Synopsis of the contents of the British museum

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SYNOPSIS

OF

THE CONTENTS

or THB

BRITISH MUSEUM.

SIXTIETH EDITION.

LONDON:

PRINTED BT

WOODFALL AND KIMDBB, ANOEL 00X7BT, SIONNBR 8TBEET.

1868.

CONTENTS

Page

Foundation and Notice of the Buildings i

CENTRAL SALOON * 1

SOUTHERN ZOOLOGICAL GALLERY 2

MAMMALIA SALOON 3

EASTERN ZOOLOGICAL GALLERY 7

List of Portraits 25

NORTHERN ZOOLOGICAL GALLERY — Rooms I. II 29

Room III 33

Room IV 35

Room V 38

NORTH GALLERY. Mineralogy and Geology, including Secondary

FossUi 39

GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES.

ROOM 1 82

ROOM II 93

ASSYRIAN TRANSEPT 95

NIMROUD SIDE-GALLERY 96

NIMROUD CENTRAL SALOON 102

KOUYUNJIK SIDE-GALLERY 105

PHI6ALE1AN SALOON 105

ELGIN SALOON 110

LYCIAN SALOON 129

EGYPTIAN GALLERIES 13?

FIRST EGYPTIAN ROOM 186

SECOND EGYPTIAN ROOM 225

ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES 228

FIRST VASE ROOM 233

SECOND VASE ROOM 235

BRONZE ROOM 235

BRITISH AND MEDLfiVAL ROOM 236

BRITISH COLLECTION 236

MEDIiEVAL COLLECTION.,.. 228

ETHNOGRAPHICAL ROOM 239

MEDAL ROOM 252

PRINT ROOM 253

SYNOPSIS

OF THE

CONTENTS OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

The Foundation of the BRITISH MUSEUM originated
with the will of Sir Hans Sloane, who, during a long
period of practice as a physician, had accumulated, in ad-
dition to a considerable Library of Books and Manuscripts,
the largest collection of objects of Natural History and
Works of Art of his time. These he directed should be
offered after his death, which took place in 1753, to Par-
liament. The offer was accepted; and the Act of 26 Geo.
II., which directed the purchase, also directed the purchase
of the Harleian Library of Manuscripts ; and enacted that
the Cottonian Library, which had been given to the Govern-
ment for public use in the reign of Will. III., should, with
these, form one General Collection.

In the spring of 1754 the mansion in Great Russell
Street, then known as Montagu House, was bought as a
repository for the whole. Between 1755 and 1759 the
different Collections were removed into it, and it was de-
termined that the new Institution should bear the name of
the British Museum.

Till the arrival of the Eg3rptian Antiquities from Alex-
andria, in 1801, Montagu House was competent to the re-
ception of all its acquisitions. The Egyptian Monuments,
most of them of too massive a character for the floors' of a
private dwelling, first suggested the necessity of an ad-
ditional building, rendered still more indispensable by the
purchase of the Townley Marbles in 1805! A Gallery
adequate to the reception of both was completed in 1807;
after which, although the Trustees meditated, and had plans

B

11

drawn for new buildings, XM>Be vere undertaken till 1823,
when, upon the donation from his Majesty King George
IV. of the Library collected by King George III., the
Government ordered drawings to be prepared for the erec-
tion of an entirely new Masenm, a portion of one wi^g of
which was to be occupied by the recently-acquired Library.

This wing, on the Eastern «ide of the Museum Garden,
was finished in 1828; the Northern, Southern, and Western
sides of the Qoadrangle haye since been progr^tsively
added. The last remain of the original building was re-
moved in 184^ ; and the Gallery, built in 1807, as already
stated, for the Townley and Egyptian antiquities, was
removed daring the winter of 1846, to admit of the com-
pletion of the Western side.

The order of arohitocture adopted throughout the ex-
terior of the Building is the Grecian Ionic The Southern
Fa9ade consists of the great entrance portico, eight columns
in width, and two intercolamniations in projection. On
either side is an advancing wing, giving to the entire front
an extent of three hundred and seventy feet; the whole
surrounded by a colonnade, of forty-four columns, raised
upon a stylobate five feet and a half high. The columns
are five feet at their lower diameter, and forty-five feet
high; the height from the pavement of the front court-
3^ard to the top of the entablature of the colonnade, sixty-
six feet and a half.

The level of the principal floor of the building is reached
by a flight of twelve stone steps at the foot of the Portico
one hundred and twenty-five feet in width, terminating on
either side with pedestals intended to receive colossal groups
of sculpture.

The Tympanum of the Portico has recently been en-
riched with allegorical sculpture, by Sir Richard Westmacott,
descriptive of " The Pro^ss of Civilization/'*

* The foil* wing is Sir Bichard Westmacott'f explanation of the AUegoiy :
— ** Commencing at the Western end or angle of the Pediment, lun is
represented emerging from a rode satage itate tfaf««gii^the in^weaoe of

Tbe PriD(»pal E&tnmoe io the Museiim under tins Pordeo
28 ^y a carved oak door, iuing to a door-fmme of stoae, Bine
feet six ijielief wide, and twenty-four feet hifh. The
£ntranoe fiaU is jixty-two feet by £fty-one feet, and thirty
feetliigii.

The Order here is Grecian Doric. The ceiling, irabeated
and deefdy coffered, is enriched with Greek frets and other
ornaments in Tarions colours, painted in encaustic. On the
£a8t mde are the apartments devoted to the MS. depajt-
ment. On the West the Principal Staircase, and a O^ery
vHiich forms the approach to the CoUection of Antiquities.
The centre flight of staini is seventeen feet wide, flanked by
two pedestfds of grey Aberdeen granite, intended to receive
sculpture. The walls on es^er side of this centre flight
are cased with red Aberdeen granite. On the first landing
are pedestals and carved vases of Hnddlestone stone. The
balustrades are of the same. The ceiling and walls are
painted partly in oil and partly in encaustic colours, the
former being traheated and coffered to correspond with the
Entrance Hail, and szouiarly decorated.

At the top of this Staircase commences the suite of
rooum appropriaited to Natund History, which occupy, 4m
the upper floor, tlie Eaatem portion of the South front, and
the whole of the Eastern and Northern sides of the Quad-
rangle. The remainder of the Upper Floor of the Museum
is devoted to the smaller Egyptian Antiquities, to the Greek

Beligion. He is next pertoni&ed m a Hunter and a Tiller of the Earthy
and labouring for his subsistenoe. Patriarchal simplicity then bacomes in*
vaded, Mid the worship of the true God defiled. Paganism prevails^ and
becomes diffused hy means of the Arts.

" The worship of the heavenly bodies aaid their vapgoae^ infiuenee led
the Egyptians^ Gbaldseans, and other nations to study Astronomy, typified
by the centre statues : the key-stone to the composition.

** Civilization is now presumed to have made considerable progress.
Descending towards the Eastern angle of the Pediment is Mathematics ,*
in allusion to Science being now pursued on known sound principles.
The Drama, Poetry, and Music balance the group of the Fine Arts on
the Western side, the whole composition terminating with Natural His-
tory, in which such objects or specimens only are represented as could be
made most effective in Sculpture."

B 2

IV

Vases, and the Bronzes, to the Ethnographical Collection, and
to the Cahinet of Coins and Medals. On the Lower Floor,
the Eastern portion of the South front, and part of the East
Wing, are devoted to the Lihrary of Manuscripts. The
remainder of the East side, and the whole of the Northern
side of the Quadrangle, are occupied by the Library of
Printed Books. The Ground Floor of all the buildings to
the west of the Quadrangle is appropriated to the more
massive Egyptian Antiquities, and to the Greek and Roman
Marbles, including the Townley, Elgin, and Phigaleian Col-
lections, the Lycian Antiquities, and the Canning Marbles.
The basement of a projecting building at the North- West
corner contains the general Collection of Insects; the apart-
ments above which, are devoted to Prints and Drawings.

Three Marble Statues, of modem sculpture, ornament
the Hall. To the left, as the visitor enters, near the door
which leads to the Gallery of Antiquities, stands a Statue
of the late Hon. Mrs. Darner, holding in her hands a small
figure of the Genius of the Thames ; and on the Eastern
side, at the sides of the door of entrance to the Manuscript
Department, Statues of Shakspeare by Roubilliac, and of
the late Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., by Chan trey.
The statue of Shakspeare was bequeathed by Gtirrick to the
Museum after the death of his widow; the statue of Sir
Joseph Banks was presented by the personal friends at
whose expense it was made.

The building has been erected from the designs of Sir
Robert Smirke. In 1846, declining health induced hiqai to
relinquish the charge, and his brother, Mr. Sydney Smirke,
is now the Museum architect.

SYNOPSIS,

ETO.

The Visitor to the Museum, having passed the Entrance in Great
Russell Street, enters a spacious Court, with the main building of the
New Museum fronting him. Upon entering the Hall he can either
turn to the left to the Gallery of Antiquities hereafter described, or, in
the more regular course of his Circuit, ascend by the Great Staircase to

THE ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS*.

The collection of Animals is contained in three Galleries, and for
the convenience of exhibition is arranged in two series. The Beasts,
Birds, Reptiles, and Fishes, are exhibited in the Wall Cases. The
hard parts of the Radiated, Molluscous, and Annulose animals, as
Shells, Corals, Sea Eggs, Star Fish, Crustacea, and Insects,
and the Eggs of Birds, are arranged in a series in the Table Cases
of the several Rooms.

CENTRAL SALOON.

In the Wall Cases of this Saloon are arranged the specimens of
Antelopes, Goats, and Sheep, and over the Cases, the horns of the
different specimens of Oxen ; and on the Floor, the Giraffe from
North, ana the Giraffe from South Africa, the latter presented by thg
Earl of Derby s the African Rhinoceros, the Manilla Buffalo, and the
Morse, or Walrus, from the North Sea.

Wall Cases 1 to 5 contain the waterbock and caprine antelopes, as
the blaue bock, the black bock or sable antelope, the bloss bock, and
the Cape Oryx, from the Cape of Good Hope ; the addax and its
young, and the algazelle, from North Africa.

On the upper shelves are the young of the Cape Oryx and the bloss
bock, frbm South Africa ; the chamois, or gems, from the Alps ; the
sing-sing and the koba, fi'om Western Africa.

Wall Cases 6 to 8 contain the Antelopes, as the sassaybi, licama or
hartebeast ; and the Goats, as jaela, or Nubian goat of North Africa ;
steinbock of the Alps ; Siberian ibex ; thar of the Himalaya, and
some varieties of the domestic goat.

Wall Cases 9 to 11 contain the equine Antelopes, as the gnu and
gorgon, from the Cape, and their young; and the different kinds of

« For an explanation of the method on which the Zoolc^ical Collection is arranged,
and a list of tne genera, lee a small work called the *< Guide to the Zoological Col-
lection," sold in the H^ ; where may also be had a List of the Specimens of Mam-
malia, with their Synonymes. List of the Specimens of Birds, Parts I. and III.
Catalogue of Reptiles, ParU I. and II. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous
Insects, Parts 1. and II. List of the specimens of Myriapodes. List of specimens
of Crustacea. List of Cetoniadse. List of Osteolosical specimens. List of speci-
mens and drawings of the Mammalia and Birds of Nepal presented by B. H. Hodg-
son, E«q. List of Of teologieal specimens, &c., &c.

2 NATURAL HISTORY. [SOUTH. ZOOL. GAIX.

wild sheep, as the argali, from the Altai ; the mountain sheep of North
America ; aoudad, or bearded sheep, from Ncvth Africa ; the Dahorr»
from Nepal ; the American argali, and diffierent varieties of the domestic
sheep. In the comer of the cases is the young of the Bubale antelope,
from North Africa.

Wall Case 12 contains the Prong-horn, or cabrit, from the Rocky
Mountains and Texas, and it» yetmg.

Wall Case 13. The caprine antelopes, as the goral and the jhaar,
or thar, irom Nepal.

Wall Cases 14 to 1& The true Antelopes, or GaieUei, as the
ehiruy of Nepal ; the colusy or aiaga, and the guttorose an telo y e and
jacreo, from the Akai Mountains; SoemoMriaf's antelope, from
Abystmia; the raobr antelope, from West Africa; the spring bock,
and the pallah, from the Cape ; the sasing, or Indian antelope, from
India; the rhee bock, and tbepecU, from the Cape> and the nagor,
from West Africa.

The upper shelves eontnin the ariel, donas, and gaselle, Ami North
Africa; the Seneeal gazeUe, the Imlim gaieUe, or cbikara, from Ma-
dras ; the grysbock and stetnbock, and kainsi, or Utpspinger, from the
Cs^; the madoka, from Abysshria; and the pygmy antelepe, from
the coast of Guinea.

Wall Cases 19 and 20 contain the enmued antelope, or bush i^oats^
from Southern and Western Africa; the four-hor»e4 antelopes, iK)m
India; the ourebi, from South Africa.

On the floor of this room are two giraflbs, one from North Africa,
and the other from South Africa, the latter presented by the Earl of
Derhy. Two Rhinoceri from Africa, a Manilla Buffalo, and a Morse,
or Wahus, from the North Sea.

THE SOUTHERN ZOOLOGICAL GALLERY.

In the Wall Cases of this Gallery is arranged die continuation
of the collection of the Hoofed Quadrupeds, as the Oxen, Deer, Camels,
Llama, Horses, the various kinds of Swine, Armadilloes, Manises, and
Sloths; on the top of the Cases the horns of dSfibrent species of
Autelopes ; and on tne FLOoa are arranged the different species of Ele-
phant, Rhinoceros, Hippopotami, and Oxen.

Cases 1 and 2 contain the different varieties of Llama ; the wfld
ones are brown, and the tame varieties are black, white, reddish brown,
and these colours intermixed.

Cases 3 to 16 contain the different species of Oxen and Elephan-
tidse. The white Scotch and Polish bulls ; musk ox ; aurochs, or Li-
thuanian bison, from Lithuania, Dr««eii/w^ by the Emperor of Jtuasia;
and the North American bison, n'om the Rocky Mountains ; the impo-
foo, or eland, kudu or coudu, from South Auiea ; bosch bock, from
South Africa and Abyssinia; Guibe,or bonte bock, from West Africa.

The upper Selves contain the tapirs; as the mborebi, or tapir,
fWim Soutn America; and the kuda, oyer or tennu, from Sumatra;
boar, from Europe, and its young; the bene, from North Guinea ;
bosdi vark; the ^ke vark, or «n^o ; faamja, or haHuf, fimm South
Africa and Abyssinia ; the jpecari, or tijacu and tagnicate, firom the
Brazils; the klip-das, from South Africa; daaaan^frein North Afrioa;

MAX. 8At«ON.J KATVBAL mBTOBY. 3

and aAkok^s fttnn Abyflrinia ; ^e phatagin aad many-ahielded phata-
gin, from West Africa ; the badsareit, or bajjierkeit, from Iiufia ; and
taagilin* from Jafa; the armadino, apara, peba, pichey, tatonay, and
taton, from South America ; the aaid ▼ark, from the Cape of Good
Hope ; the tamanois, tamandua, and ant-eater, from Soutn America ;
the Omithoriiynchos, or muUhagong, echidna, and brown echidna, from
New Hotkmd ; the unan, gipi&eiou, yellow-ftKsed doth, and sloth, or
ai, from South America.

Cases 17 to 90 ccntain the Deer and Horses,— as the stsg, or red
deer, and fiiltow deer of Europe ; the wapiti, from North America ;
ec^ine rusa, and axis^ or cheeCul, from India ; the ahu, or siaf^a, from
Siberia ; rein deer, from Hudson's Bay. Presented hy the HudeoiCs
JBay Company* The elk, from North Europe. Presented by the
Earl of Aerify. BurcheU's zel>ra, South Africa ; the zebra. South
Africa. Presented by the Earl of Derby. Wild ass, or jikta, from
Asia. Presented by the Earl ofI)er^. Hybrids, between the zebra
and wild ass, and between the zebra and common donkey. Presented
by the ZooloywaJ Society of London. Giraffe, or Camelopard.

The upper shelves contain the young axis, or cheetul, fallow deer,
and wapiti; kijang, or muntjac, from ^ndia; cugua^u-ete, and cugu-
a9n-*apera, from South America ; the g^uazuti, from North Patagonia.
Presented by C. Deirwin, Esq. Roebuck^ from Europe. Musk Deer
—The musk; white-bellied musk; golden-eyed musk; meminna, or
pissay, kanchil, and Javan musk, from. Asia ; and the water musk, from
West Africa.

On the floor of this room are arranged the different species of Rhi- •
noceios, from South Africa and India ; a small specimen of the Indian
Elephant; a very young specimen of the African Elephant; and a
young, half-grown, and an adult specimen of Hippopotamus, fW>m
South Africa. The Wild Oxen from India and Java.

MAMMALIA SALOON.

In the Wall Cases of this Saloon are arranged the specimens of
Handed Rapacious and Glirine Beasts, and oyer the Cases are the
different kinds of Seals (^Phoddai), Manatees, and Porpoises (Delphi-
nida)i and in the cases on the Floor of the room are placed the
specimens oi Corals.

Wall Cases 1 — ^20. The Handed Beasts.

Cases 1 to 13 oontahi the Old World Monkeys : as the chimpanzee,
from West Africa ; aduk male and young ourang-outan, or pongo, from
Borneo ; siamang, from Java ; gibbon, silyery gibbon or wou-wou, and
om^fka, from iMOa, Java, and China; the simpai, cUngkau, from Su-
matra; the kalasieand starred pmbytes, from Borneo; the cinereous
presbytes, dusky presbytes, from Singapore and Malacca; the croo and
neno preBb3Fte8, from Java; nestor, from Ceylon, and hoonuman, from
India, Nepal, ko, Presenisd by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. Temminck*8
celobnt; Pennant's colobns; and black oolobus, from West Africa;
gnereza, from Abyssinia; proboacis moakeTy adult male, Borneo;
presented by Mons, Temmmcki omd female and young, presented
by Capt, Siif Edts. Bekher. C^lithrix or green monkeys, from

4 NATURAL HISTORY. [MAMMALIA

West Africa; grivet or tota, from Ab^^asinia; vervet, from the Cape of
Good Hope; malbranck, from Africa; moustache, from Guinea f
white-throated monkey, from India ; samango, from South Africa ;
bearded monkey and red-eared pionkey, and Bumetfs mona and
haucher, from Fernando Po ; the mona and diana, the white-nosed or
vaulting monkey, and black-cheeked ascagne, and the talapoin, from
West Africa; patas, from Africa and Senegal; white-crowned mon- ,
key, sooty mangabey, and white-collared mangabey, frY>m Africa;,
rhesus, macaque, mungo or capped macaque, pelops, and bruh, frrom
India ; brilliant macaque, from Japan ; black macaque, from the Phi-
lippines and Celebes ; wanderoo, from Ceylon ; papion, from Africa ;
chacma, anubis, and baboon, from South Africa; gelada and tartarin,.
from Abyssinia ; drill and mandrill, from Africa.

The Cases 13 to 18 contain the New World Monkeys, from Tro-
pical America.

Cases 13 — 16. The coaita, chameck, chuna, marimonda, and brown
spider monkeys, from Bolivia and Brazil; the thumbed miriki; ca-
parro or negro monkey ; the Howlers, so called from the continued
loud noise they make in the forest, especially at night

Cases 17, 18. The Sapajoues, with prehensile tails; the Night Apes,,
with large nocturnal eyes, like owls ; the Hairy and Jew Monkeys, with
club-like tails ; the Teetees, Marmozetts, and Silky Monkeys, which
are generally of small size.

Cases 19 and 20 contain the family of Lemurs : as the white fronted
and black and white lemur, the ring-tailed macatico, and the propi-
thece, from Madagascar — ^they live on insects and fruits; the loris,
from Ceylon ; the slow lemur, from India, Sumatra, and Java ; the
indri and cheirogales, from Madagascar; the galago, from Western
Africa.

Case 20. On the lower shelves are the colugos, or flying lemurs, whiclk
live on trees in the Indian Archipelago, suspending themselves by
their feet to the branches, ba6k downwards, and thus forming a kind
of hammock, in which they nurse their young.

Wall Cases 21 — 65. The Rapacious Beasts.

Cases 21 — ^29. The various kinds of Feline Animals, as the lion'
(Leo), from South Africa; tiger, from India; the jaguar, and the dif-
ferent kinds of ocelots, from Central America; the wild cats of Europe ;
the chaus, from North Africa and Asia; the booted cat of the Cape
of Good Hope; hunting leopard of India and Africa; the lynx, from
Sardinia and the South of Spain, and from Canada; and the caracal
of South Africa and India.

Cases 30, 31 . The Hysenas, as the striped hysena {Hycma striata) ot
Egypt; the spotted hyeena, from South Africa, with its young, which
is blackish brown.

Cases 32 — 35. The true Oivets, as the African civet, from the wanner
parts of Africa; the zibet of India and China, and the spotted zibet,,
or tangalung, firom Sumatra. These animals all yield the secretion
that has long been esteemed by some as a scent. The hyaena civet,
or Proteles, from the Cape of Good Hope, and the slender ring-tailed
Prionodon, from Malacca. The lower shelves contain the various

SALOON.] NATtTBAL HISTOEY. 5

Species of genets, from the Cape of Good Hope, Abyssinia, and
Western Africa. The different species of Ichneumons or herpestes, the
Mungos, from Asia and Africa; and the Suricate, from the Cape
of Good Hope and Central Africa.

Cases 35, 36. The different species of Paradoxtirus, PagumOf HemU
oa/iea, and J?enh<ro}i^, which inhabit India, Sumatra, and the other Asiatic
islands; the Cynogtde, from Borneo; and the Nandinoj which comes
from Western Africa ; and the Bassaris or house marten of the
Mexicans.

Cases 37 — 42. The different species of Dogs, as the Newfound-
land dog; the wolf of North America and Europe; the wild dogs of
India, Africa, and North America. The different kind of Foxes of
Europe, America, Africa, and India. The four-toed hunting dog
of South Africa and Abyssinia, and the large-eared dog of the Ci^pe of
Good Hope.

Case 43. The i^arious species of Martens (Martes) of Europe and
America; weaseb from Europe and America; the masked weasel of
Mexico, the Siberian weasel, the Himalayan weasel, the polecats of
Europe and America, the False Sable of America, and the Vison or
lesser otter, of North America and Northern Europe; and the Zorilla
of the warmer parts of Africa.

Case 44. The Gluttons, from North America and Europe; the
ratel, from the Cape and India; and the tiara and the grisson, from
Central America and ihe West Indies. Then follow the helictis or
musk weasel of the Chinese; the skunk of North America; the
marputio and conepats of Central and Southern America; the stinkard,
or mydaus, of Java ; the sand bear (^Arctonyx) of India; the badger
of Europe ; and the Labrador badger, or taxidea, of North America.

Case 45. The Otters, as the common otter of Europe, and the
species from America and Asia; the muffled otter of North Ame-
rica ; the clawless otters of the Cape of Good Hope and of Java and
India ; and the seal-like sea otter of the west coast of America.

Cases 45 — 49. The Be a as, as the Malay bear of Sumatra and Borneo ;
the white bear of the Arctic Ocean; and the sloth bear of India.

Cases 50 — 52. The kinkajou of Central America ; the wah (Ailtu
rus) of Nepal; the different varieties or species of coati mondi, and of
racoons, from America.

Cases 51, 52. On the lower half of these cases are placed,
the Insectivorous Beasts, as the moles of Europe and India;
the marsh mole of Canada and North America; the golden moles-
of the Cape ; and the star-nosed Mole, with its long thick tail, from
-North America; the Tupai or insectivorous squirrel of Java, Su-
matra, and India ; the elephant shrew of North and South Africa ;
the shrew mice of Europe, Asia, and America, especially the large
blue shrew of India and the Cape of Good Hope; the desman, or
musk shrew of the Pyrenees and Russia; the naked-tailed weasel
(Gymnura) of Malacca; and the various kinds of hedgehogs, from
Europe, Asia, and Africa, as the tenrecs of Madagascar and Western
Africa.

Cases 53 — 64. The different sorts of Marsupial Animals. Those
in Cases 53 — 64 are only found in Australia, and those in the lower
part of Case 64 are from America.

B 3

^ MJTtf^M' VlfiVOaY^ [mam. fiALOQK.

CuaiM--&5, The dUBweiitUiidi ol Phalangan, as tlie vibite-taUed
^noanims; the New Hollaad bean from Austrslia; and the true
ribMfeQgBrsi, which ue only found in Amboyna and Kew Ireland; the
tarsipes of South Australia, and the wombat ei Australaiia. The
Hf«M; Phabngers* aft the P^laums; the Kor£4k UlMid flying squirrel,
jhmI the Ayiag vkmisq, or aoiobate.

Caftw 66 63 « Tlie different lunda of the true Kangaroos of Aus-
iraiia, and the tvee iuu^sanoo of New Guinea. The various species oi
wallabees (Halmatunis); the long-nosed kangaroos, and the rock kan-
garoos. The jerboa kan^^aroos, and the ratrtuled kangaroos; the
kaufuoo hares; and at the bottom the koala of Australia.

OiBea 62-H64. The Austi^ian Opoasums, as the bandicoots (Prro-
m0ka% the pig foot possum ; the (utsjuies, the zebra wolf, and the
.Australian devil ; the phaseogales asid the banded myrmeoobius.

Below Case 64 are the Opossums of America.

Tlie amalW tpeeimens of Seads, as the yonng of the harp seal,
with its white fur, as it is when it is first bom ; and the young of the
eared seal, from iibe Cape of Good Hof)e.

Wall Cases 65 — 61. Glires.

Cases 65 — 68. The varioua kinds of Mice and Rats, as Mus
Pseudomys and Ha^otis.

Case 69. Contains the Beaver, from North America and Hlurope ;
the Coypn, from Central Amenca ; the Ondatra of North America,
and Hydromjrs <»f AuBtralia; alio the Hahrocoma, Octodoo, and
Piammorj'otes, fl'oro Chili ; the Eohimvs and Lonchurus, of Central
America; the Aulacodus of South Afiricav and Cafaromys of the
iriand of Cuba.

Cases 70 — 72. The PoneMpines, as the Hystrix, from India and
Gupope ; the Cerookbes, Spiggums, and Chsetomys, from the Brazils;
Dasyproeta, Doliohotis, Kerodon, aad Hydrochserus, from South
America.

Cases 73 — 75. The Hapes, from different parte of the world ; and
iihe Rock Usres (Lmfmitys) of India.

Case 76. The family of Jerboae, as the Lagotis, from Chili ; the
Chinchilla, from Peru; the Pelamys of South Africa; and the different
species of Jerboa, from Egypt, Siberia, and South Africa ; also the
Dormice, Myoxina, Grai^iimis, and Gils.

Cases 77-80. The ^uniijr of Squirrels, as the Anomolurus of
West Africa, and Flying Squiorels {Pteromtfu) of India, and the dif.
^ferent species of sqinareb ; i^o the Marmots (^Arctomfs) of Europe,
North Atnertca, and India.

Case 61. The frimily of Mole-Rats, as the Slepez ( &^alax) ; Zoker
< Sipkneus) of £ktr(»e ; Georychus and Sand Mole (Joathyerchus) of
South Africa; the Fur^conntry Pouchedrrat (^SocoppAontf) of North
America, and Tucan of Mexico; the G^den-mole-rat (^Cbrjfsaniys)
of Abyssinia; the Sewellel (Aplodonth) of North America, and the
different species of Rhizomys.

On the top (yp the Cases are arras^ned the differeoit kinds of
porpoises, dolphins, and seals; as the flat-haired seal; the leonine
seal, or maned eared seal, from the Southern Ocean. The manatee

B» Z90L. a All.] NATVKAL BMnOWt, 7

firon JuMica amd Wm > ui i AIHcs. Th« C«pe poipoise, aad the Cape
dolphin ; and Uie pktanisfa, or long-beaked dolphin of the Ganges.

Thb Qsneeal Collections op Coaals are contained in the
Tails Casss ; the^r are is progresa of arrangenient.

In Tables 1 — ^20. The various kkidf ef Star Corals or Madrepores,
aa tke Sm Mmhroom, the Bram Ston^t Clove^CordU, die MiUepore,

TMIm 20-dl. The Barked Corala, which generally assume the
fbrm of trees, as the Tree Carai, the Gcrgonia, or Sea Fane, Sea
Pene.

EASTERN ZOOLOGICAL GALLERY.

The Watt Cases contain the collection of Bmos ; the laraer Table
CaseSj in the centre of the Room, contain the oollectien of Shells
of MoLLiTScovB Animals } ftsd en the tep of the Wall Cases is a
series of Hobns of different kinds of Deer and RhinocerL

GsMEEAL CoLLBCTiONS OF BiBDS are placed in the Wall Cases.

Wall Cases 1—35. The Raptobial Biros.

The}^ are subdivided into the following great divisions. The Di-
UKNAL Biros of Prey are contained in Cases 1 — 90.

Case 1. The Bearded Vulture of the Alps and Himalayan Moan-
tains. Tliese birds live chiefly on carrion.

Cases 2—7. Various species of Vultures, as the Alpine vulture,
from North Africa ; the black, carrion, and king vultures, from Nortli
and South America ; the Califbmian, and eondor, or great vulture of
Ihe Andes; tiie fulvous vulture, from Europe and Amca; cinereous
vulture, from Northern Africa ; sociable vulture, from South Africa ;
and the Angola vulture, from Congo.

Cases 8->M. The Paleons, which are further divided :

Cases8->17. The dififerent Eagles which prey on living quadru-
peds, birds, and &^ as the golden eaffle of Europe, &c. ; booted
eagle of Egypt; crested goshawk, of Souui America ; Brazilian eagle ;
laughing falcon, from British Guiana ; harpy eagle of South America ;
bacha eagle of India and Africa; Jean le Blanc eagle of Europe,
Java, Iec. ; marijae eagle, from the Indian Archipelago ; osprey, from
various parts of the world; short-tailed falcon, from the Cx^ of Good
Hope ; and the Pondichenv eagle, from the continent of India, which
bird is worshipped by the Brahmins.

Case 18. The diffecent species of Caracaras, which are peculiar
to South America, as the red-throated falcon, chimachima, and the
Braziliaii kite.

Cases 19 — 24. Specimens of Buzzards: they are sluggish, and
pounoct on their prey on the ground, as the craxirex, from Galapagos ;
Buzzard ; and the rouffh-legged falcon of Europe.

Cases 22, 23. Various species of Kites : the weakness of their bill
occasions some of them to feed principally on inlets ; as the cohy
&lcon of India ; hixiey buzzard, from various parts of the world ;
swallow-tsuled falcon of North America; kite of Europe; and the
spotted-tailed hobby of North America.

Cases 24->26. The true Falcons, which are the most courageous

d KATUEAL HIBTOEY. [eA8T. ZOOI^

ill ph>portion to their size of all the birds of prey ; as the jer-&lcoii»
peregnne falcon; hobby, and kestrili, &c, of Europe, &c.

Case 27. The Sparrow-hawks: these birds sldrn the earth with a
rapid fliffht, seizing their prey upon the wing; as the goshawk mncC
spaiTow-hawk of Europe, and others.

Cases 28 — 80. The Harriers : these birds generally fly Tery low--
over the marshes, and strike their prey on the ground ; as the chanting
falcon of the Cape of Good Hope ; Madagascar falcon ; secretary, ot
the Cape of Good Hope ; hen harrier, ash-coloured falcon, and moor
buzzard, of Europe, &c.

Wall Cases 31—35. The Noctdenal Raptoeial Bieos,

Which are subdivided thus :

Case 31. Hawk Owls, as the Canada owl; snowy owl of Orkney
and North America.

Cases 32, 33. Eagle Owls, as the scops-eared owl of Europe, &c. ;:
ketupu owl of the Indian Archipelago ; great-eared owl, from vajfous^
parts of the Old World ; and the Virginian eared owl, of North Ame-
rica, Sec.

Case 34. Howlets: as the brown owl; long-eared owl of Eus^pe-
and other parts of the world ; barred owl of North America ; little,
owl, and the Tengmalm's owl of Northern Europe.

Case 35. The true Owls, as the bam white owl of various parts of^
the world, and the bay owl of Java.

Wall Cases 36 — 83. The Peeching Biedb.

These are divided into five divisions, each of which embraces several
families.

Wall Cases 36 — 42. The Wide-gaped Peeching Bieds.

Cases 36, 37. The Goat-suckers, which are solitary Jbirds, living
on moths, &c. ; as the Trinidad goatsucker, or fat bird ; New HoUana
goatsucker; wedge-tailed goatsucker; great goatsucker; Carolina goat-
sucker of North America ; Leona goatsucker of Africa; and European
goatsucker.

Case 38. The Swallows and Swifts, as the common swift of
Europe ; aculeated swallow of North America ; esculent swallow of
the Indian Isles ; chimney swallow, sand martin, and martin swallow,
of Europe, &c.

Case 39. The Todies, Rollers, Broad-bills, and Motmots, which
live on insects, berries, &c., as the garrulous roller of Europe ; Abys-
sinian roller ; green tody of the West Indies ; Javan tody ; Brazilian
motmot, &c.

Case 40. The Curucuis : they live in low damp woods in the tro-
pical parts of America and Asia, and feed on insects and berries ; as the
red-bellied curucui of South America; Narina curucui of Africa, &c.

Cases 41, 42. The Kingfishers: they are generally of a bril-
liant colour, and live on fish, which they catch by diving, also on
Crustacea and insects ; as the spotted-bellied barbet, and great pied
barbet, of South America ; great brown kingfisher, of AusMia ; ter-
nate kingfisher of the Philippine Islands ; and common kingfisher of

OALLEKY.] KATUftAL HISTORY. 9

Europe, &c. ; green jacamar and great jacamar of South Amerios ;
common bee-eater of Europe ; Javan night bird, &c.

"Wall Cases 43—47. The Tenuirostral Birds,

"Which are divided into several families: as

Case 43. The Hoopoes and Sun Birds, which feed principally on
the nectar of flowers ; as the common hoopoes of Africa and Europe;
twelve-wired paradise birds of Molucca ; rifle-bird of Australia ; led-
billed promerops of Africa; and grand promerops of New Guinea;:
hook-billed red honey-eater of the Sandwich Islands ; and numerous
species of sun birds of Africa and South America.

Case 44. The Humming Birds of South and North America and the
West Indies ; their food consists of insects and spiders ; as the topaz
humming bird; garnet-throated humming-bird; tufted-necked hum*-
ming-bird, &c.

Case 45. Honey-eaters, which are peculiar to Australia ; as the
New Holland creeper; Poe honey-eater of New Zealand; wattled
honey-eater; black and yellow honey-eater, and black-headed honey*
eater of Australia, &c.

Cases 46, 47. The Creepers, Nuthatches and Wrens, which live
on insects, chiefly obtained by striking the bark of trees ; as the Patagonian
warbler ; Guiana red warbler ; climbing grakle, and the picoid grakle
of South America ; common creeper of Europe ; thorn-tailed warbler
of South America ; wall creeper of Great Britain ; nuthatch of Europe
and North America ; also various species of wrens, &c.

Cases 48 — 61. The Tooth-billeo Passerine Birds.

They live generally on insects, worms, &c. These birds embrace
several fomilies.

Cases 48 — 52, The Warblers, which are solitary in their habitsw
feeding on insects, worms and berries.

Case 48. Tailor birds ; they live on insects, and mostly form very
beautiful and artfully dome-snaped nests; as the bush warbler of
India; Dartford warbler of Europe; superb warbler of New Holland,
&c. ; and the superb menura, of Austraha.

Cases 49—52. Warblers ; which are small birds that have an agree*
able song, and are continually flitting about in search of insects and
their caterpillars, &c.

Case 49. The true Warblers, as the black cap warbler, lesser pet-
tlchaps, grasshopper warbler, fire-crested wren, &c., of Europe, &c.

Case 50. The Wheatears. These inhabit barren places in varioua
parts of the Old World, and are lively birds, which subsist on insects ; as-
the wheatear warbler, redstart warbler, red-tailed virarbier, blue-throated
warbler, redbreast virarbler, whinchat warbler, sedge warbler, &c. ;
and the Titmice, which are very active in flitting from branch to
branch and suspending themselves in all kinds of attitudes whilst seek-
ing for insects on the trees ; as the great titmouse, blue titmouse, and
the long-tailed titmouse of Europe, &c.

Case 5] . Wood Warblers, which mostly inhabit North America,
where they are seen in the low buidies flying from branch to brandi ini

10 KAT&JULL lUSTOftY. [east. ZOOL.

seatck «£ catorpiUaHs, Ibe. ; «s the rcd4iead»d insabler* spotted jrelbir
warbler, yellow-thvoatad warmer, and numerona other species; and
various specimens of Wagtails, which are found on the banks of rivers
or marshes, feeding on insects and small seeds ; as the white and yellow
wagtail of Europe, &c.

Cases 53 — 55. The Thrushes, which fiunily of birds inhabit various
partaof the world^^ and feed on inseets and worms; they are divided
into several subdivisions: viz.

Case 5d. The Ant-thrushes : these birds inhabit the tropical parts
of the world, where they all feed principally on ants and insects ; as the
white-fiiced manakin; grisly warbler of South America, &c. ; mountain
warbler of Java; ru£ous-naped thrush, alarum thrush, and others of
South America ; king thrusa of Brazil ; short-tailed crow of various
. parts of the Old World ; and several species of rock thrushes of Europe
and India.

Case 54. Viirious species of true Thrushes. These are soUtary in
tbiiir habits, feeding on fruits^ worms, and snails ; some are well known
^ their song, and others for their imitating almost anv sound, as the
lunulatad thrush of Australia; missel thrush, song thrush, fieldfare,
red-winged thrush, and blackbird of Europe ; and others from various
paits of the world ; mimic thrush of North America, 8cc.

Case 55. Babbling Thrushes of the warmer parts of the world,
where they are peculiar for their chattering noise ; they feed on insects,
&c» ; as the black-headed thrash of South America; Chinese thrush ;
spectacle thrush of China, &c. ; grey thrush, mountain creeper, and
pHeated thrush of India; the orioles are invariably of a bright yellow
colour, and found in the warmer parts of the world, feeding on ca-
terpillars and insects, and also frequent orchards during the fruit season ;
as the golden oriole of Europe ; Cochin China oriofe, and other spe-
dfis. Short-leped thrushes are also in this Case : they are pecutiar
to Asia and Africa, where they are found generally in the wooos, feed*
kkg on caterpillars, , inseets, and fruits ; as the Cape f^ruah, golden-
vented thrush, importunate thrush of AincA.

Cases 56, 57. The Fly-cat(^e<8, whidi ate peculkr to the warmer
parts of the world, and feed sdely on insects oaptuiied during flight.
They form several subdivisioRS; viz.

Case 56. The pikas, which are peculiar to South America, where
they pursue insects in flocks indie forests ; as the red-nedced fly-catcher.
The water-chatB are inhabitants of South America, and are generally
found in the vicinity of water, where they pursue insects on the ground ;
as the grey shrike, spectacle wnfaier, wlute-headed tody, cock'-tailed
fly-oatcher. Tlie Tyrants are also peculiar to South and North America ;
insects and even small birds sometimes form their food ; as the tyrant
shrike, whiskered fly-catcher, and fork-tailed fly-catcher; the olack
caps are found oi^ in Sontli America, whare they are seen perched
on die high branches of trees, ready to }^unge at the passing insects; as
the Cayenne shrike, &c.

Case 57. The true Fly-<»itdiers, which are mostly found in the Old
World ; theirfoodconsistsprineipally of inseets; as the collared fly-catchy
of Africa ; broad-billed tody, white-eared thrmh, king tody of South
America ; fen-tailed fly-cateher of Australia ; spotted fly-catcher, cold-
fincb iy-catcher of Europe ; black-heacbd fly-catehor of North America,

OBlMJEliY*] JUiTDBAL HISTORY^ U

the. The fljr^oataluBg warblen, which are peculiar to Amerioay wheve
tkm fM on 'vaaaetA and fruits ; as the solitary flj-catcher, &a

Cases SS, 59. The Chatterers : they are divided into several h-
fviUes: vis.

Case 5S. The thick-heads» which are found in the forests of Asia,
Australia, and South America; they generally live in pairs, seeking
ioiscts aod fiuits ; as the guttural thrusn of Australia, Sic. llie mana-
kins are remarkable for their small size and showy colour ; they feed on
fy^iU and inaects; as the red chatterer, red and black manakm, white*
eapped manakin of South America* and ^ckled manakinof Australia*
tes. The ehatterers are found in most parts of the world ; they inhabit
the low grounds or forests, generally in flocks, feeding on the berries of
various plante, sometimes upon insects. Most of them are remarkable
for the beauty of their plumage during the breeding season ; as the
purpie-breasted chatterer, purple-throated chatterer, carunculated chat-
terer, naiiegaied chatterer, and rock manakin of South America, &c.

Case 59. The Caterpillar-Eaters are found in South America,
India, and Africa, where tnevfeed i^n caterpillars, which they collect
upon the highest trees ; as the ^y caterpillar thrush of Africa, Javan
thrush, ash-backed thrush of India, &c. The drongos are inhabitants
of India, Asia, and Australia, and live on insects. Some spedes are
renarkable for their power of song, which is as sweetas the nightingale's ;
as the Malabar shnke, foik-tail^ shrike, crested shrike, and ch-ongri
thrike of Africa.

Case 60. Shrikes, or the true Butcher Birds. They are found in
most parts of the world, pursuing grasshoppers, insects, young frogs,
and small birds, which they impale on thorns, pull to pieces, and devour
at their leisure ; as the cinereous shrike, red-backed shrike of Europe,
frimtal shrike of Australia, Ceylon thrush of the Cape, and the grey-
headed shrike of South America.

Case 61. The Bush Shrikes, which are inhabitants of Australia,
Aua» and especially South America; as pied shrike, lineated shrike of
South America; hook-billed shrike of Madagascar; and die Hot-
luqua shrike of Africa, kc.

Wall Cabes 62—73. The Conirostbal Biros.

These feed chiefly on grain and fruit They form several families : viz.

Cases 62, 63. The Crows, which are divided into the follow-
tng divisions : the Phomfgamina, which inhabit Australia, New Guinea,
&c« where they pursue small birds, and are very noi^ and clamorous;
as the piping roller, noisy roller of Australia ; the jays, which generally
live in forests of rarions parts of die workl, as the jay of Europe; blue
jay and cinereous jay of mrth America, fro. Tlie true Crows, which
are inhabitants of varions parts of the vrorld, and are generally seen no
the ground, searching for carrion, worms, &c., as toe raven, carrion
crow, rook, hooded crow, and jackdaw of Europe, &c.

Case 63. The CaBtBaiirue are inhabitants of Africa, Asia, and
Australia; as the chanseable crow of Africa, nrfous crow of India,
cinereous wattle bird of New ZeaUnd, &e.

Case 64. The C^^mnederina are very singular birds <^ South
America; they foed on fruits ; as the bare-neck^ grakle, fetid grakle.

)2 KAttrllAL HI8T0EY. [EAST. ZOOVm

&c. The Choughs are found in the elevated moutitalnft of the Old
World, and prey on insects and berries ; as the red-legged crow and
Alpine crow. These are occasionally found in Europe, &c. The
Birds of Paradise are natives of New Guinea ; their habits are perfecdy
those of the crow, as the greater paradise bird, king paradise birdy
magnificent paradise bird, &c.

Case 65. The Shining Thrushes are found in Africa, Asia, and Aus-
tralia, and they feed on miits and insects ; as the satin bower bird :
these birds form artificial arbours of twigs, which they decorate with
shells, bones, stones, and other articles, and through which they run in
playfiil chase after each other; also the splendid thrush, brilliant thrush,
&c., of Africa and India. The Grakles live in troops in the islands of
the Indian Archipelago, searching for insects and fruits among the
banana; as the minor grakle and bald grakle. The beef-eaters are in-
habitants of Africa, where they live on the larvae of a parasitical insect
which they compress out of the skin of the rhinoceros by means of their
bill ; as the African beef-eater.

Case 66. The Starlings are found in both hemispheres, and thej
feed on the larvae which attack cattle ; they fly in large and crowded
flocks ; as the rose-coloured thrush of Europe ; and Malabar grakle,
pagoda grakle of India, &c. ; cockscomb grakle of South Africa ;
common stare of Europe; Sardinian stare of Europe, &c., and the
Louisiana stare of North America, &c. The QuisctUiruB inhabit New
Guinea, but especially North and South America; as the goreet
paradise bird of New Guinea, purple grakle and boat-tailed g^rakle
of South America, &c.

Case 67. The Icteric Orioles are also peculiar to America, and
live in flocks, feeding on grain and insects ; as the black and yellow
oriole, crested oriole, icteric oriole, and banana oriole, &c. The Ape^
laincBf like the preceding series, are also found in North and South Ame-
rica, generally in flocks among the cattle. Some of the species have
a peculiar habit of laying their eggs in other birds' nests, as the cowpen
oriole, red-winged oriole, &c.

Case 68. The Weavers, which inhabit Africa and India, and feed
on grain. They form their nest of interwoven blades of grass ; as the
Philippine grosbeak, weaver oriole of Africa, &c. The hawfinches have
a powerful bill, which enables them to feed on hard fruits, &c. ; as the
haw grosbeak of Europe, blue grosbeak of North America, crimson-
breasted grosbeak of Africa, ground sparrows of Galapagos, and widow
birds of Africa, &c.

Cases 68, 69. The Tanagers, which are peculiar to the New
World, are remarkable for their beauty of plumage, and feed on
grain, berries, and insects ; as the red tanager and summer tanager of
North America ; red-breasted tanager, bishop tanager, golden tanager .
of South America, &c.

Cases 69, 70. The true Finches, which generally live in small
flocks, feed on grain, and sometimes on insects ; as the house sparrow,
tree-finch, goloOSnch, linnet, siskin, greenfinch, chaffinch, &c., of
Europe ; wax-billed grosbeak, fosciated grosbeak of Africa ; cowry
grosbeak, white-headed grosbeak of India, &c. ; sea-side finch, yellow-
winged finch, song-finch of North America, &c. ; the buntings are
found in the world generally, and feed on seeds; as the yellow

OALLBRY.] NATURAL HISTORY. IS

bunting, foolish bunting, ortolan bunting, snow bunting, &c., of Eu»
rope.

Case 71. The Larks have the power of singing while rising from
the ground perpendicularly in the air ; as the skylark, woodlark. Ice.,
of Europe ; the bullfinches have very thick bills, which enable them to
feed on nard grains and seeds ; as the bull-finch, rosy-finch of Europe,
pine grosbeak of North America, &c. The crossbeaks have the points
of their bill crossing each other ; as the common crossbill, greater cross^
bill of Europe, and parrot-billed grosbeak of the SouUi Sea islands,
&c. The plant-cutters are inhabitants of South America, and are said
to feed on vegetables ; as the Chili plant-cutter. The colies are pecu-
liar to Africa and India, and live m flocks, feeding on fruits, and are
remarkable for sleeping in companies, suspended by one foot, with the
head downwards; as the Cape coly, wmte-backed coly, &c. The
plantain-eaters inhabit Africa, and live in pairs, feeding generally on
fruits; as the violet plantain-eater, Touraco plantain-eater, &c. In
South America the crested pheasant is found.

Cases 72, 73. The Hombiils, which are peculiar to- the Old
World. They feed on fruits, mice, small birds, and reptiles, which
they swallow whole, throwing them in the air and catching diem in
the throat ; as the rhinoceros hombill of Africa, helmet hombill, Pa*
nayan hombill of India, &c.

Wall Cases 74 — 83. The Scansorial Biros.

They are divided into several subdivisions: viz.

Cases 74 — 76. The Parrots, which are inhabitants of all parts of
the world except Europe. They live chiefly on fruits, and build in
the hollow trees ; as the racket-tailed parrot of the Philippine Islands ;
Pennantian parrot, ground parrot, &c., of Australia; homed parrot of
New Caledonia; Alexandrine parrakee^ &c., of India; blue and yellow
maccaw; hyacinthine maccaw of South America; Papuan lory; purple-
capped lory of the Indian Archipelago; hawk-headed parrot, yellow-
headed amazon*s parrot, passerine parrot of South America; great white
cockatoo, &c., of the Indian Archipelago; red-crowned parrot, and
Banksian cockatoo of Australia, &c.

Case 77. The Toucans, which belong to the New World, are simi-
lar to the hombill in habits and also in food; as the yellow-breasted
toucan, Aracari toucan, Janeiro toucan, &c.

Cases 78—80. The Woodpeckers, which inhabit various parts of
the world, and are divided into several subdivisions ; viz.

Case 78. The Barbets are inhabitants of India and its isles, South-
America, and Africa. Their food consists of insects, fruits, and smalt
birds; as the groove-billed barbican of Africa, &c. ; Cayenne barbet;
grand barbet of India. The PicvmnauB are found in South America
and India; as the minute woodpecker, &c The tme woodpeckers
inhabit North America, India, and Europe ; they traverse the bark of
trees in every direction, and insinuate their long tongue into chinks
and crevices to draw out the larvae of insects, on which they feed; they
also subsist on soft fruits; as tibe northem three-toed woodpecker,
white-billed woodpecker of North America, &c., and greater spotted
woodpecker of £urope> &c.

14 NATURAL HISTOftY. [EAST* ZOOX^

Cast 79. Dfnoo&pimm prmeiMUy live in South AHieitea» aad food
chiefly on fruits and eggs ot small birds; as the great black woodpecker
of Europe; Cmeae weodpeeker; red-heeded woodpecker of North
Axomtm, &c. l%e Cdemm, which fited ehicAy on inseets and ants; as
thefveeawoedpeeto of Europe; yeUow-crested woodpecker of Soadi
America; CeroKna woedpecfcer, &^

Case 80. The nound weedpeekeiji are pecidiar to Anerica and
Afiriea, lite prindpeUj en the ipreund, Mid feed on ants, &e.; aathegcdd-
winced woodpecker of Noru America, and crimson-lMreaited wood-
pecker of Africa. The wrynecks are inhabitants of Europe, India, and
Africa, feeding chiefly on ants, which they secure by means of their
loi^ tongue 9 as the wryneck of Europe.

Caws 81 — 83. The Cuckows, whidi are nugratory lurds, and are
dtnded ii^ serera] dmsions : viz.

Case 81. The Honey Cuekows are found in Africa, where they
are celebrated for guiding the natives to the nests of wild bees, enticing'
them to the spot by fluttering before Uiem, and reiterating a peculiar
cry ; as the honey cuckow, and lesser honey cuckow, &c. The rain
cuekows are pecidiar to South America, where they live on snakee,
fruits, and insects, whidi they search lor on the ground, as the long*
billed rain cuckow, &c.

Cases 81, 82. The Coucab are inhabitants of the warmer parts
of the world, and are generally searching among reeds and grass for
grasshoppers, lizards, and fruits ; as the giant coucal, variegated coucal,
&c., of Anstralia; bubnt coucal of Java, Sec., and the straight-heeled
coucal of Africa ; Cayenne cuckow ; spotted cuckow of South America.

Case 82. The Anis inhabit South America, the West Indies, Asia,
&c., where they are found on the ground seeking for insects, and others
feed on fruits ; as the greater ani and lesser am, &c., red-headed mal-
koha,, and tricoloured malkoha of India.

Cases 82, 88. The true Cuekows are only found in the
wanner parts of the world ; their food consists of insects and fruits ; the
European bird deposits its eggs in the nests of other birds ; as the
great spotted cuckow, and wmte- crested cuckow of Africa, &c

Case 83. Common cuckow of Europe, Dunnum euckow of Africa,
gilded cuckow, cupreous cuckow of Africa, &c.

Wall Cases 84 — 106. The Gallimaceous Bibds.

Case 84. The Tree Pigeons are found in Asia, Africa, Islands
of the South Sea, and Australia, where they reside in the woods,^
feeding oo fruits and berries ; as the parrot pigeon, aromatic pigeon of
India, &c., black-canped pigeon of Java, &c.

Cases 85, 86. Tne true Pigeons and Turtles : these inhabit most
parts of the world ; their food consists of grains and seeds, as the antarc-
tic pigeon of Australia ; nutmeg pigeon of the Indian Isles ; ring
pigeon of £urM)e.

Case 87. The Migratory Pigeon of North America, and common
turtle of Europe.

Case 88. The Ground Doves, which are mostly found on the
ground* seeking for grains and seeds, in most parts of both hemispheres ;
as the bronze-winged pigeon of Australia, &c. ; the grouna turtle ;

OAIXSEY.] NASVIUL B18Xa&Y. 16

Talpaeoti pigeon of Aimerica ; ptrtridge pigeon of tbe West indies;
Nieober pigeon; aaulgreat crojmiedl fMgeon of the Indian Isles.

CsKft 89, 90r The Cttftsaows, wUch are peculiar to South
America, where thej live in sniell floeks, seoMhing tbe ground for
worms and insects, also feeding on fruits ; as (Case 89) the marail
guan, motmotguan ; ( Case 90) crested curassow, razor-billed curassow,
cushew curassow.

Cases 91 — 103 embrace the series of Pheasants : viz.

CawaM—^. The Peacocksywhsehwtii^iabitaali of India audits
iilet,. wfaeie they are lonnd in the woods and jong^, feed on grainib
The crested peacock of fakha, Japaa peacock; Ir» peacoekt kc,, argm
pheaient, &C., and the cronoptiloii, from Thibet

Cases 94,95. The true Phoasili; these are found w41d in varioos
parts of Ana, but sone of them luife became natonalizeii in Europe ;
they feed on grain, roots, and iwccla; as the common pheasant,
pMiiled pheasant; and the Reeves's p hea s an t of China.

Cases 96 — 99. The fawb wMch are inhabitants of the jungles and
woods of the continent and isles oi India ; their food consiBtB of gnia
and IniitB, &&, as ( Case 96) the pencilled pheasant of China, ealomed
pheasant of Himakyan Mountains, &e. Case 96. Rulbtts-tailed phea-
sant, and fir»-backeel pfaeasort of Sumatm, &c ; Sonneiat's wild cock,
snpai) pheasant, Javaa cock, kc. Case 99. Homed pheasant, Uack-
headed homed pheasant of India^ &c.

Cases 99v iOD. The Turkeys and pintados are found in America
and Africa ; th^ feed on grain and other Tegeti^>le SLrbetances ; aa
(Case99>the Guinea pintado, crested pintado of Africa; (Case 100)
Aneriean turkey, Sdc;

Case too. The Imp^an pheasants ane peculiar to 1^ northern
p«ts of Aua, xnbeire they feed on bulbooa roots, wfasdi they dig up by
means of their bills ; as the Inpemi pheasant, Pucias pheasants, &c

Cases 101—103. The Pavtrki|[ea are firand in both the New and
Old World, where they generally mhabit the plains; tl^eir feed consists
0t grain ami other vegetable simstanoes ; as (Case 101) the sangmne
pheasant, cnrrie partridge of Nepal, flee., efote partridfle, bare>-necked
partridge of Africa, franecdin partridge of Europe and India. Case
102. Red pmiridse of Europe, o&m partridge of India, common
partricfee and qnailof Eurape, Andaiusian qnau of ^pani, &c. Case
wS. Crownea partridge of laifia, Cidifonuan <piail, and crested
quail, &c.

Cases 1)04, 105. The Groose, which are peculiar to the northern
parts of Europe and Araeriea: viz.^ tbe true Grouse,, which are
natives of the forests of the Ingh novthem latitudes of both hemi*
spheres, and of the highest; moontmns of cmtval Eurq)e ; they feed
on ffrain, buds, and fruits; as the wood grouse, which is sometimes taken
in ate North of Britain, as wdl as t^ planniyian grouse and willow
nouse ; sharp^iled groose^ ruffed grouse, hotk of Aneriea. Case
l€5. &md ^onse are only found in tdm deserts of the hottest parts of
the Old World, as the pin-taSed grouse and sand grouse, &c.

Case 106. The SbeatM>iIls have a& the appearances ef grouse:
soBie inhabit ^ plains of 8e«lh Amerksa, and others are generally
suen on Hie SMMhore, or fer out at sea ; as the white sbeaiiihiU and
black-billed sheathbill, &c. The Tinamous are inhabitants of the wanner

16 NATURAL HISTO&Y. [EAST. ZOOI.»

parts of the New World, where they are seen among the low brushwood
or tall grass; their food consists of fruits and insects; as the great tina-
mou, variegated tinamou, &c. The Megapodius is peculiar to the
Asiatic Islands and Australia, as the iiiega]^>aius, and the New Holland
vulture, &c.

Wall Cases 107—134. The Wading Birds.

Cases 107 — 109. The Ostriches, which are in flocks, and subsist on
grain, fruits, and herbage ; as the ostrich of Africa ; American emu.
New Holland cassowary, and galeated cassowary.

Case 108. The Dodo, which is only known by remains, as, for ex-
ample, the foot in this Case (presented by the Royal Society), and a
head (of which a cast is in this Case) and foot, said to have belonged
to a specimen which was formerly in Tradescant's Museum, now form-
ing part of the Ashmolean Museum of Oxford. The bird represented
in the painting, in the shortness of the wings and colour, nas much
analogy to the ostrich, but its foot greatly resembles that of the common
fowl ; and the head, from the cere and the position of the nostrils, is
most nearly allied to the vultures ; so that if these remains really be-
lonfired to one species, and that the one here represented, its true place
in the series of birds is not as yet satisfactorily determined. An onginal
painting of this bird, presented to the Museum by George Edwards, (and
copied in his works, plate 294,) who says it was drawn in Holland, frt>m
a living bird brought from St. Maurice's Island, in the East Indies, is
placed on the back of the Case. The Apteryx is peculiar to New
Zealand, where they are nocturnal birds, and feed on worms and insects.

Cases 110, 111. The true Bustards, which are peculiar to the
Eastern Hemisphere and Australia; they feed equally on grain, herbage,
worms, and insects ; as the great bustard, of Europe, but occasionally
found in England ; Arabian bustard ; white-eared bustard of Afrrica ;
ruffed bustard of North Africa.

Case 112. Coursers that live in the sandy deserts, where they run
with smprising speed if disturbed ; they feed on worms, &c. ; as the
cream-coloured courser of Northern Africa, which has occasiondly been
found in Britain ; double-collared courser of Africa, &c. ; the thick-
knees are found in the uncultivated open country and dry deserts, search-
ing for worms, slugs, and insects, &c., as the thick-kneed bustard of
Europe, &c.

Case 1 13. The Plovers inhabit Europe and various parts of the
world ; their food consists of worms, insects, &c. ; as the golden plover,
dotterel plover of Europe; n>ur-winged plover, wreathed plover of
Africa, &c. ; ringed plover of Europe ; noisy plover of North Ame-
rica, &c.

Case 114. The Turnstones obtained their name from the habit of
turning stones over to seek for the small shells and Crustacea that are
hid under them ; as the tumstone sandpiper of the English shores and
of other parts of the world. The Oyster-catchers seek their food on
the sea-shores; it consists of shell-fish, which they are enabled to
wrench out by inserting their bill between the valves, also of other ma-
rine productions; as the pied oyster-catcher, black oyster-catcher of
Australia, &c.

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. 17

Case 114. The Trumpeters, which are peculiar to South America:
as the gold>breasted trumpeter, and Brazilian cariama.

Cases 1 15 — 1 17. The true Cranes, which are found in most parts of
the world, on the borders of rivers and inundated places, seeking for
small fish and reptiles : as the common crane of Europe ; Siberian
crane ; Indian crane ; crowned heron ; demoiselle heron of Africa ; cau-
rale snipe of South America. Cases 117 and 118. Common and
purple-crested heron of Europe ; great heron of North America ; pacific
heron of Australia. Case 120. Great ^^t, little egret, Sec. Case 121 .
Demi egret, and blue heron of America, &c. Case 122. Bittern of
Europe, &c. ; lineated bittern of America; squacco heron of Europe;
and Iitde bittern of Europe, &c. Case 123. Night heron of Europe
and America, &c. ; tufted umbre of Afirica ; cinereous boat-bill of South
America, and the spoonbill of Europe, &c

Cases 124, 125. The Storks, which frequent the retired marshes
and borders of pools in various parts of the world, where they prey on
reptiles and small fish. Case 124. The white and black stork of Eu-
rope; American stork, &c. Case 125. Gigantic crane of India, &c. ;
American jabiru ; Senegal jabiru, &c.

Cases 125, 126. The Ibises, which are inhabitants of the inun-
dated places of various parts of the world, seeking for frogs, snails,
and worms, &c. Case 125. The wood ibis of North America, &c.
Case 126. Ethiopian ibis; black-headed ibis of India; New Holland
ibis, See.

Case 127. The Godwits: these birds migrate according to the sea*
son to various parts of the world ; their food is composed of small mol-
luscous animals, worms, &c. ; as the common godwit, red godwit of
England, terek snipe of Australia, &c.

Case 128. The Totanuue : these birds search among the gravel and
stones of the banks of lakes and rivers for worms, insects, and mollus-
cous animals, as the stagnile snipe of Europe ; greenshank snipe, com-
mon sandpiper of Europe, and Bartram's sandpiper; semipalmated
snipe of North America. The Avocets are remarkable for the ex-
treme length of their legs, which enables them to search the muddy
shores or mouths of the rivers for small insects and spawn of fish, &c.:
as the scooping avocet, long-legged plover, &c.

Case 129. The Sandpipers are inhabitants of most parts of the
world, seeking their food on the sea-shore and in marine marshes ; as
the knot sandpiper, ruff sandpiper, purre sandpiper, lesser grey sand-
piper, of Europe, &c. The PhaWopes are found on the sea-shores of
the Arctic regions; their food consists of Crustacea, &c. ; as the red
phalarope, grey phalarope, &c.

Case 190. The true Snipes inhabit the thickest underwood, others
seek the marshy districts ; their food consists of worms and insects ; as
the woodcock, great snipe, common snipe, jack snipe of Britain, Cape
snipe of India, &c.

Case 131. The Jacanas, which inhabit the marshes of the warmer
parts of the world, where they vnlk with facility on the floating leaves
of aquatic plants, as the chestnut jacana of South America, Chinese
jacana, &c. The Screamers are inhabitants of the inundated ground
of South America; as the homed screamer and Chaja screamer.

Case 132. The Rails live among the reeds on the borders of lakes.

16 MATUIAL fUflMtV. [BA8T. ZWMU

tmd ill manbei, feedkig on womn, lee. ; at liie water rail, crak»^lU
nule, oliyaceous galliBitle of Britain, dajpper rail of North Ammcn, loe.

Cases 188, 1^4. The Oallimiles am iMnd oa the liipcn and
lakes, amoi^ tiie reeds, seeldng their food, vliioh oosiaists «f norau
and lanrsB of insects, as the pinple gaUinuk of Europe, hlaek-bacJml
gallinnle of Australia, &e. ; Martinico gattiMde of Soolh AmcBea;
common ffallinuieof Ewope,&o.

Case 1§4. The Flnibots an pecxliar to Sooth Aaaerica and
Western Africa ; as the AmericaB finfi>ot, &c

Wall Ca»8 185—^66. The Wes^pootsd Bir»s.

Case 185. The Ftamin^^, which am fixmd in the wanser parta of
Europe, &c, on the baniu of rivers and lakes, feeding on snail shriM
fish, which they seize by inverting ^ head, to emph^ with a d v a n ta g e
the crook of the upper mandible ; as the red flamingo, itc

Cases 186, 187. The Spur-winged Geese hdnifait Asia, Afieiea,
and Australia; as the spur-winged goose, Uack-baeked geese, lee.

Cases 187 — 189. The Geeseare foand in variousparts of the woiid*
during their periodical flight; their food ooosisIb of grain and gnss; as
the I*^w HoUand oereopsis, MageManie goose, Canada goose> barred
headed goose of IinKa, grey-legged goose, and white-fionted goose of
Europe, ne.

Cases 140—142. The Swansan wisikatiit £sr their graeefid an.
pearance upon the water, and are found in most parts of the worn;
they feed on roots of aquatic fkuaU, Iec. ; as the i^istfing swans, bbck-
necked swan, ftc

Cases 148—146. The true Dnckst these biids are inhahitaals of
the lakes and rivers of the interior, but ooeasionally resort to the sea*
diore of yarious parts of the world ; thev feed consists of vcttetables,
insects, and shell-nsh, as the red-biHed whistiingduck of South ^nerica ;
shieldrake, widgeon, pintail ^ick, ooramon teal, &c, of Europe;
Chinese teal, and others.

Cases 147—149. The Sea Docia an prindpaUy inhalMtente of the
ocean or saline lakes, and an somettoses found on rivers of the inte-
rior, seekinff for small crabs, sh^-fish, &c. ; as the seoter duck, eider
duck, tufted duck, nyroea duck, red-crested duck of Europe, Ib&

Case 149. The Sphious-tailed Ducks are found in Uie wmer
parts of the world, as the lobated dnek of Austndia, Ural duck, &e.

Case 150. The Mergansers inhahk the Arctic regions; their food
consists principally of fish, &c ; as the goosander neifpanaer, md-
breasted merganser, hooded raei^anser, Ibc

Cases 151, 152 contain the Divers : tfa^ foon two divisions.

Case 151. The true Divers are found in northern resiona, and
are rapid tfivers, feeding on fish ; as Ae northern diver, blac&-thn>ated
^Bver, 8cc.

Case 152. The Grebes inhabit most parts of the world, feeding on
small fish, crabs, &c ; as the eared grebe, created grebe, Ice, of Europe.

Cases 158, 154 contain the Auks; diese are oceanic birds, inhabit-
inff the Arctic cireles, fee^g on fish and o&er asariae prodoctions,
and an thus divided :

Case 158. The true Auks; as the gnat a«k of Odcney, puftn auk,
razor-billed auk of the British diores. Ice

OALI^ESY.] MATIAAL HMVOMr. 19

Caie IM. TheSeaPMmtsjasl^Mfio^uctauktO'etiedai^Ctpe
penffoin, crested pengiiniyloc.'. liie GtuUeBMite; atliielooliihginUemot,
blaoc gttilleoMi of l^irope.

CaMs 165-160 coDtein the Guih: these birds are divided as fol-
lows :

Case 155. The Peteek, whidi are loiuid in ihe higli latitades of
both lMnuq>befes,iiBed on fish, iic.; as the divng petrel,stormf petrel,
Masks petrel, Fiihur petrel, aad br ead b itted petrel. Ice. ; giant petrel,
wandering albatross, &e.

Oases 157—159. The tnie GuUs-. they aie found in eterjr part of
the world, feeding on all kindsof aakndi matter, fish, Ice., as lie Arctic
gull, glaucous ffuU, black-backed gull, little guU, &&, of Europe; Inic*
tsiMguU, kituwake ffull. Ice.

Case 160. The l^ms are met with on every coast in the world, and
occasionally inland, on the lakes, feeding on marine prodaetioos ; as
the Caspian tern, roaeale tern, guU-bifled tern, nunute tern, &c., of
Europe; whtte-winged tern, &c. The SidmoierB hare reinrkablv
fora^ bills, that enu>le them to skim the surfiiee of the sea, in whidn
they dtp the lower mandible, the wpptr being elevated out of the
untd me prey is felt bj the lower ; as in the black slrimwer.

Case 161. Hie Tropic Birds are peculiar to tropical
where they catdi the (^ng-fiflh, Ice., as the commen tropic bird, icd-taiied
tropic bird, lie. The Darters live in smaH flocks, on the trees thust
overhane the rivers. Ice, firom whence tiwy phsnge into the water, and
eatch ma by dartinff at them 4kh their snaip bul and long vibniting
neck; as the vrhitejiellied darter, &&

Cases 102—166. The Pelicans that infaahk the marslns and sea
coasts, feeding on fish, &c ; as the ffsanet of Europe, Ac Csnes 162
and 168. White pelican, red-backed pdican. Ice Case 161. Common
cormorsnt, diag of Europe, tec.; and Case 166. Greater frigate bind,
and lesser frigate bird.

The SasLLs of Moixosooto Akdialb

are placed in the larger Table Cases across the udes of the room,
(in pnogress of arrangement).

Tables 1 — ^26. Univalve Shells,

belonging to belly-walking, or Oasleropodous Mofiusca.

TaUes 1, 2. The Strombs, as the large pink-mouthed stromb,
from the West In^Bes. With It are some of Ihe pink pearis which
are formed by the animal; they are extremely rare, and valuable when
of a good shape. The Diana ear stromb; the spiders* daws, sea
scorpions. Ice., which are peculiar fer the outer Up of the fiill-grown
shell betnff furnished with nnger-likeprojeetions ; theterebellum* which
is polished like the olive, but has no groe^ on the suture, and the
front of the shell as it were cut off. The spindle strombs, of the Red
Sea, which have the ca/rity of the tip of the sheik filled up with
cryBtalUne matter as the animal grows.

Tables 2—7. The Tarioos genera aHied to Jfartoss.

Tables -2, 9. The Trumpet SheOs ( TViton), ^e larger apeeies of

liO NATUEAL mSTOEY. [eA8T. ZOOT^

which is often used as a trampet by the natiyes of the Pkuafic Islands.
The angulated or ffadrooned triton. The gadrooned edge, so genially
used by sUversmiths, was taken from the finely wrought margin on
the mouth of this shell. The frog shell (Ranella), so called l^ause
th^ are flattened shells, and have a ridge of spines on each side.

Tables 3, 4. The Rock Shells (Murex), so beautifully ornamented
with the foliaceous, curled, and spinous protuberances witii which their
shells are adorned. Among others, the Murex trunculus of the Medi-
terranean, which is believed to have yielded the l^rian purple of
the ancients. The Slit-mouthed Shell (Plewrotoma), with a notch
on the hinder part of the upper lip, as the virgin slit-mouthed shelly
from China.

Tables 4 and 5. The Cone Shells, among which is to be seen
the celebrated Glory of the Sea (Conus Gloria Maris), from the
Philippines; it is very like some varieties of the cloth of gold.
The setting sun cone ( Conus Vespertinus), from the east coast of Africa.

Tables 5, 6, 7. The Spindle Shells (Fusus), and the Pear Shell (Py-
ruhi) ; some of the shells have the whorls alwa3rs turned in the contrary
direction to the usual one, and have hence been called reversed ; as
the reversed spindle shell, from Sicily, or the Crag Rocks, and the re-
versed pear shell. It is commonly believed that reversed shells of this
kind are only found fossil ; but this is not the case, and reversed spe-
cimens of shells which have the whorls in the usual direction sometimes
occur ; but they are monstrosities, produced by some accident of the
animal before it is hatched. Specimens of the common whelk, and one or
two other shells of these kinds are to be seen in the collection ; but they
are rare, and hence persons have been induced to believe that reversed
shells are always very valuable, but this is not the case. A specimen of
the reversed spindle shell, of the reversed bulimus, or of physae or clau-
siiiae, with the whorls in the common direction, would be as rare and
valuable as reversed shells of those kinds which are generally of the
common direction. The large Chinese spindle shell, which grows to a
large saze. The Turnip Shells ( Turbineua), some kinds of which are
very large and heavy. They are generally spotted when young, and
white when adult, and from their form have been called 'nirnip
Shells or Rape Shells ; these are often used as oil vessels in the Indian
temples, and for this purpose are carved and otherwise ornamented,
as may be seen by some m the collection. When reversed they are
much souffht for by the Ceylonese, and highly valued ; one of these
reversed chmp shells is in the collection : they are said to sell for a very
large price in Ceylon and China. The Iris wave ( TurhineUa pris-
matica)f so called, because when the shell is wetted the periostraca
gives out brilliant prismatic reflections. The tulip shells (Fasciolaria),
among which is a kind which is by far larger than any other univalve
shell yet discovered. The ostrich foot {StnUhiolaria), and the
pelican's foot {Aporrkais),

Tables 7 — 11. The ffenera allied to Buccinum.

Tables 7, 8. The helmet shells ( Cassis), some of which grow to a
very large size, and are used to form cameos. The CassuGa, The
fulse helmet ( Cassidaria). The harp helmet ( Cyathara), The tun
{DoUian), which are often used in tropical climates to bale boats

GALLERY. 1 KATUBAL HISTOBY. 21

vvith. And the harps (Harpa), so called because the ribs left on the
surfece by each succeeding addition to the growth of the shell have been
comparea to the strings of a harp. In some species these ribs are &r
apart, in others close ; the latter are called the double-stringed or ridged
harp ; they were formerly very rare.

Table 9. The purple shell (Purpura), so called because, like
many other of the animals of this kind, they emit a purple secretion
which has been used in dyeing. The unicorn shell (Monocero8\
so cfldled because of the tooth-like horn on the front of the edge of the
outer lip. The planaxis, which has been confounded with the peri-
winkles. The limpet purple ( Concholqpas), which was formerly ar»
ranged with the Patella, because of the large size of the mouth of its
shells. It exactly resembles the left valve of the heart cockle, a
bivalve dhell, in shape, but it has the same small horn-like projection on
the front of the outer lip. The mulberry shells (Ridnula), which are
usually covered with spines, and have been thought to resemble the fruit.

Table 10. The Magilus, which, when the £ell was first discovered*
was thought by Guetard to be a stalactite, or mineral secretion ; more
lately Lamarck placed it with the worm shells, but the animal scarcely
differs from the Purpura; when the animal is young it has a thin
shell of nearly the usual form, but of a white colour ; at a certain
period of its growth, the animal deposits in the cavity such a quantity of
calcareous matter as to produce the shell, in its subsequent growth, into
a more or less elongated straight process, leaving only a small cavity
for the body of the animal at its end. They exist in or on corals, and
the extension of the shell is to allow the animal to keep its body level
with the surface of the growing coral, that it may be enabled to procure
its food. The LitioptB, which, continually floating about the ocean, are
attached to the Gulph weed. The whelks (Buccinuni). The needle
shell ( Terebra), The BuUia, which has a very large animal for the
size of the shell. The Nassa, The Ringicula, which has been con>
founded with the Auricula, but only differs frt>m the Nassau in
having the large plaits on the pillar.

Table 11. The Olives, AnciUaria, and butter shells, or Ehumoy
which are polished externally : as the camp olive ( Oliva porphyrid)^
from Panama ; the Brazilian olive ( O. JBrasUiensis),

Tables 11 — 14. The genera allied to the Volutes.

Tables 11, 12. The Melons, or Cynibium, which often grow to a
large size, and are used for domestic purposes by the Chinese and other
Asiatic nations: as the crowned melon, and some of the Volutes^
The young of the melons are produced alive and of a large size ; the
top of the spine is of an irregular shape like a nipple.

Tables 12, 13. The Volutes; as the very rare courtier or red clouded
Tolute ( V, auUca) ; the gambaroon ( Voluta Beckii); the imperial vo-
lute ( V, imperialis), from China ; long-spined volute ( V, ancitta)^
from the Falkland Islands.

Table 13. The rest of the volutes, and the Mitres, which
differ from the former in having a longer spire ; as the bishop mitre
{M. episcopaJis) ; the abbot mitre {M, tiara) ; the papal crown-
(Mitra Papalis)', the orange flag (Mxtra vexiBum); the cracked
mitre (M, fissurata).

^ KATimAL RlSTORy; [EASf. ZOOZ.*

Tables 14, 15. The dat€ shells (Margigtdla)^ wfaiek aie cotered witlir
a polished coat, like the cowries and olives, ai the spotted tnd lhie<^
date (Marginetta Pemcula)% the robin (Marg. fflitbeBa), The Cowries
( Qmrau) and thehr allied gCAefs.

Table 14. The Cowries, as the momiiig down, or orange cowrf
(Cypraa mtranHa), used as an ornament bj the inhabitMrts of
the Friendly Islands, and therefore seldom procured wi^ont harnnj^
been drilled ; the map cowrj ( C majma) ; the C^rtta VeiieiUUma >
the mole (Cypraa taipa); the lapwing egg (CyprtBa hum), wicb
scarcely any teedi ; the white-toothed cowry (C^eea kucodou) ; ^s&
money cowry ( C. Moneta), still used as currency in Africa^

Table 15. The pig eowries ( TWvta), which from the ribs oo tike
back have been compared to scored pigs, from their resemblance Up
the animal ; the China shell, or Ovnla, as the Chmla anfftJomt, whick,
like the orange cowry, is worn as an ornament by the natives of tlie
country where it is found, and where it is so valued that they sometMoe*
cut cones or other thick wlute sheik into its shape. These shells are
called PorceBitmeSf and are supposed to have been the cause of ehmar
being caHed by that name. Tne weaver's shottle (Badhu), which »
so cdled from its shape.

Table 15. The various genera allied to Turhot as the ponie-
granate or Turbo SarmaticuB, from the Cape of Good Hope. The
singular, or Turbo totquatm, with its peenHar opereulum, froia New
Zealand. The golden sun {hmerator oceiSentoHs), frt>m the West
indies. The imperial, from New Zealand. The Guilfordian smn
(Imp. GvilforduB), feoiok Japan. The pheasant (PkasiantMa varia)f
from New Holland.

Table 16. The Top Shells (Troehua} and their allied genera ^
as the pyramid (Planus). The rosaiy ( Ctangidut Pharaonieuf), Thm
jujube berry (Trochus Ziziphimu), The iris or rainbew cardirop
(Cantherus Iris), from New Zealand. The button shell (HotdM
lineolata). The strawberry (MenodonUt)* The gold button (Ziwmt$
aurea), which is peculiar for the light goMen colour of the peavL
The dolphin (Delphkada), The feise ear shell (StomateOa and
Stomatia),

Tables 17, 18. The true ear shell (ffaUotis), as wrinkled ear
(H. Mid(B)i ihe iris or rainbow ear (H. Iris); the slender ear
(H, Asinina); the doiAle ribbed ear (PadoQas). The slit limpet
(Emargimtla), The shield shell (Parmophorus). The key-hoie
limpet, or mask (FisstareHa). The long-holed limpet (MiKhrtiekisma).

Table 18. The nerites (Nerita). Fresh-water nerites (NmUna)^
The crowned nerites (CUthon), and the fresh-water boat riieHs (iVavt-

Table 18. The apple snails (Ampv^ria), The reversed appte
snaik (Lamstes). The pcnple, or floating snail (Imn^ina}.

Table 19. The nipple shell (Natica). The Venus* ear ( Crypto-
stoma). The winkle (Littorina), and other genera allied to tiiem.
The pagoda shell (Pagoduai)» The staircase riiell ( Solariwn), s^
called on account of the ridge roond the cavity in tiie uis or
umbilicus resemUing a well staircase.

Table 20. The Fresh- water Clubs (Melania) ; tbeekibe ( Ceritkiim),

GALLS&Y.] KAT(7ftAL HtBT^mY. 28^

Table 21 . The screw ( TumVdZs), ai Hie preis screw ( T. hieari'
naiay The milk sbeU {Eviimd). Thm ladder shell ( Sealeeria), often
called by the Dutch name, Wentletrap, signifying a winding ladder;
tlley weoie fun ue riy very rare, but are now brouffht from China. The
pond snails (Pumdina), The worm shell ( Vermetm)^ which is like
the tube* of scvpulsBr

Tkble 22. The feol*» cap ( Cajmh»)y and the Hipponyx with its
shelly under vmWe, which has caiised it to be mistaken for a bivalve
sb^ The ilipfwr shell ( Crepithda). The cup and saucer linrpet
(Dispotea), The Trochus-like limpet ( TrochUa) and the Neptune's
cap, which has a aip-shapcd under valve. The carrier (Phorus),
which has the pecnliarity of attachmg to tiie outer surface of its
shell, as it enlarges in size, stones, fragments of other shells, coral, and
other marine substances, from whence it has been called respec-
tively the " Conchologist," and the ** Mineralogist,** as riiell or mineral
preponderated. Some of the species have this habit only in an early
stage, others retain it during the whole period of their existence;
some have the margin oi me whorls expanded into a broad disk,
others have this part furnished with a series of long tubular processes
like the rays of tne son,, hence the name of Sim Carriers. The flilse
limpets (LottU) ; tooth shcU (Dentalium), The Bubble Shells (BtdU),
and the shelly plates found in the gizzard of some of the species. The
rose-bud {BvUina),

Tadbles 23^ 24. The homy shells found under the skin of tlie sea.
hares {Aplysia), and the shelly blade bone shell of DolaheUojixoit^ the
Indian seas. The very fragile and thin glassy nac^Ius ( Carinaria), and
the different species of paper nautilus or Argonauts. The poetic ac«
couat of the animal usually found in this shell using its dilated arms
for sails, and its slender arms as oars, from whence Pope gave his well^
known lines,

" Learn from the little Nautihts to sni,
Spread the thin oar and catch the driving gale,'*

proves to be a fiction. The dilated arms are used by the animal to*
clasp the shell and keep it on the body, when it passes through the
water, like other cuttle nsh, with the broad part of the body forwards.
The flat orbicular shell of the Chinese umbrella ( Umbrelui), and the
homy thin silvery shells found under the skin on the backs of PleurO'
hranchus and Jaerthella. The Limpets (Patella). Scaly Chitons
{Chitons). Spinv Chiton (Acanthopleura). Leathery Chiton (To-
nichia). Fasciculated Chiton (Acanthochetes). ChitoneUa, or sea
caterpillars, and the AmiculcB, or shelless chitons.

Tables 24 — 30. The various genera of Land Shells, as the shelly
plates which are found under the skin of the slugs and the different kinds
of snails or Helices.' as the Streptaxis, which has the axis bent on one
side, as if the shell was cmsbed. The Grecian lamp (Helix Ana"
stoma), which has the mouth turned up towards the whorls on the
upper surface of the shell. The Proserpina, which has the cavity of
the shell furnished with large continuous folds.

Tables 27 — 29. Land Shells continued : as the different kinds of
BvHmi; the puppets {Pupa)\ the closed shell (ClausiUd), which
has a shelly valve that closes the mouth of the shell, placed behind the

c 2

24 NATUEAL HISTORY. [eAST. ZOOI^

{>lait on the pillar, and the Achatitus. Many of these shells deposit a
arge egg covered with a hard shell, like the eggs of birds. The eggs of
different kinds are in the Case.

Tables 29, 30. The Fresh-water Shells, as the different genera allied
to Auricula, amongst which is the Carychium, the most minute of the
British land shells ; and the different kind of pond snails (Ztm]ieir«)»
coil shells (PlanorbU), and fresh-water limpets (Ancylus). The
Amphibola, from Australia. The Siphonarice, which so much resemble
the limpets ; and lastly, the various kinds of CyclostowuB and HeUcinm.

Tables 31—49. The Bivalve Shells.

Tables 31, 32. The shell of the Venus femily (Venerida), as the
spiny Venus, Venus gnidia.

Table 33. The Cardium, or Cockle &mily {Cardiadae).

Tables 34, 35. The Mactra and Tellina families (Mactradte and
TelUnida:) ; the Borers, or Pholada, and the Watering Pot {Aspergil-
lum\ and Club Shell, Clavagella.

Tables 36, 37. The Solen, Anatina, Chama, Etheria, Cardita, and
Crassatella families.

Tables 38—41. The fnesh water bivalve; the Unionida, or the
Duck Muscle; Scotch Pearl Muscle; and Chinese Pearl Muscle,
Dipsas pticata.

Table 42. Tlie Area and the Iridina family.
» Tables 43 — 45. The Muscle and Pinna foimily, and Mother of
Pearl shells.

Tables 44 — 48. The Oyster, Pecten Spondylus, and Anomia
families.

Table 49. The lamp shell ( Terebratula) ; Duck muscles (Lin^
guh) ; the Crania and bisciruB, the upper valves of which have been
mistaken bv some authors for limpets; the bones of cuttle fish
( Sepia) ; toe cartilaginous lances of sea leaves {LoUgo), sometimes
called sea pens. The fossil Belemnites, which are supposed to be similar
to the small homy process at the end of the cuttle fish bone. The
crozier shell {Spirula), and the different kinds of Ammonites and
Nautili.

JOHN EDWARD GRAY.

AprU4,lS5Q.

OALLEBY.] P0ETEAIT8. 25

LIST OF PORTRAITS

-Suspended on the Walls of the Eastern Zoological Gallery of

the British Museum. 1842.

First Compartment, beginning on the left from the Mammalia Saloon,

1. King James I. Onpannel. Presented bv Dr. A, Gifford,

2. King Henry VIII. Onpsinuel Pres. by nr. A. Gifford,inl758.

3. Oliver Cromwell. "A copy from Mr. Cromwell's original,

grandson to Hen. Cromwell, L<*. L*. of Ireland. 1725." This
Portrait came with the Cottonian Library,

4. Mary Queen of Scots, by Com. Jansen. \ Presented by Dr.

5. King Edward III. On pannel. > A, Gifford,

6. King George I. From the Old Cottonian Library.

7. Henrietta Maria, Queen of Cha. I. \ Presented by Dr. A.

8. King Henry VI. On pannel. J Gifford.

9. Oliver Cromwell, by Walker. Bequeathed^ 1784, by Sir Ro-

bert Richj Bart., to whose great-grandfather, Nathaniel Rich,
Esq. , then serving as a Colonel of Horse in the ParliametU
Army, it was presented by Cromwell himself,

10. King James I. Presented by Mr. Cook,

11. Mary Queen OF Scots, " »t. 42." Onpannel. Presented by

Lieut. 'Gen. Thornton,

12. King William III. Presented by Dr. A. Gifford.

13. William Duke of Cumberland, by Morier. Presented by

Lieut.' Gen. Thornton,

14. James Duke of Monmouth. Presented by Dr, A. Gifford,

15. King Richard II. Presented, in 1766, by John Goodman, Esq,,

of the Middle Temple,

16. Queen Elizabeth, by Zucchero. Presented by the Karl of

Macclesfield, 1760.

17. Mary Queen of Scots.

18. ,King George II., wh. l.,by Shackleton. Painted for the Trustees.

19. Queen Elizabeth. " Anno Dfii 1567." On pannel. PrC'

sented by Lord Car dross, 1765.

20. Margaret Countess of Richmond. Presented by Dr. A,

Gifford.

21. King Charles II., by Sir P. Lely. Presented by Dr, A. Gifford.

22. King Henry V. On pannel. Presented by Dr. A. Gifford.

23. King Edward VI. Presented, in 1768, by Mrs. Mary Mack-^

morran.

24. Caroline, Queen of Geo. II., by Jarvis. Presented by Lieut-

Gen, Thornton.

Second Compartment,

25. Dr. Andrew Gifford, by Russel, 1774. Bequeathed by him-

self, 1784.

26. Rev. Dr. Thos. Birch, painted in 1735. Bequeathed by himself.

27. James, 1st Duke of CHANDOS,wh. 1. Presentedby James Far-

quharson. Esq,

28. Humphry Wanley, Librarian to the Earl of Oxford. Pre-

sented by Herbert WestfaUng, Esq,

29. Claudius James Rich, Esq., bom 1787, died at Shiraz, 1821.

26 .FO&miaTB. [east.

Resident of tbfi English East India ComfNiny at Bagdad from
1808 to 1821, whose Collection of MSS., Medals, and AntiquL-
ties is placed in the British Museum. Preaented by his Widow,

30. Joseph Plant a, Esq., F.R.S., Princiral Libr^an of the British

Museum, from 1799 to 1827, by T. Phillips, R. A. Presented
by the Bight Htm. Joseph Planta, G, C.H.

31. Sir Hans Sloane, as " President of the Royal Society^" Hidf

length. •* Step". Slaughter pinx. 1736."

32. Sir Hans Sloans, ^\i, L, seated.

83. Dr. John Ward, of Gresham College. Presented by T. HolUs, Esq.

84. Dr. Matthew Maty, 2nd Principal Librarian of the British

Museum, by Dupan. Bequeathed by himself 1 1776.
^. Major- General Hardwicke, by WT Hawkins. Presented by

J. E. Gray, Esq.
36. Sir Hans Sloane, by Murray.
87. Dr. Francis Turner, Bishop of Ely.
38. Robert Earl of Oxford, by Sir G. Kneller. Presented, in

1 768, by the Duchess Dowager of Portland.
89. Sir Robert Cotton. Presented, in 1792, by Paul Methuen,

Esq., of Cor sham.

40. Sir John Cotton. From the Old Cottonian Library.

41. Rt. Hon. Arthur Onslow, Speaker of the H. of Commons,

wh. 1. Presented by Admiral Onslow.

42. Sir Thomas Cotton. Presented by his descendant, Mrs. H. M.

Bowdler, 1826.

43. Sir Robert Cotton, A.D. 1629. From the Cottonian Library.

44. Edward Earl of Oxford, by Dahl. Presented, in 1768, oy

his daughter, the Duchess Dowager of Portland.

45. Humphrey Wanley. Presented by the Earl of Leicester, in

1 795, afterwards Marq. of Toumshend and E. ofLeic. " Hum-
fredus Wanley Coventriensis, 1717."

46. Rev. Dr. Thomas Birch.

Third, or Central Compartment.

47. Peter 1., Emperor of Russia, ''from an original, dranfn by

Klingstad, in the possession of the Earl of Hertford, 1725; then
Ambassador at Petersbuiigh." From the Old Cottonian L&rary,

48. Pedigree of the Cornelia Family.

40. Stanislaus Augustus L, K. of Poland. 7 Presented im the
50. Charles XII. of Sweden. ^ Bev. A. Phnia.

^. A Hunting Pisce, by Qio. Battkta Weenix.

52. Louis XIV. Presented by the Rev. A. Planta.

Fourth Compartment.

53. Lord Chancellor Bacon. Presented by Dr. A. Giffbrd.

54. An Unknown Head, in ruff and beard; onpannel; "^tatissuse

59. 1606."

55. John Duke of Marlborough.

56. WiixiAM C0URTEN4 Esq., when young, inscribed " Gul. Courten

Ann."

57. Andrew Marvel. Presented by Robert Netthkm , Msq., Gov.

of ike Russia Company.

58. Admiral Lord Anson. A oopy from the Picdsreat Wimpole.

Premntted, m 1814, by the E»i of MmrdmiAe.

&9, Archbibhop UsiiBR. JPrestftted by Dr. A. Gifferd,
00. Dr. Thomas Burnet. *< Ad vivum pinxit BomsB Ferdinand,
- ]67S." BsfueqOied by Matthew Waierty Esq, ]788.

63. Henry Stebbing, D.D. " Jos. Highmore, pinx. 1757." Pre-

seated by his grandeen Henry SiMifKit Esq. 1813.

62. Sir Henry Spelman. Presented by th. A, Qifford,

68. An Unknown Head, a acuU in the eight hand; on pennel;
^* ^tatis Buae 24. A° l&^:*

64. Sir William Dugdale.

(S^. William Cecil, Lord Burghley. On pannel. Presented by

Dr. A. Gifford.
GQ. Matthew Prior, by Hadson, from an original of Richardson.

Presented by the Earl of Besborough, 1775.

67. An Unknown Portrait. In one comer is written "J. Ray."

Bequeathed by Sir William Watsou : said to have been painted
by Mrs. JBeale.

68. William Camden. On pannel. "-^tatis lvul mdcix."

69. Sir Isaac Newton. Bequeathed by John HatseU, Esq., Clerk

of the H. of Commons. 1821.

70. Rev. John Ray. This Portrait behnaed to Sir Hans Shane.
lU John Speed, the historian. On pannel.

72. Archbishop Cranmer, " Anno etatis 57, Julij 20," by Gerlach

Flicke*. " Gerlacus fliccius Gennanusfaciebat" On pannel.
Presented^ in 1766, by John Michelly Esq. M.P. of Bayfield
Hall, Norfolk.

73. William Shakspeare. Presented by M. Maty, M.D.

74. George Buchanan. A small portrait on pannel. " Etatis 76.

Alio. 1581."

Fytk Compartment.

75. Voltaire. Presented by M. Maty, M.D. M^.

76. An Unknown Head.

77. Vesalius, on pannel, bv Sir Antonio More. This Portrait be-

longed to Sir Hans Stoane.

78. An Unknown Portrait. Presented by Dr. A. Gifford.

79. .A Portrait (called Cha. I. when Prince). Presented, in 1759,

by Mrs. Elizabeth Gambarini.

80. Anna Maria Schurman, by John Lieyens.

81. Sir Francis Drake.

82. Pope Clement X.

63. Sir Antonio More. On pannel. Presented by Dr. A. Gifford.

84. Cosmo de Meoici and bis Secretary Bartol. Concini. A

copy from Titian. Brought from the Old Cottonian Library.

85. Martin Luther, a small wh. 1. on pannel. <<D. Martinus

Later, 1546, 18 Febr. -Etatis 63. iaer.'*
QQ. Queen Mary I. of England. ** Maria Princeps, Ano Dom.
1531." "I. B." initials of the painter. Presented by Sir
Thomas Mantel,

87. George, tenth and last Earl Marischal of Scotland.

On copper; painted at Rome, 1752, by Placido Costanzi. Pre-
sented by Lord Glenbervie.

88. Jean Rousseau, employed in the Paintings of Montague House.

Presented by Mrs. Wollfryes, 1757.
* GerUidi or Gerbcctus FllcdiM. See Walp. Anecd. of Paint.. 4to «dit. p. 4.

28 PORTRAITS. [e. ZOOL. OAI^

89. Capt. William Dampier, by Murray. It belonged to Sir

Hans Sloane,

90. Cardinal Sforza Palavicini, 1663. Presented by Smart

LethieulKer, Esq,

91. Ulysses Aldrovandus, by Giorgioni. It belonged to Sir

Hans Sloane.

92. An unknown Portrait of a Gentleman in a ruff and long

beard : « iEtatis suae 66, An. Dom. 1590.** On pannd.

93. Isabella, Infanta of Spain.

94. St. Evremond. Presented by M, Maty, M,D,

95. Sir Peter Paul Rubens.

96. Landscape by Wilson.

97. John Gutenberg, ^he inventor of the art of printing with move*

able types. Presented by Paul Vaillant, Esq,

98. Henry Frederick, Prince of Orange. Presented, in 1782,

by Lord Fred. Campbell.

99. John Locke. Presented by Matthew Maty, M,D,

1(X). Governor Herbert, by Devis. Presented by Admiral Page,

101. James Parsons, M.D. " iEtat 60 anno quo Benj. Wilson

pinxit, 1762." Bequeathed by Dr, Knight, 1772.

102. John Wallis, D.D., the Mathematician.

103. Mary Davis, an inhabitant of Great Saughall in Cheshire, taken

1668, "setatis 74.'* At the age of ^ an excrescence grew
upon her head, like a wen, which continued 30 years, and
then grew into two horns, one of which the profile represents.

104. Sir John Doderidge. Presented by Dr, A, Gifford,

105. Dr. Gowin Knight, 1st Principal Librarian of the British

Museum, by Benj". Wilson. Bequeathed by Dr. Knight, 1772.

106. Frank of Borsalia, Earl of Ostervant, who died in 1470.

107. Algernon Sidney.

108. Alexander Pope. Presented by Francis Annesley, Esq,

109. Unknown, t, Cha. IL

110. Philip Dormer, Earl of Chesterfield, by Ramsay, 1765.

Presented by Sir Thomas Robinson, Bart, in 1777.

111. Richard Baxter. Presented by Dr. A. Gifford, 1760,

112. Sir Henry Vane, Jun. Presented by Thomas HoUis, Esq,

113. Lodowick Muggleton, " Aged 66, 1674.**

114. Thomas Brfiton, the Musical smalUcoal-man, « ^tat. 61»

1703." By Woolaston.

115. Mr. George Vertue, the Engraver, " ^t. L. 1733.** Pre*'

sented by his widow, 1775.

116. Robert Cecil, 1st Earl OF Salisbury. On pannel. Pre'*

sented by Dr, A, Gifford,

At the north end of this Gallery, by the sides of the door, are two
Paintings, one of the Cromlech at Plas Newydd, Anglesea ; the other
of Stonehenge. Presented by Richard Tongue, Esq, 1837.

HBNBY ELLIS.
April 4, 1853.

*♦♦ The following Portraits, formerly Nos. 61, 84, 85, 87» 107. and 108, vit.

•OeoArey Chaucer, 1400, a small wh. 1. on pannel; a Limninf^ of Frederick III. of

Saxony, by Lucas Cranach; the Portraits of Moli^re, Comeille, and an unknown

head by Dobson, all on pannel; with the Portrait of a Pope or Cardinal; on ac>

count of their diminutive lise, have been transferred to the Print Room,

N. zooL. GAL.] NATuaxL HISTORY. (Animals.) 29

THE NORTHERN ZOOLOGICAL GALLERY.

FIRST ROOM.

This room may be for the present considered as an appendage to the
two foregoing.

The Wall Cases contain the collections of Bats, which are ar-
ranged here on account of want of space in the Mammalia Saloon,
and because they require shallow cases for their exhibition ; and the
other side of the room is a collection of Nests of Birds and Insects,
exhibiting the architecture of these animals.

Wall Cases 1 — d. On the upper shelves, the leaf-nosed bat from'
Brazils, the vampire, or bloodsucking bat, from the same country; the
Rhinolophes ana Megadermes, from India and Africa. On the lower
shelves are placed the horseshoe bats of the Old World.

Wall Cases 3, 4. The Nvcteres of Africa, and the Petalias of
Java; the Nyctophiles of Australia; the Barbastelles and long-eared
bats of Europe ; and the true bat and Scotophiles, which are scat-
tered over different parts of the world, and the Lasiures of America.

Wall Case 5. The Moormops and Chelonicteres of the West
Indies; the Taphozous of Africa and India; the bull-dog bats of
Tropical America; and the Molossi and Nyctinomes.

Wall Cases 6 — 8. The different kinds of fruit-eating bats,
which from their large size are often called flying foxes ; they are
only found in the warm parts of the Old World and the Australian
islands.

The Table Cases. The tubes of Annulosb Animals, the casts
of the interior cavities of Shells, and various specimens of shells, illus-
trative of the diseases and malformation of those animals.

Tables 1, 2 contain the shelly tube formed by the Serpula, which
have often been confounded with shells. The tubes of sand, agglu-
tinated together by the juices of the animal, formed b^ the Amphitrite,

Tables 3, 4 contain specimens of shelb, exhibiting the different
sizes of different specimens in their adult age, the changes of form which
occur in the shell during the growth of the animal, the changes
which take place in the cavity of shells, the manner in which shells
are mended by the animal after any injury, and also how the animal
covers anv excrescence which attaches itself to a shell, or removes any
part which is in the way of its enlargement

Tables 5, 6 contain a series of plaster casts of the interior cavities
of different shells of living moliusca, to assist in determining the
casts of fossil species often found in rocks.

Tables 7, 8 contain a series of models on an enlarged scale, and
some specimens of minute bodies, formerly called Nautili, but now
formed into a group under the name of Foraminifera.

In one of the Cases are the shells used for cutting cameos, showing
the places where they are cut from.

SECOND ROOM.

The Wall Cases round the room contain the collection of exotic
stuffed Reptiles and Batrachian Animals, and the Table Cases
the hard part of Radiated Animals, including the Sea Eggs, Sea
Stars, and Encrinites.

c 3

dd KATd&AL UI8TOBY. (Aoimab.) [n. zool. gai»

Thx Wall Cabeb 1 — 10. The Ijizaass.

The Cases 1—5. The Monitors of Africa and India. In both
countries they are venerated by the natives, who assert that they give
notice of the approach of crocodiles, by hissing when they peroetre one
of those animals; hence their name.

Case B. At the bottom are the Heloderms-from Mexico, which, imlike
any other lizard, have a groove in the back of the teeth like serpents.
They bi*6 said to be poisonow ; but this may be a mistake, for ignorant
persons are inclined to believe that all reptiles are dangerous.

Case 6. At the upper port, the Safegoards of the tropical parts
, of America. They grow to a laif^ sise. The Creeodihtrus has two
heels in the tail like the oroeodiles.

Case 7. The Seines and other allied genera, i^icfa are generally
'Small and polished. They come from the warmer parts of bwi hemi-
-spheres. Some have distinct and strong legs, and others rudimentary
ones ; as the blind worms, which have the bones of the legs hid under the
skin ; the^ are all quite innocent.

Cases 8, 9. The Geckos, or night lizards, which have the power of
walking up glass, or even to run with £icility back downwards on the
ceiling of a room, like a fly. They come from (^ warm parts of both
hemispheres, and differ graady in the form of their toes; some have the
skin of the sides spread out to assist them when jumping from tree to
tree. In the lower part are the various lizards allied to the Guanas.
They are only found in America, and live on trees ; are very quarrelsome,
and often fight with great ardour when they meet; they have the
ftusulty of chanffing their colour with ereat quickness. The Anoles
have the end ol their toes dilated, which enables them to walk on
smooth and perpendicular sur&ces, Uke the Geckos.

Case 10. The different genera allied to Agama. They are only
found in the warmer parts of the Old World and Australia ; as the Mb-
lochsy whic^ are almost eaiivefy covered with large spines ; ^e Dragons
of India, which hafte the skin of their sides spread out into the form ef
wings, held up by the ends of the ribs ; when at rest these wings are folded
together on me sides, but when it leaps frcnn branch to branch they U3fe
-spread out and act as a parachute ; the frilled agama ( Chlavnydoaemrus^^
which has a large folded frill round its neck like a Queen Elizabeths
ruff, which it can elevate when excited. The lower shelves contain
the different kinds of dumeleons, which are found in A&ica and
India, and the islands near them; they have been long celebrated on
account of the r^idity with which they (flange their colours; and
^y are remarkable for ^e distance to vtHhich oiey can protrude the
tongue in order to catch insects, which form their pincipal food.

Wall Cases 11—17. TTie Snakes or Sehpento.
They differ from the lizard in always swallowing their food entire.

Wall Case 11. The Poibonoitb Boxpfiirrs.

In the upper shelves are placed the Rattle^saakes pecidiar to
America, which have a rattle at the end of the tail ; Uits rattle is fomed

ilOOM It.] NATURAL HlfiTFORY. (Anitnals.) <dl

<of a senies of horny jo^ils, fitting one into the other, which the animal
torn ^htke at pleasure; there «re several detached rattles, to show their
stractuve ; the fler de lanoe of the French colonists in South America,
and the different kinds of poisonous snakes allied to ihe rattle-snake
^idttoh come from India. The Vipers ; as the adders of Europe, the
long-nofled viper (Ammot^tM) of Southern Europe ; tlie crested or
ciouble-homed viper of Egypt and North Africa ; the nosehom viper
of Guinea, and the puff adder or short^tailed viper of the Cape of
Ckiod Hope and Western Africa. The viper is the only reptile lound
in Great Britain possessed of dangerous poisonous qualities.

Wall Cases 11—16. The Colubaine Snakeb.

Case 11. On the lower shelves. The Sea Snakes, which are pe-
culiar to the seas of Asia and New Holland, and are in some degree
dangerous, as many of the species have small fiings dispersed amongst
the tarue teeth ; some of them grow to a v^ large siee ; they sleep on
the shores coiled up, and are sometimes found asleep on the surface
of the calm tropical seas ; and the Acrochorde, foukid in the ditches
of the rice-fiel(k of India.

Cases 12 — 15. The genera allied to the Boas ihey are the only
snakes furnished with the rudiments of legs; they are not venomous,
and kill their prey by crushing it between the folds of the body, gene-
rally at the same time twisting the end of their prehensile tail round a
tree or some other fixed point, in order to increase their power; some
come from America, some from India, and a few from Africa.

Cases 16, 17. The genera allied to Coluber; as the water snakes
( Tropidonottts) and the common ring snake of England ; the coral snake
{JElaps), which is marked with alternate black and red rings; the flat-
tailed coral snake, which lives in the sea and has a flattened tail ; the
juggler snakes {Naja\ which have the faculty of dilating the skin of the
neck so as to form a kind of hood over the head; they are found in
Africa and India, and are used by the native jugglers in their exhibi-
tions; the Indian species have usually a yellow spot on the back of the
neck, somewhat resembling a pair of spectacles. These snakes have
their hinder teeth larger than the rest; are furnished with a poison tube,
like the &ng of the rattle-snake and vipers. The tree snakes, or coach-
whip snakes, have very long bodies; tney live chiefly on trees; one of
these is peculiar for its nose being much produced.

Wall Cases 18—23. The Tortoises and Turtles.

Cases 18, 19. The Land Tortoises, which live on vegetable sub-
stances. They are used for food ; as the gigantic Indian tortoise, natu-
ralized at Galapagos, from whence they are procured in large numbers
for food by the sailors ; and the diflbrent species from India, Africa,
and America, many of which are beautifully varied with yellow.

Cases 20—22. The Fresh-water Tortoises, 9t Terrapins, which
live on animal food; tiiey are found in the warmer parts of both
hemispheres, and are eaten by l^e North Americans and the natives of
Indk. Some grow to a large si«e, as the crocodile or snapping tor-
toise of America, atnd the thurgi tortoise of India. On the lower
shelves of Case 22 an ^ Ohefyd<^f which differ from the other terra-

93 NATURAL HiSTOEY. (Animals.) [n. ZOOL. gai^

pins in bending their head back under the margin of the shell when at
rest, and cannot withdraw it into the cavity of the shell like the other
tortoises. These animals will only take their food while in the water
when in confinement.

Case 23. The three-clawed terrapins, which live in the nren
of Africa and Asia, and North America; they are strictly camiyorcms,
and eat their food in water ; they are to be seen in the Ganges preying
on the human bodies that float down that river. The lower shelves
of this Case contain the Marine Turtles, which live principally on fuci,
sea- weeds, shells, and crustaceous animals : as the Luth of the Mediter-
ranean ; tiie green turtle, and the imbricated turtle, or tortoise-shell
turtle of Arabia, which furnishes the best sort of tortoise-shelL

Wall Cases 24 — ^26. The CaocoDiLES and Amphisbcbnas*

The Crocodiles inhabit both the Old and New World ; the alligators^
only found in America ; and the garials, which are peculiar to India.
The upper shelves of this Case contain the double-headed snakes (^m-
^hisbcma), so called because both ends are nearly equally blunt, which
oas led to the idea that they could walk backwards and forwards with
the same facility.

Wall Case 26. The Batbachian Animals.

The lower part of this case contains the toads, frogs, and efts : the
most remarkable are the tree frogs, which have the power of walk-
ing on polished surfaces, and of attaching themselves by their feet
to, and walking with their bodies suspended on the under side of the
smoothest leaves ; they fix themselves directly they alight on any body,,
and, like many reptiles, they have the faculty of changing the colour of
their skins, which often enables them to elude the vigilance of their
enemies. The bull frogs of America ; the homed toads of Brazil ;
the paradoxical frog from Surinam, the young or tadpole of which,
when in its fish-like form, is lai^er than its parent, and has been de-
scribed as a fish ; and Pipa of Brazil, which deposits its eggs on the
back of the male, who carries them a certain period, when the young are
emitted from the cells ; the siren of Carolina, which looks like an eel
with front legs ; the proteus of the dark subterraneous lakes of Southern
Europe, which is of a pale pink colour, and blushes when exposed
to the light ; of this here is a very accurate wax model, to exhibit its
appearance when alive.

The Table Cases contain the Sea Eggs, Star Fish, and Encrinites.

Tables 1—9. Sea Eggs.

Tables 1 — 6. The globular sea eggs. The club-spined echinus
(Case 3), which has very large club-shaped spines; the tessellated
echinus, which has short, broad, flat-topped spines like tesseUated paye»>
ment. The wines easily fell off when the animal is dead, which makes
specimens with spines on them rare in collections.

Tables 7, 8. The Sea Pancakes, which are so depressed that there
scarcely appears to be any room for their internal viscera; some of them
are lobed or finsered on the mar^n, and others pierced with slits.

Table 9. The CrolerUes, which are most abundant in a fossil state^

BOOM lu.] KATUBAL HI6TOBY. (Animals.) 98

and some of the Sea Hearts, the species of which are continued into
and occupy Case 10.

Tables 11—18. The Stab-Fibh.

Some have five and others many rays; some have the surface
scattered with tubercles placed on the junction of a net-like skeleton,
and others are formed of flat-topped pieces, like a tessellated pavement,
each separate stem being fringed with an edge of minuter pieces; some
of them bear on the top of each of the flat pieces a solid tubercle*
which often falls off when the animal is dead.

Tables 19—23. The Lizabd-tailed Stab-Fish,

so called because they often throw off the end of their rays when they
are handled or put into fresh water, as lizards do when they are caught
and cannot escape.

Table 23. The Gobgon's Head,

the arms of which are repeated branches, so as to end in inw
numerable flexible filaments, by which the animal attaches itself to
marine bodies, and strains its food from the surrounding water.

Table 24. The Comatida, or Sea Wigs,

which are the recent representatives of encrinites, found so abundantly
in certain rocks.

On the side of the door is a small Case containing the Encrinite
from the West Indies.

THIRD ROOM.

The Bbitish Zoological Collection is contained in thi»
Room.

The Wall Cases are occupied with the collection of British Verte-
brated Animals, the larger species being suspended on the Walls or
placed on the tops of the Cases. The Table Cases contain the Eggs
of the Birds ; a series of British Annulose Animals, to illustrate the
arrangement of the British Insects ; Spiders and Crabs ; the Collec-
tions of the shells and external skeletons of British Molluscous and
Radiated Animals.

British Mammalia. Wall Cases 1 — 9.

Case 1. The upper part is occupied with the British Bats.

Cases 1 — 5. The Carnivorous Beasts, as the cats, foxes, marten,,
stoat, seals.

Cased. The lower part contains the Insectivorous Beasts, as the
shrewmice, mole, hedgehog.

Cases 5, 6. The Glirine Beasts, as the rats, mice, squirrels, rabbits,,
hares.

Cases 7-^9. The Ungulated Beasts, as the stag, roebuck, and
fallow deer.

M iiATOAAL HiSTOftY. (Animtk.) [n. soml. gal.

BftiTiBH BiEDS. Wall Owes lO-^-dO.

Cases 10—13. The Raptorial Birds. (Cases 10—12.) The
eagles, the hawks, the owU.

Cases 14 — 16. The Perching Birds, the goatsuckers, swallows,
rollers, kingfisher, bee-eater, warblers, wagtails, thrushes, flycatchers^
chatterers, butcher- bmls.

Cases 17, 18. The Gallinaceous Birds, pigeons, peacock, phea-
sant, fowls, turkey^guinea-fowls, partridge, oualls.

Ooes 19 — 22. 'uxe Wading Birds, as toe courser, heit>n, night-
heron, storks, sandpipers, snipes, woodcock.

Cases 23—30. The Web-Footed Birds,

CaseM. The ducks.

Case 25. The swans. Case 26. Sea*ducks.

Case 27. Meiganser, grebes, divers.

Case 28. Auks, guillemots, petrels, skua gulls.

Case 28. Gulls. Case 30. Terns, gannets, cormorants.

British Reptiles. Wall Case 31.

Case 31. Reptiles and amphibia in the upper division, as lizards,
snakes, toads, fVogs, efts.

Bbitish Fish. Wall Cases 31—43.

Case 31. The gurnards and perches.
Case 32. The weavers, bullheads, and breams.
Case 33. The magils, John dory, and wolf-fish.
Case 34. The angler, rockfish, or labri.
Case 35. The carps, barbels.
Case 36. The pikes and salmons.
Case 37. The salmons and trout.
Case 38. The cod, haddock, ling.

Case 39. The turbot, plaice, flounders, soles, and the lump-fish,
and pipe-fish.

Case 40. The sturgeon, and the sharks.

Cases 41 — 43. The rays, thombacks, and lampreys.

Birds' Eggs. Table Case 1.

Table 1. The Eggs are arranged in the same order as fhe Birds in
the Wall Cases.

British Annulose Animals. Table Cases 2 — 4.

Table 2. The Insects with Jaws, as the beetles (Cokoptera),
earwigs, cockroaches, cricks and grasshoppers (Ort/u^tera), aragon-
flies, caddis-flies, &c. {Neuroptsra), icbneumons> ants, beei* wasps
{Hgmenoptera).

Tabled. The Insect with a haustellum, or jprebosois, as the Ho-
moptera, bugs (Hemiptera), the butterflies, hawkmoths and Bioths
(Lepidoptera)^ the flies with two wings (IHptera), as gnats, craneflies,
&c.

Table 4. A selection of British spiders, oenti{)ede8« and cnntacea,
such as crabs, lobsters, shrimps, and woodlice.

BOOM IV.] NATURAL HTSTMiY. (AmmftU.^

Shells of Bhitibh Mollusca. Table Cases 5, 6.

Tables 5, 6. Shells of Gasteropodes, as snails.
Table 7. Shdls of Conchiferous Mollusca or Bivalves, such as
oysters, cockles, mussels, &c.

Habo Paats of Radiatsd Avimals. Tid>le Case 8.

Table 8. The first division of this Table contains the Sea Kggs
and Starfish, and Holothurias.

The three other divisions contain the CoraU, Corallines, Gorgonias,
and Sea Pens.

Catalogues of each of these collections are being prepared; the
Catalogues of the Birds, Crustacea, and Radiata are now to be pro-
cured.

FOURTH ROOM.

The Wall Cases round the Room contain the stuffed coUeotien of
exotic Bony Fish, at present under course of arrangement.

The Table Cases, a few specimens of Annnlose Animals, to exhibit
their systeraetic arrai^eme&t

The general collection of insects and Crustacea are preserved in
cabinets. They may be seen by persons wishing to consult them for
the purpose of study (by applicwon to the Keeper of the Zoological
Collection) every Tuesiuy and Thursday. To prevent disappointment,
it is requested that persons wishing to see those collections will apply
two days previous to their intended visit.

Wall Cases 1 — 13. Spiny-bayed Fish.

Cases 1—4. The perches, gurnards, the firing gurnards with their
large pectoral fins, the bull-heads, the hog-fien, sea scoipions, the fly-
ing sea scorpions or sea butterflies, paradise fish, and fingered perches.

Cases 5—7. The Scienoid fish, maigres, ombres.

Case 6. The bristle-toothed fish or (jMBtodont.

Case 8. The Holacanthi, the scombers, mackarel, tunny, the sword
fish with its long pike-like nose : some of these afford a most important
article of food.

Case 9. Pilot fish, horse mackarel, John dories, pomfrets.

Cases 10, 11. Dolphins, which change colour so rapidly when they
are caught ; the sea garters and lophotes, which are very thin and coin-
pressed ; the surgeons, which have a lancet-like spine on the side of
their tail.

Case 12. The aea nmllets, wolf fish.

Case 12. The Lophius or fishing frog or angler, with their very
large head and moutn ; hand fish, so called because its pectoral fins arc
elongate, as if placed on an arm ; the rook fish or Lahri,

Cases 13. Various kinds of rock fish (Labri). At the bottom the
tobacco-pipe fish and trumpeter fish.

d6 NATURAL HiSTOEY. (Animals.) [n. zoot^ gai*

Wall Cases 14—19. Soft-bayed Pish.

Cases 14, 15. Carp, and other fresh water fish of different countries;.

Case 15. The pikes: the bony pikes, from America; the garpike,
ivhich has green bones; and different kinds of flying fish.

Case 16. Siluroid fish : the callichthes, which are covered with rows
of imbricate plates like scale armour; and the Joricaria, which has the
body entirely covered with a hard coat formed of angular scales ; the
salmon, trouts, &c.

Cases 17, 18. Different kinds of salmon and herrings.

Case 19. Various kinds of Bony Pike.

Case 20. Cod, ling, whiting.

Case 21. Flat fish: turbot, flounder^; their bodies are compressed*
and they lie on the white side at the bottom of the sea.

Case'22. The lump fish, and different kinds of eels.

Wall Cases. Anomalous Fish.

Cases 23, 24. Sea horses, so called because they bear a grotesque
resemblance to a horse in miniature when drv. Spiny globe fish,
which have a beak like a parrot; they have the feculty of dilating
their stomach with air, hence their name.

Cases 25, 26. The balistes or file fish, which have small teeth, and
are covered with a hard skin; leather jackets, with a more flexible, less
armed skin.

Case 26. The cofiin fishes, covered with a hard homy skin formed of
six or eight-sided plates, forming an even coat ; the sturgeons, from
Europe and America. .

On the Tops of the Cases,

different kinds of fish which are too large to be arranged in the
proper places in the Cases.

Large shad with a long dorsal ray, from Mexico ; a flying sword-
fish, from the Indian Ocean, with two other pikes; and, bielonging to
the same kind of fish, one which has been forced through uie oak
timber of a ship. These fish swim so rapidly, that if they come
against a ship they pierce it.

The Tables 1 — 12. Insects.

Tables 1 — 8. The Coleopterous Insects or Beetles ; the leaf-beetle
or Mormolyce, firom Java ; the burying beetle (Necrophorus) ; the stag*-
beetle, with its lonff jaws like the horns of deer; the scarabaeus, which
incloses its eggs m balls of dung, and was esteemed sacred by the
Egyptians ; the rhinoceros, elephant, and bubaline beetles, which have
the front of the head or the firont of the thorax produced into vafiously-
shaped horns or humps.

Table 2. The buprestidse, with their metallic colours, the hard wings
of which are often used to ornament dresses in the place of spangles ;
the lantern spring-jack (Elater noctihtcus), with a spot on eacn side of

Lf

BOOM IV.] KATURAL HI8T0EY. (Animals.) 37

the thorax, luminous when living ; the various kinds of glow-worms,
curculians, or long-nosed beetles, as the diamond beetle, from the
Brazils ; the prionii, which have very long jaws, and live chiefly in old
wood ; the harlequin beetle with its very long fore legs.

Table 8. The false kangaroo beetles ( Stigra), with their very large
hinder legs ; and the different kinds of tortoise beetles, and lady-birds,
some of which are very brilliant.

The earwigs, with their beautiful fan-like wings ; the cockroaches,
which have been introduced into England; the praying insects
(Mantis) and some of their eggs, which are formed into different
shaped masses ; the walking-sticks, some of which are provided with
large fan-like wings, but the greater part are destitute of them and look
like fragments of stick.

Table 4. The rest of the Ortkopteroits Insects. The house, field,
and mole crickets of England; the monstrous cricket, with its extra-
ordinary toes and curled wings, from China; the different kinds of
iocusts ; grasshoppers. The Neuropterous Insects, as dragon-flies, ant-
lions, with their curious larva, which form a pit to catch insects ; the
scorpion-fly (Panorpa) ; the white ants ( Termcs), so destructive in the
tropics ; and the cases of different kinds of caddis flies. The Hymen-'
opterous Insects, as saw-flies, wasps, hornets, ichneumons, sand wasps |
bees, as the wood-cutting bee.

Tables 5 — 8. Lepidopterous Insects,

Tables 5 — 7. Butterflies, exhibiting the different forms of their
wings and the peculiarities of their colouring.

Table 8. The hawk-moths, as the privet hawk-moths, the death's-
head moth, the clear wings, the humming-bird, and the Bumets. The
different kinds of moths, as the ghost, found in and so destructive to hop
grounds; the leopard and goat moths, which feed on wood in their
larva state. The Tusseh silk-worm moth, and some of the silk worked ;
the Kentish glory ; the drinkers ; the silk- worm moth, and cocoon oa
birch twigs, as they are kept in Siberia.

Table 9. Different kinds of moths, as the large owl moth, from
Brazil.

Table 10. The Dipterous Insects, as the different kinds of flies,
gnats, breeze flies. The Hemipterous Insects, bugs of all kinds : the
wing-legged bug ; the water scorpion ; the boat fly ; the cicadse ; and
the lantern flies from China.

Table 11. Spiders. The tarantula; the nest of a spider with a
moveable lid which closes the hole by its own weight when the ani-
mal leaves it ; one has a door at each end, the nest having been in a
clod of earth which was turned over, the animal formed a second lid
at the opposife end. The scorpions of different countries: bristle-
tailed scorpion ( Thelyphonus) ; toe tailless scorpion {Phrynus), which
has very long claws.

Table 12. The whale lice; sand spider; galeodes; acari; shepherd
spiders; the scarlet tick, from Africa. The iuli, scolopendrse or centi-
pedes, so called from the number of their legs.

Tables 13—24. Crustacea.

Table 13. Spider crabs, with long legs and small bodies.

Table 14. Rough crabs; the common crab; two have a number of

^ NATUaAL HI8T0AY. (AnilliaU.) [k. ZOOI.. QJLJtm

oysters growing on their backs, showing that the crahs do not dumge
their skm every year, or that the oyster grows to a huge size uol a very
short space of time.

Table 15. Oval^bodied crabs.

Table 16. The fin-footed or smmming crabs, from different parts
pf the ocean.

Table 17. The telescope or long-eyed crab; the landcndjs.

Table 18. The square4)odied crabs; the crested crab; and the
Chinese fin-fbpted crab.

Table 19. The porcelain crabs; the corystes; the back-footed
GEabs; and the death's-head crabs, which usually form for themselves a
CSAO from pieces of sponge or shelL

Table 20. The Bemhard or hermit crabs, which live in shells;
the tree lobster, which is said to climb cocoa trees to get at the nuts.

Table 21 . The sea locusts or scyllarus ; the sea craw-fish.

Table 22. The scorpion lobster, which lives a great part of its life
on land, and destroys new made roads in India by the excavations it
forms under them. The lobster; one of the specimens exhibited was
pale red, nearly of its present colour, when alive. The mantis crabs ;
the diflbrent species of shrimps ; the glass-like alima and phyllosoma,
which are scarcely thicker than a piece of paper, and nearly as tran&-
parent as glass; they are found in the ocean near the equator ; the king
crab, with its long stile-like tail and large head.

Tables 23, 24. The sea acorn ; whale lice ; barnacles, or goose
shells, as they are called, from the extraordinary belief that they were
the origin of bamade geese.

FIFTH ROOM.

The Wall Cases contain the collections of exotic stufied Carti-
laginous Fish, as the sharks, torpedos, rays, string-ray, &c.

On the Top of the Wall Cases are some Rays and other Car-
tilaginous Fish, too large to be placed in the Cases.

Table Cases. Sponges of different kinds, showing their various
forms and structure, and some preserved in fiint, showing the same
structure.

JOHN EDWARD ^BAY.

April 4, 1853.

KOBVHCAL.] KATU&AL HisxoftY. (Muieralt.) ^

NORTH GALLERY.

The Kooms on the North side of the North Wiog are appropriated to
the Collectious of ^lineralB and Fos&ils, Of the latter see p. 67.

MINERALS.

In acoordanoe with the plan J^aid down fior their diftrihuti*n»4fae Table
Caiefi containing the General Collection of Minerals £oarm two rows,
or series, extending through four rooms or compartments of the gal-
lery, as follows :«—

In Boom h*, being the N. E. .comer room, the first series of Table
Cases begins and the second terminatos : it oontains Cases 1 to 6 and
$&U)W, with six supplemental Cases. Room IL contains the Cases
7 to 13 and 48 to 54. Room III. the Cases 14 to 23 and 38 to47, with
two supplemental Cases; aad in Room (V. are placed the Cases 2El
to 30 and 31 to 37, the arrangement of which is nearly ooiapleted.

The system adopted for the arrangement of the Miaerala, with occa-
sional deviations, is that of Berzelius, founded upon the electro-
chemical theory and the doctrine of definite proportions, as developed
by him in several memoirs read before the Royal Academy of Sciences
' of Stockholm. The detail of this arrangement cannot here be entered
into : it is, however, partly supplied by the running titles at the out-
sides of the Table Cases, and by the labels within themf .

The first two Cases, and part of the third, contain the electro-po^ive
native metals: iron, ot^per, bismuth, Jead« silver, mercury, palladium,
pilalttnum, osmium and gold.

Cases 1 and 1a. Native iron of undoubtedly terrestrial opiein is of
very rare ooeurrenfie,almoBtall the inaulatedmassesofthismetal hitherto
iound having proved to be meteor;jc, imd of these the following ^eci-
mens are deposited nearly in the order of their discovery, or of the first
mention made of them : —
1751. A portion of the mass of iron of the descent of which, at Agram,

in Croatia, oa the ^th of May, detailed official aooounts were

draiwn up by the authorities of that place, who presented it to the

Roman Emperor, Francis I., and to the Empress Miaria llieresa.

* It may here be observed that among the objects separately placed in Room 1.
are — near the window opposite to the Table Case eontaining the nadve silver, a
braaehed variety of that metal fr«m Koagsberg« psesented by H. Heuland, Eiq.;—
in the centre window of the east side, a large portion of the trunk of a coniferous
tree converted into semi-opal, presented by Lady Chantrey; — in the window near
the Table Cases containing the «ulph«tet« a very large mass of Websteiite, firom
Newhavan, Sussex, presented by Dr. Idantell ;— a large specimen of the brown eoal
of Iceland, called Surturbrand. Tlie sculptured tortoise near the centre of this
room, placed on a round table inlaid with various antique marbles and other
minerat substances, is ^wrought out of nephrite or jade : it waa found on the
banks of the Jumna, near the city of Allahabad, in Hindostan, brou^ to
England by Lieutenaut-General Kyd, and presented to the Museum by Thomas
Wilkinson, Esq.

t Ad electro-chemical arrangement, in aooordanee with the principles laid down
by the great Swedish chemist mmsalf not long before Ms dea^ in a memoir on
thin auQeet, has been given by Pcof. Ramowlsberg, in his " J.J. BerseHtu^ Neuts
Minearal Syatemt NOrvdterg, ia47>" and will, if circumstances allow it, be hereafter
adopted for the collection contained in the Table Cases ; the present araaogemcot
rMiuiining nearly as we and it in tlie 4th ad. of BerseUus' woek on the Use of the
BlQwpipa, imbluhed in 1824.

40 NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) [north

1760 — 1770. Iron from the right shore of the Upper Senegal, in
Africa, noticed by Golberry, and other travellers about that period.

1772. A piece detached from the mass which was discovered in that
year by Pallas, on the summit of a mountain between Abakansk and
^elskoi Ostrog, on the banks of the Jenisey, where it was con-
sidered by the Tartars as a sacred relic : original weight about 1680
pounds ; (presented by the Museum of the Imperial Academy of
Sciences of St. Petersburg.)

178d. Iron from Otumpa, m the Gran Chaco Gualamba, in South
America, found by Don Rubin de Celis, who estimated the weight
of the mass to be about 300 quintals, or 15 tons *.

1784. Do. found in that year at the Bemdeg6 rivulet, Capitania
of Bahia, described in Philos. Trans, for 1816, (weight of tne re-
maining mass calculated by Martins to be upwards of 1 7,900 lbs. )

— Meteoric iron from Xiquipilco, in Mexico, first brought into
notice in 1 784.

1792. A large piece of the iron from Zacatecas, Mexico ; first de-
scribed in that year; (presented by John Parkinson, Esq.)

" A small one of that found in the province of Durango, described
by Baron A. Humboldt ; (it has by some been confounded with that
of the preceding locality. )

1793. Iron, from the Cape of Good Hope, found in that year, and first
made known in Barrow*8 Travels in Southern Africa, 1801 : (the
mass is now in the cabinet of Haarlem.)

1805. A small portion of the mass, originally weighing upwards of
3300 lbs., dug up at Bitburg, in' the Eifel, near Treves, but which,
from ignorance, W&s committed to the smelting furnace.

A large piece of the same having been thus exposed to the action

of the fire.

1808. Iron from Texas (Red River), described 1845. For an account
of this, and of most of the American meteorites, see several niimbers
of Silliman's American Journal, between 1845 and 1850.

1810. Three specimens of the iron from Rasgata, N.E. of Santa F4
de Bogota, S. America ; described about 24 years afier its discovery.

1811. A piece from the mass (originally weighing 191 lbs., of which
upwards of two-thirds came to the Imperial Collection at Vienna)
of the iron of Elbogen, near Carlsbad in Bohemia, where from time
immemorial it had been known by the popular and legendary appel-
lation of the Enchanted Burgrave (der verwUnschte Burggraf)*

1814. In December. Two specimens of the iron found at Lenarto
in the Serosh Comitate, Hungary, one of which, being polished and
treated with acid, exhibits the outlines of imperfect crystals f.

1818. Part of the mass of iron found in that year at Lockport,
New York, and described in 1845.

1819. Part of that found at Burlington, in the Otsego County, New
York ; described in 1844.

* The large mass of iron placed against the wall under the window, was sent
from Buenos Ayres, in 1826, by Mr. (since Sir Woodbine) Parish ; It is supposed
to be part of that of Otumpa, described by Rubin de Cells in the Philos. Trans,
for 1783 : iU weight 1400 lbs. Presented by Sir Humphry Davy and Sir
Woodbine Parish.

t The delineations thus produced are known by the appellation of Widroann*
sted figures ; they are observable in various polished specimens here deposited.

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) 41

1819. An Esquimaux knife and harpoon (from Davis's StraitSi Lat. 76^
12' N., Long. 53^) the iron of which is meteoric; (mentioned in
Captain Ross*s voyage, 1819, and presented by the Lords Commis*
sioners of the Admiralty. )

1820. Small portions of the iron from Guildford County, North Caro-
Una, discovered in that year ; described 1841.

1827. A mass from the province of Atacama, republic of Bolivia,
containing much of an olivine-like substance within its cells; (pre-
sented by Sir Woodbine Parish.)

Another large specimen of the same, polished.

1 832. A mass discovered in Walker County, Alabama, in that year ;

described in 1841.
1835. July 31st A speciqoen of the iron which was then seen lo fall

in Dickson County, Tennessee ; described 1845.

1839. A portion of that of Ashville, Buncombe County, N. Carolina,
described in that year.

A ponderous mass of iron from Cosby's Creek in the S. W. part

of Cocke County, Tennessee, described 1840 (with which is placed
a ma^ of graphite found in it, weighing 830 grains).

1840. The greater part of another large mass of iron found in the Sivier
County, of the same State, and nearly at the same time.

1842. A portion of that of Babb's Mill, Green Co., in the same State,
described in 1845.

1843. Iron from Arva, in Hungary (three characteristic specimens,
one containing much graphite), discovered in that year.

1845. A portion of that from Hommoney Creek, near the base of
Pisgah Mountain, Buncombe Co., N. Carolina; described 1846
(resembling the Atacama iron).

1846. Mass of iron from Smithland, Livingston County, Kentucky,
described in the same year.

A considerable portion of the mass, weighing 280 lbs., found

in the same yesCr at Carthage, Smith Co., Tenn. ; described
1846.

1847. July 14th. Specimen of the iron which was then seen to fall, at
Braunau, in Bohemia.

A portion of that discovered near Lake Lsssgen, in Branden-
burg ; described in the same year.

A great portion of the mass discovered at the close of the

same year near Murfreesboro', Rutherford Co., Tennessee.

1849. A portion of the iron ploughed up in that year about seven
miles from Chesterville, Chester County, S. Carolina.

1850. A portion of the mass found on Ruff's Mountain, Newberry
district, S. Carolina, described in the same year.

To these are added the following specimens of Iron, the origin of
which is still problematical, viz., that from La Buiche, Department of
the Allier, called pseudo-volcanic steel ; that of Gross- Kamsdorf, in
Saxony ; that^f Collina di Brianza, in the Milanese ; also, the iron
discovered at Magdeburg, and which, according to Stromeyer*s ana*
lysis, contains (brides nickel and cobalt) copper, molybdenum, and
arsenic ; and a specimen detached from the large mass of iron found
and still preserved at Aiz-la-Chapelle.

Case 1*. Of meteoric atones or meteorites, (classed with native iron,
because they all contain this metal, chiefly alloyed with nickel,) the

4i KAtUBAL HISTCHBY. (Miovals.) [SOBTK

foKowhig are placed in cfaroaological ofder with regvA to tkeir de-

seent: —

1492. Eneiiheioi, io Alsaoa, Nov. 7tb» when EmpeFor MaawnilMti,

then king of the Romans, was on the point of engaging with the

French army ; this omm, wlucb weighed 270 Iba, w» pmerred in

the cathedral of that pfaiee, till the begimnng of the Prenefa Bcnre-

lation> wbeB it was conveyed to the pnblie librarj of Colman
1723. June 22Bd. Plaakewitz, near Reiehftedty in Bobemta.
1753. July 3rd. Simultaneously alt Plarni, StoLow, and sone ether

places in the circle of Tabor or Becfain, Bohemia ; (oantaiBs a greet

proportion of attractable iron*)
1768. Nov. 20th. Maurkirchen, Inn circle, Austria.
1787, Oct 1st. Bdbric, government of Clnrkow, Ucraine.
1790. July 24th. Stones from Barbotaa, Roquefort, and Jvdiae, hi

the Landtt of Gascony, in which places they teU sinukaneously.
] 794. June 16th. One of a dozen stones, of veriow weigfate and

dimensions* that fell at Sienna, in Taacany.
1795. Dec« Idlh. The celebrated Yorkshire stone, weighing 56 Ibe.,

which fell near Wold Cottage, in the parish of Thwing^ East Riding

of that county.
1798. March 12th. Commune of Saks, near ViUefhuiehe, in the

department of the Rhone ; (the stone weighed about 20 Iba. >

Dec. 19th. Stones fallen near the city of Benerts, i» the East

Indies ; ^presented l^ Sir Joseph Banks and W. Manden^ Esq.)

1803. April 26th. Entire and broken sDCciraens of the stones of wli^h
a shower descended at Aigle, in the oepai^men t of the Ome.

1804. April 5th. Fragment of sstone wfaieh fell at Posiil, near Glasgow.
1807. June 27th. Do. of that of Tfanoehiny in the gon^ernment of

Smolensk, RiMsia.

Dec. 14. Do. of that of Weston, in Conneetieuty United Slates ;

(original weight about 800 Lbs.)

180& April 19th» Casignanor near Botgo St. Domhio, in the
Duchy of Parma.

— ^ Auiy 22nd. Two of the numerous stones whh shining Mack sur-
face, that fell at Stannem, in Moravia; (one of them preaeatad by
U. L M. the Emperor of Austria. )

1810. In the month of August Tippemry, Ireland; (it contakis
quartz globules of a greennh colour, owing to oxide of nickeL)

1811. July 8th. Berlanguillas, in Old Castile, Spain; e iragmem from
one of the three or four stones fatten theie^

1812. August 5th. Cbantbnoay, between Nantes and La RocheHe^
Department of the Vendue ; a iragneat of one weighing 66 lbs;

1813. September lOth. Adare, in the county of Limerick Ireland.
1814b In the month of March. Id the vieinity of Wiburg, in Russian

Finland.
-^ — Septeoiber 5th. Agen, in the Py rei i ee s (Dep. de Lot-eC^G^

ronne).
1815. Oct 3rd. Chassigny, near Langret^ Dep. of the Upper Maroe;.
1819. Jiune 13th. Jonsac, in the D epar tme nt of the Lower Cbarente.
1821. Jnne 151b. Juv4aaa» Oep. of the ArdMe^
1825. February 10th. Nanjemcm in Maryland.
1825. Sept Ifith. Honolniu, Owhehee, Sandwieh Islands.
1827. May 9th. Drake's Creek, Naabriile, TcnaMsee*

1828. June 4tfa. RichnKmd, ChMfeHteM CmiXtty, Vii^nia.

1834. Jane 12tb. ChanrallM, hi^a.

1885. August 4tb. Aldswoitlk, 12 milci £. of Cir«iic6tter.

1688. April 18tfa. A meteorite, which fcU at the village of Ahbar^

poor, ha the dfatHct of Saharenpore ; pretentid by Major Cautley^

Bengal ArtHlery; (weight aboni 4 Ibe.)
-^— - Jane 6th. A fhigment detached from ene of the three ttonee

which gimaitaneously fell at three TiUa^, aboot a mile diitant

from each other, in the valley of Berar (situated Lat. 21° N., Long.

77° 2(X £. ), in the East In^.
October Idth. Old BokkeveMy at the Cape al Good Hdpe ;

(two whole stones : the larger presented fay S^ John Hersefael, Bart.,

the smaller by E. Charlesworth, Esq*)
1889. February IStb. Do. of Little Pin^, Missouri.
1841. June 12tb. Triffuerre, Canton of Chateau^Rfaardy dbp ar twe ut

of the Loire. Two Targe portions of the stone.
1847. March drd. Meteorite of BisbopvUle^ », Carolim.
Feb. 25th. Do. of Marion, in Linn Comity, State of Iowa,

North America; two fragments.
IS49. Oct dlst. Do. of Cabanas Coun^, N. Carolim.

Case 1 continued. Native copvitr: among the speciment of tMa
wbich present a great variety of forms beside* the ciystalliied, sueh as
dendritic, filiform, See., may be particularised the mass fi'ont Hudson's'
Bay (found by Mr. Heame, and described by him in his Journal),
ana that from the mountains separatiag the Quananger and Altea
Fiords in the north of IkfrwKy, ^Native iead^ in lava : to which is added
& medal cast in that metal as ejected by Vesuvius in 1631. — Natwe
bismuth, massive, disseminated, and dendritie, in jasper, 8bc : to wbieh
are added, specimens exhibiting the artificiai crystallization of the same,
produced bv the sudden cooling of the melted metaL (In this case is
also placed a specimen of arttfieiaBy produced iUamm, crystallised
in cobes, frT>m the smelting fbmace of tlie great iron w<»kg at Mar*
ttiyrTydvil in Wales.)

Case 2. Native stiver : amonp its vanities may be particulariied
tbese exhib^ing the various forms m which tt most frequently oecora,
sodi as moss-like, wire-shaped, filiform, dendriticid, branched den-'
ticolar, massive, tec. , particnUnrly fit)m Kongsbercr, Saxony,aadthe Unix
(the latter presented by His Majesty- George IV.), many of wbneh are
aggregations of minute crystals. — NiOiv&meremy, and hydrm'gwnt cf
mvsr or native amalgams the fonner ekiefiy as globules, dissenrinated
im cinnabar, sparry limestone, Uc, ; the latter crystallized in peifwt
and modified rhombic dodecahedrons, globular, tcc, chiefly from
Mifrgfeld and Moschellandsbefv in the ancient Palatinate ; (to which
are added some figures anf ornaments moulded and vMidelied
in amalgam, by the miners ef Mexico. y-^Na^v ^atinumr laassive'
and as ffrains: rock specimens oi the fomolien in which it eeoert in
tbt Ural, Siberia, tie. (a com of the Siberimi plathia, stniek at Petera-
burg). — Palladium and osm-dHdium in a wrocwht state.— The iriU of
ifennann, frmnd as minute scales in MIewa of ferge kmpf of pMna
aad In the plaKna sand of the tfral Maantamsi.

Case S. Native geld, subdivided into pure and alloyed ; gokt the
hrmtrr (tfaougit seascely ever in absolute purity) it chiefly fovad

44 NATUAAL HiSTOAY. (Mioenlfl.) [moath

massive, in detached crystals and as grains (in the alluvial deposits of
Guinea, Sumatra, Bengal, Brazil, Leadhills in Scotland, &o.), also in
brown iron-stone, in quartz, with needle-ore, &c., in Siberia; — the
alloyed gold (principally from Transylvania) crystallized in minute
cubes and octahedrons variously aggregated, in reticular plates, &c.
Of the native alloys known by the names of dectrum<t that of Smeof or
Schlangenberg, in Siberia, b best known : it is said to contain one-third of
silver; but in general the two metals do not unite in definite proportions.

In this Table Case begin (continued to Case 12) the electro-negative
metallic substances called metalloids by Berzelius, and their non-
oxidized combinations. — Tellurium and teUurets: the scarce native tel-
^iiniifii,which element ( like sulphur and selenium ) has the property of mi-
neralizing several metals, combining with them as electro-negative sub-
stance, viz. — ^with bismuth (a compound formerly called molybdena-sil-
i«r)from Bastnaes: to which also belongs the tetradymite ; — with silver
{tdluV'Silber of G. Rose), from the Savodinsky mine, Altai, Siberia; —
with lead (yb/ta^etiteffiirtKfn, or nagyagite) ; — ^with silver and lead (white
and partly yeBow tellurium, miiUaine of Beudant) ; — ^with silver and
ffold {graphic tellurium or achrift-ertz of authors; sylvanite, Haid.) all
n'om Transylvania, where they occur in veins traversing grejrwacke and
porphyry. — Native antimony from AUemont, Dauphiny, and the scarce
antimonial silver or stibiuret of silver from the Hartz, &c.

Case 4. Native arsenic (formerly called testaceous cobalt andscher*
ben-cobalt), in reniform and botryoidal shapes, from Andreasberg, &c. ;
and its chemical combinations (arseniurets)— wt^ nickel (a variety of
which is cookmonly called red or copper-nickel on account of its
colour) ; — with cobalt (arsenical cobalt of authors partly), comprising
the grey and part of the white cobalt of some mineralogists (to which
probably belongs the bismuth-cobcdt or herstenite of some authors).

In the opposite half of this Case are contained the substances be-
longing to the orders of Carbon and of Selenium, To the former
element are referred the diamond, anthracite, and graphite; to the
latter the selenium metals or seleniurets. Among the specimens se-
lected to illustrate the cr3rstalline forms of the diamond are: — the
primitive regular octahedron; the same with solid angles truncated;
with edges truncated, forming the passage into the rhomb-idodecahedron ;
varieties of the latter, giving rise to the six-sided prismatic and the
tetrahedral forms ; cubes with truncated and bevelled edges ; various
hemitropic crystals or macles of diamonds ; an octahedral diamond,
attached to alluvial gold ; two others in a siliceous breccia with ce«
ment of hydrous oxide of iron, and one in compact brovm iron stone,
from Brazil ; models of large diamonds, &c. (with these are placed
specimens of the alluvial rock in which this precious substance occurs
in the East Indies and also in Brazil, where it is known by the name of
cascalhaoj) — varieties of anthracite or kohlenblende (to which may be
referred the Kilkenny coal), from various localities, with native silver
from Kongsberg, &c. ; — graphite (commonly called black-lead), massive
(the purest and most compact varie^ of which is that from Cumber-
land), disseminated in porcelain earth, &c.

Selenium: found in chemical combination with several metals;
the seleniurets here deposited are : lead-seleniuret (dausthaUtSf Beud. ) ;
— copper-lead-seleniuret ; — mercury seleniuret (ono/ritej Haid. ) from
San Onofre, Mexico; — mercury lead-seleniuret; — cobalt-lead-seleni«

GALLEHY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerali.) 45

uret (thUkerodite, Beud.), most of them from the Hartz; — copper-
seleniuret {herzeline^ BeudL), and copper-silver-seleniuret (eukairitey
Berz.), both from Strickerum, Sweden; — ^to which are added speci-
mens of sulphur, from the Lippari island of Volcano, incrusted and
coloured by reddish-brown or orange red particles, which are a com-
bination of selenium with sulphur, to whicn the name of volcanite has
been given; (also a medallion, in selenium, of its discoverer, Berzelius).

Case 5. The suite of specimens of avlphur (among which may be
specified the splendid crystallizations firom La Catolica in Sicily, and
from Conilla in Spain, the stalactic, and other varieties, accompanied
by selenite, sulphate of strontia, &c. ; and the massive and pulverulent
sulphur found sublimed near the craters of volcanos, &c ) is succeeded
by the SulphuretSf which occupy half of this and seven of the next fol-
lowing Table Cases. They begin with stdphuret of manganese or mati-
ganese-blende (alabandine of Del Rio), from Nagyag in Transylvania
and from Peru ; to which has been added the hauerite of Haidinger,
lately found in beautiful crystals, belonging to the tessular system, at
Kalinka, near Neusohl, in Hungary. — Among the numerous varieties
of stdphuret of zinc, or zinc-blende, may be particularized those relative
to colour, viz., the yellow, the brown, and the black blende of Werner,
the first of which is generally most pure, while the others exodes a
portion of iron ; the radiated, fibrous and testaceous blende, the most
characteristic specimens of which are from Przbram in Bohemia, and
from Geroldseck in the Brisgau.

Case 6. Sidphuretsofiron, or iron pyrites: — one of the most widely
diffused metallic ores, and belonging to all geological formations ; it is
divided into common pyrites, or marcasite, crystallized in cubes smooth
and striated, variously modified, as octahedral and pentagono-dodecahe-
dral forms, or these forms combined: from several localities, among
which Traversella, in Piedmont, the isle of Elba, St. Gothard, Aren-
dahl, Cornwall, yield the finest specimens; — radiated pyrites, a sub-
stance very subject to decomposition, and to which belong most of the
varieties of what is commonly called lenticular or coxcomb-pyrites,
spear-pyrites, as also the globular- pyrites of a radiated texture, and
the hepatic or liver-pyrites of Werner (distinct from the fer sulfure
hepatique of some French mineralogists, which is both radiated and
common ironjpyrites converted into brown iron stone); — magnetic
pyrites, which is nearly allied to the preceding species, from Boden-
mais, Bavaria, &c. ; massive and crystallized in six-sided prisms ; — the
kausimkies or hnchidite of Breithaupt, also called sparkies, — Stdphuret
of cobalt, linneite, from Bastnaes in Sweden. — Stdphuret of nickel or
nickel-blende {millerite, Haid.), formerly called capillary iron-pyrites
(haarkies W. ), and afterwards considered as native nickel, till its real
composition was determined by Arfvedson, firom Joacbimsthal and Mer-
thyr Tydvil ; — ^the gersdorffite, a sulph-arseniuret of nickel. — Sulphuret
of cadmium, from Bishoptown in Renfrewshire to which the name of
greenockUe has been given, after Lord Greenock, its discoverer : one
of the crystals here deposited well exhibits the peculiar adamantine
lustre of this substance.

Case 7. Stdphuret of copper, copper glance, or vitreous copper,^
compact, foliated) and variously crystallized, &c., chiefly from Redruth^
Cornwall, and from Bristol in Connecticut, in which two localities the

o

4$ VAVrntAX. HistMnr. (Mkierak.) [k^mtb

i!tiest cTTstals have Mtherfo het!» fban^; to wfaieb am irfso eemmanly
referred the vegetable -foaBarenMthis { CuvBBBBrrEW' V Hm mn mi, Room i.
Wall Case 6) kncHm by the natfie ol FVankenltorg eoni<-ear8» front the
bituminous marl-siate of Frafitkenberf m- Heesia, whiob are principally
composed of vrtreous and grey copper: — the siitphurets caHeil AaUhr-
indigoy and the digemie of Bt^tnavift, are by soma comk^tvti aa
varieties only of cof>per g^lanee. — The silwr-eopper gliRinoe of Stp».
meyer, eal^d atremeffefHe by Beudanft.

Sidphurwi ef copper ana ir^n, to which belangt the ekaie§pjfni§,
copper pyrkea or yelTow copper, inchidiBg tin p al o y ellow fiDe-gnMietl
variety called henniiltSft>n», w blistered copper-pyrites ; and the oaria-
Qoted copper ore (htmikup/Brerz xw6 bomUe;, dimrin^ ftt»n the fonaer
m the proportions ef its constitaeiit ports, a»d eaaily known by the
redifish colour of its firaetttmfsuHbces: erystelSzed, nassiva and falSaled.
— TeTmentite, by soBoe r efewe d to> tehi ore, or grey-copper ore, fimm
Comwafl.

Case 8 contains a suite ofspeeiineiis d mdphitrwt of lead or gedena,
which include a great vaviety ar modiioakkms of crystals, detached and
grouped together, (the mere-renarkabie modiicatitfRs, besitles tinsse of
Great Britain, from (^e Hbrts and fren Saxony, >ia eooftbhifliion with
blende, pyrites, and many other tubetaneea ; gjahma ol various gnun,
massive and disseminal«d ; galena of comsdedappoaraDee, dccos^posed
and regenerated ; the compact and specular vamty, eaHed sKekannde
by the Derbyshire miners, &c. — steinmmmmtey proMbly a disliBCt an-
timY>nial sulphur sak, is placed here, beeanse several compact varieties
of sulphuret of lead appear to be a mixture of it a«d common gatonab

Case 9". Sulphuret of hiam^ or hmm^^hmoe (bimnuUimo of
Beudant), m acieular erystali, from^ Rkhiarhyttait, &c. — Sm^^et ^
copper and hismM, called copper^biamu:^ from Witticben, in tiie
Black Forest — The needle^ore of Werner, a triple gul|^ret oi bis-
muth, lead, and copper, only found near Ekatherinebu^, in ^beiMi,
accompanied by native gold, &c. -^^Su^Aaret of copper and iMt, fx
tin-pyrkeSi only found in Cornwall: it is called bell metal ere on ac-
count of its colour, which is il«e<|uea«hr that of broaoe. The reraamder
of this case is taken up by a coBsidevable sake ef speeiinens of stc^
phuret of mercvry or etnnallnr, (dtielly from Aknadni^ im Spain, and
from the Pahttinerte^) diiwled by Werner into the dark«red (bf hr the
most common varie^X ^tid tlie brighl}-red cinoabar (native vennlioii,
much esteemed by pakvteMr)^ the ufrM^fjM-^etfiMizftar, or hnmd'^rmf a
mixture of cinnabar widl' the bftumineus sabstance eaUed idriaKn^ and
earthy parddes, from Mria, m Caniola, compact and slaty: the same
with globular bodies composed of concentric testaeeeus laomus^ being
the koraUenera (coral ore>of Werner.

Cass I&. Stdpkurei of eiher, common e^m* ifbawe^ or hm t kaktit f
massive, crystaflized, and in odier extemid fiurBS, among- which are tlye
laminar and capillary : the MseA sihfer, which h often seen coating
other ores of silver, appears to be a pulverulent varraty ol thiaopedea;
-^flexible silver ghmee, ot ettmber^et — the scarce cKmaccymnfe, or
schUfertz of German mineralogists, which, however, h eoasiGterod a» a
combinai*itm of several sripl Mni f feiMM tiar e ts of mit>99v and lead.— ^tc/-
phuret of antimony {aniimonite, liaidv),alBoeaHied grey an«ino«^ connu
pact, foliated, radiated, and eapiHary : the more remavbaUe among

GALLXBY.] Niuru&AiL HiSTenT. (MiBerak.) 47

tfaeie afe the speetmesB of cr^nteHiied antimony in splendid graupiv
especially from TfansylTania; ladiatedgrey aatimaaj with bereselentto^
migar^&c. ; pLumose antimony ( pfawoMfa of HakUaf^er), some varieties
of which, appearing like delicate wool or down, display a fine iride»i>
cent bine, yellofs and sed tavnish: tbe cbemund composition of some
c^ them i» anceatain.

Gas£ 11. Tins andt part of the next Case conteky the simple and
double snlphur-saits fosmed by the sulphurete of antnnony or arsemc»
wkii basic suiplmrets of eleetro-positvre raetalB ; among these mi^ be
qiecified (besides some vaaietiet of tii* plnmoae antimony or fsaliierw
ere) — ^thejwmesoa^ oraoBOtomoos mitinony glance;*— the j^^ecromteetf
Swanberg^; — the koMiiti — ikeb0uiang€ntaaiad£miiithit»i — the ZMci-
«mte, nearly related to plumose antimony ;^— the «tAwr-Mnu£v, red ot
ruby silver, divided into the dark and the light red, both of the name
cryi^Iine forms, but in the latter of which sutpburet of anenie takes
the place of the sulphuret of antknoi^ of the former; — the muirgffrita
of H. Rose, first sepaitated by B4k>h» firora red sil^ter uader the name o£
bemiprismatie ruby-blende ; — to ^se i» related the mdan-ghme^f at
are some varieties of the su]|ihnr-salt commonly cidlcd brim aihrn^
gbmee or atepkanite (the rfiocfagewUehs of the Hungarian; miners),
wiiieh appears to be compoaed ol the same eoostitBent elements as
the dark and the bright red ruby silver ores, but in difieievt ptopor^
tions ; — heumomU*, a sulphmr salt known afao by the names of endel-
lkiB> and triple sulphuret of lead, antimony, and copper,^ ehiefiy ftamk
Hungary and the Harta : — the searee pobfhimbe, There> are wrai^
other substances bekmging to this order, such as, hi

Casb V% the fuhUorm ov arev copper (a double' sulphur-salt, on tbe
chemicdi constitution of ^raien- much Mght has been thvowv bgr
the veseaveies of ]ii. Rose), crystattizedy manive, and disseminatedi itt
▼arions substances: the mope remarkable speciarane here deposited an
those from HamgainF. The remainuig space m thia Case is occofiicd
by the laBosringsulphuratB '.---mi^phm'et ofaramdc, viz^ the yeUom orpi*
menty massive and in striatnd, separable lanuarn ; and the rsd orpMMMt
or realgar, massive and perfectW crystallised^ but decomposing by the
action of light into an-ormge-ooknired powder ; — sevemi of the arsento*
tm^huretSr such as the arsmnic ^rvkm or vtitpicbd (some varieties of
which, containing accidentally admixed sMver, eonstitute Werner's
weia&'-ertx) ; — tbe eohak>-glancei massive and crysta^aed in the form of
the cube and its medications, he. , ehiefi|y firom* Tunaberg in Sweden ;>-
tbe au^fburei qfmobfbdntmm or molybdmitg (whioht has-sometimeabeen
confounded with soily varieties of graphitas), chiefly from Saseony.

In the six fellowiag Cases the Oandm of the electro-positive metab
are deposited.

Case IS contains tbe ojthAm and hgtbr9u» •oideM of wumganes^,
iomeriy^distinguished as foliated, comfBCb, and earthy^ gfey manganese ;
bnt new, from chemical and crystallogfaphical diranotive characters,
divided into better defined species, siioh as the m amgam i tt, firom Ilefold^
Hartx, where it oecnrs in bcauti fal faseieulavly aggregated crystal^;
tin- pynhmte, eftewseen as peeadomerphom ctyst^ afler calcareoiia
spav, frow IfofeM; tbe pethmdoMi raostW m botiyotdal, reniforai^
and stahictitieat masses; the ftf rnmate ; the ^Msw wrnmit, Itc ; to
some of which bnt poiticttbily tbe first two^ may be reforred tbe

D 2

48 NATUEAL HISTORY. (Minenls.) [north

earthy manganese or toad, (a name also frequently given to earthy cobalt
and to other metallic substances in a state of decomposition,) some
varieties of which exhibit spontaneous combustion when mixed with
linseed oil.

Case 14. In this and the two following Table Cases are deposited
most of the oxides of iron : — magnetic iron-ore or magnetiie ( magnet-
eisenstein of Werner), a compound of protoxide and peroxide of
iron, most of the varieties of which are stronsly attracted by the magnet,
while some of them possess polarity in a high degree {natural magnets^^
of which several specimens are here deposited: — among the more
interesting crystallized varieties may be particularized those from Tra-
versella in Piedmont : among the granular varieties that from the East
Indies, which yields the wootz, or salam* steel, remarkable for its hard-
ness I — magnetic iron-^and.

Case 15. Iron-glance or specular oxide^ among the specimens of
which those from Elba are much admired for their beautiful iri-
descence and play of colours ; the variety in large laminar crystals
appearing like polished steel, from Stromboli and Vesuvius; — the
micaceous iron-ore of Werner, belonging partly to this species, partly
to hydrous oxide of iron; — also the red iron-ore, generally divided
into compact red iron-stone and red hematite, are now considered as
a variety only of this species.

Case 16. Hydrous oxide of iron or brown iron-stone, among the
most remarkable varieties of which species are, the micaceous, called
gd'thite, in delicate transparent tables of a blood-red colour ; that in fine
scales coating the cells of lava ; a shining brownish-black variety used
as hair powder bv the Bootchuana natives beyond the Great River in
South Africa; the fibrous brown iron-stone or brown hematite; the
compact and the ochrey brown iron-stone. With these are placed speci-
mens of severalsub-species of argillaceous or clay iron'SUme, such as the
columnar, the reniform, the pisiform (pea-ore) : among the varieties here
deposited of this latter, is a sample of the rounded and angular grains
from the size of a millet-seed to that of a small hazel nut, which, on the
10th of August, 1841, descended as a shower at Iwan, in the Comitate
of Oedenburg in Hungary, and were considered as a new species of real
meteorites, until their terrestrial origin was fully ascertained by micro-
scopic observation and analysis.

Case 17. Oxide of copper : — red or ruby-copper (cuprite, Haid. ),
compact and foliated, of which the finest crystallized varieties occur
in the Bank mines, Siberia, and in Cornwall : one of the more re**
markable varieties is the bright-red capillary cuprite called chalco^
irichite, (in which selenium has been found by Kersten,) from Rhein-
breitenbach ; — the tile-ore, most varieties of which are intimate mixtures
of red copper and brown iron-ochre, from Hungary, Siberia, &c. ; — ^the
tenorite of Semmola, a pure oxide of copper occurring in six-sided
filmy plates, on the rifts of some Vesuvian lavas ; — the olach oxide or
pulanoconite, generally found mixed with the oxides of iron and man-
ganese. Oxuk of bismuth or bismuth-ochre, from Saxony and Bo-
hemia Red oxide of zinc {zindte of Haidinger, also called spar-

taUte and sterlingite), from Sparta in New Jersey ; to which is added,
from the same locality, ihefranhlinite, a mineral composed of the oxides
of zinc and manganese. — JBlach and ydhw earthy cobalt, both called

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) 49

cohaU-ochre, which seem to be hydrates of the oxides of cobalt and

manganese, frequently mixed with oxide of iron Oxide of uranium,

or uran-ochrCf occurring at Johanngeorgenstadt and Joachimsthal ;
together with what is called pitch'Ore, considered, when in its pure
state, as a hydrous protoxide of the same metal; which, however,
requires further confirmation.

Case 18. Oxide of lead: — ^the native minium from Hessia (first
described by Mr. Smithson), from Siberia, &c., probably produced
by the decomposition of galena. — Oxide of tin or tin'8ione\ca88iterUey
Beud. ), divided by Werner into common tinstone and wood-tin : among
the specimens of the former (chiefly from Cornwall, Saxony, and
Bohemia) may be specified the greyish>white crystals resembling
scheel-ore or tungstate of lime, the regular and mackled crystals, the
pebble-like and granular tin-stone (shoad-tin, stream-tin, grain-tin, &c. );
— among the varieties of wood-tin, are some composed of radiated-
fibrous small globules, others marked with concentrically disposed,
brown and yellow colours, and called toad's eye wood-tin, fortification
wood'tin, &c., also in supposititious crystals after feldspar, at St. Agnes,
Cornwall. (To which are added some specimens oi metallic tin, the
result of smelting of which the more remarkable, on account of its
locality, is that cast in the form of thick wires, brought by Capt. Clap-
perton from Soudan in Africa, and mentioned in the Appendix to his
Journal. )

In the next Case begin the oxides of electro-negative bodies, and
their various combinations.

Case 19. Alumina and Aluminates. To the former belongs the
corundum or corundite, divided into noble and common corundite, the
former comprehending the precious stones commonly called oriental
gems (the sapphire, ruby, oriental amethyst, oriental topaz, oriental
emerald), of the crystallized forms of which the principal modifi-
cations are here deposited;— the latter, to which the name of corundum
is more especially applied, aflfords one of the hardest and best polishing
materials to the lapidary : from Bengal, Mysore, China, the Carnatic
(Werner's diamond spar), New Jersey, Lapland, Piedmont, &c. As
appendix to these are added, the emery, a compound substance which
derives its hardness and consequent usefulness for polishing to blue
or grey corundum ; and the indianite of Bournon, which sometimes oc-
curs as matrix of the common corundum of the Carnatic. As hydrates
of alumina are to be particularized, the diaspore from the Ural, and
the hydrargillite of G. Rose : the latter a mineral from Shimshimskaja
Gora, which is to be considered as crystallized gibbsite^ if Torrey's
analysis of the latter be correct; but as, according to Hermann, the
gibbsite contains upwards of 87 p. c. of phosphoric acid, it is at present
placed with the phosphates (Tab. 57): the mineral called wavellite of
Villaricca, being no phosphate, is now refeired to the hydrargillite, with
which it agrees in its chemical composition.

The aluminates of magnesia : — ^the spinel, among the principal va-
rieties of which, besides the red and violet, may be specified the blue
spinel of Aker in Siidermannia, to which is related the sapphirine; the
brown, often found in crystals of considerable dimension, from New
Jersey; and the cMorospineloi Rose, in which a portion of the alumina is
replaced by oxide of iron, from Slatoust, Siberia ;— the sapphirine, Sec.;

60 ITATU&AL HISVOKT. (MlDenk.) [lf«ft¥H

— 4he ayhmte or pfoonaste, uid tiie auiomoHie (also called ffohmHeyr
from Fahlun in Sweden and from FVankKn in New Jersey, ara, tive
former an altuninate of p r o t c mi d e of iron and magnesia, the latter an
aiuminate of sine. — The chytoberyl or cpnophane, considered as an ahi^
jnroate of gkidne and of inm, among the specimens of which deserre
particular mention the large crystals from Braeil and from the Ural,
(the latter green variety, hot of a cohtmhtne red Vy transmitted light.
Ins been called alexandrite) ; those in a matrix of quartz and feldmr
with garnets, firem Haddam in Conneeticiit, and also those from Sa-

Mtega and New York The mineral caiied gvm-'leai (piomb gomme)^

which occurs at Hnelgoet in Brittany only, is essentially a hydrous
ahnninate of lead.

The five following Cases contain tlie acid or oxide of «iIioiiim (sdica),
the numerous varieties of which, formerly considered as so many
distinct species, are mostly indebted for liieir generally very strydng
external characters 4o the admixture of matter foreign to the species,
•r to other casual circumstances that prevailed at their formation.

Case 20. Amethyst quartz of various tints, in grouped crystals, fcc.
^^Rock crystal: various modificBtions of crystalHne forms: small
dodecahedral and other crystals, known by the names of Gibraltar
diamonds, Bristol diamonds, &c. ; varieties of colour, according to
which this substance obtains the fimiliar denominations of smoky topaz
or morion, cairngorm, citrine, &c. ; specimens of rock crystal endoBiDg
irarions substances, such as ruttle, brown iron-stone, micaceous iron,
acicular antimony, actinolite, asbest, chlorite, &c. ; groups of rodt
crystal ; some specimens of rock crystal in a wrought state are added.
Case 21. Oommon quartz.- among the specimens of this widely-dif-
fused substance, which offers such a great variety m its external aspect,
the more remarkable are the hacked, corroded, and cellular quartz
from Schemnitz, as also the pseudomorphous or suj)posititions crystals,
principally derived from modifications of calcareous and fluor spars;
and, with regard to colour, the blue quartz (called siderite quartz), from
Salzburg, and the rose or milk quartz, which are both used as ornamental
stones ;— fibrous quartz ;— flexible saridstone (itacolumite) from Brazil • ,
China and the East Indies ;-^etid quartz, from Nantes; — iron-flint.
In this Case is also placed a suite of varieties of stalagmitic quartz
(^quartz- sinter, pearUsinter, geyserite, fiorite), the more remarkable of
wnich siliceous concretions are those deposited by the hot springs of
the Geyser of Iceland, those of Santa- Flora in Tuscany, and par-
ticularly those of Luzon, one of the Philippine Islands. To these are
added specimens of the ceraunian sinter or those enigmatical siliceous
tubes which were discovered in the sands of the Senner Heath in the
County of Lippe (where, on account of their probable origin, they aie
called blitz-rb'hren, or lightning tubes, from which name those of
fulgurite, ceraunian sinter, astraphyaUte, are derived), at Drigg on
the coast of Cumberland, and lastly, by the late Capt. Clapperton
(see Append, to his Journal), near Dibbla in the Tuarick country,
Africa, irotn. which localities specimens are here deposited. — The
hyaKte, a mineral related equally to stalagmitic quartz and opal; — the

• Lsf^e speeimens ofJUxible H m ia ttnetute placed ina taUe in ihe mMdle of tlie
room* opposite Case 21: they we from the mountains of Itaoolumi, near Villa
Iticca, in Brasfl, and were presented by His Excellency ViscountStrangford.

«ALUBRY.] VAXVAih HiszoAy. (Muierab.) M

kajftorU9, a pseudomorshous substuice, Mng purely siliceous, but
pBesentng the form of aatolite ; — the avmnturino fuartZt &c.

CAfl£ 22 contains some more of the varieties of oommon quartz :
prm$€, which appears lo be an intimate mixture of that substance and
aotinolitef— as also some varieties of the cafs tye (mostly from Cey-
lon), in which the chatoyant lustre is generally pcocUiced by nearly
invisible fibres of amianth lodged in the quartzy mass. — Part of this
Case is occupied by the siliceous substance called homUome, divided
into the oonchoidal and splintery varieties, or chert ; among these are
the remarkable paeudomorphous crystals from Schneeberg in Saxony,
derived from various modificati^is of calcareous spar ; also beautiful
specimens of wood converted into hornstone, being the wood^sione
of Werner; hornstone bidls from Uaunatadt in Bavaria. — Oi flinty a
well-known mineral substance, some interesting varieties are deposited;
fine groups of stalactitical flint passing into calcedony ; flint nodules
containuig water, ^.

The remainder of the contents of this and the whole of those of the
fbj^owing Case relate to <^cedonic substances. Among the specimens
of common calcediowy the most remarkable are, the smalt-blue variety
from Felsobanya in Transylvania, crystidlizedln obtuse rhombohedrons ;
the branched and stalactical calcedony from loelemd; the splendid speci-
mens from Cornwall, especially from Trevascus mine, &c. ; the botry-
oidal, from Feroe ; the large hollow geodes from Oberstein ; nodules,
endosmg water (enhydrites), from Monte Berico, near Vicenza, where
t^y occur in volcanic rocks, &c.

Case 23. Calcedonic substances continued : cut and polished pieces
of calcedony with red and black dendritic and other figures, called
mocha-stones; varieties with white, brown, and black, straight or
curved lines, some of which were probably among the substances of
which the costly vata murrhina of the ancients were made ; red and
ydlowisfa varieties of calcedony called comedian. — Plasma, — Heliotrope,
an intimate mixture of calcedony and green earth, which, when con-
taining disseminated particles of red jasper, is commonly termed blood-
stone. — The beautiful and much esteemed variety of calcedony called
chn^prase, hitherto only found at Kosemiitz in Silesia, and which
owes its colour to oxide of nickel, as does the green siliceous earthy
substanoe, named ptmeHie, which accompanies it. To these are added
specimens of some varieties of the siliceous compounds called agateSf
m which calcedony, camelian, amethyst, and heliotrope generally ^orm
the predominant ingredients, combined in straight, or more or less
curved and concentric or zigzag delicate lines, imitating coloured de-
signs of fortifications, &c. : among these may be particularized the beau-
ttnil agate-nodule from the trap formation of Central Asia, presented
by C. Eraser, Esq.

Case 24. One half of this Case is occupied by the different
varieties of jasper, such as they are enumerated by Werner, viz. the
glolnUar or Egifptkat jasper, found chiefly near Cairo, in rounded
pieces, which do not owe their form to rolling, but are probably of
organic origin : when cut and polished they exhibit various frinciful
delinei^ions (one of the specimens in the table represente on its
fractural 8urik» the likeness of Chaucer the poet) ; — the riband^jasper
or striped jasper, the finest varieties of which are found in Siberia;— 4he
TBriously-^nted comttm/asper;— 4he agate jasper, found only in agate

52 NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) [north

veins, and the porcelain jasper, produced by the action of subterraneous
fire on clay-sIate. The otner half of this Case contains opaline sub-
stances (some of them hydratesof silica), viz., specimens of the noble opal,
which owes its beautiful play of colours to a multiplicity of otherwise
imperceptible fissures in its interior ; — ^the sun-opal, or fire-opal, ex-
hibiting a suite of colours, from deep orange yellow to nearly untingedr
found in the trachytic porphyry of Zimapan, in Mexico ; — the common
opaly a translucent white variety of which, appearing yellow or red
when held between the eye and the light, is called girasol ; — the semi"
opal, agreeing in its principal characters with the common ; — specimens
of a variety both of common and noble opal, which, having the property
of becoming transparent when immersed in water, is called hydrophane,
or oculus mundi; — wood-opal, or opalized wood, chiefly from Hungary j
^asp-opal, referred by some authors to jasper; — ^the menilite, or liver
opal, found at MeniUle-Montant, near Paris, in a bed of adhesive slate,
a specimen of which is added; — the red opaline substance called
guincite, from St. Quintin and from Mehun in the Depart^ment de
Cher, is common opal tinted, as it is supposed, by organic colouring"
matter, in the same manner as the magnesite occurring with it in the
fresh water limestone of that part of France.

In the two next Cases are placed the Silicates with one base.

Cas£ 25 contains the silicates of lime and some of the silicates of
maqnesia and of alumina. To the former belong the table spar or
woUastonite from Mount Vesuvius, Nagyag, &c., and the okenite ;
perhaps also the alumocalcite of Breithaupt, before considered as de-
composed opal, from Eibenstock, Saxony.

The silicates of magnesia comprehend several of the minerals placed
by Werner in his talc genus: — steatite, or soapstone, the more interest-
ing varieties of which are, that of yellowish green colour from Greenland^
and that from GDpfersgriin in Franconia, with small crystals of other
mineral substances, especially quartz, converted into, and forming parj;
of the massive steatite ; variety called chalk of Brian9on ; — keffeku, or
meerschaum, from Natolia, of which the well-known pipe-bowls are
made, and that from Valecas in Spain ; — also a related substance^
called keffekillite by Dr. Fischer, who discovered it in the Crimea; —
the lithomarge, or steinmark, has been associated with steatite, althougb
most of its varieties are silicates of alumina : the more remarkable of
which are, that of a reddish-yellow colour in porphyry, from Rochlitz,.
and the fine purplish-blue variety from Planitz (teratolite, formerly
called terra miraculosa Saxonica), &c. — serpentine, the purer varieties o§
which (generally hydrates) are called noble serpentine : they constitute,
in combination with primitive lime-stone, the verde antico and Some
other fine green marbles; crystallized serpentine, from Snarum, in Nor-
way ; — among the varieties of the common serpentine, those best known*
are from Baireuth and from ZUblitz in Saxony, where they are manu-
factured into vases and various other articles: serpentine with embedded
garnets, magnetic iron-stone, asbest, &c.. — Of other substances nearly
related to serpentine in this Table Case we have, the hydrophite of
Svanberg; the picrolite; the antigorite; the villarsite, &c. — With these
are also placed the metalloid dialUige or diaUagite, more commonly called
sckiller-spar, from the Hartz, kc. ; and some varieties of what is called
bronzite and xanthophyUite. — To the silicates of magnesia is also re-
ferred the olivine^ a green granular substance, occurring chiefly in trapp

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Mineralfl.) 53

rocks, as also in the cells of the meteoric iron of Siberia and Atacama
(see Case I): when in a pure state and crystallized it is denominated
chrysolite or peridot, classed with gems ; hyalosiderite, batrachite and
Tnonticellite are also olivine-like substances.

Case 26. Silicate of zinc, called smithsonite (after the distinguished
English chemist who first explained its nature, and that of silicates in
general), and also electric or siliceous calamine, the finest specimens of
which are those from Siberia and Hungary; the variety called willemUe,
from Aix-Ia-Chapelle, &c. — SUicate of manganese, of which there are
several varieties (some of them nothing but mechanical mixtures of
this silicate with carbonate of manganese, and quartz), which have
received particular names, such as aliagite, rhodonite, kc—tephroite,
^-^roostite. — Silicate of cerium or ceriie, found only at BastnUs, in
Sweden. — Silicate of iron, to which belong the chlorophceite, chlor^
opal, stiipnomelane, hisingerite, giUingite, polyhydrite, stderoschizoUte,
faycdite, anthosiderite, and some other newly-discovered mineral
substances. — Silicate of copper, or siliceous malachite, also called
chrysocoUa and copper-green: to which may be referred the diop'
tase or copper-emerald, a scarce mineral from the Kirguise country in
Siberia. — Silicate of bismuth, also called bismuth-bletMe and eulytine,
found in the form of hair-brown globules and indistinct crystals,
at Schneeberg, Saxony. — SUicate of zirconia, io which belong Wer-
ner's zircon and some hyacinths of jewellers, from Ceylon, Auvergne,
Chili, the Lake Umen in Siberia; also the blue zircon from Ve-
suvius ; the variety called zirconite from FriedricksvUm in Norway,
the ostranite from the same locality, but which appears to differ
from zircon only by its inferior hardness; — the maJacon, or hydrous
zircon. — To these is added the thorite of Berzelius, from Brevig
in Norway, a mineral in which the metal thorium was first dis-
covered. — Silicate of alumina: of these we have the andalusitej
(with which is placed the chiastolite or hollow spar, hohlspath W.,
one of the several minerals called cross-stones : the structure of its
crystals is but little understood), the hyanite or disth^ne, and the re-
lated mineral substances called siUimanite; xanthite, wd'rthite, bucholz-
ite, and fibrolite (one of the concomitant substances of the corundum
of the Camatic) ; — the aliophane, the haUoysite, lenzinite, scarbroite,
coUyrite^ bole, and some minerals of similar aspect are also referred to
the silicates of alumina. Among them may be particularized the
catlinite or Indian pipe-stone from the quarry of Coteau des Prairies,
brought from thence by Mr. Catlin, the first white man allowed by the
Indians to visit it, and after whom the substance was named by Dr.
Jackson; — agalmatoUie (Werner's bildstein, with which various steatitic
substances have been confounded) employed by the Chinese for carving
images, vessels, &c.

The Silicates with severalbases are under arrangement in a series of
Cases, nearly in the following order :

Cases 27 to 29 contain zeolitic substances : apophyllite, or ichthy^
ophthalmite, in fine crystals, from Hesloe in Faro6; with stilbite;
with tessdlUe of Brewster ; with poonalite of Brooke, &c. ; a variety of
apophyllite, called aVnnehy some mineralogists ; — chabasite or chabasie,.
in groups of primitive rhomboidal and modified crystals; — the variety-
called haidenite from Baltimore ;— mesof^pe from Auvergne, Faro&,

D 3

M VJiXUMAL HiaVQAT. (IfiHNk.) [

te., to Khiob ire ako refened iht mwkM§ cf &l«pro«b, tke mmA-

•lOM of Wenier, the BcoHciU, the Iifi, kFckahte, &c ;— oMiL

otMtf, among the cryitelliaed inuieCies of which are renarkably laife
specimenfi of the trapezoidai awl other moilMcaiioiiu from FWu mad
the Seiser AIpe in Ttrol ; ttSkitt and hmlamdih, or folialed cedite
in iplendid tpecimeai'from leehnd, Fuois, and Scotland;— 6r«i0eter-
ite /-^umtmiiU or lomonite, abo Oilled effloteMeiit leoiUe, heeause
ineit of its Tsrietiet are «ubjeot to deoompetition by exposure to the
air;— a suite of speoinaeBs of eotapitmiU from Vesuvias, liaing the
cavities of a pjrrosenic Ivra, &c.,aooompaiiied bygiunoiidkie and other
cryitalliied substances; together with thomm mit Bt which is «u«pKMed
to be only a variety of oomptonite j fmwlimU or kydrsUUj Uvinn,
and sevenl other scarce ceolitic Mbstaaect.

Cask 20. To the same Inooily of minerals belongs the prehmite^ the
flrasB-green variety o^ which, discovered in South Africa by the Abb^
Aoobon , htm been mistaken forchiT8olite,chrysopfase, and even e merald ;
— 4o tbisako belongs the kowpikohteof Vauquelin. The sabstaaoe knows
by the name of Chinese jade or you-^tome (kyoak tsbeia of the Bur-
aeee) is likewise placed with prehnite, to which it has been referred bjr
Count Boumoa, but no ohemieal analysis has as yet been given of it :
•(among the vessels wrought out of Chinese jade iu this Ctse is a cup,
the gift of the Idng of Ava to the late Lieut -C<^ Barney, when British
Resident at that court, and by lum presented to the British Museum ;)
— eome varieties of nephrite appear, firom external characteiB, to be
nearly related to this substance. In this Case also is placed the Acr-
motome or cross stone, (formerljr called andreoiite, afier Andreasberg, in
the Hartz, where it was first diseovered,) divided into baryte4iarmotome
and Bme- or potassa-harmatome, to which Utter ave to be referred the
Vesuvian minerals called geagonite, giamtmdine, or abrazite, and the
pkilqteite. (Of andreoiite, a magnificent specimen is deposited, pre-
«eiited by Kxa^ George lY. )— the hereehelUe, from Aei Reaie in Sicily.
— The remaimnff spaee in this Case and the greater part of

Cabes 30 and 31 are oooupied chiefly by feldspatnic substances and
•minerals more or less nearly related to feldspar. The most remaijcable
«ad important species is the conmonfiMspor {erihociase of Breithaupt),
among the crystallized varieties of whtdi may be porticulariEed — tli^e
fine green variety from the Ural, called umazon aUmej the suites of
variously-modified crystals from Baveno in Piedmont, from lake Umen
in the Ural, and from Somnitz, &c., in Silesia; feldspar with em-
bedded crystals and fragments of quartz (graphic stone, graphic gra-
nite), fnnn Siberia, tcc. ; — ^the mduUuia or wmher fdispmr., principally
found on mount St. Gothard, but not in the valley of Adula from
which its name is derived : the fine variety from Ceylon, when cut en
cabochotit is called moon-stone ; and a yellow naker feldspar with reddish
dots has obtained the name of snn-stone, whieh isalso sometimes ^ven to
the beautiful avanturino variety of common feldspar placed in thisglasi-

^ne; ice-^pmr and samdme or glany feldspar, both nearly allied to

KMtfaoclase; — thetMite or ckuvekmdiie, the finest speoimeDs of which
are those from Daupfaio^ and Siberia; 4he ptfriofiaejUnited by some
mineralogists with the preceding fspeoiee, from St. Gothard* Tyrol,

Sec. ; ^tbe nnorthite from Vesnvius ;''-the oli^0c2aac,al8o called natron-

spodnmen, to which may be veferred the crystals occiining in leveral

C^ALLBflY.] NATVAAL HlSTOftY. (Mioenls.) 55

f&rietiM of porphyry ;'— the UbradonU/ekl^mr (idso called opalescent,
feldftpar, from Us often exhibtCing a beautiful play of colours in cut
and polished specimens, of wfaicn a prettv complete suite is added),
efaieny from tae coast of Labrador and from the transition syenite
of Laurwig in Norway * ; — together with some other species separated
from orthodase. To these is added the leudU or amphig^ne, chiefly
from Vesuvius, in separate crystals of various sizes and degrees of
transparency, massive, embedded in pyroxenic and other lavas.

Case 31. ' Among other mineral substances here deposited, and
partly belonging to the preceding section, are, the triphane or spodu'
men and the petaUte : in which latter substance lithia was first dis-
oov^red by Arfvedson; — the davifne of Monticelli; — the nephcline,
from Mount Vesuvius, with which are now combined several varieties
of the eiaoHte or fettstein of Werner ; — the wemerite, under which
name, formerly confined to some varieties of common and compact
scapolite, are now by most mineralogical writers united the meioniie
of Vesuvius, and the greater part of the scapolite, the parcmthine, the
dipyre, the nuttaUite, the bergmannite, the roseUite, and the amphodelite ;
substances which, together with several others provisionally placed in
this Case, stand in need of further investigation as to their chemical
and crystallographical characters.

Case 32 contains chiefly micaceous and talcose substances. Our
Imperfect knowledge of the optical properties and chemical constitution
ef many varieties of the former, does not admit of their being arranged
according to those distinctive characters ; such varieties as nave been
more ckiely examined in this respect, may be divided into potassa-mica
(by fur the most common), which has two axes; maynesia-^mica {hiotite
of Uausmann), which has but one axis : in characteristic specimens
from various localities, particularly from Vesuvius, where it occurs in
small, but brilliant and transparent six-sided prismatic crystals; and
Uthia-mioa, which besides the beautiful peacn-blossom, red, violet,
greenish-grey, and white scaly varieties known bv the name o{lepidoHte,
(smne varieties of which, however, are referable to the silicates com-
bined with fluorides, in Case 58 A,) from R6zna in Moravia, also
comprises sev^al large-foliated varieties of what was formerly con-
sidered as common mica, such as that from Zinnwald in Bohemia
and AUenberg, accompanied by apatite, tinstone, and topaz.

The species and varieties of the talc-like substances are likewise very
imperfemy understood. Among the specimens of talc in this Table
Case, some varieties of which are chemically related to steatite, may
be particularized the common or Venetian (which enters into the com-
position of cosmetics), and the indurated talc; to the former of which
was also formerly referred the green radiated talc from Siberia, com-
posed of distinct groups of small diverging laminae, and which is known
under the name of pyrophyUite ; — potstone, oUiie, or lavezzo (the
lapis comensis of Plniy), which appears to be an intimate mixture of
talc and asbest, chiefly from Cmavenna, near Como, where it is
maoufitctured into culinary vessels; — chlorite, crystallized in ag-
gregated, small, modified rhombic prisms : the earthy and foliated
varieties, coating crystals of octahedral magnetic iron-stone, &c.
Other related mineral substances are— the petmitUi — the scarce letuih-

* The top of the imall mAM§(XM ttitike, ituidtiig««ar CaseSO, it a slab of opoles-
eaaiisUUpar Crom Fialaad.

^6 i^ATURAL HISTORY. (Minerak.) (NOE'Tti

tenbergite from the Ural, the composition of which appears to approach
very near to that of chlorite, or ripidoKte; — the gieseckite^ from
Greenland ; — the oosUe^fahlunite or triclasite, from Fahiun in Sweden t
this latter mineral substance, however, together with the weissite, tke:
chlorophyUitey the jprnseolite, the aspagionte, the honsdorftte, as also*
several varieties of the pinite in this Table Case, are now by some-
mlneralogical writers considered as only metamorphosea ol eoydiarite?
or iolite (Case 86).

Case 33. This and part of the following Case ehiefly contain
amphibolic and pyroxenic and related minerals, among which may
be specified the basaltic and common hornblende, including the parga^
site; — the actinolite or strahlstein (divided by Werner into the glassy
common, and fibrous varieties, and to which also belongs the ka^
rinthine of this author) ; — the grammatite or tremolite (so ^dled from
Val Tremola, where, however, it is not found), among the specimens
of which are the fine fibrous varieties, resembling asbest ; the glassy
tremolite, in dolomite and granular limestone, &c. — Arfv&dsonite, and
aegyrine, a variety of it ; — raphilite, &c.

Case 34. Part of this Case is occupied by the mineral substances
called asbestine, many of which pass into some of the varieties of horn-
blende ; others, both asbest and amianth, are modifications of the state
of aggregation of diflferent amphibolic substances ; and to these Breit-
haupt also refers his kvmatine, metaxite, peponite, and pycnotrope..
Among them may be observed specimens illustrative of the transitiorr
from a very close to a loose fibrous structure ; — several varieties of the-
flexible asbest or amianth, with some antique incombustible clothe
paper, &c., made of it; — ^the varieties called common and schiller-
asDcst, mountain wood, mountain cork, or nectic asbest, &c., separate,
and in combination with other substances ; — the blue and yettow ashest
from the Orange River, South Africa, for the former of which the name
of krokydolite has been proposed, while the other appears to be »
silicate of iron. The remainder of this Case and part of the next con-
tain pyroxenic minerals '.—augite, in separate crystals, and embedded
in lava from Vesuvius, together with groups of well-defined crystals
from Arendal in Norway, where this substance occurs in primitive
Tocks; — the jeffersonite ; — ^the granular variety called coccolite; — the
hypersthene and paulite {Labrador hornblende of Werner); — the
lieijrite, also called ilvaite and yenite, in particularly perfect crystals,
chiefly from Elba : the wehrlite appears to be a variety of this species ;
— the varieties of diopside, at first considered as distinct species, including
the mussite and alalite from Piedmont ; — the sahlite or malacolite, to
-which also belongs the baikalite, of which a few fine specimens are here
deposited ; the pyrgome or fassaite, and the achmite.

Case 35. Among its contents may be particulaiized the mineral sub-
stances which have been described under the appellations of thalliter
arendalite, acanticone, delphinite, &c. ; most of these are Werner's »i«-
tacite, and are now more generally designated bv the name of q}iaotf?i
given to them by Haiiy. To this also belongs the manganesiferovsepi'
dote, considered by some as an ore of manganese. — dumnUngtonite,'^
Zoisite, — Among the specimens of idocreise (vesuvian of Werner), the
more conspicuous are the large beautiful crystals (the unibinaire of
Haiiy), discovered b^ Laxmannon the banks of the Viluiin Kamschatka,
embedded in a steatitic rock ; those from Vesuviusi where this substance

ftALLfeRY.] kX'fijfeAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) A)

occurs abftompanied by other volcanic ejections, have, m Italy, obtained
the name of Vesuvian gems, hyacinths, and chrysolites ; the varieties
called egerane, loboite; that from Tellemarlcen in Norway, coloured
blue by oxide of copper (cyprine)t and the rose-coloured variety, the
thulite, from the same locality.

Case 36. The greater part of this Case is appropriated to the various
species and varieties of the garnet tribe, formerly divided into noble and
common garnets. Among the more distinct chemical species now esta-
blished are: — ^the chrome-garnets, to which belongs the pyrope; — the*
beautiful chrome and lime-garnet, called uwarowite; — the lime-gametsv
comprising chiefly the melanite from the vicinity of Frascati, and some
brownish-black varieties ; the cohphonite, bearing a distant resemblance
to rosin, from Arendal, in Norway ; the grossular or Wilui garnet, a
fine light-green species from Kamschatka, so called from the fancied
resemblance which its separate crystals bear to a gooseberry ; the allo-
chroite, also called splintery garnet, from Norway; the romanzovite ;
Hatty's essonite (hessonite) or cinnamoti'Stone, chiefly from Ceylon^
which was supposed to contain zirconia, till a more accurate analysiis
proved it to be nearly allied to vesuvian and garnet (most of the hya^
cinths of commerce are cinnamon-stone ). In this Case are also deposited*
— the gehlenite, from the Monzoni in Tyrol, to which species the melilitB
from Capo di Bove, near Rome, is now generally referred ; — ^the cor-
dierite, also known by the names of peHoma, iolite, and dichroite,
massive and crystallized, from Cabo de Uata, from Greenland, Boden-
raais in Bavaria, and Orayervi in Finland (steinheiHte) ; — the sordawo"
lite from Finland ;^the stouro/i^e, called also grenatite and cross-stone,
among the specimens of which may be specified the fine mackled
crystals from Brittany, and the modifications of the simple crystals
from St. Gothard, accompanied by prisms of disth^ne, perfectly simi-
lar to those of the staurolite, and sometimes longitudinally grown
together with them ; — the karpholite from Bohemia, &c.

Case 37. One half of this Table Case is set apart for the silicates^
containing glucina and alumina, the principal species of which is the
beryl, including the emerald, a gem which owes its beautiful green^
colour to oxide of chromium : the most remarkable specimens of
emerald are those from Santa F6, from the Ural, from Heubachthal
in Bavaria, and from Mount Zahara in Egypt ; — among those of the-
beryl or aquamarine, may be specified the fine blue and yellow varieties
from Mursinsk in the Uial, the colourless limpid crystals, and those haH
blue and transparent, half white and opaque, from Odontchelong near
Nerchinsk ; — the bluish and greenish opaque berjls from Acworth in
New Hampshire, where massy crystals have been found (the twa
imperfect prisms placed on tne shelf near this Table Case weigh,,
the one 83, the other nearly 43 lbs.; — the euclase, a rare-
mineral, discovered by Dombey in Peru, but since only found as
loose crystals, at Capao, near Villaricca, in Brazil, and in the chlo-^
rite slate of that territory ; — the phenacite or phenakite of Norden-
skiold (which as a bisilicate of glucine, might be referred to the
silicates with one base in Table 26) occurs, together with emerald, in^
the Ural, and in brown iron stone at Framont in Alsace ; — the hehnne
from Schwarzenberg, considered as a triple silicate of glucina, iroB,
and manganese.-^ Silicates containing yttria and protoxide of ce-

SB VATiuuL «i8TO&Y. {MiiMimls.) £mo&ih

xiuin*; to these belong the ftMimite^ the alkmite or omne, the ot^hite
and p^rorthitei as likewke H^tsbefkimiU of Bote. The rest of this Table
Caie is occupied by the oudeof titanium and the titanatet, to the former
of twhich belong— 4he ruiUe, also called titan-sborl, massive and cr3r8tal-
lizedi the reticulated variety, generally with golden tarnish, from Mou-
tier, near the Mont Blanc;— ^bhe capillary rutile in rock crystal from
Brazil, in beryl firom the £ast Indies, ^cc. ;-^he anatoM (oisanite or
ootahedrite), which occurs only crystallised, chiefly at Bourg d'Oisaas,
in Dauphiny. Among the titanates the more remarkable are— the silico-
titanate of lime, called sphene (titanite of Klaproth), and its varieties
formerly designated by the names of brown and yellow menakanite, in
large crystals, from Aiendal in Norway ; the variety from St. Gk>thard,
caUed raj^mnante en goutti^re by Saussure, on feldspar with
chlorite, &c. ; — the ffreatovite (ephene coloured by manganese), from
St. Marcel, Piedmont;-— 4he perowshUei— the polywigniUt found in
the zircon-syenite of Fredricsvim in Norway, and composed chieiy
of the titanates of zirconia and y ttria ; also the asckynUe from the
lake Ilmen near Miask, being a titanate of zirconia and oxide of cerium ;
— ^the (Bratedtite, a titanate of zirconia with lime, magnesia and po^toxide
of iron, from Arendal; — the moMndrite, from the same locality, beinff
a silico-titanate of lantane, maaganese, &c. ; the yttrotitaniie or ket^
bauite ; — and lastly the iron titanites, variously combined with the prot-
oxide of that metal, in many of those varieties of volcanic and other
specular iron which exhibit a perfect conchoidal fracture, as likewise in
tne minerals known by the names of axotomou* iron or kibdelophunB,
crightonite, menacanUe, nigrine^ iaerine, ilmenite, kc.

Case 38. In this Table Case (besides the silicates containing
yttria and protoxide of cerium, mentioned in the description of Case
37) are placed the following orders of minerals.

Combinations of columbic or tantalic add with protoxides of inm,
manganese, lime, yttria, zirconia, &c. : among the columbates or tan-
talates here deposited, may be pointed out the specimen of UmtaUte
(colwnbite) sent by Gov. Winthrop, from North America, to Sir Hans
Sloane, in which Mr. Hatchett, in 1801, discovered the metal denomi-
nated by him columbiuMt but which, eight or nine years later, was sup-
posed by Dr. Wollaston to be identical with the metal found nearly
about the same time, by Eckeberg, who had called it tcmiahim.- a
name that had become familiar to continental chemists and mineralo-
gists, aad was therefore retained by them; — the same from Raben-
atein in Bavaria, accompanied by cirstaUized beryl and uranitef;
— the if^tJi6o- and the 3rodb(h4antaJ[ite8 of Berzelius; — the yttrc
tantalite, from Ytterby^ the uranotantcdiie of G. Rose, from Miask,
Siberia; — the microHie of Shepard, the w&hlerite of Scheerer, and
some other new mineral substances related to them, but which all
stand in need of ulterior chemical examination.

Oxides of antimony i*—€mHjnom/'Ochre on native and grey antimony ;
— ^several varieties of the scarce white antimony f from Przibram in Bo-

* These are at present placed in the next Table Case.

f Since H. R<»se'8 discovery of the nioVit < which had been taken for tantalic)
acid, the name of oo/vmMto has been restorsd to the a1»o ve Am e r icaa and Bavarian
minerals.

GALLEAY.] HATUSLKL HUTOAY. (Minerals.) 69

hernia, on ^ilena, ^narta, fees-— netf animonjf^ ako called caUimonif^
blende and kermes, (a combination of oxide and sulphuret of this
metal,) mostly in fine capillary crystals, from Brttunsdorf in Saxony,
Malazka in Hungary ; a so-called aiigentiferous variety from the Harts,
in fibrous flakes resemblii^g tinder (zuMderertg, tinder ore), is a mixture
of lliis with other sulphurets.

Tongstates : — tungstate of lime (sch^lincalcaire of Haiiy), also called
scheelite and tungsten (heavy stone), amoi^g the more interesting speci-
mens of which are the primitive acute o^abedron from Ailemont in
Dauphiny, acnd the group of very large crystals from Schlackenwald in
Bohemia ;^^ungstate ^ iron and numaanese or wojfram, massive and
crystallized, from Schlackenwald and other localities ; also as octahedral
supposititious crystals, derived from tungstate of lime ; — tungstate qfkad,
or scheMead (stohite of Haidinger), from Zinnwald in Bohemia, often
confounded with the molybdate of this metal.

Vanadicacid and vanadates : — ( Vanadium was discovered in some ores
of iron from Taberg in SmSland, by Sefstrdm : by Del Rio the acid of
this metal, which he called ery thromum, had been found combined with
oxide of lead, in the brown lead ore of Zimapan in Mexico). Vana-
date ^f lead (johnstonite) from Wanlockhead, and from Beresof, Si-
beria ;-^the volborihite of Hess, a vanadate of copper.

Ca^e 89. Molybdic acid and m(4vbdates ; — molyhdenum ochre or
molyhdic acid, as a yellow powder on the snlphuret of this metal, from
Sweden, 8cc. ; — molybdate of lead, yellow- lead ore or carinthite (also
called wulfenite), massive, lamelU£orm, and crystallized in splendid
groups on compact limestone, &c. ; chiefly from kleiberg in Cariuthia.

Oxide of chromium and chromates: — chrome-ochre, from several
localities; — a suite of specimens of chrotuate of lead, red lead ore, or
crocoisite, from the gola mines of Beresof in Siberia, where it chiefly
occurs in a kind of micaceous rock, mixed with particles of quartz and
brown iron-stone, and from Brazil s—cAroma/e of lead and copper,
Cfdled vavqudinite, a concomitant of the Siberian red lead ore ; —
chrome-iron or chromiU, from the department of Var in France, and
from Baltimore in Maryland, intermixed with talc stained purple by
Xihromic acid.

B(«acic acid, or sassoline (chiefly from Vulcano, one of the Lipari
isles) and borates: — borate of soda, the salt known by the names of
borax and tinhal, from Tibet, Monte-rotondo, Tuscany, &c. -, — hayesine^
also called borona£rocalcite, a newly-discovered substance, occurring-,
accompanied by glauberite and other salts, in the province of Tarapaca,
Pearu; — borate of magnesia or boracite in separate crystals, and the
same embedded in gypsum ;—<fa/Ao/i<e, being a borate with a tri-silicate
of lime, from Arendal in Norway ; the variety from Sonthofen (supposed
to be a distinct species, called SumbolcUite by L^vy); and the globular-
fibrous variety (wbich has received the name of botryolite), likewise
from Arendal.

C A8£ 40 isset apart for such silicates as contain one or more borates,
of which, however, in some cases, it is uncertain how far these may be
considered as essential component pacts. — To this order belong the
species tourmaline and axinite. Among the red-coloured varieties
of the former, some of which are called rubellite, the most remark-
able deposited here is a specimen of uncommon form and dimensions,

60 KAtuHAL HistOBY. (Mhierak) [kortu

'whkh W^ presented by the king of Ava to the late Colonel Symes*
when on an embassy to that country ; blue varieties of the same, some
t^tiiem known by the name of inaicolite; a suite of modifications of
tourmaline crystals of those colours, as well as of others, such as green
of various shades, among which those from Brazil, Elba, and from
Campolongo deserve more particular notice. Of the aonnite^ Wer-
ner's Thumerstein, very characteristic specimens from Bourg d'Oisans,
Norway, &c., will be found in this Table Case.

Case 41 . In this Case beginsthe order of the Carbonat.e8. — Carbonate
ofsodat from variouslocalities. — Carbonate of baryta or ivitherite, among
the specimens of which may be particularized the beautiful groups of
double six-sided pyramids, and those of six-sided prismatic crystals.
'—JBarytocalcite, from Alston Moor in Cumberland.--- Cocr&ona^e of
strontiaj called strontianite, chiefly from Strontian in Argyleshire, in
prismatic and acicular crystals, which latter have sometimes been mis-
taken for aragonite. The remaining part of this Case is occupied by
such specimens of the mineral species called aragonite as have partly
been found to contain a few per cent, of carbonate of strontia : they
are, however, essentially carbonates of lime, though of a different
crystal system ;— the tamowitzite is said to be a plumbiferous variety.
Among the more interesting of the regular forms of aragonite here de-
posited are the loose and variously grouped simple and hemitrope
crystals from Aragon, and from Herrengrund, in Hungary, KoseU
Bohemia, &c. , and the fine acicularl^ crystallized varieties, in brown
iron-stone, from Ilefeld, in volcanic ejections of Vesuvius, &c.: they
are continued in

Case 42, in which are also placed several very perfect specimens of
the coralloidai variety of aragonite from Eisenertz in Stiria, and
HUttenberg in Carinthia, formerly called ^o^^errt, &c. : to the massive
varieties of this species some of the calcareous deposits of Carlsbad in
Bohemia may be referred. The remainder of the Case contains
several striking varieties of common carbonate of lime or catcite^
some of which have been mistaken for aragonite. '

Cases 43 to 45 contain crystallized varieties of calcite or calcspar.
Among the specimens placed in the first of these Table Cases may be
particularized those illustrative of double refraction, cleavage, supemu*
merary joints, colour, &c. ; likewise the various secondary obtuse and acute
rhombohedrons; among the former of which themost common, but not the
least striking, is the inverse variety of Haiiy, so called from its being as
it wera an inversion of the primitive rhombohedron of calcareous spar;.
and the same with a considerable admixture of quartz, commonly called
crystallized sandstone of Fontainbleau, &c. ; also many interesting and
beuutiM specimens, from the Hartz, Derbyshire, &c., of prismatic and
pyramidal modifications of the same substance.

Case 45. Besides additional chiefly prismatic modifications of crys-
tallized calcite, this Table Case contains several belonging to the sttt-
lactic and fibrous vaneiieB of that substance, the most characteristic
of which latter are those from Cumberland and Sweden, with pearly
lustre (which has obtained for the former the appellation of satin-spar),
and that in coloured layers from Africa.

Case 45 A is set apart for polished specimens of such granular,
compact and fibrous varieties of calcite as are familiarly known by the

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) 61

appellation of marbles, and of those that bear the name of alabaater
in common with the finer varieties of sulphate of lime.

Case 46 contains the remaining varieties of calcite, among which
may be specified the well-known depositions from the hot springs
of Carlsbad in Bohemia, particularly the pisiform limestone, or
pea^stone, as also the globular variety (considered by some as
inagnesian limestone) found in the bed of a small river near Tivoli,
and known by the name of Confetti di Tivoli ; — roestone; — the tufaceouM
limestone, in porous, spongy, cellular, tubular and other imitative forms,
as incrustation on various objects, such as on the human skull here de-
posited, which was found in the Tiber at Rome ; calcareous deposition
formed in a square pipe in a coal mine in Somersetshire * ; casts made at
the baths of San Felippe, where moulds of medals, gems, &c., are placed
in suitable situations to receive the spray impregnated With calcareous
particles. — Chalk. — Anthraconite or madreporite. — Marie, &c. Among
the varieties of shell limestone the most esteemed for ornamental
purposes is the Carinthian lumachella, or fire marble.

Case 47. In this Case, besides some specimens of carbonate ofmag-
nesia, or magnesite, from Baudissero and from New Jersey, are placed
those substances which, being chiefly composed of carbonate of lime
and carbonate of magnesia, are called magnesian limestone, com-
prising Wemer*s rhomb-spar, dolomite and brown spar. Among
the varieties of the first of tnese sub-species are those called fniemi/e, tha-
randite, and some modifications of pearl spar; among those of doh^
mite, a remarkable one is that from Pittefield, Massachusetts, North
America, which exhibits a considerable degree of flexibility : and an-
other having the same property will be found among the singular va-
rieties of magnesian limestone from the vicinity of Sunderland.

Case 48 contains Werner's brown-spar, some of the varieties of
which are with difficulty distinguishable from rhomb-spar and from iron-
spar; several interesting specimens for figure, colour and lustre, chiefly
fi'om Schemnitz and Kremnitz in Hungary, are deposited in this case.
^—Carbonate of iron, or siderite and ironspar, crystallized, fibrous, mas-
sive, and hotTyoida\(sph{Brosideriteofliausmaxm). — Carbonate of man-
ganese, or manganese spar, crystallized and in globular and botryoidal
shapes of various shades of rose colour, on sulphuret of manganese, &c*

Case 49. One-half of this Glass Case is occupied by the. several
varieties of carbonate of zinc, or zinh-spar (also called calamine in
common with the silicate of zinc or smithsonitc in Case 26): crystallized,
botryoidal, and in other forms, among which are the pseudomorphoua
crystals, derived from modifications of carbonate of lime (zinc-bloom),
— With this is placed the awrichaicite of Bdtticber, one of the sub-
stances to which the name of kupfer-schaum has been given ; it is a
carbonate of zinc and of copper, and nearly related to some chemically
unexamined varieties of what has been called scaly green calamine of
Siberia, &c. (in this table), and to which also the buratite of Delesse
appears to belong. — The other half chiefly contains th& carbonates
of lead, or lead^spar (cerussite of Haid. ), among which are the deli-
cately acicular varieties from the Hartz, and from Cornwall, accom-

* The slab of the table in the middle of the room Is composed of a stalagroitic
calcareous deposition, which was found investing the interior of a square wooden
pipe in Blythe Lead Mine, Derbyshire: the le^ of the table are of black marble^
from Bakewell. This table was pzesented by his Grace the Duke of Rutland..

NATumAL Hua»my. (liineads.) [mo&th

pawed md partly €oknred by green cmbomate^ oopser ; ^k orystAUked
varieties from Siberia, Mic8 m Bobemia, ice. ;— -Ibe puWeruleiit va-
riety, &c — Carkomate qf bimmikt fimm the prinoipaBty of Reuse. —
To wfaidi are added soMe apecimeBi of tbe rare carboma^ afceriami,
at coatiBg on cerite,£rom fiastoMs ; — oifttrim -im orthite, from Ytterbjr^
Sweden, &c.

Case 50. In this and the fbUomng Case are depeaited tbe cor-
bmudes ef copper, ris. Ilie bbu copper, or copp&T'mMwrtt the more re-
markable varieties ef which are thine from Cheifly, aad £ro«i the Ban*
nat, combined with various substanoas ; — 'the eaithy varieties, some of
which have been uaed as pigment cold inder the name of mountain-
Uae ; — those crystalliaed varieties which, passing from tbe state of blue
into that of green carbonate, have, by Hatty, been called oiuFre oar-
bonaet^ ^pig^ne.

Case 51. Tbe green oarboiiates of copper, among which may be
specified tbe fine and rare varieties oifibrouB wimhchite^ in acicularcrystalE,
and massive, with fibrous stniotureaad velvety appeanmce,accoBipaiued
by carbonate of lead, &c. ; and, among the specimens of compact mala-
okite, thoae very characteristic and splendid ones from the Gumashevsk
and Turja mines, in the Uratian mountains.

Case 52. Besides the nitrates, (such as the nitrate tf potasBa, na-
tive nitre or saltpetre, fousd as efflorescence, mixed with other saltSy
and as crystalline cnists, from Pulo di Molfelta in Apulia, from near
Burgos in Spain, &c. ; nitrate of soda, Sfc. ;) this ease contains part
of £e sulphates: — st^^ate of soda, or fflaiber aaUj — tkemairdite, bm
anhydrous sulphate of soda,ibttnd in crystaUine crusts, at the bottom of
the briny waters of Espartiaes in Spain, five leagues from Madrid ;^-
glaubertte, a mnieral composed of the anhydrous sulphates of soda and
of lime, from the salt mines of ViUanibia and Aranjuez in Spain, em-
bedded in salt and day. The rest of this, with half of the next oase»
is occupied by sulphates of baryta or baroselenite (keavy'Spar),
among which may be partbularised the splendid groups of crystal
from Schemnitz in Hungary, and Claustbal in the Hartz, Traveis-
eUa in Piedmont, the large very perfect crystals from Dufton, Cum-
beriand, &c, the curved-lamella varieties; the columnar, resem-
blmg carbonic of lead; the radiated, to which belongs the Bohgmese
spar, from Monte Patemo, near Bplogna, from Bavaria, &c ; tiie
beautiful variety called ketten-spath, or ohaia-spar, from the Hartz;
the fibrous and the panular varieties ; the compM^ called barytic or
poDderous marble. Sec. ; the cawk of Derbyshire and Stafibrfuhire ;
wtid baroselenite or hepatite, an iirtimate mixture of sulphate of baiyta
with bituminous matter ; earthy baroselenite :— also the wabiyne from
Muasay in Hunffary is only a variety of sulphate of baryta.

Case 58. Swpnatetf baryta continued, and«ii^Aa^0 qfatrontia:-^
among the specimens of the latter salt, to which has been given the
name of celestine, on account of the sky-blue tint of some of its varieties,
the most remarkable are, the sptendid groups of limpid prismatic crystals
from La CatoUca in Sicily, accomf»amed by aulpkur ; those firom the
vicinity of Bristol, from St. Beat in the D6p, des Landes; those
from Falkenstein in Tyrol ; from the salt mines of Aranjuez ; the
acicular variety in the hollows of compact sulphate of strontia from
Montmartre; in the fissures of flmt and in chidk, from M»udon ; the
radiated and fibrous celestine from Pennsjrlvania, Ice.

GALLsaY.] KA.TII&AL HiBTOftY. ( Miieimli. ) 68

C A«E 54 oontuBs tlie mtlphaies ef Ume, tke p i inc ip tt l TurielMB <if
which BPe, — &e se/lende* er wporry gypamn, m ctotoched cirBtiAB Hid
splendid groape, fiFom Bex in Sivineidaiid, Montmaitre netr Paris, Ox-
ford, &c. ; from St. Jaffo di Compostella, stahaed by red iron odire ;
the 'fibrous gypBum wim lilky hittie, from Deibjdiire, Swiseeriand,
Montserrat ; the graDular g^um or akbaster ; the compact variety, to
wfaicii belongs the stakagmitical gypaua Iron Guadaloupe ; the scndy
gypsum (chaux sulphat^ie niviibme «f Hafiy) from MoHtmartre ; com-
mon earthy gypsum, &c. — Anhydreiu tu^tmitB ef Ume, or anhydrite^
(also celled cwe-^ar and manaBite,) ctystalliiie, fibrous, ffranuliar and
compact ; to the last of which belong some of the huian varieties
known by the name of hariit/Ho and 'bardiglione, as also the singular
fibrous-compact variety, (am^ai^ly catted tripe-stone (pierre des trippes),
from the salt mines of Wieliozka.

Case 55. Sulphates eontinaed : — n^kate of magnesia, or qpsomite,
generally occurring in crystalline fibres : the fine variety from Calat^nid
in Aragon ; also the hahtriekite (hacm^ah') of Idria belongs to this
species, and the stalactic cobalt- vitriol, as it is oriled,from Herrengrund
in Hungary, which is only sulphate of magnesia, coloured red by oxide
of cobalt. — Pob/haUte, a chemical compound of several sundiates,
formerly mistaken for anhydrous sulphate of lime : compact and nbrous,
from the salt formation of Berchtesgaden in Bavaria, and Ischel in
Austria. — Sulphale cf sine, wkke vitrtBl or goslaribe. — Suipkaie of
iron, green vitriol, or wiekmdterite, (a sak mostly produced by the de-
composition of iron pyrites,) in beautiful large rhombohedral cr3^Btals,
from Bodemnais in Bavaria, and massive, and in stalactio-fibrous forms,
such as the specimens from the Rammelsberg, in the Hartz, where it
idso occurs in the form of yeilow scales, known by the name of misg j
and as concretions of a red colour, called vitriol-roth or hotryogene :
the plumose vitriol (federsalz), and a botryoidal-renifbrm substance
called berghutter, are nothing but casual mixtures of sulphate of iron and
hydrous sulphate of alumina. — Suhhate of copper, or copper vitriol
{cyanose, Beud. ) : — ^the finest sky>blue specimens here deposited, toge-
ther with the stalactic, fibrous and crystaUiied varieties, (the large group
of crystals is artifidally prepared,) are from Herrengrund in Hungary.
There are i^so two or three scarce Siberian mineral substances placed
In this Case (one of them, the brochantite), which appear to be sub-
scdphotes of copper, but stand in need of -more accurate chemical
examination. — Sulphate of wranmm oxide or iohannite, a very rare
mineral substance, from JoaofaimBthal, Bohemaa. — Sulphate of lead,
lead-vitriol, or anglesHe, of which we have a suite of specimens with
brilliant and well-defined cr^tals from Badenweiler in Suabia, from
the Parys mine in Anglesea, &«. ; the smfphato-oarhonate (lanarkite),
and svlphato-trioarbonate (smzannite), the cupreous aulphato-oarbonate
(caledonite) of lead, &c., from Lea^ifls, %[C,— Sulphates (^alumina:
— >cemmon ahnn, crystalliBed, fibroos, &c., from various places ; and
the hydrous sub-sulphate of abtmma, called ahmmite, or websterite,
from. Sussex and from Halle in the territory of Magdeburg, which
was by some mistaken for pure alumina, and by others for hydrate of

* Ajvmaskably fine group «fMl«nite crystaU it placed on awptreatojitaad be-
tween Table 54 and the window : it is from Henog Emstlevel, ReiuhardsbnmB*
Sirxe-CobtiTg. Presented by H. K. H. Ihrmoe Albert.

64 NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) [north

alumina with mechanically admixed sulphate of lime : it must not be
confounded with another substance, also called alvminite or ahtmstone,
(alunite of some mineralogists,) from Tolfi^ &c., which is a basic sal-
phate of alumina and potassa.

In this Case are also placed some specimens of iazurite (lasura-
ieitit or lapis lazuli), which furnishes the valuable pigment called
ultra^marine ; — ^the haiiyne, and a few other of the imperfectly known
silicates of soda, lime, and alumina combined with sulphates.

Case 56. Arseniom acid and arseniates : the former (also called
arsenic-bloom, or octahedral oxide of arsenic) is frequently confounded
with arseniate of lime, and the white octahedral crystals of it, often seen in
collections on realgar and orpiment, are generally artificially produced in
the interior of mines. — The arseniates in this Glass Case are : — arseniate
of lime, called pharmacoUte, chiefly in white acicular crystals, from Wit-
tichen in Suabia,and Riegelsdorfin Hessia. — Arseniate of iron or pkar^
macosiderite,v/hich occurs only crystallized, chiefly in cube8(whence Wer*
ner'sname of Wiirfel-ertz), from Cornwall, from San- Antonio- Pereira,
Brazil, on hydrous oxide of iron, &c. ; — skoroditc, a substance which
appears to be closely allied to Boumon's cupreous arseniate of iron —
also the beudantite of Livy, a mineral from Horh'ausen or the Rhine,
IS said to be pharmacosiderite. — Arseniates of copper, chiefly frt>m
Cornwall, consisting of the foliated arseniate or copper-mica, the
lenticular arseniate or liroconite, and the olivenite, or olive-ore of
Werner, which are formed into five species by Boumon, but their
exact composition remains still to be ascertained by exact chemical
analyses. The euchroite also belongs to these, and the kupferschaum
of Werner, at least that from Falkenstein in Tyrol: some other
varieties bearing that name appearing to be referable to carbonates
of copper and of zinc. — Arseniate of cobalt, or red cobalt (erythrine,
Beud. ), comprising the earthy (cdaU crust) and the radiated (co-
bait-bloom) varieties, from Salfeld, Allemont, &c. — Arseniate of
nickel.

Case 57. Among the various phosphates deposited in this Case may
be particularized— pAo«p^a/e of iron, Werner's vivianite, in variously-
grouped crystals (from Bodenmais in Bavaria, from Cornwall, from Fer-
nando Po, &c.), massive and pulverulent: among the specimens of
the latter are the massive vanety of New Jersey, and several earthy
blue varieties in clay, peat, wood, &c. : the chakosiderite of Ullmann,
the pittiate of Hausmann, to which also appears to belong Breithaupt's
diadochite, Werner's green iron earHi, and Thomson's muUicite, are like-
wise phosphates of iron. — Phosphate ofmanganese or triplite, from Chan-
teloube, near Limoges, in the department of Haute Yienne in France,
where several other mineral substances have lately been found, the essen-
tial component parts of which are iron, manganese, and phosphoric acid.
'-—Triphyline, a phosphate of iron, manganese and lithia;— <2e^
vauxite, &c. — Phosphate of copper, of which the best characterized
species are — the octahedral, or lAetheniet, from Libethen in Hungary ;
and the prismatic, or rhenite, from Rheinbreitenbach, where it occurs
with quartz which sometimes passes into calcedony. — The lagilite of
Hermann, a hydrous phosphate of copper, from the Ural. — Phosphate
of oxide of uranium : — the yellow uranite or uran-mica from Autin,
Liimoges, Bodenmais; and the green uranite, or chalcoHte, chiefly

GALLEBY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Minerals.) 65

from Cornwall and Saxony: both of them phosphates of oxide of
uranium, but distinct by containing, the former a small portion of
phosphate of lime, and the latter an equivalent portion of phosphate of
copper. — Phosphate of yttria, or phosphyttrite, a very scarce mineral
substance, first found m the granite of LindentU in Norway, and subse*

quently, in equally small quantities, at Ytterby in Sweden Phoa^

phates of cdunUna, to which belong — the waveUite, a substance which
was originally mistaken for a hydrate of pure alumina, and there-
fore called hydrargiJlUe, from Devonshire, Ireland, Greenland, from
Amberg, in Bavaria (called lasionite), from Aussig in Bohemia,
on sandstone, &c. — the gibbsite (see Table 19), the varieties of
which contain phosphoric acid in varying proportions; — the klapro*
thitst called also blue spar, and azurite, and is therefore sometimes
confounded with the lapis lazuli; — together with some other sub-
stances of which no exact analyses have as yet been published,
though they are known to be chiefly composed of alumina in com*
bination with phosphoric acid, such as — the calcdte, or real turquois
(Jiruzah in Persian), an opaque gem found chiefly at Nishapur, in
the province of Khorasan, Persia, in nodules or as small veins tra-
versing a femigino-argillaceous rock, and greatly esteemed on ac-
count of its beautiful blue colour, which will in most cases be sufficient to
distinguish it both from the blue silicate of copper and from fossil bones
(particularly teeth) impregnated with blue phosphate of iron or carbonate
of copper, some of which substances are vulgarly called occidental tur-
quoises. — The kakoxene, a rare substance of a crystalline diverging-
fibrous structure and yellow colour, found in the fissures of argillaceous
iron>stone, near Zbirow in Bohemia , — and the childrenite from Tavi-
stock, in Devonshire : both which mineral substances contain alumina
and oxide of iron combined with phosphoric acid, but require to be sub-
jected to closer chemical examination. — Phosphate of magnesia: the
very scarce wagnerite, from the valley of Holgraben, near Werfen, in
Salzburg. — The mengite and edwardsite are placed in the Table Case,
they being by some considered as phosphates of lanthan and cerium
oxides.

In two of the supplemental Table Cases (57 A and B) in this
room are deposited such phosphates as are combined with chlorides;
as likewise the rare combinations of the latter with carbonates and
silicates.

Case 57 A. PyromorpMte, a combination of phosphate of lead and
chloride of lead, generally divided into brown lead ore and green had
ore : among the varieties of the former, the more remarkable are the
large six-sided prisms from Huelgoet in Brittany ; of the latter we
have the massive botryoidal (travbenertz), the spicular, and crystallized
varieties, of various, shades of green passing into greenish>white, into
yellow and orange. To these are addedphosph-arseniates and also some
arseniaies of lead, from Siberia, Cumberland, Saxony, &c., whose che-
mical constitution is not yet perfectly understood ; in

Case 57 B. Phosphate of lime combined with chloride of calcium,
in some varieties of which this latter constituent is replaced by fluoride of
calcium : among the specimens may be particularized several very scarce
and interesting crjrstallizations of Werner's apa^, such as the large vio-
let-coloured crystals from St. Petersburg ; the groups from Ehrenfrie-
dersdorfi Maggia on St. Gothard, Traversella in Piedmont, &c. : the

60 MAnrEAL MiSTOAY. (MiMiab.) [no&th

▼arictycalled mpamff m t j <gw >, fr—n the Gremerin Tjvoi^attd pwticiiiBrij
the specimein horn Junilla in M ureia; the Norwegian apatite catted ami-
rojntes also the phoapkorkt or fibrottt and compaet phosphate of Itme^
and the pulverulent nanetT, known by the mmme of earth of Mannanask,
whidi was foroMriiy considered as a variety ol fluoride of calcium (floite
takapatite of lime). — The onty carbonate foond combined witb a
chloride is the horn-^Md, or cA20ro>-€ar6«nafis efkad: the unique- flttite
of crystals deposited in this Table Case is from Cromfoid Level,, near
Matlock.

To the siUcates with Mnidu are i«ibrred the sodaliUy of whicfa^ ho«r-
ever, some varieties rtand in need of more accurate ehenycal eramina-
tion ; — the eudiabfte, wbieh oecuis. in West Gwenlaad, aoGOrapanied by
the preceding mineral substaneea;-— thepyrosma/tte^from the ireo mines
of Nordmark, in Wemeland, maisive and in perfect cr3rstal^

Cabs 58 contains the^nortiles, of which by £ur the most impoftaat
spades is the fluoridb of calcium, geBerally called fiuate ^ Imm and
flmer-spar : among its. nimieroas varieties may be particularized,, tbe
rose^ioloured crystals from. Chamoani; die photpttorescent massive
fluor-spar, called chloropfaane, from Sberia;. the varieties called focti*
fication-ftuor ; earthy and compact flufir,.&e., chiefly from Derbyshire
and Sexxmy, — The vesy scaeee fluoride of akminura, from Comnssllj
ealled^utfmte.: — Ftuoridt ofcmldum^ pttriumy and cerittm f^-A^troctribt ;
and aome related mmeiab nom Finboand Biodbo near Fahhusin Sn«.
den; — Fluoride ofsodnm and daoiMnwB, caUed eryoUt^ Ibund hi West
Greenland : pure and mixed wAk brews iron-^teoe,. galena, &c ; — the
ehioik€j from the Ural.

Case 58 A, is appropriated ta some of llie siKeates conlainBfiy fiuo»
rides : — ^to thf»e belongs the tepoz, here illustrated by a considesabk
series of crystals of Saxon, Dra(dlEan,.aiid Siberian varieties, amongwhich
there are several new moifi£eations; Saacon varieties imbedded iis the
topaz rock, an aggregate of topas, sheri, qaarti, and sometimes mioa ;
Brazilian topazes, yellow a»d pkik, imbedded in rock cryst^ Ac.
— Also the pyrophystditt fsom Fahhia in Sweden, and the pj^ntitet
formerly considered as a variety of beryl, are referable to topaz-;.—
the chondrodite (madurite, bru(3te)from New Jersey, and from Prngas
in Finland ; and some varieties of wica and bpidoUtt, ( Case 32,} likewiee
contain fluoric acicL

Case 59 contains ihecldorides, — Chlorideofsodium(muricUe afatda),
or rock sak : the most interesting spectmens hese deporited tiikm hn-
portant mineral substance are, the ciystsffized varieties; the raasnveand
fibrous coloured varieties, Ite red, diieflly fromi Hallem in Tyrol, the
blue and violet from faehelin Upper Austria; the staku^calroek salt from
Mexico, &c. — CUorida ^mtnmmmum or aal^anmoniaey fr«om Vceufriiis^ .
Saint Etienne en F^rez, &e. — Chbtvidts of lead : to these belong — ^the
cotimnke frtnn Vesnvivs; tibe imn£pU » or baric muriate of tea^from
Mendip ; and the naaw^aafhomUe efkad (phosftuiie) from Matlock in
Derbyshire, of which most rare subatimee a. very pesfect suite of Mftot-
mens win be found in Case &7B.-''€!/dend8-&f copper or atasamiie,
in crystallized splendid map§f chiefly from Remonnes, Solidnd and
Veta negra. deUa Pismpakiga, is Chili ;~-wittl was ori g i natt y tensed
Pieruman yreem Sitmd, er atrntamHB^ (being obtained from t&e dntrt of
Ataeama between CfaiM and IVru,) is now known to^ be artiflcii^ prou
ducedby pouadhigihe dystriMacdand haunai varierias far tlie pwpose

•f using the taad' (arentta) in Keu. ol yottinff pii|pcr...€%/oiruir of
At'/ver, called also hom-^ihtr waA ccneoua lilver: amoqphoiM, bo^-
tryeidal, in ImniniB audi cryi ti tt i i c dL ia nannte oube» and o^ahedrons,
from Veta Negra in Ckiliy the Sasm BiiiKebiige» tbc — CUorub of
fitofVMry, or hwn-qmekmburt ividk mitm mwcuiji itottMotdbel^LiMb-
beig, AlmadciH ftc;

Cases 60and G(> A coofteki a small coHeetioii ol orgaiiice-cfaMMea&»
or such nuneraHzed tubslances as an cawposed after the maaner of
organic bodies, from whidi they derive thca oricia^ Thej a*e dirUed
into salts, veiins, bitumen, and coaL Te the laHK belonf — ^the mdlaU
of(^umma, abo called wuUite or fe?m y li it i a^ loand in beds of brown
coal at Artera in Thuringia; and th& ostdtOa qfiron^ focmerlj known by
the name of resinoiis iron, but to whidtdial m kwmhoieliitt or 9»<UUt is
now generally given. — ^Witfa these is also-placcd the MtrmviU, a tecently-
fonaed phosplnte of magnesia and aBimawia, discovered m innumera-
bbs cryslak on laying the foundation of ^ Nichoks'a cfaurcby at Han>
burg, in ld4& — To the resins are refened—dM mmbery of the varieties of
which a coBsiderable suite ia deposited, many of l^em incloeiag insects,
&c. ; to whidi, f&r the sake of eonif)ariaD8» are added» specimens of re*>
cent copal, likewise cooCahmig ineeets i-^fnml oopia/or Uigh^aite rteimi
--.re<tRtteorintfMMEspAalt,founlat Bovey; tesetfaerwidi some other rew
Isted resniouB substances ; — thetdrwltto, to vnkh. the bitttmnBOua cia-
oabar or brand-erti is partfy referable. To te bituraaoa belong the
varieties of mmeral pitch of afi degrees of oonsifltenee, feom the fluid
issp^^Aa and tftmorc/ at^ or jifllreisKai, to the soM and bard oipMf and
jiU €9 pitch coo^i— 4he thtarita or elastic bituaaut of Dcrisyshire (a^suitc
of specimens exhibiting all degrees of sehdit^ from that of honey te
that of a compact ligneoas substance). 'With diese is also placed the
dapi^e, an inflammUe fbsai sobalsnce f e md by E^mboldt in Se«ulh
Ameriea, hcvingseTenA pnsperttes of &e common caautchoue or Indian
rubbery— the A«teArMiae, alotiimiaeiis substaaeefixmi Merthyr Tydvil in
South Walesa thescArrrmfo; the A«rtfite, attd the uw^lref Hatdinfer,
igc. — Coal: biaehe^al, anAhrmon eomi — ofthasea-fewspeciMensoiily
are deposited, their diflerent vaneties being rather objects far a geolo-
gical collectien.

FOSSILS.
Room I.

The cottections of Organic Remains begiBy, in Room L with that of
the Fossil Vegetables, kt present deposited chiefly in the Wall Cases of
the S. and W. nles of the room. A ^rsmnatie botanicalarrangement
has bees adapted, so for as the limited space and the as yet doubtful
natuna of naiiy of those fosnl icmaina adontted of it.

Case 1 is set apart for the small number of foanls apparently ef
the dass ef submerged AEGiS»such as IktmehSf Confimntes, &c. In
the saa» Case are nro^iisimisHy flacadtiKwe impwissians on coal slat^
of plantewidtrertieiliatedlBaaesJaMWM by the geneacn a mesof Astero-
ph ^O ii0 9 i ^ — idbi ai y &«., auAsnppeaed by se me to berefenble to the
^; aMdwa fow that appeirtobMr aftniirf to the Mabiouace jb»

68 KATU&AL HUTOKY. (FoMlll.) [nO&TH

such as Pihdaritei, Solemi€$f &c. ; together with some other vegetable
remains, the nature of whidi is not yet determined.

The upper division of Case 2 is ooeufned by the Eq0isetace^»
most of which may be united under the generic name of Calamites, the
absence of the sheaths, by which the latter are said to be distinguishable
from real Equiseta, being a character not to be depended upon. The
species of Calamiteat almost all from the rocks of the most ancient coal
formation, are far from being satisfactorily determined, their internal
structure being entirely unknown. The species of CalamUea of Cotta,
(Case E.,) which exhibit a peculiar organic structure, can scarcely be
said to belong to the same natural order. The genus PhyUotheca of
Brongniart, from the coal sand-stone of Port Jackson, in which the
sheaths are prolongated into leaves, is a distinct genus of this order; as
is likewise tne Equisetum Lyeilii from Pounceford.

The lower division of Case % and part of 3, contain the Ferns ( Fi-
LICE 8 ), most of them as impressions in coal-sbale. Many of them bear a
strongresemblance to existing, especially tropical,species ; and fructifica-
tion, distinctly exhibiting the sporangia variously disposedin sori,&c, has
latterly been observed in several species ; but the classification founded
on characters derived from them and the distribution and ramifications
of the nerves, though of great importance in the classification of recent
ferns, is obviously, at least in the present state of our knowledge, inap-
plicable to those in a fossil state. The arrangement and the generic
names here adopted, with occasional deviation, are those proposed in
the concluding numbers of the late Count Sternberg's work. The
species, as frur as determined, are all named; the synonymy being added
in most cases where it appeared requisite.

In the upper division of Case 3, and part of 4 and 5, are placed
those genera which are generally supposed to belong to the frunily of
LvcopoDiACEiE, of which Leptdodendron of Sternberg (Sagenaria of
Presl. ) is the principal one. Much uncertainty still prevails in the deter-
mination of the genera and species of this family. Some of them ap-
pear to exhibit an internal structure intermediate between that of the
Lycopodiacese and the Coniferse ; but Leptdodendron punctatum of
Sternberg, (of the unique specimen of which, in Mr. Cotta's collection,
a portion is seen in Case 3,) presents the organization of a real arbo-
rescent fern. Nearly allied to the Lepidodendra are several vegetable
fossils, considered as distinct genera, among which may be specified
Lepidophyllum and Lepidostrobus (Case 4) of Brongniart, (the
former perhaps only the leaves, the latter the fruits of species of Zepi-
dodendron or Lycopodites,) the Ulodendron (Lepidoa. omaHssimum,
Stemb.), the Bothrodendron of Lindley, the Rhytidolepis of Stemb.,
&c.

In the upper division of Case 5 are placed the species of Sigittaria^
(including FavtdaHat) Brong., which are very distinct in theur structure
from arborescent Ferns, with which they have by some been arranged.
To these also belongs the Megaphyton Ntthd. ; of which the original
specimen figured and described by Artis is deposited here. In the
lower division of the same Case are seen some very interesting vege-
table remains, someof which undoubtedly are referable to the iamilyof As-
PHODELB JE, such as the Dracana Benstedii, (firom the Iguanodon quarry
near Maidstone,) so called after the discoverer of the fine specimens pre-

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Foesils.) 69

sented to the Museum. To these are added very perfect specimens^
from Dr. Mantell's collection, of the Clathraria LyeUii from the Weal-*
den : the ||eneric name, formerly S3monymou8 with Simllaria, is now ex-
clusively given to this remarkable v^etable. Stenuferaia transversa
of Artis, {Artisia of Sternberg,) hitherto described and figured from
very imperfect specimens, also probably belongs to this natural order.
Another interestinff vegetable of Dr. Mantell's discovery is the Endo^
genites erosa, oivMch many specimens from Hastings, &c., are de-
posited, exhibiting its structure : it seems related to the Palmse, and is
no doubt a congener of Cotta*s Porosus marginatus, of which a speci-
men is added ; but neither of those generic appellations appear to be
admissible. There are also remains of real Palm^ in this Case, such
as the fruits from Sheppey, the cut and polished specimens of wood from
Antigua, &c. Whether or not NoggeraihiaflabeOiformis and a related
species are referable to them, remains doubtfjl.

The upper division of Case 6 contains only specimens of Sttgmaria»
a genus totally distinct from any other known of the natural orders of
Lycopodiacese or Filices, to both of which its species have been referred
by authors. Below these, in the same Case, are placed various in-
teresting specimens belonging to species of genera of Conifers,
such as Pinus, Araucana^ TTiugtes, VolziOf BrachyphyUumy &c.
In another part of the same Case are deposited interesting remaina
of the natural order of CycadevE, (among which may be specified
the fine specimens from the oolitic formation at Whitby,) of
various species of Pterophyllum, Zamia, Ctenis, and (on the top
of the Case) the globular trunks (two of them cut and polished) of
ManteUia nidiformis of Brongniart, from the oolite of Portland. 1—
Various other vegetable remains, especially of Dicotyledonous plants,
such as those from the fresh water formation of Oeningen, &c., will
hereafter be arranged in Table Cases to be made for their recep-
tion.

On the lower shelves of the Cases 3, 4, and 5, is placed a very ex-
tensive series of cut and polished specimens of fossil wood, most of them
from the red sandstone formation of Chemnitz in Saxony, and New
Paka in Bohemia, and many of them described and figured in Cotta*s
work: Die Dendrolithen, Dresden, 1832. The genera TubicauHs,.
Psaronius (Staar-stein) and Porosus, no doubt belong to the Filices ;
many of the remainder are referable to the Palms, and a still greater
portion of them to the Coniferse ; in the vicinity of which natural orders
they are respectivelv placed in the Wall Cases.

The slabs of sandstone on the north wall of this Room, with the sup-
posed tracks of an unknown animal called Chirotherium, are, that on
the left, from the quarries of Hildburghausen in Saxony , and that in
the centre, from those of Storton Hill, near Liverpool, (the latter pre-
sented by J. Tomkinson, Esq. ) On the right hand are placed slabs-
from the same new red sandstone formation, with equally enigmatical
imprests of various dimensions, called Omithiohnitc», being very like
foot-marks of birds: they occur in the sandstone beds near Greenfields
Masmchusetts, at a cataract in the Connecticut river known by the
name of Turner's Falls.

The Case placed against the piers, between the windows of the
E. wall of the room, eontaini a suite of varieties of wood opal from

s

70 XATOltAL HIIMWT. (FotSili.) [NOftSrH

Van DiemcTi*! Lafid, pretented by Mn. Howley, the Udy of Hik Onee
the Archbiabop of CwBterbury.

In this room art also pliieed two geological Hiodets, by the late
Mr. Etiaf HuU ; one repretentfaig part of the High Peak of Deiby^.
•hire; the otiier, the lake (iBtriot of Oumberlaad, WeitaiorelaBd, and
LattoaBhire.

Room II.

. In the Wall Cases of Room II. are various mammalian remains,
amongst which are numerous parts of the Megatherium, from Buenos
Ayres : these will ultimately be removed to Room VI., where many of
the specimens formerly in these cases are now deposited. In Case V.
are arranged the portions of the carapace and other parts of the gigan-
tic fossil tortoise {Megctlochdys AUa$) discovered by Major Cautley,
Bengal Artillery, in the Sewalik Hills, and formed part of the very ex-
tensive collection presented by that gentleman to the Museum. On the
upper shelf in Case III. are arranged the bones of various species of
JJinomiSy an extinct genus of birds, which formerly inhabited New

Zealand some of these bones, it will be seen, must have belonged to

birds of most gigantic dimensions. In the Table Cases under the
windows of this and the next room are temporarily deposited some
mammalian remains; and the north-east Wall Case is filled with
Crinoids, Star-fishes, &c.

Room III.

The Wall Cases 1 to 4 are set apart for the Batrachian, the Qieiottiair
and Emydosaurian reptiles, now under arrangement To the first
named of these orders bekops the gigantic Salamander, the sab-
jeet of Scheuchzer*8 dissertation. Homo Hkimi tettis el thBO9eop09^
Various specimens illustrative of the Chelonians will also be placed
in some of the Wall Cases of Room II. Among ike speciBienB
of the third of these orders may be specified the CrocodiUaa
division, oontaininff very interesting objects, such as specimene of
the head, with o£er bones, of the gavial (or rather gbirial) of
Wldtby (TMeo§amru8 Chtipmanm), which, though con-ecstly deter-
mined by its discoverer, Capt. W. Chapman, and also by WosQer
(Plnl. Trans, fbr 1758), was subsequeirtly mistaken for a speciee oi
Ichthyosaurus ;•'— another species of gbarial (considered a distuct gems,
bearing the name of JBolodon) from the Has at Monheim in PktnKOttaa,
being the unique specimen described snd ficured by Soemmerrinff in
the Memoirs of the Academy of Munich, un£r the name of OraooaUH^
priBcus; — ahead of Crocodim 7WlM^>tcvs,mentioned by Cuvwr as Cro-
codih de Shtpp^, and which appears to be distiMct tnm CroeoMuf
S^ffenoifi, of wni^ the original spedmen is likewise deposited here;
— ^the head and other parts of the GWosomtim (the Lmttrta gii^miam
of Soemnerrfaig) found together with the prece di ng, a&d fig mad
atod d e iHJiibe d by the lastMuentioned nstundist in tl^ 'Hmnsa rt ia My
(^ the Aeadeny of liunidi ;— the faiteiestkig groups embedded in tmo
j^abs of limestone of the well known Swanage CrococBIe (a distnet
genus) and one of the principal speoimens of tro Mantellian eolleotion ;
— ^the lower jaw and other parts of the cranium, vertebiw, lee., of the
huge reptile ( JfossMimn SmHcH Pitri) from the St Petei^ Moontain
near Maestriobt, preaested, in 1784, by the odebrated Pelar Cbmper»

6AIXBRT.] N^TUAAL HIgTOftY. (FoftUs.) 71

and figured b j CuTier ;-.-« portion of a new species, from Lyme Rej^s,
of the remarkable genus of flying reptiles, the Pterodaefyhts of Cuvier,
deseribed and figured by Bucldai^ in the Transaetions of the Geological
Society, under the name of P. maeromfx : together with a coloured
caat of Ptarod. hnairoHriM of Cuvier firon Solenhofen, the auanry
of which place has auo furnished the small lamina of lias on which may
be observed the impression (with some of the osseous substance re-
maining) of the last two artioulations of the toe of a fiying animal, con-
sidered by Spix as related to the Vampkre, but which is more pix^Mibly
a large and distinct species of Pterodactyle.

The whole of Case 3 is occupied by the osseous remains of Iguano*
don, chiefly firom the strata of Tilgate Forest in Sussex ; a suite
which, together with the great group of bones firom Maidstone embedded
in Kentish rag, (in a separate Glass Case placed at present under the
central window,) has furnished Dr. Mantell with highly valuable
materials for the illustration of that extraordinary reptile, scarcely lest
remarkable in its osteology than the gigantic animal (Wall Cage 2) of the
same order, discovered by that naturalist, and to which he has given the
name of the Wealden Lizard (Sj/keosaurus), to express the circum^
stance of its occurring in the strata of that geological formation.

In the Wall Cases 4 to 6, of this Room, and in all those of Room
I v., are arranged the order Enaltosaubia, or Sea Lizards, of the sub-
division of which the genera Plesiosaurus and Ichthyosaurus are the
principal types. Among the species of the former may be particularized
the Plesiosaurus HawkinsiU chiefly firom the lias quarries of Street, and
thus named by Mr. Owen in honour of the author of the work in which
most of the specimens are fi^ed and described that formed his coU
lection, now partly deposited m this Gallery ; — ^the species from Lyme-
Regis, first described oy Mr. Conybeare, and named P, doUchodetnu^
its neck being nearly equal in length to the body and tul united ;-^the
P. rugosus from the lias near Belvoir Castle, presented by H. G. the
Duke of Rutland, being a unique nearly complete specimen of this
species; — the specimen of a Plesiosaure, of which an account and firar^
have been given in the Philosophical Transactions for 1719, by Mr.
Stukeley, who mistook it for a crocodile. The north-west Wall Case
contains a series of Mammalian remains from Auvergne.

Room IV.

In and on the Wall Cases of Room IV. are placed the larger speci*
mens of the various ^ecies of Ichthyosaurus, or the fish-lizard, so de«
nominated on account of their having in a recent state clearly presented
the external appearance of certain orders of fishes conribincd with the
internal orgamzation belonging to the Saurian reptiles. The most
striking specimens are the J. Puityodon in the eentral Case, and various
bones of its sigantic variety on the top of the same Case and in Case 2,
such as the head cut transversely to show the internal structure of the
jaws ; the carpal bones of one of the extremities, &c. : all from tlie
lias of Lyme Regis ; — a new small species, /. loHfrons, in which the
spiracle on the top dfthe head* between the ^res, daims paitioulv no-
tice, from Balderton in the county of Nottingham, presented by Dr.
Bland ;— the splendid specimens of /. intermedius, I, hnchiodoUf /.

s 2

72 NATITKAL HISTORY. (Fossils.) [NOaXR

communis, all from Lyme Regis ; the /. longipinnis and /. longtroS'
trU from Whitby, &c.

In the Wall Case 6 will be found the remains of various mammalia
belonffing to the order Ruminantia.

In the Wall Case 7 are arranged the fossil carnivorous mammalia, in-
cluding skulU and various other portions of the skeletons of bears, chiefly
from Gailenreuth in Franconia ; remains of the hysena from the caverns
of Torquay and Kirkdale. Certain insectivorous mammalia are also
placed in this case, as well as the very valuable specimen presented by
W. J. Broderip, Esq., the lower jaw of the Phascolotherum Buck-
landU from the great oolite of Stonesfield, Oxfordsliire.

On the north side of this room are Table Cases containing Corals,
Bryozoa, and Mummulites.

Room V.

This room contains the collection of Fossil Fishes, arranged after M.
Agassiz' system, as developed in his work, Recherches sur les Poissons
fossiles. They are divided into four Orders, namely, the Placoids, the
Ganoids, the Ctenoids, and the Cycloids. The first of these orders com-
prehends individuals mostly of considerable dimensions, whose skele-
tons, by reason of their soft cartilaginous nature, are less enduring;
their fossil remains therefore generally occur as small detached portions
only of the whole body, such as teeth, palates, and dorsal fins, some of
which, as smaller objects, are under arrangement in the Table Cases
(1 to 4). The remaining three orders of this class, demanding ample
space, are placed in, and on the top of, the upright Wall Cases on the south
side of the room. The red figures on the labels of the genera refer to the
larger suspended boards bearing the names of the orders and families ;
while the names of the species are written on labels variously tinted, in
accordance with the coloured tablets within the Cases, indicating the
geological formations to which the specimens respectively belong.

The Order of Ganoids or Goniolepidoti, (names derived, the one
from the lustre, the other from the angular form of the scales of these
fishes,) occupies the Cases* 1 to 16; it is divided into twelve fami-
lies, namely, the Cephalaspidians, Acanthodians, Dipterians, Lepidoids,
Sauroids, the Celacanths, Pycnodons, Scleroderms, Gymnodons, and
the Siluroids ; with two other of Cuvier's families, of which specimens
are wanting in the collection.

Among the specimens deposited to illustrate the first of those families
(Cases 1 to 3, upper shelves), may be particularized some of the
extraordinary types occurring only in the most ancient of the palaeozoic
formations; the old red sandstone of Scotland having furnished the
most Interesting of them, such as the Cephalaspis Lyellii, so named
after its discoverer, by whom the specimen nere deposited was presented,
together with the equally remarkable Pterygotusf, both from Carmilye
quarries, Forfarshire ; — also various most instructive specimens of Coc-
costeus and Pterychthys, such as those of Coccosteus decipiens and
cuspidatus from Caithness and Cromarty, and that of Coccosteus
ohlongus from Lethenbar, presented by Major Cautley,

• By " Case 1, 2, 3, ^./*the divbions or compartmenti of the principal Wall
Cases are understood.

t The Pterygotus is, however, now again referred to the Crustacea by M,
Ag.issi2.

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Fossils.) 73

Among the Acanthodians and Dipteriatu (Cases 4 and 5, upper
shelves), both confined to the old red sandstone and carboniferous
formation, may be pointed out : of the former femily, the specimens of
the fine species Cheirolepis called CummingicB, aiter the late Lady
Gordon Gumming (presented by Sir Roderick Murchison) ; and of
the latter, several species of Osteolepis, chiefly frim Cromarty.

Of the family of Lepidoids (Cases 1 to 6), divided into genera
having invertebrated tails (homocerci) and those in which the vertebral
column is prolongated into the upper lobe of the tail (heterocerci):
among the former are a suite of specimens of various species of Tetra^
gonolepis of the lias, especially from Lyme Regis, such as T. spedosusy
confluens, pustulatus, Leachii; those of Dapediiis, especially of X>.
poUtus ; the several varieties of JD. Colei from the same locality, and
of JD. Orhis from Barrow, the best specimens of which were presented
by the late Countess of Aylesford; the fine group of Semionotua
JBergeri in lias, from the«neighbourhood of Coburg; specimens of
various species of LepidotuSf some of them gigantic, particularly
the original specimens, figured by Agassiz, of Z. Manteilii and Z.
Fittoni, from the Wealden of Sussex: the latter presented by
P. J. Martin, Esq. ; Z. GigaSj and other species from the oolite
and lias of England and WUrtemberg; — and, among those of the
second division, the suite of species of PaUBoniscus, chiefly from
th^ Zechstein and magnesian limestone of Thuringia and England,
the new red sandstone of Bohemia, &c.

Among the most prominent species belonging to the diflerent genera
of the Sauroids ( Cases 7 to 10), a family of which the remains occur
both in the oldest and in recent formations, are those of Megalichtki/Sf
especially M. Hibherti, of which yet imperfectly understood fish some
very instructive fragments are deposited, especially as illustrative
of the nature of its teeth, formerly mistaken for those of Saurian rep*
tiles ; also the several large species, not all equally well determined, of
JSauropsiSf chiefly from the lias of WUrtemberg; and the Pygopterm
Mumholdtii, the largest species of which is from the copper-slate of
Mansfeld: these genera belong to the heterocercal division of the
family. Among the homocercals may be particularized a suite of spe-
cies of Leptolepis, all of them from the beds of the oolitic limestone
formation, and to some of which, in the lithographic stone of Sohlen-
hofen, belong the vermicular bodies and impressions found in the same
locality, and to which, though they appear to be Coprolites, the name
of Coiolites (petrified intestines) has been oiven; — the specimens of
the scarce £itgnathus speciosus and of Ptgcholepis £oUensi8, from the
lias of Dorsetshire and WUrtemberg, &c

Among the Ccelacanths (Cases 11 to 13) maybe pointed out, as
more particularly interesting, one or two of the species from the De*
vonian system of Scotland and Russia; the instructive specimeq of
Holoptychius nobUissimus discovered in the old red sandstone of Clash-
binnie, near Perth, by the Rev. James Noble ; the specimens of G/yp-
tolepis leptopterua from Lethenbar ; specimens of a few of the smaller
species of Asterolepis, and (on the top of the Case) casts of bones of
tne head of Asterolepis Asmusii^ and of a related species, found in
the old red sandstone of Riga. Provbionally placed with the Ccelaoanths

7% NATUftAL UMTORY. (FomiIa.) [NOILTM

btegeninilfaefepoma.' tbe coiinpl«tt Mid beautiAil rake ofvpeci-
ment of ite prineipiu speciei, M. MaivUUi, from tlM chalk of SoMek*
formed part of the Mantellian colleotioiw

The PpcKodona (Cases 15, 16, lower sheivesX Several of the
specimens here deposited are illustrative of tbe character by which the
teeth of the fishes of this family may easily be distingmshed from those
of some placoid fishes. Among the largest of the teeth are those of some
species of Pyenodom, from the upper oolite, especially P. QigaMt and o€
Sphterodut Oigas, formerly described as petrified eves of tdads, 8tc ; also
the teeth of Plaeodu» CHgtu, from the Muschdkalk of FVanoonlay
deserve particular notice.

The family of Scleroderms ( Cases 15 and 16, middle shelves): amonfr
the species belonging to it^ in the oolleotion, are— a suite of specaiieBS
of iJercetia elongatus, diiefly from the chalk of Preston, near Brighton ;
the AcatUhopieurua serraimsf likewise from the chalk formation (slate
of Claris); and the Bhchitu kmgirottri8,^m Monte Bolca.

The third Order of fishes, the Ctenoios, or Ctbnolsfidoti
(so called from their scales being formed of layers, of which the uppers
most are denticulated or comb-toothed at their posterior margin) is
divided into the following ftmailtes— the Percoids, Sparoids, Scienoids,
Cottoids, Cobioidsy Aulostomes, Chetodons, Pleuronects, and MugiU
loids. The type of the first of them (Cases 17 and Id) is the perch ;
and of the three fossil species known, the Ptrca lepidota frraa
Oeningen, of which a remarkably perfect specimen is here deposited* is
the largest. Among specimens of other genera belonging to tbe Per-
coids may be mentioned the fine series from the Sussex chalk, of
B€iyx LewtskhsUj which (as also ^t of Dercetis, in thb Case)
formed part of Dr. Mantell's rich cdleotion; and three acaroe
species of Bhacdepw^ placed with them, are firom the cYnOk fbrmattion
ofBrasil.

Of tbe few fossil Sparoids, or Breams (Case 19), the SpamodmM
cvmHsi from Monte Bolca, and the Scimnunu Bowerbankii, ttoui
Sheppey, may be mentioned : bH the fishes of this £unily are fr^ott
more recent formations than the chalk, as is also the case vrith the
epecies of the Cottoids or Bullheads (Case 19, middle), the Ocboidi
or Gobies, and the Teuthies of Cuvier, arost of the fossil repreeent&'>
tives of which fknilies are from Monte Bolca.

The principal genus of the family of jliilostonNw (Case ^, lower
•helves) is Fistularia, one species fk which occurs at Monte Boloa;
the other, Fistidaria wuynifica (Egert CataL), in the Bngislale of
Canton Claris.

Among the fossil species belonging to the fomily of tbe Cbcetodmu
<Caie20, middle), all from Monte Bolca, and uKure recent tertiary liMm-
aHons, may be particularized the vety perfect specimen (mih counter-
part) of tint most singular fish, the Semiophanu vdj^, from the above
locality ; and a series of thos9 well-known osseous bodies found in the
eiag of Norfolk, which, when cut and polished, have the appearance of
marUed pebbles, but are reconiiscd by Agassic aa interapophysal bones
of a qpecies of Piattue called P, Woodwmrdi^

The ^imly of Pkunmeets ( Case 20, middle) is represented by one
genus only, namely Rkombtn, having one lossil speoies, the elegant it

GALLERY.] VAXUMJkh HISTORY. (FoitUf.) 76

mminnu, smaller than any of the reeent species, from Monte Bolca:
the specimen here preserved was presented, together with those of the
Semiophorus, by Chambers Hall, £s^

The last £imily of this order, the MvaUoidst ( Case 20, upper shelves,)
to which belongs the genus MugU^ with only one species, M, princtp$^
from the tertiary formation of Aix, in Provence ; uad, perhaps, also the
Colamopleurus cylindricus, from the chalk of Brazil, which, having
only slightly crenulated scales, appear to form a passage into

The fourth Order, the Cycloid Fishes, (so denominated from the
orbicular or elliptic form of the scales, consisUng of corneous Uyets,
and having thehr posterior margin entire,) is subdivided into the
AcoMthopUrygian. CydoidMf with the fdlowing fiimilies : — the Scom-
beroids, Sphyrsanoids, Labroids, Blennioids, Loplieoids ; and the
Malacopterygian CyMds, comprising the families of Cyprinoids,
Cyprinodons, Esocids, Halecoids, and Anguilliform fishes. None of
them have representatives ip formations prior to the chalk.

Among the most ancient of the family of ScomberoidSf Cuv. (Cases
21, 22), are the species of the genera PakBorhynchumf Palimphtfei,
ArehauSf Imnu, and AMenchetum, in the slate of Claris, of which
a suite of characteristic specimens is here deposited; the chalk of
Lewes has furnished instructive specimens exhibiting the deotition of
Knchodus halocyon. Among those from Monte Bolca, the more
. prominent are the Thynwus propterpgius^ the Orcynus elongatus, the
Carmagopsia dorsaks, the GoMteronemus rhombust &c. ; the heads, &c.,
of a species of Cybiunit from Sheppey, from which latter locality are
also some species of Tetrapterus, a genus of the family of Xipkmd$.
(Case 2a, onddle shelves. )

Of the fiimily of Sphyrtaioidt (Case 23, middle), the genera depo-
sited are mostly known only by portions of the jaws and teeth, which
were formerly mistaken for bones of reptiles ; such as those of the dif-
ferent species of Sanroeephahis described and figured in M. Agassiz*
greet work, where also are to be found several delineations from speei-
mMM forming part of the wsrie&QiHypBodom, LtwesiensiSi which is now
referred to a family distinct from the Sphyrenoids, namely the Scombro-
esocids of Miiller. (C!ase 24, middle.)

Ail species belonging to the family of the Cyprinoids or Carps
(Cwea 24, 25), are fre^water fishes. The most interesting of tho«e
here deposited are the large and most perfect specimens of Tinea
jyatotta and T, leptoaoma, and another species, from the slate of Oenin-
een, prhich is also the locality from whioi one of the smaller species of
J^euciscus derives its name ; the largest species of the latter genus,
X. Hartmanni, is from the tertiary formation of Steinheim, in Wiirtem-
beig; the small X. papyrac€u$y nrom the lignite called paper coal, of
Bonn and Bareuth, to which species also im impressions in semiopal,
from Bohemia, appear to belong.

Among the Esocids or pikes (Cases 24 to 27), the fine suite of
specimens of Esox lepidotus from Oeningen deserve particular notioSy
as likewise the large JSphenolepis sqttamosseust from Aix, in Provence,
and the Sphenolepis Cuvisrh of ^^y I'^ure occurrence in the gypsum
of Montmartre, and named after its illustrious discoverer, by whom it
was first noticed, ta his Meehercbes aur les OssemensfossUes.

The Halecoids (Cases 25 to 27, middle^ or Herrings, (a family con-
ms/wg of Cuvier's Clupese and Salmonioso^ but wmch have Utelv

76 NATUBAL HI«TOEY. (Fossils.) [NOSTK

-undergone still further subdivision,) begin with the chalk, and
are frequent in more recent formations: of those of the former
may be mentioned the Clupea Sckeuchzeri^ megapterat &c., from
the slate of Claris; and, above all, the considerable suite of spe-
-cimens (many of them figured in Agassiz' work) of Osmeroides, nrst
described as Sahno Lewesienais by Dr. Mantell, by whom they were
obtained from the quarries in the immediate vicinity of Lewes, and most
successfully extricated from the chalk ; — ^from the same locality, and
likewise from the Mantellian collection, are the almost unique specimens
«f Acrognaihus Boops and of Atdolepis typus, figured and provision-
ally placed with the Halecoids in the same work. To these are added
•specimens of the singularly preserved angmarset, {SalinoGrcenlandicus
of Bloch, MaUotus villostu of Cuvier,) which occur in the shape of
blender nodules or hard argillaceous mummies, at the Sukkertop, on
the West Coast of Greenland ; being perhaps the only instance of
identity of a fossil with a recent species of fish.

Of the two last families of this order of Cycloids, the AngvUliform

4ind the Gadoids^ no well determined species are extant in the collect

tion, except perhaps, of the former, a species or two of AnguiUa, from

Oeningen ; and oi the latter, the head of Ampheristus toliapicvs, from

Sheppey.

The Table Cases on the N. side of the Room are at present occu-
4)ied by various unarranged fossils, such as corallines, sponges, crinoidea,
•echinodermata, shells, &c. : these will hereafter be systematically ar-
jranged in this Room, and in Room YI.

The Wall Case at the East end of the Room is occupied by the
j*emains of ruminant mammalia. The most conspicuous specimen in
the Case is the skull of the Sivatherium, from the Sewalik Hills,
presented by Major Cautley.

The Wall Case at the West end of the Room contains remains of
various species of Rhinoceros, amongst which are a fine series of teeth,
and other parts of the two species found in this country — the Rhinoceros
iichorkinuSt and R. leptorkinus ; most of these specimens are from the
Pleistocene freshwater deposits of Essex.

In the centre of the Room is a complete skeleton of the large extinct
elk, bones of which are so frequently met with in the bogs of Ireland^
and which is occasionally found in some parts of England, and in
the Isle of Man. The present specimen is from the first-mentioned
locality : it is the Cervus megaceros and C giganteus of authors.

Room VI.

Room VI. is devoted chiefly to the osseous remains of the Pachy^
dermata and Edentata, which are at present under arrangement.

Among the specimens, the following may be particularized. A cast
of the skull and lower jaw of the Dinotherium, the originals of which
were found at Eppelsheim, forty miles N. W. of Darmstadt; a portion
of a lower jaw from Perim Island in the Gulf of Cambay, which is
regarded by Dr. Falconer as belonging to a second species of Dr-
notherium (the JD. Indicum of that author) : it was presented, together
with other mammalian remains, by Miss Pepper; tne skeleton of the
North American mastodon {M. OMoticua) together with numerous
parts of other individuals of the same species ; and a nearly perfect

GALLERY.] NATURAL HISTORY. (Fossils.) 77

cranium, and other portions of the South American mastodon (Jf.
Andium). Of the European mastodons, the collection contains re-
mains which have been referred to the M. angustidens, M. ArvemensiSf
and M. longirostris. Three species of Indian mastodons have been
founded, in the " Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis" of Falconer and Cautley,
upon remains in the collection: they are the M, Perimensis, M,
SivalensiSf and 3f. laiidens of that work, in which, it may be
observed, are figured the greater portion of the specimens here
noticed. The elephant remains, in Room VI., are referred by Dr.
Falconer to the following species, viz. : — Elephas prisons (?) E.
meridionaUs, E. primweniust from the European tertiary formations ;
and E. bombifronst JE, Ganesa, E, insignis, E, planifrorUf E. Hy^
sudrtcus, and E. Namadicus, from India. A large portion of the
Indian specimens form part of the highly valuable collection presented
by Major Cautley, Bengal Artillery, to whose indefatigable exertions
science is indebted for the formation of a rich assemblage of fossil
remains obtained in the Sewalik, or Sub- Himalayan range, situated
between the Jumna and Sutlej rivers. For many valuable speci-
mens in the series the Museum is also indebted to Dr. Falconer.
Casts of several very interesting specimens presented by the Honour-
able Court of Directors of the India Company, numerous specimens
(including the skull of the Elephas Namadicus) presented by Charles
Frazer, ^q., and others presented by Colonel Bumey and by Major
Baker, Bengal Engineers, have contributed to perfect the extensive
series of mammalian remains here exhibited. The most striking
specimen — ^the skull of the Elephas Ganesa — which is placed in the
middle of the room, is the gift of the last-mentioned gentleman.

A very interesting object is the cast of the skeleton of the Mega-
therium, a genus of Edentata established by Cuvier from the only
species known, the Megatherium Americanum of Blumenbach, (Me'
gath, Cuvieri or Cuverii of later writers) : the bones from which the
casts of the several parts were taken are preserved partly in the
Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and partly in cases near
the skeleton.

At the west end of the Room is the fossil human skeleton, embedded
in limestone, brought from Guadaloupe, by Admiral the Hon. Sir
Alexander Cochrane, and presented to the British Museum by the
Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

On either side of this skeleton are arranged various mammalian re-
mains, found in caverns; the case to the rignt of the centre is occupied
with remains from the caverns of Kirkdale, in Yorkshire, and from the
cavern called " Kents Hole," at Torquay, Devonshire, together with
specimens from the caverns of Gaileureuth, in Franconia; and the
specimens arranged in the Case on the left are from the caverns of
IMinas Geraes, in Brazil.

The Table Cases in this room contain an extensive series of fossil
bivalve shells of the class BracMopoda, a collection of spiral univalves
(Gasteropoda) from the Tertiary strata, and various Zoophytes.

G. B. WATERHOUSE.

AprU 4, 1853.

ALPHABETICAL LIST

MINERALS IN THB NORTH GALLERY,

isasffiis

Boiuku:Ul,3S.

CeybooiU, IS.

Clikbuitt.a7.

ESSfc*

aiii«iiu,>7.

Alb«l.3t.

B«iifte.7.

*5&'sr^'*

3*.

.i^^k'^

tSK!."-

gS:^ "■

chUdiS,"*'"'

AtaumiU, 59.

, Br>Dd-en, 8.
nninaeiBe. «.

ChlortdM.M.

Aij,|thfi:wi«t^. -j^^. M.

b™«.i«m».

iass:.%.

B«rtri»,»,

AitinlW.«.

ChoDlcTiu, »■

fialliiritc, 34.

Boimttt, BB.

Chrnrne-mmat, 38.

BnokIM, K.

Ohl«.,(,Jd^M.

sssr*^.

isaaiu

Bpotm-ao.!, 80. Dchre.M.

ProwTivlniiitoiie.lS. ChiDniju,^.

ADdieoliM, «.

Brodu.MA.

ChTKhBTLlB.

jStS'm.

'.uljih.W.IW.

Chiywilitt , BE.

B.,TW.,JH.

JffiSSRS-

IKSK'i"'

Buntkupfei. 7-

ciSS^-mn..

BuHunllt.M.

•80

KAT0BAL BlStOfty^

[koet tt

KobelUte, It.
Kohlenblende, 4.
Konigine, 56.
Kou^olite, 98.
Kraurite, 16.
KroXalite, 27.
Krokydolite, 34.
Kupferschaum, 49.
Kyanite, 26.
Labradorite, 29.

Limeftoue.fetid, 48.

magnesian, ^.

staJactiCt 45.

tufaceousy 46.

Linarite* 56.
Lirioconite. 56.
Lithia-inica,32.58A.
Lithomarge* 25.
Liver-ore, 9.
Liver-pyrites, 6.
Loboite, 35.

Lanarkite, 55.

Laui« comensis, 3S. Lomonite, 28.

Lapis-lazuli, 55. Longidite, 6.

LumacheUamarble,
45 A.

Lydian-stone, 21.

Maclurite, 58.

Madreporite, 46.

Magnesia, alumi-
nate, 19.

arseniate, 57 A. borate, 39.

brown, 54. carbonate, 45.

"—• phosphate, 57*

^— silicate, 26.

sulphate, 55.

Magnesite, 47.

Malachite, 51.

Lasionite, 57«
Latrobite, 31.
4«auTnontite, 28.
Lavezso, 32.
Laaulite, 55.
Lead, aluminate,
19.

carbonate, 49.
chloride, 59.
' chromate, 39*
green, 54.
■green, 57 A.

molybdate, 39. Ma

— — niuno>carbo

nate, 59.
-^—native, 1.
——oxides, 18.
— phosph-arseni

ate, 57 A.

acolite, 34.

Malacone, 26.
Ma thacite, 25.
Mangan-blende, 5.
Manganese, carbo-
nate, 48.
oxides, 13.

phosphate,57A. phosphate, 57.

— — red, 41.

— — sulphate, 55.

— — sulphato-car-

bonate, 55.
•— sulphuret, 8.
— — tungstate, 40.
— — vanadiate, 38.
— ^ white, 49.
— - yellow, 40.
Lead-spar, 49.
Lead-vitrioI,55.
Ledererite, 37.
Leelite, 22.
Lentil-ore, 56.
Lenzinite,26.
Leonhardite, 28.

silicate, 26.
-— sulphuret, 5.
Manganese-spar, 48<
Manganite, 13.
Marcasite, 6.
Marceline, 13.
Marie, 46.
Mascle, 37
Masonite. 33.
Matlockite, 59.
Meerschaum, 25*
Me1[onite,31.
Melan-glance, 11*
Melanite, 36.
Melantherite, 55.
Melilite,36.

Lepidolite, 32. 68 A. Mellite, 60.
Lettsomlte, 55. Menacanite, 37.

Leuchtenbergite>

32.
Leucite, 30.
Levine. 27.
Libethenite, 57.
Lievrit, 34.

Mendipite, 59.
Menilite, 24.
Mercury, native, 3.

chloride, 60.

— — muriate, 60.
sulphuret, 9.

Lime, arseniate, 56. Mesitine-spar, 49.
——carbonate, 42— Mesotype,27.
48. MesoIite,27.

— fluate, 59. Metaxite, 34.

— nitrate, 55. Meteorites, 1.
— — phosphate, 53. Miargyrite, 11.

sulphate, 54. Mica, 32.

tung8Ute,40. Microlite, 38.

garnet, 36.

Limestone, com-
pact, 4.

— granular, 46.

— fibrous, 45.

Miemite, 47.
Millerite, 6.
Miniimi, native, 18.
Mispickel, 12.
Misy, 55.

MolybdatM, 40.
Molybden-glance,

12.
Molybden-ochre,

39.
Molybdenite, 12.
Molybdic acid, 40.
Mooacite, 57.
MonticeUite, 25.
Moonstone, 29.
Morvenite, 29.
Moroxite, 53.
Mosandrite, 37.
Mountain-blue, 51.
Mountain-cork, 34.
Mountain-wood, 34.
MulUcite,57.
Murchisonite, 30.
Muriacite, 54.
Mussite, 34.
Nagyag-ore, 3.
Naker-teldspar,29.
Naphtha, 60.
Natrolite, 27.
Needle-ore, 9.
Needle-stone, 27*
Nemalite, 25.
Nepheline,31.
Nephrite, 29.
Nerchinskite,26.
Nickel-blende, 6.
Nickel-green, 5Q,
Nickel-ochre, 1 7.
Nickel,arseniate,56.

arseniuret, 4.

Nickel, sulphuret, 6.
Nigrine, 37.
Nitre, native, 52.
Nontronite, 26.
Nosine, 37.
Nussierite, 57 B.
Nuttallite, 31.
Obsidian, 31.
Octahedrite, 37.
CErstedtite, 37.
Oisanite, 37.
Okenite, 28.
Oligist-iron, 14.
Oligoclase, 30.
Olive-malachite, 54.
Olivenite, 56.
Olive-ore, 56.
Olivine, 25.
Ollite, 32.
OnoArite, 4.
Oosite, 32.
Opal, 24.
Orpiment,ll.
Orthite,37,38.
Orthoclase, 29.
Osm-iridium,2.
Ostranite, 26.
Palladium, 2.
Parga8ite,33.
Paulite, 34.
Pea-iron ore, 16.
Pearl-sinter, 21.
Pearl-spar, 47.
Pearl-stone, 31,
Pea-stone, 46.
Pectolite, 29.
Pelioraa, 36.

Pennine, 39l
Percylite,£9.
Periclinc, 30.
Peridot, 25.
PerowskiU, 37*-
Petalite, 31.
Petroleum, 60*
Phacolite, 28.
Pharmacolite, 56.
Pharmacoslderitey

56.
Phenacite, 37.
Philipsite, 29.
Phosgenite, 57 B.
Phosphorite, 54.
Phosphyttrite, 67..
Picrolite, 25.
Pigotite, 60.
Pimelite, 25..
Pinguite, 26»
Pinite. 38.
Pistaate, 35.
Pitch-coal, 60.
Pitch-ore, 17.
Pitticite, 57.
Plagionite, 12.
Plasma, 23.
Platinum, 2.
Pleonaste, 19.
Plomb-gomme, 19.
Plumosite, 10.
Polianite, 13.
Polyadelphite, 36.^
Polyargite, 28.
Polybasite, 11.
Polyhalite, 55.
Polyhydrite, 26.
Polymignite, 37.
Polysphserite, 64.
Poonahlite, 28.
Porcelain-jasper, 24»
Porcelain-spar, 3iO.
Potassa, nitrate* 64*
Potstone, 32.
Prase, 22.
Praseolite, 32.
Prehnite, 29.
Psilomelane, 13.
Pycnite, 58.
Pyrallolite,
Pyrargillite, 32.
Pyrgome, 34.
Pyrites, magnetic, 6»
Pyrochlore, 37.
Pyrolusite, 13.
Pyromorphite, 57 A.
Pyrope, 36.
Pyrophyllite, 32.
Pyrophysalite, 58.
Pyrorthite, 37, 38.
Pyrosmalite, 68.
Pyroxene, 34.
Quartz, 21, 22.
Quicksilver, native^

2.
Quincite,24.
Raphilite, 33.
Realgar, 11.
Retinasphalt, 60»
Retinite, 60.
Rhenite,67.
Rhodochrome« 8S»

6ALLBRY.]

Rhodonite, fi6>
Rhomb-spar) 40.
Riband-jasper, 24.
Ripidolite, 32.
Rock<K!rystal,2.
Rool^-sait, 59.
Rock- wood, 34.
Roestone, 46.
Romanzovite, 36.
Roschffewiurhs, 11.
Roselite,31.
Rubeliane, 32.
RubeUite,40.
Ruby, 19.
Ruby-copper, 17.
Ruby-siiver, 11.
Rutile, 37.
Ryacolite, 31.
Rypidolite, 32.
Sal ammoniac, 59.
Sahlite,34.
Salt, common, 59.
Saltpetre, 52.
Sammet-ertz, 58.
Sanidine, 30.
Sapphire, 19.
Sapphirine, 19.
Sassoiine, 39.
Satin-spar, 45.
Sau8surite,31.
Sc8polite,31.
Scarbroite, 26.
Schaalenblende, 5.
Scheelite, 38.
Scheel-lead, 38.
Scheererite, 60.
Scherbenkobalt, .
Schiller-spar, 35.
Sdiriftertz, 3.
Schrdtteiite, 26.
Scolicite, 27.
Selenite,54.
Seleniurets, 4.
Selenium-sulphur,

4.
Serpentine, 25.
Shell-limestone,

45 A.
Shorl, 38.
Siberite, 38.
Siderite, 48.
Sideroschixolite, 26.
Silica, 25, 26.
SilUmanite, 26.
Silver, antimonial,

3.
— - auriferous, 3.
— — chloride, 59.
—— hydrarguret, 2.
.— - muriate, 60.
^•^ native, 2.

MATUBAL HldtOftY.

Silver, red, 11.
— ^itibiulret,3.
— — sulphuret, 10.
—— bromide, 59.
Silver-blende, 11.
Silver-copper-

f;lance, 10.
ver-glance, 10.
Sinter, siliceous, 21.
Skorodite, 56.
Slate-spar, 45.
Slickenside, 8.
Smaragdite,31.
Smithsonite, 26.
Soapstone, 25.
Soda, borate, 39.

carbonate , 41 .

— - muriate, 59.

nitrate, 55.

.— sulphate, 52.
Sodalite, 57 B.
Sodium-chloride,59.
Somervillite, 35.
Sordawalite, 36.
Spadaite,26.
Sparkles, 6.
Spartalite, 17.
Sphserolite, 38.
Spherosiderite, 48.
Sphene, 37.
Spinel, 19.
Spinellane, 37.
Spodumen,30.
Staurolite, 36.
Steatite, 25.
Steinheilite. 36.
Steinmannite, 8.
Sterlingite, 17.
Sternbergite, 10.
Stilbite,28.
Stilpnomelane, 26.
Stinksttme, 48.
Stolzite, 38.
Stones, meteoric, 1.
Stromeierite, 7.
Strontia, carbonate,

41.
— sulphate, 53.
Strontianite, 41.
Struvite, 60 A.
Sulphur, native, 5.
Sulphurets, 5—13.
Sulphuric-acid, 5.
Sun-opal, 24.
Sun-stone, 29.
Surturbrand, 60.
Suzannite, 55.
Tachylite, 33.
TagiUte, 59.
Tate, 32.
Talcapatite, 57 B.

Tantalite, 38.
Tarnoviclte, 41.
Tellurets, 3.
Tellurium, 3.
Tennantite, 7.
Tenorite, 17.
Tephroite, 26.
Teratolite, i5»
Tesselite, 27.
Tetradyroite, 3.
Thallite, 35.
Tharandite, 47.
Thenardite, 52.
Thomsonite, 27.
Thorite, 26.
Thulite, 35.
Tile-ore, 17.
Tilkerodite, 4.
Tin, oxide, 18.

sulphuret, 9.

Tincal,41.
Tin-pyrites, 9.
Tin-stone, 18.
Tinder-ore, 38.
Titan-shorl, 37.
TiUnite, 37.
Titanium,!.
Tombadte, 6.
Topaz, 58.
Tourmaline, 40.
Trauben-ertz, 57 A.
Tremolite, 33.
Triplume, 30.
Triphyline, 57.
Triplite, 57.
Trona,41.
Troostite, 26.
Tshefklnite, 38.
Tufa, calcareous,

46.
Tungsten, 38.
Turquois, 57.
Uralorthite, 38
Uranite, 57.
Uran-mica,57.
Uran-ochre, I7.
Uranotantalite, 38.
Uran-vitriol, 55.
Uranium, oxide, 17.

phosphate, 57.

sulphate, 55.

Uwarowite, 36.
Valentinite, 38.
Vanadates, 38.
Vauquelinite, 39.
Vesuvian, 35.
Velvet-ore, 55.
Vermilion, native,

9.
Villarsite, 25.
Violane,35.

81

Vitriol, blue, 58.
Vitriol, jgreen, 56.
— ^ white, 55.
Vitriol-roth, 55.
Vivianlte, 57*
Volborthite, 38.
Volcanite, 4.
Wad, 13.
Wagnerite, 67.
Wavellite, 57-
Web6terite,55.
WehrUte, 34.
Weiss-ertz, 12.
WeissgQIIig-erz, IK
Weissite, 32.
Wemerite,31.
Wichtyne, 33.
Willemite, 26.
WilUamsite, 34.
Withamite,35.
Witherite,41.
WOhlerite, 3ft.
Wolfram, 38.
Wolkonskoite, 39
Wollastonite, 25.
Wolnyne, 52.
Wood-opal, 24.
Wood-stone, 22.
Wood-tin, 18.
Wootz-ore, 15.
WOrthite, 26.
Wulfenite, 39.
Xanthophyllite, 25;.
Xenolite, 26.
Yenite, 34.
You-stone, 28.
Yttria, carb., 49.

phosph., 57.

Yttrium fluoride,

59.
Yttrocerite,58.
Yttroilmenite, 49.
Yttrotantahte, 38.
Yttrotitanite, 37.
Zeagonite, 29.
Zeolites, 27, 28.
Zinc, carbonate, 49..
——silicate, 26.
— sulphate, 55.

sulphuret, 5,

Zinc-blende,
Zinc-bloom, 49.
Zinc-ore, red, 17»
Zinc-spar, 49.
Zinc-vitriol, 55.
Zinkenlte,ll.
Zinkite, 17.
Zircon, 26.
ZIrconite, 26.
Zobite,35.
Zunder-ertz,40..

GALLERY OF AKTIQUITifiS.

The «xt6iiaTe acquisitioiit that lnv« moMdj been made ia die
Departenent of Antiouities, and the alteratioiu and enlargefnents ^of
the builikig, lequirea to nrevide for the AiBjnaa and o£or o^Iee-
tioBi, have oaade it impoaiible as jet to arrange the galleries in tmj hmt
a tempoiary manner. Undl tlie new rooms destgaed for the later
Greek and Reman Seulptoies are completed* objects winch at ia ia.
tended ultimately to collect, and exhibit in dmmological sequenee, are
necessarily scattered. The frequent remoivl of the marbles £nmi
room to room, which is aeoesBiry to fwilitirte ihe progress of the woifcs
without impe^g the access of i^sitots and students, would render aivy
detailed description of a large portion of the collection inappUc^iIe
to llieir position after the lapse m a few weeks or monlbs. Thoae ob-
jects» therefore, which are now being, or intended forthwi^ to be^
trane^rred to «ew situations, are mentioned only generally in the f^~
lowing account

ROOM I.

This room, which it is proposed eTentually to give up to the BriliA
and Anglo- Roman Antiquities, is at present partly occupied by a par-
tion of the collection of IAm bite Charles Towneley, Esq.*

Immediately to the left of the door on entering is the front of a tomb,
inscribed with the name of Trfphon, son of Eutychus, who is i«pre-
sented in high relief, holdmg a strigil in his riffbt hand. From AtUn8.

Immediately to the right of the door is the Iront of a tomb, on whioh'
jffe sculptured in rriief two youthful male figures, apparently an athlete
and slave. From Delos. Presented hy A, E. Impey, Esq^ 1825.

The waU under the windows is divided into six compartments, fiv«
of wbich are occupied by the

ANGLO-ROMAN ANTIQUITIES.

COMPARTMENT X.

On the wall, a portion of a tesselated pavement, discovered at WUb-
ingfton, Oloucesterslnre, fepresenting Ae head of Neptune. jht-
Mented hy H. Brooke, E^g,, 1812.

Underneath, ancient sarcophagus of cylindric^d riiape, wkh base and
cover of rude unhewn stone, having in the centre a small hole; dis-
covered in 1831, at Harpenden, near St Alban's. In this sarcophanis
were found a glass vase, and four sm^l vases of red Roman ware,
which are incorporated in the collection of British Antiquities. JRu-
sented hy C. W, Packe, Esq,, M,P„ 1843.

Front of First Pilaster, — A Roman altar to JEsculapius and For-
tuna Redux, erected by some freedmen and slaves on the restoration
of their master to health. On one side are the rod and snake of

n™^ V'^^K^^i^S? raenUoned in the description of this and of the succeeding
Room , of which the former proprietors are not specified, belonged to the Townelev
coUecUon. More ample descriptions, with Plates, of a considerable portion ^

Sfpff.lP^^'^K'^'^^^^^^J^^^^l***"* ^° P^'ts. References to Se Parts, aid to
the Plates, are here annexed to the notices of the objects themselves.

jtooxT.j AMAUKioMAK ▲unairiTiss. (13

.j£i«iiftat end sftcrilkM imtrumenlB. On llic other are £keeoniii-
copJgB and rudder of Fortune, a patera and jug. Fomui near the
Wmt9^al9, OkMer, in 1779; prestmtfdif SirPh, de Ualpn Grey

Sfftrtonif McTt,f 1896.

If.

On the wall, four otber perdons of the Withington pavement. N|ire-
sentififf birds and animals.

Unaeraeatb, three Roman altars, with bas-reliefe in front, «ne re-
present!!^ Ceres, the other two Mars or Romulus. Found at JSSau
Stanley, in Gloucestershire; pmented by the Bev, P. Hawker^ lSl£

Two other altars very similar.

Plain Roman altar. Found hy Dr. Ormerod in a tumulms, ImU
bury Pmrk, Hfonmouthshire, Presented by thfi Archcp-ohgieal Jhstiiuie
of Crreat Britain and Ireland, 1851.

Front of Second Pilaster, — An altar with a Greek inscription, de-
dicated by Diodora, a high priesteu to the Tyrian Hercules ; on one
side is a bull's head, on the other a sacrificing knife, and crown.
Found at Corbridg^ Ner^nmberland. Presented by the Duke of
Nor0iunAerkini, in 1774.

COMFJkBTMSNT lit.

On the wall, two more portions of the Withington pavement, and a
fragment of the border of a tesselated pavement discovered at Wood-
che^r, Gloucestershire; presented by Samuel Lysons, Esq., 1808.

Underneath : Roman sarcophagus, discovered at Binstead, in Hamp-
^re. h contained, when foond, several very small earthen vessels.
Presented by Henry Long, Esq., 1851.

A stone sarcophagus found at Southfleet, in Kent, within the site of
a huildmg fifty feet square, in the year 1831 ; in the sarcophagus wene
two glass vessels, each containing burnt bones, and much liquid ; be-
tween them two pairs of shoes of purple leather embroidered vnih
gold. Near the sarcophagus were found the remains of a wooden box,
^1h the brass clamps and round-headed brass nails by which it was
held together, and mtti them two bottles of red pottery, and two pans
of the same, on which were some ashes and two small rib bones. At
some little distance was found a globular earthen vessel, which con-
-tsiffid some bnnrt hemes, and the remaioa oi a small glass bottle, and
is capable of holdn^ about six gi^oos. All these objects are pre-
^ierved in the Britira Roeoi np'Staas. Preserved by the Rev, J.
Bushleigh, in 1836.

Front 'if Third PUmStery-^Bhe Ronsn pigs of lead, viz. : —

A ^ w lead, insenked with the name of the Emperor Domitian
^fvinnlie was consul for ihe ei^tti time, a.d. 82, weighing 154 lbs.
It was disctfvered in 1381 under gMund, on Hajrshaw Moor, ki
the West Riding of Yorkshire, half-way between an ancient lead
mine, north of Pat^def 'BmlgK, md the Roman road from Dkley,
OUcana, to Aldborough, Isurium, Bequeathed by Sir J. Ingleby,
'Mart, andprwented hf his EoMOutors, 1 772.

. A pig of lead, imoribed with the name of the Emperor Hadrian,
weighing 191 lbs. ; found in 1796 or 1797, at Snailbeadi Farm,

84 OALLEE^r OF ANTIQUITIES. [ROOM I.

Parish of Wcstbury, 10 miles s. w. of Shrewsbury. Pfe»ented iy J.
Lloyd, Esq., 1798.

A pig of lead, inscribed with the name of the Emperor Hadrian,
weighmg 125 lbs. Found on Cromford Moor, in Derbyshire. JVe-
sented, in 1797, by A. Woolley and P. Nightingahy Esqs.

A pig of lead, inscribed with the name of L. Aruconius Verecundus,
and the letters metal, lvtvd, probably the mine of LutudtB. Found
near Matlock Bank, in Derbyshire. Presented by A. WooUey and
P, Nightinaale, Esqs,

A pig of lead, inscribed cl.tr. lvt . br . ex . arc, found with
three other pigs, and some broken Roman pottery, at Broomer's
Hill, in the parish of Pulborough, Sussex, January 31, 1824, close to
the Roman road. Stone Street, from London to Chichester. For a
pig of lead with a similar inscription, found on Matlock Moor, Derby-
shire, see Archseologia, ix. p. 45. Present^ by the Earl ofEgremonty
July 10, 1824.

compartment IV.

On the wall. Portion of tesselated pavement, discovered under the
south-west angle of the Bank of England, 1805. Presented by the
Governor of the Bank of England, 1806.

Underneath : A large stone vessel in form of half an octagon ; on
four of the sides are sculptured busts in high relief, viz., Venus hold*
ing a mirror; Jupiter; Mercury with a caduceus; and Mars with a
spear. It was first noticed by Horsley lying neglected in the mill at
Chesterford, Essex. It was afterwards procured by Dr. Foote Gower
from a blacksmith who had used it as a cistern for cooling his irona;
from whose widow it was received 9Xid presented by T, Brand Hollis,
Esq., in leOS,

Roman sepulchral inscription to Gaius Valerius, of Lyons, standard-
bearer of the Second Legion. Discovered on the bank of the river
U£k, near Caerleon, in Monmouthshire. Sloane Collection.

Front of Fourth Pilaster. — Portion of the upper stone of a Roman
mill, found at the foot of London Wall, at the oack of Trinity House
Square. Presented by W. J, Hall, Esq., 1852.

COMPARTMENT V.

On the wall : portion of a tesselated pavement discovered in Thread*
jieedle Street, London. Presented by Mr, Moxhay, 1841.

Underneath : portion of a sepulchral inscription to Fabius Alpinu»
Classicianus ; scroll termination, probably the end of the lid of a large
sarcophagus, of which the inscription may have formed part ; sepul*
chral inscription, much worn, to A. Alfidius Rombo(?). These Aree
objects were discovered at the foot of London Wall, behind Trinitj
House Square, and presented by W* J. Hall, Esq., 1852.

GREEK AND ROMAN SCULPTURES.

Front of Fifth Pilaster »— Small statue of Ceres, wearing the sphet^
done, veiled, and bearing a torch. From Athens. Presented ou X
S. Gashoin, Esq., 1836.

ftOOM I.] GREEK AND ROMAN SCULPTURES. 85

COMPARTMENT VI.

On the wall: portion of a tesselated pavement, representing the
head of Neptune. From Carthage. Presented hy Hudson Gumeif,
Esq.

Undemeadi, a cistern of green basalt, originally used as a bath; on
the sides are carved two rings in imitation of handles.

Terminal head of Bacchus.

In the recesses on either side of the door are placed some Greek
sepulchral tablets, which will shortly be removed.

COMPARTMENT VII.

On the Upper Shelf. — Two lions' heads. Six unknown busts, and
two bas-reliefs.

Lower Shdf.

Head, supposed to be one of the Dioscuri, but more probably
Mercury. Found near Rome,

Female head, found near Genzano in 1784. Pt. 10. PI. xvii.

Bust of Serapis.

Unknown head.

Bust of Roman personage.

Head of Adonis.

Head, supposed to be that of Decebalus, found in the Forum of
Trajan.

Head of a philosopher.

Bust of Jupiter. Pt 10. PI. i.

Bust of Roman lady.

Head of a Muse crowned with laurel. From Frascati. Pt. 10. PI. iiu

Underneath.

Ko. 30. Terminal head of Bacchus.

Fortune standing.

No. 2. A funenil urn, ornamented with equestrian and pedestrian
combatants : formerly in the collection of Victor Amadei, at Rome ;
whence it was purchased in 1768. Pt 1. PI. n.

No. 12. Bas-relief, representing a bacchante and two satyrs. Dis*
covered at Civita Vecchia, in 1776.

In the pedestal to this bas-relief are inserted masks.

A fimeral urn, with a snake on the rim.

No. 45. A statue of Actseon attacked by his dogs. It was found
by Mr. Gavin Hamilton, in 1774, in the ruins of the villa of Antoninus
Pius, near Civita Lavinia. Pt. 2. PI. XLV.

Terminal head of Mercury.

Terminal statue of a female, supposed to represent the Venus Ar-
chitis of the Syrians. Found, in 1775, about six mites from TivoH,
Pt 2. Pt XXV.

Infrrofd of Seventh Pilaster. — Colossal head of an unknown per-
sonage.

Altar dedicated to Silvanus, by Callistus, the farm servant of Caius
Cselius Heliodorus. On it is placed

A terminal representation of Bacchus and Libera joined back to
back. Found by Mr. Gavin Hamilton, in an excavation in the neigh*
bourhood of Rome. Pt. 2. PI. xvu.

05 GAXLE&Y OF ANTIQUITIGS. [EOOM (•

COMPAETMfiNT VnT.

Uppwr ShMi — ^Bos-reKef, from the front of the cover of a sarcopha-
gut» representniff liz recumbent Amazons, with their weapons. iFbr-
merl^ m the cmectUm of Cardinal Passionei at the CamaldoUf near
FnueatL Pt. 10. PI. xlt.

Small circular bas-relief, representing a satjrr playing on the double
flute.

Sarcophagus representing Cupids carrying off the armour of Mars ;
on the shield is an inscription to SalHistius Jasins, the adopted child
of Domitius, a steward of the imperial household, and his wife
Sallustia. Found at TStscuIum, and formerh in the collection of
Cardinal Pasiianei, in the Hermitaae at CamaUolL Pt. 10. PL xlyi.

Lower Shelf — Bust, probably of Otacilia Severe, the wife of te
Emperor Philip. From Rome, Pt. 10. PI. xiv.

Bust of Faustina junior. Pt 10. PL x.

Bust of Domitia, wife of the Emperor Domittan* Found in the VtSa
Casali, upon the Esquilme Hill, 1775. Pt la PL Tin.

Bust of Olympias ; dedicated to her memory by ber freedman Epi-
thymetus ; from the character of the head-dress this bust is probably
of the time of Trajan. From Edmund Burh^e collection.

A bust of Julia Sabina, wife of the Emperor Hadrian. Pt. 10. PL ix.

Bust of Faustina the youni^er, wife of the Emperor M. AurdUus.
Much injured by cleaning. Presented by Peter Ducane, Esq,

A bust of ^lius Csesar. Bequeathed by R, P. ^ught. Esq,

A bust of Augustus. Formerly in the collection ofE, Bwhe,

Bust of Tiberius. Same.

Bust of Julius Csesar.

Underneath, — No. 35. Terminal statue of Pan playing upon a pipe*
Found near Civita Lavinia.

A bas-relief, representing the Apotheosis, or Deification of Homer.
Thd Father of Poetry is seated on a tfaroae at tibe foot of Mount
Paraassus, the residence of the Muses. Before the poet is a group
of fissures offering up sacrifices to him. Above are Apotto and
. the Nine Muses ; and on die summit of the mountain is Jufnter, who
appears to be giving his sanction to the divine honours which are paid
to Homer. This highly interesting bas-relief was found about the
middle of the 17th centurv, at Frattwshi, the ancient BoviUm; on the
Appian road, ten miles nrom Roaoie. It was for many years in the
Colonna Palace, at Rome» and was purdiaaed for the British Museum
in the year 1819, at the expenae of £1000.

Inscription recording tne erection of a mausoleum by Tiberius
Claudius PfaUetus for himself and his funUy.

A Case containing the fiOowing artides: — Small terminal head of
the bearded Bacchus, in yellow marble. From the coUectimi qfSvr
Bane Sloane, Small tcarmiiMd heads of Bacchus and Libera, joined
back to back. A small terminal head of Libera. From the coU ee l i e n
ef Mr W. &umiton. A amall mask of SOenus. Same, Three
small terminal heads of Libera, in red and yellow marble. Same.
A Todve flMjrUe horn. A sbmU tenninal head of Libera, with a
wiMtfa cf ivy leaves ; reddish ydlow maiMe. From the coBection 0f
Sir W, Hamilton, Head of Anthaous, an bas^reliel A femie he a 4

AQOM k] GREEK AND ROMAN SGCTLPTUAES.

ike hair of whieh is formed <^ a distinct piece of marble, and is itted
to the head in the manner of a wig, perhaps reatored. A small head
of a young man, covered mth a helmet, which is ornamented with
the horns of a ram. Fhrm tkg coUeethn qfSir W> HamOton. Stem
CMf a candelabrum, ornamented with four giyphons and two candelabra.
Head of a female child, the hair gathered up at the back of the head
in the style prevalent about the time iA Severus ; the hair has been
coloured red. Brought from Home m 17851. Bust of a youth, willi
the hair curled in two looks at one side of the head. Ifead of L.
Yerus ; from a baB-relie£ Head ef Jiwiter, from the angle of a sar-
cophagus. Bust of Serapis. Bust of Hercules.

On the Case, Mithraie group, representing a youth in Phrygian
attire sacrificing a bull, with the usual accompaniments of the scorpion,
serpent, and doe ; and two smaller figures in Phrygian attire, one with
«n inverted tordi, the other holdinff up the tail of the bull. Near the
bull's hind feet are the remains of those of a. raven ; it is inscribed on
both sides with a dedication to the solar god Mithras, by Alcimus, a
farm servant of T. CL Livianus.

On each side a disk, one widi an eagle on it, the other, bearing a
head of Pan.

Lower half of a draped female statue : it rests on a small cippus,
in front of which, Silenus mounted on a panther, holding a thyrsus,
mod above, two cymbals united by a. cord. Pt. 10. PI. LV. fig. 1.

Small fountain, ornamented with bas-feliefe of Satyrs and Pans.

Female statue draped, the head lost It rests on a cippus oma-
mended with wreaths, bkds, kc*

Bas-relief representing a Victory pouring out a libation to Apollo,
who appears in his diaracter of Mniaagttes, From Sir WOiam
Bami&in,

Over the last is a small bas-relief, representing four figures engaged
in cookinff.

. Capid m the character of Somnus, sleeping on the lion's skin of
Hercules, with the club of the hero at his side ; a lizard is crawting
Aowatds him.

In the pedestal is inserted an inscription, in verse, to a dog named
Margarita. Sloune CoUectim,

A colossal toe.

In front cf ike Eighth Pilaster^^^A mutilated statue of Hymen.

COMPABTMBNT IX.

Vjpper Sh^. — Bas-r^ief of a man rather bald, bending down.
Pt. 10, PI. Lvn. fig. 1.

Front of a sarcophagus, representing the Nine Muses in the following
order: Clio, the muse of history, with a style and tablet; CaUiope, the
muse of epic poetry ; Erato, the muse of amatory poetry ; Melpomene^
with the mask and club of tra|^y ; Euterpe, holcmig the double pipes ;
Thalia, with the pedum and mask of comedy ; Terpsichore, with the
\jm of dancing ; Urania, with the celestial globe ; Polyhpinia, the
muse of myths, leaning on her column. Its workmanship is as \aie as
the end of the 2ad oentuty, a.d. It was cbiakud hp Mr. Townky
from the Vilia MontaUo. Pt. 10. PI. xltv.

86 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [eOOM I.

Bust in relief, similar to the first on the shelf. Pt 10. PI. ltii. fig. ±

Lower Shelf. — Unknown bust

Unknown bust of a military personage.

Bust of Caracalla, in the paludamentum and armour. Found in the
gardens of the nttns at the Quatro Fontane on the EsquUine JSiUy at
Home. Pt 10. PI. XII.

A bust of Gordian the elder, draped in a toga with a peculiar fold
supposed to have been called the lorum, Pt 10. PI. xui.

oust of a young man of the time of the Antonines, draped in the
toga ; inscribed with a dedication by the decemviri stKtibus judicandis.
Found at Romty 1776. Pt. 10. PL XVL

Bust of the Emperor Hadrian, draped in the paludamentum and
armour. Found on the site of Hadnan*8 Villa, at TivolL Pt. 1(X
PL VIII.

Bust of the Emperor Septimius Severus, draped in the paluda-
mentum. Found in that part of the Palatine Hill now occupied by
the Villa Magnanu Pt. 10. PL xi.

Bust of a man, with features resembling those of ^Hus Verus;
on the base is a dedication inscribed by L. ^milius to his friend.
Pt 10. PL XV.

Bust of the Emperor Nero. From Athene, Pt. 10. PL vi.

Underneath, — Terminal statue of a Hermaphrodite, holding in one
hand a bird pecking at a bunch of grapes. Found in a marsh near
the Lake Nemi, 1774. Pt 10. PL xxx.

Cippus, dedicated to Fortune by Antonius, a freedman, for the safe
return of the Emperor L. Septimius Severus, his wife Julia Domna,
and his sons Caracalla and Geta, whose name has been anciently erased.

Front from the lid of the sarcophagus of which the bas-reliefe are in
Compartment xi. Upper Shelf: it represents Satyrs and cattle. Pt.
10. PI. XL. fig. 1.

Upon this sarcophagus.

Group of two dogs. Found on the Monte Cagnuolo^ 1 774. Pt. 10.
Vignette.

Statue of Cupid bending the bow. Found at CaateOo di Guado^
in 1776.

A bas-relief representing Priam supplicating Achilles to deliver to
him the body of his son Hector. Pt. 10. PL xL.

Small statue of a fisherman; on his left arm a bucket. Pt. 10.
PL xxviii.

Terminal head of the young Hercules, crowned with the leaves of
the poplar. It was found in 1777 near Gensano. Pt 2. PL XLVi.

Bas-relief, representing a bacchante, holding a knife in her right
hand, and in her left half a kid supposed to be a copy of the ^»»x^
X*f*»*i«^«*«fi or goat-slaying bacchante, the work of Scopas, who
flourished about b.c. 360. Pt 10. PL xxxv. Above which, a
bust of a child.

Small statue of a fisherman, in a rough woollen garment, holding a
basket of fish in his left hand. From Rome, Pt. 10. PL xxix.

Torso of VAnus, of fine workmanship, placed on a modem wooden
pedestal.

Sphinx, which anciently formed part of the base of a candelabrum*
Pt. 10. PL XXXI.

BOOM I.] GREEK AND ROMAN SCULPTURES. 89

Undemtath the sarcophagus, — A recumbent statue of Pan.

Votive foot, entwined with a serpent ; probably sacred to Serapis,
Pt. 10. PI. XL. fig. 5.

Altar-formed urn of Vipsania Thalassa, freedwoman of M. Vipsa-
nius Musseus, and also intended for the ashes of T. CI. Epictetus,
an imperial freedman ; ornamented with festoons, butterflies, an eagle,
and otner birds.

Votive foot entwined with a serpent. Pt 10. PL XL. fig. 6.

An eagle in marble.

Terminal statue of the youthful Mercury, having at his side a
caduceus, and the bird sacred to him. FotLnd at Frascati, 1770. Pt.
H). PI. Liv. fig. 2.

Inscription to M. Ulpius Cerdo.

Front of Ninth Pilaster,— Cnpid bending his bow; one of the
.copies of the celebrated statue by Praxiteles. Pt 10. PI. xxi.

Cippus dedicated to Agria Agatha by P. Ostiensis Thallus and
Agria Thryphosa, her heirs ; on it Galatiea, Triton, and Cupid; the
grjrphon of Apollo ; animals and columns.

COMPAi^TMENT X.

r^/)eriSiAe^— Abas-relief representing the arms of the Dacians and
Sarmatians.

Bas-relief from a sarcophagus, representing a tensa, or funeral car
in the shape of a temple, drawn by four horses ; on the sides, figures
of Jupiter and the Dioscuri. Purchased from VinelH, the sculptor, at
Home, in 1773. Pt. 10. PI. xlviii.

Bas-relief from a sarcophagus, representing Achilles detected by
Ulysses and Diomedes, when disguised as a female, among the daugh*
ters of Lycomedes. Pt 10. PI. xxxvi.

Bas-relief from a sarcophagus, representing a marriage in the pre*
sonce of Juno Pronuba ; the bridegroom holding the marriage con«>
tract, attended by the groomsman. Pt 10. PI. l.

Lower Shelf. — Bas-relief representing Luna surrounded by the signs
of the Zodiac. Presented by Col de Bosset, 1811.

Candelabrum, with festoons sculptured in alto-relievo.

Sepulchral bas-relief.

Fragment of a bas.relief, representing three legs, firom a group of
Theseus destroying the Minotaur.

Sepulchral tablet, dedicated by Servius Cornelius Diadumenus to
bis wife Cornelia Servanda.

Centaur carrying off a female. Modem,

Sun dial, supported by lions' heads and claws.

Underneath, — Terminal statue of a satyr.

Base of a candelabrum, supported by three lion*s claws ; at the sides
are the gryphon, crow and laurel, tnpod and fillet, emblems of the
Hyperborean Apollo ; surmounted by part of another candelabrum,
ornamented with festoons, foliage, and birds. Pt. 10. PI. liv. fig. I.

Small statue of Neptune ; at his side is a dolphin. From Athens^
Presented by «/. S, Uashoinf Esq,

Altar inscribed to her husband, M. Clodius Hermas, to her brother
Felix, and to Tyrannus, by Annia Augustalis.

90 OALLEftY OF ANTIQ0ITIE8. (ft^OM I*

Bas-relief from a large sarcophagus, representing a dramatic poet»
probably Sophocles, seated on a ehab, before whom stands a Mose.
Foimd near the Mausoleum of Augustus. Pt.lO. PI. xxxiY.

Under the sarcophagus, seat in the form of a chariot

Statue of Diana (mutilated). Presmiied hy W. JR. Hamilton, Esq.

A small cippus, decorated with festoons svspended from beads of
Jupiter Ammon ; in front, an Ibis destroying a serpent FonmeHy im
the Villa Burioni, at Borne.

No. d. One of the feet or supports of an ancient tripod taUe,
found in 1769, in the Pantanella, within the grovnds of Hadrian's VOIa»
near Tivoli. Pt 1. PI. in.

On it rests a lion's head with ram's horns, probably part of a »nilar
object.

The youthful Bacchus, standing, clad in a panther skin. Fommd m
the ViUa of Antoninus Pius, near the andent LanuvtMrn,

Altar of square form, ornamented with sphinxes at the upper and
lower comers, and with bas-reliefr ; in front, Apollo holding a lyre at
a table, on which are a raven, tripod, and three rolls of manuteripts;
on one side is a sacrifice of a ram, and, at the back, Diana holding a
torch and feeding a deer. Presemled by Sir W, Hamilton, 1775.

Front of Tenth Pilaster. — A torso of Venus of fine workmanship,
the remains of a statue of Venus, fbrmerly preserred at Ridimond,
House, and partially destroyed by fire in 1791. Purchased m l€fiK

COMPARTMENT XT.

Upper Shdf. — Front and ends of a sarcophagus, representioff
Bacchus and Ariadne in a chariot, drawn by Centanrs, and preeedea
by Bacchanals ; one end represents Pan flogged by a Satyr, the ether.
Pan carried away by Cupid and a Satyr. Felrmeriy in ike VUla
Montako, at Rome. Pt. 10. PL xxxTn.-^x. t

Lower Shelf.— BuMt of Diogenes. BefueaAedby R. P. J&^^
Esq.

Bust, bald-headed. Same.

Bust of Atys. Pt 10. PL nr.

Bust, apparently from a statue of a dying Amason. F^rom jReme.
Pt. 10. PI. V.

Bust of Aratus. Found among the ncnts of Ae Villa of Mareui
Varro,

Bust, supposed to be that of Achilles. Bequeet^ed by M. Pi.
Knight, Esq. /

Bust of Hercules, in advanced age. Same.

Bust of a female Satyr, or Centaur. Same,

Bust of a Bacchante.

Bust of Laughing Fams.

Turreted fenwle bead, Cybele?

Undemeath.^}fo. 36. Victory sacriieing a bull, on v^bA she
kneels. Found in the ruins ofAe VUla qfAnttminue Pisis, at Memte
Cagnuolo. Pt. 10. PL xxv.

Base and stem of a candelabnim.

A head of Diana.

BOOM I.} GREER AND BOMAN SCULPTUmSB. 91

Front of a sarcophagus, on which is thfi portrait of an elderly man
in a medallion or snield supported by two Cupids ; of a late period.
From Hie ViUa Burioni, near the Salarian Gate qf Borne, Ft. 10.

pi XLVII.

Underneath this sarcophagus is a colossal foot in a sandal. From
the collection of Sir W, Hamilton.

On the sarcophagus, statuette of a Muse seated on a rock, bearing
the word Eumousia.

Another statuette very similar.

Small statue of Diana, or the threefold Hecate, standing and hold-
ing in her hands a key, snake, sword, and other emblems ; decficated
by ^KuB Barbarus; a ueedman and bailiiTof the Emperors. Formerly
in the Giustiniani Palace, at Borne, Pt 10. PI. XLi. fig. I.

l^gure of Jupiter seated on a throne, with the attributes of Pluto.

Seated figure of Hercules.

No. 6. The trianffular base of a candelabrum, on the sides of
which three Cupids hold each a part of the armour of Mars ; namely,
his helmet, his shield, and his sword. The work is of the Roman
period. Pt 1. PL VL

Victory kneeling upon a bull, which she is about to stab. Found
among the rums of tne V^ of Antoninus Pius, at Monte Cagnuolo.
Pt 10. PL XXVI.

In Frtmt of the JEleventh PUaster.^^o, 15. The key-stone of a
triumphal arch, ornamented with a figure of Victory elaborately
hollowed out between the two tolutes. This fragment is inserted in
a modem pedestal. Found in the neighbourhood of Frascati, twelve
miles from Rome. Pt 1 . PL XT.

Above this a monument ornamented with bas-reliefe of birds
drinkmg, heads and terms.

Supporting a Swan, in Eg3^tian red marble. Fottnd in a vineyard
ttdfoining the Villa Pinciana. Pt. 10. PI. Lvni.

COMPAKTIfENT XU.

Vpper Sheff.— 'Front of a sarcophigui, on whkh are a aeries of
Copicb in the diaracters of Bacchus and ius attendants. Fmmd ai
FraseaiL

Poor fragments of bas-relieft.

Front of a sarcophagus, on which is a r«ce of chariots and boraea
in the circiM.

Lower Sheffl — Head of a child.

Head of Serapis.

Bust, resemUing that of Sappho.

Bust of a youth.

Bust of Minerva, having on her faeftd a Corinthian helmet. Found
at Beme,

Bust of Baeehus. From the fOeoHm ^ Pnmee PwimtouwiL

Bust of Apollo. Borne.

Bust of Duna. Bequeathed hy B. P. Xmght, Esq.
Bust of Juno, with large eyes and imperious eeualenaace, wearing
the sphendone. Brought from Borne in 1774.

92 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [ROOH I.

Bust of Bacchus.

Terminal head, of bad workmaDship ; it has been supposed to be
that of Libera.

Bust of Diana, of fine character, of Parian marble. Brought from
Rome hy Mr, Gavin Hamilton.

Bust of a child.

Head of Serapis, in black marble.

Underneath, — Bust of Demosthenes, resting on the front of a
pilaster, ornamented with a composition of olive and pine branches and
birds in low relief.

Small seated statue of Cybele or Fortune, holding: a comucoplae in
her left, and rudder in her right hand. Athens, Presented by J, S»
Gaskoin, Eeq.f 1836.

This statue is supported by a small cippus, decorated with rams*
heads, festoons, birds, insects, and human heads.

Resting on a cippus, or sepulchral altar, ornamented with rams' heads
and sphinxes,' erected by L. Virius Helius, to Viria Primitiva, his wife,
deceased in her nineteenth year. Pt. 10. PI. LVi.

A Case containing thefoUotoing articles : —

Fragment of a head of Hercules covered with the lion's skin. Pre^
sented by T, HolUs, Esq., 1757. A funeral mask such as was used to
cover the face of a female corpse. From the collection of Sir W.
Hamilton, Head of Hercules. Presented by T. HoUis, £sq,, 1757.
Bust of Vitellius in giallo antico. Same, Head of Hercules. From
the collection of Sir W, Hamilton. Capital of a small Ionic column.
Same collection. Bust of Caracalla. Same collection. Head of
Vulcan, with a cap. Same collection. Votive mask of a bearded
satyr. Presented by T, HolH8,Esq., 1765. Head of Julia, daughter
of Titus, the hair in a knot behind. From the collection of Sir W.
Hamilton, Head of Juno. Presented by T. Hollis, Esq., 1757.
Venus, with bow and arrows ; at her side two Cupids. Handle fi^m
a vase. From the collection of Sir W, Hamilton. Part of a bas-
relief: female figure. Same collection. Bas-relief mask of a satyr.
A left foot covered with a sandal. A right foot of a child. Anadyo-
mene. Hand from a statue of Venus, holding a lock of hair. Same
collection. Right hand of a female holding a pipe. The left hand
and part of the arm of Venus, or Psyche, holding a butterfly. Two
feet of a lion, from a 'tripod table. Left hand of a female holding aa
unknown object. Right hand holding part of a bow. Right hand of
a child, holding a ram*s head. Left foot covered with a shoe and
straps, perhaps &om a statue of an emperor. Votive patera ; on one
-side Silenus, and on the reverse a satyr, in bas-relief. From the
collection of Sir W, Hamilton. Fragment of a figure holding a bird.
Torso of a male figure, apparently of Marsyas. A small mutilated
figure ; the right breast naked, the other parts covered with drapery,
wearing a necklace, from which a scarabtBus is suspended. Same col-
lection. Head of an eagle, probably from the hilt of a sword. Same
collection. A votive mUera ; on one side a mask of Bacchus, bearded ;
on the reverse a pantner. Same collection. Fragment of a serpent.
Torso of a satyr. Presented by the Rev, H. Croure, 1833.

On the Case are the following objects .*

A goat's head.

AOOM II.] GREEK AND ROMAN SCULPTURES. 93

Reclining female figure, apparently Ariadne restored, as a water
nympli.

An eagle.

Underneatli, a bas-relief, sacrifice to iBsculapius and Hygieia. A
horse's head is seen through a window at one comer.

In front an Egyptian or Nubian tumbler practising his art upon
a tame crocodile. From Rome, Pt. 10. PI. xxvii.

In the pedestal, a fragment of a testamentary inscription, sawn from
the front of a sarcophagus. Found in 1776 in the Villa Pelluchi, near
the Pincian Gate at Rome.

A Comic Actor, his face covered by a mask. Found in 1773, in
the Villa Fonsega, Rome.

In the pedestal ; sepulchral inscription to Dasumia Soteno. Found
in the Villa Pelluchi, Rome.

A statue of Pan, standing, holding a pedum in his left hand.

Under it an altar, dedicated by C. Tullius Hesper, and his wife,
TuUia Restituta, to the £ona Dea of the river Anio ; and a sepulchral
cippus, erected to Marcus Coelius Superstes by his brother C. Ccslios
Secundus ; on it is Leda and the Swan. Pt. 10. PI. i.v. fig. 2.

Bust of Pericles. Found in 1781, near TivolU below the front of
a pilaster, ornamented with myrtle, olive, and vine branches.

ROOM II.

This Room, which is intended hereafter to be reserved exclusively
for Roman Antiouities, contains at present miscellaneous sculptures,
chiefly from the Towneley collection. They are arranged as follows,
commencing from the left on entering : —

No. 21. A terminal head of Mercury. Purchased in 1812, at the
sale of Antiquities belonging to William Chinnery, Esq. Pt, 2.

PI. XXI.

Statue of the Emperor Hadrian, clad in the paludamentum. Found
on the site of Hadrian's Villa, at Tivoli.

No. 26. A bust of Sophocles. Found about the year 1775, near
Gensano, seventeen miles from Rome. Pt. 2. PI. xxvi.

No. 10*. Colossal head of Marcus Aurelius, in the character of one
of the Fratres Arvales. Formerly in the Mattel collection.

A statue of Venus preparing idt the bath, of white marble, an an-
cient copy of a statue, of which the Venus in the museum of the
Cimitol at Rome is also a copy.

No. 44. An unknown terminal head, probably of a Greek poet.
it was found with the head of Hippocrates, No. 20, near Albano, in
1770. Pt 2. PI. XLiv.

No. 51. Statue of a youth in Phrygian attire, wearing a cidaris or
conical cap on his head, and a tunic, anaxyrides, chlamys, and shoes;.
it has been restored as Paris, holding the apple and shepherd's crook,
but it is more probably Atys or one of the attendants of the god Mithras.
Found in 1785, on the banks of the Tiber, at a distance of about five
miles from the Porta Portese, and supposed to have been intended to
ornament a villa.

Underneath, a Greek inscription.

F

94 OALLE&T ev ▲NTIQUITIBS. [bOOIL II.

Terminal bueC of Epicurus. It was found at Rome, in the Tmia
Casati, near the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore, in ] 775,

A Mithraic group : a youth wearing the cidaris, draped' itt a tonic
and an<ixyride8y stabbing the Mithraic bull, which ia sorroundedby the
dog, serpent, and scorpion ; the whole generally aoppoaed to be el aubno*
Bomical import*

Underneath, three bas-reliefs : one, a sepulchral tablet, on windi a
skeleton is represented.

No. 42. . A terminal head of Pesiander, formerly m the Villa Mont-
alto. Pt. 2. PI. XLII.

No. 43* A statue of fais» apparently in the character of Ceres; for-
merly in the Macerani Palace at Rome.

No. 25. A termmal head of Homer, represented, in an advanced
age, of a sublime and dignified character : it was found among some
ruins at Baise, in MSXk Pt 2. PL xxv.

No. 8. A statue of Venus or Dione, naiced to the waist, and covered
with drapery thence downwardsu It was found in the ruins of the Mari-
time Baths of Claudius, at Ostia, in the year I77a Pt L PL Tiaii

No. 47. Bust of an unknown female, commonly called thai ti
Clylie. It is gracefully terminated by the flower of the Nymjf^sea
lotus, on which it appears to rest Purchased at Naples in 1772.

No. 49. Leg or support of an ancient tripod table, having the
shape of the he»i and leg of a panther rising out of foliage.

No. 6. Bas-relief, in the flat early style of Greek sculpture. It
represents Castor managing a horse. FVmnd in the ruins of Hadrian's
Villa, about the year 1769. Pt2. PL vl

A bas.relief, representing Bacchus received as^ a guest by Icarus*

The base of an ancient fountain.

No. ^. Busty supposed to be that of one of the Homeric heroes.

No. 50. Leg or support of an ancient tripod table, having the
shape of the head and foot of a lion or panther, in red porfMiyry.
Found A.D. 1772, at a depth of twenty-five feet, in the Forui% under
the Palatine Hill.

No. 4*. Colossal bust of Lucius Verus, clad in the paludamentnm.
Formerly in the Mattel collection.

Statue of an Emperor, apparently Caracalia» From Alezandi-ia.
Presented by Kino George III.

No. 15i A bust, of Hadrian, with the breast naked. Formerly in
the Villa. Montalto.

A bust of Jupiter Serapis. Presented by J. T. Btaher Beaumoni,
Esq., 18da

A bust of Trajan, with the breast naked. Found in an. esca«atian
made in the Campagna di Roma, a.d. 1776.

Statue of Marcus Aurelius, wearing the toga*,

Bust of Charlea Tomaeley, Esq^

Bust of Antinous, in the character of Bacchus*

Statue of a sleeping youth» wearing a petasus, and dfaped in atcA2ii*>
mys, shod with enaromides; supposed to beMercuiyy.but more poifaabl)r
Endymion*

Statue, restored as of a drunken Satyr or Silenus, but.whiek iasup^
posed to have formed part of a group of a Silenus and Nymph.

Butt b{ Hadrian, ckd is the paiadafflentumw '

No. 2(K Bust of Hippocrattt, ibimcl iMar AMmtoov amonffst maain^
supposed to be those of a Villa of Mareu» Vanra Pt 21 In. xx.

No* 4. Statue of at Canejplieia. It was one: of the Cavyaiideif
wtiich supported the oortieo of a smali temple dedknted to BtK)efat»i)
It was found during tne pontificate of Sixtus V.^ awonffBOBMaiieiait
ruins in the ViUa Stroozi, situated upon the Appian Road. Pt^l.
PI. IT. I

Bust of Adonii, wearing the cidariSf or Phrygian cap. Fnom tbet
Villa Montalto.

A eolessal head of Hercules, ds^ up at tl^foot of Mount YesuitrlUs,
where it had been buried by the lafva of that volcano* Frcm At eoBte^
tim of Sir William BanMm. Pt I. Plv xi.

A colbssal head of Hercules, found by Mt. Gavihi Uaoiillon in 1769»
at the Pantanella in Hadrian's Villa.

ASSYRIAN TRANSEPt.

On the rij^ht, or east side of this room, is the Khorsabdd eowparU
Boent, contioning monuments from the Psdace of Sargrn^ or Shid<*^
maaeser, the Assyrian king who carried tiie. ten tcibesi into captlTityV
B.C. 721. I

Two colossal human-headed and winged buU8> each sCnlpthred in
n^zo-rilieTO both in front and on ooe sidc^ ste' piacedr agreeably to
their original arrangement, as ea the twa sides of the entrance: of aii
mner chamber. U^sder the body of each buR is ^ eat Assyrian insoriai*
tion, but that en the left-hand figure has) been (iurposdy eftiORl m
ancient timei.

Beside each bull is a colossal human figure^ in me^OHrilievai
winged, and doubk^horaed, having in one baaf tha fiikone^ sMd inth*
other the basket, employed in sacrificial' rites. Theses with' the two
bulls, were obtained from Khofsabid ih 18fi0>bf LieutcdDnBt-Cotand
R C. Rawltnson,. C.B., H.M. Consul-General at Bhghd4d; j

Within the chamber thus formed isr'the dollectiew of ba6>^ieft
procured firom Khorsabad in 1847 by ]N&. Hacfeor, a nerdiant at Mosnk

On the East Wall,,faerag the entmnce, are twoc colossal figurel, of a
king, and a chief, in conference ; behind the latter, an eunuch with his
hands clasped ; and on either side, several male heads, originally be-
longing to similar figures. ; ; ; • i i M > ' : . :

At the back of the bull, near the window, are two smaller figures^
in a saerificiai attitude, with t&e rMt band 'raikd^ ' and' ifr i^ lelf, a
pomegranate branchy two coldte^ heatdb of euniichs;* akd> a^ small
bearded human headi . i * ;

At the bock of the> other bull ^ave two ^nes^ «# an archer; alnd k
tributary bearing a wine-skinr three small fraa|ne<y(W with hoiosi' liead^
lidAy accoutred, and a third fra^meni, inwnled^ abdffia^ring en^itithe
feet of tvro men and ahorse^ I - ' ' it ; 'i

On the Wall facing the windcm i^ « slab miiik tWhi^rsdi* Heat^) rk^
caparisoned, and the upper ^oit of theigiir^otb Ibfieign tf^tttartMhe
size of li£e; Beneath thia & Um cmlf siab> tkMmtih^ Mk Laif a^' ffom

F 2

96 KIHROUD SIDE-GALLERY.

Khorsab&d, in black stone, and representing, in bas-relief, three Assyrian
sportsmen in a wood, with bows and arrows, killing deer, hares, and birds.

In a detached position, near the window, is a mutilated statue, in
basalt, of a male figure of the size of life, seated on a square throne
covered with inscnptions. Found by A. H. Layard, Esq., M.P., at
Kalah Shergh4t, in 1847.

On the opposite, or West side of this Saloon, commences the col-
lection of sculptures excavated by Mr. Layard, in 1847 and 1850,
in different parts of the great mound at Nimroud, a few miles below
Mosul, on the Tigris.

The first portion of this collection consists of remains from an
extensive ruin termed by Mr. Layard the North- West Palace, with a
few others from a small adjacent Temple of the God of War, — edifices
erected by Ashurakhbal, or Sardanapalusthe Great, the earliest Assyrian
monarch whose monuments we possess. The sculptures are, with a
few exceptions, executed in a species of alabaster abounding in Meso-
potamia, which is easily decomposed either by moisture or fire.

The two colossal human-headed, winged, and triple-homed lions,
which form an entrance to the whole, were originally on either side of
the portal of a chamber in the North- West Edifice. They are sculp-
tured in mezzo-rilievo in front and on one side, and, like all the figures
found in similar situations, are provided with five legs, so as to appear
perfect from both points of view. The backgrounds of the slabs are
covered with cuneiform inscriptions.

Beyond these is a high insulated slab of limestone, arched at the
head, and sculptured or engraved all round. In front, within a raised
border, is a mezzo-rilievo figure of the king, standing apparently in a
religious attitude, his right hand raised, and in his left a mace: he
is attired in the sacrificial robe, and has a collar decorated with mystical
ornaments: above him are various sacred symbols. The unsculptured
area of the panel, and the sides and back of the slab, are covered with
a long and finely-cut inscription, comprising an invocation to the
Assyrian gods, and a chronicle of the King's conquests. The lower
part of the stone has suffered both from fire in ancient times, and more
recently from water. Immediately in front stands a triangular altar,
which was originally so placed before the high slab. These objects
were found outside one of the entrances to the small Temple.

NIMROUD SIDE-GALLERY.

The bas-reliefe On the left, or West side of this room, were all found
in a chamber of the North- West Edifice marked B in Mr. Layard's
ground plan of this ruin, and formed part of the fiieze. Those on the
right, or East side, are partly from other chambers of the same edifice^'
partly from the small adjacent Temple of the God of War.

The slabs with large figures bear inscriptions running horizontally
across the middle; those with small figures have had inscriptions
generalhr on the border above and below.

The following are the slabs from Chamber B : —

1. A human figure with four wings, and triple-homed cap, sumptu-

NTMROUD SIDE- GALLERY. 97

ously attired in embroidered and fringed robes; his right hand is raised
in the attitude of worship, and in his left is a mace.
* 2. Large baS'ielief, sunk within a border or framework, representing
two kings in richly ornamented attire, apparently engaged in sacrifice,
and each followed by a winged triple-homed figure with the fircone
and basket: between the kings is a mystic tree, and above this, a
ferouheTf or Divine image in a winged circle. In front of this bas-
relief, in its original site, was a large slab, serving as a throne or altar.

The four next slabs, both in the upper and lower tier, formed origin-
ally, as here, a continuous series.

3 a. Bull-hunt The king, from his chariot, thrusts a dagger into
the neck of a bull which had apparently pursued him, and which, like
all those here represented, shows only one horn, rising from the middle
of his forehead; another bull lies transfixed with arrows; behind
follows a horseman, leading a second horse by his side.

3 b. Return from the bull- hunt The king stands over a prostrate
bull, with a cup in his hand ; one of his attendants fans him. with a fly-
flapper ; another shades him with a parasol ; a third figure approaches
with his hands clasped, in the Oriental attitude of respect ; two others
play, with plectra^ upon stringed musical instruments.

4 a. Lion-hunt The king draws his bow upon a Hon which has
planted his forepaws on the royal chariot ; two attendants prepare to
despatch the animal with daggers from behind ; on the ground lies a
lion pierced with arrows. The fighting lion, a figure sculptured with
remarkable spirit, shows a claw at the end of his tail.

4 h. Return from the lion-hunt A composition similar to No. 3 6,
but in place of the parasol -bearer four archers stand behind the king.

5 a. This slab is unconnected in subject with those to which it was
united. A city is represented, besieged by the Assyrian king; a
battering-ram, worked from within a machine, assaults the walls, and
is dislodging the stones ; the machine;, which is constructed of wicker-
work, and runs upon six wheels, is surmounted by a tower, from which
an archer, defended by a shield-bearer, is shooting on the besieged ;

, behind the machine is the king, also shooting, and attended by two
armour-bearers and an eunuch. The besieged, in return, discnarge
their arrows upon the assailants, whilst one raises his hand for a parley.
The battlements of the city are serrated, and the gate is crowned by a
semicircular arch.

5 h. This slab forms one subject vrith No. 6 b. The king, attended
by his parasol-bearer, with his chariot waiting behind, receives the
homage of the vanquished. With two arrows in his right hand, and a
bow in his left, he stands in conference with a chieftain, followed by
four attendants in the conventional attitude of attention. One of the
captives bows to the ground at the king's feet ; a soldier urges on a
second, seizing his head by the hair ; others follow, with arms fastened
behind. Above appear vessels, elephants* tusks, and other spoils of
war.

6 a, another isolated subject, 'represents the attack of a city or
fortress, defended in front by a river. The architecture is similar to
that on the preceding slab : a warrior and two women appear on the
battlements, with gestures of supplication ; whilst archers are shooting
at them from the opposite shore. Three fugitives are swimmin*^

98 NIMROUD SIBE^ALLERY.

P^imiidM the trtSkt two ai them eupportod by infltfted ikins, itcap]^

beneath their bodies ; ike tkiid is pierced by an arrow ; on the sw>»

beside the assailants aie a date-^m, and two other trees.

, .Nezi follows a second aeries ai nine consecutive slabs in each tier;

one of those in the lower being supplied by a testoratioa in cbiaio-

■curou

7 a, 6 a, 9 «, 10 o, farm together one subject, a battle and wvObory
of Ifae Assyriaes. The king, in bis chariot, drives iq>on the ilyiog
eneaay, disdiaiging his arrows; above him lyp e ars a guardian JbrMiAery
drawing a bow in his behalf; the fugitiveSf'wbo are ^ on foot, tnni t*
aboot on tbebr puEsuer; an eagle, attackijag one of the bodies of the
alain, is inserted, without regard to perspective, in the space above,
la the next group (8 a) are two obariots, with standards and areben^
preceding tl^ king ; oa them ailso the enemy tuias to shoot. Further
on (9 a), two AjCH^rian footsokfieiv, with oosical b^mets, advance
amidst the dead and wounded ; above, an eagle is awaiting his prey.
In front of these ajee borsenien, aborting as they cfaaige ; two of toe
'eoemy (10 a) meet them, sbootiag in return. In the van, anotiier
chariot, bearing an eunuch discharging an arrow, presses on the
fugitives : on a mound in front is an Assyrian footsoiaier, assailing a
disanaoed opponent ; another, beBeaib, is slaughtering one of the van-
Kiuished ; an eagle flies over the foitemost chariot, and dead bodies are
scattered about

7 (, 6 6, 9 6, represent the passaee of a riv^ by the Assyrian acmy.
To the left are warriors preparing »>r embarkadou, or for swimming;
one man is inflating a skin, another is trjing whether a skin is suffi-
ciently filled with tiri a third is assisting to lift a chariot on board
a boat. In the water appear, scattered wherever space will admit,
men swimming upon skins, fishes, and small roundlbettomed boate
bearing chariots, with the horses swimming behind, and the boatmen
guiding them by halters. On the third slab (9 6) is the royal galley,
with tlvee rowers and a steersman, aided by two men towing it hcio.
the shore ; on board is the kinff standing in hb idiariot, holding two
arrows in his hand, and attended by two eunuchs bearing his arms.

10 6, 11 6, are part of a subject oriffinally oomprismg -3 slabs, and
part of a fomrth (18 b) ; but the third dab was discovered in so shat-
tered a eondition, that Mr. Layard did not attempt its removaL It is
here supplied by a painting in chiaroscuro, after a copy made by Mr.
l^oyard on the spot. The left4iand portion (10 6) represents the
capitulation of a city; women appear on the battlements, which are, as
tiBual, serrated: three Assyrian (mariots are seen in procession below.
In front of them, attended by a parasoLbearer, stands the victorious
kang, holding in his right hand two arrows, in his kft a bow; above
appears the^onAef; a chieftain addresses the king, presenting to him
captives and spoils of war,— ^ subject treated very similarly to No. 6 b.
The last portion of the composition textends over part of the slab
No. 13 6, where females, tearing their hair, and accompanied by a
child, terminate the tmin of prisoners; tn the spaee above these are
oaptarod cattle.

11 a, 12 a, 13 a, repvesent the return to camp. To the left is a
proundrplan of a circular building, fianked by bastions, and dinded
mto four symmetrical apartments ; within each is a composition of oaae

NUf&OUD aXIA-GALLE&Y. 99

or more figures preparing food. Adjoining is a tent, within which a

froom is cleaning a hone with a curry-comb ; in front three o^er
ones are feeding at a tPiugh. To the right, an eunuch receives four
male prisoners, brought in by a soldier. In the apace above these are
43WO men, imparently mimes, wearing lions' skins; one of them ib
4lanoingi wilh a whip or thong in his hand; beside them is a minstrel
playing a guitar. Next (12 a) are two men bearing heads of the
slain, >and three musicians with Lyres and cymbals; below these, a

SOMp of figures counting the heacis of the decapitated. Then follows
e triumphal procession of royal chariots ; over the first flies an eagle,
wHh a human iiead in hn daws. The chariot of the king (18 o) is
preceded by a conductor, and a footsoldier; within it is the king;
Yielding up two arrows^ and accompanied by bis parasol-bearer ; above,
the fsromher^ A mounted warrior follows, leading a spare horse ; in
the field above are two footsoldien, and two dead bodiea.

14 a. Id a, A battle before the waUs of a city or fortress. Two
Assyrian chariots, bearing archers and standard-faiearers, are pursuing
one belonging to the enemy, which is flying towards the city; its
charioteer, piereed with an arrow, turns to ask quarter, whilst one of his
liorses is felling, and the other two are plunging desperately. In the
area above are three headless bodies, and small trees, apparently vines.
Further on, the king, in his chariot with an armour-bearer and a
charioteer, attended by the ferouher, is driving upon a chariot of the
enemy; its occupant has been struck down, and one of the horses is
falling, drawmg the charioteer violently forwards by the reins. Assy-
rian footsoldiers are seen beyond, one of whom is assailing a disarmed
opponent, whilst a comrade of the latter is endeavouring to draw him
out of danger. The city, on the extreme right, is defended by a moat,
or river, beude which are vines with clusters of grapes, and other fruit-
trees : from the walls warriors are discharging arrows and stones, and
one is inviting a parley: below are two Assyrian footsoldiers, each
lolling an opponent.

13 6, 14 o, 15 b, the remaining slabs in this series, represent a siege.
A portion of No. ISb, belonging to a preceding subject, has been
already described. On the remainmg portion is the king, aocompanied
by his shield-bearer, his parasol-bearer, and another attendant with a
quiver full of arrows, and shooting towards the besieged city. The
city itself, which occupies the centre of the entire composition, exhibits
generallv the usual style of architecture, but the arched gateway has a
lemarkaole ornamental moulding. Some of the Assyrians are scaling
the wall with ladders; whilst the enemy hurl stones, and shoot arrows,
upon them from above ; others, with instruments resembling square-
headed spears, or mounted oeltSt are making a breach below, and others
again mining or cutting out the walls. Behind the battlements appear
women tearing their hair; wounded and dead bodies are falling over.
On the right the city is attacked by a battering-ram, worked from
within a machine such as already described, but with no wheels visible.
From the nearest turret or bastion (the upper part of which is lost)
the besieged are lowering chains, or grappling irons, to catch the ram,
and draiw it upwards ; two of the assailants however, with hooks thrown
wer the engine, are keeping it down by their weight. The besieged,
4gain, are burling firebrands on the machine, to ignite it; but the

100 NIMROUO SIDE-GALLERY.

Assyrians, through pipes carried in the tower of their machine, are
playing water on the flames. Within this tower are two warriors assail-
ing the besieged with arrows and stones. On the side of the battering^
machine is a carved representation of ^iferouher shooting at the enemy.
Behind it, archers standing, or kneeling, are discharging arrows towards
the city. A war-chariot, and two footsoldiers, are waiting, further to
the right ; and above are two eagles, one attacking a fallen body.

16 a. Fragment of a male figure, with remains of colour on the
hair and eyes, apparently engaged in a sacrificial rite; in his right
hand is a flower, and on his head a garland, or band of rosettes.

16 h. A battle-scene, in which an Assyrian warrior in his chariot
is pursuing some fugitive horsemen, and discharging at them an arrow*
One of the enemy turns, and extends his hand for quarter ; another
shoots, after the manner of the Parthians. A wounded man has fallen
under one of the horses ; another lies dead in the distance. A river,
or stream, appears beneath the fugitives; in it is seen a fish. This
slab is much dilapidated from the action of water.

17. The last slab from Chamber B. A winged male figure, richly
attired, is bringing offerings for sacrifice ; on his right arm is a fallow
deer, in his left hand a branch with five flowers. A similar subject
was represented on the slab originally adjoining this on the left side-,
the two figures standing back to back ; and a portion of the wing of
the companion figure appears on this slab.

Immediately on the other side of the doorway are bas-reliefs from
other chambers of the North- West Edifice.

18. Winged male figure, in fringed and embroidered robes, with
an ibex on his left arm, and in his right hand an ear of wheat.

19. Two foreigners, paying tribute to some personage represented
on a lost slab. Both these figures have shoes with high pointed toe&,
and one wears a cap not very unlike the Phrygian. The foremost is
raising his two hands in an attitude symbolical of deference or pacifi-
cation ; the other has on his head and shoulders a monkey, retained
by a noose, and is leading another monkey, similarly secured. Re-
mains of black and white paint may be observed in their eyes.

20. A king standing with a staff or sceptre in his right hand, and
his left resting on his sword ; his robes are richly fringed, and their em-
broidery is represented by very delicate incised lines ; on his eyes and
his sandals are remains of colour.

Next follow six slabs from a chamber marked G in Mr. Layard's
Plan of the North- West Palace, which, from their superior dimensions,
elaborate execution, and almost perfect preservation, may be reckoned
among the finest examples of Assyrian bas-relief. They represent the
King amongst his attendants, supernatural and human, apparently re-
turned from battle, or the chace. All the figures are sumptuously
attired, their robes fringed, and embroidered with sacred or mystical
ornaments ; their sandals are painted in black and red, and remains of
colour are discernible in the eyes.

^1, 22, 23. Three slabs, forming one subject, and originally occu-
pying the North End of the Chamber. In the middle is the king,
seated on a throne, with his feet on a footstool, and in his right hand a
shallow cup. Before him is an eunuch, holding out a patera or vessel
with a curved handle, and fanning the king with a fly-flapper ; he is

NIMROUD BIDE-GALLBRY. 101

followed by a winged and double-horned figure, with the sacrificial
fir-cone and basket. Behind the king are two eunuchs bearing his
arms, and the foremost fanning him with the fly-fiapper ; after them
follows another winged personage similar to that on the other side.

24, 25, 26, are all from the East Side of Chamber G. The entire
wall was covered with repetitions of the same two groups of fiffures,
each repetition occupying in the whole three slabs. The specimens
selected by Mr. Layard present portions of different groups, which are
here arranged in correspondence, though not in actual juxtaposition,
with each other. They are as follows :

24. Winged, double -homed figure, with fir-cone and basket, and
king with his bow, and two arrows held up a symbolical position.

25. Winged, double- homed figure, with fir-cone and basket, com-
pleting a group with another slab similar to the preceding. Eunuch
bearing the king's arms, belonging to a slab similar to the following.

26. King with a cup and bow, an eunuch fanning him with a fly-
flapper. The bows on this slab and No. 24 have each been painted
red.

The slabs next succeeding are firom the small Temple at the North-
West extremity of the Great Mound dedicated to the God of War.
Nos. 27-29 stood originally, as here, at right angles to each other.
No. 27 being on the external wall of the building, and Nos. 28 and 29
on the side of a doorway leading to one of the chambers. On the
opposite side was a similar group, of which the return slab on the
external wall (No. 32) was alone removed by Mr. Layard*

27. Figure, apparently of a priest, richly attired, with flowers on
his head, and in bis right hand a branch with three blossoms.

28. 29. A four-winged male figure, wearing the triple-homed cap,
and brandishing thunderbolts, pursues at full speed a monster with the
head and body of a lion, but with horns, winffs, and the feet and tail
of an eagle, who is represented with remarkable spirit, ramping, and
angrily snarling. In the original position of this bas-relief, at the en-
trance of the temple, it would obviously typify the extmsion of the
Evil Spirit. On the edge of the inner slab are part of a fir-cone, and
of a human foot, belonging to a figure similar to the next (No. d2),
but tumed in the opposite direction. At the back of the two slabs is
the standard inscription of the monuments of Sardanapalus, which
was hidden, anciently, against the wall. Both slabs were found shat-
tered into fragments, and their surface dilapidated by the action of the
fire, in which the building perished.

30. Slab found immediately adjoining the Good and Evil Spirit
on the opposite side of the same doorway, and within the chamber. It
represents a Fish-God, perhaps a form of Dagon ; his cap is shaped
behind into the head of a fish, whose body descends to his waist ; in
his left hand is the mystic basket, and his right held the fir-cone,
sculptured on the return of the slab flanking the doorway. The back
of tnis bas-relief has also an inscription, ranning across the middle ; a.
cast of it (30* ) is placed at the side. The slab itself has sufiered^like
the two preceding.

'31. Winged male figure, with a ffarland on hb head, and in hiff
left hand a branch with blossoms, as if for sacrifice. From the North-
West Edifice.

r 3

102 KlMaOUD CEKTmAX SALOON.

**'92. A similar figure, but on a larger seale, and without wingt,
Som the exterior wall of the Temple, originally the retiira slab on
the opposite side of the doorway to the group already deseiibed, tie
counterpart of No. VI,

Hie remaining sculptures in tMs room are all from the Noiih-West
Edifice.

33. 'Winsed male figure, with the head of an eagle, boidia^ tiie
fircone and basket, sumptuously attired in embroidered and frmgad
robes, and elaborately finished, it has been supposed to nepreKnt the
Assyrian God, Nisroch.

34. Similar figure, turned in the opposite direction.

35. Pemale figure, willi four wings, a doubie-bomed cap, and a
profiision of ornaments round her neek, boldinff n her left band a
necklace, probably as a sacrificial oflbring. On tte eyes may be ob-
served remains of colour.

36. A slab belonging originally to the North- West Edifice, but
found in an isolatea quarter, where it had been left in ancient times,
in the course of removal to another situation. It is here placed oopo-
site some similar subjects from Chamber B. It represeats a lion-
hunt : an armed personage in a chariot, accompanied by a charioteer,
Is drawing his bow on some object in front, upon a lost slab ; beneath
the horses* feet lies / a lion pierced wiA arrows. The sculpture is
highly elaborated, and of considerable merit. At the back is an liH
scription, of which a cast (36*) is placed above.

The next three slabs are from a chamber marked I in Mr. Layord's
plan.

37 a. Two winged male figures, in double-boraed caps, kneelkig
beside a mystic tree, apparently in the act of adoratioa. The feet of
the fibres, both in tms and the other two riabs, are bare.

37 D. Two winged fiemale figures, hi double-homed caps, and with
richly-decorated collars, standing beside a similar tree, and holdkig
necklaces. This slab stood origmally under No. 87 a.

38. Two eagle-headed and winged figures standing beside the tree,
with sacrificial fir-cones and baskets. Above this was a slab similar to
No. 37 a, and the pair thus foimed was repeated all round the to-
tnainder of the chamber.

39, 40. Two large slabs, forming one subject with a third, which
has not been recovered. To the left is the symbolical tree, and part
of the wing of a figure on the missing slab ; to the right is the kmg,
wearing a collar of mystical ornaments, and standing between too
winzed and eagle-headed figures, each holing the fircone and basket.

41. A winged figure, with doi:d>le-homra cap, and richly em-
broidered dress, standmg with the fir-cone and hasket in the usual
posture of adoration.

NIMROUD CENTRAL SALOON.

This Room contains the rest of tiie Niairond eollection.

Against the Southern Wall, on either side of the door of the Side-
Gallery, are two colossal figures of a 'btill and a lion, not orieinally
formmg a pair, but each mi^ with a siiwlar figure, at two of the en-
trances of chambers in the North- West Edifice of the Great Maaad.

NUiaOUD CENTRAL ftAlX>l>N. 103

They axe loulpturod in mezao-rilievo in front and on the side, and
have each human heads with triple-horned caps, wings, and cuneiform
inicriptions covering the unsculptured surfaces of the slabs.

Adjoining these, on either sicie, are two pairs of small human figures
in bas-relie?^ eadi of which has wings and double-homed caps, and
holds, in a sacrificial attitude, a fir-cooe and basket, or a branch of
pomegranate. They have all cuneiform inscriptions.

Against the adjoining pilaster are the head and foot of a winged and
human-headed bull, wearing a homed cap ; the neck and shoulders are
restored. This eoncludes the senes from the North- West Edifice.

In the centre of the room stands the most important historical mono-
ment as yet recovered from Assyria. It is an Obelisk of black marble,
with the top truncated, and divided into three sradines. Each of its sides
has five oblong panels, sculptured in bas-relief, separated horizontally
by single lines of cuneiform inscription ; and the remaining surface,
both above and below the ba8-relie&, is covered with similar inscription.
On the eastern, or principal face, the highest panel represents a king
holding two arrows and m bow, attended by two armour-bearers, and re-
ceiving homage from a captive or tributary, prostrating himself at his
feet ; behind the latter figure are two royai attendants, standing with
cksped hands ; above are representations of the sun and of ^ferouher.
The side-panels on the same level show the tribute brought to the
king; that on the northern face has a horse, with three Assyrian
figures; the remaining two exhibit foreigners, attired like the two
large figures on slab No. 19, in tiie Side- Gallery, and leading camels,
<or bearing mbcellaaeous offerings on their shoulders. The four panels
next below these are similar in subject ; upon the principal one the
king is represented standing with a cup in his hand, and attended by
four eunuchs, one of whom screens him with a parasol, another fans
him wiUi a fly-fiapper; above appear the ferouher, and the sun. On
the return panels are two royal attendants, followed by tributaries
bearing wine-skins, vessels, &c The third row of panels has men in
Assyrian costume leading or driving animals, two camels, an elephant,
three monkeys, and two lai^e apes. In the fourth row are two lions
and a stag, and Assyrians bearing vestures, tusks, &c. In the fif&,
foi^icners and Assyrians uEitermixed, with wineskins, fruits, vessels, &c.
The inscription on this monument records the conquests of Divanu-
bara, or Temenbor, the son of Sardanapalus the Great, who is thought
to have retgned about 902-860 fi. c. Amongst those who brought
kum tribMte are mentioned Jehu, *< of the house of Omri," the Israelite
king, and Hazael, tiie contemporary king of Syria ; and according to
Coionel Rttwlinsoii, Mismim, or Egypt, is included in the list of tribu-
tary lands. The obelisk was found near the centre of the Great
Mound of Nimrood.

On the Western Wafi of tliis Room are the remains from the Cen-
tral Runs of the Great Mound at Nimroud.

Commencing from the left, the lowest bas-relief represents the eva-
cuation of a cap^ived city. Beneath the walls stand two battering en-
guws, unemployed. Two oarts, each containing two females and a
child. Bad drawn by a pair af bullocks, are leaving the city. In the
distance are eunuchs driving away the captured cattle, and scribes
nuddag an inventory of thcipaU.

104 NIMROUD CENTRAL 8AL00K.

Above, to the left, is a slab, on which is represented an eannch
followed by two pairs of prisoners, with their hands bound behind them.

To tiie right of this is a slab, having sculptured upon it a flock of
sheep and goats, and a driver, whose figure is nearly effaced.

Over these is a slab, having on it two horsemen with spears pursuin^g
a flying figure on a camel. Beneath their feet are three dead men.

Continuing along the Western Wall, on the other side of the
entrance to the Phigaleian Saloon, the lowest slabs bear representa-
tions of two sieges.

That to the left, which has an inscription underneath, has pourtrayed
upon it the walls of a city, against which a battering engine is brought
to work upon an artificial mound. Two archers behind screens are
discharging arrows at the besieged, one of whom appears on the walls^
begging quarter ; in the distance are three impaled persons, and at the
foot of the mound lie two of the slain.

The right-hand slab represents a similar attack of a city on the bank»
of some water, beside which are trees.

Above this bas-relief is a third siege. The city is defended by a
triple tier of walls, with battlements, from which archers are shooting;
the besiegers are working a battering engine, with three archers on
the top, running upon an inclined plane ; in the field are several
warriors fighting, falling from the walls, or lying wounded: a date-palm
tree is introduced, torn up by the roots.

To the left of this bas-relief is another, representing a female leading
three camels, and carrying a vase, originally belonging to the same
frieze as the corresponding slab on the other side (with the flock of
sheep), but separated, as here, by an intervening space.

Over these is the head of a human-headed and winged bull in bas-
relief, with double horns, and a richly-decorat«d tiara.

Against the Northern Wall of this Room is a colossal lion, standing
with open jaws, sculptured in firont and on one side, and covered
with cuneiform inscriptions; at the back is also an inscription. This^
and another similar figure, formed the sides of the principal entrance
to a second small Temple, erected by Sardanapalus, near that of the
God of War, already mentioned.

Against the nearest pilaster, on the East side of this Room, is a
small statue in hard stone, on its original pedestal; it represents a king
standing, with his head bare, and a fringed robe wound round his body,
in his right hand an instrument shaped like a sickle, and in his left a
mace; on his breast is an inscription, delicately engraved. This,
which is the only figure sculptured in the round discovered at Nim-
roud, is from an inner chamber of the same small temple with the lion
just described.

At the North- Eastern Angle of the Room is a group of sculptures
-from the South- Western Edifice of Nimroud, which was erected by
Essarhaddon subsequently to those hitherto mentioned, and decorated
diiefly with bas-reliefs taken from their walls.

The first object is a colossal head, in a triple-homed tiara, of a
winged and human-headed bull, on a larger scale than any yet brought
to Europe. The nose, and lower portion of the face and neck, are
restored.

Next the Northern door are two. slabs: on the upper is a horse*

PHIGAL. SALOON.] GREER SCULPTURES. 105

man, wearing a crested helmet, pursued by two Assyrian horsemen,
who are wounding his horse with their spears.

Below this is a fragment of a subject representing a besieged city : a
bucket lowered by a pulley is seen through the wtdls : one of the be-
siegers is cutting Its rope.

Over the slabs is a head from a small statue, apparently of an
eunuch ; the nose, which was originally a separate piece let in, has
been lost .

On the adjoining Wall is a large bas-relief, divided horizontally into
two tiers, the upper of which bears a representation of a strong city on a
mound or hill, having walls with battlements and towers, and from which
sheep, and captives bearing spoil, are being driven by Assyrian warriors.
The lower scene represents a king in his chariot moving in proces-
sion, part of another chariot appearing before him. The king is at-
tended by a parasol-bearer and a charioteer, and his horses are led by
two ushers. The inscription, which separates the two tiers, mentions,
according to Dr. Hincks, the receipt of tribute from Menahem, King
of Israel, and seems therefore to prove that this sculpture was origi-
nally executed for Pul, who invaded Samaria about 769 b.c.

Above this is a slab on which are two horsemen in conical helmets

Sursuing a third, and thrusting him from his horse with their spears,
behind is a vulture, bearing off the intestines of a fallen warrior.
The door in the North side of this Room leads to the

KOUYUNJIK SIDE-GALLERY.

The sculptures intended to occupy this apartment, which were exca-
vated by Mr. Layard in the Mound of Kouyunjik, neariy opposite
Mosul, were so broken and dilapidated, chiefly from the action of iSre,
that considerable repairs will be necessary before they can be ready for
exhibition. When this Side- Gallery is complete, Mr. Layard*s colleo-
tion will be seen in a continuous series, extending in a straight line to
about 300 feet.

The West Side of the Nimroud Central Saloon opens into the

PHIGALEIAN SALOON.

In two rows, one on either side of the Room, the following statues
and busts are temporarily placed: —

A statue of a satyr, formerly in the collection of the Rondinini
Palace at Rome, and thence called the Rondinini Faun. The torso
only is antique, and the restoration represents a satyr playing on the-
cymbals.

A head of Apollo.

A bust of Minerva, helmeted : on the top of the helmet is the ser*
pent, sacred to her.

No. 8*. A group of Bacchus and Ampelus. Found a.d. 1772^
near La Storta, on the road to Florence, about eight miles from Rome*

A head of Minerva, helmeted.

A statue of a Satyr.

A head of Apollo, formerly in the Grimani Palace, at Venicer

106 GALLEJIY OF ANTiaUITIES. [PfilGALSlAK

No. 2*. A statue of ApoUo, of very earlj Greek work. Purchased
-in 1818} at the sale of the Comte de Choiseul^ouffier's Antiquities.

No. 11*. A statue of Diana, ^ofpiged in the chase. Found in the
jear 1772, near La Storta, at the same spot where the group of Bac-
chus and Ampelus, No. 8*, was discovered. Pi. S. PI. xiv.

A head of Apollo, of early work.

No. 3d. A statue of a Satyr: the trunk of &e tree which supports
the figure is inscribed with the name of the artist, M. Cossutius Cerdo.
This statue, with its repetition, No. 4S, was found h^ Mr. Garin Hamil-
ton in the 3^ear 1775, near Civita Lavinia (the ancient Lanuvium), ia
the ruins of the Villa of Antoninus Pius. PL 2. PL xun.

No. 9 *. A head of the young Hercules. Formerly in the Bar-
berini Palace.

A statue of a Discobolus, who is represented in the attitude of throwing
the discus or quoit, supposed to be a copy in maible of the celebrated
bronze statue made by the sculptor Myro. Found, in 1791, in the
grounds of the Conte Fede, in tne part of Hadrian's Villa Tiburtina,
supposed to have been the pinacotheca, or picture gallery.

A bust of Minerva, the eyes of which were originally inlaid, from a
statue. The helmet and aegis, which are of bronze, are modem.

No. 10 *. A head, supposed to be of Dione.

No. 5*. Statue of Thalia, holding the pedum. Found, A.D. 1776,
in the Maritime Baths of the Emperor Claudius, at Ostia.

At the ends of the Room are for the present placed —

A statue of Libera, or of Ariadne, holding a thyrsus over her right
shoulder, and having a bunch of grapes in her left band : at her feet is
a panther. It was round by Mr. Gavin Hamilton at Roma Vecchia, a
few miles from Rome, on the road to Frascati.

No. 2. A funeral urn, ornamented with representations of eques-
trian, and pedestrian combatants : it was formerly in the collection of
Victor Amadei, at Rome, whence it was purchased in 1768- Pt. 1.
PI. n.

No. 3. One of the feet or supports of an ancient tripod table,
found in 1769, in the Pantanella, within the grounds of Hadrian's
Villa, near Tivoli. Pt. 1. H. ni.

No. 28. A statue of a nymph of Diana, resting after the fatigues of
the chase; found in 1766, near the Salarian Gate of Rome, in the
Villa Verospi, supposed to have been the site of the Gardens of Sallust.
Pt2. PLxxyni.

A draped statue of a female, without a head.

Another draped female statue, of the Roman period.

Two boys (Astragalizontes) quarrelling over the game of knuckle-
bones. Of one figure the arm and hand only are teft. One of the
Astragali may be seen under one of the figures. Found in the Baths
of Titus.

No. 43. A small draped female statue, Wiitbout a head. From
Sparta. Presented hy Colonel Leakey 1838.

A headless statue, of the Roman time.

No. 46. A terminal head of the young Hercules, crowned with the
leaves of the poplar. This head was found in the year 1777, near
^nsano, m the grounds belonging to the Ceaarioi family. Pt 2.

i 1. XLVI.

SAIjOOK.] hbxbx. BcuurruEEB. 107

No. 17. Two termiRal beads, joined back to back; one, of tbe
bearded Bacchus, tbe other, of Libera. Found by Mr. Gavin Hamilton
in an excavation in the neighbourhood of Rome. Pt 2. PI. xvii.

Aiouod tbe udesof the aoom are deposited, during the construction
of the new Greek and Roman Rooms, the following sculptures: —

On the floor, eleven bat-reliefi^ formerly part of the celebrated mau-
soleum at Halicamassus, a tomb erected in honour of Mausolus, King of
Curia, by his wife Artemisia, in the 4th year of the 106th Olympiad,
BX. S53. This monument, one of the seven wonders of the world, was
built by the architects Phiteus and Satyrus, and adorned with sculptures
hj ive acu^toiB, viz.: Pvthis, who made a quadriga for the top;
&30i)as, or Praxiteles, who sculptured the eastern ; Bryaxis, the
nortnem ; Timotheus, the southern ; and Leochares, the western side ;
all aitia^ of the later Athenian schooL The subject of the frieze is
tbe battle of the Greeks and Amazons, and Hercules appears among
the combatants. The style of at least two artists can be traced in these
flcii^tures ; and apparently more sculptures from different parts of the
building have been preserved. In a.d. 1522, these sculptures were
discovered amidst a heap of ruins, and employed by the Knights of
Rhodes in the construction of the castle of St. reter at Halicamassus, the
present fortress at Boudroum, in tlie walls of which they remained en-
cased till their removal in 1846, when they were presented by the Sultan
Abd%al-Mefajid to Sir Stratford Canning, H.M. Ambassador at Con-
stantinople, and by him to the British Museum. In this room are also
placed a circular altar, with a subject in bas-relief, which formerly
atood on the sea-diore of Halicarnassus, and a draped female statue
without a head, sumiosed to represent a Roman Empress in the cha-
racter of Isis, whicn was also inserted into the walls of the fortress of
Boudroum; and two bas-reliefe representing gladiatorial combats ; and
two others, votive offerings to Pluto or ^sculapius ; from Boudroum ;
also frtaenUd by Sir Stratford Caumng.

Bas-relief from a ftieze representing an Amazon on horseback
galloping to the left. Found at Halicamassus, and supposed to have
rormed part of the sculptures of tbe mausoleum. Presented by Com-
mamder Spratt, i2 JV:

Above the preceding, and attached to flie Wall, are —

Nos. 1 — ^23. Bas-reliefe, representing the battle of the Centaurs and
Lapkiias, and the combat between the Greeks and Amazons ; they were
found in the ruins of the temple of Apollo Epicurius (or the deliverer)
built on Mount Cotylion, at a little distance from the ancient city of
Phigalia in Arcadia. These bas-reliefe composed the frieze in the
interior of the Cella. The battle of the Centaurs and Lapithse is sculp-
tured on eleven slabs of marble (1 — 11). That of the Greeks and
AMaiona occupies twelve (12—23). The direction of the slabs be-
longing^ to the former subject was from right to left ; that of the latter
kmm left to right

A circumstance which adds very much to the interest of these mar-
bles is our knovdedge of the precise time when they were executed ;
for Pausanias, in hiad^ciiption of this temple, informs us that it was
Jhrik by Ictinus, an archUect contemporary with Pericles, and who
built tbe Parthenon at Athens. These marbles are all engraved and

108 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [PHICALEIAM

fully described in the fourth part of the description of the Museum
Marbles.

Underneath the Phigaleian frieze are —

No. 24. A fragment of a Doric capital of one of the columns of the
peristyle. From the same temple.

No. 25. A fragment of an Ionic capital of one of the columns of the
cella. From the same temple.

Nos. 26, 27. Two fragments of the tiles which surmounted the
pediments, and formed the superior moulding. From the same
temple.

Nos. 28 — 38. Fragments of the Metopes, found in the porticos of
the pronaos and posticus, which were enriched with triglyphs. From
the same temple.

No. 39. A small tile, which was used for the purpose of coTering
the joints of the greater tiles ; the ornament in front surmounted the
cornice. From the same temple.

No. 40. Another tile used for the same purpose, but on the point
of the ridge. From the same temple.

No. 41. Large fragment of a bas-relief. No. 166, belongs to the
Elgin collection : it represents Hercules preparing to strike Diomed,
king of Thrace, whom ne has already knocked down, and is holding bj
the nair of his head.

No. 41 •. Painted tile. From ^gium, in Achaia. Presented by
Colonel Leakey 1838.

No. 42. Small statue of Hercules, wanting the head, arms, and
feet ; the paws of the lion*s skin, and part of a child, probably
Telephus. are seen below. From the coast of Laconia. Presented
by Colonel Leake, 1838.

No. 44. Hermaic stele of Demeter ; dedicated by Cheionis.
From Mantinea, in Arcadia. Presented by Colonel Leakey 1838.

No. 45. Torso of a naked statue of Apollo. From Luku, proba-
bly the ancient Thyrea, in the Peloponnese. Presented by Colonel
Leake, 1838.

Nos. 46. Small inscriptions dedicated to the Favourable Winds.

No. 47. Head of Jupiter, the Thunderer, of coarse workmanship,
dedicated by a person named Agesilaus. From Dorylseum m
Phrygia.

No. 48. Sepulchral inscription of the tomb of Hermes and Thoiodote»
children of Apollodorus, forbidding under the direst curses any one
except members of the family to be placed in the sepulchre or the
monument to be removed. From Halicamassus.

No. 49. Votive tablet by soldiery on the march from Nacaleia to the
Chersonesus.

No. 51 . Bas-relief, representing a dedication of hair to Poseidon by
Philombrotus and Aphthonetus, children of Deinomachus. Found in
the ruins of Phthiotic Thebes in Thessaly. Presented by CoL Leake,

No. 52, 53. Two circular altars ornamented with festoons of flowerg
and fruit, and with bucrania. From the Island of Delos.

No. 54. Part of a sepulchral tablet of Theophila, a lady.

No. 55. Pedestal of the statue of Jupiter Urius, which stood within
the temple of that god at the mouth of the Euxine. The statue was

SALOON.] GREEK SCULPTURES. 109

dedicated by Philon, son of Antipator, to the god, and was subsequently
removed by Verres.

No. 56. Torso of Triton, in alto-rilievo. The lower part of the
body has been ornamented with metallic work.

At the sides of the Saloon, over the Phigaleian frieze, are two pedi-
ments, of precisely the same form and dimensions as those which deco-
rated the eastern and western ends of the Temple of Jupiter Panhelle-
nius, in the island of ^gina. The ruins of this temple were visited in
1811 by Mr. Cockerell and other gentlemen, and extensive and careful
excavations were carried on, by wnich all the members and details of
the cornice and mouldings have been ascertained ; and the minute and
accurate measurements then made have been the authorities from which
these imitations have been constructed. The greater part of the statues
which adorned these pediments were at the same time discovered, and
every circumstance illustrative of their original position, with relation to
the architecture of the temple, was noted with as much accuracy as the
case would admit. From the notes then made, and from long and
careful study of the sculptures themselves, and the space which they
occupied, Mr. Cockerell composed the groups very much in the mode
in which they are now exhibited. From the violence with which the
temple had been destroyed, probably by an earthquake, all the statues
had been in some degree mutilated, and some so entirely destroyed that
it was in vain to attempt their restoration. Those which were capable
of repair were committed to the hands of Mr. Thorwaldsen, and in
uniting the broken fragments, and restoring the parts of them that were
deficient, that eminent artist has shown the greatest care and sagacity.

The pediment at the north side of the room is taken firom the western
end of the temple; it contains ten figures, and it is supposed that there
was originally one more, who was stooping down to assist the fallen
warrior, who is wounded, at the feet of Minerva. The subject is sup-
posed to be the contest between the Greeks and Trojans for the body of
Patroclus. Ajax, assisted by Teucer and Diomed, endeavouring to
recover the body. Hector, Paris, and ^neas to seize it.

Of the figures which adorned the other pediment only five now re-
main, and the loss of the rest is the more to be lamented, as the sculp-
tures of this eastern end are of a much higher character than those of
the western. From the few figures which are still spared tons, it appears
that the subject of this picture was similar to that of the other pediment,
modified only by the taste and skill of the artist, perhaps the expedition
of Hercules and Telamon against Troy.

At the ends of the room are casts of the metopes of the old temple
at Selinus, which are considered some of the earliest specimens of
Greek art ; they represent Hercules and the Cercopes, or two thieves
of Ephesus ; Perseus, assisted by Pallas Athene, killing the Gorgon
Medusa, out of whom leaps Pegasus ; a female divinity who has killed
one of the giants; and a figure in a biga attended by two others on
horseback. Presented by Samuel AngeU, Esq,

IID GALLEKY OF ANTIQUITIES. [ELGJK

ELGIN SALOON*.

As many of the sculptures m this Room have been referred to, in
TBTJous pubh'catioiiB, by the numbers with which they were marked in
their former situatioi^ those numbers have been jretained; but, to faci-
litate a reference from the Synopsb to the marbles, a fresh set of
numbers, adapted to their present disposition, has been added in
red. The original numbers are subjoined to the descriptions.
Those which have the letter A prefixed refer to such articles as were
originally placed in the room then denominated the Fourteenth.

The objects themselves ure described in (he following order :—

L The Metopes.

2. The Frieze.

3. The Pedimental Sciilptures.

4. Miscellaneous object^ statues, inscriptionfi, &c.

1. The Metopes.

Kos. 1 — 16. SiKteea of the metopes belonging io the Parthenon,
(of which No. 9 is a cast in plaster, from the original in the Royal Mu-
seum at Paris,) which, alternately with the trifflyphs, ornament the
frieze of the entablature surmounting the colonnade : they represent ike
battle between the Centaurs and LApithie, or raliier between &e Cen-
taurs and Athenians, who under Theseus joined the Lapithse (a people
-of Thessaly) in this contest In some of these sculptures the Centatns
are victorious, in o&ers the Athenians have the advuitage, wtule in
others, again, the victory seems doubtful. These magnificent speci-
mens of ancient art are executed with great spirit in slto^lievo ; tkey
were seen originally at a height of nearly forty-four feet froioa the
ground. (11, % 8, 12, 15, 6, 4, 5, 13, 7, 1, 8, 9, 14, 10.)

No. 16 a. Metope of the right ang^e of the north side of the temple,
representing two remalee, one seated on a rock, the other stantfing.

No. 16 b. Metope from ^ left corner of the west fa9ade, repre-
senting a horseman.

No. 16 c Cast of a metope ; Centaur bearing off a female. Re-
cently discovered at Athens.

The sculptures from 17 to 90 (inclusive) compose the exterior frieze
of the cella of the Parthenon, which embellished the upper part of &
walk within the colonnade, at the hei^t of the frieze of the pronaos,
and which was continued in an uninterrupted seriesof sculpture entirely
round the temple. It is in very low relief! The subject represents the
sacred procession which took place at the ffreat PanaiheneBa, a festival
which was celebrated every fifth year, at Athens, in honour of Minerva,
the patroness of the city. The Das-relie6 which compose this frieze are
arranged, as nearly as can be ascertained, in the order in which they
were originally placed in the Parthenon, se^reral iterations having been
made on their removal to their present situation, in oonsequeBoe of t

* All the articles in this room, except a few which are particularly specified*
beloDffed to the Earl of Elgin.

In uiis room are placed two models of the. Parthenon at Athens, made by R. C.
Lucas ; one exhibits the condition in which this temple appeared after the Ixnn-
bardment by the Venetian general, Morosini, in a.d. 1687; the other the same
edifice restored.

lALOOK.] GRESK SOULPTOOaES. lit

more carefiil examiiuition and minute comparison of ihem ivkk draw-
ings made Jbelbre their lemoval from the ten^le. Those on the prin*-
emal Aront of the temple, namely the east, -commence on the left nand
or the visitor as he enters Ike room, then follow those of the north, and
lastly those of the west and sooth.

2. The F&ieze.

Nos. 17 — 24. That portion of the above-mentioned frieae which
occupied the east end of the temple. On two of the slabs which com-
pose this part of tiie fideze are repnaeBted divinities and deified heroes,
seated ; namely. Castor and Pdiux, Cei<es and Triptolemus, Jupiter
and Juno, ^sculapius «nd Hygeia. A diird skb, which represented
four .other divinities, also seatea, has been destroyed. On the right and
left of these sacred chacactens ane trains of fenuiles with their faces
divected to the gods, to ^whom they are carrying gifts : we see also
directors or regulators of the procession, among whom are the officers
vvhoee duty it was to veeeive toe presents that were offered. These fe-
males appear to have headed the procession* and to have been followed
by the victims, charioteers, horsemen, ice, both on the north and south
sides of the temple, T^ch tog^her formed a procession up to the
same point in two separate columns. Nos. 20 and 23 are casts in
|)laster, presented by Sir Francis Chantrey. The original of the latter
IS in the Royal Museum at Paris. The i^er parts of two of the
^£guies in No. 21, the kgs and right arm ^ the youthful figure in
2^ 22, and the two figures placed under the latter number, are abo
of jpkster, from moulds made before the destruction of these figures,
winch took place before the marbles came into the possession of Lord
Etoi. ( 16, 1 7, 16, 18*, 19, 20, A 100, 21. )

Kos. 25 — 46. A portion iif the same fiieze, taken from the north
<ffide <yf the temple. No. -25 is afragment -of a much larger slab ; it
represents two of ^ae MetoBci, or strangers, who settled at Athens, and
were allowed to take part in the procession. They carry on their
shoulders a kind of tray filled with cakes and other articles. The re-
mainder of this part of the frieze rqiresents charioteers and horsemen.
Among the latter are seven slabs, (Nos. 37 — 43,) which, whether we
iOonsiaer the elegance of the compositions, or the ^irit with which the
ifigures of the men and horses are executed, present us with the highest
eibrt of the art of sculpture in the class of low relief. No. 46 having
b&ea placed at the south-west comer of the temple, the figure sculptured
at the end of it belongs to that part of the procession which decorated
the west end of the ceUa. It is repeated in plaster, that the whole of
the western frieze may be seen by the spectator at one view. (22,
24, 23, 34, 98, 177*, 35, 35*, 37, 178*, 36, 35**, 38, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 50, 31, 38*, 32, 33.) The portions No. 25 a, No. 25 e, No. 26 a,
No. 26 e. No. 61*, No. 62*, are casts from portions recently disco-
vered at Athens. A fragment of slab (38) has been presented by
J. IL Smith Barrjf, Esq., 1850.

No. 47. A single slab of the frieze from the west end of the tem-
ple. It represents two horsemen, one of whom is riding before the
other, and seems to be in the act of urging his companion to quicken
his pace. The direction of these figures is the same as that on the
north aide, namely, from right to left (39.)

112 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [BLGIN

There is a peculiarity in the frieze of the west end, which distin-
guishes it from that on the north and south sides of the temple. The
subjects represented on the slabs of those two sides run one into an-
other, that is, what was left imperfect in one slab is completed in the
next ; whereas in the west end the subjects are nearly complete on each
piece of marble. The western frieze is likewise distinguished from
those of the two sides of the temple, by the comparatively few figures
introduced into it.

Nos. 48 — 61. Fourteen plaster casts, composing the remainder of
the frieze at the west end of the temple. ( A. 75—88. )

Nos. 62 — 90. That portion of the same frieze which enriched the
south side of the temple. It represents a procession of victims, cha-
rioteers, and horsemen, and is very similar, in its general character and
appearance, to the frieze on the opposite or north side. With respect
to the victims, none are represented on the part of the frieze from the
north side of the temple yet remaining to us ; but that they formed a
part of the procession on that side, as well as on the south, cannot be
doubted, since Stuart, in his celebrated work on Athens, has engraved
a fragment of one of them. The figure sculptured at the end of No.
90, (on the right of the entrance,) belongs to the eastern portion of
the frieze. No. 62 was presented by C. R. Cockerell, Esq., R.A.
(40*, 41, 41*, .38**, 46, 50, 47, 52, 40, 42, 49, 45, 48, 43, 44, 5J,
^•••, 53, 54, 56, 55, 15», 57, 59, 61, 60, 58, 96, 62.)

At the south side of the room above the frieze are casts of the metope'
at the left angle of the western facade of the Parthenon, representing
a horseman, and of the metope of the right angle of Uie north side,
representing a female, probably a divinity, seated, on a rock, and
another standing before ner. Between them are casts of the portions
of the frieze recently discovered. At the north end of the room is a
cast of the twelfth metope of the south fa9ade of the Parthenon, re»
presenting a centaur bearing off a female, and some additional casts of
that part of the frieze which exhibits the victors in their cars.

8. The Pediment al Sculptures.

Nos. 91—106. Of these Nos. 91 to 98 are from the Eastern Pedi-
ment, on which was represented the birth of Minerva : Nos. 99 to 106
are from the Western Pediment, on which was represented the contest
between Minerva and Neptune for the honour of giving name to the
city of Athens. These sculptures are placed in the order in which
they originally stood in the building.

No. 91. The upper part of the figure of Hyperion, or Helios,
rising out of the sea. His arms are stretched forward, in the act of
holding the reins of his coursers. This figure, which represents the
approach of Day, occupied the angle of the pediment on the left of the
spectator. (65.)

No. 92. The heads of two of the horses belonging to the car of
Hyperion or Helios. They are just emerging from the waves, and
seem impatient to run their course. (66. )

No. 93. A statue of Theseus, the Athenian hero; he is repre-
sented half reclined on a rock, which is covered with the skin of a lion.
Theseus, it is well known, professedly imitated the character of
Hercules: and it is worthy of remark, that the attitude here given to

SALOON.] GREEK 8CULFTUBE8. 113

Theseus is very similar to that of Hercules on some of the coins of
Crotona. (71.)

No. 94. A group of two goddesses, probably intended to represent
Ceres and her daughter Proserpine ; the latter is leaning on the right
shoulder of her mother. They are sitting on low seats, which are
nearly alike in their construction, both of them being furnished with
cushions, and ornamented with mouldings of a similar style. * (77. )

No. 95. A statue of Iris, one of the daughters of Oceanus, and
the messenger of the celestial deities, particularly of Juno. Iris is re-
presented in quick motion, with her veil inflated and fluttering behind
ner; and she appears evidently in haste to execute the mission on
which she is sent, that of communicating to the distant regions of the
earth the important intelligence of the birth of Minerva. (74.)

No. 96. A torso of Victory. The wings of this figure were probably
of bronze : the holes in which they were fastened to the marble may
still be seen. (72,262.)

No. 97. A group of the three Fates. (67, 63.)

No. 98. The head of one of the horses belonging to the chariot of
Night, Selene, or the Moon, which was represented plunging into the
ocean on the right angle of the east pediment, that is to say, the right
angle in reference to the spectator. The car of Day has been already
described, (Nos. 91, 92,) as it was represented rising out of the waters
on the opposite angle of the same pediment (68. )

No. 99. A recumbent statue, supposed to be of the river-god His*
sus. The nissus was a small stream that ran along the south side of
the plain of Athens. This figure, which, with the exception of the
Theseus, is the finest in the collection, occupied the left angle of the
west pediment. ( 70. )

Cast of the mutilated group supposed to represent Hercules and
Hebe.

No. 100. The torso of a male figure, supposed to be that of Ce-
crops, the founder of Athens. (76. )

No. 101. The upper part of the head of Minerva. (See the fol-
lowing No.) This head was originally covered with a bronze helmet,
as appears from the holes by which it was fastened to the marble : and
the sockets of the eyes, which were originally filled with metal or
coloured stones, are now hollow. (118.)

No. 102. Airagment of the statue of Minerva, one of the prin-
cipal figures in the west pediment, and of nearly the same proportions
as the torso of Neptune, from the same pediment. (No. 103. ) This
fragment consists of a portion only of the chest of the goddess, which
is covered, as usual, with the segis. The angles of the eegis appear to
have been ornamented with bronze serpents, and the centre of it to
have been studded with the head of Medusa, of the same metal ; the
boles in which these ornaments were fastened to the marble are plainly
visible. The upper part of the head of this statue, the feet, and a por-
tion of the Ericnthonian serpent, are preserved in the collection. See
Nos. 101, 256, and 104. (75. )

No. 103. The upper part of the torso of Neptune, one of the princi-
pal figures in the west pediment. (64. )

No. 104. See No. 102. (271.)

No. 104*. Cast of a head in the Biblioth^que Nationale at Paris,

114 GALLBBY OF AUTIQUTOES. [ELGSK

guppoBed to haire belonged to- one of the statues of this pedimeBft, mad
presented by M, Charles Lenormantt 1846.

No. 105i The torso of Nik^ ApteroB, or Victoiy without wings,
who was represented in this manner by the Atheniaas to intimate tmt
&ey held their gifts in perpetuity, and that she could not desert them^
This goddess was represented driving tlie ear of Minerva^ oo the west
pediment; the car approached Minerva, aa if tD' Deceive her into it,, after
W successftil contest with Neptune. (69. )

No. 105*. Cast of the head of the Tictery witkoirt mm m die
car of Minerva, in the western pediment of the Fasthenon. ^resemtat
hy the Count de Laborde, 1846.

No. 106. A fraffment of a sroup wfaieb originally consbted of La*-
tona with her two children, Apmlo and Diana; This group was placed
on ^e right side of the west pediment. All that remains in the fragment
before us, is the lap of Latona, with a small poetioiLof the figuce of the
infent Apollo. (73.)

4. MiSCELLANBOUa 0BJEGT8, StATUKS, INSCRIPTIONS, &C.

No. 106*. Cast of the head of a female in fine workmanship, leuad
in excavating for a building in Mercury Street, Athens, between the
temple of Theseus and the ancient gate of the Peloponnesus.

No. 107. The celebrated Sigeaa inscription^ first published by
Chishull, in his " Antiquitates Asiaticse," and afterwards nere cor^
rectly by Chandler in his ** Inscriptiones Antiques." It is written in
tiie most ancient Ghreek eharactera, and in the bomstr&phedoiL manner,
that is to say, die lines follow each other in the same direetion as the
ox passes from one furrow to another in plough!^ The purport of
the inscription is to record the presentation of three vessels, name^» a
cup, a saucer or stand, and a stndner, ftnr the use of tiie Pr3rtBneam, or
hall of justice, at Sigeum. The name of the donor was PhanodicuSytlle
son of HermoeratBs, and a native of I^occHinesiifc (199l)

No. 108. A piece of the ceiling* of the temple of Eceditlieus at
Athens. (299.)

No. 109. The lower pact of a female statue covered with drapery.
(299*.)

No. 1 10k A piece of the shaft of an Ionic column, belonging to 1^
temple of Erechtheus at Athens^ (312.)

No. 111. A colossal £totue of fiacchus, from the dioragic menu-
ment of Thrasyllus, at Athens, B.C. 320. It is a nttifig figfure cov^wd
with the skin of a lion» and with a broad b^t round me waist ; it was
originally placed on the smomit of the edifice, at a. height latiwr
exceeding twenty-seven feet. (205. )

No. 112. The capital,, and a piece of the. shaft of one- of tfie Dene
columns ^the PartlieBon^ (207.)

No. ] 13. An imperfect statue of a youtk;; of tike: size of life, aind
of the most exquisite workmanshipi (9D&)

No. 1 14. A piece of the riiaft of a. coiumn, bdonging to the temple
of Erechtheus at Athens. (304. )

No. 1 15. Part of the jaab of a door, from* the* eastern side of the
same temple.

No. 116. Fragment of a leaf moidding,. from ffie north skie of the
sametem^eu

SJkLOON.] GBEBK SftUUTUHBGL 115

No. 1 17. Part of one of tbe coffen of the sanM temple.

No. 1 18. Egg and tongue nKwiidiag^ from tbe portico tinder the
ceiling. These fragmenla are from the collection of tae late J. Inwood,
Esq. For other fragmentB feonk the same temple,, see Nos. 125 —
127, 219—228.

No. 119Unowlia

Nos. 120, 121, are now 187», 187»».

No. 122. A sepulchral solid urn, having three figures i& bai-relief
on the front The first of these b awensorwith a helmet and a shield,
who is joining hands widi an elderijr man dressed in m long tunic; die
third figure is a female. The inscription underneath these fignces pro*
faably contained the names of the paraes, but is too mutflated to admit
of being deciphered. ( 1 67. )

No. 129. A sepulchsal column, inscribed' wkh the name of Anaxi-
crates, an Athenian, the son of Dexiochus; beneath the inacripdon
is Ae representation of a sepukhral' iim» exeentod in very low i^ef.
(240.)

No. 124 Another monumentel urn, of the same kind, inscribed
with the name of Phsedimus of Naucratis. (A. 51.)

No. 125. The capital of an fanic coluainv from the portico of the
Erechtheum, at Athens. The building to which this singularly beau-
tiful piece of architecture belonged, was a doulde tempk dedicated to
Minervta Rdias and Pandrosus. (A. 47.)

Nos. 126, 127. A poartion of the shaft, and the base, of the same
column. (A. 48, 49.)

No. 1"^ An: ardiitectvral statue ; it was one of the Caryatides
vdiich supported the roof under which the olive tree of AfinerTa was
shelteieain the temple of Pandroena at Adiens. (A. 42.)

No. 129. A piece of the shaft of an Ionic colunm. (A. 43.)

No. tdO. A capital of a Doric oolumn, from tfie Piopylaea at
Atfaens. (20«.>

No. 131. A part of a Doric entablature, from the Propylsaa at
Athens. (9061)

No. 1^. A solid monumentBl nra,. or cenotaph, wi^ ai bas-rdief
in front, not inscribed. ( A. 50.) •

No. 133u The capital of an Ionic column bdon^ing to a temple of
Diana at Daphne, on the road from Athens to Eleusis. (A. 44.)

No. 134. A piece of the shaft of an Ionic column^ belonging to the
same temple. (A. 45i.)

No. 135. The base of an Ionic column, likewise belonging to the
same temple. (A. 46.) See also No. 231.

Nos. 136—149. Casts in plaster from the frieie of the pronaos of
the temple of Theseus. The subject of this frieee is- a battle fou^ in
the presence of six (tivinitie% who axe represented, sitting in die midst
of the combatants. (A. 55— -68.)

Nos. 150 — 154. Casts in plaster from the friese of tiie posticus of
die same temple; The subject of these acn^turea is tbe bme of the
Centaurs snd Lapitbrn. (<A. 60'— 73.)

Nos. 155-151 Castsi inj^Mter of three of the metopes of the
north side of the temple of Theseus at Athens. The first represents
Tbeseuf kilHng Creon, king of Thebes ; the second, Theseus overoom-

116 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [ELGIN

ing Cercvon, king of Eleusis, in a wrestling match ; and the third,
Theseus killing the Crommvonian sow. (A. 52—54.)

Nos. 158, 158*, 159. Two bas-reliefs, and plaster cast of a third,
which formed part of the frieze of a temple of the Ionic order (near
the Propylaea at Athens), and dedicated to the Wingless Victory.
The subject represented on them is a combat between the Greeks and
Persians. (258,257.)

Nos. 159*, 160*, 161*. Three slabs from bas-reliefs of the frieze,
which decorated the substructure of the same temple ; they represent
two females leading a bull, a third standing, and the fourth adjusting
her sandal.

Nos. 160, 161. Two bas-reliefe, from the same temple: the com-
batants appear to be all Greeks. (259, 260. )

No. 162. Fragment of a Greek inscription, very imperfect (182.)

No. 163. Ditto. (183.)

No. 164. A bas-relief, representing a narrow upright vase with
one handle : the form of this vase very much resembles that of the
solid urns, so often used by the Greeks as sepulchral monuments.
(276.)

No 165. A Greek inscription from Athens, signifying that certain
gifts, which are specified, had been consecrated to some goddess, pro-
bably Venus, by a female who held the office of lighter of the lamps,
and interpreter of dreams, in the temple of the goddess. The name of
this female, which was no doubt inserted at the beginning of the in-
scription, is now lost. (88. )

No. 166. An agonistic inscription, in Greek, consisting of the
names of those who had conquered in the foot race of the stadium,
and double stadium; in wrestling; in boxing; in ihe pancratium ; and
pentathlon. (93.)

No. 167. A fragment of a Greek inscription : it consists of twenty
lines of very ancient characters, and seems to be a part of a treaty.
(286.)

No. 167*. A very ancient Greek inscription, known by the title of
the " Marmor Atheniense.'* It relates to a survey of some temple at
Athens, supposed to be the Erechtheum. Brought to England by Dr,
Chandler, and presented to Hie British Museum, in 1785, % the Di-
lettanti Society.

No. 168. A Greek inscription, imperfect, and very much defaced.
It seems to be an inventory of valuable articles contained in some tem-
ple. (277.)

No. 169. A fleuron, from the temple of Ceres at Eleusis. (173.)

No. 170. A capital of a pilaster. (174.)

No. 171. A fragment of a very ancient Greek inscription from the
Acropolis : it contains an account of certain expenses defrayed by those
to whom the care of the public games was confided. The name of the
Archon, under whom the stone was engraved, is efiaoed. (159. )

No. 172. A fragment of a decree ; the beginning is wanting, and
what remains is much mutilated. At the condusion of the decree it
is ordained that the people of Hierapytna in Crete shall affix to it the
public seal. (157.)

No. 173. A Greek inscription written in two columns ; it contains

SALOON.] GBfEK SCULPTUAES. 117

■A list of names arranged in the order of the tribes to which they respect-
ively belQpged. (92. )

No. 174. A votive Greek inscription, dedicated by some sailors, as
a mark of their gratitude, to the Apollo of Tarsus. (223.)

No. 175. A sepulchral column, of large dimensions ; it is inscribed
with the name of Aristides, who was the son of Lysimachus, and a
native of Histisea. (305*.)

No. 176. A frsurment of a bas-jrelief, representing a figure standinj]^
upright in a dignified attitude ; it is probably intended for Bacchus.
(107.)

No. 177. A piece of a frieze, or architectural ornament, from the
tomb of Agamemnon at Mycenae. The sculpture is exceedingly
ancient, and consists of two kinds of scroll-work, one of which repre-
sents the curling of the waves, and the other a series of paterae, which
are perfectly flat and plain. This stone is of a brilliant green colour.
C220.)

No. 177*. Bas-relief representing a bearded man, named Xanthip-

EU8, seated on a chair, and holding in his right hand a votive foot, his left
and presses to him a child, whose looks are directed towards the foot ;
another girl looks towards him. Brought from Athens, by Dr. Antony
Askew, A.D. 1775, and purchased by Mr. Townley.

No. 178. A fragment of a colossal female statue, frbm one of the
pediments of the Parthenon ; it has belonged to a sitting figure, of
which the only remaining part is the left thigh, covered with drapery.
(156.)

No. 179. A circular altar, from the island of Delos; it is orna-
mented with the heads of bulls and festoons in very bold relief.
<106.)

No. 180. A piece of frieze, or architectural ornament, from the
same place as No. 177. It consists of three rows of scroll-work, all
of which are similar representations of the revolving of the waves. The
colour of the stone is bright red. (221.)

Under No. 180 are-
Two fragments from the pillars of the tomb of Agamemnon, at My-
cenae. Presented in 1843, by the Institute of British Architects,

No. 181. A sepulchral column with an inscription to the memory
of Theodotus, who was the son of Diodorus, and a native of Antioch.
(225.)

No. 182. A sepulchral solid urn, with a bas-relief representing
three figures, one of which is seated. The inscription presents us with
the following names : Archagoras, Pyth^Uis, and Polystrasus. (274. )

No. 183. A sepulchral column inscnbed veith the name of Socrates^
son of Socrates, and a native of Ancyra, a city of Galatia. ( 164. )

No. 184. A sepulchral column of Menestratus, the son of Thora-
cides, and a native of Corinth. (168.)

No. 185. A Greek inscription, imperfect, containing an account
of the treasuf^ of some temple, probably those of the Parthenon.
The characters which we see on tMs marble are of a much more modem
form than in the inscription of the same kind, No. 379. (216.)

No. 186. A sun-dial, with four different dials represented on as
many feces. The inscription iinports that it is the work of Phsedrus,
the son of Zoilus, of the deme raeania. From the form of the lette*^

G

118 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [Ei^IK

of this hucription, the sun-dial cannot hare been made much ewlier
than the time of the Emperor Severus. It was found at Athena.
(286.)

No. 187. A fiBgment of a Grreek intcription : it is a decree of the
people of Athens in honour of Hosacharus, a Macedonian. This de-
cree was pafsed in the Arehonsbip of Nkodorus, in the drd year of die
116th Olympiad. (280.)

No. 187*. Part of the capital of an Ionic cohunn. (306*.)

No. 187**. A circular akar, brought from th« island of Delos. It
is ornamented with the heads of bulls, from which festoons of fruit and
flowers are suspended. (907. )

No. 1 18. A solid urn, or cenotaph, in the front of wlncb two 6gures»
a man, and a woman named Ada, are represented joining bands. The
former is standing, the latter is seated. (110.)

No. 189. A fragment of a bas-relief, representing a prooeesion of
three figures, the last of which carries a large basket on his head: tbej
are accompanied by two children. (284.)

No. 190. A fragment of a bas-relief, representing two of the god-
desses, Latona and Diana, in procession. Similar bas-reheft, in a
more perfect state, are preserved in the Albani Collection. The tenople
which is here introduced is probably that of Apollo, which stood in
the street at Athens, called «<The Tripods." (lOd.)

No. 191. A fragment of the upper part of a sepulchral st^e. (96. )

No. 192. A solid iuneral urn, of large dimensions. It has a baa-
relief in front, representing Pamphilus, son of Mixiades, of the deme
iBgilia, standing and joining hands with Archippe, his sister, who is
seated. (237.)

No. 193. A bas-relief, representing a Bacchanalian group, found
among the ruins of the theatre of BmcImis, on the south-west of the
Acropolis. It consists of four figures, eaoh carrying a thyrsus ; vii.,
Baccnus, dressed in the Indian costume, who with his right hand
is holding out a cantharus, into which a female Bacchante is pouring
wine from an oinochoe. On each side of these figures is Silenus,
in a dancing attitude, and one of them is glancing his eye at the
contents of a large crater of wine placed on the ground. (235^)

No. 194. The upper part of the head of the goddess Pasht; it is
remarkable for being ornamented with a crown of serpents, nmilar to
that which is mentioned in the Rosetta inscription. (105.)

No. 195. A Tcry large funeral urn, solid, amd without any in-
scription. It has three fibres in bos-relief; the first of these iaelolhed
in a tunic and is seated ; the second is a warrior standing up and join-
ing hands with the former ; and the third is a boy carrying a large <ar-
cular shield. (228.)

No. 196. A fragment of a bas-relief, representinff a female figure
seated in a chair, with a child standing by her sids ; 3ie upper part of
the woman is wanting. Thk fragm e n t is probaUy part of a sepulchral
monument (162.)

No. 197. A bas-relief, imperfoot, reprewntkig a diariotecrdrivinff
four horses at fiill speed ; a figure of Ylctory is llj^ng tewatde hhn with
a crown. (236.)

No. 198. A fragment of a bas-relief, rc^pfesenting part of tile My
and legs of a boy. (ML>

SALOON.] GREEK BCULPTUEES. 119

No. 199. A cinerary urn, ornamented in front with foar standing
figures ; two of these in the centre, are ioining hands, the other two are
in a pensive attitude. The names of all the figures weie originally in-
scribed on the urn ; the first name is not kgible ; liie others are Pbilia,
MetrodoEa, and Meks. (14a)

No. 199*. A bronze urn, very richly wrought, h was Ibond in-
closed within the marble vase in which it now staiBcb, in a tumulus om
the road that leads from Pert Pirttus to the Salamtnian feriy and
Eleusis. At the time of its discovery, this beautifiil urn contained a
quantity o# burnt bones, a small vase of alabaster, and a wreath of myrtle
in gold. (30a)

No. 199**. A large marble vase ; it is of ao oval form, and witfam
it was found the bronae urn dieacnbed in the precedmg number. (301.)

No. 199***. A chxmkur votive altar, omaoiented with the heads ^
bulls, from which fiestoons are suspended. The inscription, in Greek,
near the bottom, is a prayer for toe prosperity and heauth of a person
named Casiniax. (91.)

No. 200. A smtdl felmale figure, covered with drapery ; it is without
ahead. (90l)

No. 201 . A sepulchral column of Thalia, the daughter of Callistratui,
of Aexone. (149.)

No. 202. A votive Greek inscrqAion, dedicated by Gorgias the
gymnasiarch. (224.)

No. 203. A decree ofthe people ofTenos, in honour of Ammonius,
their benefactor : this decree is directed to be engnv? ed on marble, and
affixed in the temple of Neptune and Amphitrite. Strabo and Tacitus
mention a celebrated temple Ibat was diedicated to Neptune in this
island, and it is highly probable that the same temple was dedicated to
Amphitrite, as wellas to Neptune. Neptune and his s3nnbols frecfuently
occur on the coins of Tenos. (231. )

No. 204. A fraffraent of a bas-relief, on which are represented part
of the skin of an animal and the branch of a tree. ( 158. )

No. 205. Fragment of a Greek inscription, very imperfect. (178. )■

No. 206. A fragment of a Greek inscription, engraved in very
ancient characters, k seems to be a treaty between the Athenians and
the people of Rheginm, a town of the Bruttii, in Italy. (282. )

No. 207. Small statue of Granymede ; part only of the eagle's claw
remains upon the left thigh. (293. )

No. 206. A sepulchral column of Mysta, a native of Miletus,
daughter of Dionysius, and wifie of Rhaton, who was a native of
Thna, a town belonging to the tribe of (Bneis. (111.)

No6. 209—218. Ten small votive tablets: they represent (with
two exceptions) various parts of the human body, and have been
offered up to Jupiter Hypnstos, praying for the care of diseases in
tiiose parts^ or in gratitode for cures already receiiped. The part
of the body which had received a cure has been broken off fW>m
No. 212; but the inscription implies, that Syntrophus presents it as a
mark of his gratitudb to Jupiter HypsistoB. No. 213 is a prsnrer in be-
half of Euphrosvnus. (247, 245, 249, 252^1 , 251, 248^ 246,253^ 250. >

Nosw 219, 220. Two pieces of the ardhitrav« belonging to the
temple of Erechtheus at Athens. (291, 85^ )

• 2

120 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. ' [ELGIK

No. 221.' A fragment of a boy, holding a bird under his arm, and
feeding it. (81.)

No. 222. A sepulchral column, inscribed with the name of Botry-
chus, son of Euphanus, and a native of Heraclea: (278. )

No. 223. A Greek inscription, imperfect^ engraved in very small
characters : it is an enumeration of the sacred dresses which belonged
to some temple. (283. )

No. 224. A fragment of a bas-relief, representing the fore legs
and part of the body of a bull. (160. )

No. 225. Fragment of a Greek inscription ; very imperfect (ISO. )

No. 226. A fragment of a Greek inscription ; it is the latter part
of a decree in honour of a person who had deserved well of some
particular city. It is directed, as in the inscription No. 203, that the
decree shall be engraved on marble, and placed in the temple of Neptune
and Amphitrite. (230.)

No. 227. A small figure of Telesphorus, completely enveloped in
a cloak J it wants the head. (78.)

No. 228. A sepulchral column, with an inscription to the memory
of Biottus, who was the son of Philoxenus, and a native of Diradium.
(275.)

No. 229. A sepulchral stele, with a bas-relief, representing Erasip*
pus, the son of Callinicus, of the deme Oe, in Attica, clothed in a
tunic. (212.)

No. 230. A solid sepulchral urn, with a bas-relief, representing
five figures, executed in a singularly rude style. The first of these
figures is a boy carrying a large circular shield, the second is a warrior,
named Sosippus, joming hands with a third person, who is seated before
him : the group is completed by the introduction of a child, and of a
female whose attitude evinces a dejected state of mind. (239. )

No. 231. ^ The capital of an Ionic column, from the temple of
Diana, at Daphne. (80.) Cf. Nos. 133, 134, 135.

No. 232. The upper part of the shaft of a small Ionic column.
(310.)

No. 233. The capital of a Corinthian column. (308*.)

No. 234. A fragment of a Greek inscription ; it is too imperfect
to admit of a full explanation, but it seems to have been in honour of
a person who had distinguished himself on some occasion by great
humanity. (170.)

No. 235. A fragment of a decree made by a society which is
distinguished by a number of epithets, among which are two derived
from the names of Hadrian and Antoninus. The Society appears to
have been formed of musicians, and the decree to have been passed
in honour of Bacchus and the Emperor Antoninus Pius. A patera is
represented on the upper part of this marble. ( 161. )

No. 236. A sepulchnu inscription, in six elegiac verses, to a young
man of the name of Plutarchus, who died in Ausonia, at a distance
irom his native country. (242.)

No. 237. A Greek inscription, imperfect. (287.)

No. 238. An amphora. (215.)

No. 239. An unimown female head, the hair of which is con-
cealed within a close head-dress. (122.)

B^I^OP^'O • OIISCK SC17LFTUBE8. j 121

1 , No. 240. A fragment of an unknown female heaid. (255.

No. 241. A fragment of a bas-relief, representing an unknown
female head : from the style of the hair, which is curiously plaited, we
may fix the sculpture to about the time of Antoninus Pius. (123.)
.cilo.;242. J^ head of the. bearded Hercules. (120.)

No. 243. A head of the bearded Hercules, similar to the last, but
of larger dimensions. (117.)
. No. 244. A large head. (266.)

No. 245. A female torso, covered with drapery. (296.)

No. 246. A large head. (263.)

No. 247. An unknown bearded head, ver^ much mutilated : it is
larger than life, and is crowned with a very thick cord-shaped diadem.
(119.)

No. 248. The head of a middle-aged man, with a conical bonnet;
it appears to have had very little beard, and is most probably the head
of a mariner. (116.)

No. 249. A fragment of a head, crowned with vine leaves ; it ap-
pears to have been executed at a declining period of the arts. (121.)

No. 250. An unknown female head, the hair of which is confined
within a close elegantly formed cap. The same style of head-dress is
observable on some of the silver coins of Corinth. (114.)

No. 251. The head of a laughing figure, executed in the early
hard ^ginetan style of sculpture. (115.)

No. 252 — 255. Four pieces of the frieze from the temple of
Erechtheus at Athens; they are enriched with flowers and other
ornaments, which are designed with the most perfect taste, and are
chiselled with a degree of sharpness and precision truly admirable.
(127—130.)

No. 256. The base on which a statue has stood ; the feet, which
still remain, are very wide apart, and shew that the figure must
have been in powerful action ; they are presumed to be the feet of
Minerva, from the west pediment of the Parthenon. See No. 102.
(201.)

No. 257. An amphora. (171.)

No. 258. The upper part of a sepulchral st#le, having the inscription,
as well as the arabesque ornament on the summit, perfect. Tne in-
scription is to the memory of Asclepiodorus the son of Thraso, and
Epicydes the son of Asclepiodorus; both the deceased were natives of
Olynthus, a city in Macedonia. (169.)

No. 259. The upper part of a sepulchral st^le, inscribed with the
name of.Euphrosynus. (155.)

No. *260. :. A piece of Doric entablature, originally painted. (154.)

No. 261. A Greek inscription, imperfect at the end, being a con-
tract respecting the letting of some lands and salt pits by the people of
Piraeus. Presented, in 1785, by the Dilettanti Society. (289.)

No. 262. An unknown bust. (100.) ;

No. 263. A sepulchral solid urn, ornamented with reeds, and in-
scribed with the name.of Timo{Aon, the son of Timostratus, and a native
of Anagyrus, whose .intiabitants were of the tribe of Erechtheis. (163.)

No. 264. The capital of an Ionic column belonging to a temple of
Diana, at Daphne, in the road to Eleusis. (295.) Cf. Nos. 133,134,185.

1S2 OALLEBY OF ANTIQUIT££S. [ELGIN

No. 265. A piece vi the shaft of a small Ionic coltram, the lower
part of which is fluted and reeded. (297.)

No. 266. A sepulehral stele, with a very ancient inscription to
the memory of Aristophosa and odien. A peculiarity ocoufs in
this inscription, namdy, ihai the letters »« are twice used for tn»».
(214. )

No. 267. A Greek inscription, enffrated on two sides of a thick
slab of marble. It is an inventory of uie valaable articles which were
kept in the Opisthodomos of the Parthenon at Athens. (305. )

No. 268. A fragment of the capital of a Corinthian column : it is
ornamented with the leaves of the laurel and acandius. (102. )

Shelf6:-.

No. 269. Fragment of a Greek inscription, very imperfect (193.)

No. 270. Ditto. (190.)

No. 271. Ditto. (197.)

No. 272. Ditto. (189.)

No. 273. Fragment (^ a Greek inscription. (179.)

No. 274. A sepulchral Greek inscription, engraved on a piece of
entablature. It consists of two lines in prose, and sixteen m pen-
tameter verse. The name of the deceased was Publius FhsBdms, a
native of Suniam, son of Theopfailus and Cecropia, and grandson of
Pistoteles. The inscription states ihat he was of noble fiunily, and that
his death was followed by the univerBal regret of the Athenians, oa
account of his youth, learning, wisdom, and personal accomplishments.
(158.)

No. 275. A fragment of a cinerary nm, on which are reppesented
four figures in bas-relief. The two central %ure8 consist of a youoff*
man and woman who are joining hands, and whose names are inserib^
al>ove in Greek characters, Demostrata and C!allistus. Two other
figures are standing by the side of these, in a pendve attitude. ( 104. )

No. 276. A Greek inscription, engraved on two sides of a large
piece of marble. It is an inventory of the eacred treasures belonging
to the Parthenon. (298.)

No. 277. Fragment of a figure. (147.)

No. 278. A baB-rebef, representing Hygieia feeding a serpent out
of a patera. She is seated on a throne whuA is covered with a cuddony
and ner feet are placed upon a footstool. She wears a high ornament^
or tuttdus, on her head, and she has a fen, in the shape of an ivy lea^
in her left hand. (238.)

No. 279. A bas-r^e^ imperfect, representing a goddess seated on
a chair or throne, behind wnom are seven figures, four of which are
children ; one of the latter is leading a ram to an altar, the rest are in
the attitude of devotion. (94. )

No. 280. A fragment of a bas-relief, representing a female sitting.
(279.)

No. 281. Fragment of a figure. (146.)

No. 282. A Greek inscription, engraved on two surfeces of a tablet
of marble. It is an inventory of artides of gold and silver belonging
to the Parthenon, and which the quaestors of the temple acknowledge
tiiat they have received firom their predecessors. (31 1. )

No. 283. The upper part of a sepuldual st^le, inscribed with the

8AU>0K.] OftBEK SCULTTUAES. 128

name of Eumachus, who was the son of Eumachus, and of the city of
Alopece. Presented, in 1785, hy the IHltttanti Society. (292 *. )

No. 284. Fragment of a Greek inscription, very imperfect. (184. )

No. 285. A fragment of a Greek inscription, containing a Utt of
Athenians, with twelve difierent townships to which they respectively
belonged ; namely, according to the order in which they occur, Suninm
lonidai, Alopece, Paliene, Hal», Ericea, Colonus, Sphettus, (^riadsB
Thorleus, Hephestia, and Bate. (222.)

No. 286. The upper part of a sepulchral cohmm, with an inscrip-
tion to the memory of a person named Sunon, who was the son of
AriatuB, and a native of Haue in Attica. (217. )

No. 287. Fragment of a Greek inscription, very imperfect. ( 185. )

No. 288. Ditto. (187.)

No. 289. A portion of the cornice from the portico of the Erech-
theum ait Athens. (165.)

No. 290. The upper part of a sepulchral stSle, ornamented vriih
leaves and flowers ; the insertion is to the memory of Chabrias. (226.)

No. 291. A Greek inscription, enffra;ved on three sides of a piece of
marble. The characters are extreme^ ancient ; but unfortunately the
marble has been Yery much mutilated, and the letters defaced. ^30^. )

No. 292. AnamjAora. (211.)

No. 293. A bas-relief, representing a votive figure of Cybele,
seated in a kind of small temple. (97. )

No. 294. Fragment of a Greek in8cripti(m, very imperfect ( 192. )

No. 295. A fragment of a sepuldiral stSle from which the bas-relief
has been almost eatirehr broken away ; the inscription is to the me*
laacjf of Hteroclea, the daughter of Leudus. (218. )

No. 296. Fragment of a Greek inscriptioii, very imperfect. ( 188. )

No. 297. A small tile, in terracotta, which has been used to cover
the loints of tiie langer tiles. The front is enriched with a fleuron and
is also inscribed with the name of the maker, Athenaeus. (lid.)

No. 298. A votive monument with two Greek verses, signifying
that Horarius had dedicated some lamps, which he won in the ffimiesy
to Mercury and Hercules. The bas-relief above, which probably re-
presented the two deities here mentioned, is almost entirely broken
avi»y ; only the feet of one figure remain. (219. )

No. 299. Fragment of a Greek inscription, very imperfect. (198. )

No. 300. A small bas-relief, imperfect, representing Cybele seated
Presented, in 18^, by John P, Gundy JDeering, Esq, (103 •. )

Nos. 301^-309. Fragments of figures, many of which have be-
longed to the metopes of the Parthenon. (131 — 134, 136 — 140.)

Nos. 310 — 315. Fragments of colossal statues, some of which have
probably belonged to figures which stood in the pediments of the Par-
thenon. (261, 264, 287, 270, 272, 271 •.)

No. 316. A small statue of a Muse, without a head; it was pro-
bably intended to represent Polyhymnia. (208. )

No. 317. A sepulchral column, inscribed with the name of Calli-
machus, who was a native of die deme of Aexone, and the son of Callis-
tratus. (209.)

No. 318. A base of a column brought from the plains of Troy.
(210.)

No. 319. Fragment of a figure. (143.)

124 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. ' [ELGIXT*^

• No. 320. Fragmehtjof No. 327. (141.) ' * -. ^

No. 321. The chest of a female .^gure, covered with drapery^ it.
has. probably beloqged to one of the metopes of the Parthenon. (79.)

No. 322. Fragment of No.: 327. * (142.) . '

No* 323. . A fragment of a metope of the Parthenon ; it is the torso
ofone of the LapithoB.' (294.)

No. 324. An oblong shallow vessel for containing holy water.
The front is ornamented with a bas-relief representing five figures, one
of which, probably Juno, is seated on a throne ; of the remaining
figures, three females are imploring the benediction of the goddess ixr
behalf of their children, whom they are carrying in their arms, and a
fourth is bringing oblations. From Cape Sigeum, near the plain of
Troy. (99.)

No. 325. A colossal head, much mutilated ; it was found in the tem-
ple of Nemesis, at Rhamnus, in Attica, and is supposed to be the head of
Nemesis. Presented, in 1820, by John P. Gandy Deering, Esa. (273. )

No. 325*. A female statue without head and arms, founa in the
temple of Themis at Rhamnus in Attica. Presented, in 1820, by
John P. Gandy Deering, Esq. (307*.)

No. 326. The feet of a male statue, on the plinth. Presented, in
1820, by John P. Gandy Deering, Esq, (107*.)

No. 327. A torso of a male figure, probably that of ^sculapius»
(202, 135, 151.)

No. 328. . A sepulchral column to the memory of Callis, who was
the daughter of Strato, and a native of the city of Gargettus. (203. )

No; ^9. ; Abase of a column, brought from the plains of Troy. (204. >

No. 830. A fragment of a square altar, which has probably been
dedicated 4o\Bacchus. The ornaments on two of the sides only have
been . preserved ; these ' represent female Bacchsuites in . dancing atti-
tudes. 'One of; the figures holds a shawl or veil in her hands, the other
brandishes! a thyrsus. (112.)

No.* 33 r. ' A fragment of a sepulchral stele ; the inscription is very
imperfect,' but records the name of Musonia. The summit is orna-
mented with the figure of a butterfly on some fruit. (150. )

No. 332. A fragment of a statue of Hygieia. (125. )

No. 333. A small fragment of a very ancient Greek inscription,,
written in the boustrophedon manner. Presented, in 1785, by the Dilet'
tanti Society. (81 *. )

No. 334. An imperfect Greek inscription, engraved on three sides
of a piece of marble, in very ancient letters. Presented, in 1785, by the
Dilettanti Society. (87.)

No. 335. A fragment of a bas-relief, with part of an inscription. (126. )

No. 336. A, bas-relief, imperfect, inscribed with the names of Aris-
todice, Aristarchus, and Athenais, natives of Sestus. Presented, in
1785, by the Dilettanti Society. (236*. )

No. 337. Part of the stem of a candelabrum ornamented with four'
female figures, one of which is playing on the lyre, and the others, with
joined hands, are leading the dance. (124.)

Nos. 338, 339. Fragments of colossal statues. (265, 269.) t

No. 340. A part of a colossal foot, probably belonging to a figure
in one of the pediments of the Parthenon. (244. ) >

No. 341. The left knee of a colossal statue of very fine work : it

SALOON.] OREEK SCULPTURES. 125

has probably belonged to a figure in one of the pediments of the Par-
thenon. (256. )

No. 342. Fragment of a statue. (268.)

No. 34a Ditto. (144.)

No. 344. An amphora. (176.)

No. 345. A funeral inscription to the memory of Polj^llus; it
consists of one line in prose, and two in verse. Tbe line in prose
gives us only the name and titles of Polyllus, and the verses intimate
that Polystratus had erected a statue to the deceased, and had placed
it under the protection of Minerva ; the marble on which this inscrip-
tion is cut formed a part of the base on which the statue stood. (292. )

No. 346. A Greek inscription, relating to the Erythraeans: the
characters are verv ancient. (288. )

No. 347. A ffagment of a decree of the Athenians, engraved on
a very large piece of marble. So much has been broken away from
this inscription, that the precise object of it is not easily collected: it is
ordained, however, that the decree shall be fixed up in the Acropolis.
(281.)

No. 348. A very ancient Greek inscription, which has served as an
epitaph on the tomb of the Athenian warriors killed at Potidsea. This
inscription, which originally consisted of twelve elegiac verses, has suf-
fered from the injuries of time. (290. )

No. 349. Ft^gmentof afigure. (145.)

No. 350. Fragment of a Greek inscription, very imperfect ( 195. )

No. 351. A sepulchral stSle, with an ornament of flowers on the
summit. It is inscribed with the names of Hippocrates and Baucis. ( 1 75. )

Nos. 352 — 360. Casts in plaster of the fneze of the Choragic
Monument of Lysicrates, commonly called the Lanthom of Demos-
thenes, erected in honour of a victory in a musical contest, b.c. 334.
The subject of this frieze is the story of Bacchus and the Tyrrhenian
pirates. (A. 89, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90.)

No. 360*. Cast in plaster of the capital of a column from the same
monument

No. 361. A fragment of a bas-relief, representing an elderly man
before one of the gods, probably Bacchus, who appears to hold a vase
in his right hand. (84. ) '

No. 362. A fragment of a decree of the people of Tenos, in
honour of some benefactor, whose name is not preserved on the
marble. (232.)

No. 363. A fragment of a public act relating to the people of
Athens and Myrina. (234. )

No. 364. A fragment of a public act of the Athenians ; it consists
of twenty-one imperfect lines, and seems to relate to the repair of the
pavements and roads in the neighbourhood of Athens. (233.)

No. 365. An architectural fragment, which has formed one of the
ornaments of a roo£ (243. )

No. 366. A sepulchral Greek inscription in ten verses, of which the
first two and the last two are in the elegiac measure, and the rest are
hexameters. The inscription is in memory of a young lady of extra-
ordinary beauty, named Tryphera, who died at the early age of 25*

years. (1^^)

No. 367. An architectural fragment, similar to No. 365. (254.)

Q 3

126 GALLBftY OF AMTiaUITIES. [SIjQUf

No. 368. A Greek iosoriptioii reUag t9 OrofOB. I^rmmted, im
1820, by John P. Oarufy Deerina, Esq, (106*.)

Nos. 369, 370. Fragments of Gireek inwriftkNM, very inpedbci.
(191, 196.)

No. 371. A fragment of a bas-rdie^ reproMotnig Minerra pUcing
a ctonm iipon a penoQ^ head. (69. >

Ho. 872. A 8epul<^c^ 8l£le with a GFeek inaer^pHon, eoaaiatiBg o€
four Hnes and a bal^ port of which is wiittea in profle and part in vene.
Hie inacription infenm «8 Ihat ihe losmiwnfmi was ereded bj a molber
t» liie memory of her two mbb, Diitrephea and PerieleB, the fonaer of
whom wat a soldier of Puinm ; and abo to tiie memory of her daugh-
ter, whose name was Agnes, and that of her brother, Demoi^ioon, who
was a soldier of Parium. ( 1 72. )

No. S7a A aepulchral st^.. The bas-reHef in front, the lower
part of which is broken away, represents tw« females joiniag hands, one
of whom is seated and yeikd, iSbe other standing. Between these a|>-
pears an old man, clothed in a tnnie, and staoding in a pensive attU
tude. (229.)

No. 374. A Totire Greek tnaoription of Andslhenesi the priest of
Pandion : he was the son of Antipmites, and belonged to the tribe o^
Pandionis. (96.)

No. 375. A bas-relief, representing a young man standing between
two goddesses, Vesta and Mioenra, ww> are orowning ham. (82. )

No. 376. A bas-ffelief, cepresenting two diTinities, namely, Jupiter
seated on a ^one, and Juno standing before him; the latter is re-
moving the veil from her &oe, as if to adcheas the king of the
goib. (227.)

No. 377. A Greek Insoription, imperfect, but (^ which fifty-ire
lines remain, ft is wittten in the BoBotian MoAic dialect, and is a
treaty between the cities of Ordiomenus in Bseotia and Elateea in Pho-
cis, respecting some payments doe from the Ovehomenians to the £la-
taans. These payments were fer the rent of certain pastures which -die
people of Elatsea nad let out to the Orch'omenians. The treaty con-
finns the payment of tiie stqnilated sums, and lenews <he letting of pas-
tarafi^ for fenr years. -(177. )

No. 378. A Greek inscription, enffraved on two ddes of a tablet of
marUe. It is a decree of me •ooimcil'of the Boeotians, ordaining the
Section of three extraordinary magistreies, who, in concert with t^ or-
dinary magistrates, were to take charge of tiie re-casting of some articles
of 0om and silver, belonging to the temple of Amphiaraus, and which
had been injured by the effects of time. (302. )

No. 379. A Gre^ inscription, impeifeet, engraved in very ancient
characters: it seems to be an inventoiy of some treasures, probably those
contained in the Pisrthenon, and whieh the Qunstors acknowledge to
have recisived fiiom their predecessors in the sameolBce. The inscription
not only fills one side of the marble, but also Ihe right edge. (200. )

No. J60. A fragmentof ahasHnelief, representing throe figures sacri-
ficing before an ahar. (iOL)

No. 981. A Greek inscrmtian in the Doric dialect; it is a dedica-
tion to BacdniB, by Akuas the son of Kicon, and Cephisodorus the
son of Aglaophsedas, who had both been victorious in the choruses of
men. (83.)

No. dSa Frq(nK»t of a Greek ipscription, very inperfect ( 186. )

No. 383. A bas-relief, imperfect; it represents three goddesies,
ope of whom is seated on a throne. (108. )

No. 384. A sepulchral stdle, in which an equestrian figure, with an
attendant on £i»ot, is r^reseated in bas-relief. Above the figures is an in-
scnption* consisting of three verses, of which the second is a pentameter,
and the two others hexameters; they record the name of the de-
ceased, Aristocles, who was the son of Menon, and a native of Piratus.
(213.)

Nofi. 385, 386. Fragments of Greek wacsiptioita, very imperfect.
(194, 181.)

No. 367. A Greek inscription, beinff a decree of the people of Athens,
and of the Piraeus, in honour of Cafiidamas. Brought from. Athens
to England by Dr. Chandler, and prewU^ to the British Museum in
1785^ the DUtttanii Society.

No. 388. Inscription^ found at Hahcan^assus, offering the sale of
the priesthood of Diana Pergaia, and reciting the emoluments of that
office. It is dated in the month of Hcraelius, under the eedikship of
Cfaarmylus ; Menedes, son of Phonnio, being the prytanis, and Dio-
dotus, SOB of Hedonicus, the scribe. Presented by J, Taylor, Esq.

No. 389. Pact of one of the antefizal ornaments of the Par-
thenon.

No. 390. Antefizal ornan^ent from the Parthenon, cast in plaster.

No. 393. Lion's head, from the roof of the Parthenon.

No. 397. Fra^pnent of a small female figure, from the plains of
Marathon. Formerly in Dr. Gideon ManJtms cdHsction.

No. 398. Capital of an Ionic column, supposed to have anciently
formed part of the temple of Artemis Eucleia at Athens.

No. 999. Part of the painted Mseander, ornament from the in-
side of the peristyle of the Parthenon.

No. 400. Part of the volute of a Corinthian capital, from the interior
of the Parthenon.

No. 401. Fragment of a tablet, found near the Acropolis of Athens ;
on it is a crown and the word O AHMOX, showing that the person for
whom it had been erected had a crown voted from the state.

No. 403. Astragal, egg, and dental moulding.

No. 404. Volute of one of the capitals of a column, from the temple
of Nike Apterog.

No. 4Q& Fragment of a stele, with an elegant acroterium.

No. 406. Fcagment of a sepulchral tabled inscribed with the word
Euoleia.

No. 407. Part of an elegant moulding.

No. 410. Volute found near the north front of the Acropolis of

Athens*

No. 411. EUegant antefixal ornament, from the temple of Aphro-
dite, in the Gardens at Athens.

No. 412. Antefixal ornapent, firom Athens.

No. 413. Antefixal ornament, from Athens.

No. 414. Ante^jud ornament, from Athens.

No. 41.& Plain sepulchral tablet ; on it the name of a person, tho
«on or daughter of Cbierippe. From Athens.

No. ^7« Anteftxal oraaiaent or roof .tile, from Athens.

128 GREEK SCULPTUEE8. [ELGIN SALOON

No. 418. Elegant fleuron, from Athens. From Mr, InwootTs col-
lection.

No. 419. Fragment of a large bas-relief, representing the upper
part of a draped female figure, from Athens. •

No. 420. Fragment of a small tablet; on it, in bas-relief, the lower
part of the figure of Pallas Athene, standing, holding a patera in her
right, and a spear in her left hand.

No. 421. Fragment of an inscription.

No. 422. Fragment of the head of a warrior, from a bas-relie£

No. 423. Fragment of a tablet; youth and elderly man biddmg
adieu.

No. 424. Fragment of a sepulchral tablet, in red marble, with
commencement of a name — Dein. .—such as Deinarchus, or Deinoma-
chus ; from Laconia. JProm Mr. Inwood's collection.

No. 425. Fragment of an honorary inscription of cititensbip, in
favour of a bene^atctor ... in red marble ; from the Acropolis of
Cythera.

No. 426. Fragment of a tablet, in red marble, portion of a name.

No. 427. Fragment of a sepulchral stele, in red marble ; on it part
of a female figure; from Mycenoe. From Mr. Inwoocfa collection.

No. 428. Fragment of a sepulchral stele, in red marble ; on it the
vord farewell s from Mycenae. From Mr. Inwood* 8 collection.

No. 429. Part of a tablet, above feet of two human fig^ures, lion
and three balls ; from M ycenee.

No. 429*. Small tablet^ representing a votive offering to Eilithyia>
by two females and a child ; from Laconia.

No. 430. A small bas-relief, representing two females and a child
offering crown and palms ; from Laconia.

No. 431. Part of a bas-relief, upper part of a recumbent male and
female figure ; from Laconia.

No. 432. Bas-relief; upper part of a half-draped youth, standing,
and elevatine his left hand, in which he holds a lantern (?) ; before hin»
is a boy or slave, and a column on which is a cat ; from Athens.

No. 433. Cast of a small tablet, on which, in bas-relief, is Pan,
seated on a rock, having before him a nymph enveloped in drapery,
probably Echo; from Athens.

No. 434. Cast of a tablet, on which, in bas-relief, is a bearded man
holding a patera, reclining on a couch, under which is a dog ; at the
foot of the couch is a female seated on a chair, and a youth ministering
wine ; at the head a draped bearded man ; from Athens.

No. 435. Cast of the tablet of Euthydea, daughter of Diogenes,
who is represented bidding adieu to her parents, or other mem^rs of
her family; from Athens.

No. 43(5. Tablet, surmounted with an elegant fleuron, and inscribed
with the name of Epicrates, son of Cephisus, and of the demos of the
lonidai ; from Athens.

No. 437. Plaster cast of a fleuron, from the top of a sepulchral
tablet; from Athens.

No. 438. Cast of a sepulchral tablet ; a youth holding his horses
by the bridle, making an offering to a serpent twined round a tree,
on the top of which is a crow; a slave boy brings him bis helmet,
his thorax and shield lying at the side of the tree ; from Athens.

LYCIAN SALOON. 129

1^0. 439. Cast of the tablet of Nik^, daughter of Dosftheofl, a
native of Thasos, seated and bidding adieu to her husband ; a child
looks towards her.

No. 440. Tablet inscribed with the name of Timon, a native of
Sinope.

No. 441. Tablet of Smichylion, son of Eualcides, one of the corpo-
ration of potters. From Athens. Presented by A. Robinsotit Esq. R.N,

No. 442. Bas-relief representing a shield, on which are inscribed
the names of the ephehi of Athens, under Alcamenes, when he held the
office of cosfiietes. Removed from a church at Athens by Dr. Antony
Askew, and said to have formerly belonged to the Parthenon.

The Elgin Saloon is united with the Lycian by a room recently
built, which will be used for the extension of the Greek collection.

LYCIAN SALOON.

The Sculptures in this Room consist of the remains of ancient cities
in Lycia, one of the south-west provinces of Asia Minor, inhabited by
a mixed population of an aboriginal race called Solymi and Termilae,^
and by the Greeks, who had colonised it at an early period before the
epoch of the Trojan war. These monuments were removed from
that country by two expeditions undertaken by Her Majesty's Govern-
ment in the years 1842—1846, under the directions of Sir C. Fellows,
by whom the greater part of them were discovered. They consist of
sculptured remains, ranging in date from the subjugation of the country
by the Persians, B.C. 545, to the period of the Byzantine Empire.
With them are exhibited some plaster casts of certain other sculptures,
of which the removal was not found practicable, but of which facsimiles
were necessary as illustrations of the history of art, and as documents
for the study of a language and written character found in Lycia, and
apparently peculiar to that part of Asia Minor. These objects are all
from the city of Xanthus, except when otherwise specified.

No. L Bas-reliefs from the Harpy tomb, which stood on the
Acropolis, close to the Theatre. The sculptures, as will be seen by
the model placed near it, decorated the four sides of a rectangular
solid shaft, about seventeen feet high, weighing eighty tons, and
supported a roof with a moulding, inclosing a chamber seven feet
six inches square, entered by a small low door on the west side.
This monument was never finished, the projection fqr raising the shaft
still remaining, and the shaft having been polished only half way up.
Its base was shaken, probably, by one of those earthquakes by which
the country is known to have been visited, and two of the slabs on the
western side were found thrown on the ground. Various conjecturar
explanations of the sculptures have been proposed. The scene on the
west side [6] has been supposed to represent Hera or Juno seated, and
holding a cup before the sacred cow of lo and Epaphus, Aphrodite, and
the three Charites or Graces ; others consider that the two seated
figures represent Demeter ^ Ceres), and Kora (Proserpine), and
the group between them the Three Horse or Seasons, or the
Erinnyes or Furies. Three difierent explanations have been pro-
Posed for the scene on the east side [a], 1, Tantalus bringing to

ISO hXClAH 0ALO0V.

Pandantf is Lycia the eolden ciog stoUo from Cr^te. 2. Asclepios
( JBiiculapius)> the seated figuve, in front Teleqpborus, or Ganjmedes
and Artemis, behind him Charis and Pitho, two of the Graces. 3.
IN^ptune seated, before him a hoy ofl^ng a cock> and a man leaning
on a staff; behind, Amphitrite and Amymone. On the north side
re], at the comers* are bvo Harpies flying away with two of the
daughters of Pandarus, haiiring been sent for that purpose by Zeus, to
avevge the theft and perjury of their fether ; a third aaughter, Aedi»n,
who was saved from destruction, is represented fellen on her knees
and deplonng the fate of her sisters. On this sidtf lUso is a seated dir
vinity, conjectured to be Zeus, or Pluto, under whose chair b an ani<P
mal, either a bear or boar ; before him staoids an armed man ; they hold
a helmet between them. On the south side [d], at the comers, are
two Harpies bearing off two of the daughters of Pandarus. In the
centre is a seated £vinity, supposed to be Zeus, and a female offer-
ing a dove, perhaps Aphrodite.

Nos. 2 — 8. Sculptured slabs representing satyrs, a lion devouring
a deer, pandier, dog, bull, and boar. These form a kind of frie«e ;
they are executed in the stone of the country. Acropolis.

Nos. 9 — 16. Narrow frieze of cocks and hens, executed in the same
style. Acropolis.

Nos. 17 — 21. Frieze, perhaps from a tomb ; a procession of two
chariots, with old men and youihfiil charioteers, a led horse, a horseman,
five figures of priests and priestesses with wands and torches, an armed
female and a youth standing at the side of a column and chair. AcrO'
poUs,

No. 21*. Fragment, apparently part of a chair.

No. 22. Bas-relief, part of two draped females wearing sandals, one
raises with her left hand the border of her talaric tunic.

No. 23. Triangular fragment, probably the sable end of a tomb ; a
male and female figure seated, one on each side of an Ionic column*
on the top of which is a Harpy. Traces of colour remain on thiii
slab. Acropolis.

Nos. 24 — 21. Fragments, amparently gable ends of a tomb with
recesses, having on them the Sphinx, represented with the &ce of a fe-
male, the body of a lion, and the wings of a bird, as the daughter of the
Chimcera, the indigenous monster of Lycia. Acropolis.

Nos. 28 — 30. Draped torsos of three architectural figures, in diploid
talaric tunics, one edge of which they seem to have been rai^ng.

No. 30 a. Fragment, apparently of a similar figure.

No. 31. Chest; or soros, found on the top of one of the stiles or
pillar tombs. At the end, in bas-relief, is a lion fondling its cubs ;
and on one side a man standing and stabbing with a sword a lion
standing on its hind paws; at me other side, a man mounted on
horseback, followed by another on foot, and a hoplite holding a
laree Argolic buckler.

No. ^. Fragment, apparently from the other end of the same or
a similar sarcophagus ; on it a lioness fondliqg two cubs, one of which
she holds in her jmouth.

No. 33. Square block, from the aides of which issue the fore parts of
two lions. It was found at the foot of the inscribed monument, of
which it was probably the episiema or crowning dacoration. Compare

LVCXAN SALOON. ' 131

Uie r«f>reMntati<>a of a building surmounted by a sphinx wad two lions
ID No. 61.

Nos. 34 — 140. These sculptures and architectural members formed
part «f the buildiog, of which a restored model, with a ground plan
of the remains as they were found in situ, and a picture of the
scene of the discovery, are placed in this room. The model,
made under the direction of Sir C* Fellows, and presented by lum,
exhibits an Ionic peristyle building, with fourteen columns running
rottad a solid ceUa, and the statues in the intercohimniatioDs, placed
on a base, which stands upon two steps. The general dimensions are
as follows: — Height from t(m of the pediment to base, 35 ft. 9 in. ;
12 ft. 9 in. height of base; o ft. 4 in. breadth of broad frieze; 2 ft.
breadth of narrow frieze ; 10 ft 5 in. heijj|;ht of columns ; 1 ft. 6 in.
breadth of frieze of ceUa ; 1 ft 6 in. breadth of external frieze ; 3 ft.
I^ In. height of pediment; 20 ft. breadth of base, 28 ft. length of
base ; 9 ft. breadth of ceUa ; 15 ft. length of ditto.

The object of this building has not yet been clearly ascertained;
by some it has been considered as a trophy in memory of the con-
quest of Lycia by the Persians under Harpagus, in the 3rd year of
the 58th (Xympiad, £.c. 545, and probably erected about the 76th
Olympiad, fi.c. 476; by others the sculptures have been placed as late
as the 83rd or even 96tn Olympiad, bjc. 450 — 395. Another conjec-
ture is that their subject represents the suppression, by the Persian
satrap of Lycia, of the revolt of the Cilicians against the Persians,
B.C. 387, Olymp. 98, 2.

Nos. 34—49. Sculptures of the broader frieze which is supposed to
have been placed round the base : they represent a series of conte^ of
warriors armed in the Greek manner with helmets, crests, and Argolic
bucklers, thoraces and greavei^ and more lightly armed antagonists,
some being only in tunics, or naked, and wearing only helmets;
horsemen, &c. On Nos. 39 and 46 will be seen Asiatics wear^
ing the pointed cap called cidaris, and lon^ tunics, fighting against
Greeks. On No. 45 is a warrior to whose shield is attached the object
called by Homer Xett^^'w, and used as a protection for the legs against
missiles.

Nos. 50 — 68. The narrow frieze which ran round the upper part
of the base. On Nos. 50, 51, 52, 53, is seen the attack of the town
and main gate of a city, supposed to be Xanthus; this gate is de-
fended by a low flanking tower with windows; the besiegers have
planted a^ scaling ladder, which two warriors are supposed to be hold-
ing on securely by ropes. Three hoplites, having taken off their
sandals, are seen mounting the ladder ; a fourth has already marched
into the tower ; the other troops, called on by their officers, advance
rapidly to the attack. Nos. 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, represent a general
.combat between Greeks, some armed as honlites, against others wearing
long tunics. Nos. 60, 61, a walled city with its buildings, within which
are tombs and temples, and the heads of the besieged looking over the
battlements. On No. 62, a Persian satrap or monarch seated, supposed
to he Harpagus, attended by ikis guards and a slave holding over
his head an umbrella — ^the emiblem of sovereignty— receiving a depu-
tation of two elders from the besieged city. Nos. 65, 66, sally

1d2 LYCtAN SALOON.

from the town \ the garrison appear on the walls, while die women
throw up their arms shrieking m despair. No. 67 is supposed to be
the retreat of the defeated Lycians into the city.

No. 69. Capping stones of the east front of the base, which was
decorated with a double band of egg-and-tongue ornament : on the
comer ones are sculptured the antefixai ornament.

Nos. 70 — 74. Columns and portions of columns from the peristyle
of the building.

Nos. 75— &. Statues which were placed in the intercolumniatioiis :
they represent females having at their feet marine emblems, such as a
dolphin, crab, eel, and the sea bird halcyon, and passing through the
air rapidly, as we see by the action of the drapery. These figures are
supposed to have reference to the arrival of Latona, with her children,
Artemis and Apollo, at Xanthus, or to the naval victory over Evagoras,
or to represent the Ionian and MoWwa cities, which assisted Harpagus
in the taking of Xanthus.

Nos. 85 — 91. Fragments of similar figures.
Nos. 92, 94. The capitals of the two pilasters of the east front of
the building, with capitals of leaves and fleurons.

Nos. 95 — 105. The narrow frieze which vras disposed round the
cella of the building : the subject is an entertainment, the guests re^
dining upon couches, served with wine and attended by female singers
and musicians, and a sacrifice of rams, bulls, and goats.

Nos. 106—109. Six of the lacunaria or coffers of the ceiling,
which are supposed to have come from the eastern front ; the details of
architectural ornaments, consisting of an egg-and-tongue moulding, ante-
fixai ornaments, &c., were painted on them.

Nos. 110—123. The narrow fiieze which is supposed to have gone
round the exterior of the buildins ; it represents presents of dresses,
horses, &c., brought to a satrap ; the hunt of the bear and of the wild
boar, and a battle of horsemen and foot-soldiers.

No. 124. Moulding from the noi-th comer of the eastem pediment.
No. 125. Eastern pediment with sculptures executed in relief, re-
presenting male and female figures, probably divinities, seated, and
others standing.

No. 126. Half of the western pediment — six warriors on foot, the
first &llen, sustaining the charge of a horseman.

Nos. 127, 128, 129, 130. Upper comer stone of the eastern
pediment. No. 127 is the keystone of the pediment, and shows the
manner in which it was tenonea into the roof.

No. 131 a. — f. Six lions' heads which decorated one of the sides
of the roof.

No. 132. Draped figure of a female in rapid motion, from the
south acroterium, like those previously describea, 75 — 84.

Nos. 133, 134. Figures of youths bearing females, conjecturally-
placed on the apex of tne pediment

^o. 135. Draped female figure, similar to No. 132, from the north
acroterium of the pediment-

Nos. 136, 137. Lower portion of two figures in rapid motion, from
the north and south ends of the west pediment.
Nos. 138 a. — d. Roof tiles from the builcUng.

LYCIAN SALOON.' 139'

No8. 139, 140. Two crouching lions/found at the base of the monu^
ment, and conjecturally pladed in the intercolumniation in the modeL

No. 140*.. Fore and hind foot of a similar lion,
■ No. 140**., 'Fragment of sculpture from an angle of a biiitding,
crouching warrior and bull, found between the Harpy tomb and the
Acropolis.

No. 141 a.' Cast of the stele or pillar, a portion of the monument
called the Inscribed Monument ; it is covered on the four sides with
a long inscription in the language of the ancient Lycians, in which
there is mention of the son of Harpagus, and several Lycian towns
and states ; on the north side is a Greek inscription of twelve hexameter
lines, which, commencing with the first line of one of the epigrams of
the poet Simonides, who flourished b.c. 556, records the warliice exploits
of the son of Harpagus, and that this column was erected in consequence
in the agora, or market-place of the twelve gods.

No. 141 b. Fragment of a bas-relief representing two figures, one
armed and advancing, the other fallen; found at the base of the
inscribed stele.

No. 142. Tomb of a satrap of Lycia named Paiafa, resembling a
wooden coffer or roofed house, with beams issuing forth at the sides ;
the upper part roofed with an arch resembling the early Gothic. The
groove in the ridge surmounting the arch was probably for the
insertion of a bulPs head of some other material, these tombs being
represented so decorated in the Lycian rock sculptures. On each side
of the roof is an armed figure, perhaps Glaucus or Sarpedon, in a
chariot of four horses, and along the ridffe a combat of warriors on
horseback, and a Lycian inscription recording that the tomb was made
by -Paiafa; at the east side are two naked figures and sphinxes, at the
iwest two sphinxes and a small door for introducing the corpse. On
the north side below is a combat of warriors on foot and horseback,
and the satrap Paiafa seated, attended by four figures. On the east
side other figures of men or gods, and an inscription recording that the
tomb was made by Paiafa. On each side of the roof are two water-
spouts in the form of a lion's head, and the name of another person,
Itimse, who made that part of the tomb.

No. 143. Roof of a tomb, similar to No. 142, apparently of a per-
son'named Merewe; on the ridge, south side, is an entertainment, the
crowning an athlete, a scene of reception ; on the north side, combat
of warriors and foot; in the panels are sphinxes and divinities. On each
side below is Bellerophon in a chariot attacking the Chimsera.

No. 143*. Fragment of lion's head.

No. 144. Part of the cornice from the entrance of a rock tomb,
representing blocks of wood.

Nos. 145 — 149. Casts from a tomb excavated in the solid rock at
Pinara. No. 145 is a portion of the pediment. No. 146 is one of the
Gorgons' lieads With which' the ends of the dentals were decorated.
No. 147 is the firieze, representing warriors on horse and foot escorting
captives, and Nos. 148, 149, casts from the walls of the tomb within the
portico, representing an ancient walled city.

Nos. 150—152. Three plaster casts taken fi-om the sculptures of
a rock tomb at Cadyanda, exceedingly interesting from bilingual in-

Id4 ' LYCIAN SALOON.

scriptions id the Greek and Ljcian languages, whieh accompany the
figures. No. 1^, firom the panel of the door, represents Salas standing,
holding an cenochoe. No. 151, females conversing, one of whom is
named Mesos ; and the nursing of a child. No. 15% an entertainment ;
on the first couch to the right recline Endys and Seskos ; in the nexf^
Molos or Molas and Kparmos, and two seated children, one named
Hecatomnas ; under these couches are dogs ; in the next couch reclines
a female named Sipho, to whom a child, Forlaps, stretches out its arois
from the next couch, in which are Salas and the female named Mesos ;
beyond these is Eidas, the son of Salas, and two persons, one playine
the double flute ; on the extreme right is a naked figure named
Hecatomnas.

No. 153. Cast of the insmption of the name of Hector, over a
fighting warrior ; Cadyanda.

No. 154. Cast of am inscription in the language of the ancient
Lycians, from a sarcophagus at AntipheUus,

No. 155. Cast of a bilingual inscription in the ancient Lycian and
Greek languages, from Lavisse^ near Telroessus ; it records that ApoU
lonides and Laparas, son of Apollonides, have made a tomb for them-
selves and their family.

No. 1 56. Cast of a bilingual inscription , from a tomb at AntipheUtis, in
the ancient Lycian and Greek langHages, recording that Iktasta, a native
of AntipheUus, had made the monument for himself and his family.

No. 156*. Fragment of an ancient Lycian inscription, being part
of a sepulchral formula threateuing a fine upon any one who snail
violate the monument.

No. 157. Casts from a portion of a monolithic pedestal at TTos,
decorated with sculptures representing combats and athletic sports ;
a view of the attack of a city, probably Tlos. The principal hero bears
the Lycian name Esrasa.

No. 158. Cast taken from the interior of the portico of the roclf
tomb at Tlos ; it represents Bellerophon mounted on Pegasus, hurling
a lance at the Chimsera.

No. 159. Bilingual inscription in the Greek and Lycian languages,
m honour of Pixodarus, King of Caria, B.C. 340. Found near the
Horse-Tomb. (No. 142.)

No. 160. Cast from the gable end of a tomb ; it represents two
females, probably Naiad nymphs, dressed in short tunics, dancing.

No. lol. Cast from a tomb ; it represents a gable end, on which
are two lions devouring a bull, above, a Lycian inscription j from a rock
tomb near the Chimsera tomb.

No. 162. Fragment of the corner of a buHdingy with return of e%g
moulding.

Nos. 163, 164. Fragments of egg moulding from a tomb.

No. 165. Inscription, containing part of a decree of the city and
aochons of Xanthus, dated in the month Lous, the 9th year of IHo-
lemj Pbiladelphus.

No. 166. Casts of the sculptures of a rock tomb at Myra, coloured
to represent its present condition ; on the exterior [a] is a standing male
%ure, apparently a divinity,aud on the right hand of it \b'] a young man,
attended by a boy, leaning on a staff, offering a fruit or flower to a

LYCIAJftr BALOOV. ld&

Teiled<&male attended by two females, one of vitom holds a pfxisf
on one of the interior walls is a reposing bearded figure, probably
DioBysos, or Pluto, holding a t^ton in tbe right and a cup in the left
band, on whom attends a boy with wine [</] ; on the other interior wall
a seated veiled female [c], probably Proserpine or Aphrod^ draped
by a female attendant, Pkho, and having before her a naked youth,
Eros (?) holding a Ucythus and strigil.

No. 167. IVo feet sandidled, from statues.

No. 168. Remains of a Roman sarcophagus, found in a mau-
soleum containing four sarcojihagi ; on the cover have been a male
and female figure reclining, the man holding in his hand a roll ;
one end only remains of the chest, fepresenting a combat of warriors
on horse and on foot ; at the back a torch, placed vertically, towards
which on each side a gryphoa advances.

No. 169. Portion of a sarcophagus wkh its voof cover, in the
pediment of which is a shield; on it boys or cupids trundling hoops
and playing at ball, and a horseman.

No. 170. Part of the base of another sarcophagus ; on it are lower
parts of the figures of a bunt

No. 171. Portion of another sarcophagus ; on it are the lower por-
tions of figures in a vestibule of twisted cohimns.

No. 172. Two metopes with the head of Artemis, or Diana, full
face, and trigl3rphs from the Roman arch at Xanthus^ erected in the
reign of Vespasian.

No. 173. Monument found in a Roman bath; on one side
are Plutus and Tyche standing, full face ; on tbe other is a Perman
shooting arrows in a cave, in which are an ox, a stork, a jdog, a
boar, a Uzand, g'asshc|>per, and fox.

No. 174. Torso of a male warrior.

No. 175. Part of the interior frieze of a tomb at AtUipfuUust pro-
bably representing nymphs.

No. 176. Inscription recording that Aurelius Jason, son of Alaimis,
and Chrysion, daugnter of Eleutherus, have purchased a tomb for them-
sehes, in the ISth of the month Artemisios, during the priesthood of
Callistratus ; found at Uslann, near the mouth of the river Xanthus.
Presented by Lieut, Harvey, R.N,

No. 176*« Cippus, in shape of an altar, having in front, in bas-relief,
a man reclining upon a couch, on which is seated his wife ; at the foot of
the couch a slave standing : on one pillar is a wreath voted by the city.
Below, the name of Hellanion of Tarsus. Presented by J* Scott
Tucker, Esq,, 185J.

fias-reliei^ representing six soldiers dragged as prisoners, their hands
and arms tied behind them. I^esented by J. Scott Tucker, Esq.,
1851.

Nos. 1 77 — 183. Fragments of Byzantine architecture which appear
to have decorated a church ; they were found amidst the remains of a
Christian village under the Greek monument (No. 34 and following), and
seem to l»ve been buried by the earthquake which overthrew it

In a glass case, at the end of the room, are the following smaller
obtjects, found in the Acropolis: —

Two stone fragments, apparently ornaments; found inserted in the
walls of the Acn^^oks,

l36 LYCIA^ "SALOON.*

'.Small torso of Venus, dnq>ed below the waist, in Parian -marble, of
good workmanship.

Fragment of the left side of a female head, bound with z.' sphendone.

Left elbow of a female statue. This and ' the preceding, which are
both of small life size, in Parian marble, of archaic but good worlc-
manship, were found, with numbers 28 and 29, built into the walls of
the Acropolis,

Portions of leaden and iron cramps; found inserted in the earlier
sculptures of the AcropoHs,

Three small vases, a broad-rimmed cup, and four small lamps, in
terracotta.

Twenty-five small fragments of glass vessels.

Lower portion of a small bowl of embossed red ware.

Small fraprment of a vase of so..called Samian ware, stamped with a
cross, of the Byzantine period.

Fragment from the bottom of a cup, of the same ware.

Two fragments from the side of a painted cup.

Six fragments of vases, with fine black glazing, in the style of Nola.

Fragment of the lip of a large crater, red, with an ivy wreath painted
in black.

Small bronze tripodial vessel, one foot resembling a duck*s head.

Bronze handle of a jug.

Leaden grating for th^ drain pipe numbered 184.

Fragment of a leaden pipe.
' Handle of a terracotta amphora, stamped with a circular band, in-
scribed, in the Doric dialect, with the name of Hippocrates (an
eponymous ms^ifistrate of Rhodes), and inclosing a rose, in low relief.

Similar handle, with an oblong stamp, exhibiting a small caduceus,
and the name of the magistrate Himas.

Small votive human foot, and part of the leg, in marble, of rude
workmanship.

Various fragments of painted cement; from the walls of early Christian
edifices.

The preceding objects were all found in excavating the base of the
monument numl^red 34 et seq.

The following were found in the houses overwhelmed by the fall of
the monument: —

Five round fiat pieces of terracotta, each perforated with two holes,
and apparently intended for weights.

Two sickles, and several hooks, nails, and staples, of iron.

Small leaden weight.

Eight small fragments of glass windows.

Small pyramidal block of terracotta, of the kind supposed to have
been hung round the necks of cattle.

The following were found at Pinara : —

A mass comprising fragments of human bones, tiles, and cement^
conglomerated by the deposit of lime filtering from the rock of a tomb.

Fragment of stucco, with marks of sculpture, used to fill up the
fissures of the rock of the tombs.

Fragment of cement, used for the lining of a water cbtern. ''

EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. , 187

EGYPTIAN GALLERIES.

The two great Galleries, and the connectinff, or Central Saloon, which
form the chief part of the buildins on the West side of the Museum,
as well as the small Vestibule at meir Northern extremity, are appro-
priated to Egyptian sculptures. The collection has, untilvery recently,
been confined to the Northern Gallery and Vestibule, a space too
limited to admit either of classification or advantageous display. The
monuments, however, are now being rearranged, and placed in chrono-
logical order, from North to South, the dynastic divisions of Manetbo
forming the historical basis of the system. In the Vestibule will be
preserved the remains of the early period ; in the Northern Gallery
those of the eighteenth dynasty : in the Central Saloon the monuments
of Rameses II. ; and in the Southern Gallery those posterior to that
monarch, descending regularly to the latest times of the Roman
Empire. The three principal series in the collection of Antiquities,
the Egyptian, Assyrian, ana Greek, will thus, when the contemplated
arrangements are complete, be exhibited in three parallel lines ; whilst
a fourth or transverse line, running along the Southern extremity of
the others, will be appropriated to Roman remains. For the present
the Egyptian monuments must be described in the order of the old
numbers which are still attached to them, it being impossible as yet to
follow that of their new positions *.

No. 1. A lion couchant, whose mane in front is inscribed with the
prenomen and name of Amen-asro, supposed to be an Ethiopian
monarch. The base is also inscribed with a dedication from Ame-
nophis III. (Memnon), in whose reisn it must have been sculptured.
His name has been anciently erased by the disk worshippers and sub-
sequently re-inserted. This lion, with its companion. No. 34, stood
before one of the gates of a temple at Mount Barkal. JRed granite.
Presented by Lord Prvdhoe, (now Duke of Northumberland^) 1885.

No. 2. A sarcophagus of Petenesi, a bard, in form of a mummy
case, with five lines of hieroglyphics down the firont, the 77th chap-
ter of the sepulchral ritual ; the race has been gilt ; probably about the
period of the 26th dynasty. Arragonite, Thebes, From Mr. Sams' s
4ioUection.

No. 3. Sarcophagus of Sa-atu, or Nesa^tu, a scribe and priest of the
temples of the acropolis of Memphis ; covered with inscriptions and
figures of various divinities who address the deceased ; from the side
•excavation of a tomb made in the age of the 26th dvnasty at Gizeh,
commonly called Campbell's tomb. Presented by CoL Howard Vjfse,

1839.

No. 4. Colossal head of a divinitjr or king wearing the tesher,
or possibly the pschent, discovered vrith No. 6, in an excavation

• The articles contained in these Rooms, to which the mark (f) is prefixed in this
catalogue, were collected by the French in different parts of Eeypt, and come into
the possession of the English army in consequence of the capitulation of Alexan-
dria; in the month of September, 1801. They were brought to England in February.
1902. under the care of General Sir Hilgrove Turner, and were sent, by order of
His Majssty Kin« Gboaok tbm Tbiro, to the British Museum.

138 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [n. EGYPTIAN

made by Mr. Salt in a line with th« vocal Memnon and its com-
panion at Gouroah, and possibly from a Colossus placed before a
door of the palace of Amenophis III., whose features it much re-
sembles, in tnat quarter. Brownish breccia, JFVom Mr. S<dts col-
iectioH.

No. 5. A ffroop, representing the monarch Har-em-hebi (Horns),
of the 18th dyneffity, standing under the protection of Amen-ra.
Dark granite.

No. 6. Colossal head, exactly resembling No. 4, and probably
from a similar statue ; many of these statues stood fatcing trie great
colossi in the intervals of the front column of the Propyjon ; from
Goumah. Brownish breccia. From Mr^ Salfs coBectiou.

No. 7. t A colossal head of a ram, emblem of the dtvmitv
Amen-ra, in his form as Chnumis. This is from one of the colossal
rams which were placed as a dromos to the Pylon of Harem>hebi
(Horus), of the 1 8th dynasty, at Kamak, and were sculptured in the
reign of that monarch. Sandstone,

No. 8. Statue of the eod Hapi, or NUe, bearing an altar of liba-
tions, from which hang down wat^-fowl and plants. At the side
is a figure dressed as a priest, and on the bacK a dedication from
Sheshank I. {Shishak)t of the 22nd dynasty, to Amen-ra. Kamak.
Sandstone. From Mr. Sah^s collection.

No. 9. f Colossal fist from the rains of Memphis ; it is supposed
to have formerly belonged to one of the statues which, accormng to
Herodotus, stood before the Hephsesteum, or temple of Phtha, at
Memphis. Redgranite.

No. 10. t The chest of the sarcophagus of the monarch Necht-
her-hebi, or Her-necht-hebi (AmyrtsBUs, of the 28th dynasty, or
Nectabes, of the 90th). The subject of the Sun, attended by varions
divinities passing through the hours of the day, is represented on the
exterior, while inside are various usual sepulchral deities. From the
mosque of Saint Athanasius, at Alexandria. Breccia.

No. 11. A figure of a gryphon or hawk-headed sphinx, the embliem
of the divinity Munt-ra, round by Belzoni, in the great temple of
Ibsamboul or Aboosimbel. From Mr. SaWs colkction.

No. 12. Monument found amidst the ruins of Kamak; it was
placed on a pedestal of white stone, in a small temple, in the
north-east angle of the wall inclosing the great temple, probably
close to the granite sanctuary; on each of the broad sides is the
monarch Thommes IIL, of the 18th dynasty, stancKng, and hol<fing
with one hand the deity Munt-ra, and wim the odier the goiidess
Athor, who is placed at the short side ; from the much lower bas-reKef
of the deities, it appears that they have been sculptured in the place
of some others originally there. Syenite. From Mr. Salt*s co&e-
tion. ^

No. 13. Hawk-headed g ryp ho n or sphinx, emblem of the god
Munt-ra, the companion of No* 1 1, found by Belsoni in the great
temple of Ibsamboal or AboosimbeL Sandstine.

No. 14. Fractured Colossus, apparenthr, from the features, of tbe
monarch Amenophis IU.> aad praoably nom the edifice erected by
that monarch in the Gournalv qoater of Thebes. &aiekgrmmie»

GALLSRY.] EOYFTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 139

No. 15. Colossal head of a king wearing the pschent, found with
the arm, No. 55, detached from a colossus lying in the sand in the
Karnak quarter of Thebes ; the features resemble those of Thothmes
III. Discovered by Belzoni in 1^18. Bed granite. From Mr,
SaWs cottectiotL

No. 1 6. Lower part of a seated colossal figure of the goddess Pasht,
or Bubastis, bearing the names and titles of the king Amenophis III.
and which has formerly been one of the statues from the edifice of that
monarch at Karnak. Slack granite.

No. 17. Coffin in the shape of a mummy of Seveksi, a person of
the sacerdotal caste, in the time of one of the later dynasties.
Basalt, From the collection of Signor Anastasi.

No. 18. Sarco^agus of Pa-neter-hent, a standard-bearer. Sge-
nite. From the collection of Signor AnastasL

No. 19. Head and upi>er part of a statue of Rameses II. ^Se-
sostris), wearing a cylindrical diadem of nnei, of fine execution;
traces of colour still remain on this bust. The hieroglyphics down
the back are part of the address of Amen-ra, and of the name and
titles of Rameses. Brought from the edifice at Goumah, formerly
called the Memnonium of Thebes, and hence popularly called
"the young Memnon.** Presented hy Henry S<dt, Esq., and Louis
Burckhardt, Esq., 1817.

No. 20. Slab, which has been placed between two columns of a
temple, sculptured on both sides, and surmounted on one by a cornice
of ursei serpents, and on the other of vultures. On it the monarch
Psammetichus II. is represented kneeling and offering cakes of bread
to a serpent, a cow-headed, and another divinity, all seated on square
pedestals. The hieroglyphics contain the names and titles of the
king, and the speeches of the ^vinities ; from Alexandria. Basalt,
JPresented hy King George the Third, 1766.

No. 21. Colossal statue of Amenophis IIL, monarch of the 18th
dynasty, the same king who is represented b^ the vocal statue, seated
on a tnrone. His names and titles are inscnbed on the front of his
throne and on the back of the statue, having the name of Amen in-
serted in place of another name erased throughout. Found, in 1818,
in the Memnonium at Thebes. Black granite.

No. 22. Slab which has been placed between two columns of a
temple, surmounted on one side by a cornice of uraei, and of vultures
on the other; on it the monarch Nectanebo, of the 30th dynasty, B.C.
887-— 377, is represented kneeling, and offering a conical cake of bread.
The other side is much injured, having been used at a late epoch in
the restoration of a temple ; on it, however, may be traced the monarch
kneeling and offering to a deity, &c. The hieroffl)nphics are the names
and titles of the kings, addresses of divinities,, and the dedication of the
temple to which it belonged ; from Alexandria. Green basalt.

No. 23^ t Chest of a large sarcophaf^us of Hapimen, a coyal scribe,
&c. ; on the exterior are the four eenii of the Amenti, Anubis, the
symbolic eyes of the Sun, Isis, and Nephthys ; ^ hteEOffl;^hics are the
names anH titles of the deceased, the addresses of the deities, and the
77tL chapter of the Ritual ; round theinterior are the deities to whom the
various parts of the body were sacred [chapter 42]. It was brought

,140 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [n^- EGYPTIAN

firom Grand Cairo, where it was used by the Turks as a ^cistern, which
they called " The Lovers* Fountain." ' Black granite.

No. 24. f The Rosetta stone, containing three inscriptions of the same
import, namely, one in hieroglyphics, another in a written character,
called demotic or enchorial, and a third in the Greek language. These
inscriptions record the services which Ptolemy the Fifth had rendered
his country, and were engraved by order of the High Priests, when they
were assembled at Memphis for the purpose of investing him with the
royal prerogative. It is the key to the deciphering of the hierogly-
phical and demotic characters of Egypt. This stone was found near
Kosetta, and it appears to have been placed in a temple dedicated to
Atum by the monarch Nechao. Basalt.

No. ib. f Mutilated statue, without its head, of a high officer of
state, kneeling upon a square plinth. Thebes. Black granite.

No. 26. Statue of Seti Menephta II., monarch of the 19th dy-
nasty, seated on a throne, and holding a ram's head, placed on a small
altar, by both hands on his knees ; his names and titles are inscribed
round the pedestal and on the plinth behind. The name of Set has
been erased, and that of Osiris substituted for it throughout these in-
scriptions. Found by Mrs. Belzoni at Kamak. Sandstone, From
Mr. Salt* 8 collection.

No. 27. Lower part of a statue of Rameses II., the Great,
kneeling, and holding a shrine, on which is a scarabseus. The
hieroglyphics in front express the names and titles of the king, and
that the scarabseus god, Cheper,. "gives the breath of life to his
nostrils." Dark granite. Presented by Earl Spencer, 1805.

No. 28. A circular vessel, decorated with the head of Athor;
on it is a dedication from several legal functionaries of Thebes to
Ta-ur, or Thoueris, who was another form of the goddess Athor.
Sandstone,

No. 28*. Circular bason, probably to hold holy water, having at
each handle, in cavo-rilievo, a head of the cow-eared terrestrial Athor,
full face, surmounted by the pylon or gateway. These basons (see
Nos. 28, 465^ were dedicated to this goddess on account of her pre-
siding over tne element of water. Sasalt, Presented by R, Gaff,
Esq,, 1848.

No. 29. Iri-nefru, guardian of the temple of Amen-ra, and his
wife A-pu, seated on a throtie, on the sides of which are dedications
to Amen-ra, Osiris, Mut. The upper part of this group is restored.
Age of the 18th dynasty. Calcareous stone.

No. 30. Colossal bust from a statue of Amenophis III., much
mutilated. NummuUte limestone. Goumah. From Mr. Soltys col*
lection.

No. 31. A group of Atu, a sacerdotal functionary, seated on a
throne or chair by the side of his sister Han-ur, a priestess of Amen,
holding a nosegay of lotus flowers ; between them, of smaller propor-
*tions, IS his son Neferhebf, second priest of the monarch Amenophis
II., of the I8th d3masty. Found in a tomb near Thebes. Sandstone,
From Mr, SaIVs collection.

No. 32. Sarcophagus with its cover, on which, in bas-relief, is the
goddess Athor : in the interior is the Sun, and the Heaven represented

«AIXBBY.] SOYFTIAN ANTIQUinSS. I4t

as a female, and at the bottom the goddess Athor. The inscriptions
with which this is covered are the addresses of various deities, in which
is mentioned the Queen of Amasis, of the 26th dynasty, who is called
the daughter of the king Psammetichus and his wife Nitocris, and
mother of the Queen Tachaot. It was discovered in an excavation, 190
feet deep, behind the palace of Rameses II. ( Sesostris), near Thebes.

No. 33. A sarcophagus of a female named Anch, in the form of
a mummy, which appears to have been originally intended to hold a
male figure ; on it are the four genii of the Amenti, and a prayer for the
deceased. Green basalt.

No. 34. A lion couchant, companion of No. 1 ; on the mane are
the names and titles of Amen-asro, supposed to have been an Ethio*
f>ian monarch, and round the pedestal is a dedication from the mo-
narch Amen>tuanch or Amenanchut, supposed to be the son of
Amenophis III., of the 18th dynasty; the end of his name has been
anciently erased, probably to substitute some other. From Mount
Barkal. Syenite, Presented hy Lord Prudhoe, 1835.

No. 35. Statue, without a head, of a divinity or king, the flesh coloured
red ; found in a sepulchre near the Pyramids of Gizeh. Calcareous
stone. Presented hy Captain CavigUa, 1817.

No. 36. Group of an officer of high rank, in the time of the I9th
dynasty, seated on a chair by the side of a female relation, probably
his wife or sister. Calcareous stone. From the CoUection of Signor
Anastasi,

No. 37. Statue of Pasht, lion-headed, mistress of Sehar, seated
■upon a th|t)ne, holding the emblem of life; in the front of the
throne are the name and titles of Amenophis III., who is said to
be beloved of this goddess. This was probably one of the statues
erected by Amenophis III. in the Kamak quarter of Thebes. Slack
granite.

No. 38. Seated Cynocephalus, or dog-headed baboon ; an animal
^sacred to the gods Thoth and Chuns as types of the moon ; on the
pedestal are the names and titles of Amenophis III. Sandstone^

No. 39. Sarcophagus in shape of a mummy ; the paintings with
which it is ornamented have been restored. Calcareous stone, Pre-^
rented by the Earl ofBehnore^ 1820.

No. 40. Cynocephalus, or dog-headed baboon, standing erect, in
the attitude of adoring the moon, of which it was the sacred animal.
From the cornice of the temple at Ibsamboul. Sandstone, From Mr,
SaIVs collection.

No. 41. Statue of Pasht (Bubastis) standin|r, and holding a lotus
sceptre; from the edifice erected by Amenophis III. in the Kamak
quarter of Thebes. Black granite. From Mr, SalVs collection*

No. 42. Lower part of a statue of Rameses II. or III. (Sesostris)»
kneeling on a plinth, and holding an altar before him ; found at
Abydos. Black granite. Presented by the Duke of York, 1812.

No. 43. Statue of the queen Mautemua, wife of Thothmes IV.,
•and mother of Amenophis III. (Memnon), monarchs of the 18th dy-
nasty, seated on a ttirone, overshadowed by a vulture in a boat, whose
prow terminates in the head of Athor. Eiefore her is im altar of offer-
ings, and her names and tides are inscribed at the side of thQ boat-

u

^f4ti GALiBBv or Atm w m BH . [k. xoymAM

In fk«Bt of t^e ptdettal is lier head, soraioanted ^ unu. &mk

No. 44. Upfwr part of the statue of a Idnff, kaving on Ins Mt
tiw p poa o mtn assumed by User-tesen L, of the 12Ui dynasty, aad
NiectMwbo, of the 30tb, probably inteoded for tbe latter mo— wb ;
ftmad near Gizek Cfray grmnU* Prmenitd hy CoL HowMrd F^m,
1838.

No. 45. Statue of Pissbt (Bvbastis)* standkif, and boldktg a lotus
w papyrus sceptre» apparently one of tba statues from tbe ediice er e c le d
by Amenophis III. (Memnon) in the Karnak ^aarter of T h e b e s*
Jnaekframte, From Mw, S€Ut9 eoBattmrn,

No* 46. Statue of Piaai, & saered set^, seated upon tbe grouBd,
and resting his arms upon bis knees^ balding^ an ear of eom in b»
left band, and in his right a symbol of Ufe ; (com bis neck is sae-
pemled a peetoral plate^ on which are iaseribed tbe names aad tMes
of Rameses II. or III. (Sesostris). CakoMom tkm*.

No. 47. Sarcophagus in the sha^ of a mummy, and appawrtj
unfinished : found at TaDa> near HermepUs. CUb«nsotts stoiM. F^rom
JMk 8)UC9 cotUedon.

No. 48. Statue of Banofre, a military ebiel^ boMing sereral pasls»
son of Thotb^bai and Tbotbsi, entnely ennretoped in obrapery, seated
upon a pedestal, witb the arms crossed: oa it is a dedioatims is
Oairis; about the eemmeneement of tbe IStb dynasty. Found behasd
the statue of Memnon, at Thebes. Black baaalt. From Mr, StJts

No. 4^ Statue of Pasht standii^, holding a lotus seeptie; pva^
babUfrom Kamak. IMrkgrmniU.

^ 5a Bust from a seated statue of Ptaht;. I>mrk§ra»ti9i

No. 51. A statue of Anebta^ a prince, holding many ofllcca; de^
dicated to Amen-ra and Anubis. It was the joint gift of the vseaa
vegeat, Amen^num-t, Ha-asu^ and tbe monarch Tkenmes IH. or tbe
18tb dpasty ; fScmnd at Thebes. Calcareom §ione^ From Mr. SalPs
eoBecimm.

Stable of Painelisi, a royal scribe of tha tpeasury, kneeUnc and
bolding^ a shrine containing the figwes of Obaris> isis, and Hoeaa.
On his shoulders and on the shrine ave inscribed the name and tiilBB
af Rameses ii, ol tbe 19tb (fynasty. Thebes. €W&areeas sImm.
J^WHf JMh Barker^B collaciiom.

Statue of Shamano, oficer attached to the bttnging of tbe Kbatsoiis
to the god Amen-ra, kneeling and holding before mm a tablet^ an
a4Bch> is a representalioB of R/l, and a prayer to biah CbZcapsot»
s«on«. Thebes. Riom Mt, StUtBcoOteHom.

No. 5fi. Bust of a seated stata» of PMbI, waamig tbe disk af
tbe saBy apparently firom tbe edifice erected by Amenophia III.
(Mbmaon)in tbe Karaak qaarser of Tbebesi.. JBUtek gramkek

No. 53. Upperpoitof a standing figure of Plaht,ftiom tbe auae
adificaas: 1iM> preceding.

No. 54. Peel from the ntainm of a god or kkg* whose lbnn»lMB
been ewp^pedt in bandages. Csibarioas «ronii i^twa Ito eaffsetiea
^Ike Mtua ifBtkmn.

liowa5« Aeelos8aftan%balongmg^to tbe saoiestitiiaaatlM baad

.] stfvrnribM iUfTiqvrmni \4&

Nft. 15. b wa& iNMd drtnribd. and )yiii|^ B«av k. S^enittf or re<i
granite. From Mr. Salts co lUet im i ,

Ko. d& a. b. c Tbras of tht oting itoiiM o# the p^tH, pyntmi^ at
G^Mik, sberwing^ the anfle ol indiaalion, m., M* 2^ 25^^ tbey were
found on uncovering the base of the pyraiMd at the noffh side, and are
ai itone tramported frMn-ths ^uwrriaaflf AMaitanw PreMtHedkf CoL
B6mm-d\yny 1836.

No. 57. Statue of T&At (BvkMBtfi), * miter of 1en^fpMr%* seated
on a throne, on the front of which are the Baniui and titles of Ane-
mphia ilL, who ia styled the beloved of this go^Metw ; apparently
ifcms Kanmk. Black grmnke*

Noi 56^ A fngment of tho ^ted beard of te Great Sphinx.
Cakarmnu stone, Praentsd hf Captem CavigUaj 1817.

No. 59. f A fragment of a porphyry column. The quarries of thi*
stone do not appear to have been worked before the time of the Emperor
Claudius, in the first century. Uponr h it placed a colossal hawk ; a
bkd saered to the seny ki arraoomte. PfBteMed by T, PhiUpe, Esq.^
1806.

N«K 6(K A al&tue ol Ptebt (Bcdmstiff) seated on a (lirone, appa^
rently from the edifice erected by Ameaophis II L (Meittnon) in the
Kanaak quarter of Tfaebciu ^mk qrmtHs^

Net 61. CoIobmI statue of an Egyptian monareb erowned in ^e
teand wearing tbe royal aproav-staiK&ng'wifli bis hands befbre him ;
on the belt and shoulders are the prenomen and name of Rameaes II.;
OB ibe breaat tinMe of Menephtha, the son and successor of Rameses ;
from Kamak. Red granite.

No. 6SL Statue of Ptaht (Btaboatia), seated on a thronew F^om
Mr. Salts collectum.

No. 68. Another statue: of Pasiit (BubasHaf), seated upon a throne,
on the front of which are the prenomen and name of Shesbank L
^huhaA), of the 29lid dynaaly. Frott Kamak. Dark granite.
MrmnMr. Saits'coaectim,

No. 64. Column, in four pieces, with its capital in shape of the
bodr of tiie Iotas* On it are inacribed the naitios and tkles of A mono •
pUa H'L, Menepbtlmr and the nNmaivh Setusecfat, first king of the
2Mi ^nast;^. The figuM of iJM god Set, destroyed Oh the base, is
untouched on the capital of the column. Found in a honse at Cairo*
From Ml*. Salt^eeueeticm.

Vm. 65. Seated battue of PSmIh (BubaMis). I>ark grtawft.

No. 661 t Fragmeot of a ko^e sareopbs^, of Pepiri-naa [?1 an
offiserof state, son of Neoht^r-hebi ; on vmdti are Various mystical
representations relating to the sun. From Cairo. Dark granite. An^
otheapvwtionof tbiesamopbagusisin the Ashmolean Mnseum, at Oxfbrd.

No. 67. i}f>per part of a^statee of Rttnaeses 1 1, wearing- the poehent,
Mid holding a eroofe and whip. Hie neAes and' titles are sculptured
cm his sbouMersandofttbe plinth behind; Blephantina. Medgramte.
FremU9d by W. B. Bammm, Es^f,, 1640;

No. 68. Statue of Pasht (Bubastis), havino: in front of the throne
lierBaaieiandt(tles,andtiioseof ^menophis IIL (Miemnon), o( the
IBth dvmarr. From the palaee or temple elected by that monavcfa at
Kamak. jBlack gramkt.

144 GALLEEY OF ANTIQUITIXf. [k. EOYFTIAW

No. 69. upper half of a statue of Paiht (Bubaitis), standing erect.
From the same locality. Black granite.

No. 70. A divinity, seated, probably Amen-ra, holding before him
by both hands a small standing figure of Her-necht-hebi (Amyrtsnis),
of the 28th dynasty. Basalt.

Small statue of Bet-mes, an officer of state, probably und^ the 6th
dynasty, seated, and holding in his left hand a hoe or pickaxe. From
a tomb in the vicinity of the Pyramids, probably of the age of the 4th
dynasty. Gizeh. Syenite.

A statue of Pah-ur, or Pioeri, prince of Ethiopia, in the reign of
Rameses IL, kneeling, and holding an altar, on which is a ram*s head :
on it are dedications to Mut and Amen, here entitled the god of the
fortress of Rameses IL Found in Nubia. Sandstone. From Mr*
BelzonCs collection.

No. 7 1 . Upper half of a statue of Pasht ( Bubastis), standing erect;
probably from Karnak. Dark granite.

No. 72. Statue of Pasht (Bubastis), standing erect, similar to
Ko. 71, and probably one of those found at Karnak. Dark granite*

No. 73. Bust of one of the seated statues of Pasht (Bubastis) ;
from the edifice at Karnak. Dark granite.

No. 74. Colossal scarabieus, which was sacred to the deity
Cheper, ** the creator," at a later period the emblem of the world ;
formerly part of the Elgin Collection, and removed from Constan-
tinople. Dark granite.

No. 75. Fragment of a statue of the monarch Har-em-hebi ( Ho-
rns), of the 18th dynasty. Gray granite.

No. 76. Statue of Pasht (Bubastis), standing erect, similar to
No. 41 ; probably from Karnak. Dark granite.

No. 77. Broken bust of a statue of Pasht (Bubastis), seated ; pro-
bably from Karnak. Dark granite.

No. 78. Cover of the sarcophagus of Seta-an, prince of Ethiopia
in the reign of Rameses II. It is in the shape of a mummy. Med
granite.

No. 79. Bust, from a statue of Pasht (Bubastis), standing erect;
similar to No. 41, and probably from the same place. Dark granite.

No. 80. Statue of Pasht, standing erect; probably firom Karnak*
Dark granite.

No. 81. f Statue of Rui, a high priest of Amen-ra, seated on

the ground, and resting his arms upon bis knees; in his left hand

is an ear of com. In front is a staff or sceptre, surmounted by

the head of Athor; behind is a dedication to Amen-ra. Karnak.

Gray granite.

No. 82. Sphinx of Roman work, the head of which is broken off.
Calcareous stone. From the collection rfthe Earl ofBdmore.

No. 83. Fragment of the statue of Pef-aa-net, chamberlain of the
palace, in the reign of the monarch Apries, of the 26th dynasty, kneel-
ing, and holding before him a small shrine, in which is a figure of
Osiris. Grzen hasaU.

No. 84. Statue of Pasht (Bubastis), standing erect, and holding
a sceptre terminating in a lotus or papyrus flower; resembling No. 41,
and probably from tne same place. JDark granite.

6AIXEEY.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 145

Ko. 85. Bust from one of the statuet of Pasht (Bubastit), seated.

No. 86. f Chest of the sarcophagus of Ha-nata, a priest, sumamed
Ra^nem ha-t-men, after Amasis II., of the 26th dynasty, whose pre-
nomen forms part of his surname. The horizontal lines of hierogly-
phics are a prayer. Bhck haaaU, (See No. 134. Statue of the
same pefson. )

No. 87. Bust, from a statue of Pasht, (Bubastis) seated. Dark
granite.

No. 86, Statue of Pasht (Bubastis), mistress of goddesses, seated;
on the front are the names and titles of Amenophis III., who is said to
be beloved of this goddess. Probably from the temple of the south,
at Kamak. Dark granite.

No. 89. Fragment of legs, broken off from a statue of Pasht
(Bubastis), standing erect; on the pedestal are the names and
titles of Amenophis III., ** beloved*' of this goddess. Dark
granite.

No. 90. Slab, apparently the cover of a sarcophagus, as late as the
Ptolemies or Romans, havinff on it, in bas-relief, a figure lying with
its fece upwards, enclosing the body down to the feet, excepting the
shoulder and arm; the dress and style of this figure is Gneco-
Egyptian. Basalt. Presented hy the Lords of the Admiralty.

No. 91. A fragment of the legs of a figure, apparently, from the
inscription, of the goddess Ma, or Truth, erected by Amenophis III.
Dark granite.

No. 92. Statue of Chons-af.4nch, priest of the god Chons, and
invested with many other sacerdotal offices, standing, and holding a
small shrine, in which is a figure of Chons; of the Ptolemaic epoch.
White stone.

No. 93. Bust from the colossal statue of a queen ; her head-dress
is in the form of that worn by Athor, the goddess of beauty, 18th or
19th dynasty. While stone. From Mr. Salts coUection,

No. 94. Sepulchral altar, dedicated by Amasis II., of the 26th
dynasty, to Osiris. From Sais. Granite, From Mr. SalVs coUection,

No. 95. Feet from the figure of a female divinity, probably
Pasht, or Bubastis, holding with both hands a papyrus sceptre. Dark
granite.

No. 96. The upper part of a statue of Rameses II. holding a
table of offerings, under which is a water-vase. Found in an open
plain near Abydos. Calcareous stone. From Mr. SalVs collection.

No. 97. A head of a sphinx, of Roman work. Green basalt.
From tlie coUection of Charles Towneley, Esq.

No. 98. Upper part of a statue of a man, of good workmanship.
Dark granite.

No. 99. Altar dedicated to Sarapis, the great god of Canopus.
Brought from Aboukir. White marble. Presented by Dr. JSan^
erofi, Jan., 1807.

No. 100. Statue of Mentunaa, or Muntnaa, a high military officer,
seated on a throne, and holding a sash folded up in his right hand ;
much mutilated ; his names and titles are inscribed on each side of
the seat ; probably older than the 12th dynasty. Dark aranite.

No. 101. Sepulchral tablet of Neb-pu-user-te-sen, a functionary in

146 QAX.USBY OF AVTttlVinBS. [n* JMIYPTXA9r

the reigiMi of Useitesen HI. «JMi Ames-eM^ka IIL, of the 12th dyamty.
€0kareou$ tUme^ Fnm Mr. JScWs op fet M W .

No. 102. Fnfment of Abe statue aJP a kingtwhidb has baea im a
JGaeeliof positioa* uWi holding hefora him an altar, frona which hvwe
been himff^ng flowers of water-planta. Zkurk grawie.

No. 103. The lower part of the statue of Amen-hept^ a ioy»l
«cfihe, and chamberlain of a princeas, aeated with his legs bent uaaer
him ; hfs palette for writing is tied on his left leg. Dark gramU,

No. 104. Fragment Ibuod at the base of the column of Diode-
tian, commonly called Pompey's Pillar, at AlexaDdria; «n it ia the
monarch Barneses IL, crowned by Atum, odber dirinities, and the
name and titles of the monarch. Sandstone,

No. 105. Tofso, from the statue of Amenophis llh, 18lh dynasty.
Dark groMite,

No. 106. Colossal fi$t,fh)m a atatue. Bedgnmiie, Presented bp
Earl Snencer, 1806.

No. 107. Statue of Merau, royal scribe and military commander,
seated on the ground, and having before him the shrine of Ouas;
coloured. CcdearewM aione.

No. 108. A small rectangular bason, dedicated to AmenH'a aad
Phtha, by Nofre-ba, a hi^ officer of state, in the reign of Rameses II.
or IIL (Sesostris), who is sculptured at one end, oBering the bason.
Black granite. From Mr. Swfs collection.

No. 109. Mutilated statue of Rameses 1 1., 19th dynasty, seated.
Black granite.

No. 110. Double statue of a high offifeer of state, »id a female of
his funily, seated side by side ; on the belt across his ahoulders is the
standard, prenomen, and name of Rameses XI., of the 20tb dynaatf .
Red granite.

No. 111. Coloasal statue of Uah-ha-ti-ra (Apriet), a iunctiooaiy
holding many oiBoes under the 26th dynasty, luieeling and holding
before him a little shrine of Osiris; it is inscribed with dedications to
Osiris, Petur, and .other divinities. Found in the Natron lakes, about
forty.-nine miles from Rosetta, in a. p. 1785. Basak,

No. 112. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris and Am^is,
for Pepi-set-heb, an ofiRcer under the 6th dynasty. Calcareous stone.

No. 113. Group of Bas-neler, a chief of the south, and Sent-nai, a
r^al nurse, seated side by side ; at the side of the seat is his daugh-
ter Neferari* Dark graaite.

No. 1 14. Head of Pbtah, from a statue. Cakareoue stone.

No. 115. Sphinx, of coarse workmansfa^. Ckdcareotu ettmem
Presented by Earl Bute.

No. 116. Head of Thothmes III., in the claft nemaas, pari af
No. 12. Bed granite.

No. )17. Tablet of Abydos. Thif celebrated monument, diacmpered
by Mr. Banks in a chamber of the temple of Abydos, in 1818, pub-
Itthed by M. Cailliaud in 1623, by Mr. Salt in 1625, and subsequently
by different authors who have wntten on Egyptian cfaronologT, orioir
nally represented an oflering made by lumeses II., of the lOtti
dynasty, to his predecessors on the throne of Egypt; but it is unoartein
whether the list of kings is genealogieal or clron9ki«ieaL It origSMlly

€»ALLEaY.] XOVRIAN ANTiaVfTlBS. |47

oMitMOed the immet of i%-tipe langi tlkpoMd ki the two umr liaot,
twenty-six in each line, and a third or IcMfer lino, with tno nasM
and pvenomen of Rameset IL or IIL repeated tweaty-siz tines. At
tbe time of the visits of Messrs. Banks and Cailliaud, the first twelfe
namre of the first line, and the first eight of tb€secoBd,faad heen destroyed.
It was removed to France in 1887, and obtained at M« Mimaut's sale
by ike British Museum. Ob the upper line, beginninff from the n^^ht
hand, are the names of monaichs anterior to the Im ^lynutj, vis.»
Ra^nefer-ka, or Nepercheres I.; Ra^nefer-ka, or Nepercheres 11. ,
named Nebi; R»-tet-ka, named Ma; Nepercheros III., named Chen-tu;
Meren-her, Snefer<^ka L, Ka-en-ra, Nepercheres IV., named Rem;
Nepercheres V. and Nepercheres VI., named Pepi««neh; and Snefer-
ka IL, named An-nu. Tbe names in the second line are. Amen,
esn-ha II., UseMe-aen II., User4e-sen III., Amen-em^ia III., and
Amen-em-ha IV., of the 12th dynasty; and Aahmes I., Amenophis I^
Thothmes I., II., «id lU., Amenophis IL, Thothmos IV., Amen-
ophis III., and HoruB, of the 18th dynasty. Rameses I., Sethos L»
and Rameses IL, of the 18th or 19th. The king, Rameses II. or
III., probably stood <m the right hand of the tabled and on the other
is the lower part of a figure of Osiris. The lateral inscription is
the speech of the deceased kings to ** their son," Rameses IL Abydos.
Calcareous itOM.

No. 118. Feet from the staetue of a goddess, probably Paiht
Dark j^aniit.

No. 119. Colossal head of a divinity or king. Red granite.

No. 120. Head of a person of rank, from a statue, 'bark granite.

No. 1 21 . Torso of a statue, apparently of the period of one of the
later dynasties. ArragomiU. From Mr, Sawu^e eoUectUm.

No. 122. Upper part of the statue of an officer of rank, holding
a standard surmounted with the legis of Pasht. Dark granite.

No. 123. Torso of a statue, Sururu, a scribe, kneeling and holding
a tablet, on which Amenophis IIL, 18th dynasty, is offering to Amen-ra;
with a dedicatory inscription. Arragomte. From Mr. Sawu^s collection*

No. 124. Upper part of a seated male figure, from a group. CaUm
oareoue stone.

No. 125. Butt of an Egyptian monarch in the head-attire called
nemms. Red granite.

No. 126. Upper part of a figure, from a group. Sandstone,

No. 127. Head ot a female, from a sepulchral group. Cahareous
stone.

No. 128. Very ancient sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris and
Anubis, for a scribe, who receives a funeral offering from hia son.
Calcareous stone.

No. 129. Ancient tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Akar-se, who re-
ceives the adorations of numerous members of his £uni^. Qdca-
rooms stone.

No. 130. Fragment in bas-relief, from the sides of a tomb of A£b^
an officer of the palace, who is represented on it with his wife, and
other members of bb fiimily. About period of 4th dvnasty. From a
tomb in the vicinity of Gizeh. JVom Afr. SaWs collection,

'So, 131. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Akar-ur, who

148 GALLSEY Of ANTIQUITIES. [n. EGYFTIAH

Teceives funeral honours from Tarioos members of his femily.
Abydos. Calcareoua atone.

No. 192. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Horus, Isis, and
Nephthys, for Hara, chief of the cattle of Rameses II., who adores
these divinities, and his deceased parents, and receives funeral honours
from various members of his family. Calcareous stone.

No. 133. Rectangular plinth, hollowed in the centre as if to hold
a statue, with inscriptions relating to Ensa-phtha^neb, a militaiy chief.
Dark granite.

No. 134. Small statue representing Hanata, sumamed Ra-nem-hat»
men, an oflScer in the palace of the monarch Apries, of the 26th
dynasty, kneeling, and holding before him a small naos containing a
figure of Neith ; on it are dedications to Osiris, Neith, and the gods
of Sais. (See No. 86.) ^hck basalt. Presented by Mathew
Duane, Esq.y 1771.

No. 135. Small altar of libations ; the centre in shape of a tank or
reservoir, with steps leading to it. From the temple of Berenice.
Calcareous stone. Presented by Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson.

No. 135 *. Large slab, on which are recorded the disposition of
certain paintings made in the temple of Phtha by a monarch whose
prenomen is Nefer-ka-ra {Nepercheres)^ and whose name has been^
purposely erased, probably one of the kings of the 13th dynasty.
Dark basalt. Presented by the Earl Spencer, 1805.

No. 136. Square pilaster, on which is placed the capital of a
column. Dark granite. Presented by Earl Spencer.

No. 137f . Mutilated statue of Amen-mes, a royal scribe, kneeling
and holdingr the end of a standard. From Upper Egypt. Dark granite^

No. 138. Tablet, with an inscription in the hieratical character^
being a public act, dated in the 6th of the month Choiak, the 11th
year of Amenophis III., 18th dynasty. Calcareous stone.

No. 139. Sepulchral tablet of Rames, priest of the king Meneph.
tab, of the 19th dynasty, adoring Osiris, Horus, and Isis, and receiv*
ing the funeral honours from members of his femily. From Thebes.
Calcareous stone.

No. 140. Head, from the cover of the sarcophagus of Amenophis
III. From the Biban el-Molook. Gray granite. From Mr, SaWs
collection.

No. 141. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris Un-nefer, on be-
half of Painehsi, who is adoring those divinities, and 'receiving the
homage of members of his family. Calcareous stone.

No. 142. Tablet containing an inscription relative to Amen-mes,
a governor of the Ramesseium ; in the 19th dynasty. Calcareous
stone. From Mr. Sams^s collection.

No. 143. Sepulchral tablet of Nechta, a military chief, who is
seated on a chair before a table of offerings, while his wife, Netnub,
his mother, Nechta, and his nurse, Hesi, are seated on the ground be-
fore him; 12th dynasty. Abydos. Calcareous stone. From Mr,
Sales coUection.

No. 144. Sepulchral tablet of Kaha, a judge, who is adoring
Osiris and Anubis, and receiving funeral honours from his family^
Calcareous stone.

GALLERY.] EGYPTIAN ANTTQUITIBS. 149

No. 145. Fragment, ibuiid at the base of the column of Diocle«
tian, commonly called Pompey*8 Pillar; on it are part of the names
and titles of one of the monarcbs named Sebek-hep-t, who are
supposed to have reigned after the 12tb dynasty, and the god Turn

fiving life to the king. Red gratiUe. Presented hy Earl Spencer,

No. 146. Sepulchral tablet of Ruma, commander of the troops of
the palace of the Setheum or edifice of Sethos L, in the centra of
Abydos, who adores Osiris, Isis, and Horus, and receives the adoration
of members of his family. Cakareotu stone.

No. 147. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris-Socharis, Hapi-
Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, Horus, Anubis, and the gods of Ruseta, for Tai-
em-hept, a female. It appears, from the inscription, that she was bom
in the month of Choiak, m the lOth year of the reign of Ptolemy Neos
Dionysus, Philopator, and that on the Epiphi, in the 23rd year of the
reign of Ptolemy, she was married to Pet-bast, a priest holding several
priesthoods, son of Ensa-ati, an officer, and of Her-anch ; on the 15th
£piphi of the 6th year of Cleopatra their son Imouth was bom ;
she was buried on the 18th of Tyhi, in the 10th year of Cleopatnu
Calcetreous stone.

No. 148. Sepulchral tablet of Neferha, a superintendent of the
carriers or builders of the palaces of Thothmes I v., in Abydos, who
Bdores Osiris, Isis, and the ffod Amen-ra, and receives, with other
members of his family, sepulchral honours; it is dedicated to Osiris.
From Abydos. Calcareous stone. From Mr. SaWs coQection,

No. 149. Sepulchral tablet of Ba-en-naa, scribe of the royal
quanries, dedicated to Osiris, Isis, and Neph^ys, whom he adores ; he
receives the funeral honours from his fomily. Calcareous stone. From
Sr. Athanast's collection.

No. 150. Sepulchral tablet of Nefer-abu, a Theban judge, who
adores the goddess Merisekar. The lower part of this tablet, which
is very incomplete, represents the transport of the Ameral and mummy
of the deceased, coloured yellow, style of 19th dynasty. Calcareous
stone.

No. 151. Tablet, much destroyed, representing a judge adoring
Osiris, and receiving funeral honours. Sandstone.

No. 152. .Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Nefer-tut,
who receives the funeral honours from her children. It is dated
in the year 10 of the reign of some monarch. Of early style. From
Abydos. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Salts collection.

No. 153. Tablet, having upon it Amenophis I., standing, and
adoring Amen-ra ram-headed, Num, Sati, and Anucis ; and Thoth-
mes III., offering to Amen-ra, Muth, Chons, and Athor. From
Thebes. Sandstone, From the Earl of Behnore^s collection.

No. 154. Sepulchral tablet of Un-nefer, a royal usher, who stands
adoring Osiris, Isis, and Horus, and various members of his family.
Calcareous stone.

No. 155. Tablet dedicated to Ra, Osiris, and Phtha-Socharis, on

behalf of Thothmes, a Memphian functionary, who, with his brother

and sister, adores Osiris and Isis, and receives funeral honours.

Memphis. Calcareous stone. From Sr, Athanasi^s collection.

No. 156. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Isis, Homs, and

H 8

1^ QAtLBitY or AMXIAUITIES. [N.^saVPTUN

JUmhSs. on bebitf of f^ an ofllct r of a qufan* «bo adoiet Oiiris
and Isig* and with other memben of hu fitmUy reeeivea funeral
bonourt; a tame cynocepbalus i« seated under one of the chairs.
Cakarwu8 stone. From Sr, Athamau^s coUtcdon,

No. 157. The r^^preientatioB of the entrance of a tomb; on itt
Teta (an officer in the service of the king Chafra, or Kephra ( Kephre&X
builder of the second pyramid) and his wife Teht are seated over a
table of viands, attended \>j their children. From a tomb in the
vicinity of the Pyramids, Cakareom stone. From Mr, SaiPs
collection.

No. 167 *. Entrance to a tomb, or false door, similar to the pre-
4^ding. On it Teta, a high officer of state during the lei^ of
Cha&a or Kephren, monarch of the 4tb Memphite dynasty, u re*
presented with bis wife Tebt, and family, maiw of whom are named
«Aer the monarch. From a tomb in the neighbourhood of the Pyw
ramids. Cakareotis gtone. From Mr. Salfe coUectUm,

No. Id8u Sepulchral tablet of Hui* a Memphian judge, who is
adorins Osiris, and receiving funeral lionourg. Calcareous stow.
From Mr. S(dts coUeciion.

No. 159. Very ancient sepulchral tablet, containing a dedication

to Osiris, and prayer for Rut-kar, a priest, who is seated on a chair

by the side of his wife Ata, and viewing various domestic occupations,

«uoh as milking cows» and receiving the offerings of his £amUy.

Abydos. Cakareovs stone. From Mr. Salt's collection.

No. 160. Jamb from the door of a tomb, representing Phtahmes,
4 royal scribe, standing and praying $ below, is the mummy of the
4eceased receivin^f funeral honours. Memphis. CakareotissUme^ From
Mr» Salt's coUectum.

No. 161. Sepulchral tablet, of the period of Rameses the Great;
•on which Ranpu, and Amenmes, two royal scribes, attended by tiie
^numerous members of their fumilies, adore Osiris, Isis, and Horus.
Thebes. Calcareous stone.

No. 162. Early tablet of Ameni, a military commander, who is
standing, followed by his sister. On it is a mention of many festivals.
Cakareous stone.

No. 163. Sepulchral tablet of Nefer.-her, royal scribe of the regis-
ters of the palace of Rameses II., who adiores Osiris, Isis, and
Horus, and is receiving funeral honours ; dated on the ^^9th day of
Pashons, in the 62nd year of Rameses IL From Thebes. Calcareous
stone. From Mr. Salt's collection*

No. 164. Sepulchral tablet of Baknaa, a master of the horse in
the reign of Rameses II., who adores Osiris, Isis, Horus, Anubis, Ra,
Mau, Tefnu, Thoth, Num, and the cow of Athor, and various members
of his family : on it is a prayer to various deities. It is dated in the
Slst year, in one of the festivals of Rameses II. Thebes. Calcareous
jstone. From Mr. Salt's collection.

No. 165. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris and Phtha So-
charis, for Paiur, a superintendent of public works, who adores Osiris,
Isis, and the cow of Athor, and receives funeral honours. Qdcareou$
stone. From Mr. Salt's collection.

No. 166. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to various deities, on behalf
of Hui, an officer of the courtof Rameses Ih, brother of Baknaa, seated

OALLB&Y.] MatnULif AMTIQinTZBi. 151

with his £uiiUy, and leoeiyiiig funeral bonouis. Cahanom tiUme.
From Mr. Salfs coOecHm.

No. 167. Sepulchral tablet of Phtha-em-ua, rojal icribe, in te
reiffn of Rameses IL, adoring Osiris, Isis, and Haanu, and receimg,
wiSi his family, funeral honours. From Thebes. Cakarmnu tUne.
From Mr, Satt$ eoMeetum,

No. 167*. Tablet of a functionary, who is represented seated and
receiving the homaoe of his fiunlly ; on it are the jackals of Anubis,
and aprayer. Cakareous atone, Pre$eMied hy R, Oofi Eaq., 1848w

No. 167**. Fragment from the side of a tomb, containing part of
a prayer from a ritnu and part of the prenomen of the monarch Sethos
II. CcJcareoua UonM.

No. 168. Lower part of a small statue of Thothmce IIL, of the
18th dynasty, kneeling on the nine bows emblematic of the eneroiea
of Egypt ; the bead, which is attached to it, is. a restoration, and does
not belong to it Darkha$aU. From Mr, Sami*s CoUtcHtm,

No. 169. Fresco painting from the sides of the tomb of a scribe
of the foyal wardrobe and granaries; oxen inspected and registered by
scribes ; from the Western Hills of Thebes.

No. 170. Fragment of fresco painting from the walk of the same
tomb, representing a scribe of the royal wardrobes and granaries
standing in a boat, accompanied by his children, and a cat, fowling
for water-birds aoKidst the reeds of the papyrus.

No. 171. Fragment of fresco painting, from the same tomb; tha
delivery of ducks and geese, and their eggs, reffistered by scribes.

No. 172. Group of two figures; retouched. Firom Mr, Smms^M
coBedum,

No. 173. Fragment of a fresco painting, from the same tomb as
Nob. 167, 170, 171, the scribe seated on a chair.

No. 174 Another fragntent, from the same tomb; servants bring-
ing offerings of com, a hare, and a goose.

No. 175. Fragment from the same tomb; an entertainment, at
which some of the females are playing on the imMb, or guitar, and
others on the double flute. PreamUd hy Sir EL EUu^ K,H,

No. 176. Fragment from the same tomb; an old man, with m
kind of crook, standing by a field of com ; a chariot drawn by two
hofses, and another by two white asses, which are feeding.

No. 177. Fragment from the same tomb, representing a rectsn*
gialar fish-pond, surrounded by tre<M. It shows that the £gyptiant
w«re unacquainted with perspecti^^ -.

No. 179. Another frag^pent of a fresoo pakitiiig, representing an
entertainment, servants passiivg round wine, danbing women, others
clapping their hands, ana ploiying on the flute.

No. 180. Anofher fraeitent from the same tomb ; portion of the
figure of the scribeof the gs^inarieB, seated before a lai^e heap of offerings*

No. 181. Another fragment; entertainment, with servants brings
ins wine and tiecklacos.

No. 182. Anoth/r fragment; Asiatic foreigners bringing tribute
and offerings. From Thebes.

No. 18a Bleink.

No. 184. ' S'/pulchral tablet; on it Taneferho, a priertess of PhOia*
is introduced by Horus, Anubis, and Osor^ into tin prtsenee <rf

152 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [N. B^^YFTIAH

Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys; below, is an enchorial inscription dated in
the 19th year of Ptolemy Auletes ; above is the Hut^ or Good Demouy
and nineteen stars. Sakkara. From Mr, Salti. cottection.

No. 185. Blank.

No. 186. Part of the tomb of Pai, a Theban scribe or artist of
public works, dedicated to Mut and Amenophis I. ; colouredL Cal»
eartouB stone.

No. 187. Tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Mentu-hept, superin-
tendent of canaries and wardrobes, anterior to 12th dynasty. Dark
gramte. From Mr. Sams's collection.

No. 188. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Pet-pecht, txve*
named I-em-hept ( Imouthos), holding many priesthoods, who is intro*
duced into the presence of Osuis, Isis, and Nephthys, by Horus, Anu-
bis, and Imouthos; below is an enchorial inscription, supposed to com*
mence with the date of the 6th year of Cleopatra ; on the heavens above
are the Celestial Sun and seven stars. Sakkara. From Mr. SaWs
collection.

No. 189. Graeco-Egyptian tablet, of the Roman period, in bas*
relief; on it a deceased man and woman, introducea by the double
Anubis into the presence of Osiris and Isis. Caleareoua etone. From
Sr, AthanasVs collection.

No. 190. Tablet, of the Ptolemaic period, of Un-nefer, or Hon*
nophris, a priest of the Amen- Horus, son of Tentamen, containing*'
several mystic adorations. Caleareous stone. "

No. 191. Sepulchral tablet of Kaha, a functionary who, at*
tended by his femiily, is represented adoring Ken, or Chiun, stand-
ing on a lion and holding serpents, Renpu, or Remphe, Amen-ia^
as Har, or Horus, and the goddess Anta, or Anaitis. Cakareous stone.

No. 192. Sepulchral tablet of a very early period, dedicated to
Osiris and Anubis, for Asi, a military chief and priest, who stands
with viands before him. Caleareous stone.

No. 193. A tablet, on which is the Sun, with a Greek honorary in-
scription, erected by the local authorities and inhabitants of the village
of Dusiris, in the Letopolitan nome, to Tiberius Claudius Balbillus,
governor of Egypt in the reign of Nero. Found in front of the great
Sphinx at Gizeh. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Salt's collection.

No. 194. Tablet, on which are a train of divinities, standing and
adoring : the inscription of religious import with which it is covered
is peciuiar for the subdivision of the words into squares : found by BeU
zoni in an excavation made in a line parallel to the point of the tem«
pie of Kamak. Calcareous stone.

No. 195. Sepulchral tablet; on it are Har-anchiri, his wife Man,
and vases. Calcareous stone. From Mr, Sams's collection.

No. 196. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Hebemsaf,
who is seen with his femily. Coloured calcareous stone. From Mr,
Same's collection.

No. 197. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Phtah Socharis-Osirhs^
lor a chief named Atai and his wife Annas. Calcareous stone. From
Mr. Same's collection.

No. 198. Sepulchral tablet for User-tesen, a itmctionary, who is
represented on it with his wife and brethren. Coloured calcareous stone.
From Mr, Same's collection*

OAIXERT.] XGYPTIAN ANTIQITmES. t5d

No. 19d. Side of a small pyramid, bearing the name of Kuv, or
Kufii (Cheops), a functionary. CakareauB tUme. From Mr. Sam8*$
collection.

No. 200. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris and Anubis, for
Anup-hept, who is seen on it, with various members of his family.
CohwM calcareous stone.

No. 201. Sepulchral tablet, in form of a door-wav, of a yery
early period, coloured red: it is dedicated to Osins for Neba,.
an mspector of the northern and southehi parts of Egypt, who i»
standing with his family. Calcareous stone. From Mr. SaWs col--
lection.

No. 202. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Anubis, Harsa^
phes, or Khem, Heka, Num, and Horus, for Kar-nefer, a high officer
of state, who is represented on it with his numerous family. Cal*
careous stone.

No. 203. Sepulchral pyramidion, on which the deceased is repre-
sented seated before a table of viands. Calcareous stone. From Mr.
Salts collection.

No. 204. Sepulchral tablet, very rude, dedicated to Osiris foi*
Ameni, a sphragistes [?] of Osiris, who is standing with his family ; on
it is a prayer; figures, &c., coloured blue. Calcareous stone. From
Mr. Sams*s collection.

No. 205. Sepulchral tablet, in shape of a door-way, of the rudest
execution and unfinished, dedicated to Osiris for a deceased, who ap«
pears on it with some members of his family. Calcareous stone. From
Mr. Same's collection.

No. 206. Sepulchral tablet, coloured ; on it Mentu^m-matu, and
his wife Ren-sanchu. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Sams*8 collection.

No. 207. Sepulchral tablet of a deceased User, who appears on it
with his ^sunily ; unfinished, the figures being only traced out Ctd^
careous stone.

No. 208. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for a scribe.
Calcareous stone.

No. 209. Sepulchral tablet, in shape of a doorway, dedicated to
Osiris for Usertesen, a scribe, who is seated on a chair, with his wife and
family seated on the ground before him. Calcareous stone. From
Mr. Same's collection.

No. 210. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Aka, a fonc-*
tionary, who is seated on a chair, holding a whip, having before him
his wife and family ; on it are traces of blue colour. Calcareous
stone. From Mr. Sams*s collection.

No. 211. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Socharis for Tu-tu,
a scribe, and officer of the palace of Ai, priest and monarch of the
18th dynasty. He adores Socharis, seated, hawk-headed, and crowned
with the atf. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Salts collection.

No. 212. Sepulchral tablet for Heb-hai, a high officer of state of
Nepercheres, monarch of the 5th dynasty, dedicated to Osiris and
Anubis. Calcareous stone.

No. 213. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Mentu-hept,
who is seated with his wife, and receiving the offerings of his family
and household. Calcareous stone ^

IM OAliLBfty OF ANTIftniTIEf. [k. EftYFdiLN

No. 214. 8c»ulehril tablet, dedicated to OsirU for a deoeaa«i;
above, in bas-reuef* ii a monarch, crowned in the tesher» or lower
part of the pschent, standing in a boat, adoring Osiris, Isis wearing tall
pUimee on her head, and Horus represented as a hawk on a stancbrd ;
below, the dec e ased and his wife receivii^ funeral honours firom their
family. Cakareous stone. From Mr, Salt's coUectiou.

No. 215. Sepuldiral tablet m shape of a doorway ; on it, in six
compartments, are as many dedications to Osiris for Saeb-8u-em-ha,a
lunctionaiT, and the memoers of his fsmiiy.

No. 216. Sepulchral tablet; on it is a lady named Tachai, seated
before a table of viands, on the other side of wmch stands her dauditer
Kia. From the tombs near the Pyramids. Cakiunsous statu, Firam
Mr. Salts collection.

No. 216*. Sepulchral tablet, with a rounded top, for Tennu or
Chennu, a functionary, who is seated on a chair, receiving the ho-
mage of his wife and femily ; dedicated to Osiris and Anubis. CaU
careous stone.

No. 217. Small sepulchral tablet of very rude execution, on which
some deceased personages are seen adoring a queen seated in a naos.
Thebes. Calcareous stone. From Mr. SaWs collection.

No. 218. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Har-em-usch, a
deceased female, who is seen seated at a table of viands, on the other
side of which is her son and daughter. Cakarsoms stone. From Mr.
Same's collection.

No. 219. Sepulchral tablet, of very rude execution, dedicated to
Osiris for a family, and containing a register of eight femily names.
Calcareous stone. From Mr. StUfs ctMection.

No. 220. Sepuldiral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for User-tesen, soqi
of Hapi, who is seated with his wife. Cakareous stone.

No. 221. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris and Anubis for
S-hept-hati, an officer, who is seated on a chair, with other mem^
hers of his femily. i2th dynasty. Calcareous stone. From Mr. StJfs
collection.

No. 222. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris and Anubis for
Ukemef. Calcareous stone.

No. ^3. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Ameni, a royal
crown maker, wno is seated on a chair with her son and daugfator;
above, the eyes of the aun, water, and signet Cakareous stone.

No. 224. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Nekusen*
who appears with members of his family. Cakareous stone.

No. 2*25. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for a deceased;
verv illegible. Arragonite.

No. 226, Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Userte^n, who«
seated before a table of offerings, receives tlie gifts of a numerous
family ; below is a register of familv names : colour^ Calcareous stone*

No. 227. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, tor Cbeperka, a
guardian of the palace ; standing, with other members of his fiimily;
Cakareous stone.

No. 228. Sepulchral tablet, of ver^ rude style, the hieroglyphics
or hieratical writing containing a femily procession, and a register
of family names. Cakareous stone. From Mr. Sams's collection.

No. 9S9. SvpMaal teUet, dediestad to Oiiris ibr Ki, son of
jgebekhept, who u rtandmg with his wife Aah^; on H is a Tegiiter of
^mnily names. Calcareous stone.

Ko. 290, Sepulchral tablet of ▼ery rude ezeeulkm, and the hiero-
glyphics much resembling hieratic ; on it are nine members of a h-
nulv> and a register of iiiwily mmei. Caleanou^sUme. From Mr,
Sak^s coBedum.

No. 231. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Amen-em-hsy
who appears with his £unily. Cakareous sUme.

Ho. 292. Sepulchral tablet, containing a prayer and dedicatbn to
Osiris for Tata, having before her two sons. Calcareous stons.

No. 2da Sepulchrt^l tablet, dedicated to Osiris, and inscribed with
a prayer for Anel^ef, in the reign of Aroea-em-ha IV., of 12th dynasty.
FouEid at Malta. Calcareous stoma, PresmUsdbyJ. B, ColHngs, Esq,
No. 234. Sepulchral tablet, in shape of a doorway, dedicated to
Osiris for Sebek-tata, who is represented jtanding on the tide of a
table of oflferings, on the other side of which is nis son : coloured.
Cakareous stone. From Mr. 8ams*s coUeetion.

No. 235. Sepulchral tablet, in shape of a doorway, dedicated to
the gods and goddesses of Abydos for Ameni, a military chief, who k
seated on a chair, having before him a table of riands. Ab3rdos.
Calcareous stone. From Sr, AthanasVo eoUectiom,

No. 236. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Nem-hept, a
guanlian, who is seated by the side of his wife before a table, and re-
ceiving the homage of hii family. Cakareous stone. From Sr, Aiko^
nasCs collection.

No. 237. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for User, son of
Miflih, a chamberlain of the palace, who is seated on a chair before a
table of viands, on the other side of which is his son standing ; below,
are his mother and two sisters, seated upon the ground : coloured. CaL
careous stone. From the coBecthn of Sr, Anastasi,

No. 238. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Phtah Socharis (Osiris)
'for Nems, son of Ki, a roval eouusellor, seated on a chair, receiving
the offerings of his son Aba-ur, and his wife Aba, who kneels on the
ground; idiove are various members of the femily seated on the
ground, and the jackals of Anubis. Sandstone. From the coUeetion
of Sr, Athanasi.

^ No. 239. Sepulchral tablet, coloured, in shape of a doorway, de-
dicated to Osiris and Anubis for Penttefaati-ur, guardian of the store-
house, who is seated on a chair holding a lotus, and receiving sepulchral
offerings from his mother and wife ; below, cakes of bread. Coloured.
No. 240. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, by a sepulchral
p«B^er for Ren-paif, a functionary, who stands before two rows of
vanous viands, and a c^; his wife Aba » is seated on the ground
before him. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Sams^s collection.

No. 241. Sepidchral tablet, of square shape, dedicated to Anubis
for Nech-ta, a military chief, who is seated on a chair before a table of
viands, his wife Meses standing, and placing her hand on his shoulder ;
below is a similar dedication and scene for Penti-cha-hept and his wife
Athorsi. Abydos. Calcareous stone. From Sr. AthanasVs collection.
No. 242. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Sebek-naau, a

i.*

156 6ALLBKY OP ANTIQUITIS8. [n. EGYPTIAN

guardian of the palace, who is seated od a chair before a table of
viands ; on the tablet below are various members of his family. Cal-
careous stone.

No. 243. Sepulchral tablet, containing a long prayer and dedica^
lion for a deceased, Penti-cha-ti-naa. Calcareous stone.

No. 244. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for a deceased, son
of Annu, who is seated on a chair before a table of offerings. Much
mutilated. Calcareous stone.

No. 245. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for a deceased
by his brother Phtah-Socharis, standing before a table of viands.
Calcareous stone.

No. 246. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Phtah-Socharis and
Anubis for Sneb-su-em-ba, son of An, a door-keeper of some temple ;
he is seated on a chair with numerous viands before him. Abydo9.
Calcareous stone.

No. 247. Sepulchral tablet ; above symbolic eyes and signet, dedi-
cated to Osiris for User-tesen-senebu, a functionary, who is seated on
a chair before a table laden with viands, at the other side of which are
his three daughters seated on the ground, and offering baskets of viands.
Calcareous stone. From Mr, Sanu^s collection.

No. 248. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Sabu, a scribe,
who is seated, with various members of his &m[iily. Calcareous
stone.

No. 249. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for As, a func-
tionary of the palace, and other members of the family; below is a
register of family names. Calcareous stone.

No. 250. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Pa-en-ti-nen,
who is with various members of his fieimily. Calcareous stone.

No. 251. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Penti-chati, a
high officer of state, roval cousin, and chamberlain ; he is seated on a
chair before a table laden with viands. Calcareous stone.

No. 252. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Snebsu-em-ha,
standing erect, holding a wand of office, and receiving funeral honours
from his son Renpa, and other members of his family. Calcareous stone.

No. 253. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Phtah-Socharis- Osiris, for
Nuentef ; below is a register of family names. Calcareous stone.

No. 254. Sepulchrd tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Anubis, and Phtab,
Socharis, for Pa^enten, inspector of the scribes of the south, who
stands with a wand of offic^, oefore a table of offerings, before which
is his wife Nefer-nub. Calcareous stone.

No. 255. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Athorsi,
bearer of the royal bow ; he is followed by his daughter Aat, and
receives funeral honours from his brethren, his wife, mother, and
grandmother. Calcareous stone.

No. 256. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Senefru, who
stands and receives funeral honours from his father, mother, and bro-
ther. He declares that he was prefect of the palace Of Amen-em-ha
II., of the 12th dynasty ; on it is a family register. Cakareous stone.
From Mr. Sams*s collection.

No. 257. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Sebek-hept, a
functionary, who is seated on a chair by the side of his wife, receivings

GALLBEY.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 157

the funeral honours of his femily; it is dated in the 6th year of.
User-tesen IL, 12th dynasty. Caicareous stone. From Mr, Soma's
coUection,

No. 258. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for a family; un-
fortunately much mutilated; on it are the prenomens of Amen-emhas
III. and IV., of the 12th dynasty, who reigned conjointly. CcUca*
reous stone. From Mr, Sob's collection.

No. 259. Small tablet; on it is the ram of Amen-ra, wearing
plumes, an altar, on which is a water-vase, set before him ; 18th dy-
nasty. Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the Earl of Behnore's coir
lectton.

No. 260. Part of a sepulchral tablet, on which is Ra, seated in a
boat, traversing the heavens, and two symbolical eyes. Thebes. CaU
careous stone. From the Earl ofBelm^ore's collection.

No. 261. Portion of a sepulchral tablet, Pa-sheti, a royal scribe
and officer of justice, adoring a divinity ; followed by his sister.
Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the Earl of JBelmore's collection.

No. 262. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Phtah for Pa-sheti, a
Theban judge, who offers incense to that deity, accompanied by his
wife, son, and brother. Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the Earl
of JBelmore's collection.

No. 263. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Anta (Anaitis) by a
judge ; the goddess is represented standing, having before her a stand
and vase. Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the Earl of Belmore's
collection.

No. 264. ^ Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Renpu or Remphe by
Pa-sheti, a judge in the western part of Egypt, who kneels and
adores the divinity, whose figure is unfortunately much destroyed.
Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the Earl of Belmore's coUection.

No. 265. Sepulchral tablet, representing several judges and ju-
dicial functionaries, standing, and adoring Phtah in a shrine supported
by Athor, and having behind him a kind of standard. Thebes. CaU
careoUs stone. From the Earl of Belmore's collection.

No. 266. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Thoth-her-makutf kneels and
adores Ra, or the bark of the Sun, in which that god is seated,
having before him a cynocephalus holding a symbolical eye. Th&
hieroglyphics and figures are coloured yellow. Thebes. Calcareous
stone. From the Earl of Belmore's collection.

No. 267. Sepulchral tablet ; on it is Neb-nefer, a judicial func-
tionary, attended by seven judges, adores Phtah Num, Sate, and Anu-
cis; coloured, but retouched. Thebes. Calcareous stone. From
the Earl of Belmore's collection.

No. 268. Sepulchral tablet, rather mutilated ; on it Neb-tefu, a
judge, and his sister Athor, kneel, and make an adoration to the Sun, '
the disk of which is represented in a bark traversing the heavens.
Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the Earl of Belmore's coUection,

No. 269. Sepulchral tablet ; on it two judges and a judicial scribe
are represented adoring Phtah seated in his shrine, with Athor as the
West standing behind him. Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the
Earl of Belmore's collection.

No. 270. Small sepulchral tablet; above are two small conical
objects in bas-relief, terminating in human heads, which have bee»

158 GALLE&Y OF ANTiQVtTiBS. [N^SOWnAH

«d(led to the tablet ; below is traced the bead of a mm and bieroglf-
'ohics. Thebes. Caktu^eotu atome. JProm ibe Eari of Bdm9f\e*s ^oi-
tectum.

No. 271. Sepulchral tablet, imperfect; oa it Pa-reD-nefer, a
judge, kneels and adores the Sun, the disk of which is aeea in iti
bark traversing the heavens. Thebes. Ctdcartous stone. JFrom
the Earl of Belmore's collectwrL

No. 272. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Pa-neb, a cfaoef of the registrars
of justice, attended bj his three sons, kneeli]^ and adorins a great
serpent. Thebes. Cabareow stone. From the Earl i^Beimor^t
collection.

No. 273. Sepulchral tablet; oa U, Pariieb, attended by his sons,
kneeling and adoring the goddess Afen-s^er, snake-headed, seakad
on a throne, and holding a lotus sceptre. Cmloareous stone,^

No. 274. Sepulchral tablet; on it Kaha, a judge, is seen atand-
ing, and holding in each hand a vase-stand, and worshipping Amen-
ophis I., monarch of the 18th dynasty, who stands, wearing &e attire
of Phtah-Socharis, and holding in his hands a whip and crook, and
emblem of stabilitj. Calcareous stone.

No. 275. Sepulchral tablet; on it a deceased, Aahmes (AmasuX
seated before a table of viands, receiving the adoration of a member ii
his family. Calcareous stone.

No. 276. Sepulchral tablet; on it is the divinity Harueris seated
on a throne, wearing the pschent, having behind lour eyes and two
ears, and before him a table of offerings. Nebra, a Theban judges
stands before him, praying that the god will grant his eyes to see and
ability for him to walk. Thebes. Calcareous stone, ti^om the JSmi
of Belmore's collection.

No. 277. Upper part of a sepulchral tablet of fine execution ; on
it the monarch Amenophis 1., 18th dynasty, is represented seated on
a chair, holding a crook and emblem of life, by the side of his wife
Aahmes- Ari-nefer, or Nefer-arL Thebes. CtUcareous stone. From
the Earl of Belmore's coUec^on.

No. 278. Sepulchral tablet, wdl executed; on it Ken-her-chepsh,
a judge, kneels and adores, with a peculiar ]Haver to Athor, who is
seated on a throne, attended by " Life," as an Athlophoros. Thebes.
Calcareous stone. From the Earl ofBehnore's collection.

No. 279. Sepulchral tablet; on it Semen-ta-ti, a door-keeper of the
tribunals of justice, kneels, and adores Amen-ra, whose sceptre is
entwined by a lotus plant, and Mut ; below, Atefenatef, a flabelluia
bearer, attended by his sister, Ta-pen-nu, or Nefer, kneels, and adores
the goddess Meri-seker. Thebes. Caldireous st4me. From the Emrl
(fBebnoT^s collection.

No. 280. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Batai, a female, is seated oil a
chair by the side of her mother Hen-nefer, who affisctionately em«
braces her; her fether Amen-em^ha offers to her incense, water, and
viands; below is a dedication to Osiris. Calcareous stone. Firom
Sr. AnastasCs coUection.

No. 281. Sepulchral tablet, in two divisions; in one, Tenachi, a
judge, stands in adoration, with his sister Nefer-ari behind him, la
adoration to Ra, and in the other to Osiris. Calcareous stone, F^m
Ifr. Soma's collection.

AALLsmy.] wamuM antiqititibs. IfiD

No. 282. Sepuldval (iibleC, veU executed, aid in bai-velief ; on
it^l. Pa-«faeti, a door-keeper of tbe nortbern reservoin or taala ift
Tbeltts, is seen ivorsbnipiBg Oma and Annbis. 2. The same, seated
joa a cliair and heading a lotus, at 4iie side of his wife Mut-Befsr,
receiving the adorsAioos of fais son Neb-seni, a judge, and another
4on. 3. The same, Neb-senu, making a sepulchral offering to Mut,
Hem-neter, and Ari-nefer. Cahareaus stxmie. From Megor Jenri/it
eoikction.

Ho, 283. Sepntehral tablet; on it Pa^ien-nefer* a judge, adores
die ram, the living emblem of Amen-ra, while bis wile, two sons, and
a daughter, worship the goddess Mut In the sepuldiral dedication
(the deceased asks that his name may endure in tne tribunal of truth,
as Truth itself. Calcare9us stone,

No« 283*. Tablet of Amenmes, a judffe, who, attended by itve
females of his family, stands adoring the godoesses Ta-her or Thoueris»
hippopotamus-headed, Sate, and Athor. Thebes. Calcareous stone.

No. 264. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Ari-nefer, attended by his sister
Sha-ta, bearing a basket <^ viands, kneels and adores the goddess
Taur, Taher, or Thoueris, represented under the form of a hippopota-
mus, standing erect, with a crocodile's tail down the back ; coloured.
Thebes. CSdcareoms stone. From tbe Earl ofBebnore's coUectkm.

No. 285. Upper part of a sepulchral tablet; on it Tent-tut oflen
a libation and viands to his Mher Un-nefer, a royal bard, seated at the
stde of his wife RabechL Thebes. Calcareous stone. From the
JEmrl of Bdmore^s eoUeetion, *

No. 286. Upper part of a sepulchral tablet ; on it is a judge adonnff
Ihe god Phtah. Hiebes. Qdcareous stone. From the Earl of Bd-
more's collection.

No. 287. Part of a tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Atai, a scribe ;
part of the figure of the divinity and scribe only remain. Cakareous stone.

No. 288. Sepuldural tablet; on it a keeper of the papyri or rolls
4>f some palace or temple, with his numerous fiimily, who are of the
same class, »ad some of them priestesses, adores Isis and Osiris.
AlMrdos. Calcareous stone. From Mr, Sidts eoUection,

m. 289. Sepulchral tablet, richly coloured; on it Bak-kai, chief
baker of the palace of Tai, tbe queen of Amenophis IIL, 18th
djmasty, holding lotus flowers, and accompanied by his sister
Ta^-nupe, adores Onris ; and his diildren bringing offerings of viands
to his father and sister. Calcareous stone. From Sr, AnastasVs col'
Jeetion.

No. 290. Sepulchral tablet; on it Akhar-ber, door-keeper of the
pylon of one of the Ramesseia, attended by four members of his
aumly, is worshipping Osiris and hk ; the hieroglyphics have been
coloured yellow. (Sskareous stone.

No. 291 . Sepulchral tablet ; on it Ka-ha, a judge, stancBng, offer-
ing incense, pure water, and viakls, and adoring tiw ram, living em*
-blem of Amen-ra; below, two similar functionaries, oflfering, and
adoring Athor, the deceased monarch Ameno]rfus L, 18th dynasty,
and his wife Aahmes Ari-nefer. Calcareous stone.

No. 292. Sepulchral tablet ; on it a functionary, followed by many
SMmbers of his femily, aU high fimetionaries, standing and adoring
Osiris and Isis ; details eolourcd yellow. Caieareous statu.

160 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [N. EGYPTIAN

No. 293. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Tuiia,
m royal bow-bearer, and servant of the king, whom he has ac-
companied in all lands; he is seated above at the side of his
sister Kefa, opposite his father Ta-en, and his mother Ta-humai;
below are his brethren ; in bas-relief. Calcareous stone.

No. 294. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Kari, a function*
ary, who stands and offers to Osiris seated on a throne, having be-
hind him the standard of the west ; below are the father and brethren
of the deceased, seated on chairs feeing each other, before a table of
viands; the deceased is here seen receiving the celestial water from
Nut-pe, who pours it out of her sycomore. Calcareous stont.

No. 295. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Apu, one of
the carriers of the shrines of the arks of Amenophis III., who adores
Osiris, Harsiesis, and Isis; other members of his fiunily are seen
seated. Calcareous stone.

No. 296. Portion of a monument ; it represents Maa-necht-ef, a
superintendent of the public works of Upper and Lower Egypt, hold-
ing up a tablet, in wnich, along with nis sister Nefer-en-shaa, he
addresses the Sun, as identified with Amen and Atum; coloured.
Calcareous stone.

No. 297. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Amen-men, a Theban judge,
stands adoring Osiris, Isis, and Horus ; and below, worshipping Amen-
ophis I., of the IBth dynasty, his mother Aahmes-Nefer-Ari, or Ari-
Nefer, who is coloured black, and the queen Sat-en-ahames. Pro-
bably from Thebes. Calcareous stone. From Mr, Salts coU
lection.

No. 298. Small fragment, on which, in bas-relief, is a steer, with
its legs tied under it. Calcareous stone.

No. 299. Small tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Tua, who receives
adorations from his sister Abnes. Calcareous stone.

No. 800. Sepulchral tablet, coloured, dedicated to Osiris, for
Aahmes (Amasis), who seated, holding a lotus, receives offerings
and a libation of water from his brother Necht, a superintendent of
the Hesi (a black people). Calcareous stone. From Mr. Samsfs
collection.

No. 301. Sepulchral tablet, vrith a remarkably pointed top, and
small square bason in front, probably for the libations made to the
dead ; on it, Tu-tu, a sandal-maker, followed by his sister Meri-seker,
stands adoring Osiris ; and the same, seated by the side' of his sister,
receives viands, incense, and water from his son and daughters ; above,
eyes of the sun, and signet of the solar orbit Calcareous stone.
From Sr. Anastasfs co&ction.

No. 302. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Isis, and Nepb-
thys for Peta-best ( Pet-bubastis), superintendent of the place of
the Apophb serpent [?] standing and adoring Osiris, Socharis, Isis, and
Nephthys. Calcareous stone. From the collection of Sr. AnastasL "

No. 303. Sepulchral tablet, richly coloured, in three divisions :-*
1. Kahu, a superintendent of the place of deposit of the oflRerings
made to Amen, shorn, and clad in a panther skiQ, stands offering in-
t^ense, libations, and viands to Osiris, Isis, represented as the West,
and Anubis. 2. The same deceased, but wearing hair and a different
dress, seated by the side of his sister Nem, and receiving adonitioDs

GALLERY.] SGYmAK ANTIQUITIES. 161

and offerings of viands from his four sons, one of whom b a priest of
Amen-hept ( Amenophis) I. S. His daughters and younger children,
bringing various offerings of viands and green lotus-flowers, behind
him, stands with vases, mats, and eatables. Sandstone, F^om 8r,
Ana»ta»Cs cottecHon.

No. d04. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Cheb, Sef or
Uta [?], a scribe of the royal table, who, attended by members of his
feooaily, adores Osiris, Isis, and Horus ; below are other members of the
family worshipping Amen Horus, and some seated on the ground.
Calcareous stone.

No. S05. Sepulchral tablet of Nefer-ba, a judge, in two divi*
sions ; in the first, members of the family are seen offering iuneral
honours, and deploring four mummies, which are placed upright ; in
the lower division, the mummv of the deceased is laid out by Anubis ;
below, the commencement of the first chapter of the great Funeral
Ritual. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Salts collection.

No. 906. Sepulchral tablet; on it a female superintendent of offer-
ings stands, followed by seven other members or the family, adoring
Osiris Pethempamentes seated on a throne ; coarse execution. SanS'
stone.

No. d07. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Phtha>Socharis- Osiris
and Anubis, for Mahu, the king*s bow-bearer, who, attended
by his sister Nefer-ari, offers viands and geese and lotus -flowers to
Osiris. In the lower part the same Mahu and Nefer-ari, seated side
by side on chairs, receive the celestial bread and waters from Nupe,
standing in her sycomore, behind which is Amen-em-an, the chief
servant of Mahu, holding his master's bow. Calcareous stone. From
Sr. AtkanasVs collection.

No. 908. Sepulchral tablet in shape of a doorway, with a pyra-
fnidion above ; on it a deceased is represented, holding a lotus, and
seated on a chair, receiving incense and water from his son. Calcareotta
stone.

No. 909. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Pen-amen, a
scribe and sacerdotal functionary attached to the worship of Ra and
Atum, who adores Osiris, Isis, and Horus ; below, in two divisions,
are members of the faunily seated on the ground on both sides of a
table of viands. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Salts collection.

No. 910. Upper part of a sepulchral tablet in bas-relief; on it
Rui, a superintendent of the abode of the Sun, seated by the side of
his wife, Akemai, who has been his nurse, beneath whose chair is a
tame ape, receiving lotus flowers and libations from his son ; above,
eyes, signet, and water. Calcareous stone. ^

No. 911. Sepulchral tablet, of poor execution; on it Mahu, a
scribe, attended by three members of his family, all bringing lotus
flowers as offerings to Osiris ; and below, various members of the family
receiving offerings from others. Calcareous stone.

No. 912. Sepulchral tablet; Semen-teta, an officer of the king,
standing, and adoring Osiris and Isis, and followed by other members
of his n^ily. Calcareous stone.

No. 919. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Paiah-remi, a chief groom of
the king, followed by his wife, stands adoring Osiris ; below age va-
rious members of the fomily ; coloured yellow. Calcareous stone*

No. ai4. Sepvlclunl tablet; on il P]itak.«ni.]iei», a sorUM of tfie
rojral revenues, kneels and adores Osiris^ and oflbra incense and pate
water to his fother, inother, and olher nemben of his ^inilj^ att
seated upon the ground. Gde&reotu atotu.

No. 315. Sepulchral tablet ; on it a scribe of thesaered doihca 0i
ali the sods, adores Osiris^ IsiS) and Hacsiesis; below» variooi nwai.
bam of &e family, and £Miiily worsh^^ Cakarmmt stoim.

No. 316. Sepulchral tablet; on it Nefer-sescn-nn, a judge, Inedi^
holding a stand, on which are three conical cakes of bvrad» to- the
goddess Athor, seated on a throne, having a human head and tmni
of ursu; below aw his son% also jiid|^ kneeling. Cakarmms

Now 317. Sepulchral tablet; on it Hara, a raonardi or g o vc r n oiof
& province, standing and wecshipping the deceased monapeh, Amen^
aphis L, and hb wife Aahaiea-Ari-nefev; below, his sons, all high
fbnctionaries, fellow Inm kk adoratieii. C a kmr m m iUue, Fnm
Mr. Saie» eoUtctim.

No* dia Sepukhcal tablet^ on it a JMdp of the western port ef
Egjrpt adiues^ Ra ; part of a figure of Oraos it aho visible. Od"
careous stone, JFVoni Mr. 807/18*8 collection.

No. 319. Part el a Mpokhcal tMist, or ef the side of a tamb,
Qoleured; on it are Osins, Anubis, and Athor.. Cdeareomt atmte.-

No. 320. Sepulchral tabla, dedicated teRa,ferRa^be% a judges
idoiring the Sun ;. coloured. Cakareoms stome.

No. 321. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, fbr Har-eCa? «
asrvent; on it Paalo> a priest^ aderea Osiris» Isis, and. Horas. CeA^
mMOH88km^

No. 322. Lower part of a sepulchral tablet, lesemUing No. 324^
on the jambs are the ends of two dedicadons for Bated ; b^ow are
members of the family receiving sepulchral ofierings;, it is dedwntei
by Artu*nenu-ma, charioteer of the king, and brother of BataL Cn^
careou8 atone.

No. 323. Sepulchral taUet; on it the sceptre of Atfaer^ hapvfog^
Amen-mes, a fimctionary, and his sister,, standing and worshipping iC
Cakareaua atone. From the eoUecHon of Sr^ AthaumtL

No. dSMt. Sepulchral tablet, in the form of a doorway, dedjeated
to the Sun's disk and to Ra, for Ptah-em-aav gwardian of the treanuijiiy
nho, seated by the side of his sister, receives the adoration oi" his
children ; below are various membess- of the fimiiljR» and £unily wev>
ahk>. CUcoraMis atone. From Sn AmaetoMBa eoUediom,
^No. 325. Sepulchral tablet,, dedicated to Ckhris, for a saeerdolil
functionary holding many officfisi» amonff others that of theomto^ef
the arks of the temple of PseffimetieBue ; he adorae Ra asd Us ;
ccAonred. Cabareou» aUme,

No. 326. Long sepulchrd tiddet,.or part of the side of a tomb ;
on it is a funeral procession of male and female moumen,. foHownig
a tail tqiiririit oheit» carried by fiour men and a boy ; coloured Aby-
doSk. CWSoraoKt' atone. From Sr. Athantmla eoUection

No. 327. Sepulchral tablet; on it Her^ kneelB in adoratieiE to
Qsirie^and Uis^ and ia followed by his family, wlm are scribes andiaer-
vavtac CaiboTMiia aione.

likh d2& Votive tablet^ richly colewred^ Off it R8m«we^,o€te

} wamrsAH AHViQDitnw. liS

Mk dj|HM*3F, itMrf^ ofoing^aa hMge of Thrthto Phtah, feltowed
lam sn oiieen Bait w trn tf^ with a ftaiManl ; below are a judge aod
his son, Hu-nefer, kneeling. Calcareous stone.

No. 329% Fragment ti a sepotchral tablet, titMj coloured ; on it
a functionary adomg Ra. CtJcarmms attmt.

Ho. asa Sepulchral toblet, dedicated to Ra, for Piensbest; ovit is
te hadk of Ham sun, in which are Ra, Ter, or Ckc|>er, Irs, and
NephtkTS, traversii^ the heanrens. Sawdstone.

No» aSl. Sepukhral tablet, dedicated to Ra and ^e great gods,
lor Uta-ren^s, a female, who adores the boat of the sob, in which
]» Ra» Atum, Isia, and Nephthyt; cokMuredi 8and§tom, JFVwn tht
Eari of JBebnore*s coIUcHoiu

Mai. 8312. Sepolchral tablei; on it Api, a judge, kne^ng and
vMering a king prayer (m the course of which it is st^ed that the Kght
of the IBB is- cafied tfaa god Amen in Thebes) to Ra, whose disk,
im a boat, is trareraittg tbs air. Tkis tabliet was probably executed
lor one of the sun-wershippers^ who died in the reign of Amenophis
Hi. or IV. Cmkamtitmat&nti,

No. 333. Tablet of Tasha, daagbter of Ameniritas, dedicated to
Obiris^ whom, accompanied by the g^deas Ins, she is represented ador-
rnf^ Qdeanotu sUmti

Nat 334. Sepulchsab tablet; dedicated to Osiris, for An^ a
goanfot of' the oflMiga of idl liie god^ who appears with
cAtr members of his fkmi^; very rude execution, and cofoured.
Sandstone. From Sr. AthanasCs coUection.

Ko. 336. Sepalchral tablet^ in 8hape> of a door, dedicated to
Odri^ fee a fimctionary whose brolher stands and worships Osiria;
bdbwy his wife kneels befeie a table of viandiB^ accompanied by his
dttldr^i. Calcareous stont. From the eoUtotion of Sr. AnmstoM,

N((k 336. Sepulchral taMet; on it is^ Osiris Omiophris, in vory
salient relief, haying on one side Ins m^ &e chsfc and horns, and on
&e ether Nephthys,. **the daughter of Seb ; ** below, Har-kebh^ a
Btfriotat fimetionarv, kneefing and adoring. Calcareous stone.

No. 337. Sepuldbrat tablet, the subject of which is coloured, and
mat engraved; oni it A-ur, followed by a male and female relation
adoring Ra, and on it i» a sepukhral dedication to Oskria StamU

Nok 3Sa Seputehral tabDeft, dedicated to^ Otoiris, for Pa>uher-^».
her^ a scribe, hokfing vadMMM efllces, who< adores Ra and Ioe ; above
are symbolieai eyes, the qrmbol fer good, Ate. Cakarefms stame*
PNmMr. Sa&*s eolUetmm.

N& 339. S^pokshral tablet; on it the prinacipd maaBbers of a
frflttly, IbHowed' by others, adormg Osiria; below^ family i^rship ;
the-nameaof manypenons haAre bMB> purpose^ erased throo^ioirt;
coloured ; coarse style. Calcareous stone.

No. MOk Sepulchral taMet; on it a deceased, named Ta-sha^n-
han itands adoring Osiria, I«i8> andl Morns; bdow, tho same ofem
vAands and a Kbaoen to various mfimlter» of his ftunify ; ootaorad
ygtHAomi €itlcapmn» stone. ifHt^

No. 8*1. Sopulcfarat taMet; e» it io Pa-^ti, a ^idge, adbnam
Amen-ra ; the inscription refers to some monument made to the gea
^Pto^ammimrlnKtieniyt CkkamomBsimm

164 6ALLBKY OF ANTIQVITIB8. [k, E6YPTIAK

No. 342. Tablet of peculiar style ; on it Pa-hetp, a priest, stand-
ing and offering three cakes of bread on a stand to Phtah. Cai-
careous stone.

No. 343. Sepulchral tablet, in bas-relief; on it a deceased
standing and offering to a goddess. Cakareotut stone.

No. 344. Sepulchral tablet; on it Cha-em-ui, seated before a
table of viands ; coloured ; executed about the time of Amenophis
IV., during the heretical worship of the sun. Calcareous stone.

No. 345. Sepulchral tablet, with a dedication to Osiris, for Amen-
er-haf, a judge, who Icneels in adoration to Osiris seated on a throne, be-
hind which IS a papyrus. Calcareous stone. From Mr. SaiVs coU
lection.

No. 346. Part of a figure of Us-ha, a Theban judge, holding
before him a tablet, on which he and his son, Ka-ti, a similar func-
tionary, are Icneeling and addressing the sun under various names and
attributes : coloured. Calcareous stone. From Mr, Sams*s coOectian,

No. 347. Sepulchral tablet, coloured ; on it Ta-hes, a servant of
the goddess Mut, stands holding a mirror over an altar, and adoring
Ra. From Mr. Barker* s colMtum.

No. 348. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Necht, a chief of servants, fol-
lowed by two relatives, adores Osiris and Anubis ; below are various
members of the family receiving fimeral houours. Calcareous stone.

No. 349. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Bak>en-amen, scribe of the
royal wine-cellar, followed by his family worshipping Osiris and Isis.
Sandstone.

No. 350. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Amen-ra, Maut, and
Chuns, for Amen-ha, an officer of the worship of Merephtah, who
stands offering incense to these divinities, followed by his wife, a
priestess holding a sistrum, and his son ; on the other side, the same
person is represented worshipping Amen-Horus; coloured. Sand'
stone. From Sr. AthanasVs collection.

No. 351. Sepulchral tablet; on it Amen-mes, a royal scribe, b
standing and adoring Osiris and Isb; on the lower part other mem-
i>ers of the family, also worshipping. Sandstone.

No. 352. Sepulchral tablet; on it are three members of a £unily,
standing and adoring Ra. Calcareous stone.

No. 353. Sepulchral tablet; on it is Tete, flabellum-bearer before
the sun, seated on a chair by the side of his sister Mut-em-usch; be-
low are various members of the iamily seated on the ground before
him. Calcareous stone. From Sr, Athanasi's collection.

No. 354. Sepulchral tablet; on it Rebi, followed by his sister and
«on, adoring Osiris; below, the same person, seated on a chair by
the side of his sister Nebt-nefru, receives viands and libatbns fix>m
his daughter and three sons, seated on the ground before him. Co/ba-
reous stone.

No. 355. Tablet; on the upper part are the same three divinities
as Tablet No. 191, viz., the goddess Ken, or Kiun, of the Moabites,
Amen-Horus, Khem, or Shemesh, and the divinity Renpu» or
Raiphan ; below are two functionaries of justice, kneeling and
adoring them; coloured. Calcareous stone. From Mr, Sah*s col"
tection*

No. 356. Tablet; above is a goat with ecurved horns, probably

GALLERY.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 165

the ibex, called the sacred goats, showing it to have been dedicated to
Num or Chnemis, who is often so entitled; below, Her.em-ua, a
royal judge, and his son, Pai-nefer^m-nechu, are adoring it. Calca-'
reoua stone. From Mr, Salts collection.

No. 357. Sepulchral tablet (hemicylindrical^ of the period of the
1 8th dynasty; on it a royal scribe and commander of troops kneeling
and holding a feather sceptre before Osiris; coloured blue in parts.
Calcareous stone. From jfr, Sams*s collection.

No. 368. Sepulchral tablet in bas-relief; on it is a person kneel-
ing in adoration to the divinity Amen Horns ; in the area are two
human ears; above, the Hu-t, or good demon; coloured. Qxh
careous stone.

No. 359. Sepulchral tablet, with a pointed top, coloured ; on it is a
deceased, Cha-maiu, and his wife Neb, or Nemb, seated, each of whom
bears the title, probably referring to the heretical worship of the sun's
disk prevailing in the reign of Amenophis IV. ; resembling No. 344.
Calcareous stone.

No. 360. Sepulchral tablet; on it Par, a female, is seated on a
chair, with a lock of hair at the right side of the head, receiving an
offering of viands from her daughter, Ueb-nebi, or Chebi. It is
dedicated by Nach-i, a judge of the western parts of Egypt Cal"
careous stone.

No. 361.. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Iri-her-sneb-
her, a functionary, who is seated with his wife, Renscneb, on the
ground before him; below are his children, Renseneb and Hep-t;
coloured. Calcareous stone.

No. 362. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for an officer
named Neb-semen-u, who is seen standing on it; very rude. Cal-
careous stone.

No. 363. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Seneb,
charged with the custody of the abode or palace of Nefer.rot ; he is
represented seated, with viands, and various members of his femily;
coloured. Calcareo%is stone.

No. 364. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Mahu, of
Thebes, chief bearer of the offerings of the temple of Phtha in that
city; he stands, followed by two members of his family, offering lotus
and other flowers and offerings to Osiris ; and is seated below on a
chair by the side of his wife, receiving the sepulchral honours from
his family. Calcareous stone.

No. 365. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for A-peni, an
officer of the camp or court of Rameses II. ; followed by his father
and mother, he adores Osiris, Isis, and Horus, and offers and
receives funeral honours from various members of his family ; co-
loured. Calcareous stone.

No. 366. Sepulchral tablet; on it a deceased, followed by a fe-
male and numerous members of his family, adores Osiris and Isis ;
much injured. Calcareous stone.

No. 367. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Nefer-nupe,
who is represented offering a jar of oil, over a table of viands, to two
seated females. Calcareous stone.

No. 368. Sepulchral tablet; on it Bak, a Memphian functionary,

I

MM^ GALLVftY or ilNTI%UmS8. [n. BOTFRAW

ibUowed by M» wift Uttu, itMidi, sdorkDif Osirif; bekyvr if fleatel
the Mme, with h^ brother and chil^eti ; painted* Othxfema stong.

No. 269* S«pnlcbral tablet; on it k the iifltram, or soepfre of
Athor, with a cat seated on each side t^egardinj H, and on the left tie
goddess herself in hcfr celestial form, on her tmone ; bdow, six mem-
hen of a feooHj bring' jaiBi lotus llowersy &c.^ to the godden^ Ct^
careoms $toHt,

No. 370. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Ai, a A^male, kneels, hoMS^ a
stand, on which are three conical cakes of bread* to the goddess Anu-
<^t seated on a throne ; she is followed by her tlo^e daagfaters. CM*

No. 371. Sepulchral tablet, coloured only, and not sc alp loi e^ y o»
iC a deceased, IbHowed by three ntenbers of hit hmaky, kneeb in adar-
adon to Meri-sekar. Caharamt siont.

No. 972. Sapntcfaral tablet, with a painted top ; on ii are Isia and
Nephthys, kneetfog at tiie sides of the symbol We«t ; below, two par*
sons, named Cha^maui and Pen-nub, seated on chairs^ CtdearMmt
MoHt. { See Tabl«fs, Nes. 844* 309.)

No. S78. Sepolcitral tablet, de<Mcated by Pai, a painter, to Mar*
oeris, who, entitled the auditor or judge, is seated before an attar.'
Cakareoui aAme.

No. 374. Sepulchral tablet; on it Amen-hu-ut, a scribe of thv
tribimal of justice, kneels on the groimd, holdmg op both hands to die
goddess Meri-sekar, to whom he prsvys. Caicareow st&M,

1^. 375. Sepulchral tablet of Chuns-n, a scribe hoidiffg Mw ny
offices, who is represented adoring Osiris; below, a dendotie or en^
diorial inscriptioD, in four lines; tracsed m bkok* Cakarmus^
st&ne.

No. 376. Sepulchral tablet, inscription illegible ; appears to
been demotic. Cakafitout stone*

No. 377. Tablet, with a long demotic hiscrlption, and the
der of a date in hieroglyphieB. Sakkara. Catcareoug gtone.

No. 378. Sepulchral tablet of Haru, a priest and scribe, holding'
xemerous priesthoods of the gods, and amons; others of the Ploleitties,
Soter, ana Philopator, of the statues of toe king, Meri-hep-^ihtafa^
9te* U is dated on the M of Mecheir, in the Tlh year of the king**
]>eign, and states that deceased received an embalmment for the spae*
ef seventy days: thatheliired fifty years, six months, and ive oaysv
and that he was born on the 22nd of Mecheir. On it are appaientfr
tnices of an enchorial inscription. Sakkara. From Mr. iSaWs ooU

No. 379. Sepulchral tablet, imperfect ; on the upper part is Nesatev
a person holding various priesthoocu, among others those of the R aaaj
seium, in Memphis, of the queens Berenice and Arsinoe, and of a roywlL
i^vter and daughter, Pbilotera, second sister of Ptolemy II., or Phfla-
delphus ; the figure and hieroglyphrcs on this tablet are painfed, and «ot
engraved. From Sakkara. Calcare&u$ sione. From Mr. SaWM ael^

No. 380. Sepakliral tablet, of the Ptdenafc period, broken in tiv»
pieces ; it contains a long inscription relative to £i-em*hept, hohUttg*
aany offleesof the priesthood, bob of Nas^ holding nany priesthoads^

aftnoBjr ^li«n Aitf ol the king StmbU. Ckkmmtis atom, Ftom
Mr, SaU*8 coUecHon,

Ko* 381. PragiMCMt of a Ublet; oto it iltfaot. Ca^reMf tt&m.

No. 388. SitpuldMl tablet, of the Ptoknaic period; intcriplion
much eCbced $ it appears to be for a pcnon bokiiag tereral prie^iODds,
among otben-ttiat of one of tbe PfeUmiefl ; the iaiieription if painted,
BOt engraved ; beioi^ traces of a Uae ef demotie. Sakkara. CW-
€wretms atome. Frmn Mr, Sak*§ eoQe$tm»»

No. 383. Sepulchral tablet, of tbe Ptolemaio period, ibr Bemiiict,
priesteis of Hanapbet, or Aiiien-Hovu^ and dauf^bler of Aninoe, de-
oeaaed at tbe ape of rixty-fotiv 7eav% eigbl aiODtbs, and twentY-five
6Kf% who IB twice worabroping, tiaeed ia red; below, a demoti&i»-
MtripCiott of four Knei, ia blacli* Cakttra&ua at9m.

No. 384. A small monument, in form of a trough or bason, ded»>
oated U> Araen-ra, for a deceased. Cakareoiu atom,

Nou a8& Small fragment* on it a >*dge of tratb in the west,
adoring tbe sun. Cale^reoiu aitma.

No. 386. Fragment of ^ sepulchral tablet, of the Ptolemaic period,
for Ta-inui'Sber, a priestess» daughter of Piet-nefer-bept, a priest of
Atbov and Osiris, deceased at the age of lune^-seven. Calcareoua
stone. From Mr. Sams*a eeOection,

N^ 387. Sepulchral tablet, of Tai-em-hept or Ta-imoutluB, a
priestess of Pbtba, who is represaited adoring Osiris and Isis; it ap.
pear8> from the ineeription, that she died on the 17th daj of the 39th
year of tbe reigning Ptolemj ; that she lived thirt¥.six jesrs, three
months, and twenty days, and received a pi«paration for thir^-six
da|«y and was embalmed in. seventy days ; the iaseription is traced,
ttot eagrxTed. From Sakkara. cikmreoua ttene.

No. 388. Sepulchral tablet of the Ptolemaic- period ; the iaserip-
tion Irtteed asd much erased. Cakarwta aiant,

No« 38&. Sepulchral tablet of Her-saneh, a priestess of AroeiH
Hwusy deceased at the age of sixty-six years^ five months, and fife
days, on the 2nd of Mechir, in the ^nd year of the reigning monarch ;
sifae is stated to have been endtakned in seventy days, and is adoring
Osirisw Sa&kara. Calcareous stone.

No. 300* Sepulchral tal>let, of the Ptotemaie period ; the inscrip-
tion my inchstinct, traced and not engraved. Cakureous skme.

No. 391. Sepulchral tablet, of the Ptolemaic period, for Her-em-
sebech, a priest and scribe, holding several priesthoods, among others
tbatof the Ptolemies, Soter, Philopator, and Epiphanes; a blank space
k left for tbe date of the reign, m well as for the term of the deceased's
life, also a line or two of enchorial. Caleareous stone.

No. d92i Sepulchral tablet, with an enchorial in 19 lines, indis-
tinct ; i^ve, a deceased, adoring Osiris, Ra, Anubis, Isis and Nephthys.
Calcareous stone.

No. 308. Sepulchral tablet of An-enikher, deceased at the age of
83 years, 4 months, and 5 days, in the 22nd of Pharrauthi, in the
36th yeae of one of the Ptolemies ; he was embalmed in 70 days,
and is adoring Osiris and Isis ; traced in black and red Calcareous
si0ne.

No. 394. TaUetv dated ; a demotic inscription traced on it. Cal-
careous stone,

l2

168 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [n. EGYPTIAN

No. 395. Tablet of the Roman epoch; Osiris, Isis, and deceased;
very rude. Calcareous stone*

No. 396. Fragment of a tablet of the Ptolemaic period ; part of
a dedication, and the names and titles of an officer. Calcareous stone.

No. 397. Fragment; on it a female head. Calcareous stone.

No. 398. Tablet, on which the Emperor Tiberius kneels and
offers a mirror to Mut and Chons, seated on thrones ; above is the
Hu-t, or celestial Sun. It was erected on account of certain repairs
made to the shrines of these gods. Sandstone.

No. 399. Sepulchral tablet of the Roman period, in bas-relief;
Anubis holding the hand of a deceased, and introducing him into the
presence of Osiris; above, jackals, celestial sun, &c. ; coloured.
On it are traces of an enchorial or demotic inscription. Calcareous
stone.

No. 400. Sepulchral tablet of the Roman epoch, in bas-relief; on
it Anubis, introducing Tamus, a deceased female, into the presence of
Osiris and Isis ; the name of the deceased is in Greek below. Cal-
careous stone.

No. 401. Sepulchral tablet of the Roman era, in shape of a gate,
in which is an arch, having under it a small shrine, in the centre of
which is an urseus, full face, disked. Calcareous stone.

No. 402. Fragment of a tablet, in which, in bas-relief, is a snake,
with the head of the god Serapis, having at its side the club of Her-
cules, and the cantharus, or cup of Bacchus. Calcareous stone.

No. 403. Fragment of four lines of a Coptic inscription, appa-
rently sepulchral. Calcareous stone.

No. 404. Rectangular sepulchral tablet ; on it is a Coptic inscrip-
tion, recording the death of Phibamon, on the 26th of the month
Pashons. CScareous stone.

No. 405. Christian sepulchral tablet, with a Greek inscription re-
cording the death of Centerion, a female, in her 35th year, on the
4th of Epiphi, the 2nd Indiction. Calcareous stone. From Mr,
Sams*s collection.

No. 406. Christian sepulchral tablet, with a Greek inscription, for
Marcus, who died on the 5th of Phameiioth, in the 4th Indiction ;
262nd year of the Diocletian aera, a.d. 545-546. Sandstone.

No. 407. Christian tablet, with a Greek inscription, for Talsia, a
female, deceased on the 1st of Choiak, 14th Indiction. Calcareous
stone.

No. 408. Fragment of a Coptic inscription ; on it is mentioned
Horus, the father of some person whose name is lost. Calcareous
stone. From Mr, Salt's collection.

No. 408*. Christian sepulchral tablet, with a Greek inscription, ibr
Peter, a deacon, deceased the 10th of Pharmuthi, 4th Indiction.
Sandstone.

No. 409. Christian sepulchral tablet, with a Greek inscription, for
Scua, a female, deceased the 10th of Phaophi, 6th Indiction. Sandstone.

No. 410. Fragment ; on it is the commencement of a Greek in-
scription. Arragonite, From Mr. Sams's collection.

No. 411. Circular sepulchral tablet, with a Coptic inscription, for
Cyrillus, presbyter, deceased 22nd Thoth, the 7th Indiction. Arra^
gonite.

GALLEBY.] JEGYPTIAN AKTIQUITIBS. 169

No. 412. Model of a small monolith naos, with a tessera in front
Calcareous stone.

No. 413. Sepulchral tablet, in shape of an altar of libations; on
it are the heads of two calves, two cakes of bread, a basket of bread,
and two vases of water, called the gold vases of Amen-em-ha, and Men.
tu-hept, for whom the tablet was dedicated to Osiris. Cakareous stone.

No. 414. Small altar of libations, dedicated to Osiris, for a de-
ceased ; very illegible. Thebes. Calcareous stone.

No. 415. Sn^ altar of libations, of a late period, the centre in
sh^pe of a reservoir or bath ; on it water vases, cakes of bread, and
lotus flowers, in bas-relief. Sandstone.

No. 416. Altar of libations, of a late Ptolemaic period, in bas-
relief; on it a vine, water vases, cakes of bread, and spoons. Cat-
careous stone.

No. 417. Sepulchral altar of libations, dedicated to Osiris, for
Sebek, a scribe, and various members of his family. Calcareous
stone. From Mr, Salt's collection.

No. 418. Sepulchral altar of libations, in bas-relief, and of Ptole-
maic epoch ; on it a table of five baskets of bread, water and other
vases, lotus flowers, &c. Calcareous stone.

No. 419. Altar of libations ; on it a stand, with full water vases
flowing out, bread, and spoons. Calcareous stone.

No. 420. Sepulchral altar of libations ; it is dedicated to Osiris
and Anubis, for a person whose name is obliterated ; on it are the
haunch of a gazelle or calf, a goose, cakes of bread, basket of grapes,
onions, &c. Calcareous stone.

No. 421. Sepulchral altar of libations, broken in halves; it was
dedicated to two divinities for Nefer-abu, a judge. Calcareous stone.

No. 422. Sepulchral altar of libations, having on it part of a
calf, goose, water jars, bread, grapes, onions, &c., dedicated to Amen
and Mut, for Ma-i, a scribe. Calcareous stone.

No. 423. Small sepulchral altar of libations, resembling that found
by M. Caviglia in front of the Great Sphinx ; plain. Calcareous stone.

No. 424. Sepulchral altar of libations, dedicated to Osiris, Ra,
and lum, for a judge. Calcareous stone.

No. 425. Female head, from a group ; coloured. Calcareous stone.

No. 426. Model of a head-rest, or pillow. Calcareous stone.

No. 427. Head and neck of Athor, in a collar, coloured ; probably
from the capital of a column. Sandstone,

No. 428. Model of a head-rest or pillow. Calcareous stone.

No. 429. Part of the cover of a sarcophagus, of a very late period.
Terracotta,

No. 430. Fragment of the side of a tomb ; above, a proces^on of
ten persons, with meir names, the upper part broken away ; below, four
oxen are slaughtered. Sakkara. Calcareous stone. Presented hy
the Earl of Bute, 1767.

No. 431. Fragment of the lid of a sarcophagus, of a late period.
Terracotta,

No. 432. Upper part of the figure of a lady of rank, from a group ;
coloured, and of nne execution. Calcareous, stone.

No. 433. Fragment ; on it is Anubis, laying out the deceased on a
bier, and a line of demotic or enchorial ; coloured. Cahareous stone.

IfO GALXJOKY «r Atmnvmu. [n.

N*. 464. €kmsp <»f Int mlDM wearing 4iika «id honn. F^nm
Mr. Sarker*8 collection. Calcareous stone.
•No. 485. Head of s ^nrnah, fram a gronp; coiouredL Giiba-

No. 496. PragMwrt, lound ki the exoaifation nude bf Ca|Mt. Cft«
Tiglta in front of the Gaeat Sfkmx at Qiseh; on it a naht foot ii^
pMBsad, palaa btanck, wni ike wovd N£Kf» . . • ; ooiaiirca jed» Co/-
careous stone.

No. 437. 3aaell haiiiL, lonnd «■ Ifae oiilaide of the amall temple in
front of the Great Sphinx at Qixeh, excaaated hy Orpt Cairigliiiy a&d
presented by him in 1817.

No. 438. Greek antci^tion, found in front of the Greai: £phitix,
reeording the repairs of the laaUi which BirrooBded lilits movumeBt in
the 15th Pashons, 6tb year of M. Aurelius and L. Ve^s (a.i>. 166^
wnder the authority of Fl. Titianus, Prefoet of Egypt* Lueoeius Op-
helUanus, eommander in chief, and Theon, proBlorof toe Buiirito noMe.
Calcareous stone. Presented by Capt CavigUm^ 1817.

}^. 439. SomU Ikm, found between the ude walk of the temple
In front of the Great Sphinx, in 181 7 ; «obuied oed. Calcare^imM^mt*
Presented by Capt. Caviglim, 1617.

No. 440. Fragment of a tablet found in front of ike Greet Sphinx ;
it is the commencement of a public act, dated in the Itt year of one of
the Ramesiida. It only contakB the namea and titles of the icing, the
net broken off, Cawmteoiu stmt. Pntsatted bp Capt. CamfXa»
1817.

No. 441. Small lion, supposed to have been plaoed on one of tiie
walls of ^ tempie in front ^ the Great 6|minx ; colouiied red.
Cidceireoms skms, PnsaUed by C&pt, CsmgUti, 1817.

No. 442. iVagment containmg part of the preoooien and name of
one of the Ramesnda; fo«Ml in a amaU iein)E>le in frcmt of the Gveat
Sphinx; close to the Msd. Calcareous sttme. Presented bff CapU
CarngtuL, 1817.

No. 443. Horn of an aitar in front of the temple beforo tite Greatt
Sphinx; coloured red. Oeiotwtous wione, PreMtrnted bp Capt.
Caviglioy 1817.

No. 443*. Head of the ucemt aerpeot which deoorated the head
attire of the Great £phinx; partof fi4io8e beard* No. 58, Is akoin the
collection. Cixkareous stone.

No. 444. Part of the side of a tomb; on it Mer-nefs^ a judge,
kne^ in adoration to the ujk of tbe god Amen, which is bflume on- tne
ihoidderB of ten priesta ; colotned. Calcareous stonsi.

No. 444*. Sphinx, found in the vicinity of the Gr^at Sphinx.
CUbaraova stent. Prueeied by Capt Cavigm.

No. 445. Fmgment from the side of a tambt on it is cMrtof the
figure of a scribe, and a carpenter making a box ; ookmred. Calca-
reous stone.

No. 446. Lower part of a a^lchml tablet, dedicated lo Osin^,
Phtha-Socharis, Athor, Har-si-esis, the monarch Amenppfaia !.» and
hit wife Aah-mes Ari-ne&r, for Hui* a judge; eolouned ; the legs of
the figures only remain. CaktuKeeus etme.

No. 447. FragBMot from Ite aide of a tomb or tablet ; on it Neb.
tiefer, a judge, is sealed on a ehair jby thoiside of hk sister T»4i^ ^reeeif-

0UiJnxt} mYfWJMf AifnofJurmB. fH

4M ^ «ffmQ0i aihmmm JMur^-hcpt, md las dinffater Ta^nflhi;

No. 448. Fragnent of Hm mme t^Uet«« No. 446 ; m it Hui if
wy iw wc ift M WTering to Am^iM-a «nd AtlMr, mad wbsequentlj to
Awwopbis L« «m1 liif wi<0 Aah-niM An twfar; oofeurod. Caka-
rmmMtcme*

ii». 44d. FnffmeAt «f tb* tide of a tomb, 4Boloiired ; on it poi-
McHM iif • male ana female figwre, offensg. C^i)bar€Ofw atoM.

Naw 4dO. Fra^^meot of a toblat or to«b; «a it a man followed by
a taiaJe Manding lo adoration. C^kar^otu aUm^*

No. 461. Fragaeiit of the side «f a tomb, about the age <^ tbe
|2tb dysaaty, in baM^af, men i^Ubering io^ or {lapyrua flowers,
404 leading eatt^ ; floured. Cttharemts stomt.

No. 452. Fragment of an isiseriptioa from tbe aide of a tomb ; on
it is the oame of nai^-mooH, aaya of Ket-ber, and fMt of an adtkess.
Cahtmeoua sitomBt colomred.

No. 453. Fragment repvesenting a lion walking to tbe ligbt;
tbe body is coloueed yeUow« tbe mane red. ScmdUone.

No« 454. Ff s^Kment of a tomb or temple ; it is » bead attii« of a
^foddese, composed of the aun's disk, m wmm, two tall pliunes» and two
«ear*s berns^ Cakaream dome*

Ho, 4)55. Fragment of a tomb, ^olomed ; on it i^ tbe jackal of
Anubis, seated on a gate, with a whip at his side ; before it a stand with
4oto0 flowers and water ; anotber similar jackal seems to Iwve been
4ippoaite' C^iefir^am /tta»e.

No. 45^ Fragment of the ttde of a tomb ;abeTeafe«tepsc below,
five men, who have been drawing some object by a rope. C€kareousfton0.

No. 457. Fiagment of a tomb» centeming part ef three lines of
liiesoglyphics, eoloured; resembling in style No. 452. Cahar^oHs
^tgiwe. r'fomMr, JSam$'s coBecUon.

No. 458. Fragment from the side ef a tomb at i^kkara, of an early
f>Qnod; eontalning part of three lines oi iiieroglypbics. Calcoxeous
elene.

No. 439. Part of « snail eowefAtbor,conehaDt. Ctikmretma atom.

No. 460. Doirble statve of Mabu* a superintendent of public workf ,
jiefttod by the «de of Aaa, his sister. « priestess ef Ameai t the hieEogly*-
phical inscriptions with which this group Is <)oveiied are dedications to
Amen, MuttOsiris, Pblbst fitooharia, Cains and Anubis, for tl^ deceased ;
4Qolottred. Ctikarama aton^. From Sr, A»astaMls coUaisUem.

No, 461. Statue ef Enuentef or Nentef, son of gent, a functionary
ebtut the 12tb dynasty, seated, k^ding a sash in his left band ; at the
aides of bis eeat are dedications to Anubis and Osiria. (See Noa.
502—^72. ) CakarMQus afone. Ftom 8r, AmaUm'a collection.

No. 462. Statue of Amen^em^ba, governor of the west of Egypt
in tbe time 4)1 the 12tb dynasty, seated upon a throne mid holding a
•Sib; at the eides of tbe Sirone are bis name and titles, and a dedioa-
ttie« to Osiris* JDarik htiauk. From Sr, AnastaaCs eoUeciion.

No. 463. Statue of a grotesque divinity covered with a lion's skin,
4»d brandishing a sword i generally supposed to represent Typbon«
i^bably Baal; Roman period, Swdiiome*

No. 464. Head^if » JUng^wearij^ the bead .attire called nemnwr
eritb tbe royal nrRua. CakarfMta Mtom*

172 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [n. EGYPTIAN

No. 465. Bason dedicated to Isis and Thoueris (see similar basons
28. 108) ; at one part are the three members of the femily by whom
it was dedicated; 18th dynasty. Calcareous stone.

No. 466. Part of a female head, from a group. Calcareous stone.

No. 467. Small quadrilateral naos, with pyramidal top; in the
recess of each side is Ani, an officer of Amen, kneeling and holding
before him a tablet, on which are symbolical eyes, solar orbit, and water,
and an adoration to the sun ; on the jambs and lintels are dedications
to Amen-ra, Ra, Atum, Osiris, for the deceased; the name of the
god Amen-ra has been purposely erased throughout this monument ;
coloured. Calcareous stone. From Sr, AnastasCs collection.

No. 468. Sepulchral p3rramidion ; on it is Ra in his boat, and his
hawk, adored by Neferbes, a Theban judge, and his &mily. Cal-
careous stone. From the Earl of Bebnore^s collection.

No. 469. Small statue, rudely blocked out, of Mentuhep-t, superin-
tendent of the land of the west of Memphis, consecrated to Osiris by
his sister Nehesi, a priestess of Amen : probably anterior to 12th
dynasty. Calcareous stone. From Sr. Anastasi's collection.

469*. Statue of Pai, bearer of the king's bow, and superintendent
of all the edifices of a monarch of the 19th dynasty, kneeling, and
holding before him a shrine on which has been some animal, probably
a cat or ape. On it, and behind, are dedications to Amen-ra.
Sandstone,

No. 470. Small standing statue of Harpocrates, of the Ptolemaic
period, wearing a collar and chlamys, and holding a water-fbwl in bis
left hand. Alexandria. White marble. Presented by Sir J. Gard-
ner Wilkinson.

No. 471. Small sepulchral shrine ; on the cornice and lintels are
inscribed a prayer, endmg with dedications to Osiris, Amen Horus, for
Aba, a scribe, son of Sebak-aatetu, a priest of the god Munth. Cal-
careous stone. From Mr, Salts collection.

No. 472. Small sepulchral shrine^ with the top in shape of a
vaulted box ; dedicated to Osiris ; on it Shaa-em-ap-t, a scribe of the
royal table in the 18th or 19th dynasty, stands full face, holding in one
hand a sceptre terminating in the head of Phtha Tatanen, and in the
other a similar sceptre with the head of the god Ra. Calcareous stone.
From Mr. Barker's collection.

No. 473. Rectangular sepulchral monument, sculptured on both
sides, dedicated for Tameri, a priestess adoring tnree goddesses
standing full face ; on the back a register of family names. Arragonite,

No. 474. Small rectangular sepulchral shrine, dedicated to Osiris
and Anubis, for Amen-em-heb, a scribe of the troops, or secretary of
war, about the epoch of the 19th dynasty, who is sculptured in bas-relief
in the niche, holding in his left hand the standard of Phtah Tanen ; at
the sides and jambs are Amen-em-heb and his sister Ta-nefer standing
and adoring Amen-ra. Calcareous Stone. From Mr. Barker's collection.

No. 475. Head of an Egyptian monarch in the nemms, from a
sphinx ; thefeatures resemble those of Amenophis III. Calcareous stone,
^ No. 476. Square sepulchral naos ; in front are the jackals of Anu-
bis, Souls, and a deceased Ruka, superintendent of the standard bearers
of one of the kings of the 18th or 19th dynasty, standing and adoring
Osiris; the same adoring Osiris at the side, and Isis and Nephthys

OALLERY.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIBI* 178

personified by two snakes ; Ruka and his fomily at the back receire the
sepulchral honours for their son. Cakareou» stone.

No. 477. Sepulchral pyramidion ; on two nde§ are a small niche, In
which is a male figure kneeling, and elevating both hands in adoration.
Calcareous stone. From the collection of Sr, Anastasu

No. 478. Small pyramid, broken at the base and top ; on it is the
standard, prenomen and name of Enuentefnaa, or Nantefnaa, supposed
to be a king of the 8th dynasty, and part of the titles of a queen.
Calcareous stone. From Thebes. From Mr, Sams*s coBection,

No. 479. Small pyramid, broken at the base and apex; on it
Har-nefer, a Theban judge, followed by his sister Ubecht, and Neferi,
stands in adoration to the sun, represented above as a scarabseus. Ha
in a boat, and Isis, Nephthys, and the West ; from Thebes. Sandstone.
Presented hy Sir J. Gardner Wilkinson,

No. 480. Lion-headed hawk ; emblem of a divine soul. Chranite,

No. 481. Fragment of a figure; on it the name of kis, a queen.
Sandstone,

No. 482. Bust, of old style ; from a group. Chranite,

No. 483. Brick ; on the edge is stamped the name of Thothmes,
a chamberlain. Burnt brick.

No. 484. Part of a crocodile, emblem of Sebek. Dark granite.

No. 485. Fragment; on it is the god Amen-Horus, standing.
Dark granite.

No. 486. Head of a functionary, from a statue. Granite,

No. 487. Head of an Egyptian monarch, from a statue. Dark
basaU,

No. 488. Part of a statue dedicated to Osiris for Ptah-r

a prince. Dark granite. From the Earl of Bdmore*s collection.

No. 489. Bust from a seated statue, of the period of the 26th
dynasty. Dark basaU.

No. 490. Bust from a small statue, about the 26th dynasty. Dark
basalt.

No. 491. Bust from a statue, of fine execution, of a functionary
In the reign of Psammetichus XL, of the 26th dynasty ; dedicated to
Osiris and Neith, of Sais; on his neck a pectoral plate, on which is Neith.
Dark basalt.

No. 492. Bust from a statue of the same period as the preceding
Dark basaU,

No. 49db Upper part of the statue of an officer of high rank, stand-
ing, and holding a shrine which is broken off; on his shoulder is the
name of Psammetichus, and a pectoral plate, with Neith, on his neck.
Dark basalt.

No. 494. Lower part of the seated statue of a divinity. Calcareous
stone.

No. 495. Bason. Basalt,

No. 496. Torso of Osiris. Dark basalt.

No. 497. Upper part of a small figure, having on his breast Osiris.
Red sandstone.

No. 498. Typhon or Baal standing. From the collection of C.
TovmUyf Esq,

No. 499. Fist from a statue BasaU,

Id

No. .500L fk^4>f IkifocialosbQflbeSiNaftBpQdods ^ntheiietd
a small pschent. Wkitt marbk.

{iob SOI, BmmVi ttnkiem. of Honis, «ad «f all gods,-; coloared.

• No. 502. AKat of libatioosi of the Ptolemaic or Eomaa penod ^ on
it a teble, wilfa biead and lotus flower, libation vmes, jtc. J>ari(
grtmke, Mfom Sr, AnattaaCs toQeotum,

No. 508. Small seatod § tatue, bead and feat hvoken off; dedicated
to Anen-ca and lorn, for Sufuru^ a iiigh officer and rqyal jcdhe.
Hark f/raniie.

No. 504. Small statue of Pirinet, aurnamed Ra-ne£ef-bet-em-
ohu-t, a bigh officer of ttato in tbe reigu «f Afries, 26tb (^ma%»
teoeliiig und Elding before him a cynocqphalat ; "on it are tbe ppeno-
men and name of Apries. J^ark ypanUe,

No. 505. Kmgment of a sistrum ; «n each -side -an nraeus litisked ; on
it tiM prenoinen and name of Amenmnbif IlL, of the 18kh d}n]Bsty ;
the name of Amen is erased througnout. Dark gramte» Frwm
Mr. SalCs CoOeetitm,

No. 506. Square tablet, soylpturod on all sides; on it a decnsed
standing before Amen-Horus. bark grtmite.

No. 507. Se|>tiriohral tablet dedicated to Osiris, for Sebdo^hepft and
^is fionily ; 12th dynasty. JDark^raniU. From JSr^ Anaakui'a col-
lection.

No. 508. Portion of a mutilated statue of an officer seated «bi the
ground, his arms folded ; before him is a small shrine of Oains. JDark
granite.

No. 509. Sepnlohral altar of libations, dedicated to Ra, lum, and
Osiiis, for Seka, sea of Kersh ; on it are water-fomd, ^urds, a ietus
^flower, x^akes of bread, and vases of libations ; of tbe Ptolemaic period.
. JDark granite. From Sr. AnaatasVa collection.

No. 510. Small mutilated statue of a fuaodanary of one aS the
monarchs of the 26th dynasty, seated on the ground, having before
Um the standard of Athor. Dark baaalL

Ne. 511. Small sepulchral monument, rqfUPtscnting a shrine,
at -the fiode of which are Har-heb-necht, a high officer of state, of the
26th dynasty, and his mother ; it is dedicated to Osiris. Dark houit.
From Sir ilams Shane's coUeetion.

No. 512. Small statue of Neb-ta, an officer, seated on .the ground.
Iris Krbole form enveloped in bandages; dedicated to Asnen-<m. Dark
granite. From Sr. AnaetasV^ ejection.

No. 51S. Small statue of a i»igh officer of .state, seated on the
ground, having before him the standard of Athor. CalcaiteouM itkmM,

No. 5i4. SomII statue of Har-bes, an officer, kneeling, and holding
before him an eegis of the goddess Athor, on the lower part of which is
the cow of that goddess. Dark granite.

No. 515. Goddess or ^een, seated on a throne; uvfinished. Dark
^ffranite.

No. 516. Fragment from a sarcophagus ; on it ans jMurts of Jmo
processions of the figures carrying macea i^ich .precede the hurk of
the sun. Cairo. Dark granite.

At the north side of this loom aro thiee ^tandiag figures, about

Jiietbigb, £ouiidJb|rBekcKuiatbetQiobtofiliekiiig8 at theBiban
Cl-Molook.

No. Ml. Pasht AT Pochtf Mated on a throne, wearing the aolar
^ukt and. holding Jn her handi the emblem of life ; on the side of ber
throne the prenomen and name of Sheshank L, of the 22nd dynasijr.
Kanaak. bafkgrmuU. ^rom the Marl qfJBelmore*0 collection. *

iNo. &18. Baebt or Pecht, seated on a ihrone, wearing the soUr
disk, and holding in her hand an emblem of life; At the side of the
throne in front the name and prenomen and tides of Ameaophis III.
KaniaL IMrk ^anite. From, the Earl qfBelmore's coUeotion,

Ko. ^19. Pasht or Pecht, standing, holding a lotus sceptve and
^fmhoi of life. DtuJi^anitd, From Mr, Salt's coHection,

J^o. $20. Pasht or Pecht, standing, holding a lotus sceptre and
symbol of life. Kamak. Dark aranite. From Mr. Salt's coUectieu.

No. £21. Bust of a oolossal statue of Pasht Kareak. Dark
.gumke. F)rom Mr, JSaJfs collection.

No. 522. Bust of a colossal statue of Pecht. Dark granite^ From
Mr* Salts colkction.

No. 523. t Obelisk, broken at its apex, inscribed on each side ; it
was set up before a«gBte of the temple of Thoth, by Kecht-her-bebi
or iler>neoh-t-hebi ^ AmjEteus or Neebtabes) ; 26tb dynas^. Found
near Caira, Gr^un basalt.

No. 5SA, f Small obelisk, xxMipanion of the prececfing, and whieh
probably stood at the ether side of 'the same gate. Green basalt.

No. 525. Portion of the serepphagus of Nesatu, a high func-
iimiarjr, priest, &C., of the Acropolis of Memtphis ; about the time of
the i26--428th dynasty; on it a dedioation to Sekeri Osiris. From a
tomb called C!am(£eU's tomb, near the Pyramids. Qreen basalt,
Jh^esented by Qd. ffoword Vyse,

No. 526. Head ef a imonarch, in the nenuns. Dark granite.
JfressHted by W, M, HamHUmo Esq.

No. 527. Portion of the wall of an early tomb, near the Pyramids ;
in front of the door of a tomb is a dedication to Anubis for Anch-haf,
a scribe of the treasuiy, who, with his wife Nefer-set, is seated at a
^te^ of viands ; and standing ; about the 4th dynasty. Calcareous
^tone. From Mr, Salt's colkction.

No. 528. Portion of the side of a tomb in the vicinity of the

Pyramids; on it Bu, a scribe and officer, is seated with his wife

Ten^ ofer a table of viands; on the jamb of the door he stands with

his son and daughter ; about the age of the 4th dynasty. Qilcareous

Mam, From Mr, Salts collection,

'No. <529. Part of the jamb of a false door of a tomb,; on it. a man
offering incense, and another watering plants; about. the 4th d¥nast|r.
J^yiMBids of Gizeh. Calcar^etms stone. From Mr, Salts ooueotion,

No. 530. Fragment of the jamb of the fSolse door of a tomb, jiear
illie Pyramids of Gizel^ about tb§ 4th dynasty; on it the son of a de-
oeasftii, offering a libation. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Salts C0l'
^tion.

No. 531. Fragment of the ^se door of a ^tornU, in bas-relief, de-
•dioated to Anubis, for a deceased, who is seated on it with his family.
JFiOfiaA tomb near the Pjrramids of Gizeh, ^tbout the 4th d^maa^'.
fGtdMraous stone. From Mr. Salts collection.

176 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [n. EGYPTIAN

No. 532. Fragment of jamb of a false door of a tomb ; on it a male
figure offering, and vases ; about the 4th dynasty. Calcareous stone.

No8. 533, 534. Two fragments of the side of a tomb, on which are
altars, &c. ; about the 4th dynasty. Calcareous atone. From Mr.
Sglts collection.

No. 535. The lintel of a false door, from the tomb of Anch-haf,
scribe of the treasury. From a tomb in the yieinity of the pyramids of
Gizeh, about the 4th dynasty. Calcareous stone.

No. 536. fColumn of red granite.

Nos. 537—546. Fragments from the side of a tomb of Uah-hati-ra
em-chut an officer under the 26th dynasty; it contains the 33rd
chapter of the ritual ; at one end is the deceased spearing a serpent, and
at the other a tortoise. Calcareous stone. From the couection of
Sr. Anastasi.

No. 547. Rectangular fragment of a tablet ; on it a judge and his
family adoring Osiris. Calcareous stone. From the Earl of Behaort^s
collection.

No. 548. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for User-mes, a
priest of Osiris, who adores Osiris and Isis ; aboye, the celestial sun.
Calcareous stone. From Sr. Anastasi^s collection.

No. 549. Sepulchral tablet ; on it Shara and his wife Hun-ent
adoring Osiris and Isis ; the mummy of Shara receiying funeral honours
from his family, and Shara and Hun-eru seated and receiving the
same. Calcareous stone. From Sr, AnastasCs collection.

No. 550. Jamb of the tomb of Har-em-hebi, standard-bearer, royal
scribe, &c., under the 18th dynasty, standing, with transparent dress,
urseus on his forehead, and hands elevated, making an adoration to the
Sun. Calcareous stone. From Sr. AnastasCs collection.

No. 551. Sepulchral tablet ; on it the same Har-em-hebi, a royal
scribe, and standard-bearer of a monarch of the 18th dynasty, adoring Ra,
Thoth, and Ma ; below is a long prayer to the sun ; figures coloured,
and hierogl3rphics also coloured yellow. Calcareous stone. From Sr,
AnastasCs collection.

No. 552. Jamb of the door of the tomb of Har-em-hebi, royal scribe
and standard-bearer under the 18th dynasty, who stands elevating
his hands, and making a long prayer to Ra, or the sun. Calcareous
stone. From Sr. Anasiasi's collection.

No. 553. Sepulchral altar, or tablet of libations, dedicated to Seb,
for Amen-em-ha, a functionary of the 12th d3masty. JOark granite.
From Sr. AnastasVs collection.

No. 554. Small altar of libations, of the Roman period, the centre
in shape of a reservoir ; at the sides palm branches. Sandstone. From
the Earl of Bdmore*s collection.

No. 555. Sepulchral tablet; on it Sha^m-bechen, a Thebanjudffeat
the time of the 18th dynasty, kneels in adoration to the cow of AUior,
preceded by the declarer of the oracle of the goddess. Above, the
boat with the sun*s disk, in which is Ra ; below, deceased and his sister
praying to Athor; coloured yellow. Calcareous stone. From ike
Earl of Behnore^s collection.

No. 556. Sepulchral tablet in shape of a doorway, of the period of
the 19th dynasty, dedicated to Athor and Anubis, haying on it Setau-an,
a conductor of the festival of Amen-ra, adoring Ra, Athor, and Osiris,

OALLBBY.] BGYFnAK ANTIQITITISS. 177

and the four genii of die Amend ; coloured yellow. Calcareous Home.
From Sr, AwuUu^t collection.

No. 557. Sepulchral tablet, dated in the 25th year of the reign of
Amen-em-ha III., 12th dynasty ; dedicated to Osiris, for Lsertesen-sneb-
sneb-sneb {sic), a functionary, who is seated on a chair before a table of
▼lands, having his four daughters before him; below are the father,
mother, and brother of the deceased ; coloured. CalcareouM atone.
From Sr. AnastasCe collection.

No. 558. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Gemki orNem-ki,
a chief in the time of the 12th dynasty, who stands before a table of
viands ; in bas-relief, and of exquisite sculpture. Cakareoue stone.
From Sr. Anastasi's collection.

No. 559. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Enunecht,
military chief officer of the wardrobe and granaries under the 12th
dynasty, who stands with his wife, or sister, and son before a table of
viands ; coloured. Sandstone. From Sr. Anastasfs collection.

No. 560. Sepukhra] tablet, dedicated to Osiris for Her-chen, a
superintendent of public works, or architect, son of Pech-t-user^ who
stands with his wife and daughter Pech-t-user; below Phtah-kau, a
scribe, two daughters, and a son ; probably about the age of the 12th
dynasty; coloured and delicately finished. Calcareous stone. From
Sr. AnastasCs coUectum.

No. 561. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Hes-isi, a super-
intendent of the North ^nd South, who stands before a table of viands,
with his fether, mother, and brethren. Calcareous stone. From Sr.
Anastasi^s collection.

No. 562. Fragment of a sepulchral tablet of Enuentef, son of Sent,
who stands at one side leaning on a stick ; it is covered with a long
declaration or prayer of the deceased, and he appears to have lived in
the reign of Usertesen I., 12th dynasty; coroured. Calcareous stone.
From Sr. Anastasi's collection. (See Nos. 461, 572.)

No. 563. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Enuentef-
akaranch-chu, a functionary, prefect of the palace of a monarch whose
square title or standard was ** the establisher of spirits," who is seated
before a table of viands, holding a whip; bis brethren and children are
seated in compartments on the ground ; (above are two solar eyes ; )
coloured; prior to the 12th dynasty. Calcareous stone. From Sr.
AnastasCs collection.

No. 564. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Anch-ran, a
superintendent of the " silver abode," or treasury, seated before a table
of viands ; his wife, daughter, and two other members of the family
are seated on the ground ; fine execution ; 12th dynasty. Calcareous
stone. From Sr. Anastasi^s collection.

No. 565. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Ameni, an
officer of the palace ; standing with his fetber and brethren ; coloured.
Calcareous stone. From Sr. Anastasi^s collection. -

No. 566. Sepulchral tablet, rounded above ; on it is Sebek-aau,
seated before a table of viands, on the other side of which stands bis
wife; it contains a peculiar formula; coloured. Calcareous stone.
F^om Sr. Anastasi^s collection.

No. 567. Sepulchral tablet, dated in the 13th year of Amen-em-ha
II., of the 12th dynasty; dedicated to Osiris, Anubis, Hek, and Num,

178 GAUs^9iX AT AHaCI^HITifiS. [n. SOVfTUlC

for Aiiien-ein<^ an offioei^ mho is seen aUodiiif ataiiBiBir iaiwMreiief.
Calcareous stone. From Sr. Anastasi's ooUectiom*

No. ^68. Sepulchral tablet, dedioated to Osiris, for finupese, a
fiuustionary, who stands before a table of -viaads, <with 'hia.'&tfaer, mother,
bnethrea aod funilj ; findv sculptured ia 'bas.jr^ef ; I2tb .djnws;^.
Cmleareous MUme, From or. AnasUui^ coUectieu,

^, 569. S^ulobial tablet, in shape of a doorwajr, dedioatad -to
Osiris, for Athor-si, a functionary who appears to have been connected
with the change <^ the iniaes under AiQeD-eDi4ia IL, of the 12th
djHusty, and with the palace of the king Ameni, seated ^before a table
of viands* below is a door cut out, in wliioh ih% deceased and his
fiimily are standing ; in the door b a small ^gnce. No* 570, of the
deceased seated on ^e groond, with his hands falded across his breast ;
coloured. Calcareous stone. From. Sr. Anmstajd's coBeatwn.

Ka 57L Sepulchral tablet, dedicated t« Osiris, lor Benather, a
chamberlain, who is seated by the side of his wife Chu-u, before a table
4>f viands; below is a person named Ameni and the Jady Ofau-u stated
at« table of oflEerings, receiving gifts &om fisher-ena^bept ; belov, a pro-
cession of twelve members ef tli^ family. Cakareous stone. From Sr.
AnastasCs ooiieotion.

No. 572. Sepulchral tablet, dated in the 89th year of Useivtesen L,
of the 1^ dynasly, and dedicated to Osiris, for EnuenteCson of Sea-t
{See the tablet No. 562, No. 461) ; 'he isarepresented standiiwf at one
comer; coloured. CaJcateous stone. FromtbegoUeciionqfSr*j£iastasi.

No. 573. Sepulchral tablet, dated in the 6th year of Ui0r4esen IX.,
of the 12th dynasty ; it contains a long dedication and prayer lo Osuds,
Hek, and Num, the gods of Abydos, for Taa, a functionary ; lother rude
style. Calcareous stone. From Sr. Anastasi's colhUUm.

No. 574. Sepulchral tablet, dated in the reign of Amen*em-ha IL,
of the L2th dynasty, for Sent-em-set, who is -standing on it with his
mother; coloured. Calcareous stone. From Sr, Anastasi^s.ooUection.

No. 575. Sepulchral tablet, dated in the 7th year of User^tesen
IIL, 12th dynasty; on it is a long declaration of £nu-necht, a
superintendent of clothes and grain ; below is a small niche or door, and
the deceased standing, and another relative on each side of the door.
Calcareous stone. Prom Sr. Anastasi's coUeotiim.

No. 576. Sepulchral tablet; on it a dedication to Osiris for Sena-
tef, who declares that he was chief of the palace of the Icing Amen^en-
ha II. , of the 12th dynasty ; before him are his two brethren, who bring
him a haunch goose, and bread; and below* five members of the &mil|f.
Caloareous stone.

No. 577. Sepulchral tablet; on it Enuentef, a ohie^ and si^teria-
tendent of priests, anterior to the 12th dynastv^ataads facing his son, Se-
beknaa, bom of Beba; each holds a wand and sceptre. Calcareous
atone. From Sr. AnastasVs coMectim.

No. 578. Sepuidural tablet, anterior 'to the 12th dynasty dedi-
cated to Osiris, for Hur-ape, standing with his son Apanch before a
table of viands. Calcareous stone. From Mr. Sams's coSeatiom,

No. 579. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, Aaubis, aud the
gods of Abydos, for User-ur, a sculptor, who is seated on a 4ihair with
his wife Neter-tep befarc a table of offerines,'On the other side of ^idiich
is another wife Amenn ; on the other side wb^ ihe :&lher and laotiier

4iAZJJEMX.] . WiXmA^ AMTtQUlTISg. 179

aiUL'brotber of Uie deceased ; below are tbe «Dn s»d ive da«gbta« of
Uger*ttr, his laAor and hrother etaadiag ; tke tablet is luifinnbed, aad
repaai^utble lor the squared network or eanon traced in led upon it fi>r
Ihe Aiidance of tbe jculptor. Caicartom tione,

m. 580. Sepulchral tablet, dedicated to Osiris, for Sebeksen, mn

vi Bebib >tbe sou oi the person fioar whom tablet No. i^7 was made,: on

at the deceased, attended b^ his wife, stands before a taUe ef ofierings

^adoring Osirifi and Anubis. Calcareous stone, from JSr, AnastasCs

collection.

No. 581. Burt of a sepukihnd tablet, of the 12th d/nast^r, dedicated
to Qstris and Anubis, lar £miente^ a fiinotionary, who stands uttering
an adoration or liturgr. Calcareous stone.

No. 582. Sepubbral tablet,; on it is Enuente^ superintendent of
4be aoeouBt of cattle, sonc^ Kah, seated before « table of viands, on the
other side of which is bis wife Amen^se ; below are a son and five daugfa-
texs. Calcareous stone. From Sr. Anastasi^e coUsctUm*

No. 584. Sc^ukhral tablet, dated in the 19th year of the nsign
of Arae»-em<ha II., of the 12tb dynasty, and dedicated to Osiris, Mr
S-hept-hat, a judg^(?) in the palace ; on it, in bas-relief, is the deo«Med
eaated by the aide of bos wife over a (able of viands, and other meini>ers
of his nmily and his sons, bringing offerings; carved in bas-reli^;
on it is a long register of various offeriqgs. Calcareous stone. From
Sr. Anasta^s collection.

No. 585. Small square tablet, of good style, anterior to the 12th
djnsetf, dedicated to Osiris, for Chen-bak, an anobitect, who is seated
on a chair by the side of his wife Athor-si, before a table of viands, and
leceiviBg the homage ef bis sons Phthar4a, an architect, and Ilitha-
bept C€dcareous stone. From Sr, Anastasfs collection.

No. 585. ^Sepulchral tablet, dated in the 14th year of User-tesen L ,
4>{ the 12^ dynasty, for Atai, son of Sebek-si, a auperintendent of the
shrines of Amen-ra, who is seated by the side of bis wife Aura on a
dksHa before a table of offerings, receiving oflferiogs from his sons Nentef
and Amen>em4>a ; he stands holding a stick, with his daughters Sebek-
si and User-^i ; coloinred. Calcareous stone. From the Earl ofBd*
moneys collection.

No. 586. Sepulchral tablet, most elegantly carved in bas-relief,
dedicated to Osiris, for Amen-ha, a superintendent of the palace;
ooloHsed. Calcareous atone. From Sr, AnastasVs collection.

No. 587. Sepulchral tablet of Serannut, a superintendent of the
offeripgs of all the .gods, who is seated on a chair befose a table of
viands; m bas-relief Calcareous stone. From Sr, AnastasVe collection.

No. 588. Tablet, on which He^a,^a reyal scribe and functionary,
stands bok^ng a feather sceptre before the monarch Rameses IX., of
the 20th dynasty, who is seated on a throne wearing the crown of Up|)er
J^gypt, and protected by Ma, or Truth. The inscription below re-
xwfils the offering made by te king of various materials. Caleareotus
stone. Tomb at Thebes. From me Earl ofBdmore's collection.

No. ^9. Sepulchral tablet, inscribed on both sides ; on it Nefer-^abu,
a Theban judge, is xepresented kneeling and making an invocation to
Pbtih, who is seated above in his i^rine before a heap of viands;
above are four ears, two eyes, and a pair of aKms. Thebes. ArtHJbgonUe.
.From the Earl iff JSebmre's collection.

180 OALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [N. EOYPTIA)!

No. 590. Altar of libations, dedicated to Osiris, for An, son of User-
tesen, a superintendent of the cbiefe and priests ; on it is a basket witb
a loaf, and two water-Yases, on which are inscribed the name and
titles of the deceased. Calcareous stone. From Sr. AnastasVs cci-
UcHon,

No. 591. Altar of libations, dedicated to Amen-ra and Amenopbis
I , for Pa-shet, a Theban judge ; on it are v&ses, ears of com, bread,
parts of an animal, &c. Calcareous stone. From the Earl of Bel-
morels collection.

No. 592. Altar of libations ; in the centre is a stand or table, having
on each side a water Yase, and above, two spoons. Dark granite.

No. 593. Sepulchral tablet, or altar of libations, dcKlicated to Osiris
and Anup, for Ra-uben, a judffe, and his wife, Neb-pen-nu ; on it are
bunches of lotus flowers, cakes of bread and com, &c Thebes.
Cakareous'stone, From the F!arl of Bdmore^s collection.

No. 594. Sepulchral tablet, in shape of an dtar of libations, dedi-
cated to Amenopbis I. and the queen Aahmes-Nefer-Ari, here styled
<* the divine wife of Amen-ra;** on it are parts of an animal, cakes of
bread, vases of figs, &c. Calcareous stone.

No. 595. Fragment, on which is part of the head of a monardi
wearing the head attire called nemms, and holding before him, in one
hand, a sceptre, with the head of Athor. From the neighbourhood of
the Pyramids. Calcareous stone.

No. 596. Large tablet, or 'altar of libations ; on it are two water-
vases, two water-fowls, a jar, and two rows of circular cakes of bread.
Calcareous stone.

No. 597. Part of a small sepulchral naos ; on the upper part En-pe-
shaa, a Theban judge, kneels and prays to Phtah, Sebak, and the goddess
Ren-nu, personifiedas a snake ; on the lintels is a dedication to Phtah, by
En-pe-sbaa, his sister, Hen-hura, adoring. Thebes. Calcareous stone.
From the collection of the Earl of Bdmore.

No. 598. Fragment from a tablet on the side of a tomb ; on it Pa-
meht, a judge, followed by his wife Macha, stands in adoration to Amen,
ophis I. and the Queen Aahmes-nefer-ari. Calcareous stone.

No. 599. Upper part of a statue of Pecht or Pasht, wearing on
her head the solar disk.- From Karoak. Dark granite. Presented
by W, R, Hamilton, Esq,

No. 600. Torso of a statue, having on the back the prenomen and
titles of Psammeticbus II., or Apries, probably the former. From
Karaak. Black granite. Presented by TF. R, Hamilton, Esq,

No. 601. Coptic Tablet of Peter, a deacon, deceased, 25th of
Chirak. 7th Indiction. Sandstone.

No. 602. Great tablet of Akkendarpe, deceased, 16th Choiak.
1st Indiction. Sandstone,

No. 603. Tablet, in Greek, recording the repairs of the gate of a
church on the Ist of Phaophi. 14th Indiction. Calcareous
Stone.

No. 604. Coptic tablet of Geomos, deceased, 17th Thoth. 5th
Indiction. Sandstone. Presented by Dr. J, Bowring,

No. 605. Fragment of a pilaster, having on it in bas-relief, frieze
of ur»i. winged globe, and figure with upraised arms. Sandstone.

No. 606. Fragment of the molding of a church, having eagles

GALLERY. 1 EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 181

and crosses between cdumns, with capitals in shape of the palm.
Sandstone.

^os. 606-732. Sepulchral vases. These objects, when complete
in sets of four, with beads in shape of the four genii of tlie dead,
viz., of Amset (human-headed), Hapi (baboon-heided), Tuaut-mutf
(jackal-headed), and Kebhsnuf (hawk-headed), were employed to
hold the viscera of the dead, which were embalmed separately, and
deposited in them. Amset appears to have had the stomach and large
intestines ; Hapi the small intestines ; Tuautmutf the lungs and heart ;
and Kebhsnuf the liver and gall bladder. Each vase, of the most
finished kind, is inscribed with hieroglyphics, containing a formula
appropriate to it. That on the vase of Amset is the speech of Isis
to the dead, considered as Amset; that of Hapi, a similar speech
from Nephthys ; that of TuautmutT, one from Neith ; that on Kebhsnuf
from Selk. Each addresses the genius as under her protection, and
"beside her;" occasionally the formula varies, and tne genius tells
the dead that he has come to his side, or that they respectively bring
bim wax clothes, incense and water. The most elegant vases of this
class are of arragonite; others are of calcareous stone, pottery, or
wood; and many from being solid, or from the small ness of their
hollowed part, must be regarded as mere models. They were often
inclosed in large wooden boxes, and are said to be found more fre-
quently in the tombs of Memphis than those of Thebes or of Abydos.
Their use seems to have prevailed from the earliest time ; but towards
the close of the Egyptian monarchy, and under the Ptolemies, the en-
trails appear to have been embalmed in separate packets, which were
wrapped up with the dead, and had each attached to them a small wax
figure of its respective genius.— No. 608, with the usual inscription of
the address of tne goddess Selk to the deceased Haneb, as (>ersonified
by Kebhsnuf, the 4th genius (hawk-headed). — No. 609, with cover,
in shape of a human head, and part of an erased inscription, traced in
waxy paint of the time of the 19th djmasty: arragonite. — No. 610,
with speech of Nephthys and Hapi for Apui, a deceased royal scribe
and cnamberlain : arragonite, — No. 611, with a human head for
Mencheper, a prince, and speech of Selk to Kebhsnauf : arrago^
nite, — No. 612, with the head of a baboon, dedicated to Selk and
Kebhsnauf for the deceased Net-a-tapii: arragonite. — No. 613, with
human head and one line of inscription, dedicated to Amset — No. 614,
with human-headed cover on it, the address of Nephthys for Hapi, and
the deceased for Amen-em-api, eldest son of Rameses II.: arragonite.
From Mr. Salt's collection. — No. 615, with the speech of Isis, relative
to Nephthys, for the same. .-No. 616, with speech of Selk addressing
the deceased as Kebhsnuf, for the same prince. — No. 617, with speech
of Amset addressing the prince as Tuautmutf. From Mr. Salt's collec-
tion. — No. 618, human-headed, with speech of Neith and Selk for
deceased Nebi: arragonite. Sr. Athanasi*s collection. — No. 619,
jackal-headed, speech of Nephthys and Hapi for a deceased, whose
name is left blank. — No. 620, hawk-headed.— No. 621, speech of Selk
to Kebhsnuf for Satimes, a deceased chamberlun — No. 621*, human-
headed, plain t arragonite. — No. 622, human-headed, plain : arragonite,
—Nos. 623, 624, 625, 626, with human heads and no inscription, fiices
coloured yellow and red. — No. 627, body of a vase, with an inscription

180 aM4'BAV 09 AMrnVHECIES. [n, MdOROUUr

Pfiatxve to a fuoetfoiuvy ia ibe time of tba 28tb dynMty.-— Now
body of a vase, dedicated to Hapi or Apis : arra^oftito.-*-Ko.
with jackal's ^etd« on it an inoenj^oo in wUch tbff gesiijB Amset
teUs the dead Hara, a BlaBdard4)ea«)r of IHabb tiiat " he is beside ham s "
in mrragonitM, From 4b« cfiikction ^ JSr, AmMduL-^^iB. ^S90, wMi
«pe»cb af Salk and Hapi for PirKa-hen^Mtpeiintwdent of tbe palaoa,
«ad a local fo\«roor: iinvi^Kmi^.»^NQ« i631, imth speech of his
addvessiDg the dead as Amset for Ammaae^ «bief groom of Iha iaa^^
arrm^nits. — No. ^2. with head of a baboon and Ukeprible iaseripltODf
mrrmgonite, — N«u6ddk with humm headand if>aaeb of Belk and KeUia-
nuf for deeeaied Tebn; leyas, kc^ tmeediaUafik. Sr. AtlumaiN
^tUeoUom, — No. ^4, with head of a babaoa and inscription lar Kabha-
nti^ which says, " I come to be besida thae : " wragmite, Frmm Sr.
Amm$ta$C» ocMeetion, — No* ^95, of anra^Oft^ in a very vnay paipt, o^
loured green, for Reopu, bow-^beafer «f the king* 19th dy«is^.-^
Nos. 636-639, a oomplate set, apparently unopeaad, with intc«iptfofigfor
a doceaseil Uah-Hra4iati, son of Petisi : arrmgmUU, From Mr. Sum^M
ce&Bdion.'- Nos. 640-643, another sat, plain and uninscribed : cmkartom
Mone, Presentedby Sir J, Garintr WUkmaon, 1833 — Nos. 644-647,
another set solid, and laodels : eohtiirtMvs Hme, Pre$emted bp the mum,
'^-No.648, body of a vase, with apaach of Isis to Amaet traoed upon Hz
poitmy. — No. 649* with speech of Neith to Tuaubnutf for a deoeasedf
tnused on it : pottery .-^Nos. 650, 6iSl« 652, three vases of a sat,
aimply dedicated to the genii lor Pairi« a Tbefaan judgfe; pedtmp,'^
Nos. 653, 654, two models, with an unusual formula, human and haw^
headed, with names of genii Tuautmuftf and Kebhanuf, for a deocaaad
Aufna, a priest of tbe goddess Mut: painted white, to kulata oalea-
flreous stone : wood. Pretenied by Sir J, Omrdmr WW^mson, 183S.
<«^No. S^t with an onusiual farmula, and cover not beloagiiig feo it:
^urragoidU. — No. 656, hawknheaded ; inscription traced and much
(erased, jfor a deceased Hacata.*«-Nos. 657,658» Amaet, Tuautmut^ vasea
€^ deceased Pen-aur-ta: crragomiUf — No. >659, hawk-headed, plain:

luragonO^ No. 660, Hapi vase; model: caZoaraaM stena.**No. 661,

^wk^oaded: cahareouM &(om — No. 662, model of Amaet; plain:
edoitfreove jtone—^No. 663, model, initb bead of Amset : eakarmms
stone,' — No* 664, model 'Of Hapi: calcareous stone. From the col-
lection, ^ Sr. AjwataeL — No. 665, model (bawk^beaded) of Kabbnuf :
aahareoua «toiie.^*-No. 6G6, model of an Amaet vase: cmlctareom «6mc.
•^a. 667, baboon-headed: <irrflyoiit^..<^No. 668, hawk>4Maded,
apaach of Isis and Amaet for Merenqpbtha, a priest of the god Phtah:
Afro^rmuto. — Nos. 669, 670, Ham isA Kebhsnuf wvie ; from a set :
arrajyoMs'to.^— No, 670*, model of a sepalchral vase, in shape of a jar,
irith the head of the gaauis Hvpi : cideereous «tofie.-*-No. 671, mo-
4ai of a sepulchral vase, third of the set, with head in shape of tim
genius Ttiautmutf: ealotartous «<pae.->-«-No. 672, Tnautmiitf vasa;:
tdoareoua atoneu-^No. 673, Kebhsnuf vase: oakareons Jtena.^^
Ko. 674, Kebhsnuf vase : aUeareom etfim. — No. 675, Kehhamif vase:
adeareome aiMte.-^No. 676, sepulchral vase, with the head and name
4if Ihe genius Hapi : co&oraoiM stonc^-rNo. 677, Tuautmutf was iceL'
tmrnouM stone. — No. 678, aepvdchral vase; hand of a jadkal; lOO ia-
aaription : etdosreous a^oac*^No. 679, model of a seniilcbml vase^
•n It no iaacriptioii, with the hawk^ haMl ^ the gamut Kebfatwifi

cakareou9 «/;oiml.-^No. 680, Siuaaittf vase, with th« btad tf • jaokaL
..—No. 681» simUar raseu vithout ao inscnpition* «uth the haad ^ »
jackal: calcareous stone, — Nos. 682, 683, twa verv M ^uuet, pro*
bablj of the age of the 4th dynast/, with bumao oeads : etdearmnts
stone. — No. 684, Tuautmutf vase t c m k ar st nu a^ng>^-Ma 665, Amaat
vaae, |>erbapg from ibe same sets e4tloar0ous stome, — No. 686, Kebh-
snuf vase, perhaps from the same aet: oakar^us «^oae.— ^No. 667»
Tiutftmutf vase : cakareous sUme, -^ No. 688, TuautnMKf vase ;
on it a kiod of net-work : caicareow atoa^-^Nos, 689, 690, 691^
Amset, Hapi, and Tuautmutf vase ; from a set : cakarsoMS stoaa.— Nos.
692, 693, Amset and Uapi vase; from a set: caicartaus stone.^^lio.
694, ^Kebhsnuf vase; model: calcareous stone — 'Na 695, TvautmutiT
vase: calcareous stone. -^^ioB, 696, 697, AauuBt aod Kebhsnuf vMse;
models: calcareous stone. — Na 6981, Amset model vase : calcareous
stone, — No. 699, Hapi vase; model: calcareous stons.^^'So. 700,
Tuautmutfvase? modal: cahofeoussJtsme — No. 701, Hapi vase; model:
C4;^(careous stone.'^-Ho, 702, Tuautmuif vase; model : emkartemsstsne.
— No. 703, Kebhsnuf vase : model. — No. 704, Hapi vase; plain:
tfoieareotts stone, — No. 705, Kehh8m;if vase, plain : caicareom stone.^
Nos. 706, 707, 708, one Tuautmutf, aod two Kebhsnuf vases.'-^No. 709,
bod^f of a vase; plain: arrojfmite — No. 710, body; plain: arragomte*
— No. 711, body of a Hapi vase; inscription traced: arragomte."^
J^o. 71^ body of a Hapi vase : /arr^gomie.'^lio. 713^ Amset vase :
traced inscription for a bard of Amen-ra.--«No8. 714, 715, Amset and
Dapi vssei plain; urrMomie.^-liith 716, Amset vase, which has a
youthfid head like that of Hows : ^irrag/onite. — Na 7 i 1, jackaUheaded
vase of Tuautmntfj from « set; arraao$iite,^^m. 713, 719, 720, 721,
a set ; the ornaments, &c>« are tracea in a waxy paint, in the style of
the 2Dth dynasty. —^No. 722, hawk-headed vase; from a tet; plain:
arragmdte^-^'^o* 726, jackal-headed vase ; plain : arr«^}ttte.-- .Na
72^ terracotta vase, with human bead. — Nos. 725, 726, two vases
of a set ; with human heads coloured yellow : ^erraco^to.— Nos. 727
728, 7^, three tecracoCta vases of a set; peculiar for their side
bandies and human heads. — ^Nos. 730, 731, 732, three models of Amset,
Hapi, and Kebhsnuf witbin8crij9tiQng,-wNos. 733-735, three plain vases;
jBOodels of Amset, Hapi, and Rebhsnuf : calcareous stose.^-No. 736,

model vase of Hapi No. 737, model vase of Amset.^-No. 738,

Kebhsnuf vase, from the same set* — No. 739, vase, of the same set
(hawk-headed), of Kebhsnuf. — No, 740, vase of Hapi; ioscnption,
iie., traced in bUck.— No, 74J« jackal-headed y^ae, with i^iscription.
—No. 742, Siumutf, jackal-headed; inscription traced ia black. -^
Nos. 743, 744, 745, Amset, Tuautmutf, and Kebhsnuf vase ; plain. —
Nos. 746, 747, 748, 749, a set; body coloured black.— Nos. 750, 751,
752, Amset, Hapi, and Kebhsnuf vase ; from a set; eyes touched up
in hlack.— Nos. 753» 754, 755, Amset, Hapi, and Kebhsnuf vase ;
from ft set; plain. .--No. 757, Amset vase : calcareous st<me — No. 758,
Hm^ vase, arragonite, with a waxy paijot; period of the 19th dynasty.
.^NQ, 759, Hapi vase : calcareous stone.-^^ifo. 760, Hapi vase : col-
.earmus stone, — Nos. 761-769, iieads from vases of the four genii.
^^FjDom No. 733, are from the coJkcium (jf the Earl qf Bebnore.

nOr-llh Two early Saracenic tombstones, from the cemetery of
AasoiuA. Presented fy J>r, Bfrming.

184 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIBS. [n. EGYPTLAN

No. 772. Sq)ulchral tablet of Ha-a, who is represented adoring
Osiris, Isis, and Horns, or receiving the worship of members of his
family. Calcareous stone.

No. 773. Sepulchral vase of Amen-sa-t, a royal slave, in shape of
Hapi. ArragonUe, Presented by H, Goff, Esq,

No. 774. Sepulchral tablet of Mene, or Bene, who is represented
with his fomily. Adorations to Osiris. Calcareous stone.

No. 775. Upper part of the statue of Ta-sher-hesi, a queen wear-
ing a modius, surrounded by twelve unei, and holding in her right
hand a lotus flower. Dark gramte.

No. 776. Set, Typhon, or Baal. Black granite.

No. 777. Statue of Ameni, functionary of the 12th dynasty,
seated on his legs on the ground. Dark granite.

No. 778. Sun-dial of the Roman period, found in an excavation,
made at the base of the obelisk, called ** Cleopatra's Needle," at
Alexandria. White marble. Presented by J, Scott Tucker, Esq,

No. 779. Head from a statue of the period of the 18th dynasty.
Dark granite.

No. 780. Upper part of a figure for a high functionary of the 19th
dynasty, from a group. Dark granite.

No. 781. Fragment, on which is a staff or sistrum, with the head
of Athor. Calcareous stone.

No. 782. Kneeling figure of a priest, holding a shrine, in which a
female goddess. Calcareous stone.

No. 783. Group, much mutilated, of a functionary and his vrife,
Hem-t-neber, a priestess of Amen-ra, l9th dynasty. Calcareous stone.

No. 784. Hawk emblem of Horus standing. Sandstone,

No. 785. Arm from a figure. Dark granite.

No. 786. Fragment, containing, in hieroglyphs, part of an address
of the God Ra. Calcareous stone. Presented by Ih, J, Bowring,

No. 787. Part of the dedication of a temple. Calcareous stone.
Presented by Dr, J. Bowring,

No. 788. Sepulchral tablet of Ameoi. Coloured green. Calcareous
stone.

No. 789. Tablet, on which is a Roman Emperor adoring Thoth
or Nupe, Horus, and Isis. Sandstone. Presented by the late Marquis
of Northampton,

No. 790. Lid of a sarcophagus of Pet-har-mench. Presented by
the late Marquis of Northampton,

No. 8iX). Sandstone altar, on which are two cows, emblems of the
goddess Athor, walking among the papyrus and lotus plants. Pre-
sented by W. R. Hamilton^ Esq., 1838.

On ascendine the stairs after the vestibule, on the northern wall of
the vestibule of the Egyptian Room is —

The plaster cast, from the end of the north vrall of the great edifice, of
Rameses II. at Kamak, representing Rameses vanquishing the Tahennu,
one of the most northern enemies of Egypt The monarch, wearing a
casque upon his head, stands in his chariot, and has caught one of the
chiefs of his enemies by a bow-string round the neck, while he stoops
down and is about to decapitate him with his felchion. The enemy are
in flight, and many lie about dying or wounded. These people wear on
their heads two feathers, and a cloak made of the skins of animals, or a

GALLERY.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. Igj

sash round the loins ; in some sculptures their eyes are bhie, and their
hair red. Their arms are bows and spears. Behind the monarch is a
royal standard-bearer.

On the left hand side of the door of the entrance of the Northern
Zoological Gallery is placed —

A plaster cast of a subject on the tomb of Seti, or Sethos I., king
of the 18th or 19th dynasty, commonly called Belzoni's tomb, in the
Biban el-Molook, at Thebes. It represents the monarch Sethos 1.,
holding a crook and whip, introduced by the god Horus, into the
presence of Osiris, seated upon his throne. Behind Osiris is the Land
of the West, the abode of blessed souls, typified as a goddess, having
on her head the hieroglyphic for «* West," standing, and regarding the
king.

On the right side of the door is placed —

A cast taken from the side wall of the entrance of the tomb of
Meri-nephtha, of the 19th dynasty ; the monarch, draped in a trans-
parent garment, and wearing on his head the atf, stands addressing
Ra, who grants him life, endurance, and the crown of the sun:
above, in the cornice, is the Hut or celestial sun as a globe with
ursei serpents and wings; below are emblems of life and endurance.
The hieroglyphics in this cast contain the names and titles of the deity
and king, and the speeches of the former. From the Biban el-Molook,
or valley of the tombs of the kings, at Thebes.

On the southern wall of the vestibule, in a frame-work, are the
following —

1. Cast of the Apex of the fellen obelisk at Kamak; the original,
which was the companion of the great obelisk standing iji the advance
of the granite sanctuary, was erected by the queen-regent, Ha-asu, the
sister of Thothmes II. and III., monarchs of the 1 8th dynasty, in
whose minority she reigned, in honour of her father, Thothmes I.,
to the divinity Amen-ra. She is represented on the trian^Iar part
of the Apex, crowned by Amen-ra, who addresses her. The large
hieroglyphics below are part of her names and titles. Coloured in
imitation of red granite.

2. Cast taken from one of the lateral lines of the great inscriptions
down the sides; it represents Thothmes III., a monarch of the 18th
dynasty, offering oil to the god Amen-ra.

3. Cast from one of the side lines of the same obelisk, representing
the queen regent Hat-asu, and Amen-ra.

4. Cast from another part of the same obelisk, representing the
same regent offering to Amen-ra.

5. Cast from a monument at El-Assasif; on it the monarch
Thothmes II. standing, wearing the tesher, and holding a sceptre in
his left hand, and in his right a mace, and emblem of life. Behind is
a symbolical figure, having on its head the standard of the king : above
the head of the king soars a vulture, emblem of victory. The hiero-
glyphics contain the names and titles of the king.

6. 7. Two casts taken from a part of the tomb of Thothmes III. in
the valley of the Biban el-Molook. They represent an inferior
divinity called Pet-mut-f.

8. Cast taken from the wall of the entrance passage of the tomb of
Sethos II. in the Biban el-Molook. The monarch, wearing the tall

|iittfli€9^ ufirf 66rpeRfB, sotftf dfflr, tna gosts* noras, tbd drdpra Iff ft
frsnspareiit gftrmeirt with a royal apron, stands offiniftg^ two vases of
wine to some divinity, probably Ra, but the hand and the tam or
kakfrfb sceptre of the god is only vimble. The hreroglypbics are
names and titles of the king, and part of an addVess (o the gOd.

The above were casts^ made in Egypt by Mr. Bonomi, under the
direction of Mr. Hay, an4 colotnred by the Ibrmer gentfeman after
erighicils.

FIRST EGYPTIAN ROOM.

IIP 8TAIKS.

The wooden figvret in Case* l'~4 am generally fdmid in foiobs;
the bronze are ofTeringSt or objects of private worship; th« pofve*
kin aad sraaU figures of stone a»e all perforated^ to attach to th«
network or the neeklaoea of vmxmuAeM,

The reader will find exfdanatlons of natte* aad tftlies hi tho gknacry
appended*

CJLf E 1^^2^ SClTIBaM

Div. ]. Amen-ra, the Egyptian Jupiter, seated upoa a throne.
On the throne are cynocephali, urseus and lotus sceptres, axid ai th6
back Amoun seated between Khons loh aftd another daky» Sand-
stone, 1\ in, h. (No. &)

Sketches of the god Amen<rsaf seated on hie throne* Ckficmtumt
stone. From the tombs of the Kings at Thebes.. 10^ im, h., 8^ in* w«

No. 11. Pteh, Phtah, or Phtha, the Egyptisai Vuleasv steoding^ ia
Osirian dress, his head shorn, round his neek an (tekb; both hmda
hold a gom. Wood, 5^ in. h. (10.)

Phtah, standing on a plinth, graduated in&oni* Stisatite^ 7^ in* lk«
(11.)

Sketch of Phthac 8 in. h., 7 in. w. Cale4weou» stone* Toaaba of
the Kings at Thebes.

S^vek, Sabak, or Souk, a form of Seb^ the Egyptian Saturn, evoeeu
dile-headed, walking, wearing the shenli ; biack, with yeHow strides.
Wood. 6in. h. (401.)

Ma, Me'i, or Thmei, the Egyptian Tbenis, seated in a dose gar-
ment. Vitrified composition. 4J in. h. (8d0.)

Tho6ut, or Thoth, walking, in a boat; Uaok and yeUow. Painted
wood. 7f in. h., 1 ft. 1. (486.)

Bas-relief, having on one side the goddess JSen^ ott the otbev
Rameses II. 10 in. h., 6f in. w* Cakareous stone0

Div. 52. Amoun-ra, walking, bearded, wearing the te^ sar*
mounted by the plume and disk ; in hia ri|[ht hand -^ | in his left
the gom. SUver. S\ in. h. Thebes. (6.)

Other figures oi Amoun-ra : the eyes of one inlaid with silveri iAm
plume of another with enamel. Bronze. 11^ to 2 in. h. (7.)

No. 32. A small naos ; in the iirtetior a seatttd figaiv of Araonn^-ra.
At the sidea Niun, or Chnoupte, raifl(«head«d| Khotn, and win^ :

) IWFfKMf ittflHlOlffmk M9

Mlte8,iMltlW naflwaaitfClM «f taking SMMrik On the

is inscribed in large symbols in bas-relief, ** the abode of Aamu**"
Brmtze. 4|iii. k|lw,2iki. b.,2i«wL (90.)

No. iia Maut, Mtted, swUlag; wtnli iktm fiftfe ef RImm*
Bf<mM9. 1 It d f«. k (M)

Nft, or Neilk, the Egyptian lftiierv«,o» afhroaey WMring lli> leilir*
Another, walkine. Bronte, 4f in. It^ (77 en )

iEgis of Neitb. Bnm*. 4| in. k

Nun, Knepb, ClhiHmirfii*, tlie ram-lMaded dMnky, walking, WMring
an atf. Bronze, 7 in. h. (92, dS. )

^f^s of Chnouphis. Broiae, 4i«. h, (108.)

Seti, or Sate, tlie Egyptfaft innOf wett^df wearing fW Sbac, be«
tmea imo horns, svnnovnited by a didL cad another om— awt>
Bronze, 6f in. h. Thebee, (110.)

Aiiiottn-r» Harsaphesy or Khen, the Pan of the Egyptiant, tUmMiig
on nine bows ; on tho pedestal* the name off 4r queen of A m aa is II.,
the eaitouche of Amoon-ra, phfaeniies, jaekal and hawk-headed spirits.
Horns saluted by two female deities. Below, Meui eievarhig the host
of the Sim, c^Bocephalt, the goddesses Mero-nuhi avd Mere-ras, Hiu'-
hat, Tboth, aid a prooession of Hapi-noouft Bronze, (42.)

Two similar figures, without pedestals. 6 to 8 in. h. (43— -6.)

Chons^ Khons, or Khonsoa, the Egyptian Hercules, in Osiriaa dress^
with the lomr disk and mystk lock of hair, holing the gom, wh^
and crook. Bronze. 2^ in. h. (74.)

iChoni<Mi , seated, hawk-headed, crowMd with the Ivmt diric. €Md,
^hi. h. (86.)

Phtah, standing; having ait his side the goddess Piisht or Meto
ephtah. Bronze, (211.)

Pleh, Phtah, or Phte. Bronze. Promf 1 h. to 7^ in. (1 1«— 1 IS a.)

Athor, Athyr, or Hathor, the Egyptian Venus; the head ofw-
ahadowed hy a vulture supporting tSe disk and horns. The ho<^r is
a shrine, placed upon a wheel of eight spokes, with a figure of Attioff
sCandi n g. Apparently the proiRe of an aegis. Bronze, 7 in. h. (900.^

Athor, cow-headed, with disk and plumes. If hi. h. CMd, ( 1 85 • fr.)

Ra, or Re, the Sun, hawk-headed, seated. Bronze, 4^ in. h. Thebea*
(87.)

Ra seated, holding a lotus sceptre. Bronze. 4 in. h. (S¥^,)

Mttirt or Month-ra, hawk-headed^ wearing a disk snd two tall
plumes ; the collar and eyes of one of the figures inlaid with gold«
Bronze, Prom 74 to 10 in. h. (3J»— 41.)

Month-ra, walking, on a double pedestal. Bronze. 7.1 in. h. (S4l.)

Nefhr Atura, Nofre-l%mou, Athmon, or Athom, walking ; on his
heaed tiie lotus flower and two tall phimes. Another, of the Pto-
lemaic period. Bronze. 7 in. h. (810—19.)

Pisht, or Tafhe, the Merephtah, or coinpamon of Phtah ; lion-
headed, standing ; on her heaa the uraeated disk. Bronze, 6^ in. h.^
(212-ia)

Pasht, or Taftie, a» abote. SUiffr, 1 in. h. (214.)

Vtaht or Rfenhi ; on her head a place for the uraeus. Siher, l^
h). h. Bronze, 8| in. h*

Pasht, or Bubastis, the Egyptian Diana; eai(«headed, standing, m

188 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIBS. [FIRST EGYPT.

a long ftriated garment; left hand holding the aegis. Bronze. 5f to
2f in. h.

Pasht, human-headed, standing ; in her right hand a fractured lion-
headed segis ; a basket slung from her arm. Bronze. 8} in. h.

Div. 3. Amoun-ra, seated on a throne with feathered ornaments ; on
the plinth the names and titles of the deity. VUrified earth, df in. h.

Amoun-ra, seated. Green porcelain. If in. h.

Triad of Amoun, Maut, and Khons. Blue porcelain.

Maut, walking ; her head attire composed of pendent ursei. Green
porcelain. 2f in. h.

iBgis of Maut. White porcelain, 1 in. h.

Neith, walking. Lapis lazuli. From 1 to If in. h.

Chnouphis, ram-headed, walking. Blue and green porcelain. From
1 1 in. to f in. h.

Amoun-ra, or Harsaphes. Blite and green porcelain. 2 to f in. h.

Khons, standing. JLiaht blue porcelain. 1} in. to f in. h.

Khons-ioh, hawk-headed, walking, shenti round the loins. Blueish
gray porcelain. If in. h.

Phtah, or Phtha, standing. Light green porcelain. 2} to 1 in. h.

Heads, from small figures of Phtah. Blup porcelain. 2^ to 1^
in. h.

^ Phtah- Socharis,or Phtah- Socharis- Osiris, a youthful dwarf with bowed
legs, naked, his hands upon his thighs, a close cap on his head. Blue
porcelain. 3 to f in. h.

Phtah- Socharis, standing upon two crocodiles ; on his head the atf
and scarabseus ; a hawk upon each shoulder ; Pasht Merephtah, lion-
headed, and winged, supports him behind. Vitrified stone, green
porcelain. 2f in. h.

Phtah- Socharis; at his sides Isis and Nephthys. Light green porce*
lain. 2^ to 2f in. h.

Phtah- Socharis, standing ; a sword in each hand. Blue porcelain.
2 J to f in. h.

Phtaui- Socharis, human and hawk-headed, standing, holds two swords,
reeds, or feathers ; two bands pass from the mouth to the shoulders.
Blue porcelain. 2^ in. h. Memphis.

Phtah- Khons, a dwarfish youth, with the lock of Horns. Bhe
porcelain. 1^ in. h.

Onouris standing, brandishing a sword. Red brick, terracotta. 6
to 5 in. h.

Onouris as before ; or kneeling upon the left knee. Blue porcelain.
1^ to J in. h.

Athor or Hathor, cow-headed, standing. Dark porcelain. 2 in. h.

Head of Athor, full face, cow-eared, a long curled lock on each
side. Blue porcelain. Sf in. h.

Smaller heads of the same, hair straight and vertical. Blue porce-
lain. } to i in. h.^

^gis of Athor bifrons, cow-eared, between two ursei, one bearing
the shaa, the other the teshr. Blue porcelain. 3 in. h.

Ra, Re, or Phre, hawk-headed, walking, wearing the shenti, his head
surmounted by the solar disk, with urseus in front Blue and gray
porcelain. 1 j to 1 in. h.

IbOOM.} EGYPTIAN ANnQUITIES. 199

Munt-ra or Month-ra, walking. Deep blue porcelain, 2| in. h.

liefer- Atum, Nofre-Thmou or Athom, walking, in some specimens
on a crouching lion. Light green porcelain, 4 in. to 4 in. h*

Hor or Horus, lion-heade() ; on his head the atf. Blue porcelain^
2| to l\ in. h.

Selk, walking; on her head a scorpion. Lapis lazuli. If to } in. h«

Ma or Thmei, seated. Lapis lazuli. If to 1 in. h.

Pech-t, or Pasht, lion-headed, walking. Blue porcelain, 4i in. h.

Pasht, walking, holding the left symbolic eye, emblem of the moon.
Red and green porcelain. 3 to 2f in. h.

Pasht, lion-headed, with urseus on her head, walking. Green porce^
lain, 4J to f in. h.

Pasht, lion-headed, seated, holding a sistrum and lotus-sceptre.
Bhte porcelain, 2) to If in. h.

Pasht, Tafne, or Tefhu, lion-headed, walking ; on her head an urseated
disk. Blue porcelain. 2 to 1 in. h.

Pasht, walking ; on her head the pschent. Blue porcelain. 1^. to
1 J in. h.

Pasht, lion-headedy seated. The back of this figure is formed by
that of a hawk, the tail reaching to the ground. }^od. 2^ in. h.

iEgis of Meui and Tafhe. Light blue porcelain. 1 in. h.

^gis of Pasht or Ta&e. Blue and white porcelain, f in. h.

Lower part of a figure of Merephtah, walking. Dark porcelain*
If in. h.

Pasht, lion-headed, standing, to the right. Transparent composition,
I J in. li.

Div. 4. Amen-ra, standing and seated. Bronze,

Mut, standing and seated. Bronze.

Phtha» standing on a pedestal in shape of truth. Bronze,

Head of Phtha, gilded. Calcareous stone.

Pantheistic figure of Phtha, represented as a hawk, scarabseus, and
man in bas-relief. I ft. 1 in. h., 10^ in. w. Sandstone,

iBgis of Pasht. Bronze.

Mgis of Athor. Green basalt.

Fragments of sandstone cut out of temples, with representations of
Phtha, Nefer Atum, and the name of Athor.

CASES 3, 4. DEITIES.

Div. 1. Osiris Pethempamentes, the Egyptian Pluto; standing, hu-
man form, bearded ; on his head the atf; holds the curved sceptre and
three-thoiiged whip. Calcareous stone, 9| in. h.

Osiris PeAempamentes standing. Wood covered with stucco and
glided. 1 ft. | in. h.

Head of Osiris Pethempamentes. Calcareous stone. 3f in. h.

Osiris Onndphris, the Egyptian Bacchus, wearing the shaa, seated,
liolding with both hands a gom. Calcareous stone, I ft. h.

A bust of Osiris Onndphris. Calcareous stone, »

Female deity, standing; wings attached to her arms. Wood„
1 ft. 4i in. h. Presented bg Sir J, G. Wilkinson, 1834.

Isis, with circular head-dress of uraei ; standing, or seated suckling
Horus. Steatite. 3} in. h.

K

190 GAIXBBY OF AVOUlVmEM, [FIRST SGTfT.

Nephtfagrs, k naeKng or standing. Pamkd womL 10| in. ii.

Female deities, koeeling on one knee. PauUed wood, 9^to44>in. h.

Div. 2. Figures of (Mm PetkempemMtet stajudiBg; one has the*
eyes inlaid with silver. JBronzt. 1 ft. to 1 in. h*

Small ornament; Osiris Pethempamentes, five times rmeated.
JBroiae. if in. h. (619*.)

Head of Osiris Onn6phris. JBranzt, 5 in. h.

Osiris-ioh, (the moon,) with die lunar didc» seated. Bronxe, 9 m. h.

Flail or whip of Osiris. Bronge,

Anoup, or Anubis, jackai-headed, walking. Bronze, 7^ in. h.

leroatp, Imothph, or Imoixkh, seized, Aom head, unfoUs a n^ of
papyrus; or walking. Bronze. From 5§ to 3 in. h.

Mfp& of Mau and Tefiiu. Bronzs. (S8S,)

Thdout, or Thoth, the Egyptian Mercury, walking; ibis-headed, de<«
eorated with the atf. Bnmze. 6^ in. h.

Aah-Thoth, lunar Mercury, standing on a pedestal, holdinffbefiwe-
him, on a baslcet, the symbolic eye, emblem of the moon. Bronze.
4j in. h.

Aah-Ioh-or Ooh-Thoth, ibis-headed, decorated with the dbk of the
moon ; seated. Bronze. 4| in. h.

Thoth, ibis-headed, and Har-si-esi» havdc^headed, standing fiu» to
face. Each holds a vase of libation pouring an united stoeam of water
on the earth. Bronze. 2 in. h.

Thoth, walking, his head surmounted by the head and neck of an
ibis and the disk of the moon, crowiied with an atf. Bronze, 3^ in. h.

Ma or Thm^i, seated. Bronze. 4| in. h.

Div. 3. A female deity, seated; on her head the fore pact of a
fish. Green porcelain. 3 to 2^ in. h.

Hawk-headed deities, seated, walking. Groen fUd^par, lapis la-
zvJi, porcelain, and blue glass. 2]^ to | in. h» Thebes.

Female deities, walking and seated. Lapis lazuiL f to } in. h.

Osiris Pethempamentes, seated. Blue porcelain. l| ia. h.

Osiris-Tattou, under the form of the emblem of stability, sunnaunted
by the atf. Light blue porcelain, de^ bhte glass. 4| to If in. h.

Isis seated, suckling H<mis; on ner head the ursus, disk» and
horns. Blue porcelain, wood, sione, ffc. 4| to i ia. h.

Isis terrestnal and queen of the Amenti, walking; on her head
a throne. Blue glass, porcelain of various cohurs. 2^ to f in. h.
* Isis terrestrial, kneeling or seated, suckling Horus. Blue and
green porcelain. I in. h.

Nephthys, walking. Lapis lazuli, porcelain of various colours, ^^
2f to f in. h.

Small tablets. Horus between Isis and Nephthys. Blue porcetdin,
1^ in. h.

Horus ; his arms by his sides, mystic lock sometimes on ihe right,
sometimes on the left shoulder. White and blue porcelain. If to-
Jin. h. ^

Har-si-esi, walking, hawk-headed. Darh and light blue porcelain.
If to If in. h.

Har-si-esi walking; one figure has an inscription down the back
to Harden. Vitrified stone, ^ht blue porcelain. 2 to If in. h.

Small tablet, with Har-si-esi, seated. Deep blue porcelain, y'^in. h.

BpOM.] EGYPTIAN 4NTIQUIXJE8. l^L

Plate in open work, procession of six feaaie deities. Bluepcuice'
lain.

A small throne; at the sides a deity and winged serpents. Gmm
porcelain, 1| in. h.

lemapt, Imotbph, or Imouth, seated. Steatite, j in. h.

Tlu>6ut or Thoth, ibis-beaded, walking. Blm vorcelaJm. 4| 1b. h.

Aah-Thodi, walking, holcKng in bis bands a pallet and reed* Blut^
porcdain. J in. b.

Tboth, ibis-headed, walking ; on bis bead a scaraheeus. Blue porce-
lain. 2^ in. b.

Man or Meui, secondary form of Emphe, bearded, wearing the
sbenti, supporting the solar disk upon bis bead. Blue and gray parce-
lain. Or m profile. 1^ to f in. b.

Diy. 4. A cippus or. smsQl monument Kbons-Horus, standing,
holding a lion, gazelle, scorpions, and vipers. Above, the bead of
Khons-Kneph or Typhon, and behind, 1. Amoun-ra Harsapbes, a
gazelle, hawk of Horus, Tholh, and Chnouphis ; 2. Meui, Ra, Horus,
Amset, Isis, Ta&e, and a acarabssus; 9i Iri-en-bar, on his head ^e
right symlxAic «ye, a d^y str^dng a firog, an uneus, the four genH of
the Amenti, and four figures of Thotb. Calemfmme stcme. 1 ft.
2 in. k, 9 in. b. Preeemtedby Col. T. P. Thompson.

A cippus representing Horus standhig, nearly as above. Woodf
pamted. I il. 5 in. b.

Similar dppi ; on the apex of oae, asoarabcus with extended mngs.
SteatUe. 4| to a^ in. h.

Horus, seated upom a throae ftanked by lions; at the back, a door*
way supported by two columns. Brown stone. 5} in. b.

Horus, seated, wearing the psohcnt ; round the base, and at the side
of the thione, an insc^ption in Gnostic symbols. Steatite. 3^ ia. h.

Horus, walking, with the pscbent. Dark stone. Basalt. II to 7^
ijB, b.

Horus, lion-headed, walking; and standing. Wood, llj to 7J
in. h.

Pasht, seated, lion-headed; her throne placed upon two Asiatics and
two Ethiopians. 8 in. h. Vitrified stone,

CASE 5. DEITIES.

Div. 1 . Ta-ur, Ta-her, Thoueris, in profile. JSlbot^f. dj in. h.

Typhon, standing, fiiU-^e. Ebony. 9^ in. b.

Osiris- Aanoun, seated on a plinth, the knees raised; on his head a
modius ; a hollow place behind nas held a>p^)yxu& Wood I ft. 1 in. b.
Tombs of the Kings at Thebes.

Div. 2. Isis seated, suckling Horus. Bronze. 1 to If in. h.

Nahab-ka, snake-beaded de^jr, both bands to bis bead. Bluepoarce-f
lain. l^in. h.

Anepaw Anoup, or Anubis, jackal4ie»de4, walking. PoroeUm^ of
various colours. 3J to f in. h.

Thecegia of Isis. Bronzg. lO^to 1} in. h.

Div. 3. Amset, Hape, Sioumautf. Wtue. 3J in. b.

Amset and Hapi* fi^t and second genius of the Amenti. Clag eo'
vered with red wax, 3 in. h.

K 2 ^o;:.;

192 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [fIRST EGYPT.

Amset. Wax. 8J in. h.

Amset, human-headed, in profile : Hapi, baboon-headed ; Sioumautf,
or Tuautmutf, jackal-headed ; Kebhsnauf, hawk-headed. Porcelain,
various colours. 3} to 1^ in. h.

Meriskar, as a human-headed snake. JBlue porcelain,

Div. 4. Onouris, the Egyptian Mars, a form of Khons: holds
an oval buckler and sword. 'Terracotta, 1 ft. 4 in. h.

iEgis of Isis. Bronze,

Isis seated. Calcareous stone.

Fragments cut from a Temple representing Horns and the genii of
the dead. Sandstone,

Plaster casts of the so-called Torso Borghese covered with figures
of the Eg3rptian Pantheon, and an address to Horus, and of part of
the Sarcophagus of Ou-her, in the Louvre. Presented by J, W. Bray^
ley, Esq.

CASE 6. COFFIN, ETC.

A cofBn, in shape of a mummy, of Penamen, Theban priest of
Amen ; on it are Netpe, Isis, Nephthys, Osiris, the four genii of the
Amenti, &c. Painted wood. 6 ft. 4 in. h.

A stand for offerings, on a pedestal, the ci^ital in form of the lotus
flower. Painted wood. 3 ft. h.

Capitals of similar stands ; one is rectangular at the apex, with three
spikes to hold objects of offering. Painted wood, 2 to 4^ in. h.

A stand for offerings. At the centre a large circular plate with
a rim; on the stem and rim are inscriptions. Bronze, 4 ft. 5 in. h.

CASE 7. DEITIES, ANIMALS, ETC.

Div. I. Jackals, seated. Painted wood. I ft. 3 in. 1., 9^ in. h.
to 3f in. 1., If in. h.

Div. 2. Har, or Hor, infant, seated, as in the lap of Isis, or with
both arms by his side. Bronze. 5^ to f in. h.

Har, or Horus, as in the lap of Isis'; wearing the pschent. Bronze,
4f in. h.

Har, or Horus, walking, wearing the pschent. Bronze. 8| to Z\
in. h.

Har, son of Amen, as in the lap of Isis ; on his head the teshr»
disk and plumes. Bronze. 7 to li in. h.

Har-si-esi, Hametatf, or HarOen, hawk-headed, walking, wearing
the pschent with urseus. Bronze. 9J in. h.

Pnebta, son of Har, or Horus, seated ; on his head the horns of a
goat surmounted by three vases, and disks between feathers and ursei.
Bronze. 5^ to 4} in. h.

Chuns or Khons as Kneph, or Phtha; Silenus-faced, dwarfish
naked body, bowed legs, crowned with the plume, clothed in lion's
skin. Bronze. 2 in. h.

Khons as Kneph, standing, holding with both hands an unknown ob-
ject. Bronze. d| in. h.

Khons as Kneph, standing on a lotus flower, between two sphinxes.
Bronze. 2f in. h.

Khons as Kneph, winged j terminating below in a lion's foot. Bronze*
IJ in. h.

BOOM.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIEB. 198

Phtah-Sochaiis, standing upon two crocodiles* with a jackal's and
ram^s head disked, naked, bow-leg^d, holding a whip; the back
formed by the body and tail of a hawk. Brome, 3 in. n.

Div. 3. Khons as Kneph, quadrifrons. Woodt blue and hlutUh
green porcelain, steatite, glass, ffc. From 4 in. to f in. h.

Same, bifrons, &c.

Heads of Khons as Kneph, &c. ; on the reverse of one, two croco-
diles in intaglio. 4 to j in. h. JBltie porcelain.

Small tablet, representing Khons as Kneph, &c., in relief. The
ornament od the head resembles a modius. Red composition.
1} in. h.

Fragment, Typhon and Ta-ur, or Taher, or TeoSri. YeUounsh green
porcelain. If in. h.

Typhon, full-face, standing, between two figures of Ta-ur, or
Thuoeris. Deep blue porcelain. J in. h.

Ta-ur, Thaoeri, or Thuoeris, hippopotamus standing on its hind
legs, with pendent arms and breasts of a female, the back covered
\>y the tail of a crocodile. Stone, porcelain^ (fc. From 4 to g in. h.

Ta-ur, Thaoeri, or Thoueris, hippopotamus body, standing, lion-
fieaded, human breasts, the back covered with a crocodile*s tail, the
hands holding a peculiar kind of collar. Calcareous stone. 2 in. h.

Ta-ur, with female head. Blue porcelain. If in. h.

Div. 4. Typhon, Seth, ass-headed, seated. Wood painted with
bitumen. 1 ft. 3 in. h. Tombs of the Kings, Thebes.

Ta-ur or Thoueris, as a hippopotamic divinity seated, with her hands
on her knees. Wood. 1 ft. 4J in. h. Thebes.

Taur, standing. Vitrified steatite.

Horus, seated. Blue porcelain.

Torso of a terminal figure of Anubis or of Serapis. Blue porce"
Jain.

A tortoise-headed deity, seated, guardian of the 3rd hall of the
Amenti. Wood covered with bitumen, 1 ft. 3 in. h. Tombs of the
Kings, Thebes.

Fragments cut out of the wall of a Temple, with coloured hiero-
glyphical inscriptions, names of Gods, a Roman Emperor, &c. Sand'
stone.

CASES 8, 9. SACRED ANIMALS, QUADRUPEDS.

Div. 1. Jackals, lying down. Wood. 1 ft. 9 in. 1., 10 in. h. ;
4 in. 1., 4 in. h.

Div. 2. Cynocephalus, or dog-headed baboon, seated ; on his head
the lunar disc. Dark stone. 8 in. h.

Cynocephali, seated. In one, the eyes, collar, and symbolic eye
pendent from the same, are inlaid with gold. Bronze. From 2J to
If in. h.

Lion, lying extended ; apparently taken from the apex of a sistrum.
Brome. 2f in. I., If in. h.

Lion, walking. Wood.

Lion, unfinished, with a sculptor's canon marked upon it. Calcare-
ous stone.

Cats, seated ; one has the symbolic eye suspended from the collar.
Bronze, 11 to f in. h.

104 GALLERY Of ANTIQ01TIEB. [FIRST' EGYPT.

A cat, placed upon a staple. Brxmze, 2^ in. b.

Heads of cats* from statues ; on one an engraved symbol ; &e ears
have held ear-rings. Bronze,

A wolf ? walking. Bronze, } in. h.

A jackal, on a standard ; model of one of the standards home in
the funeral processions. Wood. 4| in. h. Thebes. Presented by
Sir J. G, WUkimon, 1834.

A dog with a curled tail and collar, of the Greek or Roman period.
Terracotta.

Shrew-mice. On the shoulders of one the winged globe ; on the back
and behind, vultures : one bears an inscription stating it to be sacred
to Horns, lord of Schem. Bronze, Tombs near Pyramids. 5^ in. L,
2^ in. h.

A horse, sacred to Amen-m, bridled. Bronze. 1 in. h.

Apis, the bull. One has the urseated disk between the horns ; on the
neck, the scarabceus with open wings ; a housing on the back, behind
which a vulture wi^ expanded wings. Bronze, From 2} to If in. h*

Apis, walking. Wood. 1 ft. 3 in. 1., 9^ in. h.

Apis, walking ; a man with the shenti kneels in front of the bull*
Dark 8tone. 7J in. h. From the Townley Collection,

Gazelle, walking. If in. h. Another, with its legs bound for sacri-
fice. Bronze. 24 in. 1.

Ibex, kneeling upon one knee. Wood. 2 in. h.

A ram, walking ; on its head the atf. Bronze. 2 J in. h.

A ram, with the head attire of Amoun-ra. Bronze.

The head of a ram; beneath are the ends of four iron pins to attach
it to some other object, and above, an iron pin for the head attire.
Brown stone. Sin. h.
' A sow, walking; under her two pigs. Bronze. 1} in. h., 2 in. 1.

Gazelle, the legs tied under the belly ; the horns, which were of a
different material and inlaid to it, are wanting. Felspar,

Div. 3. Cynocephali, seated or standing. One holds a symbolic
eve, another stands on its hind legs, or seated, having on their heads
"me disk of the moon. Porcelain, vitrified stone, ffc, 4 to | in. h.

A monkey, seated, fore paws on the mouth. Green porcelain.
1 in. h.

Lions conchant Porcehm, 2 in. I., 1^ in. h., to f hi. I., f^ in. h.

The anterior parts of two lions^ some supporting the disk of the sun.
Porcdain. f in. 1., | in. h.

The anterior parts of a lion and bull conjoined. Porcelain. From
1) to I in. I., I in. h.

Head of a lion. Green porcdain, j^in. h.

Sphinxes, lying down or seated ; on the head of one is an inverted
lotus. Terracotta, porcelain. Prom 4 to 1 in. h.

Dogs, seated or lyme down. One asleep. Porcelain, ivory. 1 tb | in h.

Cats, seated, or on me top of a column vrith a lotus capital, having
before them kittens. Porcelain. 6 to ^ in. h.

The bull Apis, walking. A tablet with the same in bas-reHief. JBbte
porcdain. 1 to jl in. h.

H^ad of a bull. Porcdain. \ in. h.

Head of a bull, bearing a disk. Terracotta, 5 in. h.

A cow, lying down ; on its head, disk and plomes. HedcomposUiim.

Ibex, lying down. Bed porcelain, ^ in. 1.
. Rbbib, waUcing or lying down. PwreeUtm, Fr«m f to | in. b.

Heads of rams, surmounted by the uneated disk of tfais nm. Poree^
lam. 1 in. h.

Swine, walking. Porcelain, 1| to | in. h.

Haves; one has the head turned behind. Porcelain, ivory, ^ to
f in. h.

Horn of a ram. Bronze, 4^ in. I.
. Head of the Hippopotamm. Wood. 9^ is. h. Tonbe of die
Kings, Thebes.

EIv. 4. Heads of sacred cows or bulls, their distinctive emblems
broken off. Wood, I ft. 7} in. h., 9} in. 1. Tombs of the Kings at
TJiebei.

A mystic animal ; the head and neck of a viper, the body of a
quadruped. ( Vid. Rossini, M.c.xxin. 2. ) Wood, 11 in. 1., 4f in» h.

Ears from similar heads. Wood. 5^ in. 1.

Models of rams' beads. Cnide unbaked earth, 2^ to 2 in. h.

Head attire, disk, &c. Wood,

Fragments of hieroglyphical inscriptions from temples, on which are
jC3mocephali, gazdles, Jions, hares, jadcals, &G. Sandstone.

CASES 10, 11. SACRED ANIMALS, CHIEFLY BIBDS.

Div, 1, Hawks, bodies swathed. Wood, Ih to 2 in. h.

Hawk, wearing the pschent, upon a pedestal, decorated with an au<
jdltor of truth in the act of adoration. Wood, 1 ft 4|- in. h.

Hawk of Re, or Ra, the sun : on its head the solar disk. Wood,
i ft h.

Vultures, upon plinths. Wood, 8J in. h.

Div. 2. Head of an ibis. Wood, 4J in. L, 2 in. h.

Head and neck of a goose. Wood, 7i itt. 1., d| in. h.
. Ibis. The eyelids of one have been mkdd in silver. Bronze.
2J in. h. Thebes.

Hawks, crowned wiA urseated disks. Bronze, l^g to jj in. h.

Human-headed bearded hawk, mik extended wings. Silver, 2^
in. h., 3 in. b.

Hawk^, with the pschent. Bronze. From 1^ in. h. to 1 in. h.

Oxyrhyncus ; on its head the urseated disk ana horns. Bronze. 3^
in. 1., 2| in. h. Thebes.

Fish of the Lepidotus, or Carp species. Silver, bronze, 1 in. b^
2j- in. h., 4 in. 1., 1 in. L

Snake on plinth. 8} in. 1. Wood,

Ursei, the neads disked. Wood, 6^ to 3^ in. h.

SmaU hawks, with swiatbed bodies. Wood, S} to l^ in. h.

Hmnan-faced hawks. Those whose heads are disked represent the
souls of deities. Wood, 6 to 3| in. h.

Urseus, coiled upon a pUn^;' on the breast the symbol of Neith.
Wood. 7 in. h.

Lower part of an urseus, coiled upon a plinth. Wood, 9 in. 1., 4 J
in. h.

Pedestal and part of the female-headed urseus, covered with inscrip-
tions, dedications to the goddess Ro&nu.. 5 in. U, 2| in. b. Wood.

196 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [fIBST JEGTPT.

Urseus, in profile. Bronze.

Urseus, disked; the breast inlidd with blue and red porcelain; the
vphole has been gilt Bronie, 3^ in. h.

Urseus, with a conical cap. On its breast the name of Neith.
Bronze. If in. h.

Urseus, the head and neck erect, crowned with the head-dress of
Osiris. Bronze. 3 in. h.

Urseus, erect, upon a column with a lotus capital, the head crowned
vrith the emblem of a goddess, mistress of the lower hemisphere »
Bronze. 3 J in. h.

Ursei ; the breasts inlaid with a red and blue composition. Bronze*
y\ to J in. h.

Urseus, having the head and bust of Jupiter Serapis, crowned with a
xnodius. Bronze. H in. h.

Urseus, hawk-headed, disked. Bronze. If in. h.

Heads and necks of vipers. Wood. 6 J in. 1., 2f in. h.

A frog. Three frogs seated in a row upon circular plinths. Bronze-*
IJ in. I., f in. h., to 1| in. 1., \ in. h.

A crocodile. Bronze. } in. h.

Emblems of life, stability, sceptres, collars, clasps, symbolical eyes^
hearts, tablets, feathers, &c. GiU wood.

Div. 3. Hawks. Basalt, green feldspar, porcelain, ^c» 4 to ^
in. h.

Hawks, crowned with the pschent. Porcelain.

tiawk ; on its head, disk and plumes. Blue porcelain. 1^ in. h.

Hawk, with the head attire of Phtah-Sochari. Blue porcelaitK
1^ in. h.

Hawk of Aaah, Ooh, or loh, the Moon, disked. Dark porcelain,
1 in. h.

Human-headed hawks. Lapis lazuli, porcelain, ^i}o f in. h.

Nycticorax, the Ben or Bennu of the Egyptians. Wax, J in. h.

An ibis, seated, its beak placed upon a frog. Blue porcelain-
J in. h.

A goose, on a lotus-flower. Porcelain, ^ in. h.

Crocodiles. Steatite, porcelain. 4 to 1 in. 1.

Latus, or Binni fish. Red porcelain. I in. 1.

Siluri, or Bayads. Blue porcelain, IJ in. h. *

Ursei. Agate, porcelain.

Ursei, female faced, with tall plumes, in profile to the right. Porct^
Jain, 1 j^ to 1 in. h.

Lion-headed ursei. Porcelain. If in. h.

Frogs. Serpentine, hematite, porcelain, S^c, I J to } in. h.

Scorpion. White porcelain, 2 J in. 1.

Scarabsei with hawk and cow heads ; one with wings expanded thrusts
forward the disk of the sun. Lapis lazuli, hematite, ^c, I in. 1.

Tam or gom, koucoupha sceptre. Green porcelain, 1} in. h.

Symbols of life. Porcelain, If to } in. n.

Emblems of stability, or nilometers ; pilasters with four transverse
capitals. Porcelain, 4^ in. to } in. h.

Portions of the symbolic eye, which have been inlaid in a coffinw
Crrag stone.

Wing from an inldd figure. Blue porcelain^

JiOOM.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. ]97

Emblem of the heavens, used for inlayinff. JBlue oowpotUion,

Div. 4. Feet of a vulture. Bronze. ^ in. h.

Models of vultures. Crude unbaked earth. 3^ to 2^ in. h.

Snake, on each side three smaller ones. Calcareous atone.

Models of ursei ; on the breast of one hieroglyphics in white. Uh'
ttaked earth, 3} to 2^in. h.

Emblems of life. Wood, 9in. h.

Emblems of stability. Wood. 9 in. h.

^ Fragments cut out of the sides of temples, ornamented with various
liieroglyphical emblems, fish, bird, and insects. Sandstone.

CASES 12, 13. SMALL STATUES.

Div. 1. Heads from statues of priests ; the hce of one gilt Oreen
hasak, calcareous stone, 2 to 1^ in. h.

Heads and busts of officers of state, with long hair. Calcareous stone*
7 J to 2 in. h.

Heads of females. Calcareous stone, 6 to 5} in. h.

Head and chest of a sacerdotal functionary ; the head in a skull cap ;
the hand of another figiu'e resting on the right shoulder. Green hascut.
5 in. h.

Fragment of a priest named Psametik {Psammetichus)f holding a
naos in which is Neith. Green btisalt. 6 in. h.

Div. 2. A Pharaoh, standing; on the forehead a place for the
urseus. Wood, 7^ in. h.

Semi-elliptical plate, on which is Amen6phis I., 18th dynasty, in a
biga. Wood. 2^ in. h. , 2^ in. b.

Figures of men, seated on thrones. Wood. 1 ft. 7^ in. h. Tombs
of the Kings, Thebes.

A high officer of state, walking, with long hair ; behind, a boy in
bas-relief. Ebony. 1 ft 7 in. h.

A high officer of state, in a long garment with full sleeves, and long
hair. Wood. 11^ in. h.

A man, walking, holding a basket or vase in the left hand, and the
handle of some instrument in the right. Wood, 5^ in. h.

A boatman ? standing ; a short garment round the loins. Wood.
llj-in. h.

Kowers, seated ; arms moveable ; from models of boats. The flesh of
one coloured yellow. Wood. From 4| to 5 in. h.

Figures of men, walkins ; the moveaole arms wanting. From se-
pulchral boats. Wood, painted. 6^to 3 in. h.

Priest from a sepulchral boat Woodt painted. 4 in. fa.

Female figures, walking, the head attire of one bound with a fillet
Wood. 8 in. h.

Naked figure, standing, with close cap. Ivory. 4J in. h. Memphis.

A man, unbearded, seated ; the arms and legs wanting. Wood,
painted. Tombs of the Kings, Thebes.

Pectoral plate, on which is engraved, in blue outline, Amenophis I.
in a war chariot. Wood.

Pedestal of a statue, inscribed with the name and prenomen of
Amasis 11., 26th dynastjr, beloved of Thoth. Ebony,

Div. 3. A king walking ; on his head the urseated claft Bronze,

7 in. h.

K 3

198 GALLBftY OF ANTIQUrmSS. [fIBST EGtW.

A king, standing; his head encirded with a diadem, and on It a low
modius. The dr^ richly inlaid with silver. Stonze, 9| in. h.

Small statue of Phtahmai, hard and royal scribe of the tables of all the
ffods ; kneeling and holding a tablet with the prenomen of Rameses
II. or III. [SesoBtris], and various emblems. Dark grten steatitt,
3} in. h.

A king, walking ; in his left hand a short sash ; in his right a
crook. Soft stone, 5| in. h. Thebes,

Muntapt, Munthept, or Monthoph, standing ; on his left side his mother
Apu, and on his riffnt his wife Taut-pneb ? lyark stone. &^ in. h.

Lower portion of a priest, standing, holding a naos, in which is Osiris.
Of the time of the 26th dynasty. Green basak, 6} in. h.

A priest, kneeling, holding upon his head a bowl, in which are five
cakes of bread. Sronze. 5| m. h. Thebes.

Priests of libations, kneeling ; in the right hand of two a Tase, in the
left an altar. Bronze, 3} to 2^ in. h. One of these from Abydos.

Altar of libation, with vases, cakes, &c. At each comer m front,
a hawk ; behind, two cynocephali, having on their heads the disk of
the moon ; between them a figure kneeling. A frog with a hole
between his fore feet serves as a spout. Bronze. 2j^ in. 1., If in. b.,
1 in. h.

Nebra, a deceased scribe, standing, and holding before him a f^fure of
Osiris. The hair and frtces coloured. Cakareous stone. 9^ in. h.
Thebes.

SenofVenebmas, seated ; in his left hand a stem and flower of the
papyrus; at his right side a naked child placing^ a finger upon his
lips. Odcareous stone, painted, 8| in. h. Thebes.

A male figure, walking, in the attitude of offering. Bronze.
^ In. h.

A man, standing, clothed from the chest to the ankles. Basalt,
6 in. h.

Sevek-nasht, son of Eiao, walking ; in each hand a cylindrical roll ;
on his head a claft ; his name is inscribed before his right foot. Cal-
careous stone. 1 ft. 1^ in. h.

Male figure, seated ; before him an altar for libations, and a fiight of
stairs. Arragonite and calcareous stone. 7^ in. h. Abydos.

A similar fiffure, walking ; before his feet, a small fiight of steps.
Arragonite ana calcareous stone. 6J in. h. Abydos.

Msue figure, walking, on a plinth; head and right arm wanting.
Cakareous stone. 5iin. h.

A man, walking. Dark sandstone. 8^ in. h.

A male figure, walking ; on his head a conical cap, disk, and horns ;
a long sash descends from the apex of the cap to the feet. Bronze.
2} in. h. Thebes.

A male figure, kneeling; the head in a daft with lappets. Bronze,
2J in. h. Thebes.

A man, walking ; in each hand a cylindrical roll ; on his head the
claft, with lappets. Bronze. 4 in. h. Thebes.

A female, walking, holding a calf, slung round her neck, by its four
feet. Her right hand holds ah oryx or gazelle by the horns. Green
vitrified earth. 7^ in. h.

A female figure ; her right knee on a semicircular base ; her elbows

mOOM.] - BOYFTtAN ANTIQimiBS. 199

fasve been pkeed vprni two coknum, rising fron each end of the base.
SUaiite. 9 in. h.

A female lying on a couch in a long dose tunic ; her head on an
oiioIb or heaorest. A duld is plaoed transt«nely under her legs*
Gileurmu9 stone, 6h in. h.

A clothed female, lying upon a bier or conch ; on her head a pyni*
mkhl ornament. On her right, the naked finire of a child. The
figures are surroimded by the painted figure of an asp. CaleareouM

0(9M6. «7v in. 1.

Nubian female, kneeling and grincBng. CsATareout stene, 9 in. h«

Heacb and torsos of two females, supporting on their heads two mon-
key% turned back to back. Pdrceiam. 2)^ in. h.

A seated female ; the hair blue, in short rows of cutis. Calcareous
stone, gilt, 5 in. h.

A ^nnale, standing ; her hair disposed similarly to that of Athor, with
« fiUet round the heaicL Caicareouf stone, 5^ in. h.

A female^ standinff, with a girdle round the loins ; on her head a
cowl, and disk with holes around. Porcelain, 4^ in. h.

Namms, or head-dress, from the statue of a king; fillets terminating
in ursei. 3lue porcelain, df in. h.

An arm and hand bent, holding some object of offering. Bronze,
S in. h. Temple of Berenice. Presented by Sir J, O, Wilkinson, 1834.

Legs, hands, and arms. Wood. FVom 1 ft. 2^ in. to 4 in. 1.

Hands and arms, carved on one side only, and used for inlaying.
Poreehin and eon^osition, 3 to 1 in. 1.

Fragments of legs and arms from figures, inscribed with the names and
titles <? Ameno^is I. and III., Rameses II. and IX., from the temple
of Athor at the Sarabout EKKhadem, in the Peninsula of Mount Sinai.

Foot, and pair of feet. Bronze, 3 to j^ in. h.

Div. 4. Male figure, walkii^, with the shenti. Cakareous stone.
'1 ft. S in. h.

A functionary, walking, with long hair and a garment round the
loins. On the plinth two lines of hieratic. Ctdcareous stone. 1 ft.
4 in. h.

A bearded head, of the Greek or Roman epoch. Arragonite.
Presented by Sir J. O. WWdneon, 1834.

Head of Serapis, the red colour still remaining on the face. 4^
in. h. Calcareous stone,

Us-ha, standing, holding a taUet with an act of adoration to Ra.
Calcareous stone, 1 ft. 4 in. h.

Shamaruei, a sacerdotal functionary, seated by his sisfcer Tur-nefer ;
at ^e sides, his children. Calcareous stone, 1 ft. 4 in. h.

Fragments of a statue dedicated by a monarch to Athor, from the
Sarabut £1 Khadem. (jtreen hasak.

CASSS 14-^19. HOUSEHOLD FUBNITUKE, AND OTHER LARGE

OBJECTS.

IHv. 1. A ttooi, wi^ four lem, inlaid with ivory. The seat of a
maroon colour. Wood, I ft. 1^ in. h. Thebes.

A stool of similar form, coloured. Wood, lOf in. h. Thebes.

A srarilar stool; the seat of leather. Wood, 1 ft. | in. h., seat
1 ft. 2J in. sq. Thebes.

5X)0 GALLEBY OF ANTIQUITIES. [fI&BT EGYPT.

A high-backed chair, the back double ; the seat of platted cord, like
modem cane chairs. Wood, 2 ft. 4 in. h.» seat 1 ft. 3 in. sq., 1 ft
J^in. h. Thebes.

A stool with four less moving on a bronze pivot, and terminating in
the head of a goose, mlaid with ivory ; the seat of maroon-coloi^ed
leather. Wood, 1 ft 9^ in. b., 1 ft. 11 in. h. Thebe».

A high-backed chair on lion-footed legs ; the back inlaid with darker
wood and ivory ; the spat of cord. Wood, 1 ft 1 H in. h. Thebra^

Supposed cubit, found in the Pylon of the king Horus at Kamak.
Presented hy A, C, Harris ^ Esq,, 1844.

Three-legged stools ; the seats concave; the legs curved outwards;
one has been coloured white. Wood. 1 ft. Mn. to 1 1 in. h. Thebe&

A square stool, the seat concave, formed of four flat bars ; the whole
covered with white fresco. Wood. 1 ft. 8 in. h. Thebes.

Rests for the head (uh). The legs of one are placed crosswise ;
of a similar one, the half only remains. Arragomte, calcareous stone,
wood. 10 to 5^ in. h. The last presented by Sir J. G, Wilkinson,
1834.

Upper part of head rest, with figures of Rhons-Kneph. Wood.
4in. h.

Head rest, with a fluted column ; in front the name and titles of Atai.
Arragomte, 6| in. h.

Head rest ; in front the name and titles of Mas-khar-hao. Wood.
6^ in. h.

Div. 2. A square seat, concave, covered with stucco, with a co-
loured border. Wood, 1 ft 5 in. sq. Thebes.

Three legs from a gal or couch, representing the fore and hind parts
of lions ; of a dark colour. Wood, 1 ft 8 to 1 ft. 6 in. h.

The fore foot of a similar couch. Wood. 1 ft.- 4^ in. h.

A similar foot; head of a cow. 1 ft. 4^ in. h.

Legs from chairs and stools ; one has the head of a ffoose ; anothei,
lion^s claws. Wood, tbony, jfc. 1 ft 5} in. 1., 3 in. \,

Cushion, stuffed with feaUiers of water-fowl. Linen, ] ft. 5 in. L

Two fi-aj^ents from the propylon of the brick pyramid of Dashour ;
one contains part of a royal cartouche. Calcareous stone. Presented
hy Col, Howard Vyse, and J, S. Perring, Esq,, 1840.

A cramp; on it the name of Seti-Menephtah I. (SethosJ.) B.c.
1604-1579. Wood. 1 ft. J in. 1.

Two cramps. Wood, 1 ft. 1 in. 1. Ramesseium at Thebes.

A cramp. Lead. 5 in. 1. Temple of Berenice. Presented by Sir
J. G. Wdkinson, 1834.

A small cramp, in a state of decomposition. Wood. 7 in. 1. Thebes. *
Presented by Sir J, G, Wilkinson, 1834.

Keys. Iron, 5 in., 4J in., 4^ in.. If in. h. Thebes.

A pair of hinges, with the basalt socket of the lower. Bronze, 7 in.
h., ll in. 1. Granite sanctuary of the great temple of Kamak.

A hinge. Bronze, 5 in. 1.

Capital of a column, with lotus flowers. Calcareous stone. 4} in. h.
Presented by Sir J. G, Wilkinson, 1884.

Small tiles, part of the inlaying of a door in a pyramid at Sakhara.
■Dark and blue porcelain. 2J in. to 1 in. 1. Three presented by CoL
Howard Vyse, and J. S, Perring, Esq., 1840.

BOOM.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 201

Pyramidal stand for a vase. Wood, 2 ft. 4 in. h. Thebes.

A stand with six legs, coloured white. Wood, 1 ft. 3 in. h.

The model, apparently of a house, square at the base, and slightly
converging towards the top, Calcareoiu stone, 3^ in. w.> 4. in d. at
base, ^ in. h.

The model of a granary and yard. At the end of the roof is a
covered shed, in which a man is seated. In the yard a female making
'bread. On one side of the kneading trough a hieratic inscription.
Wood. 1 ft. 10 in. h. Goumah.

A wig of human hair. From the upper part, which is curled, depend
long and tiehtly-plaited locks. Wigs of this description appear on the
heads of the female musicians in the fresco pamtings of this col-
lection, and on those of persons of high rank, i ft. 7} in. h. Tomb
behind the small temple of Isis. Thebes.

Basket in which the wig was contained. The sides are of the kash.
or writing reed ; the framework of sticks bound together by papyrus.
Reed, 1 ft. 3 in. h., 1 ft. 7 in. b., 10 in. d.

A three-legged stand or table. On it is painted the urseus coiled
upon the basket, and other objects, with a dedication for Pai-hri or
PhaViroupi. Wood. 1 ft. 8 in. h., 2 ft. 3 in. b., 18 in. d. Thebes.

Fragments, perhaps from a chariot. Wood. 1 ft. 6 in. w., 7 in. h.

Various other fragments of chairs, stools, &c. Wood.

Statue of Pasht, or Bast, dedicated by Amasis II., 26th dynasty.
Wood. Presented by the late Marquis of Northampton.

Div. 3. Circular tables or salvers. Arragonite, 1 ft. 7 in. dr., to
1 ft. 8 in. dr.

Pech-t or Pasht, lion-headed, walking. Wood painted with bitU"
men. 1 ft 6 in. h. Tombs of the kings, Thebes.

Num or Chnouphis, ram-headed, walking. Painted wood. 1 ft. TO
in. h. Tombs of the kings, Thebes.

Horus, lion-headed, wadking. Wood. 1 ft. 7J in. 1. Tombs of
the kings, Thebes.

Figure of a Pharaoh, standing ; on his head the teshr. Painted wood.
1 ft. 9 in. h. Tombs of the kings, Thebes.

Thoth, ibis-headed, walking ; much corroded. Wood. 1 ft. 8^ in. b.
Tombs of the kings, Thebes.

Num, Kneph or Chnouphis, ram-headed, walking. Wood. 1 ft.
8 in. h.

Isis or Nephthys, winged, standing, in profile to the right ; before,
part of a naos. Flesh gilded, hair and wings inlaid with porcelain.
Wood. 2 ft. 1 in. h.

Amset, Hape, Kebhsnauf, with human, baboon, and jackal heads,
walking. Wood. 1 ft. 9 in. to 1 ft, 8 in. h. Tombs of the kings,
Thebes.

The four genii of the Amenti, Amset, Hape, Tuaumautf, Kebhsnauf,,
mummied forms, each having his appropriate head, viz., human,
baboon, jackal, hawk. Wood. 1 ft. 4 in. h.

Tuautmutf and Kebhsnauf, mummied, and seated. Wood, 1 ft.
4J in. h. Tombs of the kings, Thebes.

Kebhsnauf, hawk-headed, mummied, standing. Wood covered with
bitumen. 1 ft. 6^ in. h. Tombs of the kings, Thebes.

i

5202 GALLEEY OF ANTiamTIEB. [FIRST EGYFT.

CA«B» 20, 1^. OBJSGVB OT D1UB9S AND I^OILIT.

Div. 1. A cap, of a single piece cut into netwoik ; at one coraer
a ring of ivory. LeeUher, 1 ft. b., 1 ft. 1 in. 1.

A workman's apron, with a small purse-shaped pocket at the right
side. Leather, 3 ft. 2 in. 1.

An Egyptian tunic, without sleeves. Linen cloth. 4 ft 3 in. L
Thebes.

Basket, in which the above tunic was contained, formed of platted
leaves of the palm tree. 8| in. h., 1 ft. 3 in. 1. dr. Thebes.

Basket, in which were round many of the shoes and sandals in
Div. 4. Pabn leaves, 1 ft.

Div. 2. Cases with four cylindrical holes, to hold sthem {s/ttbium),
a metallic colour for the eyelids; one with the name and titles of
Amenmes, a royal scribe. Wood. 4 in. h., H in. sq. at base.

Cases for sthem, in the shape of four cylinders united ; with styles
for laying on the colour. Wood. 3^ to 2^ in. K

Similiu' case, round it an invocation for Aahmas or Amasis, a
scribe. Green porcelain or vitrified stone. 2^ in. h. Memphis.

Cylindrical reed-formed case for sthem; in front, the name of
the lung Amenanchut or Amentuankh, and his wife Anchsenamen, Onkh-
sen-amoun or Amononkhsen. White porcelain. 6 in. h., i in. dr.

Cylindrical cases with inscriptions, carved, or traced in blade. Heed,
3| to 4 in. 1.

Cylindrical cases for sthem. Reed, wood, ivory, porcelain. 7 to
2} in. 1.

Case for sthem ; it represents a monkey standing erect, grasping with
both arms a cylinder, with its cover of wood. Ivory. 3f in. h.

Studs for the hair. ( See the mummy of Katb-ti, Case 00.) Ivory,
arragonite, porcdain. 2 to f in. dr., 2 in. to j- in. h.

Cases for sthem, in the form of columns. One has a hematite pin.
Porcelain, wood. 4 in. to 3f in. h.

Case for sthem, in form of the -head attire of Pnebto, the son of
Horus. Terracotta. 3^ in. h., 3^ in. b.

Small vase or bottle for sthem, in the shape of Rhons standing erect.
Wood. 4^ in. h.

Similar vase, in form of a naked Typhonian figure. ^\ in. h.

Fine pair of sandals, made of cord. 9 in. 1. Memphis. Presented
by Dr. Gideon Manteli, 1843.

Div. 3. Mirror; the handle in the shape of a lotus-sceptre, with
the head of Athor, the goddess of beauty. Bronze. 1ft. h., 1ft.
^ in. 1.

Mirror, the handle in shape of a tress of hair, with two hawks. Bronze.
5 in. h.

Mirrors, with handles of wood ; one terminates in the hawk head of a
deity ; the other, in a standard, with the right symbolic eye. Bronze.
1 ft. 1^ in. h.

Mirror, with ivory handle in form of a column. Bronze. 10^
in. h.

Mirror, with a handle of porcelain, in form of a lotus-sceptre ; on it
t*»ename of Mentuemha, son of Hekheth. Bronze, lOJin. h.

Mirrors, without handles. Bronze. 6J to 4 in. dr.

lElOOlt.] E6TFTIAN ANTIQUTTIBS. 20||

Cbrcular mirror, In form of a box with its cover. Bronze. ^ in. dr*

Yaaes for sthem. BataU, arragonUe. 4j- to 1^ in. h.

Covers from similar vases. Cnbareoitf ftone, f^c.

Vase for sthem, held by a kneeling youth. Dark green $teatite.
Si in. h.

Vase fbr sthem, having round the body a frieze of various tymbols.
Green porcelam, 2} in. h. Memphis.

Chinese vases, said to be founa in Egyptian tombs ; on one two
bats, on the other inscription in writing hand. Preeented 6y Sir J,
Gardner Wilkinson, 1834-42.

Pins for laving on sthem, or used as hair pins. Bronze, wood,
f^c. 6 to 9^ m. 1.

Similar pins having a bulb at one end only. Bronze, wood, bone,
ffc. 6^\o2k in. 1.

Pins» &c. , for the hair. Arragonite, ivory, ffc.

Combs ; one with a double row of teeth, another has the back ter-
nunaling in the head of a cow. Wood. 4^ to 2^ in. L

Shoes with round toes, ankle and fore straps ; most of them for
children ; they were found in the basket on Shelf I. in this Case*
See the mummy of a child in Case BB. Leather. 71 to 5} in. I.

Similar shoes, coarser and stouter; one with stitehed and cut oma«
ments. Leather. 10 to 9 in. 1.

Sandals of various forms and sizes, some with high peaked toes, as
worn in the 18th and 19th dynasties. Leader.

Div. 4» Sandals of various forms and sizes, some with rounded,
others with high peaked toes. Pahn leaves, papyrus, and wood.

CASES 22, 23. YASBS.

The relation of the various forms of vases to their uses is not easy
to determine ; some appear in the hieroglyphical texts to have been ap-
propriated to particular substances,— as wax, wine, liquids, &c. The
smaller and more elegant are supposed to have held unguents, perftimes,
&c., for the toilet ; me larger and coarser, domestic objects, as wine,
eatables, &c. ; others agun contain varnish, bitumen, &c. The follow-
ing appear most worthy of remark : —

Div. 1. Two vases, one having in front the prenomen Merenra, stand-
ard, and titles of a king prior to the 12th dynasty ; the o&er, those of
Re-Nofrekah, or Nepercheres, of an old dynasty, assumed by Sabaco,
first king of the 25th dynasty. Arraaonite. 8 to 5| in. h.

Div. 2. Vase, with the name of Noubemtech, a princess. Arra-
gonite. 4^ in. h.

Small vases in the shape of wine-glasses. Arragonite. 4j to 4 in. h.
Abydos.

Div. 8. Circular table ; on it eight vessels of various forms, all
inscribed with the names and titles of Atkai. Arragonite. 1 ft. 1| in.
dr. Abydos.

Slab, with the following objects:— two bottle and four crucible-
formed vases; a peculiar object, bifbrcate at one end; a piece of
basalt. Calcareous stone. 6| in. 1., 4^ in. d. Abydos.

Vase ; on the neck a female face. Arragonite. 9 in. h. Memphis.

Vases or cups in the shape of the shell Indina Nilotica. Arragonite.
5 to 4J in. 1. Abydos.

^04 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [fIBST EGYPT*

Cover of a vase, inscribed with the prenomen of Amenophis 11., of
the 18th dynasty.

Div. 4. A large vase, with the name of the king Un-cis or Hett"
nas; supposed by some to be Obnos or Onnos of the 5th dynasty.
Arragonite. 1 ft. 1^ to 8 J in. h.

Vase, mouth broken off, with name and prenomen of Thothmes
III. & in. h. Arragonite,

Vase dedicated by a monarch to Aa-hat, his deceased nurse. Arra-
gonite.

Diota, with flat three-handled cover; an inscription states that it
holds "8 hna and 6 parts." Arragonite, lOJ in. h. Lower Egypt.

Vase inscribed with the titles of Necho II., king of the 26th dynasty.

CASES 24, 25. VASES.

Div. 1. Bowls. One bears an inscription relative to Atai. BasaU,
compact feldspar, arragonite, §*c. 4J to 2f in. h., 115^ to 5| in. dr.

Jar-shaped vase conteuning the names and titles of toe Amounartais
queen of the 26th dynasty. Compact feldspar. 5 in. h.

Div. 2. Small flat vases or cups, in shape of the fish chsetodon.
Steatite, arragonite, 4J to 4| in. 1.

Lamp found near the pyramid of Reegah. Green porcelain. jPre»
sented by Col. Howard Vyse, and J. S, Perring, Esq., 1840.

Vases in the shape of the pine cone. Pottery. 4^ to 5 in. h.

Green vitrified vase, with name and prenomen of Thothmes I..
4 in. h. Steatite,

Vase, blue, with a pattern. Porcelain, or opaque glass. 3|in.b.

Vase, with two projections, perhaps intended to represent eyes.
porcelain. 6J in. n. Memphis.

Two small vases, resembling in shape those found in Etruria.
Porcelain^ or opaque glass. 4^ to 3 in. h.

Fragment of a vase or box, inscribed with the prenomen of Amasis-
II., 26th dynasty, and ornamented with winged animals, in Assyrian
style. Porcelain.

Small vase, with four handles. Porcelain, or opaque glass.

Small diota; one handle broken. Porcelain, or opaque glass,
4^ in. h. Memphis.

Small jug, richly ornamented ; a portion of the handle still re-
miuning. Porcelain, or opaque glass. 3| in. h.

Vase in the shape of the ibex, standing on a plinth ; the mouth of the
vessel on the back. Underneath, a small animal. Pottery, 2f in. h.

Vases in the shape of a hedgehog ; the aperture on the back; one
has before it a human head. Pottery, if in. h. Thebes..

Vases with long necks ; one with the neck twisted. Glass, 7^ to
2 in. h.

Various fragments of handles and other portions of vases, having on
them the names and titles of Thothmes III. and his sister the Queen
Regem Amenophis III., Rameses II. and IIL And the title of the
goddess Athor, mistress of the copper-mines. From the temple of the

5odde8s Athor at the Sarabout £i Khadem, in the Peninsula of Sinai.

Div. 3.^ ^ Large blue bowl : without, petals of flowers ; within, a
square divided into triangles, the alternate ones darker; in each

AOOM.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUJTlls. 20^

coraer a stem of five lotus and papyrus flowers, alternately. Potm
cdain. 10 in. dr.

Bowl; on it the names and titles of Rameses II. or IIL (Sesostris),
a band of flowers, and the calyx and petals of the lotus. Porcelain,
4 in. dr., 24 in. h.

Vases with flat circular bodies, and necks of lotus flowers, apes,
and 6skhs; on the lateral bands are invocations to Amoun, Pbtah,
Nefer-Atum, Khons, Neith, and Pasht. Porcdain, pottery, ice, 5\
to 3 in. h. Thebes. ^ 9 v

Various vases of polished terracotta.

Vase, or rather lamp in shape of a small bottle, with a spout; above,
six small circular holes. Pottery, 3i in. h. PresenUd by Sir J, G.
Wilkinson, l8Si, if ^

Double vases, connected together by the lip, handles, or body.
Painted pottery, 4^ in. h.

Div. 4. Fragments from vases ; one, which is fi-om Coptos, has
the figure of a hare traced on it ; on another is a spiral ornament.
JPottery, Presented by Sir J, G, Wilkinson, 1834.

Vase of libations ; on it various symbols. The body has an oval
bole through its centre. In front is a small spout, formed by the
neck and beak of a bh-d. Terracotta, 10^ in. h.

CASE 26. VASES, LAMPS, ETC.

Div. 2. Jar-shaped vase, with three small handles on the neck.
Painted pottery, 11 J in. h.

Bottle-shaped vase, with three small handles round the body ; be-
tween them tnree emblems of life, with human hsoids, in each a gom.
Painted pottery. lOJ in. h.

Div. 3. Four ampullae, each inscribed with a single line of hiera*
tic. Two have stoppers. Pottery, 6^ to 5^ in. h.

CASE 27. MUMMY COFFIN.

Inner coffin of Hametatf, prophet-priest of Amoun in Thebes.
The interior represents an astronomical scene, in which many of the
principal stars are personified by the goddess Ta-ur, Isis- Soub, the
planets, in boats ; with the progress of the sun, capture of the apophis,
prisoners bound, &c. On the lower half is Nutpe. See Mummy in
Case 69. Cedar wood.

Figure of Osiris, standing. The body and pedestal are covered with
invocations of the deceased Hametatf. In the plinth an excavation
with a cover, on which is the hawk of Sochari. Wood, 2 ft. h.

Hypocephalus of Hametatf; on it the boat of the god Kneph, or
Chnouphis, and the quadrifirons ram-headed seated type of Amoun-ra.
Linen, 6 in. diameter.

CASES 28, 29. BOWLS, CUPS, ETC.

Div. 2. Cups, on feet; with three holes in the lower part.
Terracotta, 3| to 2^ in. h.

Div. 3. Diota, having in front Typhon, brandishing his sword, of
grotesque proportions. Terracotta, 1 ft. 1 in. h.

99$ GALLERY OF ANHQOITIES. [FIRST EGY1»r.

CASES 90 — 32.

Div. 1. VBfie, in form of a female playing on the guitar; contains
gome visoous fluid. Bed pottery, 8^ m. h. Hiebes.

Vase, somewhat cylindrical, issuing from a flower, and decorated
with the feathers of Osiris and other symbols. Red pottery^ 6
in. k

Two stands for vases. Pottery, I ft. 4^ to 1 ft. 5| in. h.

Vase in the shape of a lamb lying d§wn. Pottery. 3| in. h., 4}
in. 1.

Vase in the shape of the fish latus. Pottery. %\ in. 1.

Vases in the shape of gourds, with short narrow necks. Upon
one is traced, "for An." Pottery. 6^ to 4| in. 1. Hiebes.

Vase, on each side Horns advancing. Pottery, 3^ in. h.

Div. 2. Bowls, with figures of Amoun-ra, Har, Atmou, Taihe,
Seb, Netpe, Osiris, Isis, Thoth, and Nephthys ; the bark of Ra, &c.
Popery. 11 in. dr., 3 in. h.

Div. 4. Lamps; having, some a toad in bas-relief; others an
eagle, the head of a boar, bunch of grapes, two children, palm
leaves, ornaments; on one is BtoXoyta. &tdu XH'^* ^^ another mit
aytw Ku^saxos, [lamp] of the Holy Cyriacus. Terracotta. 5 to 3 In. I.,
If to I in. h.

CASES 33-.-35b VASES OF BRONZE, AGRICULTUAAL IUPJMMEST8,

VIANDS, ETC.

Div. 1 — 2. Bucket. Inoutline,l. Osiris-Tattou, Isis, and Nephthys,
"pouring libations to the soul of the deceased, Petamoun ; 2. Petamoun
seated on a chair, beneath which is a cynocephalus. His son Presh-
khons, or P&har-khons, ofiers him a libation and incense. On the
base are the calyx and petals of the lotus. Bronze. 1 ft. 3 in. h.
Thebes.

Similar bucket: 1. Har, a deceased priest of Amoun, adoring
Oaris, Har-si-esi, has, and Nephthys. 2. Har, seated by his wife
Tnofrebais, receiving offerings from his son Petamoun* Bronze, i
ft. 10 in. h. Thebes.

Similar bucket Osiris pethempamentes, seated; behind stand
Har-hat, Isis in a tree, and Nephthys. Before Osiris is a (jriest holdinff
incense, and pouring a libation upon an altar. The hieroffiyphieal
text contains adorations to the deities of Har-hat, for a deceased
Hameses, prophet-priest Above, is a band of stars. Bronze, 1 ft.
5\ in. h.

Small buckets, with subjects in bas-relief; an offisriqg to Amoun-ra,
Harsaphes, and other deities. Bronze, dg in. h.

Crucible-shaped vase, perhaps from an amshoir. Bronze. \\ in.
h., 3| in. dr. Presented by Sir J. G, Wilkinson, 1834.

Simpula. The handles terminate in the head and neck of a goose.
Bronze, 1 ft. 10 to 1 ft 1 in. h.

Oval cup or bowl, remarkable for its rich and continued sound
when struck. Bronze. 6 in. dr., 4 in. h.

Rectangular table, with a projection on two sides; in front the
name of Atai. On it are several vessels, apparently models of utensUa.

SO«M.^ EGYmAK ANTIQeiTm. SOT

The iMie is perfimted to recoive loiiie of the raitek. Bmu^
7 in. b^ 1 ft. ^ in. b., 7^ in. dr. Abydot.

Vase, which, from its inscription, appnn to hcvie been pkoed on t
similar table. Snmxt* 4j- in. h.

Fragment of circular bos, with bulls, Ice Brom9$, 5^ in. h^
3 in. Sr. • •

Lamps; the handle of one b formed by the head of a dog issuioff
frt>m a lotus calyx ; on the coTer of aootfaier is a jerboa. Srotae. 2{
to 1^ in. h., 4i in. L

Circular shallow vessels. Bronze, 4^ to 5 in. dr.

End of the handle of a censer^ amihoirf termiiiating in a hawk-head
and bust in shape of a cartouche held by a king kneeling. Bronze,

Two fragments inscribed with the name and titlei of Ta-har-ka, 25th
dynasty. jBronze.

Div. 3. Rectangular stand of two stages, composed of papyrus^
supported at each comer by a column of cane. On each is a small
duck, trussed ; and on the bottom circular cakes of bread. PapyruM
and cane. 8^ in. h., 9^ in. b., 6 in. dr. Private tomb at Thek e t.

Basket containing the fruit of the doum palm, &c 8 in. h.

Smaller basket wove in with colours, which has held fruit of tht
doum palm. B^ in. h.

Small oval basket which held fruit. 5 in. h., 7^ in. b.

fVuits of the doum and date palm, fig, grape vine, carthamiis, hegiyg
{persea), nebbek, ricinus, and pomegranate ; wheat ; barley ; tares.

Cakes of bread or biscuits, some apparently of barley. 6 in. 1.

Two palm branches; from the tombs. Presmiiedby Mrs, Andrewi*

Div. 4. Horn of a cow or ox.

RoUs of prepared leather, of a maroon colour. 1 ft. 3 in. to 7 in. 1.

Bitumen, and materials with which the mummies are embalmed.

Fragments of leaves of die papyrus, from a box or basket.

Roll of fibres of palm leaves or cane.

Blade of a sickle, fractured in three pieces, oom^letely ozydized
throu^out. Traces of the wooden handle into which it has been fitted
are visible unon the end. Iron, 11 in. dr. Found by Belzoni under
a statue at Kamak.

Pick-axe used in agriculture, of a single piece. Wood, 2 ft. 1.

Hoe, the blade of which is f^tened by a cord of fibres of the palm.
Wood, 1 ft. 10 in. h.

' Yoke, witii a knob at each end, to retain the leather straps, one of
which remains. Acacia wood. 3 ft. 6 in. 1.

Eight steps of rough wood from a rope kdder; rope of the same
ladder made of fibres of the palm; frmnd in the tomb of Seti L
(BefaEoni^s tomb. ) Wood, 1 ft. 6 in. 1.

Pair of tassels of fibres, united by a cord of the same material*
Pabn leaves, 5 in. 1.

Specimen of rope made of palm^leaf fibre. Presented iy Mrs»
Andrews.

CAS£S 36, 37. FEAGMENIB OF TOHBB, WRAP OKS, ETC.

Div. I. Rough sdck with a curved tooth. Wood, 3 ft. 8* in. L
Sticks, forked at one end. Wood. 4 ft. 7 in. 1., 2 ft. 3 in. 1.

208 GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [fIRST EGYPX.

Staff, with the name and titles of Pimouimen. Wood.

Staff, with an invocation relative to Bai, son of Pitenro of Memphis,
who is said on it to have accompanied the king to the land of Neharaa
4>r Mesopotamia. Ebony. 2 ft. 1 in. 1.

Cylindrical stick, tenninating like the gom. On it is the name of a
caperintendent of the boat of Amoun. Wood. 5 ft. 3 in. 1.

Head and end of a sceptre (gam). The former has been supposed
to be that of the koucoupha or hoopoe. Wood. 5 in. 1.

End of a sceptre (gam)) Bronze.

Blade of a war-axe, inscribed with the name of Thothmes IIL
^ronze.

Div. 2. War^axe, the head of bronze, riveted into a hollow handle
of silver. 2 ft. j^ in. 1.

War.axe, the blade, which is of bronze, has a horseman galloping
to the right, in open work. Wood and bronze.

Daggers, the handles of ivory and silver ornamented with studs.
JSronze. 1 1 in. to 9} in. 1.

Sheath of a dagger, which has been gilt Wood. 11 in. L

Bows of small size. Wood. 4 ft. 9 in. to 3 ft. 6 in. 1.

Heads of small spears or javelins ; one has hieroglyphics on each
^ide. Iron, bronze. 7 in. to If in. 1.

Arrows, with blunt tips ; some have flint heads. 2 ft. 8} in. 1. , 2 ft.
4 in. 1.

Triangular-shaped arrow-heads. Bronze. d§ to 2ijn. I.

Three bladed arrow-head. If in. I. Presented by L>r. C. Leemans,
1836.
* Fowling-stick, with a knob at one end. Wood. 3 ft. 1.

Flat rib-shaped fowling-sticks. 3 ft. 8 in. to 2 ft. 1.

Hollow cylinder, with the titles of the king Apappus or Phiops,
6th dynasty. Bronze. 2 in. h.

Small knives, the blades of bronze, the handles of agate or hema*
tite. 4J in. b., 3Jin. 1.

Blades from similar knives. 4j- to 3^ in. 1.

Similar objects from the Sarabut el Khadem.

Species of knife with lunated blade, the odier end terminating in
the fore part of an ibex wearing an 6skh inlaid with gold. Bronze.
b^ in. 1.

Blade of a knife ; on one side the name and titles of Phtahmds.
Steatite. 4| in. 1.

Fragments of flints cut for arrow-heads or knives. SUex. 4 to f
in. 1.

Stick inscribed with the name and titles of Neferbes, a functionary.
Presented by G. VuOiamy, Esq.

Fish-hook. Tomb at Thebes. Presented by J. S. Perring, Esq^

Div. 3. Club or staff, in which are inserted a number of wooden
pikes. Wood. 2 ft. 6 in. 1.

Rope, with knots at equal distances. Presented by Sir J. G. Wilkin'-
son, 1834.

Handles of fans. Wood. 1 ft 6 in. to 1 ft 5 in. 1. One pre*
sented by Sir J. G. WUkinson, 1834.

Pair of paddles, from the model of a boat, terminating in heads of
jackals. Wood. 2 ft. 4} in. 1.

EOOM.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 209"

Mast and stays from the model of a boat. Wood. 3 ft 3^ in. 1.

Curved piece of wood, the ends united by a rope ; the fulcrum of
a lever. 8i in. 1. Presented by Sir Jl G, Wilkinson, 1834.

Heads of spears for spearing crocodiles ; one with crocodile, another
terminated by a lion-neaded rod, another by a hawk-headed rodr
under which stands the god Ra, another by the head of the koucou-
pha. Bronze, 8 to 4j^ in. h.

Head of a sceptre in shape of a cat, emblem of the goddess Bast
(Bubastis). Bronze,

Div. 4. A cuirass and helmet, made of the skin of the crocodile, and
found ixi the tombs of Man&loot Presented hy Mrs, Andrews, 1846.

CASE 38. COFFIN, BOARDS, ETC.

Coffin of Ataineb, a foreigner, in the form of a mummy; the face
green, on the breast is Netpe, between Isis and Nephthys ; beneath,
the judgment scene of the Amenti, and the deceased introduced by
Thoth to the various deities to whom belong the different parts of his
body ; on the upper part of the feet are two jackals. On the sides,
Isis, Nephthys, the standard of Osiris ; the deceased adoring various^
deities; the mummy of the deceased supported by Anubis. At the
back is Osiris Tattou, and Meui; above his head the boat of
Chnouphis, &c. Wood. 6 ft. h. Presented by his Majesty Kingi
George III.

Rectangular board prepared with stucco. On it a figure of Thoth-
mes HI. seated, holding a mace and staff. This part of the board
is squared to faicilitate the operations of the artist. To the right a
chicken and seven arms. 1 ft. 3 in. h., 1 ft. 9 in. b.

Rectangular board, with hieratic inscription, invocation to Thoth.
On the reverse eight lines of hieratic. 1 ft. 5J in. b., lOJ in. h.

Similar board, with hieratic inscription.

CASE 39. INSCRIPTIONS, INSTRUMENTS OF WRITING, PAINTING, ETC.

Div. 1. Rectangular pallets, with grooves for the kash or small
writing-reeds ; the well for colour in one is in the form of an oval or
signet. Wood. 1 ft. 9 to 11 in. I., 2 in. b.

Pallet, with two kash, similar to the preceding; on it the name"
of " Phtahmes, superintendent of scribes," with several lines of hie-
ratic; those on the back are proper names. Wood. 1 ft. 4 in. 1.,
^ in. b.

Rectangular pallet, with two kash and two wells for black and red
colour; it is inscribed in hieratic on both sides. Ivory, 1 ft. 1.,
1^ in. b.

Rectangular pallet, with seven kash and two small wells in the shap»
of signets. On the upper surface is the prenomen and name of Ra-
meses the Great encircled by ureei. At the edges qf the groove in-
vocations to Thoth and the goddess of writing. Wood. 1 ft. 4^ in. 1.,
2 in. b. Thebes. Presented by Sir J. G. Wilkinson, 1834."

Div. 2. Colour box ; large circular well, and groove. Wood,
•9J in. 1. Thebes. Presented by Sir J. G, Wilkinson, 1834.

Fragments of colour, dark and light blue, red, and yellow.

210- GALLE&Y OF ANXIAUIXIES. [FIRST ^Ckinn^

Basket mhicdi held the above. Pidm Utaies, 7^ in. dr.

Basket ooataimng tbree bnuhea voMtie of fibrae of the pdm ; their
ends appear tinged wi& red oolour. Pahrn letnos, 9 in. dr.

Imiifiph^cu vase; the int^ior has apparently been gih, and
contains twelve balls of deep blue colour. Btrmzt, 4 in. dr. , 2j- in. h. '

Small sttfids, with nine or ten cnidbk^sfaeped vases, ^imforcdmm.
3 in. 1., 2 in. b., \^ to \\ in. h. ; one from Thebes. Presmied by Sir
J. Gardmer Wiikumm

Small slab, with four small jars having spouts, probabfy for colours.
Shtep^cdain, Ij- in. h.» 3 in. dr.

Thick slab, with eight exeavations, having &e appearance of a stand
with eiffht vases; probably for colours. Arragonite. 8 in. b., 3 in. d.,
5i in. n.

Rectangular slab, with cartouche-shaped well for colour, and a small
muUer or grinder. JBaamU, 4\ in. 1., 3 in. b., 1 in. h. Pre$mied
hy Sir J, G. WiikiMon, 1834.

Similar slab, flatty. J^te, 5 in. 1., 3 in. b., ^ in. h.

Mullers from similar slabs ; one fouad near the masonry of the dhreat
Pyramid, at Abooseer. BasaU^ wood, 3 to 2 in. h. Presented by
CoL Howard Vyse andXS. Perrimg, M$q., 1840.

Circular seal or stamp* the handle in the du^ of two lotus flowers ;
em the base, concentric circles of pellets. Stone, ^ in. dr.

Three seals, on the baae various ornaments. Stont or terracotta^
1 J to 1:J^ in. dr.

Rectuiffular seal, with a circular handle, on the base hiietoglyphics.
Stone. §^ in. 1., 2| in. h.

Seals, with impression of a jackal* and a bulL 1^ in, 1. Terror
cotta,

Trian^ar seal, on which is a peculiar ^nnbol. JBr&n»e. 1^ in. dr.

Oval impression of a seal* from a papyrus, with ^ pran^omen of
Amasis-Neith-si. Terracotta, \\ in. dr.

Seal, with name of Naihaarut, a monarch of the 29th dynasty. Clay,.

Three impressions of seals ; a head of Pa]laa» a sleeping dog, and
hieroglyphics. Terracotta. 1 to J in. dr.

Another with Ghreek (?) characters. Ltad, 1 in. dr.

Two slabs, with seven names of liouid substances^ below each ^
small well. One has the name ana tHles of Aftai. Arragomie,
5^ in. b., 2} in. h.

Div. 3. Cylindrical box for ink, with a. chain for the pen case^
the whole similar to the hieroglyphical symbol for scribe, or writing.
JBronze, 2J in. h. box, 6f in. h. case.

PugiUares, or folding wax tablets, for writing. A few lines of
Greek have been written with a style on one. With them ia a
short curved style and small iron signet. Wood. 9^ in. 1., 5 in< b.,,
^in. d.

Instruments ; broad blades with recurved handles; knives lunated at
one extremity and hooked aJt the other ; pair of pliers. Some of these
were found in the same tomb with the b<Mu^ in Case V. Bronsx,

Small bag, found wti^ one of the pnececSng instruments. Leather^
7J in, 1., 4f in. h.

Portrait of a Graaoo^Bg^^an female upon very thin woodw Cedar*
1 ft. ^ in. 1., 2J in. b.

BOOM.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 311

Fragmei^ poition of a calendar. Cakareom aUm$. 8^ in. b.»
6 in. D.

Fragnent, with seven lines of hieratie, commencing with a date of
the 7th year of Hoius (?) in the 5th line it another date of the first of
Payni, of the 2Ist jear of the reign of Amenophis II. Caloar$9u$
stone, I ft. 1 in. b., 6i in. h.

Moulds, with figures of Phtah, Ra, hippopotamic female deity, tym-
bolic eyes, cynooephali, nctim^ pymmidal hieroglyphic» kc., in intaglio.
Terracotta, 3 in. to |^ in. L

Div. 4. Fragments from the tomb of Sethos I. In fipont the arm
and anterior portion of the body of Ma or Thm^ and part of her
titles; before her are small hieratic cfaaracten. Calc^Moua stome.
Presented by Col T, P. Thompson.

Fragments from the tombs, exhibiting die mode in which the le-
pulchi^fr of the kings at Thebes are ornamented. Calcareous stone,

CASES 40, 41. BOXES, BASKETS, SPOONS, AND BRICKS.

Div. 1. Yarioiss inscriptions in tiie hieroglyphical, hieratic, smA
enchorial character. Calcareous stome,

Div. 2. Rectangular box, veneered with white and red ivory and
blue porcelain. Ebony. 5^ in. h., 7} in. b., 9 in. d.

Tali «e<!taBgular box, with lour short legs, and a cover moving on a
cylindrical wood hinge. Wood, 6| in. n., 5 in. b., 6 in. d.

Beetaagular box or basket, with a flat cover of the same. Papyrus,
1 ft. sq., 9i^ in. h.

Reetang^ilar box, with fr>ur legs, and curved cover ; salmon coleiured ;
on the top, the name and titles of Teh-kar. Wood, 10^ in. h„ ] ft.
^ in. L, 8 in. b.

Rectangular box, with a pyramidal cover. On it a Cupid holding a
flower, finches and water fowl; female figure, peihaps intended for
Venus, staadiag car leclining vri^ loose drapery. Veneered with ivory
and inlaid in parts. 9i in. h., 10 in. sq. Memphis.

Small boxes, one with diding cover. Wood, ^ to d| in. 1.

Bowl-shaped box vnth partitions. Wood. 61 in. dr. 8 in. h.

Fmgment of a box inscribed with the name of Pepi-set-heb^ a high
fimctionary. Age of 6th dynasty. Sycamore wood.

Panel and stud from a box, inscribed with the names and titles of
Amenophis III. and his daughter, the names anciently erased. From
Cairo. £bony, PresisUed by the Marquess of Northampton,

Small feur-fegged box with a vaulted cover ; i^ sides and top inlaid
with ivory stamped wil^ circular ornaments. Wood, ^ to ^ in. h.

Tall cylindrical boxes ; one contains a substance Uke flour. Wood,

5J to Sf in. h.

Portion of a similar box. Mmu 4 in. b. ^

Fragment, wiA a dedication to Anubis for royal bard and me bow-
bearer. Ebony, 9|in. b.

Long panel, on it the names and titles of Amenophis III. ( Memnon. )

Ebony, 11 in. 1. ■, nr j

Div. 8. Small vases or boxes; the tops and edges carved. Wood,

4f to4in. dr.,2itoliin. h. „r ^ « • .

Box in shape of a gourd divided lengthwise. Wood, 7 in. 1.

212 GALLEBY OF AKTIQUITIE8. [PiaST EGYPT.

Semi^cylindrical box with a sliding cover. On the sides and top
the ornament of an 68kh. • Wood. Sk in. !• to 2^ in. 1.

Circular, egg-, and cartouche-shaped spoons. Wood, 5j^ to 3| in. 1.

Shovel-shaped spoon, with handle. Wood, ^ij^* 1*

Spoon ; the handle formed by lotus flowers. Wood, 6| in. 1.

Spoon, with an egg-shaped bowl and movable cover. Ihe handle
represents flowers of the papyrus. Wood, I ft. 1. Memphis.

Spoons ; the bowls representing the shell Indina Nilotica, held by
a thumb and finger. Ivory t wood. 9i to 6 in. 1.

Spoon, with a similar l>owl, which the young Horns, standing upon
a lotus flower, supports on his head. Ivory d| in. h. Thebes.

Spoon, with bowl in shape of a cartouche, and handle representing
a gazelle. Within, two fish feeding on a water plant. Wood. 7 in. I.

Spoon or box in shape of a fish. Ivory. 6^ in. 1.

Box in shape of a water fowl ; the head of the bird is reverted, and
conveys to its back a small fish which two young birds of the same
species fly to devour. Ivory, 7 in. 1., 3 in. h.

Circular spoon ; on the edge a hawk, human hce, and a lion or
cynocephalus. The handle of lotus flowers. Wood. 5 in. 1., 34^ in. b.

Circular cup, with two cylindrical handles. Wood. 7} in. 1. , 3| in. b.

Spoons or boxes in the shape of geese swimming or trussed.
Wood,^ 2 J in. h., 5^ in. 1. ; 4J in, 1., * in. h.

Spoon; the bowl in form of' the fish latus ; a fox seizing it hy the
tail forms the handle. Wood. IQJ in. 1. Memphis.

Flat spoon, with two bowls in shape of cartouches ; the handle repre-
senting Onouris, holding the lion's tail in the left, and a dub or sword
in the right hand. In each bowl is a lump of wax of different colour.
Wood. 7 in. 1., 4 in. b.

Spoon, with circular bowl ; the handle in shape of the fish latus, with
papyrus flowers. Wood, 7J- in. h.

Spoon; the bowl pear-shaped; on the handle, Khons-Kneph be-
tween two stems of the lotus. On the head ornament two birds.
Wood, 7J in. 1. Thebes.

Div. 4. Reed from between the bricks of the walls of Sais. I ft.
1 in. 1. Presented by Sir J, G. Wilkinson,

Fragments of plaster, with a flower painted. Presented by the same.

Fragment of stucco, imitating syenite. 5 in. 1. Presented by the same.

Smoothing tools ; one has its own figure engraved on it. Wood,
9^ in. 1., 6^ in. 1., 2 J in. h.

A cylindrical box containing stucco. Wood. 4 in. h., 4 in. dr.

Brushes for colouring walls, of fibres of palm leaves. 7 to 5^ in. 1.

Stamp for bricks, with hieroglyphics, for the granaries of the temple
of Phtah. Wood. 8 in. 1.

Oval stamp, with the name of Amenophis III. Wood,

Fragment of fresco painting from the walls of a tomb, having part of
the figure of a king, oi females, and child, and inscription. Stucco,

CASES 42, 43. BASKETS, TOOLS, ETC.

Div. 1. Large oval basket. Palm leaves, 1 ft. 8 J in. dr., 1 ft.
7 in. h.

ftOOM.] KGYFTIAN ANTIQUITIBS. 21 S

Smaller oval basket 1 ft. 5^ in. dr., 9 in. h.

Mallets used by the E^rptians for hammers. Wood. \0^ in. to
1 ft. 2 in. h. One found m the masonry of the Great Pyramid at
Abooser. Presented by Col, Howard Vyse and J. S, Perring, JSsq,,^
1840. •

Long rectangular staves, inscribed with the name of Har-piphai,
Wood. 2 ft. 9 to 1 ft. 4^ in. I.

Bag, found in the larger basket. Leather.

Div. 2. Set of tools found in the same basket, consisting of —

Drill bow, 1 ft 7i in. L ; saw, 1 ft. 3J in. 1. ; drill, 10 to 9 in. 1. ;
'chisel, 10 in. L ; bradawl, 5k in. 1. ; horn for water or oil, 8J in. I. ;
hone, 5 in. 1. ; roll of prepared leather, 6 in. b. ; drill breast-plate^ 2^
in. 1. With this set was one of the mallets in Div. 1.

Another set of tools found in the smaller basket, consisting of —

Adze, 6f in. h., 8^ in. b. ; chisel, 1 ft. 1^ in. 1. ; drill, 9 in. 1. ;
bradawl, 44 in. 1. ; knife, 9i in. 1. ; axe-blades, 9^ to 3^ in. 1. ; handles
of tools, Sf in. 1. With this set was a mallet in Div. 1. The blades
of the preceding tools are of bronze.

Other tools or models : —

Chisels, lOj^ to 8^ in. 1. ; saws, 1]|^ to 11 in. L ; adzes, 6f in. h.,
7^ in. 1. ; hatchets, f ft. 6 to 1 ft. 5 in. 1.

The blades have been attached by linen bandages and an adhesive
composition. On the blades of the larger, and handles of the smaller
tools, is generally inscribed a line of hieroglyphics relative to Thoth-
mes HI.

Model of an axe or hatchet, painted. Wood. 1 ft. 7 in. 1.

Knife-handle. Wood, 4 in. 1.

Horn for holding water or oil. 4f in. 1.

Handles of tools. Wood. 8| in. to 7J in. 1.

Blades of chisels and other tocns. Bronze. 4} to 4^ in. 1.

Nails. Bronze. 4i to 1 J in. 1.

Mason*s chisel, found at the Sarabut el Khadem.

Hone, found at the Sarabut el Khadem.

Bradawl ; the iron blade of a late era. Wood. 4J in. 1. Pre^
sented by Sir J. G. Wilkinson, 1834.

Instrument twisted like a corkscrew, supposed to be used by em-
balmers. 10| in. 1. Bronze,

Tools or models, the peculiar use of many unknown. Several are
inscribed with the name and titles of Atai. Bronze. 5 to 2f in. 1.

Div. 3. Hands on handles or fore-arms ; one has the head of A thor ;
the others lotus flowers; their use unknown. Wood, ivory. 1 ft. 1^
in. to 7 in. L

Fragments of a gorget, on which are Typhon, Teoeri, lion*s head,
cameleopard, frog, and jackal-headed sceptre. Ivory. 6^ to 5 in. l.»
2J to li in. b.

Fragments of carving ; a person of high rank adoring Osiris. Woodi
S in. h., 5^ in. \.

Moulds, having figures of the bird Ben ; one has an enchorial in-
scription on its reverse. Calcareous stone. 5J in. sq., 1} in. th.,
4i m. b., 3 to 3J in. h., li to 1 in. th., 3^ by 3 in. sq., by 1 in. b.
One presented by Sir J, U. WUkinson, 1834 ; another by Iff, W-
Diamond, Esq., 1837.

814 GALLBB^Y OF ANTiqSTrnBS. [FIRST E&TTT

Pedestal from a small statue, bearing the name and tdie»dP Aimoun-
ra. In firont are the name and titles^of a queen Nei&akhor ( Nitooris)^
royal daughter of Psametik. Bronze. i\ in. L, 2 in. b., I^ in. h.

Pedestu, bearing the name and prenomen of Amasis-Nath^
Ebony, 2} to 1 in. b., 1 in. h.

Plates, pedestals, and fragments. Bronze, 4 in. L, 2 in. b., ^ in.
h.,-by } in. cube. ,J^

Rectangular plinths, with a leaf^aped smoother. Arra§emte.
1} in. b., 4^ in. h., ^ in. tlu ; \ in. b., 1^ in. h., \ in. th.

Plinth; on it, Amounemapt, a royal scribe, adoring Osiris. Blue
porcelain. 6^ in. h.^ 4^ in. b«

An oval dii^, with a seated female deity. Bronze, 2^ in. dr.

Handles or rails. From a tomb at Memphis. loonf^

Studs. Jvory and dark wood,

Div. 4. Flat square baskets, circular fragments of the bottoms of
baskets, oval covers, and other pieces^ some worked in colours*
Various sizes.

CASES 44, 45. BASKETS, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, PLAYTHINGS,

WEAVING TOOLS, ETC.

Div. 1. Oval, and cireukar baskets, covers, &c., of the fibres of the
palm, some worked in with ccdours. JPa/m leaves, 1 ft. 8 in. dr.,
9 in. h., to 6 in. dr., 3 in. h.

Div. 2. Sistrum ; the handle cylindrical, with the head of Atbor on
each side ; on it the head of Atnor, between lion-headed umi and
vultures, Pasht Merephtah, seated in anaos,with Meri-Mihi andMeri-Ras
holding sistra. These subjects are in outline. Bronze, 1 ft. 4^ in. h.
Temple of the Western lake, Kamak.

Handle of a sistrum ; at the top the segis of Athor between nrcei, and
a lion seated. Bronze, 8J in. n.

Sistra, the ends of the vrires.generaHy terminBting in the head of a
goose ; one has for its handle a figure of Khons Kneph ; they have
cats with kittens at the top. Silver, bronze, 9| to 8^ in. I.

Models of sistra. The bodies of those in porcelain are in tiie form
of a gateway. Wood^ porcelain, 5} in. 1. ; 11 in. to 2 in. 1.

A cat from a sistrum. Bronze, 2 in. 1.

Small bells ; one in shape of a head of Typhon or Baal ; another
has at the top the heads of Khons Kneph, Chnoupbis, Anubis, and
Merephtah. Bronze, f to 2^ in. 1.

The top of a bouni or harp, which has had 17 strings. Wood. 1
ft. 4 in. 1. Presented by Sir J. G. Wilkinson, 1834.

Small harps, of five strings. Wood, 1 ft. ^ to 1 ft. 5 in. h.

Small harp, borne, in piling, on the shoulder ; tbe body c ove r ed
with parchment; with four pegs and a bridge. Wood. 3-ft. 1., 16 in. b.
Theiee.

Portions of flutes from the Northern Brick Pyramid at Dashonr.
Beed. Pnesented by Col, Howard Vyte and J, S, Perrmg, JBsq.y
1840.

Small pipe, witbaeveM liole» burnt in ait the side, and two straws ft>und
with it Meed, 1 ft. SJin. to 8J in. I., gtraw 1 ft. 1 in. to 11} in. 1.

*oow«] HOYpnAW AmnQumzf. jl^

• F*ir of cymbalg, vaAted by a band of Hnm. Bronze, 5| in. A*.

Div. 3. Doll, terminating at llie thigfaa. The bead has lervral
holes, with pegs by which Ae hair has been attached. Wood, 8*in h

Kat doUs; one only has a head, wHb kmg^ hair of clay beads ; one
has on it the goddess Teoeri. Wood, SJ to 7 m. h.

Draughtsmen of varfoiis sizes, generally oonical, with gtobular tops;
one has the head of a ca* ; others are pyramidal ; under one is the
figure of a jackal. Wood, porcelain, ^e, Sio\ in. h.

Dice at uncertain time.

Ball, stuffed with chaff; others platted. Leather, pabn leaves.

2| in. dr.

Fish, the scales indicated by black paint. Wood, 4} in. 1,
Models of fruit, baHs, eggs, Sec. Poreekt&n, 3j^ to 1 in. dr,
Diy. a— 4. Lhien cloths of various sizes and slMuies, and of

different texture. Some have a selvage of blue lines. 4 ft. to 1 ft„

in. b.

Specimen of Egyptian linen bleached by the modem process, aad
portion of the original. 6 in. b. Presented by Mr, J, Bodd,

Portions of bandages from a GroBCO- Egyptian mummy, with leaden
seaJs, on which is a bearded head, of the time of the Antonines, and the
word Copros.

Skeins of thread, some dyed of a reddish colour.

Sjmidles and knitting neecHes. Wood, 9J to 9 in. 1.

Spimfles ; one has a base of plaster, on whidi is mscribed the qnsbol
" Ement;" others are wrapped in doth; and one is attached to a
skein of Aread. Wood. 1 ft. 1 in. to 10 in; 1.

Needles for sewing. Browse. 8 to 34 in. 1.

Hadtle for dressing flax or hemp. "Wood. 4 in. sq.

CASES 46 — 50. MUMMIES, COFFINS, ETC.

Div. 1. Mummy. On the head is a gilt' mask, and round the neck
a coloured 6ridi. 4 ft. 8i in. 1.

Mummies unrolled and wrapped up again.

Coffin, of which the cover and u(^r end is of a far earlier epoch
than Ihe sides. On it is a deceased priest in adoration to Osiris,
Anubis, Amset, Hape, Tuautmautf, and Kebhsnauf. In it is the mommy
of a child. Sycamore, 2 ft. II in. 1., 10 in. b., 1 ft. ^ in. h.

Small coffin, in which is the mummy of a child, covered with
painted Hnen, representing the iace of the deceased, Kebhsnauf and
Sioumautf, &c. 1 ft. 7^ in. I., 5^ in. b.

Coffin, containing the mummy of a child. I ft. 7 Jin 1., 5i in. b.

Div. 2. Sides of a coffin, covered with representations of deities ;
among which are the judgment scene, the burning pool of the Amenti,
aad the boat of the sun. Wood. 5 ft. 10 in* 1., 11 in. h.

Pkurt of the mummy-shaped coffin of king Mbn-ka-re, die My*
cerinus or Mencheres of the Greeks, builder of the third pjranrid.
Wood, 4 ft. 2 in. 1. Formd in the third pyramid hf €ol, Jaoward
Vyse, 1887, andpresnOed by him in 1888.

Part of a body, supposed to be that of king Men.ka«>re, found
in the third pyramid by Col. Howard Vyse in 16Si7. With a fit^^ent
of its woollen wrapper. Presented by Col. Howard Vyse, 1838.

L 2

216, GALLERY OF ANTIQUITIES. [FIRST EGYPT*

Skull, and part of a woollen wrapper, from the quarries at Mokattam.
Presented hy Dr. J. Bowring, 1838.

Mummies of children. 2 n. 8 in. h., I ft. 6 in. 1.

Cases for holding a foetus, in shape of Osiris Pethempamentes seated.
Wood and stone, ^'m. h.

Finger, sheathed in silver or silver gilt, from a mummy. 2| in. I.

Tress of hair in its bandages. Linen. 2 ft. 3 in. 1. Thel)es.

Mummied hair from the heads of men, in oval cakes. 6 in. 1.

Div. 3. Part of the lid of the coffin of Taihreri, a female ; on it
are depicted the judgment scene of the Amenti, the embalmment
scene, &c. In the interior are Netpe and the Hat. Sycamore. 4 ft.
3 in. h.

Mummy of Anch-sen-nefer; on it are the remains of beaded work,
a scarabaeus, the four genii of the Amenti, &c. (See Coffin, Div. 4.)

5 ft. 1 in. 1.

A small coffin, with its cover, containing the mummy of a Grseco-
Egyptian child ; in an external wrapper, with a representation of the
deceased. On the cover a viper and wreaths. At the bottom of the
chest, Nutpe. Wood. 2 ft. 8 in. 1. mummy, 3 ft. 1 in. coffin.

Upper part of the coffin of Iriouirooui, son of Harsaphes, in the
form of a mummy ; on it dedications to Osiris and Phtah- Socharis-
Osiris. Wood.

Mummy of Amouniriou, a functionary of the court of the queen
Amenartais, the exterior covered with a network of blue porcelain
bugles, &c. 5 ft. 7 in. 1. ( See coffin, Div. 4. )

Hypocephalus with Chnouphis quadrifrons, and other deities. Linen.
Presented hy Sir J. G. Wilkinson, 1834.

TesserflB from Grseco- Egyptian mummies, with figure of Anubis,
and with inscriptions relative to Heras, Theand, and Harpocration.
Wood.

Div. 4. Collar, usch, from, the outer covering of a mummy.
Linen covered with painted stucco. 1 ft., dr., 10 in. h.

Inner coffin of Anch-sen-nefer, daughter of Khonsm6s, in the form
of a mummy, having a head-dress with vulture plumes. On it are the
hawk of Noumra, Nutpe, the standard of Osiris, the embalmment scene^
Osiris, Thoth, the four genii of the Amenti, deities, &c Wood.

6 ft. 4 in. 1.

Inner coffin of Amouniriou ; the scenes upon this coffin very nearly
resemble those on the last 6 ft. 1.

Fragment of the lid of the coffin of a female, consisting of the bust ;
coloured. Terracotta^

CASES 52, 53. ANIMAL MUMMIES.

Div. 1. Mummies of cynocephali or do^-headed baboons, animals
siwred to loh-Thoth and Khons-ioh, and chiefly worshipped at Her-
mopolis. 1 ft. 8 in. h., 1 ft. 7 in. h. Thebes.

Div. 2. Head of the cynocephiJus. 8J in. 1. Thebes.

Mummies of jackals or dogs with long, upright ears, emblems of
Anubis. 1 ft. 3 in. to 1 ft. I J in. h. Thebes.

Head of a dog, animal sacred to Anubis, enveloped in bandajres.
7^ m. h.

BOOM.] EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 217

Head of a dog, unrolled. 5^ in. h.

Div. 3. Mummies of cats. The male was the emblem of the sun ,
the female of Pasht or Bubastis, the lion and cat-headed deity. 1 ft.
9 in. to 1 1 in. h. Thebes.

Wooden case, in shape of a cai seated on a pedestal. One contains
a mummy of that animal. 1 ft. h.

Cats, unrolled. 1 ft. 8 in. to 1 ft. 10 in. 1. Thebes.

Figures of cats, emblems of the jfoddess Pasht or Bast; found in
the cat mummy -pits at Abouseir. Bronze.

Pedestal of a cat, in shape of the hieroglyphical name of Bast, the
goddess to whom cats were sacred ; found in the cat mummy-pits at
Abouseir. Wood, Presented by A, C, Harris, Esq.

Various fragments of cats.

CASES 54, bS. ANIMAL MUMMIES.

Biv. 1 — ^2. Mummies of bulls, consisting of the head and some of
the principal bones. On the forehead is the triangular mark of Apis»
to whom all cattle were sacred. 1 ft. 7 in. h., 1 ft. 11 in. 1. ; 1 ft.
^ in. h., 2 ft. 4 in. 1. ; 1 ft. 6 in. h., 2 ft. 6 in. 1. Thebes.
. Heads of gazelles, impure animals, emblems of Typhon and Ty-
phonian divinities. 9^, lOJ to 11^ in. 1. Thebes.

Div. 3. Mummy of a "^small ram, sacred to and emblem of
Amoun-ra ; only the head and some of the bones are preserved. 1 ft.
1 in. h., 1 ft. 8 in. 1. Thebes.

Heads of rams, unrolled, or in bandages. 1ft. 1 in. 1.

Mummy of a lamb. 11 in. h., 1 ft. 2 in 1. Thebes.

Head of a sheep.

CASES 56, 57. ANIMAL MUMMIES.

Di^. 1. Mummies of the ibis. I ft. 9 in. h.

BLv. 2. Mummy of the black ibis, and two eggs. 1 ft. 1^ in. 1.
Presented by Sir Jr. G. Wilkinson, 1834.

Bones of the ibis. Presented by Sir J, G. Wilkinson, 1834.

Mummies of the ibis, 1 ft. 3 to 9 in. 1.

Div. 3. Mummies of the ibis, 1 ft. 9 in. 1.

Eggs of the ibis. 2j- in. 1. Presented by Sir J. G, Wilkinson,
1834.

Div. 4. Conical pots, with their covers, containing mummies of
the ibis, sacred to Thoth. Red earthenware. 1 ft. 4 in. 1. Sakkara.

CASE 58. ANIMAL MUMMIES.

Div. 1. Mummies of crocodiles, emblems of Sevek or Sabak ; one
has been unrolled. 1 ft:. 5 to 1 ft. 6 in. 1. Thebes.

Div. 2. Mummies of snakes or siluri, emblems of Isis, in shape
of cakes with maeander patterns.

Div. 3. Mummies of snakes in the form of oval cakes. 1 1 in. to
4 in. 1.

Rectangular case with a lizard at top and two small rings ; in it was

918 QALUMS <iw ANnaocriES. [first-egxrb*

found the skeleton of the small snake lymg bmt U. S^ai.(I. Bnmze,
Tikebes.

Rectangular case with a hawL'headed ursus snake on ths tap, vhio^
has held some animal mummy. 7| in. 1. Bronze,

Div. 4. Snake mummies Wdaged in shape of oval oakea.

CASE 59. COFFIN^ ETC.

CoflBn of Irioui, in the fonn of a mummy. The subjects on it
are similar to Uiose on the coffin of Ataineb in Case 38; at the
back is a figure of Athor. 6 ft. 6 in. h. Bequeathed by CoL WUham
Lethieullier, a.o. 1755.

CASE 60.

Div. 1 — 2. Mummies of snakes bandaged in shape of oval cakes.
Diy. 3. Mummies of snakes bandaged in shape of oval cakes.
Mummies of fish bandaged, and some unrolled.
Div. 4. Mummies of Siluri, or bayad fish, -with their bandages.

CA8E8 ^1, 62. BRICKE.

Div. 1. Bricks from the Pyramids of Ill^dioon, of Howara, and
the Northern and Southern Pyramid of Dashour. C%. Pre§efUed by
Col. Howard Vyse and J, S. Perring, Esq., 1840.

Brick of sun-aried clay and straw, stamped with the prenomen of
Thothmes I. of the 18th dynasty. Presented by Lord Prudhoe,

Div. 2. Five similar bricks, stamped with the prenomens of Thoth-
mes III., and Amenophis II., 18th dynasty, and an illegible prenomen.
Presented by the same.

Div. 3. Five similar bricks, stamped with the prenomens of Thoth-
mes IV., Amenophis III., and Rameses II. Cltnf. Presented by the
same, and by Sir J. G. Wilkinson, 1831.

Div. 4. Three similar bricks, stamped with the prenomens of
Rameses II., 19th dynasty, and two others, with the name of Pa-ren*
nefer, a priest Presented by Lord Prudhoe.

CASES 63, 64. FRAGMENTS OF COFFINS, PALLETS, ETC.

Mask from a coffin, inlaid with bronae. Wood. 8^ in. L

Various fragments of the decorations of coffins, mummies, &c.

FVagments from the feet of coffins ; on them is the bull Apis, bearing
onfals back a male mummy. Wood, 9 in. b., 7j- in. h. PrmeMedby
Sir J. G, Wilkinson, 1834.

Fragments of fsices j&om the coffins of mi^nmies. Wood. 9\ to
5| in. h.

Beards from the same ; one short and square. Wood, -6 to 1^ in. h.

Feet from a mummy ooffin. Wood, 6| in. 1.

Hand from the outer covering of a mummy. Wood. 6 in. I.

Hand from a coffin, holding a cylindrical roll; a line of hieratic
extends acroas its back. Wo^ 1\ in. L

Lower part of the outer covering of a mummy. On it are feeU
sandals, featheied 'Ornaments, &C. lUnen. 9 in. b^ 9} in. iL

] aoYniAir ANnQtrrriEB. 219

Piece of the covering of a mummy, taken -from the back, covered
with rtucoo, and painted white with red stripes. Linen, 1 ft. 4 in. h.

Sepulchral sandals ; one of papyrus, with part of a Greek inscription ;
ABOtber has a ^gaie of a foreigner bound hand and foot, with an in-
floription relative to all the enemies of the deceased being under the
sandals. Linen,

Dir. 2. Sepulchral tablets, of Teb-a, adorations to Num-ra in his
boat, Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, Anubis, &c. ; of Petamen, high priest of
AmmF-ra, adorations to Num-ra in his boat, Ra, Atum, Osiris ; of C/ioA-
bat-ra (Apries), adoring Nura, Osiris, and various deities; of Ta-
au , , . Si priestess of Amen-ra, adoring Ra or the sun ; of BasUas^
anch, a female musician.

CASES 65 — 76. MUMMIES, COFFINS, ETC.

Case 65—1. Mummy of Pefaakhons, sumamed Anch-hun-nefer,
or Onkhouonnofre, auditor of the royal palace, in its case. On tiiis
mummy are Osiris and the four genii of the Amenti, the hawk of Ra,
Isis, Nephthys, Selk, Neith, Anubis and the bull Apis; about period of
26th dynasty. 5 ft. 6| in. 1.

Case 65—2. Mummy of Penamoun (coffin in Case D. ), priest of
Amoun, in its bandages ; on it an uskh and pectoral plate with deities,
&c, 5 ft. 6 in. L

Case 65 — 8. Outer linen case from the mummy of Harouonkh ;
the figures nearly similar to those on that of Pefaakhons (1.) 5 ft.
10 in. 1.

Case 66 — 1. Coffin of Ta^henem. On it is the deceased
wordbipping Osiris, Anubis, the four genii of the Amenti : and various
deities. On the feet Apis bearing a mummy. Wood. 5 ft. 9 in. 1.

Case 66 — 2. Mummy of Ta^henem ; on the exterior a network of
bugles, and a scarabseus with extended wings in beads.

Case 67 — 1. Mummy of Katb-ti or Kotb-ti, priestess of Amoun, in
its bandages. On the head the mask of the deceased, with the face
gilded, and two ivory studs attaching the hair. The hands and arms
are modelled in wood, the former covered with models of rings and
bsmcdets, one of which has the shell Trochus Pbaraonicus ; on the body are
a pectoral plate with Anubis, and a copper model of a mummy. The
hair is exhibited in trays at the side of tne coffin beneath. 5 ft. 6| in. 1.

Case 67—2. Coffin of Kotb-ti, in shape of a mummy ; each hand
is repreaoited holding a nosegay ; on it Anubis, Isis, and Nephthys,
Thoth, and on the chest Nutpe. Wood, 6 ft. 2^ in. 1.

Case 68. Coffin of Har, incense-bearer of the abode of Noum-ra ;
the principal objects depicted on this coffin are the judgment scene
of the Amenti, Osuris mummied in the form of a Sphinx l3ring on a
bier, and various inferior deities. In the interior of the lid is Socharis-
Osiris, and in that of the c^est, kb; two decapitated figures at the
soles. Wood. 6 ft. 1 in. 1.

Case 69 — I. Mummy of Har-net-atf, Theban priest of Amoun,
enveloped in its outer linen covering, coloured blue, with gilded
figures of divinities, and scenes of -the great funeral ritual ; on the feet
Viatic captives, &c. 5 ft. 7f in. 1.

Case 69'— 2. Coffin of Pi^rothar-naaoubsh, incense-bearer of the

220 GALLERY OF ANTIQUIT1£8. [FIRST EGYPT.

temple of Khons, containing a mummy; on it are represented the
judgment scenes, and most of the principal sepulchral divinities; at
the sides the car of Athor and other divinities. Wood 6 ft. 7^ in.l.

Case 70 — 1. Mummy of Har-em-hbai, in its outer covering, on
which various divinities are painted in diflerent colours. Some are
partly gilded. 5 ft. 5^ in. h.

Case 70—2. Inner coffin of Nentef or Enlntef, supposed king of
the 8th or 11th dynasty. The lid has been gilded, and is ornamented
with the wings and tail of a vulture. Fragments of the exterior band-
ages, having hieratic inscriptions, are exhibited at the sides. Wood
6 ft. 4 in. I.

Case 71 — I. Mummy in its bandages, much decayed, and the feet
broken off; on it is bead>work, representing a scarabseus, emblem of
stability. Sec., with strings of coloured bugles. 4 ft. 7^ in. 1.

Case 71 — 2. Mummy in its bandages, the mask gilt; on it Netpe^
Osiris-Tattou, the four genii of the Amenti, the embalmment of the de-
ceased by Anubis, and Isis mourning. 4 ft. 10 in. 1.

Case 71—3. Mummy in its bandages; on it a net of bugles and
beads, and a piece of painted linen, representing the embalmment scene,
frith several deities. 5 ft. 2^ in. I.

Case 72 — 1. Mummy in its bandages, of a light brown colour;
the upper part is covered with a layer oi pitch. 5 ft. 4^- in. 1.

Case 72—2. Coffin of Ten-en-amoun, a Theban incense-bearer;
The face is of dark wood. On the body are the representations of
Osiris, Isis, and Nephthys, the bull of Phtah-Socharis, the cow of Athor,
&c. 6 ft. 4| in. 1.

Case 73 — 1. Grseco- Egyptian 'mummy in its bandages; on the
neck is a peculiar pectoral ornament consisting of gilded wooden
figures of different symbols and divinities. 5 ft. 6 in. 1.

Case 73—2, 3. Coffin and mummy of Khonsaouankh, sacer-
dotal ftinctionary and scribe; the face gilded; on it the deceased
adoring the king Amenophis I. The mummy lies in the chest, en-
veloped in linen, which has been gilded and decorated with the
usuad representations, and subsequently covered with pitch. 5 ft. 9
in. 1.

Case 74 — 1. Mummy of a Grseco- Egyptian youth, in plain band-
ages ; over the face is placed the portrait of the deceased, full faoed^
upon a thin piece of cedar. 5 ft. 1 1 in. 1.

Case 74—2, 3. Coffin and mummy of Ankhhapl, a sacred
musician. The coffin, which is of the Roman era, has on it the
mummy of the deceased in a boat, with Isis and Nephthys, and the
standard of Osiris in a similar boat with Isis, Nephthys, Harsiesi, Thoth,
Thm^i, &c 6 ft. 1., 1 ft. 8 in. b., 1 ft. 6 in. h.

Mummy of AnkhhapS in its bandages ; with it are a pair of bronze
cymbals. 5 ft. If in. 1.

Case 75—1. Mummy of a Greco-Egyptian or Roman ; on the
carving is the portrait of the deceased in a toga, and network dress>
deities, &c 5 ft. If in. 1.

Case 75 — 2. Coffin of Tphous, daughter of Heraclius Soter and
Sarapous of Thebes ; at the foot a Greek inscription recording that she
was bom 12 Athyr, 5th year, died 20 Tybi, 11th year, was buried 12
-Athyr, 12th year of the reign of the Emperor Hadrian ; on it the de-

^ I

BOOM.] SGYFTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 221

ceased adoring Oshris, Anubis, and genii of the Amenti. On the bot-
tom Nutpe. 4 ft. 9j in. 1., 1 ft. 71 h., 1 ft. 9 in. w. Sycamore
wood*

Case 76—1. Mummy of Maut-em-men, priestess of Amoun, swathed
in such a manner as to exhibit the whole form, the back of the head
and extremities of the feet. 5 ft. 7 in. 1.

Case 76—2. Mummy of the Roman era, in its bandages. On
the outer covering is a figure of Osiris Pethempamentes &ll-faced.
^t the sides of the head are Isis and Nephthys kneeling. 5 ft.
6. in. L

Case 76—9. Mummy of a female named Cleopatra; on its ex-
terior wrapper is a disk in a boat, Ra, Anubis, and the four genii of
the Amenti, Sec. In the bandages at the side of the head is a comb.
5 ft 7 in. 1. (Coffin in Case 77.) Goumah.

CASES 77 — 89. COFFIN, OBJECTS OF ATTIRE, SEPULCHRAL
ORNAMENTS, AMULETS, ETC.

Coffin of the same Cleopatra, of the family of Soter. On the exterior
are tiie judgment scenes before Ra and Osiris, and the inferior genii,
guardians of the halls of the Amenti. . Inside the cover is a Greek
zodiac, and the heaven. Wood, 5 ft, 10 in. L, 2 ft 1 in. b., 1 ft.
1 1 ^ in. h.

Cases 78 — 80. Sepulchral tablets ; of Atp-amen adoring Ra and
Osiris; of Nehemsrata, adorations to Osiris, Isis, Nephthys, Horus
Athor, and Anubis ; of Psharchons, a priest, adorations to Osiris, Isis,
Nephthys, and four genii; with blank space for the name, adorations to
Num-ra in his boat, Osiris, and other deities ; of Taheb, a priestess of
Amen-ra, adorations to Osiris, Isis, Nephtiiys, and the four genii.
Wood.

Case 81. Rings with a break in the circumference, probably ob-
jects of attire, but their precise application unknown. CarneUan,
jaspeTf composition, ivory, ^c.

Ear-rings, and pendants from ear-rings; bracelets. Gold, silver,
"bronze, porcelain, glass,

Siffnets set with amulets or scarabsei ; some bear the prenomen* of
Thotnmes III. (Moeris), one, that of Rameses VII. or IX. ; those of
iron are of the Greek period. Gold, electrum, silver, bronze, iron.

Finger rings, some in open work, with figures of deities, &c. ; on
the faces of several are the prenomen of Amenophis III., the names
of Amentuonk, Amoun-ra, &c., one of gold of the Ptolemaic or
Roman time, with Serapis, Isis, and Horus. Porcelain, ivory, mother
of pearl, cameKan, bronze, ffc.

Case 82. Necklaces, bracelets, pendent ornaments, beads, &c. ; one
necklace has pendants in the form of the lock of Horus, fish, and cow-
ries, with a cowrie-shaped clasp ; another has flat beads representing
deities, symbols, &c. ; and a tnird, blue spherical beads capped with
silver. Among the pendants are an segis of Pasht, a soul, and the
shell Indina Nilotica. Gold, camelian, jasper, amethyst, Egyptian
emerald, ffc.

Case 8S. Various specimens of Egyptian glass.

L 3

282 GALUiaY oj AKTiQiuTiJSS. [first BtttYne.

Cases 84—86. Sepulchral tablets; of a deceased adoring Ra; «f
Heptamen, daughter of a priest, adoring Ra and Osiris^ of Neapaha^
a cook and butler, of Thebes ; of Nastar, a priest, adoring the sun ; ij£
a priest of Amen-ra, adomg the same ; of Nebacaen, a jpdge* and his
i>rother, adoring the ram of Num-ra ; of Kaa«an«4bemu, <with scene ^
the embalmment of the dead ; of Nehems-ra^ta, a female, adoring the
bark of Nam*ra, Osiris, ^and Uis ; a deceased adoring Atum.«nd Osiris.
Wood.

Case 87. Pectoral plates; many are in the shape of a propyloo,
having a scarabaeus ascending, in a boat, adored on each side by Isis

and ^phthys Many of these plates bear the names of the persons to

whom tney belonged; with them are some others having the bead of
Athor, scarabaeus with symbolic eyes, deities &c. Beumt, wrragonki,
porceiaint vitrified earth, (fc.

Case 88. Scarabsei, completely curved with a ring, or perforated,
to attach to the necklaces of mummies. Felspar, Iqpis la^tdi, car-
nelign^MteatitBt basalt, porcehdn, (fv.

Case 89. Various specimens of bugles and beads from mummies.

Crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt, symbolical eyes, sceptres
terminating in head of lotus flowers, beads, &c. Porcehin.

CASES 90—101. COFFIN, OBJECTS OF ATTIKE, AMULETS,
SEPULCHRAL ORNAMENTS, ETC.

Case 90. Coffin of Soter, an archon of Thebes. On the sides the
judgment scene of the Amenti and the four-ram-headed hawk of
Amoun-ra. On the top is the hawk of the sun, and in the interior is
a Greek zodiac. On the board is Nufpe. Wood, 6 ft. II i^ in. 1.,
2 ft. 6 in. h, 2 ft. 44 in. b.

Case 91. Sepulchral tablet; a deceased, adoring Isis, Nephthjs,
and the four genii of the dead^ a deceased, named Naska . . .

Case 92. Four sides of a sepulchral box, similar to those in Cases
I — 7, Bronze Room. Hawk of the sun, and Isis and Nephthys ador-
ing the emblem of Osiris. Wood.

Case 93. Sepulchral tablets ; of Pa-mas, adoring Osiris, Isis, and
Nephthys ; of Iri-en-aru, adoring Socharis, Isis, and four genii.

Cases 94 — 96. Amulets; the greater portion of them in the shape of
the scarabaeus, but many in form of animals (among which are
Egyptian hedgehogs, and a human-headed hog) ; they have incused
on their bases the figures of deities, sacred animals, the names of kings^
short inscriptions, and other symbols or hieroglyphics. They have
formed portions of necklaces, bracelets, rings, or other articles of per-
sonal adornment, and are classed according to the symbols of their
bases. The most remarkable are the scarabaei, 3919, bearing the
name of Menes, 3919 a. ; Cheops, No. 3929 a. ; Shafka (KqftErenyf
No. 39,296. Presented by JB. Herz, Esq. The prenomen of Assa or
Asses, and that of Nefer-ka-ra {Neper cheres), No. 3920-22. c. ; that of
Ra-men-ka (Mencker^s)^ 3923-25, the name of Pepi (Apappus),
3927, Osortasen or Sesortasen I., the cylinders; No. 3928, bearing
the prenomen of Sesortasen II., and No. 8926 Sesortasen III.;
the scarabaei 3930, with the prenomen of Amenemha III.; (3933)

EOOM.] B«««fA9r ANTIQVmai. 9BS

wHhihe prenoraeii •ef Neferhept (3994)) with (he name of Sebekbept,
son of the aueen Ki (8987), with the prenomen of Amenophit I.
(4086), wkh the names and tides of Amenophis II. (4077); a
rectangular amulet, of yellow jasper, having on one side a bull, on the
ether a hofse, of most exquisite work, with the names and titles of
Amenophis II., half of which was presented by M. J. Dubois; 4095,
a large scarabseus recording the number (102) of lions taken by
Amenophis III. (Memnon) from the Ist to the 10th year of his
reign ; 4096, searabeaus recording the marriage of Amenophis III. and
his queen Taia, and that the limits of Egypt extended to Nahar-
aina (Meaopciamia) on the north, and the Kalu on the south ; 4101-10,
bearing the names of Rameses IL; 4111-2, of Rameses III.; 4113,
of a Ute Rameses; 4114> of Shishak I.; 4119, of Amasis II.
JBasak, porceUriny cameUttftf composition, ffc.

Cases 97 — 99. Tablets; of Vi deceased named Tes led by Thoth be-
fore Socbaris, Isis, and four genii of the dead ; of a deceased Theban;
of Hernru, adoring the four genii of the dead; of Naspet, adoring
Osiris, Anubis, Mau, Au, and Ra ; of Amenartas adoring Osiris, So-
cbaris, and the four genii of the dead ; of Iru-ru-u, adoring Ra, Anu-
bis, and four genii of the dead ; of Sensao, a Theban officer ; of Pra*
raentu, adoring Osiris, Ists, Nephthys, and four genii. Wood.

Case 100. Sepulchral scarabeei, generally engraved with a prayer or
formula, bemg the dOth chapter of the ritual, relative to the heart or soul,
b6ing the emblem of the mystical transformations which the deceased had
to make in the Hades before he had a heart given him. The inscribed
ones are found between the folds of the interior bandages and on the
chest of the mummies. The inscription is on the base ; but the names
and titles of ^e deceased, figures of deities, &c., are found on &e
elytra and corslet. From the difference observable in the elytra,
different species of the insect seem to be represented. Among these
are a small green jasper scarabseus, No. 7875, set in a semi-oval plinth
of gold, said to have been found in the coffin of king Enantef, No.
6652, but bearing the name of the king Savakemsaf ; several bcMr
the names of difierent functionaries ; one has a heart-shaped vein, in
which is engraved a beimou, or the bird nyeticorax, and at its sides
" the heart of the sun."

Case 101. Uninscribed scarabsei, amulets, in form of a vase, human
heart, two fingers of the hand, &c. Basalt, serpentine, marble, hematite,
steatite, leather, Sfc,

Amulets representing symbolic eyes, heart, plumes of divinities, lotus
sceptres, symbols of stability and life, pillows, counterpoises of collars,
levels, bores, solar disks or hills,, and victims with their legs bound.
Hard stone and composition.

Case 102. Ornaments taken from the bodies of mummies; one
has stamped upon it the figure of Osiris Pethempamentes, another the
names of two early kings. Plates from flank incisions of mummies,
representing mystical eye, plate with name of Seneferka and Kaenra
two early kings, vultures, ur»i, hearts, emblems of stability, and other
sitamped ornaments from mummies. ChU, silver, tin, iron.

Over Case 1. Chnouph or Kneph, the ram-headed tvpe of Amoun,
sealed, wearing the shenti : the head attire of diminished proportion,
and 1^ statue oi a very late era. Bronze. 2 ft. h.

224 QALLE&Y OF ANTIQUITIES. [FIRST EGYPT.

OYer Cases 2, 3. Outer coffin of Penamoun, a priest. (See
Case 6. for the inner coffin, and 65. for the body. ) Below is a
dedication to Osiris, and the goddess Athor. Wood, 6 ft. 8^ in. h.,,
2 ft. i in. 1.

Over Case 3. Statue of a queen or of a goddess, of the period of
the 22nd dynasty. Bronze,

Over Case 4. Osiris Pethempamentes standing. Bronze.

Over Case 6. Female, probably a deity, standing, her right band
clasped, her left flat and open. Bronze, 2 ft. 6^ in. h.

Over Cases 8 to 25. Casts of the sculptures from the entrance of
the small temple of Beit-oually, near Kalabshe. This side is in twa
compartments, and in the first is Rameses II. in his war chariot, attended
by his two sons, attacking the black and copper-coloured races of
Kush or iEthiopia. In the second portion is Rameses II. seated
on his throne, investing with a gold chain Amenemape or Amou-
nemopt, prince of Kiuh or Ethiopia, introduced to him by hia
eldest son Amenherpefbour or Amounhipeft)our. Behind the prince
are tusks of elephants, skins of panthers, gold chains, gola dust
and gems, rings of gold, bucklers, chairs, f(^ithers, and eggs of the
ostricn ; these are followed by Ethiopians bringing various live animals,
the most remarkable of which are oxen with their horns in the shape
of human hands, and a head with a tuft of hair. In the lower division
the same prince is introduced by two high officers of state to the
monarch, having across his shoulders a tray of valuable plants, skins of
panthers, and chains of gold. He is followed by Ethiopians bringing
various animals, among which are a giraffe, green monkeys, gazelles,
and lions, females carrying dieir chilcken, and prisoners manacled.

Over Cases 30, 32. Four sepulchral vases, representing the fouv

fenii of the Amenti for Senmut, a military officer during the reign of
'sammetichus.

Over Case 31. Mummy case, scooped out of a single tree ; the
head in a feathered claft, the feu:e black, the body covered by the wings
and tail of a bird ; on the chest a vulture ; on the soles of the feet, Isis
and Nephthys kneeling on altars; down the body is a dedication to
Osiris. No name remains, but the case is apparently of the style and
period of the coffin of king Nentef, of the 11th dynasty, in Case 7(X.
Wood, 6 ft. 1 in. h.

Over Cases 32, 33. Two bronze female figures, representing queens
or goddesses, in the style of the 19th and 22nd dynasties.

Over Case 34. Coffin of Mauteneimas, or Mouteneimos, female
musician of the goddess Maut ; on it Netpe, a door with bolts, a ram
and vase, and the usual scenes. Wood, 5 ft. 11 in. h.

Over Cases 40 to 57. Casts of sculptures from the entrance of
the small temple at Beit-oually near Kaiabshe. In the first division
on the left hand, the monarch Rameses II. seated on his throne re>
ceives the principal officers of his court, who bring before his feet cap-
tives of the chief nations of Asia. In the second division, the king
attended by his dog Anathemnisht, is about to decapitate an Asiatic^
In the third, crowned in the teshr or red cap, having ascended hift
^ariot, he attacks an Asiatic nation, who are represented in fiiU rout.
The next compartment shows the monarch attacking a fortress of Central
Asia i the nation is personified by a larger figure, while the scene&

BOOM.] SGYFTIAN ANTIQUITIES. 225

going on at the fortress ve a female throwing a child over the battle-
ments, and a man supplicating with a lighted censer, while the son or
brothor of the kmg attacks the door of the fortress with a hatchet ; in the
last compartment he is represented bringing before the monarch a»
file of Asiatic prisoners. The nations mentioned in the hieroglyphics
are the Tahen and the Sham.

These casts, made in Nubia under the direction of Mr. Hay and by
Mr. Bonomi, have been coloured in imitation of originals by the lattev
gentleman.

Over Case 59. Glass case containing the bones of a mummied ibis,
with insects and other contents of the stomach, prepared by Sir Anthony
Carlisle, in 1805. Presented by Sir Joseph Banks.

Over Case 61. Osiris Onnophris; the eves have been inlaid with
some other material. Bronze, 2 ft. 10 in. n.

Over Case 64. Osiris Pethempamentes, standing. Bronze,

On the marble tables in the centre of this Room are models, in

? Vaster, of the great standing obelisk at Kamak, and of that at
leliopolis. Presented by Joseph Bonomi, Esq,, 1840.

SECOND EGYPTIAN ROOM.

EGYPTIAN ANTIQUITIES.

Cases I— a

Shelf I. Sepulchral tablets of wood ; of a person nut
named; adorations to Ra, Osiris, and other deities; of Hesi-chebi,
an assistant priestess of Amen-ra, adorations to Ra; of Iri-a-haru, a
priest, adorations to Ra and to Isis ; of Petas, a priest, adoring Ra and
Atum; and another, much effaced, deceased adoring Ra and other
deities. Wood,

Shelf 2. Small models of sarcophagi and mummies, found depo-
sited with the dead, and supposed at one time to be embalmers*^
models. In terracotta and wood.

Boxes used for holding the small figures of the dead, similar to those
placed in cases 6, 7. No. 8522-23. Contains two figures. No. 8524*
Karennu, a deceased, adoring Amset, and Kebhsnauf. Presented by
Joseph Gtoilt, Esq, No. 8525. Made for Bakenmut, a priest of Mut,
who, attended by his sister, Mut^m-ua, a priestess of Amoun-Ra, is ador-
ing Isis. No. 8526. For Anchhar, is inscribed with a chapter out of the
ritual. No. 8527. Made for Mutenpennu, priestess of the Theban
Triad, Amoun-Ra, Mut, and Chuns, represents her adoring Osiris and.
Ins.

Shelf 3. Boxes for holding sepulchral figures. No. 8529. Of a
deceased, adorations to Ra and Isis. No. 8530. Of Chons-af-anch, af
Theban scribe. No. 8531-32. Of Hesicheb, with a chapter of the
rituaL No. 8533. Of Petamen, a priest of Amoun, having on each
side a representation of Anubis. No. 8534. Of the Roman period,
decorated with gryphons, &c

Shelf 4. No. 8535. Box, with representations of Osiris, lord of
Tettu, and part of the litanies of the god Thoth. No. 8536. Box
decorated with stripes. No. 8537-38. Boxes of Sensao, surnamed

GALLXBY or AKTKklIISEZB8» [SECOND £CnCPS.

Pto-ani, and of Tbotfaertas, decoraiBd with pn^Fen and in a e ii p ti oM
in jeHow. No. 8dd9. Bcs of Naasnarut, a mngfater «f 'Usarina,
on which Neith, SeXk, Sati, and Antibis are repveaeDted purifying the
gfeniiof the dead.

Cases 4, 5. Shelf 1. No. 8540. Box of Amenasandi, apriestesa
of Amoun-Ra. No. 8541. Box, plain ; front of a box or saacophagusy
iaiB and Horus erecting the stmdard of Osiris. No. 8548. I^imlar
hox» inscribed with the name of Hesi, a priestess of Amoun-Ra, and
who adores the genii of the dead.

Shelf ± No. 8544. Plam box, with dedication to Ra. No. 8550
has name of HuL

Shelves 3, 4. Sepulchral figures in wood, representing the dead
equipped for that portion of his ordeal in the future state wlieie he
plougns and sows the Auru, sunounded by the great waters asd caoak
of the mystical Nile ; holding a hoe in each hand, and a eotd, at-
tached to a basket of seed with which he sows the fields, slung on his
Mt shoulder ; the j all oontain a similar formula, widi the name and
titles of the dead, and a pn^er, the ^h chapter of the ritual, relatiTe
to their destiny in the future state. From the great numbers de-
posited with the dead, it has been conjectured that they were offered by
the relatives of the deceased. Among them are several of Seti I.,
and of priests, scribes, military and civil functionaries.

Cases 6, 7. Sepulchral figures in arragonite and calcareous stones.
Nos. 8689-92, are portions of those of Amenophis III. (Memnon), of
Ae 18th dynasty; Nos. 8693-94, of monarchs of the 18th (^masty;
No. 8695, of Rameses III. ; and Nos. 8696-8700, of Rameses V.^
all from the tombs of the Hngs in the Biban-el-Molook. No. 8904,
of Panehsi, a scribe of the treasury ; is inscribed with a memorandum
at the side, of the number of figures made in one month.

Cases 8, 9. Sepulchral figures in porcelain.

Cases 10, 1 1. Shelf 1. Sepulchral figures in terracotta.

Shelf 2. Model of a funeral boat, rowers, and portior» «f models of
boats. Wood. Model of a boat ; in the centre a canopy, priests kneel-
ing, dogs, &c. ; at the side, a Hon devouring a goat Found at Thebes.
Calcareous stone. Model of boat : Wowi. Another model : CkU-
mreowf stone.

Shelf 3. Models of sepulchral boats conveying the dead to the
sepulchres ; in one, priest reading the ritual, am) a lighted ahar.
From tombs at Thebes. Wood.

Shelf 4. Fragment of a ritual, in hieratic ; part of a document in
the same character, on leather ; a contract in demotic or enchorial ; and
letters and other documents in enchorial.

Caricature, of the Roman times, representing foxes driving geese,
lions and goats playing at draughts, &c On pctpyfus*

Cases 12, 13. Shelf 1. Heads from sepulchral vases of the genius
Amset, human-headed. Some coloured. Stone, pottery, and womd.

Shelf 2. Cynooephalus heads of the g<enius Hapi, from sepulchral
vases. Stone arragonite.

Jackal heads of the genkts Tuautmutf.

Hawk heads of the genius Kebhsnauf, from -sepulchral vases.

Models of a set of four vases, for holding the internal parts when

BOOIC] EGYEnHiN AMTKIinTIES.

embalmed sepantoly, in the ihape of Attnet, homan-beaded ; Iiup!»
iMhom-heeded; Tuautmnt^ jedcal.headed; and Kebhanui; hawk,
heftded. PaimUd w6od.

Bimilar set, which have been depoaitod with the nrammy of a per«
Mm Bamed Hapi . . • • Wood,

Small sepulchral vase, in shape of the genius Toautmutf, jackal*
Jieaded. Gfietm pwreekmn.

Two models or vases, one in shape of a bottle, the other of a goblet,
with an inscription for a deceased Pai, a judicial scribe ; eoloured to
imitate i^ass.

Two model vases, deposited in the place of tiieae of more valuable
materials ; they bear the name of Amenhept, a judge, and Hernane, a
female. Wood,

Shelf 3. Three aepulohral vaaea, all with human heads, from a set ;
one for a deceased Aahmea. From a tomb in Upper Bygpt. Tet'
rmcatttL Presented 2^ Mr, Andrtwo,

Four vases of a set PaUint^ ooiourtd whUe.

Three vases, coarsely painted, with figures of genii, probably of the
Roman period, and vaulted covers, on which are seated jackals, and
square orifices. Terracotta, From the Earl of Belmore's collection*

Two vases of the senius Hapi.

Cases 14 — 19. Inner coffin of Pesbes, door opener of the temple of
the Sun ; on it b Netpe ; the judgment of the dead before Osiris ;
symbolical eyes, and other ornaments. Wood, From the Earl of
J3dmore*8 eoueotion.

Inner coffin of Ameniriu, auditor of the palace of the queen
Amenartas, daughter of the king Kashta, 26th dynasty ; on it are the
rams representing the soul — the judgment and embalmment scenes of
the dead. From the coSeotum of Sr. Anaetasi,

Coffin and mummy of Chons-thoth, a singing boy of the Ghrseco-
Egyptian period: die feoe gilded, and body covered with various
divmities. From ike coUedUm. of Sr. AnoH^si,

Inner coffin of Anchsennefer, or Onkhsennofre, a female ; the face
coloused pink, the body covered with hieroglyphics and scenes, on a
yellow ground. Wooa, From the coUecHon of Sr, Anastasi,

Aa inner ooffin of a mummy, much mutilated, but which has been
of the very finest style, elaborately decoraled with paintings, and var-
nished. From the coBeoUon «f Sr, Anasteui.

In this case are several figures of Pfatah-Socharn-Osiris, standing
on pedestals, some with small cavities in the shape of boxes and covers,
in which were deposited sniall detached portions of the body. Chiefly
from Mr, SalVs collection.

Figures of Osiris Pethempamentes, used as cases for papyri. These,
wliioh are always portions or copies of the great funeral ritual of the
JBgyptians, in hieroglyphic or nieratic characters, were either con-
tauaed in the bodies of these figures, or else in small cells, vrith a
lid fitting to the body. Wood, covered with bitumen. 2 ft. 2 in. to
J ft. .81 in. h.

Cases 20, 21. Shelf 1. Sepulchral vases, of a similar use to those
in Cases 12, 18. Patter^.

Shelf 3. Heads from sepulchral vases. Arragonite calcareous
stone, wood amd pottery.

238 EGYPTIAN ART.

,' Shelf 4. Small sepulchral tablets, with inscriptions.

Cases 2^ 2S. Shelves 1, 2. Sepulchral cones of brick, stamped
yiiih inscriptions, in bas-relief. Hiey contain the names and titles of
Ibe functionaries in whose times they were deposited. These have
been supposed to be stamps or seal» — but appear to be rather votive
objects deposited with the dead.

Shelf 3. Inscriptions in enchorial and the Gre^k language, on frag-
ments of pottery, chiefly receipts, under the early emperors. JFVom
£lmhantina.

Fragments of pottery, with inscriptions in hieratic and Coptic.

Shelf 4. Inscriptions in Greek and Coptic on fragments of calcareous
•tone and pottery. They are principally religious, and of the Christian
period.

Case 27. Large Egyptian vases, in terracotta ; one remarkable
for being covered with a demotic inscription.

The objects in Table Cases on this side of the room will shortly be
removed ; it has not therefore been considered necessary to describe
Ihem.

ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES.

The smaller objects recently excavated by Mr. Layard, Colonel
^wlinson, and Mr. Loftus, in Assyria and Babylonia, are placed in
this room until cases shall have been fitted up for them elsewhere.

Cases 33, 34. Shelves 1—3. Various terracotta vessels, chiefly
from Nimroud. Shelf 4. Stone and bronze weights in the form of
ducks and lions.

Cases 35, 36. Shelves 1, 2. Objects in stone, glass, &c. Shelf 3.
Portions of a helmet, daggers, and other weapons in bronze, firom
X^imroud.

Cases 37 — 61. Various unarranged objects, recently brought over
to this country by Mr. Layard.

Cases 62—64. Antiquities excavated by Mr. Loftus at Warka, in
Mesopotamia. «

The Table Cases on this side of the room chiefly contain the clay
tablets inscribed with cuneiform characters, discovered at Kouyunjik.

Art qfthe Egyptians. — From the specimens of the architecture and
sculpture of the Egyptians which remain to us, we see that their art was
of a peculiar character, remarkable for its colossal proportions and mag-
nificence. The earliest known architecture, the pyramids of the 4th dy->
nas^, exhibits simple forms of vast magnitude, and of the minutest finish.
In the more complicated structure of the tombs of Benyhassan, under
the 12th dynasty, the elements of Doric architecture may be traced in
the columns and triglyphs. Under the 18th dynasty, the columns
have capitals, representing lotus buds and flowers of the lotus, papyru8>

EGYPTIAK ART. 229

and other plants. The temples are rectangular, with heavy advanced
gateways tapering to their summits, and doors of the same kind. The
courts are hypsmrai, the walls externally and internally covered with
sculptures, and the approach generally by a dromos, or avenue of
sphinxes or divinities. There is seldom any statue in the adytum,
a living animal being in place of this. Otlier temples were hewn
into the solid rock, and the tombs consist of galleries cut in the
same material, having their sides covered with paintings and sculp-
tures, referring to religious, historical, or domestic events. ( See Spe.
cimens, Nos. 169-181.) In sculpture, the artists worked in fiill relief,
bas-relief very slightly raised, the projecting parts being kept as much
as possible in one plane, and in a peculiar reuef cut below the original
sui^e, called cavo-rllievo, or intaglio rilievato; in the full relief
of stone, composition, and porcelain, the standing figures have a mass
of stone between the legs reserved to support the figure, and the arms
were not detached, but pendent at the sides, or raised to the breast ; a
plinth, resembling the side of an obelisk, was often placed behind, des-
tined to contain the inscriptions. In metal and wood the arms and
legs were detached. The hair is disposed in very regular masses of
vertical curls, falling from the crown of the head ; the eyes, eyelashes,
and brows were represented prolonged to the ears, with shelly or acute
lids; the hole of the ear was on a level with the pupil, the lips
stronglj marked, but expanding like the Nubian, the expression
smiling-, as in the early art of Mgiua, ; the beard not spread along the
cheek, but platted into a narrow mass of square or recurved form,
with ribands passing to the cap. In bas-relief and cavo-rilievo»
profile was generally used as more distinct and simple, the eyes were
elongated, with a full pupil, a peculiar!^ also of the earliest Greek art.
The form is on the whole slender, the features calm and smiling,
not betraying emotion ; the inner markings of the figure were not
given, and indications of muscular movement never fiilly developed.
Great regularity, squareness, and repose, well adapted for architecture,
characterize their art, which occasionally exhibits the delicacy of a
cameo. Portraiture was early known, and a conventional character
of feature assigned to different divinities, who, however, are often
made to resemble the reigning monarch. Three canons of Egyptian
proportions are known : J. Tiie canon of the time of the Pyramids ;
the height was reckoned at six feet from the sole of the foot to the
crown of the head, and subdivisions obtain by one-half or one-third
of a foot 2. The canon from the 12th to the 22nd dynasty is only
an extension of the first. The whole figure was contained in a num-
ber of squares of half a foot ; and the whole height divided into
eighteen parts. In these two canons the height above the sixth foot
is not reckoned. Tablet, No. 579, has a scale of some human figures,
under the 12th dynasty ; and a board, probably the working drawing
of a sculptor or painter, may be seen in Case No. 38, representing a
figure of Thothmes III. 3. The canon of the age of the Psammetici,
which is mentioned by Diodorus, reckoning the entire height at
twenty-one parts and a quarter from the sole to the crown of the
head, taken to the upper part. The proportions are different, but with-
out any introductidn of the Greek canon. ( See the bust. No. 2279^

filO EGJmUM AMT,

•ad tkane fignie of a lion, No. 1402.) The eanon and the leacting
tines were originally tmoed in red, aubsequenfly conreeted by the prin-
ci(Ml artist in black, and the design then eiecuted. ( See tablet, Eg.
Sal., No. 579. ) AU objects were pamted, both of arcfaitectiire and
sculptuie, and gilding was oceastonaUy employed. In their paintings
the simplest colours, sodi as white, black, an ochrons red, blue, and
vellow, were only used, green and purple being the introduction of a
later age. The entire figure was surrounded wim a black outline. The
Egyptians worked in dark and red granites, povphyiy, baselts, breccias,
serpentines, arragonite, limestones, sandstones, jaspers, feldnpar, oar-
nelian, glass, gold, silrer, bronze, lead, iron, the hard woods, &r or
cedar, sycamore, ebony, acacia, porcelain, and ivory and teiraeotta. All
objects are found decorated with hierogWpfaios, kom the most gigantie
obelisk to the minute articles of private life. In conneetioii wim the
history of the nation, three great periods of art may be ^stindiy traced
in Egypt.

I. The archaic style, reaching f^rom the date of the earliest known
moniunents of iSbe country till the close of the 12th d3maBty ; in vAntk
the hair is in rude vertical ouris and heavy masses, the iaoe is broad
and coarse, the nose long, and forehead receding, bands and feet large
and disproportionate ; the execution rude, even when details are in-
troduced ; the bas-reliefe d^ressed. This style continued improving
till the 12th d3ma8ty, at wliich period many of the monuments art
finished with a purity and delicacy rivalling cameos. (See the Jbht
doors from the tomb af Teta, Nos. 157, 157* ; the smaU statue from
the Pyramids, No. 70; ond Tablets, No. 197 and following.)

II. The art from the restoration of the I6th dynasty till the 20& :—
the hair is disposed in more elegant and vertical curb, a greater bar-
mony is observable in the proportion of the limbs, the details are
finished with greater breadth and care ; bas>relief becomes rare, and
disappears after Rameses II.; under die 19th dynasty, however, the
arts rapidly declined. {See the cohssalhead of Thotiimes UL, No.
15, JEgyptioM Sidoon; ike status of Amenophis III., Nos. 14, 17;
the statues and busts of Horns, No. 6; Rameses IL, Nos l-^U-^;
Site-Menephtah IL, No. 26; and the casts in the Vestibule; and, m
the Egyptian Room, the alabaster sepulchral figures. )

II L The epoch of ihe revival oi ait, commencing with ^e iK)lk
dynasty, distinguished for an imitation of the archaic art The por-
traiture is more distinct, the limbs freer and rounded. ( See staitues,
Nos. 83, ld4> under Apries; sarcophagus. No. 86; and figure. No.
34, of a person Uoing under Ameuisj) the musdes more devcdoped—
the details executed with great care and accuracy, (see ebmsk of
Amyrtceus, 52d-24; his sarcophagus. No. 10; andtheintereokmrnmr
aiato of Psammetiokus IL and rfectan^, Nos. 20, 22,)and the genend
effect rather dependent on the minute ^ish than general seope aad
breadth. Under the Ptc^mies and Romans a feefa&:atteinpt is made
to engraft Greek art on Egyptian. (See tablets, No. 1^; sides of
temples^ Cases 1 — 11.) But a ranid decay to6k. place both hi tm.
knowledge, finish, and ail the d^ls. (See tablets, Nos. im^ 996,
399, 400, 401, 492, of Tiberius j and ^ cq^s of Soter mkd his
famibfy tmder Hadrian Egyptian Room, No. 6706-6714. )

taaa^MiAiamf at bovmbam zibmi. iH

Hieroglyphiot, t^ch are natural objeoti ined to expreu laogoafe.
They are flivided into phonetics.

I. Alphabetic or those lepresenting limple vowel or consonant
sounds ; thus an arm is used for A; an owl for M.

II. Syllabic, or those used to represent syllables, either with alpha-
betics after and before them or not; Unis, a ckM is used for ib, a
mat for men^ a hop forita or va.

IIL Ideophoneticsi or those representing one syllable in the same
way as No. II., but only when the syllable conveys one idea; thus
a hrte (nebei), for nefer, good, kc.

IV. Symbolics, or objects used to represent one idea, as the ibb to
express an ibis; an ape to express anser. Thev often have their
pronunciation written before them in Alphabetic (No. I.) or Sylla-
bic (No. II.) hieroglyphics.

y. Determinative, or those which determine the sense of words
written in Alphabetic and Syllabic hieroglyphics, and are used in
more senses than one ; thus, a pair of legs after all sorts of motion
with legs, after the Alphabetic or Syllabic, as ha, aha, im, shows that
they mean to stand, go, appear, &c.

Hieratic is the written nand, of which hieroglyphics are the finished
eharacters employed on monuments.

Demotic, or Enchorial, is a writing more abridged than Hieratic, in-
troduced about the age of Cambyses, for the purposes of law docu-
loents, letters, and accounts.

EXPLANATION OF EGYPTIAN TERMS.

Ci*AFT.-~tiead-dre88 with long lappets pendoat on the shoulders and neck. See

statue of Amenophis III. Egyptian Saloon, 21. Coffins of mummies, &c.
^M.— Sort of soeptre, terminating in the head of an animal called the kouooupha.

See in the hauds of a male figure in a fresco painting. Eg. Sal. 176, and object

Bgypt. Room, Cases 10, 11. No. 2022.
OsKH. — Semicircular collar or tippet worn round the neck. See bust of Rameses

IT. or III. (Sesostris), Eg. Sal. 19. Otject in Cases 46, 49. Div. 2.
Atv.— Crown of Osiris and other deities, composed of a conical cap flanked by two

ostrich feathers, w ith a disk in front, placed on the horns of a goat. See fig. of

Osiris, Cases 3, 4. No. 601.

PscBKNT.--Cap or crown worn by deities and Pharaohs, composed of the shaa and

teshr. See Pharaonic head. Eg. Sal. Ifi.
Shaa. — Conical cap, upper portion of the pschent, called also out and uobsh or

white. See statue of^ Seti-Menephtah II., Eg. SaL 61.
SuuiTi.— Short garment wcMm round -the loins. See statue of Amenophis III., Eg.

SaL 21. Bronse fig. of Amoun^ra, Egypt Room, Cases 1, 2. No. 9.
Tabbb.— The 'red' cap, lower portion of the pschent, cylindrical cap, with tall

inclined peak behind and spiralomamentin front. See fig. Neith* Egypt.Room,

AmuleU, Case 8& Div. 5.

Toss.^Royal military cap. Bas-nslief of Rameses II. (fiesoatris). Cases 1, 2.
No. 308.

SmrOFTICAL ViBW OP EOVPTIAir MYTROI.OeY, WITH AN BaCPLANATIOir OF

CBRXAIJr SOV-VVIAK TaMCB.

MTTHOiiOaT.— In tfiis list the foUowhig order has been observed. The Egyp-
tian names of the deities are given first, wtth a translation, and the names of the
aoalogeus personages in Qrm mythok^; next, a statement of their charactec

fid2 EXPLANATION OF EGYPTIAN TERMS.

And attributes and of the mode of their representation in Egyptian art ; and lastly,
the names of the places which were the chief seats of their worship.

Amkn, Ammon, or Hammon ; *' the hidden ; " Jupiter ; king of the gods. Repre-
sented, 1, under the human form, with a teiher on his head, which is sur-
mounted by two plumes ; 2, human form, ram-headed. Thebes.

Hut or Mout ; " the mother;" Juno, the wife of Amen. Female form, wearing
the ptchmU Thebes.

Chdns, Chons; *' Force;" Hercules, the son of Amen and Mut. A youthful
figure with a single lock of hair; on his head a lunai disk. Thebes.

NuM ; " Water ; " called by the Greeks Jupiter Chnumis ; the creator of mankind ;
described as Baenra, ** the soul of the sun." Human form, goat-headed. Ele-
phantina.

Anbka; Anucis, or Vesta; the wife of Num. A female wearing on her head a
circular crown of feathers. Elephantina.

Satb ; ** sun's arrow or beam ; " Juno; the wife of Jupiter Chnumis. A female
wearing the hett or cap of Upper Egypt, with a goat's horn on each side. Ele-
phantina.

Hsbla; "the Arog;" the son of Num. A youthful figure like Horus. Ele-
phantina and Abydos.

Phtah. Phtha; Vulcan ; the creator of the sun and moon. Represented, 1, as

a child or bandy-l^ged dwarf, with a gcarabaus on his head ; 2, under the

human form, swathed like a mummy. Memphis.
Fabh-t; the "lioness;" Bubastis, or Diana; the wife of Phtha; called "the

beloved of Phtha. " Female form , lion -headed. M emphis.
Mbnbi; form of Paaht. Female; lion-headed ; on her head an uraeus.
Atum nrprr ; supposed to be the son of Pasht and Phtha. Human form, his

head surmounted by two tall plumes and a lily; called " the guardian of

the nostril of the sun." Memphis.
MuMT ; Mars; a personification of the solar power. Human form, hawk-headed>

wearing on his h^l two tall plumes. Hermonthis.
Athor, and Hathob; "abode of Horus;" Venus. Represented, 1, under the

female form ; 2, with the head of a cow, as " the cow which produced the

sun." Esna and Edfou.

Ra ; " the sun ; " Helios, or Sol ; the son of Athor. Human form, hawk-headed,
wearing the solar disk. Heliopolls.

Atum, Athom, Heron; described as the setting sim. Human form, with a

pKkent on his head.
Sbbak; "the subduer?" Human form; crocodile-headed. Crocodilopolis»

Ombos.
Sbb ; " Star; " Chronos, or Saturn. Human form ; on his head a goose.
NuTPB. or Nktpe; "abyss of heaven;" Rhea; the wife of Seb. Female form,

on her head a water-vase.
Thotr; " Speech; " Mercury ; the inventor of speech and writing, the scribe of

the gods, having power over the moon. Human form, ibis-headed, sometimes

weanng on his head the lunar disk. Hermopolis.
£n-pb, Ehbph; "leader of the heaven;" the son of Ra, another form of the

god Thoth. Human form ; on his head four tall plumes.

Mau ; " brilliancy ; " the impersonation of sunlight, son of Ra. Human fomr
kneeling and supporting on his head the solar disk.

OsiRfS, the eldest son of Seb and Nutpe. Represented, 1, as a mummy wearing
the het, and called Unnefer, Onnophris, " revealer of good," corresponding to
Bacchus: 2, wearing the atf, and odledPethempamentes, " he who is resident
in Hades ; " the Pluto of the Greeks. Abydos.

Isis ; " the seat ; " Ceres ; the daughter of Seb and Nutpe, and the wife of Osiris*
Female form ; on her head a thnme. Abydos.

Nbb-t-a, Nbphthys; "mistress of the palace ; " Proserpine; the daughter of
Seb and Nutpe, and the concubine ox Osiris. Female form ; on her head the
hieroglyphics of the words " rabtress " and " palace." Abydos.

Harobr, HARUBifis; "the elder Horus;" Apollo; the son of Seb and Nutpe;

his eyes were supposed to represent the sun and the mo<m. Human form,

hawk -headed , wearing the ^tmt. Apollinopolis.
Sbth: "the ass;" "the desert;" Typhon; the son of Seb and Nutpe ; the evil

spirit. Represented, 1, under the human form, with the head of an ass; 2, as a

dwarfish old man, clad in a lion's skin, and wearing plumes.
Taub, Ta-hbb,Thoubri8} "the elder i" Tithrambo; the wife of Seth. Reprew

FIftST TA8B ftOOM. 2S3

seated, 1, as a hippopotamus standing erect, witli a crocodile's taili 9, with »
female face. Oin bos and Nubia.

HxR ; *' the path " (of the sun) t Horns, Harpocrates; the son of Osiris and Isin.
Represented, 1 , as a child with weak legs, and with locks of hair on each side of
his nead: 2, hawk -headed like the elder Horus, in the character of ** Avenger
of his father.** ApoHinopolis Parva.

I-bm-hbpt; ** coming in peace?** iEscuIapius; son of Thoth. Asa priest seated
in a chair unrolling a book. Philae.

ANUPt Anubis ; described as *' the embalmer of the dead, and watcher of the gate
of the sun's path." Lycopolis.

Amset ; the son of Osiris ; genius or judge of the Aroenti, Neter-Her, or Hades*
As a mummy placed upright.

Hbpi ; « concealed number," Apis ; the son of Phtha-Socharis-Osiris ; the second
genius of Hades. Represented as a baboon -headed mummy.

Sbbmadtp, or TuAUTMurr; "adorer of his mother; " the son of Osiris, third

genius of the Amend or Hades.
Kabh-sbnup ; <* refresher of his brethren;" fourth genius of Hades.

Hbpi ; *' concealment, or number; " Apis; the living son of the god Phtha. As »
pied bull, wearing on his head the solar disk. Memphis.

Bar; the Baal of Scripture ; the god of the Assyrians and Phcenicians. Represented
under the human form or as a gryphon ; in both cases with the head of an ass.

Abnpu } the Rephan of the Semitic people. Human form ; as an Asiatic, wear-
ing a diadem, having in Aront the head of an oryx.

NuBi, "Nubia;" or Nabsi, *'rebel;" the god of the black people. Human

form, with the head of a bird of black colour. Nubia.
Kbn ; the goddess Chiun of the Moabites and people of Mesopotamia.
A nta, ANAirrs ; goddess of the Armenians and Syrians. Represented with a hei»

shield, and spear.

FIRST VASE ROOM.

This room and part of the next contain the collection of Vases dis-
covered in Italy and Greece, known by the names of Etruscan, Greeco^
Italian, or Painted Vases. They are of various epochs and styles.

I. VABE8 FOUND IN ITALY.

Cases 1 — 5. Shelves 1 — 3. Vases of the style frequently called
Nolan-Egyptian or Phoenician, distinguished by brown figures painted
on a pale ground with maroon ornaments and incised lines. They are
chiefly decorated with animals, and are found in the earliest sepulchres
of Etruria. The principal vases are, an Amphora^ in Case 1, repre-
senting friezes of animals and centaurs, found at Cervetri. In Case 3,
No. ^1, an oinochoe or wine-jug, ornamented with a combat of heroes
and horsemen. In Case 5, No. 420, a lebes or cup on a tall stand,
from Vulci.

Shelf 4. Very early Italian ware, of a brownish black colour. In
Case d is a vessel, No. 1, in the form of the tugurium or rustic cottage
of the early inhabitants of Italy. It contains burnt bones, and was
found at Monte Albano, near Rome. Presented by W, R, Hamilton^

Cases 6 — 1 1 . Shelves 1 and 4. Etruscan ware, black throughout;
in some cases, as in Nos. 181 — 185, ornamented with friezes of
figures, which have been impressed from a cylinder.

Shelf 2. Archaic vases of early Greek style, with brownish black
figures. On No. 429 are represented games ; one of the wrestlers
bears the name of Hipposthenes.

Shelf 3. Hydriee, or water-Tases, in a more advanced style of

99i WOMt TAfiX ftOKni .

paintiDg, exhibiting black figures on a bright red grountl, and gnbjects
dbiefly j^lating to heroic personages, such as Jason, Achilles, ami
Hercules.

Cases 12 — 19. Shelves I and 4. Black Etruscan ware.

Shelves 2 and 8. Hpdna, The upper ones are ornamented with
subjects principally relating to the Jaydropkofia, or water-drawing.
The lower ones exhibit scenes fVom the life and labours of HercuieBf'

Cases 20 — 25. Shelves 1—3. Small vases, similar in style to the
last, consisting of shallow and deep cups ; Ukythi, or oil-bottles ; masti
in the shape of human breasts, and vessels in the form of heads, legs^
&c. In Case 24 is a remarkable vase. No. 641 *, bearing th& name of
the maker, Amasis.

Cases 26 — ^29 contain smaller vases, with black figures on a red

nnd. Among them may be noticed three with a lighter ground
usual.

Case 90. Italian imitations of the OriBco-Btniscan' vases, Mtfif
firom VulcL

Cases 31 — 41. We find in these Cases a more advanced style of
art, with red figin^ on a black and highly-glazed ground. The
paintings are carefully executed, and may be considered to belong to
the finest period of Greek art. They have been chiefly found in the
cemeteries of Nola.

Cases 42 49. These vases contain the larger vases of the kind

just mentioned. On Shelf 1 are Ukythi, or oil-jars.

Shelf 2. CraiereB and Amphova. ; among these should be noticed
"Ho, 727, Hercules Musagetes. No. 740 and 740*, the entertain-
mentof Nicomachus.

Shelf 3. Hydria or water-jars. Of these the most remarkable
are— No. 717, Medea boiling the ram before Jason; No. 741, &6
birth of Minerva; 749, the birth of Erichthonius; 755, a vase
painted by Polygnotus.

n. VAfiES FOUND IN> GRBECE.

In Cases 50 — 60 are placed a collection of vases presentkig similar
varieties to those which have been already described, but alt found in
Greece or the Greek islands. Th^ are arranged in an inverse order;
so as to bring the earliest of them in juxtaposition to those of similar
workmanship found in Italy, and the more finished specimens next te
those which have just been described.

Cases 50, 51. Shelf 1. Plain black vases.

Shelf 2. Vases with red figures on a black ground ; among wbieb
should be noticed a pyxis, No. 2923, decorated with cupids and other
figures in white and blue; and a small cenochb'e^ No. 2938, on which k
a crawling boy. Both these are from Mr. BurgoiCs coUecttort.

Cases 52, 53. Shelf I. Vases, with black ornaments on a wirite
ground.

Shelves 2 and 3. Polychrome vases of the finest period of €^reek
art ;. some, perhaps, contemporaneous with the a^ of Pericles, bx;.
430, with figures traced in various colours on a white ground. Some
of them have the draperies in blue, crimson, purple, and greena Tbe
wil^ects of these vases are principally taken ntnn the Oresteia of the
Athenian tragic writers, representing Orestes and Electra at the tomb
' Agamemnon.

BBOMZK ftOOM. 2t6

CaMft 54».d&. ShfilveB 1, 2. VMes, priiici|H% It^Mi, with Umb
subjects on red ground.

Shelf 8. Vases of a more anotent style from Athens and Corinth,
ornamented with birds, &c., in a reddisii-brown colour on a fiiwa«co-
loured ground.

Cases 50 — 60. Vases of the most ancient 8tyle» ornamented ivith
meanders and geometrical patterns. In Case 60 are eight rases front
Corfu ( Corcyra), found in an excavation at Castrades, near the ancient
sepulchres of Menecrates and Tlasias, of the fifth century b.c. These
are probably some of the celebrated amphoThct which contained the
wines exported by Corcyra from the Adriatic. Presented hy, the
laman University, 1846.

Vases wHh representations on hoiSti sides, chiefly with black figures,
are exhibited in glass cases in the centre of the room.

Over Cases 361-55 are painted feu^similes, by S. Campanari, of the
walls of an Etruscan tomb at Tarquinii, in two divisions ; in the lower
ue refHresented dances and entertainments, and in the upper athletic
games, as leaping, ninning, ohariotraces, fauHing the discus, boxing, and
the armed course ; above is a large vase and two persons at an enters
tdnment. The entrance of this tomb, decorated with two panthers,
IB above the Cases 18—29, S2—9S,

Over Cases 6 — ^26, a painfmg in fac-simile of another tomb at
Tarquinii, representing an entertainment. In the centre, one of the
pages holds m his hamd a percolated vase or wme-strainer. At the
siifes are male and female dancers surrounded by trees and imimals;
above is the diequered ceiling of the same tomb.

Over Caaes l-~4s 57 — 59, are paintings iW>m another tomb at

Cometo; that above 1 — 4, represents a female paying the last

offices to an old man stretched out on a bier; that above 57—60, two

men drinking and dancing. Close to these are the ends of the same

tomb, w^ men drinking and playing on to double flute.

SECOND VASE EOOM.

The Painted Vases in this Room are of a later style of Greek art
(about 950^-200 b.c), chiefly found in Apulia and Lucania and the
province of the Basilicata, to the south of Rome. They are orna-
mented with red figures on a black ground. The latter is dull and
often lead-coloured. The ornaments are florid, and the forms of the
vases less simple than those hitherto described. The subjects represented
mostly relate to the Dionysiac festivals, Eros, Venus, and funeral
offbnngs.

The other side of the room is occupied widi the collection of Greek
and Roman terracottas, not yet sufficiently arranged for exhibition.

A detailed catalogue of the collection of vases is in progress of pub-
licatton ; the first volume, comprising Nos. I — 1241, may be had in
the Secretary's office.

BRONZE ROOM.

In this Boom are placed' figures of divinities, furniture, vases, armour,
personal ornaments, &c., ehiefly made of bronze.

On the central shelf, in Cases 1 — 30,. are arranged the statues of

236 BRITISH COLLECTION.

Greek and Roman divinities and other personages, classified according'
to the subjects they represent.

Cases 1—11. The twelve Olympian Gods. 12—19. The minor
Gods. 20—22. Early Italian and Foreign Divinities. 23—26. Heroes.
27 — 30. Miscellaneous personages.

On the upper and lower shelves are placed vases and furniture of
various kinds.

BRITISH AND MEDIEVAL ROOM.

This Room contains the Antiquities found in Great Britain and
Ireland, and extending from the earliest period to the Norman
Conquest, and Medieevd objects, both English and Foreign.

BRITISH COLLECTION.

The British Antiquities are arranged according to their Periods,
under which they are grouped in the order of the materials of which
they are composed.

In Cases 1 — 33 are arranged the various remains belonging to the
ages previous to the Roman Invasion, embracing the Stone and the
Bronze Periods of the Northern Antiquaries. These periods are con-
sidered to be characterized by the material of which implements and
weapons were formed during their continuance : as, however, stone
weapons do not appear to have been discontinued entirely on the in-
troduction of metal, it has been thought best to place together all
objects of the same material, without regard to which of these two
periods they belong.

Cases 1 — 4. Stone implements, known as ^' celts ; ** found in
England, Ireland, and the Hebrides.

Cases 5 — 12. Various stone weapons and implements, consisting of
knives, arrow-heads, hammers, &c. ; among these may be noticed a
stone hammer, found at Stanwick, and presented by the Duke of
Northumberland,

On the lower shelf are models of the stone cromlechs or sepulchres
of the ancient Celtic tribes, viz., the Chun Quoit, Cornwall ; the Tre-
vethy Stone, near St. Cleer ; the Lanyan Quoit, near Penzance ; one
at Dufinn, S. Wales ; the Double Cromlech, at Plas Newydd, Angle--
sea; and the Cromlech at Mofra. AU made and presented by JL
Tongue, Esq.

Over the Cases in this part of the Room may be seen two pictures
by Mr. Tongue, viz., the Cromlech, at Plas Newydd, Anglesea;
and Stonehenge on Salisbury Plain.

Cases 17 — 20. Bronze implements, known as celts or palstaves;
among these may be noticed three bronze moulds for casting them;
'one of them found on the Quantock Hills, Somersetshire.

Cases 21, 22. Bronze swords and daggers.

Cases 23, 24. Bronze spear-heads.

Case 26. A bronze buckler and dagger-sheath ; found in the river
Isis, near Dorchester, Oxfordshire.

Case 27. A collection of bronze subjects, consisting of a sword-
Wade, spear-head, celt, and pin, found in the river Wandle. Surrey.
Presented by R, Mylne, Esq. ^

BEinSH COLLECTION. 287

Cases 28—33. The rude half-baked potteiy which is found in (he
barrows of the early Britons ; among these are two urns found at Forth
Dafarch, Anglesea. Presented hy the Hon, W, Owen Stanley, 1851.
And an urn found on the banks of the Alaw, Anglesea, supposed to
have contained the bones of Bronwen, the aunt of Caractacus, who
died about a.d. 50. Presented by Rich, Idwydt Esq., 1834.

The following Cases, 38—75, contain antiquities belonging to the
period of the Roman occupation of Britain.

Cases 39—42. In the middle shelf various collections of fragments
found in Roman stations, &c., among them a collection of fraffments
from a villa at Wakefield Forest Presented by the Duchess of
Grafton^ 1851. Another collection, found in caves at Settle, in
Yorkshire, and some fragments, found in the camp at Catterick»
Yorkshire. Presented by the Earl of Tyrconnd. On the lower
shelf are various specimens of flue-tiles, bricks, drain>tiles, &c., fit>iii
Roman buildings.

Cases 47 — 50, Coarse ware, consisting of amphorae, mortaria,
&c., the latter have the names of the makers stamped on the rims.

Case 51. Light red ware, coated with white.

Cases 52, 53. Light red ware, of a finer description, coated with red.

Cases 54, 55. Grey ware.

Cases 56, 57. Black ware.

Case 58. Fine red ware, with embossed ornaments, made at
Arezzo, in Italy. Several of the firagments have been found in
London.

Cases 59 — 63. Red glazed ware, made in Gaul and Germany,
and imported into England. A collection of potters' marks on this
ware, chiefly from London. In Case 63 is part of a mould for
making the wares with raised figures, found at Rheinzabem ; as well
as a typus for impressing the mould, from Mayence. Soth presented
by B, Hertz, Esq., 1851.

Case 64. Circular pieces of Kimmeridge coal, commonly called
** Kimmeridge Coal Money," they appear to be chucks from a turning
l^he. Three stamps of greenish stone, with which oculists stamped
iheir druss. A bronze helmet, found at Tring, Herts. Presented by
Rich, CTutterbuch, Esq.^ 1813. The umbo of a shield; found at
Garstang, Lancashire, from the Towneley Collection. A figure of
Osiris rethempamentes, found in a Roman Camp, Swanscombe,
Kent. Pretented by C. Carlin, Esq., 1841.

Case 65. In middle shelf, seven bronze figures, found at Devizesir
Presented by Taylor Combe, Esq., 1811. Underneath is a stake,
found at Coway Stakes, in the Thames, wliere Csesar is supposed to
have crossed the river.

Cases 66, 67. Bronzes ; found at Ribchester, Lancashire. From
the Towneley collection.

Case 68. '* Tabulsa honestsa >nissionis ; " found at Malpas, Che-
shire. Presented by Lord Kenyon, 1813. Portions of similar bronze
tables, found at Sydenham, Kent Presented by Mr. Kerval, 1813.
Mirror, found in Deveril Street. Presented by Mr, Martin, Another,
found at Coddenham, Suffolk. Presented by Sir W, Middleton, Bart,

Case 69. Bronze imperial figure ; found near Barking Hall, Snf^
folk. Presented by the Earl of Ashbumham, Mars, found at Bark*

X

f0Q KSBUBirAh COLLBCnON.

way, Hertg. Beqmtath^d hy Lord Sebey, Silrer fignre ^ H«if o-
cratet. PreamUad hy Met$rs. RundeU and Bridge,

Case 70. Part ox a Roman service of pkUe ; fouad on the estate
of Sir Joho Swiobunie, Bart., in Northumberiaad. Knight coIUcUom,

Case 7L A disfa found at Milebam, in Norfolk; and various personal
omamenta, such as armlets, brooches, &c.

Cases 72— 75c Roman glass, found in tombs, two from Hemel
Hempstead, Herts. One from Melfoid, Suffolk. Presented hy Sw
W, Parker, 1825. One fbond at Harpenden, Herts. Presented hy
C, W, Pacie, Esq,^ M,P, Two found in a stone sarcophagus, ai
Southfleet, Kent Presented hy the Reo. G, JRashkigh,

Cases 76 — 78. Horse trappinpsand other ornaments of broaae;
found at Polden HUl, Somersetshiie.

Cases 79 — 81. A collection of antiquities very similar to the kst;
found in the encampmpnt at Stanwick. Presented hy the Duke of
Northumberland. Two bronze armillee; found near Drummcmd
Casde^ Perthshire. PremOed by Lord WWmghhy d'Eresby.

Cases 82, 83. Saxon brooches; found in Lincolnshire. Presented
hy Sir Joseph Banks, An iron sword, and other weapons; found
at Battle E<%e, Burford, Oxfordshire.

Case 84. A wooden bucket bound with bronze, and other objects ;
found at Streetway Hill, Wilbraham, Cambridgeshire. Presented by
Mr, Isaiah JDeck, 1851. Saxon brooch found near Abingdon, Benks.

Case 85. Bronze vessel, found at Hexham, filled with coins of
Kings of Northumberland, from a.d. 794-867.

MEDIEVAL COLLECTION.

This Collection is generally arranged with regard to the material
and workmanship of the objects.

Cases 88 — 93. A collection of personal ornaments, weapons, and
other objects; found in graves at Ascheraden, Segevold, Setzen, and
other places in Livonia and Kourland, by Profoasor B&hr, of Dresdn p
ehiefly belonging to the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth centuries. v

Cases 94, 95. Sixty-four chessmen and fourteen draughtsmen maoe
ef walrus tud^; found in the Isle of Lewis, Scotland.

Cases 96^ 97. Carvings in varums materiids.

Cases 98-— 101. P&intingsfrom St Stephen^s Chapel, Westminster^
of the time of Edward III. They represent scenes from the book of
Job and the histoiy of Tobit.

Case 103. A crystal ball and wax cakes, used by Dr. Dee in Ins
qMgical experiments.

Cases 104, 105. Cups of crystal, bloodstone, and other materials,
BMunted in silver.

Case 108, 109. Byzantine church lamp. Irish crozier. Preaentmi
by the Rev. J. Buhoer, 1839. Reliquvy of St. Eustace; from Basle
Otthedral. Weights of towns, such as Toulouse, Nismes, &c.

Cases 110, 111. Puiso^stre t diers, J^s, and other objects of €k>-
mesticuse.

Cases 112, 113. The tenure sword of Hugh, Earl of Chester;
it is uncertain whether this is Hii^h Lupus, 1 st Earl of Chester, or Hugh
de Meschines, sumamed Keveliok, 5th eari. State sword of the

STHtfOGItAFltIC2AL ROOM.] XISCILUnnMiUS AETICLE8. 389^

earidoBi of Cfacater nade for King EcNranl V., vAmn Prince of

Wales.

. CSases 114, 115. YwAea^piaotB ai wrmoar, wpun, he

Cases 117, 118. A cistern and two ewen of braaa, inlaid witir
silyer, of Mesopotamian workmanship.

Cases J Id^-^lSl. £«aneis» aaade at Limog«s, in France, from the
12th to the 14th oentunes.

Cases 122^ 128. Paiotinga, hi eoMiel, 0f the later school of
Limegesy duiing the 16ch centunr.

CoMs 124, 125. ?cni(ian gfass* A flask of Geponmruby glass.
Prmmttdhf FeUx SiadB, Esq.

Cases 12$, 127. Speeinens of early pottery, wich a green glaze.
Variotts floor-tiks, from Cas^ Acre, Norlblk. PtHuented hy Mr.
Tmfhr. Otbera fiom Lewes PHoir, anssea. Sense painted tiles fiomr
^yt Albambra. PraeMted hy iht Horn. illr*. Ikamr.

Cases 128^—184. A ooUectioii of Italian earthenware dishes,
siostfy painted by GKorgio Andreoii, oomnonlyGaHed Maestro Giorgio,
at OvA^o, from 1524 to 1581.

Case 185. Dateli briobs, with ornaments in mKef, date about
1557. Two larae juga, piobably msiie iA Cologne; oh one are the
anas of Queen Eliaafitfa, and tbe date, 1594; me o&er is dated 1607.

Case 136. A bowi of ponteAain, Made s< Bow, near London,
about 1760, by Thomas Craft.

Cases ISiBy 18% Tw« tases^ of porceiain, nade at Chelsea, under
the dinrction of M. Sprenont, in 1782. Two Wedgewood vases, one
eefnedfrom the Pc^Iond Vase, and the otlicrfrem one of the Etruscan
Vases in the Mmswsih. PmmUed hy JoaM Wed^/m^ood, Esq.

ETimOGRAPHICAL ROOM.

In the centre of the Room are plaeed^«>

Model of the Thugs, made by a nati^ avtiat at Madras. Pre*
rented hy Mrs. B. W. Home.

A model of a movable temple, called in. the Camatic, Tb^up, or
Rhudum. Presented hy Ckatiss MtuFsh, Esq^ 1 798t

A Chinese bell, from a Buddhist temple fiasst Ningpoi On the
top is the Imperial dragon, the national emblem of Chinay erMn^ingv
anid forming the handle. Beneath this is the orifice wbere the
dapper ban been placed. The upper part is deeerated wi^ figures
of Buddh, cast in salient relief, and covered widi an inscriplioB, also
in relief separated by four broad bancb, of lange charact^ being
eight lines of poetiy relative to tbe Buddhial reiigMHH outof oneof tiie
leugious books of this sect. The smaller insenptions, in Chinese and a
Sanscrit character, are entitled the Prayer of Fif b ( Biiddfa) $ witb a list of
names of believing doctors and fiiitbfiu ladies. The inscriptions at die
lower part contain a similar tisiof Manesyandtlie nawea and titles of
the makers, of the authorities of the Teea-pe-ling temple, and of
the civil and military officers of the city of Ningpe vnder whom ^
beU was cast, in the 19th regnal year of Taou Kwang, the late
emperor, the d6th cyckty war^ on a moming of the eidbtb moon
(A.D. 1889-40). Preeeniedhy HEIt MAJESTY^ 1844.
Modd in cork, of the Temple of the Sibyl at Tivoli.

M 2

240 MI8CELLAXE0US [ETHNOGRAPHICAL

A plaster cast of the shield of Achilles. Modelled by Flaxman.

Against the pilasters are placed :

A colossal figure of the Burmese Idol, Gaudma, in gilt wood. Pre*
gented by CapU Marry ai^ R.N,

An inlaid Indian Cabinet.

Cases 1,2. China. — Shelf I. Mock spears, placed on the walls
of Woosung to intimidate the British forces, found there in 1842. Three
soldiers' hats; bow and arrows, one to give a signal by whistling;
an arrow, with a rocket attached, from Woosung. Presenttd by
CapU Sir Everard Home, Bart , R,N, Matchlock ; vane of a boat ;
sailor's hat ; militarv boots ; shoes, one pair presented by Mr, CuUi'
ford; a pair for a lady; ladies* gloves; slow match, and sight of a
cannon. Presented by Sir E, JBelcher, R.N. Tally of a Chinese
soldier, from Woosung, having on it ** Camp at Woosung," and
** Main Guard — Soo tin lung. 86 years of age, native of Paou Shan
been." Presented by Capt. Sir Everard Home, Bart, R.N, Label
of a cannon. Presented by Hu^h Wdch Diamond, Esq, Shelf
2. Various figures of Chinese divmities and ascetics of the different
sects; animals, &c. Shelf 8. Teen ping, or Chinese steel-yards, used
in weighing out silver, and for the ordinary purposes of Hie ; chiefly
from Sir ISans Shane^s collection. Swan pan, or abaci, for keeping
accounts. Money changer's board, which holds a hundred pieces of
cash, or small copper change, by a dexterous shake of tne hand.
Presented by T, tteeves, Esq. Scales and nests of weights. Brass
padlock. Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart., R.N, Mirrors,
some with the handles, and of the class called magic; the largest
presented by Robert Brown, Esq, Pair of Chinese spectacles in
their shagreen leather case ; shoe-horn, with brushes for cleaning
the shoes attached to it; from Shanghae. Presented by Sir Everard
Home, Bart., R.N, Pillow for the head. Presented by Sir E.
Belcher, R.N. Horn lantern for common purposes; from Choosan.
Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart, R,Iv, Cases with chopsticks ;
knife from the Collection of Sir Hans Shane. Spoon, fork. Pre^
sented by Sir E. Belcher, R.N. Chinese brass pipe; leather to-
bacco-pouch; Shanghae. Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart.,
R.N, Chinese mariners' compasses ; viatorium, consisting of a com-
pass and small portable sun-dial. Presented by Albert Way, Esq,
Bank note for 1000 cash, or small copper coin, equal in value to one
dollar ; issued at the city of Soo-chow-foo. Presented by Sir G, T.
Staunton, Bart, Block for printing passes for the camp at Woo-
sung; iron bill-hook used for various purposes of husbandly; two
pair of steel scissors of the best quality; two packages of Chinese
needles, one opened; they are packed up in quicklime to prevent
rusting; three candle-wicks of a peeled twisted rush, from Shang-
hae. Pointed sticks, used as savealls or candlesticks by the lower
classes at Woosung. Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart, R. ZV.
Shark fin, employed to make soup. Presented by Tradescant Lay,
Esq. Sea- weed, used as food ; taken out of a junk at Woosung ;
deer's sinews, brought from Siam, and used for making a good soup ;
from Woosung ; joss sticks. Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart, ,
R-N. " Box which has held the tseen or punishment billets of a
military mandarin, which are taken out and thrown down to mark the

ROOM.] ABTICLE8. 241

number of blows of the bamboo to be inflicted. Presented by Sir
E. Belcher^ jRJV. Ancient bronze bell ; and vase made in the epoch
Seuentih (a.d. 1424-1434). Presented by JR. Crawford, Esq,
Steatite seals. Presented by Dr. Sinclair, Bone thumb-nng used by
a Tartar, en^ved. From the Collection of Sir Hans Shane. Tally
or label which has been attached to a malefactor. Presented by
"Tradescant Lay, Esq. Boxes ; vase in shape of lotus leaf. Bequeathed
by the late R. P. Knight^ Esq. Glazed vase. Presented by J, S.
Bowerbanh. An advertisement for quack pills. Cups made of the
bom of the rhinoceros. On the top of this Case is the model of a
Chinese junk ; a wicker shield, on which is painted the head of a tiger
and the word Wang (royal), used by the Chinese troops; and three
Chinese boarding pikes. Presented by Capt. Sir E. Belcher, R.N.
A wooden trunk, in which the Sycee silver of the Chinese ransom
money was transported to England. Presented by Capt. SirEverard
Home, Bart.^ ILN,

Case 3. China. — Shelf 1. Agalmatolite figure of Kwan-yin, the
goddess of mercy. Presented by Tradescant Lay, Esq. Shelves 2,
3. Gilt figures of a female and male divinity, the latter holding in
his hand an amulet, on which are inscribed the names of different in-
ternal parts of the body. Taken during the war from a private chapel
behind How-qua*s hong. Presented by Sir E. Bdcher, R,N.

Cases 4, 5. China. — Shelf 1. Urh he6n, or " two-stringed " fiddle ;
pepa, or balloon-shaped guitar, made of swan wood, covered with the
skin of the snake, called tan ; yuS kin, or <* moon-shaped " guitar, made
of swan che wood ; hwang telh, or Chinese flutes, made of bamboo,
with the second hole covered with a film said to be from the inside of
a reed ; the heang telh, or Chinese clarionet ; the tung ke6, or brass
horn ; a Chinese trumpet ; the koo, or drum ; and the sh&ng, or Ju-
bal's orffan. Shelf 2. The kin, or scholar*s lute, often alluded to in
the ancient books ; the yang kin, or dulcimer ; a pair of sticks used as
castanets by beggars to call attention to their cries. AU presented by
Tradescant Lay, Esq., and figured in his work, " The Chmese as they
are," p. 75, and following. Chinese shuttlecock, made of feathers
and lead, and played by being struck up by the soles of the feet ; from
Woosung. Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart, R.N, Shelf 3.
Ornamental vase or cup» carved to imitate flowers, made out of the
horn of the rhinoceros, and obtained by Mr. Fortune in the N. E. pro-
vinces of China. Tablet set up in honour of a widow, named Lew,
by the Emperor's command, in the temple of Confucius, at Choosan.
Presented by W. B. Farrer, Esq., R.N. Fly-flaps ; tombstone from
China ; box containing a needle prepared for the application of the
moxa; surgical instruments ; paints, boxes, stands, and shoes from Ja-
pan ; specimens of imitation of Japan ware, made by a Dutchman.
From Sir H. Sloans' s collection. Over this Case, a circular stand, in
two parts, decorated with twenty-two figures in high relief, represent-
ing some of the principal personages of the Hindu mythology; a cir-
cular plate, over which, supported by four lions, is a platform, from
which rises a highly-decorated arch, on one side of which is Krishna,
paying upon a pipe, attended by four females and six bulls. On the
othier side is Devi, seated, holding two lotus flowers, attended by four
persons and two elephants, who with their trunks form a canopy over

3f& MOCBLLAIIEOUS [ETHNOGE^PHICAL

her bead ; a similar plate, omaflQented cm one «ide by Rams and per-
hMM LaksknUf beanag bawB, with Hamnman and another ape in a
unmiMive attitude-; on the odier side is Vitknu reclining upon Se^ui,
the mjtiiolog^ad serpent, with a iotus issuing from his nafel, on which
is seated Brahma, aooompli^ing the work of creatioB. Bequeathed
byiheltUeE, P. Kmufht, Eea.

Cases 4, 7. India. — Shdil. Various figures of Buddha, and lus
attendants, firom Birmidi, in wood, alabaster, and terracotta, one under
Uie figure of a g^igantie serpent^ clmfty preeented by Captain Stafford.
Shelf 2. Various figwres of divinities of the Hindu Pantheon, in bronze.
Shelf 8. Three ds^ aaodeAs of the goddess Durga, in has relief. Pre-
eented by H. HecUikeote Xuetel and J. Doubhday, Esqs. Head of a
Budk, from a fBndu temple at Brambaran, in Jai^ ; figures of Hindu
divinities, in alabaster, coloured; the bull Nandi, and lingas; a guitar,
«lahoratelj carved in vrarj^ and an rvory carving of a Hindu dignity;
ancient copper plates, containing grants of land; ancient vessels,
measures, and Hindu nutthematical instrument. Over this Case is
a figure of Kamakt, or Lakshmi, the consort of Visfmu, bearing 1^
lotiu flower in her hand ; a figure of Ganeea, with four hands, holding
some articles of food, his broken tooth, the chaiUt of Vishmi, and a
club.

Cases 8, 9. India. — Shelf 1 . Figures of divinities in wood. Shelf 2.
Native models of various casts; principaUy from Northern India.
S^lf 3. Sword and hat of the Tepeher tribe, Sikkhim countij.
Presented by T. H^ KeUyt ^^q. Powder'^m from Bitftpoor. JRre-
Hnted by Dr. Jephaofu Affgnan pistol and cloak, the latter preeenJbed
by Sev. C. Crawford. Bows and arrows from India; three sets.
Punka or hand mn; India. Slippers from Calcutta. Presented
by Mr, Hayes, Guz measures, eaeh of a certain number of tussoos
or thumb's breadths, 14 of which form the usual standard measure
of the oriental cubit, from Delhi, Poonah, and the West Coast of India :
models of an " aocoimnodaition4M)at," used for landing passengers at
Madras, of a baggage-boat, and of a katamaran or ku^ marum, used
in the same place. A terracotta vase ftom Madras. Presented by
J. E. J. Boueau, Esq., 1849. Over Cases 8, 9, a bronze figure of
Siva, with four araas ; in one hmftd is the gadha, or parasha, a warlike
weapon, in another is an antelope ; andanether of Siva, or Mahadeva,
trainpling on and destroying Tripurasura. Kniokt ejection.

Cases 10, 11. Africa. — Shelf 1. Baskets nom N«ibia and Abys-
sinia ; waterwhom and shield, fbom the same place ; water-bottles firom
Egypt; Arabic quadrants. Shelf 2. Fonlah bat, cap from Ashantee;
musical instrument, kind of guitar ; dagger with a brass scabbard ; iron
padlock and keys; ivon bowl ; large leather cushion ; pilk»w for the hea^
also used as a stool, of zesso wood, leather apron or pouch, surrounded
by stripes of the saaM msterid, and cloth in different pSttems ; siring
<» beads resembfiag spangles, made of shells ; sandtds from AshaBtee»
one pair presMUBcf by Mr. Menton ; fiy-ilapper made of hair; a shuttle^
and reel of eotton thread belonging to the loom ; spincHes ; specimens
«f native eotton eloth, dyed with indigo, and of silk iUimc ; small bariEet
spoon for ateaining flies off f^om liquids; varioi»ly*sfaaped bowls' •£
•arthenware, tobacco jMpea; small black pan, with notebed edge ; idl
f^Mn Ashanlee. Presented by T, E. Boaodiek, Esq., and doscri b od

ftOOM.] ARTIOLB0. 34#

ia his Trsvek, p. 907. Neacohht or iron bur, with one end twisted,
used as money, value about one shiHing, on the African coast Prtm
9eiU$d bjf Limt. Forbes, Il,N. War-hom of the kine of the Ashantees,
nade of a human jaw aoad an elephant's tudr, and a Fonlah muncal
iastniment, from tfa^ neighbourhood of Sierra Leone. Presented by
J, Whitfield, Esq, Jade raouth-4)iece of a pipe from Egypt Pfa.
sented by Sir J, Gardner WOkiMon, Shelf 3. Bead bi^kets, has.
kets decorated with leather, and woollen doth; carved wooden boxj
boson, and water-bottle used by a Mullah; cookmg dish of black
earthenware; stand for a iamp or candle; carved gourd boxes and
calabashes; all from the Niger Expedition, and presented by the
Ofhmial Office, and Captain H, Dundas Trotter, RN. Over
Cases 10, II, baskets from Abyssmia.

Cases 12, 13. Africa. — Shelf 1. Various specimens of cloth, mostly
of native fabric, purchased at Egga by the Niger Expedition ; a piece of
cloth, 16 J feet long by 7\ feet wide, deeorat^ with borders, and various
stellated patterns, produced by discharging the deep colour of the indigo ;
woven in strips 3 inches wide : another similar, but check pattern, pro>
dttced in the woof; a piece of very narrow width ; all from the interior
of Africa. Present by Captain Ctapperton and Major Denham^
With these are a plain tob, or cloak, from the Niger Expedition, ore-
wented by the Colonied Office; and another FouTah cloak, fSormed of
Vwrions strips of doth, from the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone, pre-
sented by J, Whitfield, Esq, Shelf 2. Fly-lSap, or brush ; female hair-
net ; bag ; cushion, covered with scarlet cloth ; arrows, and quiver of
Uiesame mih iron points ; hoe made of British bar iron ; Housa digger;
cord; specimens of prepared leather ; spindles, some with their cotton
tiiread ; shuttles ; banks of ^read, white or blue, dyed with indigo ; samia,
etduya, or spedmens of native silk, of yellow, green, and crimson ; a
qnantky of raw native cotton, and cocoons of native raw silk, very coarse,
with the chrysalides of the silkworm still in it ; small skin bottle, fer
holding galena for colouring the eyelids, and small spedmen of this
mineral; all collected during the Niger Expedition, and presented
by the Colonial Office and Captain H. Dundas Trotter, R.y.
monze maniBa, or African ring money; mat hat from the interior.
Presented by Captain Duncan, Twenty-eight lar^ <maque glass beads,
worn round the necks of Hie women and camels in Abyssinia. Dress
of grass cloth, worn by females ; hoki or gora nuts ; nuts hollowed and
used to hold a sm^ land on the todgue ; gourd, shaped for medical
purposes; specimen of native Indigo ; all from Badagry ; comb, and
pipe bowl, soldier's belt for holding cartridges; from Dahomi. Presented
by Ike Rev. J. Martin. Shelf 3. Hat, dow, quiver, and sword of a
Ban^ara Chief, obtained in French Guiana, and presented by H. C*
RoUiery, Esq, Bow, spears, and fetish, from Fernando Po. Presented
by the Rev. Theod. liuBer, Hats, lirom the interior of Africa. Pre*
sented by Captain Fishbmtme. Swords and quivers, from the interior
of Africa; net haramoek, from the interior of Africa. Presented by
H, Bright, Esa, Dress, spears, and shield, from Ab3rssinia. Pre*
setsted by Jonathan Nophmson, Esq, Tuarik saddle and spears ; from
Tripoli. Presented by C, Wenmer Diehson, Esq. Nubian spear,
entwined with a snake's skin, from Thebes, in Egypt. Presented by
Avb^^ Paul, Esq, Over Case 13, a loom for weaving narrow, cloth.

944 Misq^LLANEOUS [ethnografhicai.

npecimens of which are exhibited in the first division of this Case; from
Adiantee. Presented hy T, E. BowdicK Esq,

Cases 14, 15. North America Esquimaux dresses from

Winter Island, and from Point Hope ; a steersman's cap, from West
Georgia; men's boots, from Kotzebue Sound; women's boots, from .
C^ Thomson; Lapland trousers, presented by Mr, G, WoodfalL
Whalebone net, used by the Esquimaux for laying under their beds ;
a wooden bowl, cup, and spoon made of the horns of the musk ox; a
bone ornament, from Savage Island ; a wooden box, a small basket,
a pair of bone eye-shades, a bow-string, a lamp cut out of steatite, or
pot stone ; brought to England by Captain Sir Edward Parry ^ R.N.
A dart-thrower, from Point Barrow ; two large teeth of the walrus, from
Behrins's Straits ; small harpoon, tipped with meteoric iron, bone swords
hollow bone instrument for sucking water out of a pond, and bone in-
strument used in seal fishing, from Igloolik ; seal skin, dressed by the
Esquimaux of Savage Island, Hudson's Straits ; skin bucket, water-
vessel, from Winter kland ; Estj^uimaux woman's hair ornaments, from
Savage Island; bundle of hair; harpoon made of bone and me-
teoric iron; stick to aid in throwing darts, from Point Barrow; knife;
part of a bone spear, from Igloolik; part of a bird dart, made of bone
and whalebone, from Savage Island; an Esquimaux landing net,
formed of bone and whalebone, from Kotzebue Sound; sail^ made
from the intestines of the whale, from Nootka Sound. Over this Case
are a sledge, firom Baffin's Bay, brought to England by Sir E, Parry^
M,N,<t and a canoe from Behring's Straits. Combs, harpoon-points,
swivels, toys, and various bone instruments, from Hudson's Straits^
JProm Sir Hans Shane* s Collection,

Cases 16, 17. N. W. Coast of America. — Shelf 1. Toma-
hawk, clubs, knives, adzes, and a wooden coat of armour. Shelf 2.
Various fishing lines; hooks, line for a harpoon, lines made of
sinews and seaweed (a species of fucus) ; various hooks, and models
of fishing canoes, and of natives with their dresses; quivers, with
arrows tipped with bone, and harpoons from Nootka Sound and
Oonalashka. Presented hy Sir Joseph Banks, Captain James
Cooky R.N., Archibald Menzies, Esq,, and R, Brinsky Hinds, Esq,
Shelf 3. Waterproof fishing jackets, made of the intestines of the
ivhale, from Nootka Sound ; several caps of wood, representing the
heads of beasts, birds, or seals ; head of wood, ornamented with bristles;
caps of various shapes and colours, some of basket work, with re-
presentations of the whale fishery, worked in colours ; others resem-
oling those on the head of the figures in the model canoes ; line for
harpoon, made of sinew ; others for fishing, made of seaweed ; fishing
arrows, and harpoons, with detaching points of bone, from Nootka and
Oonalashka. Presented by Hie same.

Cases 18, 19. N. America. — Shelf 1. Specimens of sculpture, rude
imitations of the human form, women carrying children ; masks ; birds
made of wood, and containing stones, used as rattles, from Nootka
and Oonalashka. Shelf 2. Clubs, hatchets, combs, spoons, eating
howls, hooks, lines ; bread made of the inner bark of the pine tree ;
Icnives, and spoons, from the north coast of America, Oonalashka, and
^ootka. Lip ornaments from Oonalashka. Slate pipe-bowls, cu-
riously carved, from Nootka Sound : one presented by Mr, J, Dou^

ROOM.] ARTICLES. 245

hUday. Bows and arrows ; hooks used in the salmon fishery. Pre-
sented by Lieut Hally M.N. Shelf 3. Snow-shoes, modeN of canoes,
bracelets, earrings, from the north-west coast of America. Magic drum
of an loeland witch.

Cases 20, 21. N.America. — Shelf I. Various specimens of basket
work from the north coast. Shelf 2. The inner bark of a species of
cypress (cupressus thuyoides), in its different states of preparation, for
making mats, articles of dress, &c. ; a garment or cloak, painted with
human figures, made by the natives of Banks's Island. Shelf 3. Mats
and cloaks made of the same material. One specimen, and needles for
making the same, presented by Lieut, HaU, R.N.

Case 22. N. America. — Shelf 1. Seal-skin dress, dog harness for
a sledge, and throwing stick, from Labrador. Shelf 2. Child's cradle,
scalps; calumets, or pipes; beads and necklace; model of a cradle,
showing the manner in which the Flathead Indians of the Columbia
River compress their children's skulls. Indian spoon, made of the
bone of a Penguin. Bracelets. Presented by it. Brinsley Hinds,
Esq,, R^N. Shelf 3. Model of a canoe, made of birch bark, and
pair of flower-pots, made of the same and quills of the porcupine, the
work 'of the Mic-mac Indians. Presented by Dr. Parish. Baskets
of the same ; pipe, roll of tobacco, and vase, from Canada. Wampum
belts of the North- American Indians; boxes of birch bark ; two ancient
Carnb idols and celts from Jamaica; belts used by the Iroquois
Indians to bind their prisoners.

Cases 23, 24. Mexico. — Shelf 1. Bows made of sinew and wood,
and arrows tipped with obsidian, from Port Trinidad and California.
Shelf 2. Objects from Mexico : — various terracotta figures of divi-
nities and chiefs, &c., from the tombs of Anahuac ; and other terra-
cotta figures, collected by Mr. Bullock; two statues and five frag-
ments of terracotta, found on the mountains of Tezeossingo, in the
pyramids of St Juan de Toetiutican ; a small terracotta sitting figure,
similar to an Egyptian sphinx; an adze; a heart-shaped amulet of
serpentine, with engraved characters resembling hieroglyphics ; small
idols of rude workmanship, and of various forms; a mask of stone;
head of a boy, in basalt ; several knives formed of obsidian, with two
of the larger pieces from which they have been split. Shelf 3. Two
vases of alabaster, one with the head and arms oi a monkey sculptured
on it, the other with the head and tail of a cock ; an Aztec mirror, made
of a plate of obsidian, polished on both sides ; a large double bottle
of black earthenware, one of the bottles with the head of a dog, the
other with that of a bird ; a small black vase in the shape of a dog ;
a small vase-shaped statue; a bust of a female, sculptured in lava, with
a turreted head-dress, having some resemblance to the Egyptian Isis ;
another of a priest, with a mitre-shaped cap, decorated with jewels
and a feather, and with long pendent earrings; the greater part of his
body is covered by a large snake, its head being on the right side of the
statue ; the eyes of this bust were probably supplied by jewels ; statue
of an Aztec princess, in a sitting posture, her feet bent under her, and
ber hands upon her knees, probably one of the Penates, or household
cods; three heads of Mexican divmities; a conical object resemblins^
tne pestle of a mortar; and two vases. Presented by Capt Vetch, R.N,
Caies 25, 26. MEXico.-^Shelf 1. Large vases, with figures in front>

M 3

n

246 MiaCBLLANEOUS [kTHNOGB i PBlCUf .

in bas-jreliet oneremaiikably fine and coloured, from the island of Saai«
ficioa, ezcafated by Copf am JSvon iV<^Man, £JV. Sbelf2. Various idols
and fragments of otheis, one or two hoUow and rattUni^ ezcwFaied in
the island of Sacrificios, off Vera Cruz, by CaptainJSwm Ndpea/h i2JV*
These are the work of the Af tec or Toltee inhabitants, prenous to the
Spanish invasion. Shetf 3. Two stone troughs, with their roUers for
hmising corn or maize; varions vaaea, some inscribed with patterns ^ce
the hieroglyphics, others with their sides open, simposed by some to he
for holding the hearts of human victims, others mtn perforated bottomCy
like colanders ; the handl€« of some of these vases are modelled to
represent the human figure. Excavated in the island of Sacrificiog by
(iwtain Evan Nepeany B.N,

Cases 27, 28. Mexico Shelves 1,2, 8. Vasesof variousstyles, many

coloured with ornamental designs, similar to those found in the temples
of Mexico and central America ; stmie terminate in the heads of buds
and animals, and have this part movable; odiers have singular, pro-
bablyhieroglyphical, devices; among these are two yery interesting
patterns, of a red and orange colour, exactly like the Greek egg and
tonffue and wave ornament. In one of these vases is a fragment of
gM leaf, found with it ; all the work of the Aztecs or Toltecsy and
excavated by Captain Evan Ntpeaut R,N,, at Saorificios.

Cases 29, 80. Shelf 1. Larger vases, some with three hollow leet,
with earthen balls, rattling like cascabels, others flat and on a stand,
apparently for cooking or holding viands. Excavated at Sacrificios,
by Captain Evan Nepean^ R.N. Shelf 2. Bone objects, some pins,
ornamented with hiero^yphical devices, perhaps used to tniust
through the tongue and limbs, which was called the saorifice of these
parts by the natives; shells; tusks of the peocary; knives and
arrow heads, made of obsidian or volcanic glass; objects resem-
bling stamps, but perhaps let in as ornaments of buildings, with
hieroglyphical devices ; large series of conical perforated elects, or-
namented with native devices, apparently used as buttons or studs;
cascabels of bronze, one with a native head on it, also worn on the dress
in religious rites. All from the island of SacrifioioB, and escavated
by Captain Evan Nepean, B.N. Shelf 3. Arm made of coral ; va-
rious fragments of figures and vases from the excavation at Sacrificios.
Two skidls found in this island have been transferred to the Zoological
department ; most of these objects were found below the aUuvialsoil
of which the island is constituted.

Cases 31, 32. Guiana. -^ Shelf L Baskets, the work of the
natives, a hammock, and small dishes, bowls, and bottles of a rude
and very coarsely-painted earthenware. Preeented by Sir JR. JQT.
Schomburgkt Knt^ and H. C Rothery^ Esq. Shelf 2. Various
caps, feather chaplets, and plumes, made of macaw's feathers ; sandals,
calabashes, necklaces, &c., from British Guiana. Presented by Sir
R. Schombwrgk. Bamboo hat, small blue ootton wia^^per of the
loins of the negroes, and two egg-shaped calabash ornaments worked
W the same, from French Guiana. Presented by H. C Rothery,
Esq.. Shelf 3. Long basket for expressing the juice of the cassada
root; grater for the same; bamboo staff for directing the dances;
mahra, or mahraka, of the An^waaks, and another of the Carribeos,
for directing the dances; flutes and drum of the Maoooiies;

E«Oir.] ABTlflLlt. d47

dmn; bottle wilb an earthy aecymeBt med imtead of salt; rolls
of cotton ; teeth of the peeoary ; all from Brkifh Guiana. Prettnted
hf Sir R, Sehomhwrgk. Flute from French Guiana. Presented 6y
& a Boihenf, Etq.

CaMs S3, 34. S. America. — Shelf 1. Bowa and arrows, some with
detadnng points for fisfai^, others poisoned, from Britirii and FVench
Guiana. Pretmied by J^ R, Sehfrnhurgk, and H, C, Rotkerp, Esq.
Shelf 2. Blow-pipes for shooting poisoned arrows; quiyers with poi-
soned arrows and dnbs of Maeoosies. Presaded by Sir R, Sckom*
burgk. Shelf 3. Ancient vases from Para; odabashes, and TamiBhed
bowl ; bowl made by the negroes ot Para ; leathern water bottle ;
bag, spurs, from Para. Presented by Reginald Orah€m,JEsq, Bark,
of winch the vamished bowls are made. Blowpipe for projecting poi-
soned arrows, and quiver containing them, with the teeth and jaw of
a fish for sharpening the points, nom S. America ; large blow-pipe
for projecting poisoned darts ; baisket containing a bundle of darts, and
cotton of the borabax heptaphyllon for plugging them; small jar con-
taining the poison for tippmff the poisoned darts, and a spoon for
laying on th« poison ; from the province of Para, Brazils. AU pre^
$mted by Capt. Sir E. Home, R,N, Armlet used by tibe women of
the island of ot. Thomas. Presented by Michel Martinez^ Esq,

Case 35. S. Amebic a. — Shelf 1. A dried body of a female,
with necklace round the neck, from New Granada. Presented by
W. Turnery Esq., H, M, Envoy to Colombia, Shelf 2. Dried body
or mummy, surrounded by its cotton cloth or wrappers, some oma*
nwnted with native patterns, from a cave near Gadiansipa, in the can-
ton of Leiva, about 29 miles from Bogota, New Granada, presented
bjf R, Btmek, Esq., of H, M. Legation; and a head found with
it. Mummy of a child from Arica, in Peru. Presented by Lord
Odckester, Cloth which enveloped the dead bodv of the ancient
Peruvians; cups, a harpoon, sling, fishing line, fishes' eyes, basket,
and Indian com from the tombs of the children of the ancient Peru-
vians ; the fflobular vessels wtere placed with the Indian com under the
breasts of uie dead bodies. Presented by the Rev, W, V, Hennah,
Tliree mortars, silver images of a divinity, and of Lama, from the tombs
of the aboriginal inhabitants of liie lake Titicaca. Three gold figures
and a plate of gold with a human figure beaten up, from S. America.
CoOected by J, Pentlandf Esq,, and presented by the Earl Dudley,
Silver masi» and earrings, ftom the huacas or ancient cemeteries at
Cacamaca, in the district of Pura, on the coast of Peru ; bronze chisel,
found at Truxillo. Presented by N, R. Brassey, Esq,

Cmcb 36, 37. S. America. — Shelf 1. Vessels of black ware, from
the cemeteries of Peru ; some double, and producing the sound of a
whirtle when blown into, others modelled to represent the human shape,
and various animals. Shelf 2. Vases of red ware of various shapes,
many ornamented with native patterns, others modelled to represent the
hwDsn form, apes, &c The most remarkable of these are a vase mo-
delled in shi^ of a human head, and another like a sitting figure ; made
by ancient inhabitants of the islands on the lake Titicaca ; stone vases
in the shape of the Llama, from the temple of Cuzco. Presented by
the Earl Dudley and Gilbert Brandon, Es^, Shelf 3. Bows and
arrows, -said to be from the tombs of the time of the Incas, some

248 MISCELLANEOUS [ETHNOGRAPHICAL

from Moxas and Sorata. Presented by Giibert Brandon^ Esq.
Bows and poisoned arrows, a quiver formed of palm leaves containing
small poisoned arrows, a bag of netted twine with bombyx, and som^
poisoned arrows, from the Indians of the Maranon. Presented by
Lieut. H, Lister Mawey R.N. Staff, and paddle of the ancient
Peruvians, from a tomb near Yea. Presented by JBelford Hinton^
Wilson, Esq. A pair of boots ornamented with leather of different
colours, and with pointed toes; a leathern whip ; some arrows from the
interior of Peru ; a coat of mail formed of seven folds of horse skin,
used by the Araucarian Indians, on the W. Coast of S. America. An
interesting sacrificial bason, of hard stone, ornamented with serpents,
s^d to have been the sacrificial vase of the temple of the Sun at
Cuzco. Given by General Bolivar to Mr. Pentland, H. M. ConsuU
ijleneral at Bolivia. Presented by Earl Dudley.

Cases 38, 39. S. America. — Shelf 2. Objects from Patagom*a»
consisting of a pair of spurs, a couple of balls united by a cord, used
to destroy wild animals ; and a pair of rattles, all from the coast of
Patagonia ; two baskets made of a species of juncus, two water baskets
made of the bark of the birch, a bladder containing a pigment, with
Tattles used by the Patagonian Indians, gourd for holding water, and
tube for sucking it out, from Patagonia. Presented by Harro Herring^
Esq. A quiver, some arrows and bow, the rope of a canoe, a neck-
lace formed of shells, and an axe, the iron probably obtained frx>m
»n Knglish or American ship, from Tierra del Fuego ; bone tools from
the same place. Presented by H. Cuming, Esq. Shelf 3. A straw
hat, a poncho or cloak, shoes, spurs, and stirrups, from Chili. Presented
by Mr. Sinclair.

Case 40. An inlaid box or basket from the Pelew Islands. Pre-
seated by Dr. J. X). C. Packman.

Cases 41, 42. Erroob or Darnley Island. — Shelf 1. Bows
and arrows, spears and javelins. Shelf 2. Mask for dancing, made of
Iiair and tortoise-shell, wig, combs, water bottles. Shelf 3. Caba
nessoors, or petticoats, mside of plantain and grass. These objects
were partly procured during the expedition of H.M.S. Fly, and
presented by Captain J. Ince, R.N., J* B. Jukes, Esq., and Mr. Bell,
II.N. ; and partly by H.M.S. Rattlesnake, under the late Captain
Owen Stanley, R.N.

Cases 43— 48. New Guinea. — Shelf 1. Bows, arrows, spears,
and fishing spears. Shelf 2. Head ornaments, combs, necklaces, ear-
rings, calabashes and spoons used for betil chewing, hatchets, and
netting apparatus, from the south coast of New Guinea and the Louisi-
ade Archipelago. Shelf 3. Shield, drums, canoe ornaments, earth-
enware pots, nets, petticoats, &c., from the same places. The greater
part of the objects in this collection were collected by the late Captain
Owen Stanley, R.N., during the voyage of H.IV1.S. Rattlesnake;
4ind presented by Mrs. Stanlof, 1851.

Cases 49, 50. Figi Islands. —Shelf 1. Clubs and fishing baskets*
Shelf 2. Combs, bracelets, fringes, and matting. PresenUd by M..
SiiebeL Bottle of red earthenware. Presentedby HER MAJESTY.
Another. Presented by Captain Sir Everard Home, Bart., R.N.,
Shelf 3. Likurs or petticoats. Presented by R. Brinsley Hinds, Esq^
Cloth made of the paper mulberry. Presented by M. StiebeL

EOOM.] ARTICLES. 249

Cases 51 , 52. Polynesia. — Shelf 1. Six carved paddles, iroixi the
Livavai, or Hi kland ; boat scoop of similar construction, for baling
water out of a canoe ; two shell trumpets, fi'om Anaa, or Chain
Island. Shelf 2. Six idols in the shape of the human fonn ; ri^ht hand
and arm carved ; three obsidian chisels ; rope of human hair, from
Easter bland ; feather epaulet ; judge's cap of feathers ; four feather
earrings ; plaited human hair, from Anaa, dr the Chain Island ; two
caps of conical shape, with feathers externally ; interior of feather cap ;.
chief's fly flap, from the island of Toubonai ; two hatchet heads, from
Pitcaim Island ; fish hook and line ; bundle of fish hooks, from the
Society's Islands ; another bundle of fish hooks from Oparaa ; shell
necklaces, from Lord Mulgrave's Island; necklaces. Shelf 8. Mat
girdle of the king of Roatonga; three specimens of cloth, coloured
black and white, of the paper mulberry from Roatonga ; three femde*
sumnner and three winter dresses, from Oparaa ; entire dress of the
queen of Whitsuntide Island ; man's dress made of fine mat, from
Anaa, or the Chain Island ; five specimens of cloth, made of the paper
mulberry tree, coloured maroon, yellow, and white; two others co-
loured red; and two others coloured white; from Pitcaim Island;
all the above objects presented by Hugh Cuming, Esq. Three bands
of matting used as maros, and a stone club for bruising the nuts of the
J^andanus; from Egmont Island. Presented by Contain Beesleyy RJV,

Cases 53, 54. Marquesas and Sandwich islands. —Shelf 1.
Various sun frms and specimens of basket work; bracelets, aprons,
and other ornaments made of the thigh bones of a small bird;,
bracelets made of boars' tusks and tortoise-shell ; various gorgets made
of red reeds; necklace and other ornaments; coverings for the leg
made of shells, reed, and teeth, used in dancing ; round mirrors, made
of a black slaty stone, wetted when used; quoits, weights, &c..
Shelf 2. Fishing hooks, made of bone and shells ; saws made of
sharks' teeth, and other tools ; necklaces made of beads, shells, &c ;
calabash. Shelf 3. Specimen of cloth, made of the paper mulberry
(Broussonetia), used for winter and summer clothes.

Cases 55, 56. Sandwich Islands.— Shelf 1. Three grotesque
heads made of red feathers of the bird certhia vestiaria, shells, &c,
worshipped as idols; smaller kind, of wood; four helmets, imitating in
shape those of the Greeks and Romans, made of the same red, black,,
and yellow feathers; collar of the same; two collars of several eyes
tied together. Shelf 2. Elegant cloak of red and yellow feathers ;
three collars or tippets of the same pattern and colour ; another cloak
of red and yellow, and with feathers; three tippets of similar feathers^
tippet, smaller, of black and yellow feathers ; three feather ornaments ;
five collars of similar ornaments ; two bundles of similar feather oma*
ments ; two muffs or breast-plates of the same ; four fly-flaps of red
feathers and cocoa-nut; the bird certhia vestiaria, of whose feathers
these ornaments are made.

Case 57. Tahiti. War- dress made of feathers, mother-of-pearl,
cocoa-nut fibre, and mulberry cloth.

Cases 58, 59. Tahiti.— Shelf 1. Baskets. Shelf 2. Petticoats,
tattooing implements, &c. Shelf 3. Cloth made of the paper mul-
berry.

Cases 60, 61. Tahiti.— Shelf 1. Fishing nets, spears, &c. Shelf 2.

^BO MIBCBU.AH80IT8 [eTHNOOBAPHICA]^

Hitdiete^ iafaifig books, woodeii piUovii, toeli. Shelf a Drams^
oilabiihet,.iioie floiei, bread fruity aod wooden boot ecoop. '

Coses &2, 68u PaiBNiXLy lOLAinM.— Sfaelf 1. Baskets, woodeii
dUies. Shdf & Combs, biooelets, neoklaoes, sose fludse. Shelf a
Woodeii idols from forioiis parts of Polynesia.

Cases 64, 65. Fuemdly Jshmbs* — Sbelf 1. Basket of ooooa-not
fibre, diequer pattern; another of oocoa-nut fibres and shell, inlaid with
toitoise-sh^; Kmr boskets or bags of ooeoa«nut fibres and tortoise-shell i
tmo cylindiicid baskets of the^same ; one globular basket of the same ;
oral basket, with vaadjdfied patterns, of the same s globular basket, with-
out sheUs ; basket of coane oonstruction, with a oofer ; three basket of
rushes; two head shades ; ball of eocoa-aut rope. Shelf 2. Four coils
of rope of ooeoa-nttt fiibte; eight hanks of rape of cocoa-nut fibre ;
three models <^ oasoes, with outriders, like Malay proas, one pre^
seated hf CapL Sir E, Bekker, RJ>f,; thirty-six various hooks in
imitation of artificial fish, made of mother-of-pead and feathers ; two
stones with c^nfMca or cowrie shells, to sink a net; safe, consisdnff
of a fdate wiith pendent pieces oi wood and hooks for attaching fooa
baskets, snd with figures painted on it ; two rssps made of shark's skin ;
smdl hatchet, with a bone blade ; another with a blade of green jade ;
and two others with blades of shell; two dubs; tatooing instru«
ments; knitting needle; bone instrument; six Pandssan pipes ; idol
of wludebone or ivory ; idol, attached to -a kind of cowrie shell ; piece of
stick, with four cowries. Shelf 3. Casting net ; landing net, for lai^ge
fish; two wooden head-rests or pillows; strip of the paper mulb^nry
mraared for making cloth. Preaented bjf Sir JEverani Moms, JBart,^
JLN, Two girdles, one for dancing, of cocoa-nut fibre, birds' tails,
&C. ; six open net girdles of cocoa-nut fibre, one of a dun colour ; spe-
cimen of paper mulbeny, fawn colour; three specimens of cloth of
giper mulberry, with pattms in maroon, black and white ook>ur ; stick
om the same. From the Friendly Islands.
Cases 66, 67. Natigator IsLANOSi^— Shelf 1. A short club
with conical and pointed head, firom Tonsa Idand ; two others with
head in shape of hawks* bills, firom the Me of Pines; two dubs
one ornamented wkh a kind <^ native fiinge round the handle, and
one spindle-shaped, firom Tanna; various other dubs firom the
same islands; bows and isrrows fi?om Euramengo, or Enramango, and
N a v i gators' Islands. Shelf 2. Tortoise-shell bonnet, in tmitatioii of an
European one, made of thin plates of shell sewed together, and trimmed
with part of a cotton stuff; comb with four teeth ; above a band ; two
combs simifer; two fly-flaps; two feather ornaments; two hemp
brashes or fly-flaps, one coloured black, the other white; net, witn
bark for floi^ and shdl for leads; fishing line; two fishing lines
and hooks ; tobacco pipe ; wooden smoomer or rasp, with shark
skin, fit)m Navigatocs' Islands : bamboo comb ; New Caledonia*
Presented by HER MAJESTY, Two leaf-shaped combs, one ptv-
semted by CapL Sir E^Bdcher, ILN. Two spear loops ; hatchet, blade
of green jade (nephrite), from New Caledonia; buikch of cYd/ets hair,
from the Island of Tanna. All the above objects presented by HER
MAJESTY. Another bonofa of hair, fix)m Tanna. Presented bf
J* Rennet, Esq, Shelf 3. A wooden image, household god of a chief;
four pieces 4>f cMi of the paper mulbeDj, stained of a. noanxm colour.

AOOM.] MXICLSS. (261

used by females to encircle their waists; four pieces of ckth of the
p^per mulberry, coloured white and lawn colour, with patterns of crosses.
staiM, &Q, ; two female girdles, made of the pajper mulberry, coloured
white and black, the only clothing of the natives m Navigators' Islands;
two pieoe^sf mattiog^ fine; sbaggv hemp mat; three pieces of matting
for aleeping on. Navigators* Islands; four pieces of fine of cocoa-nut
Sbre i piece of matting trimmed ; mantle of a chie^ made of a mat;
New Caledonia. Presented hy HER MAJESTY.

Fishing basket for catching the marine worm, soZo/a viridie (Gray),
which appears only on one day annually, from the Navigators' IslandL
JPregented by the jRev. 71 B. Stair. Sampler of a girl, twelve years of
age, native of Apia, Island of Upolu, Navigators' Group. Presented
by Captain Sir Everard Home, Bart. R.N.

Cases 68, 69. New Zealand.— Shelf I. Various clubs; divinl>
ties; and warlike and other instruments. Spear, one end flat and
like the blade of an oar, for striking, the point carved to represent the
head of a man, the ton^ie projecting. Presented by Capt, Sir E. Home,
JLN, Shelf 2. Surnry woven articles; belts; fishing nets; hooks;
cordage ; articles of ornament ; combs ; necklaces ; carvings on wood
and hone ; pipes ; and other musical vnnd instruments ; warlike in-
struments ; conchs used in war ; saws made of sharks* teeth, for dis-
sectinff bodies of slain enemies; two human hands, parts of the body
of a dain enemy ; tools of various kinds, with iron or stone blades ;
from New Zealand. Shelf 3. Model of a canoe, with mat sail, boat
scoops. Presented by Mr. Chapman, Various wooden boxes orna-
mented with native carvings ; and various specimens of matting and
cordage, mostly made of the New Zealand hemp (Phormium Tenaz).
Coait of Eh runi, a chief of the Pa of Ki Warra, entirely made of
native flax. Wellin^^ton, New Zealand.

Above this Case is the prow of the canoe of the celebrated New
Zealand chief, Heki. Presented by Captain Sir Everard Home,
Bart, RN.

Cases 70, 71. Austeaua. — Shelf 2. Shield ; hielieman or shield,
from Port Philip. Presented by the Rev. Aug. Strong. Hielieman
or shield used by the natives of the interior. Presented by Sir T.
MitcheU. Two nieliemans or shields, from the Swan River, one pre"
sented by J. Neil Talbot, Esq. Three womerahs from Port Philip.
Presmtted by the Rev. Augustus Strong. Three womerahs, or sticks
for throwing spears ; the pointed part is put to the end of the spear to
aid in the hurhng. Presented by J. Neil Talbot, Esq., and CapU J.
Ince, R.N. Womerah or throwing stick, painted red, from Port Es-
sington. Presented 6v Capt. J. Ince, R. N. Womerahs of diflferent shapes
from Cape York. Presented by Capt. J. Ince, R.N. Another from the
N.E. coast. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq. And another from the
same locality ; throwing sticks procured during one of the early voyages,
from Australia ; bomeranss, or fowling sticks, which, if they do not hit
the object, return to the thrower; one from Port Philip. Presented by
Lieut Ince, R.N. From the interior. Presented by Sir T. Mit"
dieU. From New South Wales. Presented by Captain J. Ince, R.N.
And from Swan River. Presented By J. Neil Talbot, Esq. Three
hooked staves or clubs. Presented by the Rev. Augustus Strong.
Two knives, the blade of tho one set with small pieces of glass, of the

252 MEDAL BOOM.

other with flint, fixed by gum ; six hammers, head of stone, ce-
mented with a kind of gum, for notching trees, used by the
natives of Swan River. Presented by J, Neil Talbot, Esq. A waddy ;
a smaller or so called piccaninny waddy or club ; a k'hatha or diggrini^
stick; andaAie/iemanor shield; from Adelaide, S. Australia!^ Presented
hy Mr, Hexter. Shelf 3. Head ornament of emu feathers ; Australia,
Presented by the Earl of Derby. Necklace of teeth oY kangaroo ; two
necklaces of emu feathers; reed necklace, from Port Philip. Presented
by the Rev. Augustus Strong. Man's hat, shaped like a bee-hive, of plaited
grass ; cloak made of kangaroo skin ; three bags of red paint for orna-
menting the person ; two ornaments of tufts and skin ; two feather
ornaments ; three grass ornaments ; two bone ornaments for the nose,
from the Swan River ; leather bag of kangaroo skin ; spinning jenny
two muUers for grinding com, from the Swan River. Presented by J,
Neil Talbot, Esq. Four mullers for the same purpose, from Australia.
Presented by Grovemor Sir George Grey. Net bag from N. E. coast of
Australia. Presented by J. B. Jukes, Esq. Another similar net bag,
from the interior ; reticule or basket ; piece of ffum used as a glue
for spear heads ; piece of cord made of grass ; snell used as a knife ;
balyan root, a kind of cotyledonous plant used by the natives as food.
The above objects from the interior of Australia, collected durine
the Exploring Expedition, and presented by Lt.- Col. Sir T. MitcheS,

Cases 73, 74. Shelf 1. Eastern Archipelago Blow-pipe for

projecting poisoned arrows, to the end of which is attached a spear-
head in the manner of a bayonet, and quiver containing the pointed
darts, and pith for plugging them; brought from the west coast of
Borneo by Dr. Visten ; reed blow-pipe for projecting poisoned darts ;
from the Island of Timor. Presented by Uapt. Sir E. Home, ILN.
Shelf 2. Dagger and necklace from Lord North's Island. Presented
by Mr, H. Price, Four Malay krises, or daggers, and a sheath. One
of them presented by R, S. Peberdy, Esq. Cloak made of the skin
of the tortoise-shell leopard, and feathers of the hombill. From Borneo.
Presented by Sir J. Brooke. Shelf 3. Shield, similar to those used
in the Isle of Guebe in the E. Archipelago ; mat from the island of
Temati. Presented by Dr. J. D, C. Packman,

EDWARD HAWKINS.

Apnl 20M, 1853.

MEDAL ROOM.

In this Room are preserved a large collection of Coins and Medals,
the basis of which was formed by the cabinets of Sir Hans Sioane and
Sir Robert Cotton, and which has been from time to time enlarged by
many valuable purchases and donations, especially by the munificent
donation of His Majesty, King George IV., by the bequests of
the Rev. C. M. Cracherode, R. P. Knight, Esq., and Miss Banks,
and the donation of W. Marsden, Esq. It is comprehended under the
three following heads :

1. Ancient Coins.

2. Modem Coins*
8. Medals.

FEINT ROOM. 25S

The first of these heads consists of Greek and Roman coins.

The Greek coins are arranged in geographical order, and include all
those struck with Greek characters, in Greece, or elsewhere, by kings,,
states, or cities, which were independent of the Romans. With thi»
class are placed likewise the coins of free states and cities, which made-
uae of eitner the Etruscan, Roman, Punic, Spanish, or other characters.

The Roman coins are placed, as far as it can be ascertained, in
chronological order. They consist of the As and its divisions ; Family
or Consular coins; Imperial coins struck in Rome; Imperial coins
struck in Egypt; Imperial coins struck with Greek characters, in
different states and cities subject to the Romans ; Imperial coins struck
in the Roman colonies ; Imperial coins struck with Punic characters ;
and Contomiates.

The second head, comprising modern coins, consists of Anglo-Saxon,
'English, Anglo- Gallic, Scotch, and Irish coins, and likewise the coins
of foreign nations. This class is arranged according to the respective
countries to which the coins belong, those of each country being kept
separate.

The third head consists of medals struck in our own and foreign
countries.

EDWARD HAWKINS.

April 20th, 1853.

PRINT ROOM.

This Room, at the north end of the west wing upon the ascent of the
staircase to the Egyptian Room, contains an extensive and valuable col-
ieetion of Prints and Drawings, an important part of which were
bequeathed by the Rev. C. M. Ckachskods and Richard Paynjb
Knight, Esq.

Several of the Egyptian Papyri written in the hieroglyphical,
hieratical, enchorial, or demotic character, which have been framed
and glazed, are arranged on the walls of the passage leading to this

Room.

The contents of the Medal and Print Rooms can be seen only by
very few persons at a time, and by particular permission.

HENRY ELLIS.

April 20th, 1853.

LIST OF THB

BRITISH MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS.

SnOH of tlie following Publications as haye prices aflheed to tlMm
be pnrchaied at the ICnsenm, and of Messrs. Longman and Co., W
Pickering, and P. and J), Oolnaghi and Co,

Desoiptionof the Ancient Terracottas, by T. Combe, 1810, 4to. £1 lis. 6(f.

Large paper, £2 12#. 6d.

Marbles, Part I., by the same, 1812, 4to. £1 5f.

Large paper, £1 15s.

Part IL, by the same, 1815, 4to. £2 12s. 6d.

- Large paper, £3 13s. 6d*

Part IIL, by the same, 1818, 4to. £1 10/.

Large paper, £2 2s

Part lY., by tiie same, 1820, 4to. £2 2s.

Large paper, £3 3#.

Part v., by E. Ha;wkins, 1826, 4to. £1 Is.

Large pi^er, £1 11#. 6dL

Part YL, by 0. B. CoekereU, 1880, 4to. £2 2s.

- Large paper, £3 3s.

Part YIL, by B. Hawkins, 1885, 4to. £2 2s.

Large paper, £3 3s.

Part YIII., by the same, 1839, 4to. £3 3s.

Lairge paper, £4 lis. 6d.

Part IX., by the flame, 1842, 4to. £2 2f.

— Large paper, £3 3s

Part X., by the same, 1845, 4to. £3 3s.

Large paper, £4 lis. 6d.

o r r — / — — — — " — —

Inscriptions in the Cuneiform Character, from Assyrian Monuments,

discoTcred by A. H. Layard, D.C.L., 1851, fol. £1 1*.
Yeterum Populorum et Begum Numi, ed. Taylor Combe, 1814, 4to.
Nummi Yeteres in Museo B. P. Knight ab ipso descripti, 1830, 4to. £1 16*.
Catalogue of the Anglo-Oallic Coins, by Edward Hawkins, 1826, 4to. £1 4*.

Greek and Etruscan Yases in the British Museum, yoL 1.

1851, 8vo. 5s.

■ Pine paper, 7s. CcU

<C0f 07 IBB Bftmm XVMUM FVBIiXCIIfflOm. «SS

Ontalogee of Printed Bo^s^ 1818^1819, 7to1s. 8w.

— Vol. 1, 1841, folio, 18*. aheeto,' 20». boards.

tiie Oottonisii M 88. hj J, Flaxvta, 1802, foHo.

Harleian MSS. by H. Wanley and Ber. B. Naret, 1808,

3 Tols. folio. With a 4th toL of Index.

K86. of tiM Ekgfs Library, by 2>» Ouley, 1784, 4to.

MSS. by Bo^ 8. Ayscongh, 1782, 2 toU. 4to.

US8. formoriy F. Haignwro's, by H. Bffii, 1818, 4to. 12».

LaafdowBO MSS. by F. Donee and H. BlKs, 1819, foL

Geogrsphical G(^leotion in ih% Library of E. Cfeo. Hi.

1829, 2 Toli. 8yo. £1 is,

Arundel MSS., 1884, fol. £1 8*. ; or witb col. Plates,

£4 14^. 6d.

Barney MSS., 1840, fol. 18«. ; or with coi. Plates, £8 8^.

Index to the Arundel and the Bnmey MSS., 1840, foL 15*.
Oaialogns Oodieum Manuicriptontm Orientatinm. Pars 1. Codices Syria-

cos et Carshunicos amplectens, 1838, fol. 12*.
. - ' ■ ■ ■ ' Pars 2» Oodicum Ara-

bicorum partem amplectens, 1846, fol. 14*.

■ Partis 2. continoatio,

. 1852, fol 14*.

Pars 3. Codices iBthio-

picos amplectens, 1847, fol. 10*.
Fac Simile of the Codex Alexaadrinus, 8 vols. fol. £18.
Index to Additional M^. acqnked between 1788-1885. 1849, fol.
List of Additions, MSS. 1836-1840, 8vo. 10*.

MSS. 1841-1846, 8vo. £1.

Catalogue of MS. Music in the British Museum, 1842, 8to. 5*.
MS. M^s, Charts, and Plans, 1844, 2 yds. 8to. £1.

Qreek Papyri in l3ie British Museum. Fart 1. 1889, 4to. 10*.
ItfUEige papei^ 15*.

Select Papyri in the Hieiatic Character. Part 1. 1841, £(^ £1 1*.

Part II, 1842, fol. £110«.

'. Part IIL 1844, fol. £1 16*.

Fragments of the Iliad of Homer from a Syriac Palimpsest, edited by

WilHam Cnreton, M.A., 181^1,^ 4to. large ^aper, SI. 8*.

small paper, 21, 2*.

Papyri in the HIeroglyphictuid Hieratic Characters, from the Collection

of the Earl of Behnore, 1843, fol. 6*.
Bgyptian Montmients, from the Collection of the Earl of Belmore, 184$^

fol. 15*.
JibliothecaGrenyilliana, PartlL 1848, 8vo. £1 11*. Od.
Catalogue of Mammalia, Part I. Cetacea, 1850, 12mo. 4*.
. Part II. Seals, 1850, 12mo. 1*. Qd,

256 LIST OT THE BBIIISH 1IU8BUX PUBUOAXIOHS.

Catalogae of Mammalia, Part III. Ungalata Furcipeda, 1852, 12iao. 12j.
Jost of Mammalia, 1848, 12mo. 28, 6d.

■ and Birds of Nepal, preaented by B. H. Hodgton, Esq.

1846, 12mo. 2s.

Birds, Part I. Baptorial, 2nd Edition, 1848, 12mp. 3f.

Fart II. Passeres, Sect I. Fissirostres, 1848, 12mo. 2s.

Catalogue of BeptUes, Part I. Tortoises, ^c, 1844, 12mo. Is.

Part II. Lisards, 1845, 12mo, 8«. 6d,

Part III. Snakes, 1849, 12mo. 2s, 6d,

. AmpMbiay Part II. BatracMa Gradientia, &c., 1850, 12mo»

2s, 6d.
List of Fish, Part I. Ohondropterygii, 1851, 12mo. Zs.

■ ■ Osteological Specimens, 1847, 12mo. 2s,

— — Lepidopterous Insects, Part I. Papilionidse, &c., 1844, 12mo.
II. ErycinidsB, &c., 1847, 12mo. 9ct

■ III. Appendix to Papilionidse, Eiy-

cinidse, &c., 1848, 12mo. 9d.

.Catalogue of Iiepidopterous Insects, Fart I, Fapilionidae, 1852, 4to.

i;. 6*.
List of Hymenopterous Insects, Fart I. Chalcididse, 1846, 12mo. Is. 6d.
Part II. Additions to Chalcidida, 1848,

12mo. 2s.

Dipterous Insects, Part 1. 1848, 12mo. 8^. 6d.

Part II. 1849, 12mo. Zs. 6d.

Part III. 1849, 12mo. 8«.

Part IV. 1849, 12mo. Ss,

Homopterous Insects, Part 1. 1850, 12mo. Zs. 6d.

Fart II. 1850, 12mo. 5s.

Part III. 1851, 12mo. Zs. 6d.

Fart IV. 1852, 12mo. 4a.

Hemipterous Insects, Part 1. 1851, 12mo. 7s.

Fart II. 1862, 12mo. 4*.

Komenclature of Coleopterous Insects, Part I. Cetoniadse, 1847, 12mo. Is.

Part II. Hydrocantbari, 1847,

12mo. Is. Zd.

Part III. BuprestidsB, 1848, 12mo^

1*.

Part IV. CleridsD, 1849, 12m©.

Is. Zd.

Part VI. Passalidae, 1852, 12mo,8rf.

Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects, Part VII. Longicornea I. 1853, 12mo*

2s. 6d.
liist of the Coleopterous Insects, Part I. Cucujidae, &c., 1851, 12mo. 6df

• Crustacea, 1847, 12mo. 2s.

Myriapoda, 1844, 12mo. 4d.

LIST or THB BBITI8H XTTSIinC PVBUCATIOITS. 5257

Catalogue of Nenropteront Infectf, Part I. Phryganidei — Perlides, 1852,

12mo,2t 6d.

_ Part II. Sialidflo — Nemopteridet, 1853,

12mo, Zs, 6d.

the MoUoica, Part I. Ceplialopoda^ Antepedia^ 1849,

12mo. 4s.

Part II. Pteropoda, 1850, 12mo. 1*.

Part IV. Brachiopoda Ancylopoda, 1853,

12mo. 8«.

Bivalye Molluaca, Part I. Placentadse and Anomiadae*

1850, 12mo. id,
Komenclature of Mollnscom Animali and Shells, Part I Oyclophoridae,

1850, 12mo. If. 6d,
Catalogue of Phaneropnenmona, 1852, 12mo. Ss.'
List of the British Animals, Part I. Badiata, 1848, 12mo. 4#.

Part II. Sponges, 1848, 12mo. lOd.

Part III. Birds, 1850, 12mo. is.

— Part IV. Crustacea, 1850, 12mo. 2s, 6d,

. Part V. Lepidoptera, 1850, 12mo. 5s,

: Part VI. Hymeuoptera Aculeata, 1851,

12mo. 2s4

Part VII. Hollusca, Acephala, and Brachio-

poda, 1851, 12mo. Zs, 6d,

Part VIII. Fish, 1851, 12mo. 3*.

Part IX. Bggs of British Birds, 1852, 12mo.

2s, 6d.

Part X. Lepidoptera (continued), 1852,

12mo. 2s,

Part XI. Anoplura, 1853, 12mo. Is,

Part XII. Lepidoptera (continued), 1852,

12mo. 9d,
Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa, Part I. Cheilostomata (Part), 1852, 12mo.

17*.
List of Donations, 1828, 4to. Zs,
— 182d, 4to. 8*.

1830, 4to. Zs,

Additions, 1831, 8to. 7s.

1832, 8vo. Ts,

1883, 8vo. 7s.

— 1834, 8vo. 12*.

1835, 8yo. 12i.

Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum^ 12mo. 1*.
B&iTiSH MiTSEUX, April 20, 1853.

PRICES OF CASTS

FROM ANCIENT MARBLES, BRONZES^ ETC.,

iir

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

EGYPTIAN SALOON.

Nof.

16.

26.

24.

48.

6».

17. Head from Strcopfaqgus

Amenophis III., bust of .
Seti Menephta II., bust of
Rosetta Inscrijption
Banofre, a Scnbe .

1847.

Nos.

6w a^

ASSYRIAN SCULPTURES.

1I995.

1849.

8.
11.
12.
13.

5.

6.

7.

8.
20.

2a

9.

la

19.

Large Lion .
Nimroud Obelisk .
Small human-headed Bull
Eunuch's Head, 19

SCULPTURES AND INSCRIPTIONS FROM
PERSEPOLISs yiz.

No. 84.
No. 85.
No. 86.
No. 89.
No. 90.
No. 91.
No. 92.

£ s.

it

15

12

6

6

1 16

^

16

1 10

2 S

O

2 9

2 3

2 3

2 3

2 3

2 3

2 S

2 3

e

2 3

2 3

Q

2 3

2 8

2 3

Q

2 3

15

3

6

15

12

8

8

7

^ 2

6

7

6

7 6
7 6

FBien OF CAnu,

FenepoKtaa figuie
Bitte .
Ditto • .

iNSCRIPTIONS FROM HADJI ABAD.

iBsizpitces . .

Stone with Cune^orm characters

Arabic Inscription on Tomb Stone

9»

£ 8, d.

4

4

4

2 2
2
15

GREEK SCULPTURES.
LYCIAN ROOM.

Cast of No. 1 (Harpy Tomb)

17

18

19

20

26

27

34

85

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

-^ 45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52 .

53 .

54 .

55

56

57

58

59 .

60

^ 61

62

63

separate slabs

. 9

. 2

. I

.

.

. I

.

*

.

. 1

.

. 2

. 1

. 1

. 1

. 1

. 2

. 1

. 1

. 1

. 2

. 1

. 1

. 1

. 1

. 1

.

. 1

. 1

. 1

. 1

. 1

.

. 1

. 1

.

. 1

. 1

10

19
12

1
19

13

13
11 6
15 6
11 6

7
18 6

14
11

8 6

7
1]

8 6
14

8 6

11

8

13

14
7

15

13
li

12
7

9

16

2 6

14
9 6
9 6

260

PRICES OF CASTS.

€a8tof No. 64 1 14

65 16

ee 17

67 12 6

• 71 12

142 9 7

162 13

163 10

ELGIN SALOON.

PABTHENON-FESIMENTS.

The first Nos. are those painted black. The Nos. in brackets are
painted red.

65, Hyperion. [^91.] .
Right Arm of. (separate)

66. Horses of Hyperion, Heads of. [92.]

71. Theseus. [98.]
Pi

[94.]

77. Ceres and Proserpine.
74. Iris. [95J .

72. Victory, Torso of. [96.'
-67. One of the Fates. [97.'

63. The Two other Fates. [97.]
€8. Horse's Head. [98.] .
70. Ilissus. [99.]
76. Cecrops, Torso of. [100.]

118. Minerva, Fragment of the Head of. [101.]

75. Body of. [102.]

201. Feet of, and laurel

[856.]

64. Neptune, Torso of. [103.1 .
271. Serpent, Fragment of. [104.]

69. Victory without wings. Torso of. [105.]

73. Latona, Fragment of. [106] .
156. Fragment of a Female Figure. [178.1
104*. Head . . . ...

105». Head

261. Fragment of an Arm. [310.]

264. [811.]

267. '

270.

271*.

a Leg. [312.1

an Arm. [313.]

[315.]

272. Fragment. [314.]

207. Ci^ital of a Column, one quarter. [112.]

. 16
.040
. 1 10
. 4 10
. 18
.500
. 1 10
.700
. 18
. 12
.500
. 1 10
.030
. 12

tree.

METOPES OP THE PARTHENON.

11. Metope, ri.'

2. — [2.

8. [3.

12. [4.'

15. [5.

16

1

2 6

1
1 5
15
8

7

4

4

4

4

16

4

18

1 15

2
2
1 12
1 15

PBICE8 or CASTS.

261

K08.

6. Metope.

4.

5.

18.

7.

1.

a

9.

U.

10.

A64.

A65.

hi.

12.

la

14.1
15.'
16.

143. Fragment, Torso of Youth. [319.1 .
79. Torso of Female. [821 .J .

894. Torso of Youth. [808.] .

Lion's Head, Spout. Cast from plaster. [892.]
Antefixal or Tile Ornament. [891.]

FRIEZE OF THE PARTHENON.

16. Three slabs.
17.

ja

18*. Slab of Youth. Cast from plaster. [20.] .

Slab (cast presented by Sir F. Chantrey), Old Man
leaning on staff • • . « . .

19. Single slab. [21.]

19*. Cast from plaster. [21.]

20. Single slab. [22.]

A 100. Cast from plaster. [28.]

21. Single slab. [24.]

22. [24.]

A 25. Cast from plaster. , [25.]

28. Single Blab. [26.]

a5*. [26.1

24.

84.

yu. '

177*.

85.

85**.

87. —

27.
2a
29.
29.
80.
'81.

-32-.
A 5. Cast from plaster.

[8a]

36. Single slab. [84.]
178*. Fragment
A 6. Cast from plaster. [85.]

88. Single slab.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

86

"87.1
r88,
89
40.1
41

£ ».

d.

1 15

1 17

6

1 15

1 17

6

2

2

1 15

2

2

1 15

2

2

8

8

8

10

9

8

8

8

8

12

1

10

1

1 18

1

7

6

I

1

10

1

1

8

4

1

1

1

1

1

8

6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

N

202

Kos.
aO. Single slab.

PRICB8 or CASTS.

88*.

82.

83.

88. Return. [46.

42."

4a

44.

45.'

46.'

146.1 :

89. Sin^eslab. [47.]
A 75. Cast from plaster.

A 76.

A77.

A 7a

A 79.

A 80.

A 81.

A 82.

A8a -:

A'84. ■■

A 85. — :

A 86.

A 86».

A 87.

Asa

A la

40*. Single slab. [62;]
A 14. Cast from plaster.
41. Single slab
41*. Fragment.
88**. Single slab
46.

48.
'49.
50.
51.
'52.
53.
'54.1
55.
56.
57
[58.1
'59

[62*.]

». [63,] .
. [64.1 .
Bib. [65.1 .

50

47. —

52. —
40. —
42. —
49.^^ —
45. —

48. —
48. —
44. —
51. —
88***.

53. —

54. —

56. —

55. —
15*

57. —

59. —
61. —

60. —

58. —

66.
67.
68.
69.
70.

r7i.

72.
7a
74
75.
76.
77.

7a1

79
80.
81.
82.
83.
[84.1
'85.
86.
87.
88.

£

s.

d..

7

3

6

10

13

1

6

1 •

18

16

PEICBS OF CASTS.

96. Single slab. £89.1
62. [90.]

• • • • • .03

, 10

62. Return. [90.] 9

10

1

1

1

16

16

263

. d.

A
A
A
M
A
A
A

1. [Cast from plaster]
2.

3.
4.

7.
8.
9.

A 10.
All.
A 12.

12
12
12
12

ERECTHEUM.

A 47. Ionic Capital, one half. [125.] . . . .1

one quarter

Pilaster of Capital 1

1.27. Part of Coffer. [117.]

299.. of Ceiling. [108.]

of Jamb of Door. [115.] . . . .

A 42. Caryatis, from Temple of Pandrosos . . .6

16
9

18
2
8
3

258. Frieze, single slab.

257.

259.

260.

TEMPLE OP NIKE AFTEROS.
158.

159.

160.*
161.'

Volute of Capital. [404.
Bas relief with two figures.

Cast from plaster. [ 1 59». ] I
with single figure. Cast from piaster. [ 160*. J 1

[161.]

14
14
17
17
5
16
2
11

TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT DAPHNE

2d5. Capital of Column, one half. [264.]

I 23. fece. [398.]

. 297. Quarter of Shaft. [265.] .

A 45. Part of Shaft. [134.]

A 46. Base of Column. [135.] .

I 41. Antefixal, or Tile Ornament.
I 42. ■ —

412.
413.
414.

6

6

6
6

15

8 6

15

1 6
16

18

TEMPLE OP CERES, AT BLEUSIS.

173. Fleuron. [169.] ....

ARCHITECTURAL FRAGMENTS FROM ATHENS.

102. Fragment of Capital of Corinthian Column. [268.] 6
I 34. Volute, N. Front of Acropolis. [410.] ' " '

I 35. Moulding. [407.]

6
6

2

2

2 6

2 6

2 6

264 PRICES OF CASTS.

Nos.

I 83. Antefixal, or Tile Ornament [417.] .

"'■ • •

STATUES.

306. Icarus [Apollo]. [113.] .

Head, cast from plaster. [106*.]

SEPULCHBAL UBNS.

148.
104.

107.
I 183.
284.
235.
236.
109.
247.
251.
103.
238.

94.
292*.
162*,

49.
112.
126.
236*
175.

84.

89.

82.
227.
101.
108.
213.

[199.1
[275.J

BAB-BELIEFS.

[176.]

''177*.]

189.1

193.'^

197.'

ri98."

'209.'

^214.'

'263.1

'278.

'279.T

'283.^

300.

"324.1

"330.

'335.

'336.

^351.

'861.

r37i.i

375.
'376.
"880.1
;383.1

004. J .....

Flcuron. [4iai

'429*.] .....

'435.]

[436.]

Cast from plaster. [437.] ....
[438.1 . . . .

— ^~"^~~~~~^~ 1 40S7. (•••..
Ornament of Stele. No. 7 . . .

TOMB OF AGAMEMNON, AT MYCENJE.

220. Part of Frieze. [177.]
221. -■ [180.]

£ s.

rf.

2

6

2

2 12

7

6

f

12

6

12

8

6

3

I

12

5

1

6

1

6

10

7

3

2

6

3

6

15

4

'0 2

1

6

2

6

1

1

6

2

6

5

4

3

6

6

8

3

6

4

6

18

10

12

16

18

6

6

6

1

FBICSI or CASTS'.

GREEK INSCRIPTIONS.

No8. £ 8. tL

XI L 58. Inscriptioii.
92.

214.

177.

802.

200.

E167*.] 9

E173.] ^ - ^

£266.
E 877.
E37a
E 379.'

7

5

8

8

7

XL 13. I. 5

XL 51. 4. 6

IIL 86. Alcamenes, Shield of 11

Damasicreon, Inscriptioii in honour of . ..050

PHIGALEIAN SALOON.

TEMPLE OF APOLLO.

28. Fragment of Metope . . . . .070

29. 7

SO. 7

26. Pali of Cornice . . . . . • .050
27. 15

The whole frieze in twenty-three pieces • • 30
Single slabs in proportion.

MAUSOLEUM AT HAUCABNASBUS.

Bas-reliefs, the set SO

No. 5 250

No. 9 . 18

Single slabs in proportion.

OLD TEMPLE AT BELINU8.

Head of Perseus Athene, and Gorgon, from the Metope
[Cast from plaster] 15

BASSI-BILISTI.

XL 6. 3. Offering of Philombrotus . . . .040

XL 6. 4. Lustration of a Horse by Hecate . . .050

IlL 5. Consulting the Delphin Deities . . . 14

III. 7. Hercules and Msenalian Stag . . . .040

III. 13. Offering to Apollo 8

IlL 41. Sepulchral Monument 15

III. 63. Stile of Exacestes 10

XL 6. 1. Tallon of Abeita 16

Scpulcrhal Stele 10

k2

nUQBt <tf CAfT8»

Nos.
IIL 28.
II. 8.

III. 22.

III. 37.
XIL la

VI. 22.
XL 2d.
XI. 22.

IV. 8.
VL 40.
III. S5,
XI. 18.
III. 24.

III. 43.

IV. 5.
VI. 60.
VL 64.
VL 62.
IIL 40*

IL 15.

VL 31.

VL 26.

II. 4.

IIL 18.

XIL la

VL 30.

VL 56.

IL la

IIL 45.

XIL 51.

IIL 21*

VL 19.

IL VL

ROMAN SCULPTURE a

STATUES.

£ S. d.

Nymph of Diana 1 10 O

Venus 5 O

Venus (Torso) 5

Venus (Torso) 9

Venus 10

Venus Architis 12

Hand holding Butterfly. [1250.1 . . .070

Cupid 15 O

Cupid .- 2 10

Bacchus 3

Bacchus and Ampelus 5

Ariadne 3 15

Pan (terminal) 1 10

Satyr (Rondinini Faun) 4

Satyr . . . . • . . . 1 15 O
Satyr • . . . • . . •150

Thalia 14 O

Muse 12 O

Muse I 5 O

Hercules 15 O

Hercules (Torso) . . . . . .050

Victory 1 10

Victory sacrificing a Bull 3 10

Ditto ditto 3 10

Canephora 5

Fortune 15

Hand holding pipe. [1251.] . . . .030

Colossal Toe 2 6

Sphinx . 2 10

Chimsera 12

Actseon 2

Paris 7

.Foot • . . . . . . .016

Goat's Head 7

Triangular base of a Candelabrum . . 1 15

Pig of Lead inscribed Dooritianus . . .040

Small Eagle 10

Head of large Eagle 2

BUSTS.

VL 15. Jupiter .

VI. 68. Jupiter Serapis

1 1. 1. Minerya

XIL 20. Minerva

XII. 4. Apollo .

XIL 2. Diana .

IL 19. Diana .

• • . . .

. 12

is .... ,

.080

. 15

. 18

. 10

. 10

.080

nucBs or caii& 1267

'Not. £ 8, d,

IIL 19. Bacchus 090

Bacchus ]4

XI. 84. Satyr 076

VL 41. Atys .056

XII. la Muse 050

VI. 47. Ajax 10 6

III. 25. Homer . . .' . . . . 12

III. 42. Periander 11

III. 82. Pericles 7

XL 46. Demosthenes 10

XL 28. Diogenes 9

XL 80. iBschines 11

IIL 34. Epicurus 10

XL 89. Julius Cffisar . . . . . . .060

XL 51. Augustus 10

VL 44. Nero . . 070

IV. 1. Trajan 18

XIL 18. Antinous 18

IV. 6. Marcus Aurelius 15

VL 35. Faustina Junior 15

VL 82. 6 6

VL 29. Severus 110

VL 51. Caracalla 11

VL 89. Otacilia Severa 6 6

IV. 4. German Prisoner 8

XIL 12. Unknown (Clytie) 10 6

VL 42. Female Bust 8 6

XIL la Bust of Youth 6

VASES.

IL 7. Vase 19

IL 9. Bacchic Vase 16

URNS.

V. 2. Roman Urn 12

V. 12. . 15

^ 14. 15

V. 36. 12

V. 87. 14

Alabaster Urn with Cover . . .050

BASSI-RILIBVI.

XL 1. 1. Minerva 4

XL 22. Apollo at Altar 8

XL 22. Sacrifice to Apollo 8

XL 4. Pluto and Fortune 7

VL 28. Bacchante .086

IIL 12. Bacchanalian Group 12

Satyr 7 6

IIL 11. Dioscuri 6

IIL 6. Castor 10 6

Not. £ •, d.

VL 54 Priam and AchUIes 8

III. 23. Apotheosis of Homer . . . • • 2

XL 11. Steeping Child 4 6

IIL 28*.Matk8 6

III. 24*. 14 O

IIL 26*. 2 6

IL 14. Pedestal with Terminal Figures and Birds .080

XIL 1. 01i?e and Vine Branches . . ■ • « • 10

VL 21. Ornament ^'

IIL 10. Festoon 8

IIL M. Branch OmameiU 8

LATIN INSCRIPTIONS.

VL 64. On ctppus of Antonius 9

BRONZES.

iupRer, K 5

Jupiter, K . .056

Minerva 060

Minerva 060

Minerva (Bust) 3 O

Diana 05O

Apollo 15

Ap<dlo 080

Apollo, small, K 6 4

Apollo, small 6 6

Vulcan, K. 040

Venna 060

VenuB 056

Venus ...050

Venus 040

Cupid, K. 020

Cupid, K. 4 2

Cupid, R. la 2

Cupid, K 020

Mercury 040

Do. cast in bronze 4 4

Bacchus 060

Bacchus, Bust of youthiul 2 6

Silenus 050

Satyr . 060

Faun 056

Satyr, Head of 10

Hercules [without tree] % 1 1

Hercules . . .050

Hercules 060

Hercules, small 5

Hercules 050

Salus 050

PRICES OF CASTS. 269

Fortune 070

Isis 050

Atys 036

Victory 070

Victory 040

Amazon, Head of 5

Sophocles 080

Alexander 080

Hadrian 080

Hone 076

Bull 070

Lamp 026

Eagle 040

Peacock handle, K. . . . . . .050

Leaf pattern, K 2

Lion*8 head 4

Afoot 020

Smaller ditto 10

•

TERRACOTTAS.

Bellerophon and the Chimsera 16

Perseus and Medusa 16

AIcsBus and Sappho 16

Vase 040

Ewer 030

Basin 026

Lamp, AN. 41 16

Lamp, BE. No. 1 020

No. 2 2

MISCELLANEOUS.

Cellini Cup . 070

Ray, Bust of the Naturalist 10 6

NATURAL HISTORY.

Sivatherium, head . 15

— lower jaw, riffht ramus . . . .030

— left ramus 3

Megatherium, head 1 12

with lower jaw 2

Mastodon Ohioticus, head 1 10

— tooth . . . . . .050

— Sivalensis, head .17

Elephas Hysudricus, ditto 1 12

bombifrons, ditto 17

Slanifrons, ditto . . . . . . .17

Tamadicus, ditto . . . . . . 1 10

Sus ffiganteus, ditto . . . . . . .060

TooSi of Asiatic Elephant 14

270 PRICES OF CASTS.

.Upper tooth of RhinocenuleptorfaiDus . .016

Lower tooth of ditto 16

Tooth of Hippopotamus (Sewalik) 1 ,6

Tooth of Dinotberium giganteum Ol 1 6

Upper tooth of Fossil Horse ,1 6

Lower tooth of ditto 16

Mastodon Andium (lower jaw) 13

Skull of large Caye Bear 17

Metatarsal Bones of six pieces of Dinomis and other new

Birds from New Zealand, each cast . . . . ii ,6

Foot of Dodo 2 .0

Gigantic Oavial, portion of the head . . . .070

Iguanodon, large Humerus 8

Tooth of Iguanodon . . . . . ..020

Caudal vertebra of Cetiosaurus 5

Eve of Ichthyosaurus platyodon 10 6

Cnelonia Antiqua 2 6

Cephalaspis Lvellii . ^ * 16

Crocodilus Toiiapicus . * 15 6

Spenceri 3

Geosaurus skull 3

Hvlaeosaurus 2 13 6

Ichthyosaurus platyodon 2

latrifrons (skull) 7

intermedius 4 10

— communis 2 13 6

, longirostris (skull) . . . . .086

Holoptychius nobilissimus .0 6

,A8aphus Tyrannus 10

Homalonotus Knightii 10

Applications for any of the above-mentioned Casts are to be made in
writing to the Principal Librarian, from whom information may be
obtained as to the terms upon which Casts of any other objects in the
Museum Ck>llections will be supplied.

The Formatore employed at the Museum will pack and dispatch
Casts for any part of the world, when so requirea ; but the risk of
breakage or other injury is, in all cases, to be borne by the Purchaser.

Beittsh Museum,
25(A A^ril, 185a

HBNRY BLLIS,

PrineipcU LibtatiaA^ €Md Secretary,

Woodfall and Kinder, Printers, Angel Court, SHinher Street, London.