childishness. 

Mania,  n.     Gr.     Sec  Madness. 

IManiac,  r<.  See  Mania  and 
Madman. 

Manifest,  adj.  Lat.  mani- 
fcstus. 

Stn.  Visible.  Ob\-ious.  Distinct.  Con- 
spicuous.   Indubitable.    Evident. 

Ant.  Invisible.  Dubious.  Inconspicu- 
ous.   Indistinct. 

Manifest,  v.  tr.    See  Exhibit. 

Manifold,  adj.  Sax.  maneg, 
many,  and  fecddan ,  to  fold. 

Stn.  Numerous.  Multiplied.  Diverse. 
Multigenous.  Multifarious.  Varied.  Va- 
rious.    Multitudin(jus. 

Ant.  Few.  Scant.  Bare.  Scarce. 
Limited.    Unifonn. 

IManipulate,  v.  tr.  Manijm- 
Inre,  manus,  the  hand.  See 
Handle  and  Manage. 

]Mankind,  01.  Man  and  Kind, 
meaning  kindred  or  a  race. 

Stn.  Humanity.    Man.    Men.     Society. 

Ant.   Divinity.    Deity.     God.     Heaven. 

Nature.    Earth.    World.    Creation.    Cattle. 

jManlike,  adj.  See  Man  and 
Like. 

Stk.  See  llanlv,  a  corruption  of  5Ian- 
Uke. 


Manly,  adj.    For  lilanlike. 

Srs.  Bold.  Courageous.  GoTierous 
Open.  Chivalrous.  Frank.  Fim..  Ncble 
Stately.    Fine.    JMature. 

Ant.  Womanish.  Childish.  Timid. 
Unmanly.  Dastardly.  AVeab.  Puny.  Un- 
grown.    Boyish. 

Manner,?;.  Fr.  manierc,  ma- 
nus, the  hand:  A  way  of  treat- 
ment. Thence,  a  way  of  conduct, 
hfe,  deportment,  or  proceeding, 
and  fashion  of  existence. 

Stn.  Mode.  M_ethod.  Style.  Form. 
Fashion.  Carriage.'  Behaviour.  Deport- 
ment.   Habit.    Sort.    Kind. 

jVnt.  Worlc.  Project.  Design.  Perform- 
ance. Life.  Action.  Proceeding.  Appear- 
ance.   Being. 

Man-nekism,  n.  Sec  Manner. 
Is  used  for  such  adherence  to 
affected  pecuUarity  of  style  or 
expression  as  is  carried  to  excess, 
as  distinguished  from  natural 
characteristics. 

Stn.  Self-repetition.  Affectation.  Eu- 
phuism.   Self-consciousness. 

Ant.  Naturalness.  Unaffectedness.  Cha- 
racter. Peculiarity.  Idiosyncracy.  Genuine- 
ness.   Specialty. 

Mannerly,  adj.    See  Manner. 

Stn.   Polite.     Well-behaved.    Well-bred. 

Ant.  Unmannerly.  Rude.  Coarse. 
Rough. 

Manners,  h.  See  Manner. 
The  word  in  the  plural,  of  old, 
meant  moral  conduct.  It  now 
means  social  demeanour. 

Stn.  Deportment.  Behaviour.  Carriage. 
Courtesy.  Politeness.  Intercourse.  De- 
meanour. 

Ant.  Misdemeanour.  Misbehaviour.  Un- 
mannerliness. 

Manoeuvre,  n.  Fr.  main, 
hand,  and  auvre,  ivork. 

Stn.  Operation.  Tactics.  Contrivance 
Movement. 

Ant.  Counteraction.  Defeat.  Baffle- 
ment. Detection.  Countermovement. 
Checlc.    Neutralization. 

Mansuetude,  n.  Lat.  man- 
saetudo,  manus,  the  hand,  and 
suescere.,  to  become  accustomed. 

Stk.  bocilily.  MUdness.  Gentleness, 
Tameness. 

Ant.  Ferocity.  Wildness.  Firrecnesa 
Savageness.    Untameableness. 


256 


Manufacture,  ».  Lut.  maims 
and /ace?-e,  to  maha. 

SiK.  Make.  Production.  Fabrication. 
Composition.  Construction.  MauipulatioD. 
Moulding. 

Ant.  Use.  Employment.  Consump- 
tion.    Wear. 

Manumit,  v.  Lat.  manus,  a 
hand,  and  mittere,  to  send  off— 
referring  to  the  Eoman  cere- 
mony of  giving  slaves  their  free- 
dom.   See  Enslave. 

Manumission,  n.  See  Manu- 
mit. 

Many,  adj.    Sax.  manii/. 

Syn.  Numerous.  Abundant.  Frequent. 
Mtmifold.    Divers.    Sundry. 

Ant.  Few.    Scarce.    Rare.    Infrequent. 

Mar,  v.  tr.  Sax.  merran,  to 
impede  or  dissipate. 

Stn.  Spoil.  Hurt.  Damage.  Injure. 
Defeat.    Impair.    Maim.  I 

AST.  JIake.  Restore.  Mend.  Improve 
Reinstate.    Promote.    Knliance.    Conserve. 

Mar.\udek.  Der.  imcertain, 
Perhaps  Lat.  morari,  to  hiter. 
hang  about. 

Stn.  Plunderer.  Invader.  Rover.  Free- 
fcooter.  Moss-trooper.    Filibuster.    PiUager. 

Ant.  Ranger.  Guard.  Sentry.  Keeper. 
Outpost.    Marcher. 

Margin,  ik  Jj&t. margo,  inis. 
Used  metaphorically  for  avail- 
able contingent  space  over  and 
above  the  primary  limitations  of 
a  thing. 

StN.  Edge.  Lip.  Boundary.  Latitude. 
]loom.    Loophole. 

Ant.  Figure.  Space.  Centre.  Limita- 
tion.   Restriction.    Stringency. 

]\Iarine,  ad).  Murinus,  mare. 
Belonging  to  the  sea. 

Stn.  Oceanic.  Sea.  Neptunian.  Mari- 
time.    Naval.    Salt-water.    Nautical. 

Ant.  Terrestrial.  Terrene.  Land.  Fresh- 
water. 

Marital,  adj.  Of  or  belong- 
ing to  the  condition  of  a  hus- 
band. 

Stn.  Matrimonial.  Conjugal.  Connu- 
oial.    Nuptial     Hymeneal. 

AST.  Single.  Celibate.  Unwcdded.  Ln- 
oannubial. 


iStjnonyms  and  Antonyms. 

Maritime,  adj.    See  Marine. 
Mark,  n.    Sax.  mearc     Used 
metaphorically  for  notability, 


mearg. 
Substance.     Essence, 


Stn.  Trace.  Token.  Sign.  Symptom. 
Impression.     Indication.     Note. 

AST.  Erasure.  Obliteration.  Effate- 
ment.     Unindicativeness.    Plainness. 

Mark,  v.  See  Mark,  n.  To 
give  heed  to  a  mark,  or  to  make 
a  mark  upon. 

Stn.  Stamp.  Label.  Sign.  Indicate. 
Decorate.  Brand.  Stigmatize.  Signalize. 
Note.  Observe.  Regard.  Heed.  Specify. 
Specialize. 

Aht.  Ignore.  Overlook.  Omit.  Mis- 
label. Mismark.  Misindicate.  Misobserve. 
Misspecify. 

Marriage,  n.  Low  Lat.  ma- 
ritaqium. 

Stn.  Matrimony.  Nuptia:s.  Espousals. 
Wedlock. 

Ant.  Celibacy.    Virginity. 

Marrow,     n.        Sax. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Stn.   Pith.    Gist.    "  '    ' 
Life.    Cream.    Kernel. 

Ant.  Surplusage.  Redundancy.  Excre- 
scence. Superfluity.  Clothing.  Dressing. 
Amplification.    Volume.    Mass.    Body. 

]Marshal,  v.  tr.  Old  Germ. 
marah,  a  horse  (comp.  Mace), 
and  scale,  servant,  Fr.  marechal, 
means  a  marshal  and  a  farner. 
The  term  seems  to  have  ascended 
gradually  from  the  rank  of  the 
lowest  to  that  of  the  highest 
officer  of  cavalry,  through  inter- 
mechate  stages,  as,  provost-mar- 
shal, &c.,  of  a  social  or  civil  cha- 
racter. 

Stn.  See  Order  and  Arrange. 

Martial,  adj.  Mars,  martis. 
Having  the  qualities  or  bearing 
of  soldiers,  also  appertaining  to 
the  profession  of  a  soldier. 

Stn.  31ilitary.    AVariiko. 

Ant.  Unmartial.    Unuiilitary.    IVatcfii: 

Martyrdom,  ??.  Martyr.  Gr. 
fjLcipTvs,  a  icitncss;  one  who  Idrt 
7ritness  itnto  death  to  the  reh'gioi^ 
of  Chn'st.     Used  sometimes  ol> 


Synonyms  and  Antoiujins. 


257 


joctionably  in  the  sense  of  tor- 
tiu-e.     -b'te  Torture. 

Snr.  Confession. 

Ant.  Renegation.    Abjurntion. 

Marvel,  n.  Lat.  mlraUUs. 
Used  objectively  for  a  matter  of 
wonder,  and  subjectively  for  the 
feeling  of  it. 

Stn.  Wonder.  Prodigy.  Admiration. 
Portent.  Miracle.  Astonishment.  Amaze- 
ment.   Phenomenon. 

Ant.  Incuriosity.  Unconcern.  Joke. 
Trifle.  Farce.  Bagatelle.  Moonshine. 
Cipher.    Drug.    Imijosture.    Juggle. 

Marvellous,  adj.  See  Mar- 
vel. 

Masculine,  adj.  Masculinus, 
mas,  a  male. 

Sin.  Male.    Manly.    Manful. 

Ant.  Female.  Feminine.  Womanish. 
Womanly.    Effeminate. 

Mash,  v.  tr.  Sax.  miscan, 
Germ,  meischen. 

Syn.  Mix.  Knead.  Compound.  Amal- 
gamate. 

Ant.  Discompound.  Sift.  Winnow. 
Disamalgamate. 

Mask,  n.  Low.  Lat,  masca. 
Used  symbolically. 

Stn.  Pretext.  Pretence.  Screen.  Ruse. 
Cover.    Hypocrisy. 

Ant.  Truth.  Nakedness.  Detection. 
Exposure.  Unmasking.  Verity.  Openness. 
Candour. 

Mask,  v.  tr.     See  noun. 
Stn.    Hide.      Screen.      Blink.      Cloke. 
Di^uise. 
Ant.  Expose.    Unmask.    Detect. 

Mass,  n.  Lat.  massa,  Gr. 
uatrcreti',  to  knead. 

Stn.  Lump.  Body.  Bulk.  Mjjorlty. 
Heap. 

Ant.  Fragment  Bit.  Portion.  Morsel. 
Section.    Minority. 

Massacre,  «.  Fr.  Low  Lat. 
7nazarium,  Germ,  mdzger,  a 
hidclier.    See  Carnage. 

Massive,  adj.  See  Mass  and 
Huge. 

fc;vN.  Solid.     Huge,    f^olossal.     Weighty. 

Mightv.  \'ast. 

Ant.  Slight.      Petty.      Sliuited.      Frail. 

SlciKiei-.  Airy. 


Master,  «.     Lat.  maf/>sf,'r. 

Syn.  Lord.  Ruler.  Governor.  Owner 
Possessor.  Proprietor.  Teacher.  Professor. 
Adept. 

Ant.  Servant.  Slave.  Subject.  Pro- 
perty.   Learner.    Pupil.    Tyro. 

Master,  v.  tr.    See  noun. 

Syn.  Conquer.  Overcome.  Subdue. 
Overpower. 

Ant.  Yield.  Fail.  Surrender.  Suc- 
cumb. 

Masterly,  adj.    See  Master. 

Stn.  Finished.    Artistic.    Consummate 
Ant.  Clumsy.  Rude.  Bungling.   Botchy 

Unskilled.    Maladroit. 

Ma.stery,  n.    See  Master. 

Stn.  Authority.  Leadership.  Head- 
ship. Proficiency.  Success.  Superiority. 
Victory.     Advantage. 

Ant.  Subservience.  Submission.  Tute- 
lage. Guidance.  Obedience.  Inexpertness. 
Ignorance.    Failure.    Defeat.    Surrender. 

Masticate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  mas- 
ticare. 

Syn.  Manducate.    Chew. 
Ant.  Bolt.    Gobble. 

Match,  n.  Sax.  macu.  Used 
in  the  following  various  senses : — 

Stn.  Equal.  Mate.  Companion.  Con- 
test.   Competition.    Tally.    Equality.    Pair. 

Ant.  Superior.  Inferior.  Mismatch. 
Oddity.    Disparity.    Inequality. 

Match,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See  noun. 

Stn.  Equal.  Compare.  Oppose.  Pit. 
Adapt.    Sort.    Suit.    Mate. 

Ant.  Fail.  Exceed.  Preponderate.  Sur- 
pass. Mismatch.  Dissociate.  Separate.  Mis- 
fit.   Misadapt.    Missurt, 

Matchless,  adj.    See  Match,  v. 

Sts.  Consummate.  Incomparable.  Peer- 
less. 

Ant.  Common.  Ordinary.  E very-day. 
Commonplace. 

Mate,  n.  and  v.  Icel.  7nati, 
conqianivn.     See  Match. 

Material,  n.    Lat.  materies. 

Syn.  Subst;ince.    Stuff. 

Ant,  Work.    Production.    Design. 

Material,  adj.  See  noun,  and 
Essential. 

Matrimony,  n.  Lat.  matri- 
mohiinii,  huiter,  a  mother.  See 
Wedlock. 


258 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Lat.    matrona. 


Lat.  rri'ifv.- 
in  the  morii- 


\Vi 


Dawn- 

lal.       Evening. 

Contracted 


]\Iatbon, 
mater. 

Sts.  Mother.   Woman.   Dowager.   Dame. 

AST.  Girl.  Lass.  Damsel.  Spinster. 
Miss. 

Matter,  n.    Lat.  mrtteries. 

Syx.  Substance.  Stuff.  Subject.  Bcdy. 
IniportancM.  (Or,  prefixing  the  definite  article) 
The  Visible.  Taiigible.  Substantial.  Cor- 
jional.     I'lij-sical.     Ponderable. 

-■Vnt.  Immateriality.  Spirituality.  Jlind. 
Intellect.  .Spirit.  The  Invisible.  Unseen. 
Spiritual,    iloral.    Blental.    Intellectual. 

Mature,  wlj.  Lat.  maturus. 
See  Eipe. 

Matutinal,  adj. 
tiiuts,  from  manf, 
ing. 

"SiK.  Early.  iMorning. 
iiig. 

AXT.  Late.  Vcspoi 
.Slumbering.     Waning. 

Maudlin,  adj. 
from  Magdalene,  who  was  drawn 
hy  painters  with  eyes  red  with 
weeping;  the  appearance  being 
referred  in  other  cases  to  semi- 
intoxication.  The  word  was 
taken  to  express  that  state,  and 
the  sickly  sentimentality  which 
sometimes  accomi5anies  it. 

.Syn.  Into.xicated.       'I'enmlcr.t.       .Senti-  i 

mental.  JIawkish.     Mellow.                             | 

A  XT.  Sensible.     Uuromantic.    Unsenti-  i 

mental.  Dry.    Sober.                                       I 

Mawkish,  adj.  Scot,  maul-,  j 
a  magfiot.  Having  a  disgusting 
and  sickening  effect.  | 

SvK.  Sickly.  Sentimental.  Jlatidlin.  i 
Insipid. 

Ant.  Savoury.  Sensible.  Sound.  Fine,  i 
Pungent.    Palatable.  ; 

Maxim,  n.  Lat.  maxima  ( sen- 
ten  tia).  The  sentence  which  is  \ 
the  strongest  or  most  authorita-  I 
tive  form  of  stating  a  principle.     | 

SvN.  Adage.     Pule,    .\xiuni.    Apothegm. 
Axt.    Absurdity.      .Siphiim.      i^'uibble.  j 
Pa)  ados.    Enigma. 

IMaximum,  n.  Lat.  The ; 
greatest  extent,  or  (i.c  highest ; 
point.  I 


Stn.  Ultimatum.    Climax.    Acinc.  ?«• 

nilh.  Ape.\.  Completion.  Utmost.  Con- 
summation.   Culmination. 

Akt.    Initiative.     Commencement  In- 

choation.  Incompletion.  Abortion.  De- 
crease. Wane.  Minimum.  Morsel.  Frag- 
ment. 

jMaze,  n.  Sax,  7nase,  a  whirl- 
pool, Icel.  meis,  a  curve.  ,See 
Labyrinth. 

Meagre,  adj.    Lat.  7nacer. 

Stn.  Thin.  ly.an.  Lank.  Scanty. 
Barren. 

AXT.  Stout.  Fat.  Brawny.  Abundant. 
Fertile.    Copious. 

Mean.  Sax.  man.  Allied  to 
Lat.  comimtnis. 

Stn.  Common.  Low.  Base.  Spiritless. 
Dishonourable.  Contemptible.  Despicable. 
Beggarly.    Sordid.    Niggardly. 

Ant.  High.  Exalted.  Eminent  Spi- 
rited. Honourable.  Lordly.  IMncely, 
IMuuificent.    Liberal.    Generous. 

Mean,  adj.  Lat.  mediamts, 
medius,  or  else  from  above. 

Srx.  Jliddle.    Intermediate.    Avemge. 

Ant.  Extreme.    Excessive.    E.\orbitant. 

Mean,  n.     See  adject  icf. 

Syn.  Medium.  Moderation.  Balance. 
Average. 

Ant.  Extreme.  Excess.  Preixinderance 
Disproportion.  Deficiency.  Shortcoming, 
Inailequacy. 

Mean,  v.  tr.  Sax.  riuman,  re- 
cite, lajnenf,  wean. 

Stn.  Intend.  Purpose.  Design.  Signify. 
Denote.    Indicate.    Suggest.    Hint. 

Ant.  .Say.  State.  Enunciate.  Da 
Execute.    Perform. 

Meaning,  n.    See  Mesm. 

Meanness,  n.     See  Mean,  «<//. 

jMeans,  ;/.  <S'('e  Mean,  ».  The 
middle  thing  between  the  pur- 
l^ose  and  the  execution. 

Syn.  Resources.     Instnnntnt.     Media. 
Ant.  End.     Purpose.     OL'ject. 

Measure,  ??.      Lat.   ni<-,iRura. 
See  Dimension. 
Measure,  v.     Mitiri,  rmnsus, 

to  mete  or  measure. 

SvN.  Mole.  Estimate.  Gaugc>.  Vaioe, 
Appraise. 

.Vnt.  Misfit.  Misconform.  Misme«6Ure, 
Misdeal.    Misaj-poi  lioii. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Measceeless,  (tflj.  See  Mea- 
ffure  and  Infinite. 

Mechanical,  uJj.  Lat.  ma- 
chine, Fr.  mechanique.  Going, 
as  it  were,  by  machinery,  with 
little  appearance  of  volition. 
Sometimes  opposed  to  chemical. 

Sr\.  Habitual.  Automatic.  Unreflec- 
tive.  Spontaneous.  Effortless.  Unim- 
passioned. 

Akt.  Laboured.  Sclf-consrimis.  Forced. 
Feeling.  Spirited.  Appreciative.  Life- 
like.   Lively.    Impassioned.    Animated. 

Meddle,  v.  int.  Lat.  medium. 
Comp.  Middle  and  Medley. 

Six.  Stie  Interfere. 

Meddlesome,  adj.  See  Meddle. 

Stx.  Officious.  Obtrusive.  Intrusive. 
Interfering. 

AxT.  Unoflficious.  Inobtrusive.  Un- 
nieddlesome. 

Mediation,  n.    See  jMeddle. 

Stn.  Interference.  Interposition.  Re- 
conciliation. Atonement.  Arbitration. 
Adjustment. 

AxT.  Neutrality.  Non-interference. 
Indifference. 

Medicament,  ??.  Lat.  medica- 
ment um,  mederi,  to  heal.  See 
Eemedy. 

Medicate,  v.  tr.  See  Medi- 
cament. 

SvN.  Treat.  Compound.  Amalgamate. 
Adulterate.    Sophisticate.    Drug. 

AXT.  Clarily.  Analyze.  Purify.  Defe- 
cate.   Simplify.    Disadulterate. 

Medicine,  n.  See  Medica- 
ment. 

Sra.  Kemedy.  I'hysic.  Therapeutics. 
Antidote.    Salve.    Cure.    Corrective. 


Mediocrity,  ?;..  Lat.  medio- 
critas,  mediu.t.  The  qnality  of 
being  in  a  middling  state,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  anything  higher 
or  better. 

Svx.  Commonplace.  Mear.  Medium. 
A.ver«se.     Sufficiency. 

Ant.  Excellence.  Superiority.  Rarity. 
Brilliance.    Distinction. 

Meditate,  ?•.  tr.  and  iut.  Lat. 
meditari. 


Stn.  Think.  Cogitate.  Purpose.  Ru- 
minate.   Contemplate.    J'lan. 

Ant.  E.xecute.  Enact.  Comploto.  Con- 
summate. 

Medium,  n.   Lat.    See  Mean,  h . 

Medley,  n.  Old  Fr.  nnsltr. 
Lat.  mincere,  to  mix. 

Syn.  Jumble.  Confusion.  Tumult 
Mixture.     Hodge-podge.     Litter. 

AxT.  Assortment.  Arrangement.  Dis- 
position. Classification.  Interdistinction 
Urouping.    Collocation. 

Meed,  n.  Sax.  med,  Gr.  fiiaOo^, 
a  reivard  of  merit. 

Stn.  Guerdon.  Premium.  Prize.  Re 
ward. 

Ant.  Penalty.  Punishment.  Brand. 
Stigma.    Amercement. 

Mbek,  adj.     Old  Eng. 

Syn.  Mild.  Gentle.  Submissive.  Mo- 
dest.    Yielding. 

Ant.  Bold.  Arrog.iiit.  Self-asserticft 
Irritable.    Proud.    High-spirited. 

Meet,  v.  act.  and  neut. 

Stn.  Encounter.  Confront.  Engage. 
Assemble.    Unite.    Coalesce.    Converge. " 

Ant.  Miss.  Pass.  Escape.  Elu(^« 
Avoid.  Pecline.  Disperse.  Diverge.  Se- 
parate.   Vary.    Disagree. 

Melancholy,  adj.  Gr.  /xeXas-, 
Mack,  and  x°^^>  .9^^^  o^"  ^''^''• 

Stn.  Gloomy.  Sad.  Dejected.  Dis- 
consolate. Dismal.  Moody.  Hypochon- 
driacal. 

Ant.  Lively.  Sprightly.  Gladsome. 
Gleesome.  Bliihesonie.  Happy.  Cheerful. 
Gamesome.    Mirthful.     Merry. 

Melancholy,??.    See  adject  ice, 

Meliorate,  v.  tr.  See  Ame- 
liorate. 

Mellifluous,  adj.  Mel,  meil's, 
honey,  and  fluere,  tojloiv. 

Stn.  Dulcet.  Euphonious.  Silvery. 
Flowing,    Smooth. 

Ant.  Harsh.  Hoarse.  Abrupt.  R.in. 
corous.    Rough.    Discordant.     Broken. 

Mellow,  adj.  Sax.  milisc, 
sweet,  ripe. 

S^-N.  Ripe.  Rich.  Full-flavoured, 
Jovial 

Ant.  Unripe.  Harsh.  Sour.  Acid. 
Acrid.    Crabbed.    Sober.    Drj-. 

Melodious,  adj.  Gr.  /xeXwSi'a 
See  Musical. 

s  2 


260 


Si/noni/ms  and  Aniomjms. 


MsLT,  V.  ir.  and  inf.  Sax. 
rncltan. 

Stm.  Dissolve.  Liquify.  Colliquate. 
Ruu.    now.    Fuse. 


Member,  //.  Lat.  memlrum, 
.7  limh. 

Stn.  I.irab.  Part.  Portion.  Con- 
stituent.    Oomponont. 

Ant.  Body.  ftTiole.  Entirety.  Con- 
stitution. Organization.  Community.  As- 
sociation. 

Memorable,  adj.  Memorare, 
memor,  mindful.  Worthy  to  be 
remembered. 

Si-JT.  Great.  Striking.  Efmarkable. 
Conspicuous.  Prominent.  Noticeable.  Illus- 
trious. Extraordinary.  Famous.  Distin- 
guished. 

Akt.  Petty.  Trifling.  Ordinary.  In- 
significant. Urmoticeable.  Slight.  Trivial 
Mediocre. 

Memoeial,  n.  See  Memo- 
rable. 

Stn.  Monument.  Record.  Memento. 
Celebration.  Remembrance.  Ptellc.  In- 
scription. 

Act.  Obliviation.  Silentiation.  Obli- 
teration.   Effacement.    Erasure. 

memwia. 


Memory,    n.     Lat. 


Used  subjectively  for  the  faculty 
of  remembering,  and  objectively 
for  the  state  of  being  remem- 
bered. 

Stn.  Remembrance.  Reminiscence.  Per- 
petuation.  Recollection.  Retention.  Re- 
trospect.    Fame. 

Akt.  Forgetfulness.    Oblivion. 

Menace,  v.  tr.  Lat.  minari, 
minax,  to  threaten.     See  Threaten. 

!Mend,  v.  tr.  Lat.  emendare, 
menda,  afnuU. 

Stn.  Repair.  Restore.  Correct.  Pro- 
mote.   Improve.    P.ectify.    Reform. 

Akt.  Damage.  Impair.  Pervert.  Re- 
tard. Deteriorate.  Falsify.  Corrupt. 
sp(^il. 

MENDACrrr,  n.  Lat.  mendax, 
mendacious,  lyiny. 

Srs.  Falsehood.  Lying.  Untrathful- 
ne.ss.  Deception.  Prevarication.  Dupli- 
city. 

AST.  Veracity.  Trath fulness.  Frank- 
nes.s.    Candour.    Ingenuousness. 


MENDICITY,?*.  'Lxi.  menlicare, 
to  beg. 

Stn.  Mendicancy.    Beggary. 
AsT.  Industry.    Labour. 

Menial,  adj.  Norm.  Fr.  mes- 
nee,  a  houseliold  or  family.  Comp. 
Menage. 

Srs.  Domestic.  Attendant.  Dependent. 
Servile. 

Akt.  Paramount.  Sovereign.  Supreme. 
Lordly.  Independent.  Uncontrolled.  Auto- 
cratic. 

Mensuration,  n .  See  Measure. 
Used  also  in  the  technical  sense 
of— 

Six.  Surveying.    Geometry.    Geodesy. 

Mkntal,  adj.  Lat.  mens, 
mentis,  the  mind.  Appertaining 
to  the  mind. 

Stk.  Intellectual.  SubJecUve.  Meta- 
physical.   Psychical.  Psychological. 

Akt.  Corporeal.  Objective.  PhysicaL 
Bodily. 

Mention.  Lat.  meminisse,  from 
mens,  to  remember.  A  memorial 
notice. 

SrK.  Declaratisn.  Notice.  Annonnce- 
ment.    Observation. 

Akt.  Silence.  Suppression.  Forgetful- 
ness.   Omission. 

jMephitic.  Lat.  mephiticus, 
from  mephitis.  Foully  vaporous 
or  malarious. 

Si-K.  Malarious.    Miasmatic. 
Akt.  Balmy.    Genial.    Salubrious. 

IMercantile,  adj.  Mercari,  to 
traffic,  merx,  merchandize. 

Stk.  Commercial.  interchangeable. 
Wholesale.    Retail.    Marketable. 

Akt.  Stagnant.  Unmarketable.  Un- 
mercantile. 

Mercenary,  adj.  merces,  j^ay. 
Acting  from  motives  of  profit. 

Stk.  Sordid.  Venal.  Selfish.  Avaricious. 
Griping. 

Akt.  Liberal.  Generous.  Disinterested. 
Profuse.    Prodigal. 

Merchant,  ».  See  i\Iercantile. 

Stk.  Trader.     Dealer.     Imiwrter. 

Akt.  Shopman.  Salesman.  Retailer. 
Chapman.  Hawker.  Huckster.  Pedlar. 
Chandler.    C>slermonger.    Jobber. 


Si/)ionijms  and  Antony uu 


261 


Merct,  n.     Lai  inisericordia. 

Stn.  Compassion.  Clemency.  Forgive- 
ness.. ^Forbearance.  Grace.  Benefit.  Gift. 
Pity. 

Ant.  Exaction.  Harshness.  Cruelty. 
Vengeance.  Unpityingness.  Unforgive- 
ness. 

Mere,  adj.    Sax.  mcv.re,  Lat 

Srx.  Pure.  Unmixed.  Absolute.  UU' 
iiifluenced.  Unadulterated.  Unaffected. 
Simple. 

Ant.  Mixed.  Compound.  Impure. 
Biassed. 

Mereteicious,  (tdj.  Meretrix, 
a  harlot. 

Syn.  Tricksy.  Uncliaste.  Gaudy.  Im- 
pure.    Tawdry.    Flashy. 

Ant.  Solid.  Good.  Chaste.  Simple. 
Pure. 

Merge,  v.  tr.  Lat.  mergere,  to 
sink.     See  Sink. 

Meridian,  n.  The  position  of 
the  sun  at  noon,  from  Lat.  me- 
diits  and  dies,  mid-day.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Sy.v.  Zenith.     Summit.     Culmination. 

Height.  Ape.K.     Acme.    Pinnacle. 

Ant.  Nadir.  Depth.  Depression.  Pro- 
fundity. Base. 

Merit,  n,  Mereri,  meritus,  to 
deserve. 

Stn.  Goodness.  Worth.  Worthmess. 
Desert.    Excellence. 

Ant.  Badness.  Demerit.  Unworthiness. 
Worthlessness.  Wealcness.  Imperfection 
Error.     Defect.    Fault.    Failing. 

Merry,  adj.  Sax.  myrig.  See 
Melancholy, 

Mesh.  Sax.  masc,  a  reticula- 
tion.    Used  metaphorically. 

SvN.  Intricacy.  Entanglement.  Invo- 
lution.    Snare. 

Ant.  Extrication.    Escape.    Deliverance. 

Message,  «.  Fr.from  the  Lat. 
mittere,  missus,  to  send. 

SrN.  Communication.  Intimation.  Mis- 
«lTe.     Notice. 

Ant.  Non-communicatiun.  Intercep- 
tion. 

Metaphor.  Gr.  fifra,  and 
<ptpiiv,  to  carry  out  y'  tkc  littnd 
to  a  figurative. 


Stn.  Similitude.    Image. 
Ant.  Letter.    Literalness. 


MErAPHTSiCAL,  adj.  Meta- 
physics. /xfT-a  TO.  ^vaiKa,  after 
the  Physics — which  were  first 
treated  by  Aristotle;  as,  secondly, 
Metaphysics,  the  science  of 
thought  and  conception,  as  dis- 
tinct from  the  study  of  physical 
or  external  objects. 

Stn.  Mental.  Intellectual.  Abstract. 
Ideal.  Conceptional.  Subjective.  Rela- 
tional.   Notional.    Abstruse.    Psychical. 

Ant.  Physical.  Physiological.  Pal- 
pable. External.  Substantial.  Practical 
Corporeal.    Material.    Objective. 

Mete,  v.  tr.     Metiri,  to  mea- 


sure. 

Stn.  Measure. 
Ant.  Misdeal. 


Apportion.     Distribute 
Misapportion. 

Meteoric,  adj.  Like  a  meteor. 
fifTfiopos,  aerial.  Used  some- 
times in  the  sense  of  the  follow- 
ing :— 

Syn.  Momentary.  Flashing.  Displosive. 
Phosphorescent.  Pyrotechnic.  Coruscant. 
Volciinic. 

Ant.  Permanent.  Beaming.  Burning. 
Steady.     Per^istent.     Enduring. 

Method,  n.  Lat.  methodus, 
fifTci,  after,  and  odos,  a  rvay. 
The  word  signifies,  first,  an 
orderly  or  approved  mode  of 
scientific  inquiry  after  truth; 
thence,  order,  as  shown  in  treat- 
ment, procedure,  or  arrange- 
ment. 

Stn.  Order.  System.  Rule.  WaN. 
Manner.  Mode.  Course.  Process.  Regu- 
larity.   Arrangement. 

AxT.  Disorder.  Conjecture.  Empiricism. 
Quackery.  Experimentation.  Assumption. 
Guess-work. 

Methodical,  adj.  See  Me- 
thod. 

Methodize,  v.  tr.  See  Method. 
To  reduce  to  mental  order  or 
method.  Not  used  of  things  ex- 
ternal to  the  mind. 

Shape.     Arrange.      Ordei.      Mar- 
shal.    Luucleate.    Eliminate.    Organize. 

Ant.  Confuse.  Jumble.  Disorder.  Dl* 
organize. 


262 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Mettle,  n.  Same  word  as 
Metal,  Metalhnn,  a  mine  or 
metal  The  stuff  of  which  a  thing 
is  made ;  the  characteristic  spirit. 
Spirit  emphatically. 

Sts.  Ardour.  Spirit.  Life.  Fire.  Ani- 
Dation. 

A>.'T.  Hebetude.  Insensibility.  Callous- 
ness.     Placidity.      Stoicism.       Cowardice. 

Submissiveness.    Slavlshness. 

Mettlesome,  adj.   See  Mettle. 

Mew,  v.  See  Confine.  From 
mutare,  to  change.  To  change 
feathers,  or  moult  as  birds  do, 
and  hawks  in  particular,  which 
during  the  process  were  coniined 
in  cages  called  mews.  The  word 
is  still  used  in  the  plural,  and 
the  sense  of  stables. 

Miasmatic.       Miasma.      Gr. 

Uiatveiv,  to  infect. 

Stn.  Effluvious.  Malarious.  Foetid. 
Polluted.     Noxious.    Mephitic. 

Ant.  Balmy.  Pure.  Untainted.  Salu- 
brious. 

Middle,  n.  Lat.  medius.  See 
Mean. 

3I1DDLING,  adj.  See  Middle 
and  Tolerable. 

]\IiDST,  n.  Contracted  from 
rniddest,  the  superlative  of  mid. 

Stn.  ISIiddle.  Centre.  Thiclc.  Tbroug. 
Heart. 

Ant.  Outskirt.  Confine.  Edge.  Limit. 
E.xtreme.    Purlieu.    Margin. 

Mien,  n.     Fr.  viine. 

Stn.  Loolt.  Aspect.  Air.  Manner. 
Appearance.  Carriage.  Bearing.  Deport- 
meut. 

Ant.  Character.  Disposition.  Tempera- 
metit.  Constitution.  Nature.  Being.  Per- 
sonality. 

Might,  n.  Sax.  meaht,  from 
mafjan,  to  he  able — the  root  of 
may. 

S?>-.  strength.    Force.    Power. 

Ant.  Weakness.  Inflrmity.  Feeble- 
ness. 

IVIiaHTY,  af^/.  /See  Might.  Some- 
times used  also  in  the  sense  of 
haughty. 


Mild,  adj.    Sax.  mild. 

Stn.  Moderate.  Lenient.  Calm.  Gentla 
Genial.    'J'empered. 

Ant.  Violent.  Wild.  Fience.  Savage. 
Strong.    Severe.    Merciless.    Harsh.   Bitter. 

MiLiTAKT,  adj.  Lat.  militaris, 
miles,  a  soldier.     See  Martial. 

Militate,  v.  int.  See  MiUtary. 
Used  with  the  prep,  against. 

Stn.  Contend.  Conflict.  Jar.  Clash. 
Disagree. 

Ant.  Harmonize.  Agree.  Suit.  Coin- 
cide. 

Milky.  Sax.  from  melcan, 
Lat.  midgerc,  Gr.  a^eXyeiv,  to 
milk.  Having  any  or  all  of  the 
properties  of  milk. 

Syn.  White.    Emulcent.     Chalky. 
Ant.  Inky.    Irritant.    Luteous. 

MiNACiTY,  n.    See  Menace. 

MiNATOKY,  adj.     See  Menace. 

MiNCE,  V.  tr.  Sax.  minsian, 
from  minn,  minor.  To  cut  or 
divide  into  lesser  pieces.  Used 
metaphorically  for  to  diminish, 
as,  the  force  of  a  statement. 

Stn.  Attenuate.  Comminute.  Palliate. 
Extenuate. 

-Ut.   Exaggerate.    Amplify.    Magnify. 

IMiNCiNG,  adj.  See  ]\Iince.  Said 
of  speech  and  manner. 

Stn.  Slow.  Affected.  Syllabical.  Pe- 
dantic.   Euphuistic. 

Ant.  Rapid.  Voluble.  Unaffected. 
Natural.    Bluff. 

Mind,  «.  Sax.  mynd,  allied 
to  Lat.  mens. 

Stn.  Soul.  Spirit.  Intellect.  Under- 
standing. Opinion.  Sentiment.  .Judgment. 
Belief.  Choice.  Inclination.  Desire.  WiU. 
Liking.  Purpose.  Spirit.  Impetus.  Me- 
mory.    Rememljrance.     Recollection. 

Ant.  Body.  Limbs.  Organization.  Ac- 
tion. Proceeding.  Conduct.  Object.  In- 
difference. Coolness.  Aversion.  Forget- 
fulness.     Obviousness. 

Mindful,  adj.     See  JTiud. 

Stn.  Regardful.  Attentive.  Thoughtful. 
Careful.     RecoUective. 

Ant.  Regardless.  Inattentive.  Mind- 
less.   Oblivious. 

Mingle,  v.  tr.  aul  iut.    Sax, 


JSi/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


203 


SYn.  Mix.  Compound.  Blend.  Con- 
found. Coul'vise.  Intermingle.  Associate. 
Amalgamate. 

j4j.t.  Separate.  Segregate.  Sift.  Surt. 
Analj'zp.  1  Mscomponnd.  Eliminate.  Clas- 
eif}'.     Unravel.     Avoid. 

Minimum,  v.  Lat.  See  Maxi- 
mxiin. 

Minion,  n.     Fr.  mignon. 

Syn.  Favourite.    Darling.    Pet. 
Ant.    Antipathy.      Horror.      Aversion. 
Bugl)ear. 

Minister,  «.    Lat.   A  servant. 

Syx.  .SorvMUt.  Officer.  Delegate.  Olli- 
cial.     Aml):issador.    Subordinate. 

Ant.  JNIonarcb.  Government.  Muster. 
Superior.    Principal.    Head. 

Minister,  v.  int.  See  Minister, 
ri.     Used  with  prep.  to. 

Stn.  Atiend.   Subserve.    Wait.  Supply. 
Ant.  Lead.    Rule.    Command.    E.\act. 

Ministry,  n.,  Ministration,  n. 
Sec  Minister. 

Minor,  adj.    Lat.    Less. 

Syn.  l^ess.  Inferior.  Junior.  Younger. 
Unimportant. 

Ant.  -Major.  Greater.  Superior.  Senior. 
Elder.    Main.    Important. 

Minute,  adj.  Lat.  minutus, 
part,  of  minuere,  to  dimininli. 

Stn.  Diminutive.  Microscopic.  Tiny. 
Kxact.    Searching.    Specific.    Detailed. 

Ant.  Jlonstrous.  Enormous.  Huge. 
Inexact.  Superficial.  General.  Broad. 
Comprehensive. 

Miraculous,  adj.   Miraculum, 
a  iidracle,  from  mir art,  to  wonder. 
.Stn.  Supernatural.    Hyperphysical. 
Ant.  Ordinary.    Natural. 

Misacceptation,    n.      Prefix 

mis,  and  acceptare,  to  accept. 

Syn.  Misunderstanding.  MisinterprC' 
tation.     Misuse. 

Ant.   Acceptation.    Meaning. 

Misadventure,  «.  See  Ad- 
venture. 

Stn.  Failure.    Mishap.    IMisfortune. 
Ant.  Success.    Achievement. 

Misanthropy,  n.  ixiae'iv,  to 
hate,  avBpanos,  man.  /See  Philan- 
thropy. 

Misapply,  v.  tr.    See  £.  pply. 


Misapprehend,  v.  tr.  See  Ap- 
prehend. 

Misappropriate,  v.  tr.  Pre- 
fix, mis,  and  2)roprius,  one's  own 
or  }y'r.ah'<tr. 

Sto.  Misassign.  l^irloin.  Misdistributo. 
Abuse.     Misuse. 

Ant.  Assign.  Distribute.  Employ. 
Use. 

MiSARRANGE,  'v.  tr.  See  Ar- 
range. 

Misbecome,  v.  tr.   See  Become, 

Misbehaviour,  n.  See  Be- 
haviour. 

Misbelief,  «.     See  Beh'ef. 

Miscalculate,  v.  tr.  See  Cal- 
culate. 

Miscall,  v.  tr.  Prefix  mis, 
and  call. 

Syn,  Misname.    Misindicate. 
Ant.    Name.     Call.     Indicate.    Denote. 
Specify.    Denominate. 

Miscellany,  n.  Fr.  Lat. 
miacellaneus,  from  miscere,  to 
mingle, 

Srx.  Mixture.  Intermixture.  Jumble. 
Medley. 

Ant.  System.  Collection.  Classification. 
Assortment.    Group.    Selection. 

Mischance,  n.  See  Chance 
and  Misadventure. 

IMiscHiEF,  n.  Old  Fr.  meschef, 
Lat.  minus  and  caput.  That 
which  lessens  or  damages  the 
head  or  life  of  a  thing ;  thence 
transferred  to  the  quahty  which 
leads  to  purposed  harm. 

Stn.  Damage.  Hurt.  Detriment.  Dis- 
service.   Annoyance.    Injury.    Ill-turn. 

Ant.  Compensation.  Good-turn.  Bene- 
fit.    Favour.    Gratification.     Conversation. 

Mischievous,  adj.  See  Mis- 
chief. 

Stn.  Detrimental.  Injurious.  Spiteful. 
Wan  I  on. 

Ant.  Beneficial.  Advantageous.  Kepa- 
ratory.    Conservative.    Careful.    Protective. 

Miscible,    adj.       Miscere,    tc 

mir. 

Stn.  ConipaumiaMe.     Amnl2.imablp. 
AM    ITaot.mpoundable.    Immiscible. 


261 

MiscoMTUTE,  adj.  See  Com- 
pute. 

]\IiscoNCEivK.  V.  tr.  See  Con- 
ceive. 

MiscoNUTJCT,  n.  See  Conduct, 
v.,  and  i\lisbehaviour. 

^MiscoNJECTUKE,  n.  See  Conjec- 
ture. 

Si-x.  Miscalculation.     Missupposition. 
AxT.  Hit.    Discovery.    Ascertainment. 

JkliscoNSTRUE,  V.  tr.  See  Con- 
strue. 

]\IiscoofT,  V.  tr.    See  Count. 

]\lisCKEANT,  71.  Old  Fr.  mes- 
creant,  Lat.  minus  credens,  an  in- 
fidel or  apostate.  Thence,  a  term 
of  reproach  generally. 

Stn.  See  Rogue. 

Misdeed,  n.  See  Deed  and 
Clime. 

MiSDEMEANOUE,  11,  See  De- 
meanour and  Felony. 

Misdirect,  v.  tr.    See  Direct. 

Misdoing,  n.    See  Misdeed. 

Misemploy,  v.  tr.  See  Em- 
ploy. 

Miser,  n.  Lat.  miseroMe.  One 
■who  makes  himself  miserable  in 
his  anxiety  to  hoard  wealth. 

Srs.  Nigpard.  Churl.  Skinflint.  Cur- 
mndgeim.    Screw.    Scrimp. 

Ant.  Prodigal.    Spendthrift.    Rake. 

Miserable,  adj.  Lat.  m  isera- 
bilis,  miser. 

Sr.v.  Abject.  Forlorn.  Pitiable. 
Vretched. 

Ant.  Respectable.  Worthy.  Contented. 
Happy.    Cumfortable. 

Miserly,  adj.    See  l^Iiser. 

Misery,  h.    -See  IMiserable. 

Misestimate,  v.  tr.  See  Esti- 
mate and  Value. 

]\IlSF0RTUXE,  n.  Fortuna,  for- 
tune. See  Disaster  and  Misad- 
A  cnture. 


Sijmnyms  and  Aiitomjim. 


Misgiving,  n.  Su  Give.  A 
reluctance  to  give  or  rtipose  trufei. 
Sometimes,  conversely,  an  impart- 
ing of  distrust,  as,  'my  heart 
misgave  me.'  *S'ee  Doubt  and 
Distrust. 

MiSGOVBEN,  V.  tr.   See  Govern. 

Misguide,  v.  tr.    See  Guide. 

Mishap,  //.  See  Hap  and  Itlis- 
adventure. 

Misinformation,  n.  See  In- 
form. 

IVIisiNSTEUCTlON,  n.  See  Jn- 
struet. 

IMisiNTELLiGENCE,  K.  ^ee  In- 
telligence. 

Misinterpret,  v.  tr.  See  In- 
terpret. 

MisjoiNED.  See  Join  and 
Match. 

]\Iislay,  v.  tr.  See  Lay  and 
Lose. 

Mislead,  v.  tr.    See  Lead. 

MiSLiKE,  V.  tr.    See  Like. 

jMismanage,  v.  tr.  See  Manage. 

jMismatch,  n.     See  Match. 

Misname,  v.  tr.    See  Name,  v. 

Misnomer,  n.    See  Name,  n. 

MisPERsrADE,  V.  tr.  See  Per- 
suade. 

]\li8PLACE,  V.  tr.    See  Place,  v. 

Mibpronounce,  v.  tr.  See  Pro- 
nounce. 

MiSPROPORTIONED,  adj.  See 
Proportion. 

Sts.  Ungainly.    Misfonned    Ill-shaped. 
Ant.  ■\Vell-proportioned.   Elegant.  Har- 
monicus.     Shapely. 

IMiSQroTE,  I',  tr.    See  Quote. 
MiSRECKON,  V.  tr.   See  Eeckon. 
jMisreport,  n.    See  Eeport. 
Misrepresent,  v.  tr.    See  Ho- 
present. 


Sijnoiiyms  and  Antonyms 

MisuuLE  71.     See  Eule. 
Mies,  V.  tr.    Mittere,  missus,  to 
lose.     See  Lose  and  Meet. 
Misshapen,  adj.    See  Shapely. 


265 


Missile,  n.    Mittere,  to  send. 

Sr.\.  Projectile. 

AxT.  Artilkry.    Hand-arms.    Side-arms. 


Fr.  mo(j^uer,   to 


Mission,    n.      Missio. 
mittere,  missus,  to  send. 

Stn.  Commission.    Trust.   Oflke. 


Lat. 

Dele- 


gation.    Ministry.      Embassy.      Legation. 
Deputation. 

Ant.   Assumption.     Usurpation.     Self- 
appointment. 

Missive,  n.    See  Mission. 

Stn.  Communication.    Despatch.    Mcs- 


See  Spend. 
See  State. 
.    fe  State. 
Used  some- 


Ant.  .See 

]\Iisspend,  v.  tr. 
Misstate,  v.  tr. 
Misstatement,  : 
Mist,  n.     Sax. 


Mobile,  adj.    See  Mob. 

Stn.  Movable.'  Sensitive.  Ficlile.  In- 
constant.    Variable.    Ductile. 

Ant.  Immovable.  Inexorable,  Un- 
feeling.   Unvarying. 

Mock,  v.  ti 
mock. 

Stn.  Jeer.  Ridicule.  Flount.  ilimic. 
Insult. 

Ant.  Salute.  Welcome.  Respect.  Ad- 
mire.    Compliment. 

Mode,  n.  Lat.  modus,  manner. 
See  Method. 

Model,  n.  Modulus,  from  mo- 
dus,  a  measure.  That  by  which 
other  things  are  to  be  measured. 

Stn.  Standard.  Pattern.  Example. 
Type.    Mould.    Design. 

Ant.  Imitation.  Copy.  Productiou. 
Execution.     AVork. 

The  word  is  sometimes  used 
in  the  sense  of  an  imitative  re- 
presentation, as  a  model  of  a 
palace,  a  fac-simile 

Moderate,  v.  tr.  Moderare^ 
to  moderate,  from  modus,  a  mea- 
sure. To  keep  within  bounds  or 
control. 

Stn.  Control.  Regulate.  Repress.  Go- 
vern.   Temper. 

Ant.  Disturb.  Disorganize.  Excite. 
Misconduct. 

Moderate,  ndj.  See  Moderate, 
V.    Kept  witliin  limits. 

Stn.  Limited.  Temperate.  Sparing. 
Steady.    Ordinary. 

Ant.  Extravagant.  Intemperate.  Ri- 
gorous. Excessive.  Violent.  Extraoy- 
d'uary. 

Moderator,  n.  See  Moderate, 
V.  One  who  moderates  or  regu- 
lates common  proceedings. 

Stn.  Chairman.  Regulator.  Conductor 
Manager. 

Ant.  Disturber.    Agitator. 

Modern,  adj.    Lat.  modernus, 

from  luodujjust  PQir. 
j       Syn.    Preseiit.     Existent.    Later.    New. 
Mobile    vulqus,    ;//e  l  New-fashioned.    New- fanirled. 

'       Ant.  Past.    Bygone.    Former.   Ancient 

Olden.     Old-fashioned.     Antiquated.     Obso 

lete. 


times  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Fog.  Obscurity.  Bewilderment. 
Perjilexitv.     Haze. 

Ant.  Brightness.    Clearness.    Lucidity. 

Mistake,  n.  See  Take  and 
Error. 

Misteach,  v.  tr.    See  Teach. 

Mistranslate,  v.  tr.  See 
Translate. 

Mistrust,  v.  tr.     See  Trust. 

Misunderstanding,  n.  See 
Understanding. 

Misuse,  v.    See  Use. 

Misuse,  n.    See  verb. 

Mitigate,  v.  tr.  Mitigare, 
mitts,  gentle.     See  Aggi-avato. 

Mix,  v.  tr.     Lat.  miscere. 
SvN.  See  Mingle. 

Moan,  v.  tr.  Sax.  manan.  See 
Bewail. 

Mob, 
moiudie   or   fickle    vulgar. 
Bevy. 


2GG 


IMODEST,   adj.     Mode&tu 
Moek  and  Modest}-. 

Modesty.  Modest  in,  modus,  a 
limit.  A  refrainment  of  manner 
proceeding  from  purity  and  hu- 
mility. 

Sy.v.  Sobriety.  Diffidence.  Bashfulness. 
Humility.    Puremindedness. 

Ant.  Vanity.  Conceit.  Self-sufficiency. 
Self-admiration.  Foppery.  Coxcombry. 
Wantonness.    Shamelessness.    Kffrontery. 

Modification,  n.  Modus,  a 
limit.  The  altering  so  as  to 
bring  \vithin  certain  limits,  or 
qualify  the  general  character,  or 
a  natural  variety  of  form. 

SVN.  Alteration.  Revision.  Variation. 
Qualification.    Species. 

Akt.  Retention.  Stereotype.  Stabilita- 
tlon. 

Modish,  adj.  Adopting  the 
present  mode  or  fashion.  See 
Mode. 

Srx.  Fashionable.    Stylish.    Modem. 
Ant.  Unfashionable.   Quaint.   Unstylish. 
Gawky.    Dowdy. 

Modulation,  v.  Modulari, 
To  vary  liy  transitional  changes 
the  harmonies  of  keys  or  modes 
in  music. 

Syn.  Harmonization.    Harmonies. 
Ant.  Intonation.    Recital.    Monotone. 

Moiety,  n.  Medietas,  from 
mediiis,  middle.     See  Half. 

Moil,  v.  tr.  Mull  is,  soft.  To 
discolour  with  damp,  wet',  or  dirt. 
But  cf.  Goth,  mail,  macula. 

Srx.  Daub.    Stain.    Dirt.    Muck.    Soil. 

.\:;t.  Cleanse.  Clean.   Absterge.   Purl.'y. 

]Mx)iST.     Der.  unknown. 

SvN.  Damp.    Humid. 
A.NT.  Arid.    Dry. 

Moisture,  n.    See  Moist. 
Molecule.    Dim.  of  Moles,  a 
mass. 

Svx.  Atom.    Monad. 
Ant.    U;idy.     Bulk.     Organism.     Cm- 
pound.    Structure. 

Molest,  v.  tr.  Molestus,  trcu 
hhsonie ,  hjrdeiisome ;  moles,  c 
f^eaj). 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 

See 


SrN.  Trouble. 
Irritate. 

Ant.  Soothe. 
Pet.    MoUily. 


Disturb,    lease. 
Caress.    Pacify    Aiitiaga 


Molestation,  n.    See  Molest. 

Mollify,  v.  tr.  Mollis,  soft, 
•xadifacere,  to  make.  See  Molest. 
The  former  is  used  of  persons 
and  feelings,  the  latter  of  persons 
only. 

Moment,  n.  Momentum,  mo- 
vimentum,  movere,  to  move.  Each 
minute  step  in  the  onward  ad- 
vance of  time.  It  retains  also  the 
active  idea  of  power  to  move; 
hence  weight,  importance. 

Syn.  Instant.  Second.  Twinkling. 
Trice.  WeiKht.  Force.  Gravity.  Im- 
portance.    Avail. 

Ant.  Age.  Period.  Century.  Genera- 
tion. TrivLility.  Jnsignificai,re.  AVorth- 
lessness.    Unimportance.    Inefflcacy. 

Monad,  ■>(.  novas,  single.  An 
indivisible  atom.  See  Mole- 
cule. 

Monarch,  ??.  fx6vos,  and  u/jx"?! 
rule.     A  sole  ruler. 

Syn.  Kinsj.    Sovereign.   De.spot.   Tyrant 
Ant.   Peer.     Subject. 

Monarchical,  adj.  See  JIo- 
narch. 

Syn.  Kingly.    Royal.    Despotic. 
Ant.    Republican.      Democratic.      Oli- 
garchical.   Autocratic. 

Monastic,  adj.   See  IMonastery. 

Syn.  Conventual.'  Ci'nobitical.  Regular. 
Monkish. 

Ant.  Unconventual.    Secular.    Social. 

Monition.     See  Admonish, 

IMoNiTOR,  n.    Monere,  to  advise. 
\dviser.      Instructor.      Mentor. 


Syn. 
Warner. 

Ant.    Misadvise 
ccivcr.    Misdirector. 


Mi>iMstructor.     De- 
Back-fr:end.   Seducer. 


Monitory,  adj.     See  Monitor. 

SvN.  .Aiivisory.    Hortatory. 
Ant.  Deceptive.    Seductive. 

Monkish,  adj.     Monachus,  a 
moiik.     See  [Monastic. 

Monopoly.  MoVoy,  (done,  and 


ISijnoni/ins  and  Antonijms. 


267 


n-wXeo),  to  sell.  The  exclusive 
right  of  sale.  Hence  generally 
an  exclusive  right  of  almost  any 
kind. 

Syn.  Privilege.  Engrossment.  Appro- 
priation. Exclusiveuess.  Preoccupancy. 
Impropriation. 

Ant.  Participation.  Partnership.  Com- 
munity.   Competition.    Free-trade. 

Monotheism,  n.  fiovot,  and 
deos,  the  u'orshi}}  of  one  only 
God. 

SrN.  Deism. 
Ant.  Polytheism. 

Monotony,  77.  Gr.  fxovos, 
and  Tovos,  a  tone.  Used  meta- 
phorically for  wearisome  same- 
ness. 

Syn.  Sameness.  Unvarylngness.  Tedium. 
Ant.  Variation.    Relief.    Diversion. 

Monster,  n.  Monstrum,  mon- 
strare,  to  show.  Originally  an 
ominous  appearance,  applied  to 
things  physically  and  persons 
morally  monstroiis,  or  monere.  - 

Syn.  Prodigy.  Porlent.  MarveL  De- 
formity. Abnormity.  Fright.  Monstrosity. 
Leviathan.    Colossus,    Fiend.     Brute. 

Ant.  Beauty.  Venus.  Adonis.  Nar- 
cissus. Gem.  Pet.  Jewel.  Angel.  Augury. 
Harbinger. 

Monstrous,  adj.   See  Monster. 

Syn.  Prodigious.  Portentous.  Mar- 
vellous. Deformed.  Abnormal.  Hideous. 
Preposterous.    Intolerable. 

Ant.  Ordinary.  Familiar.  Unnoticeable. 
Fair.  Comely.  Shapely.  Regular.  Na- 
tural.   Reasonable.    Just. 

Monument,  n.  Monere,  to  ad- 
vise or  remind.     See  Memorial. 

Mood,  n.  Sax.  mod,  Germ. 
muth,  mind.  A  temporary  con- 
dition of  mind. 

Syn.  State.  Temper.  Humour.  Feel- 
ing. 

Ant.    Mind.      Character.      Disposition 

Nature. 

IMooDY,  adj.  See  Mood.  In- 
dulging in  moods  or  a  mood. 

Stn.  Sullen.     Humoursomo.    Gloomy. 
ANT.  Blithe.     Merry.    Geni.il.    Sociable 

Moot,  v.  tr.  Sax.  mot, a  mett- 
in(j  or  «.s.se//(Wy. 


Syn.  Agitate.  Discass.  Ventilate. 
Argue. 

Ant.  Suppress.  Stifle.  Buike.  Hush. 
Shelve. 

Moral,  adj.  Lat.  mores,  morals. 
Is  used  to  mean  appertaining  to 
moral  things  as  distinguished 
from  physical,  to  the  science  of 
moraUty,  and,  lastly,  to  the  prac- 
tice of  it. 

Sra.  Mental.  Ideal.  Intellectu.il.  Spi- 
ritual.  Ethical.  Probable.  Inferential. 
Presumptive.  Analogous.  Virtuous.  Well- 
conducied. 

,\NT.  Physical.  Material.  Practical. 
I  lemuustrative.  Mathematical.  Immoral. 
Vicious. 

Morbid,  adj.  Morhidus.  Lat. 
morbus,  «  disease. 

Syn.  Diseased.    Unsound.    Utihealthy. 
Ant.  AVholesome.    Healthy.    Sound. 

Mordent,  adj.      Mm-dere,    to 

Lite. 

Stn.  Biting.    Keen.    Pungent. 
Ant.  Jlellow.    Mild.    Soothing. 

Morose,  adj.  Mos,  moris.  Es- 
pecially addicted  to  a  habit,  but 
by  iisage  to  the  particular  habit 
of  sullenness. 

Syn.  Sullen.  Austere.  Moody.  Crab- 
bed.   Surly. 

.\nt.  Genial.    Indulgent    Kindly. 

Morsel,  n.  Mordere,  mar  sal, 
to  bite.     Comp.  Bit.     See  Bit. 

Mortal,  adj.  Mortalis,  mors, 
death. 

Syn.  Human.  Ephemeral.  Sublunary. 
Shortlived.     Deadly.     Fatal. 

Ant.  Divine.  Immortal.  CelestiaL 
Life-giving.  Venial.  Salutiferous.  Super- 
ficial. 

Mortality,  n.  See  Mortal. 
Mortify,  v.  tr.  and  int. 
Mors,  and  facere,  to  make,  to 
deaden. 
1  Stn.  Deaden.  Subdue.  .Master.  Vex. 
I  Dl-<ippoint.  Annoy.  Hot.  Fester.  l*u. 
trely. 

Ant.  Feed.  Pamper.  Indulge.  F'cas*. 
I  Gratify.  Delight.  Satisfy.  Heal.  Re- 
[  cover. 

i     Motion,  n,  ]\[otio,  mcvere.   Set 
I  Movement. 


268 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms 


Motionless.  See  Motion  and 
Still. 

MoTlVEj  n.  Mctivus,  inducing 
to  movement  or  action. 

Stn.  Inducement.  Purpose.  Design. 
Promptins.    Stimulus.    Incitement. 

Ant.  K.xecution.  Action.  Effort.  Deed. 
Attempt.  Project.  Preventive.  Deterrent. 
Dissuasive. 

MoTi,KY,  adj.  Welsh.  Parti- 
coloured. 

Syn.  Parti-coloured.  Variegated.  Mixed. 
Medley.    Heterogeneous. 

Ant.  Uniform.  Homogeneous.  Alike. 
Monochromatic. 

IMoTTLED,  adj.  See  Motley 
and  Maculated. 

Mould,  v.  tr.  Fr.  Moule,  from 
modulus,  dim.  of  modus,  a  limit, 
mode,  or  standard. 

Syn.  Fashion.  Shape.  ManipuUte. 
Form.    Cast.    Configure. 

Ant.  Distort.  Strain.  Pervert.  Mis- 
shape. 

Mouldy,  adj.  Sax.  molde, 
mould,  soil. 

Syn.  Green.  Rusty.  Fusty.  Musty. 
Over-ripe. 

Ant.  Fresh.  Wholesome.  Pure.  Sweet. 
Recent. 

Mount,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fr. 
monti-r,  Lat.  mons.  See  Ascend 
and  Climb. 

MouEN,  V.  tr.  and  int.  Sax. 
murnan.   See  Grieve  and  Bewail. 

Mournful,  adj.    See  Mourn. 

Syn.  Sad.     Melancholy.    Tearful.     Dole- 
ful,    i  )cpressing.     Wailing.    Lugubrious. 
Ant.  Joyous.    Mirthful.    Exhilarating. 

Movable,  adj.  Movere,  to 
move.     See  Stationary. 

Move.  AcL  and  neut.  Lat. 
monere. 

Stn.  Change.  Go.  Progress.  Stir. 
Affect.  Agitate.  Actuate.  Impel.  Pro- 
pose.    Advance.     Propel. 

Ant.  Stand.  Stop.  Lie.  Rest.  Stay. 
Allay.  Deter.  Prevent.  Arrest.  With- 
draw. 

Movement  n.  See  Move  and 
Motion,  i 


Much,  rt(7y.    ^ax.mucel. 

.•^VN.  Abundant.  Plenteous.  Greati; 
Abundantly.     Far. 

Ant.  Little.  Scant.  Slightly.  Short 
Shortly.     Near. 

Mucilaginous,  adj.  Lat.  Muci' 
lago,  mucus,  m,ucilage. 

Syn.  Gelatinous.  Albuminous,  Creamy 
Glairy.     Viscous.    Lentous. 

Ant.  Limpid.  Crj'stalline.  Bubblikg 
Frothijig.  Foaming.  Effervescent.  Spark 
ling.    Spirituous. 

Muddle,  v.    Mud. 

Syn.  Fail.  AV'aste.  Fritter  away.  Con- 
fuse.    Derange.     Jlisarrange. 

Ant.  Clarify.  JIanage.  Economize. 
Classify.    Arrange. 

Muddy,  adj.  Like  mud,  or 
having  mud. 

Syk.  Luteous.  Swampy.  Clayey  Tur- 
bid. 

Ant.  Dry.  Arid.  Rocky.  Arenaceous. 
Sandy.     Limpid.     Pellucid.     Crystalline. 

Muffle,  v.  tr.  Low  Germ. 
muffe,  a  sleeve.  To  muflSe  in  the 
first  instance  the  head  in  the 
sleeve. 

Stn.  Enfold.  Disguise.  Conceal.  En- 
velope. 

Ant.  UnmufQe.  Unfold.  Exhibit.  Re- 
veal. 

Muggy,  adj.  Prov.  Eng.  mug, 
fog. 

Stn.    Foggy.     Misty.     Dank.     Damp. 
Murky.    Dim.    Vaporous. 
Ant.  Clear.    Bright.    Vapourless. 

Mulct,  n.    Lat.  mulctir. 

Syn.  Amercement.  Damages.  Forfeiture. 
Penalty. 

Ant.  Guerdon.  Douceur.  Bonus.  Re- 
ward.   Premium. 

Multifarious,  adj.  Jlultust 
many,  and  f'or,furi,  to  speak.  Of 
many  descriptions. 

Stn.  Various.  Varied.  Multigenous. 
Multitudinous.  Multifold.  Manifold.  Mul- 
tiform. 

Ant.  Single.  Uniform.  Unvaried.  Un- 
varying.    Few, 

Multifold,  adj.  ^ee  Multi- 
farious, 

JIULTIFORM,  adj.  jMuUus, 
mittiy,  and  fonaa,  a  sliaiie.  Set 
Multifarious. 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


269 


Multiplication,  n.  MuUus, 
many,  and  j>?tcare,  to  fold. 

SvN.  Plurality.  Multiplicity.  Multi- 
tuilinousness.  Multifariousness.  Multi- 
tude. Repetition.  Reiteration.  Reproduc- 
tion. Augmentation.  Swarming.  Teem- 
ing. 

Ant.  Singularity.  Unity.  Scantiness. 
Rarity.    Diminution.    Extinction. 

MULTISONOUS,  adj.  Multus, 
•many,  and  sonus,  a  sound. 

Sto.  Many-voiced.    Tuneful. 

Ant.  Unisonous.   Monotonous.  Droning. 

Multitude,  «.  Lat.  muUitudo, 
midtus,  a  collection  of  many. 

SvN.  Crowd.  Swarm.  Throng.  Accu- 
mulation.   Concourse.     Number. 

Ant.  Paucity.    Scantiness.    Sprinkling. 

Multitudinous,  adj.  See 
Multitude  and  Multifarious. 

MuMMKEY,  n.  Dutch,  mom, 
a  mask. 

Stn.  Antics.  JIasquerade.  Vagary. 
Buffoonery. 

Ant.  Pageant.    Procession.    Exhibition. 

Mundane,  adj.  Lat.  mundus, 
the  world. 

Stn.  Worldly.  Secular.  Temporal. 
Earthly. 

Ant.  Unworldly.  Spiritual.  Heavenly. 
Ethereul.    Supramundane. 

Munificent,  adj.     Munus,  a 
gift,facere,  to  make. 
Stn.  Liberal.    Princely. 
Ant.  Niggardly.    Beggarly. 

Murky,  adj.    See  Muggy. 
Murmur,  n.    Lat.  murmur. 

Stn.  Undertone.  Whisper.  Mutter. 
Grumble.    Complaint. 

Ant.  Clamour.  Vociferation.  Bawling. 
Outcry.  Defiance.  E.xecration.  Salutation. 
Acclamation. 

Murmuring.    See  Murmur. 
Muscular.    Muscle. 

Stn.  Powerful.  Brawny.  Robust.  Sinewy. 
Ant.  Debile.    Flabby.    Feeble.    Lanky 

Muse,  v.  iid.  A  shorter  form 
of  amuse. 

Stn.  Reflect.   Ponder.  Cogitate.  Dream. 
Ant.  Stir.    Act.    Move. 

Musical,  adj.  Music.  Gr. 
^ovo-jKij,  the  art  of  music. 


Stn.  Melodious.  Harmonious.  Dulcet, 
Concordant. 

Ant.  Unmelodious.  Inharmonious. 
Harsh.    Discordant. 

Muster.    Old  Eug. 

SvN.  Marshal.  Collect.  Assemble, 
Rally.    Enroll. 

Ant.  Dismiss.  Disperse.  Relegate.  Re- 
mit.   Disband. 

Musty,  adj.  Must,  unfer- 
mented  wine.  Having  the  smell 
of  wine  in  an  old  cask. 

S™.   Fusty.    Rank.    Mouldy.    Frowzy. 
Ant.   Fragrant.     Fresh.    Balmy.    Aro- 
matic.   Odorous. 

Mutable,  adj.  Lat.  mutahilis, 
mntare,  to  change. 

Stn.  Changeable.  Changeful.  Mobile. 
Transient.    Ephemeral. 

Ant.  Unchanging.  Permanent.  Im- 
mutable.   Persistent.    Changeless. 

Mutation,    n.     See   Mutable 
and  Change. 
Mute,  adj.    Lat.  mutus. 

Stn.  Silent.  Speechless.  Dumb.  Taci- 
turn.   Voiceless.    Still.    Death-like. 

Ant.  Chattering.  Talkative.  Garruloua. 
Loquacious.    Vocal.    Tuneful.    Loud. 

Mutilate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  mutv- 
lare.     See  Maim. 

Mutter,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Prov. 
Germ,  muttern. 

Stn.  Murmur.    Mumble. 
Ant.  Enunciate.    Exclaim.    Pronovmce. 
Vociferate. 

Mutual,  adj.    Lat.  mutims. 

Stn.  Reciprocal.  Common.  Inter- 
changeable. 

Ant.  One-sided.  Dnreciprocated.  Un- 
mutual. 

Muzzle,  v.  tr.    Fr.  museau. 

Stn.  Silence.     Burke.     Restrain.  Gag. 

Stop.  ^ 

Ant.  Release.  Liberate.  Open.  Un- 
muzzle.   Free. 

Mysterious,   adj.       Mystery. 

Gr.   flVtTTTJpiOV. 

Stn.  Dim.  Obscure.  Unrevealed.  Un- 
explained. Unaccountable.  Reserved. 
Veiled. 

Ant.  Clear.  Plain.  Obvious.  Explained. 
Understood.  Easy.  Expbiuable.  Simple 
Frank.    Communicative. 


270 


Symmjnia  and  Antony  ma. 


Mtstbry,  n.    See  Mysterious. 

Syn.  Enigma.  Puzzle.  Obscurity.  Se- 
trecy.    Veil.    Shroud.     Arcanum. 

AiTT.  Publication.  Solution.  Common- 
place.   Truism.    Matter-of-fact. 

3ITSTIC,      Gr.  nva-riKos. 

Sy.v.  Mysterious.    Cabalistic.    Magical. 

AST.  Plain.  Matter-of-fact.  Every- day. 
Familiar.  Commonplace.  Obvious.  House- 
hold. 

Mtstift,  V.  tr.     See  Mystic. 

Stn.  Confuse.  Bamboozle.  Hoodwink. 
Puzzle.    Confound.    Mislead.    Obfuscate. 

AST.  Illumine.  Enlighten.  Infonn. 
Guide. 

Myth,  n.  Gr.  [j.vdos,  a  fable, 
or  veiled  truth. 

Sts.  Fable.  Legend.  Supposition.  Fabri- 
cation. 

Ant.  Fact.    History.    Narrative. 

Mythological,  adj.  fxidos,  a 
fable,  and  Xdyo$-,  an  account. 
See  Myth. 


N. 


Nacreous,    adj.      Fr.    nacre, 
mother  of  pearl.    See  Iridescent. 
Naked,  adj.     Sax.  nacod. 

Sts.  Nude.  Bare.  Unclothed.  Un- 
draped.  Defenceless.  Destitute.  Unquali- 
fied. Uncoloured.  Unvarnished.  Mere. 
Simple. 

AST.  Dressed.  Ptobed.  Draped.  Muffled. 
Protected.  Qualified.  Dressed.  Veiled. 
Shrouded.    Coloured.    Varnished. 

Name,  ?;.  Lat.  noiiien,  a  name. 
Sax.  nama,  Gr.  ovofxa. 

Sis.  Designation.  Cognomenation.  Ap- 
pellation. Title.  Fame.  Reputation.  Au- 
thority. Appointment.  Stead.  llepresen» 
tation. 

AsT.  Namelessncss.  Anonymousness. 
Misnomer.  Pseudonym.  Obscurity.  In. 
gloriousness.  Disrepute.  Individuality. 
Person. 

Name,  v.     See  noun. 

Sts.  Specify.  Designate.  CalL  Indi- 
cate. 

AST.  Misname.  Miscall.  Misdesignate. 
IMisindicate.  Hint.  Suggest.  Shadow. 
Adumbrate. 

Narrate,  v.  tr.     Lat.  narrarc. 

Sts.  Recite.    Tell.    Report.    Detail. 
Ajrr.  Suppress.    Conceal.    Blink.    M  it- 


report.      Misrepicsent      MisreUite.      Mis 

state. 

Narration,  n..  Narrator,  n. 
See  Narrate. 

Narrow,  adj.  A.  S.  neurit. 
Conn,  with  Near. 

Svs.  Straight.  Straightened.  Slende:. 
Thin.  Spare.  Contracted.  Limited.  Crampec 
PiuL-hed.  Scant.  Close.  Scrutinizing. 
Near.    Bigoted.    Niggardly.    Tight. 

AST.  Wide.  Broad.  Ample.  Thick, 
Expanded.    Easy.    Liberal. 

Nascent,  adj.  Nasci,  to  he 
born  or  grow. 

Sts.  Youthful.  Rising.  Green.  In- 
cipient.   Embryo.    Rudimental.    Budding. 

Ant.  Mature.  Aged.  Coutirmed.  De- 
veloped.   Grown. 

Nasty,  adj.  Prov.  Eng.  na^t, 
meaniyiq  dirt. 

Sts.  Foul.  Offensive.  Odious.  Dis- 
agreeable.   Indelicate. 

AST.  Nice.  Pleasant.  Sweet.  Savoury 
Agreeable.     Pure. 

Native,  adj.  Lat.  nativus, 
iiasci,  nntus,  to  he  born. 

Sts.  Indigenous.  Home.  Exported. 
Artless.  Natural.  Proper.  Suitable.  Con- 
genital. 

Ant.  Foreign.  Imported.  Exotic. 
Alien.  Artificial.  Acquired.  Assumetl. 
Affected. 

Natural,  adj.  Lat.  natura, 
nature. 

Syn.  Intrinsic.  Essential.  Regular. 
Normal.  Cosniical.  True.  Probable.  Con- 
sistent.   Sponianeous.    Artless. 

Ant.  A.*cititious.  Adventitious.  Ab- 
nonnal.  Monstrous  Unnatural.  Ficii- 
tious.  Improbable.  Unsupposable.  Forced. 
Artful.    Affected. 

Nature,  n.     Lat.  natifa. 

Syn.  Essence.  Creation.  Coiiitltution. 
Structure,  lii.-position.  Truth.  Regularity. 
Kind.  Sort.  Character.  Species.  Affec- 
tion.   Natvnalness. 

Ant.  Thing.  Object.  Subject.  Man. 
Being.  Creature.  Monstrosity.  Unnatural- 
ness.    Art.    Fiction.    Romance,    invention. 

Naught,  n.  Sax.  Neg.  of 
aught  for  anywhat. 

Sts.  Nothing. 

Ant.  Auglii.    Anything.    Everything. 

Naughty,  adj.  See  Naught. 
As  in  kindred  words  the  forma- 


tSiinomjms  and  Antomjias. 


271 


fion  of  worth  or  good  implies 
actnal  evil. 

SvN.  WoilhlCbS.  Vile.  Corrupt.  Bad. 
Frowaid. 

Am.  Worthy.  Good.  Precious.  Pure. 
Docile.    Tractable.    Wel.-behaved. 

Nausea,  n.  Gr.  vavs,  a  ship. 
Sea-sickness ;  hence  generally  a 
feeling  of  loatliing. 

Syn.  Loathing.    Disgust.    Abomination. 
.ANT.  Taste.    Relish.    Enjoyment. 

Nautical,  a<l/.  See  Nausea 
and  Marine. 

Near,  ndj.    Sax.  neara,  nigher. 

Syn.  Nigh.  Close.  Adjacent.  Neigh- 
liouriiij;.  (Sometimes  used  in  the  sense  of 
Par.-inioniiius.) 

Ant.  Far.    Distant.    Remote. 

Neaelt,  adv.     See  Near. 
Syn.  Almost.    Closely.    Approximately. 
Ant.  Quite.    Entirely.    Distantly.    Re- 
motely. 

Necessary,  adj,  Lat.  neces- 
sarius. 

Stn.  Certain.  Inevitable.  Indispensable. 
Requisite.    Essential.    Ccmpulsory. 

Ant.  Contingent.  Casual.  Optional. 
Discretional.  Unnecessary.  Unessential. 
Free. 

Necessity,  n.     Lat.  necessitas. 

Syn.  Indispensableness.  Inevitableness. 
Need.  Indigence.  Requirement.  Want. 
Fate.    Destiny. 

Ant.  Dispensableness.  Uncertainty. 
Superfluity.  Uselessness.  Competence. 
Affluence.  Casualty.  Contingency.  Free- 
dom.   Choice. 

Need,  n.  Sax.  7iead.  See 
Necessity. 

Needful,  «dj.  See  Need  and 
Necessary. 

Needless,  ((dj.    See  Need. 

Syn.  Unneessary.  Useless.  Super- 
fluous.   Gratuitous. 

Ant.  Needful.  Useful.  Helpful.  Obli- 
gatory. 

Nefarious,  adj.  Lat.  nefas, 
icirkedness.     See  Atrocious. 

Negation,  n.  Lat.  negare,  to 
deny.     See  Assert. 

Negative,  "dj.    See  Negation. 


Stn.  Denying.  rri%-ative.  I>isclaiming, 
Indirect. 

Ant.  Assfrtive.  Attributive.  Positive. 
Direct. 

Neglect,  l\  tr.  Lat.  vegliyera, 
from  ne,  for  not,  and  legere,  to 
pick  up  or  gather. 

Syn.  Slight.  Overlook.  Omit.  Disre- 
gard.   Disesfeem.    Despise.    Contemn. 

Ant.  Consider.  Respect.  Notice.  01> 
serve.  Regard.  Esteem.  Tend.  Aitend. 
Foster.    Study. 

Neglect,  n.     See  verb. 

Negotiate,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  Lat. 
ne(/otiuin,  «  matter  of  business. 

"Syn.  Transact.    Effect.    Pass.    Perform. 

^\j;t.  Mismanage.  Misconduct  Quash. 
Stop. 

Neighbourly,  adj.  Neigh- 
Lour.  Nigh  boor,  one  who  dwells 
in  the  crnmtry  near  to  another. 
See  Sociable. 

Nerve,  n.  Lat.  nervus.  See 
Courage. 

Nervous,  adj.  See  Nerve. 
Means  both  having  nerve,  that  is, 
strength  or  vigour,  esiiecially  as 
applied  to  style  of  vriting  or 
speaking,  and  possessing  weak- 
ness of  nerves,  that  is,  timid.  See 
Vigorous  and  Timid. 

Nettle,  v.  Sax.  netele,  from 
the  plant  so  named.  See  In- 
cense. 

Neutral,  adj.  Lat.  neider, 
neither.  Keeping  aloof  in  feeling 
and  action  from  two  contending 
parties  or  two  opposite  opinions; 
also  sometimes  used  in  the  sense 
of  not  belonging  to  either  of  two 
classes. 

Syn.  Uninterfering.  Impartial.  Indif- 
ferent.   Negative.     Unavowed. 

Ant.  Partial.  Interested.  Interfering. 
Active.     Positive.    Declared.     Avowed. 

Neutrality,  n.     See  Neutral. 
Neutralize,  v.  tr.    See  Neu- 
tral.    To  destroy  the  agency  of 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


272 


opposed  properties,  qualities,  or 
forces. 

Syn.  Counteract.   Compensate.    Counter- 
baUiiice.    Counterpoise.    Countervail. 
AsT.  Aggravate.    Enhance.    Intensify. 

New,  art).     Lat.  novus. 

Sts.  Novel.    Recent.    Fresh.    Modem. 
Ant.   01  J.     Ancient.     Antique.    Anti- 
quated.   Obaolete. 

Newfangled,  ar//.  Sax.  fan- 
grn,  to  take,  anfang,  an  under- 
taking. Used  in  a  depreciatory 
way. 

Six.  Upstart.  New-light.  Innovating. 
Strange.    Odd.    Fantastic.    Novel. 

AxT.  Venerable.  Time-honoured.  Es- 
tablished.   Ancient.    Old.    Old-fashioned. 

Nibble,  v.  fr.  Nib.  Some- 
tliing  small  and  pointed  ;  to  bite, 
as  fish.     Used  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Carp.  CaviL  Peck.  Object.  De- 
mur. 

Akt.  Accept.  Eulogize.  Command. 
Endorse.     Allow. 

Nice,  adj.  Lat.  nescius,  icino- 
rant.  A  nice  man  at  the  tirst 
was  one  simple  and  ignorant  of 
the  world's  ways;  he  abstained 
from  silliness  and  ignorance,  or 
knowing  too  little;  afterwards 
from  fastidiousness,  as  knowing 
too  mnch.  It  has  also  been  trans- 
ferred to  express  that  quality 
about  which  we  should  be  apt  to 
be  nice. 

Syk.  Fastidious.  Scrupulous.  Accurate. 
Neat.  Discerning.  Dainty.  Pleasant. 
Agreeable.    Exact.    Fine.    Finished. 

Ant.  Coarse.  Unscrupulous.  Inaccurate. 
I'ude.  Rough.  Undiscriminating.  Nasty. 
Jfauseous.    Disagreeable. 

Nicety,  n.    See  Nice. 

Niggard,  n.  Scandin.  See 
Miser. 

Niggardly,  adj.    See  Liberal. 

Nqible,  adj.  Sax.  rtemol,  ca- 
2>abl(',  from  nimmi,  to  citcJi.  The 
word  has  abandoned  the  mental 
for  the  physical  idea  of  capacity. 
Bee  Agile. 


Nobility,  v.  Lat.  nohdis.  Ap- 
plicable to  birth  and  character. 

Syn.  Distinction  Dignity.  Rank. 
Peerage.    Lordship.    Loftiness.  Generosity. 

Ant.  Obscurity.  Meanness.  Common- 
alty. Serfdom.  Paltriness.  Contemptible- 
ness.    Plebeianism. 

Noble,  adj.     See  Nobihty. 

Syk.  Grand.  Aristocratic.  Generous, 
Honourable.    Fine. 

Akt.  Mean.   Plebeian.   Ignoble.    Paltry. 

Nobody,  n.    See  Cipher. 

Nocturnal,  adj.  Noctumus, 
nox,  night. 

Sys.  Nightly.  Dark.  Gloomy.  Tene- 
brose. 

AST.  Diurnal.    Light.    Brilliant.   Solar 

Nodosity,  n.  Lat.  nodim,  a 
knot  or  Jump. 

Stx.  Protuberance.  Protuberousness. 
Knottiness.    Tuberosity.    Dumpiness. 

Ant.  Planeness.  Evenness.  Smooth- 
ness.   Polish.    Levigation. 

Noise,  v.  Lat.  nocere,  to  hurt. 
Has  almost,  though  not  entirely, 
retained  its  original  meaning  of 
a  noxious  or  disagreeable  sound, 
j  of  the  human  voice  or  otherwise. 

I  Syn.  Sound.  Clamour.  Rattle.  Din. 
1  Ant.  Note.  Voice.  Music.  Melody 
Silence.    Stilhiess.    Voicelessness.     Hush. 

Noiseless,  adj.  See  Noise  and 
Silent. 

Noisome,  adj.  Old  Fr.  noisir, 
from  Lat.  nocere,  to  hurt. 

Syn.  Hurtful.  Harmful.  Nc^cuous. 
Pestilential. 

Ant.  A\Tiolesome.  Salutary.  Salu 
brious.    Beneficial. 

Noisy,  adj.     See  Noise. 

Syn.  Loud.    Clamorous.    Stunning. 

Ant.  Still.  Soft.  Inaudible.  ^Vhisper- 
ing.  Soothing.  Musical.  Melo<lious.  Har» 
mouions.    Tuneful.    Subdued.    Gentle. 

i     Nomad,  adj.    Gr.  vofxds,  from 
vofios,  a  pasture,  from   ve'/xw,  to 

tend. 
I        Syn.  Pastoral.  Vagrant.  Arab.  S.;7thia:\ 
1  Roving.    Migratory 

Ant.  Fixed.  Unwanderlng.  Agri^uW 
!  tural.    Unroving.    Urban. 

1     NoMiN.xL,  adj.     Lat.  nomm,  a 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


273 


name.  Pertaining  to  a  name,  or 
existing  only  in  name.  The 
latter  is  the  ordinary  meaning  in 
parlance. 

Stn.  Trifling  Suppositious.  Ostensible. 
Professed.     Pretended.    Formal. 

Ant.  Real.  Deep.  Serious.  Important. 
Grave.  Substantial.  Actual.  Intrinsic. 
Veritable.     Essential. 

Nominate,  v.  tr.  See  Nominal. 
To  specify  or  appoint  by  name. 

Six.  Name.  Specify.  Appoint.  Indi- 
vidualize.   Define.    Invest.     Present. 

Ant.  Suggest.  Indicate.  Conjecture. 
Describe.  Recal.  Deprive.  Cancel.  With- 
draw.   Divert. 

Nonsense,  n.    Lat,  non,  and 

sen  f;  us,  sense. 

Stn.  Absurdity.  Trash.  Folly.  Pre- 
tence.   Jest. 

Ant.  Sense.  Wisdom.  Truth.  Fact. 
Gravity.    Philosophy.    Science.    Reason. 

Normal,  adj.  Lat.  norma,  a 
ride. 

Stn.  Regular.  Typical.  Usual.  Re- 
cognized.   Natural.     Ordinary. 

Ant.  Abnormal.  Irregular.  Unnatural. 
Exceptional.    Monstrous. 

NoTABLB,  adj.  Lat.  notahilis, 
Tiotiire,  nota,  to  note.  See  Ke- 
markable. 

Notice,  n.  Lat.  notitia.  See 
Notable. 

Stn.  Observation.  Cognizance.  Heed. 
Advice.  News.  Consideratioa  Visitation. 
Mark.    Note, 

Ant.  Oversight.  Disregard.  Misinfor- 
mation. Mistidings.  Neglect.  Slight. 
Connivance.  Ignorance.  Incognizance. 
Heedlessness.    Amnesty.    Omission. 

Notify,  v.  tr.  Notus,  known, 
and  facer  e,  to  make.  Used  of  the 
subject  and  the  person;  when 
the  latter  the  prep,  of  is  used— to 
notify  a  person  of  a  fact. 

SvN.  Intimate.    Declare.    Announce. 
Ant.    Suppress.      Withhold.     Conceal. 
Misreport. 

Notion,  n.  Lat.  notio.  A 
conception,  strictly  of  something 
abstract,  as,  an  idea  of  something 
visible ;  so,  an  idea  of  a  man,  a 
notion  of  humanity.    This  is  not 


strictly  enough  adhered    to    in 
parlance. 

Stn.  Apprehension.  Idea.  Conception. 
Judgment.    Opinion.    Belief.    Expectation. 

Ant.  misapprehension.  Misconception 
Misb'lief.  Misjudgmeut.  Frustration.  Falsi- 
fication. 

Notoriety,  n.  Lat.  notorius, 
from  notus. 

Stn.  Publicity.  Vogue.  Repute.  Cele- 
brity.    Knowledge.    Certainty. 

Ant.  Privacy.  Secrecy.  Concealment 
Obscurity.  Mystery.  Suspicion.  Rumour 
Whisper. 

Notorious,  adj.  See  Noto- 
riety. 

Stn.  Known.  Undisputed.  Recognized, 
Allowed. 

Ant.  Suspected.    Reported.    Reputed. 

Nourish,  v.  tr.  Fr.  nourrir, 
Lat.  nutr'ire. 

Stn.  Nurture.  Feed.  Foster.  Cherish, 
Nurse.    Tend. 

Ant.  Starve.  Blight.  Destroy.  Kill. 
Wither. 

Nourishment,  n.  See  Nou- 
rishment and  Aliment. 

Novel,  adj.  Novellus,  from 
novus,  new.     See  New-fangled. 

Novice,  n.  Lat.  novilius,  from 
novus,  new.     See  Tyro. 

Noxious,  adj.  Noxius,  from 
noxa,  harm.     See  Noisome. 

Nudity,  n.  Lat.  nuditas^ 
nudi(S,  naked. 

Syn.  Nakedness.    Bareness.    Eeposure. 

Ant.  Clothing.  Drapery.  Investment. 
Dress. 

Nugatory,  adj.  Lat.  nugce, 
trifles. 

SvN.  Trifling.  Vain.  Inoperative.  In- 
effectual. 

Ant.  Grave.  Serious.  Important.  Po- 
tent. Efficacious.  Momentous.  Successful. 
Satisfactory. 

Nuisance,  n.  Lat.  nocere,  to 
hurt  or  he  obnoxious. 

Stn.  Offence.  Annoyance.  Plague. 
Trouble. 

Ant.  Gratification.  Blessing.  Pleasure. 
Delight.    Benefit. 

Nullify,  v.  tr,    Nidlus,  no)  r. 


274 


Si/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


and /or  cere,  to  make.  To  make  of 
no  effect,  or  to  cause  that  none 
shall  be  affected. 

Snr.  Abrogate.  Neutralize.  Cancel. 
Abolish.    Extingruish. 

Ant.  Confirm.  Perpetuate.  Re-enact. 
Stabilitatc.    Establish.     Cherish. 

Number,  v.  tr.  Lai  numc- 
rare.     /See  Count. 

Numberless,  adj.  See  Num- 
ber. 

Stn.  Countless.  Innumerable.  Infi- 
nite. 

Am.  Few.    Scarce.    Rare. 

Numbness,  ?? .  Old  Eng.  7umb, 
Sax.  nt'inaii ,  to  fake  or  seizr.  The 
inability,  through  cold,  to  take 
hold  with  the  fingers,  implying 
insensibility.  Used  metaphori- 
cally of  moral  considerations. 

8tn.  Hebetude.  Callousness.  Insensi- 
bility. 

-4»T.  Acuteness.  Sensibility.  Liveli- 
ness.   Sensitiveness. 

Numerous,  ad/.     Lat.  nume- 
riis,  a  number.     See  Many. 
Nurse,  v.    See  Nourish. 
Nursery,  71.    See  Nurse. 

Stn.  Seed-plot.  Seminary.  Plantation. 
School. 

AST.  World.  Life.  Education.  Pro- 
fession. 

Nurture,  v.    See  Nourish. 
Nutriment,  n.    See  Nurture. 

."^TN.  Aliment.  Food.  Sustenance.  Nou- 
rishment.    Replenishment.    Sustentation. 

Ant.  Starvation.  Languishment.  De- 
cay. Inanition.  Exhaustion.  Poison.  De- 
triment. 

Nutrition,  n.  The  process 
of  imparting  nourishment.  See 
.  utriment, 

Sra.  Alimentation.  Sustentation.  Feed 
ing. 

Akt.  Exhaustion.  Starvation.  Inani 
lion. 

0. 
Oaf,  n.    Apparently  connected 


Obdurate,  adj.  Lat.  oh  and 
durus,  hard. 

Stn.  Hardened.  Obstinate.  Stubborn. 
Impenitent.    Reprobate. 

Akt.  Softened.  Flexible.  Tender. 
Teachable.  Yielding.  Penitent.  DocUe. 
Amenable. 

Obedience,  n.  Lat.  obedient 
tia,  obtdire,  to  obey. 

Stn.  Submission.  Compliance.  Snfaeer- 
vience.    Submission. 

Ant.  Resistance.  Rebellion.  Violation. 
Transgression.    Antagonism.     Disobedience. 

Obedient,  adj.    See  Obedience. 

Obesity,  n.  Obedere,  obesus,to 
eat  airiiy.  Eoflexively,  the  re- 
sult of  continual  eating.  See 
Fat. 

Obey,  v.  tr.    See  Obedience. 

Object,  n.  Objicere,  object v a. 
Something  cast  or  projected  so 
as  to  be  a  matter  of  observation 
or  design. 

Stn.  Appearance.  Sight.  Design.  End. 
Aim. 

Ant.  Idea.  Notion.  Conception.  Fancy. 
Subject.    Proposal.     Purpose.    Kffon. 

Objective,  adj.    See  Object. 

Syn.  Extrinsic.    Concrete.    External. 
Ant.    Intrinsic.      Abstract.      Notional. 

Subjectis-e. 

Objurgate,  v.  tr.  and  ?h^ 
Lat.  objurgare,  jurgare,  to  quarrel 
or  scold.  To  remonstrate  con- 
tumeliously.     See  Scold. 

Oblation,  n.  Lat.  offerre,  00- 
lati'S,  tu  offer. 

Syn.  Offering.    Presentment.    Gift. 

Ant.  Spoliation.  Sacrilege.  Withhold- 
ing.   Resumption.    Refusal.    Negation. 

Oblig.\tion,  71.  Ohligare,  to 
hind. 

Syn.  Duly.  Necessity.  Compulsion. 
Contract.     Bond.    Covenant.     Behoof. 

Ant.  Promise.  '\\'ord.  Choice.  Fre«u 
ilom.  Assurance.  Declaration.  Intentioa 
E.xemptlon. 

Oblige,  v.  tr.    See  Obligation. 


A\ith  aiif  and  elf,  meaning  fairy.  \  Has  the  two  senses  of  exercising 
A  foolish  babe  left  liy  a  faii-y  as  compulsion  and  of  placing  undc: 
a  changeling.    See  Booby.  1  the  moral  force  of  gratitude. 


tSijuonynis  and  Antonyms. 


275 


Srv.  Conipfl.  Copv 
Ueni'lit.    Favour.    At 


Ant.  Release.  Acquit.  Induce.  Per- 
suade.   Aunoy.    Disoblige. 

Obuglng,  adj.  See  Obliga- 
tion. 

Stx.  Kiud.  Considerate.  Compliant. 
CompUusant.     Accommodating. 

Ant.  DiscouriHou-s.  Rude.  Cmss- 
grained.  Perverse.  Uuaccoinmodaliug. 
iJisobliging. 

Obliquk,  adj.     Lat.  oNijiam. 

Sin.  Divergent.  Diagonal.  Lateral. 
Angular. 

Ant.  Straight.     Rectilineal.    Forward. 

Obliterate,  v.  tr.  Ob  and 
llteru,  a  letter.     See  Efface. 

Oblivion,  n.  Lat.  obllvio,  ob- 
Uvlsci,  toforqet. 

.SvK.  Forgetfulness.     Disremembrance. 

Ant.  Remembrance.  Recollection.  Me- 
mory. Pieminiscence.  Commemoration. 
Celebration. 

Obloquy,  n.  Lat.  oUoqui,  to 
speak  aiiainst. 

Stn.  Censure.  Blame.  Defamation. 
Contumely.     Reproach. 

Ant.  Praise.  Panegyric.  Acclamation. 
Encominm. 

Obmutescbnce,  n.       Ob  and 

iwdns,  dumb.     Duinbness  from 
stupidity  or  amazement. 

SvN.  Dumbness.  Bewilderment.  Amaze- 
ment. 

Ant.  Eloquence.  Self-possession.  Self- 
assertion.    Effrontery. 

Obnoxious,  adj.  Oh  and 
noxius,  hurtfnl.  Eeflexively  used 
also  of  i^ersons  amenable  to  some 
unfavourable  influence. 

Stn.  Odious.  Detrimental.  PernU 
cious.    Amenable.     Liable. 

Ant.  Pleasant.  Grateful.  Wholesome. 
Salutary.  BeneficiaL  Unamenable.  In- 
if  pendent.    E.xempt. 

Obscene,  adj.    Lat.  ohsceiius. 

Stn.  Impure.    Immodest.    Indecent. 
Ant.  Pure.    Modest.    Decent. 

Obscure,  adj.  Lat.  olscurus. 
Used  literally  and  metapho- 
rically. 

Stn.  Dark.  Dim.  Lowering.  Indis- 
tinct. Enigmatical.  Uncertait.  Donbtful. 
'Jna.vertalned.    Humble.    Mea:: 


XccPssUato.  Force.  '        Ant.  Bright.     Luminous.    Diftlnct    Lu- 
miodatp.     (Jraiify.    cid.       I'lain.       Plain-spoken.      Intelligible. 

Urianibiu'uiius.        Ascertained.       Eminent. 

Prommeiit. 


Obsequious,  adj.  Obsequium, 
ohseqni.  A  ready  following  ujion 
the  known  or  expressed  will  of 
another,  with  a  tendency  to  ex- 
cess. 

Stx.  Submissive.  Servile.  Deferential, 
Crniging.    Sycophantic.    Flattering. 

Ant.  Insubmissive.  Independent.  Arro- 
gant.   Self-asseitive.    Impudent. 

Obsbbvance,  n.  Lat.  obser- 
vantia. 

Syn.  Attention.  Fulfilment.  Respect. 
Celebration.  Performance.  Ceremony.  Cus- 
tom.   Form.    Rule. 

Ant.  Inobservance.  Inattention.  Breach. 
Disrespect.  Disregard.  Desuetude.  Disuse. 
Non-performance.  Informality.  Uncere- 
moniousness.   Omission. 

Observant,  adj.  Lat.  obser- 
vare,  to  observe. 

Stn.  Regardful.  Attentive.  Mindful, 
Obedient. 

Ant.  Disregardful.  NeBl°ctful.  Un- 
mindfuL    Disobedient.    Heedless. 

Observation,  n.  See  Observ- 
ance. 

Stn.  Contemplation.  Study.  Remark. 
Attention.    Notice.    Comment. 

Ant.  Disregard.  Oversight.  Inadvert- 
ence.   Inattention.    Silence.    Ignorance. 

Obsolete,  adj.  Lat.  ob  and 
solere,  to  be  accustomed. 

Stn.  Antiquated.  Past.  Effete.  Dis- 
used.    Archaic. 

Ant.  Fashionable.  Modern.  Current. 
Customary.    Operative.    Extant. 

Obstacle,  n.  Lat,  obstare,  to 
stand  in  the  tuay. 

Si-N.  Impediment.  Obstruction.  Hin- 
drance.   Objection.    Bar. 

Ant.  Course.  Proceeding.  Career.  Ad- 
vancement. 

Obstinate,  adj.  Lat.  obsti- 
nare  (a  form  of  obstare,  to  stand 
in  the  ivay),  to  persist  in. 

Stn.  Headstrong.  Stubborn.  Refrac- 
tory.   Self-willed.    Pertinaci'ius.    Obdurate, 

Ant.  Amenable  Complaisant.  Yielding. 
Docile.  Ductile.  Characterless.  Irresolute, 
Wavering. 

Obstinacy,  7i.    See  Obstinate. 


276 


Synomjms  and  Anhnyms. 


Obstripkhous,  adj.  Lat.  oh 
and  strepere,  to  make  a  noise. 

Syn.  Noisy.  Uproarious.  Clamorous. 
Riittling. 

Ant.  Subdued  Quiet.  Noiseless.  Id- 
oostreperous. 

Obstruct,  v.  tr.  Obstruere, 
structus.  To  lay  down  or  build 
something  against,  or  in  the  way 
of  another.  Applied  to  persons 
and  proceedings. 

Sin.  Bar.  Block.  Choke.  Hinder.  Im- 
pede. 

AxT.  Open.  Clear.  Pave.  Facilitate. 
K.\pedite.  Further.  Advance.  Promote. 
Accelerate.    Aid. 

Obsteuction,  ??.   /See  Obstruct. 

Obtain,  v.  tr.  Lat.  obtinere. 
See  Acquire. 

Obtestation,  71.  Teatari,  to 
fiall  upon  sohnniily,  and,  as  it  were, 
before  witnesses. 

Srx.  Entreaty.  Supplication.  Ai^iuration. 
Akt.  Abjuration.  Deprecation.  I)etian;e. 

Obtrude,  act.  and  neut.  Ob- 
trudere,  fo  t/irust forward. 

Syn.  Force.   Thrust.  liiterfere.    Intrude. 

Ant.  Suggest.  Insinuate,  Retire.  With- 
Iraw. 

Obtuse,  adj.  Lat.  obtundf^re, 
tusHS,  to  blind  the  end  of  a  tiling; 
to  defyrive  it  of  point  or  sharjmess. 

Stn.  Dull.  Stupid.  Unintelligent. 
Stolid. 

Ant.  Acute.  Clever.  Intelligent.  Quick. 
Sharp. 

Obumbrate,  v.  tr.  Ob  and 
nmbra,  a  shad^.  To  throw  a 
shade,  or  darken. 

.''yn.  Sliaile.     Overshadow.     Dark' n. 
Ant.  Ligaten.     Illumine.    Elucidare. 

ObveesK,  adj.  Obversus,  ver- 
fire,  to  turn.  Turned  towai'ds 
the  spectator. 

Syn.  Opposite.    Facing. 
Ant.  Hinder.    Reverse. 

'Obviate,  v.  tr.  Ob  and  via,  a 
-rorKft.  To  lay  down  something 
in  the  road  by  way  of  opposition, 
and  so  intercept   '  >S>je  Prevent. 


Obvious,  adj.  See  Obviate. 
Standing,  as  it  were,  in  the 
middle  of  the  road. 

Stn.  Plain.  Self-evident,  Manifeat 
Explicit.    Apparent 

Ant.  Remote.  01)scure.  Far-fetched. 
Involved.    Latent. 

OoOASiON,  n.  Lat.  occasio,  a 
!  befalling,  oh  and  cadere,  casus,  to 

\full. 

I       Syn.  Conjuncture.    Opportunity.   Occur- 

'  rence.    Cause. 

Ant.   Untimeliness.     Unseasonableness 

Frustration. 

Occasionally,  adv.  Sre  Oc- 
casion. 

Syn.  Sometimes.    Casually.    Rarely. 
Ant.  Always.    Regularly.     Constantly 
Frequently. 

Occult,  adj.  Lat.  occultus, 
occulere,  to  cover  up. 

Syn.    Latent.      Hidden.      Unrevealed. 
Mysterious.    Secret. 
'        Ant.  Developed.    Plain.    Patent.    Clear. 
Familiar.    E.\poscd.    Open. 

Occupancy,  n.  Occupare,  to 
,  occuyiy. 

Syn.  Possession.  Enjoyment.  Tenure. 
]  Ant.  I^ectiou.  Eviction.  Disposses- 
sion. 

Occup.vNT,  ?i.     /See  Occupancy. 

.SvN.  Owner.  Resident.  Proprietor. 
'  Tenant. 

I        Ant.  Foreigner.    Stranger.    Visitor.    Ii>» 
I  truder.    Usurper. 

j     Occupation,   n.      See    Occu- 
!  pancy. 

Svx.  Employment  Avocation.  Pas- 
time. Possession.  Usurpation.  Encroach- 
ment. 

Ant.  Idleness.  Vacancy.  Leisure. 
Abandonment.    Vacation.    Resignation. 

I     Occupier,  n.    See  Occupant. 
I      Occur,   v.   int.       Occur rere,  to 
I  run   counter,  or    confront    in  the 
1  course  of  things. 

Stn.  Befall.  Happen.  Betide.  Supervene. 

AxT.  Pass.    Threaten.    Impend. 

Ocular,  adj.  Lat.  oculus,  the 
eije.     Of  the  eyesight. 

j        Syn.  Visible.    Demonstrable.    Palpable. 

Ant.  Inlercutial.     Auricular.     Hearsay 

I  Circumstantial.    l>eductivc.    Constructive. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


277 


Odd,  adj.  Swedish  and  Welsli. 

Syn.  Aloiie.  Sole.  Unmatched,  llc- 
maining.  Over.  Fragmentary  Uneven. 
Singular.  Peculiar.  Queer.  Quaint.  Kan- 
tastical. 

Ant.  Aggregate.  Consociate.  Matched. 
Balanced.  Squared.  Integrant.  Even. 
Common.    Usual.    Regular.    Normal. 

Odious,  adj.      Odium,  hatred. 

Syh.  Hateful.  OfTcnsive.  Detestable. 
Abominable. 

AiiT.  Delectable.  Grateful.  Accept- 
able.   I'lea'^nt. 

Odium,  n.    Lat. 

SrN.  Hatred.  Offensiveness.  Dislike. 
Invidiousness.  Jealousy.  Unpopularity. 
Grudge. 

Ant.  Love.  Tastefulness.  Acceptable- 
nes.».    Popularity.    Ungrudgingness.     Wel- 

Offal,  n.  Off  and  fall.  See 
Cream. 

Offend,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
offender  p. 

Sra.  Displea.se.    Affront.    Krr.    Fall. 

Ant.  Conciliate.    Gratify.    Please. 

Offence,  k.    See  Offend. 

Syn.  Attack.  Transgression.  Crime. 
Misdemeanour. 

Ant.  Defence.   Innocence.  GuiltlessaesB. 

Offensive,  adj.    See  Offend. 

Syn.  Aggressive.  Obnoxious.  Distaste- 
ftil.  Displeasing.  Foul.  Fetid.  Un- 
savoury. 

Ant.  Defensive.  Grateful.  Pleasant. 
Savoury. 

Offer,  v.  tr.    Lat.  offerre. 

Syn.  Propose.  Exhibit.  Proffer.  Pre- 
sent.   Ton  lor. 

Ant.  Withhold.  Withdraw.  Retract. 
Retain.    Alienate.    Diveit. 

Offering,   ri.    See  Offer  and 
Oblation. 
Office,  n.    I^at.  officlum. 

Syn.  Service.  Duty.  Appointment. 
Function. 

Ant.  Leisure.  Vacancy.  Resignation. 
Sinecure. 

Officer,  ».  See  Office.  One 
who  holds  an  office. 

Syn.  Official.  Functionary.  Conductor. 
Director.    Administrator.    Manager. 

Ant.  Member.  Servant.  Prisate.  Sine- 
enrist. 

Official,  ?:.    See  Officer. 


Official,  adj.  See  Officer. 
Appertaining  to  office. 

Syn.  Administrative.  Authoritalivo, 
Negotiative.     Functional.     Professional. 

Ant.  Private.  Unofficial.  Unprofes- 
sional. 

Officiate,  v.  int.    See  Officer. 

Stn.  Act.    Serve.    Perfonn. 
Ant.  Retire.     W  itness. 

Officious,  adj.  See  Officer. 
Over-ready  to  undertake  an 
office. 

Syn.  Meddling.  Interfering.  Pushing. 
Forward.     Intrusive. 

Ant.  Backward.  Negligent.  Remiss. 
Unofficious.  Retiring.  Modest.  Back- 
ward. 

Often,  adj.    Sax.  oft. 

Syn.  Frequently.    Ripeattdly. 
Ant.  Infrequently.    Seldom. 

Old,  adj.     Sax.  edd. 

Syn.  Aged.  Pristine.  Long-standing. 
Ancient.  Preceding.  Antiquated.  Obso- 
lete. 

Ant.  Youthful.  Young.  Recent.  Fresh. 
Modem.  Subsequent.  New-fashioned. 
Current. 

Oleaginous,  adj.  Lat.  olea, 
the  olive. 

Syn.  oily.  Unctuous.  Pinyuetudinous. 
Ant.  Harsh.  Dry.  Sour.  Acid.  Uois- 
tureless. 

Ominous,  adj.  Lat.  o?«e». 
Now  used  only  in  the  unfavour- 
able sense. 

Syn.  I'ortentous.  Suggestive.  Threat- 
ening.    Foreboding.     iTemonitory.    Uupro- 


raginu;. 

Omission,  n.  Lat.  omittere, 
to  hiive  out.  Used  both  of  tho 
act  of  omitting  and  the  thing 
omitted. 

Syn.  Oversight.     Exclusion. 

Ant.  Attenticn.    Insertion.    Notice. 

Oneness,  n.  Lat.  one,  unus. 
See  Unity. 

Onerous,  adj.  Lat.  onus,  eris^ 
a  burden. 

Sin.  Burdensome.  Toilsome.  Heavy. 
Responsible.  Oppressive.  Laburions.  Oijc- 
rose. 

Ant.    Light.     Easy       Irivitd.      Inop. 


278 


Sijmnyms  and  Antonyms. 


Onsbt,  n.  On  and  set.  Lat. 
sed'.re.     See  Attack. 

Onslaught,  ??.  Sax.  onslagan, 
to  dash  upon.     Sve  Onset. 

Onward,  adv.  and  adj.  On 
and  ward,  the  termination  of 
direction. 

Sru.  Forward.    Ahead. 

Ant.  Backward.    Astern.    Aback. 

OozK,  V.  int.     Sax.  ims,  juice. 
Sys.    Distil.      Drop.     Drip.     Percolate. 
Perspire.    Sweat.    Drain.    Leak. 

Ant.  Pour.  Rusb.  Flow.  Stream.  Oi^^gorge. 

Opaque,  adj.  Lat.  opacas. 
See  Transparent. 

Open,  v.  ad.  and  neat.  Sax. 
openian. 

Syn.  Unclose.  Lay  open.  Lay  bare. 
Expose.  E.Kplain.  Disclose.  Initiate.  Be- 
gin.   Commence. 

Ant.  Close.  Shut  up.  Cover.  Conceal. 
Inclose.    Mystify.    Misinterpret.    Conclude. 

Open,  adj.     See  Open,  verb. 

Syn.  Accessible.  Free.  Available.  Un- 
closed. Candid.  Frank.  Ingenuous.  Un- 
settled.   Undetermined. 

Ant.  Inaccessible.  Closed.  Barred. 
Unavailable.  Shut.  Close.  Secretive. 
Reserved.    Settled.    Determined. 

Opening,  n.    See  Open,  verh. 

Stn.  Aperture.  Gap.  Opportunity. 
Space.  Commencement.  Initiation.  Start. 
Inauguration. 

Ant.  Occlusion.  Obstruction.  Stop- 
gap. Unreasonableness.  Contretemps.  In- 
opportunenes-i.  Enclosure.  Termination. 
Close.     Knd.    Conclusion. 

Operate,    v.    act.    and    neut. 
Operari,  opus,  to  n-ork. 
'  SvN.  Act.     Work.    Produce.    Effect. 
AsT.  C^-'ase.    Rest.    Fail.    Misoperate. 

Operation,  n.     See  Operate. 

Syn.  Agency.  Action.  E.xercise.  I^ro- 
duction.     Influence. 

Ant.  Cessation.  Inaction.  Rest.  In- 
operativeness. IneflBcacy.  Inefficiency. 
Misoperation. 

Operative,  adj.    See  Operate. 

SvN.  Active.     Efficacious. 

Ant.  Iui!fficacious.    Inoperative. 

Operose,  adj.  Ojierosiis.  See 
Operate. 

Svw.  Onerous  Laboriovis.  Burdensome. 
Tediona.    Wearisome.    Toilsome. 


Ant.  Light.  Unburdensonie.  StSmuljit- 
ing.    Refreshing. 

Opine,  v.  int.  Lat.  opinaH. 
To  think  or  have  an  opinion. 

Syn.  Tliink.  Believe.  Conjectiire 
Suppose.    Judge.    Surmise. 

Ant.  Know.    Asceitain.    Verify. 

Opinion,  n.     See  Opine. 

Opinionative,  adj.  See  Opine. 
Apt  to  rest  too  much  on  one's 
own  opinion. 

Syn.  Dictatorial.  Dogmatical.  Self- 
conceited.    Oracular. 

Ant.  Modest.  Diffident.  Inquiring, 
Vacillating.    Cautious.    Undemonstrative. 

Opponent,  adj.  Opponere,  to 
place  a(juinst.     See  Adver.sary. 

Opportune,  adj.  Lat.  ojipo^-- 
timus.  Ob  and  partus,  a  harbour. 
As  timely  as  a  port  in  stress  of 
weather. 

Syn.  Timely.  Seasonable.  Appropriate. 
Felicitous. 

Ant.  Inopportune.  Untimely.  Unsea- 
sonable.   Infelicitous. 

Opportunity,  n.  See  Oppor- 
tune. 

Syw.  Occasion.    Turn.    Opening. 
Ant.    Inopportuneness.      Uuseasonable- 
ness.     Lapse.    Omission.    Contretemps. 

Oppose,  v.  tr.  Lat.  opponere, 
oppositus. 

Syn.  Withstand.  Resist.  Match.  Ob- 
struct.   Confront.    Oppugn.    Bar.     Hinder. 

Ant.  Aid.  Abet.  Back.  Support. 
Advance.    Expedite. 

Opposite,  adj.     See  Oppose. 

Syn.  Facing.  Adverse.  Repugnant, 
Inconsistent.  Irreconcileable.  Contrary. 
Contradictory. 

Ant.  Agreeing.  Coincident.  Consen- 
taneous. 

Oppress,  v.  tr.  Lat.  oppri- 
mere,  piri^ssiis. 

Syn.  Biirikn.  Grinil.  Weigh  dowa 
Persecute.     Aggrieve.     Maltreat.     Abuse. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Support.  Patronise. 
Assist.     Befriend. 

Oppression,  v.    See  Oppress. 

Option,  ii.  Lat.  optio,  optare, 
to  luish  or  choose. 

SvN.  Discretion.  Choice.  PrefereiKW. 
Deliberation. 


iSi/noni/7ns  and  Anionyms. 


279 


Ant  01  ligation.  Necessity.  Burden. 
Compulsion. 

Opulence,  n.     Lat.  opuhntia, 

oj:(s,  rfSdnrces. 

SvN.  Wealth.    Affluence.    Eiches. 
A:<T.    I'uverty.      Indigence.      Inipecu- 

ai<i>ily. 

Oracular,  adj\  Lat.  oracti- 
hart.  Used  of  an  authoritative 
way  of  .giving  opinions. 

Stn.  See  Ojiinionative. 

Oral,  adj.  Lat.  Os,  oris,  the 
mouth. 

Stx.  Unwritten.    Traditional.    Vocal. 
Ant.  Written.    Documentary. 

Orbit,  n.  Lat.  orhita,  orbis, 
an  orb. 

Sv:i.  Revolution."  Path.  Circuit.  Sphere. 

Ant.  Eccentricity.  Deviation.  Pertur- 
bation. 

Ordain,  v.  tr.  Ordinare,  ordo, 
to  ordtr. 

Srx.  Stt.  Appoint.  Decree.  Institute. 
Establish. 

Akt.  Subvert.  Revoke.  Cancel.  Annul. 
Disestablish.    Countermand. 

Ordeal,  )/.  Sax.  ordaJ,  Germ. 
uftheilen,  to  pass  sentence  or  di- 
vide judgiaent.  The  plungiug 
of  the  arm  into  boiling  water, 
and  the  walking  barefoot  over 
hot  ploughshares,  were  the  cus- 
tomary ordeals  of  England. 
Sometimes  the  accused  was 
thrown  into  deep  water.  If  he 
escaped  imhurt,  in  the  former 
cases,  or  sank  without  effort  to 
swim,  in  the  latter,  he  was  es- 
teemed innocent.  The  word  is 
used  generally  for  a  severe  test. 

Syn.  Test.  Trial.  Probation.   Experiment. 
Ant.  Argument.     Plea.    Discussion.    In- 
▼estigation.    Evidence. 

Order,  ^.    l&i.ordo. 

Stn.  Arrangement.  Condition.  Se- 
quence.   Direction.    Rank.    Grade. 

Ant.  Disarrangement.  Confusion.  Un- 
Kttlement.  Inversion.   Execution.   Disorder. 

Orderly,  adj.    See  Order. 

Stn.  Regular,    liquable.    Peaceable. 
jVnt.  Irregular.     Disorderly.    Riotous. 

Ordenance,  72.    /SVe  Ordain. 


Si-N.  statute.    Institute.    Decree.     Law. 
Akt.  Custom.    Usage.    Prescription. 

Ordinary,  adj.  See  Ordain 
and  Usual. 

Organize,  v.  tr.  Gr.  opyavov. 
an  instrument.  To  arrange  the 
compound  parts  of  a  thing  for 
an  ulterior  purpose. 

Syn.  Shape.  Ac^ust.  Constitute. 
Frame. 

Ant.  Distort.  Break  up.  Aimul.  Dis- 
organize.   Dismember.    Disband. 

Orifice,  ».  Lat.  orificJum,  os, 
oris,  a  mouth. 

Stn.  Aperture.  Perforation.  Mouth. 
Bung. 

Ant.  Obstruction.  Stopper.  Plug.  Im- 
perforation. 

Origin,  n.    Lat.  origo. 

Stn.  Source.  Commencement.  Spring. 
Cause.    Derivation. 

Akt.  Termination.  Conclusion.  E.k- 
tinction. 

Original,  adj.    See  Origin. 

Syn.  Primary.  Initiatory.  Primordial. 
Ancient.    Former. 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Terminal.  Modem. 
Later.    Derivative. 

Originate,  act.  and  7ieut.  See 
Origin. 

Syk.  Commence.  Spring.  Rise.  Start. 
Initiate.     Invent. 

Ant.  Prosecute.    Conduct.    Apply. 

Ornament,  n,  Lat.  ornamen- 
tuni. 

Syk.  Decoration.    Embellishment. 
Ant.  Disgrace.    Brand.    Disfigurement. 

Ornate,  adj.  Lat.  or7uitus, 
ornare,  to  adorn. 

Stn.  Decorated.  Embellished.  Rich. 
High-wrought. 

Ant.  Plain.  Chaste.  Nude.  NakeJ 
Bare.    Bald. 

Orthodox,  adj.    Gr.  6p6f]  8o^a , 
the  right  or  true  opinion. 
Si-N.  Correct.    Sound.    True. 
Ant.  Heretical.    Unorthodox. 

Ostensible,  adj.  Lat.  osteu" 
dere,  to  show.  Now  used  in  the 
sense  of  avowed,  with  the  implied 
possibility  of  the  avowed  :'•  case 
not  being  the  real  one. 


280 


Synonyms  and  Antomjms. 


Stk.  Avowed.  Pretended.  Declared. 
Outward.    Professed. 

Akt.  Real.  Genuine.  Concealed.  Un- 
pretended.    Actual     Veritable. 

Ostentation,  n.  Lat.  osten- 
tare,  freq.  of  ostendere,  to  show. 

Sir.  Show.  Parade.  Display.  Flou- 
rish. 

Akt.  Reserve.  Retirement.  Modesty. 
Concealment.  Unobtrusiveness.  Quiet. 
DifiBdence. 

Ostracism,  n.  Gr.  oarpaKov, 
a  shell  or  tile,  on  whicli  the  name 
of  the  Athenian  citizen  was 
written,  against  whom  a  vote  of 
banishment  was  given. 

Stn.  Banishment.  Expulsion.  Black- 
tall. 

Ant.  Admittance.  Enlistment.  Out- 
voting. 

Oust,  v.  tr.    Old  Fr.  oster. 

Stn.  Eject.   Dispossess.    Deprive.  Evict. 
Ant.  Instal.    Reinstate.    Readmit.    Re- 

etore; 


Outbreak,  v.    Out  and 

Stn.  Outburst.  Tumult.  Commotion. 
Insurrection.     Rebellion.     Ebullition. 

Ant.  Subsidence.  Pacification.  Quel- 
ling.   Quiet.     Order.    Cooling. 

OuTORT,  n.     Out  and  cry. 

Stn.   Clamour.    Tumult.    Denunciatioa 
Ant.  Acclamation.    Plaudit. 

Outlandish,  adj.  Out  and 
land. 

Syn.  Strange.  Queer.  Grotesque. 
Foreign. 

Ant.  Fashionable.    Modish.    Native. 

Outline,  7?.    Out  and  line. 

SrN.  Delineation.    Sketch.    Contour. 

Ant.  Form.  Substance.  Fi  fire.  Ob- 
ject. Subject.  Field.  Ground.  Bulk. 
Space. 

Outrage,  w  .  Not,  as  would  be 
jjerhaps  supposed,  from  out  and 
rage,  but  from  a  Low  Latin 
word,  nltraginm,  from  idtm,  be- 
yond. An  act  transgressing  due 
boimds. 

Syn.  Outbreak.  Offence.  Wantonness. 
Wischiet    Abuse.    Ebullition. 

^Vnt.  Moderation.  S.'lf-control.  St-lf- 
restraint.     Subsidence.      Coolness.     Calm- 


OuTRAGEOUS,  adj.  See  Ont- 
rage. 

Stn,  Excessive.  Unwarrantable.  Un. 
justifiable.  Wanton.  Atrocious.  Ne. 
farious. 

Ant.  Jloderate.  Justifiable.  Reason- 
able. 

Outset,  «.    Out  and  set. 

Syn.  Opening.  Start.  Commencement 
Exordium.  Beginning.  Inauguration.  Pre* 
face. 

Conclusion. 

Outshine,  v.  tr.  Out  and 
shine. 

Syk.  Surpass.    Eclipse.    Overshadow. 
Ant.  Foil.    Relieve.    Back. 

Outskirts,  n.    Out  and  skirt 

Si's.  Border.  Outpost.  Purlieu.  Envi- 
rons.    Precincts. 

Ant.  Interior.  Centre.  Bulk.  Body 
Mass.    Heart. 

Outspoken,  adj.  Out  and 
spoken. 

Stn.  Plain.  Frank.  Unreserved.  Can- 
did. 

Airr.  Mysterious.  Enigmatical  Re- 
served. Taciturn.  Secretive.  Uncom- 
municative. 

Outspread,  adj.  Out  and 
spread. 

Stk.  Expanded.  Unfolded.  Wrapped. 
Patent.     Dispread.    Open.     Outstretched. 

Ant.  Folded.  Coutracted.  Closed.  Furled. 
Collapsed. 

Outstanding,  adj.  Out  and 
standing. 

Syn.  Unappropriated.  Uncollected. 
Ungathered. 

Ant.  Appropriated.  Collected.  Gathered. 

Outstep,  v.  tr.    Out  and  step. 

Stn.  E.\ceed.  Transgress.  Outstrip. 
Outwalk. 


Outstretched,  adj.    Out  and 
stretched.    See  Outspread. 

Outstrip,  v.  tr.  Out  and  strip. 
See  Strip. 

Si-N.  Surpass.    Beat.    Distance.    Eclij-,sa 
Ant.  Follow.    Succeed. 

Outvie,  v.  tr.     Out  and  vie 
Sve  Vie  and  Eclipse. 


^ijnonijms  and  Antonyms. 


28] 


Outward,  «<//.  Out  and  ward. 
Sax.     Termination  of  direction. 

Stn.  Kxternal.  Apparent.  Visible. 
Sensible.  Superficial.  Ostensible  Forth- 
coming. 

Ant.  Internal.  Intrinsic.  Withdrawn. 
Inapparent.     inward. 

Outweigh,  v.  tr.  Out  and 
weigh.    ISee  Preponderate. 

Outwit,  v.  tr.  Out  and  wit, 
meaning  knowledge.  /See  Cir- 
cumvent. 

Outwork,  v.    Out  and  work. 

Stn.  Screen.  Abattis.  Propugnation. 
Fortification.     Escarpment. 

Akt.  Stand.   Position.    Ground.   Centre. 

Ovation,  v.  Ovis,  a  sheep, 
granted  in  sacrifice  to  the  ancient 
Roman  general  who  had  achieved 
a  victory  short  of  triumphal  ho- 
nours.    >Ste  Triumph. 

Overawe,  v.  tr.  Over  and 
awe.     tjee  Browbeat. 

Overbalance,  v.  tr.  See  Ba- 
lance. 

Overbearing,  adj.  Over  and 
bearing,  in  the  sense  of  de- 
meanour.    See  Arrogance. 

Overcast,  <t(lj.  Over  and  cast 
(with  clouds). 

Srs.  Cloudy.  Nubilous.  Lowering. 
Murky. 

Ant.  Cloudless.  Clear.  Luminous. 
Azure. 

Overcharge,  v.  tr.  See  Charge 
and  Exaggerate. 

Overcome,  v.  tr.  Over  and 
come.     See  Conquer. 

Overestimate,  i-.  tr.  Over 
and  estimate.  Lat.  adimure. 
See  Di-sparage. 

Overflow,  n.  Over  and  flow. 
L&t.finerf. 

Stn.  Redundancy.  Exuberance.  Super- 
ibundiincft. 

AST.  Deficiency.  Exhaustion.  Subsi- 
dence, 

Overlook,  v.  tr.     Over  and 


look.  To  survey  without  at* 
tention  or  minute  observation, 
and  that  purposely,  especially  as 
regards  what  is  amiss. 

Stn.  Condone.    Connive.    Disregard. 
Ant.    Visit.      Scrutinize.      Investigate 
Mark. 

Overpower,  v.  tr.  Over  and 
power,  from  Fr.  pouvoir,  to  he 
able.    See  Master. 

Overreach,  v.  tr.  See  Cir- 
cumvent. 

Oversight,??.  Over  and  sight. 
As  to  overlook  implies  a  pur- 
posed, so  oversight  is  an  acci- 
dental disregard. 

Stn.   Error.    Omission.    Mistake.    Slip. 
Ant.    Scrutiny.     Correction.      Kmenda- 
tion.    Attention.    Mark.    Notice. 

Overt,  adj.  Fr.  ouvert,  from 
the  Lat.  aperire,  to  open. 

Stn.  Deliberate.  PubUc.  Open. 
Avowed. 

Ant.  Covert.  Secret.  Implied.  Clan- 
destine.   Furtive. 

Overthrow,  v.  tr.  Over  and 
throw.  Applies  to  matters  ma- 
terial and  logical. 

Sin.  Destroy.  Subvert.  Upset.  Over- 
turn.   Ruin.    Demolish. 

Ant.  Restore.  Reinstate.  Construct. 
Regenerate.  Redintegrate.  Revive.  Re- 
edify. 

Overture,  n.    See  Overt. 

The  root  meaning  of  this  word 
is  an  opening  or  commencement, 
as,  the  first  piece  or  prelude  of 
an  opera— the  first  proceeding 
or  advance  between  negotiating 
parties. 

Stn.  Prelude.  Advance.  Proposal.  Offer. 
Invitation.    Lead.     Initiation. 

Ant.  Inaction.  Undemonstrativencss. 
Quiescence. 

Overturn,  v.  fr.  Over  and 
turn.    *S'ee  Overthrow. 

Overwhelm,  v.  tr.  Over  ar.d 
Sax.  whelm,  to  cover.   Forwthuan, 

Stn.  Cru^h.  Quell.  Extinguish.  I  irown 
I  .VxT.  Raise.  Reinvigorate.  Relnsiaw 
Re-establish.    Rescue.    Extncftt^ 


282 


S>/)ioivjms  and  Antonyms. 


Owe.  An^.  Sax.  ngan,  to  have  or 
j-Mssesa.  Had  originally  the  sense 
of  own,  the  old  English  oinen.  In 
time,  to  the  idea  of  possession 
AViis  added  that  of  responsibility 
(or  the  ground  and  conditions  of 
possession)  to  some  other,  by 
virtue  of  what  we  owned  or  had 
received. 

Sin.  Borrow.    Hypothecate.    Attribute, 
Ant.  Requite.  Repay.  Liquidate.  Defray. 

Own,  v.  tr.  See  Owe.  To 
declare  one's  self  the  possessor 
of  anything,  as,  property,  an 
opinion,  &c. 

Syn.  Possess.  Hold.  Acknowledge. 
Avow. 

Ant.  Alienate.  Forfeit.  Lose.  Dis- 
claim. Disavow.  Disinherit.  Disown.  Ab- 
jure.   Abandon, 


P. 

Pabular,  adj.  Lat.  2^"^uhim, 
food.  Appertaining  to,  or  aflFord- 
ing  food. 

Stn.  Esculent.  Nutritious.  Comestible. 
Alimental. 

AsT.  Uneatable.    Innutritious. 

Pacific.  JjuX.  pacificm.  Tend- 
ing to  or  characterized  by  peace 
or  peacefulness. 

Stn.  Conciliatory.  Mild.  Appeasing. 
Calm.    Tranquil.    Peaceful. 

AxT.  Unconciliatory.  Harsh.  Quarrel- 
some. Exasperating.  Irritating.  Turbu- 
lent.   Noisy.    Tumultuous.    Warlike. 

Pacification,  n.    See  Pacific. 

Pacify,  v.   tr.      See    Pacific. 

Applied  to  feelings  and  persons. 

Syn.  Appease.  Conciliate.  Calm.  Still. 
Quiet.    Tranquillize. 

Ant.  Kxasperate.  Agitate.  Excite. 
Irritate.    Rouse.    Provoke. 

Pack,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Germ. 
fachen.  To  stow,  or  to  admit  of 
being  conveniently  stowed.  Used 
also  in  the  sense  of  un&irly  collo- 
cating to  bring  about  a  certain 
end,  as,  a  'packed  meeting.' 


See  noun 

See 


Srx.  Stow.    Compact.   Compress.   C<xi)c 

AxT.  Unpack.    Unsettle.    Jumble.    Dfa* 

place.    Jlisarrange.    Dissipate.    Neutralize. 

Pact,  ??.  Lat.  vactum,  from 
pariftri\  to  make  a  hargain. 

SvN.  Agreement.  Bargain.  Covenant. 
League.     Ftond.    Alliance.    Stipulation. 

Ant.  Understanding.  Promise.  Parole. 
Honour. 

P.aEAN.  Lat.  and  Gr.  Origi- 
nally a  hjTnn  in  honour  of  Apollo, 
as  the  healer.  A  jubilant  hymn 
generally. 

Stn.  Jiibilation.    Te  Deim.    AUeluiah. 
Ant.  Dirge.   Miserere.   Threnody.  Jere- 
miade. 

Pagan,  n.  Lat.  'paganm^,  a 
villar/rr,  remote  in  early  Chris- 
tian times  from  the  influence  of 
Christianity  as  centred  in  the 
cities. 

Stn.  Heathen.    Idolater.    Gentile. 
Ant.  Believer.    Christian. 

Pagan,  adj. 
Paganism,  i 
Pageant,  ??.    Lat.  pagina,  a 

fi.xiure,  scaffold,  or  archiuuy. 

Stx.  Pomp.  Procession.  Ceremony. 
Display.    Spectacle.    Show. 

Ant.  Dream.  Illusion.  Phantasma- 
goria.    Mockery. 

Pageantry,  ii.    See  Pageant. 

Pain,  n.  Lat.  poena,  penalty, 
mental  and  hodily. 

Stn.  Penalty.  Suffering.  Distress.  Un- 
easiness. Grief.  (Labour.  Effort.  In  the 
pi.  Pains.)     Anguish.    Torture. 

Ant.  Reward.  Remuneration.  Ease. 
Gratification.  Joy.  Pleasure.  Felicity 
Relief.    Alleviation.     Enjoyment.    Delight. 

Pain,  v.  tr.     See  now. 

St.n.  Hurt.  Grieve.  Afflict.  Torment 
Rack.  Agonize.  Trouble.  Torture.  Ag- 
grieve.   Annoy. 

Ant.  Gratify.  Please.  Delight.  Re- 
joice.   Charm.    Relieve.    Ease.    Refresh. 

Painful,  adj.     See  verb. 

Painfully,  adv.    See  Pain. 

P.\INT,  V.  tr.  Tjat.  ^5?n(7e?T. 
Used  literally  and  metaphori- 
cally. 


Synonyms  and  Autonyms. 


283 


Stn.  Colour.  Tinge.  Tint.  Portray. 
Rc-presont.    Polineate.    Depict.    .Sketch. 

A:;t.  P.iub.  Caricature.  Mirsportray. 
Misrc-prescnt.    Misdeliiieaie.    Misdepict. 

Pale,  adj.     Lat.  palUdua. 

Stn.  rallid'.  Wan.  Faint.  Dim.  Un- 
defined.    Kliolated.    Sallow. 

Ant.  Eiiddy.  High-coloured.  Cun- 
Bpicuous.  Deep. 

Pall,  v,  tr.  and  int.   Fr.  }->aUe. 

.Syn.  Blunt.     Dispirit.    Satiate.    Cloy. 
Ant.      Quicken.       Sharpen.      Inspirit. 
Whet. 

Palll^te,  V.  tr.  Lat.  pallium, 
a  chak.  To  throw  a  cloak  over, 
and  «o  hide. 

Stx.  Cloali.  Cover.  Conceal.  Ex- 
tenuate.    Mitigate.    Soften. 

Ant.  Expose.  Denounce.  Exaggerate. 
Aggravate.    Magnify. 

Palm.  Lat.  pahna.  A  branch 
of  palm  being  borne  as  a  symbol 
of  victory  or  success. 

Stn.  Trophy.  Prize.  Crown.  Laurels. 
Bays. 

Ant.  Brand.    Stigma.    Shame.    Blot. 

Palmy,  adj.     See  Palm. 

Stn.  Prosperous.  Glorious.  Distin- 
guished. Victorious.     Flourishing. 

Ant.  Depressed.  Inglorious.  Undistin- 
guished. Unflourishing. 

Palpable,  adj.  Lat.  palpare, 
to  touch. 

Stn.  Material.  Corporeal.  Tangible. 
Obvious.    Gross.    Perceptible. 

Ant.  Immaterial.  Incorporeal.  Invisible. 
.Stherial.  Impalpable.  Indistinct.  Dubious. 
Imperceptible. 

Palpitate,  v.  int.  Lat.  pal- 
pita  re. 

Sin.  Throb.  Flutter.  Beat.  Pulsate. 
Pant. 

Anx.  Pause.    Stop.    Cease. 

Palter,  v.  Germ,  palte,  a  rarj. 
To  act  in  a  ragged,  i.e.,  mean  or 
beggarly,  way. 

Stn.  Sliuffle.  Prevaricate.  Tria>.  Shift. 
Dodge.     Haggle. 

Ant.  Act.    Determine.    Decide. 

Paltrt,  adj.     Sie  Palter. 

Stn.  Mean.  Shabby.  SliufRing.  Trifling. 
Prevaricating.  Shifty.  Contemptible.  I'iti- 
able.   Vile.   Worthless.    Beggarly.    'I"rashy, 

Ant.  Noble.  Honourable.  Candid.  Om- 
ideatlouB.     Determined.     Straightforward, 


Estimable.    Admirable.    Worthy.    Magnifi- 
cent. 

Pamper,  "••  tr.  Fr.  pamprcj 
Lat.  pa7npinu!<,-  a  vine-leaf  or 
branch — the  idea  being  to  foster 
into  excessive  luxuriance. 

SvN.  Feed.  Glut.  Spoil.  Indu'.ge. 
Cocker. 

Ant.  Harden.  Starve.  Inure.  Stin  t 
Discipline. 

Panegyric,  n.     Gr.  Travrj-yi. 

piKos,  SC,  \6yos. 

Stn.  Eulogy.    Encomium. 

Ant.  Stricture.  Satire.  Sarcasm.  Lam* 
poon.    Invective.    Philippic.    Tirade. 

Pang,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  pyngan,  to 
prick. 

Stn.  Paroxysm.  Throe.  Agony.  Con- 
vulsion.   Smart. 

Ant.  Pleasure.  Enjoyment.  Gratifica- 
tion. Delight  Delectation.  Fascination. 
Refreshment. 

Parable,  n.  Gr.  ■waph,  hj 
the  side,  and  j^aWetv,  to  cast  or 
place.  A  didactic  invention,  in 
which  things  natural  are  used  to 
illustrate  things  moral  and 
spiritual. 

Syn.  Apologue.    Similitude. 
Ant.  History.    Fact.    Narrative. 

Parade,  v.  tr.  It.  parare,  to 
adorn. 

Stn.  Vaunt.    Flaunt.    Display. 
Ant.  Suppress.    Veil.    Conceal 

Paeade,  n.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Vaunting.  Flaunting.  Display 
Pomp.    Ostentation.    Show.     Pageant. 

Ant.  Suppression.  Concealment.  Mo- 
desty. Humility.  Simplicity.  Undemon- 
strativeness.  Plainness.  Retirement.  Un- 
ceremoniousness. 

Paradise,  v.  Gr.  7rapa8eicros, 
a  (jarderi.      Used  metaphorically, 

Stn.  Heaven.    Bliss.    Ecstacy     Eden. 
Ant.    Purgatory.    Hell.    Misery.    Tor- 
ture. 

Paradox,  v.  Gr.  napa,  be- 
side, and  ba^u,  an  opinion.  A 
trutli  so  stated  as  to  Beem  ab- 
surd. 

Stn.  Contradiction.  Enigma.  Mystery, 
Absurdity.    Ambiguity. 

ANT.  Precept.  Proposition.  Axiom 
Triusm.     Postulate. 


284 


Sf/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Pahadoxical,  adj.  See  Para- 
dox. 

Stn.  See  Paradox. 

Ant.  Self-evident.  Axiomatic.  Lucid. 
Obvious. 

PaEALLKL,  f/f/y.    Gt.  Trap"  dXKrj- 

Xcov.  Extending  by  the  side 
of  each  other,  as  lines  always 
keeping  the  same  distance.  Used 
in  the  general  sense  of  the  fol- 
lowing : — • 

Sr.v.  Correspondent.  Congruous.  Corre- 
lative.   Analogous.    Concurrent. 

Ant.  Different.  Opposed.  Incongruous. 
Irrel.itive.  Unaualcgous.  Divergent  Con- 
trarian t. 

Paramount,  adj.    Old  Fr. 

Stn.  Superior.  Pre-eminent.  Chief.  Prin- 
cipal. 

Ant.  Subordinate.  Minor.  Inferior. 
Secondary. 

Parasitb,  71.  Gr.  napa,  hy  the 
side,  and  a-iTflv,  to  fctd.  One 
who  dines  at  the  expense  of  an- 
other, and,  to  ensure  repetitions 
of  the  invitation,  flatters  his  host ; 
hence,  generally,  a  flatterer. 

Stn.  Sycophant.  Flatterer.  Toady. 
Courtier. 

Ant.  Detractor.  Calumniator.  Traducer. 

Pardon,  v.  tr.  Lat.  per,  through, 
and  donare,  to  givi-.  To  give  so 
as  to  forgive.  Applied  to  per- 
sons and  their  offences. 


Ant.  Condemn.    Punish.    Visit. 

Pardoxablk,  adj.  See  Pardon. 

S»N.  Venial.    Excusable. 

Ant.  Inexcusable.    Unpardonable. 

Parsimonious,  adj.  Lat.  par- 
simonia. 

Stn.  Sparing.  Close.  Penurious.  Frugal. 
Niggardly.     Illiberal. 

Ant.  Liberal.  Unsparing.  Profuse.  Ex- 
travagant. 

Part,  n.     Lat.  pars,  partis. 

Stn.  I'onion.  I'iece.  Fragment.  Frac- 
tion. Division.  Member.  Constituent. 
Klfment.  Ingrrdienl.  Share.  Lot.  Con. 
ci-'rn.  Interest.  Participation.  Side.  Party. 
Intirest.    Faction.    Bthalf.     Duty. 


Ant.  AVhole.  CoH)letenes£.  Entirety. 
Integrity.  Totsility.  Mass.  Bulli.  Body. 
Compound.    Transaction.     Affair. 

Partake,  v.  int.  Compoi;nded 
of  i^art  and  take,  followed  by  the 
prep.  of. 

Stn.  Share.  Participate.  Accept.  D». 
rive. 

Ant.  Forfeit.  Relinquish.  Forego.  Cede. 
Yield.    Afford. 

Partial,  adj.  Lat.  pars,  part  is, 
a  part.  Aifecting  one  part  only, 
or  biassed  toward  one  part  or 
party. 

Stn.  Restricted.  LocaL  Peculiar.  Specific. 
Favouring.  Inequitable.  Unfair.  Biassed. 
Particular. 

Ant.  Unrestricted.  Total  UniversaL 
General.   Impartial.   Equitable.  Just.  Fair 


Partiality,  n.    See  Partial. 

Participate,  v.  int.  Partem 
capere.  To  take  a  part,  followed 
by  the  2^>'ep-  in  or  of.  See  Par- 
take. 

Particular,  adj.  Lat.  ^w/C/- 
cidaris.  Is  used  of  the  object 
and  the  subject ;  of  the  latter  in 
the  sense  of  critical. 

Stn.  Local.  Specific.  Subordinate.  De- 
tailed. Partial.  Special.  Fastidious.  Mi- 
nute. Scrupulous.  Careful.  Accurate. 
Exact.  Circumstantial.  Precise.  Delicate. 
Nice. 

Ant.  Universal.  General.  Unspeclal. 
Comprehensive.  Unscrupulous.  Uncareful. 
Inaccurate.  Inexact.  Rough.  Coarse.  In- 
discriminate.   Undiscriminating. 

Particular,  ??.     See  adjective. 

Stn.  Detail.    Point.    Feature. 
Ant.  Whole.    Subject.    Case. 

Partition,  v.  Lat.  part  ire,  to 
divide.  Used  for  tlio  thing  sepa- 
rating and  the  space  separated, 
as  also  for  the  act  of  dividing  or 
distributing. 

Stn.  Barrier.  Division.  EnclosurQ 
Compartment.  Interspace.  Separation.  I)i* 
tribution.    Allotment.    Screen. 

Ant.  Non-partition.  Non-distlnctiou 
Non-separation.  Inchision.  Cuniproliension 
Combination  Amalgamation.  lDcorpor» 
lion.  Coalition.  Union.  Concatenatluu 
CJeneralizatlon.    Collection. 


Sijno7Vjms  and  Antonyms. 


285 


Partner,  n.  From  part.  One 
who  in  any  way  takes  part  with 
another. 

Stn.  Associate.  Colleague.  Coadjutor 
Confederate.  Accomplice.  Partaker.  Com- 
panion.   Spouse. 

Ant.  Rival.  Alien.  Competitor.  Op- 
ponent.   Counter-agent. 

Passable,  adj.  From  pass. 
That  may  lie  passed  or  traversed. 
Also  used  in  the  sense  of  mo- 
derate, or  what  may  pass  un- 
challenged. 

Stn.  Traversable.  Navigable.  Pene- 
trable.   Admissible.    Tolerable.    Ordinary. 

Ast.  Impassable.  Impervious.  Im- 
penetrai)le.    Inadmissible.    Excellent. 

Passible,  adj.  Lat.  pati,  pas- 
sus,  to  s/iffer. 

Stx.  Susceptible.  Sensible.  Sensitive. 
Impressible. 

Ant.  Insusceptible.  Insensitive.  Im- 
passible. 

Passion,  n.  See  Passible.  Its 
old  sense  of  suffering  is  almost 
obsolete. 

Stn.  Emotion.  Desire.  Ardour.  Vehe- 
mence. Lust.  Anger.  Animation.  Ex- 
citement.   Warmth.    Feeling. 

Ant.  Coolness.  Indifference.  Apathy. 
Coldness.    Frigidity.    Iciness. 

Passive,  adj.    See  Passible. 

Stn.  Inactive.  Inert.  Quiescent.  Un- 
resisting. Unquestioning.  Negative.  En- 
during.   Patient. 

Ant.  Active.  Alert.  Resisteut.  Posi- 
tive. InsubmissiTe.  Malcontent.  Vehe- 
ment. 

Pastime,  n.  From  pass  and 
time. 

Stn.       Recreation.  Entertainment. 

Amusement.    Diversion.    Play.    Sport. 

Ant.  Business.  Study.  Labour.  Task. 
Occupation.    Work. 

Patch,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with 
Botch. 

Stn.  Botch.  Bungle.  Cobble.  Clout. 
Piece. 

AuT.  Fine-draw.    Embroider. 

Patent,  adj.  Lat.  patens,  from 
pattre,  to  open. 

Stn.  Obvious.  Evident.  Indisputable. 
Plain. 

-Ant.  Dubious.  Ambiguous.  Question" 
able 


Pathetic,  cxlj.  Gr.  ndBos, 
feeling. 

Stn.  Affecting.    Moving.    Emotional. 

Ant.  Ludicrous.  Unimpassloned.  Far- 
cical.    Unaffetting. 

Patience,  n.    Lat.  patientia. 

Stn.  Endurance.  Resignation.  Sub- 
mission.    Perseverance. 

Ant.  Resistance.  Insubmissivecess, 
Repining.  Rebellion.  Inconstancy,  lai- 
patience. 

Patient,  adj.    See  Patience. 
Patrician,  n.    Lat.  patricius. 

Stn.  Noble.    Senator.    Aristocrat. 
Ant.  Plebeian.    Churl. 

Patronize,  v.  tr.  Lat.  i^o^/o- 
nw.s,  a  patron. 

Syn.  Countenance.    Befriend.    Favour. 

Ant.  Oppress.  Depress.  Oppose.  With- 
stand.   Disfavour.    Discountenance. 

Pattern,  n.  A  form  of 
patron. 

Stn.  Model.  Sample.  Archetype.  Ex- 
emplar.   Specimen.     Mould.    Design.    Plan. 

Ant.  Monstrosity.  Caricature.  Perver- 
sion.   Misrepresentation. 

Paucity,  n.  Lat.  paucus,fnu. 

Syn.  Puirity.  Scantily.  Fewness.  De- 
ficiency. 

Ant.  Frequency.  Quantity.  Number. 
Abundance. 

Pause,  v.  int.  Gr.  TraCo-t?,  a 
cessation. 

Syn.  Cease.  Suspend.  Intermit.  For- 
bear.  Stay.   Wait.   Hesitate.   Demur.   Stop. 

Ant.  Continue.  Proceed.  Advance. 
Persist.    Persevere. 

Pave,  v.  tr.  Fr.  paver.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Stn.  Prepare.  Facilitate.  Smootbe.  Ex- 
pedite. Adapt.  Fit.  Mature.  Arrange. 
Dispose.    Qualify. 

ANT.  Obstruct.    Indispose.    Disqualify. 

Pawn,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  pan, 
pledge. 

Stn.  Pledge.    Impignorate. 
Ant   Kansom     Redeem. 

Pay,  V.   tr.      Old    Fr.   faier, 
I  conn,  with  pax,  peace.     To  ap- 
{ pease  need,  especiiilly  by  com- 
pensation.    Applied  to  the  ol> 
I  ject  and  subject  of  payment 


2S(J 


Sifnonyms  mid  Antonyms. 


Sin.  Compensate.  Remunerate.  Satisfy. 
Discharge.     K.xipeiid.     Disburse.     Requite. 

.\NT.  Deprive.  Defraud.  Exact.  Dis- 
satisfy.   Hoard.    Retain.    Invest.    Fund. 

Payment,  n.    See  Pay. 

Pe.\CK,  n.     Lat.  pax,  pads. 

Sr.v.  Quiet.  Tranquillity.  Calm.  Re- 
pose. Pacification.  Order.  Calmness.  Re- 
conciliation.    Harmony.    Concord. 

Ant.  Noise.  Disturbance.  Tumult. 
Agitation.  Hostility.  Disorder.  Emliroil- 
meut.    AVar.    Discord.    Variance.    Strife. 

Peacbablb,  adj.  See  Peace. 
Ai^i^lies  more  correctly  to  the 
disposition  of  persons,  as  peaceful 
to  the  state  of  things. 

Syx.  Unwarlike.  Inoffensive.  Quiet. 
Innocuous.  Mild.  Unquarrelsome.  Serene. 
Placid. 

AST.  Pugnacious.  Warlike.  Litigious. 
Quarrelsome.  Savage.  Fierce.  Hostile. 
Violent.    Bellicose.    Restless. 

Peasant,  n.  Old  Fr.  jjuisnnt, 
New  Fr.  paysan,  from  pays,  conn, 
with  Lat.  pagus,  the  country. 

Si-N.  Countryman.  Hind.  Clown.  La- 
bourer.   Villager.    Swain. 

-Ant.  Citizen.    Cockney.    Townsman. 

Peccability,  n.   See  Peccable. 

Pkccablb,  adj.  Lat.  pecca- 
hilis,  peccare,  to  sin.  Ijiable  to 
sin. 

Syn.  Frail.    Sinful. 

Ant.  Impeccable.    Perfect.    Incorrupt. 

Peccant,  adj.     See  Peccable. 

SvN.  Morbid.  Corrupt.  Criminal.  Offen- 
eive.    Objectionable.    Vicious. 

Ant.  Pure.    Incorrupt.    Wholesome. 

Pkouliar,  adj.  Lat.  pccidium, 
private  property. 

SvN.  Private.  Personal.  Characteristic. 
Special.  Specific.  Particular.  Unusual. 
Singular.    Uncommon. 

Ant.  Public.  Common.  General.  Uni- 
versal.   Unspeclal.    Ordinary.    Common. 

Peculiarity,  n.  See  Peculiar. 
That  wliich  is  peculiar  to  an  in- 
dividual or  subject. 

Syn.  Specially.  Individuality.  Dis- 
tinctiveness.   Idiosyncrasy. 

Akt.  Generality.  Universality.  Com- 
munity. Uniformity.  Homology.  Homo- 
geneity.   Couuaturaliv 


Pedantic,  adj.  Yr.  pedant^ 
a  corruption  of  the  Lat.  pceda- 

gogans. 

Stn.  Paidagogical.     Priggish. 
Ant.  Unaffected.    SlijisUod. 

Peerless,  adj.  Without  a 
peer  of  par,  i.e.,  equal. 

Syn.  Matchless.    Paramount.    Unique. 
Ant.    Mediocre.     Commonplace.     Orll- 
nary. 

Peevish,  adj.  A  corruption 
of  perverse. 

Stn.  Fretful.  Querulous.  Petulant. 
Testy.     Captious.     Waspish.    Splenetic. 

Ant.  Genial.  Complaisant.  Insensate. 
Inquerulous.  Easy.  Good-natured.  Good- 
tempered. 

Pelf,  n.  Old  'Ens,,  pelf ry ,  Old 
Fr.  j>el2)e,  booty,  from  pelpcr,  to 
pillage,  conn,  with  Lat.  pilare, 
to  plunder.     Ill-gotten  gain. 

Syn.  Lucre.    Mammon. 

Ant.  Reward.    Compensation.    AV'age. 

Pellucid,  adj.  Lat.  per  and 
lucidus. 


Ant.  Opaque.  Semi-opaque.  Luteous. 
Turbid. 

Penal,  adj.  Fr.  iK-nal,  Lat. 
paivi,  punishment. 

Syn.  Retributive.  Coercive.  Visitatorial. 
Casiigatory.  Inflictive.  Corrective.  Puni- 
tive. 

Ant.  Remunerative.  Reparatory.  De- 
corative.   Honorary. 

Penalty,  n.  Contracted  from 
penality.    See  Penal. 

Sra.  Pain.  Punishment.  Forfeiture. 
Price.    Fare.    Retribution.    Amercement. 

Ant.  Guerdon.  Wages.  Reward.  I're- 
mium.  Prize.  Douceur.  Sop.  Bribe, 
Honorarium.  Compensation.  Remunera- 
tion. 

Penetrable;  a<fy.  Lat.  peue- 
trabilis. 

Syn.  Pervious.    Permeable. 
Ant.  Impervious.    Impermeable. 

Penetration,  n.  Lat.  pme- 
trare,  to  penetrate, 

Syn.  Discernment.  Observation.  Saga* 
city.    Acutcness.    Discrimination. 

Ant.  Indiscernment.  Dulness.  I,-.dia 
crimination.  Stolidity  Hebitude.  Short 
Bightednea*.    Shallowness.    Obtusenes.-.. 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


PknitencE,«.  Jjatpnenitmtia. 

Syx.  Repentance.  Contrition.  Sorrow. 
Eemorse. 

Ant.  Congratulation.  Self-approval. 
Olxiuracy.    Hard-hearteduess. 

Penitent,  adj.   See  Penitence. 

Penitential,  adj.  See  Peni- 
tence. Having  the  feeling,  or  the 
outward  character  which  suits 
the  feehng,  of  penitence. 

S\-y.  WailinL'.  Mournful.  Dlrgeful. 
gorrowlul.    Contrite. 

Pensive,  adj.  Lat.  pendcre,  to 
wei'jh. 

Stn-.  Meditative.  P.uminatlng.  Thought- 
ful.   Musing.    Reflective. 

Akt.  Vacant.  Joyous.  Unreflecting. 
Careless.  Thoughtless.  Unmeditative.  In- 
cogitant.    Unreflective. 

Penurious,  adj.    See  Penury. 

Syn.  Niggardly.    Parsimonious.    Avari- 
cious.   Griping.     Miserly.    Close-fisted. 
Ant.  Liberal.    Open-handed.    Bountiful. 

Penury,  n.    Lat.  i^enuria. 

Syn.  Want.  Privation.  Poverty.  In- 
digence.   Impecuninsity. 

A^^.  Competence.  Wealth.  Affluence. 
Pecuniosity. 

People,  n.    Lat.  populus, 

•Stn.  Nation.  Community.  Populace. 
Moh.    Crowd.    Vulgar.    Herd.    Mass. 

ANT.  Aristocracy.  Nobility.  Govern- 
ment.   Ruler.    Oligarchy. 

Perceivable,  adj.  See  Per- 
ceive. 

Stn.  Cognizable.  Appreciable.  Per- 
ceptible.   Sensible.    Distinguishable. 

Ant.  Incognizable.  Inappreciable.  Im- 
perceptible.  Insensible.    Indistinguishable. 

Perceive,  v.tr.  Lat. percipere. 
Used  of  the  senses  and  the  mind. 

Stn.  Discern.  Distinguish.  Descry.  Ob- 
serve. Feel.  Touch.  See.  Recognize. 
Understand.    Know. 

Ant.  Miss.  Misobserve.  Overlook.  Mis- 
understand.   Misconceive.    Mlsperceive. 

Perceptible,  adj.     See  Per- 
ceivable. 
Perception,  n.    See  Perceive. 

Stn.  Cognizance.  Apprehension.  Sight. 
Understanding.    Discernment. 

Ant.  Incognizance.  Ignorance.  Im- 
perceptioa.  Misapprehension.  Misuuder- 
KtandiBC^ 


287 
See    Per- 


Pkrceptive,  adj. 
ceive. 

Stn.  Cognitive.  Apprehimsive.  Sensitive. 

Ant.  Ufflettivo.  ileniiniscent.  Insen- 
sible.  Inipercipient.  Inobservant.  Inap- 
prehensive.    Insensitive. 

Percipient,  adj.  See  Percep- 
tive. 

Percussion,  n.  Lat.  percutere^ 
cusffiix,  to  strike  together. 

Stn.  Collision.  Shock.  Encounter. 
Crash. 

Ant.  Graze.  Touch.  Recoil.  Rebound. 
Repercussion.    Reverberation. 

Perdition,  n.  Lat.  perdere,  to 
lose.     Utter  loss. 

Stn.  Destruction.  Ruin.  Loss.  Demo- 
lition. 

Ant.  Restoration.  Recovery.  Rencva 
tion.    Rescue.    Salvation. 

Peregrination,  ?j.  Lat.  pere- 
f/ririatio,  peregrinus,  foreign. 
Foreign  travel. 

Stn.  Wandering.  Travel.  Perambula- 
tion.    Perenation. 

Ant.  Domiciliation.    Residence. 

Psremptort,  adj.  Lat.  peri- 
mere,  to  destroy.  Deadly;  deci- 
sive ;  final. 

Stn.  Decisive.  Express.  Absolute. 
Authoritative.  Arbitrary.  Dogmatical. 
Imperious. 

Ant.  Suggestive.  Entreative.  Mild. 
Postulatory.    Hortatory. 

Perennial,  adj.  Lat.  peren  n  is, 
2>er  annum,  or  per  annos.  Lasting 
through  the  year,  or  through 
many  years. 

Stn.  Perpetual.  Unceasing.  Unfailiiit;. 
Ceaseless.  Incessant.  Constant.  Per- 
manent.   Unintermittent.    Continual. 

Ant.  Periodical.  Occasional.  Inter- 
mittent.   Failing.    Deficient.    Uncertain. 

Perfect,  adj.  Lat.  perfectus^ 
Carried  out  to  its  completion,  or 
completely  illustrating  its  nature 
or  piu'pose. 

Stn.  Consummate.  Complete.  Full.  In- 
deficient.  Immaculate.  Absolute.  Fault- 
less.   Impeccable.    Infallible.   Unblemisb»>d. 

Ant.  Incomplete.  Meagre.  Faulty. 
Scant.  Short.  Deficient.  Defective.  Im- 
perfect. Pecoable.  FalL'Ke  Blemished. 
Marred.   Spoilt. 


288' 


Sijnonfjins  and  Anioni/ms. 


Perfection,  n.    See  Perfect. 
Perfidious.    Lat.  pcr/idivsns. 
Said  of  persons  and  their  acts. 

Stx.  False.  Treacherous.  Faithless. 
Traitorous.    Deceptive. 

Ant.  True.    Staunch.    Faithful. 
Peeforate,   a>l/.       Lat.   jjer- 
forat/is. 

Stx.  Bored.    Pierced.    Drilled. 
Ant.  Uupierced.    Imperforate. 

Perform,  v.  tr.  Lat.  per  and 
forma.  To  carry  out  a  plan, 
purpose,  or  design,  to  its  com- 
jjletion. 

Stn.  Accomplish.  Do.  Act.  Transact. 
Achieve.  Execute.  Discharge.  Fulfil. 
Effect.    Complete.    Consummate.     Enact. 

Ant.  Miss.  Mar.  Misperform.  Mis- 
execute.  Botch.  Misenacl.  Misconduct. 
Spoil. 

Performance,  «.  See  Per- 
form. 

Perfume,  n.  Lat.  ^^er  and 
fumas,  smoke. 

Stn.  Odour.  Scent.  Fragrance.  Redo- 
lence.   Aroma. 

Ant.  Fetor.    Stench.    Stink. 

Perfunctory,  adj.  Lat  per- 
fnngi,  to  disrJinrye.  Said  of  deeds 
or  manner  indicating  indiflference 
in  the  doer,  as  acting  by  routine. 

Six.  Uninterested.  Routine.  Mechani- 
cal.   Careless.    Slovenly. 

AxT.    Interested.       Zealous.  Spirited. 

Anunated.    Ardent.    Assiduous  Careful. 

Perhaps,  adv.  Lat.  per,  hy, 
and  Eng.  hap,  chance. 

Srx.  Possiblj'.  Peradventure.  Per- 
chance. 

A  XT.  Certainly.    Inevitably. 

Peril,  n.    Lat.  periclum. 

Stn.  Danper.  Risk.    Hazard.   Jeopwdy. 
Insecurity.     Uncertainty.    Unsafely. 
Ax-t.  Security.    Safety.    Certainty. 

Perilous,  adj.    See  Peril. 
Period,  n.    Gr.  irfplobos. 

SiN.  Time.  Date.  Epoch.  Era.  Age. 
Duration.  Continuance.  Limit.  Bound. 
End.    Conclusion.    Determination. 

A.VT.  Eternity.  Datelessness.  Immemoria- 
Uty.  Infinity.  Perpetuity.  lUimitabillty. 
Enca(>«Baebak   hidefiniteteas.  Indeterminate- 1 


Periodical,  adj.    Ste  Peiaort. 

Stx.  Stated  Recurrent.  Regiilai 
.  systematic.     Calculable. 

AxT.  Indeterminate.  Eccentric.  Irregular 
incalculable.    Spasmodic.    Fitful. 

Perishable,  adj.  Fr.  2>eris»' 
ahle. 

Stn.  Frail.  Evanescent.  Fragile.  De- 
structible. Fleeting.  Transient.  Ephemeral 
Impermanent. 

Ant.  Enduring.  Lasting.  Indestructible. 
Imperishable.  Pei-sisteut.  Perpetual.  Per- 
manent. 

Permanent,  adj.  Lat.  per  and 
manere.     See  Perishable. 

Permeable,  adj.  Lat.  pev 
meare,  to  pass  through. 

Stn.  Penetrable.  Pervadible.  Perco. 
lable. 

Ant.  Impenetrable.    Impermeable. 

Permeate,  v.  int.  See  Pei> 
meable. 

Permissible,  adj.  Lat  per 
initfere,  to ptermit. 

Stn.  Allowable.    Sufferable.    Lawful. 

AxT.  Unallowable.  Insufferable.  Un- 
lawful. 

Permission,  n.  Set  Per- 
missible. 

Stx.  Leave.  Licence.  Dispensation. 
Allowance.  Liberty.  Consent.  Sufferance. 
Compliance.    Endurance. 

Ant.  Prohibition.  Refusal.  Denial. 
Prevention.    Hindrance.    Resistance. 

Permit,  v.  tr.  See  Permission. 

Permutation,  7i .  Lat.  permu' 
tatio. 

Stn.  Interchange.  Transference.  Trans, 
position. 

AxT.  Stabilitation.  Ketent'on.  Fixity. 
Sequence.    Order.    Series.    Suctession. 

Pernicious,  adj.     Lat  per- 

nicies,  destruction. 

Stn.  Hurtful.  Harmful.  Noxious.  Dele, 
terious.  DetrimejitaL  Destructive.  Deadly. 
Injurious. 

Ant.  Beneficial.  Wholesome.  In 
nocuous.  Undetrimental.  Innocent  Salu 
tury. 

Perpetrate,  v.  tr.  Latjoer. 
Ktrare.    To  do,  in  a  bad  sense. 


petra,  _, 
o.rN.  Commit. 
ASX  Achieve    rerfcct 


Synuiiijms  d^^d  Antonyms. 


289 


PEBirTXJAL,  adj.  Lat.  per- 
petuus. 

SrN.  Constant.  Unceasing.  Endless. 
Etpmal.  Everlasting.  Unfailing.  Peren- 
nial.   Continual.     Enduring.     Incessant. 

Ant.  Inconstant.  Periodic.  Pvecurrent. 
Temporary.  Transient.  Failing.  Ex- 
haustible.   Occasional.  Momentary.   Casual. 

Perpetuate,  v.  tr.  See  Per- 
petual. 

Stn.  Continue.    Stabilltate.    Eternize. 
Ant.  Discontinue.    Abolish.    Eradicate. 
Cancel.     Disestablish.    Break. 

Perpetuity,  n.  See  Perpe- 
tuate. 

Syn.  Constancy.  Permanence.  Perennity. 
Persistence.    Continuity.    Fixity. 

Ant.  Inipermanence.  Transience.  Evan- 
escence. Discontinuance.  Casualty.  Mo- 
mentariness. 

Perplex,!'. tr.  Jjdt. perplexari. 
To  make  intricate  or  involved. 
Also,  as  applied  to  persons,  to  place 
in  a  state  of  mental  confusion. 

Stn.  Embarrass.  Puzzle.  Entangle.  In- 
volve. Encumber.  Complicate.  Confuse. 
Bewilder.     Mystify. 

Ant.  Clear.  Enlighten.  Explicate.  Dis- 
entangle. Simplify.  Elucidate.  Disen- 
cumber. 

Perplexity,  n.    See  Perplex. 

Persecute,  v.  tr.  Lat.  pcr- 
sequi,  part,  secid-us. 

Stn.  Harass.  Molest.  Annoy.  Worry. 
Ves. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Inspirit.  Abet.  Sup- 
port. 

Perseverance,  n.  Lat.  per- 
severcmtia. 

Stn.  Persistence.  Steadfastness.  Con- 
stancy. Indelatigableness.  Resolution. 
Tenacity. 

jVnt.  Inconstancy.  Unsteadfastness. 
Fitfulness.  Caprice.  Irresoluteness.  Vacil- 
lation. Wavering.  Indecision.  Variableness. 
Levity.     Volatility. 

Persistence,  n.  Lat.  per- 
sistere,  to  endure.  It  has  the 
senses  of  permanence  as  an  ex- 
ternal quality  of  objects,  and  also, 
subjectively,  of  permanence  of 
purpose,  or  perseverance.  See 
Pei-severance  and  Perishable. 


Personal,  adj.  Lat.  persona. 
Belonging  to  the  person,  or  re- 
ferred to  the  person,  as  distin- 
guished from  belonging  to  the 
race. 

SvN.  Individual.  Special.  Peculiar. 
Idiosyncratic. 

Ant.  Generic.    Common. 

Perspicacity,  n.  Lat.  pitr- 
spicacitas.  Acuteness  of  discern- 
ment. 

Stn.  Acuteness.  Discernment.  Sagacity. 
Penetration. 

Ant.  Hebetude.  Dulness.  Stolidity. 
Inobservance. 

Perspicuity,  n.  Lat.  perspi- 
cuus,  clear.  Especially  used  of 
clearness  of  statement. 

Sto.  Clearness.  Lucidity.  Transparency. 
Intelligibility. 

Abt.  Ob.scnrity.  Turbidity.  Unintelli- 
gibility.    Mysiitication.    Confusedness. 

Persuade,  v.  tr.  Lat.  per- 
suadere.  To  persuade  is  to  lead 
to  a  conclusion  by  moral,  or  con- 
vince by  intellectual,  argument. 

Stn.  Induce.  Influence.  Incline.  Cun- 
vince     Dispose. 

Ant.  Deter.  Disincline.  Indispose., 
Mlspersuade.    Misinduce.    Coerce.    Compel. 

Persuasion,  n.   See  Persuade. 

Pert,  adj.  Lat.  aiwrtus,  open. 
Formerly  frank,  of  open  cha- 
racter ;  now  bearing  the  un- 
favourable sense  of  a  combina- 
tion of  weakness  and  forwardness. 

Sts.  Flippant.    Saucy.     Impudent. 
Ant.  Modest.    Retiring.    BashfuL    De- 
mure.   Staid. 

Pertinacious,  adj.  Lat.  per- 
tinax,  from  per  and  tenax. 
Strongly  holding  to  one's  pur- 
pose, but  with  a  shade  of  un- 
favourableness  in  meaning. 

Stn.     Obstinate.      Persistent.      Wilful. 
'  Dogged.    Perseverirg. 
I       Ant.  Flexible.    Inconstant.    Irresolute. 
I  Volatile. 

I     Pertinacity,  n.     See  Perti- 

!  nacious. 

{     Pertinent,  adj.    Lat.    perti* 


290 


nere,  to  helonfi.  Simply  belonging 
to  another  thing,  or  having  a  fit- 
ness of  relationship  to  it. 

Stn.  Related.  Connected.  Appertain- 
ing. Appropriate.  Fit.  Apposite.  Just. 
Proper.    Congruous.    Applicable. 

Ant.  Unrelated.  Unconnected.  Alien. 
Inappropriate.  Impertinent.  Incongruous. 
Discordant    Repugnant. 

Pebvade,  v.  tr.  Lat.  per- 
vaderc,  to  go  tliroiiqli  and  through, 

Stn.  Permeate.  Fill  Saturate.  Colour. 
Tinge. 

Akt.  Touch.    Affect. 

Perverse,  adj.  Lat.  perversiis, 
turned  the  vn-ong  way. 

Stn.  Froward.  Untoward.  Stubborn. 
Fractious.  Wajward.  Unmanageable.  In- 
tractable.   Crotchety. 

AuT.  Docile.  Ductile.  Amenable.  Go- 
vernable. Complacent.  Accommodating. 
Pleasant.    Obliging. 

Perversiox,  n.  See  Perverse. 
A  tT^isting  of  ti-rith,  or  of  any- 
thing a-way  from  its  right  use. 

Srs.  Abuse.  Misrepresentation.  Dis- 
tortion. Corruption.  Misinterpretation. 
Caricature.    Sophistry. 

Ant.  Use.  Conservation.  Representa- 
tion. Right.  Truth.  Portraiture.  Mani- 
festation. Explanation.  Interpretation. 
Reason.  Correction.  Authentication.  Veri- 
fication. 

Pervious,  adj.  Per,  through, 
and  via,  a  way. 

Stn.  Penetrable.  Traversable.  Explor- 
able. 

Ant.  Impenetrable.  Impervious.  Im- 
pregnable.   Inexplorable. 

Pest.  ??.  Lat.  pesffs,  a  plague 
or  disease.  Metaphorically,  any 
annoying  or  destructive  con- 
comitant. 

Stn.  Plague.  Nuisance.  Curse.  An- 
noyance. 

Ant.  Benefit.    Blessing.    Acquisition. 

Pester,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  ein- 
ffstrer,  to  entangle.  To  frequent 
with  annoying  influence,  or  an 
annoying  frequency. 

Sin.  J'lague.  AVorry.  Vex.  Harass. 
Diaquitt.    Annoy.    Teaze..   Torment. 

Aht.  Treat.  Regale.  Amuse.  Refresh. 
Sraiify.    Sootbe. 


Sijnomjms  and  Anionyim. 


Pestiferous,  adj.  Pedis,  a 
plague,  and /erre,  to  bring. 

Syn.  Insalubrious.  Morbific.  PeslilentitU. 
Deleterious.  Mephitic.  Virulent.  Morti- 
ferous.    Lethal. 

Ant.  Genial.  Salubrious.  Balmy.  Salc- 
lifemus.  Sanitary.  Innocuous.  Remedial. 
Wholesome.  Nutritive.  Pure.  Sanative. 
Disinfectant. 

Pet,  n.  Probably  contracted 
from  Fr.  petit,  srrudl. 

Srx.  Darling.  Fondling.  Favourite. 
Cosset.    JeweL    Minion.    IdoL 

Ant.  Horror.  Bugbear.  Aversion. 
Scarecrow. 

Pet,  v.  tr.  See  noun  and 
Fondle. 

Petition,  n.  "Lai.  petitio,  pe- 
tere,  to  ask. 

Stn.  Supplication.  Entreaty.  Cra\ing. 
Application.  Appeal.  Salutation.  Prayer. 
Request.    Instance. 

Ant.  Deprecation.  Expostulation.  Pro- 
test. Command.  Injunction.  Cl.iim.  De 
mand.    Requirement.    Exaction.   Iiictation. 

Petrify,  v.  tr.  Petra,  a  rock 
or  stone,  and/'fcere,  to  make.  To 
turn  rigid  with  wonder  or  fear. 

Stn.  Astound.  Electrify.  Dismay 
Horrify.  Appal.  Stun.  Stupefy.  Dumb- 
founder. 

Ant.  Reassure.    Tranquillize. 

Pettish,  adj.  Apt  to  be  in  a 
state  of  pet  or  crossness,  pet  be- 
ing probably  for  pout,  the  ex- 
pression of  the  mouth  in  sullen- 
ness. 

Stn.  Petulant.  Testy.  Peevish.  Wasp- 
ish.   Querulous. 

.\NT.  Easy.  Jovial.  Good-humoureA 
Genial. 

Petty,  af?y.  "Ft.  petit.  Small; 
especially  in  character,  motive, 
disposition,  or  views. 

Stn.  Small.  Mean.  Paltry.  Ifnoble. 
Trifling.    Nan-ow. 

Ant.  Large.  I.arge-heart^l.  Xoble. 
Generous.  Chivalrous.  Magnificent.  I.  beraL 
Broad. 

Petulant,  lulj.   Lat.  petvlans 
See  Peevish. 
Phantasm,  n.    Lat.  and  Gr. 
Phantasma,  n .  An  appcaranc* 


Synonyms  ana.  Antoivjms. 


291 


SvN.  Madness.  Insanity.  Di'lldusu 
Mnnia.  Raving.  Hallucination.  AQ!.if.:a, 
Inspiration. 

Akt.  Sanity.  Sobriety.  Rationalityi 
Lucidity. 

Physical,  aJJ.  Gr.  (j^vais, 
nctf.ure.  Used  in  the  twofold 
sense  of  appertaining  to  visible 
or  material  nature,  and  consonant 


presumed  to  be  false,  and  having 
no  existence  but  in  the  imagina- 
tion. 

Stn.  Chimera.  Delusion.  Unreality. 
Phantasy.  Busbear.  Vision.  Dream. 
Hallucination.    Shadow. 

Ant.  Reality.  Truth.  Fact.  Sub- 
stance.   Verity. 

Pharisaical,  aclj.    Of  the  dis- 
position of  a  Pharisee,  having  a  |  with  the  ordinary  laws  of  nature, 
rehgion  of  form,  without  motives 
or  spii-it. 

Stn.  Sanctimonious.  Formal.  Cere- 
monious.   Precisian. 

Aot.  Sincere.  Guileless.  Genuine.  Godly. 
Unpharisaical. 

Philantheopio,  adj.  Gr. 
(fyiKelv,  to  love,  and  avdpcoTros,  man. 
Having  humanity,  or  regard  for 
the  well-being  of  mankind  at 
large. 

SvN.  Humane.  Large-hearted.  Public- 
spirited. 

AxT.  Selfish.      Cynical.      Egotistical. 

Morose.  Misanthropic. 

Philanthropy,  n.  See  Philan- 
thropic. 

Philosopher,  n.  See  Philo- 
sophical. 

SrK.  Doctor.  Savant.  Teacher.  Master. 
Schoolman. 

Ant.  Ignoramus.  Sciolist.  Freshman. 
Tyro.    Greenhorn.    Fool.    Booby.    Dunce. 

Philosophical,  adj.  Gr. 
(})i\6(To(pos,  a  lover  of  luisdom. 
Of  or  belonging  to  the  character 
and  life  of  a  philosopher,  and 
also  in  conformity  with  such 
views  of  tilings  as  a  philosopher 
might  be  supposed  to  take. 
Sometimes  used  in  the  restricted 
sense  of  stoically  or  indifferently 
enduring. 

Stn.  ^Vise.  Sound.  Conclusive.  Scien- 
tific.    Accurate.     Enlightened. 

AxT.  UnsouTid.  Crude.  Vague.  Loose. 
Inaccurate.  PopuJar.  Unscientilic  Sciolistic. 
Unphilosophical. 

Phrensy.  Gr.  <^pr]v,  the  mind. 
An  excited  state  of  the  mind 
under  the  influence  of  insanity, 
veligion,  or  poetry. 


Natural.    Material.    Visible, 
gible.     Sub.stantial. 

Ant.  Mental.  Moral.  Intellectual. 
Spiritual.  Immaterial.  Invisible.  In- 
i:ingible.  Unsubstantial.  Supernatural 
Hyp'Tphysical. 

Pick,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  p%jcun. 
Has  the  sense  of  peck,  with  which 
it  is  connected ;  but,  more  fre- 
quently, that  of  seizing  for  indi- 
vidual selection. 

Stn.  Choose.  Cull.  Select.  Gather. 
Eliminate.    Enucleate.    E.xtract.    Glean. 

Ant.  Reject.  Discard.  Repudiate.  Ren 
legate.    Bunch.    Grasp.    Clutch. 

PlCTITRESQIJE,  adj.  Lat.  pic- 
tura,  a  painting.  Having  the 
components  of  an  attractive 
iigure,  attitude,  appearance,  or 
landscape. 

Stn.  Comely.  Seemly.  Graceful.  Scenic. 
Artistic.     Pictorial.    Graphic. 

Ant.  Unseemly.  Uncouth.  Rude.  Un- 
picturesque.  Beautiless.  Flat.  Tame. 
Monotonous.    Dead. 

Pierce,  v.  tr.     Old  Fr.  perser. 

Stn.  Perforate.  Bore.  Drill.  Penetrate. 
Excite.    Affect.    Rouse.    Touch.    Move. 

Ant.  Deaden.  Quiet.  Blunt.  Soothe. 
Allay.    Lull.    Compose. 

Piercing,  adj.    See  Pierce. 

Piety,  n.  Lat.  x>ietas.  Had 
in  Latin  the  twofold  sense  of  re- 
ligi(m  and  feeling  of  natural 
affection.  It  is  in  English  re- 
stricted to  the  former,  except 
where  the  classical  sense  is 
affected. 

Stn.  Religion.  Devotion.  Godliness. 
Holiness.    Grace. 

Ant.  Irreligion.  Impiety.  Ungodllnesa. 
Sinfolnesg.  Profanity.  Hypocrisy.  FoTttn 
tUtm.    Siinctimonlonsness.    Pharisasm. 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


292 


Pile,  v.  tr.  Fr.  j^Ue,  a  hall  or  | 
mass.  I 

Stn.  Heap.  Accumulate.  Gather.  Store. 
Stack. 

Ant.  Demolish.  Dissipate.  Squander. 
Scatter.  Separate.  Disperse.  Deal.  Dis- 
tribute. 

Pilfer,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  pelfrer. 
Comp.  Pelf.  To  commit  petty 
thjft,  and  secretly. 

Stn.  Abstract.  Peculate.  Filch.  Pur- 
loin.    Smuggle.    Cabbage. 

Ant.  Pillage,  llansack.  Plunder.  Eifle. 
S]X)il. 

Pillage,  v.  tr.  Fr.  'piller,  to 
plunder.     See  Pilfer. 

PnJGtflD,  adj.  Lat.  pinguidus. 
jee  Fat. 

Piquant,  ndj.  Fr.  Having  a 
(Sharp  flavour,  or  a  manner  or 
conversation  of  a  lively  and  in- 
teresting character. 

Stn.  Pungent.     Sharp.     Lively.    Racy. 
Ant.  Tame.    Dull.    Flat.    Characterless. 
Insipid. 

Piteous,  adj.  Deserving  of 
pity. 

Stn.  Sad.  Miserable.  Deplorable.  T.a- 
mentable.    Distressing. 

Ant.  Joyous.  Enviable.  Comfortable. 
Pleasant.    Desirable.    Delectable. 

Pith,  n.  Dutch,  pit,  pith, 
kernel.  Used  metaphorically  for 
\\\e  vital  matter  of  a  subject,  as 
distinguished  from  what  is  not 
jBuch. 

Stn.  Kernel  Marrow.  Gist.  Substance. 
Essence.    Cream.    Root. 

Ant.  Surplusage.  Surroundings.  Dress- 
ing.   Verbiage. 

Pithy,  adj.     See  Pith. 

Stn.  Terse.  Laconic.  Pregnant.  Ex- 
pressive.   Nervous. 

Ant.  Weak.  Characterless.  Diluted. 
Pointless.    Flat.    Vapid. 

Pitiable,  adj.,  Pitiful,  ndj. 
See  Piteous. 

Pitiless.  Without  pity,  either 
specifically,  or  as  a  matter  of 
Jiabit  or  disposition. 

SvN.  Merciless.    Unsparing.    Inexorable 
Aht.  Pitiful.    Tender.    Merciful.    Com- 
F«4>lionate.    Lenient.    Indu'gent, 


Pittance,  «.  For  pietance, 
from  piety  or  pity.  A  small 
dole,  as  if  granted  from  a  feeUng 
of  piety  or  pity. 

Stn.  Dole.  Driblet.  Drop.  Draiu. 
Scantling. 

Ant.  Exviberance.  Abundance.  I'im- 
fnsion.    Lavishment. 

Prrr,  n.  Another  form  of 
piety,  Lat.  pietns.  Properly 
used  for  compassion,  but  some- 
times, objectively,  for  a  case  of  re- 
gret, as  when  it  is  said,  '  It  is  a 
pity ;'  meaning,  it  is  a  matter  to 
be  regretted. 

Stn.  Mercy.  Compassion.  Tenderness. 
Commiseration.    Ruth. 

Ant.  Cruelty.  Hardheart^dness.  Re- 
lentlessness.    Pitilessness.    Ruthlessness. 

Place,  v.  tr.  Fr.  place,  a  hroad 
space. 

Stn.  Locate.  Assign.  Fi.x.  Establish. 
Settle.    Attribute.    Situate. 

Ant.  Disturb.  Remove.  Unsettle. 
Disarrange.  Disestablish.  Misplace.  Mis- 
attribute.  Misassign.  Uproot.  Transplant. 
E.Ktirpate.    Eradicate.    Transport. 

Placid,  adj.    Lat.  placidus. 

Syn.  Calm.  Quiet.  Serene.  Composed. 
Gentle.  Unruffled.  Still.  Halcyonic.  Un- 
e.xcited.     Imperturbable.     Passionless. 

Ant.  Rou«h.  Troul)led.  Unquiet.  Dis- 
composed. Agitated.  Ruffled.  Disturbed. 
Irritated.    Stormy.    Excited.    Impassioned. 

Plain, ar//.  IjTii. planus.  Level; 
and  used  metaphorically,  as  of 
manners. 

Syn.  Level.  Even.  Flat.  Smooth.  Open. 
Clear.  Unencumbered.  Unobstruct<?d.  Un- 
interrupted. Manifest.  Evident.  Obvious. 
Unmistakeable.  Simple.  Easy.  Natural. 
Unaffected.  Homely.  Unsophisticated. 
Artless.  Open.  Unvarnished.  Unem- 
bellished.    Unreserved. 

AxT.  Uneven.  Undulating.  Rugged, 
Rough.  Abrupt,  Broken.  Confuseii.  En- 
c\mibered.         Obstructed.  Interrupted. 

Questionai)le.  Uncertain.  Dubious.  Am- 
biguous. Enigmatical.  Hard.  Abstruse. 
Affectei  Fair.  Beautiful.  Sophisticated. 
Artful.    Varnished.    Embellished. 

Plaintive,  adj.  Fr.  plainte, 
Lat.  plangere,  to  weep. 

Stn.  Mournful.  Sorrowful.  S.id.  Dol* 
fnl.    Melancholy.    Wailing. 

Ant.  Joyous.  Kxultint.  Glad.  Jntfr 
lant.    Cheerful.    Cheering.    Gladdcnbag. 


Synonyms  and  Antonym^. 


293 


Plant,  v.  tr.    Fr.  planter. 

Sts.  Set.  Insert.  Settle.  Establish. 
Introduce.    Stock.    Fix.    Place. 

AST.  Tiemove.  Extract.  Eradicate. 
Extirpate.  Disestablish.  Transport.  De- 
i.iide.    Transplant.    Displace. 

Plaster,  v.  tr.  Lat.  emplas- 
triim.  Used  metaphorically  for 
to  daub  over  for  the  purpose  of 
concealmeut,  as  distinguished 
from  substantial  repair. 

Stn.  Palliate.  Patch.  Vamp.  Tinker. 
Cobble.    Bolster. 

Ant.  Expose.  Repair.  Kestore.  'Reno- 
■^ate.    Redintegrate. 

Plastic,  adj.  TrXaa-riKos,  from 
n\a(T(Tiiv,  to  mould.  Is  used 
in  the  double  sense  of  having  the 
power  (actively)  to  mould,  and 
capable  of  being  (passively) 
moulded. 

Stn.  to  latter.  Ductile.  Pliant.  Yield- 
ing.   Malleable.    Tractile.    Flexible. 

Ant.  Stubborn.  Upyielding.  Inert. 
Unraalleable.  Inflexible.  Iniractile.  Uu- 
malleable. 

Platitude,  n.    Fr.  plat,  flat. 

Stn.  Commonplace.  Generality.  TruisFi. 
Triviality. 

Ant.  Sophism.  Laconism.  Enigma. 
Dictum.    Oracle. 

Platonic,  adj.  From  Plato, 
■who  advocated  a  spiritual  affec- 
tion between  the  sexes. 

Stn.  Cold.      Intellectual.      Unsensu.^1. 

Mental.  Philosophical. 

Ant.  Ardent.  Animal.  Sensual.  Pas- 
sionate. Sexual. 

Plausible,  adj.  Lat.  plaudere, 
to  applaud.  That  which  bears 
the  outward  semblance  of  merit, 
or  seems  good  at  a  superficial 
glance,  or  wears  an  air  of  the 
genuine. 

Stn.  Specious.  Superficial.  Passable. 
Unctuous.    Fair-spoken.    Pretentious. 

Ant.  Genuine.  Sterling.  Transparent. 
Unmistakeable.     Profound. 

Plea,  n.  Low  Lat.  placitum. 
Has  its  technical  senses  in  law. 
la  common  parlance  as  fol- 
lows:— 


Stn.  Excuse.  Vindicat--vi.  Justification 
Ground.    Defence.    Apology. 

Ant.  Charge.  Accusation.  Impeach 
ment.    Action. 

Pleasant.  Fr.  plaisant,  Lat. 
placere,  to  please. 

Stn.  Grateful.  Agreeable.  Acceptable. 
Pleasurable.  Desirable.  Gratifying.  Cheer* 
ful.    Enlivening.    Sportive. 

Ant.  Unpleasant.  Ungrateful.  Dis- 
agreeable. Obnoxious.  Unacceptable. 
Offensive.  Unlively.  Lugubrious.  Dull. 
111-hmnoured. 

Pleasure,  n.  See  Pleasant. 
Used  for  gratification  generally ; 
that  which  is  morally  preferred ; 
that  is,  purpose  or  intention,  and 
any  specific  thing  which  gives 
pleasure,  as,  a  favour  bestowed. 

Stn.  Enjoyment.  Gratification.  Sen- 
suality. Self-indulgence.  Voluptuousness. 
Choice.  Preference.  Will.  Inclination. 
Purpose.  Determination.  Favour.  Satis- 
faction.   Indulgence. 

Ant.  Pain.  Suffering.  Affliction. 
Trouble.  Asceticism.  Self-denial.  Absti- 
nence. Disinclination.  Aversion.  Indis- 
position.   Denial.    Refusal. 

Plebeian.  Lat.  plebs,  the 
common  ptopile.  Said  of  social 
rank,  and  of  manners  or  de- 
meanour. 

Stn.  Low.  Vulgar.  Low-born.  Low- 
bred.   Coarse. 

Ant.  Patrician.  Noble.  Aristocratic. 
Refined.    High-born.    High-bred. 

Pledge,  n.  Old  Fr.  plecje,  Low 
Lat.  phgium,  plegiare,  to  jdedye, 
probably  from  praibere.  Some- 
thing given  in  security  for  the 
execution  of  a  promise  or  con- 
tract. 

Stn.  Security.  Guarantee.  AVarrant. 
Hostage. 

Ant.  Word.  Promise.  Assui-ance. 
Parole. 

Plenary, a^^/.  Lat.  pUnarius, 
from  ph'UKs.  Full,  in  some  other 
than  a  merely  physical  sense. 

Sra.  P'uU.  Abundant.  Complete.  En- 
tire. Unreserved.  Unstinted.  Unre- 
stricted. 

Ant.  Partial.  Incomplete.  Restricted 
Reserved.    Contingent.    Temporary. 

Plenitude,  u.    See  Plenary. 


294 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


water. 

Sin.  Dip.    Dive.    Douse.     Duck.    Sub- 
merge.      Immerse.       Precipitate.       Sink. 


mmerse. 
Overwhelm. 

Ant.    Emerge. 
Extricate.    Rescue. 


Soar.     Raise. 


E.u>^au!e"^"ltrge^^sT'Sne^r'cl^.  I  J"f-^'  ^'?^  i^Z^niS^m,   had.      To 
pleteness.    Liberality.    Heiglit.   Uraximum.  |  I^l^    01'   tUrOW    like    lead,    in    the 

Ant.  Scantiness.  Insufficiencj'.  Re- 
striction.  Partiality.  Stint.  Narrowness. 
Poverty.  Incompleteness.  Reserve.  Miui- 
miim. 

Plenty,  n.  Lat.  plenitas,  from 
pUnns,full.     See  Plenitude. 

Pleonastic,  adj.  Partaking 
of  pleonasm  or  redundance.  Gr. 
Trkfova^av,  to  abound,  from 
irKeajv,  or  ivKeiatv,  more.  Used 
of  expressions  of  speech  which 
are  more  than  needful. 

SiTS.  Redundant.  Superfluous.  Surplus. 
Ineoncise. 

Ant.  Requisite.  Necessary.  Essential. 
Terse.    Concise.    Succinct. 

Pliable,  adj.  Fr.  iiilier,  Lat. 
plicare,  to  fold.  Used  materially 
and  analogically. 

Stn.  Flexible.    Supple.    Limber.    Like. 
Ductile.    Yielding.    Manageable.    Facile. 
.    Ant.    Stiff.     Stubborn.     Brittle.     Un- 
bending.   Unyielding.    Unmanageable,    in- 
exorable. 

Pliant,  adj.    Sec  Pliable. 

Plodding,  adj.  Cf.  Gael. 
plod,  a  clod.  As  if  trudging 
laboriously  and  slowly  over 
rough  ground. 

Syn.  Painstaking.  Industrious.  Per- 
severing.   Laborious.    Studious. 

Ant.  Indiligent.  Unindustrious.  Dis- 
tracted. Inattentive.  Impatient.  Unper- 
severing.    Flighty.    Fitful. 

Plump,  adj.  Germ,  plump, 
nnJe,  coarse,  cHumsy.  It  has 
with  us  acquii-ed  a  more  pleasing 
significance. 

Syn.  AVell-conditioned.  Well-rounded. 
Clmbby.  Strapping.  Bouncing.  Fleshy. 
Brawny. 

Ant.  Ill-conditioned.  Lean.  Kmaciated. 
Scraggy.  Weazen.  Macileuu  Lank.  Raw- 
boned.    Shrivelled.    Flaccid.    Tabid. 

Plunder,  v.  tr.  Germ.  2^/i«»- 
dcr,      baggage,     fripperrj. 


Plurality,  n.  Lat.  pins,  more. 

SrN.  Multitude.  Multltudinousness. 
Number.  Numerousness.  Profusion.  Host. 
Legion.     Collection. 

Ant.  Unity.  Singularity.  Oneness. 
Solitude.    Individuality.    Singleness.    IsoU- 

tiOQ. 

Poetical,  adj.  Gr.  notrja-is, 
poesy.  Having  the  qualities  ot 
poetry,  and  also  sometimes  ex- 
hibiting in  excess  the  inventive- 
ness of  it. 

Sra.  Metrical.  Rythmic.  Versified 
Lyric.  Rhymin;:.  Imaginative.  Creative 
Romantic.    Fictiti«us.    Dreamy.    Flighty. 

Ajjt.  Unmetrical.  Unrythmical.  Prosaic. 
Unpoetical.  Unversified.  Unimaginative. 
Commonplace.  Historical.  M;iihematical. 
Logical.    JIatter-of-fact.    Veracious.    Sober. 

Poignant,  adj.  Fr.  pohidre, 
Lat.  pungere,  to  sting.  In  its 
oldei  and  mildor  sense  pungent 
has  taken  its  jjlace.  It  now  re- 
fers to  acute  mental,  as  pungent 
to  stimulating  physical,  sensa- 
tions.    See  Piercing. 

Pointless,  adj.  Without 
point,  in  tho  sense  of  fixed  and 
vivid  significance. 

Stn.  V.igue.  Vapid.  Aimless.  Inex- 
pressive.   Feeble. 

Ant.  Close.  Sharp.  Telling.  Pregnant. 
Significant.  Expressive.  Forcible.  Epi- 
grammatic 

Poise,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  p>eiser, 
Lat.  p)e)isare,  from  jjcndere,  to 
iveigh.      See  Balance. 

Poison,  v.  tr.  Lat.  potio,  an 
envenonii'd  potion. 

Stn.  Vlliate.  Taint.  Infect.  Envenoa. 
Pollute. 

Ant.  Purify.    Disinfect.    Depiuate. 


.      „     _     .         See 

Pillage, 

Plunge,  v.  tr.  and  int     Fr  !     Poisonous,  adj.    See  Poison 
Vl<y>^'je;  as  if  from  Lat.  plu    ' '     '"'•  '^""""'"'-    '°'"'"°'-    '''"="*' 


Vicioua 
Corruptive.    Vitiative.    Noxious.    Banefb!, 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Malipiant.    Morbific.     Peccant.     Virulent. 
fei^tiferous.     Mephitic.    Deleterious. 

Ant.  Wholesome.  Genial.  Beneficial. 
Sanative.  Invigorative.  Healthful.  In- 
noxious.   Restorative.   Remedial.   Hygeiaa. 

Polish,  v.  tr.  Fr.  polir,  Lat. 
folire. 

Syn.  Burnish.    Furbish.    Levigate. 
AjiT.  Abrade.    Scratch. 

Polite,  adj.  Lat.  polltus.   See 

Polish. 

Stn.  Elegant.  Refined.  Well-bred. 
Couiteous.    Obliging.    Complaisant. 

Ant.  Awkward.  Rude.  Uncouth.  Ill- 
bred.  Discourteous.  Boorish.  Clownish. 
Disobliging. 

Politic,  adj.  Gr.  nokiriKos, 
from  TToXif,  a  city.  Appertain- 
ing to  state  administration,  or 
diplomacy. 

Stn.  Prudent.  Wise.  Sagacious.  Pro- 
vident.   Diplomatic. 

Ant.  Imprudent.  Unwise.  Improvi- 
dent.   Undiplomatic.    Impolitic. 

Pollute,  v.  tr.  Lat.  jwlluere,' 
2wUufiim.  Used  physically  and 
morally. 

Syn.  Befoul.  Taint.  Poison.  Corrupt. 
Tarnish.    Stain. 

Akt.  Purify.    Qarify.    Disinfect.    Filter. 

Pollution,  n.    See  Pollute. 


295 


used  for  such  exhibitions  as  avo 
excessive  or  misplaced. 

Stn.  Magnificent.  Gorgeous.  Spler.liil 
Showy.  Sumptuous.  Ostentatious.  Turgiil, 
Stiff.  Inflated.  Pretentious.  Co.Kcombical. 
Assuming. 

AxT.      Unpretending.  Unobtrusive. 

Modest.  Unassuming.  Plain-mannered. 
Humble-minded. 

PONDXBABLE,   adj.      Lat.   2^0h- 

dus.   Of  appreciable  weight. 

SvN.  Appreciable.  Determinable.  Palp- 
able. 

Akt.  Inappreciable.  Indeterminable. 
Impalpable.    Imponderable 

Ponderous,  adj.  See  Ponder- 
able.    Of  great  weight. 

Syn.  Weighty.  Bulky.  Massive.  Heavy. 
Ant.  Light.    Trifling.    Airy.     Volatile. 
SubUe. 

Poor,  adj.  Fr.  ixmvre,  Lat. 
'pauper.  The  word  is  used  in  the 
broadest  sense,  as  well-nigh 
synonymous  with  deficient  in  any 
requirement  whatsoever. 

Syn.  Indigent,  Moneyless.  Impecunious. 
Penniless.  Weak.  Jleagre.  Insufficient. 
Deficient.  Faulty.  Unsatisfactory.  In- 
considerable.   Thin.    Sciinty.    Bald. 

Ant.  Rich.  Wealthy.  Copious.  Affluent. 
Abundant.  Liberal.  Large.  Ample. 
Moneyed.  Suffitieut.  Satisfactory.  Con- 
siderable. 


Poltroon,  n.    It.  pdltrone,  a 
lazy  heggar,  to  which  hjis  been  j      Popular,  adj.     Lat.     Beloug- 
_i         i...  „i-  -    ,..,1.,,    ^^^   ^^   ^^^^    peojile,  and   hence 


added  the  character  of  cowardice. 

Stn.  Scoundrel.  Coward.  Hoimd.  Skulk. 
Dastard. 

Ant.  Hero.  Philanthropist.  Gentleman. 
Benetactor.    Model.    Example. 

Pommel,  v.  tr.  It.  pomo,  a 
lump  or  knob. 

Stn.  Beat.  Thump.  Baste.  Thrash. 
Strike.    Cudgel. 

Ant.  Smoothe.    Caress.    Pat.    Stroke. 

Pomp.     See  Pompons. 

Stn.  Ostentation.  Magnificence.  Parade. 
Ceremony.  Show.  Splendour.  Pageantry, 
Publicity. 

Ant.  Quiet  Retirement.  Simplicity. 
Unceremoniousness.  Unadornmeut.  I'rivacy. 
I 


Pompous,  adj.  Gr.  ■rro^nvr),  a 
procession.  Displaying  pomp  or 
grandeur  of  exhibition ;  and  often 


likely  to  find,  or  finding  favoui' 
with  the  people. 

Syn.  Common.  Current.  Vulgar.  Public. 
Genera).    Received.    Favourite.     Beloved. 

Ant.  E?:cliisive.  Restricted.  Scientific. 
Exoteric.     Unpopular.    Odious.    Detested. 

Populous,  adj.  See  Popular. 
Full  of  i^eople. 

S\-N.  Crowded.  Dense.  Swarming. 
Thronged. 

Ant.  Deserted.  Thin.  Scanty.  Un« 
frequented.    Unoccupied.    Uninhabited. 

Porous,  adj.  Fr.  poretcx,  Lat. 
porus,  a  pore. 

Syn.  Foraminous.  Pervious.  Per- 
meable.   Percolablf. 

Ant.  Impervio'i",  Impermeabla.  Im- 
percolatle. 


296 


Portable,  adj.  Lat.  portare, 
to  carry. 

SrN.  Moveable.  Handy.  Manageable 
Light. 

Ant.  Ponderous.  Immoveable.  Awk- 
ward.   Unmanageable.    Unhandy. 

Portend,  v.  tr.  Lat.  porten- 
dtre,  from  protendere. 

Six.  Indicate.  Threaten.  Prognosti- 
cate.   Forbode.    Augur.    Presage.    Herald. 

Ant.  Contradict.  Negative.  Preclude 
Forefend.    Nullify.    Contravene.    Avert. 

Portentous,  adj.  See  Por- 
tend.   Indicative  of  ill. 

Sin.  Indicative.  Suggestive.  Threaten- 
ing. I^rophetic.  Predictive.  Ominous. 
Premonitory. 

Ant.  Auspicious.  Hopeful.  Cheer- 
ing. Assuring.  Animating.  Encouraging. 
Joyous. 

Portion,  n.  Lat.  porth.  See 
Part. 

Portly,  adj.  From  port, 
meaning  carriage. 

Sra.  Dignified.    Burly.    Imposing. 
Ant.  Undignified.    Unimposing.    Mean. 

PORTEAT,  V.  tr.  Fi'.  piortraire, 
Lat.  protrahere. 

Syn.  Draw,  Delineate.  Represent.  De- 
pict. 

Ant.  Misrepresent.  Caricature.  Mis- 
portray. 

Pose,  v.  tr.  Fr.  poser,  to  place 
or  bring  to  a  stand. 

Sts.  Puzzle.  Perplex.  Bewilder.  Dumb- 
founder.  Mystify.  Embarrass.  Daze 
Confound. 

Ant.  EnUghten.  Unmystify.  Indoctri- 
nate.   Initiate. 

Positive,  adj.  Lat.  jmsitivus. 
Said  of  things  and  i)ersons. 

Stn.  Real.  Actual.  Substantial.  Ab 
solute.    Independent.    Unconditional.    Ex 


Synonyms  and  Antonijms. 


elicit.  Indisputable,  Decisive.  Express. 
Enacted.  Assured.  Confident.  Direct. 
Dogmatic.    Overbearing. 

Ant.  Negative.  Insubstantial.  Unreal 
Fictitious.  Imaginary.  Relative.  Con- 
tingent. Dependent.  Conditional.  Im- 
plied. Dubious.  Questionable.  Moral. 
Uncertain.  Doubtful.  Indirect.  Occa- 
sional.    Suspicious. 

Possess,  v.  tr.    Lat.  possidere. 

Stn.  Occupy.  Enjoy  Have.  Hold. 
SBt«rtaln 


Ant.  Abandon.  Renounce,  -ib'ara 
Surrender.    Lose.    I'orfeit.    Resign.     ' 

Possession,  v.    See  Possess. 
Possible,  adj.    Lat.  p>otiihili8, 
posse,  to  he  able. 

Stn.  Practicable.    Feasible. 
Ant.  Impracticable.    Impossible. 

Posterior,  adj.    Lat. 

Syn.  Later.    Subsequent. 
Ant.   Earlier.    Precedent.    Antecedent, 
Prior. 

Posterity,  n.    See  Posterior. 

Stn.  Futurity. 
Ant.  Ancestry. 

Postpone,  v.  tr.  Lat.  post, 
afterwards,  ponere,  to  place. 

Stn.  Defer.  Delay.  Prorogue.  Pro- 
crastinate. 

Ant.  Expedite.    Despatch.    Accelerate, 

Postulate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  postu- 
lare,  to  demand,  as  something  to 
be  conceded  without  argument. 

SvN.  Assume.    Presuppose. 
Ant.    Prove.     Elaborate.     Exemplify. 
Argue. 

Potent,  adj.  Lat. p)otens,  from 
posse,  to  be  able. 

Stn.  Powerful.  EfHcacious.  Effective. 
Active.    Strong.    Energetic. 

Ant.  Weak.  Impotent.  Inefficient 
Ineffective.  Inactive.  Fruitless.  Inopera- 
tive. 

Potential,  adj.  Lat.  potentia, 
potentialis.  A  word  especially 
of  the  scholastic  pliilosophy. 

Stn.  Possible.  Implicit.  Undeveloped. 
Germlnative.    Immanent.    Virtual. 

Ant.  Actual.  Explicit  Developed. 
Objective.    Real.     Express 

Pound,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  iriind, 
a  fold  or  enclosure. 

Sni.  Imprison.    Cage.     Coop. 

Ant.  Discharge.    Liberate.    Release. 

Pound,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax. 
pwiian,  to  bruise. 

Sth.  Beat.  Bruise.  Pulverize.  Trltn- 
rmte. 

Amt.  Soothe.  Stroke.  Amalgamate. 
Compound. 

Poverty.  Fr.  pauvrete,  Lat. 
pauper tas.  Applied  to  express 
want  of  wealth,  and  also  defi- 
ciency,   metaphorically,  in  any 


Sijnoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


297 


quality  that  emiches  or  adorns. 
,5ee  Poor. 

Power,  n.  Fr.  pouvoir,  Lat. 
posse,  It.  potere. 

Stn.  Faculty.  Capacity.  Capability. 
Potentiality.  Ability.  Strength.  Force. 
Energy.  Susceptibility,  influence.  Do- 
minion. Sway.  Command.  Government. 
Agency.  Authority.  Rule.  Jurisdiction. 
BffectiVeness. 

Ant.  Incapacity.  Incapability.  Im- 
potence. Inability.  Weakness.  Imbecility. 
Inertness.  Insusceptibility.  Sabjection. 
Powerlessness.  Obedience.  Subservience. 
Ineffectiveness . 

Pow^ERFUL,  adj.     See  Power. 

Practicable,  iuJj.  Gr.  Trpdr- 
Tfiv,  to  do,  npaKTiKos,  tcliich  may 
be  done. 

Syn.  Possible.    Feasible.    Usable. 

Ant.  Impossible.  Impracticable.  Un- 
nsable. 

Practice,".     »SVe  Practicable. 

Syn.  Usage.  Habit.  Exercise.  E.x- 
perlence.  E.xercitatioii.  Action.  Per- 
formance. 

Ant.  Disuse.  Dishabituation.  Inex- 
perience. Theory.  Speculation.  Nonper- 
formance. 

Pragmatical,  adj.  Gr.  irpay- 
^lariKos,  busy ;  and  now  used  in 
the  unfavourable  sense  of  over- 
busy. 

Syn.  Over-busy.    Fussy.    Consequential. 


Dis- 
Un- 


OfBcious.    Meddlesome. 

Ant.  Reserved.  Uninterfering. 
tant.  Unconcerned.  Inobtrusive. 
meddlesome.    Inofficious. 

Praise,  v.  tr.     Lat.  pretium, 
iwetiare,  to  set  a  high  price  itpon 


in  tcords. 

Stn.  Eulogize.  Laud.  Commend.  E.\tol. 
Applaud.     Panegyrize. 

Ant.    Blame.     Censure.     Discommend. 

Reprove. 

Praise,  n.     See  verb. 
Praiseworthy,  adj.    "Wortliy 
of  praise. 

Syt?.  Commendable.  Laud.ible.  Meri- 
torious. 

AST.  Blame.ible.  Censureable.  Repre- 
hensible. 

Preamble,  n. 
/ore,  and  ambulare,  to  walk 


Stn.  I'reface.  Introduction.  Exordium 
Opening. 

ANT.  Close.  Termination.  Pcroratloa 
Finale.    Conclusion. 

Precarious,  adj.  Preces,  prayer. 
Uncertain,  as  if  depending  on  an- 
other to  grant . 

Syn.  Hazardous.  Perilous.  Uncertain. 
Riskful.    Unassured. 

Ant.  Assured.  Certain.  Systematic 
Safe.    Immutable. 

Precaution,  n.  Lat.  pr(s,  be- 
fore, and  cavere,  cautus,  to  be 
aware,  or  take  care. 

Sru.  Forethought.  Provision.  Pre- 
munition.  Anticipation.  Prearrangemeut. 
Care.     Providence. 

Ant.  Carelessness.  Thoughtlessness. 
Improvidence. 

Precede,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
jrrcp,  before,  and  cedere,  to  go.  The 
]  word  is  used  abstractedly  and 
1  relatively;  that  is,  to  express 
j  either  simple  precedence,  or  pre- 
I  cedence  in  relation  to  another  or 
'  others. 

I       Stn.  Lead.   Introduce.   Herald.    Usher. 
I  Head. 

Ant.  Succeed.    Follow. 

j     Precedence,  n.    See  verb. 

Syn.  Superiority.     Lead.    Priority.    Su- 
j  premacy.    Pre-eminence. 
\        Ant.  Inferiority.     Sequence.     Subordi- 
'■  nation.    Posterionty. 

i     Precedent,  adj.   See  Precede. 

Stn.  Anterior.    Prior.    Earlier. 
j        Ant.  Subsequent.    Post«rior.     Later. 

i  Precedent,  n.  The  same 
word  as  the  former,  but  with  a 
different  pronunciation  for  the 

;  convenience  of  distinction.  Some- 
thmg  going  before  which  may 

I  serve  as  a  warrant  for  another 
thing. 

Stn.  Instance.      liample.     Authority. 
Warrant.    Antecedent.    Pattern. 
'        Ant.    Prohibition.      Dlswarrant.     Dis- 
allowance. 

Precept,  n.     Lat.  prcpceptum. 

I        Sys.  Rule.    Maxim.    Injunction.    Con> 
T     ,  ^7^      mandment.    Doctrine.    DirecUon.    Law. 

Liat.   P'O-,    ft-  ,        j^jjT.    Sut'gestion.      Prompting.      lusU 
*^  «.,„n.  gat'?n.    Impulse. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


298 


Preceptoe,  11.     See  Precept. 

Stn.  Master.  Teacher.  Pedagogue. 
Tutor. 

Ant.  Pupil.  Learner.  Scholar.  Student. 

Peecincts,  n.  L&t.  pnectnctiim, 
from  proecingere,  to  gird  about. 

Stn.  Purlieus.  Environs.  Limit. 
Bounds. 

Ant.  Heart.    Centre.     Nucleus. 

Peecious,  adj.  Lat.  pretiosus, 
from  j^r^tium,  price. 

Stn.  Dear.  Valuable.  Costly.  Cherished. 
Treasured.    Beloved. 

Ant.  Cheap.  Valueless.  'Worthless. 
Unvalued.  Disesteemed.  Unappreciated. 
Vile. 

Precipitate,  adj.  See  Pre- 
cipitous and  Rash. 

Peecipitous,  adj.  Lat.  proEcepa, 
headlong,  from  ^Jiw,  and  caput,  the 
head. 

Stn.  Steep.  Headlong.  Abrupt.  Sheer. 
Perpendicular. 

Ant.  Shallow.  Graduated.  Inclined. 
Undulating. 

Peecise,  adj.  Lat.  pne,  and 
cadere,  prcecidere,  to  cut  off,  as  if 
pruned  of  superfluities. 

Stn.  Definite.  Exact.  Nice.  Pointed. 
Accurate.  Terse.  Punctilious.  Cere- 
monious.   Fonnal. 

Ant.  Indefinite.  Vague.  Inexact. 
Rough.  Inaccurate.  Loose.  Circumlo- 
cutory. Ambagious.  Tortuous.  Informal. 
Unceremonious. 

Pbecision,  n.    See  Precise. 

Peeclude,  v.  tr,  Lat.  p?Ye- 
i:ludere,  to  shut  out. 

Stn.  Prevent.    Obviate.    Bar. 

Ant.  Admit.  Promote.  Further.  Ad- 
vance. 

Peecocioits,  adj.  Lat.  proi- 
■cox,  from  pra,  before,  and  coquere, 
io  cook  or  ripen.  The  -word  differs 
from  premature  in  being  used 
more  favourably,  and  of  persons 
and  not  plans. 

Syk.  Premature.  Predeveloped.  Over- 
forward. 

Ant.  Tardy.  Backward.  Slow-growing. 
Crude. 

Precognition,  v.  Lat.  jn-a', 
he/ore,  and  cognitio,  khou'hdge. 


Stn.  Foresight.    Foreknowlodgc 
I       Ant.  Reflection.     Recollection. 

Preconception,  n.    Proe,  he- 

\fore,  and  concuptio,  from  concipere, 
to  conceive.  Used  of  the  faculty, 
and  the  object  preconceived. 

Stn.  Forethought.  Anticipation.  Fore- 
understanding. 

Ant.  Copy.  Portraiture.  Observation, 
Vision.    Representation.    Delineation. 

Peeconcerted,  adj.  Arranged 
or  concerted  (Lat.  conserere)  be- 
forehand. 

SXN.  I'rearranged.  Concocted.  I're- 
pared.    Premeditated. 

Ant.  Extemporized.  Unpri-pared.  Un- 
concocted.    Unpremeditated. 

Peecuesor,  «.  Pro',  be/ore, 
and  cursor,  a  runner,  from  cursare, 
to  run.  Used  of  things  as  well 
as  persons. 

Stn.  Forerunner.  Harbinger.  Herald. 
Pioneer.    Advance-guard.    Cause. 

AUT.  Follower.  Consequent  Result. 
Effect.    Event. 

Precursory,  wIJ.  See  Pre- 
cursor. 

Stn.  Prevenient.  Antecedent  Intro- 
ductory. Pre£itory.  Initiatory.  Prior. 
Premonitory.    Prognosticative. 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Consequent.  Posterior. 
Entailed.    Supervenient.    Eventual. 

Predaceotjs,  adj.  Lat.  pr<je~ 
dax,  given  to  seizing  ptrty,  prceda, 
prey.  It  differs  fi'om  predatory, 
as  expressing  rather  the  disposi- 
tion of  animals,  wliile  predatory 
exiDresses  no  more  than  the  cha- 
racter of  an  incidental  action,  as, 
a  j)redatory  incursion  or  war. 

Stn.  Ravenous.  Rapacious.  Carni- 
vorous. 

Ant.  Innocuous.  Herbivorous.  Gra- 
minivorous. 

Predecessor,  n.  Lat.  2^^'^> 
before,  and  decedere,  to  depart. 
One  who  withdi-aws  from  a 
locaUty,  or  a  government  oi 
place  to  make  way  for  another. 

SvK.  Ance^tor.    Forerunner.    Elder. 
I       Ant.  Posterity.    Junior.    Successor. 


Srjnomjms  and  Antonyms. 
Lat, 


29i; 


Predkstination, 

pr<r'/tstt,natio. 

Stn.  Foreordainment.  Foredoom.  Ne- 
eossity.  Fate.  Election.  Preordination. 
Predetermination. 

Akt.  Free-will.  Freedom.  Volition. 
Choice.    Spontaneity. 

Prediction,  n.  Lat.  prccdi- 
ccre,  to  declare  beforehand. 

Syn.  Prophecy.  Prognostication.  Vati- 
cinition.  Fore-announcement.  Premon- 
etration.  Foretelling.  Furebodement.  Pre- 
sagH'.     Augury.     Foreshowing. 

AST.  Narration.  Relation.  History. 
Account.    Report. 

Predilection,  n.  Lat.  prce, 
hi'/ure,  and  diligere,  to  love. 

Syn.  Prepossession.  Preference.  Lean- 
;rig.  Liking.  Fondness.  Bias.  Inclination. 
Predisposition.    Tendency. 

Ant.  Prejudice.  Aversion.  Indisposi- 
tin.    Antipathy.    Disinclination.    Apathy. 

Predisposition,  n.  Lat.  frai, 
'(■fore,  and  rlisponere,  to  dispose. 
Bee  Predilection. 

Predominance,  n.  Free,  be- 
fore, and  Fr.  dominant,  from 
dominuf:,  exeixising  influence. 

Syn.  Prevalence.  Superiority.  Ascend- 
ancy.   Rule. 

Ant.  Inferiority.  Subjection.  Minority. 
Paucity. 

Pre-eminent,  adj.  Lat.  prw, 
he/ore,  and  eminere,  to  he  eminent. 

Stn.  Paramount.  Predominant.  Egre- 
gious.    Consummate.     Prevailing. 

Ant.  Subordinate.  Inferior.  Minor. 
Secondary 

Preface,  n.  Fr.  preface,  Lat. 
prcefari,  to  speak  beforehand. 

Syn.  Introduction.  Proem.  Prelude. 
Prologue.    Preamble.    Premiss. 

Ant.  Peroration.  Sequel.  Appendix. 
Epilogue.    Postscript. 

Prefatory,  adj.    See  Preface. 

SvN.  Introductory.  Prelusive.  Initia- 
tive. Preliminary.  Antecedent  Prevenient. 
ProemiaL 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Concluding.  Ter- 
minal.   Perorational. 

Prefer, ■«.  ^r.  'LaX.proe,hefore, 
and  ferre,  to  have  or  bear — 
cither  externally,  and  so  to  pro- 
mote   or    put    forward,  or   in- 


ternally, and  so  tc  esteem  before 
another. 

Syn.  Choose.  Elect.  Select.  I'ancy. 
Promote.     Advance. 

Ant.  Reject.  Postpone.  Defer.  \Vlth- 
hold.    Degrade.    Depress. 

Preferment,  n.  See  Prefer. 
Has,  ecclesiastically,  the  senses 
of— 

Stn.  Dignity.     Promotion.    Benefice. 
Ant.   Degradation.     Deprivation.     Sus- 
pension. 

Prefiguration,  ?i.    Lat.  prce, 
before,  ixiidfltjura,  a  figure . 
Syn.  Type.     Adumbration. 
Ant.  Antitype.     Fulfilment. 

Prefix,  v.  tr.    Pre  and  fix. 

Syn.  Preface. 

Ajjt.  Append.  Subjoin.  Sufii.x.  Sup- 
plement.   Add. 

Pregnant,  adj.  Lat.  pro's' 
nans,  for  prcegenans.  Free,  before, 
and  genere,  to  beget.  Used  me- 
taphorically for  fullness  of  a 
certain  quality,  meaning  import 
and  the  lilie. 

Stn.  Procreant.  Generative.  Prolific. 
Teeming.    Significant. 

Ant.  Sterile.  Unproductive.  Barren. 
Void.     Meaningless. 

Pregnable,  adj.  See  Pregnant. 
More  commonly  used  in  negative 
composition  Impregnable. 

Stx.  AVeak.  Exposed.  Expugna1)le. 
Defenceless. 

Ant.  Impregnable.    Inexpugnable. 

Prejudice,  n.  Lat.  prce,  ie- 
fore,  and  judicium,  judgment. 
The  forming  a  judgment  "before 
trial  or  without  it,  and  so  used 
in  an  unfavourable  sense  of  con- 
demning beforehand  in  one's 
own  judgment,  and  hence  in  the 
derived  general  sense  of  harm. 

Syn.  Prepossession.  Predisposition.  Biaa. 
Unfairness.  Injury.  Harm.  Impairmeni. 
Detriment.    Partiality.    Disadvantage. 

Ant.  Judgment.  Fairness.  Impartiality. 
Advantage. 

Preliminary,  adj.    Lat.  p^-oe, 
before,  and  limen,  a  threshold. 
Sym.  Introductory,     ftefatory.     InitU* 


800 


tory.      Previous.      Proemial.      Precursive. 
Prelusory.    Antecedent.    Preparatory 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Consequent.  Fol- 
lowing. 

Prklubi:,  n.  Lat.  j5?-ce,  hefore, 
and  Indus,  play. 

Stn.  Introduction.  Preparation.  Pre- 
face.    Proem.    Prelusion. 

Akt.  Sequel.    Conclusion 

Peematuke,  adj.  Lat.  pne, 
hifure,  and  mat  urns,  ripe. 

"  SiTN.  Hasty.  Crude.  Unaathenticated. 
Untimely.    Precocious.    Precipitate. 

Ant."  Ripe.  Timely.  Seasonable.  Op- 
portune. 

Peemeditate,  v.  tr.  Lat.j»'ce, 
hfore,  and  meditari,  to  meditate. 

SrN.  Plan.  Propose.  Plot.  Pre- 
arrange. Prepare.  Precompose.  Pre- 
concert. 

Am.  Extemporize.    Hazard. 

Premise,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Free, 
If/ore,  and  mittere,  missus,  Fr. 
mtttre,  to  place.  To  lay  down  a 
statement  beforehand  in  refer- 
ence to  some  other. 

Stn.  Announce.    Fcrestate.    Preface. 
Akt.   Add.     Append.     Infer.     Gather. 
Supplement.    Subjoin. 

PP.EMI8BS,  «.  Jjai.  2'>r(fmissa. 
Things  laid  do^vn  beforehand  as 
the  source  of  inference  or  by  way 
of  preamble.     >bee  Preamble. 

Stn.  Antecedent.    Ground. 
Ant.  Consequent.    Inference.  Deduction. 
Conclusion. 

Premium,  n.    Lat.  prcemium. 

Stn.  Reward.  Guerdon.  Encourage- 
ment.   Douceur.    Enhmcemert.    Bribe. 

Ant.  Penalty.  Fine.  Amercement. 
Mulct.    Forfeit.    Depreciation. 

Peepaeation,  n.   See  Prepare. 

Preparatory,  adj.  iSee  Pre- 
pare and  Preliminary. 

Prepare,  v.  tr.  Lat.  _?)'•«;,  be- 
fore, and  parare,  to  make  ready. 

Stn.  Fit.  Adapt.  Qual'iy.  Adjust. 
Provide.    Arrange.    Order.    Lay.     Plan. 

Ant.  Misfit.  JMisadapt.  Misprovide. 
Derange.  Disarrange.  Demolish.  Subvert, 
i'i.sconcert. 

Piusponderant,  adj.    See  Pre- 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Preponderate,  v.  int.    Pros, 
he/ore,  and  pondus,  a  weight. 
Stn.  Predominate.    Prevail. 
Ant.  Fail.    Sink.    Succumb. 


pcndorate. 


adj.  Prce,  he- 
fore,  and  possidere,  possessns,  to 
possess.  Used  in  a  favourable 
sense  only. 

Stn.  Attractive.  Alluring.  Charming. 
Winning. 

Ant.  Repulsive.  Unattractive.   Sinister. 

Prkpostkrous,  adj.  Prce,  he- 
fore,  and p)osterus,  hehind.  Lite- 
rally, having  that  fii'st  wliich 
ought  to  be  last,  as  in  the  pro- 
verb, *  to  put  the  cart  before  the 
horse ;'  hence,  generally,  out  ot 
due  place. 

Stn.  Monstrous.  Exorbitant.  Un- 
reasonable.   Absurd. 

Ant.  Just.  Due.  Fair.  Reasonable. 
Moderate.  Eight.  Judicious.  Orderly. 
Sound. 

Peeeogative,  n.  Prce,  hefore, 
and  rogctre,  to  ask.  Politically,  to 
ask  or  take  votes.  The  tribe  or 
century  in  the  Soman  public 
assemblies  which  was  elected  to 
give  its  vote  first  was  calbd  prai- 
rogativa. 

SvN.  Right.    Privilege. 

Ant.  Disqualification.   Disfranchisement, 

Presage,  h.  Lat.  2^1'ctsaginm, 
from  prcp,  hfore,  and  say  ire,  tt 
trace  or  perceive  acutely. 

Stn.  Omen.  Indication.  Prognostic 
Premonitiim. 

Ant.  Fulfilment.  Event.  Occurrence. 
Realization. 

Prescribe,  v.  tr.  Prce,  htfore, 
and  scribere,  to  write  or  delineate. 

Stn.  Enjoin.  Order.  Impose.  Recom- 
mend.    Indicate. 

Akt.  Inhibit.  Prohibit.  Discountena■^e. 
Discommend. 

Prescription,  n.  See  Pre- 
scribe. It  has  also  the  sense  of 
I  custom. 

I     Presence,  h.    Lat.  prccseniia, 
'  frem  prw,  before,  and  esse,  to  le. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 

It  has  the  secondary  meaning  of 
carriage  or  demeauotir. 


801 


Si-N.  Nearness.  Influence.  Intercourse. 
Closeness. 

Ant.  Remoteness.  Absence.  Separation. 
Distance. 

Present,  adj.    See  Presence. 

Stn.  See  Presence. 

Presentation,  «.  Lat.  pne- 
sentare.  A  placing  in  the  pre- 
sence of  another  by  way  of  intro- 
duction or  gift. 

Stn.  Introduction.  Exhibition.  Offer. 
Delivery.  Gift.  Donation.  Bestowal.  Grant. 
Endowment. 

Ant.  Withdrawal.  Removal.  Conceal- 
ment. Suppression.  Retention.  With- 
holding.   Refusal.    Nonpresentatlon. 

Presentiment,  n.  Free,  he- 
fore,  and  sent  ire,  to  perceive  or 
feel.  A  feeling  not  definable  of  a 
coming  event. 

Syn.  Foreboding.  Foretaste.  Fore- 
thought Prescience.    Forecast. 

Ant.  Surprise.  Inexpectancy.  Miscal 
culation. 

Preservation,  n.  Lat.  jproe 
and  servare,  Fr.  preservation. 

SvN.  Safety.  Security.  Conservation. 
Integrity.  Protection.  Nurture.  Guardian- 
ship.   Care. 

Ant.  Abandonment.  Exposure.  Peril, 
Insecurity.  Impairment.  Infringement. 
Injury.    Damage. 

President,  n.  Lat.  pros,  he- 
fore,  and  severe,  to  sit.  One  who 
sits  before  others  or  over  them, 
in  an  assembly. 

Syn.  Chairman.  Moderator.  Principal. 
Superintendent. 

Ant.  Member.  Subordinate.  Consti- 
tuent.  Corporation.  Society.  Ward.  In- 
stitution. 

Press,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat, 
previere,  pressus.  Used  literally 
and  metaphorically, 

Stn.  Urge.  Crowd.  Compel.  Force. 
Squeeze.  Cmsh.  Compress.  Express. 
Constrain.  Hurry.  Instigate.  liiculcate. 
Impress.  Throng.  Encroach.  Lean. 
Weigh.    Harass. 

Ant.  Relax.  Inhibit.  Persuade.  En- 
tice. Allure.  Solicit.  Touch,  Skim. 
Graze.  Free.  Liberate.  Ease.  Avoid, 
Believe. 


Pressing,  adj.     See  Press. 

Syn.  Urgent.  Compulsory,  importu- 
nate. 

Ant.  Unimportant.  Slight.  'i'riviaL 
Light. 

Pressure,  n.    See  Press. 

Presume,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
2Jra',  be/ore,  and  sumere,  to  taJce. 

Syn.  Suppose.  Anticipate.  Apprehend. 
Venture. 

Ant.  Infer.  Deduce.  Prove.  Argue 
Retire.    Withdraw.    Hesitate.    Distrust. 

Presumption,  n.  See  Pre- 
sume. 

Syn.  Anticipation.  Supposition.  Hy- 
pothesis. Probability.  Assumption.  Un- 
derstanding. Condition.  Concession.  For- 
wardness. Arrogance.  Audacity.  Bold- 
ness. 

Ant.  Proof.  Deduction  Inference. 
Demonstration.  Verification.  Fact.  Cer- 
tainty. Modesty.  Diffidence.  Backward- 
ness.     Bashfulness.     Hesitation. 

Presumptive,  adj.  See  Pre- 
sume.    Used  of  evidence. 

Syn.  Probable.    Antecedent. 
Ant.  Demonstrative.    Established. 

Presuppose,  v.  tr.    Prce,  he- 

forehiind,  and  siqiponere. 

Syn.  Presume.  Assume.  Postulate, 
Surmise. 

Ant.  Prove.  Establish.  Infer.  Deduce. 
Argue.    Demonstrate. 

Pretence,  n.  Sp.  pretei^sa, 
Lat.  prce,  before,  and  tendere,  to 
advance  or  stretch.  Something 
put  forward  as  a  false  ground  of 
action, 

Syn.  Excuse.  Pretext.  Fabricatioiu 
Simulation.  Cloak.  .Mask.  Colour.  Show 
Garb. 

Ant.  Verity.  Reality.  Troth.  Sim- 
plicity. Candour.  Guilelessness.  Open 
ness     Veritableness.    Actuality.    Fact. 

Pretend,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Pretence. 

Stn.  Feign.  Simulate.  Offer.  Allege. 
Exhibit.    Propovmd.     Affect. 

Ant.  Verily.  Unmask.  Detect.  Test 
Substantiate.    Refute. 

Pretender,  n.  See  Pretend. 
Pretension,  n.  See  Pretend. 
Pretext,  n.    Lat.  pnttextum, 


302 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


from  prce,  tefore,  and  texere,  to 
■Mmve.    See  Pretence. 

Prevailing,  adj.  Free  and 
valere,  to  amdl, 

Stn.  ControllinR.  Ruling.  Influential. 
Operative.    Piedoniinant. 

Ant.  Mitigated.  Diminishing.  Subor- 
dinate.    Powerless. 

Peevalence,  n.  See  Prevail- 
ing. 

Sto.  Custom.  Power.  Influence. 
Operation.  Extension.  Predominance. 
Preponderance. 

Ant.  Disuse.  Desuetude.  Obsoletenes.'. 
Decay.        Evanescence.  Disappearance. 

Mitigation.  Diminution.  Subsidence.  Sub- 
jection. Subordination.  Collapse.  Aban- 
donment.   Abolition. 

Prevaricate,  v.  int.  Free  and 
varicare,  to  straddle.  To  play  a 
double  and  dishonest  part,  as  if 
walking  on  two  levels,  or  collud- 
ing with  mutually  hostile  parties. 
A  term  of  the  old  civil  law. 

Stn.     Shuffle.      Quibble.     Equivocate. 


Palter. 

Ant.   Affirm, 

Reiterate. 


Prevenient,  adj.  Pro;,  he- 
fore,  and  venire,  to  come. 

Stn.  Preliminary.  Prefatory.  Antece- 
dent.    Initiatory.    Introductory. 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Consequent.  Fol- 
lowing.   Attending. 

Prevent,  v.  tr.  Free,  he/ore, 
and  venire,  ventus,  to  come.  Of 
old  meant  to  go  before  to  pre- 
pare the  way,  now  to  obstruct  it. 

Stn.  Hinder.  Obstruct.  Bar.  Neutra- 
lize. Nullify.  Thwart.  Intercept.  Anti- 
cipate.   Forefend. 

Ant.  Promote.  Aid.  Facilitate.  Ex- 
pedite. Encourage.  Advance.  Accelerate. 
Induce.    Cause.    Produce. 

Prevention,  n.    See  Prevent. 

Previous,  adj, 
and  via,  a  ruay. 

Stn.  Antecedent.  Prior.  Preceding. 
Anterior.    Foregoing.    Former.    Earlier. 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Posterior.  Succeed- 
ing.   Following.    Later. 

Prbt,  n.     Lat.  pronda. 


Stn.    Spoil.    Booty.    Plunder.    ILapiSA 
Paiage.    Victim.    Seizure.    Loot. 
Ant.  Earnings.    Dues.    Rights. 

Prick,  n.    Lat.  pretium. 

Stn.  Cost.  Figure.  Charge.  Expense. 
Compensation.  Value.  Appraisement. 
AVorth. 

Ant.  Donation.  Discount.  Allowance. 
Remittance.    Abatement. 

Priceless,  adj.    See  Price. 

Stn.  Inestimable.    Invaluable. 
Ant.  Cheap.    Valueless. 

Pride,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  pryta,  pn/t. 

Sns.  Loftiness.  Haughtiness.  Lordli- 
ness.   Self-exaltation. 

Ant.  Lowliness.  Meekness.  Modesty 
Self-distrust. 

Priggish,  adj.    Like  a  prig. 

SrN.  Coxcombical.  Dandified.  Foppish. 
Affected.    Prim. 

Ant.  Plain.  Sensible.  Unaffected. 
Simple-minded.    Simple-mannered. 

Prim,  adj.    Der.  uncertain. 

Stn.  Formal.  Precise.  Demure. 
Starched.  Stiff.  Self-conscious.  Unbend- 
ing.   Priggish. 

Ant.  Unformal.  Easy.  Genial.  Un. 
affected.    Natural    Free.    Naive. 

Primary,  adj.  Primarius, 
from  primus,  first. 

Stn.  First.  Original.  Earliest.  Ele. 
mentary.  Chief.  Principal.  Important. 
Leading. 

Ant.  Secondary.  Subordinate.  Posterior 
Unimportant.  Inferior.  Subsequent.  Later. 

Prime,  n.  Lat  ^j?'mi(s.  Ex- 
pressive of  a  fii-st  or  foremost 
stage  of  excellence. 

Stn.  Zenith.  Culmination.  Perfection. 
Dawn.    Spring.    Cream.    Flower. 

Ant.  Decadence.  Wane.  Evening.  R^ 
fuse.    Winter.    Decay. 

Prime,  adj.    See  above. 

Stn.  Excellent.  Superexcellent,  First- 
rate.    Perfect.    Consummate. 

Ant.  Inferior.  impaired.  Waning. 
Deteriorated.  Ordinary.  Second-rate.  lie- 
fectivct 

Primeval,  adj.     Primus,  first, 
Free,  before,  j  and  cevu7n,  aye. 

I        Stn.  Archaic.     Primordial.    Indigenous. 
Ai;tochthonic    Aboriginal.    Pristine. 

Ant.  Subsequent.  Recent  Modonj, 
Imported.    Adventitious. 

Pbimitive,  adj.  Frimits,  firsi 
or  early.    Belonging  to  an  early 


Asseverate.     Maintain 


Si/hjni/ms  and  Antoiii/ms. 


SOS 


^yrivare. 


or    past  ago,  but  restricted  to  Private,  adj.    See  Privacy. 

matters  of  morals  or  custom.  Peivation  n      Lat 

Sra.    Olii-fashioned.      I'limeval.     Quaint.  ,      ,        •          ^  »      ' 

Simple.     Uiisuphisticated.     Archaic.    Pris-  tO  deprive. 

tiue.  Sim.  Deprivation.   Destitution.    Al>sonce. 

Ant.    Modern.     New-fangled.      Sophis-  Negation.    Loss.    Bereavement, 

ticated.    llodish.  Ant.    Accession.    Supply.    Restoration. 

.           „    .  Benefaction,    llestitution.    Presence.    Com* 

Primordial,      adj.         rrtm.HS,  pensatlon.     Recovery.    Privilege. 

and  oriri,   to   spring.     See  Pri- 


meval. 
Princely,  adj.    Lat.  princepa. 

Stn.  Imperial.  Munificent.  Magnifi- 
cent.   Superb.     August.     Regal.     Royal. 

A:nt.  Begc;arly.  Mean.  Niggardly. 
Poverty-strucU. 

Principal,  adj.  Lat.  princi- 
pcdis. 

Sys.  Highest.  First.  Main.  Leading. 
Chief.  Primary.  Foremost.  Pre-eminent. 
Prominent. 

Ant.  Inferior.  Subordinate.  Secondary. 
Supplemental.    Subject.    Auxiliary.    Minor. 

Principle,  n.  Lat.  princi- 
pium,  a  rendering  of  the  word 
dpxn,  a  term  of  the  Greek  phi- 
losophy. 

Stn.  Source.  Origin.  Motive.  Cause. 
Energy.  Substance.  Element.  Power. 
Faculty.  Truth.  Tenet.  Law.  Doctrine. 
Axiom.    Maxim.    Postulate.    Rule. 

AsT.  Exhil)ition.  Manifestation.  Appli- 
cation. Development.  Issue.  Exercise. 
Operation.    Formation.    Action. 

Prior,  adj.  Lat. /o?'??ier.  See 
Posterior. 

Prismatic,  adj.  Appertain- 
ing to,  or,  in  its  common  sense, 
formed  by  a  prism,  from  Trpla-fia, 
Lat.  prisma,  something  cut  or  sawn 
■into  faces,  irpiCei-v,  to  saw. 

Svx.  Iridescent.  Opalescent.  Polychro- 
matous. 

A_NT.  Achromatic.    Colourless. 

Pristine,  adj.  Lat.  from  ob- 
solete pris,  whence  prior.  See 
Primeval  and  Primitive. 

Privacy,  n.  Lat.  ^'rjVws,  ^n- 
vate. 

Sts'.  Retirement.  Secrecy.  Solitude. 
Seclusion.    Retreat. 

A>T.  P^b'icity.  Currency.  Notoriety. 
Exposure. 


Privilege,  n.  Lat.  prioile- 
(jium. 

Syn.  Prerogative.  Immunity.  Frano 
chise.    Right.    Liberty. 

A>T.  Disfranchisement.  Disqualification. 
Exclusion.    Prohibition.    Inhibition. 

Privy,  adj.    See  Private. 

Prize,  n.  Fr.  prise,  from  pris, 
part,  of  prendi-e,  to  take  or  seize. 
Something  seized  or  carried  oflF, 
whether  unlawfully,  as  booty,  or 
the  reward  of  successful  effort 
or  competition. 

Stn.  Booty.  Spoil.  Plunder.  Prey. 
Forage.  Trophy.  Laurels.  Guerdon.  Pre- 
mium.   Honours.    Ovation.    Palm. 

Ant.  Loss.  Forfeiture.  Fine.  Pen.alty. 
Amercement.  Sacrifice.  Disappointment. 
Failure.    Brand.    Stigma.    Infamy.    Mulct 

Probability,  ».  Lat.  proha» 
hilis. 

Stn.  Likelihood.  Presumption.  Veri- 
similitude.   Chance. 

Ant.  Unlikelihood.  Improbability.  Im- 
possibility.   Xnconceivableness. 

Probable,  adj.  See  Proba« 
bility. 

Probation,  n.  Lat.  probatio, 
probare,  to  prove. 

Stn.  Essay.  Examination.  Test  Trial. 
Experiment.  Proof.  Criterion.  Touch- 
stone.   Ordeal.    Verification. 

AxT.  Licence.  Irresponsibility.  Nod- 
probation. 

Probe,  v.  tr.  Lat.  probare,  to 
prove, 

Stn.  Prove.  Test  Scrutinize.  Verify. 
Investigate.  Examine.  Search.  Sift  Ex- 
plore. 

.\NT.  Skim.  Mislnvestigato.  BlinJt. 
Misexamine.    Slur.    Miss.    Gloss. 

Probity,  n.    Lat.  probitas. 

Stn.  Soundness.  Virtue.  Integrity, 
Honesty.  Uprightness.  Rectitude.  Prta- 
dple.    Conscientiousness. 


304. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Ant.  Dishonesty.  Disintegrity.  Un- 
Bonndness.  Vice.  Unconscienliousness. 
Roguery.    Rascality. 

Problematical,  adj.  Pro- 
blem. Gr.  irpo,  forward,  and 
BaKKdv,  to  cast  or  place. 

SrN.  Dubious.  Questionable.  Uncer- 
tain. 

Ant.  Evident.  Obvious.  Self-evident. 
Certain.    Demonstrable. 

Proceed,  v.  int.  Lat.  proce- 
dere,  to  go  forward. 

Stn.  Move.  Pass.  Advance.  Progress. 
Continue.    Issne.    Arise.    Kmanate.    Flow. 

Ant.  Recede.  Deviate.  Retreat.  Stand. 
Stop.  Stay.  Desist.  Discontinue.  Ebb. 
Retire. 

Proceeding,  n.    See  Proceed. 

Stn.  Step.  Measure.  Transaction.  Pro- 
cedure. Conduct.  Behaviour.  Action. 
Process. 

Ant.  Abandonment.  Desistence.  De- 
viation.   Discontinuance.    Inaction. 

Procession,  n.  See  Proceed. 
A  fixed  and  orderly  proceeding 
or  movement  of  wore  than  one. 

Stn.  Train.  JNIarch.  Caravan.  File. 
Cavalcade. 

Ant.  Rabble.  Herd.     Rush.    Disorder. 

Mob.    Confusion.  Rout. 

Proclaim,  v.  tr.  Lat.  proda- 
mare,  to  call  out. 

Syn.  Annotmce.  Publish.  Promulgate. 
Declare.    Enunciate. 

Ant.  Repress.  Conceal.  Silentlate. 
Obliviate.    Secrete. 

Proclamation,  n.  See  Pro- 
claim. 

Proclivity,  n.  Lat.  procli- 
vitas,  proclivis,  2»'07ie. 

Stn.  Tendency.  Propensity.  Bias.  Gravi- 
tation.    Disposition.     Inclination.      Prone- 


position. 

Procrastination,  «.  Lat  pro, 
for,  and  eras,  to-morrow.  The 
"habit  of  putting  off  to  the  mor- 
row, or  indefinitely. 

Syn.  Dilatoriness.    Delay. 
Akt.  Timeliness     Puuctuality.    Promp- 
titude.    Alacrity. 

Procure,  v.  tr.     Lat.  procu- 


SiTf.  Acquire.  Provide.  iain.  Qet 
Contrive.    Effect. 

Ant.  Miss.  Lose.  Forfeit  Mlsprovide. 
Miscontrive. 

Prodigal,  adj.  Lat.  prodigere, 
from  'pro,  and  agere,  to  drive  or 
throw  forivard  or  aivay. 

Syn.  Lavish.  Profuse.  Extravagant. 
Reckless.     Wasteful.    Squandering. 

Ant.  Frugal.  Saving.  Hoarding.  Eco- 
nomical. Niggardly.  Miserly.  Close. 
Close-fisted. 

Prodigious,  adj.  Lat.  prodi- 
giwm,  a  prodigy. 

Stn.  Marvellou'?.  Portentous.  Won- 
derful. Astounding.  Enormous.  Mon- 
strous.   Amazing. 

Ant.  Ordinary.  Common-place.  Every- 
day.   Usual.    Familiar.    Moderate. 

Prodigy,  ?;.    See  Prodigious. 

Produce,  v.  tr.  Lat.  prodn- 
cere. 

Stn.  Exhibit.  Bear.  Furnish.  Afford. 
Cause.  Create.  Originate.  Yield.  Extend. 
Prolong.    Lengthen. 

Ant.  Withdraw.  Retain.  Stifle.  With- 
hold. Neutralize.  Destroy.  Annihilate. 
Curtail.    Shorten.    Contract,     Reduce. 

Product,  n.    See  Produce. 

Stn.  Fruit.  Result.  Issue.  Ojn.se- 
quence.    Effect.    Emanation.    Work. 

Ant.  Cause.  Principle.  Power.  Mo- 
tive. Energy.  Operation.  Action.  Ten- 
dency.   Law. 

Productive,  adj.  See  Pro- 
duce. 

Stn.  Fruitful.  Prolific.  Fertile.  Effi- 
cient.    Causative. 

Ant.  Unfruitful.  Barren.  Sterile.  Un« 
productive.    Inefficient.    Effete. 

Proemial.  adj.  Gr.  ■Trpooifiioi', 
from  77-po,  before,  and  oifios,  a 
rvay.  Something  which  leads 
the  way ;  a  preface  or  introduc- 
tion.    See  Prefatory. 

Profane,  adj.  Pro,  forth,  and 
fmuni,  a  temple.  Not  dedicated 
to  the  service  of  any  god  or 
temple ;  hence  unconsecrated, 
and,  finally,  unholy. 

Sra.  Unconsecrated.  Secular.  Tenip"- 
ral.  Unsanctitied.  Unholy.  Irreligious 
Irreverent.  Ungodly.  Wicked.  Godlei; 
.'vmpioos     Blasphcmoos. 


Act.  Holy.  Consecrated.  Sacred.  Spi- 
ritual. Sanctified.  Keverent.  Religious. 
Godly.    Pious.    Pevout. 

Profess,  v.  tr.  Lat.  profiteri, 
fessus.  To  declare  on  one's  own 
behalf,  whether  sincerely  or  in- 
sincerely. 

St».  Declare.  Avow.  Acknowledge. 
Own.    Confess.    Pretend.    Proclaim. 

AST.  Conceal.  Suppress.  Disown.  Dis- 
avow.   Repudiate.    Renounce.    Abjure. 

Proffer,  v.  tr.  Lat.  proferre, 
to  hrincf fonuard. 

Stn.  Offer.    Propose.    Tender 
Akt.  Withhold.    Detain. 

Proficienct,  n,  Jj&i.  proficere, 
to  make  progress. 

SrN.  Success.  Advancement.  Progress. 
Improvement.    Forwardness. 

Ant.  Failure.  Backwardness.  Unsuc- 
cess.    Tardiness.    Relapse. 

Proficient,  n.  See  Profi- 
ciency. 

Syn.  Adept,    blaster.    Expert. 

Ant.  Tyro.  Novice.   Ignoramus.  Dunce. 

Proficient,  adj.    See  noini. 

Stn.  E.xpert.  Clever.  Practised.  Skilled. 
Trained.     Versed.     Advanced.    Conversant. 

Ant.  Backward.  Ignorant.  Unskilled. 
Inconversant.  Ill-versed.  Awkward.  Clumsy. 

Profit,  n.     See  Proficiency. 

Stn.  Gain.  Emolument.  Advantage. 
Avail.     A-c<iuisition.    Benefit. 

Ant.  Loss.  Detriment.  Damage.  Dis- 
advantage.   Waste. 

Profitable,  adj.    See  Profit. 

Stn.  Gainful.  Advantageous.  Desir- 
able. Beneficial.  Useful.  Productive.  Re- 
munerative. 

Ant.  Unprofitable.  Disadvantageous. 
Undesirable.  Detrimental.  Unbeneficial. 
Unprofitable.  Useless.  Vain.  FruiUess. 
Unproductive.    Unremunerative. 

Profitless,  adj.  See  Profit- 
able. 

PrOFLIGACT,  n.  Lat  profligare, 
from  2'>^'o  a:ad  Jligere,  to  strike  or 
throw  forivard  or  away.  A  reck- 
less casting  away  of  what  is  right 
and  good. 

Snf.  Shamelessness.  Dissoluteness.  De- 
ji'avity.    Reprobation. 

Ant.  Virtue,  ftobity.  Integritv  Prin- 
flpls.    Conscientiousness. 


nfynonym&  and  Antomjms.  305 

Profligate,  adj.    Sec  Profli- 


gacy. 

Profound,  adj.  Lat.  profun- 
dus. Used  physically  and  me- 
taphorically. 

Stn.  Deep.  Fathomless.  Abysmal. 
Fanetrating.    Intimate. 

Ant.  Shallow.    Superficial. 

Profuse,  udj.  Lat.  profusus, 
pro,  and  fundrre,fusuf;,  to  pour. 

Stn.  Copious.  Lavish.  Prodigal.  Boun- 
tiful.   Extravagant.    Exuberant. 

Ant.  Scanty.  Sparing.  Chary.  Parsi- 
monious.   Niggardly.    Churlish.    Poor. 

Profusion,  «.    See  Profuse. 

Stn.  Copiousness  Prodigality.  Abun- 
dance. Exuberance.  Extravagance.  Mul- 
titude. Mass.  Heap.  Load.  Flood. 
Wealth. 

Ant.    Scarcity.  Economy.      Poverty 

Parsimony.  Drain.  Dole.  Driblet.  Pit- 
tance. 

Progeny,  n.     Lat.  progenies. 

Stn.    Offspring.    Young.    Issue.     Scion. 
Offshoot.    Descendants.     Posterity, 
Ant.  Stock.    Parentage.    Ancestry. 

Prognostic,  n.  Gr.  ■npoyvuxr- 
TtKoy,  from  Tvpo,  hefore,  and  yty- 
vaxTKeiv,  to  know. 

.Stn.  Sign.  Indication.  Symptom.  Pre- 
monition. Harbinger.  Token.  Presage. 
Signal.  .  , 

Ant.  Result.  Reminder.  Memorial. 
Record.  Register.  Misindicatlon.  Mis- 
token. 

Prognosticate,  v.  tr.  See 
Prognostic. 

Stn.  Foretell.  Presage.  Predict.  Indi- 
cate.   Betoken. 

Ant.  Record.  Register.  Recal.  Re- 
member.   Note.    Rehearse. 

Programme,   «.      From.  Gr. 

irpo,  before,  and  ypdfifia,  a  zvriting. 

Stn.  Advertisement.  Notice.  Plan. 
Catalogue. 

Ant.  Review.  Eehearsal.  Repetition. 
Resiime.    Analysis.    Precis. 

Progress,  n.  Lat.  progressus, 
fvom  progredioi  progressus,  to  ad- 
vance. 

Sto.  Advancement.  Advance.  Move- 
ment.  Proceeding.  Way.  Journey.  Pro. 
ficiency.    Speed.    Growth. 

Ant.  Delay.  Stoppage.  Retreat,  Stay 
Retrogression.    Failure.    RelapB<>. 


306 


Synonyms  a:id  Antonyms. 


Proorkss,  v.  int.     S'-e  noiii'. 
Peogeession,    n.      /Ste    Pxo- 


Sra.  Series.    Gradation.    Rate. 
Ant.  Inversion.    Dimiuutiou. 

Peohibit,  V.  tr.  Lat.  prolii- 
hare,  Itihitiis. 

Stn.  Forbid.  luterdict.  Debar.  Dis- 
allow.   Inhibit. 

Ant.  Permit.  Ortant.  Allow.  Sanc- 
tion. 

Prohibition,  n.    See  verb. 

Project,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
'projlcere,  jedus,  jacpre,  to  cast. 

Syn.  Throw.  Cast.  Hurl.  Propel. 
Propound.  Intend.  Forecast.  Jut.  E.x- 
lend.    Reach.    Bulge. 

Ant.  Recal.  Withdraw.  Draw.  Re- 
tract. Pull.  Attract.  Rebound.  Recoil. 
>\aduce.    Revert.    Rebate. 

Project,  n.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Plan.    Purpose.    Design.    Scheme. 
ANr.  Hazard.    Chance.     Venture. 

Projectile,  ii.    See  Project. 

Stn.  Missile. 

Ant.  Weapon.    Side-arras.    Hand-arms. 

Projection,  n.    See  Project. 

Syk.  Protuberance.  Prominence.  Con- 
vexity.   Propulsion.    Emission. 

Ant.  Recess.  Cavity.  Concavity.  Re- 
turn. Indentation.  Hollow.  Attraction. 
Recoil.    Relwund.    Ricochet.    Reaction. 

Prolific,  adj.  Fr.  proUfique, 
Lat.  proles,  offspring,  and  facere, 
to  make  or  p)rodii.ce.  See  Produc- 
tive. 

Prolix.  Lat.  ^j?o,  and  laxns, 
loose. 

Syn.  Diffuse.  Lengthy.  Tedious.  Cu:- 
cumlociitory.    Prosaic. 

Ant.  Condensed.  Terse.  Epigramma- 
tic.   CLu-t.     Brief.    Luconic. 

Prolong,  v.  tr.  Lat.  prolan- 
(j(iri>,  from  langns,  long. 

Stn.  Lengthen.  Extend.  Protract.  Con- 
tinue. 

Ant.  Curtail.  Shorten.  Contract.  Dis- 
contintie. 

Prominent,  adj.  Lat.  proiy^i- 
rwns,  part,  oi prominere. 

Sym.  Jutting.  Protuberant.  Relieved. 
Embossed.  Extended.  Manifest.  Con- 
^pl'.•uous.    Kminent.    Iiistingulshed.    Main. 


Important.    Leading.    CharactiTlstic.    l**.* 
tincUve. 

Ant.  Receding.  Concave.  Rebated.  In- 
dented. Hollowed.  Engraved.  Intailed. 
Withdrawn.  Inconspicuous.  Minor.  Sub- 
ordinate. Secondary.  Unimportant.  In- 
distinctive.    Undistinguishable. 

PEOMiscnotrs,  adj.  Lat.  pro- 
miscuus,  from  p)ro,  and  viiscere, 
to  mix. 

Stn.  Mingled.  Confused.  Undistin- 
guished. Unselected.  Unarranged.  Undis- 
tributed. Unassorted.  Common.  Unre- 
served.   Casual.    Disorderly.    Unordered. 

Ant.  Sorted.  Select.  Orderly.  Arranged. 
Distributed.  Reserved.  Assorted.  Exclu- 
sive.   Nice. 

Promise,  v.  tr.  Lat.  p^i'omit- 
tere,  jnissus.  To  engage  by  word 
of  mouth,  as  distinguished  from 
a  bond. 

Stn.  Engage.    Assure. 

Ant.  Covenant.    Pledge.    Stipulate. 

The  word  is  also  used  intran- 
sitively, as,  '  the  thing  promises 
well ;'  and  when  transitive,  has 
either  a  single  or  a  double  accu- 
sative, as,  '  to  promise  a  person,' 
'  to  promise  a  thing,'  and  '  to  pro- 
mise a  person  a  thing.' 

Promontory,  «.  Lat.  promon^ 
torium,  pro,  and  moiis,  a  moun- 
tain. 

Stn.  Headland.    Jutland.    Cape. 
Ant.  Bay.    Cove.    Recess. 

Promote,  v.  tr.  Lat.  promo- 
vere,  motus. 

Stn.  Aid.  Further.  Advance.  Excite 
Exalt.    Raise.    Elevate.    Prefer. 

Ant.  Discourage.  Repress.  Hinder 
Check.  Allay.  Depress.  Degrade.  Dis 
honour. 

Promotion,  n.    See  Promote. 

Prompt,  adj.  Lat.  promptus^ 
part.  oip)romere,  to  bring  forth,  tc 
bring  to  light  or  to  view. 

Stn.  Ready.  Alert.  Responsive  Ac- 
tive. 

Ant.  Unready.  Sluggish.  Irresponsive. 
Inactive. 

Peomptitudb,  r?.    »S'ee  Prompt 

Stn.  Readiness.  Quickness.  Akrtriee*. 
Alacrity.    Activity. 

Akt.  Unreadiness.  Sluggishness.  Ina» 
tiou.    Inertness.    Tardiiiess.    UedUtioo. 


Synomjms  and  Antonyms. 


307 


Pboktjlgate,  v.  fr.  Corrupted 
for  provuhjate.  Lat.  pro,  and 
vuh/Hi^,  the  common  p>eople.  The 
etj-niology  is  seen  in  the  synonym 
Divulge. 

Stn.  Divulge.  Announce.  Publish. 
Spread.    Propound.    Disseminate. 

Ant.  Repress.  ConceaL  Suppress. 
.\ifle.    Hush.    Burke.    Discountenance. 

Peone,  arlj.  Lat.  pronus, 
2eaiiin<:i  forycird. 

Stn.  i)i.>posed.  Inclined.  Bent.  Tend- 
ing.    Apt. 

Ant.  Indisposed.  Disinclined.  Unapt. 
Averse. 

Pronounce,  v.  tr.  Lat.  2^^^^ 
nuntiare,  nuntiua,  a  messenger. 

Snf.  Articulate.  Utter.  Declare.  Pro- 
pound.   Deliver.    Assert.    Ailirm. 

Ant.  Mispronounce.  Mispropound.  dis- 
affirm. Suppress.  Stifle.  Silence.  Choke. 
S^vallow.    Gab))le.    Mumble. 

Pronunciation,  n.  See  Pro- 
nounce. 

Proof,??.  Old  Fx. prove, 'L&i. 
j^rohare,  to  prove. 

Srs.  Test.  Trial.  Examination.  Cri- 
terion. Essay.  Establishment.  Comproba- 
tJon.  Demonstration.  Evidence.  Testi- 
mony.   Scrutiny. 

Ant.  Disproof.  Failure.  Invalidity. 
Short-coming.  Fallacy.  Undemonstrative- 
ness.    Reprobation. 

Prop,  n.  Dutch  projypen,  to 
thrust.     Staff. 

SrN.  Support.  Stay.  Buttress.  Shore. 
Strut.    Pin. 

Ant.  Superstructure.  Superincumbency. 
Top-weight.  Gravitation.  Extirpation. 
Subverter.    Destroyer. 

Propagate,  v.  tr.  and  int. 
Lat.  pjropagare. 

Sin.  Breed.  Generate.  Produce.  Ori- 
ginate. Spread.  Extend.  Expand.  Dis- 
seminate. Diffuse.  Increase.  Multiply. 
Promulgate.    Propound.    Broach. 

AST.  Extinguish.  Strangle.  Stifle. 
Neutralize.  Reduce.  Contract.  Suppress. 
Diminish.  Fail.  Dwindle.  Die.  Contra- 
dict. 

Propel,  v.  tr.  Lat.  propellere, 
to  drive  forward. 

Snr.  Hurl.    Project.    Drive.    Urge. 
ANT.  Retard.    DetAin.    Withhold. 


Propensity,  n.  Lat.  p}opcn- 
sus,  pi-oprndere,  to  hang  forward. 
See  Proclivity, 

Proper,  culf.  Lat.  proprii's. 
Literally  that  which  is  one's  own ; 
hence,  secondly,  that  which  is 
]ieculiarly,  and,  lastly,  that 
which  is  generally,  fitting. 

Stk.  Peculiar.  Appertinent.  Personal. 
Own.  Constitutional.  Special.  Befitting. 
Ailapted.  Suited.  Suitable.  Appropiiatc. 
Right,    Decent.    Becoming. 

Ant.  Common.  Iiiappi>rtinent.  Alien. 
Universal.  Non-special.  Unbefitting.  Un- 
adapted.  Unsuited.  Unsuitable.  Inappro- 
priate. Wrong.  Indecent.  Unbecoming. 
Improper 

Prophetic,  adj.  Gr.  irpocprjTrii. 
Not  so  much  a  foreteller  of  events 
as  a  speaker  on  behalf  of  another, 
from  7rpo(pdvai,  to  sjvak  forth,  as 
on  behalf  of  some  god. 

Srx.  Predictive.  Ominous.  Portent.i.s. 
Premonitory.  Fatidical.  Oracular,  ^ibyi 
Une. 

Ant.  Historic.  Narrative.  C'hronic\sl. 
Recorded.    Recitative.    Commemorative. 

Propinquity,  n.  Propinqiaib. 
from  prope,  near. 

Stn.  Nearness.  Pftximity.  Contignitj 
Adjacence. 

Ant.  Distance.  Remoteness.  Longittide. 
Separation. 

Propitiate,  v.  tr.  Propitius, 
favourahh.    To  make  favottrabla 

Stn.  Conciliate.  Secure.  Appease. 
Win.    Reconcile. 

Ant.  Exasperate.  Alienate.  Estrange. 
Offend. 

Propitious,  adj.  See  Propi- 
tiate. Applied  to  pei-sons  and 
things. 

SrN.  Timely.  Favourable.  Auspicious. 
Beneficial.     Friendly.     Well-dispof-d. 

Ant.  Untimely.  Untoward.  Unseason- 
able. Unfavourable.  Inauspicious.  Un- 
friendly. Hostile.  Antagonistic.  Adverse. 
Ill-disposed.     Unpropitious. 

Proportion,  n.  Lat.  pro,  and 
portio,  a  sitare. 

Stn.  Adaptation.  Relation.  Rate.  Dis- 
tribution. Adjustment.  Symmetrj-.  In- 
terrelationship.    Uniformity.    Correlation, 

Aht.     Misproportion.       Mis*ljustmeiitj 

x2 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


308 


Incongruity.  Disparity.    Disharmony.    Dis- 
order.   Lrrelation,    Disproportion. 


Snr.  Denounce.    Condemn.    Reject.    !&' 
terUicL 

AvT.    Permit       Sanction.      Enconrag* 
Peoposal,  n.     Lat.  proponere. .  Enjoin. 


to  propose. 

Syv.   Offer.     Overture.     Tender.     Sug^ 


Prose,  n.    See  Prosaic. 


Prosecute,  v.  tr.     Lat.  prose- 
:.  wunboiQing    »v iinaraw^au    r.«.  j      ■  gg^„ti,s^    The  racUcal  idea  of 

tention.    Reticence.    Dissuasive.    Warning.     '      '  .  . 

Prohibition  '  the  word  IS,  to  follow  out.     Tins 

P.O.OS.,  ..  ,r.  S.e  Propo^l.  ;S„Jras'a''SS!  t  "^t 
Proposition,??.    .See  Proposal,   quiry,  or  a  person,  for  the  sake 

In  addition  to  the  sense  of  pro-  of  bringing  him,  as  an  offender. 


posal,  this  word  has  that  of- 

Stn.  Statement.  .\£Brmation.  Declara- 
tion.   Sentence. 

A>T.  Misstatement.  Interjection.  BabeL 
Jargon.    Sound.    Riddle.    I'aradox. 

>S'ee    Pro- 


Propotjnd, 


tr. 


pose. 

Stx.  Propose.  Promulgate.  Express. 
Declare.  Maintain.  Advocate.  Propagate. 
Broach. 

Ant.  Kepress.  Suppress.  Contradict. 
Withdraw.  Repudiate.  Renounce.  Ab- 
jure.   Recal.    P^tract. 

Propriety,  n.    See  Proper. 

Prorogation,    n 
rogue. 

Prorogue. 

ward,  and  rvf/are,  to  asl-,  to  ask 


to  justice. 

Stn.  Follow.  Pursue.  Investigate. 
I  Conduct.    Summon.    Arraign. 

Ant.  Drop.  Discontinue.  Abandon, 
^lisconduct.  ilisinvestigaie.  Miss.  Libe- 
I  rate.     Exonerate.     Acquit. 

!     Prosecution,  n.     See  Prose- 
cute. 

Proselyte,  n.  Gr.  irpoay]- 
\vTOi.  Literally,  a  comer  to  or 
comer  over;  that  is,  from  one 
religion  to  another. 

Srs.  Convert.    Catechumen.     Neophyte. 
Akt.    Misbeliever.      Infidel.      Habitue. 
See     Pro-    Pi'l^''-    '''■°P-    Buttress. 

Prospect,  n.    Ijni.  prospectus, 

„         .      \a    look  out,    from  prospiccre,   to 
tr.      Pro,  for-  ]  ^^^j,  ^^^^_ 

Syk.  View.    Vision.    Field.  Landscape! 


votes.      To  defer  the  voting  day.     ]  Hope.    Anticipation.    Probability. 


Si-x.  Adjourn.    Postpone.    Deter 
Ant.     Convene.       Continue. 
Expedite.    Despatch. 

Prosaic,  adj.  Having  the 
character  of  prose  (prorsa  oratio, 
straight/ortuard  speech)  in  an  ex- 


AsT.  Viewlessness.      Dimness.     Ohscu- 
Prolong     rity.    Darkness.    Cloud.    Veiling.    Occulta- 
tiou.    Hopelessness.    Improbability. 


Sto.  Dull.  Matter-of-fact.  Tedious. 
Prolix. 

Akt.  Poetic.  Animated.     Interesting. 

Lively.    Fervid.  Eloquent.    Graphic 


Proscribe,  v.  tr.     Pro   and 
scrihere,  to  write.      The  sense  of 
this  word  is  derived  from  the 
ancient  Roman  custom  of  wTiting  ,       -. 
up  in  pubhc  the  names  of  those  |  P^^"^' 
persons  who  were  sentenced  to '     '^ 
death. 


Prospectus,  n.    See  Prospect. 

SvN.  Programme.  Plan.  CaUlogue. 
Announcement.  Bill.  Scheme.  Compett- 
dium. 

Ant.  Subject.  Transaction.  Proceed- 
ing, &c. 

Prosperity,  «.  Lat.  prosper, 
and  prospcrus,  from  pro,  accord- 
ing to,  and  spes,  hope. 

Srs.  Success.    WeaL    Welfare. 
A.NT.    Unsuccess.       Woe.       Adversity. 
Fixilure.    Reverse. 

PiiOSPEROUS,  adj.     See  Pros- 


Pbostbate,   adj.     Lat.  pro*- 
ternere,  prostratus,  to  throw  dcum. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


500 


8tk.  Vallen.  Rat.  Procumbent.  Life- 
less.   Ruined. 

Ant.  Risen.  Vertical.  Erect.  Up- 
right.   Reiiivigoratei    Revived.     Restored. 

Prostration,  n.  See  Pros- 
trate. 

Protect,  v.  tr.  Protegere,pro- 
tectus,  to  cover  over,  or  throw  a 
shield  or  other  guard  before. 

Stn.  Defend.  Fortify.  Guard.  Sbield. 
Preserve.    Cover.    Secure. 

AiJT.  Betray.  Endanger.  Imperil. 
Abandon.     E.xpose. 

Protection,  n.    See  Protect. 

Protector,??.    /See Protect. 

Protest,  v.  int.  When  used 
transitively,  it  is  followed  by  the 
prej).  against. 

SrN.  Expostulate.  Remonstrate.  De- 
nounce.   Repudiate.    Deprecate. 

Ant.  Acquiesce.  Coincide.  Sanction. 
Subscribe.    Endorse.    Agree. 

Protract,  v.  tr.  Protruherc, 
'protrartus,  to  draw  out. 

Stn.  Prolong.  Produce.  Elongate.  De- 
fer.   Extend.    Lengthen. 

Ant.  Shorten.  Abbreviate.  Curtail. 
Contract.    Reduce. 

Protrude,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fro- 
trudere,  to  Ihrtist forth. 

Stn.  Extend.  Project.  Abut.  Jut.  De- 
monstrate.   Expose. 

Ant.  Recede.  Retract.  Adduce.  Re- 
press.   Suppress.    Conceal. 

Protrusion,  n.    See  Protrude. 

Syn.  Projection.  Protuberance.  Con- 
vexity.   Tongue. 

Ant.  Recess.  Cavity.  Hollow.  Con- 
cavity.   Mouth. 

Protuberance,  n.  Pro, forth, 
and  tuber,  any  kind  of  swellijtfj. 

S\-s.  Lump.  Swelling.  Excrescence. 
Convexity. 

Ant.  Cavity.  Smoothness.  Planeness. 
Concavity.    Indentation.    Hollow. 

Proud,  adf    Ang.  Sax.  prt^L 

SvN.   Arrogant.     Haughty.  Imperious. 

Supercilious.       Presumptuous.  Boastful. 

Elated.  Self-satisfied.  Lofty.  Imposing. 
Magnificent.    Self-conscious. 

Akt.    Deferential.     Humble.      Affable. 

Unpresuniing.  Meek.  Lowly.  Ashamed. 
Unlmposics.    Mean. 


Prove,  v.  tr.     Lat.  jyi-ohare. 

Stn.  Try.  Assay.  Test  Establish. 
Demonstrate.  Ascertain.  Argue.  Show. 
Confirm. 

Ant.  Pass.  Pretermit.  Misdemonstrate. 
Misindicate.  Refute.  Disprove.  Contra- 
dict.   Disestablish.    Neutralize. 

Proverb,  n.  Lat.  proverlium. 
A  condensed  saying  of  practical 
value. 

Syn.  Maxim.  Apothegm  (properly  Apo- 
phthegm).     Adage.    Saw. 

Ant.  Essay.  Dissertation.  Disquisi- 
tion.   Oration.    Diatribe.    Yam. 

Proverbial,  adj.  See  Pro- 
verb. 

Syn.  Notorious.  Current.  Acknow- 
ledged.    Unquestioned. 

Ant.  Dubious.  Unfounded.  Suspicious, 
Suspected.    Questionable. 

Provide,  v.  tr.  Pro,  forward, 
and  vklere,  to  see.  Used  some- 
times intransitively  with  the  j'/rj;. 
for. 

Syn.  Prepare.  Arrange.  Procure.  Af- 
ford. Supply.  Contribute.  Yield.  I^o- 
duce. 

Ant.  Mispro^'ide.  Neglect.  Overlook. 
Withhold.  Retain.  Appropriate.  Refuse. 
Deny.  Alienate.  Divert.  Misemploy. 
Mismanage. 

Provided,  adv.     See  Provide. 

Syn.  (iranted.    Supposing. 

Akt.  Barring.    Saving.    Excluded. 

Providence,  n.      See  Provi- 
dent. 
Provident,  adf.    See  Provide. 

Syk.  Forecasting.  Foreseeing.  Cautious. 
Considerate. 

Ant.  Improvident.  Reckless.  Careless. 
Inconsiderate. 

Province,  n.  Pro  and  vincere, 
to  conquer.  A  country  brought  by 
conquest  under  the  dominion  of 
Rome. 

Syn.  Tract.  Region.  Department.  Sec- 
tion.   Sphere. 

Ant.  Metropolis.    Centre.    Capital. 

Provincial,  adj.  See  Pro- 
vince. 

Syn.  Appendant.  Annexed.  Outlyiuft 
Rural.     Countrified.     Rustic.     B\:  colic. 

Ant.  Central.  Metropolitan.  Madiill, 
Fashionable.    Cotirtly. 


310 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Provision,  n.     See  Provide.      I     Prudent,  adj.    Lat.  prudcjut. 

Preparation.     Arrangement.     Pro-    for  providens.      Another  form  Oi 
bupply.     Anfc.pat.on.    Food.    S"P-  |  the  WOrcl  provident. 

Sv'^.  Wise.  Wary.  Cautious.  Circv.rn- 
spect.    Discreet.    Careful. 

Ant.  Foolish.  Unwary.  Incautious. 
Uncircumspect.  Indiscreet.  Rash.  Impiu- 
dent.    Silly.     Reckless.    Audacioi.s. 


duce. 
plies. 

Ant.  Neglect.  Misprovision.  Forget- 
fulness.  Thoughtlessness.  Oversight.  i)es- 
titution.  Want.  Dearth.  Starvation. 
Dole.    Pittance. 

Provisional,  adj.  See  Pro- 
vide. The  term  expresses  that 
which  is  contingent  moon  some-  j  pi'een 


Prune,  v.  fr.    For  an  old  word 


thing  else,  foreseen,  or  supposed 
to  be  so;  hence,  conditional,  or 
upon      present      circumstances 


SvN.  Trim.    Lop.    Dress.    AmputAto. 
Ant.  Pamper.    Train. 

Pry,  V.  int.     Probably  conn. 

rary.  I        Ant.    Connive.     Overlook.     Disregard. 

Stn.  Conditional.      Contingent.     Hypo-  |  Pretermit, 
thetical.     Temporary. 

Ant.  Unconditional.     Absolute.     Perma^ 
cent.    Perpetual. 

Provocation,  n.      See   Pro- 
voke. 


Provoke,  v.  fr.  Lat.  provo- 
mre,  to  call  forth.  In  the  first 
place,  simply  so ;  and  hence,  as 
regards  the  feeling  of  resent- 
ment, to  irritate. 

Syn.  Educe.  Summon.  Rouse.  Irritate. 
&cite.    Challenge.    Ve.x. 

Ant.  Allay.  Relegate.  I'acify.  Soothe. 
Conciliate. 

Prowess,  n.  From  the  Old 
English  adjective  prow,  from  pro- 
hns,  Jiaving  good  knightly  quali- 
ties. 

Sru.  Bravery.  Valour.  Gallantry. 
Might. 

Ant.  Cowardice.  Weakness.  Pol- 
troonery.   DasUirdliness. 

Prowl,  v.  int.    Old  English, 

Syn.  Rove.    Roam.    A\'aiider.    Prey. 
Ant.  Fly.    Swoop.    Chase.    Scour. 

Proximity,  «.  Lat.  proximus, 
nearest.     See  Propinquity. 

Proxy,  ?;.  A  contraction  of 
procuracy,  from  Lat.  jjrocurator, 
a  proctm-  or  suhatitutr. 

Stn.  Agency.  Substitution.  Represen- 
1*tion.  Agent.  Substitute.  Representa- 
tive. Deputy.  Commissioner.  Lieutenant. 
Delegate. 

AST.  Principalship.  Personality.  Prin- 
cipal.   Person.    Authority.    Deputer. 


Public,  ndj'.  Lat.  puhlicus,  for 
populicHS,  belonging  to  thepeop>le. 

Syn.  Open.  Notorious.  Common.  So- 
cial.   National. 

Ant.  Close.  Secret.  Private.  Domestic. 
Secluded.    Solitary.    PersonaL    Individual. 

Publication,  n.  See  Public. 
The  word  is  also  used  of  the 
thing  published. 

Syn.  Promulgation.  Notification.  Pro- 
clamation.    Divulgation. 

Ant.  Suppression.  Reservation.  Con- 
cealment. 

Publicity,  n.  The  state  of 
being  publicly  known  as  opposed 
to  supi^ressiou  of  things,  or  re- 
tirement of  persons.     6'ee  Public. 

Puerile,  adj.  Lat.  puer,  a 
hoy. 

'Syn.  Cliildisli.  Futile.  Nugatory.  Weak. 
Silly.    Trifling. 

Ant.  Manly.  Vigorous.  Effective.  Pow- 
erful.   Cogent.    Weighty. 

Puerility,  n.    See  Puerile. 

Puff,  v.  tr.  Germ,  puthn. 
Used  metaphorically  for,  to  in- 
flate with  praise. 

Syn.  Flatter.  Advertise.  Hawk.  Ven- 
tilate. 

Ant.  Squash.  Disparage.  Lash.  Chas- 
tise.    Blast. 

Pugnacious,  adj.  Lat.  pugnax^ 

given  to  fighting,  pngna,  a  fight. 
Stw.  Quarrelsome.     Bellioose. 
Ant.  Peaceable.    Conciliatory,    Sua\ity. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


311 


PtTLL,  V.  tr.    Ang.  Sax.  puUian. 

Sys.  Draw.  Drag.  Adduce.  Extract, 
Pluck. 

AxT.  Push.    Eject.    Extrude.    Propel. 

PlTMMEL,  V.  tr.  It.  porno,  an 
apple,  or  any  round  knob,  as  of 
a  stick  or  sword-handle.  See 
Pommel. 

Pump,  r.  tr.  Tr.  pompe,  a 
pump.  Metaphorically  and  col- 
loquially used  in  the  follomng 


Svu.  Cross-examine.  Interrogate,  Cross- 
question. 

Ant.  Prime.  Indoctrinate.  Instruct. 
Ciam. 

Punch,  v.  tr.  Fr.  poingonner, 
Lat.  pungere,  punctus,  to  pricJc. 
Applied  to  persons  and  things. 

Stn.  Perforate.  Poke.  Pierce.  Puncture. 
Terebrate.     Bore. 

Akt.  Stop.    Plug.    Seal.    Bung. 

Punctilious,  adj.  Sp.  pu7i- 
iillo,  a  dimin.  of  Lat.  punctum. 
A  little  or  nice  point  of  etiquette, 
or  otherwise. 

Stn.  Ceremonious.  Nice.  Scrupulous. 
Exact. 

Ant.   Unceremonious.    Unscrupulous. 

Punctual,  adj.  See  Puncti- 
lious—in the  sense  of  which  it 
was  once  employed;  now  re- 
stricted to  the  observance  of 
points  of  time. 

Stn.  Exact.    Prompt.    Early.    Timely. 
Ant.   Late.    Tardy.    Behindhand.    Be- 
lated.   Dilatory.    Unpunctual. 

Puncture,  n.  and  v.  See 
Punch. 

Pungent,  adj.  Part,  of  Lat. 
pungere,  to  prick. 

Stn.  Pricking.  Piercing.  Acrid.  Mor- 
d;uit.  Biting.  Stinging.  Stimulating.  Keen. 
Trenchant.    Caustic. 

Ant.  Soothing.  Mellow.  Luscious. 
Unctuous. 

Punish,  v.  tr.    Lat.  punire. 

Sin.  Chastise.  Castigate.  Chasten. 
Correct. 

AST.  Reward.  Recompense.  Remunerate. 
icde&Uiify. 


Puny,  adj.  Old  Fr.  lu'svc, 
Fr.  puis  ne,  Lat.  pod  /tutus,  Lorn 
last,  or  young'sf. 

Stn.  Petty.  Undeveloped.  UnJersized. 
Feeble.     Pigmy.    Dwarfish. 

Ant.  Great.  Developed.  Fine.  Robust. 
Vigorous.     Oversized.    Colossal.    Gigantic. 

Pupil,  n.  Jjixi.  xnipillus,  dim 
of  pupus,  hoy. 

Stn.  Scholar.  Learner.  Tyro.  Novice. 
Ward. 

Ant.    Teacher.       Master.       Proficient. 

Adept.    Guardian. 

Pupilage,  h.     -S'ee  Pupil. 

Stn.  Minority.  Disclpleship.  Ward- 
ship.   Tutelage.  Dependence.    Government 

Ant.  Majority.  Mastership.  Guardian- 
ship.   Discretion.    Independence. 

Puppet,  n.  "Written  also  Pop- 
pet, Fr.  poupee,  a  dull,  Lat. 
pupa.  Used  illustratively  for  a 
person  of  high  station,  but  with- 
out real  power. 

Stn.  DoU.    Image.    Lay-figure.    Tool. 
Ant.  Personality.    Power. 

Puppy,  ».  In  the  sense  of 
fop  is  not  to  be  confounded  with 
puppy,  another  form  of  pup,  a 
small  dog.  It  is  of  the  same 
derivation  as  puppet,  which  see. 

Stn.  Fop.    Coxcomb.    Prig. 
Ant.  Boor.    Clown.    Lout. 

Purblind,  adj.  Now  used  in 
the  sense  of  partly  blind,  pro- 
bably fi-om  a  confusion  with  the 
par,  or  parboiled,  or  part- boiled ; 
but  originally  it  meant  entirely 
blind — pure,  or  purely  blind. 

Stn.  Blinkard.  Owl-tyed.  Short- 
sighted. 

Ant.  Eagle-eyed.  Hawk-eyed.  Lynx- 
eyed.    Argus-eyed.     Far-sighted. 

Pure,  adj.    Lat.  pur  us. 

Stn.  Clear.  Unmi.xed.  Simple.  Genuine. 
Unadulterated.  Uncorrupted.  UnsuUieiU 
Clean.  Spotless.  Immaculate.  Undeftled. 
Guileless.     Innocent. 

Ant.  Foul.  Turbid.  Impure.  Adul- 
terated. Corrupt.  Sullied.  Stained.  Tar. 
nished.    Defiled.    Mixed.     Guilty. 

Purgation,  «.     Lat.  purgatio. 

Stn.  Clearing.  Cleansing.  Purificatior 
!^nBtration.  ClarificAtion.  Defecation.  P«- 
(ersion. 


312 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Ant.  Impiitaaon.  Contraction.  Defile- 
ment.   Befoulment. 

Purge,  v.  tr.    See  Purgation. 

Purify,  v.  tr.  Fnrus,  pure, 
and/uccre,  to  make.     See  Purge. 

PuRiTANiOAL,rff7/.  Like  in  creed 
or  in  demeanour  to  the  Puritans. 

Stn.  Prudish,     jiscetic.     Demure. 


Purity,  v.    Sec  Pure. 

Purlieu,  n.  Oftener  used  in 
the  plural.  A  corruption  of 
]».iralee,  for  pour  and  aller.  A 
liberty  or  district  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  a  forest,  defined  by- 
perambulation  in  old  times. 

Syn.  Environ.     Precinct.    Suburb. 
Ant.  Centre.    Heart. 

Purloin,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  |w?«;-- 
loignier.  Not  to  carry  a  long 
way  oif,  but  to  retard  or  delay ; 
hence,  in  the  secondary  sense,  to 
keep  back  furtively. 

Stn.  Steal.     Filch,     thieve. 
Ant.  Reinstate.    Restore.    Seize.    Plun- 
der. 

Purport,  «.  Old  Fr.  purport, 
horapur  for  j^our,  for,  and  porter, 
to  carry. 

Stn.  Tendency.  Meaning.  Import. 
Bearing.  Signification.  Drift.  Tenour. 
Current. 

Ant.  Statement.  Assertion.  Declara- 
tion.   Proposition.    Announcement. 

PuRPOSit,  V.  tr.  and  int.  Der. 
uncertain.  Perhaps  another 
form  of  propose,  from  the  French 
pour,  forward,  the  Lat.  pro  and 
poser,  from  ponere,  to  jmt ;  but 
more  probably  the  French  jw;o-- 
2)emer,  to  think  hiforeha'nd. 

Sto.  Intend.  Determine.  Design.  Re- 
solve. 

Ant.  Chance.  Risk.  Hazard.  Revoke. 
Miscalculate.    Venture.    Stake. 

Purpose,  ??.    See  verb. 

SvN.  Intention.  Design.  jVlind.  Mean- 
ing. View.  Object.  Aim.  End.  Scope. 
Point.    P.esolve. 


Airr.  Chance.  Fortune.  Fate.  Sen- 
dent     Hazard,    l.ot.     Casualty.     Luit-ry. 

Pursue,  v.  tr.  The  same 
word  as  prosecute,  but  coming 
through  the  French  pourauivre, 
and  not  directly  from  the  Latin 
pirosequi,  secutus.     See  Prosecute. 

Pursy,  aJJ.  Fr.  poussif,  from 
poftsse,  asthma. 

SrN.  Short-winded.  Thick-winded 
Short-breathed. 

Ant.  Lithe.    Agile.    Long-winded. 

Purulent,  adj.  Pus,  corrvi,t 
matter. 

Stn.  Fecnlent.    Festering.    Corrupt. 
Ant.  Secretional.    Healthy. 

Purvey,  v.  tr.  Fr.  pourroir, 
the  Jjatin  p>rovidere ,  so  that  pur- 
vey is  the  French  form  of  pro- 
vide, the  latter  coming  directly 
from  the  Latin.  It  is  by  common 
usage  restricted  to  the  procuring 
of  provisions.     See  Provision. 

Push,  v.  tr.  Fr.  poussrr^  Lat 
pulsare. 

SrN.  Press.  Drive.  Impel.  Propel. 
Butt.  Thrust.  Urge.  E.\pedite.  Acce- 
lerate.   P.educe. 

jInt.  Pull.    Draw.    Drag.    Adduce. 

Pusillanimity,  n.  Pusillns, 
dim.  of  pusus,  conn,  with  ptier,  a 
little  hoy,  and  animus,  the  mind. 

Syn.  Cowardice.  Dastardliness.  Mean- 
spiritedness.  Faint-heartedness.  Timidity. 
Poltroonery. 

Ant.  Magnanimity.  Fortitude.  Courage. 
Bravery.  Venturesomeness.  Daring. 
Heroism. 

Pusillanimous,      adj.       See 
Pusillanimity. 
Put,  v.  tr.     Dan.  2)iitfe. 

Syn.  Place.    Lay.    Set.     Propose. 
Ant.      Remove.        Raise.       Displace. 
Transfer.    AVithdraw. 

Putative,  adj.  Lat  put  a  fivus, 
ptitare,  to  think. 

Syn.  Reckoned.  Supposed.  Dceme<L 
Reported. 

Ant.  Real.  Authenliaited.  Teritabl* 
Established. 


Si/)ioiujms  and  Antonyms. 


313 


jtVrn),  cidj.  Putidus,  from 
puterc,  to  stink, 

Syn.  Stinking.  Corrupt.  Offensive. 
Rotten.    Foul.    Mean.    Base.    Worthless. 

Akt.  Wholesome.  Sound.  InoiTeiisive. 
Pnre.  Redolent.  Fresh.  Honourable. 
Worthy. 

Putrefy,  v.  tr.,  but  more  com- 
monly intransitive. 

Syn.  Kot.  Corrupt  Decompose.  De- 
cay. 

Ant.  Preserve.  Embalm.  Freshen. 
Vitalize.    Purify.    Depurate.    Disinfect. 

Putrid,  adj.  Lat.  'prdridiis, 
pidrere,  fvom  2^>itris,  rotti-n. 

Sin.  Rotten.  Decayed.  Decomposed. 
Stinking. 

Ant.  Fresh.  Wholesome.  Healthful. 
Sweet. 

Puzzle,  v.  tr.  Low  Germ. 
pusseln,  conn,  with  jjos'\ 

Syn.  Pose.  Perplex.  Embarrass.  Be- 
wilder.   Confound.    Mystify. 

Ant.  Enlighten.    Instruct.    Illumine. 

Puzzle,  ik    Si-e  verb. 

Syn.  Embarrassment.  Bewildernionl. 
Enigma.  Confusion.  Conundrum.  Intri- 
cacy.   Labyrinth. 

Ant.  Disentanglement.  Solution.  J'lx- 
planation.    Extrication.    Clue. 

Q. 

Quack,  n.  From  the  cry. 
One  who  vaunts  his  wares  or 
medicines. 

Syn.    Empiric.     Mountebank.      Charla- 
tan.   Impostor.    Pretender. 
Ant.  Dupe.    Gull.    Victim. 

Quackery,  n.    See  Quack. 
Quaff,  v.  tr.    Swed.  qvd/a,  to 
suffocate,  immerse. 

'Syn.  Drink.    Swallow.    Imbibe. 
Ant.  Disgorge.    Spew.    Vomit. 

Quail,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax.  cwe- 
lai^i,  to  die. 

Syn.  Sink.  Shrink.  Cower.  Succumb. 
Crouch.    Flinch. 

Ant.  Stand.  Defy.  Withstand.  Face. 
Endure. 

Quaint,  adj.  Partly  from 
cognitns,  and  partly  from  conq^- 
tus. 


Syn.  Curious.  RecotJite.  Abstruse. 
Elegant.  Nice.  Affected.  Whimsical. 
Odd.  Antique.  Archaic.  Fanciful.  Siu- 
gular.    Old-fashioned. 

Ant.  Commonplace.  Ordinary.  Usual. 
Coarse.  Common.  Modern.  Modish.  Fa- 
shionable.   Dowdy. 


Quake, 


tnt. 


Ang.    Sax. 


cwactan. 

Syn.  Tremble.  Shake.  Shudder.  Vi- 
brate.    Quiver. 

Ant.  Stand.    Rest.    Root. 

Qualification,  n.  See  Qua- 
lify- 

Syn.  Capacity.  Fitness.  Condition.  Re« 
quirement.    Limitation.    Modification. 

Ant.  Incapacity.  Unfitness.  Absol!;;e- 
ness.  Disqualification.  Non-qualification. 
Unrestrictedness. 

Qualify,  v.  tr.  Lat.  qualis,  such 
as,  and.  facer e,  to  make.  To  make 
such  as  a  state  or  circumstances 
require.  So  to  qualify  a  person 
for  an  office,  or  a  statement  by 
such  limitations  as  the  case  de- 
mands. 

Syn.  Fit.  Prepare.  Adapt.  Capacitate. 
Limit.     Restrict. 

Ant.  Unfit.  Misprepare.  Misqualify. 
DisquaUfy.    Incapacitate.    Free.    Absolve. 

Quality,  n.    See  Qualify. 

Syn.  Condition.  Character.  Sort.  Kind. 
Description.  Capacity.  Power.  Virtue. 
Nature.    Tendency. 

Ant.  Anomalousness.  Heterogeneous- 
ness.  Nondescript.  Incapacity.  Weak- 
ness. Indistinctiveness.  Ineffectiveness. 
Disqualification.    Negation.    Disability. 

Qualm,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  cmeUan, 
to  slay.  An  attack  of  deadly 
sickness.  Used  metaphorically 
for  misgiving  of  the  conscience. 

Syn.  Misgiving.  Remorse.  Scruple. 
Penitence. 

Ant.  Comfort.  Ease.  Self-satisfaction. 
Self-approval. 

Quandary,  «.  Fr.  qu'en  di- 
raije  f  luhat  shall  I  say  of  it  f 

Syn.  Hobble.  Difficulty.  Doubt  Pe> 
plexity.  Bewilderment.  Dubitation.  Halt- 
ing.   Dilemma.    Embarrassment. 

AlT.  Clearsightedness.  Resolution.  PlaiQ- 
ness.  Clearness.  Obviousness.  Facility. 
Disencumbrance.  Disentanglement.  fiw 
embarrassment 


314 


Synonyms  and  Autonyms. 


Quantity,  n.  Lat.  quant  us, 
'tow  much. 

Srw.  Measure.  Amount.  Bulk.  Size. 
Sum.    Portion. 

Ant.  Margin.  Deficiency.  Deduction. 
Want.  Inadequacy.  Scantiness.  Insuffi- 
ciency. Loss.  Deterioration.  Diminution. 
Waste.    Wear.    Leakage. 

Quarrel,  n.  Lat.  querela,  a 
complaint. 

S™.  BrawL  Altercation.  Aflj-ay. 
Squabble.  Feud.  Tumult.  Dispute. 
Wrangle.  "Variance.  Disagreement.  Mis- 
understanding.   Hostility. 

Ant.  Confabulation.  Conversation. 
Chat.  Pleasantry.  Contiliaticm.  Agree- 
ment. Harmony.  UndersUmding.  Friend- 
liness.   Peace.    Amity.    Good- will. 

Quarrel,  v.  int.    See  noun. 
Quarrelsome,      adj.  See 

Quarrel. 

SrN.  Choleric.  Irascible.  Petulant. 
Litigious.     Pugnacious. 

Ant.  Peaceable.  Amenable.  Genial. 
Unquarrelsoine.  Inoffensive.  Mild.  Meek. 
Conciliatory.    Bland.    Suave. 

Quarter,  «.  A  division  of 
space,  especially  one  of  the  four 
quarters  of  the  heavens;  hence 
a  space  or  margin  of  forbear- 
ance. 

Stw.  Mercy.    Forbearance.    Pity. 
Ant.     Extermination.        Mercilessness. 
Dnsparingness.    Pitilessness.    Eulhlessness. 

Quash.  Fr.  casser,  Lat.  quas- 
sare,  from  quatere  qicassum,  to 
shake  to  pieces. 

Stm.  Crush.  Extinguish.  O\erthrow. 
Annihilate.    Annul.     Nullify. 

Ant.  Sap.  Undermiue.  Disorganize. 
Decompose. 

Quaver,  v.  int.  Old  Eng. 
quave,  to  shake.     See  Quake. 

QuEBB,  adj.  Gferm.  queer, 
cross,  athwart. 

Syn.  Odd.  Whimsical.  Quaint.  Cross. 
Strange.    Crotchety. 

Ant.  Ordinary.  Common.  Usual.  Fa- 
miliar.   Customary. 

Quell,  v.  tr.    See  Qualm. 

Syn,  Extinguish.  Crush.  Reduce.  Allay. 
Stifle.    Quiet.     Pacify.    Quench. 

Ant  Foster.  Excite.  Fan.  Aggravate. 
Stir.    Irritate.     Dlsurb.     Raise.    Inflame. 


Quench,  v.  tr.  Aug.  Sar. 
cwencan.     See  Quell. 

QUERIMONIOUS,  adj.  Quert- 
monia,  a  complaint,  from  qmri, 
to  compjlain.  Given  to  complain- 
ing or  resisting. 

Sin.  Malcontent.  Dissatisfied.  Opposi* 
titious.    Litigious. 

Ant.  Contented.  Satisfied.  Complacent 
Amenable.    Conformable. 

Querulous,  adj.  See  Queri- 
monious.  It  has  much  the  same 
meaning  as  querimonious,  but  is 
more  objective  in  its  force,  im- 
plying the  expression  of  the  qua- 
lity of  querimoniousness  in  looky 
manner,  &c. 

SvN.  Quarrelsome  Complaining.  Dis- 
satisfied. Chiding.  Murmuring.  Whining. 
Peevish.    Fastidious.    Irritable. 

Ant.  Easy.  Uncomplaining.  Satisfied. 
Contented.  Submissive.  Genial.  Compla- 
cent.   Cheerful.    Good-tempered. 

Question,  v.  tr.    Lat.  qucestio, 

Stn.  Ask.  Inquire.  Interrogate.  Doubt. 
Investigate.  Dubitate.  Controvert.  Dis- 
pute. 

Ant.  Dictate.  State.  Assert.  Pro- 
nounce. Enunciate.  Concede.  Endorse. 
Affirm.    Grant.    Allow. 

Question,  n.    See  verb. 

Syn.  Inquiry.  Interrogation.  Doubt 
Scrutiny.    Investigation.    Topic. 

Ant.  Reply.  Response.  Solution.  An- 
swer. Explanation.  Admission.  Conces« 
sion. 

Questionable,  adj.  See  Ques- 
tion. 

Stn.  Doubtful.  Dubious.  Problema- 
tical.   Disputable.    Debatable. 

Ant.  Certain.  Evident.  Self-evident 
Obvious.    Indisputable. 

Quibble,  v.  int.  Perhaps  from 
the  Lat.  quid,  what — what  you 
please. 

SvN.  Shuffle.    Evade.    Trifle.    Cavil.' 
Ant.    Reason.    Argue.    Eiiunoiate.    In- 
vestigate.   Discuss. 

Quibble,  n.    See  verb. 

Quick,  adj.  Old.  Eng.  It 
had  originally  the  sense  of  alive, 
as,  'the  quick  and  the    deadj 


Si/nonyms  and  Anronijms. 


now  of  rapid   movement,  as  a 
sign  of  active  life. 

Sro.  F;ist.  Rapid.  Speedy.  Expedi- 
tious. Swift.  Hasty.  Prompt.  Keady. 
Active.  Brisk.  Nimble.  Lively.  Agile. 
Alert.  Sprightly.  Transient.  Intelligent. 
Irascible. 

Ant.  Slow.  Tardy.  Sluggish.  Inert. 
Inactive.    Dull.    Insensitive. 

Quicken,  v.  tr.    See  Quick. 

Stn.  Accelerate.  Animate.  Hasten. 
Urge.    E.\cite.    Promote.    Expeiiite. 

Ant.  Retard.  Delay.  Encumber.  Clog. 
Drag.     Detain.    Discourage.    Allay. 

Quiet,  n.    Lat.  qities. 

Stn.  Rest.  Repose.  Stillness.  Calm. 
Appeasement.   Pacification.  Silence.    Peace. 

Ant.  Unrest,  Motion.  Noise.  Agita- 
tion. E.xcitement.  Disturbance.  Turmoil. 
Tumult. 

Quiet,  v.  tr.    See  noim. 

Stn.  Allay.  Appease.  Still.  Pacify. 
Hush.    Lull.    Tranquillize.    Soothe.    Calm. 

Ant.  Rouse.  Excite.  Disturb.  Agi- 
tate.   Stir.    Urge.    Goad. 

Quit,  v.  tr.  Lat.  quies.  To 
leave  quiet,  that  is,  to  abandon, 
as  a  place  oi'  a  claim. 

Stn.  Leave.  Resign.  Abandon.  Re- 
linquish.   Discharge.    Release. 

Ant.  Seek.  Occupy.  Invade.  Bind. 
Enforce.    Haunt.    Enter. 

Quite,  adv.  Fr.  quitte,  dis- 
charged, free,  clear.  With  the 
sense  of  acquit,  which  is,  literally, 
to  quiet  the  mind  of  any  by  re- 
leasing it  from  obligations  or 
claims,  and  so  leaving  it  quiet. 

SvN.  Perfectly.  Entirely.  Completely. 
Wholly.    Truly. 

Ant.  Partially.  Imperfectly.  Barely. 
Insufficiently.    Hardly. 

Quittance,  v.    Fr.  quittance. 

Something   paid   or   granted    for  |  tiousT*  Superficial.     Extraneous.     Partial. 

the  quieting  of  the  mind  of  a 
debtor. 

Srw.    Discharge.      Absolution.     Remis- 


315 

Plead 


Stn.    Cite.      Name.     Adduce, 
Allege. 

Ant.  Disprove.  Rcfite.  Reto.t.  Op- 
pose. Rebut.  Contradict.  Traverse.  Mis- 
quote.   Misadduce. 


E. 


Eabble,  n.  Old  Fr.  rapaille, 
from  rapcr,  to  rake.  The  rakings- 
or  scrapings  of  the  people. 

Stn.  Crowd.  Mob.  Scum.  Dregs, 
Riff-raff. 

Ant.  Elite.  Aristocracy.  Galaxy. 
Bevy. 

Eabid,  adj.    Lat.  rah'dioi. 

Stn.  Furious.  Raging.  Mad.  Infu- 
riated.   Maniacal.    Frantic. 

Ant.  Rational  Sane.  Reasonable. 
Sober. 

Eacy,  adj.  Fr.  race,  Lat.  radix, 
Eng.  race.  Of  fine  flavour,  as 
indicating  a  fine  source. 

Stn.  Fine-flavoured.  Fresh.  Rich. 
Pungent.    Piquant.    Spirited.    Smart. 

Eaok,  V.  tr.    See  Torture. 
Eadiance,  n.     See  Eadiant. 

Eadiant.  Lat.  radians,  2^(irt. 
of  radiare — from  radius — to  emit 
rays,  especially  of  light. 

Stn.  Beaming.  Lustrous.  Brilliant, 
Glittering.  Splendid.  Luminous.  Glorious^ 
Beauteous. 

Ant.  Dull.    Lustreless.     Non-luminous, 

Eadical,  adj.  Lat.  radix,  a 
root.    Pertaining  to  the  root. 

.Stn.  Original.  Fundamental.  Tho- 
rough-going. Unsparing.  Extreme.  En- 
tire. Innate.  Natural.  Essential.  Im- 
manent. Ingrained.  Underived.  Deep- 
seated. 

Ant.  Derived.     Ascititious.      Advent! 


sion.    Release. 

Akt.  Distraint.    Exaction.    Bond.    Debt. 
Obligation. 

QuiTER,  V.  int.     See  Quaver. 

Quote,    v.    tr.      Lat.    quotas, 
what  in  order,  what  )iumher. 


Moderate.    Conservative.    Acquired. 

Eage.  n.     Lat.  rabies,  Fr.  ragr. 
Any  manifestation  of  imgovenied 


Stn.  Fury.    Rabidity.    Mania.    Psission. 

Madness.     Ferocity. 
j      Ant.    Reason.     Moderation.     Gentleness. 
I  Temperatoness.        Calmness.       Quiescence. 

Mitigation.      Assuagement.      Tranquillity. 
!  Mildness.    Softness. 


316 


Si/)wni/ms  and  Ardomjms. 
Abbrev.    from 


Eaiment,  h 
Arraiment. 

Stn.  Clothing.  Vestments.  Vesture. 
Garments. 

jLnt.  nags.    Nudity.    Nakedness. 

Eaise,  V.  ir.  Ang.  Sax.  rdsian, 
from  rmtn,  to  rise.  Used  mate- 
rially and  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Lift.  Heave.  Elnvate.  Exalt. 
Advance.  Promote.  Heighten.  Enhance. 
Awaken.  Rouse.  Excite.  Cultivate.  Hear. 
IVoduce.  Collect.  Summon.  Erect.  Ori- 
ginate.   Propagate. 

Ant.  Lay.  Cast.  Depress.  Degrade, 
itetard.  Dishonour.  Lower.  Depreciate. 
Lull.  Compose.  Quiet.  Calm.  Blight. 
Destroy.  Disperse.  Disband.  Siifle.  Hush. 
Silence.    Neutralize.    Confute. 

Eally,  V.  tr.  and  inf.  Lat. 
re-aUigare,  to  unite  again,  by 
restoring  the  courage ;  hence 
applied  also  to  individuals,  in 
the  sense  of  inspirit.  To  rally, 
in  the  sense  of  banter,  is,  etymo- 
logically,  a  distinct  word,  and  is 
in  Fr.  railler,  as  the  former,  to 
encourage,  is  rallicr. 

SrN.    Recal.     Reunite.     Inspirit.    Ani- 


mate.   Recover.    Reassure. 
Ant.  Demoralize.     Disperse. 


Disband. 


Eally,  v.  tr.     Fr.  railler. 

Stn.  Banter.  Satirize.  Chaff.  Twit. 
Taunt. 

Ant.  Compliment.  Flatter.  Panegyrize. 
Eulogize. 

Eamble,  V.  int.  Der.  uncer- 
tain. Gomp.  Germ,  rammdn,  to 
tumhh',  or  Lat.  re-ambular'',  or 
possibly  connected  with  Eoam. 

Stn.  Rove.  Roam.  Wander.  Range. 
Stroll.    Saunter. 

Amt.  Course.  Speed.  Hasten.  Drive. 
Bun. 

Eamification,  n.  Lat.  ramus, 
a  branch,  and  facere,  to  make. 
Used  of  the  process  of  causing 
one  or  more  branches  (either 
literally,  as  in  the  growth  of 
trees,  or  metaphorically,  as  tlio 
brnnches  of  a  subject),  and  also 
of  the  branches  so  caused ;  som^ 


times  also,  as  in  botany,  the  mcvle 
of  their  production. 

Stn.  Branching.  Branch.  Off-aDOot. 
Division.    Divergence.    Subdivision. 

Ant.  Line.  Trunk.  Stem.  Bole.  Course. 
Thread.  Sequence.  Continuity.  Prosecu- 
tion. Rectilinearity.  Indivergenco.  Judi- 
vision.    Non-ramification. 

Eamify,  V.  int.  See  Eamifi- 
cation. 

Eampant,  adj.  Ang.  Sax. 
rempend,  rash.  It  expresses  lite- 
rally the  position  which  is  some- 
thing short  of  springing,  which 
in  heraldry  is  expressed  l)y  sa- 
lient, and  is  used  metaphorically 
in  the  sense  of  unbridled.  Its 
opposite  in  heraldi-y  would  bo 
couchant. 

SvN.  Unbridled.  Uncontrolled.  Violent. 
Licentious.     Vehement. 

Ajs-t.  Demure.  Self-restrained.  Self- 
controlled.    Disciplined.    Curbed. 

Eampaet,  «.  Fr.  rcmpart., 
from  remparer,  to  fort  if g. 

Svn.  Bulwark.  Fortification.  Security. 
Wall.  Defence.  Embankment.  Mouud. 
Mole.    Outwork.    Breastwork. 

Ant.  Non-fortification.  Defencelossness. 
Exposure,    Insecurity.    Vulnerability. 

Eancid,  adf,     Lat.  rancid  us. 
Syn.  Sour.  Tainted.  Rank.  Olid.   Keasty. 
Ant.  Sweet.    Pure.    Untainted.    Fresh. 
Fragrant. 

Eancour,  n.  Lat.  rancor.  It 
expresses  hostile  feeling  of  long 
standing. 

Si-N.  Ill-blood.  .Spite.  Grudve.  Ani- 
mosity. Hatred.  Malice.  Malignity.  En- 
mity. Antipathy.  Vindictiveness.  Jlale- 
volence. 

Ant.  Good-feeling.  Friendliness.  Kind- 
liness. Forgiveness.  Geniality.  Sympathy. 
Congeniality.    Unvindictiveness. 

Eandom,«c//.    OldFr.  randon, 
Stn.  Haphazard.  Stray.    Chance.    Wild. 

Aimless.      Purposeless.       Unpremeditated. 

Casual.    Vague.    Accidental. 

Ant.  Steady.    Aimed.     Intended.      Ro« 

guliir.     Controlled.     Purposed.    Intentional. 

Deliberate.    Designed.  Normal.    SystemuUo. 

Eange,  v.  tr.  Fr.  ranger, 
Conn  with  the  Eng.  Eank. 


Sijnonijms  and  Antonijins. 


Stn.  Rank.  IMspuso.  OrJor.  Collocate. 
File.     Coiicatenatf. 

AST.  Disturb.  1  ilsconnect.  Disomor. 
Derange.    Intermit,    Disconnect, 

Bank,  n.     See  Eange. 

Sy>-.  Row.  Line.  Tier.  Order.  De- 
gree.   Grade.    Dignity. 

A>T.  Disconnection.  Disorder,  li  :.n- 
tinuity.  Solution.  Intermission.  Hiatus. 
Plebei'anisni.     ileonness.    Commonalty. 

Eankle,  v.  inf.  From  Eank. 
Ang.  Sax.  ranc,  whicli  meant 
proud,  fruitful,  and  luxui-iant. 

SvN.  Fester.    Smoulder.    Burn. 
Ant.  HL-al.    Cool.    Close. 

Ransack,  v.  tr.  Icel.  ransal-", 
to  e:rj)lore.  Applied  to  rough  ex- 
ploration to  the  extent  of  spoil- 
ing. 

Srs'.  Rummage.  Rifle.  Ravage.  Over- 
haul. 

Ant.  Skim.    Survey.    Reconnoitre. 

Eansom,  V.  tr.  Fr.  rangon, 
Lat.  redemptio. 

SrN.  Redeem.    Release.    Indemnify. 

Ant.  Prosecute.  Indict.  Fine.  Mulct. 
Forfeit.    Damnify. 

Eansom,  ik     See  verb. 

Eant,  n.  South  Germ,  raiit, 
noise. 

Sts.  Bombast.  Rhodomontade.  Flum- 
mery.   Declamation.    Raving. 

Ant.  Reason.  Argument.  Eloquence. 
Logic.    Rlieioric. 

Eapacious,  adj.  Lat.  rapax, 
from  rapere,  to  seize  or  snatch.         i 

Syn.  Greedy.  Ravenous.  Voracious. 
Predaceous.    Avaricious.    Grasping. 

Ant.  Bountiful  Liberal.  Contented.  ^ 
Frugal.  ' 

Eapid,  adj.    Lat.  rapidus.         j 

Stn.  Quick.  Swift.  Speedy.  Accele-  1 
ra'ed.    Flying.  ,  .     „ 

AST.  Slow.  Tardy.  Retarded-  Cum- 
brous.   Lazy. 

Eapidity,  n.    See  Eapid. 

Stn.  quickness.  Swiftness.  Speed.  Ve- 
locity.   Celerity.    Dispatch. 

AST.  Slowness.  Tardiness.  Cumbrous- 
ness.    Delay. 

Eapture,  n.  Sp.  raptiira,  Lat. 
rtpere,  raptus,  to  seize.  The  state 
of  being  seized  or  carried  out  of 


317 


'one's  self  liy  pleasure  or  cxcite- 
'  ment. 

I       SfN.  Tv-stacy.     Transport.     Bliss.     Ra- 
I  vishment. 

I       ANT.  AKony.    Torture.     Pai.n.     I'cdiun*. 
Knnui.    Irk-soniencss. 

I      Eare,  ndj.     Lat.  varv.x. 

I       Stn.  Scarce.    Choice.     Infrequent.     Ex 
cellent.     Few.     Exceptional.     Sparse.    Un- 

1  usual.     Singular.     Uncommon.    Dispersevl. 
Valuable.    Precious.    Thin.    Volatile. 

Ant.  Common.  Frequent.  ^  AbunJant. 
Xnmerous.  Mean.  Ordinary.  Usual.  Re- 
gular. Crowded.  Dense.  Vulgar.  Worth- 
less.   Cheap.    Valueless. 

Earefy  V.  tr.  and  ird.  Tc 
make  rart  in  the  sense. 

Stn.  E.\p.\nd.  Lighten.  Atteauatu. 
Sublimate. 

Akt.  Solidify.    Condense.    Thicken. 

Eascal,  n.  Used  by  Shake- 
speare in  the  sense  of  a  '  worth- 
less deer  '  A  man  of  low  rather 
than  heinous  oifences. 

Stn.  Rogue.  Scoundrel.  Vagabond, 
Knave. 

Ant.  Gentleman. 

Eascality,  n.    See  Eascal. 


Eash,  adj.  Dutch  rasch.  Onca 
used  in  the  simple  sense  of  ener- 
getic, or  acting  or  moving  witt 
rapidity,  as,  Shakespeare,  'rash 
gunpowder;'  now  restricted  to 
energy,  unreflecting  and  heed- 
less. 

Stn.  Headstrong.  Audacious.  Hasty. 
Precipitate.  Reckless.  Foolhardy.  Over- 
venturesome.    Incautious.    Unwary. 

Akt.  Wary.  Cautions.  Calculatini^ 
Discreet.  Unventuresome.  Dubitating.  Hesi- 
tating.   Reluctant.    Timid. 

Eatefy,  V.  tr.  Lat.  ratus,  cal- 
culated, fixed,  and facere,  to  mal-e-. 

Stn.  Sanction.  Seal.  Confirm.  Endorsa 
Secure.    Approve.    Validify.    Establish. 

Axt.  Negative.  Reject.  Repudiate; 
Disaffirm.  InvaUdate.  Abrogate.  Annul. 
Nullify. 

Eatification,  11.  See  Eatify. 
1  Eational,  adj.  Lat.  ratio _ 
reason. 

Sts.  Sane.  Sound.  Intelligent.  Reat 
soniDg.      Reasonable.     Judicious.     Sober 


318 


fjynonyms  and  Antomjms. 


Sensible.    IVobable.    Equitable.    Moderate. 
Fair. 

ANT.  Insane.  Unsound  Weak.  Silly. 
Unintelligent.  Absurd.  Injudicious.  Fan- 
ciful Kxtravagaiit.  Preposterous.  Un- 
reasoning. Unreasonable.  Irrational.  Ex- 
orbitant. 

Eavagk,  v.  tr.  Low  Lat.  i-a- 
pa(/iu/n,  from  raj>ere,  to  snatch  or 
seize. 

Stn.  Spoil.  Devastate.  Despoil.  De- 
•Btrov.  Desolate.  Ransaclc.  Waste.  Ruin. 
Plunder. 

Akt.  Spare.  Conserve.  Preserve.  In- 
demtiily. 

EavB,  V.  int.  Fr.  rever,  to 
dream,  or  he  delirious.  It  is  some- 
times used  as  a  transitive  verb, 
but  oniy  with  an  accusative, 
whicli  lias  a  cognate  sense,  as, 
■'he  raved  nonsense' — the  non- 
sense being  the  subject-matter  of 
the  raving. 

Srs-.  Wander.    Drivel.    Rant 
Ant.  Converse.    Reason.    Discourse. 

Eavel.  Old  Dutch  ravelen. 
"•f  old  used  intransitively,  now 
";nly  as  a  transitive  verb. 

Stn.  Separate.  Undo.  Untwist  Un- 
■wind.     Disentangle. 

It  is  singular  that  the  word 
itself  should  have  two  opposite 
senses,  yet  the  reason  is  not  ob- 
scure ;  the  dealing  with  many 
threads,  even  where  the  purpose 
is  disentanglement,  is  very  likely 
to  lead  to  the  opposite  result; 
w^hence,  also. 

Ant.  Entangle.  Complicate.  Conglo- 
tnerate.    Confuse. 

Eavenous,  adj.  Prob.  conn, 
not  with  Eaven  but  Eapine,  but 
restricted  by  usage  to  matter  of 
food. 

S\-N.  Voracious.  Hungry.  Gluttonous. 
Rapacious.    Omnivorous. 

Ant.  Listless.  Inappetent.  Fastidious. 
Dainty.     Nice. 

EAViNa,  adj.    See  Kave. 
Eaw,  adj.      Ang.  Sax.  hrcaw. 
Used    in    many     metaphorical 


Syn.  Uncooked.  T.  nprepared.  D'o« 
finished.  Unripe.  Crude.  Unseasoned.  In- 
experienced, Fresh.  Green.  Unpractised. 
Untried.  Bare.  Raid.  Exposed.  Galled. 
Chill.     Bleak.    Piercing. 

Ant.  Cooked.  Dressed.  Prepared. 
Finished.  Ripe.  Slature.  Mellow.  Sea- 
soned. Experienced.  Expert.  Adept. 
Habituated.  Familiar.  Practised.  Trained. 
Tried.    Covered.    Healed.    Balmy.    GeuiaL 

Eaze,  V.  tr.     Fr.  ruzer. 

Stn.  Demolish.  Level.  Prostrate.  Sub- 
vert.   Reduce.    Ruin.    Destroy.    Debase. 

Akt.  Raise.  Erect.  Build.  Rear.  Re- 
pair.   Restore. 

Eeach,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  rcpccan,  to  extend. 

&TS.  Extend.  Thrust  Stretch.  Attain. 
Gain.    Grasp.    Penetrate.    Strain.    Aim. 

Ajtt.  Fail.  Stop.  Cease.  Revert.  Re- 
bate.   Miss.    Drop. 

Eeact,  V.  ird.  Be,  luch,  and 
act. 

Srx.  Recoil.  Result  Counteract.  Re- 
bound. 

Ant,  Act  Influence.  Strike.  Im- 
press. 

Eead,  I',  tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  redan. 

Stn.  Peruse.  Interpret  Discover.  Re- 
cognize.   I^ecipher.    Learn. 

Ant.  Blisread.  Misinterpret  Overlook 
^ilisobserve. 

Eeadiness,  n.    See  Eeady. 

Eeady,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  rdd, 
rcede.  Applied  botiti  to  things 
and  persons. 

Stn.  Prompt.  Alert.  Expeditious 
Speedy.  Unliesitating.  Dexterous.  Apt 
Skilful.  Handy.  Expert  Facile.  Easy. 
Opportune.  Fitted.  Prepared.  Disposed. 
Willing.  Free.  Cheerful.  Compliant  Re- 
sponsive.   Quick. 

ant.  Unready.  Tardy.  Slow.  Hesi- 
tating. Reluctant.  Dubi:ating.  Awkward. 
Unhandy.  Clumsy.  Remote.  Inaccessible. 
Unavailable.  Inopportune.  Unsuited.  Un- 
fitted. Unprepared.  Indisposed.  Unwil. 
ling.  Constrained.  Grudging.  Unaccom- 
modating,   lucompliant    Irresponsive. 

Eeal,  adj.  Low  Lat.  real  is, 
from  res,  a  tiling.  It  has  in  law 
the  technical  sense  of  pertaining 
to  lauds  and  tenements. 

Svs.  Actuid.  VerlUble.  Existent  True. 
Uetmine.     Developed. 

Axi.   Fictitlou:^      la  aginary.     UuraaL 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


319 


Non-czisteDt.  Untrue.  False.  Artificial. 
Spurious.  Couiiterffit.  Factitious.  Adul- 
terated. Assumed.  Pretended.  Potential. 
Possible. 

Eealitt,  n.     See  Eeal. 

Sra.  Verity.  Subaance.  'i'ruth.  Exist- 
ence.   Genuineness.    Substantiality. 

Akt.  Fiction.  Falsehood.  Untruth. 
Hypothesis.  Supposition.  Image.  Fancy. 
Shadow.  Figment.  Fubrioition.  Jiisub- 
stantiality.  Emptiness.  Hollowncss.  Chi- 
mera.   Unreality. 

Realize,  v.  tr.     See  Eeal. 

Si-N.  Substantiate.  Effectuate.  Accom- 
plish. FIxhibit.  Produce.  Acquire.  Gain. 
Ileap.    Make.    Verify.    Conceive. 

Ant.  Lose.  Miss.  Invalidate.  Dissi- 
pate. Misrepresent.  Falsify.  Neutralize, 
ilisconceive. 

Eeally,  arJv.     See  Eeal. 

Sts.  Veritably.  Truly.  Indeed.  Un- 
Questionably. 

AsT.  Questionably.  Possibly.  Perhaps. 
Falsely.    Untruly.    Fictitiously. 

Eb,vp,  V.  tr.  Ang.  Sa^c.  repan, 
tu  seize.  Used  metaphoiically,  as, 
to  '  reap  a  reward.' 

Syn.  Gather.  Obtain.  Realize.  Derive. 
Gain. 

Ant.  Scatter.  Squander.  Dissipate. 
^^'aste.     Lose. 

Eear,  n.  Old  Fr.  rkr,  Lat. 
iX'tro,  bacJacards. 

Syn.  Back.    End.    TaU. 
A^T.  Van.    Front.    Face. 

Eear,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  rcsran, 
to  raise. 

Syn.  Raise.  Lift.  Elevate.  Erect. 
Train.  Educate.  Instruct.  Foster.  Esta- 
blish.   Construct. 

Ant.  Stifle.  Extinguish.  Kill.  Depress. 
Subvert.    Demolish.    Destroy. 

Ebason,  n.  Fr.  raison,  Lat. 
ratio.  Used  for  the  gift  of  rea- 
son, the  faculty  of  reasoning,  and 
the  princi])le  of  right  of  judg- 
ment, or  what  is  consonant  with 
them. 

Syn.  Ground.  Account.  Cause.  Ex. 
planation.  Motive.  Proof.  Apology.  Un- 
<ii  rstanding.  Reasoning.  Itationality.  Right. 
Propriety.  Justice.  Order.  Object.  Sake. 
Purpose. 

Ant.  Pretext.  Pretence.  Misinterpre- 
tation. FaUification.  Misconception.  Dis- 
proof.   Un'€35onableness.   Absurdity.    Fal- 


lacy. Irrationality.  Wrong.  V'nreason. 
Impropriety.  Unfaimess.  Folly.  Aimless- 
ness.    Unaccountableness. 

Eeasonable,  adj.  See  Ea- 
tional. 

Eeassuee,  v.  tr.  JRe  and  as- 
sure. 

Syn.  Rally.  Restore.  Encourage.  In- 
spirit.     Animate.     Countenance. 

Ant.  Disconrafie.  Cow.  Brow-beat. 
Intimidate.    Discountenance. 

Eebel,  V .    He  and  helium,  tuar. 

Stn.  Revolter.    Insurgent. 
Ant.  Supporter.    Adherent. 

Eebel,  V.  int.     See  noun. 

Eebound,  n.  Be  and  bound, 
from  Fr.  hondir,  to  leap. 

Syn.  Reaction.  Ricochet.  Reverbera- 
tion.    Recoil.     Resilience. 

Ant.  Impression.  Impact.  Collision. 
Percussion. 

Eebuff,  v.  tr.  Ee  and  buff, 
from  the  Old  Fr.  lufer,  to  buffet. 

Stn.  Rebuke.  Discouragement.  Re- 
pubion.    Check. 

-tJit.  Welcome.  Acceptance.  Encou- 
ragement. 

Eebuke,  V.  tr.  Der.  uncertain. 
Probably  more  than  one  word 
have  been  confounded  in  tha 
syllable  buhe,  as  the  Fr.  louche, 
mouth ,  and  Icel.  bucka,  to  subdue. 

Syn.  Reprove.  Chide.  Rebuff.  Cen- 
sure. 

Ant.  Approve.  Encourage.  Eulogize. 
Applaud.    Incite. 

Eebut,  V.  tr.    Be  and  Old  Fr. 

boter,  to  push  or  thrust. 

Syn.  Meet.    Retort.    Annul.    Confute. 

Ant.  Accept.  Sanction.  Recognize. 
Confirm. 

Eecal,  V.  tr.     Be  and  call. 

Stn.  Restore.  Reassemble.  Revoke. 
Supersede.    Recollect.    Remember,    ('ancel. 

Ant.  Relegate.  Dismiss.  Dispens*'. 
Delegate.    Appoint.    Commission,     i'orget. 

Eecant,  V.  tr.  Becantare.  To 
imdo  or  recal  a  former  recitation 
or  formal  expression  of  opinion. 

Syn.  Retract.  Unsay.  Recal.  Revoke 
Abjure.    Renounce. 

Ant.  Propound.  Profess.  Assert,  lie. 
Clare.  Enunciate.  V'Bdicate.  Vttintaiijv 
Hold.    Retain. 


320 


Si/nont/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Eecapitulate,  v.  tr.  To  go 
over  again  the  heads  (atpitulum, 
dim.  of  caput,  a  head)  of  a  recent 
statement. 

Srs.  Summarize.    Rcjearse. 
Ant.  State.    Deliver.    Propomid. 

Eecede,  V.  int.  Lat.  recedere, 
to  qo  hack. 

'&TS.  Retire.  Withdraw.  Retreat.  Re- 
trograde.   Return.    Ebb. 

Ant.  Approach.  Advance.  Flow.  Pro- 
ceed. 

Receive,  v.  tr.    Lat.  recipere. 

Stx.  Take.    Accept.    Admit.    Hold. 
Ant.  Give.     Impart.      Afford.     Reject. 
Discharge.     Kmit. 

Eeceited,  adj.    See  Eeceive. 

Six.  Accepted.  Current.  Ordinary. 
Common. 

Ant.  Rejected.  Exceptional.  Unusual. 
Uncommon. 

Eecent,  ocJ).     Lat.  recens. 

Stn.  Late.     New.     Fresh.    Novel. 
AXT.   Ancient    Antiquated.    Primitive. 
Archaic. 

Eeceptacle,  «.  Lat.  recep- 
facidum,  a  place  for  receiving, 
from  rtciperf,  to  receive. 

Sin.  Repository.  Lodgment.  Reci- 
pient.   Uagazine.    Store.    Case.    Berth. 

-\nt.  Carrier.  Carriage.  Conveyance. 
Discharger.    Consigner. 

Eeception,  n.    See  Eeceive. 

Sin.  Admission.  Admittance.  Accept- 
ance.   Acceptation.    Entertainment 

Ant.  Denial.  Protest  Repudiation. 
Rejection.  Son-acceptance.  Dismissal. 
Discardment.    P.enunciation.    Abjuration. 

Eecess,  n.  Lat  recesms,  fiam 
recedere,  to  recede  or  retire.  Used 
physically  and  analogously. 

SrN.  Cavity.  Nook.  AVithdrawal.  Re- 
tirement Retreat  Seclusion.  Privacy, 
Vaci\tiiin.    Holiday. 

Ant.  Promontory.  Protrusion.  Pro- 
jection.   Publicity.    Work-time. 

Eecipient,  n.    See  Eeceptacle. 

Eecipeocal,  adj.      Beciproaif!. 
SvN.  Alternate.    Interchanged.    Mutual. 
Interchangeable.    Reflexive. 

The  difference  between  reci- 
procal and  mutual  is  mainly  in 
point  of  time  or  order.  Mutual 
love  is  love  interchanged  betweer 


two ;  reciprocal  would  be  love  it> 
turned  by  one,  in  return  for  that 
of  the  other. 

Akt.  One-sided.     Unreciprocated.     Un- 

returned. 

Eecipeocation,  n.  Ebcipro- 
CITY,  n.     See  Eeciprocal. 

Eeoite,  v.  tr.     Lat.  recitare. 
Stn.  Narrate.    Rehearse.    Quote.  SpeaK. 
Tell.    Ilecount    Enumerate. 

Ant.  Misquote.  Misdeliver.  Misre- 
I  count.    Misremunerate.    Misrepresent. 

Eeckless,  adj.  Old  Eng. 
reck,  to  care,  and  less,  the  termi- 
native  privative. 

SvN.  Careless.  Heedless.  Incautious. 
Foolhardy.  Thoughtless.  Rash.  Over- 
venturesome.  Regardless.  Inconsiderable. 
Improvident. 

Ant.  Careful.  Heedful.  Cautious.  Timid. 
Chary.  Thoughtful.  Calculating.  Provl. 
dent    Considerate,    ^\'ary.    Circumspect. 

Eeckon,  V.  tr.  and  ird.  Ang. 
Sax.  recnan,  reaiiait. 

Stn.  Compute.  Calctilate.  Count.  Re- 
gard. Estimate.  Value.  Accoimt  Con- 
sider.   Argue.    Infer.    Judge. 

Ant.  iliscumpute.  Miscalculate.  Mis- 
I  estimate.    Misreckon.    Misdeceive. 

Eeckoning,  n.    See  Eeckon. 

Eeclaim,  v.  tr.  Lat.  recla- 
mare,  to  reclaim,  from  re,  back, 
and  clarnare,  to  call :  as  land  from 
barrenness,  or  a  character  from 
evil  habits. 

Stn.  Reform.  Recal.  Recover.  Rescue. 
I  Restore.    Amend.    Convert.     Better. 

Ant.  Vitiate.  Corrupt.  Steriliza 
■Worsen. 

Eeclaimable,  adj.  See  Ee- 
claim. 

Stn.  Recoverable.  Amendable.  Corri- 
gible. Convertible.  Improvable.  Calti> 
vable.    Redeemable. 

Ant.  Irrecoverable.  Incorrigible.  Ub- 
improvable.  Reprobate.  Desperate.  Hope- 
I  kss.    Irredeemable. 

j      Eecline,  v.  tr.  and  i)it.    Ft. 

I  rtc/iiitr,  Lat.  reclinart. 
I        Sr>-.  Lean.    Slope.    Re.<t.    Repi^se. 
Ant.  Erect    Raise     Rise.    Stand. 

I  Eecluse,  adj.  Fr.  rtcJus,  Lat. 
'  rtciusv.s.    It  is  remarkalle.how- 


Si/non>jnis  and  AntonijinH. 


321 


8Vor,  tliat  the  modern  word 
means  tlie  contrary  of  the  Latiu 
which  means  not  shut  np,  bnt 
open,  i-f  having  the  sense  of  tlie 
English  prefix  im;  so  dander e, 
to  shut,  rcdudere,  to  unshut  or 
<>pe7K  It  is  used  of  places  and 
persons. 

Stn.  Shut.  Sequestered.  Retired.  Apart. 
Solitary.    Conventual.    Regular.    Dissocial. 

Ant.  Public.  Exposed.  Frequented. 
Social.  Secular.  Unsequestered.  Convi- 
vial.   Companionable. 

Eecognition,  n.  See  Eecog- 
nize. 

Ekcognize.     Lat.  recognoscere. 

Srs.  Identify.  Acknowledge.  Avow. 
Own.    Allow. 

Ant.  Ignore.  Overlook.  Misobserve. 
Repudiate.    Disavow.    Disown.    Disallow. 

Eecoil,  V.  int.  Fr.  render, 
Lat.  re  and  cuius,  the  hinder  parts 
of  the  lody,  and  so  to  fall  back- 
wards.    iSee  Eebound. 

Eecollect,  v.  tr.  Lat.  re, 
again,  and  coUigere,  to  collect. 

Stn.  Recover.    Recal.    Remember. 

Ant.  Forget.    Lose. 

Eecommend,  V.  tr.  Lat.  re  and 
commendare.  To  commend  to 
favoru-able  notice,  either  as  a 
person  or  an  object,  or  a  line  of 
conduct. 

Stn.  Commend.  Confide.  Approve. 
Advise. 

Ant.  Disccmmcud.  Disapprove.  Warn. 
Dissuade. 

Eecompense,  V.  tr.     Ee  and 

compensare.     To  compensate. 

Stn.  Requite.  Remunerate,  Reward. 
Indemnify.    Satisfy.    Repay. 

Amt.  Damnify.  Injure.  Mlsrequite. 
Dissatisfy. 

Eecompense,  n.    See  verh. 
Eeconcilable,  adj.    See  'Re- 
concile. 

Stn.  Congruous.  Harmonious.  Con- 
Bistcnt.     Forgiving. 

Akt.  Incongruous.  Antagonistic.  In- 
roT)«istent.  Incompatible.  IrrecocciUble. 
ittini'jble.    Unforgiving. 


Eeconcile,  V.  tr.  7?r ,  hack,  and 
concilium,  a  coimcil.  To  restore 
to  union  or  friendship.  Used  of 
the  agreement  of  persons,  and  of 
persons  with  states  or  opinions. 

Stn.  Unite.  Conciliate.  Harmonize. 
Adjust.    Adapt.    Suit.    Reunite. 

Ant.  Separate.  Sever.  Dissever.  Wi- 
trange.    Disharmonize.    Derange.    Alienate. 


Eecondite,  adj.  Lat.  recoii- 
dcrc,  to  hide. 

Stn.  Deep.  Hidden.  Abstruse.  Pro- 
found.   Concealed.    Remote. 

Ant.  Superficial.  Obvious.  Self-evi- 
dent.   Patent.    Familiar.    Trite. 

Eecoed,  V.  tr.  Lat.  recordari, 
to  remember. 

Stn.  Register.    Kntor. 

Ant.  Cbliviate.    Silentiate.    Suppress. 

Eecoed,  n.     See  verh. 

Stn.  Registi-y.  Entry.  Enrolment. 
Muniment.  Instrument.  Archive.  Menu<- 
raudum.    Remembrance. 

Ant.  Obliteration.  Oblivion.  Non- 
registration. Desuetude.  Obsolescence. 
Immemoriality.    Disrcmembrance. 

Eecount,  V.  tr.  Re  comjni- 
tare. 

Stn.  Rehearse.  Recite.  Narrate.  De- 
tail.    Enumerate.     Specify. 

Ant.  Falsify.  Misrecite.  Misnarrate. 
Misenumerale.    Misrehearse. 

Eecouese,  n.     Lat  recursv.s. 

Stn.  Reference.  Aid.  Application. 
Betaking.    Refuge. 

Ant.  Avoidance.  Independence.  Omis- 
sion.   Abstinence.    Dispensation.    Disuse. 

Eecover,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
recu2)era7r. 

Stn.  Regain.  Repossess.  Resume.  Re- 
trieve. Recruit.  Ileal.  Cute.  Revive. 
Restore.    Reanimate.    Save. 

Ant.  Lose.  Forfeit.  Miss.  Sacrifice. 
Deteriorate.  Impair.  Decay.  Decline. 
Relapse. 

Eecovebable,  adj.  See  Ee< 
cover. 

Eecovery,  n.    See  Eecover. 

SiN.  Repossession.  Regaining.  Rein- 
statement Vindication.  Renovation.  Re- 
stitution. Re-establlshment.  Retrieval 
Rectification.  Replacement.  Keanini* 
tlon.  Resuscilaliou.  Revi- aL  Redia5[> 
ilon. 


322 


Sijnomjms  and  Antonynn. 


Akt.  T/5SS.  Forfeiture.  Privation.  De- 
prlval.  Sacrifice.  Abiuidonment.  lielapse. 
Retrogression.  Decay.  Declension.  Incur- 
ableness.     Ruin. 

Recreant,  adj.  Lat.  recre- 
df.re  se,  to  give  on<:'s  self  uji  to  the 
mercy  of  an  antagonist,  and  cry 
off  battle ;  hence,  a  term  of  igno- 
miny. 

Syk.  Apostate.  Traitorous.  False. 
Cowardl}'.  Unfaithful.  Iteiiogade.  Base. 
Recusant. 

Ant.  Staunch.  True.  Faithful.  Clii- 
valrous.  Knightly.  Gallant.  Loyal.  Re- 
doubtable. 

Ebcreatiok,  7i.  Fr.  recreer, 
Lat.  rtcreare,  to  create  aneiv,  or 
inake/nsh.  By  usage  restricted 
to  such  relaxation  of  the  mind 
by  amusement  as  tends  to  re- 
freshment. 

SvN.  Refreshment  Cheer.  Reanima- 
ticn.  Amusement.  Diveruion.  Revival. 
Holiday.    Sport.    Pastime.    Relaxation. 

Akt.  Weariness.  Toil.  Lassitude.  La- 
bour. Fatigue.  Employment  Assiduity. 
"Work. 

Eecriminate,  V.  ir.  and  int. 
See  Recrimination. 

Recrimination,  «.  Lat.  re, 
hack,  and  crimm,  an  accusation. 

Syn.  Retort.  Counter-imputation.  Coun- 
ter-charge.   Counter-accusation. 

Ant.  Acquiescence.  Acceptance.  Con- 
fession.   Silence.    Assent.    Avowal. 

Rkceuit,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fr. 
vccroitre,  Lat.  recrescere. 

Stn.  Repair.  Refresh.  Renew.  Re- 
store. Recover.  Recreate.  Invigorate. 
Revive.    Reinforce. 

Ant.  Waste.  Lose.  Impair.  Relapse. 
Decay.    Decline. 

Rectify,  v.  tr.  llectus,  straight 
or  right,  and  facere,  to  make, 
especially  with  the  imphed  mean- 
ing of  former  derangement. 

Stn.  Straighten.  Correct.  Amend. 
Emend.  Reform.  Redress.  Regulate.  R©- 
»rrange.     Remodel. 

Ant.  Pervert.  Corrupt.  Derange.  Dis- 
■rder.    Distort. 

Rectilisrar,  adj.  liectus, 
it':ii>j!t,  and  lin  o,  n  Itw. 


Stn.  Straight.  Undevialing.  Rigl.1- 
lined.    Point-blank. 

Ant.  Curvilinear.  Deflexed.  Winding 
Tortuous.    Curved.    Serpentine. 

Rectitude,  n.  Lat.  red  ex. 
Straightforwardness  of  character. 

Srx.  Straightforwardness.  Uprightne-*. 
Conscientiousness.  Integrity.  Right.  Uj>- 
rightness.    Incorruptness. 

Ant.  Obliquity.  Perverseness.  Crooked- 
ness. Tortuousness.  .  Wrong.  Underhanded- 
ness.  Iniquity.  Immorality.  Impropriety. 
Depravity.    Corruption. 

Recumbent,  adj.  Lat.  recum- 
hens,  part,  of  recumbere,  to  be 
doiini. 

St.v.  Lying.  Trailing.  Reclining.  Pro- 
strate.   Reposing.    Horizontal. 

Ant.  Vertical.  Erect  Utlnclined. 
Standing. 

Recur,  v.  int.  See  Recur- 
rent. 

Recurrent.  Eecurrens,  part. 
of  recurrere,  from  re,  back  again, 
and  currere,  to  run,  esjjecially  at 
stated  times. 

Stn.  Returning.  Periodic.  Frequent, 
Repeated.    Reiterated.    Intermittent 

Ant.  Momentary.  Continuous.  Un- 
broken. Unintermitted.  Solitary.  Transi 
tory.    Evanescent. 

Recusant,  adj.  Lat.  recusare, 
to  declare  back,  from  re  and  causa, 
a  cause.  See  Recreant,  wliich, 
however,  has  a  more  rmfavour- 
able  sense. 

Rbdkeii,  v.  tr.  liedimere,  from 
re,  back,  and  emere,  to  buy.  This 
may  be  by  any  kind  of  expendi- 
ture, as  pains  and  labour,  beside 
money. 

Stn.  Repurchase.  Regain.  Retrieve. 
Ransom.  Liberate.  Rescue.  Recover 
Satisfy.    Fulfil.    Discharge. 

Ant.  Pledge.  Lose.  Forfeit  Aban- 
don.   Betray.    Surrender.    Sacrifice. 

Rbdekmablb,  adj.  See  Re- 
deem. 

Six.  Retrievable.  Recoverable.  R»- 
serviible. 

Ant.    Irretrievable.     Irrecoverable,    is 


tynoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


323 


Redemption,  h.    See  Eedeem. 

8tn.  Repurchase.  Ketrieval.  Ransom. 
Ktsciie.  Kecovery.  Saiisfaction.  Fulfil- 
niotit  '  DIscbarpe.  Expiation.  Compen- 
sutio.o.  Atonemeut.  Salvation,  Indemni- 
li&uion. 

AST.  Forfeiture.  Abandonment.  T-oss. 
IVprivation.  Sacrifice.  Betrayal.  Daiuui- 
flcaljon. 

Ekdolenck,    n.     Eedolere,   to 

smell  sweetly. 

Srs.  Perfume.    Savour.    Scent.    Odour. 
AxT.  Fetor.    Stink.    lU-savour.    Stench. 

Eedouble,  V.  int.  Be  and 
double,  from  dupllcare. 

Stn.  Augment.  Multiply.  Intensify, 
lieiterate. 

Ant.  Piminish.  Slacken.  Weaken. 
Reduce.    Abate. 

Eedottnd,  v.  int.  Be  and  un- 
da,  a  ivave,  followed  by  the  prep. 
to. 

Stn.  Result.  Issue.  Tend.  Accrue, 
xintribute.    Lead.    Incline.    Conduce. 

AST.  Fail.  Miss.  Swerve.  Nullify. 
Defeat.    Disappoint.    Frustrate.    Injure. 

Eedeess,  V.  fr.  Lat.  rediri- 
(jere,  to  redirect,  or  set  straight 
or  right  again,  Fr.  redresser, 
It.  ridrizza're.  More  commonly 
used  of  wrongs,  but  sometimes 
of  the  persons  wronged. 

Syn.  Right.  Order.  Revise.  Amend, 
Rectify.    Remedy.    Repair. 

Ant.  Aggravate.  Impair.  Wrong, 
Wfirsen.  Intensify.  Establish.  Confirm. 
Reiterate.    Sanction.    Deepen.    Perpetuate 

Eeduce,  V.  tr.     Lat.  reducere. 

SvN.  Lessen.  Diminish.  Curtail.  At- 
tenuate. Impoverish.  Narrow.  Contract. 
Weaken.  Impair.  Subdue.  Subjugate. 
Britig.  Refer.  Subject.  Classify.  Con- 
vert. 

Ant.  Enlarge.  Magnify.  Increa.se. 
Augment.  Produce.  Kxtend.  Amplify. 
Broaden.  Expand.  Renovate.  Invigo- 
rate. Restore.  Repair.  Lil)crate.  Free. 
Exc:pt.    Dissociate.    Transform. 

Eeduction,  n.    See  Eeduce. 

Eedtjndant,  adj.  See  Ee- 
dound. 

Syn.  Superfluous.  Excessive.  Unne- 
oessary. 

A>t.   Re<iuisite.    Defective.    Necessary, 


Ekfse,  V.  tr.  ai.d  int.  Lat. 
referre. 

Syn.  Attribute.  Associate.  Assign, 
Advert.  Coimcct.  Relate.  Point.  Belong. 
Allude.     Aiiply.     Appeal. 

Ant.  Disconnect.  Dissociate.  Mis- 
apply. Jlisappertain.  Alienate.  Misl;e- 
scem.    Disresumble. 

Eefbree,  n.    See  Eefer. 

Syn.  Umpire.    Arbitrator. 

Ant.  Litigant.    Opponent.    Adversary. 

Eeference.    See  Eefer. 

Eefinement,  n.  Fr.  raffinc- 
ment.  Used  of  refining  mate- 
rially, or  the  result  of  such  pro- 
cess, and,  analogously,  of  the  free- 
dom or  liberation  from  what  is 
morally  coarse. 

Syn.  Clarification.  Purification.  Filtra- 
tion. Sublimation.  Polish.  Elegance.  Cul- 
tivation. Civilization.  Subtilty.  Finesse. 
Sophistry. 

Ant.  Turbidity.     Crossness.     Foulness. 
Coarseness.  Impurity.  Unrefinemejt. 
ness.    Inelegance.    Hoorishness.    "^^ 
Bluntness.    Unsophislicateduess. 

Eefit,  V.  tr.     lie  and  fit. 

Syn.  Repair.  Rearrange.  Readjust. 
Reprovide.    Reinstate.    Reorganize. 

Ant.  Relegate.  Disuse.  Discard.  Ks- 
orgauize.    Dismantle. 

Eeflect,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
reihctere.  to  turn  or  lend  buck. 

■  Syn.  Return.  Image.  Mirror.  Exhi- 
bit. Consider.  Think.  Cogitate.  Meditate. 
Contemplate.  Ponder.  Muse.  Ruminate. 
Heed.     Advert.    Animadvert. 

Ant.  Divert  Dissipate.  Idle.  Pr"am. 
Wander.  Rove.  Star-gaze.  Wool-gather. 
Connive.    Disregard.    Overlook. 

Eeflection,  n.    See  Eeflect. 
Eeflux,    n.      He,  hack,  and 
flu.r. 

Syn.  Return.    Ebb.    Redound. 
Ant.  Flow.    Flux.    Stream. 

Eefobm,  V.  tr.  and  int.  He 
and  forma.    To  form  anew. 

Stn.  Amend.  Correct.  Rectify.  Bet- 
ter. Reclaim.  Regenerate.  Remodel.  Re- 
constitute.   Reorganize,    improve. 

Ant.  Corrupt  V'itiate.  Worsen.  Dcw- 
riorat*?.  Perpetuate.  Staliilitate.  Confirm. 
Impair.    Deform.    Stereotype. 

Eefr ACTION,  ».     7/e,  trtcA-,  and 

f n  inner  e,  fr  actus,  to  break. 


324 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


UTS.  nisradiatiou.    Obliquitv. 
Ant.   Jiicidenco.     RectUiiicaiity.     Xon- 
rofmciion. 

Eefeactort,  ail).  See  Ee- 
fraction.  Breaking  aside  from 
Jie  line  of  regulation  or  right. 

SiTJ.  Perverse.  Contuuiacious.  Stublxjrn. 
Tnruly.  Obstinate.  Unmanageable,  llu- 
tinoiis.    Rebellious.    Recalcitrant. 

Ant.  Obedient.  Docile.  Amenable. 
Manageable. 

Ebfeagable,  adj.  Lat.  i?e- 
/raf/uri,  to  oppose  w  resist.  Ca- 
pable of  being  refuted,  as,  an  ar- 
gument. 

Stn.  Refutable.  Weak.  Questionable 
Deniable.    Fallacious. 

Ant.  Irrefragable.  Sound.  Indisput- 
able.   Unquestionable.    Undeniable. 

Refrain,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  The 
transitive  use  seems  to  have  be- 
come almost  obsolete.  The  word 
originally,  to  judge  from  the  old 
French  form  was  {refraindre,  re- 
fraigner)  derived  from  the  Latm 
ref ranger e ;  but,  gradually  taking 
up  into  itself  more  and  more 
vividly  the  idea  of  refrenare,  to 
bridle  back  or  hold  in,  is  exjaresscd 
by  the  modern  French  refrener. 

Stn.  Forbear.    Hold.    Abstain.    Keep. 
Ant.      Indulge.      Venture.      Continue. 
Persist. 

EefESSH,  v.  Zr.  Fr.  rafraivhir, 
fraichejnsh. 

Sy.v.  Cool.  Refrigerate.  Invigorate. 
Kevive.  Reauimate.  Renovate.  Recreate. 
JJenew.    Restore.    Cheer.     Freshen.    Brace. 

Ant.  Heat.  Oppress.  Weary.  Burden. 
Afflict.  Annoy.  Tire.  Fatigue.  Exhaust. 
Debilitate.    Enervate.    Relax. 

Eefreshment,  n.  See  Ee- 
fi-esh,  with  the  peculiar  sense 
also  of  food. 

EefuGE,  n.  Lat.  refngiian, 
re  and  fugere,  to  fit/.  A  place  to 
fly  to. 

S™.  Protection.  Shelter.  Harbour. 
A.sylum.  Retreat.  Covert.  Hosjiitality. 
e>anctuary.    Hiding-place. 

AST.  Exposure,  inhospitahleness.  PerU. 
IttlsO.    Snare.    Scylla.    CbarvMia. 


I     Eefund,  V.  tr.    To  ])aj  back 
into  its  former  fund. 

Stn  Repay.    Return.     Reimbur«i'. 

Ant.  Appropriate.  Withhold.  Divert. 
Misapply.  Embezzle.  Alienate.  Misap- 
propriate.     Expend.     Misspend. 

Eefuse,  V.  tr.  and  int.  The 
word  seems  to  have  been  formed 
partly  from  refutare  and  partly 
from  recusare. 

SrN.  Deny.    Withhold.    Reject. 

Ant.  Grant.  Afford.  Yield.  Concede. 
Acquiesce. 

Eefuse,  n.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Offal.  .Scum.  Dregs.  Sediment. 
l\ecrement.  Sweepings.  Dross.  Trash 
OffscourinL's.    i)ebris.    Remains. 

AxT.  Cream.  Pickings.  First-fruits, 
r  lower.     Prime. 

Eefutb,  v.  fr.     Lat.  refutare. 
Negative.    Disprove.    Neutralize- 


Stn 

Ant.  Prove. 


C«mfirni.    Establish. 

Eefutable,  adj.     See  Eefute 
and  Eefragable. 
Eegain,  v.  fr.     Be  and  gain. 

Stn.  Recover.  React.  Renrocure.  Re- 
obtain.    Retrieve. 

Ant.  Miss.    Lose.    Forfeit. 

Eegal,  adj.  Begalis,  rex,  a 
king.     Used  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Kingly.  Royal.  Splendid.  Impe- 
rial.   Maimificent.    Princely. 

Ant.  Beggarly.  Miserly,   aiean.  Shabby. 

Eegale,  V.  tr.  To  entertain 
in  a  royal  or  princely  way. 

Stn.  Feast.  Entertain.  Gratify.  De- 
light.     Refresh. 

Ant.  Starve.    Stint.    Tantalize. 

Eegard,  V.  tr.  Fr.  regarder. 
To  observe,  and  thence  to  olv 
serve  with  special  interest  or 
affection. 

Stn  Behold.  View.  Contemplate.  E.s- 
teem.  Consider.  Deem.  Affect.  Respect. 
\  alue.    Conceive.    Heed. 

Ant.  .Miss.  Overlook.  Disregard.  De- 
spise. Dislike.  Contemn.  Hate.  Loathe. 
Misconsider.  Misconceive.  Misestimate. 
Mi^udge. 

Eegarding.  -See  Eegard.  Part. 
used  as  a  prep. 

Si-N.  Touching.    Concerninc. 

Aire   Barring.    Difregardhig.    OmltiL-ig. 


Sf/nonyms  tuid  Auloiiijiiis. 


PiKGARDLESS ,  a'U-  ^^ee  Eegard, 
followed  by  pnp.  of. 

Syn.  Heedless.  Inconsiderate.  Care- 
\ess.  Disregarding.  Indifferent.  Despis- 
ing. 

Ant.  Cvefiil.  Considerate.  Regardful. 
Attentive.  Prudent.  Cautious.  Circum- 
spect.   Scrupulous.    Mindful. 

Regenerate,  v.  tr.  Regenerare, 
re  and  genus,  to  cause  the  stock  to 
spring  again, 

Syn.  Reproduce.  Renovate.  Resusci- 
tiite.  Revive.  Revivify.  Restore.  Re- 
integrate. 

Ant.  \Vaste.  Corrupt  Vitiate.  Dete- 
riorate.   Degenerate. 

Eegister,  V.  tr.  Begerere, 
xegestus,    to   carry    hack,    i.e.,   to 

place  of  record.     See  Eecord. 

Eegression,  n.  Regredi,  re- 
gressiis,  to  go  bade. 

Syn.  Retreat.  Return.  Retrogradatlon. 
Retrogression.    Retirement. 

Ant.  Advancement.  Progression,  Ag- 
gression.   Procession. 

Eegret,  V.  tr.     Fr.  regretter. 

SvN.  tirievp.  Lament.  Repent.  Miss. 
Desiilerate.    Deplore. 

Ant.  Welcome.  Hail.  Approve.  Aban- 
don.   Abjure.    Forget.    Disregard. 

Eegtjlae,  adj.  Lat.  regula,  a 
ri'h'.    According  to  rule. 

Syn.  Customary.  Normal.  Ordinary. 
Orderly.  Stated.  Recurrent.  Periodical. 
Kstablished.  Recognized.  Formal.  Sym- 
metrical.   Certain. 

ANT.  Unusual.  E.Kceptional.  Abnormal. 
Capricious.  Rare.  Irregular.  Disordered. 
Kiilul.  Unsymmetrical.  Variable.  Eccen- 
tric.   Erratic.    Uncertain. 

Eegulation,  n.     See  Regular. 

Syn.  Rule.  Law.  Adjustment.  Dis- 
posal. Method.  Government.  Order. 
Control.     Arrangement. 

Ant.  Misrule.  Disorder.  Anarchy. 
Misgovemment.  Maladministration.  Dis- 
arrangement. Nonregulation.  Caprice. 
License.    Insubjection.    Uncuntrol. 

REHABIIilTATE,  V.  tr.  Be, 
u'/ain,  and  hubilis,  able.  To  re- 
f?tore  to  lost  powers  or  privi- 
leges. 

Syn.  Reinstate.  Re-empower.  Recapa- 
eitate.    Requalify. 

AXT.  Denude.  Divest.  Disf^mpower. 
Incapacitate.    Disqualify.    Strip.    Deprive. 


325 


EteHEARSAL,  n.    See  Eehearse. 

Rehearse,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  Old 
Fr.  rehercer,  to  go  over  the  ground 
a  second  time  with  a  liarroic. 
Used  of  the  first  as  well  as  sub- 
seqiicnt  recitals. 

Syn.  Repeat.  Recite.  Narrate.  Re- 
count. Relate.  Tell.  Recapitulate.  Re- 
count.   Detail. 

Ant.  Misrepeat.  Misrecite.  Misre- 
count.  Mlsrclate.  Misrepresent.  Misde- 
tail. 

Reign,  v.  int.     Lat.  regnare. 

Syn.  Rule.  Govern.  PrevaiL  Com- 
mand. 

Ant.  Obey.    Submit. 

Eeimbtjrse,  V.  tr.  Applied  to 
the  Slim  of  money  and  the  per- 
son who  receives  it. 

Stn.  Refund.  Repay.  Indemnify.  Sa- 
tisfy. 

Ant.  Embezzle.  Appropriate.  Mis- 
apply.   Alienate.    Damnify.    Defraud. 

Eein,  V.  tr.  Low.  Lat.  retina, 
from  retinere,  to  hold  in. 

Syn.  Curb.  Bridle.  Restrain.  Mode- 
rate.   Control.    Govern.    Check.    Hold. 

Ant.  Indulge.  Loose.  Vent.  Dis- 
charge.   Humour. 

Eeinforce.  Be  and  inforce 
iiom.  fortis.    See  Eecruit. 

Reinstate.  Be  and  instate, 
from  in  and  status,  state. 

Syn.  Rehabilitate.  Restore.  Reiiistal. 
Replace.    Reinvest. 

Ant.  Degrade.  Remove.  Relegate. 
Dethrone.    Banish.    Deprive.    Divest. 

Reinvest,  v.  tr.  Be  and  in- 
vest, from  vest  is,  a  robe  of  office. 
See  Reinstate. 

Reiterate,  v.  tr.  Be  and  ite- 
r  1(771,  again.  To  state  again  or 
repeatedly. 

Stn.  Repeat.  Re-express.  Re-enun- 
ciate.   Renew.     Rfproduce. 

Ant.  Cancel.  ^Vittldraw.  Reverse.  Re- 
tract. 

Eeject,  V.  tr.  Bej'icere,  rejec- 
•  tus,  to  cast  back. 

Syn.  lepel.  Renounce.  Repudiata 
Decline.     i)iscard.     l!elu^e.     Exclude. 

Ant.  Hail.  Welcome.  Accept.  Appr» 
prifle.    Choose.    Select.    Admit 


'^-^  Si/nou'jms  and  Antomjms. 

Rbjoicb,  v.  inf.  and  tr.      Old 


\Pr.  rejoir. 

Srx.  l:)elight.  Glory.  Fxult  Joy. 
rriuinph.  (iladden.  Delight.  Cheer. 
Please.    Enliven.    Gratify. 

Ant.  Mourn.  Grieve.  Lament.  Weep. 
Sorrow.  Repent.  Trouble.  Afflict.  Oppress. 
Weary.  Depress.  Disappoint.  Burden. 
])arken.  Distress.  Pain.  Sadden.  Vex. 
Annoy. 

Ebtoinder,  n.  Fr.  rejoindre, 
to  reply.  Used  teclinically  of  a 
reply  in  law,  but  comraoniy  of  a 
rei^ly  to  a  sally  of  wit. 

Syn.  Retort.  Replication.  Rebutter. 
Parry. 

AuT.  Sally.  Banter.  Rallying.  Sar- 
casm.   Attack.    Hit. 

Eekindle,  V.  tr.  Be  and  kin- 
dle, from  candere,  an  obsolete 
verb,  from  Kaa>,  Kala,  to  set  on 
^7-e. 

Sir.  Keignite.  Resuscitate.  Reinspire 
Fan.    Refocillate.    Reinforce. 

Amt.  Stifle.  Extinguish.  Smother.  Sup- 
press.   Damp.    Quench. 

Eelapse,  V.  int.  Itelali,  lap- 
sus, to  slip  back  agai)). 

SrN.  Retrogress.    Iliccde.    Deteriorate. 

AuT.  Recover.  Amend.  Progress.  Ad- 
vance.   Improve. 

Eelapse,  m.     ^ee  verb. 

Eelatb,  v.  tr.  lie,  again,  and 
ferre,  latus^  to  bring. 

Syn.  Tell.  Recite.  Narrate.  Recount. 
Rehearse.     Report.    Detiiil.    Describe. 

Ant.  Misrecite.  Misrecount.  Misre- 
{u-esent.  Misreport.  Falsify.  Pervert. 
ULstort.    Misrelate. 

Eelation,  n.  See  Eelate.  Add 
the  following : — 

Syn.  Reference.  Aspect.  Connection. 
Analofiy.  Proportion.  Bearing.  Afliiiity. 
Alliance.  Homogeneity.  Association.  Re- 
levancy. Pertinency.  Fitness.  Harmony. 
Piatio.  Relative.  Agreement.  Kinsman. 
.^  ppurtenaucy. 

Ant.  irrelation.  Disconnection.  Disso- 
ciation. Irrelevancy.  Iraperiinency.  Dis- 
j>roportion.  Misproportion.  Unfitness.  L'n- 
mitiiWeness.  UtUrogeneity.  Disharmony 
>isagreemcut.     Alien. 

Eelative,  adj.     See  EelatioiL 
Eklax,  v.   tr.   and  hit.     lu- 
laxare,  re  and  laxus  loose. 


Sto.  Slacken.  Losen.  Pu>mit.  Abatft 
Mitigate.  Kelease.  Unbend.  Ri-leut.  Di- 
vert. Recreate-.  Rest.  Fnervate.  Un- 
string. 

Ant.  Tighten.  Increase.  Intensify. 
Stretch.  Bend.  Brace.  Invigorate.  Re- 
duuble.      Grow.       Heighten.      Strengthen. 

Eelaxatiox,  n.     See  Eelax. 

Eel  AY.  Fr.  relais,  from  re- 
laisser,  It.  rilasciare,  to  release. 

Stn.  Reinforcement.  Recruitment.  Ee- 
fVeshment.    Supply.    Relief. 

AXT.  Exhaustion.    Consumption. 

Eelease,  V.  tr.  Fr.  relaisser, 
It.  rilasciare. 

Stn.  Free.  Loose.  Liberate.  Discharge: 
Quit.  Acquit.  Exempt.  Extricate.  Dis- 
engage.   Indemnify. 

Ant.  Bind.  Constrain.  Confine.  Shackle. 
Fetter.     Yoke. 

Eelease,  n.    See  verb 

Eelegate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  rdc- 
gare. 

Syn.  Remove.'  Transfer.  Banish.  Trans- 
port.    Exile.     Deport.    Despatch. 

Ant.  Recal.    Locate.    Reinstate. 


Eelent,  V.  int.  From  Lat. 
lentiff!,  pliant. 

Syn.  Yield.     Relax.    Soften. 
Ant.  Persist.    Harden. 

Eelentless,  adj.    See  Eelent. 

Syn.  Cruel.  Inexorable.  Unyielding. 
Remorseless.    Unmerciful.    Truculent. 

Ant.  Yielding.  Humane.  Feeling. 
Clement.    .Merciful.    Compassionate. 

Eelevancy,  n.    See  Eelevant. 

Eelevant,  adj.  Relevure,  to 
relieve  or  support.  That  which 
contributes  to  sustain  the  argu- 
ment is  relevant. 

Syn.  Appropriate.     Pertinent.    Apt 
A  XT.   Inappropriate.     Impertinent.     Ir- 
relevant. 

Eeliaxce,  n.  Fr.  rdaycr,  t<- 
case  from  a  burden. 

Syn.  Confidence.    Trust.    IVpcndence. 

Ant.  Distrust.  Misgiving.  Suspicioa 
Diffidence. 

Kklikf,  V.  Lat.  relevare,  it. 
raisf  in-  support.  It  ha.s  the  tecli- 
iiical  Mieaning  of  work  raiscif 
proiuinently  above  its  grouu.l, 
as  in  architecture  and  sculpturtj. 


ISynoni/ms  and  Antonijms. 


It  may  be  tlio  partial  or  com- 
plete removal  of  pain,  oppres- 
sion, or  trouble. 

Stn.  Succour.  Support.  Release.  Ex- 
trication. Alleviation.  Mitigation.  Aid. 
IK-lpL  Assistance.-  Itemedy.  Redress.  Ex- 
tmption.  Deliverance.  Refreshment.  Com- 
lort. 

Ant.  Oppression.  Aggravation.  Inten- 
sification. Burdensonicness.  Trouble.  Ex- 
haustion.   'Wcariiiess.    Discomfort. 

See  Eelief. 


Believe,  v.  tr. 

EeLIGION,    77. 


Der.  doubtfu], 
either  from  relkjere,  to  reflect,  or 
reJujare,  to  hind,  i.e.,  the  con- 
science. It  is  composed  of  be- 
lief and  practice. 

Syn.  Faith.  Creed.  Theology.  Belief. 
Profession.  Piety.  Sanctity.  Godliness. 
Holiness. 

Akt.  Unbelief.  Irreligion.  Godlessness. 
Atheism.  Impiety.  Sacrilege.  Scoffing. 
Blasphemy.  Scepticism.  Profanity.  Hy- 
pocrisy. Sanctimoniousness.  Pharisaism. 
Formalism.     Reprobation. 

Religious,  adj.    See  Eeligion. 

Eelinquish,  v.  tr.  Belinquere, 
to  abandon. 

Svx.  Resign.  Leave.  Quit.  Forsake. 
Abandon.  Desert.  Renounce.  Forego. 
Repudiate.    Surrender.     Discontinue. 

Aki.  Seize.  Retain.  Assume.  Enforce. 
Vindicate.  Assert.  Maintain.  Prosecute. 
Defend.    Continue. 

Eelish,  V.  tr.  Old  Fr.  rek- 
cher,  to  lick  again.  To  lick  the 
lips. 

SvN.  Like.     Approve.    Enjoy.     Appre- 

AsT.  Repudiate.  Nauseate.  Reject. 
Abominate.    Loathe. 

Eelish.  v.    See  verb. 

Syn.  Zest.  Recommendation.  Enhance- 
ment. Flavour.  Savour.  Gusto.  Piquancy. 
Sapidity. 

Ant.  Drawback.  Disfiavour.  Disrecom- 
mend.ition.  Nauseousness.  Disreluh.  In. 
sipidily.    Unsavouriuess. 

Eelucent,  adj.  Relacens,  giv- 
ing hack  liqht. 

Syn.  Bright.  Shining.  Gleaming.  Glit- 
teiing.  Flashing.  Luminous.  Radiant. 
Crystalline.     I'elbuid.     Effuls;cut. 

Aht.  Dull.  Opaque.  R..yU^s.  Leaden. 
Dark. 


Eeluctancb,  n.  Lductiiri,  to 
struggle  back  frora  or  against  <i 
thin(/. 

Syn.  Aversion.  Repugnance.  Unwil- 
lingness.   Dislike.    Regret.    Misgiving. 

Ant.  Desire.  Readiness.  Willingness 
Promptitude.  Alacrity.  Welcome.  For- 
wardiiess.    Eagerness. 

Eely,  v.  int.    See  Eeliance. 

Eemain,  v.  int.  Lat.  rema 
7ierc. 

Syn.  Stay.  Continue.  Wait.  Stop. 
Tarry.  Halt.  Sojourn.  Rest.  Dwell. 
Abide.     Last.     Endure.     Accrue.    Survive. 

Ant.  Fly.  Vanish.  Remove.  Depart. 
Speed.  Hasten.  Press.  Flit.  Disapiiear. 
Pass. 

Eemainder,  71.     See  Eemain. 

Syn.  Rest.  Residue.  Remnant.  Bal- 
ance.   Surplus.    Leavings.    Relics. 

Ant.  Expenditure.  Loss.  Outgoings. 
Issue.     Waste. 

Eemark,  V.  tr.  Fr.  remarquer, 
to  7nark  aga  in .  It  is,  like  observe, 
the  peculiar  sense  of  to  state. 

Syn.  Obsirve.    Note.    Heed. 
Ant.  Misobserve.    Disregard.    Overlook. 
Miss. 


Eemarkable, 


U"J. 


If.      See    Ee- 


E.\tra- 
Not.^ 
I'ecu- 


mark. 

Syn,   Observable.      Noiiceable. 
ordinary.    Unusual.   Rare.   Striking, 
worthy.     Notable.     Distinguished, 
liar.     I'rominent.    Singular. 

Ant.  Unrtmarkdble.  Unnoticeable.  Or- 
dinary. Mian.  Commonplace.  Every- 
day.    Undistinguished. 

.Eemediable,  adj.  See  Ee- 
medy. 

Syn.  Curable.  KectiEable.  Remov- 
able. 

Ant.  Incurable.  IrTemcdiiible.  Reme- 
diless. Desperate.  Hopeless.  Unaltf.f 
able. 

Eemedial,  adj.  Having  tho 
effect  of  a  remedy,  which  .see. 

Syn.  Sanatory.  Sanative.  Alterative. 
Ameliorative.  'Mitigating.  Corrective. 
Healing.     Restorative.    Salubrious. 

ANT.  Noxious.  Hurtful.  Exasgerallve. 
Confirmative.  Morbific.  Deleterious.  In- 
duclve.    Provocative. 

Eemedy,  7).     Jiemedium,  from 
re,  ai/aiv,  and  mederi,  to  heal. 
Syn.  Cure.     Restorative.    Counteraction 
I  Kepaittlion.     Reditss.     Relief.     Help. 


328 


Si/no)ujms  and  Antony, 


Ant.  p:va.  Disease.  Hurt.  Infection. 
Plapcue.  111.  Impairment.  Deterioration. 
Aj-'gravation.    Provocation. 

Eemembbr,  V.  tr.  Bememorare, 
mcmoria,  memory. 

Stn.    Recollect,    kecal.    Min.i.    Visit. 

Ant.  Forget,  Obliviate.  Disregard. 
Overlook. 

EExMINISCKNCB,  n.  Beminisci, 
to  remember. 

Syn.  Remnant.  Relic.  Trace.  Savour. 
Leavings. 

AxT.  Prognostic.  Indication.  Sugges- 
tion. ^Varning.  Announcement.  Remon- 
Btration. 

Eesiiss,  adj.  Bemitttre,  re- 
missus,  to  let  doicii  loosely  or  care- 
lessly, 

Sv.v.  Slack.  Careless.  Negligent.  Inat- 
tentive. Wanting.  Slow.  Slothful.  Idle. 
Lax.    Dilatory.    Tardy. 

AxT.  Energetic.  Careful.  Attentive. 
Active.  Assiduous.  Alert.  Painstulcing. 
I'iligent.    Strict. 

Eemissful,  adj.     See  Eemiss. 

Eemit,  v.  tr.  See  Eemiss. 
Applied  only  to  the  punishment, 
and  not  to  the  person,  except 
in  the  sense  of  to  send  back  to 
custody. 


Intensify.       Enforce. 

Eemittent,  ndj.  Abating  pe- 
;-ii)dically  in  force,  yet  recurring. 

SvN.  Periodic.    Recurrent. 

A.\T.  Chronic.    Continuous.    Constant. 

Eemnant,  )i.  Old  Fr.  rema- 
>nnd,  Lat.  )-tiau)tere,  to  i-emain. 
S(e  Remaiiuler. 

Eemonstrate,  v.  inf.  Lat  re, 
again,  and  moustrare,  to  show. 
To  draw  specific  attention  to  a 
case,  and,  as  restricted  by  usage, 
to  something  untrue  or  unjust 
in  it;  followed  liy  the  jirep. 
ftK<iinst. 

SVN.  Expostulate.    IVoel.    IVotest.    Re- 

w.Mtrate.     Obj.ct,  1 

Ajit.  Aaiuiesce.    Submit.    Coincide.        I 


nis. 

Eemorse,  H.  Bemordere,  71,07-. 
sns,^  to  bite  ar/aiu.  The  biting. 
as  it  were,  of  the  conscience,  in 
return  for  its  violation.  It  is  the 
strongest  degree  of,  repentance. 

Si-N.  Compunction.  Anguish.  Self-con- 
demnation. 

Ant.  Complacency.  Self-approvaL  Self- 
congratulalion. 

Eemorseless,  adj.  See  Ee- 
morse. 

SvN.  Cruel.  Truculent.  Inexorable. 
Ruthless. 

Ant.  Mild.  Humane.  Gentle.  Feel- 
ing. Compunctious.  Lenient.  Remorseful. 
Self-condemning.  Regretful  Compas- 
sionate. 

Eemote,  adj.  Bemovere,  re- 
motus,  to  move  back  or  to  a  dis- 
tance. 

SvN.  Distant.  Indirect.  Uncoimected. 
Unrelated.  Foreign.  Alien.  Heteroge- 
neous.   Separate.    Contingent. 

Ant.  Near.  Close.  Direct.  Connected. 
Related.  Homogeneous.  Immediate.  Proxi- 
mate. Essential.  Present.  Pressing.  Ur- 
gent.   Actual. 

Eemove,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Be, 
back,  and  movere,  to  move. 

Syn.  Displace.  Separate.  Abstract. 
Transport.    Carry.    Migrate.    Depart. 

Ant.  Restore.  Conserve.  Stabilitate. 
Perpetuate.  Est;iblish.  Reinstate.  Rein- 
stal.  Instill.  Fix.  Fasten.  Stay.  Re- 
main.   Dwell.    Abide.    Stand. 

Eemunerate,  V.  fr.  Be,  again, 
and  inanus,  a  reward  or  gift. 

Sin.  Iteward.  Recompense.  Satisfy. 
Compensate.  Repay.  Requite.  Reim- 
burse. 

Ant,  Defraud.  Misrequite.  Misrepajr. 
Dis.satisfy.     Damnify. 

Ekmdneration,  n.  See  Eemu- 
nerate. 

Eend,  v.  fr.  Ang.  Sax.  ren- 
daii,  to  cut. 

Syn.  Tear.  Lacerate.  Divide.  Sepi. 
rate.    Split.    Disintegi-ate.    lUsunile. 

Ant.  Repair.  Piece.  Patch.  Conserve. 
Unite.     Perpetuate.    Continuate. 

Eender,  V.  tr.  Fr.  rendre, 
Lat.  redd.-re. 

SvN.  'jive.  IVe-sent.  Return.  Reatcre. 
Apportion.  Assign.  Surrtuder.  Dellrer. 
Pay.     Requite. 


JSynonyms  and  Antonyms. 


AiTT.  Keep.  Retain.  Wifuliuld.  Ap- 
propriate. Alienate.  Misappoition.  Mis- 
tppropriate.    Misrequite. 

TtENUGADB,  n.  Sp.  rategado, 
Lilt,  renegare,  to  deny. 

Syn.  Apostate.  Traitor.  Deserter.  Va- 
g  I  blind.    Turncoat.    Recreant. 

Ant.  Supporter.  Adherent.  Defender. 
lii^'ot.     Zealot.     Dogmatist.    Fanatic. 

Eenew,  v.  tr.     Be  and  new. 

-Sts.  Recreate.  Restore.  Kefresli.  Re- 
novate. Rejuvenate.  Furbish.  Recom- 
mence. Repeat.  Reiterate.  Reissue.  Re- 
generate.    Reform.    Transform. 

Ant.  Imi>air.  Wear.  Deteriorate.  Vitiate. 
I'lxhanst.  Discontinue.  Corrupt.  Weaken. 
]  )efile.    Deprave. 

Eenitent,   adj.      Lat.    reniti, 

to  i-esif-t, 

Syn.  Resistent.  Elastic.  Resilient, 
r.eluctant.  Stubborn.  Tough.  Counter- 
active. 

Ant.  Yielding.  Lentous.  Flexible.  Do- 
cile.    Pliant. 

Eenounce,  V.  tr.  Lat.  renun- 
fiure. 

SvN.  Reject.  Abjure.  Disclaim.  Dis- 
own. Forego.  Disavovr.  Deny. ,  Quit. 
Ilesign.  Abandon.  Recant.  Relinquish, 
llepudiale. 

-Vnt.  Acknowledge.  Recognize.  Claim. 
.Maihtiin.  Assert.  Propound.  Own.  Vin- 
dic.te.  Avow.  Profess.  Hold.  Ret.iin. 
Defend. 

Eenovate,  V.  tr.  Lat.  re7io- 
vure.     SSee  Eenew. 

Eenown,  v.  Fr.  renom,  Lat. 
re  and  nomeu,  a  name. 

SYN.  Fame.  Distinction.  Note.  Nota- 
(jilily.  Eminence.  Celebrity.  Glory.  Re- 
putation.    Lustre.     Honour. 

Ant.  Disgrace.  Meanness.  Ignoble- 
ness.  Degradation.  Taint.  Slain.  Brand. 
Discredit.    Dishonour.    Disrepute. 

Eent,  n.     See  Eend. 

.Syn.  Laceration.  Rupture.  Fissure. 
Divulsion.    Schism.     Solution. 

Ant.  Suture.  Junction.  Union.  Con- 
tiniuty.  Integrity,  lieparation.  Redinte- 
gration.   Reunion.     Consolidation. 

Ebnunoiation,  n.  See  Ee- 
noiiuce. 

Keorganize,  v.  tr.  Be  and 
organize,  Gr.  opyavov,  a  member, 
\iinb,  or  instrument. 


329 


Syn.  Prearrange.  Reconstitute.  Re- 
assemble. 

Akt.  Dissolve.  Disband.  Dissipate. 
Disperse.  Derange.  Dismember.  Disinte- 
grate. 

Ekpair,  V.  tr.,  only  vd.  in  tlie 
sense  of  to  go.  Lat.  reparare. 
La  the  intransitive  sense  it  is 
another  word,  derived  from  repi- 
triare,  for  wliich  see  Eesort. 

Syti.  Restore.     Recover.     Mend. 

Ant.  Impair.  Waste.  Wear.  Dete- 
riorate.    Injure. 

Eeparable,  adj.     See  Eepair. 

Syn.  Recoverable.  Curable.  Retrieve 
able. 

Ant.  Irreparable.  Incurable.  Irretriev. 
able. 

Eeparation,  n.  See  Eepair. 
ITsed  literally  and  metaphori- 
cally. 

SYN.  Restoration.  Repair.  Restitutinn. 
Compensation.  Satisfaction.  Amends,  in- 
demnification.   Atonement. 

Ant.  Injury.  Impairment.  Deteriora- 
tion. W^aste.  \Vear.  Defectiveness.  Dam- 
nification. 

Eepay,  v.  tr.  Be  and  pay. 
Ap])lied  both  to  persons  and  the 
sum  repaid,  and  sometimes  in  an 
unfavourable  sense. 

SiN.  Remunerate.  Reimburse.  Re- 
compense. Reward.  Retaliate.  Requite. 
Refund. 

Ant.  Defraud.  Misappropriate.  Em- 
bezzle. Waste.  Alienate.  Extort.  Con- 
fiscate.    K.\act. 

Eepeal,  V.  tr.  Old  Fr.  rapehr, 
from  Lat.  re  appellare,  to  call 
hack. 

SrN.  Abolish.  Revoke.  Rescind.  Can- 
cel. Annul,  liecal.  Abrogate.  Reverse. 
Discontinue. 

Ant.  Continue.  Establish.  Pass.  In- 
stitute. Sanction.  Enact.  Perpetuate. 
Confirm. 

Eepkal,  n.     See  verb. 

Eepeat,  v.  tr.     Lat.  repetere. 

Syn.  Reiterate.  Iterate.  Renew.  Cite. 
Quote.  Relate.  Rehearse.  Recapitulate, 
Reproduce. 

Akt.  Discontinue.  Drop.  Discard. 
Abaiidon.  Ignore.  Suppress.  Sllsrepeat, 
Misrinoie.  Misrecite.  Mi.srepresent.  Mi* 
interpret.    Mteconvcy 


330 


Stjnonijms  and  Antonyms. 


Eepel,  v.  {)'.  Lat.  rejieUere,  to 
forrti  or  drive  back. 

Syn.   Repulse.    Reject     Refuse.    Deter. 

Akt.  Promote.  Propel.  Welcome. 
Advance.    Accept.    Encourage.    Further. 

Eepekt,  V.  tr.     Lat.  poenitere. 
Syn.   Relent,    Grieve.    Regret.    Sorrow. 
Rue.     Repine.    Deplore. 
Ant.  Rejoice,    Persist. 

Eepentance,  n.     See  Eepent. 

Stn.  Penitence.  Contrition.  Compunc- 
tion, Regret.  Remorse.  Self-reproach. 
Self-condemnation . 

AxT.  Impenitence.  Obduracy.  Recus- 
ancy. Hardness.  Reprobation.  Self-ap- 
provaL 

Ekpkroussion,  n.  Lat.  re, 
back,  and  percutere,  percussus,  to 
strike. 

Snr.  RecoiL  Ricochet.  Reverberation. 
Rebound. 

AUT.  Impact  Stroke.  Shock.  CuUi- 
Rion,    Contact. 

Eepetition,  ??.    See  Eepeat. 

Eepine,  v.  int.  Ee  and  pine. 
Sax.  pinian. 

Syn.  Murmur.    Grumble.    Complain. 

A-NT.  Acquiesce.  Submit  Smile.  Re- 
joice. 

Eeplace,  V.  tr.  Be  and  place. 
To  put  back  to  the  proper  place, 
A.pplicable  to  one  thing  or  more 
chan  one. 

Syn.  Restore.  Supply.  Substitute.  Re- 
instate.    Rearrange.     Re-establish. 

Ant.  Move.  Abstract  Withdraw.  Re- 
move.   Derange.    Deprive, 

Eeplenish,  v.  tr.  Lat.  re  and 
lihnus,full. 

Syn.  Fill,  Refil.  Resupply.  Stoclj. 
Siitisfy.    Furnish.    Enrich. 

Ant.  AV^asie,  Empty.  Exhaust  Re- 
duce.    Drain.     Impoverish. 

Eepletion,  n.  Lat.  replere, 
npletus,  to  fill  up. 

Syn.  Fulness.  Abundance,  Amplitude. 
Superabundance.    Overfulness. 

Ant.  Exhaustion.  Emptinesa.  Want. 
Inanition. 

Ekply,  V.  inf.  Lat,  replicarc, 
followed  by  prep.  to. 

Syn.  Replicate.  Answer.  Respond. 
Kejiiin. 

-■Vnt.  Ignore.  Drop.  Pretermit.  Pass. 
Jibregard. 


Eeply,  ??.     See  verb. 

Eeport,  v.  tr.  Fr,  rappcrier, 
Lat.  rej'ortiire. 

Stn.  Announce.  Relate.  Narrate.  lU^ 
cite.  Describe.  DetaiL  Communiciite. 
Declare. 

Ant.  Silence.  Hush.  Suppress.  Mis- 
report    Misrepresent.    Misrelate.    Falsify. 

Eeport,  n. 

Syn.  Announcement.  Tidings.  Rela- 
tion. Narration.  Recital.  Description. 
Communicition.  Declaration.  News.  Ru- 
mour. Fame.  Repute.  Noise.  Reverbe- 
ration. 

Ant.  Silence.  Suppression.  ilisan- 
nouncement.    Fabrication.    Nolselessness. 

Eepose,  v.  int.  and  tr.  Fr.  rc- 
pofer,  Lat.  reponere. 

Syn-.  Lie.  Recline.  Couch.  Rejt. 
.Settle.  Abide.  Stay.  Acquiesce.  Lodge. 
Place.     Deposit. 

Aj>t.  Rise.  Stand.  Move.  Wander. 
Flit.    Flutter.    Remove.    Tranrfer. 

Eepose,  n.     See  verb. 

Sts.  Rest  Quiet  Stillness.  Rediii.i- 
tion.  Tranquillity.  Calmness.  Peaceful* 
ness.     Ease.    Peace.    Quiescence. 

Ant.  Movpment.  Disquiet  Unrest. 
Agitation.  Restlessness.  Disturbance. 
Commotion,  Tumult.  Distractioo.  Un- 
easiness. 

Eeprehend,  V.  tr.  Lat.  rej're- 
hendere. 

Syn.  Blame.  Clude.  Reprove.  Cen- 
sure.   Reprimand, 

Ant.  Praise.  Land.  Eulogize.  Sanc- 
tion.   Approve. 

Eeprehenseble,  adj.  See  Ee- 
prehend. 

Syn.  Blamable.  Blameworthy.  Cul- 
pable. Censurable.  Reproachable.  Re- 
provable.    Objectionable. 

Akt.  laudable.  Praiseworthy.  Ivro- 
proachable.  Irreprovable.  Unexcepiiuii- 
able.    Innocent     Unubjectionable. 

Eepresext,  V.  tr.  Lat.  re  and 
proese7is,  as  if  to  make  present  once 
more. 

Syn.  Portray.  Delineate.  Reproduce. 
Exhibit  Personate.  Slate.  Describe.  In- 
dicate. Embody.  Enact  Illustrate.  I'e- 
note.    Play.    Dramatize.    Resemble. 

Ant.  Misportn\y.  Misdelineaie.  Dis- 
tort.   Falsify.    Caricature,    MisrepreSi'in. 

Eepresentation,  n.  See  U'y 
present. 


Sijnoinjiiis  and  Anfomjms. 


'6?A 


IvKPKBSENTATIVB,    «.      See   Ee- 

present. 

Stn.  Agent.  Commisfioner.  Proxy. 
Deputy.  Substitute.  Embodiment.  Per- 
Boiiati'oB.    Delegate.    Vicar.    Vicegerent. 

Ant.  Autocrat.    Dictator. 

Eeprksentativb,  adj.  See 
Eepresent. 

Eepress,  v.  tr.  Lat.  repri- 
mere,  reprcRms^. 

Srs.  Crusli.  Quell.  Subdue.  Check. 
Restrain.  Curb.  Overpower.  Mitigate. 
Damp.    Calm.    Control. 

Ant.  Raise.  Rouse.  Excite.  Agitate. 
Aggravate.  Foment.  Intensify.  Foster. 
Encourage.    Stimulate.    Incite.    Fan. 

Eeprieve,  n.  Lat.  reprohare. 
As  it  were  to  send  back  for  a 
second  trial  by  delaying  the  sen- 
tence of  the  first.  It  is  also  used 
for  absolute  acquittal. 

Stn.  Resjiite.  Acquittal.  Pardon.  Am- 
nesty.   Intermission. 

Ant.  Condemnation.  Conviction.  Re- 
prisal.   Retribution. 

Eeprimand,  v.  tr.  Fr.  repri- 
mander,  Lat.  repriniendus,  part, 
pans,  of  reprimere,  to  repress.  See 
Eeprehend. 

Eeprisal,  n .  Fr.  reprise,  from 
reprendre,  to  take  again. 

SvN.  Retaliation.  Retribution.  Self- 
compensation.    Self-indemnification. 

Ant.  (Jondonalion.  Grace.  Remission, 
Reprieve. 

Eeproach,  v.  tr.  Fr.  repro- 
chrr,  proche,  Lat.  prope,  near.  To 
bring  a  man's  actions  near,  or 
before  him. 

Syn.  Blame.  Censure.  Taunt.  Rebuke. 
Upbraid.     Reprobite.     Reprove. 

Ant.  Laud.  Praise.  Approve.  Com- 
mend. 

Eeproach,  n.    See  verb. 

Eeprobate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  repro- 
bfirc,  to  dlsupprovf.  Ai^plied  to 
conduct  as  reprove  to  persons. 

."^YN.  Coudenm.     IVnouuce. 

A:  T.  Sanction.    Commend.    Approve. 

EeI'ROBATE,  (idj.  See  verb. 
Not  enduring  proof  or  trial,  re- 
jijcted  as  worthless. 


Stn.  Abandoned.  Castaway.  Irrcderni- 
able.     Lost 

Ant.  Hopeful.  Redeemable.  Salvablc-. 
Recoverable. 

Eeprobate,  n.    See  adjective. 

Sin.  Castaway.  Villain.  Ruffiaii, 
Miscreant. 

Ant.  E.xamplo.  Pattern.  Mirror.  Mo- 
del.    Paragon. 

Eeproduce,  V.  fr.  Lat.  repru' 
ducere. 

Stn.  Generate.  Propagate.  Imitate. 
Exhibit.    Represent.    Copy. 

Ant.  Stifle.  Extinguish.  Exterminate. 
Misrepresent.    Misportray. 

Eeprodtjction.  n.  See  Eepro- 
duce. 

Eeprovable,  adj.  See  Ec- 
prove. 

Eeprove,  v.  tr.  Lat.  repro- 
bare.     See  Eeproach. 

Eepcdiate,  v.  tr.  JRe,  back, 
and  pudere,  to  be  ashamed. 

Stn.  Disavow.  Disown.  Discard.  Ab- 
jure.   Renounce.    Disclaim.    Divorce. 

Ant.  Avow.  Own.  Vindicate.  Assert. 
Retain.  Vaunt.  Claim.  Profess.  Recog- 
nize.   Acknowledge.    Accept. 

Eepcgnance,  n.     See  adjective. 

Eepugnant,  adj.  Be,  against, 
and  pugnans,  part,  of  pugnare,  to 
fight. 

Stn.  Hostile.  Antagonistic.  Averse, 
Reluctant.  UnwillinK.  Irreconcilable. 
Incompatible.  Inimical.  Adverse.  Con- 
tradictory.   Loath.     Heterogeneous. 

Ant.  Friendlv.  Coincident.  Harnii>- 
nious.  Compatiljlp.  Willing.  Consistent. 
Homogeneous.     Congruijus. 

Eepulsive,  adj.  Fr.  repuhij\ 
Lat.  repetlere,  pulsus,  to  drirr 
buck. 

Stn.  Forbidding.  Deterrent.  Unge- 
nial.  Odious.  Ugly.  Unattractive.  L)i.~ 
agreeable.     Revoltiuc. 

Ant.  Charming.  "Aweable.  Attractive- 
Winning.  Captivating!  Fascinating.  Ai- 
luriug.    Seductive.    Ileasant. 

I      Eeputable,    adj.     From  n:- 
'  pute.    Lat.  re,  again,  ?ind putare, 
to  account. 
I        Stn.  Respectable.    Creditable.    Haiic:ii> 
!  fiWe.    Estimable. 


■j>oz 


8//no)ii/ms  and  Anionyr 


ANT.  UnrosiTortaWp.  Discreditable. 
^li^l]>JMoural)le.     Disgraceful.     Disreputable. 

Eepute,  u.     See  Reputable. 

Eequest,  v.  fr.  Lat.  requirere, 
regnisifiim,  Old  Fr.  requcste. 

Stn.  Ask.  Desire.  Beg.  Entreat.  Be- 
Beecli.    Petition.    Supplicate. 

Ant.  Command.  Order.  Insist.  Di- 
rect. Dictate.  Enjoin.  Pi,equire.  Demand. 
E.xact. 

Request,  n.    See  verb. 

Eequibe,  v.  tr.    See  Request. 

Requital,  «.    (.See  Requite. 

Requite,  v.  f.r.  Be  and  quit, 
in  the  sense  of  acquit  or  pay. 
To  quit  is  to  quiet,  or  leave  quiet. 
So,  to  acquit  is  to  discharge, 
thereby  leaving  the  mind  quiet ; 
and  a  quittance  is  a  quietance — a 
sum  paid  for  the  quiet  of  the 
debtor's  mind.  The  word  re- 
quite is  used  both  of  persons  and 
tTieir  acts,  as,  to  requite  a  bene- 
factor, or  a  kindness,  or  a 
cruelty. 

Stn.  Repay.  Reward.  Compensate. 
Recompense.  Remunerate.  Satisfy.  Jle- 
taliate.     Punish.     Revenge. 

Ant.  Misrequite.  Defraud.  Condone. 
Absolve.    Pardon. 

Rescind,  v.  fr.  he,  back,  and 
scindere,  to  cut  or  sjjUI. 

Syn.  Revoke.  Repeal.  Annul.  Cancel. 
Recal.    Reverse.    Abrogate. 

Ant.  Perpetuate.  Knlorce.  Maintain. 
Re-enact. 

Rescue,  v.  fr.  Lat.  re  and 
excutere,  to  shake  or  drive  out. 

Stn.  Retake.  Recover.  Recapture. 
I..iberate.  Extricate.  Save.  Deliver.  Pre- 
serve. 

-Ant.  Endanger.  Imperil.  Betray.  Sur- 
«nJer.    Abandon.     E.\pose. 

Rescue,  n.     See  verb. 

Research,  v.  A  compound 
of  search,  •which  is  the  Fr. 
r/ierchei'.  It.  cercare,  from  the  Lat. 
circa,  about.  To  search,  tliere- 
fore,  is  to  look  about  for  a  thing. 
'i'Lc  word  research  is  restricted 


to  the  process  or  results  of  men- 
tal or  intellectual  investigation. 

Svn.  Investigaticm.  Inquiry.  Scrutiny. 
Examination.  Ii^xploration.  Learning. 
Lore.  Discovery.  Erudition.  Elaboration. 
Elimination. 

Ant.  ignorance.  Superficiality.  Sciolism. 
Misinvestigation.  Shallowness.  Oversight. 
Inobservance. 

Resemblance,  n.  Fr.  ressem- 
bler,  of  which  the  root  is  the  Lat. 

similin,  like. 

Stx.  Likeness,     Sin-ilarity.    Similitude. 
Semblance.    Renresentatioi:.    Portrait.  Re- 
flection.   Image. 
I        Ant.    Unlikeness.      Dissimilarity.     Dis» 
I  resemblance.     Difference.    Contrariety. 

Resent,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
I  re  and  sentire,  to  feel.  To  enter- 
:  tain  a  strong  feeling  against  per- 
sons or  their  acts,  but  ibrmerly 
used  in  a  favourable  sense. 

Stn.  Repel.  Resist.  Rebel.  Recaki- 
trate. 

Ant.  Acquiesce.  Submit.  Condone. 
Pardon.    Overlook. 

I      Resentful,  odj.    See  Resent. 

I        Stn.  Choleric.      JIalicious.     Vindictive. 

Intolerant.    Insubmissive. 
I        Ant.  Meek.    Mild.    Placable.    Tolerant. 
[  Forgiving.     Submissive. 

j     Resentment,  n.    See  Resent. 

SvN.  Anger.  Ire.  Indignation.  Ani- 
:  mosity. 

I        Ant.  Calmness.    Acquiescence.    Tolera- 
I  tion.    Mildness.    Endurance.     Forgiveness. 

I  Reserve,  n.  Fr.  reserve,  Lat. 
I  ?•.',  buck,  and  servure,  to  keep. 
i  Six.  Reservation.  Retention.  Limitf 
I  tion.  Withholding.  Appropriation.  Coy- 
'  ness.  Shyness.  IJackwarclness.  Secretive- 
ness.    Taciturnity.    Modesty.    Restraint. 

Ant.  Abandonment.  Non-n-servatlon. 
Surrender.  Absoluteness.  Openness.  Frank- 
ness. Forwardness.  Pertness.  Trans- 
parency. Undlsguise.  Shamelessness.  Ip 
discretion.     Unrestraint. 

'   Reserved,  adj.    Src  Reserve. 

Reside,  v.  int.    See  Residence. 

Residence,  n.  Lat.  residnre. 
to  rt-sf  or  stay.  Used  also  of  the 
place  of  abode. 

Stn.  SUiy.  Sojourn.  Occupation.  Alwdo 
Pernoctation.     I-'welling.    I,oc«jon. 


Srjnonyms  and  Anionym 


Ant.  Migration.  Travel.  Locomotion. 
AWnteeism.    Noii-rcsidence.    Alibi. 

Eesident,  (kJj.   See  Eesidence. 
Eesident,  n.     See  Residence. 

Si-N.  Occupant.  Dweller.  Tenant. 
Sojourner,     liilialiitant. 

Am.  Stranger.    Foscigner.    Visitor. 

Eesidue,  V.  Lat.  residuum, 
from  residcre,  to  settle  down  or 
remain  behind.     See  Eemainder. 

Eesign,  v.  tr.  Eesignare,  re, 
hack,  and  slepium,  a  sign  or  seed. 

Syn.  Surrenrlor.  Abandon.  Return. 
Withdraw.  Abdiaite.  Submit.  Leave. 
Relinquish.    Forego.     Renounce. 

AST.  Retain.  Claim.  Appropriate. 
Vindicate.    Grasp. 

Eesignation,  11.     See  Eesign. 

Stn.  Surrender.  Relinquishment.  For- 
saking. Abandonment.  Abdication.  Re- 
nunciation. Submission.  Acquiesence. 
Patience.    Endurance. 

Ant.  Retention.  Claim.  Appropriation. 
Vindication.  Grasp.  Resistance.  Rebel- 
lion. Murmur.  Dissatisfaction.  Discontent, 
(.'•ontumacy.  Contention.  Protestation.  Re- 
iMOUstrance. 

Eestst,  V.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
resistere,  to  stand  out. 

Stn.  AVithstand.  Oppose.  Hinder. 
Check.    Thwart.    Rebuff. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Promote.  Aid.  Ad- 
vance. Help.  Succour.  Acquiesce.  Sub- 
mit.   Suffer.    Allow.    Tolerate.    Permit. 

Eesistancb,  n.    See  Eesist. 
Eesistible,  «'//.     See  Eesist. 

Syn.  Weak.  Refutable.  Nugatory. 
Trifling.    Childish.    AVorthless. 

Akt.  Overpowering.  Irresistible.  Irre- 
fragable. Resistless.  Overwhelming.  Con- 
clusive. 

Ebsolute,  r(r?y.  Lat.  resdlutiis 
means  lax,  from  resolvere,  to  tak 
to  pieces.  The  English  idea  of 
resolution  is  that  determination 
to  act  which  follows  upon  a  care- 
ful taking  to  pieces  of  a  matter 
in  the  mind.  So  usage  has  intro- 
duced a  modern  meaning  of  re- 
solute which  is  the  opposite  of 
the  ancient. 

St».  Determined.  Decided.  Steadfast. 
Msei,     Sieady.     Con.«tant.      Persevering. 


^33 


Dogged.    Stout.    Pertir.aclcTi*.     Energetic. 
Unshaken.     Uiidtviating.     Unfiind  iirii. 

Axt  Undetermined.  Undecided.  Weak. 
Inconstant.  Unenergetic  Fitful.  Vacil- 
lating. Irre?ohiie.  Dubious.  Shilly-shally. 
Capricious.    Variable.    Ductile. 

Eesolution,  V.    See  Eesolute. 

Stn.  Separation.  Decomposition.  Ana- 
lysis. Unravelling.  Disentanglement.  Dis- 
integration. Conversion.  Firmness,  &c.,  aa 
under  Resolute. 

Axt.  Aggregation.  Composition.  Union. 
Amalgamation.  Integrity.  Totality.  In- 
corporation.  Synthesis.  Collocation.  Con- 
servation. Entanglement.  Confusion.  Coii- 
glomeralion. 

Ebsonant,  adj.  Lat.  resonans, 
part,  of  resoiiare,  to  resound. 

Stn.  Resounding.  Sonorous.  Musical. 
Metallic.  Vibratory.  Acoustic.  Shrill. 
Loud.    Sharp.    Vocal.    Ringing. 

Ant.  Mute.  Silent.  Dead.  Dumb. 
Muffled.  Wooden.  Voiceless.  Stifled. 
Non-resonant, 

Eesort,  v.  ird.  Old  Fr.  ressort, 
from  resurgere,  surrectus,  a  spring- 
inq  up  cf  opportunity  and  means, 
followed  by  the  jyrep.  to. 

Stn.  Repair.    Fly.    Retire.    Retreat. 

Ant.  Shun.    Ignore.    Avoid.    Discard. 

Eesort,  ??.    See  verb. 

Stx.  Assembly.  Betaking.  Repairinff. 
Haunt.  Frequeiitiition.  Employment.  Re- 
course. 

Ant.  Shunning.  Avoidance.  Forsaking. 
Abandonment.    Desertion. 

Eesound,  V.  inf.  See  Eesonant. 

SvN.  Ring.  Reverberate.  Re-echo.  Rs- 
spond. 

Ant.  AATiisper.  Murmur.  Breathe, 
Mutter.    Hum. 

EesotjEces,  n.  Commonly 
used  in  the  plural.  Eesource  is 
from  resurgere,  to  spring  up. 

Stn-.  Means.  Material.  Productions. 
Supplies.  Expedient.--.  Device.  Con- 
trivance.   Wealth.     Riches. 

Ant.  Destitution.  Barrenness.  Inani- 
tion. Exhaustion.  Lack.  Drain.  Non- 
plus.   Poverty.    Sterility. 

Eespect.  V.  tr.  Lat  respicere^ 
respectus,  to  regard. 

Syn.  Notice.  Regard.  Honour.  Prefer 
Venerate. 

Ant.  Overlook.  Disregard.  Disbonoo. 
Despise.    Contemn. 

EespecTj  n.     See  verb. 


334 


hynonyms  and  Antomjms. 


Stn.  f.eferou:^.  Relation.  Kcgard. 
Honour,    lieference. 

Ant.  Irrelativeness.  Disregard.  Con- 
tempt. Dishonour.  Insult.  Contiimely. 
Disrespect. 

ERSFKC  TABLE,  adj.  See  Ec- 
spcct. 

Sv.N.  Worthy.  Good.  Considerable, 
/.audable. 

Akt.  Unworthy.  Bad.  Unrespectable. 
Moan.     Inconsiderable. 

Eespective,  adj.  See  Eespect. 

SvN.  Relative.    Appertaining. 
Ant.  Absolute.    Irrespective. 

Eespite,  11 .  Lat.  respectus, 
Old  Fr.  respit.  Eegard,  con- 
sideration, expectation,  then  de- 
lay or  breathing-time.  S^e  Ee- 
prieve. 

Eesplendent,  adj.  Lat.  re- 
splenderis,  part,  of  rtsplendeo. 

Six.  Brilliant.  Gorgeous.  Luminous. 
0  littering.    Flashing.    Burnished. 

Ant.  Dead.    Dull.    Lustreless.    Sombre. 

Eespond,  V.  int.  Lat.  respon- 
dere. 

Syn'.  Answer.  Reply.  Rejoin,  Corre- 
spond.   Tally.    Accord.    Meet. 

Ant.  Propound.  Disagree.  Disaccord. 
Jar.     Differ. 

Eesponse,  ??.    See  Eespond. 
EESP0NSIV3,    adj.       See    Ee- 
spond. 

Sra.  Answering.  Correspondent.  Echo- 
ing.   Sympathetic.    Obedient. 

Ant.  Alien.  Unsympathetic.  Strange. 
Irresponsive. 

Eest,  n.     Saxon  rest. 

Syx.  Quiet.  Repose.  Cessation.  Tran- 
tiuillity.  Peace.  Security.  Pause.  Interval. 
Intermission. 

Ant.  Tumult.  Commotion.  Agitation. 
Disquiet.  Unrest.  Insecurity.  Continuity. 
Uninterruptedness.  Progression.  Restless- 
ness. 

Eest,  n.  Fr.  res<e,  Lat.  restare. 
See  Eemainder. 

Kestitutiok,  71.  Lat.  resti- 
iiiere. 

Syn.  Restoration.  Return.  In- 
demnification. Reparation.  Compensation. 
Amends. 

Ant.  Fraud.  Deprivation.  AV'img. 
Bobbery     Abstraction.    li^Jci^. 


Eestive,  adj.  Old  Fr.  ?  estif, 
from  reatare,  to  stand  hack. 

Syn.  Stubborn-  Obstinate,  liecald- 
trant. 

Ant.  Docile.    Manageable.    Tractable. 

Eestless,  adj.     See  Eest. 

Syn.  Unquiet.  Uneasy.  Disturbed. 
Slnepltss.  Agitated.  Roving.  Incessant. 
Tossing. 

Ant.  CaUn.  QuieU  Reposing.  SUIL 
Motionless. 

Eestobation,  73.    Lat.  restau- 

ratio. 

Syn:.  Recovery.  Replacement.  Re- 
newal Renovation.  Redintegration.  Re- 
establishment.  Return.  Revival.  Reo- 
titution.  Reparation.  Compensation. 
Amends. 

Ant.  Loss.  Lapse.  Forfeiture.  Dis- 
placement. Deterioration.  Impairment. 
Deprivation.  Abandonment.  Departure. 
Injury.      ^^^•lste.      Abstraction.       Seizure. 

Eestorative,  adj.  See  Re- 
storation. 

Syn.  Compensatory.  Remedial  Repa- 
ratory.    Invigorating. 

An-t.  Exhaustive,  DebUitating.  Wast- 
ing.   Consumptive. 

Eestore,  V.  tr.  Lat.  restaurm-e. 

Syn.  Return.  Replace.  Refund.  Re- 
pay. Reinstate.  Re-establish.  Renew. 
Repair.    Recover.    Heal.    Cure.    Refresh. 

Ant.  Abstract.  Remove.  Displace. 
Appropriate.  Alienate.  Deprive.  Impftir. 
Wound.    Injure.    Dilapidate.    Shatter. 

Eestraen,  v.  tr.  Old  Fi'.  re- 
straindre,  Lat.  restrimjere,  re- 
strictus. 

Sin.  Check.  Repress.  Hinder.  Limit 
Confine.  Restrict.  Withhold.  Curb. 
Coerce.  Prohibit.  Narrow.  Circumscribe 
Reduce. 

Ant.  Promote.  Advance.  Urge.  In 
cite.  Aid.  Liberate.  Indulge.  Loose 
Vent.  Amplify.  Enlarge.  E.\pand.  Ex- 
tend. 

Eestraint,  n.    See  Ecstrain. 

Ebstrict,  v.  tr.,  Eestriction 
7! .  See  Eestrain.  Ecstrain  diffei-s 
from  restrict  in  being  applicable 
more  especially  to  matters  con- 
nected with  the  will  and  actioca 
of  men. 


Si/no7ii/ms  and  Antonyms. 


335 


Eesult,    v.   int.     Fr.   resulter,  I      Ehtarr,  v.  tr.    lu  aud  lardus, 
Lat.    rrsnltare,   from   resilire,  to  \  slow. 


SvN.  Impede.  Clog.  Hinder.  Obstruct. 
Delay. 

Ant.  Accelerate.  Expedite.  Promote. 
Quicken. 

Retention,  n.    See  Eetain. 
Eetektive,  arJj.    Having  the 
power  of  retaining. 

Stn.  Preservative.  Close.  Tenacious. 
Minilful. 

Ant.  Loose.    Leaky.    Oblivious. 

Eeticence,  n.  Eeticentiu, 
from  reticere,  re  and  tacere,  to 
he  silent. 

Stn.  Reserve.  Silentness.  Kefrair^ 
Repressiveness. 

Ant.  Unreserve.  Abandon.  Garrulity, 
Freedom. 

Eetikue,  n.      Ft.   retenir,  to 
retain  or  engage.    The  company 
Eesurrection,  n.    Resurgtre, '  of  engaged  attendants. 

"  I  Syn.  Retainers.  Attendants.  Suite. 
I  Pomp.  Followers.  Tail.  Satellites. 
I  Escort. 

Ant.  Non-attendance.  Unstateliness. 
I  Solitariness. 


rthoinid. 

Stn.  Terminate.  End.  Ensue.  Event- 
uate. 

ANT.  Originate.  Arise.  Precede.  Spring. 
Commence.    Start.    Begin. 

Eesult,  n.     See  verb. 

Syn.  Termination.  End.  Issue.  Effect. 
Consequence.  Product.  Fruit.  Develop- 
ment.   Conclusion.    Remainder. 

Ant.  Beginning.  Commencement.  Ini- 
tiative. Cause.  Rise.  Spring.  Origin. 
Operation.  Causation.  Tendency.  Pro- 
duction. Antecedent,  Premonition.  Prog- 
nostic.   Indication. 

EESUilE,  V.  tr.  Lat.  rcsumere, 
to  take  again. 

Syn.  Recommence.    Renew. 

Ant.  Drop.  Discontinue.  Intermit. 
Interrupt. 

Eesumption,  n.    See  Eesume. 


resarrectas,  to  rise  again.     Used 
also  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Rising.  Renovation.  Resuscitation. 
Regeneration. 

Ant.  Death.  Burial.  Interment.  Ex- 
tinction. 


ESTIRE,  V.  int.      Fr.  retirer,  to 

Eesuscitate,  v.  tr.  lie,  again,  \  draw  oack.  „  ,     ^    „       ,     „ 

'  >     J         J  ,        g^.jj  Withdraw.    Retreat.    Depart.    Se- 


and  suscitare,  to  summon  vp. 

Stn.  Revive.  Re-ejtcite.  Reanimate.  | 
Reinvigorate.     Revivify. 

Ant.  Extinguish.  Lay.  Prostrate,  | 
Quench. 


cede.    Shrink.    Repair. 

Ant.  Approach.    Advance. 


Eetain,  v.  tr.    Lat.  retinere. 

Srx.  Keep.    Hold.    Restrain. 

Ant.  Abandon.    Forfeit.    Surrender. 


i      Eetirement,  IK    See  Eetii'e. 

I        Syn.     Solitude.      Privacy.      Departure. 
I  Seclusion.     Recess.     Concavity.     Retreat. 
I        Ant.   Publicity.     Approach.    Advance. 
Prominence.    Protrusion.     Convexity. 


Eetaliate,  V.  tr.  lie,  again,  \ 
and  talis,  such.  To  requite  such  j 
a  mode  or  measure  of  treatment ! 


Eetort,  n.  Lat.  retorquere, 
refortus,  to  twist  hack,  i.e.,  his  own 
sally  or  argument  upon  another. 

Syn.  Rejoinder.    Replication.    Repartei 


as    one     has     received,     but     re-     Reciprocation.     RetaliaUon.     Reply.    An 

strioted  hy  usage  to  an  unfavour- 
able sense. 

Stn.   Avenge.     Retort.     Repay.     Re 


Eetaliation,  n 
liate. 

Syn.   Revenge.     Repayment.     Ketribu 


Bon.     Requital.    Reprisals.    Reciprocation,    say.      Di 

Ant.   Pardon.     Condonation.      Forgive-  |  counce. 
VL-6t!.    Remission. 


swer. 

Amt.  Concession.    Confession.   Acquies- 
cence.   Acceptance. 

Ektoet,  V.  tr.    See  noun, 
Eetbaot,  v.  tr.  and  i7it.      lie- 
See   Beta-   tractare,  from  retrahere,  to  draw 
:  hack. 

Stn.  Withdraw.    RecaU    Revoke.    Ua- 
Recant.      Abjire.      E» 


Ant.  Reiterate.    Repeat. 


336 


Retractation,   n 
tract. 

Rbtubat,  v.  int.     Fr.  rv trail 
to  withdraw. 
Stn.  See  Retire. 

Retreat,  n.  See  verb.  Used 
also  for  the  place  of  retreat. 

SrN.  Retiioment.  Departure.  With- 
drawal. Seclusion.  Solitude.  Privacy. 
Asylum.    Shelter.     Refuge.    Recess, 

Ant.  See  Retirement. 

Retrench,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  re- 
tr'-ncher,  to  cut  back. 

Stn.  Reduce.  Abbreviate.  Diminish. 
],imit.  Contract.  Curtail.  Lessen.  Kcouo- 
mize. 

Aut.  Enlarge.  Increase.  Extend.  Ex- 
pand.   Multiuly.    Amplify.    Augment. 

Retrenchment,  n.    See  verb. 

Retribution,  n.  Lat.  retri- 
buere,  to  give  back  or  assign  a 
punishment  to  an  offence.  Re- 
stricted by  present  usage  to  this 
unfavourable  sense. 

SrN.  Penally.  Repayment.  Reward. 
Compensalion.    Punishment.    Visitation. 

Akt.  Condonation.  Remission.  Pardon. 
Reprieve.    Non-retribution.    Sparing. 

Retrievable,  adj.  See  Re- 
trieve. 

Syn.  Recoverable.  Redeemable.  Hope- 
ful.   Salvable.     Refnrmable.    Amendable. 

AuT,  Hopeless.  Desperate.  Irredeemable. 
Irrecoverable.  Reprobate.  Lost.  Irre- 
formable.    Unamendable. 

Retrieve,  v.  tr.  Fr.  retrouver, 
to  find  again. 

Stn.  Recover.  Regain.  Rescue.  Re- 
pair.   Restore. 

Ant.  Lose.  Forfeit.  Abandon.  Betray. 
Surrender.    Impair.    Deteriorate. 

Retrogression,  n.     Lat.  re- 

trogrvdi,  gressus,  to  ste})  backu'ards. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Retreat.  Retirement.  Decline. 
Relapse. 

Ant.  Advance.  Progress.  Improve- 
ment.   Amelioration. 

Rd^trospeot,  n.  Lat.  rctro- 
hpicere,  spectus,  to  look  back. 

SyN.  Review.  Survey.  Recollection. 
RemiiiiBcenco.    Reconsideratiou. 


Si/nomjms  and  Antonyms. 
Sec    Re 


Ant.  lYogn<,>tication.  AnticraiioB, 
Speculation.  Forecasting.  Piophecv  I'ro- 
sppct. 

Rkturn,  V.  tr.  and  int.  Fr. 
retourner. 

Syn.  Recur.  Revert.  Reappear.  Re- 
pay. Requite.  Recompense.  Retaliate 
Render.    Restore.    Yield.    Produce. 

A.\T.  Depart.  Remove.  Vanish.  Dis- 
appear.  Retain.  Appropriate.  JMisappro- 
priate.    Alienate.    Withhold. 

Rbveal,  V.  tr.  Bcvelare,  to 
unveil,    re,    back,    and  velum,  a 

veil. 

Syn.  Unveil.  Disclose.  Show.  Com. 
municate.    Divulge.    Discover.    Expose. 

Ant.  Hide.  Obscure.  ConceaL  Suppress 

Cover.    Cloak. 

Revel,  v.  int.  Old  Fr.  revel, 
noise,  resistance,  Lat.  rebellare, 
and  so  another  form  of  rebel,  to 
carouse  noisily. 

Syn.  Carouse.  Feast.  Banquet  Luxu- 
riate.   Wallow. 

Ant.  Fast.    Abstain.    Nauseate. 

Re\^elation,  n.    See  Reveal. 
Revelry,  n.    See  Revel. 
Revenge,   n.      Lat.    revindi- 

catiu. 

Stn.  Retaliation.  Vengeance.  Retribu- 
tion.    Requital. 

Ant.  Condonation.  Pardon.  Com- 
passion.    Remission. 

Revenge,  v.  tr.    See  noun. 
Revengeful,  adj.      See    Re- 
venge. 

Sy.v.  Vindictive.  Unforgiving.  Uu- 
coui  passionate.    Spiteful.     Resentful. 

Ant.  Uuvindictive.  Forgiving.  Com- 
passionate. Unresentful.  Generous.  Chi- 
valrous. 

Revenue,  n.     Old  Fr.,  from 

revenir,  to  return. 

Syn.  Income.  Produce.  Return.  Pro- 
ceeds.   Fruits.     Wealth.     Enrichment. 

AxT.  Outgoings.  Expenditure.  Waste. 
Deductions.  Exhaustion.  K.xpense.  Im- 
poverishment. 

Reverberate,  v.  int.  liever' 
bcrare,  from  re,  back,  tind  verb(» 
rare,  to  beat  or  lash,  verber,  a  lash. 

Syn.  Echo.  Recoil.  Reflect.  RtTert 
Resound. 

Ant.  Strike.    Impinge.    Beal, 


Si/nomjms  and  Ardonyms. 


PiEVERBEKATION,  It.  *See  Ee- 
rerberato. 

Keverence,  n.  Lat.  rever- 
ciifi'i. 

Stn.  Hiinnur.  Awe.  Veneration. 
Adoration.  I>i-leience.  Devjtiou.  Respect. 
Wuisaii).     llonuise. 

Ant.  Disliimour.  Contempt.  Slight. 
Irreverence.    Contumely.    Contumacy. 

Reverie,  ».  Fr.,  from  reuer, 
to  ilri'nm. 

Stx.  Dream.  Day-dream.  Trance. 
Vision.  Phantasy.  Ideality.  Wool-gather- 
ing.    Wandering.     Alusing. 

Ant.  Study.  Attention.  Diligence. 
Application. 

Ekverse,  V.  tr.  Lat.  revertere, 
versus. 

SvN.  Invert.    Derange.    Counterchange. 

ANT.  Order.  Arrange.  Place.  Collo- 
cate.   Kange. 

Reverse,  n.  See  Reverse.  It 
has  the  peculiar  sense  of  a 
counterchauge  of  fortune  from 
good  to  bad. 

Stx.  Inversion.  Derangement.  Counter- 
change.  Counterpo.sition.  Opposition.  Con- 
trariety. Contradiction.  Alteration. 
Change.  Mutation.  Rear.  Back.  Kvolu- 
tion.    Counterexhibition. 

AST.  Version.  Arrangement.  Sequence. 
Order.  Collocation.  Position.  Perpetua- 
tion. Continuance.  Stability.  Identity. 
Uniformity.     Regularity.    Obverse.    Front. 

Reversible,  adj.  See  Ee- 
vei-se. 

Stn.  Changeable.  Exchangeable. 
C.iunterrhangeable.  Alterable.  Mutable. 
Revocable.     Di>cretional. 

Ant.  Perpetual.  Unalterable.  'Jn- 
changeable.  irreversible.  Absolute.  Un- 
discretional. 

Revert,  v.  itit.   Lat.  revertere. 

Stn.  Return.  Accrue.  Reaccrue. 
Recur. 

Akt.  Depart.  Escheat.  Ignore.  Drop. 
Dismiss.    Discard. 

Review,  v.  tr.  Fr.  revue,  from 
nrnir,  to  See  again,  Lat.  revidere. 

Stn.  Reconsider.  Revise.  Examine. 
.Survey,     inspect. 

Ant.  Discard.  Dismiss.  Overlook. 
Skim.    Disregard.     Misexamine. 

Eevilk,  V.  tr.  To  treat  as 
Tile. 


387 


Stn.   Reproach.     Slander.     Ca!umniat<>, 

Vilify.    Abuse.     Blai^pheme. 

Ant.  Flatter.  Compliment.  Euloglfe. 
Panegyrize.    Laud.    Kxtol. 

Eevise,  V.  tr.  Lat.  revisere 
from  revidere.     See  Eeview. 

Eevive,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Be 
and  vivHs,  alive.  To  bring  or 
return  to  life. 

Syx.  Reanimate.  Revivify.  Resusci- 
tate. Refresh.  Reassure.  Recover.  Awake. 
Live. 

Ant.  Extinguish.  Kill.  Depress,  hx- 
baust.  Discourage.  Droop.  Fade.  Wither. 
Decline.    Die. 

Eeviviey,  V.  tr.  lie,  again, 
and  vivifi.care,  from  vivus,  alive, 
and  face  re,  to  make. 

Eevooable,  adj.  See  Revoke 
and  Eeversible. 

Eevoke,  v.  tr.  Lat.  revocare,  to 
call  back. 

Stn.  Rccal.  Withdraw.  Cancel 
Annul. 

Ast.  Sanction.  Enact.  Perpetuate. 
Enforce.    Reiterate.    Renew. 

Eevolt,  V.  int.  Fr.  revolter, 
Lat.  revolvere,  volutus. 

Stn.  Rebel.  Struggle.  Kick.  Resist. 
Rise.    Recalcitrate. 

Ant.  Acquiesce.    Obey.    Submit. 

Eevolt,  «.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Insurrection.  Sedition.  Rebellion. 
Mutiny. 

AsT.  Submission.  Acquiescence.  Loy- 
alty. 

Ekvolting,  adj.  Causing  a 
feeling  of  revolution. 

Stn.  Shocking.  Repulsive.  Offensive. 
Horrible.    Hideous.    Abhorrent. 

Akt.  Attractive.  Genial.  Pleasing. 
Charming.    Captivating. 

Eevolution,  n.  Lat.  revolvere, 
vohdus,  to  turn  luck. 

Stn.  Rotation.  Periodicity.  Return. 
Change.  Alteration.  Revulsion.  Revolt. 
Reconstitutum.    Emewte. 

Ant.  Fixity.  Permanence.  Stability. 
Conservation.  Allegiance.  Stabilltation, 
Perpetuation.    Suppression. 

Eevolve,  v.  tr.  See  Revolu- 
tion. Used  metaphorically  of 
examining  in  the  mind. 


338 


Synonytns  and  Anfonijms. 


Stn.  Contemplate.  Turn.  Consider. 
Weigh.    Ponder.    B.xamlne. 

ANT.  Di^card.  Disregard.  Dismiss. 
Misconsider. 

Ekvulsion,  «.  Lat.  revellere, 
vidsus,  to  jnill  hack. 

SvN.  Revolution.  Abhorrence.  Es- 
trangement.    Antagonism. 

Ant.  Coincidence.  Harmony.  Acqui- 
escence. Sympathy.  Reconcilement.  Fa- 
miliarity.   Reciprocity. 

Ebwakd,  V.  tr.  The  same 
word  as  Eegard,  the  gu  of  the 
French  (fuarderhQmg  represented 
by  the  English  w.  Now  restricted 
to  a  favourable  sense. 

Stn.  Compensate.  Honour.  Decorate. 
Remunerate. 

Ant.  Punish.     Misreqnite. 

EiCH,  adj.  Aug.  Sax.  rlc,  Fr. 
riche.    Used  in  many  analogous 


Stn.  Wealthy.  Opulent.  Affluent. 
Abundant,  tfenerous.  Productive.  Copioue. 
Fertile.  Fruitful.  Valuable.  Costly.  High- 
flavoured.  Luscious.  Oleaginous.  Vivid, 
Deep.     Bright.    Superb.    Gorgeous. 

Ant.  Poor.  Impoverished.  Impe- 
cunious. Needy.  Indigent.  Reduced.  K.x- 
hausted.  Unproductive.  Scanty.  Niggardly. 
Barren.  Sterile.  Unfruitful.  Valuelfss. 
Tasteless.  Watery.  Pale.  Beggarly.  Nude. 
Bald.    Cold. 

EiCHES,  n.     Fr.  richesse. 

Stn.  Wealth.  Opulence.  Affluence. 
AVealthiness.  Richness.  Plenty.  Abund- 
ance.    Treasure.    Possessions. 

Ant.  Poverty.  Pauperism.  Impecuni- 
osity.  Neediness.  Indigence.  Destitution. 
Necessity.  Lack.  Privation.  Beggary. 
Insolvency. 

EiDDANCE,  n.  Old  Eng.  red, 
modern  rii/,  to  deliver. 

Sr.v.  Quittance.  Dispensation.  Libera- 
tion.   Escape. 

Ant.  Entanglement  Burden.  Nuisance. 
Annoyance. 

EiDDLE,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  rcedan. 
Genu,  rathen,  to  counsel. 

Syn.  Puzzle.  Enigma.  Ambiguity 
Problem.    Paradox. 

Ant.  Solution.  Explanation.  State- 
ment.   Proposition.    Axiom. 

EIDICULB,  v.  Lat.  ridicidus, 
to  be  laughed  at,  from  ridere,  to 


SvN.  Derision.  Banter.  RaiUerj  Rm 
lesque.  Caricature.  Mockery.  1  cay. 
Satire.  Sarcasm.  Jeer.  Sneer.  Ca  bin- 
nation.     Disrespect. 

Ant.  Veneration.  Respect  Deference-. 
Salutation.    Honour.    Homage. 

EIDICULE,  V.  tr.     See  noun. 
EiDicuLOUS,  adj.      See  Eidi- 
cule. 

Syn.  Laughable.  Ludicrous.  Dr<>U. 
Contemptible.  Preposterous.  Absurd 
Grotesque.     Trifling.     Trivial. 

Ant.  Serious.  Grave.  Important. 
Weighty.  Considerable.  Venerable.  Im- 
posing.    Majestic. 

Eight,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  rifd, 
Lat.  redua,  from  re</ere,  to  rule  or 
direct.  That  which  obeys  the  law 
of  truth,  justice,  or  propriety. 

Stn.  Rectitude.  Correctness.  Straight- 
ness.  Integrity.  Justice.  Truth.  I'ru- 
priety.  Fitness.  Suitableness.  Claim. 
Power.    Privilege. 

Ant.  Wrong.  Incorrectness.  Crooked- 
ness, rerverseness.  Disintegrity.  Injustice. 
Falsehood.  Impropriety.  Unfilm  ss.  Usurp- 
ation.   Encroachment.    Force.    \'iolence. 

Eight,  adj.     See  noun. 

ElGHTEOUS,  adj.     See  Eight. 

Stn.  Upright.  Just  Godly.  VirtuoBs 
Uncorrupl  Hightful.  Equitable.  Truth- 
ful.   Conscientious. 

Ant.  Unrighteous.  Perverse.  Evil. 
Unjust  Ungodly.  Vicious.  Corrupt 
Wrcingrul.  False.  Unconscientious.  Un- 
principled. Unjustifiable.  Abandoned. 
Profligate.     Dishonourable.     Unfair. 

ElGHTEOUSNESS,  n.  See  Eight- 
eous. 

ElGiD,  adj.  Lat.  rigidus.  Used 
physically  of  material,  and  me- 
taphorically of  moral,  disposi- 
tion. 

Stn.  Stiff.  Unpliant  Unfle.xible.  Stui.- 
born.  Tough.  Stark.  Staunch.  Un- 
swerving. E.\act  Unbending.  Undeviat- 
Ing.     Austere. 

i\KT.  Pliant  Docile.  Flexible.  Varia- 
ble.  Mild.  Lenient  Inexact  rielding. 
Inconstant    Inconsistent 

ElGOUB,  n.     See  Eigid. 

EiOT,  w.     Old  Fr.  riote. 

SvN.  Noise.  Uproar.  Tumult  lU'Tel 
Disturbance.    'Turbulence. 

Awf.  Peace.  Pacification.  Sobrii-ty 
Quiescence.   Or^lcrliness. 


Si/Honi/ms  and  Antomjins. 

Ant.    Hurry. 


■R.PB,  adj.     Ang.  Sax.  ripe. 

Sin.  Mature.  Perfect.  Developed.  Kiill. 
Complete.  Advanced.  Matured.  Seasoned. 
Consummate.  Ready.  Prepared.  Jlel- 
lowed.     Omcocted. 

Ant.  Green.  Raw.  Crude.  Immature. 
I'ri^mature.  Imperfect.  Undeveloped. 
Blighted.  Withered.  Unseasoned.  Sour. 
Unready.  Unfit.  Unprepared.  Unmel- 
lowed. 

EiSE,  V.  int.     Ang.  Sax.  risan. 

Svs.  Ascend.  Mount.  Float.  Soar. 
Grow.  Arise.  Tower.  Slope.  Emerge. 
Appear.  Spring.  Originate.  Extend.  Ex- 
pand. Swell.  Increase.  Excel.  Prosper. 
CUmb. 

Ant.  Descend.  Decline.  Smk.  Drop. 
Diminish.  FaU.  Subside.  Crouch.  Nestle. 
Dip.  Set.  Wane.  Vanish.  Disappear. 
Terminate.  End.  Debouch.  Contract. 
Decrease.    Fail. 

ElSiBLE,  adj.  Risibilis,ridere, 
to  laugh.     Hee  Kidiculous. 

EiSK,  n.  Old  Fr.  risque,  Sp- 
risco,  a  precipice. 

Stn.  Hazard.  Danger.  Peril.  Ex- 
posure.   Jeopardy. 

Ant.  Safety.  Security.  Insurance. 
Protection.    Prophylactic. 

£l8E,  V.  tr.     See  noun. 

Kite,  >;.  Lat,  ritus.  Any 
usage  established  by  law,  pre- 
cept, or  custom. 

Stn.  Form.  Custom.  Ceremony.  Ob- 
servance.    Usage.    Celebration. 

Ant.  Inobservance.  Disuse.  Obsolete- 
ness. Non-observance.  Non-celebration. 
Desuetude. 

Eival,  V.  nivalis,  from  rlmts, 
a  river.  A  dweller  on  the  banks 
of  the  same  river,  yet  of  a  dif- 
ferent nationality. 

Stn.  Antagonist.   Competitor.  Co-suitor. 
Ant.   Adherent.     Supporter.    Comrade. 
Ooat^jutor.    Neutral. 

EiVAL,  V.  tr.     See  noun. 


Speed.      Fly.      ilabteu. 

Old   Fr.    rc/'o. 


I      EoB,   V.   tr. 
I  Germ,  rauben. 

I       Stn.  Plunder.    Deprive.   Denude.  Stri| . 

Pillage.    Defraud.    Cheat.    Impcverish. 
1        Ant.    Compensate.      Endow.      Enrich. 

InvesL    Indemnify. 

EoBBKB,  11.     See  Eob. 
Sin.    Thief.     Depredator.     I'Uinderei. 
Freebooter.    Brigand.     Pirate. 
Ant.  Guard.    Escort.    Protector. 

EoBK,  V.  tr.  Fr.  rohe.  Conn, 
with  rob.  Either  originally  a 
skin  stripped  from  an  animal,  or 
garments  taken  in  war. 

Syn.    Invest.     Array.       " 
Dr.Hpe. 

Ant.   Div« 
nude.     Strip. 

EOBUBT,  adj.  Lat.  robustiis, 
from  rohur,  oak,  strength. 

Stn.  Strong.  Lusty.  Sturdy.  Sinewy. 
Muscular.  Hale.  Hearty.  Vigorous.  Sound. 
Iron. 

Ant.  Weak.  Frail.  Puny.  Fragile. 
Weakly.    Delicate.    Sickly. 

EoGUE,    n.      Probably    conn, 
with  the  Fr.  roder,  to  wander. 
Sin.  Vagabond.    Scamp.    Rascal, &c. 
Ant.  True-penny.    Gentleman. 

EoGUEBY,  71.     See  Eogue. 

Stn.  Trickery.  Cheating.  Chicanery 
Swindling.  Vagabondism.  Mischief.  Fraud. 
Knavery. 

Ant.  Honesty.  Integrity.  Honour.  Up- 
rightness.   Conscientiousness. 

EoLLiCKiNG,  adj.  Prob.  made 
up  of  the  words  roU  and  fi.-olick. 

Stn.  Roy.^tering.  Frolicsome.  Hoy- 
denish.     Blustering. 

Ant.  Staid.    Sedate.    Demure. 

Eomance,  n.    A   composition 


Clothe.      Deck. 
Disrobe.    Unclothe.    1  )e- 


Sys.  Emulate.    Challenge.   Equal.  Con-    of  poetry  and   fiction   written  iu 

n       ,.„  the  Eomanesque  languages ;  that 

is,  the  languages  of  modern 
!  Europe  mixed  with  the  Eoman 
'  or  Latin. 

!        Stn.    Fable.    Fiction.    Novel.     Marvel. 
Rhapsody.        Rodomontade.       Gasconade. 
Range.    StrolL     Balderda-sh. 

Jan.  Hisloiy     Narrative.  Tnith.  Fuel 

z2 


tend.    Strive.    Compete. 

Ant.  Succumb.  Surrender.   Yield.    Pi 
Eu)te.    Reverence.    Retire.    Defer. 

ElVALEY,  n.     See  Eival. 

EoAM,  V.  int.     Old  Fr.  roniit 
It.  romcro,  romeo,  a  pil</rim 

Stn.    \\'an(ler.     Ro'je. 
EUuuble.    Striy.    Saurver. 


340 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Romantic,  adj.    See  Romance. 

Sttc.  Fabulous.  Rhapsodical.  Fictitious. 
Sentimental. 

Ant.  Historical.  Literal.  Truthful. 
Unrcmantic.     Unvarnislu'il.     Unadorned. 

Room,  n.     Aag.  Sax.  ncm. 

Stn.  Space.  Ground.  Compass.  Kx- 
fent.  Locality.  Opportunity.  Capability. 
Occasion.     Margin.    Capacity.     Admission. 

Ant.  Restsiction.  Limitation.  Cnu- 
fiiiement.  Incapability.  Exclusion.  Neu- 
tralization. 

Root,  h  .  Dan.  rod.  Allied  to 
Lat  nidix,  and  Gi".  pi'fa.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Stn.  Radix.  Radicle.  Stem.  Oris^ln. 
Source.  Spring.  Rise.  Commencement. 
I'arent. 

Ant.  Branch.  Ramification.  Outcome, 
i'roduct.    Issue.     Piogeny. 

Rooted,  adj.     See  Root. 

Syn.  Fixed.  Establish.d.  Grounded. 
Based.  Inveterate.  Domiciled.  Naturalized. 
IiistoUed. 

Ant.  LTnestablished.  Insecure.  Uncer- 
tain. Wavering.  Unsettled.  Oscillating. 
L'ubious.  Precarious.  Superficial.  Specious. 
Propped.    Bolstered.    Shored. 

Rot,  n.     Aug.  Sax.  rotian,   to 

ptdrefi/. 

Stn.  Putrefaction.  Corruption.  Decay. 
Putrescence.    Mouldiness.    Mildew. 

AxT  Integrity.  \Vhalesomeness.  Sound- 
ness. Vigour.  Preservation.  Healthiness. 
.Sweetness.    Purity. 

Rotation,   n.     Lat.    rota,   a 

wheel. 

Syn.  Tuni.  Series.  Order.  Succession. 
Revolution.  Course.  Reversion.  Recur- 
rence. 

Ant.  Simultaneity.  Perpetuity.  Con- 
stancy. Non-intermittence.  Contempo- 
raneousness. 

Rotten,  adj.     See  Rot. 

Rotundity,  «.  Having  more 
or  less  the  character  of  round- 
ness.    Uotnndus,  round. 

Stn.  Roundness.  Convexity.  Circularity. 
Sphericity.  Globosity.  Prominence.  Pro- 
tuberance.    Intumescence. 

Ant.  Concavity.    Flatness.   Angularity. 

Rough,  ((dj.  Ang.  Sax.  hrcoiv, 
and  other  forms.     Germ,  ranch. 

Syn.  Uneven.  Harsh.  Bristly.  Scabrons. 
KuKui'd.  Knotty.  Unpoli.-li.d.  Uoi^tenlUS. 
Cempeii^»soii».     Sloixay.     Coarso.    ?^JLggy. 


Disordered.   Unrefined.  Uncourteous.  Biicei 
Unshaped.    Churlish.     Blunt. 

Ant.  Even.  Smooth.  Level.  Polished. 
Glabrous.  Glossy.  Glassy.  Silky.  Sleek. 
Velvety.  Calm.  Tranquil.  Refined. 
Courteous.  Courtly.  Shapely.  Shaped. 
Finished.    Oily.     Specious. 

Round,  adj.     See  Rotundity. 

Rouse,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with  Raise, 
which  see. 

Stn.  Wake.  Excite.  Agitate.  Startle. 
Surprise. 

Ant.  Compose.  Allay.  Calm.  Soothe. 
Quiet.     Repress. 

Routine,  n.  Fr.  route,  jxdh, 
tvay,  road. 

SvN.  Round.  Course.  Succession.  Order. 
Rule.  Custom.  System.  Sequence.  Gra- 
dation. Rotation.  Stereotype.  Prescrip- 
tion. Tenor.  Uniformity.  Method.  Set- 
tlement.   Regulation. 

Ant.  C;>sualtj'.  Chance.  Lottety.  For- 
tune. Impulse.  Interest.  Individuality. 
Merit.  Spontaneity.  Alterableness.  Mar- 
gin.   Deviation.    Jlodification. 

Rove,  v.  int.   Conn,  with  Rob, 

Stn.  See  Roam. 

Row,  11.    Ang.  Sax.  raw. 

Syn.  Series.  Order.  Rank.  Sequence. 
Continuation.  Continuity.  File.  String. 
Concittenation.    Thread. 

Ant.  Dissociation.  Di.<connection.  Rup- 
ture. Intermission.  Hiatus.  Solution. 
Failure.  Gap.  Discontinuance.  Dissolu- 
tion. Inconsequence.  Derangement.  De- 
viation. Flexion.  Deflexion.  Irregularity 
Sinuosity.    Flexuosity. 

Rubicund,  adj.  Lat.  ruhicun- 
di(s,  riibescere,  tu  (jroiu  red,  rubes, 
red. 

Stn.  Ruddy.    Flushed.    Red.    Sanguine, 


Ant.  Pale.  Wan.  Pallid.  Exsan- 
guineous. 

RUDDT,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  ruder, 
redness,  rud,  reod,  read,  red.  See 
Rubicund. 

Rude,  adj.  Lat.  rudis.  Tui- 
tiatory,  incomplete.  _ 

Syn.  ha|)ertinent.  Rough.  uneven. 
Shapeless.  Unl'asliloned.  Artless.  Un- 
polished. Uncoutli.  Inelegant.  Rustic. 
Coarse.  Vulgar.  Clownish.  Haw.  Uu« 
skilful.  Untaught.  Illiterate.  Isnonint. 
Uncivil.  Saucy.  Impolite.  lu  pudent. 
liii^oleiit.  Surly.  Currish.  Churiish.  Bratal 
Uncivilized.    Biirbarous.    Savage,     \iolent 


Synonifms  and  Ardonynif^. 


541 


rnmnllnons.  Tirbulent.  Impetuous. 
BoistfTOUs.  Harsh.  Inclcinent.  Severe. 
Insulting.  Grotesque.  Barbaric.  Archaic. 
\■s^.  M(Kicst.  Bashful,  avil.  Cour- 
Leous.  Ceremonious.  Deferential.  Smooth. 
Kven.  Artistic.  Polished.  Fashioned. 
Courtly.  Elegant.  High-wrought.  Polite. 
Accommodating.  Considerate.  Refined, 
(ientle.  Peaceful.  Calm.  Genial  Biilmy. 
Halcyonic.  Serene.  Placid.  Modern. 
Jli'dish.    Fashionable. 

Rudiment,  n.  Lat.  rudimcn- 
t'liii,  from  riidis. 

.Srs.  Principle.  Beginning.  Germ.  Seed. 
h>iibryo.  p;iement.  Nucleus.  Initiation. 
Luinmencemeiit. 

.\>T.  Perfection.  Completion.  Deve- 
lopment. E.xpansion.  Organization.  Fruit, 
ilaturity.   Consummation.    Product.    Issue. 

EUDIMENTAL,    adj.,    EUDIMEN- 

T.A.BY,  adj.  -S'  p  Eudimeut.  The 
clitference  of  tliese  two  adjectives 
consists  in  their  application.  Eu- 
dimental  is  subjective,  Eudinien- 
tary,  objective.  So  a  radimental 
education,  a  rudimentary  leg  or 
wing  in  anatomy,  implying  that 
it  was  not  fully  organized  or  de- 
veloped. 

EuE,  V.  tr.  Aug.  Sax.  hreoivan. 
See  Eepent, 

EuFFLE,  V.  tr.  Old  Eng.  ruff. 
Equivalent  to  rough. 

SrN.  Wrinkle.  Rougtien.  Discompose, 
riisturb.  Agitate.  Disorder.  Derange. 
Disarrange.    Cinfuse.    Excite. 

-Vkt.  Smooth.  Allay.  Equalize.  Com- 
pose. Quiet.  Arrange.  Calm.  Stroke. 
Conciliate. 

Bugged,  adj.  From  the  root 
of  riif/.    Eough. 

Stu.  Uneven.  Biistly.  Shaggy.  Rough. 
AViinkled.  Rude.  Harsh.  Hard.  Crabbed. 
Sevi-re.  Austere.  Surly.  Turbulent.  In- 
clement. Bluff.  Blunt.  Untutored.  Churl- 
ish.   Unpolished.    Difficult. 

Ant.  Even.  S-nooth.  Polished.  Gla- 
V.n.us.  Silky.  Glassy.  Refin^d.  Fine. 
Finished.  Soft.  Mild.  Courtly.  Courteous. 
Ste  Rude. 

Ruin,  n.  Lat.  rnin^i,  from 
mere,  to  fall. 

Stn.  Fall.  Destruction.  Defe.it.  Over- 
throw-. l„ip>p.  Collapse.  Desolation. 
Downfall.    1'.  ni.ti  a.    Subversion.    De<aj-. 


Decadence.        Prostration.         Dilapidation 
Disorganization. 

Ant.  Rise.  Success.  Prosperity.  .Sal- 
■ation.  Rescue.  Recovery.  Stabllilation. 
Conservation.  Regeneration.  Revivifica- 
tion. Reparation.  Renascence.  Organiza- 
tion.   Construction. 

Rule,  n.     Lat.  regula. 

Syk.  Regulation.  Law.  Precept.  Maxim. 
Guide.  Canon.  Order.  Method.  Direction. 
Control.  Government.  Decision.  Deter- 
mination.    Habit. 

Ant.  Irregularity.  N'onconfonnity.  Ex- 
ception.   Iieviation.    Eccentricity. 

Ruminate,  v.  int.  liumen,  the 
end.  To  chew  the  cud  of 
thought. 

Sv.v.  Muse.    Meditate.   Ponder.   Think. 

Reflect.    Cogitate.    Brood. 

Ant.     Unbend.      Relax.     Idle.     Gape. 

Wool-gather. 

Rumour,  ".     Lat.  rumor. 

Stn.  Report.  Repute.  Hearsay.  Pub- 
lication.   Bruit. 

Ast.  Authentication.  Verification, 
Proof.    Evidence.    Notoriety. 

Rumple,  v.   tr.    Dutch  rim- 

pehn,  r('iii}iden. 

Stn.  Rufil.-.  Wrinkle.  Pucker.  Corru- 
gate.    Derange.     Roughen. 

Ant.  Smooth.    Flatten.    Arrange. 

Run,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax.  rinnan. 

Stn.  Course.  Go.  Speed.  Hasten. 
Hurry.  Fly.  Rush.  Escape.  Retreat. 
Pass.  Proceed.  Flow.  Ooze.  Leak.  Melt. 
Fuse.  Confuse.  Blend.  Extend.  Reach. 
Work.  Operate.  Traverse.  Tend.  In- 
cline. 

Ant.  Walk.  Saunter.  Lounge.  Drag. 
Stay.  Stop.  Halt.  Hobble.  Resist.  Hold. 
Stanch.  St.ind.  FaiL  Drop.  Expire. 
Disincline.    Hesitate. 

RuPTCRB,  n.  Lat.  ruptura, 
rnmjxre,  riqttns,  to  break  or  burt^t. 
The  act  or  condition  of  bursting. 

Stn.  Breaking.  Bursting;.  Tearing. 
Laceration.  Partition.  Disruption.  Breach. 
DisS'Olution.  Fracture.  Break.  Severance. 
Disseverance.  Discerption.  Disorganization. 
Separation.  Dilaceration.  Dismember- 
ment. 

Ant.  Union.  Uniting.  Healing.  Fusion. 
Amalgamation.  Coalition.  Suture.  Junc- 
tion.   Reunion. 

RCBAL,  adj.     Lat.   ri(.<!,   rnriz, 
the  coantry. 
I        STS.    Countryfied.       Rustic.      Agrlcul 


312 


Synonyms  and  Antony 


tiT-al.     Baeolic.    Vcrd:int.    Sylvan.    Grassy, 
iicadiati.     Pastoral. 

Ant.  Urban.    Oppidan.    Civic. 

Bush,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax.  hris- 
ciun,  to  shake ;  hrysc,  a  bursting 
'>!'  rushing  in. 

Stn.  Speed.  Course.  Dash.  Charge. 
Drive     Fly.    Burst. 

Ant.  March.  Saunter.  Lag.  Retreat. 
Halt.    Hesitate. 

EusT,  7!.  Ang.  Sax.  ?7(.s^.  The 
oxide  of  iron.  Used  metaphori- 
cally for  inactivity,  and  the  signs 
of  it. 

Stn.  Corrosion.  Crust.  Dross.  Indo- 
lence. Inactivity.  Decay.  Canker.  Inac- 
tion. 

Ant.  Polish.  Attrition.  Use.  Action. 
Operation.    Activity.    Exercise.    Industry. 

EuSTIO,  n.  Rustkus,  belonging 
to  the  country,  from  rus,  the 
country. 

Srs.  Clown.  Boor.  Clod.  Swain.  Lout. 
Booby. 

Ant.  Beau.  Savant.  Dandy.  Man  of 
the  world. 

ErrsTic,  adj.     See  noun. 

Syh.  Rural.  Agricultural.  Bucolic. 
Nomadic.  Sylvan.  Verdant.  Pastoral. 
Rude.  Awkward.  Unpolished.  Clownish. 
Clumsy.  Rough.  Coarse.  Plain.  Unso- 
phisticated    Simple.    Artless.    Primitive. 

Ant.  Urban.  Oppidan.  Civic.  Fashion- 
able. Modish.  Klegant.  Sophisticated. 
P.efiiied.    Courtly.     Polished. 

EusTiciTT,  n.     See  Eustie. 

EusTLE,  n.     Ang.    Sax.  hrist- 

lav. 

Si-N.  Quiver.  Whisper.  Susurration. 
Murmur.    Sisliing. 

Ant.  Hubbub.  Blast.  Din.  Racket. 
Crashing. 

EusTY,  adj.     See  Eust. 

EuTHLESS,  adj.  Devoid  of 
ruth,  that  is,  sorrow,  pity,  ten- 


Syn.  Unpitylng.  Unrelenting.  Trucu- 
lent.    Unsparing. 

Ant.  Tender.  Regretful.  I./enlPnt.  Com- 
passionate.   Forbearing.    Long-suffering. 

Eutilant,  adj.  Rutilans,  from 
r>.it.tl'iii',  to  make  nr  be  composed  of 


a  red  coJo'ir.     To  bum  with  a  red 
flashing  liglit. 

Sts.  igneous.  Flammiferous.  Flaming. 
Blazing.  Coruscant.  McHeorlc.  Flashing. 
Sciniillant. 

Akt.    Glowing.     Incandescent.    Gleam* 


Sable,  adj.  From  the  animal 
so  called.  Called  by  Marco  Polo 
zibehne  and  zombohne.  Prob, 
the  Eussian  sobolji. 

Syn.  Dark.     Black.     Sombre.    Ebon. 
Ant.  Bright.    J^ight.    White.   Ivory. 

Sacerdotal,    adj.      Sacerdos, 

dutis,  a  priest. 

Stn.  Priestly.    Hierarchical.    ClericaL 
Ant.  Laic.    Congregational. 

Sack,  v.  tr.    Fr.    See  Plimder. 

SrN.  Plunder.  Pillage.  Ravage.  Waste. 
Spoil. 

Ant.  Spare.  Indemnify.  Protect.  Pre- 
serve. 

Sacked,  adj.    Lat.  saccr. 

Syn.  Holy.  Divine.  Hallowed.  Con- 
secrated.    Religious.    Inviolable. 

Ant.  Unholy.    Common.    Profane.    Un- 

consecrated. 

Sacrifice,  v.  tr.  Sacer  and 
facm-e.  Used  in  the  analogous 
sense  of  abandon  at  a  loss. 

Syn.  Offer.  Immolate.  Destroy.  Sur- 
render.   Forego. 

Ant.  Reserve.  Retain.  Appropriate. 
Withhold. 

Sacrifice,  n.     See  verb. 

Syn.  OtTering.  Oblation.  Immolatiotu 
Surrender.  Destruction.  Atonement.  Pro- 
pitiation.   Appeasement.    Expiation. 

Ant.  Reservation.  Appropriation.  Re- 
tention. Salvation.  Rescue.  Offence. 
Transgression. 

Sad,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  sad.  Of 
old  meant  no  more  than  sedate. 

Syn.  Heavy.    (J rave.    I>ull.  Sorrowful. 

Mournful.    Gloomy.     Dijeetcd.  Depressed, 

Cheerless.  Serious.  Downcast.  Grievous. 
Melancholy.    Saturnine. 

Ant.  Light.     Light-hearted.  Cheerful. 

.Joylul.  Joyous.  Gay.  Glad.  Kxhilarat* 
ing.    Exhilarated.    Happy.     Blithe. 

Saddle,  V.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  sadul. 
Conn,  with  sit  and  seder  t.    Used 


Si/nonijms  and  Antonyms. 


o4o 


m  thfc  sense  of  placing  sometliinc; 
irksome  i;pon  another ;  to  saddle 
a  tiling  upon  a  person ;  to  saddle 
a  ]icrson  with  a  thing. 

SvN.  Impose.  Burden.  Load.  Shackle. 
CloK.    Charge.     Encumber. 

A  NT.  Kid.  Relieve.  Exonerate.  Dls- 
:;nrdeii.    Liberate.    Disencumber. 

Safe,  adj.    Old  Fr.  savf. 

SvN.  Secure.  Unendangered.  Secured. 
Sure.     Prelected.     Impregnable. 

Ant.  Insecure.  Imperilled.  Dangerous. 
Hazardous.    E.xposed. 

Sagacious,  adj.    Sagax. 

SvN.  Intelligent.  Discriminating.  Shrewd. 
Tenetrating.    Sapient. 

ANT.  Dull.  Obtuse.  Unintelligent. 
Stolid.    Undisceming. 

Sage,  v.    Fr.  sage. 

Stn.  Philosopher.    Savant.    Literate. 
Ant.    Fool,     imbecile.     Dolt.     Block- 
head. 

Saintly,  adj.  Lat.  sanctus. 
Like  a  saint. 

SvN.  Pure.  Holy.  Spiritual.  Heavcnly- 
tnimleil.    Pious.    Godly. 

Ant.  Impious.  Impure,  Unholy.  Un- 
spiritual.  Ungodly.  Carnal.  Foul.  Worldly. 
Earthly-minded.    Sinful. 

Salient,  adj.  Salievs,  part. 
of  mlire,  to  leap  or  come  forth 
qui  (My. 

Stn.  Projecting.  Springing.  Jutting. 
Abutting.  Prominent.  Conspicuous,  im- 
portant.   Noteworthy. 

Ant.  Ketreatins.  Retiring.  Returning. 
Rebated.  Unimportant.  Mrior.  Incon- 
Biderable.     Subordinate. 

Sally,  v.  int.  Fr.  saillir,  Lat. 
saJire. 

Stk.  Burst.     Start.    Issue. 

Art.  Retire.     Retreat.     Withdraw. 

Salubrity,  ii.  Lat.  saluher, 
from  salus,  lietdfJi. 

Stn.         Healthiness.  Healthfulness. 

^\  holesomeness.    .'t'alutariness. 

Ant.  Unwholeaomeness.    Unhealthiness. 

I- salubrity. 

Salutary,  adj.  See  Salubrity. 

Salutation,  n.  <5Ve  Salute. 

Salute,  v.  fr,  Sidits,  lualth. 
To  wish  he.ilth. 

'^vv.  I  [ill  ('oniplinient.  Accost.  Wel- 
cine.    Grcst. 


Salvation,  n.    Low  Lat.  -^aj- 

mdio,  from  saluiin,  na/e. 

Stn.  Preservation.  Saving.  Rescue, 
Deliverance. 

Ant.  Destruction.  Perdition.  Damna- 
tion. 

Salve,  J'.  <r.  Ang.-Sax.  s"d- 
fiari. 

Stn.  Heal.  Cure.  Mollify.  Redress. 
Remedv.    Mend.     Relieve. 

Ant.  Wound.  Hurt.  Irritate.  Injure. 
Aggravate.     Scarify. 

Same,  ndj.    Ang.  Sax.  same. 

Stn.  Identical. 

Ant.  Other.    Different. 

Sample,  v.  Lat.  exemplum. 
Another  ibrm  of  example. 

Stn.  Specimen.  Pattern.  Illustration. 
Case.    Exemplification.    Scantling. 

Ant.  E.\ception.  Deviation.  Abnormity. 
Monstrosity.  Variety.  Nondescript.  Hy- 
brid.    Nonsuch. 

Sanatory,  adj.  Lat.  mnarr, 
from  saints,  to  hnd.  Sanatory  is 
conducive  to  heahng;  sanitary, 
to  health. 

SvN.  Curative.  Sanative.  Remedial. 
Therapeutic.     Hygienic. 

Ant.  Morbihc.  Pestilential.  Noxious. 
Unwholesome.     I'ernicious. 

Sanctification,  n.  See  Sanc- 
tify. 

I     Sanctify,  v.  tr.    Lat.  sanctus, 
'tioly,facere,  to  make. 

St».  Consecrate.  Hallow.  Celebrate. 
Purify.     Justify.     Sanction.    Ratify. 

Ant.  Desecrate.  I'rotane.  Misobserve. 
Pollute.     Di.vmiiul. 

Sanction,  v.  Sanctio,  from 
suncirt',  to  ratij'i/. 

Stn.      Rcclitication.  Authorization. 

Authority.  Countenance.  Support.  Si'dl. 
Allowance. 

Ant.  Nullification.  Disallowance.  Dis. 
countenance.     Prohibition. 


Sanction,  v.  tr.    See  nonv. 
Sanctity,  n.    See  Sanction. 

Stn.  Holiness.  Sacredness.  GodliiiCBC. 
Piety.     Solemnity. 

Ant.  Unliolmer.s.  Profani'nes.s.  'Jtt 
gudliu.js.     imj'iety     Scculanlv 


811 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Sanctuary,  «.  Lat.  sandua- 
rium,  from  snudus.  Used  in  the 
Bcnse  of  refuge,  a  privilege  of 
sanctuary. 

Syn.  Sbrine.  Adytum.  Asylum.  Re- 
fuge.   Security.    Protection.     Inviolability. 

Ant.  Pitfall.  Trap.  Snare.  Betrayal. 
Violation.    Extradition. 

Sanguinary,  adj.    Lat.    sa«- 

f/uin,  hlvod. 

Syn.  Bloody.  Truculent.  Bloodthirsty. 
Murderous. 

Ant.  Lenii-nt.  Moderate.  Chivalrous. 
Generous.    Sparing.    Forbearing. 

Sanguine,  adj.  See  San- 
guinary. 

Syn.  Warm.  Ardent.  Lively.  Ani- 
mated.   Hopeful.    Confident.    Trustful. 

Ant.  Cold.  Frigid.  Desponding.  Dis- 
trustful. Croaking.  Misgiving.  Suspi- 
cious. Cautious.  Unveniuresome.  Timid. 
An.\ious.     Diffident.     Solicitous. 

.  Sanitary,  a(/y.   Sanilas,]icalth. 
See  Sanatory. 
Sanity,  11.     See  Sanitary. 

Stn.  Rationality.  Soundness.  Reason- 
ableness.   Lucidity.    Wisdom. 

Ant.  Insanity.  Madness.  Lunacy. 
Derangement.  Alienation.  Pemcntation. 
Hallucination.    Folly. 

Sapid,  adj.  Lat.  sapiduK,  from 
sapere,  to  t'iste. 

Syn.  Tasty.    Relishing.    Savoury. 
Ant.    Dry.      Flavourless.      Distasteful. 

Nauseous. 

Sapidity,  n.    ^ee  Sapid. 
Sapient,  adj.    Lat.  sapiens. 

Syn.  Sage.  Sagacious.  Knowing.  Wise. 
Discerning. 

Ant.    Foolisli.       Undiscerning.      Blind. 

Stolid. 

Sarcasm,  n.     Gr.   a-apKaa-fios, 

from  o-fipf ,  aupKos,  the  flenh,  biting, 
its  it  were,  of  the  very  flesh. 

SvN.  Gibe.  Jeer.  Saiire.  Ridicule. 
Taunt.    Sardonicism. 

Ant.  Eulogy.  Compliment.  Panegyric, 
f^ulogium. 

Sarcastic,  adj.    See  Sarcasm. 

Satanic,  adj.     Heb.  satan,  an 

vdiji-rsary  or  accuser. 

Syn.  Fiendish.    Devilish.    Infernal. 
Ant.  a  igelic.    Seraphic    He.-weiily. 


Satk,  v.  tr.  Old  GcmL  ?atian, 
to  satiate. 

Syn.  Satiate.    Glut.    Surfeit. 
Akt.  Stint.     Starve. 

Satellite,  n.  Lat  safeties, 
itis,  an  attendant  planet.  Used 
poetically  and  facetiously  for  an 
attendant,  especially  an  obse- 
quious one. 

Syn.  Attendant  Follower.  Subordi- 
nate. Shadow.  Associate.  Hanger-on. 
Second. 

Akt.  Leader.     Principal. 

Satiate,  v.  tr.    See  Sate. 

Satire,  n.  Lat.  satura,  Scan. 
lanr,  a  dish  of  varieties,  a  medley 
composition  which  took  the  cha- 
racter of  invective. 

Syn.    Invective.      Sarcasm.     Burlesqt;e. 
l..anipoon.     Pasquinade.     Irony.     Ridicule. 
Ant.  Eulogy.    Panegyric.    Laudation. 

Satirical,  adj.    See  Satire. 

SvN.  Cutting.  Poignant.  Sarcastic 
Bitter.    Ironical.    Invective. 

Ant.  Complimentary.  Flattering.  Lau- 
datory.   Panegyric.    Eulogistic. 

Satisfaction,  n.  Lat.  satis, 
enoufjli ,  and/i/cerc,  to  ma/ie.  Com- 
prising tlic  itleas  of  being  and  of 
making  content. 

Syn.  Contentment.  Content.  Compla- 
cency. Pleasure.  Recompense.  Compen- 
sation. Amends.  Remuneration.  Indeni- 
uification.     Atonement. 

Ant.  Discontent.  Grievance.  Dissatis- 
faction. Pain.  Ve.\ation.  Annoyance. 
Injury.  AVrong.  Fraud.  Robbery.  Obli- 
gation. Demand.  Claim.  Damnification. 
Transgression.    Offence. 

Satisfy,  v.  tr.  See  Satisfac- 
tion. 

Syk.  Satiate.  Content.  Sate.  Please. 
Fill.  Gratify.  Suffice.  Recompense.  Com- 
pensate. Remunerate.  Indemnity.  Assure. 
Convince.     Meet.     Fulfil. 

."Vnt.  Stint.  Starve.  Deprive.  Dissa- 
tisfy. Tantalize.  Half-satisfy.  Anno/. 
Displease.  Defraud.  Deprive.  Injure. 
Cheat.  Shake.  Disown.  Repudiate. 
Stagger.    Pore.    linbjrrass.    PuzzlP. 


Saturate,  v.  tr 

fall. 


Lat.   satur. 


Si/)ionijms  and  Antonijms. 


33."; 


Sto.  Soak.  Impregnate.  Infuse.  Steep. 
Sate. 

Ant.  Wring.  Brain.  E.xsiccate.  Dry. 
Jivcrt.    Krapty.    Peprive.    Disimpregnatc. 

SATUR^^NE,  ndj.  Having  the 
disposition  attributed  to  those 
T)orn  imcler  the  planet  Saturn,  as 
jovial  and  martial. 

Stx.  Dull.  Heavy.  Grave.  Phleg- 
matic.   Gloomy.    Leaden.  Sombre. 

Ant.  Jovial.  Gay.  Light-hearted. 
Joyous.    Bright.    Merry. 

Saucy,  adj.  Fr.  savce,  Low 
Lat,  saha,  salt  pickle.  Used  me- 
taphorically. 

SvN.  Pert.  Forward.  Impudent.  Inso- 
lent.   Disrespectful. 

Ant.  Deferential.  Civil.  Respectful. 
Fair-spoken.  Glozing.  Mealy-mouthed. 
Obsequious.     Servile.     Snivelling.     Slavish. 

Saunter,  v.  int.  Commonly 
derived  from  saiide  terre,  to  move 
slowly,  as  pilgrims  to  the  Holy 
Land ;  sometimes  sans  terre,  as 
mendicants  without  property  or 
home..  Perhaps  comi.  with  the 
Germ,  scldentern,  to  ivunder  idly. 

Stn.  Roam.  Loiter.  Linger.  Stroll. 
M'ander.     Lag.     Dawdle. 

Ant.  Speed.  Course.  Press.  Hasten. 
Drive.     Pusli.    Scramble. 

Savage,  adj.  Fr.  sauvagc, 
Ital.  salvatico,  from  sylua,  a  avod. 
Grown  up  wild  in  the  woods. 

Stn.  Ferocious.  Ferine.  Wild.  Un- 
cultivated. Untamed.  Untaught.  Un- 
civilized. Unpolished.  Rude.  Brutish. 
I'.rutal.  Heathenish.  Barbarous.  Cruel. 
Fierce.  Inbuman.  Trticulent.  Pitiless.  Mer- 
ciless.    Murderous.     Violent.     Malevolent. 

AST.  Mild.  Docile.  Domesticated. 
Tame.  Tract^ible.  Mc-ek.  Timid.  Shrink- 
ing. Cultivated.  Tamed.  Taught.  Civi- 
lized. Educated.  Refined.  Christianized. 
Poli=bed.  Humane.  Generous.  Chival- 
rous. Merciful.  Clement.  Forbearing. 
Courtly.    Subdued.    Self-controlled. 

Save,  v.  tr.  Fr.  sauver,  Lat. 
salons,  safe. 

Stn.  Preserve.  Rescue.  Secure.  Re- 
serve. Spare.  Hinder.  Obviate.  Prevent. 
Snatch.    Catch.     Economize.     Husband. 

Ant.  Lose.  Betray.  Abandon.  De- 
stroy. Surrender.  Impose.  Facilitate. 
Promote.  Induce.  Occasion.  Cause.  Sliss. 
K.xpose.  Imperil.  Endanger.  Risk.  AVaste. 
Uvish. 


Saviour,  n.    .^V"  Save. 
Savoury, («(//.    Lat.  sf^-or.    -s- 
Sapid. 

Say,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  scoj'r  , 
segt/an. 

Stn.  Utter.  Tell.  Speak.  Pronotinci', 
Dt'clare.  Assert.  Repeat.  Rehearse.  1I>  - 
cite.    Judge. 

Ant.  Suppress.  Secrete.  Silentiati- 
Repress.  Misdeclare.  Misrecite.  Misde- 
liver.     Missay.     jMisJudge.     Mispronounce. 

Saying,  n.  See  Say.  The  na- 
ture of  it  is  to  be  sliort. 

SxN.  .Assertion.  Maxim.  Proverb.  I)i',- 
tum.  Declaration.  Speech.  Byworvi. 
Sasv.    Aphorism.    Apothegm. 

Ant.  Dis^erlation.  Disquisition.  Essay. 
Puitiocination.  Rigmarole.  Yarn.  Circum- 
locution. 

SCANDA.L,  n.     Gr.  a-Kcivdakoi',  " 

trap-spring.     An  offence  against 
society,  or  the  rumour  of  it. 

SvN.  Offence.  Reproach.  Disgrace,  de- 
famation. Libel.  Detraction.  Slander. 
Calumny.    Opprobrium. 

Ant.  Eulogy.  Fame.  Honour.  I'.o- 
spect.    Credit. 

Scant,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  sccened. 
scened,  part,  of  sccBnan,  to  breaks 
wound,  or  mutilate. 

Stn.  Short.  Insufficient.  Mean.  Ni;.;- 
gardly.  Stingy.  Narrow.  Limited.  Chary. 
Sparing. 

Ant.  Full.  Amjile.  Liberal.  Gene- 
rous.   Bountiful.     Unmeasured. 

Scantling,  72.  'Fi.echantiUon. 
See  Sample. 

Scar,  n.  Dan.  shaar,  a  cut  or 
slas/i. 

Stn.  Cicatrix.  Blemish.  Mark.  Du 
figurement. 

Ant.  Obliteration.    E^cement. 

Scarce,  adj.  Old  Fr.  escan^, 
Ital.  sarso,.  Sp.  escaso,  from  the 
Lat.  excerptns,  picked  out. 

Stn.  Rare.  Infrequent.  luabundai.t 
Precious.    Choice.     Few.    Wanting.    Spars'-. 

Ant.  Common.  Frequent.  Abundur,. 
Valueless.    Thick.    Plentiful. 

Scarcity,  n.    See  Scarce. 

Stn.  Deficiency.  Laclc  Want.  I>f3rih 
Rarity.     lulreqiuncy. 

A.nt.  Plenty.    Abundance.    Frequeiuy, 


340 


SCABB, 


//■. 


sicari,  to  take  frif/Jd,  Icel.  skirra 
to  drive  avjay,  Germ,  scheren,  to 
drive  away. 

Syn.  Terrify.  Affright.  Intimidate. 
Frighten.    Deter. 

Ant.  Reassure.  Encourage.  Entice. 
•Mlure. 

Scarify,  v.  tr.  Fr.  scarifier, 
Gr.  (TKupicfiOi,  a  stile. 

Syx.  Cut.  Scratch.  Incise.  Irritate. 
Formeiit. 

Ant.  Heal.     Salve.     Soothe.      Mollify. 


S>jnon>jms  and  Antonyms. 

Scotch    shar,  I       S^^'-  J'l'Pil.      Loarner.     Pisdple.     Sttv 


Scatheless,  adj.  Ang.  Sax. 
sci'dli.     Scath. 

Stn.  Unhurt.  Unscathed.  Uninjured. 
Undamaged.    Whole.    Sound. 

Ant.  Wounded.    Injured.    Damaged. 

Scatter,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax. 
scafcran,  allied  to  sccddan,  to 
shed. 

Sin.  Strew.  Sprinkle.  Disperse.  Spread. 
Broadcast.    Dissipate.    Squander. 

Ant.  Collect.  Accumulate.  Heap. 
Gather.    Save.    Husband. 

Scepticism,  n.  Gr.  a-Ke-^is, 
from  (TKiiTTea-dai,  to  consider. 

Syn.    Doubt.    Unbelief.    Infidelity.    In- 
credulity. 
Ant.  Faith.    Belief.    Credulity. 

Scheme,  » .    Gr.  a-xw'^,  form. 

Syn.  Plan.  Project.  Design.  Contriv- 
ance. Purpose.  Draft.  Proposal.  Device, 
riot. 

Ant.  Miscontrivance.  Bungle.  Mis- 
irrangt-ment.    Blunder. 

Scheming,  adj.     Sec  Scheme. 

Schism,  n.  Gr.  a-xifrfj-a,  from 
rx'-C'^,  i"  cut  or  roid.  The 
offence  against  Christian  union, 
as  heresy  against  Christian  doc- 
trine. 

Syn.  Division.  Separation.  Disruption. 
Seosston.  Diversity.  Breach.  Sec- 
tarianism.    Dissent.     Discord. 

Ant.  Unity.  Integrity.  Catholicilj-. 
Communion. 

Scholar,  v.  Low  Lat.  sdio- 
luris,  from  scliola,  a  sclwol.  Either 
one  possessed  of  scholarsliip 
or  one  who  learns,  as  distinct 
from  teaching. 


dent.      Schoolman.      Savant 
Linguist. 

ANT.  Master.  Teacher.  Prereptor 
Professor.    Ignoramus.    Dunce. 

Science,  n.    Lat.  scientia. 

Syn.  Knowledge.  Information.  Skill 
E.xpeiience.  E.\pertness  C'omprehcnsioa 
Undcrstamiing.     investigation.    Truth. 

Ant.  Ignorance.  Ine.xperience.  Un- 
faniiliarity.  Incomprehension.  Error.  Fal- 
lacy.   Empiricism.    Smattering.    Sciolism. 

Scientific,  adj.    See  Science. 
Sciolism,  n.    Lat.  sciolus,  dim, 

of  scius,  knowing. 

Scion,  n.  Fr.  scion,  for  sicum, 
from  Lat.  secure,  to  cut.  A  cut- 
ting. 

Syn.  Slip.  Off-shoot  Cadet.  Br.ancb. 
Cliild. 

Ant.  Stem.    Stock.    Parent.    Root. 

Scoff,  v.  int.,  followed  hjprtp. 
at.  Icel.  skupper,  to  inajk  at, 
GeiTD.  schxppen,  to  impose  iqwn. 
Fries,  schof,  sjiort. 

Syn.  Sneer.  Mock.  Jilie.  Jeer.  Con- 
temn.   Scout.    Deride.  Ridicule. 

Ant.  Compliment.  Salute.  Respect. 
Honour. 

Scold,  v.  tr.  and  int.    Dutch 

sclicJden. 

Syn.  Chide.  Rail.  Brawl.  Rebuke. 
Abuse. 

Ant.  Praise.  Encourage.  Compliment. 
Laud.    Flatter. 

Scope,  n.    Gr.   ctkottos  ,  from 

a-KiTTTeadai,  to  lu'tir. 

Syn.  Aim.  Object.  Slark.  End.  De- 
sisn.  Purpose.  Intention.  Drilt.  Room. 
Occasion.     Opportunity.     Liberty. 

Ant  Avoidance.  Non-intention.  Pip- 
termission.  Inadvertence.  Accident.  Aim- 
lessness.    Deviation. 

Scorn,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  escorue, 
affro)d,escorner,  to  humiliate,  JjSit. 
c.r  and  cor7iu,  as  it  were  to  brtuk 
off  the  horns. 

SvN.  Contemn.  Despise.  Slight.  Via- 
liaiii.  Disregard.  Sibilate.  Vilipend.  Sinirn, 
Scout. 

.Ant.  Honour.  Regard.  Esteerc.  Vo- 
nerate.     Respect.     Salute.     Applnal 

SCORK.  n.     S>e  vtrh. 


Scoundrel,  ".  Perhaps  for 
iiinnhrt'l,  from  sc/nnhtr,  scninmcr, 
CO  <hiv<).     A  worthless  fellow. 

Svx.  Villain.     Vagaljond.     Reprobate. 
.\NT.  Man  of  honour.    Gentleman. 

ScoUE,  V.  tr.  Aug.  Sax.  scicr, 
<i  Arnuritxj.  It  has  the  metapho- 
lical  sense  of  to  traverse  rapidly. 

Purge.    Cleanse.    Rinse.    Scrub. 


Sijiionij)ns  and  Antonyms. 
Scrape,  v.  fr 


Un- 
Saving. 


^\1 

Ang.  Sax.  .son- 


ant. Soil.  Begrime.  Besmear.  FouU 
PoIUUe.    Defile.    Dirt 

ScoURGK,  n.  It.  scoreggia, 
Fr.  escourgee,  excoriatum,  ex  and 
■■<>,/ II  m,  leather,  a  thovg  or  strap. 
I'sed  metaphorically  for  an  in- 
fluence of  visitation,  evil,  or 
punishment. 

SvN.   Punisliment.    Bane.    Curse, 
icing.     Visitation. 

Ant.     Blessing.     Itedemption, 
Reward.    Benefaction. 

ScoUEiNGS,  11.     See  Scour 

Syn.  Offal.  Dregs.  Lees.  Off-scour- 
ings.     Refuse.    Dross.    Scum. 

Ant.  Cream.  Elite.  Pickings.  Bloom. 
Flower. 

Scout,  v.  tr.  Dutch  sclmtten, 
to  oppose.     See  Scorn. 

Scowl,  v.  int.  Low  Germ. 
cchulen,  to  squint. 

Srx.  Frown.  Discountenance.  Brow- 
beat.   Lower.    Glower. 

Ant.  Smile.    Encourage.    Cotmtenance. 

Scraggy,  adj.  Irish  and  Gae- 
lic, scrahach,  rough,  rugged. 

Stn.  Jagged.  Lean.  Bony.  Raw 
Angular. 

Ant.  Plump.    Fat.    Round.    Rounded. 

Scramble,  v.  tr.    Dutch  and 
Germ,  sclirnmmen,  to  scratch. 
Stn.  ,Stru2gle.    Hurrj-.    Bustle. 
Ant.  Lag.    Dawdle.    Loiter.    Saunter. 

Scramble,  ??.     See  verh. 

Ss:n.  Hurry.  Bustle.  Struggle.  Confu- 
sion. 'I'urmuil.  Ferment.  Commotion. 
Bear-garden.     Babt-l.     Vortex. 

Ant.  Order.    Orderlinfss.    Arrangement,  i  speciion 
Leisureliness.     Method.     Uniformity. 

Scrap,  n.  Icel.  skrap,a  crack' 
iiig.     Trifle. 

rfyx.   Scantling.      Piece.     M 
P.ortion 


pan. 

Stn.  Grate.  Abrade.  Confricate.  Rasp 
Scratch.     Mark.    Groove. 

Ant.  Lubricate.  I'olish.  Levigate.  Dig 
Indent.    Wound. 

Scratch,  v.  tr.  For  the  Old 
Eng.  cratch.     See  Scrape. 

Screen,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  escrein. 
Conn,  with  the  Lat.  scrinium, 
and  the  Eng.  shrine. 

Syn.  Shelter.  Protect.  Defend.  Hide. 
Palliate.  Mitigate.  Curtain.  Fence.  Ward. 
Shxde. 

Ant.  Open.  E.xpose.  Surrender.  Be- 
tray.   Aggravate.    E.\aggerate.     Prosecute. 

Scriptural,  adj.  Scriptura, 
from  scribere,  to  ivrite.    A  writing. 

Syn.  BibUcal.  Orthodox.  Revealed.  In- 
spired. 

Ant.  Profane.  Unrevealed.  Unortbo* 
dox.     Unbiblical.    Unscriptural. 

Scruple,  «.  Lat.  scrupidus,  a 
small  stone.  A  grit  or  pebble  in 
the  path  making  it  sharp  to  walk 
on,  and  so  causing  halting  or 
hesitation.  Metaphorically,  a 
conscientious  obstacle  to  a  course 
of  conduct.  From  the  same  de- 
rivation comes  the  iise  of  the  word 
in  the  sense  of  a  matter  of  small 
weight. 

Stn.  Misgiving.  Doubt.  Hesitation. 
Qualm.    Reluctance.    Question. 

Ant.  Recklessness.  Unscrupulonsiiess. 
Confidence.  Assurance.  Self-satisfaction. 
Self-api)roval.     Sell-coniplacency. 

Scrupulous,  ndj.    See  Scruple. 

SrN.  Conscientious.  Dubious.  DiflBdeiit. 
Punctilious.     Exact.    Cautious.     Reluctant. 

A.vT.  Reckless.  Unscrupulous.  Un- 
hesitating. Confident.  Self-satisfied.  Self- 
complacent.    J-^ger. 

Scrutiny,  n.  Lat.  scrutinium, 
from  scrut'iri,  to  investigate. 

Stn.  Search.  Investigatioa    Sifting.  In- 


Ant.  Oversight.     Misobservjitian.     Dis- 
regard.   Connivance. 

Scurrility,  h.    Lat.  scurra,  a 
Bit.    hulf'oon.  _ 

Sth.   Buffoonery.       Derision.     "Jcfhng 


Ant.  Whole.    Integrity.    Majs.    Lump.    Moc^try.    Jeering.    Abuse. 


348 


Sijnonyms  and  Antonums. 


Ant.  Deference.     Eulogium. 
Coiiipliment. 


Seal,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  sig&licm, 
si'jfl,  a  seal,  Lat.  siipUitw. 

Srx.  Close.  Fasten.  Confirm.  Sanction. 
Ratify. 

Ant.  Unseal.  Unclose.  Open.  Annul. 
Cancel.  Abrogate.  Disratify.  Disaffirm. 
Contravene. 

Search,  v.  tr.  and  mt.  Fr. 
rhercher,  Lat.  ccrcare,  from  the 
Lat.  circum,  circa,  around. 

SvN.  Inspect.  E.xplore.  Scrutinize.  Seek. 
Investigate.    Inquire. 

Ant.  Pretermit.  Disregard  Abandon, 
iliiinvestigale 

Season,  n.  Sai son,  from,  satin, 
as  raisou,  from  ratio.  The  seed- 
time. 

SrN.  Period.  Time.  Conjuncture.  While. 
Occasion.  Opportunity.  Suitableness.  Time- 
liness. 

.-Vnt.  Untlmeliness.  Unsuitableness. 
ContreteraiB.    Unseasonablenes.*. 

Seasonable,  aiJJ.     See  Season. 

Svs.  Gr;iteful.  Welcome.  Timely. 
Suitable.  Periodical.  Normal.  Oppor- 
tune. 

AxT.  Ungrateful.  Unwelcome.  Un- 
timely. Unsuitable.  UneNpected.  Abnor- 
mal.   Inopportune.    Unseasonable. 

Secede,  v.  int.  Secedere,  to 
move  apart  or  withdraiu. 

Srs.  Withdraw.  Retire.  Separate. 
Dissent.    Segregate. 

Ant.  Adhere.  Accord.  Concur.  Con- 
foi-ni.     Unite.    Amalgamate. 

^ECE8SI0K,  i>.     See  Secede. 

Secluded,  adj.  Lat.  se,  for 
seorsum,  apart,  and  claudere,  to 
shut. 

Stn.  Retired.  Retreating.  Hidden. 
Withdrawn.  Secret.  Private.  Sequestered. 
Shaded. 

Ant.  Public.  Exposed.  Frequented. 
Open. 

Secondary,  adj.  Lat.  secun- 
dtts,  from  srrjin',  tofoVoiv. 

SvN.  Subordinate.  Inferior.  Minor. 
Unimportant.    Resultant.    Induced. 

Ant.  Primary.  Leading.  Important. 
Prominent. 

Skcebt,  adj.  Lat.  secrctus, 
fi'.im  seccmere,  to  p^xt  apart. 


Flattery.  I  Stx.  Hidden.  C  rcealed.  Spchii'< 
Retired.  Unseen.  Unknown.  I'-ivan» 
Obscure.  Recondite.  Latent.  Covert. 
Clandestine.  Privy.  Unrevcaled.  ^iy.-*- 
teiious.    Underdosed. 

Ant.  Open.  Puclic.  Unconccale<l 
Kao  wn.  Notorious.  Unreserved.  Di&- 
closed. 


Secrete,  v.  tr.    See  Secret. 

Svx.  Hide.    Conceal. 
A  XT.  Expose.    Publish,    ilanifest.    Ex- 
hibit.   Disclose. 

Sectarian,  adj.  Fr.  secte,  a 
sect,  from  Lat,  secure,  sect  us,  to 
cut. 

Srx.  Party.  Schismatical.  Narrow. 
Bigoted.  Exclusive.  Denominational 
Divisional.    Intolerant. 

Ant.  Broad.  Catholic.  Comprehensive 
Tolerant.  Latitudinarian.  Indifferent.  Uni- 
versal. 

Sbculab,  adj.  Lat.  sceculum, 
an  ((i/e  or  century — the  age  or 
fashion  of  it.  In  ecclesiastical 
language,  used  also  for  the  world 
in  a  social  sense,  as  distinguished 
from    recjuja,   a  rule  of  religious 

SvN.  AVorldly.  Profane.  Unmonastic 
Temporal.     Laic. 

Ant.  Regular.  Religious.  Monastic, 
Spiritual.    Clerical. 

Secure,  adj.  Se  for  seorsum 
or  sine,  ivithout,  and  cura,  care. 

Stn.  Safe.  Easy.  Confident.  L'^uanxioas. 
Careless.    Protected.    Ensured 

Ant.  Anxious.  Distrustful.  Suspicious. 
Careful.  Unsafe.  Insecure.  Precarious, 
Hazardous. 

Secure,  v.     See  adjective. 

SvN.  Fasten.  Guard.  Protect.  Assure. 
Ensure.    Close.    Enclose.    Detain.     Arrest. 

Ant.  Loosen.  Hetray.  Surrender.  i:x- 
pose.  Imperil.  Endanger.  Open.  LiIk- 
rate.    Free. 

Seccrity,  n.  Sec  Secure.  Tt 
has  the  peculiar  sense  of  a  legal 
security  or  bond. 

Syn.  Pledge.  Guarantee.  Warranty. 
Protection.  Bond.  Defence.  Guanl 
Shelter.  Safety.  Certainly.  Ease.  Assur- 
ance.   Carelessness.    Confidence. 

Ant.  Parole.  Word.  UndcTStandifv? 
Honour.  Defencelessness.  Exj>03tir-.. 
Danger.  Peril.  Insecurity.  Uncertfiii;t>' 
Care.    An.xiety     I'recariou.-ueas. 


Si/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Skdatz,  adj.  Lat.  sedatiis,  It. 
io/ato,  Si'dare,  from  sedere,  to  settle. 

Stn.  Sober.  Demure.  Serious.  Calm, 
Thoughtful.     Grave. 

\\T  Fliglity.  Frolicsome.  Indiscreet 
Bsedate.    RuffltJ.    Agitated.    Disturbed. 

Sedative,  adj.    See  Sedate. 

SvN.  Allaying.  Tranquillizing.  Com- 
posing. Soothing.  Lenient.  Anouyne.  Hyp- 
notic. 

Ant.  Disturbing.    Kxciting.    Irritant. 

Skdentaet,  adj.  Lat.  sedere, 
to  sit. 

Stn.  Close.    Assiduous.    Studious. 
Ant.   Active.    Free.    Erratic.    Locomo- 

Sediment,  n.  Lat.  sedimen- 
tnm,  sedi-re,  to  set  or  settle. 

Syn.  Settlement.  Lees.  Dregs.  Resi- 
duum    Precipitate. 

Ant.  Elutriation.  Lixiviation.  Clari- 
fication. Colature.  Edulcoration.  Filtra. 
lion. 

Sedition,  n.  Lat.  se  and  ire, 
to  go  apart  or  secede. 

Stn.  Secession.  Insurrection.  Treason. 
Tumult.  Riot.  Rebellion.  Revolt.  Mu- 
tiny.    Insubordination. 

Ant.  Union.  Allegiance.  Fealty.  Pa- 
ciflcation.  Appeasement.  Quiet.  Orderli- 
ness.   Subordiuation.    Obedience. 

Seduce,  v.  tr.  Lat.  se,  apart, 
and  ducere,  to  lead.  To  lead 
iiway  from  virtue. 

SvN.   Tempt.      Entice.     AUnre.     Over- 
persuade.     Alislcad.     Inveigle.     Decoy. 
Ant.  Force.    Compel.    Overpower. 

Seducing,  adj.    See  Seduce. 

SiN.  Alluring.  Enticing.  Seductive. 
Attractive. 

Ant.  Repellent.  Repulsive.  Abhorrent. 
Forbidding. 

Sedulous,  adj.  Lat.  sedulus, 
sedere,  to  sit. 

Stn.  Assiduous.  Diligent.  Industrious. 
Laborious.  Painstaking.  Persevering.  Close. 
Unremitting. 

Akt.  IndUigent.  Idle.  Unpersevenng. 
Inattentive.  Distracted.  Wandering.  In- 
rxjDstant. 

See,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang.  Sax. 
v'o/i  for  sehimn.  Used  of  the 
mental  as  well  as  the  \)odily 
vision. 


319 


Svn.  Perceive.  Behold.  Descry.  Dis- 
cern. Look.  View.  Conceive.  Distin- 
guish. Understand.  Comprehend.  Attend. 
Beware.    Visit.    Experience. 

AxT.  Miss.  Overlook.  Disregard.  Mis- 
conceive.    Misunderstand.    Ignore. 

Seed,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  sml,  from 
saivav,  to  sow.  Used  metapho- 
rically. 

Svn.  Spring.  Origin.  Cause.  Germ. 
Embryo.    Root. 

Ant.  Issue.     Result.  Birth.     Product. 

Development.    Offspring.  Fruit. 

Seek,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  stcan,  secean,  scecan. 

Stn.  Search.  Inquire.  Pursue.  Solicit. 
Endeavour.  Attempt.  Strive.  Investigate. 
Trace.     Prosecute.    Follow.    Court.    Affect, 

Ant.  Ignore.  Disregard.  Avoid.  Shun. 
Elude.  Pretermit.  Discard.  Abandon. 
Relinquish.    Drop. 

Seem,  v.  tr.    Old  English. 

Syn.  Look.    Appear. 

Ant.  Belie.     Alisrepresent.    Differ. 

Seemly,  adj.  From  seem 
which,  as  a  verb  transitive,  is 
I  obsolete. 

!  Syn.  Becoming.  Fit.  Suitable.  Proper 
Appropriate.     Convenient.     Decent.    Con 

i  gruous.     Meet.    Decorous. 

Ant.  Unbecoming.  Unfit.  Unsuitable 
Improper.  Inappropriate.  Inconvenient 
Indecent.  Incongruous.  Unmeet.  Inde- 
corous. 

Segment,  n.  Lat.  secure,  to 
[Cut.    A  piece  cut  off. 

j  Stn.  Section.  Part.  Portion.  Limb 
<  Member. 

I  Ant.  Whole.  Totality.  Integrity.  Com- 
'  pound. 

I  Segregate,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Se 
aside,  and  grex,  a  flock  or  herd. 

I  SYTf.  Separate.  Select.  Part.  Secedo 
Localize.    Exclude. 

Akt.  Unite.  Confound.  Fuse.  Amal- 
gamate. Mix.  Collect.  Gather.  Congre- 
gate. 

I  Seize,  v.  tr.  Old  High  Germ. 
I  sazian,  to  set. 

Si-N.  Catch.  Grasp.  Clutch.  Snatch 
'  Apprehend.  Arrest.  Hold.  Grip.  Grappla 
Hook.    Take.    Capture. 

Amt.  Loose.  Dismiss.  Liberate.  Abatv 
idon.    Drop.    Unhand.    Unhook.    Uifisteo 


S'^ 


Sijiiomjms  and  Anionyins. 


Seldom,  ado.     Ang.  Sax.  sd- 

dan. 

Stn.  Rarelj".  Infrequently.  Occasionally. 
Inconstantly. 

Ant.  Commonly.  Frequently.  Uni- 
fomilj'.  Systeniiitically.  Habitually.  Ee- 
Kulurly.    Often.    Invariably. 

Select,  v.  tr.     Seligere,  ledus. 

SvN.  Cull.    Pick.    Choose.    Segregate. 
Ant.  Lump.    Confound.    Sweep. 

Select,  adj.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Choice.    Picked.     Fine.    Prime. 
Ant.    Haphazard.      Common.    Average. 
UiHelect.    Coarse.    Ordinary. 

Selection,  v.    See  Select. 

SvN.  Choice.  Option.  Election.  Ex- 
cerption. Gathering.  Preoption.  Segrega- 
tion.    Adoption.     Preference. 

Ant.  Rejection.  Repudiation.  Refusal. 
E.^tclusion.    Pustptmement. 

Selfish,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  sllf, 
sf'/f.  Caring  supremely  or  un- 
duly for  one's  self. 

Syn.  Egotistical.  Self-minded.  Self- 
indulgent.  Self- worshipful.  Worldly.  Illi- 
beral. Ungenerous.  Narrow-minded.  Mer- 
cenary,   (iieedy. 

AST.  Disinterested.  Generous.  Unsel- 
lish.  Handsome.  Liberal.  High-minded. 
.Self-denying.  Magnanimous.  Patriotic. 
Public-spirited.  Considerate.  Accommo- 
dating. 

Sell,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  seUan. 
It  is  used  in  the  sense  of  parting 
for  an  unrighteous  equivalent. 

Stn.  Vend.     Ret;iil.    Hawk. 
Ant.  Give.     Bestow.    Present. 

Semblance,  n.  Fr.  scmUunce. 
Lat.  similis. 

Stn.  Seeming.  Appearance.  Form.  Show. 
Likeness.  Mien.  Aspect.  Bearing.  Simi- 
litude. 

Ant.  Unlikeness.  Disparity.  Differ- 
ence.   Contrariety.    Dlsslmililude. 

Seminary,  n.  Lat.  aeminariuin, 
snnen,  seed.  A  seed-plot;  niU'- 
sery  for  plants.  Used  for  a  place 
of  training  and  rearing  for  young 
persons. 

Stn.    Nursery.       Garden.       Seed-plot. 
Academy.    College.     School.     Propaganda. 
Ant.  "Vasie.     Wilderness. 

8knd,  V.  tr.    Ang.  Sax.  scndaj:. 


Sm.  Despatch,  iiansmit.  Impel  Cus*. 
Bestow.    Grant. 

Ant.  Detain.  Withhold.  An~it  With 
draw.     Deny.    Recal. 

Senile,  adj.    Lat.  smi  ih's,  scii ex_ 

an  old  man. 

SVn.  Aged.    Imbecile.    Doting 

Ant.     Juvenile.        Vigorous.        Virile. 

Manly. 

Sbniority,  n.  Lat.  senicr, 
older. 

Stn.  Eldership.    Priority.    Superiority. 

Ant.  Jimiority.  Inferiority.  Posteriority 
Subordination. 

Sensation,  n  Fr.  sensation, 
Lat.  sensus,  sense. 

Stn.  Affection.  Feeling.  Perception. 
Surprise.    Impiession. 

Ant.  Apathy.  Insensibility.  Non-per- 
ception.    Unsurprise. 

Sense,  n.  Lat.  sensus,  sense. 
Perception,  feeling. 

SvN.  Perception.  Sensation.  Feelino;. 
Apprehension.  Recognition.  Understand- 
ing. Discernment.  Appreciation.  Senti- 
ment. View.  Opinion.  Judgment.  No- 
tion. Meaning.  Import.  Signification. 
Soundness.    Sagacity.     Wisdom. 

Ant.  Non-perception.  Insensibility. 
Misapprehension.  Misunderstanding.  Sto- 
lidity. Non-appreciation.  Misconception. 
Unsoundness.  Folly.  Nonsense.  .Misiu 
terpretation. 

Senseless,  adj.    See  Sense. 

SvN.  Nonsi-nsical.  Unmeaning.  Silly 
Objectless.     Absurd. 

Ant.  Sensible.  Significant.  Wise.  Prac- 
tical. 

Sensibility,  n.    See  Sense. 

Stn.  Susceptibility.  Delicacy.  Feeling 
Refinement,    hnpressibleness. 

Ant.  Insensibility.  Insusceptibility 
Coarseness.    Unimpressibleness. 

Sensible,  adj.  Possessing  or 
implying  sense  in  its  several 
meanings.     See  Sense.     Add. 

Stn.  Tangible.  Palpable.  Perceptible. 
Visible.     Appreciable. 

Ant.  Intangible.  Impalpable.  Imper- 
ceptible. Invisible.  Inappreciable.  Insen- 
sible. 

Sensitive,  adj.  See  Sense  and 
Sensibility. 

Sensual,  adj.  Addicted  or 
belonging  to  the  gratification  of 
the  senses. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


loi 


Stn.  Catial.  Kl.-iJly.  Animal.  Vo- 
luptuous.    Btidily. 

Akt.  SpiriluaL  Intellectual.  Self-dcny- 
'iiig.  Absiinent.  Abstemiuus.  Contiuent. 
^there;.!.    Ascetic. 


Sensuous,    adj.      Sf 
Acldi-essing    the  mind    tlirough 
external  forms. 

Stk.  Material.  ^Esthetic.  Embodied. 
Kepresentative.     Symbolical. 

Akt.  Abstract.  Coiiceptiouul.  Iiiiage- 
iess.  CoDteniplali%'e.  lutelleclual.  Uceiii- 
bodied.  UiisymbolicaU  Immaterial.  Pic- 
tureless.    Formless. 

Sententious,  adj.  Sentmtia, 
a  sentence.  Judgment  or  expres- 
sion of  opinion.  AbouncUng  with 
sentences,  axioms,  or  maxims. 

SrK.  Pitby.  Pregnant.  '1  hougbtful. 
Axiomatic.  Antithetical.  Pointed.  Ner- 
vous.   Iiidactic. 

A^■T.  Dull.  Dry.  Inane.  Vapid.  Point- 
less. Jejune.  Trashy.  Bald.  Watery. 
Prosy. 

SsNTtENT,  adj.  Lat.  sentitns, 
part,  oi  sent  ire,  to  feel. 

Stn.  Feeling.  Percipient.  Conscious. 
Intelligent.    Cognizant. 

AiiT.  Insentient.  Insensate.  JUindless. 
Unconscious.  Unintelligent.  Non-perci- 
pient.   Incognizant. 

Sentiment,  n.  Lat.  sent  ire,  to 
feel,  discern,  perceive. 

Stn.  Thought.  Feeling.  Notion.  Opinion. 
Maxim. 

Ant.  Vacuity.  Ignorance.  Nonsense. 
Crudity.  Bujibear.  Conjecture.  Assump- 
tion. Impression.  Hypothesis.  Precon- 
ception.    Prejudice. 

Sentimental,  adj'.  See  Senti- 
ment. Used  of  tha  weaker  or 
more  imaginative  aspect  of  sen- 
timent. 

SnJ.  Didactic.  Moral.  Instructive.  Ko- 
maritic. 

Akt.  Undidactic.  Unsentimental.  Mat- 
tc-r-of-fact.     Unpoetical.    Prosaic. 

Sentinel,  n.  Der.  uncertain. 
Not  prob.  from  sent  ire,  but  seu- 
tina,  a  sink  or  hold  of  a  ship,  a 
watchf''  of  the  leakage.  Hence,  as 
transferred  to  the  army,  a  soldier 
appoiuted  to  keep  guard. 


StS.  Watch.  Guardian.  Guard.  Keept^r 
Warder.  Sentry.  Watchman.  I'atrol.  V» 
deite. 

Akt.  Traitor.    Decoy. 

Separable,  adj'.  See  Sepa- 
rate. 

Six.  Dis.solublP.  Removable.  Movable. 
Distniguisbable.     Accidental.     Divisible. 

Ant.  Indissoluble.  Irremovable.  Per- 
manent. Immovable.  IndistinguisLable. 
Essential.     Inseparable,     indivisible. 

Sepakate,  V.  fr.  and  iut.  Lat. 
separare.  It  applies  to  one  ob- 
ject, or  to  the  two,  or  more. 

Syn.  Part.  Sever.  Disjoin.  Disunite. 
Divorce.  'I'ear.  Rend.  Remove.  Disin- 
tegrate. Detach.  Disconnect.  Divide. 
Dissipate.    Scatter.    Stgregate.    Diverge. 

Am.  Unite.  Fasten.  Tie.  Conjoin. 
Wed.  Link.  Amalgamate.  Consolidate. 
Integrate.  Incorporate.  Connect.  Fuse. 
Confound.  Mass.  Herd.  Congregate. 
Convene.  Gather.  Collect.  Meet.  Con- 
verge. 

Separate,  adj.    See  verb. 

Separation,  n.    See  Separate. 

Sepulchral,  adj.  Svpulcrmn, 
sepelire,  to  bury.  Pertaining  to 
death  or  burial.  Used  analo- 
gously. 

Stn.  Hollow.  Death-like.  Ghastly.  In- 
fernal.   Gloomy. 

Ant.  Genial.  Healthful.  CheerfuU 
Vital.     Lively.    Sunny. 

Sepulture,  n.    See  Sepulclirc. 

Syn.  Burial,    interment.    Humation. 
Ant.  Exhumation.    Disinterment. 

Sequacious,  adj.  Sequax, 
given  to  following,  sequi,  to  follow. 

Stn.  Pliant.  Ductile.  Obsequious.  Tradi- 
tional. Servile.  UuoriginaL  Unimagina- 
tive. 

Ant.  Independent.  Refractory.  Self- 
willtd. .  Self-opinionated.  Original.  Ori- 
ginative.    Imaginative. 

Sequence,  n.  Lat.  sequi,  to 
folhnv. 

Stn.  hollowing.  Order.  Succession. 
Consequence.  Progressios.  Continuity. 
Posteriority. 

Akt.  Precedence.  AnUriority.  P.iority. 
Disorder.  Disconnection.  Inconse<^uonc« 
Irregularity.  Incontinuitj.  Solut  or.  In- 
teriLis.->ion.     interruption. 


oi) 


rv? 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Sequestered,  wlj.  Lat.  se- 
'/Htsirare,  to  set  apart  for  safe 
keeping,  sequester,  a  depositary  or 
trustee.  Hence  placed  apart  in 
the  sense  of  retired. 

Stn.  Retired.  Withdrawn.  Private. 
Hidden.    Unfrequented.    Secluded. 

Akt.  Public.  Exposed.  Frequented. 
Unsecluded.     Unsequestered. 

Seraphic,  adj.  Like  the  na- 
ture or  state  of  a  seraph.  Heb. 
saraph,  to  flame,  or  be  eminent. 

Syn.  Angelic.  Heavenly.  Blissful.  Pure. 
Iliiplurous.    Holy.    Ethereal. 

Ant.  Fiendisli.  Hellish.  Devilish.  De- 
moniacal.   Infernal. 

Serene,  adj.     Lat.  serenus. 

Stn.  Clear.  Calm.  Unruffled.  Undis- 
turbed.    Haleyonic. 

Ant.  Turbid.  Stormy.  Agitated. 
Tempestuous.    Ruffled. 

Serf,  n.  Fr,  serf,  Lat.  servus, 
a  slave. 

Syn.  Slave.  Ser\-ant.  Villain.  La- 
bourer. 

Ant.  Lord.  Baron.  Squire.  Proprietor. 
Xoble.    Landowner.    Liege.    Liege-lord. 

Serious,  arJJ.  Lat.  serius.  Ap- 
plied to  disposition  or  manner  of 
persons,  and  as  a  quality  of  cir- 
cumstances. 

Sra.  Grave.  Thoughtful.  Careful. 
Earnest.    Solemn.    Important.    Weighty. 

Ant.  Volatile.  Gay.  Thoughtless. 
Careless.  Joking.  Jocose.  Insignificant. 
Unimportant.    Trifling.    Trivial.    Light. 

Serpentine,  adj.  Lat.  serpens, 
i  serjKid,  from  serpere,  to  craivl. 

Syn.  Winding.  Meandering.  Tortuous. 
Anfractuous.  Undulating.  Sinuous.  An- 
guillifurm.     Vermicular.    Coiled. 

Ant.  Straight  Unbending.  Unwinding. 
Rectilinear.  I 

Servant,  n.  Lat.  servients,  ] 
servire,  to  serve.  [ 

SrN.  Retainer.  Domestic.  Attendant. 
Minister.    Maid.    Abigail.    Handmaid. 

Ant.  Lord.  Mas-.er.  Slisiress.  Em- 
ployer. I 

Serve,   v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. ' 

servire.  | 

Srjj.  Obey.    Minister.    Subserve.  Help. 

.issiBt.    Benefit.   Aiuswcr.    Promote.  Tend,  j 


Ant.  Command.  Disibcy.  Tliwart 
Oppose.  Resii^t.  Oiunteract.  Contra<lict. 
Neutralize.     BaBle.    Retard.     Obstruct. 


Service, 


See  Serve. 


Serviceable,  adj.  Servire. 
Fit  for  service. 

Stn.  Useful.  Beneficial.  Advantageous. 
Profitable.     Sound.     Well-conditioned. 

Ant.  Useless.  Profitless.  Ill-condi- 
tioned.   Unserviceable.    Unsound. 

Servile,  adj.  See  Serve.  Given 
to  the  excess  of  readiness  to 
serve. 

Snf.  Obsequious.    Cringing.   Sequacious. 

Ant.  Independent.  Fractious.  Refrac- 
tory. Recalcitrant.  Dogged.  Stubborn. 
Defiant.    Rebellious. 

Servility,  n.    See  Servile. 

Servitude,  n.  See  Serve.  It 
is  used  both  of  volimtary  and  in- 
voluntary service. 

Stn.  Service.  Subordination.  Obedience. 
IMinistry.    Submission. 

Axt.  Mastery.  Lordship.  Commanl. 
Dictation.    Sway.    Rule.    Government. 

Set,  v.  tr.     Ang.  Sax.  settan. 

SrN.  Seat.  Place.  Locate.  Situate 
Settle.  Fix.  Build.  Rest.  Establish. 
Ground.  Perpetuate.  Stabilitate.  Confirm. 
Strengthen.  Determine.  Appoint.  Assign, 
Cast.  Risk.  AVager.  Surround.  Bedeck. 
Garnish.    Stud. 

Ant.  Remove.  Disestablish.  Lift.  Raise. 
Transfer.  Uproot.  Eradicate.  Unfix.  Dis- 
perse. Discard.  Unsettle.  Demolish.  De- 
stroy. Weaken.  Loosen.  Detach.  Mis- 
arrange.    Misdetermine.    Denude.    Divest. 

Set,  v.  int.     See  tr.  verb. 

Syn.  Sink.  Settle.  Subside.  Decline. 
Compose.    Consolidate.     Harden. 

Asv.  Rise.  Ascend.  Soar.  Mount. 
Stir.  Agitate.  Ivoosen.  Run.  Soften. 
Melt.    MoIUfy.    Fuse.    Flow. 

Skttlk,  V.  tr.  and  inf.  Se-^ 
Set. 

Svn.  Fix.  Establish.  Regulate.  Ar- 
range.  Compose.  Adjust.  Determine.  De- 
cide. Adjudicate,  yuiot.  Allay.  Stil- 
Sink.  Fall.  Subside.  Lower.  Calm. 
Acquiesce.    AUite.    Agree. 

Ant.  Remove.  Disest,iblish.  Misregu- 
late.  Derange.  Discompose.  Aggravate. 
Disorder.  Disturb.  Confuse.  Misdetermina. 
Misarrange.  Misplace.  Unsettle.  RifiC 
Ascend.  Move.  Disagree.  locreasft. 
Heighten. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Settlement,  n.    See  Settle. 

Stn.  Subsidence.  Dregs,  llesiduum. 
?recipitatk)n.  Colonization.  Location. 
Colony. 

Ant.  Kxcitoment.  rertuibation.  Tur- 
bidity.    Fluctiuliun. 

Sever,  v.  ir.  Old  Fr.  sewer, 
Lat.  se/iarare. 

Sts.  Separate.  Divide.  Disjoin.  Dis- 
tinguish. Part.  Discommunicate.  Kxcept. 
Disconnect. 

Ant.  Unite.  Conjoin.  Confound.  Con- 
fuse. Amalgamate.  Associate.  Inchide. 
Connect. 

Several,  adj.    See  Sever. 

Stn.  Separate.  Distinct.  Diverse.  Various. 
Different. 

Ant.  One.  Same.  Identical.  Indi.stin- 
guisbable.  Inseparable.  United.  Total. 
Integral. 

Severe,  adj.    Lat.  severus. 

Sys'.  Serious.  Austere.  Stem.  Grave. 
Strict.  Harsh.  Rigid.  Rigorous.  Sharp. 
Afflictive.  Distressing.  Violent.  Extreme. 
Exact.  Critical.  Censorious.  Caustic.  Sar- 
castic.   Cutting.     Keen.    Bitter.    Cruel. 

Ant.  Gay.  Smiling.  Cheerful.  Re- 
laxed. Jocose.  Jocund.  Joyous.  Mild. 
Genial.  Indulgent.  Light.  Trivial.  Trifling. 
Inconsi'derable.  Inexact.  Ijoose.  Uncritical. 
Lenient.  Inextreme.  Moderate.  Kind. 
Considerate.    Feeling.    Tender.    Gentle. 

Shabby,  adj.  Dutch  schahbig, 
Germ,  schahen,  to  shave.  Tom, 
ragged,  and  so  of  kindred  mean- 
ing to  paltry,  wluch  see. 

Shackle,  7k  Ang.  Sax.  scucul, 
sceacul. 

S-ra.  Fetter.  Gyve.  Chain.  Obstruction. 
Embarrassment. 

Akt.  Aid.  Assistance.  Subsidiary. 
Help. 

Shackle,  v.  tr.    See  noun. 

Shabe,  «.  Ang.  Sax.  scadit. 
Allied  to  Gr.  o-km,  a  shade,  and 
(TKOTo^,  darkness.  Used  in  ana- 
logous senses. 

"Syn.  Shadow.  Adumbration.  Umbrage. 
Darkness.  Sombreness.  Obscurity.  Se- 
clusion. Krotection.  Shelter.  Screen. 
Oscuro.    Minuteness.    Touch.    Degree. 

Ant.  Illumination.  Light.  Daylight. 
Sunshine.  Brightness.  Radiance.  Glare, 
Publicity.  Delencelessness.  Exposure. 
Cbiaro.  Amount.  Largeness.  Consider- 
aolcaesa.    (Quantity. 


353 


Shade,  v.  tr.    See  noun  and 
Screen. 
Shadow,  n.    See  Shade.   Add. 

SvN.  Unibration.  Delineation.  Reflec- 
tion. Image.  Sham.  Unreality.  Unsub- 
stantiality.  Immateriality.  Phantom.  At- 
tendant. 

Ant.  Body.  Substance.  Materiality. 
Form.    Principal. 

Shadowy,  adj.    See  Shadow. 

Shake,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Dutch 
schnkken,  to  Jolt.     Comp.  Shock. 

SvN.  Agitate.  Weaken.  Loosen.  Trem- 
ble.   Jar.    Quiver.    Shiver. 

Ant.  Secure.  Fix.  Fasten.  Strengthea. 
Stabilitate.    Confirm.    Stand. 

Shallow,  adj.  The  adjective 
seems  to  have  been  formed  from 
the  noim "  shallow,  conn,  with 
shoal  and  shelf. 

Syn.  Shoal.  Slight.  Superficial  Un- 
profound. 

Ant.  Deep.     Profound. 

Sham,  »i.  Prov.  Germ.  sc/^ewieH, 
schem,  a  delusion  or  phantom. 

Syn.  Phantom.  Ghost.  Delusion.  II 
lusion.  Mockery.  Shadow.  Pretence, 
Counterfeit.     Unreality 

Ant.  Subt-tance.  Reality.  Verity. 
Substantiality     Truth. 

Shame,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  scamu. 
It  is  used  to  express  the  feeling 
of  shame,  the  act  of  putting  to 
shame,  and  the  ground  of  shame 
or  disgrace. 

Stn.  Abashment.  Humiliation.  Modesty. 
Shamefacedness.  Decency.  Decorum.  Re- 
proach. Dishonour.  Ignominy.  Contempt. 
Degradation.     Discredit.    Dispraise. 

Ant.  Shamelessness.  Barefacedncss. 
Immodesty.  Impudence.  Indecency.  In- 
decorum. Impropriety.  Honour.  Glory, 
E.xaltatiun.     Renown.    Credit. 

Shameful,  adj.    See  Shame. 
Shameless,  adj.    See  Shame, 
IShape,  v.  tr.    Ang.  Sax,  scof 
pan,  sceapan,  sceppun. 

Stn.  Form.  Mould.  Figure.  Adapt. 
Delineate.  Adjust.  Contrive.  Create,  Ex- 
ecute.   Make. 

Ant.  Pervert.  Distort.  Misadapt.  Mis- 
'  fleliiieate.  Derange.  Discompose.  Mis- 
'  contrive.     Misproduce.      Caricature.     Mis 


354 


Sijmmjms  and  Antoivjms. 


Shape,  v.  tr.     See  noun. 
Shapeless,  adj.    See  Shape. 

SvN.  Amorphous.  Unformed.  Form- 
!o<sS.  Chaotic.  Shadowy.  Undpfined. 
Monstrous.  Misshaped.  Ugly.  Unsj'm- 
nietrical.     Rude.     Uncouth.    Grotesque. 

Ant.  Comely.  Shaped.  Formed.  Shapely. 
C(in-,pact.  Trim.  Neat.  Well-detjned. 
Handsome.    Symmetriail. 

Shapely,  uJj.    See  Shapeless. 

Shaeb,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  scearu, 
scar  II. 

Sytx.  Portion.  Apportionment.  T.ot. 
Division.  Participation.  Allowance.  Allot- 
ment. 

Ant.  Whole.     Mass.     Aggregate.     En- 

Share,  V.  tr.     See  noun. 
Sharp,  adj.    Ang.  Sax.  scearjj. 

SiN.  'I'hin.  Fine.  Keen.  Acute.  Pointed. 
Aculeated.  Penetrating.  Pungent.  Acid. 
Shrill.  I'iercing.  Afflictive.  JJlstressing. 
Harsh.  Severe.  Eager.  Active.  Ardent. 
Sore.    Hard.    Animated.    Spirited. 

Ant.  Thick.  Blunt.  Dull.  Obtuse. 
Knobbed.  Rounded.  Bluff.  Mellow.  Bass. 
Hollow.  Deep.  Light.  Trifling.  Trivial. 
Mild.  Gentle.  Soft.  Tender.  Lenient. 
Sluggish.  Inactive.  Indifferent.  Careless. 
Spiritless.    Tame. 

^  Shatter,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang. . 
Sax.  scatcran. 

SrN.  Split.  Dissipate.  Disrupt.  Rend. 
Demolish.  Shiver.  Dismember.  Disln- 
tegrate. 

Ant.  Construct.  Organize.  Collocate. 
Fabricate.    Compose.    Rear.    Constitute. 


Shelve,  v.  tr.  To  place  upon 
the  shelf.  Ang.  Sax.  scelfe,  schytfc^ 
Used  metaphorically  for  setting  a 
matter  aside. 

Discard.    Sn-amp.    Stlflh, 
Prosecute.     Pursue,     lie- 


Stn.  Dis „. 

Shift. 

Ant.   Start. 
vive.    Agitate. 

Shield,  v. 

See  Shelter. 
Shift, 


tr.    Ang.  Sax.  scild. 


,  V.  tr.     Ang.  Sax.  seed- 
dan. 

Six.    Emit.       Diffuse.  Cast.      Drop. 

Scatter.  ^ 


Sheer,  adj.  Ang,  Sax.  scv; 
sci/r. 

SrN.  Pure.  Mere.  Unmi.xed.  Unqua- 
lified. Unmitigated.  Absolute.  Simple. 
Unadulterated. 

Ant.  Mixed.  Qualified.  Adulterated. 
Modified.    Partial. 

Shelter,  v.  tr.  Conn,  with 
Shield. 

Si-N.  Shield.    Cover.    Protect    Screen. 
AiT.  Expose.    Surrender.    Betray.  Im- 
perii.   Endanger. 


tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  self  tan,  to  divide,  drive  amm/. 

Syn.  Chang;'.  Alter.  Transfer.  Shelve. 
Displace.     Remove. 

Ant  Fix.  Fasten.  Locate.  Insert.  I'itcb. 
Plant.    Place. 

Shift,  n.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Contrivance.  E.\pedient.  Suljsti- 
tute.  Pretext.  Jlotive.  Change,  rruuit 
ferencp. 

Ant.  ifiscontrivance.  Fixity.  Stcidi- 
ness.     Reteution.    Location.    Permanence 

SBiNEyV.inf.  Ang.  Sax.  s«»a;;. 
Used  metaphorically  in  the  sense 
of  to  be  eminent. 

Stn.  Beam.  Brighten.  Gleam.  Glistea 
Excel. 

Ant.  Fade.  Wane.  Loota.  Glimmer 
Gleam.    Fail. 

Shiver,  v.  tr.  Germ,  scliiefern. 
See  Shatter. 

Shiver,  v.  int.     See  transitive. 

Stn.  Quake.  Tremble.  Vibrates 
Quiver. 

Ant.  Hang.  Stand.  StiETen.  Steady 
Rigidify. 

Shock,  v.  tr.    Allied  to  shake. 

Syn.  Surprise.  I>isgust.  Horrify 
Shame. 

Ant.  Gratify.  Please.  Delight.  Amusft. 
Edify. 

Shocking,  adj.    Sec  Shock. 

Stn.  Sad.  Horrible.  Disgraceful.  Hate- 
ful. Revolting.  Abominable.  Loathsome^ 
Foul. 

Ant.  Pleasing.  Honourable.  Charming. 
Delightful.  Creditable.  Edifying.  Ex- 
emplary.   Attractive.    Alluring.    ICnticing, 

Short,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  scort, 
sccort. 

Syn.  Brief.  Limited.  Scanty.  Inadft- 
quate.  lusufflcieut.  Lacking.  Deficient. 
Defective.  Imperfect  Incomplete.  Soon. 
Near.    Narrow.    Weak.    lncomprehen.«.'Ta 


ISynonyms  and  Antonynu 


ooi 


Ineitensive.    Less.    Abrupt.     Blunt.    Con-  | 
dse.    Condensed. 

Ant.  Long.  Protracted.  K.xtendi  d. 
Unlimited.  Plentiful.  Ample.  Almmlant. 
Adequate.  Sufficient.  Exuberant.  Liljeral. 
Large.  Copious.  Complete.  Distant. 
Deferred.  Wide.  Strong.  Comprelicn- 
sive.  Extensive.  E.xceeding.  Bland.  Cour- 
teous.   Inabrupt.    Expanded.    Difluse. 

Shout,  n.  Parallel  form  -with 
hoot. 

Srs-.  Exclamation.  Uproar.  Clamour. 
Vociferation. 

Ant.  Sibilation.  Hissing.  r>elicencc. 
Silence.    Hush. 

Snow,  V.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  smiviai), 
sceaivian,  scewkm,  to  look,  see, 
vieiv. 

Syn.  E.xhibit.  Present.  Demonstrate. 
Unfold.  Reveal.  Teacli.  Inform.  Con- 
duct. Manifest.  Evince.  Evidence.  Prove. 
Explain. 

AXT.  Conceal.  Suppress.  Hide.  'Wiib- 
hold.  Obscure.  Mystify.  Wrap.  Misde- 
monstrate.  Mlsdeclare.  Contradict.  Ke- 
fute.  Deny.  Disprove.  Misinterpret. 
I'alsify.    Misexplain. 

Show,  n.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Appearance.  Exhibition.  De- 
monstration. Parade.  Pomp.  Semblance. 
Likeness.  Pretext.  Profession.  Pretence. 
Hlusion. 

Ant.  Non-appearance.  Disappearance. 
Concealment.  Suppression.  Secrecy.  I'is- 
guise.  Dissimilarity.  Unlikeness.  Genuine- 
ness.   Reality.    Sincerity.    Substance. 

Showy,  adj.    See  Show. 

Stn.  Gay  Gaudy.  High-coloiired. 
Gorgeous.    Flashy.    Tinsel. 

Ant.  Inconspicuous.  Unnoticeable. 
Quiet.    Subdued. 

Shked,  1).     Scredde,  scredd((. 

Stn.  Strip.  Fragment.  Rag.  Tatter. 
Oddraent.    Scrap.     Paring.    Chip. 

Ant.  Fold.  Mass.  Piece.  Entirety. 
Integrity.    Whole. 

Shrew,  v.  Low  Germ,  schrauer, 
to  brawl.  Originally  applied  to 
both  sexes,  now  restricted  to 
females. 

LJyx.  Vixen.  Scold.  Virago.  Terma- 
gant. 

Ant.  Angel.    Dove. 

Shrewd,  adj.  Originally  in- 
clined to  be  shrew  or  sharp  in 
manner ;  now  sharp  in  mind. 


Syn.  Sagacious.  Penetrating.  Astuta 
Discriminating.  Intelligent.  Discerning, 
Acute. 

Ant.  stolid.  Undiscerning.  Unsaga^ 
cions.    Stupid.    Dull. 

Shrill,  adj.  Low  Germ,  schrill, 
sclireU. 

Stn.  Sharp.  Piercing.  Acute.  High- 
pitched. 

Ant.  Low.  Deep.  Base.  H,  How: 
Murmuring.    Rumbling. 

Shrink,  v.  inf.  Ang.  Sax, 
serin  run. 

Stn.  Contract.  .Shrivel.  Withdraw 
Retire.    P.tccjil.    Rpv(jlt. 

Ant.  Stretch.  Expand.  Dilate.  Ven- 
ture.    Dare. 

Shrivel,  v.  int.  Icl.  ^l.-riji,  a 
shred.     See  Shrink. 

Stn.  Contract.  Wither.  'Wrinkle.  Cor- 
rugate.   Decrease. 

Ant.  ICxpand.  Flatten.  Develop.  Un- 
fold.   Spread.    Dilate. 

Shroud,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax. 
scriid. 

Syn.  Cover.  Hide.  Veil.  Obscure. 
Darken.    Palliate.    Shelter. 

Ant.  Expose.  Reveal.  Unveil.  Eluci- 
date.   Discover.    Uncover. 

%«m-FLE,v.tr.aa(}iint.  Used  as 
an  intransitive  verb  iu  the  sense 
of  prevaricate.     Dim.  of  Sliove, 

Gtn.  Confuse.    Interchange.    Shift.    In- 

tershilt.      Intermix.       Derange.  Agitate. 

Evade.    Prevaricate.    Equivocate.  Quibble. 

Cavil.  Sophisticate.  Mystify.  Palter. 
Dissemble. 

Ant.  Deal.  Distribute.  Order.  Arrange. 

Compose.  Confess.  Propound.  Declare. 
Explain.     Elucidate.    Reveal. 

Shun,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  sc/mian,. 
sceonian. 

Stn.  Avoid.    Escape.    Discard.    Elnde. 
Ant.  Court.    Seek.    Affect. 

Shut,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  scyttan^ 
sciltan. 

Stn.  Close.    Contract.    Bar.    Fasten. 

AxT.  Open.  Expand.  Unclose.  Unbar. 
Unfasten. 

Shy,  adj.  Ang,  Sax,  sceSh, 
Mod.  Germ,  schcu. 

Syn.  Timid.  Coy.  AVary.  Susplcicaak 
Shrinkitig.    Chary. 

Ant.  Bold.  Brazenfaced.  Inipndsat 
Aadacious.     Reckless. 

2a2 


356 


Sipioni/ms  2nd  Antonyms. 


Lat.    sihilare,  I       Ast.  Misindicatii 
'  '  Misleader. 


Mistepresentktka 


StelLATION, 

to  km.  I 

S™.  Hissing.     Outcry.     Disfavour.  SlGNAL,  adj.       S-fC  Sign. 

Ant.  Acelamatioi;.    Cheers.    Popularity.         Svx.    Eminent.    Conspicuous.    Remark- 
Qr/^rr   r,ri;       A^~   cj„—  •'       "''It'-     Extraordinary.      Notable.      Memor» 

hlOK,  adj.     Ang.  Sax.  SIJC,  SCIOC,  \  able,    illustrious.    Impor1.int.    Salient. 
SCeoC.  _  _  Ant.  Ordinary.  Common.   Unnoticeable. 


Syn.  Diseased.  111.  Disordered.  Dis- 
tempered. Indisposed.  Weak.  Ailine. 
Feeble.  Morbid.  Xauseated.  Disgusted. 
CornipL    Impaired. 

Ant.  AVhole.  AVell.  Healtby.  Sound. 
Robust.  Strong.  AVell-conditioned.  Salu- 
brious.   Healthful.    Sane. 

Sickly,  adj.    See  Sick. 

Sra.  Weak.  Diseased.  Disordered. 
Ailing.  Feeble.  Pining.  Drooping.  Mor- 
bid. Unhealthy.  Vitiated.  Delicate. 
Tainted.    Valetudinary. 

AXT.  Strong.  Healthy.  Vigorous. 
Flourishing.    Salubrious.    Sound.    Robust. 

Sickness,  n.    See  Sick. 
Side,  n.    Ang.  Sax.  side. 

Syv.  Jlargin.  Edge.  Verge.  Border. 
Laterality.  Face.  Aspect.  Plane.  Party. 
Interest.    Cause.    Policy.    Behalf. 

Ant.  Centre.  Body.  Core.  Interior. 
Essence.  Neutrality.  Disconnection.  Sever- 
ance.   Secession.    Opposition. 

Sidereal,  adj.  Lat.  sidus,  a 
constellation. 

Syn.  Astral.  Heavenly.  Starry.  Ce- 
lestial. 

Ant.   Terrestrial.    Terrene.    Earthly. 

Sift,  v.  tr.    Ang.  Sax.  siftan. 

Stx.  Screen.  Analyze.  Scrutinize.  In- 
vest^ate.    Winnow.    Sort. 

Akt.  Confound.  Fuse.  Confuse.  Amal- 
ga-nate.    Conglomerate.    Compound. 

Sight,  v.  Ang.  Sax,  siJd, 
gesiJd.  Used  for  the  faculty  of 
vision,  its  exercise,  and  its  ob- 
jects. 

Stn.  Seeing.  Perception.  View.  Vision. 
Visibility.  Spectacle.  .Show.  Inspection. 
Examination.  Ileprescntatioa.  Appear- 
ance. 

AVT.  Non-perception.  Invisibility. 
Blindness        Obscuration.       Disappearance. 

Oversight.      Non-appearance.      Undiscern-    meaning  of  ^yanting  in  SCn.^e 
""""  ■  SrN.  Simple.    Foolish.    AVeak.    Shallow, 


Mediocre.    Unmeniorable.    Unimportant. 

Signalize,  v.  tr.    See  Signal. 

SiN.  Distinguish.  Exalt.  Glorify.  Dig- 
nify.    Immortalize. 

Ant.  Disgrace.    Dishonour.    Discredit. 

Significant,  ac7J.  Lat.  signum, 
a  si  fin,  and/acere,  to  make. 

Stn.  Expressive.  Jlomentous.  Sug- 
gestive. Indicative.  Symbolical.  Telling. 
Speaking. 

Ant.  Inexpressive.  Meaningless.  Ex- 
pressionlfss.     Unindicalivc.    Mute. 

Signify,  v.  tr.  See  Signifi- 
cant. 

Srs.  Portend.  Purport.  Prognosticate, 
Mean.  Represent.  Indicate.  Commu- 
nicate. Denote.  Betoken.  Declare.  Utter. 
Forebode.     Presage. 

Ant.  Conceal.  Suppress.  Misindicate. 
Misdenote.  Nullify.  Refute.  Neutralize. 
Preclude. 

Silence,  n.    Lat.  sHenfiaw. 

Stn.  Taciturnity.  Stillness.  Calm. 
Peace.  Hush.  Muteness.  Secrecy.  Ob 
livion. 

Ant.  Garrulity.  Loquacity.  Talkative- 
ness. Chatter.  Noise.  Brawl.  Clamour 
Clatter.  Pin.  Babel.  Tumult.  Agitation. 
Restlessness.  Storm.  Unrest.  Boar.  Bruit. 
Reverberation.  Resonance.  Commotion. 
Cackling.  Proclamation.  Publicity.  Fame. 
Rumour.  Remembrance.  Repute.  Cele- 
brity. 

Silent,  adj.    See  Silence. 

Silly,  adj.  Old  Eng.  Mod. 
Germ,  selig.  Of  old  meant  happy, 
innocent-minded ;  from  that  tho 
sense  travelled  to  weak,  as  the 
word  innocent  is  used  in  the 
senses  of  harmless  and  imbecile, 
and  finally  acquired  its  present 


Sign,  u.    Lat.  sit/num. 

.Syn.    J'oken.     IndiGUion.     Proof.     Me- 
morial.     Expression.      .Symbol.      Emblem. 


Unwise.    Indiscreet.    Imprudent. 


I'rctimiralioii.    Typf.    I'l 
oni.     I'jognostic.     MarU 


noMit.on.    .-^ymp.  i  Kutjonal. 
Omon.     Presage 


Witle 
Absurd. 

Ant.    Sagacious.       I'telllgent.     Astute. 
Wise.     Deep.    Discreci.    Prudent.    Sound 


Similar,  adj.    Lat.  siniilis. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


357 


St».  Corresponilent.  Resembling.  Alike. 
Oommoii.  Hoinogeiieous.  Concordant.  Har- 
monious.   Congruous. 

Akt.  Different.  Unlike.  IMssiniilar. 
Alien.      Heterogeneous.      iJiscordant.     In- 

CODgTUOUS. 

SrMiLiTUDE,  adj.     See  Similar. 

Simple,  acfj.  Lat.  simplex,  sine 
plicis,  vnthoitt  fdds.  Used  in 
many  literal  and  analogous 
senses.    See  Silly. 

Syx.  Single.  Inconiplex.  Uncompounded. 
Unblended.  Isolated.  Pure.  Unmixed. 
Mere.  Absolute.  Plain.  Unadorned.  Un- 
anificial.  Artless.  Sincere.  Undesipning. 
Single-minded.  Unaffected.  Silly.  Weak. 
Unsophisticated.  Humble.  Homely.  Lowly. 
Elementarj'.  Ultimate.  Primal.  Pvudi- 
mentary. 

Ant.  Double.  Complex.  Compounded. 
Blended.  ]\Iixed.  Fused.  Multiform. 
Multigenous.  Various.  Compomd.  Arti- 
culated. Sulxlivided.  Organized.  Con- 
nected. Modified.  Complicated.  Elaborate. 
Artificial.  Artful.  iHsigning.  Insincere. 
Double-minded.  Affected.  Self-conscious. 
Sagacious.  Sophisticated.  Great.  Eminent. 
Illustrious.  Complete.  Developed.  I'er- 
fect. 

Simplify,  v.  tr.  Simplex,  sim- 
2^le,  andfacere,  io  make 

Syn.  Facilitate.  Disencumber.  Eluci- 
date. 

Akt.  Embarrass.  Complicate.  Encum- 
ber.   Obscure. 

SlMUL.^.TB,  V.  tr.  Simnlare, 
from  similis,  like. 

Sts.  Feign.  Counterfeit.  Pretend.  Im- 
personate.   Assume. 

AxT.  Disresemble.  Discard.  Misrepre- 
sent.   Misexhiblt.    Misbeseem. 

Simultaneous,  adj.  Lat.  si- 
mnltaneus,  from  sim>d,at  the  same 
time. 

Syn.  Synchronous.  Concomitant  Con- 
•urrent. 

AxT.  Inconcurrent.  Sejiarate.  Apart. 
Intermittent.    Periodic. 

Sin,  ??.  Ang.  Sax.  syyw,  syn, 
sin.  Transgression  of  the  Divine 
law,  as  di.stinct  from  crime 
against  human  law. 

Stn.  Transgression.  Iniquity.  Un- 
righteousness. Ungodliness.  Wickedness. 
BtU.    Impurity. 


Akt.  SinlcssncBS.  Obedience.  Holiness 
Richteousness.  Purity  Godliness.  Good 
ness. 

Sincere,  adj.  Lat.  sincerus, 
said  to  be  sine  cerd,  without  wax, 
like  pure  honey. 

Stk.  Pure.  Unmixed.  Genuine.  Un- 
adulterat'd.  Hearty.  Honest.  Unfeigned. 
True. 

Ant.  Impure.  Adulterated.  Dishonest. 
Insincere.  Hypocritical.  Feigned.  Pre- 
tended.   False. 

Sinful,  adj.    See  Sin. 

Single,  adj.  Lat.  singidus,  one, 
each. 

Syn.  One.  Unique.  Individual.  Solitary. 
Separate.    Uncombined.    Unmarried. 

Ant.  Plural.  Many.  Collective.  United. 
Numerous.    Frequent.    Married. 

Singular,  adj.     Sec  Single. 

Syn.  Single.  Individual.  ITnique. 
Eminent.  Extraordinary.  Conspicuous. 
Consummate.  Unusual.  Uncommon.  Odd. 
Whimsical.  Quaint.  Peculiar.  Unex- 
ampled. Unprecedented.  Solitary.  Sole. 
Eccentric.    Fantastic.    Exceptional. 

Ant.  Common.  Frequent.  Numerous. 
Ordinary.  Usual.  Unnoticeable.  Every, 
day.    Customary.    General.    l!egular. 

Sinister,  adj.  Lat.  sinister, 
the  left.  Hence  unlucky  as  an 
ill  omen  occiu-ring  on  the  left 
hand;  thence  wrong,  and  also 
unfavourable  in  aspect. 

Syn.  Unlucky.  Inauspicious.  Ill-omened. 
Portentous.  Disastrous.  Unfavourable. 
Wrong.  Unfair.  Underhanded.  K\-il.  FouL 
Dishonest.  Dishonourable.  Forbidding. 
Repulsive.    Lowerin;;. 

Ant.  Lucky.  Fortunate.  Propitious. 
Auspicious.  Favourable.  Right.  Fair. 
Open.  Honest.  Honourable.  Attractive. 
Winning.     Engaging.    Assuring.    Frank. 

Sink,  v.  tr.  and  int.   Ang.  Sax. 

sinean. 

Stn.  Fall.  Descend.  Drop.  Subside. 
Penetrate.  Soak.  Droop.  Decline.  We-ary. 
Flag.  Decay.  Decrease.  Diminish.  Abate. 
Lower.  Immerse.  Submerge.  Depress. 
Degrade.  Drown.  Reduce.  Waste.  At- 
tenuate.   Suppress. 

Ant.  Rise.  Ascend.  Mount.  Soar. 
Swell.  Increase.  Spring.  Exude.  Flonrish. 
Kevive.  Float.  Heighten.  Raise.  Pro. 
mote.  Exalt.  Enhance.  Rescue.  Fostef 
ICncourage.  Perpetuate.  Promulgate.  DV 
vulge 


358 


Synomjms  and  Antony^ns. 


Snnrous,    adj.      Lat.    simiH, 

husom,  fold  of  a  dres;^. 

Sni.  Coiled.  Convolute.  Undulating. 
Curved.  Seipentine.  Winding.  Tortuous 
Anfractuous.    Waving.    Flexuxus. 

Ani.  Uncoiled.  Rectilinear.  Unin- 
flccted. 

Situation,  n.    Lat.  ^itus. 

Syir.  Locality.  Position.  Topography 
State.  Seat.  Post.  Place.  Condition. 
Residence.    Aspect.    Fooling.    Standing. 

Akt.  Non-situation.  Non-location.  Ab- 
sence. Non-assignment.  Unfixedness.  Dis- 
placement.   Dislodgment. 

Size,  «.  Abbreviated  from 
assize.  The  assessed  or  assayed 
magnitude. 

Sra.  Greatness.   Magnitude.   Largeness. 
Extent.    Dimnnslon.     Bulk.    Bigness. 
Akt.  Smalluess.     Littleness.     Tenuity. 

Minuteness. 

Skim,  V.  it;-,  and  int,  Prob.  a 
diflferent  orthography  of  scum. 

Stn.  Brush.    GlTde.    Graze.    Touch. 
Ant.  Knter.    Penetrate. 

Skibt,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax,  scyrtan, 
gescyrtan,  to  shorte7i,  Icl.  skirta,  a 
shirt. 

Srs.  Border.  Trim.  Confine.  Bound. 
Surround.    Encircle. 

Ant.  Penetrate.    Enter.    Interpenetrate. 

Skulk,  v.  int.  Dan.  sl-ulke,  to 
play  the  truant. 

SvN.  Hide.  Sneak.  Cower.  Abscond. 
Slink. 

Ant.  Appear.    Issue.    Parade.    Show. 

Slack,  adj.  Ang,  Sax,  deac, 
slue. 

Syn.  Loose.  Weak.  Remiss.  Back- 
ward.   Indiligent.    Slow.    Tardy. 

Ant.  Tight.  Tense.  Strong.  Active 
Prompt.    DiL»gent.    Alert.    Quick.     Eager. 

Slacken,  v.  tr.  and  int. 

Stn.  Loosen.  Abate.  Languish.  Flag. 
Moderate. 

Akt.  Tighten.    Increase.    Freshen. 

Slander,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  eschn- 
dre,  Lat.  scandalum. 

Six.  Asperse.  Defame.  Calumniate 
Vilify.    Abuse.    Scandalize. 

Ant-  I'raise.  Laud.  Honour.  Vindl- 
«ite.  Defend.  Panegyrize.  Eulogize.  Shield. 


Slavh 


fdj.     Like  a  .slave, 


or  one  belonging  to  the  Selavouio 
race,  who,  when  taken  in  Mar  by 
other  European  nations,  were 
;  called  slaves. 

_     Sv.v.  Servile.    Drudging.    Menial.     Ab- 
ject. 

AxT.  Independent.    Free.    Voluntary, 

Sleek,  adj.  Old  Eng.  slick, 
conn,  with  Icel,  slikia,  to  smooth 
'  or  polish. 

I        Svx.  Glossy.    Velvety.    Satin.    Silken. 
A.NT.  Rough.    Hairy.    Hirsute.    Bristly. 

Sleepy,  adj.  Ang,  Sax.  sla^pan^ 
sJupan,  to  sleep. 

Srx.  Slumberous.  Somnolent.  Drowsy. 
Sluggish.     Lazy.  ' 

AxT.  AVakeful.  Vigilant  Alert.  Awake. 
Active. 

Slender,  adj.  Old  Dutch 
sliader,  thin. 

Sin.  Thin.  Narrow.  Slight.  SmalU 
Trivial.  Spare.  Inadequate.  Inconsider- 
able.    Superficial. 

AlST.  Stout.  Thick.  Broad.  Robtist. 
Massive.    Considerable.    Ample.    Deep. 

Slight,  adj.    Gothic  slaights, 
smooth,  even.     See  Slender, 
Slight,  v.  tr.     See  adjective. 

Si-K.  Disregard.  Disdain.  Sconi.  Over- 
look.   Disparage. 

Ant.  Regard.  Respect.  Notice.  Ob- 
serve. 

Slight,  n.     See  verb. 
Slink,  v.  int.    Ang.  Sax  sZm- 
cun.     See  Skulk. 

Slippbry,  adj.  Ang,  Sax,  sli- 
pur,  slippery.  Used  in  metapho- 
rical senses. 

Svx.  Smooth.  Glassy.  Lubricated.  In- 
secure. Perilous.  Unsafe.  Unstable, 
Shifty.  Elu.^ive.  Shuffling.  Unprincipled. 
Deceptive.  Evasive.  Untrustworthy.  Un- 
ceitain. 

AxT.  Rough.  Firm.  Un.Mippery.  Se> 
cure.    Safe.    Stable.    Solid.    Trustworthy, 

Slough,  n.  Ang.  Sax,  a  sidy, 
a  hollo lu  place. 

Sra.  Mire.    Difficulty.    Despond. 
Akt.  Footing.    Stand-point 

Slovenly,  adj.  Dutch  slof, 
careless. 


Spioui/ms  and  Antonyms. 


SvN.  Loose.  Negligent.  Disorderly.  Un- 
tidy. 

AST.  Trim.  Neat.  Careful.  Orderly. 
Tidy.    Precise. 

Slow,  «'//.  Aug.  Sax.  daw, 
sie<i  >v. 

Stn.  Sluggish.  Inactive.  Inert.  Lazy. 
Unready.  Tardy.  Late.  Gradual.  Dila- 
tory.   Lingering.    Slack. 

Ant.  Active.  Quick.  Fast.  Kapid. 
Alert.  Ready.  Prompt.  Early.  Sudden. 
Lu  mediate. 

Sly,  ad/f.  Germ,  schlun.  For- 
merly used  in  no  unfavourable 
sense,  but  as  meaning  rapid, 
nimble,  as  in  the  word  sleight-of- 
liand. 

Six.  Cunning.  Subtle.  Crafty.  Artful. 
Wily.      Underhanded.     Astute.     Stealthy. 

AxT.  Open.  Frank.  Artless.  Unde- 
signiiig. 

Small,  adj.    Ang.  Sax.  smdl, 

srinul. 

Syx.  Little.  Diminutive.  Minute. 
Sligiit.  Feeble.  Trivial.  Insignificant. 
I'altry.  Narrow.  Mean.  Weak.  Slender. 
Fine."    Inferior. 

AxT.  Great.  Large.  Big.  Considerable. 
Bulky.  Extensive.  Ample.  Spacious. 
Stout.    Strong.   Important.    Broad.    Liberal. 

Smakt,  adj.  From  the  noun. 
Germ,  f^chnierz. 

Syx.  Keen.  Pungent.  Piercing.  Quick. 
Vigorous.  Sharp.  Severe.  Active.  Clever. 
Brilliant.  \'ivacious.  Witty.  Ready. 
Spruce.    Brisk.    Fresh.    Dressy.    Showy. 

Ant.  Dull.  Heavy.  Aching.  Slow. 
Inactive.  Stupid.  Sluggish.  Unready. 
Slow-minded.  Unwitty.  Dowdy.  Shabbj'. 
Clownish. 

Smeab,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  smer- 
u-iun,  smeru,fat,  grease. 

Stn.  Dault.  Plaster.  Coat.  Begrime. 
Varnish.     Incrust. 

Ant.  Abrade.  Levigate.  Polish.  Scour. 
Scrape. 

Smitk,  V.  tr.    Ang.  Sax.  smitan. 

Stn.  Strike.  Beat.  Buffet.  Blast.  AfQict. 
Punish.    Surprise.    Captivate. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Smooth.  Caress.  Re- 
lieve.   Console.    Repel.    Alienate. 

Smokb,  n.  Ang.  Sa::.  smocca, 
from  sriuocan,  to  smok^.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Syn.  Fumigation.  Fumes.  Vapour. 
Insubstantiality.  Nothingness.  Moonshine, 
Triviality.    Trifla 


359 


Axt.  Substance.  Reality.  Keaiization. 
Moment.     Importimce. 

Smooth,  adj.   Ang.  Sax.  smethe. 

SvN.  Even.  Plain.  Level.  Flat. 
Polished.     Glossy.     Sleek.     Soft.      Bland. 

'  AxT-'u^feven.  Rough.  Rugged.  Abrupt. 
Precipitous.     Unpolished.    Harsh.    Blunt. 

Smother,  v.  tr.  Sax.  smorran, 
to  steir.  Allied  to  smoor  or  smore, 
an  obsolete  word. 

Syx.  Suffocate.  Stifle.  Repress.  Gag. 
Suppress.    Strangle.     AUay.     Swallow 

Ant.  I'^an.  VentUate.  Foster.  Cherish. 
Nurture.  Publish.  Promulgate.  Divulge. 
Spread.     Excite.     Vent. 

Smoulder,  v.  int.  Dutch 
smeulen,  to  smoiddcr. 

Syn.  Reek.  Simmer  Seethe.  Ferment. 
Work. 

Ant.  Burst.    Blaze. 

Snatch,  v.  tr.    Old  Eng.  sv^cJc. 

Syn.  Twitch.  Pluck.  I'ull.  Catvjh. 
Grasp.     Gripe.    Clutch. 

Axt.  Unclulch.  Restore.  Unhand.  Ke- 
lease. 

Sneer,  «.  Ang.  Sax.  snora, 
a  snoring,  Germ,  schnarien,  to 
rattle.  Coim.  with  snort  and 
snore. 

Stn.    Scoff.     Gibe.     Jeer.     Dis 


ment.    Contempt.    Scorn.    Superciliousness. 
Disdain.  ^  , 

Ant.  Compliment.  Eulogy.  Commend- 
ation.    Deference. 

Snug,  adj.  Swed.  snygg,  smooth. 
Warm. 

Stn.  Close.  Housed.  Compressed.  Com- 
pact.   Comfortable. 

Ant.  Exposed.  Loose.  Disordered.  In- 
compact. Uncomfortable.  Bare.  Shiver- 
ing. 

Soak,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang.  Sax. 
socian. 

Syn.  Wet.  Steep.  Drench.  Macerate. 
Moisten.    Submerge.  . 

Ant.  Dry.  Air.  Wruig.  Lxiiccate. 
Aridity.    Bleach. 

Soar,  v.  int.  Fr.  essorer,  It. 
sornre,  Lat.  ex  and  aura,  the  air. 

Stn.  Rise.  Moimt.  Aspire.  Tower. 
Ascend.     Uprise. 

Ant.  Drop.    Sink.    Descend.    Alight. 

SoBKB,  adj.     Lat.  sobrins,  de< 


360 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


rived  from  sine  briis,  icithout 
cups. 

Stn.  Temperate.  Unintoxicated.  Cool. 
Dispassionate.  Ileasonable.  Calm.  Self- 
possessed.  Sound.  Unexcited.  Serious. 
Grave.  Sedate.  Steady.  Abstemious. 
Moderate. 

Ant.  Intemperate.  Drunk.  Intoxicated. 
Heated.  Excited.  Impa.<sioned.  Unrea- 
sonable. .  Agiiatpd.  Kurinus.  Tassionate. 
Extravagant.  Extreme.  Exorbitant.  Im- 
moderate.   Flighty.    Erratic.    Eccentric. 

Sobriety,  n.     See  Sober. 

Sociable,  aJJ.  Lat.  socius,  a 
companion. 

Syn.  Companionable.  Genial.  Conver- 
Bible.    Friendly.    Accessible.    Gregarious. 

Ant.  Unsociable.  Uncompanionable.  Un- 
conversible.  Ungenial.  Unfriendly.  Inac- 
cessible. Retiring.  Morose.  Sulitarj'.  Un- 
communicative. 

Soci.\L,  adj.    See  Sociable. 

SvN.  Collective.    Political.    Gregarious. 
Akt.  Individual.    Solitary.    Personal. 

Society,  n.    See  Sociable. 

Syx.  Community.  Polity.  Association. 
Collection.  Companionship.  Fellowship. 
Connection.  •  Participation.  Company.  So- 
dality. Communion.   Intercourse.    Sodality. 

Ant.  Individuality.  I'ersonality.  Segre- 
gation. Separation.  Solitariness.  Un- 
Bociality.  Privacy.  Dissociation.  Discon- 
nection. 

Soft,  adj.  Aug.  Sax.  Used 
in  many  analogous  senses. 

Stn.  Yielding.  Pre.<sible.  Impressible. 
Smooth.  Delicate.  Fine.  Sleek.  Glossy. 
Mild.  Gentle.  Balmy.  Kind.  Feeling. 
Flexible.  Effeminate.  Luxurious.  Un- 
manly.    Tender.     Irresolute.     Undecided. 

Ant.  Hard.  Tough.  Stubborn.  Un- 
yielding.  Rigid.  Unimpressible.  Rough. 
Coarse.  Harsh.  Abrupt.  Ungentle.  Rigor- 
ous. Cutting.  Severe.  Unkind.  Unfeel- 
ing. Sharp.  Inflexible.  Stern.  Austere. 
Ascetic.  Self-denying.  Resolute.  Deter- 
mined. 

Soften,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Soft. 

Sru,  Mollify.  Palliate.  Compose.  Miti- 
fate.  Assuage.  Dulcify.  Yield.  Mace- 
rate. 

Ant.  Harden.  Indurate.  Aggravate. 
Excite.    Infuriate.    Consolidate. 

Soil,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  soillicr, 
Mod.  Fr.  souiller. 

?VN.  Slain.  Tarnish.  Degrime.  Be- 
foul.   CoutAminate.  I 


.\XT.  Purify.  Bleach.  Clsoaee.  AS 
sterge. 

Sojourn,  v.  int.  Lat.  sub  and 
diurnus,  /or  the  day,  It.  soggiomo, 
Fr.  sejonr,  to  dwell  temporarily. 

SvN.  Rest.  Abide.  Reside.  Halt.  Stay. 
Quarter. 

Ant.  Migrate.  Move.  Wander.  De- 
part.    Travel.    Journey. 

Solace,  n.    Lat.  solatium. 

Syn.  Consolation.  Comfort.  Alleviation, 
Relief. 

Ant.  Affliction.  Aggravation.  Embitter* 
ment. 

Sole,  adj.     Lat.  solus,  alone. 

Syn.  Single.  Solitary.  Only.  Alone. 
One.    Singular. 

Ant.  Plural.  Numerous.  Combined. 
Collective. 

Solemn,  adj.  Lat.  sdemnis, 
from  the  Oscan  sollus,  all,  and 
annua,  year.  Occurring  every 
year  like  religious  ceremonies. 

Stn.  Sacred.  Formal.  Devotional. 
Ritual.  Ceremonial.  Religious.  Grave. 
Serious. 

Ant.  Profane.  Undevotional.  Secular. 
Light.  Gay.  Trivial.  Unceremonial.  In- 
formal.   Unsolemn. 

Solemnity,  n.  See  Solemn. 
Used  of  acts  and  their  character, 
also  of  manner  or  demeanour 
and  of  places. 

Stn.  Celebration.  Kite.  Office.  Func 
lion.  Pomp.  Parade.  Seriousness.  Pom- 
posity. Gravity.  Sacredness.  Awe.  Sanc- 
tity.    Impresslveness.    Imposingness. 

Ant.  Non-celebration.  Secularitv.  Sim- 
plicity. Triviality.  Gaiety.  p'rofanity. 
Desecration.  Unimpressiveness.  Clean- 
ness. Tawdriness.  Vulgarity.  Unlm- 
posingness. 

Solicit,  v.  tr.  Fr.  solUciter, 
Lat.  sollicitus,  Oscan  sollus,  ivhole, 
and  ciere,  citus,  to  move,  wholly 
moved  or  anxious.  Anxiously  to 
entreat. 

Stn.  Entreat.  Beg.  Urge.  Pray. 
Ask.     Crave.     Implore.     Imponuue. 

Ant.  Demand.    Require.    Exact.    Claim 

Solicitude,  n.     See  Solicit. 

Syx.  Anxiety.  Concern.  TMUbte 
Carefulness. 

Ant.  Indifference.  Unconcern.  Cm» 
lessncss.     Ea^. 


Si/uoni/nis  and  Antonyms. 


361 


Solid,  ad/.    Lat.  soh'lus. 

Syx.  Kurd.  'Firm.  Compact.  Resistant. 
rW'iise.  Substantial.  Weighty.  Strong. 
Valid.    Just.    Sound. 

Ant.  Soft.  Hollow.  Yielding.  Frail. 
Brittle.  Flimsy.  Elastic.  Resilient.  Mal- 
leable. Impressible.  Fluid,  l-lquid.  Fri- 
volous. Light.  Triflinc  Weak.  Invalid. 
Unsound.     Fallacious.    Weakly. 

Solidity,  n.    See  Solid. 
Solitude,??.    Lat.  so??/s.    The 
state  of  loneliness  or  being  alone. 

Stn.  Loneliness.  Remoteness.  Seclu- 
sion. Relirenient.  Isolation.  Wildness. 
Desertion.  Barrenness.  \\'ilderness.  Pri- 
vacy. 

Akt.  Publicity.  Populousness.  Society. 
Freqnentcdness.  Intercourse.  Resort. 
Meeting.    Reunion.    Throng.    Crowd. 

Soluble,  adj.  Lat.  solubiUs, 
from  soloere,  to  mrdt  or  loose. 

Syx.  Separable.  Discerptible.  Divi- 
Bible.    Dissoluble. 

Ant.  Indivisible.  Inseparable.  Indis- 
cerplible.    Insoluble.    Indissoluble. 

Solution,  n.    See  Soluble. 

Stn.  Separation.  Discorptlon.  Disrup- 
tion. Breach.  Discontinuance.  Discon- 
nection. Disentanglement.  Elucidation. 
E.xplanation.     Disintegration. 

Ant.  Union.  Combination.  Amalca- 
mation.  Continuity.  Connection.  Coii- 
lunction.  Entanglement.  Complication. 
Confusion.  Jlystification.  Obsctuily.  In- 
tegration. 

Sombre,  adj.  Fr.,  Sp.  somlra, 
Lat.  sub  iimhra,  shade. 

Stn.  Dull.  Grave.  Gloomy.  Dusky. 
Pensive.     Melancholy. 

Ant.  Bright.    Gay.    Sunny.    Joyous. 

Somnolent,  adj.  Somnoleutns, 
somnus,  sleep. 

Stn.  Sleepy.    Drowsv.    Dozy.    Dreamy. 
Ant.  Wakeful.    Vigilant.    Alert. 

Sonorous,  adj.  Sonor,  from 
sonare,  to  sound. 

Stn.  Resonant.  Loud.  Audible.  Ring- 
ing.   Clear.    Trumpet-like. 

Ant.  Mute.  Muffled.  Dumb.  Soft. 
Weak.    Inaudible.    Confused.    Powerless. 

SooTnE,  V.  tr.  Aug.  Sax.  (je- 
s6(  Ih  la  n .  Applied  to  persons  and 
tbeir  feelings. 

Stn.  Soften.  Assuage.  Allay.  Com- 
pose. MoUify.  Tranquillize.  Hacify.  Mi- 
tigate.   FUtt«r.    Appease;.    Relieve. 


Ant.  Rouse.  Excite.  IrriUw.  KuflBei. 
Exasperate.  E.xacerbale.  Agitate  infu- 
riate.    Aggravate.     Annoy.     Dissatisfy. 

Sophism,  n.  Gr.  a-6<j)ia-iJi,a, 
(ro(f)6s,  toise,  reasoner. 

Stn.  Fallacy.    Quibble.    Paralogism. 

Axt.  Truth.  Argument.  Reason.  Logic, 
Sylloelsin. 

Sophisticate,  v.  tr.  Pri- 
marily to  confuse  by  false  or 
fallacious  reasoning;  then  to 
corrupt  generally,  but  in  such  a 
way  as  implies  refinement  and 
art  in  the  process. 

Stn.  Artificialize.  Demoralize.  Debase. 
Corrupt.    Vitiate.    Spoil.    Pervert. 

Ant.  Naturalize.  Simplify.  Purify. 
Train.  Improve.  Correct.  Refine.  Re- 
form. 

Sophistry,  n.    See  Sophism. 

Soporific,  adj.  Sopor,  heavy 
sleep,  andfaeere,  to  make. 

Stn.  Somniferous.  Narcotic.  Anodyne. 
Opiate. 

Ant.  Antisoporific.    Antinarcotic. 

Sorcery,  n.  Old  Fr.  sorcerie, 
Lat.  sortiarias,  from  sors,  a  lot,  a 
sorcerer. 

Stn.  Magic.  Enchantment.  Witchcraft. 
Divination.    Glamour.     Possession. 

Ant.  Diseiicliautment.  Exorcism.  Ex- 
sufDation.    Dispossession. 

Sordid,  adj.  Lat.  sordidus, 
from  sordes,  dirt. 

Syn.  Dirty.  Filthy.  Foul.  Gross. 
Vile.  Base.  Mean.  Avaricious.  Covetous. 
Niggardly.  Beggarly.  Close-fisted.  Hide- 
bound.   Greedy. 

Ant.  Pure.  Liberal.  Generous.  Un> 
seUish.  Honourable.  Uncovetous.  Oppu- 
handed.  High-minded.  I'rofuse.  Lavish. 
Prodigal.    Extravagant.    Over-liberal. 

Sore,  adj.    Ang.  Sax.  sdr. 

Syx.  Painful.  Irritated.  Susceptible. 
F;xcoriated.  Raw.  .Scarified.  Ulcerous. 
Grievous.  Aftilctive.  Heavy.  Burden- 
some. 

Ant.  Painless.  Sound.  Whole.  Healtli« 
ful.  Healed.  Unbroken.  Un.scarifici 
Light.  Trivial.  Unburdensome.  i'leasant, 
Untroublesome.    (ir.itoful. 

Sorrow,  ».    Ang.  Sax.  sorf/. 

Stn.  Affliction.  Grief.  Sa(ine:!S.  Moun» 
ing. 

Ant.  Joy.    Gladness.    Bejokdng. 


!62 


Synonyms  and  Anionyms. 


SoKEY,  adj.     See  SoiTOW. 

.SvN.  Grieved.  Pained.  Hurt.  Afflicted. 
Mortified.  Ve.\ed.  Dejected.  Poor.  Mean. 
Vile.    Shabby.    "\Vortlile.<.s. 

AsT.  Glad.  Rejoiced.  Delighted.  Pleased. 
Gratified.    Fine.    Choice.    Handsome. 

Sort,  n.  Fr.  sorfe,  Lat.  sors, 
sortis,  a  lot. 

Syn.  Kind.  Species.  Nature.  Class. 
Quality.  Condition.  Description.  Designa- 
tion.   Genus. 

AsT.  Xon -description.  Solitariness. 
Uniqueness.  Nun-classificutiou.  Hetero- 
yeneily. 

Soul,  n.  Old  Eng.  faul,  Ang. 
Sax.  sdwel,  said,  said.  Used 
in  the  primary  sense  of  the 
spirit,  life,  or  mind,  and  in  the 
analogous  senses  of  an  animating 
spirit  or  person. 

Stn.  Spirit.  Life.  Reason.  Intellect. 
Vitality.  Fire.  Leader.  lns)iirer.  Energy. 
Courage.  Fervour.  Affection.  Feeling. 
Being.    Person.    Ulan. 

Ant.  SouUessness.  Irrationality.  Unin- 
tellectuality.  Deadness.  Unfeelingness. 
Spiritlessness.  Coldness.  lilindlessness. 
Nonentity.    JfuUlty. 

Sound,  n.    Lat.  so7iiis. 

Srx.  Resonance.    Audibility.    Noise. 
Ant.    Silence.       Stillness.       Muteness. 
Voicelessness.    Abmutesctnce. 

Sound,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  simd, 
gcsicnd. 

Syx.  Entire.  ITnbroken.  Uninjured. 
Unimpaired.  Health  v.  Firm.  Strong. 
Vigorous.  Weighty.  "Solid.  Irrefragable. 
Irrefutable.  Thorough.  Wholesome.  Cor- 
rect.    Substantial.     Valid. 

Ant.  Pariial.  Broken.  Injured.  Im- 
paired. Unhealthy.  Unsound.  AVeak. 
Frail.  Fragile.  Light.  'I'rivial.  Un- 
founded. Hollow.  Fallacious.  Imperfect. 
Unwholesome.  Incorrect.  Unsubstantial. 
Invalid. 

Sound,  v.tr.  Fv.sondei-,  sonde, 
a  sounding  line. 

Svx.  Prol3?.    Gauge.    Investigate. 

Ant.  Overlook.  Disregard.  Misexa- 
inine.    Misiuvesligate. 

Sour,  adj.    Ang.  Sax.  sitr. 

Hyh.  Tart.  Rancid.  Coagulated.  Turned. 
Hai-sh.  Crabbed.  Austere.  Morose.  Bitter. 
Acetous.    Acrimonious.    Peevish. 

Aht.  Sweet.  Wholesome.  Untainted. 
Mellow.    Genial.    Kindly.  | 


SouRCB,  ??.  Fr.  source,  from 
sourdre,  Lat.  surgeve,  to  rise  or 
spring  forth. 

Sts.  Rise.  Origin.  Sprins.  Fount 
Cause.    Commencement.    Beginning. 

Ant.  Slonth.  Debouchure.  Termina- 
tion.   End.    Exit.    Issue.    Result.     Effect. 

Sovereign,  adj.  Fr.  sotive- 
rain,  as  if  from  a  corrujjt  Lat. 
form  superaneus. 

Syn.  Paramount.  Supreme.  Primary. 
Chief.    Certain.    Efficacious. 

Ant.  Inferior.  Ministerial  Subser- 
vient. Subordinate.  Subject.  Secondary. 
Weak.  Uncertain.  Inefficient.  Uueffl- 
cacious. 

Space,  ??.    Lat.  spatium. 

Stn.  Extension.  Room.  Interval. 
Boundlessness.  Immeasurableness.  lUimit- 
ableness.  Distance.  Measure.  Quantity, 
lutervenience.    Interspace. 

Ant.  LimifcUion.  Inextension.  Restric- 
tion. Coarctation.  Confinement.  Proxi- 
mity. Scantiness.  Contiguity.  Uninter- 
ruptedness.    Continuity. 

Spacious,  adj.    See  Space. 

^  Sys.  Ample.  Extensive.  Broad.  Large. 
Wide.    Roomy.    Expansive. 

AxT.  Narrow.  Restricted.  Limited. 
Cramped.    Confined.    Inextensive. 

Spare,  v.  tr.  Aug.  Sax.  spa- 
rian. 

Syn.  Save.  Husband.  Economize.  Re- 
tain. Store.  Grudge.  Discard.  Omit. 
Forbear.    \\'ithhold.    Refrain.    Abstain. 

AST.  Spend.  Squander.  Waste.  La- 
vish. Scatter.  Expend.  Pour.  Indulge. 
Vent. 

Spare,  adj.    Ang.  Sax.  spar. 

S™.  Scanty.  Unplentiful.  Iiiabund- 
ant.  Meagre.  Economical.  Frugal. 
Stinted.  Restricted.  Parsimonious.  Nig- 
gardly. Chary.  Superfluous.  Disposable. 
Available.    Lean,    'i'hin.    Ill-conditioned. 

Ant.  Ample.  Plentiful.  Abundant. 
Profuse.  Liberal.  Unrestricted.  Generous. 
Bountiful.  Unsparing.  Unstinted.  Un- 
bounded.   Available.    Well-conditioned. 

Sparing,  adj.    See  Spare. 

Spabele,  v.  int.  Dutch  sjuirlc 
el  en. 

Sy.\.  Scintillate.  Flash.  Glisten.  Bulv- 
ble.    Radiate.    Coruscate.    Effervesce. 

Ant.  Smoulder,  ^^'ane.  Stagnate.  Ex- 
pire. 

Sparse,  adj.  Lat.  sparaust 
part,  of  sjiargcre,  to  sccUsr. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Stn-  Scattered.  Sprinkled.  Few.  Scanty. 
Thin,     lltasae.     Innuinerons. 

Ant.  I)ensp.  Miiltiluilinous.  Numer- 
ous. Frequented.  I'hiclf.  Crowded.  Po- 
pulous. 

Special,  ndj.    Lat.  species. 

Stn.  l"artlculi\r.  Specific.  Peculiar. 
Appropriate.  Proper.  Distinctive.  Ex- 
ceptional. 

Aot.  General.  Universal.  Common. 
Generic. 

Species,  n.  Lat.  species.  See 
Sort. 

Specify,  v.  tr.  Sec  Special. 
To  point  out  one  or  more  parti- 
culars. 

Stn.  Particularize.  Individualize.  In- 
dicate. Designate.  Detail.  Enumerate. 
Mention. 

Ant.  Generalize.  Classify.  Amalga- 
mate.   Confound. 

Specimen,  n.  Lat.  sjxcimev. 
A  part  intended  to  exhibit  the 
kind  or  quality  of  the  whole. 

Syn.  Sample.  JMode.  Pattern.  Illus- 
tration.   Instance.    Type.    Exemplar. 

Ant.  Anomaly.  E.<ception.  Nonde- 
script.   Jlonster.    Freak,    MisiUustration. 

Specious,  adj.  Species  in  the 
sense  of  fairness  of  form.  That 
wliich  looks  well  or  fair,  with  an 
impUcation  that  it  is  not  alto- 
gether what  it  looks. 

Stn.  Plausible.  Showy.  Ostensible. 
Colourable.     Fair-spoken. 

Ant.  Jnadmi:isible.  Self-contradictory. 
Absurd.    Unreasonable. 

Spectacle,  n.  Lat.  spectacu- 
him,  from  specere,  to  behold. 

Syn.  Sight.  Exhibition.  Display.  Pa- 
rade. Demonstration.  Picture.  Show. 
Pageant.     Flourish. 

Ant.  Non-demonstration.  Non-celebra- 
tion. 

Spectkal,  adj.    See  Spectre. 

Stn.  Ghostly.  Ghastly.  Cadaverous. 
Shadowy.    Visionarj'.    llhisionary. 

Ant.  Bodily.  Substantial.  Corporeal. 
Fleshly.    Palpable. 

Spkotke,  n.  Lat.  spectrum, 
an  appearance. 

Sto.  Apparition.  Ghost.  Shade.  Sha- 
dow.   Spirit.    Larva. 

Air:.'  Bodf,     Substance.     Flesh.     I'er- 

BODAiity. 


36S 

See  Specu* 


I     Speculate,  v.  int. 
\  lation. 

I     Speculation,  ;;.     Lat.  specu' 
I  lari,  to  observe. 

\       Stn.      Contemplation.        Consideration. 
Weighing.        Thought.       Theory.      View. 
I  Conjecture. 

Ant.  Healization.  Proof.  Fact.  Veri- 
I  fication.    Certainty. 

Speed,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  Ang. 
Sax.  spedan,  from  spoivan,  to  suc- 
ceed. 

Stn.  Despatch.  Expedite.  Accelerate. 
Urge.     Hasten.    Hurry.     Press. 

Ant.  P>.etard.  Delay.  I'ostpoue.  Ob- 
struct. Drag.  Loiter.  Dawdle.  Linger. 
Lag.    Stay. 

Speedy,  adj.    See  Speed. 

Syn.  Early.  Quick.  Rapid.  Fast.  Ac- 
celerated. 

Ant.  Late.  Slow.  Dragging.  Loiter- 
ing.   Lingering.    Tardy.    Sluggish. 

Spend,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  spend- 
an,  but  derived  from  the  Lat, 
expendere,  to  ivcigh  or  pay  out. 

Stn.  Bestow.  Waste.  IJxhaust.  La- 
vish. 

Ant.  Retain.  Save.  Hoard.  Accumu- 
late.   Husband.    Economize. 

Spirit,  v.  Lat.  spiritus,  from 
spirare,  to  brecdJte. 

Syn.  Air.  Breath.  Life.  Soul.  Es- 
sence.  Immateriality.  Intelligence.  Dis- 
embodiment. Spectre.  Apparition.  Ghost. 
Energy.  Ardour.  Enthusiasm.  Activity 
EarueUness.  Courage.  Zeal.  Disposition. 
Temper.    Principle.    Motive.    Distillation. 

Ant.  Substance.  Body.  Corporeit3'.  Ma- 
teriality. Flesh.  Organization.  Frame. 
Embodiment.  Spiritlessness.  Llstlessness. 
Soullessness.  Ltfelessness.  Torpor.  Dead- 
ness.  Timidity.  Dejection.  Slowness, 
Sluggishness. 

j     Spiritual,  adj.    See  Spirit. 

Stn.  Divine.    Religious. 

Ant.  Carnal.    Fleshly.    Unspiritual, 

Spite,  n.  Abbrev.  from  de- 
spite, which  is  from  despicei-e, 
despiectus,  to  despiise.  It  has,  how- 
ever, in  usage  acquired  a  more 
energetic  form  tlian  that  of 
simple  contempt. 

Syn.  Malice.  Malevolence.  Vlndlc 
tiveness.    Rancour.    Splein. 

Ant.  Good-will.  Becevolcnoo.  KiaUk 
nes8. 


364 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Spiteful,  adj.    See  Spite. 

Spleen,??.  ljSii.splen,Gr.(nrkr)v. 
Supposed  to  be  the  seat  of  cer- 
tain feelings  or  affections,  and  so 
taken  for  the  feelings  themselves. 

SvN.  Anger.  Spite.  Chagrin.  Annoy- 
ance. Rancour.  Hypocbondria.  Melan- 
choly.    Irascibility. 

Ant.  Kindliness.  Benevolence.  Grati- 
fication. Mirth.  Cheerfulness.  Geniality. 
High-spirits.    Gratulation.    Pacification. 

Splendid,  adj.  Lat.  splendidus, 
from  sphndtre,  to  shine. 

SvN.  Brilliant.  Showy.  Magnificent. 
Sumptuous.  Gorgeous.  Glorious.  Pomp- 
ous.   Imposing.    Illustrious.    Signal. 

Ant.  Dull.  Obscure,  'i'anie.  Sombre. 
Poor.  Beggarly.  Unimposing.  Ordinary. 
Ineffective.    Inglorious. 

Split,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Low 
Germ,  s/iliften. 

SvN.  Divide.  Separate.  Rive.  Cleave. 
Crack.  Splinter.  Burst.  Disagree.  Secede. 
Disunite. 

Ant.  Cohere.  Unite.  Amalgamate. 
Coalesce.  Conform.  Agree.  Splice.  Con- 
solidate.     Integrate. 

Split,  n.     See  verh. 
Spoil,    v.    tr.       Lat.   spoh'are, 
from  sjioliuw,  spoil. 

Stn.  Plunder.  Strip.  Rob.  Devastate. 
Pillage.  Denude.  Corrupt.  Vitiate.  Mar. 
Deteriorate. 

Ant.  Invest.  Enrich.  Endow.  Re- 
plenish. Renovate.  ,  Improve.  Better. 
Ameliorate.    Rectify.    Preserve. 

Spontaneous,  adj.  Lat.  spon- 
'Mneus,  from  sp)onte,  of  one's  own 
accord. 

Syn.  Voluntary.  Self-generated.  Self- 
criginated.     Self-evolved.     Willing. 

Ant.  Involuntary.  Imposed.  Compul- 
sionary.  Unwilling.  NecessiUited.  Coer- 
cive. 

Spoet,  n.  Abbrev.  from  dis- 
port, and  that  as  if  from  disport- 
are  (se),  to  carry  one's  self  about, 
to  move  -ivith  glee  or  levity. 

Syn.  Play.  Frolic.  'Wantorocss.  Joke. 
Diversion.  Merriment.  Gaiety.  Fun. 
Amusement. 


'  Spread,  v.  tr.  and  i7it.  Aug. 
\  Sax.  sp'ra-dan. 

I  Stn.  Extend.  Stretch.  Expand  Open 
Unfurl.  Divulge.  Propacatc.  Publisn. 
I  Disperse.  Diffuse.  Distribute.  Scatter 
Circulate.    Disseminate.    Piamify. 

Ant.  Contract.  Furl.  Gather.  Fold. 
Close.  Shut.  Secrete.  Suppress.  Con- 
fine. Restrict.  Repress.  Hush.  Conceal. 
Recal.  Collect.  Stagnate.  Concentrate. 
Localize. 

Sprightlt,  adj.  From  spright, 
another  form  of  spirit. 

S™.  Blithe.  Lively.  Gas'.  Brisk. 
Animated.    Airy. 

Am.  Sombre.  Dull.  Lifeless.  Slug- 
gish.   Inanimate.    Heavy. 

Spring,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax. 
spring,  a  fountain,  a  leap. 

Syn.  Leap.  Bound.  Jump.  Start. 
Emerge.  Issue.  Proceed.  Orieinate. 
Flow. 

Akt.  Settle.  Alight.  Land.  Drop. 
Arrive.  Issue.  Eventuate.  End.  Termi- 
nate.   Debouch.    Disembogue. 

Sprout,  v.  int.  Low.  Germ. 
sprutten,  sprotten,  High  Germ. 
sprosfen. 

Sytc.  Shoot.    Germinate.    Spring. 

Ant.  Blight.    AVither.    Decay. 

Spruce,  adj.  Der.  uncertain. 
Probably  conn,  with  sprout. 

Syn.  Xeat.  Finical.  'I'rim.  SmuK. 
Tidy.    Smart. 

Ant.  Slovenly.  Untidy.  Untrim.  Dis- 
orderly. 

Spur,  v.  tr.  Aug.  Sax.  sp'^'fo, 
spora,  a  spur.  Used  metapho- 
rically. 

Syn.  Incite.    Goad.    Urge.    Stimtilate. 
Ant.    Rein.     Inhibit     Hold.     Discou- 


Ant.    Work.      Seriousness.       Bueinrss. 
£*mestness. 

Sport,  v  int.    See  noun. 


Spurious,  adj.    Lat.  spurius. 

■»iN.  Counterfeit.  False.  Adulterate. 
Ungenuine.  Bastard.  Supposititious.  In- 
authentic.    Groundless.    Asciiitious. 

Ant.  True.  Genuine.  Veritable.  Un- 
adulterated.   Legitimate.    Authentic. 

Spy,   v.  tr.     For  espy,  from 

}  the  Old  Fr.  espicr. 

1       Stn.  See.    Discern.    Discover.   Explore 
Xiev,:    Inspect. 

I       ANT.    Miss.       Overlook.       MiseipIoT* 
1  Misobserve. 


Synoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Spy,  n.     Sf-e  verb. 
Stn.  Emissary.    IVtcctive.    Scout. 
Ant.    Sentinel.     Watcliman.      Warder, 
Patrol. 

Squalid,  adj.  Lat.  squah'dua, 
from  sgualere,  to  he  foul. 

Sin.  Foul.  Dirty.  Untcnded.  Muclty. 
Poverty-stricken. 

Ant.  Wbolesome.  Cleanly.  Tended 
Trim.    Tidy. 

Stable,  a<JJ.  Lat.  stuhiUs, 
fl'Om  stare,  to  stand. 

Stn.  Firm.  Established.  Secure.  Steady, 
Constant.  Unwavering.  Durable.  Lasting, 
Perpetual.  I 

Ant.  Infirm.  Tottering.  Weak.  In- 
secure. Precarious.  Inconstant.  Waver- 
ing. Frail.  Transient.  Ephemeral.  Evan- 
escent.   Unstable. 

Stagnant,  adj.  Lat.  stagnum, 
staiidinf/  water. 

Stn.  Motionless.  Currentless.  Tideless. 
Unflowing.  Unclrculating.  Lifeless.  Qui- 
escent. 

Ant.  Brisk.  Flowing.  Circulating. 
Rapid.  Lively.  Agitated.  Seething.  Effer- 
vescent.   Kestless. 

Staid,  adj.  Strictly  speaking 
the  2'"'"^.  X"-^^^''"^  of  the  verb  to 
stay. 

Syn.  Grave.  Demure.  Steady.  Sober. 
Sedate. 

Ant.  Unsteady.  Flighty.  Indiscreet. 
Wanton.  Insedute.  Erratic.  Eccentric. 
Agitated.    Discomposed.    Kuffled. 

Stain,  v.  tr.  Abbrev.  from 
distaiu.  Old  Fr.  destaindre,  and 
this  from  the  Lat.  distinqere. 

Stn.  Dye.  Colour.  Paint.  Blot.  Soil. 
Sully.  Discolour.  Tarnish.  Taint.  Dis- 
grace. Dishonour.  Befoul.  Blemish.  Stig- 
matize. 

A  NT.  Purify.  Wash.  Cleanse.  Absolve. 
Ornament.  Decorate.  Emblazon.  Signal- 
ize.   Honour. 

Stalk,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax. 
sta-lcan,  to  go  slowly,  from  stal, 
high,  erect.  It  then  came  to 
signify  secret  movement,  a  sense 
which  is  now  obsolete. 

Stn.  Stride.  Promenade.  Parade.  Pace. 
March. 

AST.  Sneak.    Crawl.    Grovel.    Creep. 

Stamp,  n.  GJerm.  stampfen,  to 
ttamp  or  beat.     Hence  from  the 


365 


sense    of    impression    used    to 
signify  a  common  character. 

SvN.  Genus.  Kind.  Description.  Make. 
Cast.    Mould.    Character.    Type. 

Ant.  Heterogeneity.  Nou-descriptlon. 
Formlessness. 

Stanch,  adj.  Literally  stopped 
or  stayed,  and  so  firm.  Of  the 
same  der.  as  the  verb  to  stanch. 
Sp.  esfanco,  stopped,  water-tight, 
in  contradistinction  to  leaky,  of 
a  ship. 

SiN.  Firm.  Steady.  Constaiil.  Faith- 
ful.   Unswerving.    Reliable.    Steadfast. 

Ant.  Untrustworthy.  Vacillating.  Un- 
sound. Unsteady.  Unreliable.  Treacherous. 
Precarious. 

Stand,  v.  int.  Used  as  tran- 
sitive in  the  colloquial  sense  of 
to  endure.  A  word  which  occurs 
in  varying  forms  in  all  the  Indo- 
European  languages. 

Syn.  Rest.  Remain.  Stop.  Be.  Exist. 
Consist.  Hold.  Continue.  Endure.  Pause. 
Halt. 

Ant.  Progress.  Move.  Proceed.  Ad- 
vance.  Fall.  Fail.  Yield.  Succumb. 
Drop.  Lie.  Vanish.  Fade.  Run.  De- 
part. 

Standard,  n.  Old.  Fr.  esten- 
durd,  Sp.  esfandartc,  It.  stendardo^ 
from  Lat.  extendere,  to  spread  out. 
Used  in  the  sense  of  a  raised 
criterion  or  measure. 

Syn.  Measure.  Gauge.  Criterion.  Test, 
Type.  JModel.  Scale.  Plummet.  Truti- 
nation. 

Ant.  Mismeasurement.  Misrule.  Mis- 
adjustment.  Jliscomparison.  Inconformity. 
Misfit.  Incommensurateness.  Non-cri- 
terion. 

Standing,  n.    See  Stand. 

Syn.  Status.  Position.  Ground.  Dura- 
tion. Continuance.  Footing.  Stand-point. 
Foundation. 

Ant.  Baselessness.  Evanescence.  In- 
security.   Preciiriousness. 

Starved,  adj.  Strictly  part. 
of  the  verb  to  starve.  Ang.  Sax. 
steorfan,  stearfian. 

Stn.  Lean.  Thin.  Meagre.  Attenuated, 
Emaciated,     lli-fei    lUconditioned. 

Ant.  Fat  Plxap.  Well -conditioned 
Well-f«L 


Synomjms  and  AntoAtjms. 


State,  v.  fr.  Lat.  status,  a 
stauditn/.  To  place  a  matter 
•apon  the  footing  of  a  proposi- 
tion. 

Stn.  Siiy.  Declare.  Propound.  Aver. 
Avow.    Narrate.    Kecite. 

Ant.  Suppress.  Repress.  Suppose. 
Imply.  Unsay.  Deny.  Contradict.  Re- 
tract. 

Stately,  adj.    See  State. 

Stn.  Dignified.  Imposing.  Pompous. 
Magnificent.     Grand. 

A.NT.  Undignified.  Unimposing.  Un- 
Btately.    Commonplace.    Mean. 

Station,  n.  Lat.  statio,  stare, 
to  stand. 

Stn.  Standing.  Post.  Position.  OflTice. 
Situation.    Slate.     Rank.     Locatinn. 

AxT.      Disloilgnient.  Displacement. 

Non-position.  Ejectment.  Non-location. 
Removal.    Deparluie.    Locomotion. 

Stationary,  adj.    See  Station. 

Sin.  Fixed.  Immovable.  Motionless. 
Unalterable. 

Ant.  Movable.  Unfixed.  Migratory. 
Removable.    Changeable.    Alterable. 

Statute,  n.  Statutum,  sta- 
tuere,  to  enact. 

Stn.  Enactment.  Law.  Act.  Decree. 
Ordinance.    Legislation.    Edict. 

Ant.  Custom.  Conventionality.  Pre- 
scription.   Use.    Precedent.     Usage. 

Stave,  v.  tr.  From  stave, 
meaning  staff. 

Stn.  Parry.    Fend.    Forefend. 
Ant.    Attract.     Court.    Draw.    Invoke. 
Provoke. 

Stay,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  See  Stand. 

Syx.  Hold.  Stop.  Restrain.  Withhold. 
Arrest.  Hinder.  Delay.  Obstruct.  Sup- 
port. Rest.  Repose.  Remain.  Halt. 
Abide.  Wait.  Tarry.  Confide.  Trust. 
Lean. 

Ant.  Loose.  Liberate.  Send.  E.xpedite. 
Speed.  Fref.  Accelerate.  Hasten.  Op- 
press. Depress.  liurden.  I'ail.  Fall. 
Proceed.  Move.  Depart.  Overthrow. 
Mistrust. 

Steadfast,  adj.  Stead  and 
fast;  that  is,  fast  or  strong  in 
place.  I 

SvN.  Firm.  Rooted.  Grounded.  Fixed. 
Established.  Constiuit.  ResoWed.  Blanch,  j 
Resolute. 

Ant.  Infirm.  Weak.  Vacillating.  Ca- 
pricious.   Uncertain.     Irresoldie.    Waver-  ! 


ing        Dubious.        Half-hearted.       HaJ^ 
minded. 

Steady,  adj.  See  Steadfast 
Used  of  physical  laws  or  opera- 
tions and  moral  conduct. 

SvN.  Firm.  Fixed.  Constant.  Uniform. 
Equable.  Regular.  Undeviating.  Well- 
regulated. 

Ant.  Infirm.  Variable.  Unsteady.  In- 
constant. Changeable.  Wavering.  HI- 
regulated. 

Steal,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  stelan, 
stcelan,  to  take  unlawfidly  in 
secret. 

Stn.  Filch.  PiUer.  Purloin.  Swindle. 
Peculate.     Embezzle.    Smuggle. 

Ant.  Rob.  Plunder.  Ravage.  Maijiud. 
Sack.    Pillage. 

Steep,  v.  tr,  Dutch  and  Germ. 
stippen,  to  dip. 

Stn.  Dip.  Soak.  Immerse.  Macerate. 
Submerge.    Drench.    Imbue. 

Ant.  Air.  Dry.  Ventilate.  Fan.  Sun. 
Aridify.     Exsiccate. 

Steep,  adj.    Ang.  Sax.  stedp. 

Syn.  Abrupt.  Precipitous.  Elevated. 
Inaccessible.    Hilly. 

Ant.  Easy.  Level.  Undulating.  Ac- 
cessible.   Gradual. 

Step,  n.    Ang.  Sax.  stepe  steep. 

SvN.  Advance,  i'ace.  Remove.  De- 
cree. Gradation.  J'rogression.  Track. 
Trace.  Vestige.  Walk.  Gait.  Proceed. 
ing.    Action.    Pleasure. 

Ant.  Retreat.  Recession.  Halting. 
Station.  Standing.  Non-graduation.  Non- 
progression.  Stand-still.  Stop.  Trackless- 
iicss.  Untraceablenass.  Non-impression. 
Desinence.    Desistance.    Inaction. 

Sterile,  ad).    Lat.  steritis. 

Stn.  Barren.  Unfruitful.  Unproductive. 
Desert.    Infertile. 

Akt.  Fruitful.  Fertile.  Productive. 
Luxuriant.    Exuberant.    Cultivated. 

Sterling,  adj.  A  cori-uption 
of  Easterling,  a  foreign  trader,  as 
coming  from  the  East,  as  Den- 
mark, and  where  money  was  ot 
the  inirest  quality;  hence  used 
metaphorically. 

SvN.  Sound.  Substantial.  Genuine. 
Essential.    Solid. 

Ant.  Fictitious.  Ungcnuine.  AsciU 
tious.  Specious.  Pretentious.  OstensiMe 
Plausible. 


Syiioni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


367 


Stbrn,  anj.  Aug.  Sax.  atemc, 
styriie,  allied  to  the  Gcrin. 
Starr,  stiff,  and  the  Eng.  stark. 

Sin.  Severe.  Austpre.  i;i(;i<l.  Unre- 
lentine.    Unj-ieldiiig.    Forbiddins. 

.\KT.  Letiient.  Genial.  Kindly.  Easy. 
Fle.xible.    Encouraging. 

Stiff,  adj.  Aug.  Sax.  st/f. 
Used  physically  and  metaphori- 
cally. 

Syn.  Unbending.  Infio.xible.  RIsid. 
Unpliant.  Strong.  Stubborn.  Obstinate. 
Pertinacious.  Constrained.  Affected. 
Starched.  Formal.  Ceremonious.  lUfll- 
cult. 

Ant.  riiant.  Fle.xible.  Flaccid.  Yield- 
ing. Easy.  Unaffected.  Genial.  Affable. 
Unceremonious. 

Stifle,  v.  tr.  Apparently  a 
form  of  stive,  to  press  together. 
Conn,  with  the  Icl.  stifla,  to  re- 
press, the  Lat.  stipare,  and  the 
Gr.  aTftj3fiv. 

SvN.  Choke.  Throttle.  Quench.  Re- 
press.   E.xtinguish.    Burke. 

Ant.  Ventilate.  Discuss.  Promulgate. 
Propound. 

Stigma,  n.  Gr.  From  the 
verb  a-TiCetv,  to  prick  or  bravd. 

Stn.  Brand.  Infamy.  Disgrace.  Blot. 
Stain. 

Ant.  Decoration.  Feather.  Laurels. 
Credit.    Renown. 

Stigmatize,  v.  tr.   See  Stigma. 

SvN.  Brand.  Denounce.  Reprobate. 
Censure. 

Ant.  Panegyrize.    Laud.    Eulogize. 

Still,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  stille. 
Expresses  the  negative  of  sound 
and  movement. 

Syn.  Quiet.  Calm.  Noiseless.  Hushed. 
Berene.  Motionless.  Stagnant.  Peaceful. 
Quiescent.    Tranquil.    Stationary. 

Ant.  Unquiet.  Disturbed.  Agitated. 
Moved.  Moisy.  Resonant.  Turbulent. 
Moving.    Transitional. 

Stimulate,  v.  tr.    Stimidare, 
from  stimulus,  a  goad. 
SrN.  See  Spur. 

Stingy,  adj.  Originally  eager, 
greedy,  stimiilated  in  the  desire 
of  gaining,  from  sting. 

Stn.  Close.  Avaricious.  Mean.  Niggarily. 
Close-fisted.  Hide-bjund.  Parsimoni .-«. 
Bpcrioa 


Ant.  Liberal.  Generous.  Large.  Hand* 
some.    Lavish.    Bountiful.     Unsparing. 

Stikt,  V.  tr.  Koi".  stintu,  to 
have  ei/oiigh. 

Syn.  Stop.  Limit.  Restrict.  Bounu. 
Dole. 

Ant.  Lavish.    Pour.    Heap.    Squandei 

Stipendiary,  adj.  Lat.  stips, 
a  contribution  in  money,  and 
pendere,  to  pay. 

Syn.  Paid.  Remunerated.  Compensated. 
Hired. 

Ant.  Unpaid.  Unremunerated.  Vo- 
luntary.   Gratuitous.    Honorary. 

Stipulate,  v.  int.  To  agree 
for  a  stips,  or  small  coin. 

SvN.  Bargain.  Agree.  Contract.  Cove- 
nant.   Engage.    Condition 

Ant.  Retract.  Declina.  Refuse.  With- 
draw.  Revoke.  Disagree.  Deprecate. 
Protest.    Recant. 

Stir,  v.  tr.    Ang.  Sax.  sfyrian. 

Syn.  Agitate.  Incite.  Instigate.  Prompt. 
Awaken.  Stimulate.  Animate.  Arouse. 
Excite.    Provoke.    Raise.    Ruffle. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Compose.  Quiet.  Allay. 
Pacify.  Still.  Repress.  Deaden.  Tran- 
quillize. 

Stoical,  adj.  Showing  the 
qnality  of  a  stoical  philosoj^her. 
From  the  Gr.  a-roa,  the  colon- 
nade, porch,  or  school  of  the 
philosopher  Zeno  and  his  suc- 
cessors. 

Sy-n.  Philosophical.  Indifferent.  Apa- 
thetic. Phlegmatic.  Patient.  Inexcitable, 
Imperturbable. 

Ant.  Sanguine.  Excitable.  Sensitive 
Impatient. 

Stolid,  adj.    Lat.  stolidus. 

Syn.  stupid.  Dull.  Heavy.  Senseless 
Mindless.    Doltish.    Unintelligent. 

Ant.  Acute.  Sensitive.  S.igacious. 
Quick.    Clever.    Bright. 

Stop,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Nor, 
stap2M,  to  stuff. 

Stn.  Close.  Obstruct.  Plug.  Cork, 
Seal.  Anest.  Suspend.  End.  Rest.  Halt, 
Delay.    Cense,    'i'erminate. 

Ant.  Open.  Expedite.  Clear.  Broach, 
Unseal.  Promote.  Advance.  Farther, 
Continue.     Proceed.     Speed.     Hasten. 

Store,  ■».  Old  Fr.  estoire. 
Provisions,    and    the    place   ol 


368 


l^l/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


SrN, 


Ji'-asiiri'.  Treasury.  Garner. 
Provision.  Supply.  Fund.  Accumulation. 
Ammunition.     Stock. 

Ant.  Kmptiness.  Lack.  Misprovision. 
Failure.  E.\haustion.  Want.  Ji.xpendi- 
ture.     Disposal.    Consumption. 

Stout,  adj.  Old  Fr.  estout, 
esfot. 

Stn.  Strong,  l.usly.  Vigorous.  Ro- 
bust. Sturdy.  Brawny.  Corpulent.  Ke- 
solute.     Brave.     Valiant.     Redoubtable. 

Ant.  Weak.  Debile.  Frail.  Attenuated. 
Thin.  Slendpr.  Lean.  Irresolute.  Feeble. 
Cowardly.    Timid. 

Straight,  adj.  Ang.  Sax. 
sti-eht,  ]}art.  of  streccan,  to 
stretch. 

SvN.  Direct.  Rectilinear.  Undeviating. 
Unswerving.    Rigbt. 

Ant.  Indirect.  Winding.  Incurved. 
Tortuous.  Sifluous.  Serpentine.  Circuitous. 
\Vaving.    Crooked. 

Straix,  V.  tr.  Old  Fr.  estrain- 
dre,  Lat.  stringere. 

Stn.  stretch.  Tighten.  Force.  Exert. 
Filter.  Filtrate.  Percolate.  Depurate. 
Clarify.     Defecate.    Lixiviate. 

Ant.  Loosen.  Relax.  Remit.  Slacken. 
Thicken.    Incrassate.    Inspissate.    Befoul. 

Strange, ac/y,  OldiVt. estrange, 
Lat.  extraneits. 

Stn.  Foreign.  Alien.  Exotic  Un- 
familiar. Unusual.  Odd.  Irregular.  Ab- 
pormal.  Exceptional.  Surprising.  Won- 
derful. Marvellous.  Astonishing.  Un- 
common.   Peculiar. 

Ant.  Home.  Domestic.  Familiar. 
Usual.  Ordinary.  Common.  Regular. 
Customary.  Commonplace.  Unsurprising. 
Universal.     General. 

Stranger,  n.    See  Strange. 

Syn.  Foreigner.     Alien. 
Ant.      Countryman.  Acquaintance. 

Friend. 

Stratagem,   u.     Gr.  (TTparr}- 

yrjfia,  from  arpaTtjyt'ip,  to  lead  an 
army. 

Stn.  Artifice.  Tactics.  Trick.  Con- 
trivance. Generalship.  Manceuvre.  De- 
vice.    Alachination.     Plot.     Plan. 

Ant.  Ulunder.  Defeat.  Jlismanoeuvre. 
Miscontrlvance.    Mismanagement. 

Stray,  v.  int.  Old  Fr.  estrayer, 
It.  stravagare.  Low  Ijat.  exirava- 
yare,   for'  ex  tra    and    vagari,   to  I  ^^^^""^ 


SvN 

Rove. 

Ant.  Adhere 


Wander.    Deviate.    Err.    Depart 


Abide.    Stick. 


Stream,  n.    Ang.  Sax.  stream. 

Sin.  Current.  Course.  Flow.  Exit 
Drift.    Tide. 

_  Ant.  Stagnation.  Deslstance.  Arresta. 
ticn.  Station.  Stand-still.  Stillness.  Halt- 
ing.   Cessation.    Stopping.    Interruption. 

Strength,  n.  Ang.  Sax. 
strengdhu,  strengdho,  from  strenge, 
strong. 

Stn.  Force.  Vigour.  Power.  Solidity. 
&>curity.  Validity.  Vehemence.  Intensity. 
Hardneos.  Soundness.  Nerve.  Fibre 
Sinew. 

Ant.  Weakness.  Imbecility.  Feeble- 
ness. Insolidity.  Insecurity.  Invalidity 
Frailty.  Delicacy.  Softness.  Flimsiness. 
HoUowness. 

Strengthen,  v.  tr.  See 
Strength. 

SvN.  Confirm.  Estjxblish.  Fix.  Corro- 
borate.  Secure.  Invigorate.  Fortify 
Increa.<!e. 

Ant.  Weaken.  Disestablish.  Sbaka 
Loosen.  Sap.  Undermine.  Debilitate. 
Diminish. 

Steenuotts,  ndj  Lat.  stremms. 

Stn.  Strong.  Resolute.  Determined. 
Earnest.     Vigorous. 

Ant.  Weak.  Irresolute.  Undetermined. 
Unearuest.    Debile.    Feeble.    Emasculate. 

Stress,  n.  Abbrev.  from  dis- 
tress. Old  Fr.  desfress,  from  the 
Lat.  distringere,  distridits. 

Syn.  Force.  Strain.  \\'eight.  Im- 
portance.   Pressure.    Urgency.     Emphasis. 

Ant.  Alleviation.  Slightness.  Light- 
ness. Unimportance.  Casualty.  Touch. 
Triviality. 

Stretch,  v.  tr.  and  ird.  Ang. 
Sax.  streccan. 

Syn.  Extend.  Expand.  Spread.  Strain. 
Tighten.    Reach. 

Ant.  Contract.  Fold.  Curtail.  Shrink. 
Shorten. 

Strict,  adj.  Lat.  str ictus,  from 
stringere,  to  draw  or  strain.  Ap- 
plied to  character  and  considera- 
tions. 

Stn.  Close.    Exact.    Accurate.  Rigorous 


wander, 


Ant.    Loose.       Inexact.       Ina<mrate 
Lenient.    ]MUd.    Indulgent.    Lax 


ISynont/ms  and  Anfomjms. 
Strijtttrb,  n.   See  Strict.  Acl- 


3(59 


verse  criticism. 

Stx.  Censure.  Reprobation.  Dispraise. 
Blame.    KepreUension. 

Ant.  Praise.  Commendation.  EuUigy. 
Complinient. 

Strife,  n.    Old  Fr.  estrif. 

Syn.  Stnissle.      Contention.     Contest. 

Quarrel.  Kmuiution.     Aniniosii.v. 

Ant.  Guud-wilL  Peace.  Amity.  Friend- 
liness. 

Stuike,  v.  ir.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  strican .  Used  in  very  many- 
analogous  senses,  of  Avliicli  the 
most  common  are — 

Srw.  Smite.  Impel.  Stamp.  Impress. 
Penetrate.  Insert.  Drive.  Lower.  Startle. 
Surprii^e.    CoUitle.    Touch. 

Ant.  Smooth.  Soothe.  Caress.  Pat. 
Stroke.  Kllace.  Levigate.  Withdraw. 
Itiiise.  Hoist  Calui.  Graze.  Escape. 
Avoid.    Pass. 

Steip,  vjr.  Ang.  Sax.fsfn/p't"- 
It  is  applied  both  to  the  divest- 
ment and  the  thing  divested. 

St.v.  Divest.  Denude.  Bare.  Dis- 
mantle.   Disencumber.   Flay.   Fleece.    Pvob. 

Ant.  Invest.  Endow.  "Clothe.  Enrich. 
Compensate. 

Strive,  v.  int.  Old  Fr.  tstri- 
ver. 

%TS.  La1x)ur.  Endeavour.  Struggle. 
Contend.     Vie. 

Ant.  Relax.  Surrender.  Succumb. 
Submit.    Yield.    Withdraw. 

Strong,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  strung, 
strong,  strenge,  from  the  root  of 
strinq, 

Syn.  Powerful.  Vigorous.  Solid.  Secure. 
Fortified.  Forcible.  Imiietuous.  Hale. 
Sound.  Robust.  Cogent  Influential. 
Zealous.  Potent.  Pungent.  Muscular. 
Hardy.    Standi.    Tenacious. 

Ant.  I'owerless.  Weak.  Frail.  Inse- 
ctire.  Defenceless.  Feeble.  Mild.  Calm. 
Gentle.  Delicate.  Sickly.  IneflScacious. 
Unsatisfactory.  Unconvincing.  Unim- 
pressive. Vapid.  Impotent.  Unavailing. 
Lukewarm.  Debile.  Flaccid.  Nerveless. 
Tender.     Moderate.    Indifferent. 

Strxjoture,  n.  Lat.  stnictura, 
from  struere,  to  lay  or  huild.  It 
is  used  for  the  process  and  its 
result. 

oiK.  Construction.    Erection.    Building. 


Constitution.     Constituency.    Organ '.zatlcm. 
Edifice.    Composition.    Te.xture. 

Ant.  Destruction.  Subversion.  Demo- 
lition. Disuriranizalion.  Analysis.  De- 
composition.    Uesolutioa 

Struggle,  v.  int.  Old  Swed. 
Strug,  a  (jioarrd.     See  Strive. 

Struggle,  n.    See  verb. 

Strut,  v.  int.  Dan.  struite,  to 
sw(dl.     See  Stride. 

Stubborn,  adj.  Old  Eng. 
Conn,  with  Stub  and  Stump. 

Stn."  Tough.  Unbending.  Unyielding. 
Hard.  Obstinate.  Intractable.  Obdurate. 
Headstrong.  Refractory.  Heady.  Con- 
tumacious.    Pig-headed. 

Ant.  Docile.  Tractable.  Manageable. 
Pliant.    Pliable.    Malleable.    Flexible. 

Studious,  adj.  Lat.  studiosus, 
from  sfud'-re,  to  he  desirous. 

Stn.  Literary.  Diligent.  Desirous. 
Attentive.    Careful.    Thoughtful. 

Ant.  Unliterary.  lUiterate.  Idle.  In- 
dulgent. Careless.  Regardless.  Indifferent. 
Inattentive.    .Negligent.    Thoughtless. 

Study,  n.    Lat.  studium. 

Syn.  Application.  Learning.  Medita- 
tion. Diligence.  Consideration.  Thought. 
Contemplation.  Care.  Endeavour.  '  Re- 
search.   Intention.    Purpose. 

Ant.  Indiligence.  Idleness.  lUiterate- 
ness.  Thoughtlessness,  i'^ase.  Indifference. 
Carelessness.    Unstudiousness.    Negligence. 

Stun,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.stunian, 
but  prob.  conn,  with  the  Lat. 
uttonure,  attonitus,  stunned,  as 
if  thunderstruck. 

SvN.  Confound.  Bewilder.  Dnmb- 
founder.  Astonish.  Stupely.  Overwhelm. 
Overpower.     Electrify. 

Ant.  Encourage.  Animate.  Inspirit 
Reassure. 

Stltendous,  adj.  Lat.  stupere, 
to  be  usfonis/ied. 

Syn-.  Amazina  Overwhelming.  A»> 
tounding. 

Ant.  Ordinary.    Unimposing. 

Stupid,  adj.,  Lat.  sfupidus,, 
stupere,  to  he  astonished. 

Stn.  Dull.  Senseless.  Stolid.  DolUuu. 
Besotted.    Insensate. 

Ant.  Quick.  Sharp.  Bright.  Sensible. 
Sagacious.    PenetraUng.    Clever. 

Stcbdt,  adj.     Tlii.T  word  has 


370 


Synonyms  and  Anfom/ms. 


wandered  very  widely  from  its 
etjTuological  moaning.  Old  Fr. 
tstoiirdi',2>a' /.oi  the  yevbfsfourder, 
to  stun  or  amaze,  and  so  motion- 
less; bnt  now  able  to  stand 
firmly  by  physical  strength. 

Srx.  Well-set.  Thick-set.  Strong. 
Stout. 

Ant.  Lank.     Weak.      Ill-set.      Lean. 

Fragile.  Wcaklj-. 

Suavity,  71,  Lat.  suavitas, 
sua  vis,  suave. 

Stn.  Mildness.  Softness.  Pleasantness. 
Gentleness.  Affability.  Courtesy.  Cou- 
ciliatoriness.    Complaisance. 

Ant.  Roughness.  Harshness.  Kude- 
ness.  Haughtiness.  Superciliousness. 
Pride.     Hauteur.     Moroseness.    Austerity. 

Subdue,  ?'.  tr.  Old  Fr.  suh- 
ihiyer,  from  the  Lat.  suhducere,  to 
lead  or  bring  under. 

Stn.  Conquer.  Reduce.  Overpower. 
Break.    Tame.    Quell.    Subjugate. 

Ant.  Aggrandize.  E.\alt.  Fortify. 
Strengthen.  Kmpower.  Liberate.  En- 
franchise. 

Subject,  adj.  Lat.  suhjectus, 
■part,  of  suhjicere,  to  be  loider.  Of 
old  used  of  jAysical  situation, 
now  only  in  a  metaiDhorical 
sense. 

Syn.  Sulx)rdinate.  Subservient.  Ex- 
posed. Liable.  Prone.  Disposed.  Ob- 
noxious.   Amenable. 

Ant.  Superior.  Independent.  Ilxempt. 
Indisposed.    Unliable.     Unamenable. 

Subjective,  adj.  See  Subject. 
Dependent  on  or  derived  from 
one's  own  consciousness,  and  in- 
dependent of  the  external,  or 
sometimes  regarded  not  in  itself, 
but  as  entertained  by  the  mind. 

Stn.  Mental.     Internal.    Intellectual. 
Ant.  E.xterual.    Objective. 

Subjugate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  sithju- 
gare,  to  bring,  sub  jugo,  under  the 
yoke.    See  Subdue. 

Sublimate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  subli- 
mare,  from  sublimis,  sublime. 

Sra.  \'apori2e.  Refine.  Heichten. 
Slevato. 


S-iUdify.     Crystallize.      Indurate,    test 


Coarsen.      'Worsen.      Degrade.      Oeprara, 

Lower. 

Sublime,  adj.  Lat.  suhUmif. 
Used  by  poet.s  in  the  sense  of 
physical  elevation. 

.Stn.  Raised.  Exaltid.   Lofty.  Eminent. 

Grand.  SUitely.  High.  Xoble.  MajesUc 
Glorious,     ilagnificent. 

Ant.    Low.  Depressed.       Dnesalted. 

Inconspicuous.  Unimposing.      Ordinary. 

Jlean.  Ignoble.  Inglorious.  Base.  Ridi 
culous. 

Submerge,  v.  tr.  Lat.  sub- 
mergere,  to  sink. 

Stn.  Drown.  Plunge.  Sink.  Steep. 
Immerse. 

Akt.  Raise.    Extricate.    Educe. 

Submission,  ??.  Lat.  submissio, 
submittere,  to  subm it. 

Stn.  Yielding.  Surrender.  Inferiority. 
Depeniience.  Meekness.  Resignation. 
Patience.     Acquiescence. 

Ant.  Resistance.  Insurrender.  Insnb- 
ordination.  Independenci-.  .iVntagonism. 
Self-assertion.    Impatience. 

Submissive,  adj.  See  Sub- 
mission. 

Syn.  Obedient.  Compliant.  Yielding. 
Obsequious.  Subservient.  Humble.  Mo- 
dest.   Passive.    Acquiescent. 

Ant.  Disobedient.  Incompliant.  Un- 
yielding.  Inot>sequious.  Keoalcitrant. 
Refractory.  Proud.  Resisteut.  Renitent. 
Malcontent.     Itecusant 

Submit,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Submission. 

Stn.  Yield.  Resign.  Surrender.  Refer. 
Propose.  Suggest.  Present.  Acquiesce. 
Succumb. 

Ant.  Recalcitrate.  Oppose.  Resist 
Object.  Withdraw.  Resume.  Rescue. 
liecover.  Vindicate.  Retain.  Reserve. 
Hold.    Keep.    Contend. 

Subordinate,  adj.  Lat.  sub 
and  ordinare,  to  order  or  arrange. 
See  Subject. 

Subscribe,  v.  tr.  Lat.  sub- 
scribe re,  to  li-rite  tuidrr.  Used  in 
the  sense  of  to  record  or  express 
an  opinion ;  followed  sometimes 
by  the  prep.  to. 

Stn.  Affirm.  Maintain.  Support,  En- 
dorse.   Assent. 

\KT.  Deny.    Disavow.   Repnllate.    Pro. 


Si/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Subsequent,  adj.  Suhsequens, 
part,  of  tiithscfjui,  to  follow  upon. 

Sys.  rosterior.  Later.  Following. 
After. 

Ant.  I'lior.  Former.  Earlier.  Precedent. 
Anterior. 

SUBSEKVIENT,  adj.  Lat.  Sld)- 
serviens,  part,  of  suhservire,  to 
serve  under.     See  Subject. 

Subsidence,  «.  Itatsubsidentia, 
suhsidere,  to  settle  down. 

Sts.  Settlement.  Sinking.  Retreat. 
Ecflueiice.     Kbb.    Decrease. 

Akt.  Rising.  Affluence.  Flow.  Inun- 
dation. xVgitation.  Swelling.  Intumescence. 
Increase. 

Subsidiary,  adj.  Lat.  suhsi- 
diicin,  help. 

Stn.  Assistant.  Ancillary.  Helpful. 
Adjuvant.  Conducive.  Favourable.  Pro- 
motive. Adminicular.  Corroborative. 
Tending. 

Ant.  Opponent.  Obstructive.  Preventa- 
tive. Inconducive.  Unlavourable.  Re- 
tardative.    Subversive.    Counteractive.; 

Subsist,  i'.  int.  Lat.  subsistere, 
to  he. 

Syx.  Be.    Live.    Continue.    Exist. 
Ant.  Fail.    Starve.    Decay.    Die. 

Substantial,  adj.  Lat.  sub- 
stantia, substance. 

Stn.  E.\isting.  Real.  Solid.  True. 
Corporeal.    Material.    Strong.    Stout. 

Ant.  Imaginary.  Unreal.  Insubstantial. 
Fictitious.  Supposititious.  Incorporeal. 
Cbimerical.  Visionary.  Immaterial.  Weak. 
Frail.  Airy.  Disembodied.  Spiritual. 
Ghosth'. 

Substitute,  v.  tr.  Lat.  substi- 
tuere. 

SrK.  E.vchangc.  Commute.  Represent. 
Replace.    Supply.    Depute. 

Ant.  Retain.  Fix.  Continue.  Per- 
petuate.   Slabilitate.    Establish. 

Subterfuge,  v.  Low  Lat. 
suliferfu(jLum,  from  subter,  under, 
Sixdfur/erc,  to  flee  or  escape. 

Stn.  Shift.  Evasion.  Artifice.  Dodge. 
Underhandeilness.    Sophistry. 

Ant.  Assertion.  Promulgation.  Chal- 
lenge. Exhibition.  Manifestation.  Open- 
handednesB.  Frankness.  Daylight.  Vindi- 
aUlon. 

SoBTiijr.,  adj.  Lat.  subtilis, 
$ub,  under  or  slightly,  and  tela,  a 


371 


I  luch.     Literally  anything  finely 
j  woven.    Subtle  (which  wr)  has 
j  the  same  der.,  though  diflcrently 
applied. 

i        Stn.    Fine.      Thin.      Rare.      Delicate. 
I  Nice.    Acute. 


Akt.    Coarse.     Thick.     Gross.     Crass. 


I      SuBTi,E,  adj.     See  Subtile. 

I        SVN.  Sly.    Artful.    Cunning.    Insinuat- 

I  ing.    Astute.    Nice.    Discriminating.    Fine. 

I  Shrewd.    Sophistical.    Jesuitical. 
'        Ant.    Open.    Frank.    Honest.    Artless. 

j  Undiscriminating.     Rough.     Blunt.     Un- 

j  discerning.    Unsophisticated.    Simple. 

j  Subtract,  v.  tr.  Lat.  sub- 
I  trediere,  tractus.  Used  in  the  pe- 
j  culiar  sense  of  taking  furtively. 

I  Stn.  Withdraw.  Remove.  Deduct. 
!  Take. 

AST.  Add.  Import.  Adduce.  Give. 
Bring. 

j      Suburbs,  n,     Lat.  suburbium, 
from  sub,  about,  and  urbs,  a  city. 
Stn.    Precincts.       Purlieus.      Confines. 
Environs. 

Ant.  Centre.  Heart.  Citadel.  Acro- 
polis. 

Subvert,  v.  tr.    Lat.  subvertere, 

to  turn  over. 

Stn.  Overturn.    Overthrow.    Destroy. 

Ant.  Stabilitate.  Perpetuate.  Con- 
serve. 

Succeed,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
succedere,  to  come  vp.  Afterwards 
used  in  the  secondary  sense  of 
coming  up  with,  or  attaining  to 
the  object  of  one's  endeavours. 

SvN.  Follow.    Supervene.    Prosper. 
Ant.  Precede.    Anticipate.    Fail. 

Success,  n.  See  Succession; 
but  used  in  the  secondary  sense 
of  succeed. 

Stn.  Achievement.  Consummation. 
Prosperity.     Victory.    Good-fortune. 

Ant.  Failure.    iJefeat.    Disaster.    Ruin. 

Succession,  ».  Lat.  successio. 
See  Succeed.  The  coming  up  of 
one  i^oint  of  time  or  any  ouo 
thing  upon  another,  but  more 
commonly  of  more  than  two. 

Stn.  Following.  Supervention.  Conse* 
cution.  Sequence.  Order.  Series.  Con- 
tinuity.   Supply,    Suite. 

2b2 


372 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Ajit.  Precedence.  Anticipation.  Pre- 
Tection,  Antecedence.  Irregularity.  Dis- 
oriler.  Non-sequence.  Solution.  Failure. 
Intermisiiun.    Break.    Gap.    Inconsecutive- 

ness. 

Succinct,  a'lj.  Lat.  succinctus, 
siih  and  ciiif/ere,  to  gird.  Lite- 
rally girt  np,  and  so  contracted. 

Stn.  Brief.  Close.  Concise.  Tei-se. 
Compendious.     Condensed. 

Ant.  I'rolix.  HilTuse.  Discursive.  Cir- 
aailtous.    Circumlocutory. 

Succour,  v.  tr.  Lat.  succurrere, 
9ab,  under  or  tip  to,  and  cxirrere, 
to  run.     To  run  to  the  help  of. 

Stn.  Aid.  Support.  Console.  Comfort. 
Help.     Assist.     Relieve. 

AST.  Distress.  Oppress.  JIaltreat.  In- 
jure.   Thwart.    Burden.    Persecute.    Ilurt. 

Succumb,  v.  int.  Lat.  surxum- 
here,  sub,  under,  and  cumbere,  to 
lie  doivn.  It  is  used  both  of 
voluntary  and  involuntary  sur- 
render. 

Six.  Surrender.  Submit.  Acquiesce. 
Yield.    Sink.     Resipn. 

Ant.  Resist.  Rise.  Contend.  Battle. 
Fight.    Surmount. 

Sudden,  adj.  Lat.  sithitaneus, 
Old  Fr.  sodain,soudain,soubdui/i. 
Aug.  Sax.  soden. 

Sm.  Unanticipated.  Unexpected.  Ab- 
rupt. 

AsT.  Gradual.  Expected.  Transitional. 
Slow.    Premonished.    Anticipated. 

Suffer,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
sufferre,  sub  and  /era,  I  bear. 
When  it  is  used  intransitively,  in 
the  sense  of  to  be  in  jDain,  the 
word  jtain  is  to  be  understooc]. 

SvN.  Bear.  Endure.  Sustain.  Supjiort. 
Permit.  Allow.  Admit.  Tolerate.  Ex- 
perience. 

Ant.  Resist.  Repel.  Expel.  Reject 
Disallow.    Repudiate.    Forbid.    Ignore. 

Sufferance,  v.    See  Suffer. 

Syx.  'I'oleratii.n.  Permission.  Endur- 
anf<?.  Jloderatiuii.  Self-controL  Long- 
Bofforiiig.     Patience. 

Ant.  Prohibition.  Resistance.  Non- 
endurance.    Impatience.    Insubmission. 

Sufficient,  ail/.  Lat.  sttffi- 
elens,2J'ir(.  of  sufjiccre- 


Stn.     Adequate.  Equal.      Conipetent 

Qualified.  Adapted.  Suited.  Enotyl 
Ample. 

Ant.  Inadequate.  Uneqnal.  Incompe- 
tent. Unqualified.  Unadapted.  Insuffi. 
cient.  Unsuited.  Meagre.  Bare.  Scanty. 
Short.    Deficient. 

Suggest,  v.  tr.  Lat.  suggerere, 
gesfus,  sub,  under,  and  gerere,  to 
carry. 

Syn.  Hint.  Insinuate.  Recommend. 
Intimate. 

Ant.  Declare.  Propound.  Enunciate. 
Insist.    Demand.    Dictaie. 

Suit,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fr.  suite, 
from  suivre,  to  follow,  Lat.  seqiii, 
Eng.  sequence. 

Stn.  Fit.  Adapt.  Match.  Adjust. 
Harmonize.  Apportion.  Befit.  Beseem. 
Tally.    Correspond.     Answer.    Comport. 

Ant.  Misfit.  Mis;idapt.  Mismatch. 
Misapportion.  Unbeseeni.  Vary.  Differ. 
Disagree.    Miscomporl. 

Suitable,  adj.     See  Suit. 

Stx.  Proper.  Fitting.  Becoming.  De- 
cent. Convenient.  Accordant  Compe- 
tent. Correspondent.  Harmonious.  Uci- 
forni.  Honiogineous. 
j  Ant.  Improper.  Unfitting.  Unbecom- 
i  ing.  Indecent  Inconvenient.  InaccordanL 
!  Incompetent  Discordant  Various.  He- 
I  terogtneous.    Unsuitable. 

Suite,  n.  Se-  Suit  and  Suc- 
cession. Used  also  in  the  special 
sense  of  retinue. 

Sulky,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  seolcan, 
to  grow  feeble. 

Stn.  SuUrn.    Gloomy.    Splenetic. 

Ant.  Genial.    Kindly. 

Sullen,  adj.  Old  Eng.  solein, 
solain,as  if  from  the  word  soiamis^ 
!  from  solus,  solitary. 
I  Stn.  Glix)my.  Heavy.  Dismal.  Fore- 
bodii.g.  '^ulky.  Moody.  Lowering.  Cheer- 
less. 

Akc  j!ht.  Light  Cheerful.  Favour* 
able.  Genial.  Kindly.  Glad.  Gladsome. 
Blit>« 

S<  LLY,  V.  tr.  Fr.  souiller,-mih. 
which  the  Eng.  soil,  in  the  sense 
of  the  same,  is  connected.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Stn.  Soil.  Kfliice.  Taint.  Tarnish, 
Spot.    Stain.    Spoil.    Disgracf.    Dishonour. 

Ant.  I'uril'y.  Cleanse.  Ennoble.  Hc» 
nour.    Diijnify.    Signa'iit.    Glorify. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


373 


SuLTaT,  adj.  Corrupted  from  Superable,  adj.  Lat.  svpera- 
Rwcltry,  as  siuelt  is  from  the  |  hilis,  from  superare  (super),  to 
Sax.  sirrUaii,  to  fail,  sink.  overcomp. 


Stn.  Closo.    Oppressive.    Depressing. 
Ant.  Open.    Kresh.   Invigorating.    Brac- 
ing.   Elastic.    Exhilarating.    Breezy. 


SrK.  Feasible.  Possible.  Manageable. 
Surountable. 

Ant.  Insiiperable.  Indomitable.  In- 
vincible. Unmanageable.  Impossible.  In- 
surmountable. 


Superabundant,  adj.  Lat. 
super  and  abimdant.  See  Abun- 
dant. 

Superannuated,  adj.  Lat. 
supier  ainws,  beyond  the  years,  i.e., 
of  service. 


Stn.    Effete, 
Passe. 

Akt.    Vigorous. 
Efficient. 


Time-worn.       Decrepit. 
Energetic.       Active, 


Sum,  «.  Old  Fr.  sume,  some. 
New  Fr.  so7nmc,  from  the  Lat. 
siimma,  suvivius,  for  siqn-enws, 
the  fop, 

Syn.  Aggregate.  Amount.  Quantity. 
Collection.  Substance.  Gist.  Tenour. 
Height.    Omipletion.    Drift.    Bearing. 

Ant.  I'art.  Portion.  Item.  Imperfec- 
tion. Incompleteness.  Miscalculation.  Mis- 
interpretation. 

Summary,  adj.  SummariKS, 
si(}7nna,  a  sum,  a  u'inding  tip. 
Eapidly  winding  up.  Superb,  adj.    Lat.  svperhis. 

Svx.    Compendious.     Short.     Off-hand.  Stx.    Grand.       Magnificent.       August. 

Decisive.    Quick.      Sharp.     Unceremonious.     Stately.    Uor'ieous. 
Informal.     Kajiid.    Concise.  i        Ant.   Mean.      Common.     Commonplace. 

Ant.  Tedious.    Circuitous.    1!oundalniut.    Unimposing.    aabby. 

luious'^'siow!"™"'-    ^''''^"'"'''^'-     '''"''■  I       SUTERCILIOUS,    adj.  Lat.    SU- 

„  "  "  o  7  I  percilium,   the   njebrow,  as   knit- 

SUMMAET,  w.      See  verb.  i  tino- tli  '  "" 

1       Stx.    Haughty.      Contemptuous.      Dis 
nilu.  '  dainful.     Arrogant.    Insolent. 

Ant.   Affable.     Courteous.  Respectful. 
1  Modest.    Bashful. 

Summit  .KFr.so,r,me<,  Lat.  I  supererogation,  «.  Super, 
"'s;""Top"tSt  Apex.  Cttlmma.  U?-,  and  erogare,  to  require. 
tion.   Zenith.  I  That  which  in  conduct  is  over 

^  Ant.    Bottom.      Depth.      Base.      Foot.  \  ^^-j    ^■lx)Ve    what    IS    needful     Or 

^'''^"''  '  due,  and  so  sometimes  used  in 

Summon,  v.  tr.    Old  Fr.  scmo-  ,  the  sense  of  needlessness. 

7! f  r,  Sf  mo?H/ re,  from  the  Lat.  SHm-  ]        Syh.  Superfluity.    ICxcess.    Siiperabund- 
^,^,^,-n     a,,h    onrl    r,T,f.,^^-,-o      in    ri,l      ancc.    SupiTvacaneousness.    Needlessness. 
rnone^e,   sub   ima  riwn^)e,    to    ad-  aut.  Necessity.  Unprofitableness.  Duty. 

moil  ish.  i  Shortcoming.    Deficiency. 

C^n'.^ke!^^\';,vitT^Bid''^"^"'^^-     ''''"'^'-  \        SUPERFICIAL,  «c7/.      Lat.S^^e,- 
Ant.    Discharge.       Remit.       Relegate.  ;  ficies,  the  surface.      Near  thc  SUl'- 
Send.    Disband.    Prorogue.    Dissolve.    Dis-   ^ace   or  OU   the   Surface,   whether 


Sr.N.    Analysis.      TabulaUon.''    Compen-  |  ^^^g  j^e^ejetoo^lii^Jf.!^^^ 
dium.     Precis.    Abstract. 

Ant.    I)ilatation.       l-jcpansiun. 
tion. 


card.    Dismiss. 

Sumptuous,  adj.  Lat.  sumptus, 
expenditure.  Procured  at  or  ex- 
hibiting prcat  expense.  Icondite.    Accural: 

Stn.      Costly.       Gorgeous.       Splendid.  | 
K.spensive.    Magnificent.    Prodigal.   Lavish.  SUPERFLUITY,  adj.      Lat.  SlipeV. 

Munificent.  ,  j    .,  a     n   , 

ANT.    Poor.    Mean.    Inexpensive,    ^x-    above,  ^XsA  pier e,  to  jlou;. 
did.      Niggardly.      Economical.      lUiberal.  i        Sin.    Redundance.     NeedlessMM.     S» 
Ueggaily.    Frugal.    Parsimonious.    Saving,    pererogation.    Pleonasm.    Excess. 


hterally  or  metaphorically. 

Stn.  Light.     Slight.     Imperfect.     Shal- 
low.   Smattering.    Skin-deep. 

Ant.  Peep.     Profound.     Abstruse.    Ris 
Exact.    Deep-seated. 


374 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Airr.  Necessity.  Necessary.  Reqnlre- 
inent.  Scautiness.  Shortcoming.  Defi- 
ciency 

Superhuman,  <ulj.  Super,  above, 
and  hummus,  human.  Beyond 
the  nature  or  ordinary  power  of 
man. 

Sr.v.  Supernatural.  Miraculous.  Di- 
vine.   Hyporphysical.    Preternatural. 

Ant.  Natural.  Human.  Physical.  Un- 
miraculous. 

SOPEBINTENDENT,      n.  Lat. 

superintendens,  from  super,  above, 
and  intendere,  to  heed  or  inspect. 

Sm.  Inspector.  Overseer.  Controller. 
Director.  Manager.  Visitor.  Head.  Prin- 
cipal.   Supervisor. 

Ant.  Subject.  Subordinate.  Servant. 
Employee. 

Superior,  adj.  Lat.  superior, 
comparative  of  superus,  from  su- 
per, above. 

Stn.  Higher.  Upper.  Better.  Loftier. 
Excellent.  Remarkable.  Eminent.  Con- 
spicuous. 

Ant.  Inferior.  Lower.  Worse.  Subor- 
dinate. Ordinary.  Common.  Unremark- 
able.   Average.    Mean.    Mediocre. 

Superlative,  adj.  Lat.  svper- 
lativus,  from  superlatus,  part,  of 
superferre,  to  hear  beyond. 

Stn.  Supreme.  Transcendent.  Surpass- 
ing.   Consummate.    Extraordinary. 

Ant.  Common.  Ordinary.  Unremark- 
able. 

Supernal,  adj.  Lat.  supemus, 
from  super,  above. 

Stn.  Celestial.    Heavenly. 

Ant.  Terrestrial.  Earthly.  Infernal. 
Lower.    Sublunary. 

Supernatural,  adj.  Lat.  su- 
per naturam,  above  nature.  Sec 
Superhuman. 

Supersede,  v.  tr.  Lat.  super- 
sedere. In  the  sense  of  to  omit 
or  desist  from. 

Syn.  Remove.  Wsplace.  Obviate.  Re- 
cal.    Neutralize.    Overrule.    Suspend. 

Ant.  Confirn-..  Perpetuate.  Continue. 
Introduce.    Supply. 

Superstition,  n.  Lat  super- 
stitio,  from  superstare,  a  standing 


aver  a  thing  as  in  terror  or  amaze- 
ment. Hence,  excessive  awe  or 
dread  of  the  Divine  or  super- 
natural. 

Srx.  Bigotry.    Fanaticism. 

Ant.  Infidelity.  Scepticism.  Disbelief. 
Rationalism.  Religion.  Devotion.  AVor- 
ship.    Reason. 

Supervacaneous,  cuJj.  Super, 
above,  and  vacuus,  void.  See  Su- 
perfluity. 

Supervene,  v.  int.  Super  and 
venio,  to  come. 

Syn.  Happen.    Accrue.    Succeed.    Occur. 

Ant.  Pass.  Depart.  Disappear.  Va- 
nish. 

Supervise,  v.  tr.  Lat.  super 
and  visere,  the  freq.  of  videre,  to 
inspiect. 

Stn.  Superintend.  Control.  Manage, 
Direct.    Visit.    Inspect.    Overlook. 

Ant.  Mismanage,  Miscontrol.  Misre- 
gulate.    Misdirect. 

Supine,  adj.  Lat.  supinus,  ly 
ing  on  the  hack  ;  hence,  careless. ' 
"Syn.  Lazy.  Indolent.  Indifferent.  Care, 
less.    Sluggish.    Otiose.    Torpid. 

Ant.  Active.  Energetic.  Laborious. 
Diligent.    Indefatigable. 

Supple,  adj.  Fr.  souple,  Lat. 
supplex,  sub,  under,  and  pilicarey 
to  fold,  bending  the  knees. 

Stn.  Pliant.  Bending.  Yielding. 
Flexible.  Elastic.  Servile.  Fawning. 
Cringing.    Adulatory.    Sycophantic. 

Ant.  Firm.  Unbendin;;.  Unyielding. 
Stiff.  Stubborn.  Inflexible.  Inelastic 
Independent.    Self-assertive.    Supercilious. 

Supplicate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  See 
Supple. 

Stn.    I'ray.  Beg.     Entreat.      Implore. 

Solicit.    Crave.  Importune. 

Ant.  Order.  Command.  Iiijiit.  Dic- 
tate.   Demand. 

Supply,  v.  tr.    Lat.  supphrr. 

Stn.  Furnish.  Afford.  Provide.  Yield. 
Contribute. 

Ant.  Expend.  Use.  Consunv.  'Waste. 
Exhaust.  Absori).  Demand.  Withhold. 
Withdraw.    Retain. 

Support,  v.  tr.  Lat.  sub  and 
portare,  to  cai'ri-;. 

Stn.  Bear.  Uphold.  Sustain.  Mi»k>» 
tain.     Continue.     Countenance.     Pi" 


Si/nonwns  and  Antony nis. 


375 


Subsidize.     Kelp.     Back.     Stoy.     Favour. 
Prop. 

J\NT.  Drop.  Tietray.  Surrender.  A'laii- 
don.  Discontinue.  Oppose.  Discourasre. 
Weaken.  E.xhaiist.  Thwart.  Discounie- 
nance.    Disfavour.    Subvert.    Suppress. 

Support,  n.     See  verb. 

Suppose,  r.  fr.  Lat.  siqijio- 
nere,  to  pluce  under. 

St.v.  Assume.  I^resume.  Believe.  Ima- 
gine. Imply.  Pi-esuppose.  Conjectmc. 
Guess.    Conclude.    Judge.    Consider. 

Amt.  Prove.  Demonstrate.  Substan- 
tiate. Realize.  Disbelieve.  Negative. 
1  )eny. 

Supposititious,  ailj.  See  Sup- 
pose. Falsely  placed  under, 
sulistituted,  or  supposed. 

Srx.  Fictitious.  Ascititiov.,.  Adven- 
titious. Spurious.  Counterfeit.  Fancied. 
Imaginary. 

AST.  True.  Genuine.  Authentic.  Ve- 
ritable.   Actual.     Ileal. 

Suppress,  v.  tr.  Lat.  sujipri- 
mere,  2^ressus,  from  sub,  under, 
and  premere,  to  press. 

Stn.  Overpower.  Extinguish.  Subdue. 
Quell.  Crush.  Destroy.  Restrain.  Con- 
ceal.   Hush.    Stop.    Smother. 

AST.  Raise.  Support.  Fan.  Excite. 
Strengthen.  Incite,  Instigate.  Increase. 
Aggravate.  Vent.  Publish.  Promulgate. 
Spread.    Disseminate.    Intensify. 

SUPPRESSIBLE,  adj.  See  Sup- 
press. 

Stx.  Extinguishable.    Restrainable. 
AST.    Inextinguishable.     Irrestrainable. 
In-epressible.    Indomitable. 

SUPBEM.VCY,  n.  Fr.  suprema- 
tie,  Lat.  supremus. 

Stn.  Sovereignty.  Non-subjection. 
Lordship.     Autocracy. 

Ant.  Inferiority.  Subordination.  Sub- 
jection. 

Supreme,  adj.  See  Supre- 
macy. 

Sure,  adj.  Old  Fr.  stilr,  segur, 
from  the  Lat.  securus,  se,  withuut, 
and  cum,  care. 

Syn.  Certain.  Knowing.  Believing. 
Confident.  Trusting.  Unquestioning.  Po- 
sitive. Unfailing.  Strong.  Permanent. 
Abiding.  Enduring.  Infallible.  indis- 
putable.   Fast. 

AST.  Uncertain.  Ignorant.  l>uliious. 
Donbtfil    Hesitating      Distrustful.    Ques- 


tioning. Vacillating.  Weak.  Untrust- 
worthy. Precarious.  Insecure.  Imperma- 
nent. *  Transient.  Evanescent  Fallible. 
Disputable.    Loose. 

Surfeit,  h.  Old  Fr.  surf  ait, 
sorfaif,  irom  sur,  Lat.  sujjer,  over, 
and /((ire,  Lat.  ./acere,  to  do. 

Syx.  Supi^rabun'dance.  Excess.  Glut 
Niniietv.     I'lethora. 

Ant.  Scantiness.  Stint.  Defect.  Star- 
vation.     Inanition.    Insufficiency. 

Surmount,  v.  tr.  Fr.  sur,  for 
Lat.  super  and  monter,  to  mount. 
See  Succumb. 

Surmountable,  adj.  See  Sur- 
mount. 

Surpass,  v.  tr.    Fr.  surpasser. 

Syn.  Eclipse.  Outvie.  E.\cel.  Outstrip. 
Outstep. 

iVNT.  Fail.    Foil.    Equal. 

Surplus,    h.      For  superplm, 

from  super,  above,  and  2'>las,  more. 

Stn.  Redundancy.   Remainder.   Balance. 

Ant.  Deficiency.    Deficit.    Shortcoming. 

Surprise,  v.  tr.    Fr.  surpntv- 
dre,  Lat.  super  and  prehendere. 
Stn.  Startle.    Astonish. 
Ant.  Prepare.    Premonish,    Forewarn. 

Surprise,  n.     See  verb. 

Surrender,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fr. 
surrendre,  Lat.  sub  and  reddere. 

Syn.  Yield.    Submit.    Resign. 

Ant.  Withhold.  Vindicate.  Retain. 
Resist.    Contend.    Strive. 

Surreptitious,  adj.  Lat.  sub 
and  rapere,  to  snatch. 

Stn.  Stealthy.  Furtive.  Fraudulent. 
Underhanded.    Clandestine 

AsT.  Open.  Openhauded.  Frank. 
Honest.    Ingenuous. 

Survey,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  sur- 
veoir,  snrveir,  surveer,  ^orvoirf 
Lat.  super  and  videre,  to  see. 

Syn.  Scan.  View.  Inspect.  Rev)e\r. 
Contemplate. 

Ant.  Ignore.  Miss.  Disregard.  Mi8- 
observe.     Misview.    Overlook. 

Susceptible ,  adj.  Lat.  susap' 
tibilis,  suscipere,  sub  and  capere^ 
to  receive. 

Syn.  Capable.    Impressible.    Sens5tlTe. 

/VT.  Incapable.  UnimpresdMe.  ioMO 
iiilve.    Insusceptible.    ImpaaUWe. 


376 


Si/no7iifjns  ana  Antonyms. 


SrsciTATB,  V.  tr.  Lat  snsci- 
tare. 

SvK.  Rouse.  Rxcite.  Vitalize.  Fan. 
Inflamo. 

Ant.  Soothe,  ralm.  Allay.  Repress. 
Deaden.  Mesmerize-.  Eximguisli.  Cdiii- 
pose.     Repress.     Lay. 

Suspect,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
suspicere,  sprctum. 

SvN.  Imagine.  Surmise.  Guess.  Con- 
jecture. Augur.  Doubt.  Mistrust.  Dis- 
trust. 

Ant.  Disbelieve.  Discredit.  Trust. 
Confide.    Credit.    Accredit. 

Suspend,  v.  tr.  Lat.  susjien- 
dcre. 

Stsj.  Attach.  Hang.  Rest.  Interrupt. 
Delay.    Intermit.    Stop.    Discontinue. 

Ant.  Detach.  Drop.  Remove.  Con- 
tinu:".    Expedite.    Protract    Prolong. 

Suspense,  n.    See  Suspend. 

Syn.  Protraction.  Uncertainty.  Wait- 
ing. Intermission.  Discontinuance.  Abey- 
ance. Stoppage.  IndeLermiiiatiun.  inde- 
cision. 

A!rr.  Determination.  Setllfinieni.  Exe- 
cution. Continuance.  Uninterruption. 
Revival.  Determination.  Decision.  Fi- 
nality. 

Suspicion,  v.    See  Suspect. 
Sustain,  v.  tr.    Lat.  sustinere. 
See  Support. 

Sustenance,  v.    See  Sustain. 

SiTj.  Support.  Food.  Alime:it.  Ali- 
mony. Provision.  Nourishment.  Nutri- 
ment. Nurture.  Sustentalion.  Nutrition. 
Pabulum.    Maintenance. 

Ant.  Starvation.  Inanition.  Nou-sub- 
sistence.    Innutrition.     Exhaustion. 

Sustentation,  n.  See  Suste- 
nance. 

Swallow,  v.  ti  Ang.  Sax. 
swelgan,  swilgan. 

Syn.  Absorb.  Gorge.  Engross.  Appro- 
priate. Exhaust.  Consume.  Im'^ibe.  En- 
gulf.   Brook. 

Ant.  Vomit.  l')isgorge.  Eructate.  Dis- 
charge. Economize.  Save.  Eschew.  Re- 
pudiate. 

Swarm,  n.     Aug.  Sax.  swear m. 

SvN.  Multitude.  Crowd.  Throng.  Mass. 
Press.  JV.sse.  Bevy.  Flock.  Troop. 
Drove.  Herd.  Horde.  Crew.  6an^. 
Sboai.  Army.  Host.  l!eglment.  Jnuu- 
^.atioa 


Ant.  Paucity.  Sininldiiig.  Scantling 
Rarity. 

Swat,  n.  Prov.  Eng.  suu(j, 
sw:ui/h,  swaij,  to  swing  or  incline, 
SO  to  wield  or  influence. 

Stn.  Wield.  Influence.  Rule.  Autho- 
rity. Governineiit.  Superiority.  Bias. 
Duraiiiion.  Control.  Preponderance.  Do 
mination.    Weight.    Force.    Power. 

Ant.  Weakncs.s.  Inferiority.  Subordi- 
nation. Irreslstmce.  Obedieiice.  Subser- 
vience.   Subjection. 

Sweet,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  sivete, 
allied  to  the  Lat.  swivis.  Plea- 
sant to  the  senses  or  the  mind. 

Stn.  Saccharine.  Ltiscious.  Fragrant, 
Dulcet.  Melodious.  Harmonious.  Musical. 
Beautiful.  Lovely.  Wholesome.  Fresh. 
Gentle.    Amiable. 

Ant.  Sour.  Bitter.  Uiisweet.  Fetid. 
Offensive.  Nauseous.  Olid.  Stinking.  Nasty. 
Inharmoniou.s.  Discordant.  Unlovely.  Re- 
pulsive. Unwholesome.  Putrid.  Tainted. 
Ungentle.     Unamiable. 

;      Swell,  v.  tr.  and  int.     Ang. 

I  Sax.  swell loi,  swillan. 

Sin.  Dilate.  Extend.  Expand.  In- 
crease. Augment.  I'rotuberate.  Aggra- 
vate.    Ani^plify.     Distend. 


vate. 

Ant.  Contract.  CurtaiL  Shrivel.  Di- 
minish. Lessen.  Retrench.  Reduce.  Col- 
lapse. Fold.  Narrow.  Condense.  Con- 
centrate. 

Swerve,  v.  int.  Low  Germ. 
swarven,  Dutch  zwerrcn. 

Syn.  Deviate.  Diverge.  Divaricate. 
Bend.    Incline     'IVend. 

Ant.  Continue.    Disincline. 

S\viFT,  (u/J.  Ang.  Sax.  swift, 
from  sir/Ten,  to  move  mpidly. 

I        Syn.  Rapid.    Speedy.    Headlong.    Quick. 

!  Accelerated.    Nimble.    Expeditious.     Alert. 

j  Prompt. 

i  Ant.  Slow.  Tardy.  Lingering.  Lazy. 
Loitering.    Inexpeditious.    Inactive.    Slug- 

;  g'sh.     Unready. 

i  Symmetrical,  adj.  See  Sym- 
j  metry. 

j  Symmetry,  7?.  Gr.  avuiitTpia, 
I  from  crvv,  together,  and  fxirpov,  a 
j  measure. 

Sin.  Harmony.  Proportion.  Cocformity. 
j  Interrelation.       intercoincideuce.       Agree- 
ment.   Form. 
,        .VuT.  Disharmony.     Disproportion.     Id- 
I  co:uuriuity.    Skipelussness.     l^isagreementt 


Si/nonynis  and  Antonyim 


377 


/iitertisparitj-.  Intcrrcpugnance.  Incon-; 
<lanlty.  I 

STJirATHT,  n.  Gr.  a-vpLTTddeia,  i 
from  avv,  togttJur,  and  nddos,  I 
J'eclin;/. 

Stn.  Fellow-feeling.  Congeniality.  Com-  1 
iniseratlon.  Compabsion.  Pity.  Condol-  j 
cnce.  I 

Ant.  Antipathy.  Antagonism.  Incon-  i 
geniality.  l-'itilessn'-ss.  Meicilessne.ss.  j 
(Jompassionlessness.  Unkindness.  Harsli- 
ness.     Unkindlinoss. 

Symptom,  n.     Gr.   (TvfiTTTcofjLa, 

from  (TvfXTrLTiTeiu,  to  fi-di  toiidlwr. 
Something  which  so  coincides 
with  another  as  to  be  au  uniform 
indication  of  it. 

SvN.  Concurrent.     Concomitant.     Indica- 
tion.    Mark.     Note.    Sign.    Token. 
Ant.  .Mi.sindication. 

System,  n.  Gr.  a-va-Trjfia,  from 
(TvvKrTuvcu,  to  stand  together. 

SvN.  ilc'thod.  Scheme.  Order.  Classi- 
fication.    Arrangement.     I'lan. 

Ant.  Disorder.  Derangement,  Confu- 
sion. Fortuity.  Chance.  Medley.  Hap 
hazard.  Incongruity.  Xoii-arrangement. 
Non-classificailon. 


T. 

Tabid,  adj.  Lat.  falidus,  from 
tahes,  (tny  wasting  disease. 

SvN.  Wasting.  Consumptive.  PhthislcaL 
Jlorbid.  iJecllning.  \'itiated.  Lean. 
Slirivclled. 

Ant.  Hearty.  Robust.  Sound.  ^  igorous. 
Stout. 

Tacit,  adj.  Lat.  taciius,  from 
tacere,  to  be  silent. 

SxN.  Silent.  JmplicU.  Understood. 
Implicit.     Unexpressed. 

Ant.  Open.  Avowed.  Expressed. 
Formal.    Declared. 

TACITtTRN,  adj.     See  Tacit. 

Syn.  Silent.  Reserved.  Incouversihle. 
Uncommunicative.  Close.  Mute.  Pauci- 
loquous.     Reticent. 

Ant.  Open.  Unreserved.  Conversible. 
Communicative.  Fluent.  Chatty.  'lalkative. 
Garrulous.  Chattering.  Loquacious.  Mul- 
tiloquous.  Prating.  Prattling.  Twaddling. 
Verbose.     Gabbling.    Cackling. 

Taciturnity,  n.  See  Taci- 
turn. 


Tact,  ?;.  Lat.  tacfus,  from 
tanqere,  to  touch. 

Stn.  Nicety.  Perception.  .Sensitive- 
ness. Skill.  Taste.  Discrimination. 
Judgment.    Critique. 

Ant.  Coarseness.  Insensitiveness.  Awlc 
wardness.     Indiscrimination,     indijcretion. 

Tactics,  ti.  Gr.  raKTiKT)  Tfxvrj. 
The  art  of  orderly  movement. 

SvN.  Manoeuvre.  Policy.  Diplomacy. 
Temp"rization. 

Ant.  Blunder.    Impolicy. 

Taint,  v.  tr.  Fr.  teindre,  to 
dry  or  tinge.  Used  in  an  un- 
favourable sense. 

Syn.  Imbue.  Impregnate.  Infect.  Cor- 
rupt. Stain.  Sully.  Tarnish.  Contami- 
nate. Defile.  Vitiate.  Poison.  Blot.  Dis- 
grace.    Dishonour. 

Ant.  Disinfect.  Purify.  Cleanse.  Efface. 
Signalize.    Credit. 

Take,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  tamn. 
Allied  to  the  Lat.  tangere,  root, 
tag,  to  touch. 

Stn.  Seize.  Grasp.  Assume.  Procure. 
Captivate.  Engage.  Interest.  Cbarm. 
Cheose.  Select.  Admit.  Accept.  Receive. 
Conduct.    Transfer. 

Akt.  Drop.  Reject.  Abandon.  Sur- 
render.   Lose.    Miss.    RepeL 

Talent,  ??.  Gr.  TciKavTov,  a 
certain  weight  and  denomination 
of  money.  The  ordinary  ai)pli- 
cation  of  the  term  is  taken  from 
the  Scriptm'e  parable  of  the 
talents. 

Syn.  Genius.  Ability.  ClevernfBS. 
Gift.  Endowment.  Faculty.  Parts.  Ca- 
pacity. 

Ant.  Inability.  Stupidity.  ImbeciUly. 
Incompetence. 

Talkatut!,  adj.  Prov.  Germ. 
taU-eii,  to  speak  indistinctly.  See 
Taciturn. 

Tally,  v.  inf.  Fr.  tailP,  a, 
cutting,  from  tailler,  to  cut.  The 
tally  was  a  piece  of  notched 
wood,  kept  as  a  check  upon  ac- 
counts. 

Syn.  Match.  Suit.  Acard.  Conesponil 
Fit.  Harmonize.  Agree.  Coincide.  Com- 
port. 

Ant.  Differ.  Disagree.  Dicaccori  2utf 
comport. 


378 


Stjnonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Tame,  adj.    Ausr.  Sax.  tam. 

Syn.  Pomest::ated.  Reclaiiiiod  Tamed. 
Subjugated.  Broken.  Gentle.  Mild.  Do- 
cile. Meek.  Spiritless.  Tedious.  Dull. 
Flat. 

Ant.  Undomesticated.  Unreclaimed. 
Untamed.  Unbroken.  Savage.  Wild. 
Fierce.  Spirited.  Animated.  Ferine.  lo- 
teresting.    Kxciting.    Stirring.    Lively. 

Tangible,  adj.  Lat.  tangi- 
hilis,  from  tangere,  io  touch. 

Stn.  Palpable.  Tactile.  Perceptible. 
Corporeal.    Material.    Coniprebensible. 

Akt.  Impalpable.  Intangible.  Spi- 
ritual. Incorporeal.  Immaterial.  Incom- 
prehensible. 

Tanglk,  V.  tr.  Prob.  allied  to 
Gotliic  tagl,  hair. 

Syx.  Intertwist.    Interlock.    Mat. 
Ant.   Unravel.    Disentangle.     Untwine. 

Tantalize,  v.  tr.  Tantalus, 
King  of  Phrygia,  plunged  in  water 
■with  overhanging  fruits,  yet  de- 
barred from  tasting  them. 

Stn.  Disappoint.    Frustrate.    Tease. 
Ant.  Gratily.    Sati.slj-. 

Tantamount,  adj.  Lat.  favftis, 
as  much,  and  Eng.  amount,  from 
the  Fr.  nionter,  amonter. 

Syn.  Equal.  Equivalent.  Equipollent. 
Synonymous. 

Ant.  Unequal.    Unequivalent. 

Taedy,  adj.     Lat.  tardus,  slow. 

Stn.  Slow.  Sluggish.  Dilatory.  Re- 
luctant.   Loitering.    Late. ' 

Ant.  Quick.  Rapid.  Alert.  Active. 
Prompt.    AVilling.    Eager.    Early. 

Tarnish,  v.  tr.  Ternir,  from 
tcrne,  dull,  wan.     See  Taint. 

Tarry,  v.  int.  Old  Eng.  tar- 
gen,  as  if  connected  with  the  Lat. 
tardus. 

Sra.  Rest.  Abide.  Halt.  Sojourn. 
Delay.    Stop.    Stay.     Loiter.    Linger. 

Ant.  Press.  Push.  Speed.  Haste. 
Proceed. 

Tart,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  tcaran, 
to  tear  or  cut. 

Stn.  Sharp.  Acid.  Sour.  Acidulous. 
Keen.  Pungent  Acerbons.  Acrimonious. 
Biting.    Bitter.    Harsh,    liude.    Irascible. 

Akt.  Mellow.  Sweet.  Luscious.  Mild. 
Genial.  Suave.  Kindly.  Unctuous.  Oily. 
Smooth,  bland.  Ulandi'loquent.  Courteous.  I 
De&renti*!.    I'olito.    Ceremonious.  J 


Task,  w.  Ol^Yv.tasque.  Conn. 
with  the  Lat.  taxure,  to  rate,  ap- 
praise,  estimate. 

Syn.  Work.  Function.  Operation. 
Business.  Undertaking.  Drudgery.  Toil 
Lesson. 

Ant.  Relaxation,  T<.isu,o.  Amusement 
Hobby. 

Taste,  n.  Old  Fr.  taster.  It. 
tastare,  as  if  from  taxi  tare,  m 
Lat.,  and  that  from  taxare,  to 
touch  Ughthj,  estimate,  as  the  fre- 
quentative of  tangere,  to  touch. 
It  is  applied  physically  and  me- 
taphorically, or  analogously. 

Stn.  Gustation.  Savour.  Flavour. 
Sapidity.  Relish.  Perception.  Judgment 
Discernment  Nicety.  Critique.  Delicacy. 
Elegancy.    Refinement. 

Ant.  Non-gustation.  lU-savour.  In- 
sipidity. Disrelish.  Non-perception.  In- 
discrimination. Indiscernment.  Coarseness. 
Indelicacy.    Inelegancy. 

Tasteful,  adj.    See  Taste. 

Stn.  Sapid.  Relishing.  Savoury.  Tooth- 
some.    Palatable.     Elegant.    Refined. 

.•\NT.  insipid.  Unrelishing.  Unsavoury. 
Unpalatable.  Nauseous.  Inelegant.  Taste- 
less.   Unrefined.    Vapid. 

Taunt,  v.  tr.    Conn,  with  the 
Fr.  tancer,  to  rehuJce,  scold. 
Stn.  Reproach.    Upbraid.    Rebuke. 
Ant.  Compliment.    Congratulate. 

Tawdry,  adj.  A  corruption 
of  Saint  Audrey,  or  Saint  Ethel- 
reda,  at  whose  fair,  in  the  Isle  ot 
Ely— itself  an  abbrev.  of  Ethel- 
reda — showy  finery  was  sold, 

SvN.  Showy.  Flashy.  Tinsel.  Mere- 
tricious. 

Ant.  Chaste.  Rich.  Elegant  Hand- 
some.   Sumptuous. 

Teach,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax. 
tcecan,  to  shoiu,  teach.  Allied  to 
the  Gr.  dfiKviivai,  the  Lat.  docere, 
and  the  Eng.  tolru,  a  der.  of  the 
Sax.  facan.  It  governs,  as  a  verb, 
both  the  subject  antl  tlic  person. 

Stn.  Impart.  Tell.  Direct.  Instruct 
Inform.  Counsel.  Admonish.  Indoctrinate, 
Tiain. 

Ant.  "VVithho'd.  Misteach.  MiBdiract. 
Misiiistruct.     Mbinforni.     MLsguide.    Miy 


iSynonyins  and  Antonyms. 


379 


Tbak,  v.  int.    Ang.  Sax.  Uran.  | 

Stn.  Kend,    Lacerate. 

Ant.  Mend.     Unite. 

Tkase,  V.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  iamn,  \ 
to  pluck,  tease. 

Stn.  Vex.  Harass.  Annoy,  ■pistiirb. 
Irritate.  Plague.  Torment.  TauuUize. 
I'l-ovoke.    Worry. 

AifT.  Soothe.  Gratify.  Please.  Delight. 
Fascinate.    Enrapture. 

Tedious,  adj.  Lat.  tcedium, 
iveariness. 

Stn.  ■Wearisome.  Tiresome.  Irksome. 
Dull.    Flat.    Proli.x. 

AST.  Interesting.  Exciting.  Stirring. 
Charming.  Fascinating.  Deliglitful.  Amus- 
ing. 

TEKMrNG,a(?y.  Ang.  Sax.  tyman, 
ienmn,  tvamean,  to  bring  forth. 

Stn.  Pregnant.  I>rolific.  Ovei-fiowing. 
abundant.  Swarming.  Multitudinous. 
I^umerous. 

Ant.  Barren.  Scanty.  Wanting.  Eare. 
Sparse.    Few. 

Tkll,  V.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  telian, 
tellan. 

Stw.  Mention.  Number.  Enumerate. 
Count.  Recount.  Utter.  Recite.  Narrate. 
Disclose.  Publish.  Betray.  Divulge.  Pro- 
mulgate. Acquaint.  Teach.  Inform.  Com- 
municate. Report.  Rehearse.  Discern. 
Judge.  Discriminate.  Ascertain.  Decide. 
Describe. 

Ant.  Repress.  Suppress.  Misreoount. 
Misnarrate.  Miscommunicate.  Misdeclare. 
Misrecite.    ^lisjudge.    Misdescribe. 

Telling,  adj.    See  Tell. 

Stx.  Effective.    Powerful.    Pointed. 
Ant.  Weak.    Ineffective.    Pointless. 

Temerity,  n.    Lat.  temeritas. 

Stn.  Rashness.  Audacity.  Precipit- 
ancy.    Overventuresomeness. 

Ant.  Timidity.  Caution.  Circumspec- 
tion.   Wariness.    Calculation. 

Temperate,  adj.  Lat.  tem- 
peratus,  tevij^erarc,  to  ttmper, 
moderate. 

Stn.  Moderate.  Abstemious.  Sober. 
Calm.    Cool.    Sedate.    Mild.     Genial. 

.Vnt.  Immoderate.  Self-indulgent.  In- 
temperate.   Torrid.    Frigid.    Rigurou.s. 

Temporal,  adj.  Lat.  tempus. 
In  the  sense  of  the  present  time 
or  age. 

Stn.  Secular.  Worldly.  Civil.  Politi- 
cal   Transient.    Fleeting.    Laical. 


Ant.  Religious.    Spirited.!.    Fcclesiaati- 
cal.    Eternal.    Sacerdotal. 

See   Tern-- 


Temporary,  adj. 
poral. 

Stn.  Present.  Immediate.  Partial, 
Limited.    Transient.    Impermanent. 

Ant.  Perpetual.  Lasting.  Confirmed, 
Complete.      Final.      Perfect.      Permanent. 

Entire. 

Temporize,  v.  inf.  See  Tem- 
poral. To  act  according  to  the 
policy  of  the  moment,  or  to  gain 
time, 

Stn.  Play.  Fence.  Jlanceuvre.  Pro- 
crastinate. 

Ant.  Act.  Decide.  Determine.  Con- 
clude. 

Tempt,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  tempter, 
Lat.  tenture.  Of  old  used  in  the 
senses  now  obsolete,  of,  firstly, 
to  attempt,  and  secondly,  to  put 
to  the  test. 

S\-N.  Entice.    Allure.    Try.    Decoy. 
Ant.  Dissuade.    Deter.    Warn. 

Tenable,  adj.  Lat.  tenere,  to 
liold.  Said  of  action,  views,  or 
statements  which  may  be  enter- 
tained as  founded  on  truth  or 
justice. 

Sin.  JIaintainablo.  Defensible.  Justifi- 
able.   Sound.     Reasonable.    Consistent. 

Ant.  Untenable.  indefensible.  Un- 
jnsiitiable.  Weak.  IIullow.  Fallacious. 
Unseasonable.  Inconsistent.  Irrational. 
Absurd. 

Tenacious,  adj.     Lat.  tenuxy 

from  teJtere,  to  hdd. 

Stn.  Retentive.  Adhesive.  ObstimatCi 
Stubborn.    Jealous.    Chary. 

Ant.  Irrttentive.  Inadhesive.  Pliant, 
Intenacious.  Yielding.  Liberal.  Prodigal 
Bountiful. 

Tend,  v.  int.     See  Tendency. 

Tend,  i-.  tr.  Lat.  tendere.  The 
primary  meaning  of  tendere  or  to 
tend  was  to  stretch,  both  in  an 
I  ad.  and  7teiit.  sense ;  thence  to 
j  stretch  or  incline  the  mind ; 
hence  to  take  care  of. 

Stn.  Nurture.   Guard.   Watch. 
!  -Serve.     Keep.     Aid. 
I        Ant.  Betray.    Desert.    Abandon. 


380 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


TKIfDKXcr;  .-(.  Lat.  tendere,  to 
tenrf. 

Svx.  IncUnatir.n.  Vergency.  Proneness. 
Proclivity.  Ijias.  Gravitc.tion.  Drift. 
Scope.  Aim.  Disposition.  Attraction. 
ConiUiciveness.    Course. 

.\NT.  Disinclination.  Aversion.  I?e- 
polsion.  Contravention.  Deviation  Di- 
veT-'enc3  Tangency.  Divarication.  Op- 
position, 'tenitency.  Reluctance.  Pre- 
vention.   Xcufc'alization.    Terminaticn. 

Texder,  V.  t)\  Fr.  tendere,  to 
stretch,  Lat.  tendere. 

.Syn.  Offer.    Proffer.    Produce.    Present. 

AxT.  Withhold.  Withdraw.  Retain. 
Approfiriate. 

Tender,  adj.  Lat.  tener,  Fr. 
tendre. 

Sts.  Delicate.  Fiail.  Impressible.  Sus- 
ceptible. Yielding.  Soft.  Kffeminate. 
Weak.  Feeble.  Compassionate.  Affectionate. 
C^ireful.  Jealous.  Gentle.  Mild.  Pitiful. 
Merciful.    Pathetic. 

Ant.  Strong.  Sturdy.  Hardy,  llnhiist. 
Tougli.  Iron.  Pitiless.  Unmerciful.  Ciuel. 
Hard-hearted.  Careless.  Liljeral.  Lavish. 
Unchary.  Ungentle.  Rough.  Rude.  Coar?^. 
Unsentimental.  Uiimoving.  Unfeeling. 
Unimpressive.  Unimpressed.  Unimpas- 
sioned. 

Tenet,  n.  Lat.  tmef,  he  holds, 
tencre,  to  hold. 

Svx.  Dogma.  Article.  Doctruie.  Opinion. 
Belief.     Persuasion. 

Ant.  Disbelief.  Renunciation.  Protest. 
Abjuration. 

Tenob,  n.  Lat.  tenor,  from 
tenere,  to  hold.  A  holding  on  of 
a  course. 

Six.  Drift.  Purport.  Intent.  Effect. 
Aim.    Scope.    Direction. 

AxT.  Unmeanineness.  Purposeles.<!ne=s. 
Irrelevance.  Discursiveness.  Incoherence. 
Vari.xnce.    Divergeuce. 

Tension,  ?;.  Lat.  tejisio,  ten- 
dere, to  stretch. 

Six.  Stretch.  Strain.  Intentncss.  Stiff- 
ness.   Force.    'I'one.    Kffort. 

-AXT.  Looseness.  Relaxation.  Laxity. 
Ato'iy.    Slackness. 

Tentative,  adj.  Lat.  ten  fa- 
tiuns,  from  ti-nfure,  to  trij.  Es- 
lierimcntal,  in  tlie  sense  of  being 
occasionally,  but  not  xmiformly 
successful  in  the  effort. 


SrtJ.  Experimenttl.  Empirical  ^)ec& 
lative. 

AxT.  Uniform.  Certain.  Sure.  NeOM- 
sary.    Unfailing. 

Terminal,  adj.    Lat.  termina- 
lis,  terrnen,  and  terminus. 
Syx.  Final.     Ultimate.    Marginal. 
AxT.  Central.    Primal.    Preconcluslve. 

Termination,  n.  >See  Termi- 
nal. 

Snf.  Ending.  Conclusion.  Limit.  Ex- 
tent. Bound.  End.  Finality.  Effect 
Coasequence.    Ri'sult.    Issue.    Exit. 

AxT.  Beginning.  Inception.  Initiation. 
Inchoation.  Start.  Origin.  Rise.  Source. 
Commencement.  Cause.  Operation.  Pro- 
cess.   Course.    Tendency. 

Terrestrial,  adj.  Lat.  ter- 
restris,  hloiKjiuy  to  the  earth,  from, 
terra,  the  earth. 

Syn.  Earthly.    Sublunary.    Terrene. 

AxT.  Celestial.  Infernal.  Aquatic. 
Aqueous. 

Terrible,  adj.  Lat.  terrihilis, 
from  terrere,  to  frighten. 

Syx.  Awful.  Fcjrful.  Dreadful.  For- 
mida!)le.  Terrific.  Frightful.  Horrible. 
Shocking. 

AsT.  Informidable.  Unastounding.  Un- 
startling.    Unastonishing. 

Terrific,  culj.  Lat.  terrere,  to 
frighten,  and/«cere,  to  make.  Sec 
Terrible. 

Terror,  7i.  Lat.  terror,  from 
terrere,  to  frighten. 

Syx.  Fear.  Dread.  Alarm.  Fright. 
Consternation.     Horror.    Dismay. 

Ant.  Confidence.  Fearlessness.  Bold- 
ness.   Reassurance. 

Terse,  adj.  Lat.  part,  of  ter' 
gerc,  to  rub  m-  ivipe,  and  so  having 
a  smooth  or  polished  appearance. 
AppUed  to  style. 

Sys.  Neat.  Smooth.  Compact.  Con- 
cise.   Succinct. 

Ant.  Coarse.  Rough.  Rude.  Unpo- 
lished. Inconcise.  Insuccinct.  Prolix. 
Diffuse. 

Test,  n.  Lat.  testum,  from 
testa,  an  earthen  pot.  Applied 
jtriraarily  to  tlie  cupel,  a  vessel 
for  refining  ]irecious  metals; 
thence  extcudt.d  to  criteria  ge- 
nerally. 


Si/)ionyiiis  and  A)itonijms. 


381 


3th.  Cupel.  Trial.  Kxamination.  Tioof.  ] 
Siterion.    Stand  ird.     E.xperiment. 

AST.  Jli!iin(iii.:ation.  Mi^j^ulgment.  Jlis- 
l>roof. 

Testify,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat. 
testis,  u  xvitness,  and  facere,  to 
make. 

Sth.  Depose.  Swear.  Declare.  AVit- 
Bess.  Protest.  Affirai.  Verify.  Asse- 
verate. 

Ant.  Misdeclare.  Misafflrm.  Misde- 
pose.    Misiestify.    Falsify. 

Testimony.  Lat.  testimonium, 
testis,  a  v:itness. 

Stn.  AVitness.  Evidence.  Corrolxira- 
lion.     Confirmation.    Proof. 

Ant.  UefutatiDn.  Contradicti.'n.  Dis- 
proof. Confutation.  Contravention.  In- 
validation. 

Thankful,  (kJ/.  Ang.  Sax. 
fJifinc,  tlioiic,  and  full. 

Stn.  Grateful.    Obliged. 
Ant.     Ungrateful.       Tbanliless.       Uu- 
tlianktul. 

Thankless,  adj.  See  Thank- 
ful. Used  also  in  the  sense  of 
that  for  which  no  thanks  are  re- 
turned. 

Syn.  Ungracious.  Unprofitable.  Pro- 
fitless.    Unreciprocal. 

Ant.  Profitable.    PiCciprocated. 

Theatrical,  flc?/.  Gr.  Bearpov, 
from  Bfuadai,  to  vii  tr.  Belonging 
to  the  theatre,  but  commonly 
used  in  the  sense  of  fictitious 
manner  or  spurious  decoration. 

Stn.  Dramatic.  Scenic.  Melodramatic. 
Showy.  Ceremonious.  Gesliculatory.  Mere- 
tricious.   Tinsel. 

Ant.  Cliaste.  Genuine.  Simple.  Un- 
affected. Quiet.  Subdued.  Mannerless. 
Plain. 

Theoretical,  odj.  Partaking 
of  the  nature  of  theory.  Gr. 
Oeapia,  in  the  sense  of  specula- 
tion. 

Stn.  Speculative.  Hypothetical.  Pre- 
Bimiptive. 

Ant.  Practical.    Positive.    Definite. 

Thick,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  tldcce. 
Used  in  many  analogous  senses. 

SrN.  Dense.  Condensed.  Inspissated. 
Close.  Compact.  Turbid.  Luteous.  Misiy. 
Voggy.     A'aporous.     Crowded.     Xumeruus. 


.Solid.  Bulky.  Deep.  Confused.  (iiarU< 
culale. 

Ant.    Rare.       Fine.       Tliin.  Sparse. 

Strained.       Pure.       Percolated.  Limpid. 

Crystalline.  Scanty.  Incompact.  SliKht. 
Shallow.  Laminated.  Clear.  Articulate. 
Distinct. 

Thicken,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Thick. 

Syn.  Condense.  Inspissate.  Compact. 
Solidify.  Befoul.  Obscure.  Bcmire.  Be- 
cloud. Increase.  Coagulate.  Amalgamate. 
Commingle.  Jntermi.x.  Crowd.  Multiply. 
Enlarge.  Expand.  Extend.  Broaden. 
Deepen.    Obstruct.    Confuse. 

Ant.  Rarity.  Dissipate.  Refine.  At- 
tenuate. Clear.  Purify.  Strain.  Percolate. 
Clarify.  Defecate.  Depurate.  Brighten. 
Lighten.  Open.  Filtrate.  Diminish.  Se- 
parate. Reduce.  Narrow.  Contract.  Li- 
lii^rate.  Free.  Extricate.  Unravel.  Loosen. 
Disentangle. 

Thin,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  tJiyime, 
thjn,  thin.     See  Thick. 

Thought,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  theaht, 
thoht,  yethoht,  irom.  tiiencsan,  then- 
can,  to  think. 

Stn.  Reflection.  Medit.ition.  Concep. 
tion.  Idea.  Opinion.  Judgment.  Conceit. 
Fancy.  Design.  Purpose.  Inteniion.  Co- 
gitation.     Deliberation.    Care.     Provision. 

Ant.  Vacuity.  Incogiialion.  Thought- 
lessness. Dream.  Hallucination.  Aberra- 
tion. Misconception.  Incogitancy.  Care- 
lessness.   Improvidence.    Unreflectiveness. 

Thoughtful,  adj.  See  Thought. 

Syn.  Careful.  Provident.  Contempla- 
tive. Ccivriderate.  Regardful.  MindfuU 
Heedful.    Diligent. 

Ant.  Careless.  Improvident.  Unthink- 
ing. Thoughtless.  Incontemplatlve.  Mind- 
less. Inrousiderute.  Regardless.  Heed- 
less.   Rash.    Trifling.    Wanton.    Idle. 

Thoughtless,     adj.  See 

Thoughtful. 

Thraldom,  n.  The  condition 
of  a  thrall,  Ang.  Sax.  for  slavn  or 
serf. 

Stn.  Servitude.  Captivity.  Bondaga 
Confinement.    Serfdom. 

Ant.  Liberty.  P'rcedom.  Unrestraint. 
Liberation,    independence. 

Thread,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  thrced. 
Used  metaphorically. 

Syn.  Line.  Course.  Tenor.  CcTitt* 
nuJty. 


882 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Akt  Deviation.  Divergonce.  Aberration 
Solution.    Intermission.    Interruption. 

THitEAT,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  thred- 
tian,  to  UTf/e,  threaten. 

Stk.  Menace.    Intimidation. 

Aht.  Encouragement.  Allurement.  En- 
ticement.   Promise. 

Threatening,  adj.  See  Threat. 

Sra.  Menacing.  Intimidating.  Mina- 
tory. Cumminatory.  Jlinacious.  Unpro- 
mising.    Imminent.    Impending. 

^Vkt.  Encouraging.  Itemising.  Reas- 
suring. Enticing.  Passed.  Overpast. 
Withdrawn. 

Thkift,  ??.  From  Thrive, 
which  see. 

Sts.  Frugality.  Economy.  Saving. 
Gain.     Profit. 

A>T.  Piodigality.  Waste.  Loss.  E.\- 
penditure. 

Thrifty,  adj.    See  Thrift. 

Thrive,  v.  int.  Icel.  th-ifa, 
to  care. 

Stn.  Prosper.  Increase.  Flourish.  Grow. 
Succeed.    Fatten.    Luxuriate. 

Ant.  Decay.  Fade.  Wane.  Wither. 
Decline.  Waste.  Languish.  Diminish. 
Droop.    Pine. 

Throw,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  thrd- 
wan,  to  turn,  twist,  throw. 

Svy.  Fling.  Oist.  HurL  Project. 
Propel. 

jVst.  Retain.  Recal.  Revoke.  Hold. 
Restrain.    Draw.    Haul. 

Thrust,  v.  tr.  Old  Ei^.  thriste, 
threste. 

Sin.  Push.  Drive.  Force.  Impel. 
Urge. 

Ant.  Draw.  Retract.  Snatch.  Vv- 
tract. 

Tickle,  v.  tr.  Dim.  of  tick,  to 
heat,  as  the  ticking  of  a  clock, 
Dutch  tikken,  to  touch. 

Stn.  Titillate.    Please.    GratiTy.  Amuse. 

Ant.  Irritate.    Hurt.    Annoy.    Vex. 

Tide,  w.  In  the  sense  of  the 
ebb  and  flow  of  the  sea,  or  a 
course  of  water  derived  thence, 
tide  is  the  same  word  as  tide, 
meaning  time,  as  eventide,  from 
the  Ang.  Sax.  ttd,  for  tihadt,  time. 

Syx.    Flow.     Course.    Current. 
Bosh.    Inundation.    Influx, 


Akt.  Stagnation.  Arrestation.  Stopi 
page.  Cessation.  Motionlessuew.  Subsi. 
dence. 

Tidings,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  tidian, 
to  hajipen,  hetide. 

Stn.  Newi.  Announcement  Report 
Intelligence.    Advice. 

Ant.  Suppression.  Non-announcement. 
Misreport.    Misinformation. 

Tidy,  adj.  In  its  primary 
sense,  seasonable  and  then  or- 
derly. 

SrK.  Neat.    Orderly.    Spruce.    Tight. 
Ant.  Disorderly.     Untidy.    Slovenly. 

TiaRT,  adj.  OldEng.  Strictly 
the  part,  of  to  tie,  and  so  bound. 

Stn.  Firm.  Compact.  Fast.  Close. 
Tidy.  Neat.  Smart.  Natty.  Stretched. 
Tense. 

Ant.  Loose.  Incompact.  Open.  Flow. 
ing.  Loose-fitting.  Large.  Untidy.  Lax. 
Relaxed. 

Till,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  tiliati, 
teolian.     Conn,  with  toil. 

Syn.  Plow.  Prepare.  Cultivate.  Dress. 
Tend. 


Time,  n.  Fi".  temps,  Lat.  tem- 
pits,  Ang.  Sax.  titna. 

Stn.  Period.  Duration.  Season.  Op. 
portunity.  Age.  Era.  Occasion.  Term. 
Space.    Span.    SpeU. 

Ant.  Neverness.  Eternity.  Non-dura. 
tion.  Indetermination.  Indeterminable. 
ness. 

Timely,  adj.    See  Time. 


Ant.  I.ate.  Unseasonable.  Inopportcne. 
Injudicious.    Ill-timed.     Untimely. 

Timeserving,  adj. 

Stn.  Temporizing.  Versatile.  Servile. 
Trimming. 

Ant.  Independent.  High-splritedL  Un. 
timeserving. 

TmiD,  adj.  Lat.  timidus,  ti- 
mcre,  to  fear. 

Stn.  Fearful.  Pusillanimous.  Timo- 
rous. Afraid.  Cowardly.  Faint-hearted. 
Inad  venturous. 

Ant.  Bold.  Confident.  Venturesome. 
Courageous.  Overventuresome.  Hash 
Audacious. 

Tinge,  v.  tr.    Fr.  teindre,  Lat 


Si/nonyms  and  Antonyms. 


383 


Stk.  Colour.  Dye.  Stain.  Imbue.  Im- 
pregnate.    Alfect. 

Ax-r.  Disimbue.  Disinfect.  Dlsindoc- 
trinate. 

TiNSKL,  n.  Fr.  elincrlle,  Lat. 
scudllla,  ■  a  sjKtrk.  Anything 
showy  or  spangling  without  in- 
trinsic value. 

SvN.  Tawdriness.  Spangle.  Frippery, 
Gutter. 

Akt.  Costliness.  Richness.  Cbasteness. 
Gorgeousness.  Sumptuousness.  Jlagnifi- 
cence.    Splendour. 

Tint,  n.  Fr.  teintc,  Lat.  finc- 
ttis,  from  tingere,  to  dye.  Com- 
monly used  of  paler  colour's. 

Syk.  Colour.  Hue.  Tinge.  Dye.  Com- 
plexion. 

Akt.  Achromatism.  Decoloration. 
Paleness.  Pallor.  Bleaching.  Etiolation. 
Colourlessness.  Sallowness.  Wanness.  Ca- 
daverousucss.    Exsanguineousness. 

Tiny,  adj.  Prob.  a  dim.  of 
thin. 

Syn.  Puny.  Wee.  Little.  Diminutive. 
Lilliputian.     Microscopic. 

Ant.  Huge.  Bulky.  Gigantic.  Cyclo- 
pean.   Sizable.    Considerable. 

Tike,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  terian, 
tirian,  to  vex. 

Stn.  Exhaust.  Weary.  Fatigue.  Jade. 
Harass.    Bore. 

Ant.  Enliven.  Animate.  r.efresh. 
Amuse.    Excite. 

Tired,  adj.    See  Tire. 
TiEESOME,  adj.     See  Tire. 
Title,  n.    Lat.  titulus. 

Syn.  Inscription.  Heading.  Designa- 
tion. Appellation.  Dislinction.  Address. 
Epithet.     Name. 

Ant.  NoM-designation.  Indistinction. 
Nondescript.  Nanielessncss.  Indenomina- 
tion. 

Together,  adv.  Ang.  Sax. 
gador,  at  once. 

Syn.  Unitedly.  Con)ointly.  Contempo- 
raneously. Concertedly.  Simultaneously. 
Coincidently.  Concomitantly.  Concur- 
rently. 

Ant.  Separately.  Disconnectedly.  In- 
dependently. Variously.  Incoincidently.  in- 
(x>ncurrently. 

Toil.    Old  Dutch  tayl. 

Stn.  Labour  Pain.  Fatiguf.  Drudgery. 
Biirtion.    Task.    Travail. 


Ant.  Ease.  Rela.\alioD.  Rest.  Re- 
creation.   Amusement.    Pieasute. 

Token,  v.  Ang.  Sax.  tdcenian, 
idcnian.  Conn,  with  toucan,  to 
shoiv,  teacJi. 

Syn.  Sign.  Evidence.  Exhibition.  De- 
monstration. Sample.  Illustration.  Me- 
morial. 

Ant.  Misindicition.  Misrepresetitation. 
Falsification.    Mlsillustration. 

ToLKH.*BliK,  adj.  ToJerahiUs, 
toJerare,  to  endure.  That  may  be 
endured  or  suffered  to  pass  as 
sufficient. 

Syn.  Endurable.  Bearable.  Support- 
able. Sutferable.  Allowable,  Permissible. 
SufiBcient.    Passable. 

Akt.  Unendurable.  Unbearable.  In- 
supportable. Insufferable.  Unallowable. 
Impermissible,    insufficiunt.     Intolerable. 

Tolerant,  adj.     /S'ee  Tolerable. 

Syn.  Forbearing.'  Indulgent.  Large- 
minded. 

Ant.  Intolerant.    Bigoted.    Extreme. 

Tolerate,  v.  tr.  See  Toler- 
able. 

Syn.  Suffer.    Allow.    Permit.    Endure. 
Ant.    Repel.    Disallow.    Prohibit.     Re- 
pudiate.   Reject.    Resist. 

Tone,  n.  Lat.  tonus,  Gr.  tovus, 
a  stretching,  as  of  a  string  or  the 
voice.  Used  also  for  state  or  con- 
dition of  mind. 

Syn.  Pitch.  Loudness.  Mood.  Temper. 
Tenor.    Character.     Drift.    Effect. 

Ant.  Atony.    Laxity.    Tunelessness. 

Top,  n.    Ang.  Sax.  top. 

Syn.  Apex.  Head.  Culmination.  Ex- 
treme.   Summit. 

Ant.  Foot.  Bottom.  Root  Base. 
Tail. 

Torment,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  tor- 
ment, Lat.  tormentum,  from  to7-- 
quere,  to  twist.  It  comjn'ises 
almost  every  degree  of  inflicted 
pain  from  teasing  to  torture. 

Syn.  Tease.  \Vorry.  Persecute.  Pain. 
Distress.  AfBict.  Torture.  Harass.  Im- 
portune. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Gratify.  Please.  Enter- 
Uin.    Delight.    Amuse. 

ToBPiD,  adj.  Lat.  torjndtia, 
from  torjiere,  to  be  numb  or  stiff. 


384 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


SvN.  riunib.  lifeless.  Senseless,  null. 
Sluggish.  Inac'.Te.  Hybcmating.  Instn- 
•ible.    Inert, 

AxT.  Lively.  Animated.  Gay.  Brisk. 
.Mmble.  Active.  Restless.  Energetic. 
Vivacious.    Sensitive.    Alive. 

ToRBID,  adj.  torridus,  torrere, 
to  be  hot. 

Svx.  Hot.  Burning.  Arid.  Parching. 
Scorching.    Sultry. 

Ant.  Temperate.  Fresh.  Cool.  Breezy. 
Geliil.     Frigid.    Arctic.     Brvrmal.    AVintry. 

Tortuous,  <mIj.  Tortuoms, 
from  tortus,  part,  of  torquere,  to 
tiuisf. 

Srx.  Devious.  Circuitous.  Anfracfaoiis. 
Aujbiguous.  Complicated.  Sinuous.  Sinis- 
ter,   infiixod. 

Ant.  Tiight.  Straight.  Direct  Recti- 
linear.   Straisl.lforward.    Undeviating. 

Torture,  v.  See  Tortuous. 
Pain  of  an  extreme  degree. 

•Stn.  Agony.  Angui^h.  Racking.  Tor- 
ment. 

AST.    Ecstasy.    Rapture.    Bliss. 

Total,  n.    Lat.  totns,  ivholc. 

Six.  A.L'grpgatc.  Whole.  Entirety. 
Sum.    Completion. 

AST.  Pait  Item.  Portion.  Contribu- 
tion. 

Tottering,  adj.  Strictiy  part. 
of  the  verb  to  totter.  Allied  to 
the  Prov.  Germ,  taftern,  dottern, 
and  Eug.  titter.  Having  for  the 
root  idea  a  vibratory  motion. 

Stx.  Nodding.  Faltering.  ShnSy.  Va- 
cillating.    Keeling.     Kuinous. 

A.NT.  Firm.  Unfaltering.  Steady.  Solid. 
Immovable. 

Tough,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  tuh, 
from  tdh,  titli. 

Stn.  Resistent.  Stnl.born.  Lentous. 
Fibrous.  Difficult.  Refractory.  Hard. 
Unmanageable. 

Ant.  Yielding  Tender.  Scft.  Brittle. 
Fragile.    Frangible.    Friabk 

Toy,  n.  Dutch  looi.  Tire, 
attire,  ornament. 

S^N.  Bauble.    Trifle.    Bagatelle. 
^Vnt.  Implement.     Utensil.     Weapon. 

In  old  writers  this  word  had 
additional  meanings,  as  conceits 
or  fancies,  silly  tales,  and  sports. 

Tback,  v.  tr.     Fr.  tracer,  from 


'  the  Lat.  trahere.  Prob.  through 
I  some  such  Low  Lat.  word  as 
1  tractiare. 

Si-s.  E.\plore.    Track.    Follow.    Thread, 
I  Investigate,    lielineate.    Pursue. 
1        Ant.  Miss.    Lose.   Misinvestigate.    Mia- 
I  delineate. 

Trace,  n.     See  verb. 

Track,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  trac, 
track  of  horses  or  other  animals. 
See  Trace. 

Trackless,  adj.    See  Track. 

Six.  Untrodden.  IJnfrequented.  Path- 
less.    Wild. 

Axt.  Frequented.  Trodden.  Well, 
marked. 

Tractable,  adj.  TractaUlis 
tractare,  to  treat  or  manage. 

Six.  Docile.    Manageable.    .\menal)ie. 

Ant.  Unmanageable.  Unamenable.  Re- 
fractory.   Intractable. 

Traditional,  adj.  Traditio, 
tradere,  to  hand  down.  Com- 
monly applied  to  oral  transmis- 
sion. 

Si-x.  Transmitted.    Oral.    Unwritten. 
Axt.  AVritien.    Documentary. 

Traduce,  v.  fr.  Traducere.  In 
the  sense  of  to  show  or  exhibit  in 
public,  in  which  sense  traduce 
was  at  one  time  employed,  till 

i  usage  restricted  it  to  such  exhi- 
bition as  had  a  calumnious  pur- 

I  pose. 

Stx.  Gilumniate.  Vilify.  Defame. 
Slander.     Deciy. 

Axt.  Praise.    Commend.    Eulogize. 

Tragedy,   n.     Gr.    rpaya>8la. 

I  Tfidyos,  a  goat,  and  (odrj,  a  song. 
Prob.  because  at  the  earliest 
poetic  comi">etitions  a  goat  was 
sacrificed,  or  it  may  have  lx?en 
given  as  a  prize  to  the  ■vsinner. 
It  gradually  assiuned  more  and 
more  the  meaning  of  a  disastrc:is 
plot,  and,  in  common  parlance,  as 

I  follows:  — 

I       Srx.    Disaster.      Calamity.      AS'ctloa 
j  Adversity.    Catastrophe-     Grief. 
j       AxT.  Joy.    Delight      icon.    Prosperity 
I  Comedy. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms, 


385 


Traoio,  aJJ.    Ste  Tragedy. 

I'bain,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  trahiner, 
trainer,  from  the  Low  Lat.  tra- 
hina,  from  tiuhere,  to  draw,  a 
drag  or  sledge.. 

Stn.  Lead.  Rear.  Accustom.  Habituate. 
Inure.  Drill.  Exercise.  Practise.  Bend. 
Mucate. 

Aot.  Force.  Break.  Trail.  Dis- 
accustom, Dishabituate.  Miseducate.  Dis- 
qualify. 

Trammkl,  n.  Commonly  used 
in  the  plural.  Tres  macula;,  three 
spots  or  discs,  tremaclum,  a  sort  of 
net.  Used  for  restraint  gene- 
rally. 

Syn.  Restraint.  Shacliles.  Fetters.  Clog. 
Hindrance. 

Am.  Liberation.  Freedom.  Extrica- 
tion.   Uncontiuement.     Unrestraint.    Play. 

Tranquil,  adj.  Fr.  tranquille, 
Lat.  tranquillus. 

Stn.  Quiet.  Peaceful.  Calm.  Undis- 
turbed. Unruffled.  Composed.  Unanxious. 
Smooth. 

Ant.  Unquiet.  Agitated.  Disturbed. 
Anxious.    Excited.    Restless.    Uneasy. 

Transact,  v.  tr.  Lat.  transi- 
f/ere,  actus,  from  trans  and  ago, 
to  carry  onivards. 

SrN.  Conduct.  Perform.  Treat  Managj. 
Negotiate. 

Ant.  Mistransact  Misconduct.  Mis- 
manage.   Misnegotiate. 

Transaction,  n.  See  Trans- 
act. 

SvN.  Business.  Affair.  Proceeding. 
Action. 

Ant.  Non-performance.  Desistance. 
Mistransaclion.  Mismanagement.  Sus- 
pension. Postponement.  Adjournment. 
Non-transaction. 

Transcend,  v.  tr.  Lat,  trans- 
cettdere,  from  trans  and  scandere, 
to  climb  beyond. 

Stn.  Surmount.  Surpass.  Out-top. 
Outstrip.  Excel.  Exceed.  Eclipse.  Out- 
vie. 

Ant.  Fail.    Fall.    FuiL 

Transcendent,  adj.  See 
Transcend.  Of  surpassing  ex- 
cellence. 

Sm.  Consummate.  Egregious.  Insur- 
pusable.    Unattainable.    iSarp&ssing. 


Ant.  Ordinary.  Attainable.  Average. 
Common.    Unsuiprising. 

Transfer,  v.  tr.  Lat.  trans' 
ferre,  lat  us,  to  carry  over. 

Sth.  Convey.  Transport.  Remove.  Sell, 
Give.  Alienate.  Translate.  Transmit, 
Forward.    E.Ncbange. 

Ant.  Retain.  Withhold.  Fix.  Appro- 
priate.   Keep. 

Transfigure,  v.  tr.  Trans 
and  figura,  a  figure.  See  Trans- 
form. 

TBAirsrORM,  v.  tr.  Lat.  trans- 
formare,  trans  and  forma.  To 
change  into  another  shape,  or 
alter  the  shape. 

Syn.  Transfigure.  Metamorphose. 
Change.    Transmute. 

Amt.  Stabilitate.  Arrest.  Perpetuate. 
Conserre. 

Transformation,  M.  See  Trans- 
form. 

Transgress,  v.  tr.  Lat.  trans^ 
gredior,  gressus,  to  step  beyond. 

Stn.  Break.  Violate,  Disobey.  In- 
fringe.   Trespass. 

Ant.  Observe.  Keep.  Obey.  FulfiL 
Respect. 

Transient,  adj.  Lat.  transiens, 
jyart.  of  transire,  to  pass  on. 

Syn.  Fleeting.  Fugitive.  Passing. 
Evanescent.  Ephemeral.  Momentary. 
Brief. 

Ant.  Abiding.  Permanent.  Perpetual, 
Persistent.    Lasting.    Enduring. 

Translate,  v.  tr.  See  Trans- 
fer. 

Transmit,  v.  tr.  Transmittere, 
to  send  on.     See  Transfer. 

Transmute,  v.  tr.  Trans  and 
mutare,  to  change.  See  Trans- 
form. 

Transparent,  adj.  Trans,  be- 
yond, and  parere,  to  appear.  Used 
metaphorically  of  that  -which  is 
easily  seen  through  by  the  mind. 

St.n.  Pellucid.  Crysialliiii\  Translucent. 
Limpid.  Liaphanous.  Obvioua.  India- 
putable.    Self-evident. 

Ant.  Thick.  Turbid.  Opaque.  Intraa»» 
parent.  Mysterious.  Dubious.  Questlao- 
able. 

2o 


Sffnony)iis  and  Antonyms. 


TraNBPIUE,    v.    int.        Trans, 
through,  and  spirare,  to  breathe. 
Sth.  Escape.     ApixMr.    Exude. 
Airr.  Lurk.    Latitate.    Lie. 

Transport,  v.  tr.  Trava,  he- 
yoiid,  porta  re,  to  carry.  See  Trans- 
fer, 

Transport,  v.  See  above. 
Used  in  the  sense  of  being  carried 
out  of  one's  self  by  joy. 

SvN.  Ecstasy.  Rapture.  Euravishment. 
BUss. 

Ant.  Agony.  Paroxysm.  Mortification. 
Distress.    Annoyance.    Vexation. 

Transpose,  v.  tr.  Transpovere, 
to  alter  the  order  or  sense.  The 
word  has  technical  meanings,  as 
in  algebra,  to  bring  from  one  side 
to  the  other  without  destroying 
the  equation;  in  grammar,  to 
alter  the  collocation  of  words; 
and  in  music,  to  bring  fi-om  one 
key  to  another. 

SrN.  Change.  Transmute.  Interchange. 
Reverse.    Shift.    Transfer.     Displace. 

Ant.  Stereotype.  Stabilitate.  Fix.  Re- 
tain. 

Transverse,  adj.  Lat.  trans- 
versus,  fi'om  trans  and  vertere,  to 
turn. 

Stn.  Athwart.  Crosswise.  Across. 
Rectangular. 

Ant.  Parallel.    Rectilinear. 

Trap,  n.     Ang.  Sax.   treppe, 

trappe. 

S™.  Snare.  Ambush.  Stratagem.  Pit- 
fall. 

Ant.  Warning.  Beacon.  Signal-post. 
Lighthouse.    Premonition. 

Trapping,  n.  Used  in  the 
plural.  From  trap,  in  the  sense 
of  to  adorn. 

Syn.  Gear.  Adornments.  Apparatus. 
Paraphernalia.  Tackle.  Harness.  Hous- 
ings. 

Akt.  Divestment.  Dismantlement. 
Stripping. 

Trash,  n.  Prov.  Germ,  trasch, 
husks  of  grapes,  chaff. 

Brs.  Nonsense.  Reftise.  Vileness.  Sn- 
perfluicy.  Offal.  Worthlessness.  Seaweed. 
Sawdusu    Twaddle. 

Ant.  Sense.  Soundness.  Usefulness. 
Wisdom.    Treauurc. 


Travail,  /*.  This  word  is  a 
different  spelling  and  applica- 
tion of  travel.  It  is  connected, 
thi'ough  the  Fr.  travail,  the  Sp. 
trohajo,  and  the  It.  travaglio, 
with  the  Lat.  truhs,  a  beam,  and 
so  with  heavj'  and  slow  work,  as 
of  yoked  oxen. 

Syn.  Labour.  Toil.  Heaviness.  Af- 
fliction. 

Ant.  Ease.    Rest    Lightness.    Joy. 

Travel,  n.    See  Travail. 

Syn.  Journey.  Wandering.  Migration. 
Rustication.  Pilgrimage.  E.tcursion.  Tonr. 
K.'ipedition.  Trip.  Ramble.  Peregrina- 
tion. 

Ant.  Rest   Settlement   Domestication. 

Traverse,  v.  tr.  See  Trans- 
verse. 

Syn.  Cross.  Thwart.  Obstruct.  Survey. 
Explore. 

Ant.  Pas.<!.  Omit.  Sanction.  Permit 
Overlook.  Disregard.  Elude.  Avoid. 
Pretermit 

Travestie,  n.  Fr.  travestir,  to 
disguise,  Lat.  trans,  beyond  (cus- 
tom), and  vestire,  to  dress. 

Syn.  Burlesque.  Parody.  Disguise. 
Caricature.  Misrepresentation.  Wispor- 
traiture. 

Ant.  Representation.  Reproduction. 
Portraiture.    Copy.    Exhibition.    Recast 

Treachery,  n.  Fr.  tricherie, 
from  tricher,  to  trick. 

SrN.  Insidiousness.  Faithlessness.  Per- 
jury.   Betrayal.    I-Yactiousness.    Treason. 

Ant.  Openness.  Fidelity.  Honour. 
Chivalry.    Generosity. 

Trkabon,  n.  Old  Fr.  traison, 
Lat.  tradifio,  from  tradere,  to  sur- 
render or  betray.    See  Treachery. 

Treasure,  n.    Lat.  thesaurus. 

Syn.  Jewel.  Store.  Valnable.  Cash. 
Bullion.  Accumulation.  Hoard.  Gem. 
Paragon.    Model. 

Ant.  Trash.  0£fal.  Refuse.  Scum. 
Dregs.    Dirt. 

Treasure,  v.  tr.    See  noun. 

Syn.  Hoard.  Accumulate.  Save.  Valuei 
Enshrine.  .  Idolize. 

Ant.  Scatter.  Squander.  Dissipat*. 
TMsregard.  IHsesteem.  Prostitute.  W«6t« 
Betray. 


Stjnoivjms  and  xintonnms. 


3S1 


Trcat,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Fr. 
irulter,  Lat.  tracfare, 

SrN.  Handlp.  ManaRe.  Use.  Discuss. 
Kntprtiiiu.  Liiscoiirse.  Write.  Speak.  Ne- 
gotiatp. 

Ani.  T>rop.  Waivp.  Abandon.  Pe- 
cline.  Suppress.  Mismanage.  Misusp. 
Mistreat.  Maltreat.  Misconduct.  Miscon- 
eider.     Misarrange.    Trifle. 

Treatise,  n.    -See  Treat, 

Stn.  Tract.  Kssay.  Paper.  Pamphlet. 
I)isqiiisition.  Brochure.  Monograph. 
Article. 

Ant.  Jottings.  Xotes.  Adversaria. 
Memoranda.    Effusion.    Ephemera. 

Tekaty,  n.     *S'ee  Treat. 

Stn.  Contract.  Agreement.  Covenant. 
Alliance.    Negotiation.    Convention. 

Ant.  Neutrality.  Non-interference. 
Non-alliance.  Non-agreement.  Non-cou- 
\tntion. 

Tremble,  v.  int.  Fr.  trembler, 
Lat.  tremulus. 

Stn.  Sl;i\ke.  Quake.  Quiver.  Shiver. 
Shudder.     A  ibrate.    Jar. 

Ant.  Stand.  Steady.  Settle.  Still. 
Calm. 

Tremendous,  adj.  Lat.  tre- 
mendus,  from  tremere,  to  tremble. 
As  something  to  be  trembled,  at. 

Sre.  Terrible.  Dreadful.  Awful.  Ap- 
I.  tiling. 

Ant.  Uuimposing.  Unappalliiig.  In- 
considerable. 

Tremulous,  adj.  See  Tremble. 

Syn.  Vibratory.  Shivering.  Jarring. 
Quivering. 

Ant.  Equable.  Motionless.  Smooth. 
j\ibratory.    Vibratlonless. 

Trknd,  v.  int.  Dan.  and  Swed. 
(rend,  round. 

Stn.  Deviate.  Diverge.  Tend.  Bend. 
Curve.    Incline.    Bear. 

Ant.  Continue.    Proceed.    Advance. 

Trepidation,  n.  Lat.  trepi- 
dare,  to  be  in  a  hurried  state  of 
alarm. 

Stn.  Terror.  Trembling.  Emotion. 
Disturbance.  Agitation.  Panic.  Demorali- 
Mtiun. 

Ant.  Immobility.  Firmness.  Boldness. 
Steadfastness.  Courage.  Confidence.  Self- 
command. 

Trespass,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr.  tres- 
'(Hisser,  Lat.  trans,  beyond,  and 
vdsst's,  a  stej).     See  Transgress. 


Trial,  n.     Old  Fr.  trial,  trkr, 

to  cii/l,  pick  out. 

Stn.  Test.  Gauge.  ?3xppriraent.  Tempt- 
ation. Trouble.  Affliction.  Grief.  Bur- 
den. Suffering.  Attempt.  Eiideavou- 
Proof.  Essay.  Criterion.  Ordeal.  Verili- 
cation. 

ANr.  Non-trial.  Non-probation.  Mis- 
measurement.  Miscalculation.  Misesti- 
mate. Trifle.  Triviality.  Alleviation. 
Relief.  1  )isburdenment.  Refreshment 
Ni)n-aftempt.  Pretermission.  Oversight 
Disregard.    Non-veritication. 

Tribulation,  n.  Lat.  iriwi- 
lum,  a  heavy  roller  that  did  the 
tuork  of  a  flad. 

Stn.  Trouble.  Distress.  Persecution 
Suffering.     Affliction.     Anguish. 

Ant.  .Joy.  Ktyolcing.  Gladness.  Rest. 
Deliverance. 

Tributary, «c?/.  Lat.  trihutum, 
tribute,  from  tribuere,  to  afford. 

Stn.  Subject.  Subordinate.  Inferior. 
Dependent.     Accessory.    Auxiliary. 

Ant.  Independent.  Unsubdued.  Un- 
conquered.     Unreduced. 

Trick,  v.    See  Treachery. 

Syn.  Artifice.  Contrivance.  Machination. 
Stratagem.  Wile.  Fraud.  Cheat.  Juggle. 
Finesse.  Sleight.  Deception.  Imposition. 
Delusion.     Legerdemain. 

Ant.  Blunder.  E.xposure.  Bungling. 
Mishap.  Botch.  Fumbling.  Inexpertness. 
Maladroitness.  Genuineness.  Openhandeu- 
ness.    Artlessness. 

Teicklb,  v.  int.  A  word 
formed  from  the  sound  of  falling 
drops.  Comp.  Dribble  and  Prov. 
Germ.  trip2>eJn. 

Stn.  Drip.  Drop.  Dribble.  Ooze.  Per- 
colate.   Distil. 

Ant.  Flovr.  Rush.  Stream.  Pour. 
Gush.    Buivit. 

Trifle,  n.     Old  Dutch  trey- 

fden,  to  trifle.     Comp.  also  Aug. 

1  Sax.  triflan,  tribulan,  to  break 
into  sni'dl  pieces. 

I  Syn.  Bauble.  Bagat^?lle.  Toy.  Straw. 
Nothing,  '•'riviality.  Ijevity.  Cipher.  Joke. 
Bubble.    Gewgaw.     Kickshaw.     Ruslu 

I        Ant.  Treasure.    Portent.     Phenomenon. 

I  Crisis.  Conjuncture.  Importance.  Ur- 
gency.   Weight.    Necessity.    Seriousness. 

Trifle,  v.  int.     See  noun. 
Si-N.     'I'oy.      Play.      Dally.      Wanton 
I  Quibble.    Fribble. 

2o  2 


Si/noni/nis  and  Antonyms. 


A;.-r  Treat.  Cope.  Tackle.  Grapple. 
Fkai. 

Trim,  v.  tr.  Aug.  Sax.  try- 
miun,  tryraman,  to  inepare. 

Stn.  Prepare.  Order.  Deck.  Adjust. 
Clip.    Embellish.    Arrange. 

ANT.  Disorder.  Derange.  Disnianlle. 
Deiiiide.     Divest.    Disarrange. 

Trimmer,  n.  See  Trim  aud 
Timeserving. 

Trip,  v.  int.  Dutcli  trippen, 
trippden. 

SvN.  Bound.  Skip.  Taunt.  Fail. 
Stuiiible.    Mistake.    Om-nd.    Err.    Fail. 

Ant.   Stand.    Succeed.    Prosper.    Speed. 

Trite,  arlj.  Lat.  tritus,  part. 
of  terere,  to  rub  or  wear. 

SvN.  "Worn.  Hackneyed.  _  Common- 
place.   Obvious.     Familiar.    Trivial. 

Ant.  Original  NoveL  Startling.  In- 
Tentive. 

Triumph,  n.  Lat.  triumplms, 
Old  Lat.  triumpus.  Allied  to  the 
Gr.  dplaixIBos,  a  Bacchic  procission. 
It  used  to  express  botli  the  fact 
and  the  feeling  of  triumph. 

SvN.  Victory.  Success.  Achievement 
Conquest.     Exultation.    Trophy. 

Ant.  Defeat.  DiscomfitMre.  Failure. 
Unsuccess.  Abortion.  Baffling.  J)isap- 
pointraent. 

Triumphant,  adj.  See  Tri- 
umph. 

SvN.  Victorloua,  SnccessfuL  E.Kultant. 
Elated.    Boastful. 

Ant.  Uiivictorious.  Baffled.  Humiliated. 
Unsuccessful.  Discomfited.  Beaten.  Wor^tcd. 

Trivial,  a(Jj.  Lat.  trivialis,  tres 
via-,  occurring  ivltcre  three  roads 
meet,  SO  to  be  found  everywhere. 
Also  belonging  to  the  common 
curriculum  of  the  ancient  univer- 
sities, the  three  sciences  of  gram- 
mar, logic,  and  rhetoric,  as  dis- 
tinguished from  the  liigher  course, 
or  quadrivinm,  of  arithmetic, 
geometry,  astronomy,  and  music, 
in  addition. 

Svs.  Trifling.  Trite.  Common.  Un- 
Iniportan*-    Useless.    Nui?atory. 

AST.  Important.  Weighty.  Critical. 
Original.    Korel. 


I  Troop,  n.  Fr.  troupe,  Lot* 
I  Lat.  troppns,  prob.  conn,  with 
turhu.  Used  in  the  sense  of  a  spe- 
cific number,  as  of  cavalry,  or  an 
equivalent  to  forces  of  an  army. 
Also  in  the  general  sense  of— 

SvN.  Crowd.  Assemblage.  Multitude 
Herd.    Collection.    Band.    Company. 

Ant.  Paucity.    Selection.    Bevy.     Elite. 

Trophy,  n.  Fr.  troplic,  Lat. 
tropceum,  Gr.  rponaiov,  strictly  a 
monument  of  the  enemy's  defeat 
or  turning  to  flight,  from  Tperreiv, 
to  turn. 

SrN.  AS'^ar-spoil.  Acquisition.  Laurels. 
Palm.  Bays.  ^Vr€ath.  Prize.  .Medal. 
Feather. 

Ant.  Brand.  Stigma.  Tarnish.  Stain. 
I  Blot. 

Trouble,  v.  tr.  Fr.  trouhler, 
I  Lat.  turbare,  to  disturb,  from 
turba,  a  crowd. 
I  S™.  Disturb.  Vex.  Agitate.  ConfuBe. 
[  Perplex.  Distress.  Harass.  Annoy.  Tease. 
]  Jlolest.    Grieve.    Mortify.    Oppress. 

Ant.  Compose.  Calm.  Allay.  Appease. 
I  Please.  Soothe.  Delight.  Gratify.  Re- 
I  create.    Entertain.    Relieve.    Refresh. 

Trouble,  5*.     See  verb. 

Sin.   Affliction.     Disturbance.     Annoy- 

.  ance.    Perplexity.    Molestation.    Vexation. 

I  Inconvenience.        Calamity.        Misfortun  ■. 

I  Adversity.        Anxiety.        Embarrassment. 

j  Sorrow.    Misery.  Grief.    Depression.    Difii- 
cultv.    Labour.    Toil.    Effort. 

AxT.    Alleviation.      Composure.      Plea- 

1  sure.     Appeasement.      Delight,     Assuage- 
ment.     Happiness.     Gratification.      Boon. 

I  Blessing.       Exultation.       Joy.      Gladness. 

I  Ease.    Facility.   Luck.    Recreation.   Amuse- 

!  nient.     Carelessness.     Indifference.     Indo- 
lence.   Inertia.    Indiligence. 

I     Troublesome,  adj.    See  Trou- 
iblc. 

i        Si-N.    Tiresome.       Irksome.       Difflcnlt. 

j  Tedious.     Arduous.    Laborious. 

Ant.  Easy.  Pleasant.  Amosing.  Fa- 
cile. Light.  Unlaborious.  Unirouble- 
some. 

Truant,  adj.  Old.  Fr.  tnuint. 
Low.  Lat.,  of  uncertain  origin, 
truanus,  trudanus,  and  trutanus, 
AVelsh  tru,  truan,  wretched. 

SvN.  Vagabond.  Loitering.  IdUliic. 
Shirking.  N'agrant.  Loose.  ApoiUU 
Renegade 


Si/)ioni/ins  and  Antonyms. 


389 


\xt  Sedulous.  Domestic.  Industrious. 
Diligent.  LoyaL  Adbeieiit.  Kaitutul. 
Attached. 

Truculent,  adj.  Lat.  trucu- 
itutuR,  from  trux. 

Stn.  Fierce.  Savage.  Barbarous.  Cruel, 
Bloodtliirsty. 

Ant.  Mild,    Inoffensive.    Gentle. 

True,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  tnowe, 
treuje,  trywe. 

Syn.  Veritable.  Veracious.  E.xact. 
Precise.  Accurate.  Faithful,  Loyal.  Ac- 
tual.   Genuine.    Pure.    Real. 

Ant.  Fictitious.  Unreliable.  Unhis- 
torical.  Untrustworthy.  Inveracious.  False. 
Inaccurate.  Unfaithful.  Faithless.  Fickle. 
Treacherous.  Erroneous.  Spurious.  Per- 
fidious.   Counterfeit.    Adulterated. 

Truism,  v.    See  Truth. 

SvN.  Omnnonplace.    Platitude. 

A.NT.   Discovery.    Originality.    Paradox. 

Trumpery,  «,  Fr.  tromperie, 
deceit,  from  tromjytr,  to  deceive. 
Originally  used  in  this  sense. 

Sin.  Trash.  Tmsel.  Tawdriness.  Non- 
sense. 

Ant.  Trea.«ure.  Valual)les.  Sense. 
Wisdom.    Ti-uth. 

Trust,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Old 
Sax.  gitrost,  Genn.  trost,  consola- 
tion, hope. 

Syn.  Confide.  Rely.  Credit.  Believe. 
Charge.    Deposit.    Entrust.    Repose.    Hope. 

Ant.  Distrust.  Suspect.  Discredit. 
Doubt.     Disbelieve.     Resume.    Withdraw. 

Despair. 

Trust,  71.    See  verb. 
Truth,  n.    See  True, 
Truthful,  adj.    See  True. 
Truthless,  adj.    See  True. 
Try,  v.  fr.     See  Trial. 

Six.    Attempt.       Endeavour.  Strive. 

Aim.  Examine.  Test.  Sound.  Gauge. 
Probe.    Fathom.  ' 

Ant.      Ignore.        Pretermit.  Reject. 

Abandon.  Discard.  Misexamine.  Misln- 
vesiigate. 

Tumid,  adj.  Lat.  tumidus, 
from  turnere,  to  swdl. 

SiN-.  Swollen.  Idstcndcd.  Protuberant. 
InCatrd.    Turgid,    llombastic.    Pompous. 

Ant.  Smooth.  Flat.  Lev.-I.  I'lane. 
(■.quable.     irniiitlalcd.     Sulxiued. 


TuMUT.T,  v.  Iiat.  tu'.nnltus, 
from  tumrre,  to  swdl. 

SiK.  Uproar.  Ferment.  Dl.-turbance. 
Turhtilence.  Mutiny.  Insubordinatioiu 
Turmoil.  Disorder.  Confusion.  Noise, 
Bluster.    BrawL    Riot. 

Ant.  Peace.  Pacification.  Subsidence, 
Quiet.    Tranquillity.    Order.    Orderliness. 

Tumultuous,  adj.      See   Tu- 
mult. 
Turbid,  adf.    Lat.  turbidns. 

SvN.  Foul,    'ihick.    Muddy. 
Ant,  Clear.     Limpid.    Crystalline. 

Turbulence,,  »?.  Lat.  turlu- 
lentia,  turba,  a  crowd.  See 
Tumult. 

Turbulent,  adj.  See  Tumul- 
tuous. 

Turgid,  adj,  Lat.  turgidus, 
turgere,  to  swell.     See  Tumid. 

Turmoil,  n.  From  turn  and 
moil,  to  labour,     hee  Tumult. 

Turn,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Lat.  tor- 
nare,  to  turn  in  a  lathe,  from  tov 
nus,  a  lathe,  Fr.  tourner,  Ang. 
Sax.  tyrnan. 

S\s.  Round.  Shnpe.  Mould.  Adapt. 
Spin.  Reverse.  Deflict.  Alter.  Trans- 
form. Convert.  Metamorphose.  Revolve. 
Rotate.  Hinge.  Depend.  Deviate.  Di- 
verge.    Decline.    Change. 

ANT.  Misshape.  Misadapt.  Perpetuate, 
Stabilitate.  Stereotype.  Fix.  Arrest. 
Continue.    Proceed. 

Turn,  n.     See  verb. 

Syn.  Revolution.  Rotation.  Recur- 
rence. Change.  Alteration.  Vicissitude. 
Winding.  Bend.  Deflection.  Curve.  Alter- 
nation. Opportunity.  Occasion.  Time. 
Deed.  OfiQce.  Act.  Treatment.  Purpose. 
Requirement.  Convenience.  Exigence, 
Crisis.  Form.  Cast.  Shape.  Manner. 
Mould.    Fashion.    Cut, 

Ant.  Stability.  Fixity.  Immobility. 
Statjonariness.  Unchangeableness.  Unl- 
formity.  Rectilinearity.  Indeflection.  Con- 
tinuity. Untinuliness.  Incogniz.ince.  Over- 
sight Indtpendencp.  Non-requiremeni. 
Malformation.    Shapelessness, 

Turpitude,  n,  Lat.  turpitudo, 
turpis,  base. 

Syn.  Baseness.  Vileness.  Dts^^ntcefoi* 
ness. 

Ant.  Goodness.  Nobility.  C..mineii(l 
ableness.     Excillence. 


390 


Tutelage,  n.  Lat.  tiit(  la,  pro- 
iecfitrti. 

Syn.  Frotection.  Guardianship.  Mi- 
nority.    'I'rainiiit;.     Pupilage. 

Ant.  Majority.  Nun-tutelage.  Inde- 
pendence,   biscretion. 

Tutor,  ??.  Lat.  from  tiieri,  to 
irafch. 

S\-x.  Guardian.  Gnvernnr.  Teacher 
Preceptor.     Hrolessor.     Master.     Savant 

Ant.  Ward.  I'upil.  Scholar.  Student. 
Pksciple.    Learner.    Tyro. 

Twaddle,  n.  Conn,  with 
Tattle.     ISea  Trash. 

Twine,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  twirtan,  from  twi,  two. 

SvN.  Twist.  Wind.  Embrace.  En- 
X^w^.  Wrea.h.  Bind.  Unite.  Braid. 
Jjeiid.     Meander. 

AXT.  Untwist.  Unwind.  Separate 
Disunite.  ]>eiach.  Unwreath.  Unravel. 
Diseiitwine.    Continue.    Straighten. 

Twist,  v.  tr.  and  iid..  Ang. 
Sax.  twi'M,  two. 

Stx.  Contort.  Convolve.  Complicate 
Pervert.  Distort.  AVrest.  Wreath.  Wind 
Kncircle.  Form.  AVeave.  Insinuate.  Unite 
Interpenetrate. 

Ant.  Straighten.  Untwi<  Rectify 
Verify.  Kcpr.sent.  Reflect.  Render 
J  reserve.  Kxpress.  Snbsiamiate.  Un- 
wreath. Unwind.  Detach.  Disengage 
separate.  Disunite.  JJiseiitangle.  Disin- 
corporate.   Unravel. 

Type,  n.    Gr.  rvwos,  a  form. 

Syn.  Mark.  Stamp.  Emblem.  Kind. 
Character.  Sign.  Symbol.  Pattern.  Arche- 
type.  Form.  Model.  Idea.  Image.  Like- 
ness     Expression.     Cast.    Mould.    Fashion 

ANT.  Non-de.scripiion.  Non-classitica- 
V,'!"-  ...  'n^-^'P'-ession.  Misrepresentation. 
Alismdication.  Falsification.  Abnormity 
Deviation.     Caricature.     Monstrosity. 

Typify,  v.  tr.    See  Type. 

SvN.  I'religure.  Adumbntie.  Prede- 
hneaf.  Prercpresent.  Foreshow.  Prede- 
inoiistrate.     Foieshailow, 

Ant.  Verity.    Fulfil.    Realize. 

Tybanny,  77.  Gr.  Tvpawm,  a 
til  rant  or  autormt.  Used  in  tlie 
twofold  sense  of  the  exercise  anti 
tlie  condition  of  tyranny. 

S*!».  Despotism.  Inclemency.  Perse- 
cutf.n.     Autocracy. 

Ant.  Fre.doiii  Independence.  Hu- 
manity.   Clemency.  Constitutionalism. 


Si/iwn>jms  and  Antonyms. 


Tyro,  n.     Lat.  tire,  x  uetvlv. 
recruited  soldier. 

Stn.  Beginner.    Novice. 

Ant.      Professor.        Adept. 
Master. 


u. 


Expert. 


»^.       Lat,     ulique, 


Ubiquity, 

everywhere. 

Sts.  Omnipresence.  All-pervasivpne^s. 
Boundlessness. 

,  A.M.  Nullibiely.  Localization.  Limita. 
tion. 

Uot.y,  adj.  Old  Eng.  also  iia- 
.so///(',Ang.  Sax.  ey/r,  f-v^-Ze,  haft  fid. 

Stn.  Loathsome.  Hideous.  Delbrmed. 
Monstrous.     Unnainl.v. 

Ant.  Attractive.  Fair.  Seemly.  Shapely 
Beautiful.    Handsome. 

Ulterior,  adj.  Lat.  Fur- 
ther. 

Snf.  Further.      Remote.      Succeeding 

Beyond.  "^ 

Ant.  Immediate.  Present.  Prior. 
Hither. 

_  Ultimate,  adj.  Low  Lat.  ul- 
timatua,  from  idtimufi,  last. 

Stn.  Last.  Final.  Conclusive  Re- 
motest.    Farihe.st. 

Ant.  Prior.  Intermediate.  Proximate. 
Preliminary. 

Umbrage,  n.  Fr.  omhrn/e,  Lat. 
umbra,  a  shadow  A  taking  un- 
defined offence  ;  a  shadowy  <rrieT- 
ance. 

Stn.  Offence.  Dissatisfaction.  Resent- 
ment.   Jealousy.     Displeasure. 

Ant.  Complacency.  Satisfaclion.  Gra- 
tification, 

TJmpire,  n.  Fr.  imjmir,  noin- 
pair,  itneve)],  that  is,  making  a 
third  between  two. 

Syn.  Judge.    Referee.    Arbiter. 
Ant.  Litigant.     Disputant. 

Unanimity,  n.  Lat.  tams,  one, 
and  animus,  7nirid. 

Stn.  Accord.  Concord  Agreement 
Consent.     Consensus. 


•  For  the  words  compounded  of  tti« 
nfgative  prefix  Un  relt-rence  maybe  M.ide 
to  ihe  words  ibenselves;  as,  lor  Clniair,  lat 
Fair. 


fSynonyms  and  Anionyms. 


:-,^\ 


AST.  Vtrian*  Piscord.  Disagreement. 
iVgsent.    I)is^eIlti•uce. 

Uncouth,  adj.  Un  and  coofh, 
knowing,  Sax.  cudh,  knoivn.  Like 
quaint,  from  cognitun. 

Syn.  Odd.  iFnseemly.  Awkward. 
Boorish.  Clumsy.  Clownish.  Underbred. 
Ungainly 

Ant.  Quaint.  Neat.  Polite.  Trim. 
Motiish.  Fashionable.  Graceful.  Courtly. 
AVell-mannered.  lietined.  Polished.  Well- 
bred. 

Unction,  v.  Lat.  nnctio.  An 
anointing,  as  with  a  spirit  or 
life. 

Stn.  Life.  Spirit.  Force.  Animation. 
Fervour.     Power. 

Ant.  Flatness.  Tameness.  Weakness. 
Inanimateness.  Coldness.  Perfunctoriness. 
Lifelessness.    Dilutedness.    Vapidity. 

Unctuous,  ndj.    See  Unction. 

Stn.  Oily.  Smooth.  Fawi^iug.  tlatter- 
ing.  Fulsome.  Sycojihiintic.  Compli- 
mentary. 

Ant.  Abrupt.  Unmannerly.  Uncom- 
plimentary.   Sarcastic.    Cynical.    Blunt. 

Undeeestimate,  v.  tr.  Under, 
that  is,  below  the  right  vahie, 
and  Lat.  cestimare,  to  estimate. 

Stn.     Underrate.      Undervalue.      Dis- 


Underhand,  adf.  Done,  as  it 
were,  by  a  hand  working  in 
secret. 

Syk.  Clandestine.  Furtive.  Dishonest 
Unfair.    Fraudulent.    Surreptitious. 

Ant.  Openhanded.  Straightforward. 
Fair.    Honest.    Undisguised. 

Underling,  n.  Under,  and 
the  termination  of  the  personal 
diminutive. 

Stn.  Menial.    Subordinate. 
Ant.  Master.    Superior. 

Undermink,  v.  tr.  To  weaken 
by  running  a  mine  underneath. 

'  Stn.  Sap.  Subvert.  Counteracu  Baffle. 
Thwart. 

Ant.  Prop.  Support  Countenance. 
Promote.    Aid.    Corroborate. 

Underrate,  v.  tr.  Under  and 
rate.  Lat.  rata  (k.  pars)  a 
reckoiiefl  propov.ion  or  value.  See 
Underestimate, 


Understand,  v.^r,  Saj»  unrUr- 
fttnidon,  to  (jrcuip  the  substantia  or 
essence  of  n  thing. 

Stn.  Apprehend.  Comprehend.  Learn. 
Recognize.     Interpret    Imply. 

Ant.  Misapprehend.  Miscomprehend. 
Ignore.  Misinterpret.  Declare.  State. 
Enunciate.    Express. 

UNDER8TANDING,  n.  See  Un- 
derstand. 

Stn.  Knowledge.  Discernment.  Inter- 
pretation. Construction.  Agreement,  in- 
tellect    Intelligence.     Mind. 

Ant.  Ignorance.  Misapprehension.  Mis- 
undei-standing.  Misinterpretation.  Mis- 
construction.   Mindle»ness.    Irraiionality. 

Undertake,  v.  tr.  and  int. 
Under  and  take.  Ang.  Sax. 
tacan. 

Stn.  Engage  Attempt.  Stipulate.  Pro- 
ject.   Commence.    Promise. 

Ant.  Decline.  Abandon.  Drop,  l^s- 
coniinue.     Desist 

Undertaking,  n.  See  .*nder- 
take. 

Undulation,  n.  Lat  urid'h^a 
a  little  inave. 

SvN.  Wave.  Vibration.  Swellinj, 
Oscillation.    Hill. 

Ant.  Standing.  Arrestation.  Rest 
Flattening.    Table-land.    Plain. 

Uniform,  adj.  Lat.  vn  (form  is. 
Unus,  one,  and/w/?ia,  shape. 

Stn.  Unvarying.  Invariable.  (!on- 
formable.  Homogeneous.  Consistent  He- 
guhir.    Symmetrical.     Equable. 

AST.  Varying.  A'^ariable.  Inconform- 
ablc.  Incongruous.  Diverse.  Heterogeneous 
Inconsistent  Irregular.  UnsymmetricaL 
Multilarious.  Multigenous.  Polymorphic. 
Bizarre.    Eccentric.    Erratic. 

Union,  n.  Lat.  unio,  nnns, 
one. 

Sin.  Junction.  Coalition.  Combination. 
Agreement.  Harmony.  Conlederation. 
Consolidation. 

Ant.  Disjnnc'.ion.  Separation.  Sever- 
ance. Divorce.  Disagreement.  Discord. 
Disharmony.  Secession.  Disruption.  Mul- 
tlplicutiou.    Diversification.     Division. 

Unison,  n.  Lat.  im-ns,  one,nm\ 
soniis,  sound. 

SvN.  Harmony.     Agreement     Concoitl 
Union. 
!        Ant.   IMscord.    Disharmony,    Di5»grc& 
j  metit    Disunion.     Variance. 


392 


Umit,  n.    Lai   rmitum,  part, 
unire,  to  unite,  unus,  one. 
Stn.  Ace.    Item.    Part    IndivIdnaL 
Akt.    TotaU      Aggregate.      Collection. 
Sum.    Mass. 

Unite,  v.  tr.  and  int.  See 
Unit. 

Stn.  Join.  Combine.  Link.  Attach. 
Amalgamate.  Associate.  Coalesce.  Cohere. 
Concatenate.    Integrate.    Converge. 

Ant.  Disjoin.  Sever.  Dissociate.  Se- 
parate. Disamalgamate.  Eesolve.  Dis- 
connect. Disintegrate.  Disunite.  Dis- 
rupt. Divide.  Multiply.  Part.  Sunder. 
Diverge. 

Unity,  n.  Lat.  unitas,  from 
unus,  one. 

Stn.  Oneness.  Singleness.  Individuality. 
Concord.  Conjunction.  Agreement.  Uid- 
formity.     Indivisibility. 

Ant.  Plurality.  Multitude.  Com- 
plexity  Multiplicity.  Discord.  Dis- 
junction. Separation.  Severance.  Variety. 
Heterogeneity.  Diversity.  Incongruity. 
Divisibility, 

Univeesal,  adj.  Universalis, 
from  universus,  unus,  one,  and 
vertere,  to  turn.  To  turn  into 
one  whole. 

Stn.  All.  Embracing.  TotaL  Un- 
limited. Boundless.  Comprehensive.  Ex- 
haustive.   Complete. 

Ant.  Partial.  LocaL  Limited.  In- 
complete. Exclusive.  Particular.  Inex- 
hausiive.    Exceptional. 

Upbraid,  v.  tr.  Provencal 
hraidir,  hraidar,  to  cry. 

Stn.  Reprove.  Taunt,  Reproach. 
Chide. 

Ant.  Commend.  Praise.  Eulogize.  Laud. 
Compliment.    Applaud. 

Uphold,  v.  tr.  Up  and  hold. 
Ang.  Sax.  heaUan. 

Stn.  Support.  Sustain.  Elevate.  Raise. 
Countenance.  Advocate.  Sanction.  En- 
courage.   Defend.    Maintain. 

Ant.  Subvert.  Drop.  Discard.  Betray. 
Discountenance.  Oppose.  Discourage.  A't-  j 
tack.  Repudiate.  Abandon.  Abjure.  Re- 
nounce. 

Upright,  adj.  Up  and  right. 
Lat.  rectus,  straight.  Used 
physically  and  morally. 

Syn.  Vertical.  Erect.  Perpendicular. 
Hont!«t.  Honourable.  Pure,  ftincipled. 
CoDuciei  tious. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


Ant.  Inverted.  Inclined.  Dishoneit 
Dishonourable.  Corrupt.  Unprincipled. 
Unconscientious. 

Uproar,  n.  Up  and  roar. 
Ang.  Sax.  rdrian.    See  Tumult. 

Uproot,  v.  tr.  Up  and  root. 
Dan.  rod,  allied  to  Lat.  radix. 

Stn.  Eradicate.  Extirpate.  Weed. 
Deracinate. 


Upsbt,  V.  tr.  Up  and  set.  Ang. 
Sax.  settan. 

Stn.  Overturn.  Overt'nrow.  Over- 
balance.   Subvert.    Disestablish. 

Ant.  Establish.  Plant  Stabilitato. 
Corroborate.    Confirm. 

Upstart,  n.  Up  and  start. 
Old  Eng.    Allied  to  stii-. 

Stn.  Plebeian.    Mushroom. 
Ant.  Personage.    Patrician. 

UrBANK,  adj.  Lat.  tirhanus, 
urhs,  a  city.  Having  the  refined 
manners  of  the  city. 

Stn.  AEfable.  Courteous.  Refined. 
Polite. 

Ant.  Boorish.  Discourteous.  Unrefined 
Coarse. 

Uroe,  V.  tr.     Lat.  urgere. 

Srv.  Press.  Push.  Drive.  Impel. 
Propel.  Force.  Importune.  Solicit.  Ani- 
mate. Incite.  Instigate.  Stimulate.  Hasten, 
Expedite.    Accelerate.    Despatch. 

Ant.  Repress.  Hold.  Retain.  Inhibit. 
Coerce.  Restrain.  Ouhiblt  Hinder.  He 
tard.    Discourage.    Damp.     Obstruct 

Urgent,  adj.    See  Urge. 

Stn.  Pressing.  Imperative.  Immediate. 
Serious.  Grave.  Momentous.  Indefer- 
rible. 

Ant.  Unimportant.  Insignificant  Tri- 
fling.   Trivial.    Delerrible, 

Use,  V.  tr.  Lat.  usus,  utor,  to 
use. 

Si-N.  Employ,  Exercise.  Treat.  Prac- 
tise.   Accustom.    Habituate.    Inure. 

Ant.  Discard.  Suspend.  Ignore.  Avoid. 
Disaccustom.    Dishabituate.    Disinure. 

Use,  n.    See  verb. 
Useful,  adj    See  Use. 

Stn.  Advantageous.  Profitable.  HeljjfiU 
Beneficial.    Available.    Conducive. 

Ant.  Disadvantageous,  UnpmfitaW)\ 
Obstructive.  Retardalive.  Prevenwilrix 
Antagonistic.    Hostile.    Cumbersoice.    Hiw- 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


393 


Jensome.    Un  xneficial.    Unaval.able.    In- 
oonducive.    Useless.    Fruitless.    Ineffectual. 

UsBXKSS,  adj.    See  Useful. 

Ubher,  v.  tr.  From  an  old 
French  word,  of  which  the  mo- 
dern form  is  /(«/«,  a  door,  huis- 
sier,  a  doorkeeper  or  usher. 

Sis.  Herald.  Introduce.  Precede.  An- 
nounce. 

Ant.  Follow.    Attend.    Succeed. 

Usual,  adj.    See  Use. 

Stn.  Common.  Customary.  Ordiuary. 
Normal.    Regular. 

Ant.  Uncommon.  Rare.  Exceptional. 
Uncustomary.  Extraordinary.  Abnormal. 
Irregular.    Unusual. 

Usurp,  v.  tr.  Lat.  usurpare, 
from  usus  and  rapere,  to  seize. 

Stn.  Seize.    Arrogate.    Appropriate. 
Ant.  Receive.    Inherit.    Accept. 

Utility,  n.  Lat.  idilitas,  from 
utilis,  useful.     See  Useful. 

Utilizb,  v.  tr.     See  Utility. 
Stn.  Localize.    Economize.    Husband. 
Ant.    Dissipate.      Waste.       Squander. 
Sacrifice.    Lose. 

Utter,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  utter, 
titer,  exterior  or  outer. 

Stn.  Circulate.  Issue.  Promulgate. 
Express.    Articulate. 

Ant.  Recal.  Suppress.  Repress.  Hush. 
Stifle.    Check.    SwaUow. 


Vacant,  adj.  Fr.  vacant,  Lat. 
vacans,  part,  of  vacate,  to  be 
empty. 

Stn.  Empty.  Leisure.  Unemployed. 
Unencumbered.  Unoccupied.  Void.  Un- 
filled.   Mindless.     Exhausted. 

Ant.  Full.  Replenished.  Business. 
Employed.  Engaged.  Occupied.  Filled. 
ThoughtfuL 

Vacate,  v.  tr.    See  Vacant. 

Stn.  Resign.  Surrender.  AnnuU  In- 
Yalidate.    Abrogate.    Neutralize. 

Ant.  Hold.  Retain.  FUL  Occupy. 
Bubtitantiate. 

Vacation,  n.    See  Vacant. 

Snr.  Holiday.    Recreation. 
Am  Term.    Busiaess. 


Vacillate,  v.  M.  Lat.  va- 
cillare, 

Stn.  Fluctuate.    Dubitate.    Waver. 
Ant.  Determine.    Abide.    Adhere. 

Vacuity,  ».    See  Vacant. 

Stn.  Emptiness.  Inanity.  Nihility 
Space.    Void. 

Ant.  Fulness.  Substance.  Matter 
Occupation.    Quantity.    Bulk. 

Vagabond,  n.  Lat.  vagahuic 
dus,  from  vaqari,  to  stroll  about. 

Stn.  Wanderer.  Vagrant.  Rogi;e 
Tramp. 

Ant.  Worker.   Labourer. 

Vagary,  n.  See  Vagabond. 
A  stray  thought  or  plan. 

Stn.  Whim.  Fancy.  Crotchet.  Freak, 
Caprice. 

Ant.  Purpose.  Determination.  Judg- 
ment.   Conviction.    Seriousness. 

Vagrant,  adj.  Norm.  Fr. 
vagarant,  Lat.  vagari,  to  wander. 

Stn.  Vagabond.  Strolling.  Itinerant. 
Wandering.  Satmtering.  Roaming.  Rov- 
ing. 

Ant.  Domestia  Established.  Local. 
Resident. 

Vague,  adj.  Fr.  vague,  Lat. 
vagiis.  At  first  wandering,  then 
unsettled,  then  imdefined. 

Stn.  General.  Lax.  Indefinite.  Un- 
determined. Popular.  Intangible.  Point- 
less. 

Ant.  Strict.  Definite.  Determined. 
Limited.    Scientific.    Pointed.    Specific. 

Vain,  adj.     Lat.  vanus. 

Stn.  Empty.  Worthless.  Fruitless. 
Idle.  IneffectuaL  UnreaL  Conceited. 
Arrogant. 

Ant.  Solid.  Substantial.  Sound.  Worthy. 
Efficient.  EffectnaL  Cogent.  Potent.  Un- 
conceited.    Modest.    Real. 

Valediction,    n.      Lat.    w  U 

and  dicere,  to  say  vale  orfareu-tlU 
Stn.  I>eave-taking.     Farewell.    Adieu. 
Ant.  Salutation.    HaiL    Welcome.    R«« 

ception.    Recognition. 

Valiant,  adj.  Fr.  vailluut, 
Lat.  valens,  part,  of  valere,  to  ha 
strong. 

Stn.  Intrepid.  Heroic  Courageous. 
Brave.    Redoubtable. 

Ant.  Timid.   Puny.   Cowardly.  Cr.iv(ii. 

Valid,  adj.  Lat.  validus,  frcm 
valere,  to  be  strong. 


394 


Synoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Sth.  strong.  Powerful.  Cogent,  Sound. 
Substantial.  Available.  Kfficient,  Sutli- 
lient.    Opfralive.     Conclusive. 

Ant.  Weuk.  Invalid.  I><)werles8.  Un- 
sound. Unsubstantial.  Unavailable.  In- 
efficient. Insufficient.  Innperaiive.  Obso- 
trie.    Effete.    Superseded.    Incoutlusive. 

Valour,  n.    See  Valiant, 
Valuable,  adj.    See  Value. 

SlK.  Precious.    Costly.    Estimable. 
Akt.  Cheap.    Vile.    "Worthless.    Value- 
less. 

Value,  v.  tr.  Fr.  evaluer,  It. 
and  Low  Lat.  valuta  re. 

Stn.  Compute.  Rate.  Estimate. 
Esteem.    Treasure.    Prize.    Appraise. 

Ant.  Miscompute.  Misestimate.  Dis- 
esteeni.  Disregard.  Vilipend.  Underrate. 
Undervalue.  Underestimate.  (Uespiiie,  Cou- 
temn.    Cheapen.    Vilify. 

Value,  n.     See  verb. 

Vanish,  v.  int.  Fr.  s'c'vanoin'r, 
Lat.  evanescere,  from  vanus, 
empty. 

Stn.  Disappear.    Dissolve.    Fade.    Melt. 

Ant.  Appear.     Approach.     Loom. 

Vanity,  n.  Lat.  vanitaa,  vamts, 
va  in. 

Stn.  Emptiness.  Unsubstantiality.  Un- 
reality. Falsity.  Conceit.  Self-sufBclency. 
Ostentation.  Pride.  Worthlessncss.  Tri- 
viality. 

Ant.  Substance.  Solidity.  Substan- 
tialiiy.  Reality.  Truth.  Modesty.  Self- 
distrust.  Simplicity.  Unostentatiousness. 
Humility. 

Vanquish,  v.  tr.  Fr.  vaincre, 
jrret.  vainquis,  Lat.  vincere. 

Stn.  Conquer.  Surmount.  Overcome. 
Defeat.    Master. 

Ant.  Succumb,    Yield.    Faint.     Fail. 

Vapid,  adj.  It.  vapidux.  Lite- 
rally having  lost  its  flavour  or 
life.  Vaporized  so  as  to  have 
little  goodness  or  strength  left. 

Stn.  Flat.  Dull.  Spiritless.  Flavour- 
less.   Insipid.    Tame. 

Ant.  Spirited.  Animated.  Pungent. 
Trenchant.     Pithy, 

A^ARiABLE,  adj.  Lat,  variahi- 
iis,  variare,  car  ins. 

Stn.  Changeable.  Mutable.  Fickle. 
Capricious.  Wavering.  Ull^t«ady  Jn- 
vct.-itant.    Shifting. 


A\T.  Unchanging.  Uncliangcabte.    Ii& 

mutable.      Coustant.  Firm.     Trx«i.     Fast 

Stauncu.  Unwavering.  Steady.   Unalterabla. 
invariable. 

Variance.    See  Variable, 

Stn.  Difference.  Disagreement,  Di8« 
cord.  Estrangement.  Antagonism.  Strife, 
Hostility.     Discrepancy. 

Ant.  Unity.  Reconciliation.  Harmony. 
Agreement.  Pacification.  Peace.  Ac» 
commodation.     Consent. 

Variation,  n.    See  Variable. 

Stn.  Deviation.  Alteration.  Mutation. 
Diversity.  Departure.  Change.  Abnor- 
mity.   Exception.    Discrepancy, 

Ant.  Continuance.  Fixity.  Indiver- 
gency.  Exemplificaiion.  Law.  Rule. 
Uniformity.    Harmony.    Agreement. 

Variety,  n.  Varietaa,  varius, 
various.  Used  both  for  variation 
and  the  specific  case  of  it. 

Stn.  Difference.  Diversity.  Multi- 
formity.   Abnormity. 

Ant.  Uniformity.  Species.  Type, 
Specimen. 

Various,  adj.    See  Variety. 

Stn.  Different.  Diverse.  Mulilfonn. 
Multitudinous. 

Ant.  One.  Same.  Identical.  Uniform. 
Few.    Similar. 

Varnish,  v.  fr.  Fr.  va-nir, 
vemisser,  prob.  from  the  Low 
Lat.  vitrinus,  for  vitreus,  f/hissi/, 
vitrum,  glass.  Used  metaphori- 
cally. 

Stn.  Glaze.  Gloss.  Disguise.  Palliate, 
Embellish.    Sophisticate.    Furbish. 

Ant.  Simplify.  Divest.  Disembellisb. 
Disencumber. 

Vary,  v.  int.  and  tr.  Lat. 
variare,  varius. 

Stn.  Alter.  Dissiniilate.  Change.  Di« 
versify.     Differ.    Deviate.     Disjgree. 

Ant.  Perpetuate.  Stabilitalf.  Assimi- 
late.   Stereotype.     Harmonize.    Conform. 

Vast,  adj.    Lat.  vastus. 

Stn.  Waste.  Wild.  Desolate.  Spacions. 
Wide.  Boundless.  Measureless.  Enor- 
mous.   Mighty.    Huge.    Immense. 

Ant.  Narrow.  Close.  Confined.  Fre. 
quenlcd.  Populatc.4.  Cultivated.  Tended. 
Tilleil.  Limited.  BtAindeii  CircumscilbeiL 
Moil.-rate. 

Vaticination,  «.  Lat.  ua<«« 
c  in  iiim,  votes,  a  2>rophet. 


Sijuonfjms  and  AntouDui^^. 


/j;> 


Stv  Prophecy.  Divination.  Augur}'.  | 
Preiliction.  I 

A>T.  Uotrospection.      Rpnlizatinn.     Re-  j 
b'arsHl.       Verilicatiun.       Fultilnit-ni.      Ac- 
colll|lll^hnlent. 

Vaunt,  v.  f.r.  and  i>'f.  Fr. 
((v,ntf,forwar(h.  To  put  forward 
unduly. 

SvN.  Boast.  Brag.  Pnff.  Hawk. 
Tnimppt,  Cuclcle.  Advertise.  Flourish. 
Cry.     Parade. 

.\NT.  llepri^.  Suppress.  Conceal.  Dls- 
parasf.    Decry.    Detract. 

Yebr,  V.  int.  Fr.  virer,  Low 
Lat.  virare,  Sp.  virar.  Used  as 
transitive  only  in  certain  nautical 
phrases. 

Stx.  Shift.    Tergiversate.    Trim.    Tem- 


Adhere. 

Vegetate,  v.  int.  Lat.  vege- 
fnre,  vegetus,  alive.  Used  figura- 
tively for  leading  a  life  of  mere 
natural  subsistence  and  growth. 

SvN.  Grow.  Sprout.  Germinate.  Idle. 
Bask.     Pullulate.     Hibernate. 

AST.  Fade.  Piue.  Wither.  Decay. 
Rot.  Stir.  Bustle.  Work.  Energize. 
Operate. 

A^EHEMENCE,  n.  See  Vehe- 
ment. 

Vehement,  adj.  Lat.  vehe- 
mens,  ve,  privative  particle,  and 
vieiis,  the  mind.  Carried  away 
by  an  uncontrolled  and  as  it 
were  mindless  force. 

Sin.  Violent,  Impetuous.  Ardent. 
Buming.  Fervent.  Raging.  Furious. 
Passionate. 

Am.  Mild.  Feeble.  Inanimate.  Sub- 
dued. Controlled.  Unimpassioned.  Pas- 
sionless. Cold.  Stoical.  Gentle.  Weak. 
Mitigated. 

Veil,  v.  tr.  Lat.  vdare,  velum, 
a  veil. 

Syn.  Intercept,  Hide.  Screen.  Dis- 
gui.se.     Palliate. 

Ant.  Expose.  UnveiL  Strip.  Denude. 
Exaggerate. 

Velocity,  n.  Lat.  vclorifas, 
vejo.r,  rapid. 

Sm.  Quickness.  Swiftness.  Speed. 
Celerity.    Rapidity.    FtfJiess. 


.\ST.  Slowness.  Sluggi-t.nfss.  Tardi- 
ness. Leiitor.  Languor.  Cuiubroiisnesa. 
Inactivity. 

Venal,  nU.  Lat.  vcnalis,  ve- 
nire, to  tie  sold,  I'ejimt,  sale. 

Stn.  Sordid.  Mercenary.  Pfcstitutei. 
Pelfi^h. 

Ant.  Disinterested.  Unmercenary.  In- 
corrupt. 

Venbbate,  V.  tr.  See  Venera- 
tion. 

Veneration,  n.  Lat.  w?je- 
ratio. 

Stn.  Reverence,     .\doration.    Worsbip. 

Ant.  Contempt.  Uisesteeni.  Loathing. 
Vilitication. 

Vengeance,  n.  Fr.  vengeance, 
Lat.  vindicure. 

Stn.  Retribution.    Retaliation. 

Ant.  Forgiveness.  Pardon.  Condona- 
tion. Amnesty.  Grace.  Remission.  Ab» 
Sf)liitiou.  Oblivion.  Indulgence.  Re- 
prieve. 

Venial,  a((/'.  Lat.  venia,  par- 
don. 

Syn.  Pardonable.  Excusable.  Remis- 
sible. 

Ant.  Unpardonable.  Inexcusable.  Ir- 
remissible.     Mortal. 

Venomous,  adj.  Venom.  Lat. 
venvnum. 

SvN.  Poisonous.  Malignant.  Virulent. 
Slanderous. 

A.NT.  Wholesome.  Salubrious.  GeniaU 
Flattering.    Kindly. 

Venture,  w.  Fr.  aventure, 
Low  Lat.  adventura. 

Syn.  Speculation.  Chance.  Hazard. 
Risk.     Experiment.     Throw. 

Ant.  ^on-speculation..  Caution,  Re- 
servation. Calculation.  Certainty.  Law. 
Method. 

Venturous,  adj.   See  Venturo. 

Stn.  Daring.  Rash.  Intrepid.  Auda- 
cious. 

Ant.  Unventuresome.  Cautiotis.  Timid. 
Unenterprising. 

Veracious,  adj.  Lat.  vn-ax, 
verns,  true. 

Stn.  True.  Credible.  Reliable.  Honest 
Truih-loving.     I'ruthfiil.    Historical. 

Ant.  False.  Mendacious.  Inveracioua 
DeceitfuL  Unhistorical.  Romantic.  ln)a» 
ginative. 

Veracity,  n.    Se'  Veracious. 


396 


Si/noni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


VSRBAL;  Of/y.     Terhum,  a  word. 

Sin.  Oral  Spoken.  Unwritten.  Un- 
recorded. 

A.NT.  Written.  Documentary.  Episto- 
lary.   Pvecorded. 

Ykrbojb,  adf.     See  Verbal. 

Si-N.  Wordy.    Pi-olix.    Prosy.    Tedious. 
Ant.  Curt.    Laconic.    Succinct.    Terse. 
Concise. 

Vebdict,  n.  Lat.  vere  dictum, 
that  tuhich  is  truly  said. 

Stn.  Judgment.  Opinion.  Decision. 
Sentence. 

Ant.  Non-declaration.  Indecision.  In 
determination. 

Veege,  ii.  Lat.  ver(jere,toturn 
or  incline. 

Stn.  Border.  Brim.  Edge.  Margin. 
Biinlt.    Eve. 

Ant.  Heart.    Depth.    Centre.    MidsL 

Verge,  v.  int.     See  noun. 

Stn.  Tend.  Bend.  Slope.  Incline. 
Approach.    Appro.ximate.    Trend.    Bear. 

Ant.  Decline.  Deviate.  Revert.  Depart. 
Recede,    lietum.    Back.    Retrocede. 

Verify,  v.  tr.  Verus,  true, 
and/acere,  to  make. 

Stn.  Establish.  Confirm.  Fulfil.  Au- 
thenticate. Substantiate.  Identify.  Realize. 
Test.    WarranL    Demonstrate. 

Ant.  Disestablish.  Subvert.  Fail.  Fal- 
sify. Mistake.  Misrepresent.  Misstate. 
Disappoint.    Misdemonstrate. 

Verisimilitude,  n.  Verum, 
true,  and  similitudo,  likeness. 

Stn.  Probability.  Consistency.  Likeli- 
hood. 


Veritable,  adj.  Lat.  verita- 
hilis,  Veritas,  truth. 

Stn.  True.  Actual.  Real.  Authentic. 
Original. 

Ant.  False.  Fictitious.  Unreal.  Un- 
authentic. Spurious.  Supposititious.  Feigned. 
Sham.    Untrue. 

Verity,  n.     Lat.  Veritas. 

Syn.   Truth.    Reahty.    Actuality.    Ex- 


Ant.  Falsity.  Unreality.  Supposition. 
Hypothesis.  Conjecture.  Chimera.  Dream. 
Delusion.    Fancy.    Phantasy. 

Vebnal,  adj.  Lat.  ver,  vermis, 
spring. 

SvN.  Sprine.  Youthful.  Genial.  Balmy. 
Nascent.  ' 


Ant.  Wintry.  Aged.  HrumaL  Hi. 
bemal.  Harsh.  Ungenial.  Cutting.  An- 
tumnaL    Decadent.    Declining. 

Versatile,  adj.  Lat.  versa- 
tills,  from  vrrsare,  fi-eq.  of  vertere, 
to  turn.  The  word  has  the  two- 
fold meaning  of  given  to  turning 
or  change,  and  having  the  faculty 
of  turning  fi-om  one  conception 
to  another,  as  a  versatile  mind 
or  person. 

Stn.  Changeable.  Unsteady.  Unfixed. 
Capricious.  Varied.  Many-sided.  Multi- 
genous.  Manifold.  Variable.  Mobile. 
Plastic.    Ready. 

Ant.  Immovable.  Immutable.  Fixedj' 
Unvaried.  Unvarying.  One-sided.  Uni- 
form. Invariable.  Stolid.  Immobile.  Un- 
ready. 

Versed,  adj.  Lat.  versatus, 
versari,  to  be  engaged. 

Stn.  Skilled.  Practised.  Conversant, 
Acquainted.  Initiated.  ludoclrinated. 
Familiar. 

Ant.  Unskilled.  Ill-versed.  Unpractised. 
Inconversant.  Unfamiliar.  Uninitiated. 
Ignorant.  Awkward.  Strange.  Unversed. 
Untaught. 

Vertical,  adj.    Lat.  vertex,  a 
turning-point  or  summit. 
Stn.  Perpendicular.    Upright. 
Ant.  Inclined.    Sloped.    Scarped. 

Vest,  v.  tr.  Lat.  vestire,  vestis, 
a  garment.  Used  also  metapho- 
rically. 

Sth.  Robe.    Clothe.    Furnish.    Endow. 
Ant.  Divest.    Strip.    Unrobe.     Deuuda, 
Deprive. 

Vestige,  n.  Vestigium,  foot- 
sie}-). 

Syn.  Trace.  Mark.  Indication.  Sign. 
Token.    Remnant.    Record.    Trail.    Scent. 

Ant.  Misindication.  Obliteration,  lif- 
facenient.  Non-indication.  Indemoastrable- 
ness.    Deletion. 

Veteran,  n.  Lat.  veteranus, 
vetus,  eris,  old. 

Sin.  Habitu^.  Expert.  Adept.  Profi- 
cient. 

Akt.  Tyro.    Recruit.    Novice.    Lubber 

Vex,  V.  tr.     Lat.  vexare. 

SvN.  Teass.  Irritate.  Provoke.  Troubla 
Disquiet.    Haraiss.    AflSict.    Annoy. 

Akt.  Sajthe.  Appease.  Gratitv.  Quiet 
Please. 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


397 


Vexation,  ??.,  Vexatious, ac/y. 
See  Vex. 

Vicarious,  ndj.  Lat.  vicarins, 
'■ids,  change,  turn.  Not,  how- 
ever, occurring  in  tlie  nomina- 
tive. 

Stn.  Substitutive.    Deputed.    Delegated,  j 
Ilepresentative.    Procuratorical. 
Ant.  Personal.    Self-perlormed. 

Vice,  ik    Lat.  vitium.  , 

Stn.  Corruption.  Fault.  Defect.  Evil.  ' 
Crime.     Immorality.    Sin.     badness. 

Ant.  I'urity.  I'aultlessncss.  Perfection. 
Virtue.  Immaculateuess.   Goodness.  Sound- 

ni'.Sf:. 

Vicinity,  n.  Lat.  vicinus, 
neir/hbouring. 

Syn.  Juxtaposition.  Neighbourhood. 
Nearness.     Proximity. 

Ant.  Distance.  Remoteness.  Separation. 
Piemoval. 

Vicious,  adj.    See  Vice. 

Sto.  Corrupt.  Faulty  Defective.  Bad. 
Morbid.     I'eccant. 

Ant.  Pure.  Sound.  Perfect.  Virtuous. 
Healiby. 

Vicissitude,  n.  Lat.  vicissi- 
tude. 

Stn.  Change.  Alternation.  Interchange, 
lievolution.    Mutation. 

Ant.  Perpetuity.  Stability.  Change- 
lessness.    Immutability.    Fixity. 

Victim,  n.  Lat.  victima.  Li- 
terally an  animal  bound  with  the 
vitta  or  fillet  of  sacrifice.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Stn.  Sufferer.  Prey.  Martyr.  Dupe. 
Gull. 

Ant.  Sacrificer.    Seducer. 

ViOTOEIOue,  adj.     See  Victory. 

ViOTOKT,  n.  Lat.  victoria,  vin- 
cere,  to  conquer. 

Stn.  Conquest.  Triumph.  Ovation. 
Success. 

Ant.  Failure.  Defeat.  Frustration. 
]>isappoint.raent.  Abortion.  Miscarriage. 
Non-BucceH8. 

Vie,  V.  int.  Ang.  Sax.  wigian, 
jriggan,  to  Contend. 

Stn.  Strive.  Contend.  Compete.  Emu- 
late.   Kival. 

Ant.  Yield.  Succumb.  Retire.  Sur- 
reuiler. 

V;bw,   v.   tr.      Old   Fr.    veue. 


Mod.  Fr.  rue,  from  veoh,  or  voir, 
Lat.  videre,  to  see.  It,  veduta, 

Syn.  Beliold.  E.xamine.  Inspect.  Ex- 
plore. Survey.  Consider.  Contemplate. 
Reconnoitre.  Observe.  Regard.  Estimate, 
Judse. 

Ant.  Ignore.  Overlook.  Disregard.  Mis- 
consider.  Misinspect.  Misobserve.  Mis- 
estimate.   Misjudge. 

View,  n.     See  verb. 

Stn.  Sight.  Vision.  Survey.  ExamK* 
nation.  Inspection.  Judgment.  Estimate. 
Scene.  Representation.  Apprehension. 
Conception.  Opinion.  Olject.  Aim.  In- 
tention.   Purpose.    Design.    End 

Ant.  Blindness.  Occultation.  Obscura- 
tion. Darkness.  Misexamination.  Decep- 
tion. Error.  Delusion.  Misjudgment. 
Misrepresentation.  Misconceptioiu  Aim- 
lessiiess.    Non-intention. 

ViGlLANCK,  n.  Vigilantia,  vigil, 
watchful. 

Stn.  Watchfulness.  Wakefulness.  Sleep- 
lessness. Observance.  Carefulness.  Acti- 
vity.   Circumspection. 

Ant.  Drowsiness.  Inattention.  Care- 
lessness. Indiligence.  Somnolence.  Inob- 
servance. Imactivity.  Indifference.  Con- 
nivance.   Unwatchfulness. 

Vigilant,  adj.    See  Vigilance. 

Vigorous,  adj.  Lat.  vigor,  from 
vigere,  to  be  strong. 

Stn.  Strong.  Lusty.  Powerful.  Ener- 
getic. Efl&cacious,  Nervous.  Robust.  Vi« 
rile.    Manly.    Active.    Resolute. 

Ant.  Weak.  Feeble.  Powerless.  Nerve- 
less. Enervated.  Deblle.  Debilitated. 
Effete.  Emasculated.  Inactive.  Irresolute. 
Indolent. 

Vile,  adj.  Lat.  vilis.  Cheap, 
worthless. 

SvN.  Cheap.  Worthless.  Valueless. 
Low.  Base.  Mean.  Despicable.  Hateful. 
IJad.  Impure.  Vicious.  Abandoned.  De- 
graded.   Wretched. 

Ant.  Costly.  Rare.  Precious.  Valu- 
able. High.  Exalted.  Noble.  Honourable 
Lofty.     Venerable. 

Vilify,  v.  tr.  Lat.  vilis,  and 
facere,  to  make. 

SvN.  Debase.  Degrade.  Spoil  De- 
teriorate. Mar.  Defame.  Traduce.  AbusCi 
Decry.    Cheapen. 

Ant.  Purify.  Reline.  Exalt.  Raise. 
Inipr(jve.  ICnhance.  Eulogtut  Praise 
Laud.    Panegyriie.    Connneci, 

Villainous,  adj.     Low  Lat 
(  villanus,  a  serf,  villa,  an  estate, 
Stii.  Se€  Vile. 


898 


S>jnoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


Vindicate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  vlndi- 
care. 

Syn-.  Assort.  Maintain.  Claim.  Sub- 
stantiate.   .ru,stify.    Establish. 

Ant.  Waive.  Abandon.  Surrender. 
Forego.  Disprove.  rHsestablish.  Neutralize. 
Nullity.  Destroy.  Subvert.    Annul.  Vitiate. 

Vindictive,  adj.  Lat.  vindicta, 
jmnuhment.  Restricted,  however, 
by  usage  to  an  undue  or  selfish 
desire  of  retribution. 

Syn.  Revengeful.  Spiteful.  Unforgiving. 
Unrelenting.  Implacable.  Kancorous.  Uu- 
ruerciful. 

Ant.  Forgiving.  Generou.'S.  Forbearing. 
Merciful.    Unvindictive. 

Violate,  v.  tr.  Lat.  vwlare, 
vis,  violence. 

SvN.  Ravish.  Break.  Infringe.  Pro- 
fane.   Transgress.    Disohey. 

Ant.  Respect.  Foster.  Observe.  Re- 
gard.   Preserve.    Cherish.    Protect    Obey. 

Violence, n.  Violent ia,  visjorce. 

SvN.  Vehemence.  Impetuosity.  Force. 
Outrage.  Rage.  Profanation.  Infringe- 
ment.   Fierceness.    Oppression. 

Ant.  Lenity.  Mildness.  Self-restraint. 
Feebleness.  Gentleness.  Respect.  For- 
bearance. Self-control.  Observance.  Obe- 
dience. Preservation.  Conservation.  Pro- 
tection. 

Violent,  adj.    See  Violence. 

Virile,  adj.  Lat.  virilis,  vir, 
a  man. 

Stn.  Manly.  Masculine.  Robust.  Nerv- 
ous.   Vigorous. 

Ant.  Feeble.  Debile.  Puerile.  Effemi- 
nate.   Emasculate. 

Virtual,  adj.  Low  Lat.  vir- 
tualis,  virtus,  poiuer. 

SrN.  Potential.  Implied.  Constructive. 
Practical  Substantial.  Indirect.  Essential. 
Implicit. 

Ant.  Stated.  E.\pressed.  Categorical. 
Du-ect.  Sensible.  Material.  Definite! 
Lieveloped.    Explicit. 

Virtue,  n.  Lat,  virtus.  Ori- 
ginally, manly,  strength,  and 
courage. 

Syn.  Power.  Capacity.  Strength.  Force. 
Efiicacy.  Excellence.  Value.  Morality. 
Goodness.  Uprightness.  Purity.  Chas- 
tity.   Salubrity. 

Ant.  Weakness.  Incapacity.  Inability. 
Inefflcacy.  Badness.  Comi'ptton.  Vkv. 
Immorality.  Impurity.  Uuchastiiy  Viru- 
lence.   Maiipiancj. 


Virtuous,  adj.    See  Virtue. 
_  Virulence,  n.     Lat.  virulen* 
tia,  from  cirus,  poison. 

Stn.  Vi'nom.  I'oison.  Acrimony.  Ma 
Iignity.  Malignancy.  Bitterness.  Male 
volence. 

Ant.  Mildness.  Salubriousness.  Assuage 
ment.    Abatement.    Virtue.    Benevolence. 

Viscid,  adj.  Lat.  viscidus, 
from  visciim,  the  mistletoe,  or  bird- 
lime made  from  the  berries  of 
that  parasite. 

Stn.  (ilutinoua.  Ropy.  Gelatinous. 
Sticky.    Cohesive. 

Ant.  Watery.  Limpid.  Intenacioug. 
Incohesive. 

Visible,  adj.  Lat.  visihilis, 
videre,  to  see. 

Syn.  Perceptible.  Apparent.  Conspi- 
cuous. Observable.  Discernible.  Distin- 
guishable. 

Ant.  Imperceptible.  Non-apparent. 
Inconspicuous.  Impalpable.  Microscopic. 
Invisible.  Inobservable.          Concealed. 

Eclipsed.  Withdrawn.  Indiscernible.  In- 
distinguishable. 

Vision,  n.^^    Lat.  visio,  videre, 
to  see.    See  View. 
Visionary,  adj.    See  Vision. 

Syn.  Fanciful.  Dreamy.  Chimerical. 
Baseless.  Shadowy.  Imaginary.  Unreal. 
Fabulous.    Romantic. 

Ant.  Actual.  Real.  Tnithful.  Sound. 
Substiintial.  Palpable.  Unromantic.  Sober 
Veritable. 

Vital,  adj.     Vitalis,  vita,  life. 

Sm.   Living.     Animate.     Life-support- 


ing.   Life-containing.  Es-^ential.      Imp 

ant.      Indispensable.  Inseparable.      Para- 
mount.   Material. 

Ant.  Mortal.  Letbal.  Cadaverous. 
Lifeless.  Inanimate.  Unessential.  Unim- 
portant. Secondary.  Separable.  imma- 
terial. 

ViTAUTT,  n.    See  Vital. 

Vitiate,  v,  tr.  Lat.  vitiart, 
vitinm,  defect. 

S™.  Impair.  Corrupt.  Spoil.  Iiyure. 
Invalidate. 

Ant.  Corroborate.  Confirm.  Substan- 
tiate.   Justify.    Vindicate.    Sanction. 

Vivacious,  adj.  Vivax,  from 
viviis,  alive. 

SvN.  Alive.  Lively.  Aalmated.  Sprightly 
SporUre.    Actire. 


Synoni/ms  and  Antonyms. 


AuT.  Dead.  Lifeless.  Inanimate.  iHilI. 
Stiilid.  Moody.  Heavy.  Woodeu.  Leaden. 
Torpid.    Sluggish.    Spiritless. 

VlviDj  adj.  Lat.  vividus,  vivere, 
to  Jive. 

SvN.  Bright.  BriUiant.  Luminous. 
Kesplendent.  Lustrou*.  Kadlaiit.  Scln- 
tillant. 

Ant.  Pull.  Opaque.  Non-lurainous. 
Obscure.  Kayless.  Lurid.  Sombre.  Non- 
nflectinR.  Dim.  Duslty.  Cloudy.  Nebu- 
lous.   Pale.    Wan.    Caliginous. 

Vocation,  n.  Lat.  vocatio, 
vocare,  to  call. 

Syn.  Profession.  Office.  Calling.  Func- 
tion. Mission.  Avocation.  Capacity. 
Kmployraent.    Occupation. 

Ant.  Inconversance.  Incapacity.  Lei- 
eure.    Non-employment. 

Vogue,  n.  French.  Literally 
a  rowing  together,  a  way  or  cus- 
tom. 

SvN.  Way.  Custom.  Fashion.  Repute. 
Use.     Usage. 

Ant.  Desuetude.  Disuse.  Di.sesteem. 
Unfashionableness.    Disrepute,    Abolition. 

Voice,  n.  Lat.  vox,  vocis,  Fr. 
voix. 

Stn.  Tone.  Utterance.  Language. 
Articulation.  Words.  Expression.  Signi- 
fication. Opinion.  Vote.  Suffrage.  Say. 
Control. 

Ant.  Aphony.  Muteness.  Abmutes- 
ceiice.  Voicelessness.  Silence.  Inarticula- 
tion.  Ine.xpresslon.  Dambnees.  Inautho- 
ritativeness. 

Void,  adj.  Old  Fr.  void,  from 
the   Lat  vidims,  ivanting   or   de- 


i" 


ived. 


Stn.  Wanting.  Empty.  Destitute. 
Bereft.  Unoccupied.  UnttUod.  Unsub- 
stantial.   Lacking.    Invalid.    Null. 

Ant.  Possessed.  Endued.  Furnished. 
Full.  Occupied.  Solid.  Substantial.  Rich. 
Valid.    Operative.    Good.    EfflcadoM, 

Volatile,  «((;.  VolatiUsjh-om 
volare,  to  fly. 

Stn.  Vaporizable.  Sublimable.  Dls- 
tillable.  Airy.  Spirituous.  Evaporating. 
Gay  Lively.  Flighty.  Capricious.  Irre- 
§olute. 

Art.  Fixed.  Solid.  Persistent.  Dull. 
Sombre.  Demure.  Steady.  Determined. 
Resolute,    Involalile. 

Volition,  u.  Low  Lat.  vdlitio, 
from  vvlo,  to  ivish. 


399 


Stn.  WilL  Choice.  Preference.  De- 
termination. Purpose.  Deliberation.  Freo- 
wUl. 

Ant.  Force.  Fate.  Necessity.  Me- 
chanism. Compulsion.  Predestination. 
Coercion. 

Voluble,  adj.  Voluhills,  vol- 
vere,  to  roll. 

Sin.  Rolling.  Running.  Coursing. 
Fluent.     Rapid.     Loquacious.    Glib. 

Ant.  Stagnant.  Cneping.  Tardy.  Slow 
Sluggish.  Lazy.  Torpid.  Hesitating.  Tar- 
diloquent.    Stammering.    Stuttering. 

Volume,  n.  Volumen,  volvcrc, 
to  roll.  Its  technical  sense  oi 
book  is  derived  from  the  fact 
that  the  early  books  were  manu- 
script rolls. 

Syn.  Size.  Body.  Bulk.  Magnitude. 
Compass.    Quantity. 

Ant.  Dirainutiveness.  Tenuity.  Mi- 
nuteness.   Smallness. 

Voluntary,  adj.  Voluntas, 
the  will. 

Syn.  Deliberate.  Spontaneous.  Free. 
Optional.    Discretional. 

Ant.  Compulsory.  Coercive.  Necessi- 
tated.   Involuntary. 

Volunteer,  v.  tr.  See  Vo- 
luntary. 

Sy-n.  Offer.    Proffer.    Tend.    Originate. 
Ant.  Withhold.    Refuse.    Suppress. 

Voluptuous,  adj.      Voluptas, 

pleasure.  ^ 

Syn.    Sensual.     Luxurious.     Self-indul- 


denying.    Ascetic.    Sober. 

Voracious,  adj.  Vwax,  vo- 
rare,  to  devour. 

Stn.  Hungry.  Absorbent.  Ravenous. 
Rapacious.  Insatiate.  Omnivorous.  Gor- 
mandizing. 

Ant.  Epicurean.  Squeamish.  Fafiti- 
dious.    Delicate.    Dainty.    Nice. 

Vouch,  v.  int.  Nom.  Fr.  vou- 
cher. Lat.  vocare,  to  call,  i.e.,  in 
order  to  witness.  Used  with  the 
prep.  for. 

Syk.    Attest.  Undertake.  Promise. 

Assure.    Warrant.  Vow. 

Ant.    Demur.  Repudiate.  Decline. 

Abnegate.    Abjure.  Renounce.  Protest. 

VoLCHSAFK,  V.  ir.    See  Vouch. 


400 


Primarily,  to  vouch  that  another 
shall  be  'safe,  that  is,  held  harm- 
less. But  as  none  but  a  supe- 
rior could  do  this,  to  vouchsafe 
came  to  mean  to  grant  "u^th  the 
condescension  of  a  superior. 

Syn.  Grant.  Accede.  Concede.  Con- 
descend. 

Ant.  Refuse.    Withbold.    Deny. 

Yow,  V.  tr.  Fr.  vouer,  Lat. 
vovere,  votum.     See  Touch. 

YtTLGAE,  adj.  Vulgaris,  vulgus, 
the  commooi  people. 

SvN.  Popular.  "General  Loose.  Ordi- 
nary. Public.  Vernacular.  Plebeian.  Un- 
cultivated. Unrefined.  Low.  Mean. 
Coarse.    Underbred. 

A>T.  Strict.  Scientific.  Philosophical. 
Restricted.  Technical.  Accurate.  Patri- 
cian. Select.  Choice.  Cultivated.  P.e- 
fined.  Polite.  High-bred.  Stylish.  Aris- 
tocratic. 

YULNERABLE,  adj.  Vulnera- 
I'ilis,  vulniis,  eris,a  wound. 

SvN.  Assailable.  Weak.  Exposed. 
Tender.    Delicate. 

Ant.  Unassailable.  Impregnable.  In- 
vulnerable. 


Synonyms  and  Aniomjms. 


W. 


"\Vagk8,  >!.  Used  in  plm-al. 
Old  Fr.  wager,  wagier,  New  Fr. 
gager,  of  'which  the  root  is  the 
Gothic  vadi,  which  became  the 
Low  Lat.  vadium,  wadium,  and 
guadium,  a  pledge  or  engagerneiif. 

Syn.  Remuneration.  Hire.  Compensa- 
tion.   Stipend.    Salary.    Allowance. 

Akt.  Gratuity.  Douceur.  Premium. 
Bonus.    Grace. 

"Wait,  v.  int.  Old  Fr.  u-aiter, 
gaiter, gaitier,  andgueittr.  Conn, 
with  the  Germ,  wachten,  and  the 
Eng.  watch. 

Stk.  Stay.  Tarry.  Rest  Stop.  Abide. 
Expect. 

AST.  Speed.    Hasten.    Press. 

AVaive,  V.  tr.  Same  word  as 
wave,  though  used  in  a  peculiar 

Bense. 


Stn.  Forego.    Abandon.    Remit. 
Drop.    Relinquish. 

ANT  Press.  Urge.  Enforce.  A-seert 
Claim.    Vindicate. 

Wake,  v.  tr.  and  ird.  Ang. 
Sax.  wacan,  luacian,  wacigan, 
wacigean,  and,  in  the  transitive 
sense,  tveccan,  weccean,  and  dwec- 
can. 

Stn.  Rouse.  Suscitate.  Excite.  Re- 
animate. Revive.  Awake.  AVatch.  ReveL 
Evoke.    Summon.    Provoke.    Call. 

Ant.  Soothe.  Allay.  Appease.  Lay. 
Hush.  Lullaby.  Mesmerize.  TranqniiUse. 
Quiet. 

Wan,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  wann. 
worm,  wan,  won.  Properly,  worn 
out  by  toU,  from  u-innan,  to 
labour. 

Stn.  Pale.  Livid.  Lurid.  Dusky. 
Bloodless.    Haggard. 

Atrr.  Fresh-coloured.  Lively.  Bright, 
Incarnadine.    Sanguine.    Chubby. 

Wander,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax. 
wandrian,  wandorian.  It  has 
both  a  general  sense  and  the 
particular  sense  of  deviating  from 
a  given  point,  course,  or  subject 
of  thought. 

Syn.  Ramble.  R.inge.  Stroll.  Rove. 
E.xpatiate.  Roam.  Deviate.  Stray.  De- 
part. Err.  Swerve.  Straggle.  Saunter. 
>"avigate.    Circumnavigate,     iravel. 

AST.  Rest.  Stop.  Perch.  Bivouac 
Halt.  Lie.  Anchor.  Alight.  Settle. 
Moor.    Pause.    Repose. 

Wane,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax. 
wanian,  ivonian. 

Syn.  F.-ide.  Pale.  Decrease.  Diminish. 
DecUne.  Fail.  Siik.  Ebb.  Deteriorate. 
Recede.  Pine.  Droop.  Attenuate.  Con- 
tract. 

Ant.  Brighten.  Increase.  Improve. 
Mend.  Advance.  RaUy.  Develop.  Re- 
cover.   Expand. 

Want,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  vxxnian, 
Eng.  wane. 

Syn.  Deficiency.  Lack.  Failure.  In- 
sufficiency. Scantinp.«is.  Shortness.  Omis- 
sion. Keglecu  Non-production.  Ab- 
sence. 

Ant.  Supply.  Sufllcieney.  VwiUUAX 
Abundance.  Production.  Allowance.  Sojt*- 
plemeut     Adequacy. 


Synonyms  and  xintonyms. 


401 


Wanton, adj.  ^cishgunntan, 
apt  to  scp'iratp,  fidxlf. 

Syn.  Wandering.  Roving.  Sportive. 
Playful.  Frolicsome.  Loose.  Unre- 
strained. Irregular,  Licentious.  Dissolute 
Inconsiderate.    Heedless.    Gratuitous. 

Ant.  Stivtionary.  Unroving.  Unspor- 
tive.  Unplayful.  UnfroUcsome.  Joy 
less.  Thoughtful.  Demure.  Sedate.  Dis 
creet.  Staid.  Selfcontrolled.  Well-resu 
latcd.  Formal.  Austere.  Purposed.  Deli' 
berate.    Cold-blooded.    Determined. 

Ward,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  wear- 
dian,  to  keep,  Old  Fr.  warder, 
garder,  guarder.  Another  form 
of  guard. 

Sto.  Watch.    Guard.     Fend.    Repel. 
Ant.  Betray.    Surrender.    Admit. 

Warfaeh,  n.  Old  Fr.  guerre, 
and/are  (faire),  to  go  or  proceed. 
The  condition  of  war. 

Syn.  War.  Hostilities.  Antagonism. 
Campaign.    Engagement.    Belligerence. 

Ant.  Peace.  Truce.  Pacification.  Ac- 
commodation. Reconciliation.  Armistice. 
Neutrality.    Friendliness. 

Warlike,  adj.    War  and  like. 

Syn.  Military.    Martial.     Belligerent. 
Ant.  Peaceful.    Civil.    Unwarllke.    Pa- 
cific.   Unmilitary. 

Warm,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  wcarm. 
See  Warmth. 

Syn.  Calescent.  Blood-warm.  Thermal. 
Genial.  Irascible.  Hot.  Ardent.  Eager. 
Excited.    Interested.    Animated. 

Ant.  Frigid.  Cold.  Tepid.  Starved. 
Indifferent.  CooL  Unexcited.  Passion- 
less. 

Warmth,  n.    See  Warm. 

Syn.  Incalescence.  Ardour.  Glow 
Fervour.  Zeal.  Heat.  E.xcitement. 
Earnestness.  Cordiality.  Animation. 
Eagerness.  Vehemence.  Geniality.  Sin- 
cerity. Passion.  Irascibility.  Emotion. 
Life. 

Ant.  Frigidity.  Frost.  Congelation. 
Iciness.  Coldness.  Calmness.  Coolness. 
Indifference.  Torpidity.  Insensitiveness. 
Apathy.  Slowness.  Ungeniality.  Insin- 
cerity. Passionlessness.  Hypocrisy,  Good- 
temper.    Death. 

Warn,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  war- 
nian.    Allied  to  ware  and  wary. 

Stn.  Premonish.  Moiiish.  Admonish. 
Notify.    Dissuade.    Deter.     Alarm. 

AST.  Br.jourage.  Incite.  iastigate. 
Induce. 


Warning,  n.    See  Warn. 

Warp,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Aug. 
Sax.  wcorpan,  to  throw  or  twist. 

Syn.  Turn.  Twist.  Shrink.  Give 
Contort.  Bias.  Unhinge.  Distort.  Preju- 
dice.   Corrupt.    Narrow.    Pervert. 

Ant.  Siand.  Hold.  Direct.  Guid-. 
Control.  Correct.  Regulate.  Train.  Con- 
duct.   Rectify.    Expand. 

Warrant,  v.  tr.  Old  Fr 
waranter,  garanter,  f/iiarantir. 

Stn.  Secure.  Undertake.  Engage.  Su[)- 
port.    Justify.    Assure. 

Ant.  Imperil.  P^ndanger.  Repudiate. 
Nullify.     Invalidate. 

Warranty,  n.    See  Warrant. 

Wary,  adj  Ang.  Sax.  war, 
war,  Germ,  geuxihr,  aware.  Ex- 
hibiting the  caution  of  experi- 
ence or  suspicion. 

Stn.  Suspicious.  Cautious.  Watchful. 
Guarded.    Circumspect. 

Ant.  Unwary.  Unsuspecting.  Incautious. 
Invigilant.  Unwatchful.  Unguarded.  Uncir- 
cumspect.    Heedless. 

Wash,  v.  tr.  The  intransitive 
sense  being  somewhat  colloquial. 
Ang.  Sax.  ivase,  gewasc. 

Sth.  Lave.    Rinse.    Absterge. 

Ant.  Soil.    Foul.    Contaminate. 

Washy,  adj.  See  Wash.  Used 
metaphorically. 

Stn.  Weak.  Vapid.  Diluted.  Spirit 
less.    Pointless. 

Ant.  Vigorous.  Nervous.  Forcible 
Pregnant.    Trenchant.    I^ungent. 

Waste,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  westan. 

Stn.  Ruin.  Destroy.  Devastate,  im- 
pair. Consume.  Squander.  Dissipate. 
Lavish.  Desolate.  Pine.  Decay.  At- 
tenuate. Dwindle.  Shrivel.  Wither. 
Wane. 

Ant.  Restore.  Repair.  Conserve.  Pre- 
serve. Perpetuate.  Protect,  Husband, 
Economize.  Utilize.  Hoard.  Treasure. 
Accumulate.  Enrich.  Flourish.  Luxuriate. 
Multiply.    Augment.    Develop. 

Watch,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Alhed, 
through  the  Sax.  wacian,  to 
wake. 

Stn.  Wait.  Wake.  Contemplate.  Ob» 
serve.    Note.    Tend.    9uard. 

Ant.  Disregard.  Overlook.  ltfl«)b< 
serve. 

2o 


402 


WATcnFTi,  adj.    See  Watch. 

SiT!.  \'i(;iiat.t.  Kxpectant.  Wakeful. 
Heeilfiil.  Careful.  Observant.  Attentive 
Circiimspect.    Wary.    Cautious. 

Ant.  Unwatchful.  invigilant.  Un- 
wakefuL  Slumbrous.  Prowsy.  Heedless. 
Careless.  InobservMnt.  Inattentive.  Un- 
ciroimspect.  Unwary.  Incautious.  Dis- 
tiacted. 

Waver,  v.  inf.  Ang.  Sax. 
imfinn,  with  the  same  meaBing 
as  the  Dutch  tuei/elen,  and  the 
Mod.  Germ,  waberev,  to  waver, 
totter,  hesitate.  So  the  word  is 
not  to  be  associated  etymologi- 
cal ly  with  wave. 

Stn.  Hesitate.  Dubitate.  Fluctuate. 
Halt.     Vacillate.     Alternate. 

Ant.  Determine.  Decide.  Rest.  Repose. 

Settle.  ^ 

Wayward,  adj.      Aug.    Sax.' 
ivcewdrdlzce,  ivantonly,  from  vxa, 
woe,  malice.    The  word  expresses 
the    self-will    which     tends    to 
harm. 

Stn.  Wilful.  Froward.  Perverse.  Ro- 
fractory. 

Ant.  Docile.    Manageable.    Amenable. 

Wkak,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  wac, 
from  wkan,  to  yield  or  totter. 

Syn.  Feeble.  Infirm.  Powerless.  De- 
nile.  Fragile.  Incompact.  Inadhesive. 
Pliant.  Frail.  Soft.  Tender.  Destructi- 
ble. Watery.  Diluted.  Imbecile.  Ineffi- 
cient. Spiritless.  Foolish.  Injudicious. 
Unsound.  Undecided.  Unconfirmed 
Wavering.  Impressible.  Ductile.  Easy. 
Malleable.  Unconvincing.  Inconclusive. 
Vapid.    Pointless. 

Ant.  Strong.  Vigorous.  Robust.  Mus- 
eal«r.  Nervous.  Powerful.  Tough.  SiouL 
Lusly.  Sturdy.  Compact.  Adhesive.  Rp- 
Hstent.  Fibrous.  Hard.  Indestructlhle. 
I'otent.  Intoxicating.  Kfficient.  Spirited 
Anmiated.  Wise.  Sound.  Judicious.  Co- 
geni.  Valid.  Decided.  Determined.  Un- 
wavering. Stubborn.  Unyielding.  In- 
e.xorable.  Conclusive.  Irresi^tible.  Forci- 
ble.   Telling. 

Weaken,  v.  tr.    See  Weak. 

Syn.  Debilitate.  Knfeeble.  Enervate 
Diiut*'.    Impair. 

A»r.  Strengthen.  Invigorate.  Em- 
power.   Corroborate.    Confirm. 

Weakness,  n.    See  Weak. 

Stw.  Debility.  Feebleness.  Enervation. 
IWuUon,    Impairment.     Languor.     Imbe- 


Synomjins  and  Autonyms. 


I  cjHty.     Infirmity.      Decrrpitude.     Frailty. 

I  Famtness.      Inconclusiveness.      AVorthles*. 
ness.     Want. 

Ant.  Strength.  Power.  Nerve.  Spirit, 
Renovation.  Vigour.  Lustiness.  Tone 
Cogency.  Activity.  Conclusiveness.  Effi- 
ciency.   Value.    Abundance. 

Wealth,  v.  Originally  used 
in  the  sense  of  weal,  from  which 
it  is  derived, 

Stn.  Influence.  Riches.  Abundance. 
Opulence. 

Akt.  Indigence.  Poverty.  Scarcity. 
Impecuniosity. 

Wean,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  toen- 
tiian,  wennav,  to  accustom,  wean. 
The  English  is,  however,  em- 
ployed in  the  following  senses  : — 

Syn.  Disaccustom.  Disliabituate.  De- 
I  tach.    Alienate.    Withdraw.    Ablacute. 

Ant.  Accustom.  Habituate.  Inure. 
Reconcile.  Attach.  Associate.  Conciliate. 
Enlist.    Draw.    Attract. 

Weapon,?!.  Aug.  ^bx.  locrptn. 

Stw.  Instrument.  Implement.  Utensil, 
Arm. 

Ant.  Shift.    Makeshift.    Contrivance. 

Wear,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  werian,  werigean,  weran  to 
carry  or  ?«mr,  as,  arms  or  clothes ; 
hence  the  derived  sense  of  to  im- 
pair by  use. 

Syn.    Carry.     Bear.     Exhibit  Sport 

Consume,  iton.  Waste.  Impair.  Rub. 
Channel.  Groove.  Excavate.  Hollow. 
Diminish. 

Ant.  Doflf.  Abandon.  Repair.  Reno- 
vate. Renew,  increase.  SwelL  Aug- 
I  ment. 

Weary,  adf.  Ang.  Sax.  toeriff. 
\  In  old  use  it  had  an  active  sense 
j  sometimes,  though  seldom  now 
j  employed,  as  a  weary  way,  mean- 
I  ing  a  tedious  or  laborious 
i  journey. 

[       Syn.  Fatigued.  Tired.  Exhausted.  Worn. 

Jaded.      Debilitated.      SpenU     Toil-worn, 

Faint. 
I       Ant.  Fresh.   Vigorous.   Recruiled.    Re- 

i  novated.    Hearty. 
Weave,  v.   tr.      Aug.    Sax. 
ivefan. 
'Stn.  Interlace.    Braid.   Intertwine.  In. 
termix.    Plait.    Complicate.    Intersect 
Ant.    Unravel.       Untwist 


Si/noiipns  and  Antonyms, 


403 


ajentangle.      blxtvicate      Simplify.     Eaa- 
cle»te.    Dissect. 

Wbb,  ?t.     »SVe  Weave. 

Whd,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  wed- 
rJidv,  to  covenant,  promise,  ivd. 
Only  used  abstractedly  in  the 
intransitive  sense,  but  meta- 
phorically in  the  transitive. 

Syn.  l.iii'k.     Marry.     Espouse. 
.\XT.  Separate.    Divorce. 

Wedlock,  n.  See  Wed.  TIV*?- 
lac,  from  wedd  and  lac,  a  gift  or 
offerinfi. 

Syn. 'Marriaste.  Matrimony.  Espoii.sals. 
Nuptials.    Coverture.     Matcli. 

Akt.  Celibacy.  Singleness.  IMisugamy. 
Divorce. 

Wkight,  n.  Aug.  Sax.  n-ild, 
(jev'iht. 

SvN.  (iravity.  Ponderosity.  ne:iviness. 
Pressure.  Burden.  Importance.  Power. 
Influence.  Efficacy.  Consequence.  iVIo- 
ment.    Impressiveness. 

Ant.  Lightness.  Levity.  Portableness. 
Alleviation.  Unimportance.  Insitmifi- 
jance.  Weakness.  InelTicacy.  Un  im- 
pressiveness.   Triviality.    Worthlessuess. 

Welcome,  n.    Well  and  come. 

Syn.  Reception.    Salutation. 
ANT.  Repudiation.    Repulsion. 

Welcome,  adj.     See  voitn. 

Syn.  Gratetul.  Acceptable.  Pleasant. 
Agreeable. 

Ant.  Unwelcome.  Ungrateful.  Un- 
acceptable. Disiastelul.  Unpli'usant.  Dis- 
agreeable. 

Welfare,  ».  Well  and  fare, 
to  go  or  proceed. 

Syn.  \V'ellbHiiig.  Prosperity.  Happi- 
iess.    Luck.    Thrill. 

Ant.  Adversity.  Reverse.  Unsuccess. 
ITniirosperousness.  Unhuppiness.  iU-lucli. 
Harm.    Hurt. 

Wheedle,  v.  tr.  Perhaps  from 
the  Ang.  Sax.  luddlian,  to  be  poor, 
to  beg,  unless  we  suppose  a  purely 
phonetic  origin  for  the  word,  as 
imitative  of  some  coaxing  sound. 

Stn.  Coax.  Cajole.  Decoy.  Flatter. 
Kntioe. 

Ant.  Deter.  Chide.  Scare.  Undeceive. 
Disabuse. 

Vv'HLT,  I'.  f:\       Aug.  Sax    hwet- 


itan,   to  sharpen.      Used    meta- 
phorically. 
Stn.  Sharpen.    Incite.    Stim';?ate. 
Ant.  Blunt.     Pall     Deaden.     Satiate, 
I  Nauseate. 

Whimsical,  adj.  Perhaps 
from  the  Welsh  chwim,  a  brisk 
motion. 

Stn.  Freakish.  Capricious.  Fanciful 
Fantastic.    g\iaiut.     Droll.     Farcical. 

Ant.  Staid.  Serious.  Sober.  Orderly 
Demure.     Sedate. 

Whole  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  Idl, 
whence  Eng.  hale,  sound,  healthy. 

Syn.  Total.  Entire.  Complete.  Sound. 
Healthy.  i'erfcct.  Unimpaired.  Undi- 
mini>hed.    Integral.    Undivided.    Gross. 

Ant.  Partial.  Imperfect.  Incomplete. 
Unsiiund.  Sick.  Impaired.  Diminished. 
Fractional.     Divided.     Sectional. 

Whole,  n.     See  adjective. 
Wholesome,  adj.    See  V/hole. 
Tending  to  health. 

Stn.  Health lul.  Salubrious.  Salutary. 
Salutiferous.     Beneficial. 

Ant.  Unhealthy.  Unhealtbfnl.  Insalu- 
brious. Insalutary.  Prejudicial.  Un- 
wholesome, Deleterious.  DetrimeutaL 
M.jrbiflc. 

Wicked  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  vjic- 
cian,  to  bewitch.  As  if  crimes 
were  attributed  to  some  evil  in- 
fluence or  enchantment. 

Syn.  Kvil.  Bad.  Godless.  Sinful.  Im- 
moraL  Iniquitous.  CriminaL  Unjust. 
Unrighteous.  Irreligious.  Profane.  Un- 
godly. Vicious.  Atrocious.  Nefarious. 
Heinous.  Flagitious.  Abandoneil.  Cor- 
rupt. 

Ant.  Good.  Virtuous,  .lust.  Godly. 
Moral.  Religious.  Upright.  Honest.  Pure. 
Honourable.  Incorrupt.  Sinless.  Spotless. 
Immaculate.    Stainless. 

Wield,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax. 
weoldav,  waldau,  to  ride. 

.Stn.  Manage.  Handle.  Employ.  Sway. 
Brandish. 

Ant.  Mismanage.  Misemploy.  Discard. 
Resign.  Depose.  Surrender.  Deposit.  Ab» 
dicaie. 

Wild,  adj.  Ang.  Sax.  wild 
Used  in  many  analogous  senses. 

Stn.  Untami-d.  Undomesticated.  Ui\- 
<ultivate<l.  Uninhabited.  Desert.  Savage. 
Unciviliz'-d.  Unrefined.  Rude.  Ferocioas, 
Untrained.     Viol  iit.    Ferine      Tnrbulect. 


404 


Si/nonijms  and  Antonyms. 


Ungovcmcd.  Inordinate.  Disorderly.  Chi- 
merical. Visionary.  Incoherent  Raving. 
Distracted.    Haggard. 

Ant.  Tame.  Domesticated.  Cultivated. 
Inhabited.  Frequented.  Populous.  Civi- 
lized. Pcjlite.  Rcfiued.  Reclaimed.  Gentle. 
Mild.  Subdued.  Regulated.  Orderly. 
Rational.  Collected.  Coherent.  Sane. 
Sober.    Sensible.    Calm.    Trim. 

Wile,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  ivile,  of 
■which  another  form  is  gtnle, 
through  the  Old  Fr.  guile.  It 
generally  implies  a  covert  aim  at 
others'  hurt. 

Stn.  Guile.  Craft.  Cunning.  Artifice. 
Art.  Device.  Machination.  Plot.  Design. 
Stratagem. 

Ant.  Openness.  Candour.  Ingenuous- 
ness. Friendliness.  Franlmess.  Artless- 
ness. 

Wilful,  adj.  Will  and  full. 
Either  according  to  the  will,  as 
distinct  from  accidental,  or  with 
too  much  of  self,  and  so  self- 
willed. 

SvN.  Purposed.  Deliberate.  Desigtied. 
Intentional.  Prepense.  Premeditated.  Pre- 
concerted. Wayward.  Refractory.  Stub- 
born.   Self-wilied.     Headstrong. 

Ant.  Undesigned.  Accidental.  Unin- 
tentional. Unpremeditated.  Docile.  Obe- 
dient. Amenable.  Manageable.  Deferen- 
tial.   Considerate.    Thoughtful. 

Win,  v.  tr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  ivonnan,  to  strive,  labour, 
Jight,  gain. 

Stn.  Allure.  » Procure.  Gain.  Obtain. 
Conciliate.    Earn.    Succeed.    Conquer. 

Ant.  Repel.  Forfeit.  Miss.  Alienate. 
Fail. 

Winning,  aJj.    See  Win. 

Syn.  Alluring.  Engaging.  Attractive. 
Sfduclive. 

Ant.  Repulsive.  Unpleaslng.  Unat- 
tractive.    Unwinning. 

Winnow,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax. 
toindevian,  to  fan. 

Stn.  Sift.  Simplify.  Eliminate.  Dis- 
rinciimber.    Sort. 

A.NT.  Confuse.  Amalgamate.  Confound. 
Intermi.x. 

Wisdom,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  wisdom., 
irom  ivis,  wise,  and  the  termi- 
native  dom,  of  prevalence, 

SvN.    Knowlcdjfx      Erudition.      I>cam- 


ing.  Enlightenment.  Attainment.  Infonnn 
I  tion.  Discernment.  Judgment.  Sagacity 
Prudence.    Light. 

Ant.  Ignorance.  Illit«ratenes8.  Sciolism 
Empiricism.  Smattering.  InacquainUinca 
Indlscernment.  Injudiciousness.  Folly 
Imprudence.    DariJiess. 

Wise,  adj.    See  Wisdom. 

Wit,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  wit,  witt, 
gewitt. 

SiTi.  Mind.  Intellect  Sense.  Reason. 
Understanding.    Humour.    Ingenuity. 

Ant.  Mindlcs.sness.  Senselessness. 
Irrationality.  Dulness.  Stolidity.  Stupi- 
dity. Doltishness.  Wash.  Vapidity.  In- 
anity.   Platitude.    Commonplace. 

Withdraw,  v.  tr.  and  int. 
With  and  di'aw. 

Stn.  Retrsct.  Recal.  Revoke.  Wrest 
Retreat.    Retire.    R"cede. 

Ant.  Offer.  Proffer.  Propound.  Pro- 
duce.    Afford.     Coiilirm.     Reiterate.    Re* 

peat. 

Wither,  v.  fr.  and  int.  Ang. 
Sax.  ivyderu,  dryness. 

bTN.  Shrivel.  Diy.  Collapse.  Shrink. 
Blast.    Blight 

Ant.  Swell.  Grow.  Freshen.  Luxu- 
riate. Wanton  Rciresh.  K.xjiaud.  De- 
velop. 

Withhold,  v.  tr.  With,  hav- 
ing the  sense  of  with  one's  self, 
and  so  against,  or  prohibitory 
to  another,  and  hold. 

Stn.  Retain  Keep.  Inhibit  Conibit 
Slay.    Restrain.    Refuse.    Stint. 

Ant.  Grant.  Affcjrd.  Furnish.  Pro- 
vide. Allow.  Permit.  Encourage.  Inciter 
Concide.    Lavish. 

W^ithstand,  V.  tr.  and  int. 
With,  as  in  withhold,  and  stand. 

Stn.   Oppose.    Resist.    Confront    Face. 
Ant.    Yield.    Surrender.    Submit     Ac- 
quiesce.      Countenance.      Support      En« 
j  courage.    Aid.    Abet     Back. 

I  Witness,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  intness, 
'  gtwtt)iess,  from  tvitan,  to  know. 
I  Stn.  Attestation.  Testimony.  Evi- 
dence. Corroboration.  Cognizance.  Conn- 
borator.  Eye-witness.  Ear-witness.  Spec* 
tator.    Auditor.    Testifier.    Voucher. 

Ant.  Invalidation.  Incogiiizance.  RefuUv 
tion.  ignorance.  Alien.  Ignoramus.  Stranff?v. 

Wit::y,  adj.    See  Wit 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


405 


Wok,  n.    Ang.  Sax.  u-a. 

Syn.  (irief.  Sorrow.  Misery.  Cala- 
mity. Affliction  Distress.  Disaster. 
Trouble.    Malediction.    Curse. 

Ant.  Joy.  Gladness.  Comfort.  Boon. 
Happiness.  Prosperity.  Weal.  Btncdic- 
tion.    Blessing. 

Wonder,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  ^oio/- 
der.  Used  for  the  feeling  of 
wonder,  and  anything  wliich  may 
excite  it. 

Stn.  Amazement.  Astonishment.  Sur- 
prise. Admiration.  Phenomenon.  Pro- 
digy.   Portent.     Miracle.    Sign.     Marvel. 

Ant.  Inastonishment.  Indifference. 
Apathy.  Unamazeraent.  AnticipaUon. 
Expectation.    Familiarity.    Triviality. 

Wonderful,  adj.  See  Won- 
der. 

Syn.  Amazing.  Astxmishing.  Surpris- 
ing. Startling.  Awful.  Prodigious.  Por- 
tentous. Marvellous.  Miraculous.  Super- 
natural.   Unprecedented. 

Ant.  Unamazing.  Unastonishing.  Un- 
surprising. Common.  Every-day.  Regu- 
lar. Normal.  Customary.  Usual.  E.x- 
pected.  Anticipated.  Calculated.  Current. 
Natm-al.    Unwonderful.    Unmarvellous. 

Wont,  n.  Ang.  Sax.  woned, 
from  ivon,  wone,  to  dwell,  whence 
mima,  custom. 

Syn.  Rule.    Custom.    Use.    Habit. 

Ant.  E.Hceplion.  Deviation.  Disuse 
Desuetude. 

Word,  n.    Ang.  Sax.  word. 

Stk.  Term.    Expression. 
Ant.  Idea.    Conception. 

Work,  ou  Ang.  Sax.  weorc, 
v}erc,  wore.  Used  for  labour,  and 
the  result  of  it. 

Syn.  Exertion.  Effort.  Toil.  Labour. 
Employment.  Perfurmance.  Production. 
Product.  Efifcct.  Result.  Achievement. 
Composition.    Operation.    Issue.     Fruit. 

Ant.  Effortlessness.  Inertia.  Rest. 
Inoperativeness.  Non-employment.  Non- 
perlormance.  Non-production.  Abortion. 
Miilcarriage.  Frustration.  Neutralization. 
Fruitlessness. 


Worry,  v.  tr.    Dutch  ivorgcn, 
luargen,  to  throttle. 

Stn.  Harass.  Importune.  Vex.  JIo- 
lest.  Annoy.  Tea^e.  Torment.  Dis-  , 
qniit.  ] 

AST.  Soothe.     Calm.     Gratify.     Please.  , 
Amusi'.    (juiet. 


Worship,  o.  tr.     Woi-th  and 

the  termination  ship. 

Syn.  Adore.    Reverence.    Revere. 
Ant.  Abominate.    Loathe.    Contemn. 

Worship,  n.     See  verb. 

Worth,  ».  Ang.  Sax.  wconlh, 
wyrdli,  wurdh. 

Stn.  Value.  Ha+e.  Estimate.  Cost. 
Prise.    Merit.    Desert.    Excellence. 

Ant.  Inappreciableness.  Cheapness. 
Worthlessness.    Demerit. 

Worthless,  adj.    See  Worth. 

Stn.  Cheap.  Vile.  Valueless.  Useless. 
Base.  Contemptible.  Despicable.  Repro- 
bate.   Vicious. 

Ant.  Costly.  Rich.  Rare.  Valuable. 
Worthy.  Useful.  Honourable.  Estimable. 
Excellent.  Noble.  Precious.  Admirable. 
Virtuous. 

Worthy,  adj.  See  Worth- 
less. 

Wound,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax. 
ivund. 

Syn.  Rend.  Cut.  Hurt.  Injure. 
Harm.  Damage.  Pain.  Mortify.  Annoy. 
(Jail.     Irritate.    Lacerate. 

Ant.  Heal.  Sooth(>.  Allay.  Repair. 
Mollify.    Soften.    Gratify.    Please. 

Wrangle,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax. 
wringan,  to  ivrest  or  wring,  Low 
Germ,  wranqen,  to  ivrestle. 

SvN.  Altercate.  Bicker.  Brawl.  Jangle. 
Ontend. 

Ant.  Converse.  Confabulate.  Harmo- 
nize.   Accord. 

Wrap,  v.  tr.  Prob.  allied  to 
warp.  ,  ^  ,^ 

Sth.  Wind.  Fold.  Involve.  Infold. 
Envelop.    Encumber. 

Ant.  Unwind.  Unfold.  Develop.  Un- 
wrap.   Eliminate. 

Wrath,  n.    Ang.  Sax.  tvrcsdh. 

Syn.  Ire.    Passion.    Rage.     Fury.    An- 
ger.   Exasperation.  ^^  ,■  . . 
Ant.  Gratification.     Approval.     Delight. 
Appeasement.    Pacification.    Reconciliation 
Compassion.    Leniency.    Mercy. 


Wretched,  adj.  Ang.  Sax. 
wrecca,  ivracai,  a  vagrant  or  exile. 

Stn.  Miserable.  Debased.  Humiliated. 
Fallen.  Ruined.  Pitiable.  Mean.  Paltry. 
Worthless.  Vile.  Despicable.  Contempt- 
ible. Sorrowful.  Affli..t<d.  Melancholy 
Dejected. 


406 


Synonyms  and  Antonyms. 


AXT.  Flourishing.  Pi'osporous.  Happy. 
Unfallen.  Admirablp.  Noble.  Honour- 
ablP.  Worthy.  Valuable.  Euviable. 
Joym-i.    Felicitous.    Elated. 

M''rong,  ci'lj.  Allied  to  wring, 
as  if  wrung  from  the  right. 

Syn.  Unfit.  Unsuitable.  Improper. 
;Mi8tjil<en.  Incorrect.  Erroneous.  Unjust. 
Illegal.  Inequitable.  Immoral.  Injurious. 
Awry. 

Ant.  Fit.  Suitable.  Proper.  Correct. 
Accurate.  Kight.  Just,  Legal.  Equit- 
able.   Fair,    floral.    Beneficial.    Straight. 

Wby,  adj.  Dan.  vrie,  vride,  to 
bend. 

Sy.v.  Atwist.  Contorted.  Distorted. 
Deformed.     Deranged. 

Ant.  Straight.  Right.  .Just.  Fit.  I 
I'rojior.    Shapely.    Comely. 


Yoke,  v.  tr.  Ang.  Sax.  yecy., 
jnc,  fur.  Used  metaphorically 
for  to  fasten  as  by  a  yoke,  or  to 
reduce  as  under  a  yoke. 

Stn.  Couple.  Connect.  Link.  Enslava 
Subjugate. 

Ant.  Dissever.  Divorce.  Disconnect 
Liberate.  Release.  Manumit.  Enfran- 
chise. 

Youthful,  adj.  Ang.  Sax. 
geoqudh,  with  other  fonns. 
Youth. 

Stn.  Juvenile.  Young.  Early.  Fresh. 
Beardles-f. 

AiTT.  Aged.  Senile.  Mature.  Decrepit. 
Decayed.  Venerable.  Antiquated.  Super- 
annuated. 


Yearn,  v.  int.  Ang.  Sax.  geor- 
tiiu)),  gernan.  Conn.  Avith  earn. 
To  be  desii'ous.  Used  formerly 
in  the  sense,  now  obsolete,  of  to 
suflfer  grief  or  pain. 

SvN.  Long.     Hanker. 
Am.  Loathe.     Kevolu     Recoil     Shud- 
der. 

Yield,  v.  tr.  and  inf.  Ang. 
Sax.  gildan,  gddun,  to  ■pay. 

SvN.  Furnish.  Produce.  Afford.  Ren- 
der. Relinquish.  Resign.  Surrender.  Con- 
cede. Allow.  Grant.  Submit.  Consent. 
Agree. 

Ant.  Withdraw.  Withhold.  RptJiin. 
Deny.  Refuse.  Vindicate.  Assert.  Claim.  J 
Disallow.  Appropriate.  Resist.  Dissent. 
Pidlp.st.    Recalcitrate.    Struggle.    Strive.      I 


z. 

Zkal.     Fr.  zde,  It.  zelo,  Gr. 

SvN.  Ardour.  Interest.  Energy.  En- 
gagedness.  Heartiness.  Earnestness.  Fer- 
vour.   Enthusiasm. 

Ant.  Apathy  Indifference.  Torpor 
Coldness.  Carelessuesa.  Sluggishness.  In- 
coi-diality. 

Zealot,  n.    See  Zeal. 

SvN.  Partisan.  Bigot.  Enthusiast 
Fanatic. 

Ant.  Renegade.    Traitor.    Deserter. 

Zest,  ii.  Lat.  schist ns,  Gr. 
(TX'fTos,  ax^C^if,  to  split,  a  pieoo 
of  spice  or  peel  cut  or  split  to 
give  a  flavour. 

Syn.    Flavour.        Appetizer.        Relislu 
Sharpener.  Recommendation.  Enhancement 
Ant.  Distaste.    Disrelish.    Detriment. 


A 

CLASSIFIED  CATALOGUE 

OF 

SELECTED  WORKS 

INCLUDING  AN  ALPHABETICAL   LIST 
OF  BONN'S  LIBRARIES 

PUBLISHED    BY 

GEORGE  BELL  &  SONS 


LONDON  :   YORK  ST.,  COVKNT  GARDEN 

NEW  YORK:  66  FIFTH  AVENUE;  ^  BOMBAY 

CAMBRIDGE  :  DEIGHTON,  BELL  ^  CO. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

POETRY    3 

THE  ALDINE  POETS 7 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY       .        .        .  '     .        .        .  8 

STANDARD  BOOKS        12 

DICTIONARIES  AND  BOOKS  OF  REFERENCE      .         .  15 

ART  AND  ARCILEOLOGY 16 

THEOLOGY 20 

NAVAL  AND  ^HLITARY 23 

TECHNOLOGY 24 

SCIENCE 26 

PHILOSOPHY 27 

ECONOMICS  AND  FINANCE 28 

SPORTS  AND  GAMES 28 

ALL-ENGLAND  SERIES 30 

CLUE  SERIES 30 

FICTION ....  31 

BOOKS  FOR  THE  YOUNG a2 

ROYAL  NAVY  HANDBOOKS 34 

HELL'S  CATIIFLRAL  SERIES 35 

ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF    COHN'S  LIBRARIES   .       .  39 


^2^^  London,  January  1898. 

MESSRS.  BELL'S 
CLASSIFIED   CATALOGUE 

OF 

SELECTED  WORKS. 

*#*  Messrs.  Bell  will  be  f/lad  to  send  their   Complete  Catalocjuo, 

Catalogue  of  Bohris  Libraries,  or  Educatioiial  Catalocjue, 

to  any  address,  j^ost  free. 

POETRY. 

Aid6  (Hamilton).     Songs  without  Music.     3rd  edition.     With  ad- 
ditional PieccB.    Fcap.  8vo.  &x. 

Aldine  Edition  of  the  Poets.     See  List,  page  7. 

Barry  Cornwall.    English  Songs  and  Lyrics.    2nd  edition.    Fcap, 

8vo.  Gc. 
Bridges  (R.)     Shorter  Poems.     4th  edition.    Fcap.  8vo.  5s.  net. 
— . Eros    and    Psyche:    A   Poem   in   Twelve   Measures.      The 

Story  (lone  into  English  from  tho  Latin  of  Apiileius.      2nd  edition  revised, 

Fcap.  8vo.  5s.  net. 

'■  Prometheus  the  Firegiver.  [Out  of  j^riiit. 

-> A  Series  of  Plays.     Fcap.  -Ito.  printed  on  hand-made  paper, 

double  colnmns,  paper  wrappers,  each  2s.  6d.  net  (except  No.  8).     The  ei^'ht 

Plays  are  paged  consecutively,  and  are  intended  to  form  a  Volume  :— 

1.  NERO.  The  First  Part.  History  of  the  first  five  years  of  Nero's  reitru 
with  the  Murder  of  Britannicns  to  the  Death  of  Agrippina. 

[Out  of  print  at  present, 

2.  PALICIO.    A  Romantic  Drama  in  Five  Acts,  in  the  Elizabethan  manner. 

3.  THE  RETURN  OF  ULYSSES.  A  Drama  in  Five  Acts,  in  a  mixed 
manner. 

4.  THE  CHRISTIAN  CAPTIVES.  A  Tragedy  in  Five  Acts,  in  a  mixed 
manner,  without  change  of  scene. 

5.  ACHILLES  IN  SCYROS.  A  Drama  in  Five  Acts,  in  a  mixed  manner 
without  change  of  scene. 

6.  THE  HUMOURS  OF  THE  COURT.  A  Oomody  in  Three  Acta,  in  tho 
Spanish  manner. 

7.  THE  FEAST  OF  BACCHUS.  A  Comedy  lu  Five  Acts,  in  tho  Latin 
manner,  without  change  of  soene. 

8.  NERO.  Tho  Second  Part.  In  Five  Acts  :  comprislner  tho  Conspiracy  oE 
Piso  to  tho  Death  of  Seneca,  in  the  Elizabethan  manner.  3g.  net,  with  {jeueral 
title-page,  &o.,  for  the  volume. 

.  Achilles  in  Scyros.    New  Edition.     Fcp.  8vo.  2«.  6d.  net. 

Eden.    A  Cantata  in  Three  Acts,  set  to  muaio  by  C.  Villiers 


Stanford.    Words  only,  by  Robert  Bridges,    2s, 


4  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 

Brownings  Strafford.     With  Notes  by  E.  H.  Hickey,  and  an  Intro- 
duction by  S.  R.  Gardiner,  LL.D.    2nd  edition.    Crown  Svo.  2s.  6d. 
Handbook  to  Robert  Browning's  Works.     By  Mrs.  Sutherland 

'.)r\.     7tb  edition,  witli  bibliography.     Fcap.  8vo.  Cs. 

Stories    from    Robert    Browning.      By  Frederic    M.    Holland. 
With  an  Introduction  by  Mrs.  Sutherland  Orr.    Wide  fcap.  4s.  6<1. 

Calverley  (C.  S.)    Works  by  the  late  C.  S.  Calverley,  M.A„  late  Fellow 
of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge. 

New  and  Cheaper  uniform  Edition  in  4  vols.     Crown  Svo.  5,s.  each. 
Vol.  I.   LITERARY   REM.ilXS,   with  Portrait  and  Memoli-.     Edited  by 

Sir  Walter  J.  Sendall.  K.C.M.G. 
Vol.  II.  VERSES  AND  FLY  LEAVES. 
Vol.  III.  TRANSLATIONS  into  English  and  Latin. 
Vol.  IV.  THEOCRITUS,  in  English  Verse. 

Original  Editions. 
FLY  LEAVES.     17th  edition.     Fcap.  Svo.  3s.  6a. 
VERSES  AND  TRANSLATIONS.     15th  edition.     Fcap.  Svo.  5>-. 

De  Vere  (Sir  Aubrey).     Mary  Tudor  :  an  Historical  Drama,  in  Two 

Parts.     By  the  late  Sir  Aubrey  De  Vere.     New  edition.    Fcap.  Svo.  5s. 

De  Vere   (Sir   Stephen).      Translations   from  Horace.      By   Sir 
Stephen  E.  De  Vere,  Bart.     3rd  edition  enlarged.     Imperial  16mo.  7s.  6d.  net. 

Endymion  Series  (The). 

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Anting  Fell.  With  an  Introduction  by  Professor  Walter  Raleigh,  M.A. 
Post  8\o.  78.  6d. 

Poems  by  Robert  Browning.  lUustiated  and  decorated  by 
Rvam  Si.a.v.  Wich  an  Intro  Juctioa  by  Richard  Game  it,  LL.D.,  C.B.  Pobt 
j>v"o.  7.O.  6d. 

Fanshawe  (R.)     Two  Lives.    A  Poem.     By  Reginald  Fanshawe, 

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Ferguson  (Sir  S.)     Congal:  A  Poem  in  Five  Books,     By  the  late 
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Poems.    Demy  Svo.  7*-.  6rf. 

Field   (Michael).     Underneath  the  Bough.     A  Book  of  Verses. 

2nd  edition.     Royal  16mo.  4s.  6i.  not. 

Callirrhoe,  Fair    Rosamund.      2nd  edition.      Crown   Svo. 

parchment  cover,  6s. 

Canute  the  Great ;  a  Cup  of  Water.    Two  Playa.    Crown 


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A  Classified  Catalogue  oj  Selected  H'orks. 


Patmore  (Coventry).     Poems.    Collective  Edition  in  2  vols.    5th 

edition.     Foap.  8vo.  B.s. 

The  Unknown  Eros,  aud  other  Poems.     3rd  edition.     Fcap. 

8vo.  -Is.  6d. 

The  Angel  in  the  House.     7th  edition.     Fcap.  8vo.  3a-.  6d. 


Procter  (A.  A.)  Legends  and  Lyrics.  By  Adelaide  Anne  Procter. 
Witli  Iiitrciluction  bv  Charles  Dickens.  New  edition,  printed  on  band  made 
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Okiginal  Ebition.  I ir.st  Series.  69th  thousand.  2s.  C J.  Second  Series. 
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Rickards   (M.   S.   C.)      Lyrics   and  Elegiacs.      By  Marcuo  S.   C. 

Ricliards.    Crovn  8vo.  4s.  net. 

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The  Exiles :  A  Romance  of  Lite.     Crown  8vo.  4s.  Gd.  net. 

Sweetman  (E.)      The  Footsteps  of  the  Gods,  and  other  Poems. 

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edition,  with  Portrait  of  Arthur  Hallam,  3s.  6d, 

Handbook  to  Lord  Tennyson's  Woiks.      By    Morton   Luce. 
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Crown  Svo.  Is.  6d. 

Waddington  (S.)    A  Century  of  Sonnets.    Fcap.  4to.  4s.  Grf. 
Poems.     Fcap.  8vo.  4s. 


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the  Poems,  and  a  Selection  of  Explanatory  Notes  by  Henry  G.  Bohu.  lUiis- 
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the  Poets.     In  10  vols.  fcap.  8vo.  rloth,  2k.  GJ.  each. 
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LL.D.     Translated  by  L.  Dora  Schmitz.     Sm.  post  8vo.  5s. 
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Glossary.    A  new  edition  by  J.  'V.  Priohard,  A.M.     2  vols.     Sm,  post  Svo.  7s. 

English  Sonnets  by  Living  Writers.  Selected  and  arranged,  with 
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THE    ALDINE    EDITION 


BRITISH    POETS. 

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*Burn3.     Edited  by  G.  A.  Aitken. 

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law,  tho  Rev.  A.  W.  Hill.  With  Memoir 

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The  Life  of  Las  Casas,  the  Apostle  of  the  Indies.  6th  edition. 


Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d, 


A  Classified  CatalagMe  of  Selected  Works. 


Irving  (Washington).    Life  of  Oliver  Goldsmith.    Is. 

Life  and  Voyages   of  Columbus   and   his    Companions. 

2  vols.     With  Portraits.     IJs.  6(!.  each. 

— Life  of  Mahomet  and  His  Successors.  With  Tortrait.  3«.  Grf. 

, Life  of  George  Washington,    -l  vols.  3s.  6rf.  each. 


Life  and  Letters  of  Washington  Lrving.  By  his  nephew,  Pierre 
E.  Irving.     With  Portrait.    2  vols.  Ss.  6ci.  each. 

Lockhart's  Life  of  Burns.  Revised  and  corrected  with  Notes  p.nd 
Apptudioes,  by  William  Soott  Douglus.    With  Portrait.    Sm.  post  8vo.  3s.  Cd. 

Southey's  Life  of  Nelson.     With  Additional  Notes,  Index,  Portraits, 

Plans,  aud  upwards  of  50  Enj,'ravings.     8m.  post  8vo.  .is. 
. Life  of  Wesley,  and  the  Rise  and  Progress  of  Methodism. 

With  Portrait.     Sm.  post  8vo.  5s. 

Lire  of  Wellington.  By  '  An  Old  Soldier.'  From  the  materials  of 
Maxwell.    With  18  Steel  Kugravings.     Sm.  post.  8yo.  5s. 

Life  of  Burke.    By  Sir  James  Prior.     Sm.  post  8vo.  35,  Gi. 

Life  and  Letters  of  Locke.    By  Lord  King.     Sm.  post  8vo.  3s.  M. 

Life  of  Pope.   By  Robert  Carruthers.    Illustrated.    Sm.  post.  8vo.  5s. 

Cellini's  Memoirs.  Translated  by  T.  Roscoe.  With  Portrait, 
Sm.  post  8?o.  3s.  6d. 

Memoirs  of  the  Life  of  Colonel  Hutchinson.      By  his  Widow. 

With  Portrait.    Sm.  post  Svo.  3s.  6<J. 

Memorials  and  Letters  of  Charles  Lamb.  Talfourd's  edition, 
revised.     By  W.  Carew  Hazlitt.    2  vols.     Sm.  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Robert  Southey:  The  Story  of  his  Life  Written  in  his  Letters. 
Wjth  an  Introduction.     Edited  by  John  Doncis.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Letters  and  Works  of  Lady  Mary  Wortley  Montagu.  Edited,  with 
Memoir,  by  W.  Moy  Thomas.  Revised  edition,  with  5  Portraits.  2  vols, 
small  post  Svo.  5s.  each. 

Memoirs  of  PhUip  de  Commines.  Translated  by  A.  R.  Scoble.  With 
Portraits.    2  vols,  small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 


The  Diary   of  Samuel  Pepys.     Transcribed  from  the  Shorthand 

MS.   by  the   Rev.  Mynors  Bright,  M.A.    With   Lord  Braybrooke's   Notes. 
Edited,  with  Additions,  by  Ilunry  B.  Wheatley,  F.S.A.     9  vols,  demy  Svo. 
with  Portraits  aud  other  Illustrations,  10s.  6d.  ea<h. 
*,*  The  only  complete  edition. 

Evelyn's  Diary  and  Correspondence,  with  the  Private  Corre- 
spondence of  Charles  I.  aud  Sir  Edvvard  Nicholas,  and  between  Sir  Edward 
Hyde  (Earl  of  ClarenloL)  and  Sir  lliohard  Browne.  Edited  from  the 
Original  MSS.  by  W,  Biay,  F.A.";?,  With  ^  IJngraviags,  4  vols,  smaU 
post  Svo.  2Qs, 


A  Classified  Catalogut  of  Selected  Works. 


Pepys'  Diary  and  Correspondence.    With  Life  and  Notes  by  Lord 

Braybrooke,  and  31  Sugravings.     4  vols,  small  poft  8vo.  20s. 

The  Early  Diary  of  Frances  Burney,  1768-1778.  "With  a  Selec- 
tion from  her  Correspondence  and  from  the  Journals  of  hor  Sisters,  Susau 
and  Charlotte  Burney.     Edited  by  Annie  Baine  Ellis.     2  vols,  demy  8vo.  32s. 

The  Diary  and  Letters  of  Madame  D'Arblay.  As  edited  by  her 
Niece,  Charluttc  Barrett.     With  Portraits.     4  vols,  demy  8vo.  30s. 

Handbooks  of  English  Literatvire.     Edited  by  J.  "W.  Hales,  M.A., 

Fellow  of  Christ's  College,  Cambridge,  Professor  of  Eug;lish  Literatni-e  at 
King's  College,  London.     Crown  8vo.  3e.  6d.  each. 

The  Age  of  Milton.     By  J.  Bass  MuUinger,  M.A.,  and  the 

Rev.  J.  H.  B.  Masterman. 
The  Age  of  Dryden.     2nd  edition.     By  E.  Garnett,  LL.D. 
The  Age  of  Pope.     2nd  edition.     By  John  Dennis. 
The   Age   of  Wordsworth.    2nd  edition.     By  Prof.    C.    H. 

Herford,  Litt.D. 

The  Age  of  Tennyson.     2nd  edition.     By  Professor  Hugh 

AValkcr. 

Prt:paring. 
The  Age  of  Alfred.     By  H.  Frank  Heath,  Ph.D. 
The  Age  of  Chaucer.     By  Professor  Hales. 
The  Age  of  Shakespeare.     By  Professor  Hales. 
The  Age  of  Johnson.     By  Thomas  Seecombe. 

Ten  Brink's  History  of  Early  English  Literature.  .8  vols;  Small 
post  8vo.  3s.  M.  each.  Vcl.  I.  — (To  Wiclif).  Translated  by  Horace  M. 
Kennedy.  Vol.  II.  —  (Wiclif,  Chaucer,  Earliest  Drama,  Renaissance). 
Translated  by  W.  Clarke  Robinson,  Ph.D.  Vol.  III.— (To  the  Death  of 
Surrey).     Edited  by  Professor  Alois  Brandl.    Translated  by  L.  Dora  Schmitz. 

Reviews  and  Essays  in  Enghsh  Literature.  By  the  Rev.  D.  C. 
Tovey,  M.  A. ,  Clark  Lecturer  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridcra.  Crown  8vo.  5s.  net. 


History  of  Germany  hi  the  Middle  Ages.    By  E.  F.  Hendeieon, 

Ph.D.     CrowB  Svo.  "s.  6d.  net. 

England  in  the  Fifteenth  Century.  By  the  late  Rev.  W.  Denton,  M.A., 

Worcester  College,  Oxford.     Demy  8vo.  VZs. 

History  of  Modern  Europe,  from  the  Taking  of  Constantinople  to 
the  Establishment  of  the  German  Empire,  a.d.  1453-1871.  By  the  late 
Dr.  T.  H.  Dyer.     A  new  edition.     5  vols.  2!.  12s.  6d. 

Lives  of  the  Queens  of  England.     From  the  Norman  Conquest  to 

the  reign  of  (^ueen  Anne.  By  Agues  Strickland.  Library  edition.  With 
Portraits,  Autographs,  and  Vignettes.  8  vols,  demy  8vo.  7s.  6.i.  each.  Also 
a  Cheaper  Edition  in  (J  vols,  with  C  Portraits,  small  post  Svo.  SOis. 

Life  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots.  By  Agnes  Strickland.  With  Index 
and  2  Portraits  of  Mary.     2  vols,  small  po.st  Svo.  10s. 

Lives  of  the  Tudor  and  Stuart  Princesses.    By  Agnes  Strickland. 

)yith  Portraits.     Small  post  Svo.  ."is. 


A  Classified  CdtaiogUe  of  Selected  IPorh. 


The  Works  of  Flavlus  Josephus.  Whiston's  Translation.  Thoroughly 

revised  by  Rev.  A.  R.  Shilleto,  M.A.    With  Topographical  and  Geographical 
Notes  by  Sir  C.  W.  Wilson,  K.C.B.     5  vols,  small  post  8vo.  17s.  6ii. 

Coxe's  Memoirs  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough.    3  vols.    With  Por- 
traits.   Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

»,*  Atlas  of  the  Plans  of  Marlbohoitgh's  Campaigns.    4to.  10s.  6d. 
History  of  the  House  of  Austria.    4  vols.    With  Portraits. 


Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Gibbon's  DecUne  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire.  Complete 
and  Unabridged,  with  Variorum  Notes.  With  Index,  Maps,  and  Portrait, 
7  vols.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  Cd.  each. 

Gregorovius's  History  of  the  City  of  Rome  in  the  Middle  Ages, 

Translated  by  Annie  Hamilton.     Grown  8vo.    Vols.  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  each  6s, 
net.    Vol.  IV.,  in  2  parts,  9s.  net.    Vol.  V.,  in  2  parts,  9s.  net. 

Gmzot's  History  of  CivUisation.    Translated  by  W.  Hazlitt.   3  vols. 

With  Portraits.     Small  post  8vo.  ;3.s.  Gd.  each. 

Lamartine's  History  of  the  Girondists.     3  vols.    With  Portraits. 

Small  p(«t  8to.  St.  M.  each. 

Machiavelli's  History  of  Florence,  the  Prince,  and  other  Works. 

With  Portrait.    Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d, 

Martineau's  (Harriet)  History  of  England,  from  1800-1815.     Sm. 

post  8vo.  3s.  Gd. 

— : History  of  the  Thhrty  Years'  Peace,  .v.d.  1815-46.     4  vols. 

Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Menzel'B  History  of  Germany.  With  Portraits.  3  vols.  Small 
post  8vo.  33.  6d.  oaoh. 

Michelet's  Luther's  Autobiography.    Translated  by  William  Hazlitt, 

Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

History  of  the  French  Revolution  from  its  earliest  indica* 


tions  to  the  flight  of  the  King  in  1791.     Smnll  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

Mignet'B  History  of  the  French  Revolution,  from   1789  to  1811. 
With  Portrait  of  Napoleon  as  First  Consul.     Small  post  8vo,  3s.  6d. 

Motley's  Rise  of  the  Dutch  Republic.     A  new  Edition,  with  Intro» 
dnction  by  Mononre  D.  Conway.    3  vols.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Ranke's  History  of  the  Popes.     Translated  by  E.  Foster.     3  vols. 
With  Portrait!!,     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  Gd,  ea<'h. 


12  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Woras. 


STANDARD   BOOKS. 

{Sec  also  '  Biogrnphy  and  History,'  'Poetry,'  'Fiction,'  cCr.) 

Addison's  Works.  With  the  Notes  of  Bishop  Hurd.  Edited  by 
H.  G.  Bohn.    6  vols.    With  Portrait  and  Plates.    Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  ea<;h. 

Bacon's  Essays,  and  Moral  and  Historical  Works.  Edited  by  J.  Devey. 
With  Portrait.     Small  post  Svo.  3.s.  6d. 

Browne's  (Sir  Thomas)  "Works.  3  vols.  With  Portrait.  Small 
post  8v-o.  3s.  6d.  e  »ch. 

Burke's  Works  and  Speeches.    8  vols.    Sm.  post  Svo.  3s.  M.  each. 

Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy.  Edited,  with  Notes,  by  the 
Rev.  A.  R.  Shilleto,  M.A..  and  an  Introduction  l.y  A.  H.  Bullen.  3  vo!s. 
Demy  8vo.  with  binding  desicrued  l)y  Gleeson  White,  31s.  6cl.  nt-t.  Abo  a 
Cheap  Edition,  in  3  vols.     Hmall  post  Svo  3s.  6(i.  coi'h. 

Coleridge's  Prose  Works.  Edited  by  T.  Ashe.  6  vols.  With  Tor- 
trait.     Small  post  Svo.  3?.  6d.  each. 

Defoe's  Novels  and  Miscellaneous  Works.  7  vols.  With  Portrait. 
Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Dunlop's  History  of  Prose  Fiction.  Revised  by  Henry  Wilson. 
'Z  vols.     Smill  post  Svo.  5s.  each. 

Emerson's  Works.    8  vols.     Small  post  Svo.  3.s.  Qd.  each. 

Goldsmith's  (O.)  Works.    Edited  by  J.  W.  M.  Gibbs.    5  vols.    With 

Portrait.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6ci.  each. 

Grays  Letters.     New  Edition,  by  the  Rev.  D.  C.  Tovey,  IM.A. 

[/((  the  im'ss. 

Hazlitt  (V/illiam).    Lectures  and  Essays.    7  vols.     Small  post  Svo. 

3s.  6(1.  each. 

Irving  (Washington).  Compleio  Works.  15  vols.  With  Por- 
traits, Ac.    Small  post  Svo.  3s.  oJ.  oa'h. 

Lamb's  Essays  of  Ella  and  EUana.    With  Portrait.      Small  post 

Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Locke  (John).     Philosophical  Works.     Edited  by  J.  A.  St.  Jolin, 

2  vols.     With  Portrait.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6(i.  each. 

Mill  (John  Stuart).  Essays.  Collected  from  various  so'irccg  by 
J.  W.  M.  Gibbs.    SmaU  post  8?o.  3--.  M. 

Milton's  Prose  Works.  Edited  by  J.  A.  St.  John.  5  vols.  With 
Portraits.    Small  post  Svo.  3s.  Gd.  each. 

Prout's  (Father)  ReUques.    By  Rev.  F.  Mahony.    Copyright  edition. 

With  Ktcliiujs  hy  Maclise.     Small  post  Svo.  5s, 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  13 

Swift  (Jonathan).  Prose  Works.  Edited  by  Temple  Scott.  With 
Introdiict  on  by  W.  B.  H.  Lecky,  M.P.  In  10  volumes.  Small  poat  8vo. 
'is.  6ti.  each. 

Vol.  I.— 'A  Tale  of  a  Tub,'  'The  Battle  of  the  Books,'  and  other  early 
■works.  Edited  by  Templ(>  Scott.  With  Biographical  Introduction  by  W.  E.  H. 
Lecky,  M.P.     With  Portrait  an<l  Facsimile. 

Vol.  II.— 'The  Journal  to  Stolla.'  Edited  by  F.  Bylanci,  M.\.  Wilh  a 
Facsimile  Letter  and  two  Portraits  of  Stella. 

Vol.  III.— Writirps  on  Religion  and  the  Church.  Edited  by  Templf  Scott. 
With  a  porciait  in  photogravure  after  Jerva?.  [In  the  rrets. 

Walton's  (Izaak)  Angler.  Edited  by  Edward  Jesse.  With  229 
Engravings  on  Wood  and  Steel.     Small  post  8vo.  5s. 

White's  Natural  History  of  Selborae.  Edited  by  Edward  Jesse. 
With  40  Portraits  and  Coloured  Plates.     Small  post  Svo.  5s. 

Young  (Arthur).     Travels  in  France  during  the  Years  1787-89. 

Edited  by  M.  Betham-Edwards.    With  Portrait.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Tour  in  Ireland  during  the  years  1776-9.     Edited  by  A. 

W.  Hntton,  Librarian,  National  Liberal  Club.    With  Bibliography  by  J.  P. 
Anderson.     Index  and  Map.     2  vols.     Small  post  Svo.,  3s.  6d.  each. 


Hugo  (Victor).    Dramatic  Works.  Hernani—Eny  Bias— The  King's 

Diversion.    Translated  by  Mrs.  Newton  Crosland  and  F.  L.  Slous.     Small 
post  Svo.  3s.  6d, 

Poems,  chiefly  Lyrical.  Translated  by  various  Writers,  col- 
lected by  J.  H.  L.  Williams.    With  Portrait.    Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Moli^re's  Dramatic  Works.     Translated  by  C.  H.  Wall.     3  vols. 

With  Portrait.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6ii.  each. 

Montaigne's  Essays.  Cotton's  Translation.  Edited  by  W.  C. 
Hazlitt.    3  vols.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  fid.  each. 

Montesquieu's  Spirit  of  Laws.  Translated  by  Dr.  Nugent.  Ee- 
vised  by  J.  V.  Prichard.    2  vols.    V\'ith  Portrait.    Small  post  Svo.  3.s.  6d.  each. 

Pascal's   Thoughts.      Translated  by  C.    Kegan  Paul.      Small  post 

Svo.  3s.  6d. 
Racine's  Tragedies.   Translated  by  E.  Bruce  Boswell.    2  vols.    With 

Portrait.    Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Goethe's  Works.  Including  his  Autobiography  and  Annals,  Dramatic 
Works,  Poems  and  Ballads,  Novels  and  Tales.  Wilhelm  Meister's  Apprentice- 
ship and  Travels,  Tour  in  Italy,  Miscellaneous  Travels,  Early  and  MisceU 
laneons  Letters,  Corre.spoudence  with  Schiller  and  Zelter,  and  Converpations 
\^-ith  Eckermann  and  Soret.  Translated  by  J.  Oxeuford,  Anna  Swanwick, 
R.  D.  Bovlan,  E.  A.  Bowring,  Sir  Walter  Scott,  Edward  Bell,  L.  Dora 
Schmitz,  A.  D.  Coleridge,  and  A.  Rogers.  16  vols.  With  Portraits.  Small 
post  Svo.  3s.  6cl.  each. 

.- Faust.     German  Text  with  Hayward's  Prose  Translation  and 

Notes.     Revised  with  Introduction  by  Dr.  C.  A.  Buchhcim.    Sm.  post  Svo.  5s. 

Heine's  Poems.    Translated  by  E.  A.  Bowring.    Sm.  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Travel-Pictures.    Translated  by  Francis  Storr.     With  Map. 

Small  post  Svo.  .3s.  6d. 


f4  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 

Lessing'3  Dramatic  Works.     Edited  by  Ernest  Bell.    2  vols.    With 

Portrait.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Laokoon,  Dramatic  Notes,  &c.    Translated  by  E.  C.  Beesley 

and  Helen  Zimmern.     Edited  by  Edward  Bell.     With  Frontispiece.     Small 
post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

Richter  (Jean  Paul).    Levana.    Translated.     Sm.  post  8vo.  3.s.  6d. 

Flower,  Fnilt,  and  Thorn  Pieces  (Siebenkas).    Translated 

by  Lieut. -Col.  A.  Ewing.     Small  post  8vo.  Ss.  6d. 

Schiller's  Works.  Including  the  History  of  the  Seven  Tears'  War, 
Revolt  in  the  Netherlands,  &c.,  Dramatic  and  Poetical  Works,  and  Aesthc 
tical  and  Philosophical  Essays.  Translated  by  Key.  A.  J.  W.  Morrison, 
A.  Lodge,  E.  A.  Bowring,  J.  Churchill,  S.  T.  Coleridge,  Sir  Theodore  Martin, 
and  others.    7  vols.     With  Portraits.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  GJ.  each. 

F.  Schlegel'a  Lectures,  and  other  Works.      5   vols.      Small  post 

8vo.  OS.  6d.  each. 

A.  W.   Schlegel's   Lectiires   on    Dramatic   Art   and   Literature. 

Translated  by  the  Rev.  A.  J.  W.  Morrison.     Small  post  Sto.  35.  6d. 


Alfleris  Tragedies.     Translated  by  E.  A.  Bowring.     2  vols.     Small 
post  8vo.  .3s.  Gd.  each, 

Arioato's  Orlando  Furioso,  &c.     Translated  by  W.  S.  Hose.     "1  vols. 
With  Portrait  and  -t  Steel  Engravings.     Small  po.st  8vo.  5- .  each. 

£)ante.      Translated   by  Rev.   H.  F.   Gary.     With  Portrait.      Small 

liost  Svo.  3s.  6d. 
■ Translated  by  I.  C.  Wright.     With  Flaxman's  Illustrations. 

Small  post  Svo.  5s. 

The  Italian  Text,  \vitli  English  Translation.     The  Inferno. 


By  Dr.  Oarlylo.    The  Purgatorio.    By  W.  8.  Dugdale.    Sm.  post  Svo  .5.s.  each. 

Petrarch'3  Sonnets,  and  other  Poems.  Translated  by  various  hands. 
With  Life  by  Thomas  Campbell,  and  Poi-trait  and  Id  Steel  EnffravingB. 
Small  post  8vo.  Ss. 

Tasso's  Jerusalem  Delivered.  Translated  into  English  Spenserian 
Verso  by  J.  H.  Witlen.  With  Woodonts  and  8  Steel  Engravings.  Small 
post  Svo.  5s. 

Camoens'  Lusiad.     Mickle's  Translation  revised  by  E.  R.  Hodges. 

Small  post  Svo.  Z*.  Od.  

Antoninus  (Marcus  Aurelius).  The  Thoughts  of.  Translated 
literally,  with  Notes.  BiographiciU  Sketch,  Introductory  Essay  on  the 
Philosophy,  and  Index.  By  George  Long,  M.  A.  Now  edition.  Printed  at 
t)ie  Chiswick  Press,  ou  hand-made  paper,  and  bound  in  buckram.  Pott 
Svo.  6s.     (Or  in  i'o/iii's  C'iassicrtt  Iii()rury,  3s.  6d.) 

Epictetus.  The  Discourses  of,  with  the  Encheiiidion  and  Frag- 
ments. Translated,  with  Notes  and  Introduction,  by  George  Lonir,  M.A. 
New  edition,  printed  at  the  Chiswick  Press,  on  hand-made  paper,  and  bound 
in  bncknun.  2  vols.  Pott  Svo.  lOs.  Cd,  (Or  iu  Boh.n'ri  GldJcicrt!  Uhnxr^, 
\  vol.,  5s.) 


A  Classified  Catalo^c  of  Selected  Works. 


Plato's  Dialogues,  referring   to   tlie   Trial   and  Death   of   Socrates, 

Eiitbypliro,  The  Apnlosry,  Crit.o  atirl  Plisedo.  TrauslatGd  by  tlio  lato  William 
Whewtdl,  1>.D.  Printed  at  Iho  Chiswick:  Press  on  liaiid-mado  paper,  and 
bound  in  bnckram.     Pott  8vo.,  Is.  tjtl. 

Horace.   The  Odes  and  Carmen  Saeculare.   Translated  into  English 
Verse  by  the  late  Jolin  Conington,  M.A.     11th  edition.     Fcap.  8vo.  Ss.  6(i. 

The  Satires  and  Epistles.     Translated  into  English  Verso 


by  John  Conington,  M.A.    8th  edition.     3s.  6(i. 


Dictionaries  and  Books  of  Reference. 

Webster'3  International  Dictionary  of  the   English   Language, 

iM'iiifj  the  authentic  edition  of  Webster's  Unabridg-ed  Dictionary,  comprising- 
tlie  iM^ucs  of  1847,  1864,  and  1880,  now  thoronfjhly  revised  and  enlarged  under 
till'  Kuiiervision  of  Noah  Porter,  D.D.,  LL.D.,  of  Yale  University,  with 
Vahiable  Literary  Appendices.  Medium  4to.  2118  pasres,  .3500  Woodcuts, 
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The  Standard  in  tlio  Postal  Telegraph  Department  of  the  British  Isles. 

The  Standard  in  the  United  States  Government  Printing  Office. 

Prospectuses  with  specimen  pages  sent  free  on  application, 

Webster's  Brief  International  Dictionary.  A  Pronouncing  Dic- 
tionary of  the  English  Language.  Abridged  from  Webster's  International 
Dictionary.     With  800  Illustrations.     Demy  8vo.  3s. 

A  Dictionary  of  Slang,  Jargon,  and  Cant.  By  A.  Barrere  and 
C.  G.  Leland.     2  vols.     Medium  8vo.  7.s,  6iJ.  each. 

A  Biographical  and  Critical  Dictionary  of  Painters  and  Engravers. 

With  a  List  of  Ciphers,  Monograms,  and  Marks.  By  Michael  Bryan.  Im- 
perial  8vo.  New  edition,  thoroughly  revised  and  enlarged  by  R.  E.  Graves 
(of  the  British  Museum)  and  Walter  Armstrong.  2  vols.  Imperial  8vo. 
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A  Biographical  Dictionary.  Containing  Concise  Notices  (upwards 
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Zluge's    Etymological    Dictionary    of   the    German    Language. 

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Grimm's  Teutonic  Mythology.      Translated  from  the  4th  edition, 

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1 6  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 


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Pmith,  M.A.  Edi  ed  by  the  Rev.  H.  Percy  Smith,  M.A,,  of  Balliol  CoUe^, 
Oxford.     Demy  «vo.  lis. 

A  History  of  Roman  Literature.  By  Professor  W.  S.  Teuffel. 
Gth  edition,  revised,  with  considerable  Additions,  by  Professor  L.  Schvrabe. 
Translated  by  G.  C.  W.  Warr,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Classical  Literature  at 
King's  College,  London.    2  vols.    Medium  8vo.  15s.  each, 

Corpus  Poetarum  Latlnorum,  a  se  aliisque  denuo  recognitorum  et 
brevi  lectionnm  varietate  instructorum,  edidit  Johannes  Percival  Postgate. 
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Lowndes'  Bibliographer's  Manual  of  English  Literatvire.  En- 
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half  morocco,  21.  2s. 

A  Dictionary  of  Roman  Coins,  Republican  and  Imperial.  Com- 
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Henfrey's  Guide  to  English  Coins,  from  the  Conquest  to  the  present 
time.  New  and  revised  edition.  By  C.  F.  Keary,  M.A.,  F.S.A,  With  an 
Historical  Introduction  by  the  Editor.     Small  post  8vo.  6s. 

Humphreys'  Coin  Collector's  Manual,  or  Guide  to  the  Numismatic 
student  in  the  Formiition  of  a  Cabinet  of  Coins.  By  H.  N.  Humphreys.  With 
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post  Svo.  5s.  each. 

Clark's   Introduction  to  Heraldry.      18th  edition.      Revised  and 

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Sir  Edward  Burne-Jones,  Bart.  A  Record  and  Review.  By 
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Albert  Moore  :  his  Life  and  Works.  By  A.  Lys  Baldry.  Illus- 
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William  Morris :  his  Art,  his  Writings,  and  his  PubUc  Life.  By 
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A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  17 

The  Art  of  Velasquez.    A  Critical  Study.     By  E.  A.  M.  Stevenson. 

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Bell  (Siy  C.)    The  Anatomy  and  Philosophy  of  Expression  as 

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edition.  Crown  8vo.  2  vols.  15s.  Companion  Volume  on  CHURCH  VEST- 
MENTS.    7s.  6d. 

Bryan's  Biographical  and   Critical  Dictionary  of  Painters  and 

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Bryan.  New  edition,  thoroughly  revised  and  enlarged  by  R.  E.  Graves, 
of  the  British  Museum,  and  Walter  Armstrong,  R.A.  2  vols,  imperial  8vo. 
buckram,  31.  3s. 

Burn  (R.)    Ancient  Rome  and  its  Neighbourhood.    An  Illustrated 

Handbook  to  the  Ruins  in  the  City  and  the  Campagna.  By  Robert  Bura, 
M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  Author  of  'Rome  and  the 
Campagna,'  &c.     With  numerous  Illustrations.    7s.  6d. 

*  /  This  volume  is  also  issued  in  limp  red  cloth,  with  Map  Pocket,  for  the 
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Hiatt  (C.  T.  J.)  Picture  Posters.  A  Handbook  on  the  His- 
tory of  the  Illustrated  Placard.  With  numerous  Reproductions  of  the  most 
artistic  examples  of  all  countries.    By  C.  T.  J.  Hiatt.    8vo.  12s.  6d.  net. 

Strange  (E.  F.)  Japanese  Illustration.  A  History  of  the 
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Watson  (R.  M.)    The  Art  of  the  House.    By  Rosamund 
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A    2 


A  Ciassified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 


Connoisseur  Series — Continued. 

Wheatley  (H.  B.)  British  Historical  Portraits.  Some 
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■With  71  Illustrations  taken  direct  from  the  Originals  at  the  National  Portrait 
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Williamson  (G.  C.)  Portrait  Miniatures,  from  the  time  of 
Holbein  (1631)  to  that  of  Sir  William  Ross  (1860).  A  Handbook  for  Collectors. 
By  G.  C.  Williamson,  Litt.  D.    With  194  Illustrations.     12.s.  6d.  net. 

Crane  (W.).     The  Bases  of  Design.     By  Walter  Crane.     With  200 

Illustrations.     Medium  8vo. 
Decorative  Illustration  of  Books.     See  Ex-Libris  Series. 

Cunningham's  Lives  of  the  Most  Eminent  British  Painters.  A 
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small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Delamotte  (P.  H.)  The  Art  of  Sketching  from  Nature.  By 
P.  H.  Delamotte.  Illustrated  by  24  Woodcuts  and  20  Coloured  PLates, 
arranged  progressively,  from  Water-colour  Drawings  by  Prout,  E.  W.  Cooke, 
R.A.,  Girtin,  Varley,  De  Wiut,  and  the  Author.    New  edition.    Royal  4to.  21s. 

Demmin's  Illustrated  History  ot  Arms  and  Armour,  from  the 
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With  nearly  2000  Illustrations.     Small  post  Svo.  7s.  6d. 

Didron's  Christian  Iconography.  A  History  of  Christian  Art  in  the 
Middle  Ages.  Translated  from  the  French,  wth  additions,  &c.,  by  Margaret 
Stokes.     2  vols,  small  post  Svo.  5s.  each. 

Endymion  Series  of  Poets.  Illustrated  by  K.  Arming  Bell  and 
Byam  Shaw.    See  page  2. 

Ex-Libris  Series.    Edited  by  Gleeson  White. 

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German  Book-Plates.  By  Dr.  Heinrich  Pallmann  and  G. 
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Fairholt's  Costume  in  England.    A  History  of  Dress  to  the  end  of 
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Illustrated  with  above  700  Engravings.    2  vols.  sm.  post  Svo.  5s.  each. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  19 


Flaxman.    Lectures  on  Sculpture,  as  delivered  before  the  Presiden 

and  Members  of  the  Rojal  Academy.     By  J,  Flaxman,  R.A.    With  53  Plates. 
New  editioa.     Small  post  8vo.  6£. 
Gatty  (Mrs.)     The  Book  of  Sun-dials.     Collected  by  Mrs.  Alfred 
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Illustrations.     3rd  edition.     Fcay.  -Ito.  lo.s. 

Heaton  (Mrs.)     A  Concise  History  of  Painting.     By  Mrs.  Charles 

Heatou.    New  edition,  revised,  by  Cosmo  Monkhouse.     Small  post  8vo.  os. 
Law  (E.)      A  Short  History  of  Hampton  Court.     By  Ernest  Law, 

B.A.     With  numerous  Illustrations.     Crown  8vo.  7s.  6d.  net. 
Leonardo  da  Yinci's  Treatise  on  Painting.  With  a  Life  of  Leonardo. 

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Moody  (F.  W.)     Lectures  and  Lessons  on  Art.     By  the  late  F.  W. 

Moody,  Instructor  in  Decorative  Art  at  South  Kensington  Museum.     With 

Diagrams  to  illustrate  Composition  and  other  matters.     5th  edition.     Demy 

Svo.  sewed,  -Is.  6(1. 
Patmore(C.)     Principle  in  Art.    By  Coventry  Patmore.    2nd  edition. 

Fcap.  Svo.  5s. 
Petit  (J.  T.)    Architectm-al  Studies  in  France.    By  the  late  Kev. 

J.   T.    Petit,  F.S.A.      New   edition,   revised  by  Edward  Bell, -M.A.,  F.S.A. 

Fcap.  4to.  with  260  Illustrations,  15s.  net. 
Planches  History  of  British  Costume,  from  the  Earliest  Time  to 

the  close  of  the  Eifrkteenth  Century.     By  J.  R.  Blanche,  Somerset  Herald. 

With  Index  and  upwards  of  400  lUustratioiis.     Small  post  Svo.  5s. 

Prior  (E.  S.)     History  of  Gothic  Art  in  England.     By  E.  S.  Prior. 

Illustrated  by  G.  C.  Horsley  and  others.    Imperial  Svo.  [In  the  Press. 

Renton  (E.)     Intaglio  Engraving,  Past  and  Present.     By  Edward 

With  numerous  Illustrations  from  Gems  and  Seals.    Fcap.  Svo.  3s.  Sd. 


Roberts  (W.)  Memorials  of  Christie's.  By  W.  Koberts.  With 
64  Collotype  Reproductions  and  Coloiu-ed  Frontispiece.     2  vols.    Svo.  25s.  net. 

Stokes  (Margaret).    Three  Months  in  the  Forests  of  France.    A 

Pilgrimage  in  Search  of  Vestiges  of  the  Irish  Saints  in  France.     With  nume- 
rous Illustrations.    By  Margaret  Stokes,  Hon.  M.R.I. A.    Fcap.4to.12s.net. 

Strange  (E.  F.)  Alphabets.  A  Handbook  of  Lettering  for  the  use 
of  Artists,  Architects,  and  Students.    With  200  Illustrations.     Grown  Svo.  5s. 

Vasari's  Lives.  A  Selection  of  Seventy  of  the  Lives,  Edited  and 
annotated  in  the  light  of  modern  discoveries  by  E.  H.  and  E.  W.  Blashfiekl 
and  A.  A.  Hopkins.     Illustrated.    4  vols,  pott  4to.  3Ss.  net. 

Way  (T.R.)  Reliques  of  Old  London.  Drawn  in  lithography  by 
T.  R.  Wav.  With  Introduction  and  Explanatory  Letterpress  by  H.  B. 
Wheatley.  F.S.A.     Demy  4to.  21s.  net. 

.  Later  Rehques  of  Old  London.      By  the  same  artist  and 

editor.    Demy  4to.  21s.  net. 

Wedmore  (F.)  Etching  in  England.  By  Frederick  Wedmore. 
With  numerous  Illustrations.     Small  Ito.  Ss.  6J.  not. 

White  (G-leeson).  Practical  Designing.  A  Handbook  on  the  Pre- 
paration of  Working  Drawings,  showing  the  Technical  Methods  employed  in 
preparing  them  for  the  Manufacture,  and  the  Limits  imposed  on  the  Design 
by  the  Mechanism  of  Reproduction  and  the  materials  employed,  Freely 
Illustratod     Edited  by  Gleeson  White.    3rd  editiou.    5s. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  IVorks. 


THEOLOGY. 

A  Kempis.  On  the  Imitation  of  Christ.  A  New  Translation. 
By  the  Rt.  Rev.  H.  Goodwin,  D. !).  3rd  edition.  With  fine  Steel  Engraving 
after  Guide,  3s.  6d. ;  without  the  Engraving,  2s.  6d.  Cheap  edition,  Is.  cloth ; 
6d.  Bewed. 

Alford  (Dean).  The  Greek  Testament.  With  a  critically  revised 
Text;  a  Digest  of  various  Readin-rs;  Marginal  References  to  Verbal  and' 
Idiomatic  Usage  ;  Prolegomena;  and  a  Critical  and  Exegetical  Commentary. 
For  the  Use  of  Theological  Students  and  Ministers.  By  the  late  Henry 
Alford,  D.D.,  Dean  of  Canterbm-y.     4  vols.  8vo.  51.  2s.     Sold  separately. 

The  New  Testament  for  English  Readers.     Containing  the 

Authorised  Version,  with  additional  Corrections  of  Readings  and  Renderings, 
Marginal  References,  and  a  Critical  and  Explanatory  Commentary.  In  4 
Parts,  2t.  14s.  6J.     Sold  separately. 

Augustine  (St.) :  De  Civitate  Dei.  Books  XI.  and  XII.  By  the 
Rev.  Henry  Gte,  B.D.,  F.S.A.  I.  Test  only,  2s.  II.  Introduction,  Literal 
Translation,  aid  Notes,  3s. 

In  Joannis  Evangelium  Tractatus.     XXIV. -XXVII.     Edited 

by  the  Rev.  Henry  Gee,  B.D.,  F.S.A.,  Is.  6d.  Also  the  Translation  by  the 
late  Rev.  Canon  H.  Brown,  Is.  Ud. 

Barrett  (A.  C.)     Companion  to  the  Greek  Testament.     For  the 

Use  of  Theological  Students  and  the  Upper  Forms  in  Schools.  By  A.  C. 
Barrett,  M.A.,  Cams  College.     5th  edition,  revised.     Fcap.  Svo.  5s. 

Barry  (Dr.)     Notes  on  the  Catechism.     For  the   Use  of   Schools. 

By  the  Rev.  Canon  Barry,  D.D.,  Principal  of  King's  College,  Loudon.     10th 

edition.    Fcap.  2s. 
Bede's    Ecclesiastical   History,   and    the  Anglo-Saxon   Chronicle. 

Edited  by  Rev.  Dr.  Giles.     With  Map.     Small  post  8vo.  5s. 
Birks  (T.  R.)     Horse  Evangelicse,  or  the  Internal  Evidence  of  the 

Gospel  History.     By  the  Rev.  T.  R.  Birks,  M.A.,  late  Hon.  Canon  of  Ely. 

Edited  by  the  Rev.  H.  A.  Birks,  M.A.,  late  Scholar  of   Trin.  Coll  ,  Oamb. 

Demy  8vo.  10s.  Gd. 

Bleek  (F.)    An  Introduction  to  the  Old  Testament.    By  Friedrich 

Bleek.  Edited  by  Johann  Bleek  and  Adolf  Kamphausen.  Translated  from 
the  Second  Edition  of  the  German  by  G.  H.  Venables,  under  the  supervision 
of  the  Rev.  E.  Venables,  Residentiary  Canon  of  Lincoln.  2nd  edition,  with 
Corrections.     With  Index.     2  vols.  10s. 

Burbidge  (Rev.  E.)  Liturgies  and  Offices  of  the  Church  for  the  use 
of  English  Readers,  in  illustration  of  the  Growth  and  Devotional  value  of  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  with  a  Catalosue  of  the  remains  of  the  Library  of 
Archbishop  Cranmer.  By  Edward  Burbidge,  M.A.,  Prebendary  of  Wells. 
Cr.  8vo.  9s. 

The  Parish  Priest's  Book  of  Offices  and  Instructions  for 

the  Sick:  with  Api)endix  of  Rearlings  and  Occasional  Offices.  4th  edition, 
thoroughly  revised,  with  mnch  additional  matter.     Small  post  Svo.  3.s.  6d. 

Burgon  (Dean).  The  Traditional  Text  of  the  Holy  Gospels 
Vindicated  and  Established.  By  the  late  Jolin  William  Burgon,  B.D.,  Dean 
of  Chichester.  Arranged,  Completed,  and  Edited  by  Edward  Miller,  M.A., 
Wykehamical  Prebendary  of  Chichester.     Demy  8vo.  10s.  6d.  not. 

. The  Causes  of  the  Corruption  of  the  Traditional  Text  of 

the  Holy  (ioepels.  Edited  by  the  Rov.  Edward  Miller,  M.A.  Demy  Svo. 
10s.  6d.  net. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  2 1 

Denton  (W.)    A  Commentary  on  the  Gospels  and  Epistles  for  the 

Sundays  and  other  Holy  Days  of  the  Christian  Year,  and  on  the  Acts  of  the 
Apostlts.  l?y  the  Kev.  W.  Denton,  M.A.,  Worcester  Colle?e,  Oxford,  and 
Incumbent  of  St.  Bartholomew's,  Cripplegate.     In  7  vols,  each  ^s. 

Eusebius.  Ecclesiastical  History.  Translated  by  Eev.  C.  F.  Cruse.  5s. 

Grarnier  (T.  P.)  Church  or  Dissent  ?  An  Appeal  to  Holy  Scripture, 
addressed  to  Dis?euter?.  By  T.  P.  Gamier,  late  Fellow  of  AU  Souls'  College, 
Oxford.    2nd  edition.    Crown  8to.    2s.  ;  in  stitt'paper  cover  for  distribution.  If. 

Hardwick  (C.)    History  of  the  Articles  of  Religion.    By  Charles 

Hardwick.     3rd  editiou  revised.     5s. 
Hawkins  (Canon).     Family  Prayers:— Containing  Psalms,  Lessons, 
and  Pravers,  for  every  Mortdug  and  Evenin?  in  the  Week.     By  the  late  Rev. 
Ernest  Hawkins,  B.  U.,  Prebendaiy  of  St.  Paul's.    20th  edition.    Fcap.  8vo.  1'. 

Hook  (W.  F.)    Short  Meditations  for  Every  Day  in  the  Year. 

Edited  by  the  late  Very   Rev    W.   F.    Hook,    D.D.,    Deau    of    Chichester. 

Revised  bditioii.     2  vols.     Fcap.  8vo.     Lartje  type.     Its.     Also  2  vols.  32mo. 

Cloth,  5s. ;  calf,  gilt  edges,  9s. 
The  Christian  Taught  by  the  Church's  Services.    Eevised 

edition.      Fcap.   8vo.      Large  type,  6s.   6d.      Royal  32mo.      Cloth,  2s.   6d. 

calf,  gilt  edges,  -Is.  6(i. 
Holy  Thoughts  and  Prayers,  arranged  for  Daily  Use  on 

each   D.ay   of   the   Week,   according  to  the  stated  Hours  of  Prayer.     8th 

edition.     ICmo.     Cloth,  red  tdges,  2s;  calf,  gilt  edges,  3s.     Cheap  edition,  3d. 
Humphry  (W.  G-.)     An  Historical  and  Explanatory  Treatise  on 

the  Book  of  Common  Prayer.      By  W.  G.  Humphry,  B.D.,  late  Fellow  of 

Trinity   College,   Cambridije,   Prebendary   of    St.    P.aul's,  and   Vicar  of  St. 

Martin's-in-the-Fields.     6th  edition.     Fcap.  8vo.  Is. 
Latham  (H.)    Pastor  Pastorimi ;  or,  the  Schooling  of  the  Apostles 

by  our  Lord.     By  the  Rev.  Henry  Latham,  M.A.,  Master  of  Trinity  Hall, 

Cambridge.     3rd  edition.     Crown  b'vo.  (is.  (jd. 

The  Risen  Master.    A  Sequel  to  Pastor  Pastorum. 

A  Service  of  Angels.     Crown  8vo.  3s.  &d.  tli  the  Press. 

Lewin  (T.)    The  Life  and  Epistles  of  St.  Paul.    By  Thomas  Lewin, 

M.A.,    F.S.A.,    Trinity    Collage,    Oxford,    Barrister-at-Law.       5th    edition. 

Illustrated   with    numerous   fine   Engravings  on  Wood,   Maps,   and  Plans. 

2  vols.     Demy  4to.     2!.  2.s. 
Miller  (E.)     Guide  to  the  Textual  Criticism  of  the  New  Testament. 

By  Rev.  E.  Millar,  M.A.  Oxon,  R^otor  of  Bucknell,  Bicester.     Crown  8vo.  4s. 
Monsell  (Dr.)    Watches  by  the  Cross.     Short  Meditations,  Hymns, 

and  Litanies  on  the  Last  Seven  Words  of  our  Lord,    4th  edition.     Cloth,  red 

edges,  Is. 
Near  Home  at  Last.     A  Poem.     10th  thousand.     Cloth,  red 

edges.     Imp.  32mo.  2s.  6d. 
Ovir  New  Vicar ;  or,  Plain  Words  about  Eitual  and  Parish 


Work.     Fcnp.  8vo.     11th  edition,  2s.  6cl. 

The  Winton  Church  Catechism.     Questions  and  Answers  on 


the  Teachina-  of  the  Church  Catechism.    4th  edition.     32mo.  cloth,  ; 
Pascal.     The  Thoughts  of  Blaise  Pascal.     Translated  from  the  Text 

of  M.  Auguste  Molmiur  by  C.  Kegan  Paul.     3s.  6d. 

Perowne  (Bp.)  The  Book  of  Psalms:  a  New  Translation,  with 
Introductions  and  Notes,  Critical  and  Explanatory.  By  the  Right  Rev.  J.  J. 
Stewart  Perowne.  D.D.,  Bishop  of  Worcesier.  8vo.  Vol.  I.  8th  edition, 
revised,  18s.    Vol.  II.    8th  edition,  revised,  16s. 


2  2  .4  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  IVojks. 

Perowne  (Bp.)     The  Book  of  Psalms.      An  abridjzed  Edition  for 

Scho;  Is  and  Private  students.     Crown  8to.     9ti  edition,  10.  6iJ. 
Pearson  (Bp.)     Exposition  of  the  Creed.     Edited  by  E.  Walford, 

M.A.    6s. 
Prudentius.     Selected  Passages,  with   Verse  Translations   on   the 

opposite  pages.     By  the  Rer.  F.  St.  John  Thackeray,  late  AssistantMaster, 

Eton  College.     Crown  8vo.  7s.  6d. 

Sadler  (M.  F.)  The  Gospel  of  St.  Matthew.  By  the  Rev.  M.  P. 
Sadler,  Rector  of  Honiton  and  Prebendary  of  Wells.  With  Notes,. Critical 
am?  Practical,  and  Two  JIaps.    6th  edition.     Crown  8vo.     7s.  6d. 

The  Gospel  of  St.  Mark.     4th  edition.     Crown  8vo.  7s.  6d. 

The  Gospel  of  St.  Luke.     4th  edition.     Crown  8vo.  9s. 

— The  Gospel  of  St.  John.     6th  edition.     Crown  8vo.  7s.  6d. 

The  Acts  of  the  Apostles.     4th  edition.     Crown  Svo.  7s.  6rf. 

St.  Paul's  Epistle  to  the  Romans.     3rd  edition.     Crown  Svo. 

7s.  fid. 

St.  Paul's  Epistles  to  the  Corinthians.    2nd  edition.    Grown 


870.  7s.  6(i. 
St.    Paul's    Epistles    to    the    Galatians,    Ephesians,   and 

Philippians.    3rd  edition.     Crown  Svo.  6s, 

St.  Paul's  Epistles  to  the  Colossians,  Thessalonians,  and 


Timothy.     2ad  edition.     Crown  Svo,  6s 

St   Paul's  Epistles  to  Titus,  Philemon,  and  the  Hebrews. 

2nd  edition.     Crown  Svo.  6s. 

The    Epistles    of    SS.    James,   Peter,    John,    and     Jude. 

2nd  edition.     Crown  Svo.  6s. 

The    Revelation  of  St.    John  the  Divine.      'With   Notes 

Critical  and  Practical,  and  Introduction.     2nd  edition.     6s. 

Sermon  Outlines  for  the  Clergy  and  Lay  Preachers,  arranged 

to  accord  with  the  Church's  Year.    2nd  edition.     Crown  Svo.  5s. 

Church  Divine — Bible  Truth.     49th  thousand.    Feap.  Svo. 

3s.  ed,. 

'  The  objective  nature  of  the  faith,  the  Ath.inasian  Creed,  the  Baptismal 
Services,  the  Holy  Eucbarist,  Absolution  and  the  Priesthood,  Church 
Government  and  Confirmation,  are  some  of  the  more  prominent  subjects 
treated.  And  Mr.  Sadler  handles  each  with  a  marked  degree  of  sound 
sense,  and  with  a  thorough  mastery  of  his  subject.'— Gua.-dini!. 

The  Church  Teacher's  Manual  of  Christian  Instruction. 


Being  the  Church  Catechism   expanded   and   explained  in  Question   and 
Answer,  for  the  use  of  Clergymen,  Parents,  and  Teachers.    46th  thousand. 
Feap.  Svo.  2.s.  6d. 
Confirmation.     An    Extract    from    the    Church    Teacher's 

Manual.     70th  thousand.     IJ. 
The  One  Offering.     A  Treatise   on   the   Sacrificial   Nature 

of  the  Eucharist.     Feap.  Svo.     11th  thousand,  2s.  6<i. 
The  Second  Adam  and  the  New  Bulh :  or,  the  Doctrine  of 

Baptism  as  contained  in  Holy  Scripture.     12th  edition.     Feap.  Svo.  4s.  6d. 

Justification  of  Life:  its  Nature,  Antecedents,  and  Eesults. 


2nd  edition,  revised.    Crown  Svo.  i-"!.  6d. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  23 

Sadler  (M.  P.)  The  Sacrament  of  Responsibility ;  or,  Testimony  of  the 
Sci-ipture  to  the  Teaching  of  the  Church  on  Holy  Baptism,  with  especial 
reference  to  the  Cases  of  Infants ;  and  Answers  to  Objections.  9th  thousand, 
6d.  With  an  Introduction  and  an  Appendix.  On  fine  paper,  bound  in  cloth, 
7th  edition,  2s.  6d. 

Scripture  Truths.     A  Series  of  Ten  Tracts  on  Holy  Baptism, 

The  Holy  Communion,  Ordination,  &c.    9d.  per  set.     Sold  separately. 

• The  Communicant's  Manual ;  being  a  Book  of  Self- 
examination,  Prayer,  Praise,  and  Thanksgiving.  Royal  32mo.  114th 
thousand.  Cloth,  Is.  6(i. ;  roan,  gilt  edges,  2s.  6d.  ;  padded  calf,  5s. 
A  Cheap  edition  in  limp  cloth,  8d. 

A  Larger  Edition  on  fine  paper,   red   rubies.     Fcap. 

8vo.  2s.  6d. 

Scrivener  (Dr.)  Novum  Testamentimi  Grsece  Textus  Stephanici, 
A.D.  1550.  Accednnt  varioe  leotiones  editionum  Bezas,  Elzeviri,  Lachmanni, 
Tischendorfii,  Tregellesii,  curante  F.  H.  Scrivener,  A.M.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D. 
16mo.  is.  6(i.— Editio  Major.  Small  post  8vo.  2nd  edition.  7s.  ed.— An 
Edition  with  wide  Margin  for  Notes.     4to.  half  bound,  12.s. 

Plain    Introduction    to    the    Criticism    of   the    New 


Testament.  For  the  Use  of  Biblical  Students.  4th  edition,  revised  and 
enlarged  by  the  Rev.  E.  Miller,  M.A.,  formerly  Fellow  and  Tutor  of  New 
College,  Oxford.  With  Portrait  and  numerous  Lithographed  Facsimiles  of 
MSS.    Demy  8vo.     2  vols.  32s. 

Socrates'  and  Sozomen's  Ecclesiastical  Histories.  Translated  from 
the  Greek.    2  vols.  5s.  each. 

Steere  (E.)  Notes  of  Sermons,  arranged  in  Accordance  with  the 
Church's  Year.  Edited  by  Rev.  R.  M.  Heanley,  M.A.  Oxon.  With 
Introduction  by  the  Bishop  of  Lincoln.     Crown  8vo.    3rd  Series,  7s.  6d. 

Theodoret  and  Evagrius.  Histories  of  the  Church.  Translated 
from  the  Greek,     os. 

Young  (Rev.  P.)    Daily  Readings  for  a  Year  on  the  Life  of  Our 

Lord  and  Saviour  .lesus  Christ.  By  the  Rev.  Peter  Young,  M.A.  6th 
edition.    2  vols.  8vo.  II.  l.-;. 


NAVAL   AND    MILITARY. 

The  British  Fleet :  the  Growth,  Achievements,  and  Duties  of  the 
Navy  of  the  Empire.  By  Commander  Charles  N.  Robinson,  R.N.  With  150 
Illustrations.     Cheaper  edition.     Crown  8vo.  Gs. 

Royal  Navy  Handbooks.  Edited  by  Commander  Charles  N.  Kobinson, 

R.N.     Crov^^l  Svo.  Illustrated,  os.  each,     for  List  .S''c  j)rtge  3i. 

Allen's  Battles  of  the  British  Navy.  Revised  edition,  with  Indexes 
of  Names  and  Events,  and  57  Steel  Engravings,  including  Portraits  of  Earl 
Ch.  Howard,  Drake,  Raleigh,  Earl  Th.  Howard,  Blake,  G.  Monk,  Earl 
Montagu,  Prince  Rupert,  Sir  E.  Hawke,  Sir  G.  Collier,  Sir  R.  Pearson,  Visct. 
Rodney,  R.  Kempenfelt,  Lord  Hood,  Earl  Howe,  Visct.  Bridport,  Earl  St. 
Vincent,  William  IV.,  Sir  .1.  .-saum  irez,  Sir  K.  Keats,  Adm.  Rainier,  Nelson, 
Collingwood,  Sir  S.  Smith,  Sir  T.  H.  Hardy,  Capt.  E.  P.  Brtnton.  Oapt. 
■Willoughbr,  Sir  W.  Ho.-te,  Sir  G.  Cockburn,  Lord  Exmouth,  Adm.  Codrington, 
Sir  R.  Stopford,  and  Plans  of  all  the  Chief  Battle?.  2  vols,  small  post  Svo.  10s. 

Achievements  of  Cavalry.  By  General  Sir  Evelyn  "Wood,  V.C., 
G.C.B.,  G.C.M.G.     Crown  Svo.  with  Maps  and  Plans.     7s.  6d.  net. 

The  Campaign  of  Sedan:  The  Downfall  of  the  Second  Empire, 
August-September  1870.  By  George  Hooper.  With  General  Map  aiid  Six 
Plans  of  Battles.    New  edition.    Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 


24  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 

Waterloo :  The  Downfall  of  the  First  Napoleon.  A  History  of  the 
Campaign  of  1815.  By  Georere  Hooper.  With  Maps  and  Plans.  New  edition, 
revised.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6il. 

History  of  the  Irish   Rebellion  in  1798.      By  W.   H.   Maxwell. 

Illustrated  by  George  Cruikshank.     13th  edition.     7s.  6(1. 

The  War  of  the  Succession  in  Spain  dioring  the  Reign  of  Queen 

Anne,  1702-1711.    Based  on  Original  Manuscripts  and  Contemporary  Records. 
By  Col.  the  Hon.  Arthur  ParneU,  R.E.     Demy  8vo.  Us.     With  Map,  &c. 
The  Revolutionary  Movements  of  1848-9  in  Italy,  Austria,  Hun- 
gary, and  Germany.    With  some  Examination  of  the  previous  Thirty-three 
Years.    By  C.  Edmund  Maurice.    With  lUnstrations.    Demy  8vo.  16s. 


TECHNOLOGY. 

TECHNOLOGICAL    HANDBOOKS. 

Edited  by  Sir  H.  Trueman  Wood. 

Illustrated  and  uniformly  printed  in  small  post  Hvo. 

A  Series  of  Technical  Manuals  for  the  use  of  Workmen  and  others 

practically  interested  in  the  Industrial  Arts,  and  specially  adapted 

for  Candidates  in  the  Examinations  of  the  City  Guilds  Institute. 

'  The  excellent  series  of  technical  handbooks.' — Textile  Manufacturer. 
'  The  admirable  series  of  technological  handbooks.' 

British  Journal  of  Commerce. 
'Messrs.  Bell's  excellent  technical  series.'— MaficTicstcr  Guardian. 
'  Of  inestimable  value  to  manufacturers  as  well  as  teachers  and  stui'ents.' 

Manchester  CouHer. 
Cotton  "Weaving:   Its  Development,  Principles,  and  Practice.     By 
R.  Marsden,  Honorary  Examiner  to  the  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Institute, 
and  Editor  of  the  Textile  Mercury.    With  numerous  Illustrations.     lOs.  6d. 
Cotton  Spinning  :  Its  Development,  Principles,  and  Practice.     With 
an  Appendix  on  Steam.  Engines  and  Boilers.    By  R.  Marsden.    4th  edition. 
6s.  6d. 
WooUen  and  Worsted  Cloth  Manufacture.    By  Professor  Eoberts 
Beaumont,  Textile  Industries  Department  of  the  Yorkshire  College,  Leeds. 
2nd  edition,  revised.     7s.  6d. 

Silk  Dyeing.     By  G.  H.  Hurst,  F.C.S.,  Lecturer  at  the  Manchester 

Technicul  School,  Member  of  the  Society  of  Chemical  Iiidnstry,  Silver 
Medallist,  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Institute.  With  numerous  Coloured 
Patterns.     7s.  6d. 

Goal-Tar  Colours,  The  Chemistry  of.  With  special  reference  to 
their  application  to  Dyeing,  &c.  By  Dr.  R.  Benedikt,  Professor  of  ilhemistry 
in  the  University  of  Vienna.  Translated  from  the  Qeraian  by  E.  Kneclit, 
Ph.D.,  Head  Master  of  the  Chemistry  and  Djeing  Department  in  the 
Techical  College,  Bradford.    2nd  edition,  revised  and  enla'ged.    6s.  6d. 

[A'tic  edition  preparing. 

Dyeing  and  Tissue-Printing.  By  William  Crookes,  F.E.S.-,  V.P.C.S., 
5s.  [Out  of  print. 

Plumbing :  Its  Theory  and  Practice.  By  S.  Stevens  Hellyer,  Author 
of  '  The  Plumbrr  and  Sanitary  Houses,'  '  Lecture.'  oti  the  Science  and  Art  of 
Sanitary  Plumbing,'  &c.     With  Illustrations.    5s. 

Bookbinding.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Art.  By  J.  W.  Zaehns- 
dorf.  With  S  Coloured  Plates  and  numerous  Diagrams.  2ud  edition  re- 
vised.   5s. 


A  Classified  Catalog7ie  of  Selected  Works.  25 

Printing.    A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Art  of  T.vpography  as  applied 

more  particularly  to  the  Printing  of  Books.  By  C.  T.  Jacobi,  Manager  of 
the  Chiswick  Press;  Examiner  in  Typography  to  the  City  and  Guilds  of 
London  Institute.  With  upwards  of  150  Illustrations,  many  useful  Tables, 
and  Glossarial  Index  of  Technical  Terms  and  Phrases.    S.-^. 

Glass  ManufactTire.  Introductory  Essay  by  H.  J.  Powell,  B.A. 
(Whitefriars  Gla^^s  Works) ;  Grown  and  Sheet  Glass,  by  Henry  Chance,  M.A. 
(Chance  Eros.,  Birmingham)  ;  Plate  Glass,  by  H.  G.  Har/is,  Assoc.  Memb. 
Inst.  C.E.    3s.  U. 

Soap  Manufacture.  A  Practical  Treatise  on  the  Fabrication  of 
Hard  and  Soft  Soaps,  and  Analytical  Methods  for  the  determination  of  their 
Chemical  Composition  ;  tosether  with  a  short  account  of  the  materials  em- 
ployed. By  W.  Lawrence  Gadd,  F.T.'\,  P.O.S.,  Registered  Lecturer  on  Soap 
Makinar,  and  the  Technology  of  Oi's  and  Fats;  also  on  Bleaching,  Dyeing, 
and  Calico  Printing,  to  the  City  and  Guilds  of  London  Institute.     5s. 

Gas  Manufacture.  By  John  Hornby,  F.I.C.,  Honours  Medallist  in 
Gas  Manufactures  ;  Lecturer  under  the  City  nrd  Guilds  of  London  Institute  ; 
Author  of  '  The  Gas  Engineer's  Laboratory  Handbook.'     5s. 

The    Art    and    Craft    of   Coach    Building.      By  John  PhiUpson, 

M.Inst.M.E.,  Past  President  of  the  Institute  of  British  Carriage  Manu- 
facturer.s  :  Member  of  the  Coachmakers'  and  Coach  Harness  Makers'  Co., 
London ;  the'Soci  jty  of  Aits,  and  the  Carriage  Builders'  National  Association  ; 
U.S.A.,  &c.    6s.  

BELL'S    AGRICULTURAL   SERIES. 
Crown  8vo.  Illustrated,  2s.  M.  each. 
'  The  most  popular,  the  most  practical,  the  handiest,  and  the  cheapest  collec- 
tion of  works  of  the  kind  ever  published.'  — TTestmoreland  Gazette. 

'  We  cannot  speak  too  highly  of  Bell's  Series  of  Agricultural  Handbooks,  which 
are  standard  works  by  eminent  authors  ;  and  go-ahead  agricultuiists  should  pro- 
cure copies  of  the  handbooks  noticed  without  delay.'— South.  African  AgricvXtMYist. 

The  Farm  and  the  Dairy.  By  Professor  J.  P.  Sheldon,  formerly 
of  the  Boyal  Agricultural  ColJege,  and  of  the  Downton  College  of  Agriculture ; 
late  Special  Commissioner  of  the  Canadian  Government. 

Manures  and  their  Uses.     By  Dr.  A.  B.  Griffiths,  F.R  S.E.,  F.C.S., 

late  Principal  of  the  School  of  Science,  Lincoln. 
The  Diseases  of  Crops  and  their  Remedies.   By  Dr.  A.  B.  Griffiths, 

Soils  and  their  Properties.  By  Dr.  W.  Fream,  B.Sc,  London, 
F.L.S.,  F.G.S.,  F.S.S.     With  a  Geological  Map  of  Great  Britain. 

Tillage  and  Implements.  By  Walter  J.  Maiden.  Professor  of  Agri- 
culture in  the  College  of  Agriculture,  Downton  ;  late  Rfisident  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Koyal  Agricultural  Society's  Experimental  Farm  at  Wobnrn. 

Practical  Fruit  Culture.  A  Treatise  on  Planting,  Growing,  and 
Storage  of  Hardy  Fruits  for  Market  and  Private  Growers.  By  J.  Oheal, 
F.R.H.S.,  Member  of  Fruit  Committee,  Royal  Horticultural  Society,  &c.  &c. 

Specially  adapted  fob  Agbicultur.\l  Classes. 

Croicn  8vo.  IlhMrated,  Is.  each. 

Practical  Dairy  Farming.     By  Professor  Sheldon.     Reprinted  from 

the  Author's  larger  work  entitled  '  The  Farm  and  the  Dairy.' 
Practical  Fniit  Growing.    By  J.  Cheal,  F.R.H.S.     Reprinted  from 
the  Author's  larger  work  entitled  '  Fruit  Cultixre. 


26  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 


SCIENCE. 

Chevreul  on  Colour.  Containing  the  Principles  of  Harmony  and 
Oontrasn  of  Colours,  and  their  Application  to  the  Arts ;  including  Painting, 
Decoration,  Tapestrie?,  Carpet-,  ilosaic*.  Glaziner.  .Staining-.  Calico  Printing, 
Letterpress  Priiitinfr.  Map  Colouriucr,  Dress,  Landsc.Tpe  and  Flower  hardening, 
&c.  Translated  from  the  French  by  Charles  Martel.  3rd  and  only  complete 
edition,  w.th  Introduction  b^  the  Translator.  Index  and  several  Plates. 
Small  post  Svo.  ."is. 

■ With  an  additional  series  of  16  Plates  in  Colours,  7s.  6(i. 

Humboldt's  Cosmos;  or,  Sketch  of  a  Physical  Description  of  the 

Universe.  Translated  by  E.  C.  Otto,  B.  H.  Paul,  and  W.  S.  Dallas,  F.L.S. 
With  Portrait.     .5  vols.     Small  post  Svo.  os.  6(i.  t-ach,  excepting  Vol.  V.,  5s. 

Views  of  Nature :  or.  Contemplations  of  the  Sublime  Phe" 

nomena  of  Creation.  With  Scientific  Illustrations.  Translated  by  E.  C.  Otte 
and  H.  G.  Bohn.  With  a  Facsimile  Letter  from  the  Author,  Translations  of 
the  Quotations,  and  a  very  complete  Index.     Small  post  Svo.  5s. 

Jukes-Browne    (A.   J.)      The  Student's  Handbook    of  Physical 

Geology.  With  numerous  Diagrams  and  Illustrations.  2nd  ei^ition,  much 
enlarged.     Small  pos^t  Svo.  7s.  6(J. 

The   Student's  Handbook   of  Historical    Geology.     "With 

numerous  Diaarams  and  Illustrations.     Small  post  Svo.  tJs. 

The  Btoilding  of  the  British  Isles.    A  Study  in  Geographical 

Evolution.  Illustrated  by  numerous  Map^  and  Woodcuts.  Second  edition, 
revised.     Small  post  Svo.  7s.  6(^. 

Stockhardt.    Experimental  Chemistry.    A  Handbook  for  the  Study 

of  the  Science  by  Simple  Experiments.  Edited  by  C.  W.  Heaton,  F.O.S. 
With  Index  and  numerous  Woodcuts.  Xew  edition,  revised  throughout. 
Small  po.st  Svo.  hf-. 
Baker  (J.  G.)  A  Flora  of  the  English  Lake  District.  By  J.  G. 
Baker,  F.R.S.,  F.L.S. ,  Keeper  of  the  Herbarium  of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 
Demy  Svo.  7s.  6(1. 

Handbook  of  the  Fern  Allies.      A  Synopsis  of  the  Genera 

and  Species  of  the  Natural  Orders,  Equisetaceae,  Lycopodiaceae,  Selagiuel- 
laceae,  Uhizocarpeae.     Demy  Svo.  5s. 

Handbook  of  the  Amaryllideae.  including  the  Alstroemerieae 

and  Agaveae.     Demy  Svo.  6?. 

Handbook  of  the  Bromeliaceae.     Demy  Svo.  5s. 

Handbook  of  the  Irideae.     Demy  Svo.  hi. 

English  Botany.  Contammg  a  Description  and  Life-size  Drawing 
of  every  British  Plant.  Edited  by  T.  Boswell  (formerly  Syme),  LL.D., 
P.L.S.,  &c.  The  Figures  by  J.  C.  Sowerby,  F.L.S.,  J.  De  C.  Sowerby  F.L.S., 
J.  W.  Salter,  A.L.S.,  F.G.S.,  and  J.  E.  Sowerby.  ."ird  edition,  entirely 
revised,  with  descriptions  of  all  the  species  by  the  Editor,  and  1937  fnll-paga 
Coloured  Plates.  In  12  vols.  2il.  3.s.  cloth  ;  271. 15s.  half  morocco  ;  and  311. 13s. 
whole  morocco.  Also  in  89  parts,  5s.  e  ich,  except  part  SO,  containing  an  Index 
to  the  whole  woi-k,  7s.  Qi.    Volumes  sold  separately. 

*^'  A  Supplement  to  the  third  edition  is  now  in  preparation.  Vol.  I.  (Vol. 
XIII.  of  the  complete  work)  containing  orders  I.  to  XL.,  by  N.  E.  Brown,  of 
the  Royal  Herbarium,  Kew,  now  ready,  17s.    Or  in  three  parts,  5s.  each. 

Elementary  Botany.  By  Percy  Groom,  M.A,  (Cantab,  et  Oxon.). 
F.L.S. ,  Examiner  in  Botany  to  the  University  of  Oxford.  With  275  Illustra- 
lions.     Crown  Svo  3.i.  6d. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  27 

Johnson's  Gardener's  Dictionary.    Describing  the  Plants,  Frnits, 

and  Vegetables  desirable  for  the  Garden,  and  explaining  the  Terms  and 
Operations  employed  in  their  cnltivation.  New  edition  (1893-i),  revised  by 
0.  H.  Wright,  F.R.M.S.,  and  D.  Dewar,  Curator  of  the  Botanic  Gardens, 
Glasgow.     Demy  8vo.  9s.  net. 

British  Fungus-Flora.  A  Classified  Text-book  of  Mycology.  By 
George  Massee.    With  numerous  Illustrations.    4  vols.    Post  8vo.  7s.  6(i.  each. 

Botanist's  Pocket- Book.  By  W.  R.  Hayward.  Containing  tbe 
botanical  name,  common  name,  soil  or  situation,  colour,  growth,  and  time  of 
flowering  of  all  plants,  arranged  in  a  tabulated  form.  8th  edition,  revised, 
with  a  new  Appendix.     Fcap.  8vo.  4s.  6<i. 

Index  of  British  Plants,  according  to  the  London  Catalogue  (8th 
edition),  including  the  Synonyms  used  by  the  principal  authors,  an  alphabetical 
list  of  English  names;  also  references  to  the  illustrations  of  Syme's  Bnghsh 
Botany '  and  Bentham's  '  British  Flora.'  By  Robert  Turubull.  Paper,  2s.  6d. ; 
cloth,  3s. 

The  London  Catalogue  of  British  Plants.  Part  I.,  containing  the 
British  Phaenogamia,  Filices,  Equisetaceae,  Lycopodiaceae,  Selaginellaceae, 
Marsileaceae,  and  Characeae.  9th  edition.  Demy  8vo.  6d. ;  interleaved,  m 
limp  cloth,  Is.  _^^_ 

PHILOSOPHY. 

Bacon's  Novum  Organum  and  Advancement  of  Learning.    Edited, 

with  Notes,  by  J.  Devey,  M.A.     Small  post  &vo.  5s. 
Bax's  Manual  of  the  History  of  Philosophy,  for  the  use  of  Students. 

By  E.  Bclfort  Bax,  Editor  of  Kant's  '  Prolegomena.'     Small  post  8vo.  5s. 
Berkeley's  (George)  Works.     Edited  by  George  Sampson.     With  a 

Biogripbical  Introduction  by  the   Right  Hon.  A.  J.  Balfour,  M.P.    3  vols. 

Small  post  8vo.  5s.  each. 

Comte's    Positive    Philosophy.       Translated    and    Condensed    by 

Harriet  Martineau.  With  Introduction  by  Frederic  Harrison.  3  vols.  Small 
post  8vo.  5s.  each. 

Philosophy  of  the  Sciences,  being  an  Exposition  of  the 

Principles  of  the  'Cours  de  Philosophie  Positive.'  By  G.  H.  Lewes.  With 
Index.    Small  post  8vo.  5s. 

Draper's  (J.  W.)   A  History  of  the  Intellectual  Development  of 

Europe.  By  John  William  Draper,  M.D.,  LL.D.  A  new  edition,  thoroughly 
revised  by  the  Author,  with  Index.        2  vols.     Small  post  8vo.  5s.  each. 

Falckenberg's  History  of  Modern  Philosophy.  Translated  by 
Professor  A.  C.  Armstrong.     Demy  8vo.  16s. 

Hegel's  Philosophy  of  Right  (Grundlinien  der  Philosophie  des 
Reclits).  Translated  by  Samuel  W.  Dyde,  M.A.,  D.Sc,  Professor  of  Mental 
Philosophy  in  Queen's  University,  Kingston,  Canada.     Crown  8vo.  7s.  6d. 

Kant's  Critique  of  Pure  Reason.    Translated  by  J.  M.  D.  Meikle- 

john.     Small  post  8vo.  5s. 

Prolegomena  and  Metaphysical  Foundations  of  Natural 

Science.    Translated,  with  Biography  and  Introduction,  by  E.  Belfort  Bax. 
Small  post  Svo.  5s. 
Plotinus,  Select  Works  of.     Translated  from  the  Greek  by  Thomas 
Taylor       With    an  Introduction    containing    tlie  substance  of   Porphyry's 
Plotinus.     Editedby  G.  R.  S.  Mead,  B.A.,M.R.A.S.     Small  post  Svo.  5s. 


28  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 


Ryland  (F.)  Psychology:  an  Introductory  Manual.  Designed 
chiefly  for  the  London  B.A.  and  B.Sc.  By  F.  Ryland,  M.A.,  late  Scholar 
of  St.  John's  CoUefre,  Cambridpre.  Oloth.  7th  edition,  rewritten  and  reset. 
Crown  8vo.  4s.  6d. 

Ethics :    An  Introductory  Manual  for  the  use  of  University 

Students.     Crown  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Logic  :  An  Introductory  Manual.     Crown  Svo.  4s.  6(?. 


Schopenhauer.     On  the  Fourfold  Root  of  the  Principle  of  Suffi- 

cient   Reason,   and   on   the   ^Vill   in    Nature.      Translated  by    Madamo 
Hillebrand.     Small  post  Svo.  5?. 
Essays.     Selected  and  Translated,  with  a  Biographical  Intro- 
duction and  Sketch  of  his  Philosophy,  hy  E.  Belfort  Bax.     S  mall  post  Svo.  5s. 

Spinoza's  Chief  Works.     Translated,  with  Introduction,  by  E.  H.  M. 
Elwes.    2  vols.    Small  post  Svo.  5s.  each. 


ECONOMICS    AND    FINANCE. 

The  Case  against  Bimetallism.     By  Sir  Eobert  Giffen,  C.B. ,  LL.E 

5th  edition.     Crown  Svo.  7s.  6d. 
The  Growth  of  Capital.     By  the  same  author.     Demy  Svo.  7s.  6d. 


Ricajdo  on  the  Principles  of  Pohtical  Economy  and  Taxation. 

Edited  by  E.  C.  K.  Gonner,  M.A.,  Lecturer,  University  College,  Liverpool. 
Sm.  post  Svo.  5s. 

Smith  (Adam).  The  Wealth  of  Nations.  Edited  by  E.  Belfort 
Bax.     2  vols.     Sm.  post  Svo.  7s. 

The  History,  Principles,  and  Practice  of  Banking.  By  the  late 
J.  W.  Gilbart,  F.R.S.,  formerly  Director  and  General  Manager  of  the  London 
and  Westminster  Bank.  New  edition,  revised  by  A.  .'*.  Michie,  of  the  B«yal 
Bank  of  Scotland,  Glasgow.    2  vols,  small  post  Svo.  lO.s. 

SPORTS   AND    GAMES. 

Bohn's  Handbooks  of  Athletic  Sports.  In  8  vols.  Sm.  post  Svo. 
3s.  6d.  each. 

Vol.  I.— Cricket,  by  Hon.  and  Bev.  E.  Lytteltou.  Lawn  Tennis,  by  H.  W.  W. 
WUberforce.  Tennis,  Rackets,  and  Fives,  by  Julian  Marshall,  Major  Spens, 
and  Rev.  J.  A.  Tait.     Golf,  by  W.  T.  Linskill.     Rockev,  by  F.  S.  Creswell. 

Vol.  II.— Rowing  and  ScuUing,  by  W.  B.  Woodgate.  Sailing,  by  E.  F, 
Knight.     Swimming,  by  M.  and  J.  R.  Cobbett. 

Vol.  III. — Boxing,  by  R.  G.  Allanson-Winn.  Broadsword  and  Single  Stick, 
\\-ith  chapters  on  Qnarterstaff,  Bayonet,  Oudpel,  Shillalah,  Walking-Stick, 
and  Umbrella,  by  R.  G.  Allanson-Winn  and  C.  Phillipps-Wolley.  Wrestling, 
by  Walter  Arms. roiig.     Fencing,  by  H.  A.  Colmore  Dunn. 

Vol.  IV. — Rugby  Football,  by  Harry  Vassall.  Association  Football,  by 
C.  W.  Alcock.  Baseball,  by  Newton  Crane.  Rounders,  Bowls,  Quoits, 
Curling,  Skittles,  &c.,  by  C.  C.  Mott  and  J.  M.  Walker. 

Vol.  v.— Cycling  and  Athletics,  by  H.  H.  Griffin.  Skating,  by  Douglas 
Adams. 

Vol.  VI. — Practical  Horsemanship,  including  Riding  for  Ladies,  by  W.  A. 
Kerr,  V.C. 

Vol.  VII.— Camping  Out,  by  A.  A.  Maodonald.  Canoeing,  by  Dr.  J.  D, 
Hayward. 

Vol.  VIII.— Gymnastics,  by  A.  F.  Jenkin.  Clubs,  by  G.  T.  B.  Cobbett  and 
A.  F.  Jenkin. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  29 

Botin  s  Handbooks  of  Games.  New  edition.  In  2  vols.  Small 
post  Svo.  3s.  6(1.  each. 

Vol.  I.— Table  Oames  :  Billiards,  with  Pool,  Pyramids,  and  Snooker,  by 
Major-General  A.  W.  Drayson,  F.R.A.S.,  with  a  preface  by  W.  J.  Peall. 
Ba^'atelle,  by  'Berkeley.'  Chess,  by  R.  F.  Green.  Draughts,  Backgammon, 
Dominoes,  Solitaire,  Reversi,  Go-Bang,  Rouge  etNoir,  Roulette,  E.O.,  Hazard, 
Faro,  by  '  Berkeley.' 

Vol.11.— Card  Games:  Whist,  by  Dr.  William  Pole,  F.R.S.,  Author  of 
'  The  Philosophy  of  Whist,'  &o.  Solo  Whist,  by  R.  F.  Green.  Piquet,  Eeart6, 
Euchre,  BtJzique,  and  Cribbage,  by  'Berkeley.'  Poker,  Loo,  Vingt-et-un, 
Napoleon,  Newmarket,  Pope  Joan,  Speculation,  &c.  &c.,  by  Baxter-Wray. 

Morphy's   Games   of  Chess,  being  the   Matches   and  best   Games 

plaved  by  the  American  Champion,  with  explanatory  and  analytical  Notes  by 
J.  Lu  wenlhal.    With  short  Memoir  and  Portrait  of  Morphy.    Bm.  post  Svo.  5s. 

Stavmton's  Chess-Player's  Handbook.  A  Popular  and  Scientific 
Introduction  to  the  Game.     With  numerous  diagi'ams.     5s. 

Chess  Praxis.  A  Supplement  to  the  Chess-player's  Hand- 
book. Containing  the  most  important  modem  improvements  in  the  Openings ; 
Code  of  Chess  Laws ;  and  a  Selection  of  Morphy's  Games.     Small  post  Svo.  5s. 

Chess-Player's  Companion.   Comprising  a  Treatise  on  Odds, 


Collection  of  Match  Games,  and  a  Selection  of  Original  Problems.    With 
coloured  Frontispiece.     Small  post  Svo.  5s. 

Chess  Studies  and  End- Games.  In  Two  Parts.  Part  I,  Cheaa 
Studios.  Part  II.  Miscellaneous  Knd-Games.  By  B.  Horwitz  and  J.  Kling. 
2nd  edition,  revised  by  the  Rev.  W.  Wayte,  M.A.     Demy  Svo.  7s.  6d. 

Hints  on  Billiards.  By  J.  P.  Buchanan,  Illustrated  with  36 
Diagrams.     Crown  Svo.  3s.  Gd,. 

Sturges's  Gmde  to  the  Game  of  Draughts.'  With  Critical  Situa- 
tions. Revised,  with  Additional  Play  on  the  Modern  Openings,  by  J.  A.  Kear, 
Editor  of  '  The  International  Draught  Magazine.'  2nd  Ediiion.  Crown  Svo. 
3s.  6cJ. 

Hints  on  Driving.  By  Captain  C.  Morley  Knight,  E.A.  Illustrated 
by  G.  U.  A.  White,  Royal  Artillery.  2nd  edition,  revised  and  enlarged. 
Crown  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Golf,  in  Theory  and  Practice.  Hints  to  beginners.  By  H.  S.  C. 
Everai-d,  St.  Andrew's,  With  22  Illustrations.  2nd  Edition.  Crown  Svo.  3s.  6(J. 

Half-Hours  with  an  Old  Golfer;  a  Pot-pourri  for  Golfers.  By 
Calamo  Currente.  With  40  Illustrations  and  4  Coloured  Plates  by  G.  A. 
Lanndy.     Crown  Svo.  3s.  6(X. 

Schools  and  Masters  of  Fence,  from  the  Middle  Ages  to  the 
Eighteenth  Century.  With  a  Sketch  of  the  Development  of  the  Art  of 
Fencing  with  the  Rapier  and  the  Small  Sword,  and  a  Bibliography  of  the 
Fencing  Art  during  that  Period.  Bj  Egerton  Castle,  M.A.  With  numerous 
Illustrations.     2nd  edition.     Small  post  Svo.  6s. 

Oars  and  Sculls,  and  How  to  Use  them.  By  W.  B.  Woodgate,  M.A, 
Brasenoso  Collfge,  Oxford.     Crown  Svo.  2s.  6d. 

Dancing  as  an  Art  and  Pastime.    With  40  full-page  illustrations 

fi-om  life.     By  Edward  Scott.     Crown  Svo.  6s. 


30 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 


THE     ALL-ENGLAND     SERIES. 

HANDBOOKS   OF    ATHLETIC    GAMES. 
The  only  Series  issued  at  a  moderate  price,  by  "Writers  who  are  in 
the  first  rank  in  their  respective  departments. 
•  The  best  instruction  on  games  and  sports  by  the  best  authorities,  at  the  lowest 
prices.*— 0-i/ord  Magazine. 

Small  Svo.  cloth.  Illustrated.     Pi  ice  Is.  each. 
Cricket.    By  the   Hon.  and  Eev.   l  Wrestling.     By   Wai^ter   Aru- 


E.  Lttteltok. 
Lawn    Tennis.      By    H.   W.    W. 
Wii-BEKFORCB.     With  a  Chapter  for 
Ladies,  by  Mr;.  Hilltaed. 

Tennis  and  Rackets  and  Fives. 

By  JcLlAN  Makshall,  Major  J.  Speks, 

and  Kev.  J.  A.  Arnak  Tait. 
Golf.  By  W.  T.  Li.N-SKiLi.. 
Rowing  and  SculHng.     By  W.  B. 

Woodgate. 
Sailing.ByE.F.KNiGHT.dbl.vol.  2s. 
Swimming.     By  Martin  and  J. 

Racster  Cobbett. 
Camping  out.     By  A.  A.  Macdon- 

ELL.     Double  vol.     2s. 
Canoeing.    By  Dr.  J.  D.  Hatward. 

Double  vol.    2s. 
Mountaineering.     By  Dr.  Claude 

Wilson.    Double  vol.    2s. 
Athletics.     Bv  H.  H.  Griffin. 
Riding.     By  W.   A.   Kerr,    V.C. 

Double  vol.    2s. 

Ladies' Riding.  By  W.A.Kerk.V.C. 
Boxing.   By  E.  G.  Allanson-Winn. 

With  Prefatorv  Note  bv  Bat  Mullins. 

Cycling.  By  H.H.  Griffin, L.A.C., 
N.C.U.,  C.T.C.  With  a  Chapter  for 
Ladies,  by  Miss  Agnes  Wood. 

Fencing.    By  H.  A.  Colmore  Dunn. 


STRONG  ('Cross-buttocker'). 
Broadsword      and      Singlestick, 
By  R.  G.  Allanson-Winn  and  C.  Phil- 

LIPPS-WOLLET. 

Gymnastics.     By   A.   F.   Jenkin. 

Double  vol.  2s. 
Gymnastic  Competition  and  Dis. 

play  Exercises.      Compiled  by 

F.  Gkaf. 
Indian  Clubs.     By  G.  T.  B.  Cob- 
bett and  A.  F.  Jenkin. 
Dimib-bells.     By  F.  Graf. 
Football  —  Rugby    Game. 

Haret  Tassall. 
Football — Association  Game. 

C.  W.  Alcoce.    Revised  Edition. 
Hockey.      By    F.    S.    Creswell. 

(In  Paper  Cover,  6d.) 
Skating.      By     Douglas     Adams. 

With  a  Chapter  for  Ladies,  by  Miss  L. 

CiiEETHAM,  and  a  Chapter  on   Speed 

Skating,  by  a  Fen  Skater.   Dbl.  vol.  2s. 
Baseball.  "  By  Newton  Crane. 
Rounders,  Fieldball,  Bowls, 

Quoits,    Curling,   Skittles,    &c. 

By  J.  M.  Walker  and  C.  C.  Mott. 
Dancing.      By    Edward    Scott. 

Double  vol.     2s. 


By 
Bv 


THE  CLUB  SERIES  OF  CARD  AND  TABLE  GAMES. 

No  well-regulated  club  or  country  house  should  be  without  this  useful  series  of  books. 
"      "  ■"  '   "     "^"     "rated.     Price  Is.  each.  Globe. 

Dominoes  and  Solitaire. 

By  '  Berkelet.' 
Bezique  and  Cribbage. 


Small  Svo.  cloth.  111 

Whist.     By  Dr.  Wai.  Pole,  F.E.S. 

Solo  Whist.   By  Egbert  F.  Green. 

BUliards.  With  Chapters  on  Pool. 
Pvramids,  and  Snooker.  Br  Major- 
Gen.  A.  W.  Dratson,  F.R.A.S.  With 
a  Preface  by  W.  J.  Peall. 

Chess.     By  Egbert  F.  Green. 

The  Two-Move  Chess  Problem. 
By  B.  G.  Laws. 

Chess  Openings.  By  I.  Gunsberg. 

Draughts  and  Backgammon. 

By  '  Bekkeley." 
Reversi  and  Go  Bang. 
By  '  Bkekblkt  ' 


,  By  '  Berkeley.' 
Ecarte  and  Euchre. 

By  '  Berkeley.' 
Piquet  and  Rubicon  Piquet 

By  '  Berkeley.' 
Skat.     By  Loois  Diehl. 

*„''  A  Skat  Scoring-book.     Is. 
Roimd  Games,   including  Poker, 
Napoleon,   Lo(.>,  Vingt-et-un,  &c.      By 

BAXTHuWliAY. 

School  and  Parlour  Games. 
By  Mrs.  Laurence  Gomsie. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  l^orks.  31 


FICTION. 

(See  also  '  Standard  Books.') 
Bjornson's  Arne   and  the  Fisher   Lassie.      Translated  from   the 

Norse  with  an  Introduction  by  W.  H.  Low,  M.A.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 
Burney's  Evelina;  or,  The  History  of  a   Young  Lady's   Entrance 
into  the  World.     By  Frances  Burney  (Mine.  D'Arblay).     With  an  Introduce 
tion  and  Notes  by  A.  R.  Ellis.     Small  post  8vo.  Ss.  6d, 
Cecilia.     2  vols,  small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d.  each 


Cervantes'  Galatea.      A  Pastoral  Eomance.     Translated  from  the 

Spanish  by  G.  W.  J.  Gyll.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

Exemplary  Novels.    Translated  from  the  Spanish  by  Walter 

K.  Kelly.     Small  post  8vo.  3.s.  Gd. 

Don  Qmxote  de  la  Mancha.    Motteux's  Translation,  revised. 


With  Lockhart's  Life  and  Notes.     2  vols,  small  po.st  8vo.  3s.  6il.  each. 
Classic  Tales,  containing  Basselas,  Yicar  of  "Wakefield,  Gulliver's 

Travels,  and  The  Sentimental  Journey.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 
De  Stael's  Corinne  or  Italy.    By  Madame  de  Stael.     Translated  by 

Emily  Baldwin  and  Paulina  Driver.     Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 
Ebers'  Eg3rptian  Princess.    An  Historical  Novel.    By  George  Ebers. 

Translated  by  E.  S.  Buchheim.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Edmonds  (Mrs.)     Amygdala.    A  Story  of  the  French  Revolution. 

2s.  6d.  net. 
Fielding's  Adventures   of  Joseph  Andrews  and  His  Friend  Mr. 

Abraham  Adams.     With  Cruikshank's  Illastratious.     3s.  6d. 
History  of  Tom   Jones,  a   Foundling.      Eoscoe's  Edition, 

with  Georse  Cruikshank's  Illustrations.     2  vols,  small  post  Svo.  3.s.  6d.  each. 

Amelia.     Illustrated  by  George  Cruikshank.     5s. 

Gift  (Theo.)     Dishonoured.     6s. 

Gil  Bias,  the  Adventures  of.    Translated  by  Smollett.     Illustrated 

by  Smirke  and  Cniikshank.     Small  post  Svo.  6s. 
Hauff  s  Tales.     The  Caravan— The  Sheik  of  Alexandria— The  Inn 

in  the  Spessjirt.  Translated  by  S.  Mendel.  Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 
Hawthorne's  Tales.  4  vols.  Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 
Hoflfinann's  Tales,     The  Serapion  Brethren.     Translated  by  Lieut.. 

Col.  Ewing.     2  vols.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  M.  each. 
Holnut  (W.  S.)     Oljonpia's  Journal.     Crown  8vo.  3s.  6d. 
Manzoni.       The    Betrothed.       By    Alessandro    Manzoni.       With 

numerous  Woodcut  Illustrations      Small  post  Svo.  5s. 
PoushMn's  Prose  Tales.    Translated  from  the  Russian  by  T.  Keane. 

Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 
Smollett's  Roderick  Random.     With  Cruikshank's  Illustrations  and 

Bibliography.     Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d. 

Peregrine  Pickle.     With  Cruikahank's  Illustrations.     2  vols. 

Small  post  Svo.  3s.  6d.  each. 

Htunphry  Clinker.     With  Cruikshank's  Illustrations.    Small 


post  Svo.  3s.  6d, 

Steele  (Mrs.  A.  C.)     Lesbia.     A  Study  in  one  volume.     6s. 
Sttnde  (J.)     The  Buchholz  Family.     Sketches  of  Berlin  Life.    By 

Julius  Stinde.    Translated  from  the  49th  ed;iior.  of  the  German  by  L.  Dora 

Schmitz.    Popular  edition,  picture  boards,  23. 


32  A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works. 


Stlnde  (J.)    The  Buchholz  Family.    Second  Part-    Popular  edition. 

Picture  boards,  2s. 

The    Buchholzes   in    Italy.       Translated    from    the    37th 

edition  of  the  origiual  by  Harriet  F.  Powell.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s. 

Frau  Wilhelmine.     Being  the  Conclusion  of  '  The  Buchholz 


Family.'     Translated  by  Harriet  F.  Powell.     Crown  8vo.  cloth,  3s. 

BOOKS    FOR   THE   YOUNG. 

Andersen  (Hans  Christian).  Fairy  Tales  and  Sketches.  Trans- 
lated by  C.  C.  Peachey,  H.  Ward,  A.  Plesner,  &c.  With  umnerous  lUus- 
tratious  by  Otto  Speckter  and  others.    7th  thousand.     Crown  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

Tales   for    Children.     With   48   full -page   Illustrations    by 

Wehnert,  and  57  small  Engravings  on  Wood  by  W.  Thomas.  13th  thousa  d. 
Crown  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

Danish  Legends  and  Fairy  Tales.     Translated  from  the 


Original  by  Caroline  Peachey.    With  a  Short  Life  of  the  Author,  and  120 
Wood  Engi-avings,  chiefly  by  Foreign  Artists.     SmaU  post  8vo.  5s. 
Edgeworth's  Stories  for  Children.   With  8  Illustrations  by  L.  Speed. 

Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

Ford  (Mrs.  Gerard).  Master  Rex.  By  Mrs.  Gerard  Ford,  Illus- 
trated by  James  Cadeuhead,  Florence  M.  Cooper,  and  Louise  S.  Sweet.  2nd 
edition.    Crown  8vo.  3s. 

Pixie:   and  the  Hill -House  Farm.     Illustrated  by  James 

Oadenhead  and  Florence  M.  Cooper.    2nd  edition.     Crown  8vo.  3s. 

Gatty's  Parables  from  Nature.  With  Notes  on  the  Natural  History, 
and  numerous  full-page  Illustrations  by  W.  Holman  Hunt,  E.  Burne  Jones, 
J.  Tenniel,  J.  Wolf,  and  other  eminent  artists.  Complete  edition  with  short 
Memoir  by  J.  H.  Ewing.     Crown  8vo.  5s. 

Pocket  Volume  Edition.    2  vols.    Imp.  32mo.  5s. 

Cheap  Edition.    lUustrated.    2  vols.    Fcap.  4to.  paper  covers.  Is.  each ; 
or  bound  in  1  vol.  cloth,  3s. 

Grimm's  Gammer  Grethel;  or,  German  Fairy  Tales  and  Popular 
Stories,  containing  42  Fairy  Tales.  Translated  by  Edgar  Taylor.  With 
numerous  Woodcuts  after  George  Crnikshank  and  Ludwig  Grimm.     3s.  6d. 

Tales.     With  the  Notes  of  the  Original.     Translated  by  Mrs. 

A.  Hunt.   With  Introduction  by  Andrew  Lang,  M.A.    2  vols.    3s.  6d.  each. 

Harald  the  Viking.  A  Book  for  Boys.  By  Capt.  Charles  Young. 
With  Illustrations  by  J.  Williamson.     Crown  8vo.  5s. 

Stowe's  Uncle  Tom's  Cabin ;  or.  Life  among  the  Lowly.  With  In- 
troductory Remarks  by  Rev.  J.  Shei-man.  With  8  full-page  lUustrations. 
Small  post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

The  Wide,  Wide  World.    A  Story.    By  Elizabeth  Wetherell.    Sm. 

post  8vo.  3s.  6d. 

Uncle  Peter's  Riddle.  By  Ella  K.  Sanders.  Illustrated  by  Florence 
M.Cooper.    28.  

CAPT.  MARRYAT'S  BOOKS  FOR  BOYS. 

Uniform,  Illustrated  Edition.     Small  post  8vo.  3s,  6d.  each. 


Poor  Jaok. 

The  Mission  ;  or,  Scenes  in  Africa. 
The  Pirate,  and  Three  Cutters. 
Peter  Simple. 


The  Settlers  in  Canada. 
The  Privateersman. 
Masterman  Ready. 
Midshipman  Easy. 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  33 


MRS.   EWING'S   BOOKS. 

Uniform  Edition,  in  9  vols. 

We   and  The  "World.     A  Story  for  Boys.     By  the   late   Juliana 

Ilonitio  Ewiug.     With  7  Illustrations  by  W.  L.  Jones.     5,tli  edition.    3s. 
A  Flat  Iron  for  a  Farthing ;  or,  Some  Passages  in  the  Life  of  an 

Only  Sou.    With  12  Illustrations  by  H.  AUingham.    16tli  edition.    3s. 
Mrs.  Overtheway's  Remembrances.     Illustrated  with   9  fine   fuU- 

pape  Engravings  by  Pasqnior,  and  Frontispiece  by  Wolf.     Gth  edition.    3s. 
Six  to  Sixteen :  A  Story  for  Girls.     With  10  Illustrations  by  Mrs. 

Allingliam.    8th  edition.    3.s. 
Jan  of  the  Windmill :  a  Story  of  the  Plains.     "With  11  Illustrations 

by  Mrs.  Alliugham.     5th  edition.     3s. 

A  Great  Emergency.  A  very  Ill-tempered  Family — Our  Field — 
Madame  Liberality.    AVith  4  lUustrations.     3rd  edition.    3s. 

Melchior's  Dream.  The  Blackbird's  Nest— Friedrich's  Ballad— A 
Bit  of  Green— Monsieur  the  Viscount's  Friend— The  Yew  Lane  Ghosts— A 
Bad  Habit— A  Happy  Family.  With  8  lUustpatious  by  Gordon  Browne.  7th 
edition.    3s. 

Lob-Lie-by-the-Fire,  or  the  Luck  of  Lingborough  ;  and  other  Tales. 
With  3  Illustrations  by  George  Cruikshank.     4th  edition.     Imp.  16mo.  3s.  6d. 

The  Brownies.  The  Land  of  Lost  Toys— Three  Christmas-trees.— 
An  Idyl  of  the  Wood— Christmas  Crackers— Amelia  and  the  Dwarfs— Timothy's 
Shoes— Benjy  in  Beastland.  Illustrated  by  George  Cruikshank.  8th  edition. 
Imp.  16mo.  3s,  6d. 


THE    SHILLING  SERIES. 

Fcap.  ito.  double  columns,  Illustrated,  Is.  each, 
Mrs.  Ewing's  Melchior's  Dream,  and  other  Tales. 
A  Flat  Iron  for  a  Farthing. 

Six  to  Sixteen. 

__ —  We  and  the  World. 

Mrs.  Overtheway's  Remembrances. 

Jan  of  the  Windmill. 

A  Great  Emergency,  and  other  Tales. 

The  Brownies,  and  other  Tales. 

Mrs.  Gatty's  Parables  from  Nature.    Two  Series,  each  Is. 

Miss  Procter's  Legends  and  Lyrics.     Two  Series,  each  Is 

Hector.      A   Story   for  Young   People.      With   12   Illustrations   by 
W.  J.  Hennessey.    By  Flora  Shaw,  Author  of  '  Castle  Blair.' 

Andersen's  Tales.    Translated  by  Caroline  Peachey. 


34  A  Classified  Cafah\^iie  of  Sckckd  Works. 


ROYAL  NAVY  HANDBOOKS. 

EUUED    BY 

COMMANDER  C.  N.  ROBINSON,  R.N. 

Profusely  Illustrated,     Crown  8vo.   5.f.  each. 

Now  Ready. 

1.  NAVAL   ADMINISTRATION.      By   Admiral    Sir   R.    Vesey 

Hamilton,  G.C.B.     With  Portraits  and  other  Illustrations. 

2.  THE  MECHANISM  OF  MEN-OF-WAR.     By  Fleet-Engineer 

Reginald  C.  Oldknow,  R.N.     With  6i  Illustrations. 

3.  TORPEDOES  AND  TORPEDO-VESSELS.      By  Lieutenant 

G,  E.  Armstrong,  late  R,N.     With  53  Illustrations. 

4.  NAVAL  GUNNERY,  a  Description  and  History  of  the  Fighting 

Equipment  of  a  Mnn-of-War.     By  Captain'  H.  Garbktt,  R.N.     With 

125  Illustrations. 

The  follow  in;:;  Volumes  arc  in  preparation, 

5.  THE    ENTRY    AND    TRAINING    OF    OFFICERS    AND 

MEN    OF   THE    ROYAY   NAVY   AND   THE   ROYAL    MARINES. 

By  Lieutenant  J.  N.  Allen,  lute  R.N. 

6.  NAVAL  STRATEGY  AND  THE  PROTECTION  OF  COM- 

MERCE.    By  Professor  J.  K.  Laughton,  R.N. 

7.  THE  INTERNAL  ECONOMY  OF  A  MAN-OF-WAR. 

8.  NAVAL  ARCHITECTURE. 

9.  DOCKYARDS  AND  COALING  STATIONS. 
10.  NAVAL  TACTICS. 

iL    NAVAL  HYGIENE. 

12.   THE  LAWS  OF  THE  SEA. 

PRESS   OPINIONS. 

'Commander  Robinson,  whose  able  work,  "The  British  Fleet,"  was  reviewed  in  these 
columns  in  November,  1P941  has  now  iindert.iken  the  editing  of  a  series  of  handbooks,  each 
of  which  will  deal  with  one  particular  subject  connected  witli  that  great  creation,  the  Royal 
Navy.  Our  national  literature  has  certainly  lacked  much  in  this  respect.  Such  books  as 
have  heretofore  been  produced  have  almost  invari.-xbly  been  of  a  character  too  scientific  and 
technical  to  be  of  much  use  to  the  general  public.  The  series  now  being  issued  is  intended  to 
obviate  this  defect,  and  when  completed  will  form  a  description,  both  historical  and  actual,  of  the 
Royal  Navy,  which  will  not  only  be  of  use  to  the  professional  student,  but  ,ilso  be  of  interest 
to  all  who  are  concerned  in  the  maintenance  and  efficiency  of  the  Na\'y.' — Broad  Arrcnv. 

'The  series  of  naval  handbooks  edited  by  Commander  Robinson  ha.s  made  a  most  hopeful 
beginning,  and  may  be  counted  upon  to  supply  the  growing  popular  dem.ind  for  information 
in  regard  to  the  Navy,  on  which  the  national  exi:;tence  depends.' — Times, 

'Messrs.  Hell's  series  of  "Royal  Navy  Handbooks"  promises  to  be  a  very  successful 
enterprise.  'I'hey  are  practical  anil  definitely  informative,  and,  though  meant  for  the  ii.se  of 
)  ersons  closely  .acquainted  with  their  subjects,  they  are  not  so  discouragingly  technical  as  to 
be  useless  to  the  lay  seeker  after  knowledge.' — Bookiiian 


A  Classified  Catalogue  of  Selected  Works.  35 

BELL'S    CATHEDRAL   SERIES. 

5llustrateD  /nbonograpbs  In  1F3anD»  SI3C. 

EDITED   BY 

GLEESON    WHITE    and    E.    F.    STRANGE. 
In  specially  designed  cloth  cover.,  crown  Zvo.    \s.  6d.  each. 

Already  Published. 
CANTERBURY.     By  Hartley  Withers,     and  Edition,  revised.. 

36  Illustrations. 
SALISBURY.     By  Gleeson  White.     2nd  Edition,  revised. 

50  Illustrations. 
CHESTER.     By  Charles  Hiatt.     24  Illustrations. 
ROCHESTER.     By  G.  H.  Palmer,  B.A.      38  Illustrations. 
OXFORD.     By  Rev.  Percy  Dearmer,  M.A.     34  Illustrations. 
EXETER.     By  Percy  Addleshaw,  B.A.     35  Illustrations. 
WINCHESTER.     By  P.  W.  Sergeant.     50  Illustrations. 
NORWICH.     By  C.  H.  B.   Quennell.     38  Illustrations. 
LICHFIELU.     By  A.  B.  Clifton.     42  Illustrations. 
PETERBOROUGH.     By  Rev.  W.  D.   Sweeting.     51  IlluUrations. 
HEREFORD.     By  A.  Hugh  Fisiiek.     34  Illustrations. 
In  the  Press. 
LINCOLN.     By  A.  B.  Kkndrick,  B.A. 
DURHAM.       By  T.   E.   Rvgate. 
GLOUCESTER.     By  H.  J.  L.  MASSli. 
YORK.     By  A.  Glutton  Brock,  B.A. 
Pre/an'fi^. 
WELLS.   By  Rev.  Percy  Dearmer,  M.A.        ELY.     By  T.  D.  Atkinson. 
ST.  DAVID'S.    By  Philip  Robson.  WORCESTER.    By  E.  F.  Strange. 

SOUTHWELL.     By  Rev.  Akthuk  Dimocic. 
CHICHESTER.  CARLISLE.  ST.  PAUL'S.  BRISTOL. 

ST.  ALBANS.  RIPON. 

Uiiiforin  with  above  .Series, 
BEVERLEY   MINSTER.      By  Charles  Hiatt.  [PrcJ-aring. 


'The  volumes  are  handy  in  sire,  moderate  in  price,  well  illuslialed,  and  written  iti  a 
scholarly  spirit,  The  history  of  cathedral  and  city  is  intelligently  set  forth  and  accompanied 
by  a  descriptive  survey  of  the  building  in  all  its  detail.  The  illustrations  are  copious  and  well 
selected,  and  the  series  bids  fair  to  become  an  indispensable  companion  to  the  cathedral 
tourist  in  England.'— T'/wi'^. 

'  We  have  so  frequently  in  these  columns  urged  the  want  of  cheap,  well-illustrated  and 
well-written  handbooks  to  our  cathedrals,  to  take  the  place  of  the  out-of-date  publications  of 
local  booksellers,  that  we  are  glad  to  hear  that  they  have  been  taken  in  hand  by  Messrs. 
George  Bell  &  Sons.'— 5/.  James's  Gazette. 

'  For  the  purpose  at  which  they  aim  they  are  admirably  done,  and  there  are  few  visitants 
to  any  of  our  noble  shrines  who  will  not  enjoy  their  visit  the  belter  for  being  furnished  with 
one  of  these  delightful  books,  which  can  be  slipped  into  the  pocket  and  carried  with  ease,  and 
yet  is  distinct  and  legil.>le.'— AVi'w  nnd  Queries, 


(        36        ) 

N£1V  AND   FORTHCOMING    VOLUMES   OP 

BOHN'S  LIBRARIES. 


THE  PROSE  WORKS  OF  JONATHAN  SWIFT.  A  New  Edition, 
edited  Vjy  Temple  Scott,  with  an  Introduction  by  the  Right  Hon.  \V.  E.  H. 
Lecky,  alp.     In  about  ten  vohimes.     ^s.  6d.  each. 

'An  adequate  edition   of  Swift — the  whole   of  Swift,  and  nothing  but  Swift — has  long  been 

one  of  the  pressing  needs  of  students  of  English  literature Mr.  Temple  Scott  may  well 

be  congratulated  on  his  skill  and  judgment  as  a  commentator.'' — Atheiiaum. 

'  From  the  specimen  now  before  us  we  may  safely  predict  that  Mr.  Temple  Scott  will  easily 
distance  both  Roscoe  and  Swift.  He  de5er\'es  the  gratitude  of  all  lovers  of  literature  for  enabling 
Swift  again  to  make  his  bow  to  the  wor.'d  in  so  satisfactorj'  and  complete  a  ?,a.rh.'—  Manchester 
Guardian. 

'The  re-issue  is  a  worthy  addition  to  Bohn's  Libraries,  and  promises  to  be  by  far  the  most 
valuable  edition  of  Swift's   works  yr.t  published.' — Pali  Al all  Gazette. 

Vol.  I.— A  Tale  of  a  Tub,  The  Battle  of  the  Books,  and  other  early 
•woiks.  Edited  by  Temple  Scott.  With  Biographical  Introduction  by 
W.  E.  H.   Lecky,  M.P.     With  Portrait  and  P'acsimile. 

Vol.  II.— The  Journal  to  Stella.  Edited  by  F.  Ryland,  M.A.  With  a 
Facsimile  Letter  and  two  Portraits  of  Stella. 

Vol.  III. — Writings  on  Religion  and  the  Church.  Edited  by  Temple 
Scott.     With  a  portrait  in  photogravure  after  Jervas.  [/«  the  press. 

THE  WORKS  OF  GEORGE  BERKELEY,  Bishop  of  Cloyne.  Edited 
by  George  Sampson.  With  a  Biographical  Introduction  by  the  Right  Hon. 
A.  J.  Balfour,  M.P.     3  vols.     $s.  each.  {Vol.  I  ready. 

THE  LAY  OF  THE  NIBELUNGS.  Metrically  translated  from  the  Old 
(jerman  Text  by  Alice  Horton,  and  Edited  by  Edward  Bell,  M.A.  To 
which  is  prefixed  the  Essay  on  the  Nibelungen  Lied,  by  Thomas  Carlyle.    55. 

LELAND'S  ITINERARY.  Edited  by  Laurence  Gomme,  F.S.A.  In 
several  volumes.  {Preparing. 

GASPARY'S  HISTORY  OF  ITALIAN  LITERATURE.  Translated 
by  Hermann  Oelsner,  Ph.D.     Vol.  I.  [Prc/ariitg. 

MOTLEY'S    HISTORY  of  the    RISE  of  the  DUTCH    REPUBLIC. 

With  Introduction  by  Moncure  D.  Conway,  and  Portrait  of  Motley.     3  vol?. 
y.  6d.  each. 

THE  CAMPAIGN  OF  SEDAN  :  The  Downfall  of  the  Second  Empire, 
August-September,  1870.  By  George  Hooper,  Author  of  'Waterloo;  the 
Downfall  of  the  First  Napoleon  :  a  History  of  the  Campaign  of  1815.'  With 
General  Map  and  Six  Plans  of  Battle.     New  Edition.     35.  6d. 

COLLIER'S  ANNALS    OF    THE    STAGE    TO    THE    RESTORA- 

TION.     By  J.  Payne  Collier,  F.S.A.     2  vols.  In  the  press. 

COLLIER'S  HISTORY  OF  ENGLISH  DRAMATIC  POETRY  TO 

THE  TIME  OF  SHAKESPEARE.     3  vols.  S^Preparing. 


BOHN'S    LIBRARIES 

1847-1897. 
Fiftieth  Anniversary  of  Publication. 

THE  inauguration  of  this  series  of  copyright  works  was  the  first 
attempt  on  the  part  of  English  pubhshers  to  provide  s^ood 
literature  at  a  low  price.  It  was  commenced  in  1847  by  Mr.  H.  G. 
Bohn  with  the  issue  of  his  Standard  Lirrary,  which  consisted 
of  reprints  and  translations  of  the  classical  literature  of  England, 
Germany,  France,  and  Italy.  The  success  which  attended  this  was 
so  great  that  Mr.  Bohn  was  encouraged  to  extend  the  field,  and  he 
started  the  various  'Libraries'  known  as  The  Scientific,  The 
Illustrated,  The  Classical,  The  Antiquarian,  &c.  In  every 
case  the  works  were  admirably  printed  on  good  paper,  and  furnished 
with  illustrations,  portraits,  and  maps  of  the  highest  quality.  So 
important  an  influence  has  this  series  obtained  in  the  advancement  of 
English  education,  that  there  is  hardly  a  library,  public  or  private, 
the  nucleus  of  which  is  not  founded  in  '  Bohn.' 

THOMAS  CARLYLE  said  of  it:  '/  7Jiay  say,  in  regard  to  all 
manner  of  books,  Bohn's  Publication  Series  is  the  usefulkst  thing 
I  kno-u;'  and  his  friend  EMERSON  recognised  its  admirable 
purpose  when  he  said:  '  The  translations  <•'/ Bohn's  Liisrary  ha7'e 
done  for  literature  what  railroads  have  done  for  internal  intercourse' 

In  1864  Messrs.  Bell  ^S:  Sons  acquired  the  series,  and  from  time 
to  time  added  new  works,  until  to-day  it  includes  over  770  volumes  in 
all  departments  of  literature,  art,  and  science,  \yith  the  jjrogress  of 
scholarship  and  research,  Messrs.  Bell  &  Sons  have  found  that  new 
editions  and  new  translations  were  necessary,  and  these  they  have 
initiated,  with  the  result  that  Bohn's  Libraries  are  unrivalled  for 
accuracy  of  text.  As  for  the  editorial  work,  the  chief  literary  organ 
of  America— the  New  York  CRITIC— considers  'the  Imprint  oj 
Bohn's  Standard  Library  is  a  guaranty  of  good  editing.' 

Within  late  years  the  publishers  have  so  far  improved  the  paper, 
printing,  and  binding,  that  the  volumes  form  handsome  as  well  as 
essential  additions  to  every  library. 


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'  Messrs.  Bell  &  Sons  are  still  energetically  pursuing  their  task  of  adding  to 
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nounced to  be  "the  usefuHest  thing  I  know,"  and  are  .  .  .  constantly  adding  to 
the  Libraries,  in  the  new  and  certainly  pleasanter  form,  reprints  of  Standard 
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BOHN'S  LIBRARIES 


STANDARD   LIBRARY . 
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361 
23 
21 
15 
36 
76 
16 

107 
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44 
5 
30 
17 
10 
55 


SELECT  LIBRARY  OF  STANDARD  WORKS    31 


Volumes. 
Volumes. 
Volumes. 
Volumes. 
Volumes. 
Volumes, 
Volumes. 
Volumes. 
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Volumes. 
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Volumes. 
Volumes. 
Volumes. 


•Messrs.  Bell  are  determined  to  do  more  than  maintain  the  reputation  of 
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Crilic- (Ti.Y.) 
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Library  are  being  issued  is  not  meant  to  hide  either  indifference  in  the  selection  of 
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Si.  James's  Gazette. 
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L4iaracler  to  "  Bohn's  Libraries. "  ' — Athencrnm. 

'  The  seven  hundred  and  forty-eight  volumes  of  which  the  set  consists  form  a 
Collection  of  literature  which,  for  general  usefulness  and  convenience,  is  quite 
unequalled  ;  and  in  their  new  form  this  convenience  is  decidedly  increased.' 

National  Obscnxr, 


AN   ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF 

THE  BOOKS  CONTAINED  IN 

BOHN'S    LIBRARIES. 

771  Volumes,   SmaU   Post   8vo.  cloth.      Price   £164 
Complete  Detailed  Catalogue  will  be  sent  on  application. 


Addison's  Works.     6  vols.     3^.  (id. 

each. 
Aeschylus.     Verse   Trans,  by  Anna 

Swanwick.     s^. 
Prose  Trans,   by  T.  A.   Buckley. 

Agassiz    &    Gould's    Comparative 

Physiology.     5^. 
Alfieri's  Tragedies.     Trans,  by  Bow- 
ring.     2  vols.     3^.  M.  each. 
Alford's   Queen's   English.      \s.  and 
.  ij.  6rf. 
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2  vols.     5^.  each. 
Ammianus  Marcellinus.    Trans,  by 

C.  D.  Yonge.     yj.  bd. 
Andersen's  Danish  Tales.     Trans. 

by  Caroline  Peachey.     5J. 
Antoninus  (Marcus  Aurelius).  Trans. 

by  George  Long.     3.f.  bd. 
Apollonius  Rhodlus.      The  Argo- 

nautica.  Trans,  by  E.  P.  Coleridge.  5^. 

Apuleius,  The  Works  of.     5^. 
Ariosto's  Orlando  Furio?o.     Trans. 

by  W.  S.  Rose.     2  vols.     51.  each. 
Aristophanes.      Trans,    by    W.    J. 

Hickie.     2  vols.     z,s.  each. 
Aristotle's  Works.    5  vols.    5.?,  each  ; 

2  vols.     3^.  6(/.  each. 
Arrian.  Trans,  by  E.J.  Chinnock.   5^. 
Ascham's   Scholcmaster.     (J.  E.  B. 

Mayor. )     i  J. 
Bacon's  Essays  and  IIi.storic.al  Works, 

3^.    dd.  ;    Essays,    i^.    and    u.    6rf. ; 

Novum  Organum,  and  Advancement 

of  Learning,  5^, 


Ballads  and  Songs  of  the  Peasantry. 

I3y  Robert  Bell.     3^.  6rf. 
Bass's  Lexicon  to  the  Greek  Test.   zs. 

Bax's  Manual  of  the  History  of  Philo- 
sophy.    55. 

Beaumont  and  Fletcher.  Leigh 
Hunt's  Selections.     3^.  bd. 

Bechstein's  Cage  and  Chamber 
Birds.     5J. 

Beckmann's  History  of  Inventions. 
2  vols.     y.  6d.  eacli. 

Bede's  Ecclesiastical  History  and  the 
A.S.  Chronicle.     5^. 

Bell(SirC.)OntherLand.     5^. 

Anatomy  of  Expression.     $s. 

Bentley's  Phalaris.     i,s. 

Berkeley's  Works.  (Sampson.)  With 

Introduction  by  Right  Hon.  A. -|, 
Balfour,  M.P.    3  vols.  [Vol.  i  ready. 

Bjfjmeon's  Arne  and  The  Fisher  Las- 
sie.    I'rans.  liy  W.  H.  Low.     y.  6d. 

Blair's  Chronological  Tables.  \os. 
Index  of  Dates.     2  vols.     5^.  each. 

Bleek's  Introduction  to  the  Old 
Testament.     2  vols.     5^.  each. 

Boethius'  Consolation  of  Philosophy, 
&c.     SJ. 

Bohn's  Dictionary  of  Poetical  Quota- 
tions.    6s. 

Bond's  Handy  Book  for  Verifying 
Dates,  &c.     5^-. 

Bonomi's  Nineveh.     5J-. 

BosweU's  Life  of  Johnson.  (Napier. 
6  vols,     3^.  6d.  each. 

(Croker.)    5  vols.     20T. 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF 


Brand's  Popular  Antiquities.  3  vols. 
5^.  each. 

Bremer's  Works.  Trans,  by  Mary 
Ilowitt.     4  vols.     35.  6rf.  each. 

Bridge  water  Treatises.  9  vols.  Vari- 
ous prices. 

Brink  (B.  Ten).  Early  English  Litera- 
ture.    3  vols.     3^.  6d.  each. 

Five    Lectures   on    Shakespeare. 

Si-.  Gd. 

Browne's  (Sir   Thomas)  Works.     3 

vols.     3^.  td.  each. 

Buchanan's  Dictionary  of  Scientific 
Terms.     6j. 

Buckland's  Geology  and  Mineralogy. 
2  vols.     15^. 

Burke's  Works  and  Speeches.  8  vols. 
3-r.  (^d.  each.  The  Sublime  and 
Beautiful.  \s.  and  i^.  Gd.  Reflections 
on  the  French  Revolution.     \s. 

Life,  by  Sir  James  Prior.     3^.  6d. 

Burney's  Evelina.  3J.  dd.  Cecilia. 
2  vols,  a  3i.  M.  each. 

Bums'  Life  by  Lockhart.  Revised 
by  W.  Scott  Douglas.     3^.  bd. 

Burn's  Ancient  Rome.     7^.  dd. 

Burton's  Anatomy  of  Melancholy. 
(A.  R.  Shilleto.)   3  vols.    3J-.  6d?.  each. 

Butler's  Analogy  of  Religion,  and 
Sermons.     3^.  td. 

Butler's  liudibras.     sj.  ;  or  2  vols., 

5 J.  each. 
Caesar.    Trans,  by  W.  A.  M  'Devitte. 

Camoens'  Lusiad.     Mickle's  Tians- 

kition,  revised.     3^.  6d. 
Carafas   (The)   of  Maddaloni.      By 

Alfred  de  Reumont.     3^.  6d. 
Carpenter's  Mechanical  riiilosophy, 

5-f.  Vegetable  Physiology,  6^.  Animal 

Physiology,  bs. 

Carrel's  Counter  Revolution  under 
Charles  II.  and  James  II.     3^.  6</. 

Cattermole's  Evenings  at  Iladdon 
Hall.      5^. 

Catullus    and    Tihullus.     Trans.    Ijy 

W.  K.  Kelly.     55.  ^ 

Cellini's  Memoirs.    (Roscoe.)   3^.  dd. 


Cervantes' Exemplary  Novels.  Trans, 
by  W.  K.  Kelly.     3^.  td. 

Don  Quixote.     Motteux's  Trans. 

revised.     2  vols.     31.  (>d.  each. 

(ialatea.      I'rans.    by    G.    W.    T. 

Gyll.     3^.  bd.  ■' 

Chalmers  On  Man.     55. 
Channing's  The   Perfect   Life.     u. 
and  \s.  bd. 

Chaucer's  Works.  Bell's  Edition, 
revised  by  Skeat.    4  vols.    3^.  61/.  each. 

Chess  Congress  of  1862.  By  J. 
LowenthaL     5^. 

Chevreul  on  Colour.     5^.  and  -]$.  6d. 

Chillingwortli's  The  Religion  of 
Protestants,     y.  bd. 

China:    Pictorial,    Descriptive,    and 

Historical,     cj. 
Chronicles  of  the  Crusades.    5^. 
Cicero's  Works.     Trans,  by  Prof.  C. 

D.Yonge  and  others.  7  vols.  51.  each. 

I  vol.,  3^.  bd. 

Friendship  and  Old  Age.     \s.  and 

IS.  bd. 

Clark's   Heraldry.      (Blanche.)     Ks. 

and  155. 
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Coleridge's   Prose   Works.     (Ashe.) 

6  vols.     3?.  bd.  each. 
Comte's  Philosophy  of  the  Sciences. 

(G.  II.  Lewes.)     ^s. 

Positive     Philosophy.       (Harriet 

Martineau.)     3  vols.     55.  each. 

Conde's    History   of   the    Arabs   in 

Spain.     3  vols.     3^.  bd.  each. 
Cooper's    Biographical    Dictionary. 

2  vols.     5.;.  each. 

Cowper's  Works.   (Southey.)   Svols. 

3^.  bd.  each. 
Coxe's   House  of  Austria.      4  vols. 

35.  bd.  each.  Memoirs  of  Mariborough. 

3  vols.     3j.  bd.  each.     Athrs  to  M;ui- 
borough's  Campaigns,     lor.  bd. 

Craik's  Pursuit  of  Ivnowleiige.     5^. 
Craven's  Young  Sportsman's  Manual. 

5-f- 
Cruikshank's  Punch  and  Judy.      51. 

Three  Courses  and  a  Desert.     5^. 
Cunningham's     Lives     of     Briiish 

Painters.     3  vols.     3J.  W.  each. 


BONN'S  LIBRARIES. 


bante.  Trans,  by  Rev.  II.  F.  Gary. 
y.  6d.  Inferno.  Separate,  is.  and 
IS.  6d,  Purgatorio.  i^.  and  is.  6d. 
Paradiso.     is.  and  zs,  6d. 

Trans,  by  I.  C.  Wright.  (Flax- 
man's  Illustrations. )    $s. 

Inferno.     Italian  Text  and  Trans. 

by  Dr.  Carlyle.     5^. 

- —  Purgatorio.  Italian  Text  and 
Trans,  by  W.  S.  Dugdale.     51. 

De  Commines'  Memoirs.  Trans,  by 
A.  R.  Scoble.     2  vols.     3^.  6d.  each. 

Defoe's  Novels  and  Miscel.  Works. 
6  vols.  3^.  6d.  each.  Robinson 
Crusoe  (Vol.  VII.)  y.  6d.  or  55. 
The  Plague  in  London,  is.  and 
IS.  6d. 

Delolme  on  the  Constitution  of  Eng- 
land.    3r.  6d. 

Demmin's  Arms  and  Armour.  Trans, 
by  C.  C.  Black,    yj.  6d. 

Demosthenes'  Orations.  Trans,  by 
C.  Rann  Kennedy.     4  vols.    5^.,  and 

1  vol.  3^.  6d. 

^—  Orations  On  the  Crown,  is.  and 
IS.  6d. 

De  Stael's  Corinne.  Trans,  by  Emily 
Pialdwin  and  Paulina  Driver.     3^.  6d. 

Devey's  Logic,     55-, 

Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Latin 
Quotations.     55. 

of  Poetical  Quotations  (Rohn).  6^. 

of  Scientific  Terms.  (Buchanan.)  65. 

of  Biography,     (Cooper.)     2  vols. 

55.  each. 

- —  of  Noted  Names  of  Fiction. 
(Wheeler.)     55. 

■ Of  Obsolete  and  Provincial  Eng- 
lish,    (Wright.)     2  vols.     SJ.  each. 

Dldron's     Christian     Iconography. 

2  vols.     5^.  each. 

Diogenes  Laertius.    Trans,  by  C.  D. 

Yonge.     £5. 
Dobree's     Adversaria.        (Wagner.) 

(2  vols.)     55.  each. 
Dodd's  Epigrammatists.     6s. 
Donaldson's  Theatre  of  the  Greeks. 

5-f. 
Draper's  History  of  the  Intellectual 

Development  of  Europe.    2  vols.    5^. 


Dunlop's  History  of  P^iction.    2  vols. 

55-.  each. 
Dyer's  History  of  Pompeii.     Js.  Gd. 

The  City  of  Rome.     55. 

Dyer's  British  Popular  Customs.    $<;. 
Early  Travels  in  Palestine.    (W^right.) 

Eaton's  Waterloo    Days.      is.   and 

IS.  6d. 
Ebers'  Egyptian  Princess.    Trans,  by 

E.  S.  Buchhcim.     3^.  6d. 
Edgeworth's    Stories   for   Children. 

3^.  6d. 
Ellis'    Specimens    of  Early   English 

Metrical  Romances.     (Halliwell.)   ^s. 

Elze's  Life  of  Shakespeare.     Trahs, 

by  L.  Dora  Schmitz.     55. 
Emerson's  Works.     3  vols.     35.  6cf. 

each,  or  5  vols.  is.  each. 
Ennemoser's    History   of    Magic. 

2  vols.  55.  each. 
Epictetus,    Trans,  by  George  Long. 

Euripides.    Trans,  by  E.  P.  Coleridge. 

2  vols.     5J.  each. 
Eusebius'  Eccl.  History.     Trans,  by 

C.  F.  Cmse.     55. 
Evelyn's  Diary  and  Correspondence. 

(Bray.)     4  vols.    5^.  each. 
Fairholt's     Costume     in     England. 

(Dillon.)     2  vols,     5.;.  each. 
Fielding's  Joseph  Andrews.     3^-.  Gd. 

Tom  Jones.     2  vols,     y.  6d.  each, 

Amelia,     55. 
Flaxman's  Lectures  on  Sculpture.  6s. 
Florence  of  Worcester's   Chronicle. 

Trans,  by  T.  Forester.     51. 
Foster's  Works.      10  vols.      35.  Cd. 

each. 
Franklin's  Autobiography,     is. 
Gesta  Romanonxm.  Trans,  by  Swan 

and  Hooper.     5J. 
Gibbon's  Decline  and  Fall.     7  vols* 

35.  6d.  each. 
Gilbart's  Banking.    2  vols.    5^.  each. 
Gil  Bias.     Trans,  by  Smollett.     6/. 
Giraldus  Cambrensis.    5^. 


42 


ALPHABETICAL  LIST  OF 


Goethe's  Works  and  Correspond- 
ence, including  Autobiography  and 
Annals,  Faust,  Elective  Affinities, 
Werther,  Wilhelni  Meister,  Poems 
and  Ballads,  Dramas,  Reinecke  Fox, 
Tour  in  Italy  and  Miscellaneous 
Travels,  Early  and  Miscellaneous 
Letters,  Correspondence  with  Ecker- 
mann  and  Sorct,  Zelter  and  Schiller, 
&c.,  &c.  By  various  Translators. 
16  vols.     3^.  6d.  each. 

Faust.       Text    with    Hayward's 

Translation.     (Buchheim.)     5?. 

. Faubl.     Part  I.     Trans,  by  Anna 

Swanwick.     is.  and  xs.  6d. 

Boyhood.  (Part  I.  of  the  Auto- 
biography.) Trans,  by  J.  Oxenford. 
\s.  and  js.  6d. 

.  Reinecke    Fox.       Trans,     by  A. 

Rogers,     u.  and  li.  6d. 
Goldsmlth'sWorks.    (Gibbs.)  5 vols. 

35.  6d.  each. 

Plays,     xs.  and  is.  6d.     Vicar  of 

Wakefield,     u'.  and  js.  6d. 

Grammont's  Memoirs  and  Boscobel 

Tracts,     sj. 
Gray's  Letters.     (D.  C.  Tovey.) 

[/«  the  press. 
Greek    Anthology.      Trans,    by   E. 

Burges.     5^. 
Greek  Romances.      (Theagenes  and 

Chariclea,   Daphnis  and  Chloe,   Cli- 

topho    and    Leucippe.)      Trans,    by 

Rev.  R.  Smith.     5J. 
Greek  Testament.     55. 
Greene,  Marlowe,  and  Ben  Jonson's 

Poems.     (Robert  Bell.)    y.6d. 
Gregory's  Evidences  of  the  Christian 

Religion,     y.  6d. 
Grimm's  Gammer  Grethel.     Trans. 

by  E.  Taylor.     3^  6d. 
' German  Tales.      Trans,  by  Mrs. 

Hunt.     2  vols.     y.  6.f.  each. 
Grossi's  Marco  Visconti.     3^.  6cl. 
Guizofs   Origin    of   Representative 

Government  in   Europe.      Trans,   by 

A.  R.  Scoble.     3s.  bd. 
' The  English  Revolution  of  1640. 

Trans,  by  W.  I  la/.litt.     y.  6d. 
- —  History  of  Civilisation.    Trans,  by 

W.  Hazlitt.     3  vols.     3^.  6d.  each. 


Hall  (Robert).  Miscellaneous  Works. 
3J.  6d. 

Handbooks  of  Athletic  Sports.  Svols. 
3^.  6d.  each. 

Handbook  of  Card  and  Table  Games. 
2  vols.     35.  6d.  each. 

of  Proverbs.    By  H.  G.  Bohn.    ^s. 

of  Foreign  Proverbs,     ss. 

Hardwick's  History  of  the  Thirty- 
nine  Articles.     5^. 

Harvey's  Circulation  of  the  Blood. 
(Bowie.)     IS.  and  is.  6d. 

HaufF'9  Tales.    Trans,  by  S.  Mendel. 

Tlie  Caravan  and  Sheik  d  Alex- 
andria.    15.  and  IS.  6d. 
Hawthiome's    Novels     and     Tales. 

4  vols.     y.  6d.  each. 
Hazlitt's  Lectures  and  Essays.    7  vols. 

y.  6d.  each. 
Heaton's  History  of  Painting.  (Cosmo 

Monkhouse.)     5^. 
Hegel's  Philosophy  of  Ilistor)-.  Trans. 

by  J.  Sibree.     55. 
Heine's   Poems.     Trans,   by  E.   A. 

Bowring.     y.  6d. 
Travel  Pictures.   Trans,  by  Francis 

Storr.     35. 6d. 
Helps  (Sir  Arthur).  Life  of  Columbus. 

3s.  6d. 

Life  of  Pizarro.     y.  6d. 

Life  of  Cortes.      2  vols.      3J.  6rf. 

each. 

Life  of  Las  Casas.     35.  6</. 

Life  of  Thomas  Drasscy.     is.  and 

IS.  bd. 

Henderson's   Historical   Documents 

of  the  Middle  Ages.     $5. 
Henfrey's  English  Coins.     (Keary.) 

bs. 
Henry  (Matthew)  On  the  Psalms.   51. 
Henry    of    Huntingdon's     History. 

Trans,  by  T.  Forester,     y. 
HerodotxiB.      Trans,  by  H.  F.  Gary. 

y.  bd. 
Wlieeler's  Analysis  and  Summary 

of.     y.     Turner's  Notes  on.    51. 


BOHN'S  LIBRARIES. 


43 


Hesiod,  Callimachus  and  Theognis. 

Trans,  by  Rev.  J.  Banks.     51. 
Hoffmann's  Tales.      The   Serapion 

Brethren.     Trans,  by  Lieut.-Colonel 

Ewing.     2  vols.     3^.  6d. 
Hogg's    Experimental    and    Natural 

Philosophy.     5^. 
Holbein's  Dance  of  Death  and  Bible 

Cuts.     sx. 
Homer.     Trans,  by  T.  A.  Buckley. 

2  vols.     5^.  each. 
Hooper's  Waterloo.     3^.  61/. 

Sedan.     3.;.  6</' 

Horace.   Smart's  Translation,  revised, 

by  Buckley.     31.  6:/. 
— —  A  New  Literal  Prose  Translation. 

By  A.  Hamilton  Bryce,  LL.  D.   3^^.  6d. 
Hugo's  Dramatic  Works.     Trans,  by 

Mrs.  Crosland  and  F.  L.  Slous.  y.6d. 
Hernani.      Trans,  by  Mrs.  Cros- 
land.     IS. 
Poems.     Trans,  by  various  writers. 

CullectedbyJ.  H.  L.  Williams.  y.6d. 
Hvmiboldfs    Cosmos.       Trans,    by 

Ott(§,  Paul,  and  Dallas.   4  vols.  3i.  td. 

each,  and  i  vol.  55. 

Personal  Narrative  of  his  Travels. 

Trans,  by  T.  Ross.    3  vols.    ^s.  each. 

Views  of  Nature.     Trans,  by  Ottt5 

and  Bohn.     ^.s. 
Hiunphi-ejfs'  Coin  Collector's  Manual. 

2  vols.     51.  each. 
Hiingary,  History  of.     T,s.  bd. 
Htonf  s  Poetry  of  Science.     5^-. 
Hutchinson's  Memoirs.     3^.  6d. 
India  before  the  Sepoy  Mutiny.     55. 
Ingulph's  Chronicles.     55. 
Irving     (Washington).        Complete 

Works.      15  vols.      3X.  6d.  each  ;  or 

in  18  vols.  IS.  each,  and  2  vols.  is.  6d. 

each. 
Life  and  Letters.      By  Pierre  E, 

Irving,     2  vols.     $f.  6d.  each. 
Isocratea.    Trans,  by  J.  H.  Freese. 

Vol.  L     5.r. 
James'  Life  of  Richard  Cceur  de  Lion. 

2  vols.     3?.  6d.  each. 

Life   and   Times  of   Louis   XIV. 

2  vols.     3J.  6d,  each. 


Jameson  (Mrs.)  Shakespeare's  Hero- 
ines.    31.  6d. 

Jesse  (E.)    Anecdotes  of  Dogs.    Ss. 

Jesse  (J.  H.)  Memoirs  of  the  Court 
of  England  under  the  Stuarts.  3  vols. 
5T.  each. 

Memoirs  of  the  Pretenders,     $s. 

Johnson's     Lives      of    the     Poets. 

(Napier.)     3  vols.     31.  6^.  each. 

Josephus.  Whiston's  Translation, 
revised  by  Rev.  A,  R.  Shilleto,  5 
vols.     3^.  6./.  each. 

Joyce's  Scieutihc  Dialogues.     5^. 

Jukes-Browne's  Handbook  of  Phy- 
sical Geology.  7s.  6d.  Handbook  of 
Historical  Geology.  6s.  The  Build- 
ing of  the  British  Isles    ^s.    6d. 

Julian  the  Emperor.  Trans,  by  Rev. 
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