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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

SYNOPSIS

OF THE DESCRIBED

we Pili pOPITERA

NORTH AMERICA. —

Part 1—DIVRNAL AND CREPUSCULAR LEPIDOPTERA.

COMPILED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

JOHN G. MORRIS.

WASHINGTON: |
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

FEBRUARY, 1862,

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE present ‘‘ Synopsis of North American Lepidoptera” has
been compiled by the Rev. Dr. J. G. Morris, of Baltimore, at the
request of the Institution, to serve as a companion to the Cat-
alogue published in 1860. The work is necessarily incomplete,
claiming to be nothing more than a compilation of the published
descriptions of the species of the same order; but its publication
has been earnestly urged, as tending to facilitate a knowledge of
an order of insects of great economical importance.

Dr. Clemens, of Haston, Pa., has made a number of important

additions and corrections while the work was passing through the ~

press, besides furnishing an original Appendix.

The Institution is also under obligations to Dr. J. L. Leconte,
Prof. 8S. 8. Haldeman, Mr. W. H. Edwards, and Dr. B. Clemens,
for assistance in correcting the proofs of the work.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
W asHineron, February, 1862.

ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, OCTOBER, 1860.

PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PRINTER.

PREFACE.

It is a gratifying fact that the science of entomology is making
rapid progress in our country, and that so much has already been
accomplished by industrious students. There is an increasing
demand for books on this subject, but as yet none has been pub-
lished professing to describe all the species of any one order
of our insects. Admirable monographs of some families and
genera of Coleoptera have been published by Dr. Leconte and
others, and of our Sphingide by Drs. Harris and Clemens. Other
entomologists, as Say, Melsheimer, Peale, Fitch, Ziegler, Halde-
man, Uhler, and a few others, have contributed essentially to the
discrimination of the species of various orders, but thus far no
more comprehensive work has been attempted. Dr. Harris’s inval-
uable book on the insects of New England injurious to vegetation,
approaches the nearest to such a work of any that have appeared
in our country. The splendid and costly volume of Boisduval and
Leconte on our diurnal butterflies, published in Paris, 1833, has
never been finished, and contains but twenty-one genera and nine-
ty-three species. Foreign naturalists. have described hundreds of
our species, but their descriptions are scattered through a number
of journals and other works not easily accessible to the American
student.

I have attempted in this work to bring together in as narrow a
compass as possible all our described Lepidoptera, embracing the
Rhopalocera and the first two tribes of the Heterocera. Thus all
our known diurnals, Sphinges and Bombyces, are included, down to
the Noctuidee proper. The latter will probably be taken up at some
future time. I have collected the descriptions from many different
authors, to whom due credit is given, but I have omitted some of
the references to books, having given them in full in my catalogue

lv PREFACE.

of North American Lepidoptera, published by the Smithsonian -
Institution, which students will, of course, consult, if they desire
to know the literature of the species. For the same reason, I
have also omitted the list of abbreviations.

With the generous permission of Dr. Clemens, of Easton, Pa.,
I have incorporated nearly the whole of his admirable synopsis of
North American Sphingide, published in the Journal of the Aca-
demy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 1859, only omitting some
minor details and the.references to other authors. I have also
added his descriptions of Arctiidae, published in the Proceedings
of the Philadelphia Academy for Nov., 1859. He has himself
furnished an appendix containing many new and original views in
regard to the classification of our Lepidoptera, with descriptions
of genera and species.

In a supplement will be found a notice of such species as have
come to my notice up to the present date, principally from the
publications of Mr. S. H. Scudder and Mr. Edwards. The
latter gentleman has also supplied some important rectifications of
synonymy.

I have inserted descriptions of what are deemed by some to he
distinct species, but which are regarded by others as mere varieties,
in order to give their authors an opportunity of being heard, and
that readers may conveniently compare them.

As regards the classification, I have chiefly adopted that of Dr.
Herrich-Schaeffer, of Ratisbon, with some modifications of Walker,
of the British Museum. No doubt, changes will hereafter be
found necessary.

J. G. MORRIS.

BautTiMoreE, December, 1861.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Preface

Table of Contents .

Introduction . ‘ 5
Definition of Lepidoptera

External Structure .

Head

Thorax . < :
Abdomen

Legs : -
Wings

Table of Families .
Description of Species, ete. .
RHOPALOCERA . | Vil,

PAPILIONIDAE . «7 2Vil,
PIERIDAE - « XVill,
DANAIDAE : « XViil,
HELICONIDAE . - XVili,
NYMPHALIDAE . = vKIX,
LIBYTHEIDAE . = 5 ie
SATYRIDAE - =. eis,
LYCAENIDAE . fp poexe
ERYCINIDAE A a o-9-<
HESPERIDAE . ae
HETEROCERA . Pe.o.c4
EPIALIDAE : PeES.o.c 3

- COSSIDAE . . = el,

ii Roxas
iii ZYGAENIDAE SL,
vii GLAUCOPIDIDAE 2X1,
ix ARGERIADAE perl,

xiii THYRIDAE 2 Xi,
XV PSYCHIADAE . a Sme

xvii SPHINGIDAE . ec. ci
xvii DREPANULIDAE . 3 DNL,
XVii SATURNIDAE - XXiv,
xvii BomBYCcIDAE « XXiv,
xvii NoToDONTIDAE . -, ERIV,
xvii ARCTIIDAE « | REV,
at LITHOSIIDAE CV,

; Appendix, by Dr. B. Clemens.

ZYGAENIDAE .

15
Z GLAUCOPODIDAE -
fs CTENUCHIDAE xxvi,

LYCOMORPHIDAE XxvVi,

40 #

PERICOPIDAE xxvii,
63 a
NYCTEMERIDAE . XXVii,

7 LITHOSHIDAE °
8

HYPSIDAE °
103
ARCTIIDAE
105
122 | Supplement, by Dr. J. G. Morris.
122 PIERIDAE .
123 NYMPHALIDAE

CoNCHILOPODIDAE

315
324

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

SATYRIDAE
LYCAENIDAE
ZEGERIADAE
NOTODONTIDAE .

ARCTIIDAE .

327
328
330
336
336

Notes, by W. H. Edwards
Notes, by Dr. B. Clemens
Errata . :

Index of Genera

‘Index of Species .

350
352
352
353

355

INTRODUCTION.

(FROM THE GERMAN OF VY. HEINEMANN.’)

BUTTERFLIES are insects having six feet and membranous wings
covered with minute scales. They undergo a perfect transforma-
tion; the caterpillar or larva, furnished with ten to eighteen feet, is
hatched from the egg, and after various moulting, is changed into
the pupa, from which after a longer or shorter period, the perfect
butterfly comes forth. It performs its destined office, the female
deposits her eggs and dies.

The butterfly consists of the body and members; the former is

composed of head, thorax, and abdomen; the members are the
feet and wings.

1 Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands und der Schweiz. Systematisch
bearbeitet von H. v. Heinemann. Braunschweig. 1859. F. Vieweg und
Sohn.

Viii INTRODUCTION.

HEAD, caput. Figs. 3 to 7.

The head is located in front of the thorax and separated from it,
in most instances, by a very indistinct segment. On both sides
are situated the large globular reticulated eyes, oculz, b; between
them and above is the vertex, c; in front is the. frons, d; and be-
low at the end is the mouth, os. The orbits of the eyes, orbvta, fig.
4, e, are often distinguished by color and the character of the
scales. Between the vertex and frons are the feelers, antenne, a,
near the eyes, behind them at the orbita, or ata little distance from
them in many species, are two small, round, smooth elevations,
which are called simple eyes, ocellz, f.

The parts of the mouth are but little developed in butterflies.
The proboscis or tongue, lingua, g, is composed of the two lower
jaws (maxille) grown together as a double tube and usually sepa-
rated only at the end, and which, for the most part, is corneous and
spiral. It is seldom absent, or consists only of two slender, soft
threads. Under the tongue are placed the two palpi, h, which are
three jointed ; above these in many nocturnal moths there are in
addition two palpulz, figs. 5 and 6,i. The palpi are of various

Fig, 5
a
va
f ---~--. es
7
SS =
e_--” e ee.

form and size, sometimes scarcely visible, sometimes as long as the
-head and thorax together; the scales on the palpi are also of vari-
ous density; the second joint is usually the longest and most
densely scaled, the terminal joint is, for the most part, slender and
pointed, frequently setaceous.

INTRODUCTION. ix

The feelers (antenne) vary also in length; sometimes not ex-
ceeding the breadth of the head, and sometimes much longer than
the length of the body. They are filiform (thread-like) when the
shaft is of equal thickness throughout the length, fig. 8; setiform
(bristle shaped), when it becomes thinner towards the point, fig. 9;
fusiform (spindle shaped), when it is thickest in the middle and
thin at the root and point, fig. 10; clavate (club form), fig. 1, a,
when it gradually thickens towards the summit, and capitate (knob
form), fig. 11, when it suddenly enlarges at the end.

With regard to their covering, the antenne are either naked, or
finely or compactly ciliated, fig. 12, or furnished with two single
hairs on each segment, fig. 18, or tufted, fig. 14.

Fig. 13.

The processes of the antenne are either in the form of obtuse
pyramidal teeth, fig. 15, or serrate, fig. 16, or pectinate, fig. 18.

Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig, 17. Fig. 18.

x INTRODUCTION.

A comb-like or pectinate process from the under side of the anten-
ne is called /amellate, fig. 17. Frequently the processes themselves ~
are ciliated, the pectinations equal on both sides, and the pyra-
midal teeth usually furnished at their summit with short cilie.

THORAX. Figs. 1, 2, k.

Fig. 20.

The thorax in front, bears the head; behind, the abdomen; be-
neath, the legs, and on the sides, the wings; the fore part, collare,
1, and the shoulder-covers, scapule, m, which cover the roots of
the wings, are often prominent. Besides this, the scales above often
form peculiar elevations.

ABDOMEN. Figs. 1, 2, n.

This consists of six to seven rings, the segments of which are
for the most part discernible under the scales. These segments
often have above, or on the sides or behind, tufts of hair.

LEGS, pedes. Figs. 2,19.

There are three pairs of legs, pedes antici, A, pedes medi, B,
and pedes postict, C. They are composed of the coxa, by means
of which the leg is inserted into the body, 0, the ¢rochanter, p,
which unites the coxa and the femur, q; the ¢t¢bva, r, and the feet,
tarsi, s, The tibie have usually two spurs, calcares, t, at the end;
the hind tibie often have two behind the middle, u; the fore nbie

INTRODUCTION. xi

occasionally have an emargination on the inner side, the upper
edge of which is often prolonged into a spur, v.

WINGS, ale. Figs. 1, 20—28.

There are two pairs of wings, the fore wings, ale antertores, fig.
20, and hind wings, ale postertores, fig. 21, indifferently called pre-
maries and secondaries, or superiors and tnfertors—sometimes rudi-
mentary or imperfect in the females, very seldom entirely wanting.
The primaries lie with their hind edge on the fore edge of the
secondaries, and cover the latter entirely in most of the nocturnal
moths when in a state of repose. The secondaries are often folded
together when at rest, and in that case usually have on the upper
edge near the root, a strong elastic, sometimes double hair or bris-
tle, which draws itself through a hook on the under side of the
primaries and serves to maintain or render more easy the expansion
of the secondaries. This is called the frenulum, fig. 21, fr. This
instrument is wanting in nearly all butterflies, which do not fold
the secondaries when at rest.

The wings have three edges or margins, the anterior margin,
margo antertor, on the upper side, A, the interior margin, margo
entertor, opposite the anterior, B, and the posterior margin or seam,
margo posterior or limbus, C, which is opposite the root of the
wing, basis, and binds the two other margins. The angle made

Fig. 20. Fig. 21.
al |

xii INTRODUCTION.

by the anterior margin and the posterior, is called the anterior an-
gle, D, on the secondaries; on the primaries, this angle is called
the apex; the angle between the posterior and interior margins H,
is called the postervor angle on the primaries, and the anal angle on
the secondaries. In many of the 7inerdae, the interior margin and
posterior angle are wanting, because the wings are very narrow
and lanceolate, the edge proceeding in a regular curve from the
apex to the base, figs. 27, 28.

The external limit or boundary of the wing is the hnea limbalis,
the scales extending beyond that are called the fringe, cilia, fig.
20, F. In some micro-lepidoptera, especially in those with narrow
wings, these cii@ are hair form and very long, and often longer on
the secondaries than the breadth of the wing. A line of darker
shade, parallel with the margin, often runs through the fringe. The
margin is strazght, rectus, when it proceeds in a straight direction ;
curved, when it forms a concave curve towards the base, fig. 20;
sinuate, when it makes a convex curve towards the base, fig. 24;
entire, when it forms an even, straight, curved or sinuate line, fig.
24; undulate, when it makes small rounded indentations, fig. 20;
dentate, when there are sharp, angular, closely connected, teeth-
like projections, fig. 21; caceullate (hood shaped) when small,
rounded emarginations run into sharp angles toward the base, and
lobate, when these emarginations are larger, fig. 23.

The wings themselves consist of a skin-like membrane which are
held in a state of expansion by the ribs or nerves, coste, running
across or through them. ‘The structure and arrangement of these
costé are of great importance in the systematic division of butter-
flies, and hence a special description of this structure and the de-
termination of each costa are necessary, figs. 22—28.'

' [This nervular system of classification is of comparatively recent date,
and is not closely followed in the present work.—M.]

INTRODUCTION. xiii

From the middle of the root of each wing two ribs proceed,
which usually are united in or behind the middle of the wing, by
an interrupted or curved short cross nerve q, thus inclosing a field
between it and the root or base. These are called the anterior
median nerve, also the sebcostal, sc, and the posterior median, or
subdorsal, sd. From them and the cross nerve, a number of others
proceed which terminate on the anterior and posterior margins.
These are counted on the posterior margin from the posterior an-
ale toward the anterior angle and are designated by the numbers
2,3, 4, &c. &c., without any regard to the fact whether they arise
separately from the median and cross nerves, or whether two or
’ more unite towards the base and proceed from the common branch.

Besides these, there exist on the fhterior margin of the wings
from one to three nerves (on the primaries usually only one, seldom
two), which arise from the base or root, and end on the posterior
or interior margin; these are called dorsal nerves. These all bear
the figure 1, and are distinguished by la, lb, le. On the anterior
margin of the primaries and for the most part on that of the se-
condaries, a nerve springs from the root, which is called the costal
nerve, and which always bears the highest number, as No. 8, fig.
22. On the secondaries of many WVoctuzde, this costal nerve unites
with the anterior median for a short distance, fig. 21, or it is en-
tirely united with it at the base, so that it seems to proceed from
the anterior median itself. The frenulum mentioned above is es-
sentially also a nerve, which has remained free from the membrane
of the wing. In most butterflies, which have no frenulum, there
are in the place of it, on the anterior margin, one or more short
curved nerves terminating on it, fig. 22. Nerve 5 of the second-
aries is often wanting or is less distinct; this is also the case with
nerve 5 of the primaries; their position is, however, easily deter-
mined by the larger space between 4 and 6, and they as well as
other occasionally obsolete nerves are counted, so that each nerve,
if possible, may always have the same numerical designation. That
nerve at the apex of the primaries on the one terminating nearest
to it, is called the apical nerve, fig. 24, 8.

The two median nerves with their ramifications, and the costal
and dorsal nerves, are most prominent in the structure. Each of
the medians runs off into three branches, the anterior of the se-
condaries into two, so that the individual branches, one after the
other, proceed from the principal bough. A more extensive rami-

XIV INTRODUCTION.

fication does not occur on the secondaries, and all the branches
terminate in the outer margin; so also with the branches of the
posterior median of the primaries. On the other hand, the two
first branches on the primaries end on the anterior margin, nerves
11 and 10; the third proceeds as nerve 6 to the outer margin, but
at or behind the cross nerve it fureates, and nerve 8, which here
arises out of it, proceeds usually to the apex or near it, after it has
again branched off, and nerve 7 is sent off to the outer margin and
nerve 9 to the anterior, fig. 24. Nerve 10 also frequently furcates,
in sending one branch towards the outer margin, impinging on
nerve 8, usually at the place where nerve 7 originates, so that this
is the continuation of that branch, which then cuts nerve 8. There
are some deviations from this structure, especially in the micro-
lepidoptera, of which the neuration of the primaries is more simple.
It is not to be denied that the anterior margin and the apex of the
primaries, on which the power of sustaining flight chiefly depends,
acquire a greater strength from the complicated nerve structure,
whilst the secondaries do not require it, inasmuch as they are closely
united with the primaries; but on the other hand, on the interior
margin they are furnished with more simple dorsal nerves, which
are sufficient to sustain the wider superficies of the wings. The
dorsal nerve of the primaries and the costal of the secondaries also
appear to bear a mutual relation to each other, and this may also
be true with regard to the corresponding margins. Both these
nerves often have an inclination to fureate toward the root of the
wings. In those cases, for instance, where the coste of the infe-
riors after its origin unites with the anterior median, it is essentially
a furcation, in which case, however, the one branch constitutes part
of the median, or coincides with it.

The spaces between the nerves are called cells, cellule, and are
so distinguished by numbers, that the cell always contains the
number of the nerve which it follows, counted from the interior
margin. Thus the cell between the nerves 2 and 3 is called cell 2;
the one between the nerves 3 and 4 is called cell 3, &c. &c. In
fig. 25, they are distinguished by Roman letters. The cells, on
the contrary, between the interior margin and nerve 2 are distin-
guished as cell la, 1b, lc, ld, fig. 26. The cell between the cross
nerve and the two medians is called the median cell, cellula media,
em. Occasionally it is divided by one or two longitudinal nerves,
in which case the distinct parts are called the anterior median cell

INTRODUCTION. XV

and the inferior median cell, fig. 25, am and cm. ' In some genera,
the cross nerve between nerves 4 and 5 is obsolete, so that the
median cell is here open and passes into cell 4. There are also

sometimes small inclosed cells at the median, called accessory cells,
which are either situated at the root of the secondaries, fig. 22, r,
or ¢ntrusive cells, as fig. 25, s, or appendicular cells, as fig. 25, x.
In the family of 7inetde with lanceolate secondaries, the nerve
structure declines. The median cell is indistinct or entirely obso-
lete, for all the nerves arise either from the root or other nerves,
or lose themselves in the membrane in the vicinity of the cross

Fig. 27. Fig. 28.
9
A.
53 ( 55 4

nerve. The number of nerves, especially in the secondaries, also
diminishes.

In order to distinguish the wings lengthwise, they are divided
into three fields or areas, the basal area, figs. 1 and 20, ba, the
middle area, ma, and the limbal area, la. In many genera, these
areas or fields on the primaries are marked or distinguished by
simple, double or triple cross lines or narrow bands, which are
called, fig. 20, sa, transverse anterior (extra basillaire) or posterior,
sp (ligné coudée). These transverse bands or streaks are most
distinct and common in the Woctuide, fig. 20. In these, there is
in addition across line between the base and the anterior line,
which does not extend down to the interior margin, and which is
called the basal half line, sd (demi-ligne of the French); and ano-
ther conspicuous cross line between the posterior line and the limb,
called the wndulate line, rr (ligne-subterminal). In the field or
area, between these two, there are often arrow-shaped spots, which

Xvi INTRODUCTION.

are called sagitttate spots. Besides these, the Moctuide or moths,
have three distinguishing marks in the middle area; one in the
cell, 1b, called the dentiform spot; a small, usually round one in
the median cell, called the orbicular, mo, and behind it, a larger,
kidney-shaped spot, called the rentform, mr. The two latter are
often surrounded by a double edge, lighter than the ground color.
Between both, there is usually drawn across the whole wing, a darker
band, which is called the transverse median shade,am. Some spe-
cies have a dark square spot between the two spots in the median
cell, which often extends itself in a pyramidal form over the orbi-
~ eular towards the root, so that both spots form a sort of recumbent
pyramid, and is called the pyramzdal spot. The posterior trans-
verse streak alone is for the most part continued over the second-
aries, which is then called, on both sides of the wing, the arcuated
line.

The rentform mark appears on the under side as the median
lunule, and all the dark spots on the cross nerve of both sides of
the secondaries bear the same name, fig. 21.

In general, the structure of the several parts of the butterfly, as
far as this is necessary to the determination of the species, genus,
etc., can easily be recognized, without dissection. Difficulties some-
times occur in the frequently indistinct simple eyes, palpul: and
frenulum. The last is usually present in species which fold their
wings, when in a state of rest. A careful examination with a
magnifying glass will readily detect the presence of this member.
Much more difficult is a discrimination of the nerve structure, inas-
much as the nerves are frequently so covered with scales, that with-
out removing them, the nerves cannot be seen. In this case, the
under side of the wings should be. particularly examined, inasmuch
as the nerves on this side are more distinct than on the other. But
if this will not suffice to determine all the points desirable to be
known, the scales must be removed. In order to accomplish this,
either take a sharp, fine penknife and move the blade or back gen-
tly over the nerves on the under side of the wings, until the nerves
become distinct, or rub the whole wing with a soft, blunt hair pen-
cil until all the scales are removed, but on the upper side only,
when you wish to observe the furcation of the dorsal nerves of the
primaries. This operation can be most satisfactorily performed
when the specimens are fresh.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERAS

Section lL. RHOPALOCERA.

Antenne filiform, terminating in a knob or club. Wings, at
least the primaries, elevated in repose; no bristle or frenulum ;
no stemmata or simple eyes—flight diurnal.

Fan. Il. Papilionidae.

Larva with two retractile tentacles on first segment. Eyes promi-
nent; palpi short; six feet adapted for walking; wings wide, nerves
distinct, abdominal edge of the secondaries concave, discoidal cell
in both wings closed, hooks of the tarsi simple, abdomen free.

A. Club of antenne arcuate ;
Wings wide, secondaries with long tails or lobed. Papilio.
B. Club straight ;
Primaries transparent at the summit, two black ocelli in the
discoidal cellule, abdomen of the female with a corneous
pouch. [No species east of the Rocky Mountains.] Parnassius.

_* [The present synopsis is believed to be approximately correct and
generally agrees with the body of the book as far as the Lhopalocera are
concerned, but in the Heterocera the conformity is not so rigid, owing to
the indistinctness of some of our new American genera and an indisposi-
tion to create new families in which to place them. Further investigation
will be required to determine their proper place in the system. The sy-
nopsis, however, gives a tolerably fair exhibit of our Lepidopteral Fauna,
exclusive of the Noctuide proper, which may, however, hereafter be some-
what improved.

The Genus Pimela, p. 129, belongs to Bombycide, inadvertently placed
where it now stands.—J. G. M.]
B

XVill SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Fam. Il. Pieridae.

Antenne truncated at the extremity or clubbed. Secondaries
with no concavity on abdominal edge, abdomen received into a
groove, color whitish or orange to greenish-white on the upper side.

A. Antenne abruptly terminating in an ovoid club;
a. Wings narrow, elongate.
* Secondaries wider than the primaries. [Mexican.] Leptalis.
b. Wings of ordinary width.
| Palpi with long fascicled hairs, last article shorter than
the preceding.

a. Antenne rather long. [Mexican.] Huterpe.
8. Antenne very short. Nathalis.
tt Last article of the palpi at least as short as the pre-
ceding.
a. An auroral spot at the summit of the primaries,
at least in the males. Anthocaris.
8. No auroral spot. Pieris.

Bb. Antenne truncated at the summit or terminating insensibly in
an obconic club; ;
a. Wings robust.
* Primaries angulate. Rhodocera.
** Primaries not angulate, secondaries entire.
a. Antenne rather long, terminating insensibly in a

club. / Callidryas.
8. Antenne short, terminating in an obconic club.
Colias.
b. Wings thin and delicate. Terias.

Fam. Ill. Bamaidae.

Palpi remote, not extending much beyond the head, club of an-
tenne formed insensibly; wings wide, with the edges somewhat
sinuous, discoidal cell of the secondaries closed, thorax robust,
pectus with white dots, four walking feet.

Secondaries of the males with a black spot in relief. Danais.

Fam. IV. Hielicomidae.

Abdomen slender, elongate; wings narrow, oblong, abdominal
edge scarcely embracing the lower part of the abdomen, discoidal
cell closed.

Antenne longer than the head and abdomen, nearly filiform, in-
sensibly thickening towards the extremity, four walking feet.
[Only one species; southern. ] Heliconia.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. XIX

Fam. V. Nymphalidae.

Palpi nearly connivent, porrect, scaly, their anterior face as wide
as the sides, discoidal cell nearly always open, nails of tarsi strongly
bifid.

A. Antenne with a flattened club, primaries sinuous. Agraulis.
primaries not sinuous. Argynnis.
Under side of wings without nacred spots. Melitaea.

B. Club of antenne not flattened ;

, @. Primaries excised, angular, secondaries with a pale, silvery

or golden mark like the letter L or C. Grapta.
b. Primaries subtriangular, less excised, apex truncate, palpi
very hairy. Vanessa.

c. Primaries less angular, palpi less hairy. Pyrameis.
d. Kyes naked, anterior legs less hairy. Junonia.
e. Primaries rounded at the summit, proboscis very long. Anartia.
jf. Primaries dentate, sometimes prolonged toa tail. ©Nymphalis.
g. Primaries, fore margin arcuate, angle acute, tail prominent,

color coppery. Paphia.
h. Primaries slightly dentate, secondaries with ocelli. Apatura.
iz. Primaries not dentate, subfalciform—no ocelli. Aganisthos.

Fam. VI. Libytheidae.

Larva without spines; palpi very long, contiguous, in the form of
a beak, parallel to the axis of the body; wings angular, rather ro-
bust; discoidal cellule of secondaries open. Libythea.

Fam. VII Satyridae.

Wings robust, abdominal edge of the secondaries forming a groove;
discoidal cellule closed; nervures of the primaries often dilated at
their origin.

Costal nervure feebly inflated at base; color pale, dull, livid.

[Extreme north. ] Chionobas.
Veins delicate, color uniform. Neonympha.
Costal nervure much inflated, color dark brown; wings ocellate or

with black spots. Erebia.
One or two veins of primaries inflated; limb of secondaries dentate;

secondaries marbled beneath; primaries ocellate. Satyrus.
Hyes hairy; base of costal and median nerves of primaries dilated ;

secondaries lobed. Calisto.
Costal nervure inflated ; secondaries emarginate, slightly caudate.
Debis.

The three principal nerves inflated, no ocelli. Coenympha.

xX SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Fam. VIII. Lycaenidae.

Larva onisciform ; discoidal cellule closed apparently by a small
nerviform prominence.

Small; under side with small spots or ocellated points; often a
marginal band of yellow spots; color of males usually blue. Argus.

Under side ocellate ; color fulvous. Polyommatus.

Secondaries with filiform tails; sometimes simply dentate. Thecla.

Fam. IX. Erycimidae.
Small; six walking feet in the males, four in the females.

Antenne long, annulated with whitish ; abdomen shorter than the
secondaries. Nymphidia.
Antenne shorter, not annulate. Lemonias.

Fam. X. Hesperiidae.
Head wide, transverse; antenne often terminated by a hook.

Primaries triangular, often with pellucid spots; anal angle with no

lobe, no silvery spots beneath. Hesperia.
Anal angle with a short tail turned outwards, or an obtuse point,

silvery spots beneath. Goniloba.
Anal angle rounded. Nisoniades. .
Wings with orange-colored spots; color dark brown. Cyclopaedes.
Primaries only erect in repose; disk in many species with an ob-

lique velvety patch. Pamphila.
Color brownish, with numerous translucent, angular and square

whitish spots. Syrichthus.

Section II. HETEROCERA.

Antenne variable, prismatic, pectinate, serrate, moniliform or
filiform; wings deflected in repose, secondaries mostly frenate ;
stemmata or false eyes in many genera. Flight diurnal, crepuscu-
lar, most frequently nocturnal.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. Xxi

Fam. I. Epialidae.

Proboscis short or obsolete; palpi nearly obsolete; antennz mo-
niliform, shorter than the thorax; wings deflected, long, narrow,
secondaries semi-hyaline. No stemmata.

Thorax not crested; body pilose; last abdominal annuli of the fe-
male forming an elongated oviduct. Epialus. .

Fam. II. Cossidae.

Body stout, pilose, head small, antenne shorter than half the
length of the wings, palpi small, eyes naked, proboscis short or ob-
solete, wings strongly veined, deflected; flight nocturnal ; stemmata
none.

Abdomen long, extending beyond the anal angle; hind tibie with
two pair of spurs; palpi shorter than the head. Cossus.
Hind tibiz with only terminal spurs. Zeuzera.

Fam. Ill. Conchilopodidae.

Body rather stout; proboscis not visible; antenne of 4% simple,
rather serrated, pilose at the apex, which is acute; legs stout, pilose;
hind tibiez with four spurs; wings moderately broad, deflexed ; abdo-
men a little tufted at the extremity. Larva onisciform, or flat.

Fore wings, subcostal. veins exterior to the disk, bifid, with two

nervules from the disk. Limacodes.
With one nervule from the disk. Adoneta.
Fore wings, subcostal trifid, exterior to the disk. Empretia.
Fore wings, subcostal quadrifid, exterior to the disk. Nochelia.

Fam. IV. Zygaenidae.

Antennz fusiform cylindric, often pectinate ; proboscis long, con-
volute; wings longer than the body, primaries more narrow, se-
condaries rounded; stemmata present.

Costal vein bifid at base; antenne fusiform. Zygaena.
Without costal vein. Procris ? Clemens.
Antenne not pectinate, thicker in the middle than at the apex. Alypia.

Fam. V. Glaucopididae.

Wings narrow, often limpid or with limpid spots; hind wings
short; antenne pectinated; flight diurnal.
B*

XXll SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Hind wings without’ a discal nervule; median vein of hind wings

bifid; wings usually hyaline. Glaucopis.
Median vein of hind wings trifid; subcostal vein with a marginal

branch; discal vein vertical. Ormetica.
Hind wings with a discal nervule; median vein of hind wings bifid.

Euchromia.

Median vein 3-branched. Cyanopepla.

Fam. VI. Aigeriadae.

Primaries narrow, usually vitreous to the margin; secondaries
shorter, altogether vitreous ; abdomen often with a caudal tuft.

Antenne gradually thickened nearly to the end, curved; proboscis
nearly obsolete; male, with a caudal tuft. Trochilium.

Fam. VII. Thyridae.

Antenne feebly thickened in the middle, first article inflated ; no
stemmata; wings broad, subtriangular, more or less angulate and
indented, opaque with semitransparent spots.

Body short and thick, abdomen conical, tufted at the end. Thyris.

Fam. VIII. Psychidae.

Proboscis obsolete, palpi hirsute, antenne pectinate or ciliate,
wings more or less rounded. Female mostly apterous.

Antenne of the male pectinated more than half the length; abdo-

men of the male very long. Female wingless. . Oiketicus.
Antenne of the male pectinated almost to the apex; abdomen ex-

tending beyond the wings. Female wingless. Thyridoptery=x.
Primaries acuminate at the apex. Female winged. Perophora.

Fam. IX. Sphimgidae.

FoRE WINGS ENTIRE.

A. Terminal margin obliquely convex ;
Antenne clavato prismatic, with hook and seta ;

Tongue twice or nearly twice as long as the body. Macrosila.
Tongue as long as the body, or somewhat longer. ' Sphinx.
Dolba.
Pachylia.
Tongue two-thirds as long as the body. Darapsa pars.
Lapara.
Tongue about one-third as long as the body. ' oo
Daremma.

_ Tongue as long as palpi. Ellema.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Antenne slender, minutely serrate-setose;
Abdomen more or less tufted ;

Tongue moderate.

Tongue rather short.

Tongue one-half as long as body.
Antenne subclavate or fusiform :

Abdomen not tufted at the tip.

Abdomen tufted at the tip.

B. Terminal margin wavy.

XXiil

Oenosandra.
Perigonia.
Macroglossa.

| Arctonotus.
Deilephila.
Sesia.
t Macroglossa.
Anceryx.*

C. Terminal margin nearly straight or slightly sinuate ;{

Antenne with a long hook ;
Tongue two-thirds as long as the body.
Tongue as long as the body.
Antenne somewhat fusiform, rather short ;
Tongue as long as the body.

D. Terminal margin excavated by the tip, convex from
Abdomen without apical tuft ;

Pachylia.
Philampelus.

Chaerocampa.
the middle;

Ambulyx.
Tongue not quite as long as body or as long. \ Pergesa.
Chaerocampa pars.

Tongue nearly obsolete. S. Juglandis %.
Tongue about half as long as the body.
Abdomen with apical tuft ;

Fore wings with silvery streaks.

FORE WINGS NOT ENTIRE.

Fore wings indented above interior angle ;
Abdomen with apical tuft.
Abdomen without apical tuft.
Fore wings excavated near tip and anterior angle.
Fore wings truncate at the tips;

Angulated and denticulated.
Tongue nearly as long as the body.

Angulated in the middle.

Abdomen with apical tuft.

Abdomen without tuft or scarcely tufted ;
Tongue about as long as palpi.

Tongue two-thirds as long as the body.
Not angulated in the middle.

Darapsa.

Calliomma.

Proserpinus.
Unzela.
Thyreus pars.

Thyreus pars.

| Enyo.
Perigonia.

Smerinthus pars.
Deidamia.
Perigonia pars.

* M. antxus and the 9 of S. juglandis.

{ A. caicus.

Xxiv SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Fore wings denticulated ;
With silvery streaks and angulated. Calliomma pars.
Without silvery streaks, not angulated. Smerinthus.

Fam. X. Drepanulidae.

Body slender ; proboscis inconspicuous, palpi very short, antennze
longer than the thorax, feet slender, naked; wings wide, primaries
falcate; antenne of the males moderately pectinated—of the female
scarcely longer. Drepana.

Fam. XI. Saturnidae.

Antenne setiform, bipectinate in the male; no stemmata; se-
condaries wide, fringe short, without a frenulum; body thick, densely
pilose.

Antenne of males bipectinate, females unidentate. Saturnia.
Antenne of both sexes strongly pectinate; wings with vitreous,
diaphanous spots. Attacus.

Antenne of the male deeply pectinated to much beyond half the
length, minutely serrated from thence to the tips—of the female,

simple. Dryocampa.
Antenne of the male merely serrated for more than one-third; of
the female, simple. Ceratocampa.

Fam. XII. Bombycidae.

Antenne in both sexes pectinated, strongly in the males; body
robust, pilose ; wings strong; cocoons of the larve silky, hence called
spinners.

A. Limb of the wings denticulate ;
A. Antenne very short.
a. Body thick. Gastropacha.
B. Limb of the wings not denticulate ;
A. Antenne of the male equally pectinate.
+ Primaries with veins not punctate.
O Primaries with no pale discal spot; subacuminate at

the apex. Clisiocampa.
— Primaries rounded at the apex. Pimela.
tt Primaries, veins punctate. Artace.

Fam. XIII. Notodontidae.

Body usually robust, pilose, extending beyond the wings; anten-
nz of the male usually pectinate, rarely simple—-of the female,
simple, rarely pectinate ; wings entire, often long.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. XXV

Antenne of the female pectinate. Cerura.
Antenne of the female serrate. Notodonta.
Antenne of both sexes pectinate. Ichthyura.
Antenne of the male pectinate, naked at the apex. Heterocampa.
Antenne of the male not pectinate to the apex. Edema.
Antenne setaceous, minutely ciliated. Budryas.
Antenne of male minutely pectinated; of female minutely serrated.
Datana.
Antenne moderately pectinated. Nadata.

Fam. XIV. Arctiidae.

Stature robust; stemmata conspicuous; maxille short; antenne
moderate, those of the female, when not nearly obsolete, bipectinate
or ciliate, sometimes serrate or simple ; abdomen thick, often macu-
late ; frenulum conspicuous ; flight often heavy, nocturnal.

Thorax not fasciculate, wings rounded. Arctia.
Primaries not dilated; body maculate. Spilosoma.
Wings rather long, third article of palpi very short. Lophocampa.
Body slender, third article of palpi globose. Nemeophyla.

Antenne simple, ciliate; abdomen not extending beyond the wings;
costa of primaries straight. Phragmatobia.
Primaries long. Ecpantheria.

Antenne in both sexes simply ciliate, with two strong setx at each
joint. Callimorpha.
Body fusiform; antenne minutely pectinate. Apantesis.
Antenne deeply pectinate; tibize with only terminal spurs. Orgyia.

Antenne simple in both sexes—those of the male subpilose below.
° Deiopeia.

Antenne of male deeply pectinate—of female moderately so. Dasychira.

Fam. XV. Lithosiidae.

Body slender, elongate; no stemmata. Antenne usually ciliate
or simple. Thorax not crested. Abdomen not extending beyond
the wings, or very little. Wings often subelliptical, primaries nar-
row, secondaries often twice as wide as the primaries. Frenulum
conspicuous. In repose, the primaries plicate.

Antenne setaceous, simple; wings not long. Eustixia.
Antenne setaceous, simple, shorter than the body; wings narrow.
Eubaphe.

Antenne setaceous, simple, minutely pubescent ; wings long, narrow.
Mieza.

Xxvil SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA.

Antenne of the male setaceous. Gnophris.

Antenne deeply pectinated. Lagoa.

Antenne setiform, scarcely ciliated in the males; wings rather
broad, semi-diaphanous, rounded. Nudaria?

Antenne rather deeply pectinated ; wings narrow, rather long. Lerina.
Antenne moderately pectinated ; wings moderately long and broad.

Apistosia.
Antennz moderately pectinated ; wings rather long and narrow. Ardonea.
Wings moderately broad, not long. Eypoprepia.
Wings very narrow, somewhat pointed. Lymire.
Wings narrow, not long. ; Percote.
Hind wings much broader than the fore wings. Lithosia.

Fam. XVI. Ctemuchidae.

Hind wings without costal vein; subcostal bifid from the origin
of the discal; discal vein simple, angulated usually beneath the
middle of the disk; median vein 4-branched.

Wings very narrow; hind wings broader than the fore wings; an-

tenne moderately pectinated in the male. Acoloithus.
Hind wings narrower than the fore wings; rather deeply pectinated

in the male. Aglaope.
Wings broad or narrow, elongate-trigonate; antenne deeply pecti-

nated in the male. Ctenucha.
Fore wings rather broad, obovate; antenne rather thick, tapering

at the tips, pectinated. Malthaca.

Fam. XVII. Lycomorphidae.

Hind wings without costal vein; subcostal bifid; median 3-
branched.

Wings narrow; fore wings nearly fusiform; antenne biserrated or
very minutely pectinated. Lycomorpha.

Fam. XVIII. Melameridae.

This family has much affinity to the Glaucopidide, and also to
the Pyralites. Wings generally more or less black, occasionally with
a metallic hue, frequently adorned with bright colors or partly lim-
pid. All the species are Mexican or West Indian.

Body nearly linear and cylindrical ; wings black, generally narrow,

with yellow, luteous or white stripes, bands or spots. Josia.
Wings mostly limpid; generally long and narrow. Dioptis.
Wings rather broad; fore wings not angular. Uraga.

SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA. XXVli

Fam. XIX. Pericopidae.

Species large, often with pale dots on the head and thorax; wings
ample, more or less vitreous. Mexican and West Indian.

Wings long, rather broad, more or less semi-hyaline. Pericopus.
Wings long, rather narrow, with semi-hyaline spots. Composia.
Wings ample; fore wings with a semi-hyaline band. Eucyane.

Fam. XX. Nyctemeridae.

Some of the genera, like a few of the Pericopide, have much re-
semblance to the Rhopalocera. The body is slender and the wings
ample, and they have likewise a general resemblance to some of the
Geometrites. They are nearly all Mexican and West Indian.

Wings moderately broad; fore wings straight in front, rounded at
the tips, oblique along exterior border; antenne moderately pec-
tinated. Caralisa.
Wings long and narrow; antenne of 4, minutely pectinated. Eubule.
Wings short, somewhat triangular; antenne of % pectinated on
both sides. Psycomorpha.
Wings broad, not long, generally black with semi-hyaline white
spots. Melanchroia.

LEPIDOPTERA

PO bE A ME er A,

Sec. I. RHOPALOCERA.

Antenne filiform, terminating in a knob or club. Wings,
at least the primaries, elevated in repose; no bristle or
frenulum at the anterior edge of the secondaries. No stem-
mata or simple eyes on the vertex. Flight diurnal.

Fam. I. PAPILIONIDAE.

Larva elongated, with two -retractile tentacles on the first
ring. Perfect insect with the abdominal edge of the second-
aries concave. Discoidal cellule closed. Hooks of the tarsi
simple. Six feet adapted to walking in both sexes.

PAPILIO Liny.

Head large; eyes prominent; palpi very short, joints scarcely
distinct; antenne elongate, club pyriform; body, more or less
hairy, free from the wings; wings robust, borders more or less
dentated, often terminated by a tail; central cell closed; nerves.
prominent. :

Larva smooth, or bearing fleshy tubercles; provided with two:
retractile tentacles protruding from the first segment; emitting a
strong odor when alarmed.

Chrysalis without metallic spots, moderately angular, oceasion-
ally a horn on the back; head square, bifid, or truncate; fastened

by the tail and suspended by a thread across the back.
1

2 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. Papilio turnus Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 6,7. Say’s Amer. Ent. pl. 1.
Pal. de Beauv. VI, pl. 2. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl.
118. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 38. PP. alcidamas Cr. :

Wings pale yellow, border black—that of the primaries divided
by eight or nine yellow spots; wings traversed by four unequal
black bands. |

Secondaries with a marginal range of six lunules, two rufous,
four yellow; anal emarginations bordered with yellow. These
lunules are surmounted with groups of bluish atoms. Emargina-
tions large, obtuse; tail black, bordered with yellow within.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper, the marginal points
forming nearly a continuous ray, preceded by a range of grayish
atoms.

Under side of secondaries has the border sprinkled with grayish —
yellow, with all the marginal lunules rufous in the middle; a range
of bluish lunules above the border, three or four of which are sur-
mounted with a little rufous.

Body blackish above; two yellow rays on the thorax, yellowish
ray below.

Larva green above, whitish below; sides with seven oblique
greenish stripes; between the fourth and fifth segments, a trans-
verse band, yellow before, black behind; on the third segment a
lateral, ocellated spot, with two blue pupils; head flesh-color,
neck yellow; feeds on various species of Prunus.

The chrysalis is brown, more or less deep, with a conical point
on the breast.

The perfect insect measures from three to four inches across the

wings, and is found in the United States generally.
Boisp.

2. P. glaucus Linn. (Most probably a Southern female variety of P.
turnus.) Boisd. et Lec. pl. 8,9. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 139. Pal.
de-Beauv. V4, Liv. pl. 1.

Size and habits, and when held towards the light, showing the
markings of P. turnus; varies from pale brown to deep black.

Wings blackish brown; primaries, with a marginal series of
eight oblong, yellowish spots, preceded by arcuated groups of
bluish atoms. Secondaries sprinkled with blue, except at the
base; outer limb divided by a range of seven lunules, some yel-
low, others rufous, surmounted by cuneiform spots of pulverulent

PAPILIO. 3

blue, forming one wide arcuated band; outer border dentated;
tail spatulate, bordered with yellow inside, as well as all the emar-
ginations of all the wings.

Beneath primaries paler brown, with three blackish bands, pro-
ceeding from the anterior margin, the two outer abbreviated, the
basal continuous. Secondaries brown; a transverse line gradually
narrowing towards its end. Marginal lunules, rufous, slightly
bordered with yellow; the band of bluish atoms (in the fresh sub-
ject) surmounted by four or five triangular russety spots.

Body black, with two yellow spots on the sides.

Larva similar to that of P. turnus.

Inhabits the Southern States.
Borsp.

3. P. rutulus Boisd. The figure, size, and facies of P. turnus, of which jit
is perhaps only a modification. Ann. Soc. ent. de France, X, 2me
sér. 279.

Upper side ochry yellow, with the extremity of all the wings
rather widely bordered with black; primaries cut by the nerves,
and marked with five unequal transverse black bands, the first
continuing from the base the whole length of the abdominal edge
of the secondaries ; the second descending to the anal angle of the
latter, and abruptly bending to unite with the first; the third a
little divided, and ending on the first branch of the median; the
fourth at the extremity of the discoidal cellule and not passing the
median ; the fifth somewhat shorter; the border of the primaries
is divided by a ray of ochry yellow oblong points ; secondaries with
a streak or blackish are on the extremity of the discoidal cellule ;
a marginal row of six crescents, of which the anal is fulvous and
the other five yellow; anal emargination bordered with fulvous,
surmounted as well as the internal crescent with a group of blue
atoms; the exterior edge with wide obtuse teeth, and a spatulate
black tail, edged with yellow within, as well as all the emargina-
tions. '

Under side similar to the upper, the marginal points forming a
contizuous ray, preceded by a ray of grayish atoms; that of the
secondaries has the border powdered with yellowish gray, the
marginal crescents being ochry as above. <A row of bluish crés-.
eents on the anterior edge of the border. ody blackish above,
yellowish below, with two black ventral rays. .

It differs from /. turnus in that the upper side of the secondaries

4 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

have not the fulvous crescent on the internal angle, and the under
side has not the fulvous crescent in the border, nor the sagittate
spots between the border and discoidal cellule of P. turnus.

California.—In the spring and summer.
Borsp.

4. P. eurymedon Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. 280.

The general appearance of taurnus, but the black predominates
more, and the bands are nearly white. Ground color very black ;
primaries with four bands, white a little yellowish ; the first at the
base; the second before the discoidal cellule ; the third, very short,
represented by a simple streak at the end of the cellule; the fourth
- bifid at its summit and united below to the second; a row of
marginal oblong points diminishing before the internal angle.
Secondaries with two wide whitish bands, or rather with a whitish
disk, cut by a black ray as in P. turnus; the border divided by a
row of five crescents, and two fulvous anal ones; anal emargination
fulvous, surmounted, as well as the internal crescent, with a group
of blue atoms; tail black, spatulate, edged with whitish as well as
the emarginations. Under side of primaries, nearly like the upper.
That of the secondaries similar to turnus but much more black ;
the border sometimes divided by fulvous crescents, and sometimes
of the ground color, except the two anal and the anal emargination
which are always fulvous; all the crescents are surmounted by a
row of blue spots. ody black above, with two white rays on the
thorax ; whitish below, with two black ventral rays.

California.

Gray regards P. euwrymedon as a mere variety of P. rutulus.

Catalogue of Lep. Ins., in collection of Brit. Mus., pt. 1, p. 24.
Borsp.

5. P. zolicaon Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. 280.

Primaries black, traversed by an oblique, yellow band, divided
into eight spots by the black nerves; this band is preceded by two
streaks and a spot of the same color; the border divided by eight
yellow points. Secondaries with a black arc at the end of the
discoidal cellule; abdominal edge black, powdered with yellow,
tail linear, black, obtuse, bordered with yellow on one side.

The anal eye bright fulvous, circled with yellow fulvous, body
black, with a lateral yellow band.

California.
Borsp.

PAPILIO. 5

6. P. troilus Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 10. Sm. Abb. vol. I, pl. 2. Cram.
Pap. Exot. pl. 207. Herbst, pl. 17 (mas.) pl. 20 (foem.). Drury,
J, pl. 2. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exoit., pl. 19. WP. ilioneus,
Sm. Abb.

Wings blackish, dentate, emarginations yellowish white. Prima-
rves, with a range of seven or eight spots of pale yellow on the
outer margin, gradually decreasing in size upwards. Secondaries,
with a marginal range of seven greenish lunules, the upper one,
orange yellow. Above these, a wide bluish gray band divided by
the nervures. The lunule of the anal angle, is orange yellow inside

greenish gray outside, tail black.
Under side of primaries, deep brown, two marginal series of yel-
low spots, besides one or two towards the upper edge.

Under side of secondaries, has two series of rufous lunules, sepa-
rated by a band of bluish atoms; anal spot rufous.

Body black, with yellow spots on the thorax and a line of yellow
points on each side. Expands three inches.

Larva green, with a yellow marginal band; two series of blue
points on the sides and in the fourth segment two carneous spots,
on the third, a carneous ocellated spot, pupilled with deep blue,
on the first, a black band; the under side ferruginous, at the base
of the membranaceous feet, a series of seven blue points. Feeds
on Laurus sassafras and other species of Laurus.

Chrysalis a little gibbous, pale ferruginous striated with a deeper
tint.

Boisp.

7. P. asterias Fab. Sm. Abb. J, pl. 1. Cram. Pap. pl. 385. Boisd. et
Lec., pl. 4. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 20. Haldeman, in
Stansbury’s Expl. p. 366. PP. troilus, Sm. Abb.

Wings deep blackish brown; with two macular pale yellow bands;
the first, composed of eight spots, nearly triangular, traversing the
middle of the secondaries; the second is marginal, and the spots
are smaller, eight or nine of which are on the primaries and six
on the secondaries, mostly lunular. Besides these, the primaries
have one or two spots toward the upper margin, and the second-
aries, six or seven blue lunules between the spots. At the anal
angle, a rufous spot, with a black point—emargination yellowish—
tail black.

6 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of primaries, paler; the first band is pale rufous,
except the first two or three triangular spots, which are yellow.

Under side of secondaries, orange, except the two last of the
marginal band, which are yellow. In the female the spots of the
first band are smaller, sometimes obsolete on the secondaries.

Body black, rufous points on the thorax, and three series of yel-
low spots on the sides. Expands four inches. United States.

Larva apple green, with a transverse band on each segment
formed of alternate bands of black and yellow, excepting on the
first three, where the black band is interrupted by the yellow points
only towards the spiracles ; whilst on the back, the yellow are placed
before the black band;, three black points on the anterior part of
the first segment and two black lines on the head. The feet have
black points at their base.

Feeds on Daucus carota, Anethum feeniculum and other umbelli-
ferous plants.
- Chrysalis grayish, with ferruginous wavy streaks.

Boisp.

8. P. philenor Fab. Boisd. et Lec. pl.11. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 3. Say’s
Amer. Ent. pl. 1. Cram. Pap. pl. 208. Drury I, pl. 2. Herbst,
pl. 19. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 8. P. astinous, Cram.

Primaries black, with a greenish reflection towards the outer
border—emarginations, whitish; in some specimens, a series of
whitish spots along the outer border, obsolete in others.

Secondaries blackish, with a greenish hue except towards the
base, a range of six whitish lunules—tail black, whitish at the base.

Under side of primaries, dull black; a marginal range of five or
six whitish spots.

Under side of secondaries has a brilliant greenish reflection, ex-
cept at the base, where there is a whitish spot. Seven lunules of
bright rufous, surrounded with black. Four or six of those above
bordered with white on one side; expands three and a half inches.
North America.

Larva brown, with two lateral series of smaller reddish tubercles.
The first segment has two long processes—nine of moderate length
below and others in the three last segments.—Feeds on Aristolo-
chia serpentaria.

Chrysalis grayish violet, back yellowish ; head truncate.

Boisp.

PAPILIO. : T

9. P. chalcas Fab. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 5. Herbst, pl. 62; Drur. I, pl.
19. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 93. P. palamedes Drur. Cr.

Wings olive black, traversed by an interrupted, pale yellow
band, continued over the secondaries, formed of triangular spots
in the primaries—a yellow spot near the upper edge and nearer
the base, a short, yellow, narrow line. Towards the outer edge, a_
marginal range of roundish, yellow lunules; anal angle, with a
bluish crescent ; a little dusty yellow between the base and the mar-
ginal points. Hmarginations, yellow. Zaz black, witha yellowish
ray in the middle. |

Under side of primaries, paler; near the base, a transverse line
of grayish atoms..

Under side of secondaries is traversed by a rufous line. The
transverse band, macular, whitish within, rufous without. The
marginal lunules are whitish—the middle rufous, and the interval
sprinkled with yellowish dust; a band, also, of blue crescents.

Body black; a yellow line on each side of the thorax and abdo-
men. |

Southern States.—Expands four and a half inches.

Larva green, punctured with pale blue ; under size and feet, car-
neous; head, yellow, ferruginous witha black arc ; the third segment
has a lateral, carneous eyelet with a blue pupil, surmounted with a
blue point. The fourth has a lateral, carneous spot. The green is se-
parated from the reddish, by a marginal, yellow line. Feeds on
Laurus. —

Chrysalis, uneven, or humpbacked; ferruginous on the back,

roseous beneath and four ranges of small bluish points.
Boisp.

10. P. thoas Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 12. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 167.
Drur. pl. 22. Herbst, pl. 39. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl.
15. P. cresphontes Cram. FP. oxitus Hbur.

Wings deep black above, traversed by a yellow macular band,
extending across the base of the secondaries. The third spot is
oblong, surmounted by two or three others. The primaries have
_ besides, four yellow lunules near the inner angle.

The secondaries have a curved series of six or seven yellow lu-
nules; the anal angle has a rufous crescent with a group of blue
atoms above it; dentate and the emarginations of both, yellow.

Tail black, with an oval yellow spot.

8 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of primaries much paler; on the base, a large, radi-
ated yellow spot, which fills the discoidal cellule and eight marginal
spots.

Under side of secondaries, yellow, divided by six or seven blue
lunules, three or four of which are associated with as many ferrugi-
nous spots. The anal spot corresponds with that of the opposite
side. Expands five inches.

Body yellow; back black; thorax, black above, with two yellow
lines. Southern States.

Larva brownish below, back covered with large, whitish
blotches, irregular, spotted with brown.

Chrysalis brown, marked with blackish points. Feeds on the
orange tree. ;

Boisp.

11. P..ajax Sm. Abb. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 1. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 4. Pal. de
Beauv. IV, pl. 2.

Upper side of the wings, blackish brown, with bands, whitish
yellow ; the first, which is at the base of the primaries, is very small ;
the second is wide and descends beyond the middle of the secon-
daries; the third is only a whitish line ; the fourth is wide, bifid
above, and descends on the disk of the secondaries; the fifth and
sixth are short and of unequal length; the seventh is marginal and
interrupted.

The secondaries have fewer whitish lunules, two other bluish lu-
nules, and at the anal angle a bilobed red spot, resting on a black
crescent, which is cut transversely by a blue line and surmounted
by a group of grayish atoms. Hmarginations whitish.

Tail black, linear, white at the extremity and on the sides.

Under side paler, a narrow grayish band on the internal side of
the marginal band of the primaries.

Under side of secondaries differ considerably from the upper.

The white marginal lunules are preceded by a black streak and
the blue lunules by an equal number of grayish crescents. A
slightly flexuous scarlet line, bordered with white, separates the
two whitish bands. The bilobed spot is surmounted with white.
Expands three inches. Southern States.

Body blackish, with two whitish lines on the sides; antenne
brown, with the lower side of the club blackish. Its flight is low,
rapid, not sailing.

PAPILIO. 9

Larva green, with the stigmata yellow and a tricolored transverse
band in the fourth segment, black in the middle, and yellow behind.
\ Feeds on Porcelia pygmaea and Anona palustris.

Chrysalis ferruginous, with clearer lines and darker striz.
Boisp.

12. P. marcellus Cram. Boisd. et Lec. pl. Il. Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 98.
Esper, Pap. Eur. Part 1, pl. 51. 2. ajax Ubnr.

Resembling ajax but somewhat larger. Wings deeper black,
transverse bands more narrow; secondaries more elongate; tail
longer, the posterior half of which is whitish. The red anal spot

_ is not bordered with white in front asin ajax. It sometimes forms
a large round spot; sometimes a transverse ray, and again bilobed, or
divided into two spots; no blue crescent between this red spot and
the anal emargination ; all the whitish bands, more narrow on both
sides, excepting that along the abdominal border, which is wider.
All the other characters as in P. ajax. Southern States. Flight
more graceful than that of P. ajax.

The larva differs much from that of P. ajax. It has a whitish
sround, striated transversely with violet, with a yellow semi-cir-
cular band on the middle of each ring ; the band of the fourth ring
is bordered before with black. Chrysalis ferruginous. Feeds on
Porcelia pygmea.

Botsp.

Gray in Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. considers P. ajax and P. mar-
cellus to be varieties of the same insect. This is now the opinion of
all the collectors in this country. One of them declares that P. ajax
is the spring, and P. marcellus the fall brood of the same species.

diniGs. Mi.

13. P.sinon Fab. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 3. Cram. pl. 318. Herbst, pl. 45.
Drur. 1, pl. 22. (Drury’s fig. is not exact; Cramer’s, too green.)
P. protesilaus Drur. PP. celadon Lucas.

Size of P. ajax, and analogous. Wings deep black, with the
bands yellowish white, ordinarily a little greenish. The first, at the
base, is linear and descends on the secondaries, even to the red spot;
the second, of the same width, a little bent, widening on the se-
condaries; after this, there is a small, very narrow line, sometimes
obsolete ; then, a band wide in the middle, bifid above, and termi-
nating in a point on the disk of the secondaries; then, a-small,
short band, a whitish or greenish point, and finally, a marginal,

10 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

macular band composed of eight lunules. The secondaries have
six whitish crescents, marginal, and a large, red, bilobed anal spot,
‘placed a little obliquely and wider internally.

Tail black, linear, whitish at the end.

Under side of primaries, brownish, on which all the characters
of the upper side are visible. : ,

Under side of the secondaries also presents the same bands as
the opposite surface, but there is, besides, a red line placed on the
black band between the two principal white bands; near the anal
angle, this line is bent, as in P. ajax, but instead of widening, as in
the latter to form two red lunules, it continues in the same width
on the disk ; this line is bordered with white, but only in the place
where it corresponds to the red spot above. Some grayish atoms
above the two last white crescents.

Body blackish, with two whitish rays on the thorax; abdomen
blackish, annulated with white above, grayish below. Antenne
- blackish. Southern States.

Larva unknown.

P. sinon is easily distinguished from the neighboring species by
its greenish bands, the macular posterior band; the red line on the
under side not forming a crescent and the body annulated with
white.

Boisp.

14. P. celadon Lucas. Guér. Rev. Zool. 1852, 130.

A little smaller than P. senon, with which it has been con-
founded by Cramer. Upper side of wings, black, with bands of a
clear green thus disposed; the first, linear, common, running along
the abdominal edge of the secondaries, nearly to the red spot of
. the anal angle ; the second, also common, descends a little lower

on the secondaries ; the third, very wide, principally in the secon-
daries, common, and sending out on them two prolongations, which
reach the costal edge; on the secondaries it does not extend beyond
the intermediary band; the fourth, narrow, not passing the me-
dian nervure of the secondaries; the fifth, smaller than the fourth,
is placed beyond the summit of the discoidal cellule, and is divided
into three spots by the nervures, which are of a russety brown; the
sixth, macular, forming, on the second, a range of spots, more or
less rounded, nearly marginal, but sinuous and not touching the
posterior edge of the primaries, as in P. senon. Under side, like

PAPILIO. ll

the upper, with the black inclining towards russety. The seconda-
ries, besides the characters already mentioned, present a marginal
range of lunules of a clear green and an anal spot of red vermilion,
but much smaller than in P, sinon. The external edge is denta-
ted as in sinon by a tail less long and entirely black; emargina-
tions less bordered with whitish than in senon. Under side rus-
sety white, with the red spot more narrow than above. There is
also a reddish, feeble line, which goes from the middle of the edge,
without passing the superior nervure of the discoidal cellule; an-
tenne black; palpi clothed with white hairs; head black, with a
yellowish ray on each side, which continues on the sides of the tho-
rax, thorax black: abdomen black, annulated with yellowish white
on the sides; below, of this color, with a longitudinal narrow black
ray.
Expands 58 mill. California—Oregon ?
Lucas.

15, P. arcesilaus Lucas. Guér. Rev. Zool. 1852, 131.

Male, a little smaller than P. ajax. Upper side brown black,
with bands of a pale yellowish white thus disposed; first, linear,
common, touching the abdominal edge of the secondaries so as
nearly to join the red spot of the anal angle, from which it is sepa-
rated only by a small line of black; the second is a little wider; the
third, more narrow, not passing the discoidal cellule ; the fourth,
very wide, bifid in parting from the median nervure: the fifth,
very short, wider and less elongated than the third; the sixth,
nearly marginal, feeble, interrupted by the nervure; under side of a
black more clear, with the same designs as above; upper side of
secondaries deeper black, with the spot of yellowish white very
large, occupying all the centre and losing itself posteriorly in a
space powdered with yellowish; anteriorly, it is interrupted by a
black band very short, which proceeds from the middle of the edge;
the red spot is large, transverse, oblique and supported behind on
two yellowish spots; the exterior edge presents a marginal space
of yellow lunules, dentated ; tail black, yellow at the extremity.
Under side resembles the upper, and has besides in the middle, a
red sinuous ray, bordered with black on the internal side at its an-
terior part, and slightly edged with this color on the external side ;
the red transverse band is more narrow than on the upper side,
edged with white behind, with the lunules of the anal angle pow-

12 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dered with whitish atoms; tail much more edged with yellow on
the internal side than above ; palpi yellowish white ; this color con-
tinues on the sides of the thorax, whichis black. Abdomen black
above, yellow in the sides or below—a ray in each side.
California—Oregon? Expands 62 mill.
Lucas.

16. P. machaon Zinn. Figured by most European authors.

Upper side yellow, with a rather wide black border, sinuate
within, divided on the primaries by a row of eight yellow marginal
points and in the secondaries by a marginal row of six lunules of
the same color, of which four or five of the intermediary are largest;
all these lunules are preceded by an orbicular spot formed of blue
atoms; the anal angle is marked by a reddish yellow ocular spot,
surmounted by a whitish violet crescent. Primaries with four
black spots along the upper edge, of which the outer one is the
smallest and nearly round; the two following are transverse, not
passing the median nervure; the fourth is very large, occupying
all the base, and powdered with yellowish gray, as well as that part
of the border comprised between the marginal points and the
ground color; the branches of the median nerve black and dilated.
Secondaries have a black are at the extremity of the discoidal cel-
lule ; the abdominal edge black, powdered with yellowish ; the con-
tour with short teeth and a black linear tail of moderate length,
obtuse at the extremity, bordered with yellow in the internal side;
emarginations bordered with yellow as well as the sinus of the pri-
maries.

Onder side nearly similar to the upper with all the nervures
black and the yellow more mingled with the black and occupying
more space. ‘The blue spots of the secondaries are more narrow,
somewhat lunulate; the second, third, and sometimes the sixth are
each surmounted with a russety spot. Body yellow, with a dorsal
band; antennee black.

California—Europe—Asia.

Boisp.
17. P: villiersii Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 14. P. devillierst Godt.

Nearly same size as P. troilus. Wings greenish blue, shining,
dentated, emarginations white, a marginal range of bluish lunules,
much smaller on the primaries than on the secondaries.

Toil moderate, spatulate.

PARNASSIUS. 13

Under side of primaries, shining, blackish bronze to the middle,
with an are of white spots at the end of the discoidal cellule, and
a marginal range of silver white triangular spots. |

Under side of secondaries, brown, with the origin of the base
and outer border, yellowish white; in the middle, three large, sil-
ver spots. Towards the edge, a range of five to seven silver spots,
separated from the external border by a black zigzag line, sur-
mounted by ferruginous crescents, reposing on a deep bronze
ground.

Body black bronze, with white points on the prothorax, breast

and sides of the abdomen. Southern States.
Boisp.

18. P. polydamas:Linn. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 15. Cram. Pap. pl. 211.
Drury I, pl.17. Herbst, pl. 10. Seba Mus. p. 39. . Merian, Surin.
pl. 31. Lucas Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 17. ,

Size of P. astertas, Wings greenish black, traversed towards the
extremity by a band of yellow more or less pale, of moderate width,
somewhat macular; formed, on the primaries, of cuneiform, point-
ed spots, and on the secondaries, of cuneiform, truncated spots.
The primaries sinuate, slightly dentate; the secondaries dentate.
Emarginations yellow.

Under side brown; that of the primaries more clear towards
the base, with the same markings as above; that of the seconda-
ries is more obscure towards the extremity, with a marginal
range of seven reddish brown spots, linear, transverse, a little flex-
uous, of which the three outer are usually bordered with silver
white. At the base, there is also a reddish spot.

Body black, the prothorax, the sides of the breast, and of the ab-
domen, with rufous spots or streaks.

Georgia.

Larva which lives on Aristolochia, is brown, with fleshy spines
of the same color; the body radiated with red and each segment
having, besides, four ocellated spots, half yellow, half red.

Bolsp.
PARNASSIUS Larr.
Head rather small ; eyes not prominent: palpi longer than the
head, elevated beyond the front, furnished with long and fine hairs,
and composed of three distinct, equal articles; the first arcuate,

14 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the second straight, the third linear; antenne short, terminating
in a straight, ovoid, elongated club.

Body thick, hairy ; abdomen of the female provided with a pouch
or horny valve. Wings, parchment like, nerves prominent, not
dentated, and nearly destitute of scales on the under side and to-
wards the summit on the upper side. Secondaries have the abdo-
minal edge sloped, leaving the abdomen entirely free.

Larva smooth, cylindroid, thick, with small tubercles, a little
hairy. The first ring provided with a furcate tentacle of the shape
of a Y. Head small, round.

Chrysalis cylindrico-conical, powdered with a bluish efflores-
cence, enveloped between leaves in a light tissue of silk and sus-
tained by transverse threads.

1. P. clarius Eversm. Bullet. de Moscou, XVI, 539, fig. 1.

Primaries white, with two black streaks in the discoidal cellule ;
the extremity semitransparent, gray, divided by a row of white spots;
internal angle sometimes without spots and sometimes marked with
a small blackish spot.

Secondaries white, with two small red ocelli; anal angle with a
black arc, often obsolete in the males.

Under side of the secondaries with two ocelli as above; the
base usually with the impression of red obsolete spots; the are of
the anal angle black or red. Body blackish, with whitish hairs,
very short on the thorax; palpi covered with yellow hairs. The
female has the anal are distinct, reddish on the under side; wings
divided above by a blackish marginal festooned line; the horny
pouch of the under side of the abdomen, large, entirely white and
bordered with yellow hairs.

Northern California.
EVERSMAN,

2. P. nomion Fisch. Fisch. Entomograph. de la Russie, II, pl. 6. Boisd.
Icon. pl. 4, fig. 3. Godt. Dup. Suppl. pl. 43. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
pl. 2. Gray. Cat. Lep. Ins. Brit. Mus. fig. 316, 409, 410.

Base of the wings black ; transverse sinuous ray of the extremity
well defined on all the wings; two spots between the discoidal cel-
lule and this ray, on the primaries, marked with reddish; the spot
on the middle of the internal edge has the middle of it reddish ;

PARNASSIUS. 15

secondaries with a reddish spot at the base; abdominal edge
covered with a space more deeply blackish, ascending in the form of
an anchor or hook, to the extremity of the discoidal cellule ; fringe
intersected with black; antenne strongly annulate with black.
Female a little larger than the male, wings powdered with blackish ;
pouch of the under side of the abdomen small, brownish, not
prominent, formed of two wrinkled valves, separated by a longitu-
dinal groove. —
Rocky Mountains.

Boisp.

3. P, clodius Menetries. Voyage de M. Wosnesjensky. P. clarius, Boisd.

Very near to P. clarius Eversm. but larger; wings of a dead
white, a little yellowish (the transparent part and the row of spots
on the external edge as in clarius.)

On the wnder side, the primaries have the same black spots as in
clarius, but the two discoidal spots of the anterior edge are very
narrow ; the base is widely powdered with black; near the internal
edge there is a well defined small black spot.

The secondaries have the base powdered with black, the two
ocelli are small and irregularly round, pale reddish, with a deep
black edge ; no anal spot. :

Under side paler white and glossy; with the same markings as
_ above but less distinct.

The four spots at the base of the secondaries are pale red, each
one limited outwardly by a black trait. (These spots do not occur
in P. clarius.) Towards the anal angle, there is a cuneiform spot
of a similar red, with a black line above and below it, and near it
and more outwardly, there is a black point.

The whole body is covered with long, yellowish hairs, which on
the front, the anterior of the thorax and under the abdomen are
shorter, closer and russety. Expands three inches and a half.

California.

MENETRIES.

Fam. II. PIERIDAE.

Larva slightly pubescent, somewhat attenuated at the
extremity. Perfect insect with the abdominal edge of the
secondaries without a concavity. Discoidal cellule closed.
Hooks of the tarsi unidentate.

16 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

PIERIS Scour.

Head rather small, short; eyes naked, moderate; palpi rather
long, somewhat compressed, a little cylindrical, clothed with rigid
hairs, slightly fasciculate; the last article slender, nearly as long
as the preceding, forming a small acicular point; antennee moderate,
the joints distinct, the club ovotd compressed. Abdomen not ro-
bust, a little shorter than the secondary wings. Wings moderately
strong, the discoidal cellule closed; the internal edge of the
secondaries convex, embracing more or less the lower part of the
abdomen.

Larva cylindrical, elongate, pubescent, marked with longitudinal
rays and small granules more or less visible.

_ Chrysalis angular, terminated before by a point more or less
long, sometimes nearly smooth, and sometimes furnished with
tubercles more or less sharp, attached by the tail and a transverse
line.

Pieris may easily be distinguished from the neighboring genera
by the antenne not being truncated, the palpi less compressed,
of which the last article is always nearly as long as the preceding ;
by the less robust body and the wings more thin. Zhey never
have those central silver or ferruginous spots which are always
present on the discoidal cell of the under side of the wings of the
true Colias. The prevailing color is white, more or less spotted
with black.

1. P. monusta Jiiibn. Samml. Exot. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 16. Hibn.
Pap. Exot. Cram. 151. P. orseis Godt. P. cleomes Boisd.

Male. Upper surface of primaries, white with a black border,
wider at the summit, serrated within. Upper surface of seconda-
ries, entirely white in the males. Under surface of primaries white,
with the border pale brown, or yellow ochre.

Under surface of secondaries, yellow ochry, more or less pale,
with the border pale brown, and a saffron spot at the base.

The female has an arcuated black line on the middle of the
primaries, and a marginal series of black triangular spots in the
secondaries.

PIERIS. 17

Body white; thorax obscure; shoulders grayish; neck ferrugi-
nous. Antenne black, annulated with white; tip of the club
greenish. Expands two to three inches.

Larva violet, with longitudinal bands of citron; head, feet, and
lower part of the body yellow—a little greenish.

Chrysalis pale, yellowish, shaded with blackish, with a raised
point on the back.

Feeds on Cleome pentaphylia.

Georgia to Brazil.
Botsv.

2. P. protodice Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. 45, pl. 17.

Male. Primaries white, with a large black trapezoidal spot near
the upper edge, and an oblique, macular, black band; the summit,
near the border, has four or five black triangular spots on the
nervures.

The upper side of the secondaries entirely white, sometimes
with a small group of blackish atoms near the internal angle.

The under gide of the primaries resembles the upper, but the
black markings are paler—a little greenish at the summit.

The under side of the secondaries white, slightly tinted with
yellow or greenish, with the nervures more pale or ochry; a slight

blackish spot on the border of the discoidal cellule, besides a mar--

ginal impression of dark atoms scarcely distinct from the ground
color.
The female has the black of the primaries more intense; the

secondaries are white, tinted with grayish; exterior edge dark,.

with five or six white trapezoidal spots.

Onder side washed with greenish brown in the nervyures, and a.

submarginal band of the same color.
Expands two and a half inches.

United States.
Borsp.

P. sisymbrii Doisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. X, 284.

Upper side white; primaries with a subcostal spot; a trans--
verse, interrupted ray, and some longitudinal streaks at the end of.

the nerves, blackish brown; secondaries without spots.
Under side of primaries similar to the upper, except the streaks,
which are powdered with greenish brown.
2

18 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of secondaries white, with the nerves widely edged
with greenish brown, dilated towards the marginal edge, and
nearly united between this edge and the cellule by a transverse
ray ; obsolete, more or less interrupted.

California—rare.
Borsp.

P. leucodice Hversm. Figured in Bulletin, Moscow, XVI, pl. 7, f. 2.

Wings on both sides white; nerves black; primaries on both
sides, with the usual median spot, occupying the transverse nervure
and external fascia, black; secondaries below, with the external
fascia, blackish.

Northwestern America.
EVERSMANN.

P. autodice Hiibn. Samml. Exot. Boisd. Spec. Gén. 539.

Upper side of the male white; primaries, with some marginal
triangular blackish marks at the summit, preceded by a macular
transverse ray of the same color; a black oblong spot in the form
of a transverse ray on the extremity of the discoidal cellule.

Upper side of female white, a little yellowish, with a marginal
row of black triangular marks on the four wings, nearly touching,
preceded by a sinuous row of sagittate spots, of which the con-
cavity is turned inwards; the black spot of the discoidal cellule
of the primaries is large, quadrangular, and a little prolonged on
the upper edge. }

Under side of the primaries differs from the upper in having the
discoidal spot cut by a white vein; in having the summit of a pale
yellow, with the marginal marks less distinct, paler, and each one
divided by a whitish gray nervure.

Under side of secondaries pale yellow in both sexes, with the
nervures whitish gray, slightly edged with blackish, a little dilated
on the posterior edge; a transverse ray of six sagittate spots,
blackish, corresponding to those on the upper side of the female ;
the upper edge, aud two points at the base, saffron yellow; a vein
of the same color, but paler in the discoidal cellule, and another
not far from the abdominal edge, a little mingled; a small white
space on the extremity of the discoidal cellule, and a small black-
ish, oblong spot, pupilled with whitish, situated between the costal
and subcostal nervure.

PIERIS. 19

Body whitish; head saffron yellow; antenne black, annulated
with white, with the club greenish white. .
California—Cnhili.

3. P. oleracea Harr. Ins. Mass. (1842), 214.

All the wings white; base of the primaries dusky.

Under side of primaries yellowish at apex; nervures darkish.

Under side of secondaries straw color, with broad dusky nerv-
ures; base, deep yellow.

Body black; antenne blackish, annulated with white; ochry at
the end of the club.

Northern States.—Expands two inches.
HARRIS.

P. casta Kirby.—P. cruciferarum Boisd. Spec. Gén. 519. Figured in
Kirby Faun. Bor. Amer., IV, pi. 3.

Antenne black, annulated with white; wings white; primaries,
at the anterior margin, sprinkled with blackish ; secondaries, under-
neath, with a few scattered black scales eet wo nervures ;

wings rounded and very entire.
Kirsy.

P. menapia Felder. Wiener Entom. Monatschrift, III, No. 9, 271.

Wings tender, white; veins black at the base; elongate; con-
’ colored; costal streak and apical edge black; this edge profoundly
sinuate within, and divided on the under side with six (in the male
five) large white spots.

. Secondaries of the male with a submarginal streak, flexuous ;
blackish above, with black points situated at the extreme of the
veins; below more distincé.

Secondaries of the female with the same streak, but much more
distinct and obscure; below, the veins widely margined with fus-
cous; the costa, the basal and other spots a little livid; abdomen
above blackish, below whitish.

Utah.

FELDER.

20 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

‘ ANTHOCARIS Boisp.

Hlead rather small, short; eyes moderate, a little prominent;
palpi rather long, somewhat divergent, bristled with stiff hairs,
somewhat fasciculate; last article thin, very distinct, acicular,
scarcely as long as the preceding; antenne rather short, joints
distinct, terminated more or less abruptly by an ovoid, compressed
club. Abdomen not robust, a little shorter than the secondaries.
Wings delicate, discoidal cellule closed; the secondaries lightly
embracing the under part of the abdomen.

Larva slender, pubescent, attenuated at both extremities.

Chrysalis naked, navicular; rings immovable, carinated, more or
less arcuated, destitute of lateral points; attached by the tail and

a transverse line.

Anthocaris differs from Pzeris in the form of the chrysalis, which °

is navicular, equally attenuated at both ends, and in the antenne
of the perfect insect. It can easily be distinguished from the
allied genera by the delicate texture of the wings and the auroral
or reddish spot which covers more or less of the summit of the
primaries, at least of the males in two of our species.

1. A. genutia Fab. Ent. Syst. II, 1, 193. Lherminieri (fem.) Godt. -

A. Midea? Hiibn.

Wings white; primaries, with external border concave, and the
summit pale orange; upper edge near the base, sprinkled with
grayish, a small black point near the middle.

The fringe of the secondaries bordered with a range of small
black spots.

Under side of primaries white, with the summit greenish, small
black point in the middle.

Under side of secondaries marbled with green.

Expands an inch and an eighth.

The female is destitute of the orange summit, but has blackish
spots along that edge. The black spot on the middle of the
ptimaries is larger than in the male.

Southern States.

’

Boisp.

NATHALIS. 21

2. A. lanceolata Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. X, 284.

A little larger than A. genutia, but destitute of the auroral spot
in the male as well as in the female.

Upper side white; primaries with a black spot at one end of the
discoidal cellule, and at the other, some brownish black streaks.

Under side of primaries with the costal spot as above, and the
summit reticulated with greenish gray.

Under side of secondaries entirely marbled and finely reticulated
with greenish gray, with the edge marked with some small white
spots, of which one is largest.

California—rare.
Boisp.

3. A. sara Boisd. Ann. Soc. ent. 2me sér. X, 285.

Upper side white, or white slightly tinted with yellow; that of
the primaries marked at the summit with a large triangular orange
’ red spot, bordered with black; the black spot of the discoidal
cellule is connected with the black border.

Upper side of the secondaries transparently showing the mark-
ings of the opposite side, and with some blackish, meng) spots,
more or less distinct.

Under side of primaries a little more pale than above.

Under side of secondaries finely pointed, and marbled with white
and greenish, like A. genutda.

The females with a paler spot, not edged with black, and divided
at the extremity by a series of sulphury white marginal points.

California.
Boisp.

NATHALIS Boisp.

Head rather large, bristled; palpi long, separate, extending
beyond the eyes, covered with stiff hairs; second article long, the
last much shorter than the preceding; antenne very short, joints
distinct, terminated abruptly by an oval, flattened club, a little
truncated at the summit; body moderate. Abdomen as long as
the secondaries. Wings not robust, discoidal cellule closed; the
secondaries embrace a portion of the under side of the abdomen ;
the anterior border, in the male, with a small, oval, glandular,
naked impression.

22 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

It differs from Terias by its:long, separate, and bristly palpi;
from Anthocaris and Pieris, by the shortness of the antenne, and
especially by the small glandular space mentioned above.

1. N.iole Boisd. Spec. Gén. I, 589.

Wings saffron yellow; the primaries have at the summit a black,
rather large, triangular space, marked on the side with two small
yellow streaks. Below this space, not far from the internal angle,
a spot of the same color, surmounted by a small black point.
Secondaries without spots, or with the border, with small, blackish,
separate lines, nearly obsolete ; the costal border blackish, marked
with a lenticular space of dull gray, partly denuded.

The under side of the primaries differs from the upper, the
ground color being paler, except along the side, where it is orange
yellow; there is a small, discoidal, black point, and below the
apical blackish space there are three blackish spots.

The under side of the secondaries is greenish yellow, strongly
powdered with obscure atoms, especially towards the base, with
two transverse obsolete lines, formed by the condensed atoms.

Body blackish, powdered with yellowish atoms; antenne short,
blackish, anfiulated with whitish, with the club much compressed,
and of arussety tint. Expands one inch.

Texas.
Boisp.

2. N. irene frich.

“Differs from JV. dole in having the under side of the primaries
destitute of a blackish central dot, and of the three blackish spots
towards their inner angle, the hindmost one is here prolonged into
a broad stripe extending to the base of the wing, and slightly
separated from its inner edge; and the base of the wing instead of
its outer edge is orange yellow.”

Mississippi Valley.

FitcxH.

RHODOCERA Boisp.

Head small, retracted; eyes naked, not prominent; palpi much
compressed, contiguous, furnished with short hairs, scaly; last

article very short; antenne rather short, truncated, more or less

RHODOCERA. 23

arcuated, enlarging from the middle to the extremity ; thorax rather
robust, covered with fine silky hairs. Wings rather robust, dis-
coidal cellule closed. The primaries alwaysshave the summit more
or less sharp and angular; the secondaries sometimes furnished
with a prominent angle, forming a groove, which:embraces the
lower part of the body; body shorter than the secondaries.

Larva feebly pubescent, attenuated at both extremities, green,
with a paler lateral ray.

Chrysalis much arcuated, spindle-shaped at both ends; always
attached by the tail, and a transverse line over the body.

Khodocera strongly resembles the next genus, Callidryas ; but
it differs from that in the arcuated antenne and angular wings.
The ground color is yellow, more or less pale. Ordinarily, there
is a ferruginous spot at the extremity of the cellule of each wing.
The median nervure of the secondaries is more prominent than in
the other genera. Tle males differ from the females in the more

lively yellow of the wings. In the American species, the costal

‘border of the primaries of the males is hispid, and rough to the

touch.

1. R. maerula Fab. E.S. III, 1,212. Figured in Cram. Pap. II, p!. 129.
Hbst. Pap. pl. 103. Donoyv. Gen. illust. of Ent. pl. 2. Boisd. et
Lec. 71, pl. 23. A. eclipsis Cram. Hbst.

Yellow citron above, with a black point on the middle of the
primaries, and one of pale orange, slightly circled with black on
the secondaries.

The primaries are somewhat falcate at the summit; along the
outer border, a range of small orange points; secondaries, angular. |

Under side paler than the upper; discoidal spot of each wing
ferruginous, and marked with a white point.

Body of same color as the wings; antenne reddish.

Female, more lively yellow than male. Expands three and a
half inches.

Southern States.
Borsp.

24 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. R.lyside Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 93.

Upper side whitish green; primaries, with the base, yellowish
orange, and the summit washed with yellow russety. Secondaries,
without spots.

Under side of primaries a little paler than the upper, with the
summit somewhat broader russety.

Under side of inferiors yellowish, without spots, the median
nervure very prominent; antenne short, grayish rosy, with the end
of the club ferruginous.

Female whiter, with the upper side of the secondaries ochry
yellow, and the base of the primaries deprived almost entirely of
the yellow spot.

Southern States.
GoDART.

3. R.rhamni Zinn. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gén. pl. 2, B. fig. 7.

Upper side of the male citron yellow, that of the female greenish
white, with an orange point on the extremity of the discoidal
cellule of each wing, and some very small indistinct ferruginous
points on the fringe. ;

Under side of the male paler than the upper; the discoidal
orange spot is replaced in both sexes by a ferruginous point, a
little whitish in its centre.

Body blackish above, yellowish below, with white silky hairs on
the thorax: and at the base of the abdomen. Expands over two
inches.

California.

Boisp.

CALLIDRYAS Boitsp.

Inferior palpi much compressed, with short hairs; last article
conical, much shorter than the preceding; antennze of moderate
length, neatly truncated at the extremity, slightly arcuated, enlarg-
ing insensibly from the base to the extremity. Prothorax rather
long. Body robust. Abdomen much shorter than the secondaries.
Wings robust, discoidal cellule closed ; secondaries forming a
groove which embraces the under side of the body.

The Callidryas vary in color from orange yellow to pale saffron.
Their wings, always destitute of angles, ordinarily have on the

CALLIDRYAS. "2

under side, at least in the females, one or two silvery or ferruginous
points. They are distinguished from Colias and Rhodoceras by
the absence of the rough costal edge of the primaries of the males,
of the prominent angles, and by the form of the antenne. The
sexual difference is very striking, and this has led some writers to

describe the two sexes as different species.

1. C. eubule Zinn. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gén. pl. 2, B. fig. 6. Cram.
120. A. B.163. A.B.C. Boisd. et Lec. 74, pl. 24. Sm. Abb. I, pl.
5. C. marcellina Cram.

Boisd. in Boisd. et Lec. p. 75, following the example of the old
authors, confounded this species with C. marcellina, making the
latter the male; but a subsequent comparison of the larve con-
vinced him of his error.

Male.— Upper side yellow citron, with a thin indistinct border
of yellow, more dull and dentated on the primaries; the fringe of
all the wings is marked by distant ferruginous small points.

Under side more deeply yellow; primaries, with two ferruginous,
geminate points at the end of the discoidal cellule, followed by a
transverse, brownish, zigzag ray.

Under side of secondaries, with two discoidal, silvery points,
circled with ferruginous, situated on a sinuous, brownish line, pre-
ceded by red ferruginous points, more or less distinct, and followed
by a tortuous, brownish, indistinct line.

Female, or C. eubule of authors, of a more vivid yellow; se-
condaries rounded, fringe orange, interrupted by transverse brown
lines or spots. Primaries, with a large brown spot on the middle,
cut by an orange arc; border narrow, brown, crenulate, preceded
towards the summit by a tortuous, blackish, indistinct ray.

Under side more intensely yellow than the male, with the same
markings more prominent and more ferruginous; the primaries
have two discoidal, united silvery points; the secondaries have a
part of the points of the base united in a tortuous line, so that they
have three tortuous, transverse rays, of which the middle one is
joined with that of the primaries.

Body yellowish, with greenish hairs on the thorax; antenne,
and under side of the last article of the palpi, rose brown. Hx-
pands about two and three quarter inches.

Florida.

Botsp.

26 : LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

e
®

2. C. marcellina Fab. E. §. Ill, 1,209. Figured in Donov. Nat. Repos.
pl. 6. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 5. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 24. C. eubule et mar-
-cellina Godt.

It is almost impossible to distingnish this species from C. eubule.
The most positive character is, that the secondaries are less
rounded, and the anal angle more prominent.

The upper sede of the male is similar to that of OC. eubule; but the
under side has the points and tortuous lines more obsolete; the
geminate ferruginous points of the primaries are replaced by a
red or ferruginous point, cut by a small yellow nervure; and the
two discoidal, silvery points of the secondaries, are a little smaller.

The upper side of the female has the same designs as Hubule,
only that the secondaries have the posterior border very indistinetly
marked by small brown lines or spots.

Under side similar to C. eubule, only that it is ordinarily strewed
with small ferruginous atoms.

Larva deep citron yellow, punctured with black, and a blue
transverse ray On each segment; abdomen below and feet yellow,
with a lateral range of small blue lines above the feet. Feeds on
Oassia.

Southern States.
Bolsp.

COLIAS Fas.

Inferior palpi much compressed, covered with short silky hairs,
rose red; last article much shorter than the preceding; antenne
straight, short, rose red, terminating in an obtuse cone, which
extends more than a fourth of their length. Abdomen shorter than
the secondaries ; thorax robust; color more or less lively yellow ;
border black.

Colias differs from Prerts in the shorter antenne, insensibly
terminating in an obconical club; in the black border common to
all the wings; in the primaries, usually having a black discoidal
point, and the secondaries a central point, orange above and
ordinarily silvery below, accompanied by another small point, in a
small reddish or ferruginous spot on the insertion of the median

nerve, at the base of secondaries below.

COLIAS. oF

Larva smooth, slightly pubescent, a little attenuated at the
extremities.

Chrysalis carinated above, not arcuate, destitute of lateral points, -
terminating anteriorly in a point; always attached by the tail, and

a transversal line placed below the middle of the body.

1. C. caesonia Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 98. Figured in Boisd. et Lec.
67, pl. 22. Stoll. Suppl. Cram. pl. 41. Lucas, Hist. Nat. des Pap.
Exot. pl. 39. C. philippa? Fab.

Wings beautiful yellow ; primaries, with the summit, very sharp,
sometimes a little falcate.

- Primaries blackish at the base, a large black point in the
middle; a wide black border, sinuate, or rather emarginate inte-
riorly, making the yellow part bear a rude resemblance to a dog’s
head, of which the black point forms the eye. On the upper edge,
near the summit, are three whitish oblong streaks. Fringe rosy.

Secondaries with a black border strongly dentated within; two
large geminate discoidal orange spots, and some streaks of the
same color near the border. Fringe yellow, washed with rosy.

Under side of the primaries dull yellow, except in the middle ;
a black eye with a silvery pupil.

Under side of secondaries deep yellow, with two silvery, dis-
coidal, geminate points, circled with ferruginous; besides this, a
transverse line of ferruginous points, as in most of the species.

Body blackish above ; yellowish below; antennz reddish.

The female is of yellow, less bright; the border of the primaries
is of black, less deep, with some indistinct yellow streaks; the
borcer of the secondaries is interrupted, and the surface here and
there presents some traces of rosy. Expands two inches and a
half.

Larva green, with a lateral white band, punctured with yellow;
besides this band, there is on each segment a transverse black
band, bordered with yellow. Feeds on different species of Trifo-
lium.

Southern States. ; Borsp.

2. C. edusa Fab. Ent. System. Godt. Encye. IX, 103. Figured in most
of the European works on this subject.

Wings yellow, inclining to fulvous, more or less mingled with
greenish on the secondaries.

28 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The primaries have a large black point at the extremity of the
discoidal cellule, and a wide border of the same color, sinuated
interiorly, a little dilated at the summit, and divided at this part
by jine yellow nervures; the secondaries have on the disk an orange
spot, and at the extremity a black border following that on the
primaries, more or less sinuated within, and terminating in .a point
a little before the anal angle.

Under side of the primaries differs from the upper in being a
little more pale; all the part corresponding to the border is
yellowish green, preceded by a transverse line of points, of which
the three inferior are black, and the others ferruginous and
smaller.

The under side of the secondaries is yellowish green, with two
geminate, discoidal, silvery points, bordered with ferruginous cor-
responding to the orange spot, of which the outer is the smaller ;
besides this, there is a reddish line at the base, on the insertion of
the median nerve; a small ferruginous spot on the costal edge,
followed by a transverse line of ferruginous points in a line with

~ those of the primaries.

The fringe of all the wings is yellow, interrupted with brown
above and rosy below.

Body yellow greenish; back black; antennz and feet rosy.

The female differs from the male in having the border divided
by a yellow band, macular, interrupted on the primaries.

Larva, which feeds on Trifolium, is green, with a lateral ray
mingled with white and yellow, marked with a fulvous point on
each ring.

Chrysalis green, with a lateral yellow line and some ferruginous
points.

Inhabits the four quarters of the globe.
Borsp.

3. C. chrysctheme Hibn. Pap. 426-8. Figured in Boisd. Spec. Gén.
pl. 2, B. fig. 5. Boisd. Icones, pl. 9, fig. 34. Hiitbn. Europ. Schmett.
pl. 85.

Resembles C, edusa, but paler; border browner, divided by fine
yellow nervures. The primaries are broadly yellow on the edge;
the discoidal point more narrow, transverse, surrounded with ferru-
ginous. The discoidal spot on the under side of the primaries has
a silvery pupil.

In the female the yellow orange occupies only the disk of the

COLIAS. 29

primaries, and the yellow spots which divide the border are larger,
more distinct, and paler.

Inhabits North America and Hurope.
Boisp.

4. C. philodice Godt. Encyc. Méth. IX,100. Figured in Boisd. et Lec.
64, pl. 21. Swains. Zool. Dlust. Ist series, pl. 60. Lucas, Hist.
Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 39. C. anthyale Hiibn.

Upper side canary yellow, with a black border, slightly sinuous
within, and terminating on the secondaries, a little before the anal
angle. Primaries, with a black point near the upper edge.
Secondartes, with a pale orange point on the disk.

_ Under side of primaries canary yellow, with the edge and ex-
tremity a little russety; the discoidal point usually pupilled with
white.

The under side of the secondaries is yellow, a little russety, with
two geminate, discoidal, silvery points, bordered with ferruginous,
of which the outer one is the smaller; parallel to the outer edge
of both wings there is a series of ferruginous points.

The fringe of the four wings is rosy below; more dull above.

Body and antenne as in the other species.

The female has the border less black, a little wider, 4 little
dilated at the summit, divided on the primaries by a macular band
interrupted by the ground color; the discoidal point pupilled with
whitish above.

A female variety is sometimes found with wings nearly white.

Inhabits the United States.
Botsp.

5. C. amphidusa Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 286.

Wings with the border of the same form and width as edusa;
slightly powdered with yellowish atoms, and divided at the summit
of the primaries by three or four fine yellow nerves. The upper
edge slightly powdered with citron yellow.

Female, sulphury white.

California,

Botsp.

6. C. eurytheme Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X.
Perhaps only a variety of C. chrysotheme.

Usually much larger, of a brighter orange fulvous, with the
yellow nervures less numerous. ‘The spots which divide the border

BO... LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of the secondaries in the females are less neat and less distinct than
in C. chrysotheme.

California, Mexico, and some of the States.
Boisp.

7. C.pelidne Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. 66, pl. 21.

Upper side of all the wings yellow, inclining a little to greenish,
with a biack border, regularly sinuated on the internal side, and
ending on the secondaries towards the middle of their outward
seam. j

Under side of the primaries is paler, with the edge powdered
with darker atoms, and an oval, central, elongated point, pupilled
with reddish.

Inder side of the secondaries is greenish yellow, with a rounded,
central, reddish point, surmounted by another much smaller point
of the same color. The base also has a reddish point.

The fringe of all the wings is red; antennee yellowish rosy, with
the knob brownish above and yellowish below.

Labrador.

Botsp.
8. C. phicomone Godi. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 100.

Upper side greenish yellow in the male; greenish white in the
female, covered in both sexes with a blackish powder, usually less
abundant in the disk of the primaries, marked with a black dis-
coidal point; a rather wide blackish border, and divided by a
range of spots of the ground color. Secondartes have also a black
border, divided by a band of the ground color; but the black
often disappears, especially in the female, so that the border is
formed by a yellow or whitish band; a discoidal yellow spot.

Under side of the primaries white, more or less greenish, with
the summit russety yellow; a silver discoidal point, bordered with
ferruginous, sometimes united to a smaller point; a small ferrugi-
nous spot on the insertion of the median nervure and the costal
edge.

Labrador.

Boisp.
8. C. nastes Boisd. Spec. Gén. I, 648.

Smaller than C. phicomone, but very similar to it.
Under side yellow, a little greenish, powdered as in phicomone,
with the fringe and the edge of the primaries a little more rosy ;

COLIAS. 31

primaries with a blackish border, insensibly mingling with the
,yellow, divided by small elliptical yellow spots, placed on the
nervures ; a black discoidal point, sometimes ocellated. Seconda-
ries nearly like phicomone.

Under side of the primaries white, more or less greenish, with
the summit yellowish, and a black discoidal point, pupilled with
whitish.

Under side of the secondaries greenish yellow, covered with a
fine blackish dust from the base to beyond the middle, and marked
at the extrenrity of the discoidal cellule with a solitary small spot
of a ferruginous reddish, pupilled with russety white. Antenne
red, with the under side of the club yellow.

Female whitish above, less powdered with blackish atoms than
the female of C. phicomone, with the border of the primaries
divided by regular elliptical spots.

Labrador.

Borsp.

10. C. hyale Linn. Figured in Fischer Entom. de la Russie, pl. 11.
C. palaeno Fisch.

Upper side satiron yellow, with a large black point at the end of
the discoidal cellule of the primaries, and a pale orange spot, a
little bilobed, on the disk of the secondaries. Primaries with a
black border at the. extremity, widened at the summit; cnt its
whole length by a suite of spots of the ground color, of which the
two intermediary are less distinct, and the following ones some-
times mingled with the general tint. Secondaries with a blackish
border, narrow, often macular, and sometimes nearly obsolete,
especially in the males.

Under side of the primaries has no border, summit yellow, a
little russety, preceded by a transverse line of blackish points.

Under side of secondaries entirely russety yellow, with two
geminate points, discoidal, silvery, bordered with ferruginous, cor-
responding to the orange spot of the upper side, of which the
exterior is the smallest; besides this, a° small reddish mark at the
base, a small ferruginous spot on the costal edge, followed by a
transverse line of ferruginous points, on a line with those of the
primaries. Fringe reddish, as well as the upper edge.

Body yellow, with the head ferruginous; palpi, antennez, and
feet reddish.

32 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Female pale saffron yellow, and nearly white above.

California—Hurope—A frica—Siberia.
Boisp.

il. C. vosnesenski Ménétriés. Figured in Cat. Petersburg Imper. Acad.
Sets it

Nearly the size of C. caesonza; but the primaries are much more
pointed at the summit, and the external edge more falcate.

The primaries have a beautiful, vivid, yellow spot on the disk;
a violet reflection over all the wing; base powdered with black, as
well as theewhole length. of the anterior edge; a black discoidal
point; the black border of the external edge is wider than in C.
caesonia ; it is emarginated, square, somewhat, as in this species,
but it encroaches more on the yellow spot so as to nearly touch the
discoidal point, which completely destroys the likeness to a dog’s
head, so distinctly marked in C. caesonva.

The fringe is rosy, with some yellow spots on each side of the
summit. .

The secondaries are beautiful citron yellow, covered over with
orange yellow without any spot, only that the trace of the dis-
coidal point of the under side is indicated by an orange point.

The under side of the four wings as in C. caesonia, only that the
discoidal point of the primaries is smaller, and the second silver
point of the secondaries is larger. Head black; antenne reddish;
‘thorax black, with some scattered yellow hairs.

Body black, a little yellowish below.

California,
MENETRI£S.

TERIAS Swains.

ficad short, inclined, somewhat concealed under the costal edge
of the primaries; eyes naked; palpi very short, covered with short
hairs, scaly; last article small, thin, naked, much shorter than the
preceding ; antenne slender, articulation distinct, terminating in
an ovovd or conic club, a little arcuate, slightly compressed late-
rally.

Body rather slender; prothorax very short. Abdomen com-
pressed, extending the length of the secondaries. Wings thin,

TERIAS. 33

delicate, rather wide, discoidal celluies closed; primaries having
the costal edge strongly arcuate towards the base; the seconda-
ries embracing the abdomen below.

This genus has been sometimes confounded with Pieris and
again with Colias. It differs from the first in having the palpi
furnished with shorter and more closely set hairs, and the last
article very short. It differs from the second in the delicate
texture, the arcuate antennz, the laterally compressed club, and
the wings destitute of the discoidal silvery spots below.

The thin and delicate wings are usually yellow, with the summit
_ of the primaries deep black, contrasting agreeably with the ground
color.

1. T. nicippe Fab. Ent. Syst. UI, 1, 208. Figured in Cram. Pap. pl.
210. Herbst. Pap. pl. 107. Boisd. et Lec. 55, pl. 20. Say’s Amer.
Ent. pl. 30. Lucas’ Hist. Nat. des’ Pap. Exot. pl. 38.

Upper side lively yellow orange, with a wide black common
border, sinuate within, wider at the summit of the primaries, where
it is surmounted on the upper edge with three or four small yellow
streaks. The primaries also have on the extremity of the discoidal
cellule a small black crescent, and the upper edge towards the base
is densely sprinkled with black.

Under side of primaries paler.

Under side of secondaries yellow, with brown atoms; a small
discoidal black dot; a brownish spot on the middle of the costal
edge; then a transverse band, undulate, more or less brownish.

Female differs from the male in being paler and often of a yellow
color; the black border of the primaries suddenly ceases a little
before the internal angle, and that on the secondaries is partly
effaced towards the anal angle.

Larva, which feeds on Cassia and Trifolium, is pale green, with
a dorsal ray more obscure, and a lateral white band, marked before
with five yellow points.

Chrysalis green, a little arcuate, sprinkled with ferruginous spots.

United States.—Expands a little over two inches.

BolsD»

34 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. T. lisa Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gén. I, 661. Figured in Boisd. et Lec.

53, pl. 19. Boisd. Spec. Gen. pl. 2. ZT. smilax Godt.

Wings citron yellow above. Primaries have the base powdered
with blackish; a small black discoidal point; a black border,
beginning at the middle of the upper edge, dilated at the summit,
and dentated within the whole length.

Secondaries have a narrow black border, dentated within, obso-
lete towards the anal angle.

Fringe of all the wings rosy above.

Under side of primaries yellow, with a small black discoidal
point, and the upper edge embroidered with reddish.

Under side of secondaries yellow, sprinkled with obscure atoms,
with three small blackish points, of which one is on the base, and
two on the disk; a blackish, undulate, transverse, macular ray, «
followed on the external angle by a roundish, ferruginous spot.

The four wings are edged with red ferruginous, interrupted by
small black points, and separated from the fringe by a thin line of
silver white.

Female pale saffron yellow, with the base of the superiors more “

densely powdered with blackish.

Larva, which feeds on Cassia and Glycina, is green, with four
longitudinal whitish rays.

Chrysalis green.

Southern States.—Hxpands nearly two inches.
Boisp.

3. T. delia Cram. Figured in Cram. Pap. Exot. pl. 273. Herbst. pl. 17.
Boisd. et Lec. pl. 18. 7. daira Godt.

Primaries citron yellow, with a wide black border, dentated
within, ending abruptly before reaching the internal angle. Upper
edge sprinkled with blackish ; a blackish longitudinal band, rather
wide, parallel to the internal edge, bordered with marigold below,
and not extending to the internal angle.

Secondaries yellow; a black, marginal, triangular spot on the
outer angle, in a line with some small, indistinct, marginal points
or streaks of the same color, situated on’ the extremity of the
nervures.

Fringe of all the wings above rosy.

Under side of primaries yellow, with the edge and summit wine
red, and two small black discoidal points.

TERIAS. oo

Under side of secondaries wine red, two small blackish discoidal
points, and a transverse, undulate, brownish, interrupted band.

The female is destitute, or nearly so, of the black longitudinal
band, and of the marginal, marigold line. The base is sprinkled
with blackish.

Larva, which feeds on Trifolium, Cassia, and Glycine, is green,
with a longitudinal white line on each side above the feet.

Chrysalis green.

Southern States.—Expands an inch and a half.
Borsp.

4. T. jucunda Boisd. Boisd. Spec..Gén. 1, 665. Figured in Boisd. et
Lee. pl. 19:

Primaries like those of 7. delia, except that the fringe is white,
and the ground color of a less lively yellow.

Secondaries yellow saffron, with a blackish border, a little sinu-
ated within, and nearly obsolete before reaching the anal angle.

Under side of primaries yellow in the middle; other pants
whitish, sprinkled with grayish atoms.

Under side of secondaries white, finely aspersed with grayish.

Female paler; primaries densely powdered with blackish, desti-
tute of the marigold line; border of secondaries a little wider, and
sometimes interrupted by yellow streaks.

N. America.—Expands about an inch.
Boisp.

T. proterpia Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gén. 654. Figured in Lucas’ Hist.
Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 38.

Upper side orange red in the male, and russety yellow ochre in
most of the females; nervures black towards the extremity. Pri-
marves, with a black border along: the upper edge, rather wide,
continuing more or less on the outer edge. Secondartes without
a border, or with a blackish border effaced; outer edge angular
in the middle.

Under side of all the wings paler than on the upper; that of the
primaries without border or spots, that of the secondaries more or
Jess sprinkled on the disk with spots or atoms a little more obscure,.
sometimes nearly obsolete. ;

The nervures of the ground color, or only those of the primaries
blackish at the extremity. Secondaries without any border, with.
the exterior angle much more prominent and prolonged, in the
form of a, tail.

36 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of secondaries more densely sprinkled or speckled
with atoms and ferruginous spots.

Texas—Mexico.—Expands 18 to 22 French lines.
Boisp.

T. mexicana Boisd. Boisd. Spec. Gén. 679. Figured on pl. 3, C. fig.
1, of Boisd. Spec. Gén.

Wings brilliant citron yellow; primaries with a black border at
the extremity, rather wide, ending squarely at the internal angle,
showing near the middle a rather deep quadrangular sinus; the
outer edge slightly sinuate, and whitish ; secondaries, with the
middle of the exterior edge prolonged to a prominent angle, in
the form of a tail; a black border of moderate width, a little
dentated on its internal side, uot reaching the internal angle;
costal edge washed with orange yellow, mingling with the ground
color.

Under side of the primaries pale citron yellow, with a black
central point, the edge intersected with brown points; the outer
edge reddish near the fringe.

Under side of secondaries yellow, sprinkled with ferruginous
atoms, with a blackish central point; edge intersected with ferru-
ginous points, and marked near the external angle with a spot of
the same color; the posterior half having four or five other spots
of the same color, of which two or three are in a line, and tending
to form a transverse band; the middle of the outer edge more or
less washed with ferruginous,

Female differs from the male in the upper side being yellowish
white, with a wider border, the quadrangular sinus more profound;
the anterior edge of the secondaries widely orange yellow, and
below, three ferruginous posterior spots form on the secondaries a
narrow, transverse, ferruginous band.

Texas—Louisiana—Mexico.
Botsp.

Fam. Ill. DANAIDAE.

Larva smooth, cylindric, with five pairs of simple, fleshy,
flexible processes. Chrysalis rather short, cylindric, with
brilliant golden spots. Perfect insect; palpi separated; thorax
and pectus with spots. Wings wide, discoidal cellule closed.
Looks of the tarsi simple.

DANAIS. 37

DANAIS Botsp.

Head a little more narrow than the thorax; antenne rather
long, insensibly terminating in a club; palpi remote, with the last
article short, acicular, and straight; white points on the head,
prothorax, thorax, and breast. Abdomen rather thin, nearly as
long as the secondaries. Wings wide, with the outer edge some-
what sinuate. Secondaries of the males have usually, towards the
anal angle, a very black spot or tubercle, divided by a grayish
ray in relief, placed on the extremity of the nervure.

Our two species have two ranges of whitish points on the
blackish border of the wings.

1. D. berenice Cram. Figured in Cram. Pap. pl. 205. Sm. Abb. vol. I,
pl. 7. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 39. WD. erippus Godt. Fab. D. gilippus
Sm. Abb. Godt.

Wings rufous brown, often more obscure at the base, with a
black border extending from the upper edge of the primaries to
the anal angle of the secondaries.

The primaries have on both sides a number of white spots on
the upper edge and disk, forming usually two marginal ranges, of
which the outer divides the border.

The secondaries have sometimes the black border without any
points, and sometimes it is divided by one or even two ranges of
white points.

The under side of the primaries differs very little from the
- upper; but the under side of the inferiors is divided by wide
black veins, bordered with whitish. The disk has three or four
white points, situated on the edge of the discoidal cellule. The
black marginal border is divided by two rows of white points.

The nervures on the upper surface of the secondaries in the
female are finely lined with grayish white.

The larva, which feeds on Nerium, Asclepias, &c., is whitish
violet, with transverse stripes of a deeper color; a transverse band
of reddish brown, on each ring, divided in its length by a narrow
yellow band. Along the feet a longitudinal band of yellow citron.
Long, fleshy processes, of brown purple, disposed in pairs on the
second, fifth, and eleventh rings.

Chrysalis green, with golden points on the anterior side, and a

38 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

semicircle of the same color on the dorsal side, a little beyond the
middle, separated from a blue band by a row of small black dots.
Southern States.—Expands three and three quarter inches.
Borsp.

2. D. archippus Sm. Add. Figured in Sm. Abb. vol. I, pl. 6. Cram.
206. Hiibn. Exot. Samml. Say’s Amer. Ent. III, pl. 54. Boisd. et
Lec. 137, pl. 40. D. megalippe Hibh.

The four wings somewhat sinuate, fulvous above, with a rather
brilliant reflection; all the wings entirely margined with deep
black, having, in fresh specimens, a bluish reflection; nervures
same color. The summit of the primaries has three oblong,
fulvous spots, preceded by eight or ten smaller, white or yellowish
white extending to the middle of the upper edge. Two rows of
white spots on the outer borders of all the wings; occasionally the
inner row is ferruginous. ‘The fourth nervure of the secondaries
has a large black spot or tubercle.

The wnder side presents the same markings as the upper, but
the points of the posterior edge are larger and all white. ‘The
ground color of the secondaries is nankin yellow, with the nervures
slightly bordered with whitish. The emarginations of all the
wings white.

Body black, with yellowish points on the thorax and breast.

The female has wider nervures, and is destitute of the black
tuberculous spot on the secondaries.

Larva whitish, transversely fasciated with black and yellow. It
has two pairs of fleshy processes, blackish, of which the anterior
pair are situated on the second ring, which are much longer than
the other pair, situated on the eleventh ring. Feeds on Asclepias.

Chrysalis pale green, with golden points before; a semicircle
of gold behind, bordered below by a range of small black dots.

Middle and Southern States.—Expands four and a half inches.

Borsp.

Fam. IV. HELICONIDAE.

Larva cylindric, spinose the whole length. Perfect insect ;
palpi short, separate, not much elevated. Abdomen thin,
elongate. Wings oblong, narrow, elongate. Abdominal
edge of the secondaries scarcely embracing the under side of
the abdomen. Discoidal cellule closed.

_ HELICONIA. 39

HELICONIA Fas.

Palpi extending a little beyond the clypeus; second article
much longer than the first; antenne filiform, gradually enlarging
towards the extremity. Wings oblong, narrow. Abdomen elon-
gate; four walking feet in both sexes. |

1. H. charitonia Zinn. Linn. Syst. Nat. I], 757. Figured in Cram.
. pl. 191. Boisd. et Lec. 140, pl. 41. Lucas’ Hist. Nat. des Pap.
Exot. pl. 50.

Wings black, with bands of citron yellow. The primaries have .
- three, of which the two outer are transverse and oblique; the inner
one proceeds directly from the base to the middle, where it makes
an elbow to gain the posterior edge above the internal angle.

The secondaries have two transverse bands, of which the upper
is the wider, straight and continuous; the lower is curved, and
formed of spots of different sizes. The posterior edge, which is
slightly sinuate, has, towards the anal angle, a range of six or
seven small yellow points, and near the base there are one or two
points of carmine.

The under side resembles the upper, except that the yellow
bands are paler; the primaries have the upper edge reddish at the
base; the secondaries have four blood red points, disposed two by
two near the abdominal edge, and separated by the upper band;
and, finally, the marginal points of these secondaries are whitish,
and extend to the summit.

Body black, with yellow points on the head and thorax, and
lines of the same color on the sides of the breast and abdomen.

Georgia and Florida.—Expands three inches and a half.

Boisp.

2. H. diaphana Drury. (Westwood’s Ed.) Figured in Jardine’s Nat.
Libr. vol. IV, pl: 12, fig. 3. Drury, vol.- I, pl. 7.

Upper sede: antenne black and very long; thorax and abdo-
men dark brown.

Wings transparent, vitreous. Primaries with the anterior edges
bending inwards. A small narrow border of dark brown runs
entirely round the edges of these wings, and on the anterior edges
about a third from the tips, rans a dark brown streak towards the
middle of the wings, close to which is a small white spot, joining

40 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

to the anterior edge. Secondaries having also a very narrow
border, running about two-thirds round them, and stopping at the
abdominal edges. Some long yellowish hairs are placed on the
anterior edges near the body.

Under side: palpi, sides, breast, ash colored. The dark brown
borders surrounding the wings appear on this side orange brown ;
the rest as on the upper side; margins of the wings entire.

Texas.
Westwoop’s Drury.

Fam. V. NYMPHALIDAE.

Larva cylindric, spinose the whole length, or only on the
head. Chrysalis variable. Per/ect insect; palpi usually close,
elevated, very scaly; the anterior face of their first two
articles nearly as wide or wider than their sides. Abdominal
edge of the secondaries forming a deep groove to receive the.
abdomen. JDiscoidal cellule nearly always open. Hooks of
the tarsi bifid. |

ACRAULIS Boisp.

flead large, at least as wide as the thorax; antenne rather
long, terminated by a flattened club, more elongate, and less
rounded than in Argynnis; palpi ascending, a little divergent at
the summit, covered with close-set hairs; the first article very
short, obtuse. Abdomen shorter than the secondaries; discoidal
cellule of the latter always open; primaries elongate, with the
posterior edge sinuate; the secondaries denticulate.

l. A. vanillae Zinn. Linn. Syst. Nat. Il, 787. Figured in Cram. pl. 212.
Stoll. Suppl. pl. 1. Sulz. Gesch. pl. 18. Clerck, Icon. pl. 40.
Boisd. et Lec. 143, pl. 42. A. passiflorae Fab.

Male, bright fulvous; female, more dull; primaries elongate,
posterior border a little concave, divided at the summit by the
veins, and lower down by streaks, widest at the edge, black.
Disk, with some black spots, of which two or three of those
situated in the discoidal cellule are pupilled with white. In some
specimens, these pupils are obsolete.

The secondaries are bordered by a black band, crenated on the
outside, and divided by large spots of the ground color. Between
the centre and outer edge there are three or four black spots.

ARGYNNIS. Al

The under side of the primaries differs from the upper in having
the summit dull yellow (the color of dead leaves), with six or
seven silver spots, and the costal spots pupilled with silver.

The under side of the secondaries is dull yellow, with about
seventy-two very brilliant silver spots, elongate, of which the
marginal are smaller. ‘The upper edge at the base is also silvery.
Among the spots in the middle, one is strongly emarginate, or
nearly separated in two.

Body fulvous above, yellowish below, with white dots on the
head, and silvery lines on the breast.

Larva cylindric, pale, fulvous, with four blackish longitudinal
bands, of which the two dorsal are sometimes obsolete; furnished
with ranges of blackish ramose spines, of which two are placed on
the summit of the head. Head with a whitish ray on each side,
lined with black; feet black.

Chrysalis russety brown, with some paler shades. Feeds on
Passiflora.

Southern States. —Expands four inches.
Boisp.

ARGYNNIS Fas.

flead large, at least as wide as the thorax; antenne rather long,
abruptly terminated by a flattened club, grooved; palpi pilose,
somewhat remote; the first article slender, naked at its extremity,
and pointed like a needle. Abdomen shorter than the secondaries. —
Wings sinuate or denticulate.

Ground color fulvous, usually with black points, forming sinu-
ous, transverse lines, and sometimes with a blackish border, more
or less wide; the under side usually has nacred spots, or violet or
ferruginous nacred reflections.

1. A.idalia Fad. Fab. Ent. emend. III, 145. Figured in Cram. pl. 44.
Drury I, pl.13. Herbst. pl. 252. Boisd. et Lec. 147, pl. 43. Lucas’
Hist. Nat. des Pap. Exot. pl. 56.

Upper side.of primaries fulvous, with about fifteen black spots,
of which the upper are linear, situated in the discoidal cellule ;
below these they form a zigzag, transverse line; the others are
round, smaller, and disposed in a line parallel to the outer edge ;
this edge is covered by a wide black band, dentated within, and

49 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

divided, in the male, by a range of yellowish crescents; and in the
female, by a row of white spots.

The female has. also some white spots on the summit, where the
border dilates considerably. ) :

The upper side of the secondaries is steel blue, with the base
russety, traversed by two rows of large white points, of which the
outer are yellow in the male.

The under side of the primaries resembles the upper, except that
the terminal band is less deep, and the spots which divide it are
nacre.

The under side of the secondaries is dull brown (dead leaves),
with about twenty-eight nacred spots, of which the seven marginal
are crescents; those of the disk are conic, divided or bordered by
a blackline; the edge at the base nacre. Emarginations of the
wings whitish.

Body blackish, with yellow hairs on the thorax.

United States.—Expands nearly five inches.
Boisp.

2. A. diana Cram. Cram. IJ, 4. Figured in Cram. pl. 98. Herbst. pl.
253. Say’s Amer. Ent. pl. 17.

Wings slightly dentate; black brown from the base to the
middle, then fulvous to the edge. The fulvous forms a wide band,
crenate within, having on the primaries two transverse rows of
black points, and on the secondaries only one row.

The black points are obsolete on the wnder sede of the primaries ;
the dark part is marked with two nacre spots, preceded within by
three fulvous streaks, and outwardly by three small yellowish spots.

Under side of secondaries much paler than the upper, with nine
nacre spots, of which three are triangular, situated between the
base and the middle of the outer edge; the seven others are cres-’
cent, on a line with the posterior edge.

Southern States.
Say.

3. A.cybele Godt. Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 263. Figured in Cram.
pl. 57. Herbst. pl. 255. Boisd. et Lec. 151, pl. 45. A. daphnis
Cram. A. aphrodite Fab.

Upper side obscure from the base to the middle; deeper in the
female; then fulvous, with three transverse rows of black spots, of
which the interior are in a zigzag line. Those intermediary are

ARGYNNIS. 43

round; the exterior crescent. In the discoidal cellule there are
some marks as in the analogous species. The outer edge is pre-
ceded by a black line crossed by nervures of the same color.

Under side of the primaries like the upper, except that the base
is fulvous; and opposite the summit there are some silvery spots,
of which four or five rest on the black crescents.

Under side of the secondaries brown ferraginous, with the base
and about twenty-four spots, nacre; the spots at the base are
small; those of the middle larger; those of the edge triangular,
and separated from the preceding by a yellowish band, losing itself
in the ferruginous.

Body brownish; antenne blackish; club black, tipped with
fulvous.

This species is usually confounded with A. aphrodite, but is
different, as will be seen from the description.

United States.—Expands nearly three inches.

Boisp.

4. A. aphrodite Fab. Fab. Syst. Ent. III,1,144. Similar to A. cybele,
for which it is usually taken.

Primaries tawny orange brown at base, spotted, inscribed and
reticulated with black; at the posterior margin, a deep orange
band, edged with black; above this, a series of black crescents,
succeeded by one of round spots; the costal margin is barred with
black, the three anterior bars being angular, and the fourth shaped
like the letter P; this is followed by three others less distinct ;
the reticulations of the disk terminate posteriorly in a zigzag black
band; underneath, at the external angle, are five silver marginal
series of crescents, above which the wing is spotted with black,
with a few paler spots surmounted by a black crescent; underneath
they are reddish brown, with a pale, tawny, marginal band. <A
marginal series, consisting of seven silver triangular spots, edged
with black, next follows; and a second series, consisting of the
same number, differing in shape, edged also with black, the inter-
mediate one being the smallest; a third series of four spots suc-
ceeds, that next the costal margin is crescent-shaped; the second
is subtriangular, divided by a black line; the third is oblong; the
fourth minute. At the base are five spots, varying in form; on
the shoulders is also a silver spot, and the inner margin is silvered,
but less conspiculously. Fringe pale, barred with black.

Fabricius does not mention the two costal silver spots of the

44 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

prone surface of the primaries. In some specimens these appear

not silvered.
United States—Canada.—Expands 24 to 24 inches.
KIRBY.

Doubleday, in t., says: “A. aphrodite is smaller and rather
brighter than A. cybele. It has the outer margin of the primaries
quite black, instead of the fulvous markings of A. cybele. The
margins of the secondaries have an additional black line; flight also
different.”

5. A. columbina Godt. Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX. Figured in Cram.
pl. 209 et 69. Boisd. et Lec. 153, pl. 44. A. hegestaCram. A. claudia
Cram.

Wings bright fulvous above, paler in the female, with a trans-
verse, posterior row of black points; outer edge black, divided by
a range of fulvous crescents; the four wings are traversed by two
black zigzag lines.

The primaries have, besides, two annular black spots on the
discoidal cellule.

The under side of the primaries has the upper edge fulvous; the
second zigzag line is obsolete, and at the summit there is a grayish
triangular space more or less distinct.

Under side of secondaries yellow russety, tainted with brownish ;
two whitish transverse bands, of which the anterior is discoidal,
extending somewhat on the nerves; the second is marginal, narrow,
dentated within, separated from the first by a row of black spots
pupililed with grayish.

Body of same color as the wings.

This species varies much according to localities. There are
some on which the second zigzag ray is obsolete; others, on which ©
the first is apparent only in the primaries; others again, which
show scarcely any trace of the whitish transverse on the under side
of the secondaries.

Larva spiny, reddish yellow, with two lateral bands, and a series
of dorsal spots, white; abdomen whitish, with the head and feet
black; spines blackish, and the two on the first ring are much
larger, and directed towards the front like antenne.

Chrysalis white, moderately angular, scattered with black dots
and streaks; dorsal points yellow.

Southern States.—Expands three inches.
Boisp.

ARGYNNIS. A5

6. A. myrina Cram. Cram. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 268. Figured in Cram.
pl. 189. Herbst. pl. 255. Boisd. et Lec. 155, pl. 45. Say’s Amer.
Ent. pl. 46. <A. myrissa Godt.

Upper side fulvous with black spots, some irregular, disposed
confusedly towards the base; the others are in the form of points
or dots, in a line parallel with the outer edge, which has a black
band, divided by a series of fulvous crescents.

Under side of primaries paler, except at the summit, where it is
a little ferruginous, and marked with two or three nacre spots.
The outer edge also has a range of triangular silver lunules.

The under side of the secondaries is red ferruginous, with two
or three yellow spaces, and about twenty-four silver spots, some
irregular and unequal towards the base, the others disposed in two
transverse series, of which the one forms marginal crescents; these
two rows are separated by a series of brownish black points.
Towards the base of the wings there is a black silvery circle.

Body blackish above, grayish yellow below; antenne black, and
annulated with white, and the extremity of the club yellow.

Female with a taint a little less vivid than the male.

United States.—Hxpands one and three quarter inches.

Boisp.

7. A. bellona Godt. Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 271. Boisd. et Lec. 164,
pl. 45.

Size and form of A. myrina, but the primaries are a little more
sinuous.

Wings falvous, with a large number of black spots, some placed
confusedly towards the base, where the ground color is more
obscure, the others forming two parallel rows on the outer edge,
which is sometimes a little intersected with black.

Under side of primaries fulvous and spotted, as above, with the
summit washed with brown and pale yellow, and marked with a
small transverse line of whitish violet.

The anterior half of the wader side of the secondaries is yellow
russety, with ferruginous undulations and atoms, a bifid spot of
whitish violet towards the base, inclosing in its angle an orbicular
spot of reddish yellow. The other half is violet or coppery purple,
with a transverse row of six or seven brown points pupilled with
whitish, followed on the terminal edge with obscure lunules, more
or less distinct, and forming nearly a continuous marginal ray.

46 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Body and antenne as in the analogous species.

Southern States.—Hxpands an inch and a half.

Boisp.
8. A. freya Godt. Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 273. Figured in Herbst.
pl. 272.

Stalk of the antenne yellow, with a large compressed brown
knob, red underneath, at the base and tip.

Wings tawny, dark brown at the base, with a narrow black band
occupying the posterior margin, followed by a series of black
arrow-headed spots, next to which in the primaries is a zigzag,
angular, discoidal, black band, and at the anterior margin, five
transverse spots of the same color.

The under side of the primaries is tawny, variegated with black
and white spots and lines.

Under side of the secondaries is reddish, variegated with white
and yellow spots and band, with a discoidal, arrow-headed, white
spot in the centre. Fringe of the wings alternately white and
yellow.

Canada.

Kirsy, Faun. Bor. 391.

9. A. aglaia Linn. Syst. Nat. Il. Figured by many Huropean authors.

Reddish yellow with black marks.

Under side of the secondaries greenish, yellow near the seam ;
no reddish spots with silver pupils; the nacred spots usually small
and round, in number about twenty-one, not including those at
the origin of the upper edge and internal edge, which are also
silvery.

In the females, the marginal lunules of the upper side of the
primaries are yellow, not fulvous.

California and Europe.

GoDART.
10. A. calippe Boisd. Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 302.

Upper side fulvous, traversed by a black zigzag ray, preceded
from the side of the base by black sinnous streaks, and followed
by a row of black points; all the exterior contour blackish,
divided by a line of lunules more pale than the ground color.

Under side of primaries reddish fulvous, paler at the extremity,
with the same markings as above, and a series of silvery marginal
lunules, preceded by two or three apical spots of the same color.

ARGYNNIS. 47

Under side of secondaries brownish, with about twenty silver
spots, the edge of the wings towards the abdomen silvery.

In the female the ground color is paler, with the other markings
blacker ; on the under side the general tint is paler, and nearly
yellowish.

California—rare.

: Botsp.

li. A. ashtaroth Fisher. Figured in Proceed. A. N. §., Phila., 1858,
p- 180, pl. 8. In the place cited, this species is named astarte, but
was afterwards changed to ashtaroth by Dr. Fisher.

Upper wings with both surfaces fulvous; above with a broad,
black exterior margin, containing a range of seven small whitish
spots, parallel with the margin; four large oblong spots of black
proceeding from the exterior margin, the two intermediate ones
reaching beyond the middle of the wing, the others shorter, with
each a small fulvous spot near the tip; and four spots of black
descending from the subcostal nervure, of which the one nearest
the body is linear, the next square, the third roundish, with a
fulvous spot in the centre, and the fourth connate with the fourth
of the before-mentioned spots proceeding from the exterior margin.

The lower wings are above bluish black, changing to brownish
fulvous near the base, with an indistinct whitish spot below the
centre.

The under side of the upper wings has seven spots of pearly
white parallel with the outer margin, of which the five exterior
ones are linear, and the two others round; from these two round
spots proceed two oblong black spots to the middle of the wing,
and the two next have each a round black spot above them. From
the subcostal nervure proceed four black spots, of which the two
nearest the body are linear, the next triangular, inclosing a fulvous
spot, and the fourth is almost confounded with the black upper
margin.

The under side of the lower wings is brown, with four white
sublunate spots, bounded above and below by black, and parallel
with the lower margin. There are, likewise, two long black spots
outside of the outer one of these spots; the whole base of the wing
is occupied by six large pearly spots, radiating from the axilla,
one of which occupies the precostal portion; between the second
and third (which are very wide) is a smaller spot, and the third is

48 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

crossed near its base by a short black bar. The emarginations of
the wings are margined with white.

Body black; thorax thickly covered with brownish fulvous hairs.

The above described butterfly so nearly resembles the Argynnis
idalia, that at first sight it may easily be taken for a mere
variety. The want of a double row of white spots on the upper
surface of the lower wings, although a remarkable difference, would
not perhaps constitute a specific mark; yet, when we come to
examine the under surface, instead of the twenty-four or twenty-
five spots of white, which are observed over its whole surface, we —
find but two near the margin, and six large ones occupying nearly
the whole of the base, and radiating from the axilla, we cannot
hesitate to pronounce it distinct and certainly new. :

The Jarva is unknown. The interesting fact of so large a species
of butterfly being found at this time in New Jersey, and having
heretofore escaped the researches of all entomologists, has led me
to offer this short communication for publication in the Proceed-
ings. It was found by me in July of this summer, on Succasunna

Plains, near Schooley’s Mountain, in Morris County.
; FIsHER.

Most probably a variety of A. idalia. (Morris.)

12. A. ossianus fZerbst. Boisd. et Lec. p.157. Figured in Boisd. Icon.
Hist. pl. 19. Herbst. pl. 270. A. trichlaris Hiibn.

Small; wpper sede fulvous, inclining to yellowish.

Under side of the primaries deeper fulvous; summit washed with
ferruginous; the lunules of the extremity are scarcely indicated.

Under side of secondaries reddish; all the spots are nacred,
except the transverse ray, which precedes the ocellated ones; mar-
ginal lunules small, not very triangular, bordered by a brown arc.

The nacred spots of the under side of the female are more du!
and smaller than in the male, and the transverse black points of
the primaries are nearly all pupilled.

Labrador.

13. A. polaris Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. p. 159. Figured in Boisd. Icon. Hist.
pl. 20.

Size of A. myrina. Primaries have nearly the same design as
A, frigga, of Kurope. ‘The base is less obscure, and the points
which precede the terminal edge are smaller.

Under side of secondaries ferruginous brown. The base is

ARGYNNIS. 49

_ marked with four small white spots. Towards the middle, there is
a transverse, irregular white band, slightly powdered with brown,
and divided by the nervures, which are russety. Beyond this band,
there is another white band nearly macular, of which each spot
is bordered by a clear yellowish space, and is marked by a black-
brown point, corresponding to those of the opposite surface ; the
terminal edge is divided by small white lines or streaks, inflated
at their anterior extremity. These wings are bordered with white.
Fringe alternately white and black, and the white part forms below
with the small white marginal lines, a kind of T.

The female differs from the male only in having the spots and
white bands of the secondaries a little clearer.

Labrador.

Boisp.

14, A. chariclea Godé. Encyc. Méth. IX, 273. Figured in Herbst, pl.
272.

Nearly the size of A. myrina.

Upper side fulvous, traversed by black zigzag lines and by a row
of black points, situated before the marginal lunules.

Under side of primaries fulvous, with the apical extremity yel-
lowish, and a terminal row of small streaks of yellowish-white,
which intersect the fringe and terminate in a small blackish arrow-
shaped spot. :

Under side of the secondaries purple-brown, deeper towards
the base, which is marked with three small nacred spots; a little
before the middle is another nacred band, sinuous, bordered with
black-brown, and often powdered with ferruginous, especially in
the males; between the spots of the base and this band, there is
an isolated silver point, usually pupilled with brown. ‘The poste-
rior half of these wings is of a clearer tint, with some whitish
reflections, especially near the transverse band—a row of purple-
brown points, corresponding to the black points of the upper side,
and at the extremity a terminal series of nacred triangular lunules,
pointed with brown. Often in the males, all these lunules are
strongly powdered with brown, and then are only indicated by a
small white line, similar to those of the primaries.

Female a little larger than the male, sometimes a little more
sombre above. On the under side, the nacred spots forming the

50 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

transverse band and the marginal lunules are more brilliant and
more rarely powdered with ferruginous brown.
Labrador.

Boisp.

MELITAEBA Fas.

In generic characters nearly similar to Argynnis. Wings
usually blackish and fulvous, subdenticulate, spotted like a chess-
board. The nacre on the under side of the secondaries of Argynnis
is here replaced by yellow or violet pearly reflections. Discoidal
cellule of the secondaries always open.

1. M. phaeton fab. Syst. Ent. 481. Figured in Cram. pl. 193. Drury
I, pl. 21. Herbst, pl. 3. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 47, p. 167.

Wings obscure black, with a marginal series of fulvous spots,
more or less triangular, preceded by two transverse rows of yellow
points. The primaries have, besides, two fulvous spots in the dis-
coidal cellule, followed outwardly by some yellow dots.

On the under side, the base of each wing is marked with fulvous:

spots intermingled with yellow dots.

Body black; palpi and feet fulvous; abdomen spotted with yel-
low below, and pointed with yellow on the sides; antenne blackish;
club a little ferruginous.

United States.—Expands two and three-eighths inches.

Boisp.

2. M. ismeria Boisd. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 46, p. 168.

Upper side yellowish fulvous, with a large number of black spots;
some placed confusedly towards the base, forming zigzag rays;
others forming two transverse sinuous rays on the primaries and a
single one on the secondaries, where it is followed by a row of
points of the same color.

The outer edge of the four wings is black, divided on the
primaries by fulvous spots and on the secondaries by a line of
crescents, which are yellowish-white.’ Besides these, the summit
of the primaries is marked by four or five white dots.

The under side of the primaries has a whitish macular band
before the outer edge, preceded by three or four spots of the same
color.

MELITAEA. 51

Under side of the secondaries fulvous, with white spots towards
the base; then a median, transverse, irregular band, and finally
marginal lunules of the same color. These last are separated from
the transverse band by a series of blackish points corresponding
to those of the upper side.

Fringe of all the wings blackish, intersected by white.

‘Body and antenne as in the analogous species.

Larva yellow, with spines and three longitudinal rays, blackish.

Head black, as well as the scaly feet and abdomen on under side;
other feet yellow.

Chrysalis ash-gray, with some clearer spaces; the small dorsal
tubercles nearly white.

Southern States.—Expands one and three-eighths inch.
Boisp.

3. M. tharos Cram. M. tharossa Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 289. Figured
in Cram. pl. 169. Drury, I, pl. 21. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 47, p. 170.

Wings fulvous, with black wavy lines, more or less wide, often
confluent or interlaced. A wide black border on the outer edge,
a little sinuous within, marked on the primaries with a fulvous
yellow spot, and divided on the secondaries by a regular sinuous
line of grayish, preceded by a row of black ocular dots.

The upper edge of primaries black; from which, at the end of
the discoidal cellule, there proceeds a black streak, which loses
itself in the sinuous lines.

Under side of the primaries fulvous, with ferruginous wavy lines,
very fine and indistinct. The border is more brown, mingled with
the fulvous and marked with a yellow spot larger than that on the
upper side.

The under side of the secondaries is ochre yellow, with a large
number of wavy, brown ferruginous lines; a brown border, touch-
ing neither the anal nor external angle, marked by a yellow crescent.
This border is preceded by a row of small brown dots, correspond-
ing to those on the upper side.

Body black above, yellowish below.

United States. —Expands an inch and an eighth.

Boisp.
4. M. editha Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 305.

Boisduval says, it is possible that this species is the same which
Doubleday and Hewitson have figured in pl. 23 of their work as

52 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

M. anicia, but unfortunately they have not represented the under
side, which in many species it is important to know. The upper
side of the secondaries of their JZ, anicia has a marginal series of
three fulvous bands, whilst in this species the intermediary range
is pale yellow.

Upper side blackish-brown, with the fringe whitish, some spots
of bright fulvous and some yellow spots disposed in transverse
bands; the four bands of the secondaries alternately yellow and
fulvous, interrupted ; the one before the last yellow and that which -
precedes it fulvous, the spots slightly pupilled with yellow; the
upper edge of the primaries reddish.

* Under side fulvous, with bands ochry yellow, more or less edged
with brown; that of the secondaries, with each spot of the ante-
penultimate band, pupilled with ochry yellow.

The female is nearly similar to the male, with the primaries a
little more rounded at the summit.

California.
Borsp.

5. M. palla Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 305. M. nycteis Double-
day.

Upper side bright fulvous.

Under side of primaries fulvous, with a terminal band of ochry
yellow.

Under side of secondaries fulvous, with two bands of.ochry yel-
low, edged with brown, and some basal spots of the same color,
forming an irregular band ; posterior band nearly terminal, formed
_ by crescents more or less large; that which precedes it is cut
longitudinally by two irregular blackish lines.

The female ig very different from the male; the spots of the
under side are usually of a pale ochry yellow, except the small
marginal crescents and the antepenultimate band of the seconda-
ries, which are fulvous. On the under side the ochry yellow bands
cover nearly the whole surface, and the fulvous is reduced on the
secondaries to marginal crescents, a row of five or six large points,
and some basal spots.

California.

Boisp.

GRAPTA. 53

6. M. zerene Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X.

Upper side bright fulvous, as in MZ. cybele, with the black mark-
ings as in the species of the same group.

Under side of primaries fulvous, with the markings of the upper.
The summit has spots of a yellowish-white, and the edge is divided
by small crescents of the same color.

Under side of secondaries ferruginous gray, with spots of yel-
lowish-white, as in the neighboring species, but not silvery; the
spots of the middle and the marginal crescents are environed and
surmounted with ferruginous, more obscure than the general tint.

Female a little larger than the male, with the under side ferru-
ginous gray, paler, and sometimes the marginal crescents a little
silvery. .

California.
Boisp.

GRAPTA Kirsy.

Nearly allied to Vanessa, from which it may be distinguished by
its more excised and angular wings, and its less hairy palpi. All
the known species have the upper surface more or less brightly
fulvous, spotted with black; lower surface crowded and veined
with different shades of brown; the secondaries have a more or
less angular silvery or pale golden mark, resembling sometimes
the letter L or C, whence the name C-album, &c. &e.

The /arve, like those of the neighboring genera, have the second
and third thoracic and also the abdominal segments armed with
spines, which are set round with whorls of delicate bristles.

Pupa angular and tuberculated; head rather deeply notched,
generally brown or grayish-brown, with silvery or golden blotches.

1. G. interrogationis F. E.S. IlI,1, 78. G. aureum Cram. Figured
in Cram. pl. 19. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 2. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 51, p. 192.

Upper side of all the wings fulvous or ferruginous fulvous, with
seven or eight unequal black spots, and the outer edge sometimes
brown, obscure, and sometimes of a ferruginous tint, mingling in-
sensibly with the ground color.

a, LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Upper side of secondaries deep brown, with a greenish blue
reflection and the base red ferruginous. |

Under side of all the wings grayish, marbled with brown; some-
times ferruginous or brownish, with the extremity a little more
clear; often brown, slightly glossed with greenish white, especially
on the secondaries. _ On the disk, a silvery spot, sometimes in the
form of a C, sometimes in the form of an interrupted C or mark
of interrogation. In most of the varieties, there is a row of black
points on the terminal edge of each wing. The secondaries are
furnished with prominent tails.

Larva deep brown, with the body pointed and striated with
yellowish and whitish. Head and feet reddish, spines blackish.
Along the feet a ray of citron yellow, and above the stigmata
another ray of the same color, marked with a row of red spots.

Chrysalis angular, obscure, with golden spots. Feeds on Ulmus
and Tilia.

United States. Expands two and three-quarter inches.

Boisp.

2. G. comma Harris. Ins. Mass. 221 (1842).

Upper side tawny orange; fore wings bordered behind and
spotted with black; hind wings shaded behind with dark brown,

with two black spots on the middle and three more in a transverse’

line from the front edge, and a row of bright orange-colored spots
before the hind margin; hind edges of the wings powdered with
reddish-white.

Under side marbled with light and dark brown, the hinder
wings with a silvery comma in the middle.

The: caterpillar has a general resemblance to that of G. nter-
rogationis. .

Chrysalis brownish gray, or white variegated with pale brown
and ornamented with golden spots; there are two conical ear-like
projections on the top of the head, and the prominence on the
thorax is shorter and.thicker than that of G. interrogationis, and
more like a parrot’s beak in shape.

Expands from two and a half to two and three-eighths inches.—
HHarris, Insects of Mass., p. 221.

Harris thinks that his G. comma is different from the European
G. O-album, which Boisd. et Lec., p. 190, describe as occurring

‘VANESSA. 55

here, and for the purpose of aesneran their description is
inserted :—

3. G. C-album Linn.

Nearly the size of G. progne.

Upper side fulvous or ferruginous, with scattered black spots ;
outer edge more or less obscure.

Under side sometimes brownish-black, sometimes brownish-
yellow, with green atoms on the outer half, which, with the excep-
tion of the costal margin, is always lighter.

Under side of secondaries has a G or C of pure white on the

disk.

Body blackish, with greenish hairs on the thorax.

Antenne black above, brown below, with white rings ; extremity
of the club reddish. :

Environs of Philadelphia only.

Bors. Et Lec.

VANESSA Fas.

Clothed with long hairs, eyes densely hairy; labial palpi porrect,
projecting beyond the forehead, scaly and densely hairy all round;
first joint much curved, second swollen beyond the middle, third
nearly acicular. Antenne about three-fourths the length of the
body, with two distinct grooves below; club rather short, last
joint minute, pointed. Thorax clothed with long hairs. Prima-
ries subtriangular, apex truncate. Anterior margin but little
curved, sometimes deeply emarginate; inner margin nearly straight,
costal nervure rather stout, extending about to the middle of the
anterior margin. Secondaries somewhat obovate. Inner margin
the longest; outer margin more or less sinuate, dentate, prolonged
into a tooth or short tail at the termination of the third median
nervule. Abdomen about two-thirds the length of the inner mar-
gin of the posterior wing. Larva cylindric, head and first thoracic
segment unarmed, the rest armed with long spines, set with sete
in whorls. Pupa very angular and tuberculate ; head deeply bifid,
often adorned with golden spots.

Vanessa differs from Grapta in the palpi, which are much 1a,

56 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hairy, and in the wings in not having the inner margin of the
primaries emarginate. The larva of Vanessa differs in wanting

the spines on the head.

1. V. J-album Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 50, p. 185.

Upper side dull yellow or fulvous, with the base of the prima-
ries and a part of the secondaries more obscure. A little before
the outer edge, there is a brown ferruginous or blackish ray, which
on the primaries of the male often blends with the terminal edge,
which is nearly always powdered with blackish. The primaries
have four or five unequal spots on the middle and on the upper
edge, three short transverse bands of the same color, of which that
on the summit is separated by a white spot. The secondaries have
the upper edge black, divided by a white spot.

Under side of the wings brown, from the base to the middle,
with waves more pale and others more obscure; then, grayish-
white reticulated and a marginal interrupted ray of ashy blue. On
the middle of the inferiors, there is a small grayish mark in the
form of a J.

North and West.—Expands three inches.

Boisp.

2. V. milberti Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 307. V. furcillata Say.
Boisd. et Lec. pl. 50, p. 187. Say, Amer. Ent. II, pl. 27.

Upper side brownish-black, traversed between the middle and
the extremity by a wide fulvous band, a little sinuous within, where
it has a paler tint, followed on the secondaries by a marginal row
of violet-blue crescents.

The primaries have two fulvous spots in the discoidal cellule, a
black spot in the band on the costal edge, and a white spot besides.

Under side blackish, with waves more obscure, and a band of
paler tint corresponding to that of the upper side.

Body blackish-brown.

Northern States. Expands an inch and a half.
Borsp.

3. V. progne Cram. Figured inCram. pl. 85. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 50, p. 188.

Upper side bright fulvous, a little paler at the extremity of the
primaries. These have five black spots, of which two are in the
discoidal cellule and three below the median nervure; two short

VANESSA. 5T

brown bands along the upper edge, one at the end of the discoidal
cellule and the other near the summit, from which it is separated
by three or four crescents paler than the ground color. Towards
the internal angle, there is a brown spot slightly united to the
border, which is deep brown.

The secondaries have the extremities blackish, insensibly mingling
with the fulvous, which is marked with two small black spots. A
little before the outer edge, there is a row of fulvous spots, some-
times indistinct. The angulated tails of the secondaries are tinted
with grayish-violet, and the emarginations of all the wings are
bordered with yellowish-gray.

Under side brown, striated with blackish, with a paler band
towards the outer edge, angulated on the primaries ; a white mark
on the disk of the secondaries, which has a faint resemblance to the
letter L.

Some female specimens have along the marginal edge on the
under side some shining greenish crescents, more or less distinct,
and nearly united in a continuous line. These have the uppér side
of a less brilliant fulvous.

United States. —Expands two inches.
Boisp.

4. V.antiopa Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 776. Figured in most of the Euro-
pean works.

Upper side velvety black chestnut, with a yellowish terminal
band, the internal side of which is a little sinuous, preceded by a
line of seven or eight dots of violet-blue.

The primaries have the upper edge finely interrupted with yel-
lowish- white, and marked between the middle and the bluish points
with two transverse and parallel spots of the same color as the
border.

Under side obscure black, with wavy lines of deeper color, and
a small central grayish point.’

Body and antenne black ; club ferruginous.

United States and Europe.—Expands three inches.
Bois.

5. V. lintneri Fitch. Third Report to N. Y. State Agr. Soc., p. 485 of
Trans.

Wings of the same form and color of V. anttopa, but their
pale border is twice as broad, occupying a third of the length of

58 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

the wings, and is wholly destitute of the row of blue spots which
occur in V. antiopa forward of the border. Ground color deep
rusty brown, much more tinged with liver reddish than in V. an-
tiopa. The fore margin of the anterior wings is black, freckled
with small transverse white streaks and lines, but is destitute of
the two white spots of the other species. The broad outer band
is of a tarnished pale ochre yellow hue, speckled with black, and
becomes quite narrow at the inner angle of the hind pair. Wings
beneath similar to those of V. anttopa, but are darker and without
any sprinkling of ash-gray scales or any whitish crescent in the
middle of the hind pair, and the border is speckled with gray and
whitish in wavy transverse streaks, without forming the distinct

band which is seen in V. antvopa.
Fitcu.

[Probably a variety of V. antiopa.—J. G. M.]

6G. V. californica Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 306.

Upper side bright fulvous; primaries with three black bands on
the upper edge, as in the allied species, and only three large points
on the disk; a white ante-apical streak ; the edge of all the wings
blackish, but destitute of blue crescents. |

Under side paler, with the transverse band very angular.

California.
Boisp.

PYRAMEIS Dovstep. & Hewrrs.

Differs from Vanessa in having the wings less angular, palpi less
hairy, and in somewhat different form ; the club of the antennee is
rather more pointed; larve have all the segments except the head
and prothorax armed with long spines, set round with whorls of
stiff bristles. They differ also in habits; those of Pyrameds are
always solitary, drawing together the sides of a leaf with silken
threads, and thus forming a cylindric dwelling; the pupz are
similar in shape and markings.

1. P. atalanta Linn. Syst. Nat. Il, 779. Figured in most European
works on Lepidoptera.

Upper side black, with a red band. The band of the seconda-
ries is marginal, with four black dots on it, terminated at the anal

PYRAMEIS. 59

angle by a double bluish spot. The band of the primaries is
arcuate, slightly interrupted in the middle. Summit slightly
bluish, with six white spots, of which the interior, in the form of a
transverse band, rests on the costal edge.

Under side of the primaries nearly similar to the upper, but the
summit is brown mixed with gray. The red band is paler at each
extremity, and separated from the white spots by a bluish ring.
At the base there are several streaks of the same color.

Under side of secondaries brown, slightly marbled with gray;
a yellowish spot on the middle of the costal edge, and some bluish
atoms on the lower edge, which is more or less grayish. Emar-
ginations white.

Body of same color as the wings. Antenne annulated with
white and black; club yellowish.

Larva differs in its tints—sometimes of a yellowish-green, some-
times violet powdered with gray; spines moderate, and a sinuous,
lateral band of citron yellow. Feeds on Urtica, and is almost
constantly enveloped between several leaves, drawn together by
silk threads.

Chrysalis blackish, moderately angular, covered with a grayish
_ efflorescence, and ornamented with golden spots.

United States and Europe.—Expands two inches and a half.
Boisp.

2. P. cardui Linn. Syst. Nat. II, 776. Figured in most European works.

Upper side of primaries at the base and internal edge russety
brown; the middle fulvous, nearly cherry-red; border black,
transverse and angulate. Summit widely black, with five white
spots, of which the interior is largest, and rests transversely on the
edge; the four others are in the form of unequal dots, and ranged
inanarc. Posterior edge entirely black, with white emarginations.

Upper side of secondaries fulvous, more or less reddish, with
the base, the internal edge and disk russety brown, and three pos-
terior and parallel rows of black points, of which the intermediary
are oblong and smallest; the exterior are marginal, the interior
only four in number, and sometimes slightly ocellate.

The under side of the primaries has the same markings as the
upper, but the fulvous of the middle still more approaches red.
The black band which divides it is marked with white near the
costal edge, and the summit is greenish-brown.

60 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side of secondaries marked with brown, white and yel-
lowish, with a row of four ocular spots, separated from the edge
by a grayish line, along which there is a series of small bluish
crescents formed by atoms.

Body russety brown above, whitish below, with black rings on
the abdomen.

Larva spinous, brownish or gray, with lateral and interrupted
yellow lines. Feeds on various species of Carduus, Serratula, and
Cirsium. |

Chrysalis grayish, moderately angular, scattered with golden
spots, which sometimes cover nearly the whole surface.

Inhabits the four quarters of the globe.—EHxpands two and a
half inches.

3. P. huntera Sm. Abb. P. virginiensis Drury. P. iole Cram. Figured
in Sm. Abb. pl. 9. Cram. 12. Drury I, pl. 5. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 48,
p. 180.

Size of P. cardui, and in many respects similar, but the outer
edge of the primaries is usually more emarginate; the summit has
a slight blue reflection, and it is browner on the under side. The
interior white spot is more narrow and bent outwards. There is_
a white point between the extremity of this band and the internal
angle.

Upper side of secondaries also very similar to P. cardut.

The under side is brown, slightly obscure, with nervures of a
yellowish-white, crossed near the base by two lines of this color.
In the middle, there is a transverse band of white, a little grayish,
or of a rosy white, followed exteriorly by two ocellated spots. Near
the posterior edge, there isa marginal band of-nearly the same
tint, divided in its length by a violet undulated line.

In the females, the tint of the upper side is sometimes carmine
or brick color.

Larva blackish-gray striated with yellow, with the segments
more clear, and the first rings more obscure. Along the feet, and
below the stigmata, a yellow lateral ray, and above these another
yellow ray, marked with a small orange spot above each stigma.
The spines are yellow. Feeds on Gnaphalium obtusifolium.

Ohrysalis yellowish, of the same form as that of P. carduz, scat-
tered with a large number of golden spots.

United States.
Borsp.

JUNONIA. 61

- JUNONIA Dovstep. & Hew.

This may be distinguished from the allied genera by the naked
eyes and less hairy anterior legs. In the other genera, these legs
are densely clothed with long hairs, and this is also the case with
the females of Vanessa and Pyrameis, but in Junonia, though the
legs of the males are thickly set with fine hairs, they are short, and
do not so entirely cover the legs as to make it difficult to detect
their form and even their articulations. The cells of both pairs
of wings are always open, except in a few aberrant species.
Larve, with the head and all the segments armed with spines,
which make them resemble the larve of Argynnts rather than
those of Vanessa. Pupa tuberculated, scarcely angular,

1. J. coenia Hiibn. J. orythia Sm. Ab. J. larinia, var. Godt. J. junonia
Hiibn. Figured in Hibn. Exot. Samml. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 8. Boisd.
et Lec. pl. 49, p. 182.

Upper side obscure brown, with two black ocellated spots; iris
_grayish-yellow ; pupil blue—the lower one much the larger. They
are preceded by a fulvous ray, followed by a double grayish mar-
ginal ray, almost obsolete in the primaries. ‘These have towards
the base two fulvons streaks bordered with black, and between the
two ocellate spots a white band or yellowish-white, going from
the summit to the terminal edge. ‘There is also a small white spot
above the upper ocellus.

' The two ocelli of the secondaries are also of unequal size. The
upper one is in part encircled by fulvous, in part by black. It is
nearly covered with violet-blue atoms. The inferior one is similar,
but much smaller.

The under side of the primaries is fulvous towards the base,
with some grayish lines bordered with black; paler towards the
end, with the two ocelli and the separating band as on the upper
side, and ordinarily a second small eye above that of the summit.

The under side of the secondaries is ferruginous gray, with more
obscure wavy lines and a transverse ferruginous brown band,
marked with two or three small eyes and two blackish points.

Body of same color as the wings. Antenne whitish, with the
club blackish. Expands two inches and a half.

62 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Larva blackish, pointed with white; lower side of abdomen
and feet fulvous. It has two lateral white lines, of which the
upper is marked with a row of fulvous spots. Spines blackish.

Ohrysalis like those of P. cardui and P. huntera, but blackish,
varied with whitish, without any metallic spots.

Southern United States.
Boisp.

ANARTIA Dovstepay.

Head rather small, scaly ; eyes round, a little prominent; pro-
boscis twice the length of the body; labial palpi scaly; antenne
nearly as long as the body; club short, compressed, pointed ;
thorax oval, rather robust; primaries subtriangular, rounded at
the summit ; external edge a little emarginated towards the mid-
dle; internal edge slightly emarginate, external edge of seconda-
ries sinuous, dentate, and forming a tooth at the end of the third
median nervure; internal edge emarginate before the anal angle;
feet of the first pair of the male scaly, femurs scarcely more robust
than the tibix; tarsi subcylindrical, thin; those of the female
scaly, more robust, femurs nearly cylindrical ; tarsi of five joints
nearly as long as»the tibiz; feet of the second and third pairs
rather elongate ; abdomen thin, rather short.

1. A. jatrophae Zinn. Syst. Nat. II, 779. Figured in Cram. pap. pl.
202. Herbst, tab. 172.

Upper side with a more or less livid tint, with brownish, trans-
verse, undulated lines, and three black, ocellate spots, of which
one is on the primaries towards the internal angle, and the other
two on the secondaries. Some specimens have the extremity of
the wings russety, and the line which divides it forms parallel to
the edge, a double row of lunules of this color.

Under side paler, and the ocellate spots have a small whitish
pupil. Antenne black, with the club ferruginous. ody dark
above, whitish below.

Texas—Brazil.
Gopt.

LIBYTHEA. 63

Fam. VI. LIBYTHEIDAE.

Larva without spines, slightly pubescent, finely shagreened.
Chrysalis short, a little angular. Perfect isect ; palpi very
long, contiguous, in the form of a beak, parallel to the axis
of the body. Wings angular, rather robust; discoidal cellule
of the secondaries open.

LIBYTHEA Fab.

Inferior palpi in the form of a rostrum or beak. Primaries
angular. Antenne short, stiff, fusiform.

1. L. motya Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 64.

Wings brown; middle of primaries fulvous, beginning at the
base; towards the upper angle three white spots, one near the
costal edge, oval, the other two smaller and square.

Secondaries with a large pale yellow space in the centre, com-
mencing at the base, and a whitish one on the side.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper, excepting that the
fulvous part and the spots are intersected by the nerves, black.

Under side cinereous, with a darker band extending over half
the wing, and a crescent streak near the outer edge.

United States. Expands nearly two inches.
Botsp.

2. L. bachmani Kirtland. Var? of ZL. motya. Figured in Silliman’s
Journ., XIII, New Series, 356.

Body, dark brown; upper surface of primaries brownish, with
three white spots placed in a triangle near the tip, the superior
and interior spots oblong and irregular, the exterior smallest and
oval, the inferior quadrangular. An ochry yellow band is situated
on the humerus, and a second on the posterior margin, but does
not reach the tip of the wing. A similar band extends across the
lower half of the secondaries.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper; that of the secon-
daries reticulated with brown.

Expands one and five-eighths of an inch, while L. motya expands
more than two inches.

64 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The form and size of the white spots in the primaries differ ;
the absence of a large white quadrangular spot and a different
arrangement of the yellow bars mark this as a new species.

Ohio.

KIRTLAND.

NYMPHALIS Lartr.

Head a little more narrow than the thorax; eyes large, promi-
nent; palpi moderate, a little longer than the head; last article
much shorter than the preceding, obtuse; antenne nearly the
length of the body, insensibly enlarging in an elongate club;
wings wide, rather robust, dentate, always destitute of ocelli and

prolongations in the form of a tavl.

1. N. ursula Fab. Ent. Syst. II, 1, 82. N. ephestion Godt. N. astyanax
Fab. Figured in Stoll, suppl. 4 Cram. pl. 25. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 10.
Boisd. et Lec. pl. 53, p. 199.

Wings slightly dentate; blackish-brown above, glossed with a
bluish tint, much more deep towards the extremity of the secon-
daries. These have parallel to their terminal edge a double fes-
tooned black line, preceded by a bent transverse ray of the same
color; three rows of bluish crescents, of which the interior are
much the largest. In the female, the blue occupies less space, and
the crescents which form the first row are truncate, less marked,
smaller, and each one supported behind by a fulvous point.

The primaries have the summit more brown than the rest of the
surface, and marked by one or two small white spots. The pos-
terior edge has two rows of blue or slate-colored crescents, preceded
within by a row of fulvous points often indistinct, and existing
sometimes only on the half of the wing nearest the upper edge.

Under side is brown, a little reddish, glossed, in the male by a
violet-blue tint, except at the summit of the primaries. The base
of these is marked in the cellule by two fulvous spots, surrounded
with black and environed with blue; the base of the secondaries
has three nearly similar spots; the origin of the upper edge of all
the wings is fulvous; the terminal edge of all has two rows of blue
crescents, preceded within by a row of fulvous spots bordered with
black behind.

Body blackish, with the under side of abdomen whitish.

NYMPHALIS. 65

Larva whitish or russety white with green shades, which cover
a part of the back; the second ring is armed with two long ferru-
ginous horns, a little arcuate; the fifth bears two roundish tuber-
cles, of the same color. The other tubercles are greenish and not
prominent. eM

Chrysalis russety, with the under side of the abdomen whitish,
and a prominent projection on the back. Feeds on Salix, Wac-
cintum, and Cerasus.

United States,—Expands three and a half inches.

Boisp.

2. N. arthemis Drury. N. lamina Fab. Godt. Figured in Drury, II, pl.
10. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 54, p. 202. Say Amer. Ent. II, pl. 23.

Upper side brownish-black, with a common white band a little
beyond the middle, and a double series of blue marginal crescents
on the secondaries, and only one on the primaries. These have at
the summit two or three small white spots, and the secondaries, in
the males, a bent row of seven roundish spots, or large fulvous
dots, situated between the band and the blue crescents.

The lower side differs from the upper in having the ground color
more pale, excepting on the outer edge where it remains blackish;
at the base of each wing there are some bluish spots, accompanied
by large reddish points; the primaries have a series of reddish
points before the double line of blue lunules of the extremity.

Emarginations of all the wings white. ody black, with three
white lines along the abdomen. Antenne black.

The female is larger than the male; the bent row of large ful-
vous points is replaced above by Iunules formed of bluish atoms ;
below, it has the same markings as the male.

Northern States. —Expands three and a half inches.
Boisp.

3. N. disippus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 392. N. misippus Fab. WN.
archippus Cram. Figuredin Cram. pl.16. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 55, p. 204.

Upper side fulvous, with nerves and edges black; the terminal
edge has two rows of white points, the exterior are the smaller,
and placed in the emarginations; near the summit of the primaries,
where the black dilates sensibly, are three white points, followed
by a macular and transverse band of four fulvous spots.

The secondaries are traversed beyond the middle, reaching from
the external edge to the anal angle, by a bent, black ray.

66 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side has the ground color and fulvous spots of the summit
more pale; the interior points of the terminal edge are replaced
by a double series of white lunules; there are two white spots on
the costal edge towards the base, and sometimes a point near the
base of the cell.

Antenne black as well as the body; the latter is pointed with
white on the head and breast.

The female is somewhat larger than the male, and the second
row of crescents on the under side of the wings is a little bluish.

Larva green, varied with white; the first rings are russety.
The second ring bears two spiny horns, a little arcuate in front ;
the third, fifth, sixth, seventh and tenth has each a small spiny
process, and the eleventh two short spines. Feeds on Salix and
Prunus.

Chrysalis russety, with the sides of the abdomen varied with
white, and a prominent projection on the back.

United States. —Expands from two inches and a half to four

inches.
Boispd.

4. L. lorquini Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 301. L. eulalia
Doubled.

Upper side brown-black, traversed toward the middle by a white
macular band, preceded on the primaries in the discoidal cellule
by a spot of the same color; primaries, with the summit very
widely ferruginous red, separated from the brown part by three or
four white spots. Secondaries with two large fulvous points
towards the anal angle. :

Under side brown, with the same band and the same white spots
as above; the common band followed by a ferruginous space,
divided by a series of whitish sagittate crescents, bordered with
black at the summit; that of the primaries with two ferruginous
streaks in the cellule; that of the secondaries with the edge
whitish, and the base intersected by whitish-gray spots.

California.

Borsp.
PAPHIA Dovsuepay.

Wings with a metallic gloss, under side indistinctly reticulated ;
female with the upper side more variegated with brown or pale-
colored spots than the male. Head not tufted in front; eyes large,

APATURA. 67

prominent. Labial palpi thickly squamose, broad in front. An-
tenne short, slender; club slender, obliquely rounded off at tip.
Primaries large, fore margin strongly arched, somewhat elbowed
near the base, apical angle more or less acute; apical margin
sometimes deeply emarginate near the tip. Secondaries subovate,
costal margin rounded, outer margin sometimes scolloped; the
extremity of the third branch of the median vein being extended
into a tail. Abdomen rather small and subovate.

l. P. glycerium Doubleday. Figured in Doubleday and Hewitson’s
Genera, pl. 50.

Upper side copper red; margin of all the wings brownish inte-
riorly, powdered with the same color; primaries with two short
brownish bands commencing on the costal, the one nearest the apex
undulate ; the brownish margin extends about one-third on the
anterior edge, with a deep emargination near the summit.

Under side paler, of the color of dead leaves; the bands on the
primaries longer than above, and a transverse band on the secon-
daries separating the deeper shade of the base from the other part;
an indistinct white spot near the upper edge.

Female larger, paler, markings in the primaries more distinct
and wide; similar below.
Texas—Illinois.

APATURA Fas.

yes large, prominent; antenne rather long, terminated by an
elongated cylindrical club, the end of which is yellow; palp7 con-
tiguous ; thorax long and robust; abdomen proportionately small;
wings slightly dentate, often with a bluish reflection, the seconda-
ries with the cellule open and having at least one ocellus on the
under side; the primaries always have the outer edge more or less
concave, and in the discoidal cellule on the under side two or three
black transverse streaks. The secondaries are also somewhat con-
cave above the anal angle.

The Apature resemble Satyri in the form of the Jarva and in

68 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the ocelli on the under side of the wings, but differ in habits; the
former live on trees, the latter on low grounds and grasses.

1. A. clyton Boisd. Boisd. et Lec., 209, pl. 56, p. 208.

Primaries reddish-yellow or fulvous, with the extremity brown-
ish, marked with two rows of small spots and a marginal interrupted
ray, ochry yellow. The fulvous portion has two black streaks on
the discoidal cellule, and is separated from the brownish by a
sinuous blackish ray.

The secondaries are obscure rufous, gradually becoming brown-
ish towards the extremity. This part is divided by a row of five
black points ocellated with rufous, preceded by a series of quad-
rangular spots a little more clear than the ground color and fol-
lowed by a yellowish marginal ray, as a continuation of that on
the primaries. Besides these, there is near the middle a blackish,
sinuous, transverse ray, very distinct at its origin on the upper
edge.

Under side of all the wings is russety gray, with a violet reflec-
tion; an obscure marginal ray, and a median, black, transverse,
flexuous ray, corresponding to that on the upper side, more distinct
on the primaries, where it is preceded by two black streaks and
followed by the same spots as above, but paler. This same ray is
preceded, in the discoidal cellule of the secondaries, by two black
streaks. The ocellated points have the pupil bluish-white. The
emarginations of all the wings are feebly white.

Larva, which feeds on Prunus and other drupaceous plants, is
green, with four rays of greenish yellow. Head yellowish-green,
marked with two black spots and surmounted by two short ramose
yellowish spines ; the two small anal points are a little elevated.

Chrysalis green, with the envelopment of the wings and some
indistinct dorsal rays greenish-yellow.

Southern States.—Expands nearly two inches and a half.

Boisp.

2. A. celtis Boisd. Boisd. et Lec., p. 210, pl. 57.

Same size and form of A. clyton. .

Upper side pale russety gray. Outer half of the primaries
brownish, marked with about a dozen small white spots disposed
in two lines a little sinuous, of which one or two near the summit

AGANISTHOS, 69

are ocellated with black and very small. The exterior edge has a
russety line, preceded near the external angle by a black eye ocel-
lated by yellowish-red, on a line with the white spots of the second
row. ‘There are two black transversal streaks in the discoidal
cellule.

The secondaries are traversed, towards the middle, by two indis-
tinct curved lines of blackish-gray, and near the marginal edge by
two parallel undulated lines of the same color, very distinct.
These lines are preceded by a curved row of six black eyes, of
which the second, counting from above, is the largest ; the others
sensibly diminish in size. The anal is very small and often wanting.

The under side is whitish, and has nearly the same markings as
the upper. On the secondaries, the two curved lines of the middle
are preceded, towards the base, by two or three small annular
brownish spots. The ocelli are pupilled with white, and sur-
rounded by a small yellow iris.

Upper side of the body brownish-gray. Under side whitish- gray.
Antenne brownish, with the club yellowish.

Larva, whick feeds on Celtis occidentalis, is yellowish, with the
sides more pale and nearly whitish. The back has a ray yellowish-
green, bordered on each side by an obscure green line. The
whitish part is also divided longitudinally by a green obscure ray.
Head green, surmounted by two small bifid spines. The small
anal points are a little raised.

Chrysalis yellowish-green, a little bifid.

Southern States.

BolspD.

AGANISTHOS Boisp.

Head nearly as wide as the thorax; eyes large, prominent ; an-
tenne long, terminated by an elongated cylindrical club; palpi
near together, converging at the extremity; thorax long, thick,
very robust ; abdomen proportionately small; wings not dentate,
very strong and robust; the primaries have the outer edge very
emarginate and the summit prolonged, which gives them a falcate
form ; the secondaries are rounded, without tails, the anal angle a
little prominent ; both sides destitute of ocellt.

70 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. A. orion Fad. Syst. Ent. 457. A. odius Sulz. A. danae Cram.
Figured in Cram. pl. 84. Sulz. Gesch. pl. 13. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 52,
p- 195.

Expands about five inches. Upper side of primaries brownish-
black, with a fulvous, longitudinal band, which covers the anterior
surface, terminating a little distance from the outer edge. On the
upper edge there is an oblong white spot of moderate size.

The upper side of the secondaries is brownish-black, with the
base obscure fulvous.

The under sede of all the wings is brown shaded with gray, with
two transverse bands more deep near the base; then two black
lines equally transverse, which unite towards the internal edge of
the secondaries. A white spot on the primaries, corresponding
with that on the upper side; the terminal edge of all the wings is
grayish-white on each side.

Upper side of the body fulvous, with the extremity brownish ;
under side, color of the wings. Antenne ferruginous.

Florida. [Most probably not found in the United States.—

Major Leconte teste, M. |
Borsp.

Fam. VII. SATYRIDAE.

Larva attenuate at the extremities and nearly pisciform,
terminated by two anal points more or less prominent; head
sometimes rounded, sometimes emarginate or bifid, or sur-
mounted by two spines. Chrysalis cylindroid, not much
angular. Perfect insect; palpi close, elevated, very hairy;
body moderate; wings rather robust, abdominal edge of the
secondaries forming a groove; discoidal cellule always
closed; nervures of the primaries often much dilated at
their origin. |

CHIONOBAS Bop.

Head not quite so wide as the thorax, closely connected with it;
antenne terminating in an elongated club, forming insensibly and
occupying nearly the half; palpt remote, covered with fine hairs;
last article very short; wings rounded ; primaries, with the costal
nervure feebly inflated.

The species of this genus differ from the other Satyride in

CHIONOBAS. Th

their pale, dull, livid, and, as it were, diseased color, indicating
their far northern habitat.

1. C. also Boisd. et Lec., p. 222. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pl. 40.

Wings of a dirty grayish tint, mixed with yellow, slightly trans-
parent with some small brownish atoms, a little more dense near
the fringe. The primaries have a little more uniform color, deeper
at the base, with an oblique shadow on the median nerve. The
secondaries are sufficiently transparent to observe the markings on
the opposite side.

The under side of the primaries is more deeply powdered with
brownish than the upper, with the upper edge and summit varie-
gated with grayish and blackish.

The under side of the secondaries is brownish to the middle, -
with some grayish atoms, and marbled with the same color near
the external edge. The posterior portion is grayish violet, with
blackish atoms and small undulations.

The fringe is grayish-white, interrupted with blackish.

Rocky Mountains of New Hampshire.

[ Most probably Sat. semidea Say.—M |]

Boisp.

2. C. balder Boisd. et Lec., p. 216. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pl. 39.
Boisd. Iconograph. du Regne Animal, pl. 80.

Upper side livid yellowish-brown, with the border a little more
obscure. Primaries at the extremity have three pale yellow spots,
of which two have a central black point. Secondaries, near the
extremity, have a row of four or five pale yellow spots, cuneiform ;
the one nearest the anal angle usually has a black point.

Under side of primaries is more yellow than the upper, with the
costal edge, apical point, and a part of the extremity, pale ash,
sprinkled with brown.

Under side of the secondaries brownish, varied with ash-gray ;
-a little bluish. It is traversed in the middle by a broad band,
dentated, and forming a suite of nearly equal angles. The edge
of this band and the extremity of the wing are more gray than the
rest. Fringe white and black. Body brown; antenne grayish
at the base, pale testaceous to the end.

North Cape—Greenland—Labrador.

Bolsp.

72 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. C. bootes Boisd. et Lec., p. 218. Figured in Boisd. Icon. pl. 37.

Upper side yellowish-brown, mixed with gray; primaries towards
the extremity with a blackish marginal ray, interrupted or indis-
tinct. The are which closes the discoidal cell is blackish, followed
by a brownish angular impression.

Upper side of secondaries yellowish, with an obscure impression
on the middle and towards the base. The border is of the same
color as that of the primaries, and separated from the yellowish by
a blackish macular ray. Fringe grayish-white- divided by black.

Under side of primaries yellowish, with the summit and costal
margin whitish, with brown points. The cellule is traversed by a
blackish ray ; beyond this, there is another blackish ray, more dis-
tinct, and bent into an acute angle on the median nerve.

Under side of the secondaries is whitish, the base varied with
black—a wide, sinuous band traversing the middle. Extremity
russety, pointed with brown; a macular, blackish ray; nerves
white. Body brown; antenne fulvous; base gray.

North Cape—Labrador—Greenland.

Boisp.

4. C. oeno Boisd. Figured in Boisd. Icones, pl. 39.

Wings thin and delicate ; color livid brown, mixed with yel-
lowish. Primaries nearly transparent at the extremity, which is
more yellowish; apex and edge with some blackish atoms. Secon-
daries transparent, with some black atoms towards the edge.

Under side of the primaries more yellowish, with the snmmit
and costal edge pointed with brownish.

Under side of the secondaries is marked with white and black,
traversed by a blackish band, crenate. The extremity, with black-
ish atoms, forming a macular ray. Fringe white and black. Body
brown. Antenne as in the preceding species.

Lapland—Siberia— Labrador.

Boispb.

NEONYMPHA Hovpner.

Body small, hairy; wings large, not diaphanous, uniformly
colored above, more or less ocellated and strigose, especially be-
neath. Head small and slightly hairy. Antenne very short,
annulated with white, joints short, club robust, elongate; labial

NEONYMPHA. is

palpi densely clothed in front with long, straight, bristly hairs.
Thorax oval, very finely hairy. Primaries large, entire, fringed
with fine hairs; costal margin slightly arched, veins delicate.
Secondaries sub-triangular, costal margin arched, outer angle
rounded, anal angle rather obtuse, outer margin entirely fringed
with long hairs. Fore legs of the males small and feathery; fore
legs of the females very small, slightly feathery. Four hind legs
short, scaly. Femurs slightly clothed with hairs, tibial spurs dis-
tinct, claws much curved, entire, slender.

Larve elongate, thickest in the middle, longitudinally strigose,
tail bifid. Chrysalis short and thick, with the head case rather
incurved and obtuse.

1. N. eurythris Yad. Ent. Syst. II,1,137. MN. cymela Cram. Figured
in Herbst, pl. 196. Cram. pl. 132. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 61.

Wings entire, slightly brown on the upper side; primaries, at
the extremity, with two black ocelli; iris yellow; double silvery
pupil. These spots are separated from the outer edge by a triple
blackish line.

Upper side of secondaries with three ocelli; the upper one small
and widely separated from the two below; the middle one the
largest, and it alone having the double silvery pupil.

The female has but two spots on the upper side of the secon-
daries.

Under side- paler, with two brown wavy lines traversing the
middle. Between the two ocelli, corresponding to those on the
upper side, there are two double silver points.

Under side of secondaries has four spots, the upper and lower
of which are the smallest. There are also two intermediary silver
points, sometimes with an iris. Behind these spots are three
blackish lines. Body brownish; antenne annulated with white
and black; club ferruginous.

United States.—Expands an inch and a half.

BoispD.
2. N. gemma Hiibner. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 62.

Wings entire; upper side uniform pale brown, except on the
lower edge of the secondaries, where there are three or four
crescent-shaped black spots.

74. LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Under side paler. From the base of all the wings to the middle,
there are short brown streaks. The primaries with two transverse
brown lines, the outer one wavy, and the edge with a black ray.
The secondaries are traversed by two wavy lines; towards the
outer border, an irregular violet spot surrounded with black, en-
closing two small silver points, one at each end. Between this
and the edge is a series of silver points, confluent towards the
anal angle.

United States. —Expands an inch and a half.
Bois.

3. N. sosybius Fab. Ent. Syst. III, 219. MN. camertus Cram. Herbst.
Figured in Cram. pl. 293. Herbst, pl. 195. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 63.

Wings entire, brownish; upper side without spots; round the
outer edge of all are three darker lines.

Under side, which is lighter, has three transverse, obscure, un-
dulated lines. Discoidal cellule with a curved streak, and on the
secondaries a similar streak extending obliquely from one line to
the other, besides three fine lines round the edge.

The primaries have four or five ocelli, and the secondaries six.

The latter are black, with a simple white pupil and yellow iris;
some of them are less distinct than others, and sometimes almost
obsolete.

United States. —Expands an inch and a quarter.

Boisp.

4, N. areolatus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 494. Figured in Sm. Abb.
I, pl. 13. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 63.

Wings entire, brownish ; upper side without spots.

Under side paler, with two ferruginous transverse lines. Be-
tween these lines there is an elongated, ferruginous circle, in which
the primaries have three or four ocelli, with a bluish pupil and
yellow iris; the secondaries inclose in this circle six ocelli, of
which the third, fourth and fifth are oblong, with the pupil oval.

Southern States. —Hxpands an inch and a half.
Boisp.

5. N. canthus Zinn. Syst. Nat. 768. NN. boisduvalli Harris. Figured
in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 60.

Wings entire; bright brown above, darker towards the ex-
tremity, with four ocelli, two of which are not always distinct.

EREBIA. 15

The secondaries have six ocelli ; the anal one is of the ground
color, with a black pupil, indistinct.

Under side paler, crossed with irregular wavy lines. The pri-
maries have four ocelli, with the pupil white. The secondaries
have six ocelli, five of which are contiguous.

United States.—Expands nearly two inches.
Boisp.

[Fabricius has united the following with the preceding, but
Godart maintains that it is a distinct species —J. G. M. |

6. N. cantheus Fab. Ent. Syst. 486.

Nearly the same size as WV. canthus. Upper side blackish-brown,
without spots. Under side lighter, with two ferruginous, oblique,
common lines. The primaries have three small indistinct eyes.
The secondaries have six, of which the fifth is large; the sixth,
which is at the anal angle, small.

North America.

GoDART.

EREBIA Datmay.

Club of the antenne gradual. Hyes naked. Tibia shorter than
the tarsus. Only the costal of the primaries inflated. Species
rather small in size; color dark brown; usually a ferruginous
band or spots with small black eyes, pupils white. Sometimes
the eyes are obsolete and in their stead only black spots. Under
side paler; a dark band marbled. Outer edge rounded. Palpi
with long hairs at the last joint; antenne not annulated.

1. HE. discoidalis Kirby. Faun. Bor. Am. IV, 298, pl. 3.

Body brown; antenne annulated with white; wings entire,
brown; costa spotted with gray; a triangular obscure reddish
tawny discoidal stripe extends from the base to the posterior mar-
gin of the primaries, and is discoverable also on the under side,
where the wing is faintly clouded with gray at the tip; the secon-
daries underneath are indistinctly marbled and clouded with gray
or whitish ; fringe whitish and brown alternately.

Canada.—Expands an inch.
KIRBY.

16 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. EH. nephele Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299.

Color brown above and beneath, but paler beneath. Antenne
annulated with white; knob slender.

Upper side is marked with an obsolete but broad submarginal
band, in which there are two eyelets with a clouded white or
bluish-white pupil, and a small black iris with a very indistinet
brown ring. The posterior wings are crenate, and marked with a
minute or obsolete black spot.

Under side, the belt of the anterior wings is much more distinct,
eyelets bright, and the outer ring of brown plain; margin of the
wing traversed with two or three lines parallel to the edge. Outer
half of the hind wing paler and marked with six small eyelets,
which form three rows, the largest eyelet being in the middle; the
anal angles divaricate, leaving a wide triangular space.

Canada.
KIRBY.

SATYRUS Fas.

Eyes naked. Tibia long, with a spur at the end. One or two
veins on the primaries inflated. Wings wide, limb of the prima-
ries seldom rounded, that of the secondaries dentate. Upper side
brown or black, usually with a broad whitish or yellowish band
before the limb, and with ocelli in the primaries. Under side of
secondaries marbled.

[ Westwood, in second volume of Doubleday’s, Hewitson’s, and
Westwood’s Genera, proposes to limit the genus Satyrus to those
species generally of large size, which are distinguished by having
the costal and median veins of the primaries dilated at the base,
the sub-median being simple, and by having the eyes naked.—
icp ME i]

l. S. alope Fab. E.S. III, 229. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 59.

Upper side blackish-brown; under side paler and finely undu-
lated with black. Primaries on both sides, with a wide, yellow
ochry band, concave behind, sinuous before, touching neither the
upper nor lower edge. This band bears two ocelli, with blue
pupils, the lower one sometimes indistinct or obsolete.

SATYRUS. 1T

The wpper side of the secondaries, usually towards the anal
angle, has a similar ocellated spot.

The under side has a row of six; iris yellow, pupil blue, of
which the two extreme and the intermediary are smallest.

Body of the color of the wings; antennz annulated with white
and black.

The S. pegala of Fab. is most probably only a variety which
has but one eye on the primaries.

United States.—Expands two and a half inches.

Boisp.

2. S. ariane Boisd.

Upper side blackish-brown; primaries with two black ocelli
pupilled with white, the iris a little paler; secondaries with a
smaller eye often preceded by another small one without a pupil.

Under side brown, with the markings more obscure; the eyes
of the primaries with a fulvous iris, preceded by a transverse
brown line, and followed near the fringe by three very fine parallel
lines; that of the secondaries is traversed in the middle by two
sinuous brown lines, followed by an irregular row of six small
black ocelli and more or less marked with blue.

The female is much larger than the male; the ocelli of the pri-
maries are larger, circled with fulvous yellow; the small ocelli of
the under side of the inferiors much less distinct than in the male.

California.

Botsp.
3. S. sthenele Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 308.

Upper side brown, with the fringe ash-gray, intersected with
black ; that of the primaries with two small black ocelli with white
pupil; that of the secondaries without spots.

Under side ash-gray, deeper at the base ; that of the primaries
with two larger ocelli circled with fulvous yellow, that of the
secondaries traversed by a wide brown angular band and marked
towards the anal angle by two smail black ocelli with white pupil.

California.

Bois.

4. S. pegala Fab. Ent. Syst. III, 494. .
Body brown, primaries obscure brown, with a wide russety

band which does not reach the edge. On both sides an eye with
a white pupil.

78 _ LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Upper side of the secondaries obscure brown, with a black eye,
white pupil and yellow iris.

Under side of various colors, with six eyes, of which three are
united, the fifth very large. These eyes, which vary in number
and form, are black, pupil whitish, and iris ferruginous.

North America.
Gopt.

DEBIS Boisp.

Body rather small, wings large; secondaries generally angulated
in the middle with a row of large ocelli; eyes prominent, hairy;
labial palpi rather elongated, clothed in front with moderately
short fine hair. Antenne slender, club slender, with short joints.
Thorax short, thick, hairy. Primaries triangular, ovate; fore
margin strongly curved, apical angle rounded, apical margin but
little if at all emarginate, costal vein dilated at the base. Secon-
daries subovate, more or less scolloped along the outer margin,
which is generally deeply angulated or rather shortly tailed at the
extremity. Fore legs very minute and thickly clothed with long
silky hairs; tarsus slender, as long as the tibia, and destitute of
joints or claws. Fore legs of the females rather larger than those
of the males, slender, scaly, destitute of hairs; tarsal articulations
concealed by scales, obliquely truncate at tip, where there are a
few short spines. Tibial spurs of the hind legs rather long.

1. D. andromacha Hiibn. Figured in Say, Amer. Ent. I, pl. 36.

Body above and the superior surface of the wings brown; pri-
maries beyond the middle, with a broad paler band, bifid before,
and including a series of four fuscous oval spots or epupillate
ocelli, of which the second and sometimes the third are small and
the posterior one largest; between the band and the exterior edge
is a single narrow pale line, sometimes obsolete; exterior edge
alternately white and black; secondaries with a narrow fuscous,
angulated line across the middle, and a broad pale band beyond
the middle, in which is a series of five fuscous epupillate ocelli with
a yellow iris, the third smallest, then the fifth, the first being largest,

DEBIS. 19

exterior margin slightly tinged with rufous and with one or two
fuscous lines.

Under side perlaceous, with a brown narrow band before the
middle ; beyond which is a broad lighter perlaceous band, in which
on the primaries are four epupillate ocelli, two or three anterior
ones small, and on the secondaries are six ocellate spots, consisting
of a fuscous spot surrounded by a yellow line and having a white
pupil ; first spot distant, third small, fifth double; exterior margin
with a yellow line.

Larva long, subcylindric, striate; head with two erect horns;
body terminating in two porrected points.

_ Chrysalis short, thick, constricted across the abdomen.

North and West.

Say.

2. D. portlandia Yad. Ent. Syst. III, 103. Figured in Boisd. et Lec.
pl. 58.

Upper side pale livid brown, inclining to russety, with three
large black eyes on the primaries and five on the secondaries.
These eyes have no pupils and are surrounded with a yellow iris.
Sometimes the primaries have a small intermediate eye between
the first and second, and the secondaries have a sixth small anal
eye.

The wnder side is paler than the upper, with a violet reflection,
traversed by two brown sinuous rays, between which there is a
discoidal are of the same color. The eyes are neater and blacker
than above, with the iris yellow; those of the primaries are in-
closed in an oblong white ring, and the first is often pupilled with
white; those of the secondaries are nearly all pupilled with white,
the anal is double and the pupils oblong. Besides this, the eyes
are preceded on all the wings by a white sinuous band, and fol-
lowed by a line of the same color, which is double in the secon-
daries. The marginal edge is fulvous yellow. Antenne yellowish;
body of the color of the wings.

Larva feeds on grasses; green, with two white dorsal lines and
a lateral band of the same color. The anal points are prominent,
rosy white; head surmounted by two points of the same color,
which are elevated in the form of ears; the under side of the abdo-
men and the feet are whitish-green.

Georgia.

Boisp.

80 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

COEONYMPHA WEstwoop.

Body small, wings entire, rounded, sometimes entirely destitute
of ocellated spots; the three principal nerves of the primaries
inflated at the base; fringe long, costal edge moderately arcuated ;
secondaries oval and triangular, fringe long, external edge convex
and entire, internal edge usually emarginate towards the end;
antenne thin, not annulated with black, club ovoid, elongate;
labial palpi much compressed, straight, hairy in front; head small,
hairy, without a frontal tuft; eyes prominent, naked; abdomen

moderately long, thin.

1. C. semidea Say. Amer. Ent. III, pl. 50.

Body black, immaculate; antenne fuscous, beneath bright ru-
fous toward the tip, the club very gradually formed; primaries
brown, the costal margin with alternate black and white spots;
beneath dull ochreous, with obsolete, transverse, abbreviated,
blackish lines; costal and broad tip margin alternated with vivid
black and white lines ; secondaries dark brown; towards the pos-
terior margin obscure ochreous, with obsolete abbreviated, black-
ish, transverse lines; posterior margin with a slender black line
and dirty white edging; beneath marbled with black and white,
the black prevailing across the middle and base of the wing.

White Mountains of New Hampshire. Z
SAY.

2. C. galactina Goisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 309.

Upper side white, a little yellowish; without any other spot than
by the transparency of the other side.

Under side of the primaries with a small black eye at the sum-
mit, most frequently without a pupil, preceded from the side of
the base by a ferruginous transverse line a little bent; that of the
secondaries washed with gray, and this part more obscure is sepa-
rated from the other by a sinuous ray, followed by one, two, three
or four small black eyes, often without pupils.

California.
Boisp.

CALISTO. ARGUS. 81

CALISTO Hutpy.

The hairy eyes, the dilatation of the base of the costal and
median veins of the primaries, the insertion of all the branches of
the post-costal veins beyond the extremity of the discoidal veins,
the strongly angulated middle disco-cellular vein and the lobed
secondaries, distinguish this genus.

1. C. zangis Fab. E.S. III,218. C.agnes Cram. Figured in Cram. pl.
325. Herbst, pl. 203.

Upper side brownish-black velvety, a little paler towards the
tip; a small black eye with a yellow iris at the lobe of the se-
condaries.

Under side ferruginous, with four black transverse and undulated
lines, of which two are between the base and the middle, the other
two near the terminal edge.

Primaries, opposite the summit, have a large black eye, with a
russety iris and a double white pupil.

Secondaries have two eyes, of which the anal one is like that on
the upper side, the other similar ‘to that of the primaries, but a
little oblong and surmounted with three white points.

Body of the color of the wings.

Carolina. —Expands an inch and a half.
Encyc. METH.

Fam. VIII. LYCAENIDAE.

Larva in the form of Oniscus (wood-louse.) Chrysalis short,
obtuse at both ends. Perfect insect; abdominal edge em-
bracing a little portion of the abdomen. Discoidal cellule
closed apparently by a small nerviform prominence. Hooks
of the tarsi very small.

ARGUS Livy.

Head smaller than the thorax; palpi bent; second article co-
vered with short and thick-set hairs; the last article naked, thin
and filiform; antenne moniliform, terminated by fusiform club,
compressed laterally at its extremity. The color of Argus is

usually blue. The under side presents a number of small spots
6

82 - LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or ocellated points, and often a marginal band of yellow spots.
The females differ from the males in bein g often brown or blackish.
Wings rounded, and ordinarily without tails. Some species have
a small filiform process.

1, A. filenus Poey, Cent. A. Hanno? Hiibn. A. ubaldus Godt. A. pseu-
doptiletes Boisd. Figured in Hiibn. Exot. Samml. Cram. 390. L. M.
Boisd. et Lec. pl. 35, p. 114.

Upper side of the male blue, with a slight black border; fringe
whitish. In both sexes there is a small black round spot near the
marginal edge of the secondaries.

Under side ash-gray, usually more pale in the male than in the
female, with a discoidal crescent on the middle of each, and three
sinuous, common bands, formed of small black spots circled with
white, of which the-posterior are a little less distinct and somewhat
sagittate. The space which separates the internal band of the
median is usually whiter than the rest, and forms a band of small
white quadrangular spots. The base of the secondaries has a
transverse row of three very black points, circled with white; of
which the external is largest. -The secondaries have on the mar-
ginal edge and near the anal angle, a black eye, more or less circled
with yellow, sprinkled behind with golden-green atoms.

Southern States. —Expands three-fourths of an inch.
Boisp.

2. A. pseudargiolus Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 36,
p. 118.

Upper side of the male tender violet blue, with a slight black
edge, often widened on the primaries. Fringe whitish and black.

Upper side of the female paler blue and less violet, a wide black
border on the primaries, and a marginal row of black points; a
small black are at the extremity of the discoidal cellule.

Under side obscure gray, with a brown discoidal streak, a trans-
verse sinuous line of black points a little circled with white, and a
marginal row of brownish triangular crescents, each one supported
by a point more obscure. At the base of the primaries, a trans-
verse row of three distinct black points.

Larva green, pubescent; back yellowish; a median interrupted
ray, cut transversely by a wide arc; oblique streaks on the sides;
near the feet a marginal ray, dark green; head black.

POLYOMMATUS, 83

Chrysalis reddish ; wing envelopes greenish; back with four
rows of obscure spots.

United States.—Expands an inch.
Boisp.

POLYOMMATUS Larr.

Palpi very straight; last article naked, rather long and subu-
late ; head more narrow than the thorax; antenne long, terminated
by a fusiform elongated club; anal angle of the secondaries in
most males a little prolonged; posterior edge usually somewhat
emarginate before this angle, in the females.

Ground color of the wings. more or less lively fulvous, at least
in one of the sexes. The females always have some black points

‘on the upper side.

1. P. comyntas Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 660. Figured in Boisd. et
Lec. pl. 36, p. 120.

Upper side of the male violet blue, posterior edge blackish.

Upper side of the female blackish-brown, sometimes uniform,
sometimes with the base covered with bluish dust. Fringe white
in both sexes; secondaries, with a marginal row of small round
spots, of which one or two, near the filiform tail, are surmounted
with a reddish are.

Under side gray, with a central arc, then a flexuous line of
small ocellate points, circled with white, and two marginal lines
of small brownish spots. Secondaries, with a row of two or three
basal black points, and two anal triangular crescents, reddish-
yellow, with black ends, each supported on a very black point, but
separated from it by a small are of shining gold-green atoms.

Larva dirty greenish-white; an interrupted dorsal ray, and
oblique lateral russety streaks; near the head, a transverse streak
blackish, and near the tail, two greenish triangular spots. Head
black.

Chrysalis yellowish ; wing envelopes paler, and four dorsal rows
of obscure points.

United States. Expands a little over an inch.
Boisp.

84 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. P. phlaeas Linn. Syst. Nat. 793. Figured in most European authors.

Upper side of the primaries in both sexes shining fulvous, with
the upper and side edge blackish-brown, and eight large black
- points.

Secondaries blackish-brown, with a central arc and some deeper
points ; then a fulvous crenated band, sometimes surmounted by a
row of four or five blue points.

Under side of the primaries grayish-ash, with fifteen small scat-
tered points, and a flexuous line.

Larva, which feeds on Kumex, is green, pubescent, with a rosy
dorsal and marginal line, or sometimes pale green.

Chrysalis grayish, with obscure points on the back.

United States, Europe, Africa, &«.—Expands over an inch.

Boisp.

3. P. hypophlaeas Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 293.

Closely resembles P. phleas, but is smaller, with the points more
distinct, the wings more rounded; under side of the secondaries
white-ashy, with the yellow marginal band strongly marked.

North of California and Northern United States.
Borsp.

4. P. thoe Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Guér. Rég. Anim. pl. 81. Boisd.
et Lec. pl. 38, p. 125.

Upper side of the male brownish, with a violet reflection and a
light blackish border; three black points, of which two are in the
discoidal cellule.

Secondaries have on the terminal edge an orange fulvous band,
crenated behind, and a blackish arc on the end of the discoidal
cellule.

Upper side of the primaries of the female fulvous, with a blackish
border, and some black discoidal points, of which two or three are
in the cellule, and the others disposed in a transverse line. That
of the secondaries brownish, with some scattered brownish points
disposed nearly as on the primaries, and a fulvous marginal band
as in the male, but paler.

Under side in both sexes the same. Primaries fulvous, with
the posterior edge ashy, two or three sinuous rows of black points,
and four similar points between the base of the wing and the
internal row.

POLYOMMATUS. 85

Under side of secondaries pale ashy, with a fulvous band as
above; some black points circled with white, without order, to-
wards the-base, but regular towards the extremity. Fringe of
secondaries white and black.

United States.—Expands over an inch.

Boisp.

5. P. epixanthe Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 38, p. 127.

Upper stde brownish-black, with scattered black points. Pri-
maries with the costal edge a little reddish; secondaries with a
narrow marginal fulvous band, crenated behind. Fringe grayish.

Under side yellowish; primaries, with about fifteen black points
disposed as in the analogous species; secondaries, with black
points, but small; a crenated band of a more lively tint than that
on the upper side.

Western States.—Expands about an inch.
Boisp.

6. P. crataegi Boisd. et Lec. P. tarquinius Fab. Figured in Boisd. et
Lec. pl. 37, p. 128.

Wings, blackish-brown ; primaries, with a longitudinal sinuous
yellow band, irregular at its extremity, and marked towards the
base by a blackish interrupted line.

Secondaries, with the lower limb bright yellow, and a marginal
series of black points.

Primaries of the female yellowish, with a crenate black border
and two longitudinal interrupted black bands, the anterior the
longer, and divided into three parts. Secondaries with the ex-
tremity yellowish, and four to six black points disposed in two.
rows. .

The under side is reddish-yellow, glossed with whitish, with
deeper spots slightly circled with white on the secondaries; pri-
maries, with all the disk, of a yellowish tint.

Larva, which feeds on Crataegus, is green, with three dorsal
white rays, and one at the base of the feet.

Chrysalis grayish ; back darker, marked with prominent tuber-
eles. Hind extremity pointed and a little arcuate.

United States. —Expands an inch and a half.
Boisp.

86 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

7. P. helloides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 292.

Upper side smoky yellow, with a beautiful violet reflection in
the male. Markings nearly as in P. phleas, except that the latter
has only one black point towards the base of the primaries, whilst
this species has two.

Under side of primaries nearly similar to P. phleas ; that of the
secondaries reddish-gray, with a row of marginal lunules bright
ferruginous.

San Francisco.

Boisp.
8. P. gorgon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 292.

Upper side with a bright violet reflection, a small black border,
and the fringe intersected with white; primaries with a small sub-
costal black point ; secondaries with a fulvous anal streak.

Upper side of the female dull brown, spotted with fulvous, as in
the allied species, but of a paler tint.

Under side of both sexes russety on the primaries, pale grayish
on the secondaries, with a great number of ocellate black points
on each wing, and a row of fulvous marginal spots on the secon-
daries.

Mountains of California.
Boisp.

9. P. xanthoides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sén, X, 292.

Size and general appearance of P. gorgon.

Under side of the male pale ashy-brown, rather glossy, with a
black edge and white fringe slightly cut by the black of the nerves.
Primaries with a small subcostal black streak, preceded by a small
point of the same color; secondaries with a fulvous marginal
streak towards the anal angle, and marked with two or three mar-
ginal black points in a line, and united with the border.

Under side russety gray, with a great number of black points;
that of the secondaries with two or three fulvous lunules towards
the anal angle, preceded by a ray paler than the general tint.

Mountains of California. Rare. »

Botsp.
10. P. arota Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 293.

Upper side of the male brown, with a glossy red reflection, and
some small points which are transparent from the opposite surface ;

POLYOMMATUS. 8T

anal angle of secondaries with two small black marginal points,
one on each side of the tail.

Upper side of the female brown, with the disk of the primaries
and the greater part of the secondaries fulvous, spotted with black.

Under side of the primaries fulvous, the extremity ashy, with a
great number of ocellate black points.

Under side of secondaries ashy, with smaller points and less dis-
tinct, a whitish band, terminal, sinuous within, deeper towards the
fringe, and marked on each side of the tail with a black point.
Distinguished from the allied species by the small tail.

California.
Boisp.

ll. P. amyntula BSoisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 294.

Very similar to P. comyntas, of which it may be only a variety.
It differs from it in the male not having fulvous lunules on the
upper side, and in the under side of both sexes being more white,
with smaller points; and finally, in having only the anal lunule
powdered with golden atoms.

California.
Boisp.

12. P. exilis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 295.

The smallest species known.

Upper. side clear brown; secondaries paler, with a blackish
border.

Under side of primaries very clear brown, with white interrupted
transverse striz, more or less distinct.

Under side of secondaries white, with brown striz and a mar-
ginal row of seven black ocelli powdered with golden atoms.

California.
BoispD.

13. P. antaegon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 295. BP. acmon?
Westw. and Hewits. Gen. Diurn. Lep. pl. 76, fig. 1

Upper side beautiful violet blue, with a small blackish border
and white fringe; inferiors ‘with ante-marginal border fulvous,
resting on a series of black points.

Under side ash-gray, with a great number of distinct and neat
black points. That of the secondaries has before the border a
fulvous interrupted band, resting on a row of black ocelli, pow-

88 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dered with very brilliant golden atoms; a black point between
the base and the discoidal spot of the primaries. The female is
sometimes all blue, sometimes only at the base, and sometimes
nearly black. In every case the band of the upper side of the
secondaries is always more distinct than in the male.

California.
Boisp.

14. P. xerces Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 296.

Upper side of the male, blue; that of the female brown, with
some blue atoms at the base, without any other spot.

Under side of both sexes dark gray, with a central spot and a
sinuous interrupted band, formed of large white points; no mar- —
ginal lunules.

California.

15. P. saepiolus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297.

Upper side blue, with a black border, wide on the primaries,
more narrow on the secondaries, the primaries having besides a
black costal point. Female entirely black, or powdered with blue
at the base.

Under side ash-gray in the male, dark gray in the female, with
a great number of black points as in the analogous species; that
of the secondaries with three or four fulvous marginal lunules,
more distinct in the female.

Mountains of California.

16. P. icarioides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297.

Upper side violet blue, with a small black border and white
fringe. That of the secondaries with the border interrupted,
forming a series of marginal black points.

Under side clear and white; that of the primaries with a dis-
coidal lunule and a transverse sinuous line formed of black ocel-
late spots ; that of the secondaries with a central lunule and two
sinuous rows of white points scarcely pupilled with black. Female
brown, with the under side rather dark brownish-gray, marked
with a central lunule and two rows of distinct ocellate black points.

Mountains of California,

POLYOMMATUS. 89

17. P. pheres Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297.

Upper side violet blue. Under side ashy-white; that of the
primaries with.a small discoidal cellule and a sinuous line of ocel-
late black points; that of the secondaries with white spots not
ocellate. Female brown, with the base more or less bluish.

San Francisco.

18. P. heteronea Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 297.

Upper side violet blue, with a small blackish edge, white fringe,
and very prominent nerves.

Under side ashy-white; that of the primaries with a point and
central lunule black, followed by two parallel sinuous lines of black
points.

Under side of secondaries with two parallel rows of small obso-
lete spots, whitish-gray, little distinct from the ground color.

Upper side of the female brown, with the disk more or less
fulvous, pointed with black, and traversed by a sinuous line of
large black points. Under side like that of the male.

Mountains of Northern California.

19. P. enoptes Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 298.

Upper side violet blue, with a rather wide black border; the
fringe intersected with white and black on the primaries only,
entirely whitish on the secondaries.

Under side ashy-white, with a great number of black ocellate
points; the two striz of posterior points are separated on the
secondaries by a series of five yellow lunules.

California.
Boisp.

20. P. piasus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér, X, 299. *

Upper side blue, fringe whitish ; that of the female with a blackish
border on all the wings.

Under side of both ‘sexes ashy-white, with a multitude of black
ocellate points disposed as in the analogous species. Those of the
posterior row are followed by one of clear white, which forms a
transverse band, and occupies the whole space between it and the
crescents of the extremity, which are nearly effaced, and resting

90 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

behind on a grayish marginal band, crenate, more obscure than the
ground color.

California.
Boisp.

21. P. antiacis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 300.

Upper side violet blue, with a slender black margin and whitish
fringe.

Under side ash-gray, with the base greenish-blue; a transverse
line of black points strongly ocellate with white, near the ex-
tremity, preceded on the primaries by a central lunule and on the
secondaries by a central lunule and two ocellate points. Female
blackish above, with the base more or-less bluish.

San Francisco.

Boisp.

22. P. dorcas Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299. Figured in Kirby Faun.
Bor. Amer. IV, pl. 4, fig. 1.

Body black above, white below. Antenne black, with white
rings. Knob tipped with orange; wings brown, with a reddish
tint, underneath tawny; primaries with an angular band, formed
by faint black spots; behind these nearer the costa is a black bar,
above which are two more spots; between the band and the pos-
terior margin are three more black spots, arranged transversely,
and above the base are three more black spots forming a triangle;
the secondaries have a slight sinus near the anal angle, the fringe
of which projects so as to assume the appearance of a short tail ;
across the disk runs an angular band formed of faint black spots,
above which is a crescent of the same color; at the anal angle is
an orange-colored angular bar, or abbreviated band ;_ underneath,
these wings have several indistinct black dots, the three external
ones of which form an obtuse angle with the four internal ones.

“This species seems to be the American representation -of P.
phleas, but its color is much less vivid.”

Canada.
KIRBY.

23. P. lucia Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 299. Figured in Kirby Faun. Amer.
Bor. IV, pl. 3, fig. 8, 9.

Wings above silvery blue, terminating, especially at the poste-
rior margin, in a very slender black line; fringe white, barred

THECLA. 91

with black; primaries underneath ash-colored, mottled with white;
in the disk is a black crescent and a curved macular band, consist-
ing of mostly oblique black crescents edged with white, especially
on their under side. The wing terminates posteriorly in. a broadish
brown band, formed chiefly by obsolete eyelets; secondaries brown,
underneath spotted and striped with black and white ; towards the
posterior margin the white spots are arranged in a transverse band
parallel with it, and as in the primaries; the wing terminates in
several obsolete eyelets.

Canada.—Expands one inch.
KIRBY.

24. P. americana Harris MS.

The fore wings on the upper side are coppery-red, with about
eight small square black spots, and the hind margin broadly bor-
dered with dusky-brown; the hind wings are dusky-brown, with a
few small black spots on the middle, and a broad coppery-red band
on the hind margin. The wings expand from 1,4 to 1} inch.
The caterpillar is long oval, and slightly convex above, and of a
greenish color; it probably lives like the P. pleas, on the leaves
of dock and sorrel. The chrysalis, which is usually suspended
under a stone, is light yellowish-brown and spotted with black
dots.

Massachusetts.
HARRIS.

THECLA Fas.

Palpi nearly straight, sometimes longer than the head; last
article naked, rather long, subulateeor a little acicular; head more
narrow than the thorax ; eyes rather prominent; antenne of mode-
rate length, terminated by a club usually elongate and sometimes
nearly fusiform ; secondaries prolonged in one or more thin tails,

sometimes but rarely simply dentate.

1. T. halesus Fab. Syst. emend. III, 273. TJ. dolichos Hiibn. Figured
in Cram. 98. Herbst, pl. 295. Hibn. Zutr. 219. Boisd. et Lec.
pl. 25, p. 83.

Upper side of the males, beautiful glossy blue. Primaries have
at the extremity a black border of moderate width. Secondaries

92 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

terminated by two black tails, of which the external one is much
shorter. At the external angle, near the summit, there is a wide
black border, which does not reach the anal angle. The latter is
extended somewhat in the form of a spatule, powdered on both
sides with golden atoms, which extend to the base of the tails.

‘The upper side of the females is pale greenish-blue, and this
color extends scarcely beyond the middle of the wings; spatule
and base of the tails, as in the males.

Under side of all the wings in both sexes is brownish-black, with
three red spots, of which one is at the base of the primaries, and
the two others at the base of the secondaries. The latter have
besides, towards the anal angle, a macular ray of golden green,
followed by several white spots, powdered with some golden atoms.
The males often have along the edge of the superiors, a blue ray,
more or less distinct.

Body and thorax above of the color of the wings.

Abdomen red below and on the sides, and in some specimens
this color extends to the back.

Under side of the breast black, with some white points which
extend to the base of the primaries.

Head pointed with white; antenne black, with the club more
fusiform than in most of the species of this genus.

Larva, which feeds on Quercus, green, slightly pubescent.
Head and scaly feet testaceous. On the back, there is a small
ray, and on the sides nine oblique bands of obscure green. At
the base of the feet, a marginal ray of greenish-yellow.

Chrysalis russety, pointed with brown.

Southern States. —Expands an inch and a half.
Boisp.

2. T. M-album Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 26, p. 86.

A size smaller than 7. halesus. Upper side of the male blue, a
little violet, with a wide black border commencing at the base of
the primaries and extending nearly all round.

The upper side of the female is a little more pale, and the black
border is usually wider.

In both sexes, the secondaries are furnished with two small
black tails, of which the external one is shorter.

The under side of the wings is cinereous; that of the primaries
is traversed towards the middle by a small white ray which begins

THECLA. 93

on the upper edge and ends on the median nervure. The secon-
daries have beyond the middle a whitish line, straight in its first
half, angular towards the anal angle, where it describes a kind of
M, and then continuing to the side. Between this line and the
outer edge there is another line, less distinct, shaded outwardly
with blackish, interrupted by a red spot, situated in tke space
between the two tails. The anal angle has a black spatule, sepa-
rated from the internal tail by a square pale blue spot. At the
base of the tails there is a small white or grayish line which sepa-
rates the fringe, which is also white in this part of the wings.
The base of the upper edge of the primaries is reddish, and the
middle of the secondaries, near the upper edge, is marked with a
whitish point.

Body, bluish above; ashy gray eres

Antenne blackish, annulate with white; club blackish, tipped
with fulvous.

In some specimens there is a small red spot on the spatule of

- the anal angle.

Larva slightly pubescent, pale green, a little yellowish, with a
dorsal ray and seven oblique streaks, green.

Head black ; marginal ray yellow, slightly shaded with obscure
green on its upper side. Feeds on Quercus.

Chrysalis brownish-gray, with the anterior part and envelope of
the wings pale gray, a little greenish.

Southern States.
Boisp. °

3. T. psyche Boisd. et Lec. p. 88. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 27.

Same size as Z. M-album, and most probably a mere variety.
The four wings glossy blue, a little violet, with a wide black border
asin 7. M-album. The primaries sometimes have the costal margin
a little reddish at the origin.

Secondaries with two tails; generally a small red spot at the
anal angle; sometimes a small white spot on the disk of the pri-
maries, in the male.

Under side dark, cinereous. Primaries traversed in the upper
half by two whitish rays, meeting at their lower extremity. Secon-
daries traversed to the middle by a white ray describing a sort of
M. Between this ray and the external edge there is another,
which is interrupted between the two tails by ared spot. Near

94 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the larger tail there is a bluish space, bordered interiorly with
black.

Southern States.
BoisD.

4, T. hyperici Boisd. et Lec. p. 90. T. favonius? Boisd. Figured in
Boisd. et Lec. pl. 28.

Probably a variety of 7. favonius. Upper side blackish-brown,
uniform in the female, a more obscure tint in the disk of the male,
forming a sort of indistinct spot.

The secondaries have two tails, of which the internal is the
longer. They are preceded by one or two fulvous crescents, sup-
ported by a black spot, separated from the fringe by a pale bluish-
gray ray. The edge of the anal spatule is also a little bordered
with fulvous.

The under side of the wings is ash-gray. The primaries are
traversed in their posterior half by two rather wavy rays, of which
the anterior one is white, bordered with reddish-brown, and the
other brown, feebly lined with whitish.

The secondaries are traversed by two white rays, shaded with
brown before. The anterior one is angular towards the anal angle,
and the other is interrupted between the two tails by a fulvous
spot, marked with black behind. The anal spatule is more widely
fulvous than above, and between this and the other fulvous spot
there is a space of pale blue. Besides these, the four wings have
at the origin of the fringe a small brownish line more or less appa-
rent, and the costal edge is a little marked with fulvous at its
origin.
Body like the wings; lower side of the head and the extremity
of the abdomen of the female a little fulvous. Antenne blackish,
with white rings; club tipped with reddish. Breast and under
side of abdomen white.

Larva above reddish, with three brown rays, of which one is on
the back. Lower side of abdomen, head and feet, green. Feeds
on Hypericum.

Chrysalis yellowish, with the rings of the abdomen a little violet,
marked with four rows of black points.

Southern States.—Expands a little over an inch.
Boisp.

THECLA. 95

5. T. falacer Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 633. TY. calanus Hiibn. Figured
in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 29, p. 92.

Upper side uniform brownish-black. Primaries with a small,
oval, grayish shining spot on the disk of the males. Secondaries
terminated by two small tails, a little whitish at the extremity, of
which the internal one is much the longer. At the base of these
tails, near the fringe, there is a small grayish-white line, sometimes
preceded by an indistinct fulvous spot. |

Under side ashy brown, with a short, geminate, bluish ray on
the disk of each wing. The primaries are traversed by two small
rays of bluish-white, shaded with brown on one of their sides, of
which the exterior is indistinct. The secondaries are traversed by
two similar rays which form an angle towards the abdominal edge.
Between the tails there is a fulvous spot, bordered with black on
the outer side, followed by one or two small spots of the same
color—an ashy blue space, bordered with a black spatule. The
anal emargination is also bordered with fulvous; a small white
marginal line at the fringe.

Body, like the wings; breast, with some bluish hairs ; abdomen
whitish. Antenne blackish, with white rings; club blackish.

Larva, which feeds on Crataegus, pale russety; a little greenish
on the sides, which are marked with oblique brown streaks; a
wide brown band on the back, which disappears on the middle
rings, where it is replaced by two parallel brown lines; the brown
band reappears on the posterior rings.

Chrysalis yellowish-brown, powdered with brown atoms,

Southern States.—Expands a little over an inch.
Boisp.

6. T. favonius? Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 635. TJ. melinus? Hiibn.
T. humuli Har. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 14. Boisd. et Lec. pl. 30.

Form and size of 7. falacer. ‘‘Upper side dusky brown, with
a tint of blue gray; and in the males there is an oval darker spot
near the front edge; the secondaries have two short thread-like
tails, the inner one the longer and tipped with white; along the
hind margin of these same wings is a row of little pale blue spots,
interrupted by a large orange-red crescent, inclosing a small black
spot; under side slate gray, with two wavy streaks of brown,
edged on one side with white; and on the secondaries an orange-

96 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

colored spot near the hind angle, and a larger spot of the same
color inclosing a black dot just before the tails. It expands one
inch and one-tenth.” Larva feeds on Humulus (Hop).

Harris, Ins. Mass., p. 217, ed. 1842.!

7. T. liparops Boisd. et Lec. p. 99. T. favonius Sm. Abb. Figured in
Boisd. et Lec. pl. 31.

Form and size of Z. falacer. Upper side clear brown; on the
disk of the primaries a fulvous, oblong spot, transversely disposed
and mingling more or less with the ground color. In the female?
this fulvous space ds preceded by a small black spot. \

Secondaries terminated by two tails, of which the internal is the
longer. Between these tails, usually a fulvous spot in the female.
In both sexes, there is a small black spot at the base of each tail,
separated from the fringe by a whitish or bluish ray. The anal
spatule is also marked by a blackish spot surmounted with a little
white.

Under side pale ash-gray; primaries traversed by four white
lines, more or less distinct, after uniting towards the lower edge.
Between these lines and the outer edge there is another sinuous
white line. Secondaries traversed by two double rays, of which
the anterior form a sharp angle below. Behind these rays, there
is a fulvous macular band, formed of from three to six spots, bor-
dered slightly with black. Anal spatule is marked with a little
black, and between it and the long tail there is a bluish space.

Under side of the body like the wings. Breast, abdomen below,
and feet grayish-white. Antenne black, with white rings; club
tipped with fulvous. ;

Larva yellowish-green, with a dorsal line and eight oblique
streaks of dark green. Marginal ray green, yellow below.

1 There is an almost inextricable confusion in the determination of these
species. J. humulus Harr. has been mistaken for 7. favonius Sm. Abb.,
but is different. Boisd. has figured this species as Ff. favonius in Boisd. et
Lec. pl. 30, but he is doubtful himself of its correctness. He says, “I am
by no means certain that Abbot’s Favonius is the same as the one I give.
BNE Savi After having carefully examined my specimens and attentively
compared them with the original drawings and notes of Abbot, I have
come to the conclusion that my Hyperici is the same as my Favonius....
and that TY. liparops is the true Favonius.”

THECLA. 97

Ohrysalis ash-gray, with two rows of blackish points on each
side of the abdominal rings.

Southern States.
Boisp.

8. T.iris Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 674. Figured in Boisd. et Lee.
pl. 31, p. 101.

Upper side of the male blackish-brown, with a small grayish
ovoid spot near the costal edge; the female is deeper brown, with
the extremity more or less russety.

Wings denticulate ; fringe whitish.

Under side brown, with a white transverse line, sinuous. Ex-
tremity of the wings a little russety, divided by an indistinct ray,
divided by the nervures. The extremity of the secondaries are
powdered with ash-gray, and divided by a transverse interrupted
line of brown purple, often marked by one or two small brown
spots. The base is slightly powdered with gray, and separated
from the tint of the middle by a wavy transverse line.

Larva, which feeds on Vaccinium, is yellowish-green, with two
dorsal interrupted rays; one laterai ray and eight oblique streaks
pale green. .

Chrysalis ferruginous, pubescent; two longitudinal obscure rays.

Georgia.—Expands an inch and an eighth.
GopDART.

9. T. arsace Boisd. et Lec. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 32, p. 103.

Same size as 7’. zrzs, and in some respects similar.

Upper side of the male brownish-black, with a small ovoid spot
near the costal edge; the female is deeper brown, with the ex-
tremity reddish-yellow, forming on the primaries a large spot
mingling with the ground color, and on the secondaries a smaller
spot situated near the analangle. Wings denticulate as in 7’ cris.

Under side brown, traversed in the middle by a sinuous brown
line; extremity of the primaries paler, divided by two transverse
rays more obscure and indistinct ; extremity of the secondaries is
powdered with gray as in 7. tris, divided by a row of indistinct
brownish spots, and forming nearly a curved ray.

Larva reddish; back white from the second to the ninth ring,
and divided by two parallel interrupted lines of obscure green.
Near the base of the feet, there is a marginal ray of the same color,

98 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

bordered with white below, and between that and the dorsal rays”
a row of seven or eight oblique streaks.
Chrysalis reddish before, and the wing envelopes greenish.
Southern States. ;

Boisp.

10. T. niphon Hibdn. Figured in Hibn. Zutr. fig. 203. Boisd. et Lec.
pl. 33, p. 105.

Size, color, and upper side markings of 7. tris and T. arsace.

Under side rather clear russety brown; the discoidal cellule of
the primaries has two black transverse streaks, and beyond the
middle a black sinuous ray edged with white, followed by a row of
black sagittate spots, uniting in a curved wavy line, separated
from the fringe by small grayish spaces. The secondaries are
traversed by two.tortuous black rays, of which the one towards the -
base is edged with white within and the.other with white without,
and connecting, with the ray of the primaries. Between these two
rays there is a black streak, and the outer one is followed by an
angular black ray, of which the posterior concavity is filled by a
pale tint, which separates it from a marginal purple line, more or
less mingling near the fringe, with an ashy tint.

Larva green, pubescent, with three longitudinal rays on the
back, the middle one pale yellow, the other two white. Near the
feet, usually a small marginal white line. Head brown. Feeds
on Pinus.

Chrysalis grayish, with four rows of small spots, of which the
two middle ones are blackish and indistinct, and the others ferru-
ginous.

Georgia and Florida.
Boisp.

ll. T. smilacis Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 33, p. 107.

Upper side blackish-brown, with a pale whitish spot near the
middle of the costal edge; the secondaries have two thin tails, as
in the analogous species.

Under side greenish, often washed with a little reddish, with a
transverse whitish ray sinuous on the primaries, tortuous on the
secondaries, bordered in front by a ferruginous tint. Between this
ray and the base, the secondaries have another short transverse
sinuous ray of the same color. The extremity is marked by two :
or three ashy crescents, of which the intermediary is black in front,

THECLA. 99

and the third in a line with two or three small ferruginous spots,
more or less distinct. The anal palette is black, and near the
fringe there is a small white marginal line.

Larva, which feeds on Smilax, is green, with the head and feet
blackish. It has four rows of -red spots, of which the two dorsal
are formed of smaller spots, and one on each side composed of
spots somewhat larger.

Chrysalis grayish-brown, with the abdomen more clear and
reddish.

Boisp.
12. T. sylvinus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 287.

Upper side brownish-black in both sexes, with a stigma on the
primaries of the male, and one or two fulvous spots near the anal
angle of the secondaries of the female.

Under side pale ashy, with a small discoidal spot on each wing,
and two sinuous striz of points of the same color towards the
extremity ; the anal angle of the secondaries with a space of bluish
ashy, preceded before the tail by a yellow lunule supported by a
black point. :

California.

Boisp.

13. T. auretorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 287.

Upper side blackish-brown, with a stigma on the primaries and
two obsolete fulvous spots towards the anal angle of the seconda-
ries. Under side brown, with two wavy rays on the secondaries,
blackish, indistinct, of which the posterior is nearly marginal and
supported in two small fulvous crescents; edge of the anal angle
black.

California.

Boisp.

14. T. saepium Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 287.

Upper side reddish-brown, without spots, in both sexes; the
male with a stigma on the primaries. Under side brown, a little
more pale towards the extremity, traversed a little beyond the
middle by a small white line, wavy, and near the extremity by a
line more obscure, obsolete, equally sinuous, blending towards the
anal angle of the secondaries into a grayish-blue space preceded
by a small black crescent. |

California,

Boisp.

100 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

15. T. grunus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 289.

Female; upper side brown, with the disk obscure fulvous, espe-
cially on the secondaries. Under side pale yellowish, traversed a
little beyond the middle by an indistinct ferruginous line. On the
right and left of the tail there is a small fulvous crescent, sur-
mounted by a blackish are. |

California.
Boisp.

16. T. iroides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me. sér. Xx, 289.

Upper side brown, without spots in the male, the disk:a little
ferruginous in the female, and angle of the secondaries deeply
emarginate. Under side brown. Under side of secondaries fer-
ruginous brown, sometimes a little vinous, with the base widely
obscure, and the extremity with a row of blackish points, more or
less distinct.

California.
Borsp.

17. T. eriphon Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 289.

Upper side brown, with the disk more or less marked with fer-
-ruginous. Under side paler brown; that of the primaries with a
small central point, an undulated ray, edged with white and mar-
ginal sagittate spots, blackish; that of the secondaries washed
with vinous red, and traversed by three black rays profoundly
sinuous, edged with white, of which the posterior is serrate, form-
ing sagittate spots.
California. Rare. 4
Borsp.

18. T. dumetorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 291.

Wings olive brown, without spots ; anal palette of the seconda-
ries nearly obsolete. Under side of primaries russety, a little
‘greenish; that of the inferiors greenish, with a transverse row of
small white points.

California.
Boisp..

19. T. damastus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 640. TT. damon Cram.
Figured in Cram. pl. 390, fig. C. D.

Upper side blackish-brown, with the disk fulvous.

THECLA. 101

Under side green, with two black bent lines, and bordered with
white to the extremities of the primaries ; with three similar lines,
but flexuous, on the surface of the secondaries. The anal angle
of secondaries has a suite of three small ocelli with a white iris.

Virginia. —Expands scarcely half an inch.
GoDART.

20. T. acis Drury. T. mars Fabr. T. ixion Fabr. Figured in Drury, I,
pi. 1, fic. 2.

Upper side. Primaries entirely dark brown, without any marks
or spots. Secondaries the same, with four tails, the inner ones
much longer than the others; close above which latter are two red
spots, edged at the bottom with black, and two more placed at
the anal angle. The ciliz white.

Under side. All the wings of a dark lead color. A very narrow
black and white line crosses the primaries, parallel to the external
edges; another indented irregular line crosses the secondaries,
beginning near the middle of the anterior edge, and meeting just
below the extremity of the body. Four long reddish spots are
very visible on this side, below which are four black ones.

Jamaica.—Drury gives New York as its habitat. Doubtful.

21. T. strigosa Harr. MS.

‘The streaked Zhecla has a long and a short tail on each of the
hind wings, and is of a dark brown color, without spots on the
upper side; the wings beneath are ornamented with wavy trans-
verse white streaks, and near the hind margin of the posterior
wings is a row of deep orange-colored crescents, with a large blue
spot near the hindmost angle. It measures 1, inches across the
wings. In the markings of the under side of tie wings it nearly
resembles 7. liparops.”’

Massachusetts.

Harris MS.

22. T. aubumiana Harris MS.

The outermost of the tails is very short, and often nothing re-
mains of it but a little tooth on the edge of the wing. It varies
considerably in color; the females are generally deep brown above,
but sometimes the wings are rust-colored or tawny in the middle,
as they always are in the males; the oval opaque spot which

102 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

characterizes the latter sex is ochre yellow. Upon the wnder side,
the wings in both sexes are green, the anterior pair tinged with
brown from the middle to the inner edge; externally, next to the
fringe, they are all margined by a narrow wavy white line, bor-
dered internally with brown; at some distance from the posterior
margin is another broader white line, or series of contiguous spots,
bordered internally with brown; this line, on the fore wings, does
not reach the inner margin; on the hind wings it consists of six
spots arranged in a zigzag manner, and the last spot, next to the
inner margin, is remote from the rest; besides these, there are on
the same wings three more white spots bordered with brown, be-
tween the zigzag band and the base ; and between the same band
and the margin three black spots, behind the middle one of which
is a rust-red spot with a black centre. The wings expand from
13, to 1y> inch. This pretty species is found on the mouse-ear
(Gnaphalium plantagineum) in May, and on the flowers of the
spearmint in August.

Massachusetts.
Harris MS.

23. T. mopsus Hibn. Figured in Hiibn. Zutr. fig. 135. Boisd. et Lec.
pl. 34, p. 109.

Upper side of the male blackish-brown, with the usual ovoid
‘spot on the costal edge. The female is more dull, without the
costal spot, but with one or two yellow lunulate spots towards the
anal angle of each wing. The secondaries are without tails.

Under side of the male is grayish-brown, traversed by a row of
black points circled with white, followed on the secondaries by a
marginal band of reddish and somewhat macular, and on the
primaries by a second row of black points lightly circled with
white.

Under side of the female is a little more clear. The series of
ocellated spots is preceded in the secondaries by a discoidal black
streak circled with white; the red marginal band is more sensibly
edged with white in front, and continues a little on the primaries,
where it replaces the second row of black points on the male.

Larva, which feeds on Hupatorium celestinum, is greenish, with
the back a little more whitish. The anterior and dorsal part has
a brownish quadrangular space, bifid behind, and marked with
four white spots. The three hind rings have a wide white border,
edged with brown. Head and feet brownish.

NYMPHIDIA. 103

Chrysalis resembles that of Smilacis, but differs in having on
each side a row of yellow ferruginous points.
Southern States.—Expands an inch and a half.

Boisp.

24. T. poeas Hiibn. T.beon Godt. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 35,
p. 109.

Upper side blackish-brown, with the base of the primaries and
the extremity, or even the whole of the secondaries, pale blue.
Some specimens have the base of the primaries entirely blackish,
and sometimes even all the wings, without any traces of the blue.
The secondaries have tails, white at the summit. Some, which
have the extremity blue, have a row of small marginal, unequal
lunules, blackish-brown.

Under side is russety gray.

Southern States.
Boisp.

25. T. augustus Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV, 298. Figured in Kirby, Faun.
Bor. Amer. IV, pl. 3.

Antenne annulated with white; knob elongated; wings dusky
black, with a dull ferruginous disk; fringe alternately white and
black; secondaries underneath black at the base; at the apex
dusky ash-colored, with a transverse series of about eight black
spots, rudiments of which appear on the lower surface of the
primaries.

Canada.—Expands one inch.
KIRBY.

Fam. IX. ERYCINIDAHE.

_Larva very short, pubescent or hairy. Chrysalis short,
contracted. Perfect insect ; nearly constantly six feet in the
females and four in the male. Abdominal edge of the secon-
daries not prominent. Discoidal cellule sometimes open,
sometimes closed, and sometimes closed apparently by a
false nervure. Hooks of the tarsi extremely small.

NYMPHIDIA Fas. Lrycina Latr.

Head of the width of the thorax; antenne long, annulate with
whitish, terminated by a small elongated club; palpi short,

(104 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

straight, scarcely extending beyond the eyes; thorax slender,
rather long; abdomen a little shorter than the secondaries ; the
four wings rounded ; discoidal cellule of the secondaries open;
six feet in the female, four in the male.

1. N. pumila Boisp. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 37, p. 181.

Upper side reddish ferruginous, with wavy, blackish, flexuous
lines, nearly macular. Besides these black lines, the extremity
has two others of a black lead color, separated by a row of black
points, of which the internal.one is strongly sinuous. Under side
fulvous yellow, with the transverse lines more macular. Body
above ferruginous, below yellowish.

Georgia—Florida.
Boisp.

LEMONIAS Ixt.

flead hairy; eyes naked. Antenne rather long, slender; club
long, slender. Primaries more or less triangular; costal margin
nearly straight; apical angle subacute, post-costal vein with only
three branches. Secondaries subovate; post-costal curved at its
base, forked at a moderate distance from the base. Fore legs of
the males very small, densely clothed with soft silky hairs; fore
lees of the females longer, slender, scaly ; tarsus armed beneath
with some short spines at the tips of the joints. Four hind legs
long, slender, scaly. Tibiz not armed beneath with spines. Nails

and appendages minute.

1. L. mormo Felder. Wiener Entom. Monatschrift, III, No. 9, 271.

Wings subrepand ; cilis widely intersected with white, above
obscurely fuscous, beneath paler. Primarzes on both sides ferru-
ginous fulvous from the base to the disk, with two basal points, a
third larger, internal, a discal spot, a macular band, sinuate and
seven points, submarginal, surrounded with black and white, the
disk paler and the submarginal points much larger, elongate,
spotted with black, veins fulvous,

Secondaries a little fulvescent above the base, with two points,
marked with white; two discal spots, one larger, the external band
macular, much interrupted, repand, minute white spots surrounded

HESPERIA. 105

with white, beneath much paler; costa white at the base, the spots
and points of the upper surface, but much larger and nearly con-
fluent. Antenne annulated with white. Thorax and abdomen
black above, below with the palpi and feet whitish.

Utah.

FELDER.

Fam. X. HESPERIDAE.

Larva cylindric, without spines; first ring small, head
prominent. Chrysalis cylindroid, elongate, hardly angular.
Perfect insect; head wide, transverse. Antenne often ter-
minated by a hook. Palpi short, last article very small.

HESPERIA Liny.

Head broad; body robust. Labial palpi compressed in front
and incurved, with the sides convex and angulated. Antenne of
moderate length or elongate, straight, slender, with a subterminal
club, tip hooked. Primaries elongated triangular; apical mar-
gin, more or less convex; costal margin not reflexed, and the
disk in the males not marked with the oblique silky patch; often
marked with pellucid spots. Secondaries subtriangular, with the
outer and anal angles rounded, or with the outer margin rounded
and sometimes dentated. Anal angle not produced into a promi-
nent lobe or short tail, and the disk beneath not marked with
silvery spots.

1. H. cellus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 73.

Wings brown; primaries with a broad yellow band across the
middle, the top of which is whitish; a whitish spot at the upper
edge. Secondaries without spots on the disk. Fringe dull yel-
low or greenish, more distinct on the upper angle of the seconda-
ries. Under side paler; markings of primaries the same, except
that lower edge is yellow. Secondaries with two bands of deep
brown. | | ;

United States. Expands two inches,

Boisp.

106 , LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. H. lycidas Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IV, 751. Figured in Boisd. et Lec.
plwl.

Wings deep brown, a little yellowish near the base; primaries
with four or five yellow spots, forming a short irregular band;
between this band and the summit are two or three points of the
same color. Secondaries without spots.

Under side of primaries with a yellow band, narrow at the costal
edge, widening downwards but not reaching to the lower edge;
beyond this, is an interrupted line of yellow spots and a pale
purple streak.

Under side of secondaries ash-gray, a large silvery spot on the
outer edge, surmounted by two points of the same color: fringe
white and brown.

United States. Expands two inches.
Boisp.

3. H. proteus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 730. Figured in Boisd. et Lec.
pl. 69. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 39. Cram. pap. pl. 260. Clerck, Icon. Ins.
pl. 42.

Wings brown; light green at the base of the primaries, and
covering half of the secondaries. Primaries, with four or five
white spots oblong or square, and an arcuated line of white points
intersected by the nerves. Secondaries extending to long tails.
Body greenish above.

Under side purplish brown; markings similar to the upper ex-
cept the black border of the spots and arc on the primaries, and
two interrupted narrow bands on the secondaries.

United States.—Expands over two inches.
Boisp.

4, H. bathyllus Sm. Abd. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 22. Boisd. et Lec.
pl. 74.

Wings deep brown, with a narrow, interrupted transverse band
of white on the primaries, and three small dots intersected by the
nerves, near the summit. Secondaries without spots.

Under side paler, with dark brown narrow bands on the secon-
daries.

United States. Expands two inches.
Boisp.

HESPERIA. 107

5. H. sylvanus Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313.

Upper side fulvous, with yellowish spots, of which one is situated
towards the base; the others forming behind the middle a trans-
verse and flexuous range. These spots are more apparent in the
female; the male has on the primaries a black, wide, oblique
streak. ;

‘ Under side greenish fulvous, but more bright in the middle of
the primaries and at the internal angle of the secondaries, with
pale yellowish spots. Secondaries with five spots. Body above
pale fulvous, below whitish. Antenne, annulate with whitish;
club, terminated with a black hook; ferruginous below.

California and Europe.

Bolsp.
a

6. H. sylvanoides Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313.

Size and form of H. sylvanus. Upper side of the male like Z.
sylvanus, except that near the oblique black spot there is a black-
ish streak which appears to be a prolongation of it, and there are
not at the extremity near the border the three or four points a
little paler than the ground, which are found in H. sylvanus.

Under side of the female has on the disk a black triangular spot,
followed by a small white transparent spot, the summit with three
yellow points. Secondaries a little sinuous, with the border deep,
the base widely blackish. Under side pale yellow, sometimes a
little grayish on the secondaries, and not of a bright yellowish-
green as in HH. sylvanus.

California.
Boisp.

7. H.nemorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 314.

Upper side of the male as in H. sylvanoides, the border a little
wider, the mark of the primaries also wider, prolonged by a streak
to the summit.

Under side deep yellow; that of the secondaries without spots ;
that of the primaries paler in the middle, with the impression of the
mark of the opposite surface. 7

California.
: Boisp.

108 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

8. H. agricola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 314.

Upper side blackish ; that of the primaries having the mark pro-
longed to the summit by a blackish streak, a transverse row of
yellow points between the border and this mark. That of the
secondaries with the black border rather wide, and the base more
or less brown. °

Under side of the primaries yellow, with the mark less definite
than above; that of the secondaries yellow, with a kind of trans-
verse band, nearly median, of a paler tone.

California.

Botsp.
s

9. H. pratincola Goisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 315.

Upper side bright yellow, nearly without border, having only in
certain males some blackish triangular streaks on the nerves; that
of the primaries with the mark as in H. .sylvanus, ordinarily sur-
mounted towards the summit with a blackish streak more or less
distinct.

Under side uniform yellow ; that of the primaries having towards
the summit, on the edge, a small spot a little paler than the ground;
that of the secondaries without spots. Female larger, with a ser-
rate blackish border; that of the primaries having an oblique,
blackish ray, surmounted towards the summit by a spot of the
same color. Under side of the primaries nearly as in the male;
that of the secondaries with a transverse, irregular row of spots
paler than the ground color.

California.

Boisp.
10. H. ruricola Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 315.

Wings a little sinuous, yellow, with a small brown border; pri-
maries with the mark distinct as in H. sylvanus, marked longitu-
dinally with a small whitish line.

Under side yellow, with all the surface of the secondaries and
the summit of the primaries greenish.

California.

Boisp.

ll. H. campestris Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 316.

This species is distinguished from all the other California spe-
cies, by the large truncated spot, which forms the mark of the

HESPERIA. 109

primaries. Figure and size of H. nemorum. Wings yellow, with
a rather wide brown border; fringe pale yellow. Primaries of the
male marked at the summit, with two or three points of the ground
color. Secondaries with the disk more or less marked with black
in the middle.

Under side rather pale yellow, nearly uniform; that of the pri-
maries marked at the summit with three small paler spots; that of
the secondaries with a transverse line of similar small spots.

. California.
Boisp.

12. H. sabuleti Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 316.

Wings of nearly the same yellow as in #. sylvanus, with a rather
wide brown border, serrate on the primaries; the latter having the
mark shorter and more truncate than in #7. sylvanus, joined to a
grayish spot; under side paler yellow, with a row of brown streaks
slightly sagittate ; that of the inferiors with a row of similar streaks
towards the base. Female larger. Under side paler; that of the
primaries, between the border and the disk, with a row of spots
paler than the ground color.

California.
Boisp.

13. H.? vestris Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 317.

Upper side russety brown; that of the primaries with four small
white spots somewhat transparent, of which two are punctiform,
near the upper edge ; the two others larger, in the ramifications of
the median nerve; that of the secondaries without spots. Under
side duller, a little more grayish, with the same spots as above.

California.
Boisp.

14. H. comma Lin. Syst. Nat.

Resembles H. sylvanus, but the under side is more greenish and
spotted with white. These spots are nine in number, three towards
the base, the six others forming a bent row behind the middle.
Fringe white, spotted with black below. Club of the antennz
terminated below by a large ferruginous point.

California and Europe.
Borsp.

110 - LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERIGA.

[The following descriptions of new species have been kindly
furnished by Mr. Samuel Scudder, of Boston. They were found
among Dr. Harris’ MSS., and are to appear in the new edition of
his work on the insects of New England injurious to vegetation.
Not having seen the species, I have placed them all provisionally
under this genus.—J. G. M.] © |

15. H. hobomok Harris MS.

Dark brown above; on each of the wings a large tawny yellow ~
spot, occupying the greater part of the middle, four or five minute
spots of the same color near the tips of the fore wings, on which is
also a short brownish line at the outer extremity of the central
mesh ; wnder stde of the fore wings similar to the upper, but paler;
hind wings brown beneath, with a yellow dot near the shoulder,
and a very broad deep yellow band which does not attain the inner
margin, and has a tooth-like projection extending towards the
hinder edge. The male has not the usual distinguishing oblique
dash on the fore wings, which differ from those of the female only
in the greater size of the tawny portion, which extends to the front
margin.

Massachusetts.

Harris MSS.

16. H. leonardus Harris MS.

Dark brown above; fore wings of the male tawny yellow on the
front margin from the base to beyond the middle; behind this
tawny portion is a short black line, and behind the latter a row of
contiguous tawny spots extending from the middle to the inner
edge towards the tip, the spots at this extremity small and sepa-
rated from the others; fore wings in the female without the tawny —
front edge and black line; hind wings in both sexes with a central
curved, tawny yellow band; wings beneath bright red-brown; the
first pair blackish from the middle to the inner edge, and spotted
as on the upper side; hind wings with a yellow dot in the middle,
and a curved row of seven bright yellow spots behind it.

Massachusetts. Expands inch and a half.
Harris MSS.

17. H. sassacus Harris MS.

Dark brown above; all the wings with a tawny yellow spot occu-
pying the greater part of the middle of each, and with two or three

HESPERIA. 111

little detached spots of the same color near the extremity of the
first pair; beneath, ochre yellow, with small pale yellow spots near
the tip, corresponding to those on the upper side of the fore wings,
and on the hind wings seven small square pale yellow spots, namely,
one before the middle and the others in pairs behind it.

‘Massachusetts. —Expands one and a quarter inch.
Hargis MSS.

18. H. metacomet Harris MS.

Dark brown, slightly glossed with greenish-yellow above; the
male with a short oblique black line on the middle of the fore
wings, on both sides of which in the female are two yellowish dots
on the middle, and two more near the front margin and tip; hind
wings, beneath, with a transverse row of four very faint yellowish
dots, which, however, are often wanting.

Massachusetts. Expands one three-tenths of an inch.

Harris MSS.

19. H. ahaton Harris MS.

Dark brown above; fore wings in the male tawny before the
middle from the base’ nearly to the tip, the tawny portion ending
externally in three minute wedge-shaped spots; on the middle an
oblique velvet black line, near the outer extremity of. which are
two or three small tawny spots ; wnder side spotted as above; hind
wings without spot above; of a greenish or dusky yellow tinge
below, with a transverse curved row of four minute yellowish dots,
which are often very faint or entirely wanting. In the female there
is a tawny dash along the front margin of the fore wings, and the
oblique black line is wanting, but the other spots are larger and
more distinct.

Massachusetts. —Expands from one to one and one-tenth inch.

HARRIS.

20. H. wamsutta Harris MS.

Dark brown above; fore wings with a broken row of small tawny
spots towards the tip, and in the males a large tawny patch, cover-
ing the whole of the fore part of the wings from the base to the
middle, and an oblique curved black line behind it; hind wings
with a small tawny dot before the middle, and an indented tawny
band or row of contiguous unequal spots; under side of the fore

112 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings light brown, and with larger yellow spots than on the other
side; hind wings light brown, with two large irregular bright yel-
low spots, connected in the middle, and covering nearly the whole
surface. bial

Massachusetts.—Expands nearly an inch. ;
Harris MSS.

GONILOBA Westwoop.

Head occasionally clothed with red hairs; labial palpi as seen
from above, forming two short square projections in front of the
face. Antenne with a long and slender club, the terminal half of
which is reflexed, forming a slender hook, acute at the tip. Pri-
maries long, triangular, generally marked on the disk with semi-
pellucid spots. Apical margin entire, slightly convex towards the
apex; discoidal cell long and narrow. Secondaries large, sub-
triangular; outer angle rounded, outer margin slightly scalloped,
‘spotted with black. Anal angle produced into a short tail turned
outwards or into an obtuse point. Upper disk of the wings often
unspotted, but the base is yellowish or metallic-colored. Lower
disk often varied with silvery patches.

1. G. tityrus F. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 72. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 19.

Wings brown; primaries with a transverse semi-transparent band
across the middle, and a few spots towards the tip, of a honey yel-
low color; secondaries, with a short, round obtuse tail on the anal
angle.

Under side of primaries similar to that above ; that of the secon-
daries has a broad silvery band, edged with black. Margin of all
the wings below a little paler, with the nerves black. Fringe
yellow and brown.

Larva, which feeds on Robinia, ‘‘is pale green, transversely
streaked with dark green, with a red neck, a very large head
roughened with minute tubercles, slightly indented or furrowed
above, and of a dull red color, with a large yellow spot on each
side of the mouth.” .

United States.—Expands two and a half inches,
HARRIS.

GONILOBA. 113

2. G. yuccae Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 70.

Wings brown, lighter at the base; primaries, with a yellow spot
near the centre, a broad irregular bali and two oblong spots of
.the same color near the summit.

The secondaries have four square yellow Aline or a macular ray.
Fringe broad, yellow and brown, that of the secondaries brighter.

Under side of primaries bluish on the outer edge; the yellow
band interrupted by brown, and a whitish spot near the anal angle.
Upper edge with an ashy streak, one end of which is furcate.

The female is destitute of the spots on the secondaries; the band
on the primaries is not so broad. Body paler than the wings.

Southern States. —Hxpands nearly three inches.
Borsp.

3. G. olynthus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 75.

Wings blackish-brown, paler on the middle of the secondaries.
Primaries with six or seven unequal white spots. Secondaries
with three or four white spots or a macular white ray.

Under side ochry, except the lower part of the primaries ; mark-
ings similar to those of the upper side. Secondaries without spots.
Thorax greenish ; abdomen brown above, whitish below; pectus
pale green.

United States.—Hxpands two inches.
Boisp.

4. G. antoninus Latr. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 746.

Club of the antenne yellowish, abruptly terminating in a sharp
hook. Opper side of the body and wings blackish. Primaries
with six or seven yellowish transparent spots from the middle to
the summit, of which the one near the middle of the upper edge
and two or three others are in the form of small lengthened points
near the summit; the others are below, and fisponest in an oblique
line.

Under side the disk is deeper black, and the upper edge from
the base to near the middle is yellowish-gray. On the middle of
the secondaries there is a transverse range of two small spots,
sometimes square, sometimes nearly punctiform, yellowish and
vitreous, sometimes obsolete.

Under side of secondaries is grayish or yellowish from the base

114 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

to near the middle; then, of a reddish-brown, with the portion of
the outer edge contiguous to the outer angle, paler or cinereous.
California—Brazil—Surinam.
: Gopt.

NISONIADES Hosy.

Hlead and thorax broad, abdomen elongated. Antenne with
the club somewhat fusiform, elongate, curved, with the tip gradu-
ally acuminated ; that of the males larger and more slender than
that of the females. Labial palpi very hirsute. Primaries divari-
rating and horizontally extended when at rest, with the costal
margin often recurved in the males. Apical margin entire, fringe
not spotted. Secondaries broadly triangular, with the outer and
anal angles rounded. Fringe not scalloped, nor spotted. Hind

legs with the middle spurs distinct.

1. N. juvenalis Sm. Abb. ‘Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 65. Sm. Abb.
I, pl. 20.

Wings deep brown; primaries with a number of black spots, a
white spot on the cellule, and an interrupted curved line of white
points, three or four of which are near the costal edge. Seconda-
ries dull brown, with two or three curved rows of paler points.

Under side of the primaries very similar to the upper; seconda-
ries with several spots near the upper edge.

United States. —Expands an inch and a half.
Boisp.

2. N. brizo Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 66.

Wings blackish-brown; primaries with two broad transverse
pale bluish lines, edged with black, serrated; on the outer edge, a
row of yellowish points. Secondaries with two curved rows of
similar points.

Under side of all the wings with two rows of yellowish spots
near the lower edge.

The female, besides the bands on the primaries, has a zigzag
yellowish transverse near the outer edge.

Southern States. —Hxpands an inch and a half.
Boisp.

CYCLOPAEDES. 115

3. N. catullus Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 777. Figured in Sm. Abb. I,
pl. 24. “

Small; body black, head white. Wings deep black, with a
transverse line of white points near the posterior edge; primaries,
with other small points of this color, fewer in number on the under
side, and that of the secondaries.

Var. Wings without spots on the upper side; secondaries with
only one white point before the ray formed by the others; in some
specimens the spots fail entirely.

Southern States.

AxBpor.
4, N.Vherminier Godt. Uncyc. Method. IX, 777. N. pygmxa? Fab.

Antenne black, with the rings and a part of the under side of
the club whitish; terminal hook brown. Wings blackish, but
paler below, inclining to ashy and without spots.

Carolina.—Expands nine lines.

GODART.

5. N. tristis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me gér, Ve

Figure and size of WV. juvenalis. Wings blackish-brown, with
the fringe of the secondaries white. Primaries with some black
undulations, on the middle a small whitish point, then a bent line
of six similar points, separated into two groups, the one of four
near the upper edge, the other of two, beyond the median nerve.

Under side paler than the opposite. In this species, as in WV.
juvenalis, the small points are placed on the most obscure little
bands.

California.

Boisp.

CYCLOPAEDES Huvsy.

Head as broad as the thorax ; labial palpi remote, hirsute, por-
rected, as low as the head; terminal joint very minute, conical,
nearly concealed by the hairs of the preceding joint. Antenne
short, club stout, slightly curved, not hooked at the tip, which is
obtuse. Wings erect when at rest. Primaries long, fringe entire.
Disk dark brown, with orange-colored spots, alike in both sexes.
Secondaries short, entire; spotted on the primaries. Hind legs

116 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with the tibiee destitute of a pair of spurs in the middle. Abdo-
men, especially in the males, long and slender, with the tip slightly
tufted.

1. C. coras Cram. OC. aesculapius F. C. otho? Sm. Abb. Figured in
Boisd. et Lec. pl. 77. Sm. Abb. pl. I, pl. 31. Cram. pap. 3, pl.
31, fem.

Small, blackish, with the body and base covered with yellowish
hairs. Antenne russety above, whitish or paler below, with the
rings black. Wings traversed on both sides by a russety yellow
band, formed by a suite of spots. Upper side of secondaries with
a russety spot near the centre; wnder side with an arcuate band of
spots. Male; the base of the primaries is russety yellow, which
is divided in the form of striz; the blackish line, in the form of a
cicatrice, is bordered outwardly by a deep black line. On the
under side, the spots are paler and mingle with the yellow. Along
the posterior edge a row of small, round, indistinct spots.

Southern States.
GoDART.

PAMPHILA Fas.

Head very broad in the ma'es; thorax robust ; abdomen as long
as the secondaries. Labial palpi porrect, short, densely hairy,
remote. Antenne terminated by a thick, nearly straight club,
generally with a short slender hook. Primaries alone erect in
repose. Apical margin convex in males, fringe entire, not alter-
nated in its colors. Disk in the males in many species marked
with an oblique velvety patch of scales. Secondaries broadly tri-
angular, outer and anal angles rounded, slightly truncated near the
anal angle; margin entire. Discoidal vein nearly obliterated.

1. P. zabulon Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 76.

Wings brown, but this color almost displaced on the primaries
by ochre yellow; a yellow mark on the brown external border.
Secondaries with a large circular yellow spot on the disk. Under
stde ochry, with irregular brown spots and streaks, the latter pro-
ceeding from the base.

Southern States. —Expands a little over an inch.
GoDART.

PAMPHILA. 117

2. P. origenes F. E. 8. III, p. 329. P. cernes Boisd. Figured in Boisd.
et Lec. pl. 76.

Wings greenish-brown ; primaries pale orange at the base, ex-
tending along the costal and lower edges ; a spot near the middle.

Under side of primaries similar to the upper; that of the secon-
daries greenish-yellow. Thorax greenish; upper side of abdomen
ochry.

United States.—Expands a little over an inch.
Boisp.

3. P. arpa Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 68.

Wings blackish-brown, with half of the primaries lighter; a dark
band commencing on the middle of the lower edge, and extending
obliquely towards the summit, and forming an acute angle with an
indistinct streak proceeding from the base.

The disk of the secondaries is lighter than the borders. Under
side of all the wings ochry yellow, with darker lines proceeding
from the base, contiguous on the primaries, forming a dark brown
space, which bears two ochry spots.

Southern States.—Expands nearly two inches.
GoDART.

4. P. bulenta Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 67.

Wings deep brown, occupying the whole extent excepting the
half of the costal rim and the outer edge, with honey yellow. Near
the summit, a curved streak of brown extending into the yellow
field.

The secondaries have two long oval yellow spots; the lower one
the smaller. .

Fringes yellow; sides of the thorax and of the abdomen the
same color.

Under side paler; summit of the primaries pale orange; lower
edge blackish, interrupted by yellow.

The primaries of the female are traversed by an irregular yellow
band, interrupted near the summit, where it forms a large round
spot. The secondaries have but one large roundish yellow spot.

Southern States.—Hxpands nearly two inches.
GODART.

118 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. P. brettus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 75.

Wings dark brown, greenish towards the base; primaries with
seven or eight yellow irregular spots, forming a curved macular
band.

Under side of primaries pale brown, clearer towards the outer
edge, sprinkled with pale dots.

Under side of secondaries pale green, with irregular darker spots.

Southern States. Expands one inch.
GoDART.

GiGee arogos Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 76.

Wings blackish-brown; more than half of the primaries pale
yellow, with a thin short line of brown near the centre. The
secondaries, with a cuneiform spot on the middle. Fringe yellowish.

Under side of all the wings greenish, and destitute of spots.

The primaries of the female have fine pale yellow streaks on the
costal edge, below which there is a furéate streak. Secondaries
without spots.

Southern States. —Expands an inch.
GoDART.

7. P. phyleus Boisd. Figured in Boisd. et Lec. pl. 78.

Wings deep brown; primaries varied with yellow, forming an
irregular, angular, interrupted band towards the outer margin of
the primaries; along club-shaped yellow mark proceeding from
the base, with a brown streak in the centre of it, and a yellow line
near the costal edge. Secondaries with five cuneiform spots,
forming a curved row, the second of which is long and reaching to
the base, besides a narrow yellow line extending from the base to
near the anal angle.

Under side ochry yellow; primaries with sagittate brown spots
near the outer edge, and a large irregular spot at the base.

The female is ochry yellow, with all the edges covered with
cuneiform brown spots, as well as the disk of the primaries and
the upper edge of the secondaries, some of which are furcate.

Southern States. —Expands over an inch. |
GoDART.

a
8. P. leseur Godt. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 748.

Wings black ; ordinary spots of the primaries and those in the
form of points on the secondaries of a transparent white; that of
the four anterior spots of the primaries which is nearest the upper

PAMPHILA. 119

edge, is emarginate at each end; those of the secondaries are in
the form of points, of which one is isolated, nearly central, and the
four others below, in a transverse row; the antepenultimate is the
largest; beyond the extremity of this series, there is a fifth, very
small and indistinct. Wings finely bordered with white.

United States.

GoDART.

9. P. thaumas fab. H.§. III, 327. LP. origenes Fab. Foemina?

Small, brownish-black ; anterior half of the primaries, excepting
the internal edge, fulvous. The black line of the middle, common
to the males, is surmounted at its interior extremity with a fulvous
point, and divided abruptly at its posterior edge from the adjacent
portion of the surface by a linear incision, followed by a depression;
between this depression and the edge and nearly in a transverse
line, are four small fulvous points, of which the inferior is a little
larger and isolated, and the others in a small line. The female
has in this place some white and transparent points, varying from
six to eight, but the three superior are constant.

United States.
GoDART.

10. P. drurii Godé. Encyc. Méthod. IX, 767.

Very similar to P. thaumas. Primaries blackish, with a trans-
verse row of fulvous spots. The male has only two, of which the
interior is divided into two unequal parts; the black line and dis-
tinctive of the sex form only an oblong point; it is terminated
behind by the lowest of the preceding spots. Between the nerves
there are two spaces, of which the scales are elevated in the form
of finely striated pencils. Secondaries of a glossy russety brown;
under side more dull, traversed by a ray of small pale yellowish
spots, obsolete in some specimens.

United States.

GopDART.

This species approaches very nearly the P. vitellius Sm. Abb. I,
pl. 17. It is also probably the same as d:on Fab. Suppl. Ent.
Syst. p. 432. Another species analogous to the preceding as
well as to P. thaumas, Fab. names exclamationis Ent. Syst. tom.
III, pars 1, p. 326, No. 232. Wings, as well as body, blackish ;
primaries with a yellowish linear spot, and a point of the same

color on the under side.
GopART.

120 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERIGA.

ll. P. peckii Kirby. Faun. Bor. IV,300. Figured in Kirby, Faun. Amer.
Bor. IV, pl. 4.

Body brown, paler on the under side. Antenne rufous above ;
below the joints a white patch. Knob fusiform, hooked; wings
above tawny brown, with an articulated angular band common to
both wings, of pale yellow. Primaries striped and streaked with
the same color near the base and in the costal area; underneath,
the wings paler. Primaries have nearly the same marks as above;
on the secondaries, the angular band is surmounted by another
irregular spot, so as to form two contiguous spots, or rather one
large irregular didymous one.

Canada,

Kirby.

12. P. numitor fab. HE. 5. III, 324. Figured in Hiibn. Zutr. f. 275.

The smallest of the family. Antenne black, rings white, ter-
minating in a small point. Body black above, white below ; upper
side of all the wings blackish, but glossed for the greatest extent,
with shining yellow; wnder side of primaries blackish, with the
outer edge and summit yellowish ; wnder sede of secondaries yel-
lowish, with the outer edge blackish.

United States.

GoDART.

18. P. vitellius Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 17.

Head and thorax of males clothed with greenish, fulvous hairs;
club of antennz fulvous, stem brown; primaries tawny above, with
slender black veins; in the centre of the disk a large black oval
spot, the anterior part of which as well as the base within are
velvety, and the remainder silky. Outer margin broadly brown
and uninterrupted, although irregularly notched within; two small
connected, transverse, fulvous spots near the tip, separating a part
of the dark border from the rest. Secondaries above darker tawny,
with black veins and a broad irregularly notched dusky border all
around the wings, broken near the anal angle by a longitudinal
streak of orange, running to the margin. Wings beneath pale
tawny; base of primaries black, with brownish tips, preceded by
two small transverse patches of paler buff color, the upper one
farthest from the tip. Secondaries marked along the margins with
some slight dusky spots, indicating the dark border of the upper

SYRICHTHUS. 121

side; a dusky spot in the middle of the disk; under side of the
head and breast pale buff.
United States.—Expands an inch and a quarter.

SYRICHTHUS BDotsp.

Body robust; abdomen not extending beyond the anal angle of
the secondaries; terminal joint of the palpi inclined; posterior
tibia with two pairs of spurs. Usually dark brown, with nume-
rous translucent angular and square whitish spots, either in rows
or scattered.

1. S. oilus Linnd. Syst. Nat. 1,795. S. tartarus Hiibn. SS. syrichthus
Fab. SS. orchus Cram. Figured in Westw. Brit. Butterflies, pl. 38.

Wings rounded; primaries varied with black and white. Secon-
daries beneath cinereous, with waved black streaks. Antenne

black, club cinereous beneath.
WeEstwoop.

2. S. ruralis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 311.

Wings black, with two white spots between the base and the
transverse band of the primaries; secondaries with two bands of
spots. Under side of the secondaries mingled with white and
brown, the middle and the extremity having a kind of band or
brownish shade, with obsolete spots between these two spaces.

California.
; Boisp.

3. S. caespitalis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 312.

Wings black, with two small white spots between the base and
transverse bands of the primaries; secondaries have on the middle
a small macular band. Under side of secondaries with a narrow
median band, continuous, serrate ; no white spots at the base.

California.
Boisp.

4, S. scriptura Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313.

Small; the white spots small ; two white spots between the base
and the transverse band of the primaries. Under side of seconda-
ries whitish, with the white spots distinct.

California.
Boisp.

122, LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. S. ericetorum Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 313.

Upper side of the male white, a little sulphury, having no other
markings than a festooned terminal line, forming a row of small
sagittate spots, resting on a black line at the root of the fringe ;
at the summit of the superiors the small spots form two or three
rows. Under side of the wings white; that of the secondaries
with two brownish bands, the one covering a part of the base, and
the other at the extremity. Upper side of the female blackish,
with two white transverse bands; the first in the middle, wide,
sinuous, irregular; the second, much more narrow, formed of small
sagittate spots, except that which is on the upper edge of the
primaries, which is quadrangular, and cut by the nerves.

California.
Boisp.

Seo. IT. HETEROCERA.

Antenne variable; prismatic, pectinate, serrate, moniliform
or filiform. Wings never erect when at rest: the posterior
pair frequently frenate. Ocelli generally present. Flight
sometimes diurnal, sometimes crepuscular, more frequently
nocturnal.

Fam. I. EPIALIDAE.

Proboscis short or none. Palpi obsolete. Antennze moni-
liform, scarcely longer than the width of the head. Thorax
not crested. Abdomen not barbate. Wings deflected, long,
narrow, nearly equal. Primaries opaque, secondaries semi-
hyaline.

EPIALUS Fas.
Antenne shorter than the thorax, moniliform, inserted at the
anterior and lateral part of the head, a little above the eyes. Palpi
indistinct. Proboscis spiral, but slightly apparent. Wings elon-

gated, rather narrow, tectiform. Body more or less pilose—the
last abdominal segment of the female forming an elongated oviduct

COSSUS. 123

or sort of tail. Legs simple, more or less pilose. Tarsi composed
of five articles, of which the last is terminated by two small hooks.
The larva lives in the ground, and feeds on the roots of plants. It
is white or reddish-white, soft and naked, or slightly downy, with
a brown, horny head; a spot on the forepart of the body, brown
and hard; sixteen legs. Cocoons imperfect, sometimes made of
silk, sometimes of morsels of wood or grains fastened together by

gummy silk.

1. E. argenteo-maculatus JZarris. Figured in Agassiz’ Lake Superior,
platy tie.. 6.

Superior wings, ashen gray, with silvery white spots near the
base. Next to these are three or four brown spots, or an inter-
rupted line of brown not extending across, terminating towards
the inner angle in an oblong drab spot which extends to the edge.
The centre is occupied by an oblique long spot of drab, with an
indistinct touch of brown in the middle. On the upper edge there
are four drab spots, the one nearest the tip being the largest and
rounded below. There is a broad margin of the same color on
the outer edge, gradually enlarging from near the tip and narrow-
ing at its termination, On this margin there are three indistinct
lines of silver white.

The inferiors are pale yellow, pilose at the base; an oblong
drab spot on the edge near the tip, and below the tip a large spot
of deeper yellow.

On the under side the markings are similar, but much less dis-

tinct.
HARRIS.

Fam. COSSIDAE.

Body thick, rather densely pilose. Head small. Antennze
shorter than half the length of the wings. Palpi small, eyes
naked. Proboscis short, or none. Legs short and robust,
more or less pilose. Wings strongly veined. Flight noc-
turnal. Wings in repose, tectiform.

COSSUS Fas.
Body stout. Palpi very short or not visible. Antenne serrated
or pectinated, longer than the thorax. Abdomen extending more

124 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or less beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibie
with four short spurs. Wings rather long, hardly broad. Prima-
ries hardly convex along the costa, rounded at the tips, very
oblique along the exterior border; first and second inferior veins
almost contiguous at the base; third near the second and about
twice further from the fourth. Female with a serrated oviduct.

l. C. robinize Peck. Mass. Agric. Soc. Report, V, 67.

Male. Dark brown. Primaries paler brown, hoary along the
interior border, with irregular blackish reticulations, and with a
discal blackish stripe composed of five large irregular spots.
Secondaries pale luteous, black to about half the length from the
base and along the costa. emale. Hoary, shaded with pale
brown. Thorax with three slender black stripes. Primaries with
irregular blackish reticulations, and some discal and anterior black
streaks. Secondaries dark brown or blackish, paler towards the
margin, more indistinctly reticulated. Fringe with black dots.

The /arva bores the locust tree (Robinia pseud-acacia).

United States.—Male expands 1} inch. Female 2 to 25 inches.

2. C. populi Walker. C. B.M., Part VII, p. 1515.

Female. Cinereous. Antenne black, very minutely serrated, a
little longer than the thorax. Palpi black, extending as far as the
head. Legs with whitish bands. Wings slightly reticulated, with
very humerous minute transverse blackish streaks. Primaries with
two very slender irregular blackish bands; one at beyond one
third of the length; the other sub-apical and forked in front.
Length of the body 14 lines. Wings expand 28 lines.

Hudson’s Bay.

WALKER.

3. C. plagiatus Walk. C.B.M., Part VII, p. 1515.

. Male. Hoary. Palpi not extending so far as the head; third
joint very minute. Thorax with a slender black stripe along the
inner side of each scapula. Tarsi gray, with whitish bands. Pri-
maries reticulated with gray, narrower and much more oblique
than those of C. populi; a brown patch with hoary dots on the
middle of the interior border, and an irregular, sub-apica] oblique
band of the same hue. Secondaries gray, hoary and indistinctly
reticulated with gray along the borders; fringe of the four wings

ZEUZERA. 4 125

whitish, with blackish intervals. Length of the body 11 lines, of
the wings 28 lines.
United States.

WALKER.

4, C. querciperda fitch. Fifth Report, No. 294.

‘Smaller than C. Robinia, with thin and slightly transparent
wings, which are crossed by numerous black lines, the outer mar-
gin only of the forward pair being opaque and of a gray color;
the hind wings colorless, with the inner margin broadly blackish
and the hind edge coal black.”

New York.

Fitcu.

ZEUZERA Latr.

Body stout. Palpi very short. Antenne slender, shorter than
the thorax. Abdomen extending far beyond the secondaries.
Legs stout, almost bare; hind tibize with two very minute apical
spurs. Wings narrow. Primaries slightly acuminated, straight
along the costa, extremely oblique along the exterior border;
discal areolet intersected by a forked veinlet; second superior
vein forked at half its length; second inferior vein more than
twice further from the third than from the first; third a little
further from the third than from the second. Male. Antenne
deeply pectinated, bare from half the length to the tips. Female.
Antenne bare. Oviduct exserted.

1. Z. canadensis Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. ser. I, 168.

Male. Straw color; primaries thickly covered with little trans-
verse brown streaks; fore part of the disk white, hind part grayish.
Secondaries white, with straw-colored veins.

Canada.
: Herr. ScHAEF.

2. Z. pyrina Fab. E. 5. 590.

Head white, front blue, thorax white, with twelve blue points
disposed in the following order: 2, 4, 4,2. Primaries white, with
black points disposed in bands; outer edge ferruginous; anterior
tibiee blue below.

North America.
Fas.

126 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Fam. CONCHILOPODIDAE.

LIMACODES Duncan.

Body rather stout, slender in some species. Proboscis not
visible. Palpi porrect, rather stout, covered with scales, extending
a little beyond the head ; third joint conical, acute. Antenne of
the males simple, compressed, rather serrated, pilose at the apex ;
those of the females slender, a little serrated towards the apex,
which is acute, extending a little beyond the head. Legs stout,
pilose; hind tibiee with four spurs. Wings moderately broad,
deflexed; primaries elongate, posterior margin rounded. Abdo-
men a little tufted at the extremity in both sexes.

1. L. cippus Cram. JL. querceti Herr. Schaef. Figured in Cram. Pap.
Exot. I, 84, pl. 53. Sm. Abb. pl. 13. Nat. Libr., vol. 37, pl. 21,
p. 177. Walker, C. B. M. V, 1144 (1855).

Brownish-red. Primaries with a curved dark brown band be-
yond two-thirds of the length and with some dark brown marks
nearer the base; each wing with two green spots, which are divided
on the outer side by a white and black border from two red spots ;
upper green spot transverse, smaller than the other, which is longi-
tudinal and attenuated at its tip. Secondaries with testaceous

borders and a dark brown spot on the interior angle.
WALKER.

Larva destitute of feet, properly so called, their place being
supplied merely by a few protuberances; and along the under
side of the body there is a soft pliable membrane, covered with a
kind of glutinous matter, by means of which and the protuber-
ances, it slides rather than creeps over the surface of a body. The
back appears composed of three parts, the intermediate of which
is separated from the others by a kind of keel, and is oval, a little
pointed at both ends; the lateral parts projecting a little beyond
the edges of the body. The head is entirely retractile.

Nar. Lis.

2. L. quercicola Herr. Schaeffer. Lep. exot. I, f.175. Walker, C. B. M.
V, 1144.

Brownish-red. Primaries with a curved dark brown band, be-
yond two-thirds of the length, and with two dark brown discal

LIMACODES. 127

spots nearer the base; each wing with two small green spots,
which are contiguous on the outer side to two larger red spots;
fore green spot transverse, hind one triangular. Secondaries rather
paler than the fore wings.

Georgia.
W ALEER.

3. L.? pithecium Sm. Abd. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 74. Nat. Libr.
Vol. So, pl. ol, p. 18d.

Primaries bluish, with transverse waved bands of yellowish-
brown, and more or less clouded with dusky ; secondaries entirely
brown, with a narrow yellow line within the fringe; body of the
female rather thick, thorax and abdomen bluish, the former brown
on the side and the latter with brown rings. The body of the
male is wholly light brown, with clouds of a deeper color, and the
abdomen tufted at the apex. The female expands an inch and

three lines, the male somewhat less.
Nat. Lis.

Larva flat, with long projecting appendages on each side, covered
with hairs and two other projecting pieces of intermediate size
behind the head, and a larger pair over the tail.

4, I? spinuloides Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp.
ser. I, f. 187. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1147.

Ferruginous. Primaries with an oblong black discal spot, a
row of black marginal dots, and a short white costal sub-apical
streak. Secondaries pale brown, with very pale borders. Male.
Antenne slightly pectinated. Primaries with two oblique brown
bands, which are connected by the interior border. Female. An-
tenne simple. Primaries dingy whitish along the costa near the
base, with an oblique dingy whitish band which includes the black
discal spot, with a short oblique white streak resting on the inte-
rior border, and with a short sub-apical band of black dots.

* North America.
W ALEER.

5. L? fasciola Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I, _
f.186. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1148. ;
Male. Fawn color. Antenne hardly pectinated. Primaries
reddish, with a slightly oblique white band, which is forked behind
and hooked in front, with a white apical spot, and with a blackish

128 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

band which proceeds from the hook of the white band. Seconda-
ries testaceous.

North America.
WALKER.

6. L? textula Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I,
f. 184. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1148.

Female. Pale fawn color. Wings with abbreviated transverse
whitish bands, whose borders are partly blackish.
North America.
WALKER.

7. Li? pallida Walk. C. B.M., V, 1148.

Testaceous. Antenne nearly simple. Abdomen extending as
far as the hind wings. Primaries with two curved gray slender
discal bands.

North America.
WALKER.

8. L? flavula Boisd. Figured in Herr. Schaef. Lep. exot. sp. ser. I,
f. 183. Walker, C. B. M., V, 1149.

Male. Primaries pale fawn color. Antenne simple. Seconda-
ries whitish.

Nova Scotia.
WALKER.

9. Li. laticlavia Clemens. Proc. A. N. S., Phil. 1860, p. 157.

Body and fore wings rather dark ochreous yellow. Fore wings
with an oblique silvery band, inclined towards the base of the
wings, from the costa to the middle of the inner margin, and
toothed toward the base on the sub-median nervure or fold. A
rather faint reddish-brown line extends from the costal origin of
the silvery band to the hind margin beneath the middle. Hind
wings pale ochreous yellow. Abdomen rather reddish ochreous.

Larva. Outline elliptical, somewhat pointed behind ; body flat-
tened, with the sides curving from a central ridge, flattened above.
The ridge has a vertical elevation at its sides, growing less and
_ less before and behind, and terminates in front in a rounded margin,
and behind in an obtuse short spine. The body is smooth, with
no distinct spined papule, but the edges of the ridge and the out-
line of the body are thrown into folds, sub-crenated. The body is
thickest in the middle, whence it curves anteriorly and posteriorly.

PIMELA. ADONETA. | 129

General color of the body is pale green and dotted with numerous
yellow points. Central ridge is bordered in front with yellow.

The /arva feeds on the under side of the leaf of maple in Sep-
tember, and the imago appears in the spring.—Clemens, Pro.
A. N. 8., 1860, p. 157.

PIMELA Curemens. Lagoa? Walker.
P. lanuginosa Clemens. Proc. A. N.S. Phila. p. 156, 1860.

Female? The wings of my specimen are badly worn and de-
nuded. Antenne pale brownish-yellow. Face dark brownish;
head and tail dull yellow. The anterior tibiz and all the tarsi
are dark brownish. The undenuded portion of the fore wings at
the base, is woolly and pale brownish-yellow.

Male? Antenne yellowish-white. Face and the fore legs black-
ish-brown, the hairs white and all the tarsi blackish-brown toward
the ends. Thorax white, very slightly tinted with yellowish. Ab-
domen rather deep, dull yellow. Wings white, slightly tinted with
yellowish; fore wings woolly toward the base, with a dark brownish
discoloration along the upper part of the disk and the costa ad-
joining it.

CLEMENS.
’

ADONETA CLEmens.
A. voluta Clemens. Proc. A. N.S. p. 158, 1860.

Reddish-brown, somewhat paler in the ? than the %. Fore
wings with a dingy yellow streak along the base of the inner mar-
gin, extended toward the disk above the middle of the wing, and
on this portion are two or three blackish dots. On the hind por-
tion of the disk is a short black streak. In the % there is another
short black streak along the median nervure and its last branch,
with a curved row of three black submarginal spots. The lower
streak and the spots are as distinct in the 9? asin the %. In both
sexes there is a subapical dingy yellow patch, lightly bordered
behind with whitish. Hind margin spotted with black. Hind
wing pale reddish-brown. 7

Larva. Body semi-cylindrical, tapering posteriorly, and round-
ed obtusely in front. Nearly smooth, but with a subvascular row
of small fleshy, minutely spined papule on each side of the vascular
line, three of which, placed anteriorly, are separated and distinct,

130 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

and three approximated on the last rings; the intermediate ones
are minute. The outline of the body above the ventral surface is
furnished with a row of minute spined papule.

Bright green, with a broad dorsal yellow band containing a
reddish purple one, which is constricted opposite the second and
third pairs of anterior papulze and dilated into an elliptical patch
in the middle of the body. This is almost separated from a smaller
elliptical patch which is constricted opposite the third pair of pos-
terior papulz and ends in a small round patch. The anterior and
posterior papule are crimson and the intermediate ones green.
The superventral row of spined papule are green.

In September, on the leaf of apricot. Imago in March.

CLEMENS.

EMPRETIA Cuiemens.
BE. stimulea Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. p. 158, 1860.

Body and fore wings uniform dark ferruginous, with two small
subapical white spots, and in the $ two more near the base of the
wing beneath the median nervure. Hind wings pale reddish-brown.

Larva. Body semicylindrical, truncated obliquely before and
behind, with a pair of anterior long, fleshy, subvascular, slenderly
spined horns and a pair smaller beneath them, above the head; a
posterior similar pair and a smaller anal pair beneath them. The
superventral row of papule are rather large and densely spined.
After the last moulting the longer horns become moderate in
length.

The portion of the body between the anterior and posterior
horns is a fine bright green color, bordered anteriorly and super-
ventrally by white, with a central, dorsal, oval reddish-brown patch
bordered with white, which color is again edged by a black line.
The horns, papule, and anterior portion of the body are reddish-
brown, with a small yellow spot between the anterior horns, while
the posterior pair are placed in a yellow patch.

The spines with which the horns are supplied produce an ex-
ceedingly painful sensation when they come in contact with the
back of the hand, or any portion of the body on which the skin is
thin. '

On a great variety of plants; fruit trees, the rose, Indian corn

(Zea mays), and a number of other plants.
CLEMENS.

_ NOCHELIA. 131

BE. paenulata Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. Phila. p. 159, 1860.

Body dark reddish-brown. Fore wings dark reddish-brown
along all the borders, with a large central pea-green patch, ex-
tending from the base of the wing to the subterminal portion,
bordered narrowly on the inner side and behind with white, and
deeply indented opposite the middle of the inner margin, where
there is a bright brown patch in the reddish-brown border. Hind
wings yellowish-brown.

I do not know the larval state of this species, and have only
two specimens, both apparently females. JI can perceive no differ-
ence in the structural characters of the imago of this and the pre-
vious species, and am quite sure that they belong to the same
generic group. ‘The discovery of the larval form will, however,
determine the question.

Illinois.
CLEMENS.

NOCHELIA Ciemens.
N. tardigrada Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. Phil. p. 159, 1860.

Male. Body and fore wings rather dark reddish-brown, with a
small, nearly triangular pea-green patch narrowly bordered with
dark brown at the base of the wing, beneath the median nervure,
slightly excavated behind where it adjoins a bright brown patch.
Towards the hind end of the disk, in its middle, is a minute oval
dark brown streak; two small pea-green subapical spots, the one
nearest the costa minute.

Larva. The body is elliptical, much flattened above. There
is on each side a row of subvascular, minutely spined papulx, of
which the three anterior and two posterior are more conspicuous
than the rest. The superventral row of papule are moderate,
equal, and form the outline of the body.

General color very pale green, with dorsal patches of the general
hue beautifully margined by crimson lines, and crimson vascular
patches, of which those between the fourth and fifth, seventh and
eighth pairs of subvascular papule are most conspicuous, although
small. All the papule are pale green.

On the apricot in September. Imago in April.

The genera Pimela, Limacodes, Adoneta, Empretia, and No-
chelia belong to that most anomalous family Limacodide. Per-

132 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

haps some of the groups described as new have been heretofore
established, but I found the effort to identify them from meagre

and unsatisfactory diagnoses of the imago an almost futile task.
CLEMENS.

Fam. IV. ZYGAENIDAE.

Front squamose. Palpi cylindrical, barbate, or hirsute;
third article very distinct, sometimes naked. Antenneze fusi-
form, sometimes cylindric, and moniliform, often pectinate.
Tongue long, convolute. Tibiz armed at the apex with four
more or less distinct spurs. Wings deflected, longer than
the body; primaries more narrow; secondaries rounded, very
rarely angular. Flight diurnal. Zarva rather contracted,
sluggish; head small, pubescent or pilose. Pupa folliculate.

ALYPIA Kirsy.

Body short, rather robust. Head small; eyes moderate. Pro-
boscis shorter than half the body. Palpz hairy, extending a little
beyond the head; second article a little longer than the first;
antenne thicker in the middle than at the apex, nearly as long as
the body; thorax thick; abdomen more slender. Wings rather
wide, not elongate, rounded on the margins. Feet robust, rather

hairy, with strong spines.
é s
1. A. octomaculata Fab. A. octomaculalis Hiibn. A. quadriguttalis
Hiibn. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 44.

Black, with two sulphur-yellow spots on the primaries and two
white ones on the secondaries; shoulder-covers and front sulphur-
yellow; fore and middle tibie thickly covered with orange hairs.
Larva cylindrical, elongated, yellow, with transverse rows of black
points, slightly hairy, without a caudal horn. Lives on the grape-
vine, and incloses itself in a cocoon in the earth.

Northern States.

2. A. guttata Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me ser. 320.

Upper side black; secondaries without spots; primaries with
about eighteen pale yellow, mostly rounded spots, of which two or
three, towards the upper edge, are small and punctiform. Body
black, with the shoulders and shield pale yellow; end of the

* PROCRIS. 133

abdomen fulvous, as well as the head. Under side of the primaries
like the upper.

California. Rare.
Borsp.

3. A. McCullochi Kirby. Figured in Kirby, Faun. Amer. Bor. IV, pl. 4,
fig. 5.

Body and wings very black; orbits of eyes externally clothed
with white hairs; tippets whitish; primaries with three white
spots, one near the base, oblique, obversely wedge shaped, divided
into two by a longitudinal black line; next, at a little distance from
the anterior margin, is a subtrapezoidal small white spot, between
which and the posterior margin is an articulated band, abbreviated
at each end, of the same color, consisting of six spots divided by
black lines; the same spots distinguish the under surface of these
wings, and besides, there is a whitish longitudinal one on the costal
area. The secondaries have three white spots on both surfaces,
viz., a large rectangular one near the base divided longitudinally
into four; a longitudinal band divided into five spots; the longi-
tudinal costal streak may almost be regarded as forming a sixth.
The four anterior legs are covered with orange hairs.

Canada.
Kirsy.

Fam. V. GLAUCOPIDIDAE Harris.*
PROCRIS Fas. Aglaope Latr.

Wings narrow, elongated, opaque, immaculate. Antenne slen-
der, tapering at each end, and bipectinated beneath in the males.
Palpi small, short, pendent, and nearly naked. Tongue short, but
distinct and spirally rolled. Abdomen slender and nearly cylin-
drical in the males, thicker in the females, and tufted at the end.

Spurs of the hind tibie two in number, and very minute.
HarRRIs.

* The succeeding descriptions by Harris will be found in Silliman’s
American Journal of Science, vol. xxxvi.

134 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. °

1. P. americana Boisd. Figured in Guerin’s Iconographie and Griffith’s
Cuvier.

Blue black, with a saffron colored collar and a fan shaped, some-
what bilobed black caudal tuft. Expands from ten lines to an
inch. Larva hairy, green, with black bands. It is gregarious
and devours the leaves of the grape vine, and undergoes its trans-
formations in an oblong-oval, tough whitish cocoon, which is fas-
tened to a leaf.

2. P? smithsoniana Clemens. Pr. A. N. 8. p. 540, 1860.
The entire insect is greenish black; immaculate.
Texas.
CLEMENS.
3. P. (Acoloithus Clemens) falsarius Clem. Pr. A. N. 8. p. 540, 1860.

Black. Prothorax fulvous, especially on the sides, with a point
on the median line black. Hind wings rather thin.
Penna., Ill.

CLEMENS.

MALTHACA CLEMENS.

M. perlucidula Clemens. Proceedings Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, p. 541.

Blackish-brown. Wings slightly transparent. Fore wings with
the basal half luteous above the fold. Hind wings luteous along
the costa from the base to the middle.

CLEMENS.
GLAUCOPIS Fas.

Wings narrow in some, broad in others, entire, for the most part
opaque, and with the body more or less glossed with blue, some-
times spotted or partially transparent.. Antenne feathered or bi-
pectinated in both sexes; the pectinations elongated in the males
and short in the females. Palpz more or less elongated and re-
curved. Tongue moderate, spirally rolled. Caudal tuft minute
or wanting. Posterior tibie with three or four spurs of moderate

size.
HARRIS.

1. G. ipomoeae Harris.
Hore wings greenish-black, with three yellowish-white dots near
the front margin and two others close together beyond the middle;

‘ , GLAUCOPIS. 135

hind wings violet-black, with a transparent colorless spot at base;
body tawny orange; antenne and head black, the latter spotted
with orange; a broad stripe on the shoulder-covers, a transverse
spot on the thorax behind, and the incisures of the abdomen black ;
legs violet-black; cox beneath, and a spot on the thighs, orange
colored.
Southern States. —Expands an inch and three-quarters.
HARRIS.

2, G. (Cosmosoma Hiibn.) omphale Hiibn. (according to Say). -dge-
ria omphale Say. Figured in Say Amer. Ent. VII, pl. 19.

- Scarlet? wings transparent, veined and bordered with black;
the first pair with a small black subcostal spot, and the black bor-
der very much widened at tip; head azure blue; antenne black,
with the tips white; two terminal joints of the palpi, and a line
on each shoulder-cover black; four azure-blue dots in a transverse
row on the fore part of the thorax; last four segments of the
abdomen black, with four azure blue spots on each side, and a
dorsal black line extending from the middle of the second segment,
including in it seven azure blue spots; belly and outside of the
second pair of tibize black.

Florida.—Hxpands an inch and a half or more.

For a specimen of this beautiful insect I am indebted to Mr.
Doubleday. It cannot belong to the genus geria, to which it
was referred by Mr. Say, in his American Entomology, where it
is figured.

United States.

HARRIS.
3. G. (Lycomorpha Harris) pholus Fab.

Blue-black or deep indigo blue; wings at base and shoulder-
covers orange. Hxpands fourteen or fifteen lines. Zarva pale
green with yellowish spots running into the green; head black,
covered with a few short whitish hairs; body sparingly clothed
with rather long hairs, which are white at the sides and black on
the back, the hairs arising singly from minute tubercles, those on
the third segment the longest, and with the others before them
directed forwards. It eats the lichens on stone heaps in shady
places, and undergoes its transformation in a thin silky cocoon.

United States.

HARRIS.

136 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4, G. semidiaphana Harris. G. fulvicollis Hibn.

Slate color. Wings rather narrow and subacute; first pair
brownish slate, with the anterior edge clay-colored; hind wings
semi-transparent in the middle; head and antenne black; collar,
front edge of the breast, and base of the palpi orange. Hxpands
fifteen to sixteen lines.

Middle and Southern States.

HARRIS.

5. G. latreillana Kirby. Faun. Amer. Bor.

Fore wings dusky drab with a silky lustre, and the anterior edge
clay color; hind wings rusty black; fringes of all the wings white,
interrupted with black in the middle; top of the head, orbits be-
hind, base of the palpi, front of the breast, and a spot on the fore
part of each shoulder-cover orange; thorax, abdomen, and cox
glaucous or greenish-blue, with a silky lustre; abdomen beneath
and legs light brown.

Northern States.

HARRIS.
6. G. latipennis Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X, 2me ser. 320.

Wings black, each marked on the disk with a very pale yellow
spot, divided into three unequal parts; primaries near the summit,
with an oblique band formed of four yellow spots of the same yel-
low. Body bluish-black; pectus marked with fulvous.

California.
Boisp.

7. G. epimenis Drury. Vol. III. 39. Probably genus Brepha.

Brownish-black. Fore wings sprinkled in spots with light blue
scales, which form a narrow band near the hinder margin and
marked with a large yellowish-white patch beyond the middle;
hind wings with a broad dark orange red band behind the middle.
The white spot of the fore wings is indented toward the middle
of the wing, and on the under side there is a small triangular spot
near the base of the wing and a short transverse one beyond it,
which unites behind with the angular projection of the large white
patch. Expands rather more than one inch.

North America.
HARRIS.

TROCHILIUM. 137

Fam. VI. AGERIADA Harris.

With false eyes or ocelli. Secondaries wide, entire; fringe
short, vitreous, with a frenulum,; two or three nerves on the
interior margin, besides five others without a costal. Hy-
menopterous like insects, whose primaries usually are vitre-
ous to the margins, and secondaries altogether. Body large;
eyes naked; antennze longer than half the primaries, gradu-
ally enlarging and again diminishing at the tip; seldom fili-
form; usually ciliate in the male, more seldom lamellar or
pectinate. Palpi strongly developed, erect, hairy below;
terminal joint sharp, naked. For the most part a distinct
spiral tongue; in Zrochiliwm only two short soft pieces. Legs
robust, covered with scales or hairs, with two pairs of long
spurs. Abdomen extending far beyond the anal angle, with
seven segments (the female has but six), with red, yellow, or
white rings, usually with a caudal tuft. Primaries narrow,
at least four times longer than wide; interior angle rounded.
Secondaries shorter but much wider; anal angle rounded. In
a state of repose the wings are usually about half erected.
Larva usually whitish, with head dark. Lives in the bark
or the interior of trees and shrubs, seldom in the roots or
stalks of herbaceous plants.

TROCHILIUM Scop.

Antenne gradually thickened: nearly to the end, which is curved
but not hooked; tip with a pencil of hairs. ‘Two short soft pro-
cesses instead of a tongue.

Hornet like in appearance. Body stout; antenne of the males
with a lamellar process at every joint; palpi strong, densely pilose;
legs, especially the posterior, clothed with a sort of fur. Male
only with a caudal tuft. Primaries often, secondaries always trans-
parent.

HARRIS.
1. T. marginatum Harris.

Black. Wings transparent; first pair with a broad border, the
tip and a transverse band beyond the middle pale brown; hind
wings with a broad black fringe; antenne black; two longitudinal
lines on the thorax; hind margins of the abdominal segments,

138 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

orbits, palpi, and legs, except at base, yellow. Expands rather
more than one inch and a quarter. *
New Hampshire. |
HARRIS.
2. T. tibiale Harris.

Brownish. Wings transparent; first pair with a narrow border
and an abbreviated band beyond the middle pale brown; hind
wings with a narrow brownish fringe; antenne black; orbits, two
lines on the thorax, edges of the abdominal segments and tibiz
yellow; hindmost tibize covered with yellow hairs. Expands one
inch and a half. The yellow bands on the abdomen are much nar-
rower and less bright than in marginatum.

New Hampshire.—On Populus candicans.

HARRIS.
3. T. denudatum Harris.

Chestnut brown. Fore wings opaque, with a large triangular
transparent spot adjacent to the outer hind angle, a rusty red spot
at base, and another near the middle; hind wings transparent, with
the margin and fringe brown, and a rust red costal spot; orbits,
edges of the collar, incisions of the abdomen, tibise, and tarsi dull
yellow; antennz brownish above, rust yellow at tip and beneath.
Expands from one inch and a quarter to more than one inch and
a half.

HARRIS.
T. tricincta Harris.

Blue-black. Fore wings opaque; hind wings transparent, with
the border, fringe, and a short transverse line near the middle
black; palpi at tip, collar, a spot on each shoulder, and three bands
on the abdomen yellow; antenne short, black; four posterior tibize
banded with orange; tarsi yellow, tipped with black; tail flat, with
two longitudinal yellow lines. Expands from one inch to one inch
and two lines.

This species seems to come near to the Huropean 7. aszliformis ;
but the male has only three yellow abdominal bands; while in the
asiliformis there are five bands in the male sex. The antennz are
shorter and thicker than in the following species, and are furnished
beneath with a double row of short pectinations or teeth, which
are thickly fringed with hairs. The sexes were captured together
upon the common tansy.

North America.
HARRIS.

TROCHILIUM. 139

T. cucurbitae Harris.

Fore wings opaque, lustrous olive brown; hind wings transpa-
rent, with the margin and fringe brown; antenne greenish-black;
palpi pale yellow, with a little black tuft near the top; thorax
olive; abdomen deep orange, with a transverse basal black band,
and a longitudinal row of five or six black spots; tibize and tarsi
of the hind legs thickly fringed on the inside with black and on
the outside with long orange-colored hairs; spurs covered with
white hairs. Expands from thirteen to fifteen lines.

_ Larva similar in form and color to those of other species. Lives
in the pith of squash and pumpkin vines. Forms in the ground a
cocoon composed of grains of earth cemented by a gummy matter.
Pupa almost entirely-excluded from the cocoon during the last
transformation.

North America.
HARRIS.

T. caudata Harris.

Brown. Male with the fore wings transparent from the base to
the middle; hind wings transparent, with a brownish border, fringe,
and subcostal spot; antenne, palpi, collar, and tarsi tawny yellow;
hind legs yellow; end of the tibise and first tarsal joint fringed with
tawny yellow and black hairs; tail slender, cylindrical, nearly as
long as the body, tawny yellow, with a little black tuft on each
side at base. The female differs from the male in having the fore
wings entirely opaque; the hind legs black, with a rusty spot in
the middle of the tibie, and fringed with black; caudal tuft of the
ordinary form and size. Expands from one inch to one inch and
three lines. Larva inhabits the stems of our indigenous currant,
Ribes floridum.

HARRIS.

T. syringae Harris.

Brown. Fore wings with a transparent line at base; hind wings
transparent, with a brown border, fringe, and subcostal spot; an-
tenne, palpi, collar, first and second pairs of tarsi, and middle of
the intermediate tibize rust red; middle of the tibiz and the tarsi
of the hind legs yellow. Expands one inch and two lines. Larva
lives in the trunks of Syringa vulgaris, the common lilac.

HARRIS.

140 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

T. exitiosa Say. Figured in Say, Amer. Ent. VII, pl. 19.

Steel blue. ale with the wings transparent; the margins and
fringes, and a band beyond the middle of the first pair steel blue;
palpi, collar, edges of the shoulder-covers and of the abdominal
segments, two bands on the tibiz including the spurs, anterior
tarsi, and lateral edges of the wedge-shaped tail pale yellow.
Female with the fore wings opaque; the hind wings transparent,
with a broad opaque front margin, and the fringe purple-black ;
antenne, palpi, legs, and abdomen steel blue, the latter encircled
in the middle by a broad saffron-colored band. Male expands
from nine to thirteen lines; female from fifteen to seventeen lines.
Larva inhabits the trunks and roots of the peach and cherry trees,
beneath the bark. The larva is the well known peach-tree borer,
which annually injures to a great extent or destroys numbers of
these trees. For the means of preventing its ravages, see Say’s
Entomology, Vol. II, and my communication in the New England
Farmer, Vol. V, p. 33. The insects above described, though very
dissimilar, are really the sexes of one species. I have raised many
of them from the larve, and have also repeatedly captured them,
. in connection, on the trunks of peach and cherry trees.

HARRIS.
T. fulvipes Harris.

Blue-black. Wings transparent; margin and fringes, and a
transverse band beyond the middle of the first pair blue-black ;
antenne black, yellowish at the end; palpi beneath, a spot on the
thorax under the origin of the wings, intermediate and hindmost
tibie, all the tarsi, and the basal half of the under side of the
abdomen orange colored; hindmost tibiz somewhat thickened by
a covering of tawny hairs. Expands thirteen lines. ,

HARRIS.
T. tipuliformis Harris.

Blue-black. Wings transparent, with the margin and fringes
blackish; the first pair with a transverse blue-black band beyond
the middle, and a broad one at tip streaked with copper color;
antennz black; palpi beneath, collar, upper edges of the shoulder-
covers, a spot on each side of the breast, three narrow rings on
the abdomen, ends of the tibia, and the spurs pale golden yellow;
tail fan-shaped, blue-black. The male has an additional transverse
yellow line between the second and third abdominal bands. Ex-

THYRIS. 141

pands from seven and a half to nine lines. Zarva lives in the
pith of the currant bush. ‘This destructive insect is not a native,
but has been introduced from Europe with the cultivated currant
bush.

HARRIS.

T. scitula Harris.

Purple-black. Wings transparent, with the margins golden yel-
low; the first pair with a narrow purple-brown band beyond the
middle and a broad one at the tip ornamented with golden yellow -
lines; fringes blackish; front and orbits covered with silvery white
hairs; antenne black; palpi, collar, upper edges of the shoulder-
covers, a narrow band at the base of the abdomen, a dorsal spot
behind it, a broad band around the middle, the lateral edges of the
fan-shaped tail, anterior coxee, sides of the breast, tibize and tarsi,
except at the joints, with the spurs golden-yellow. Expands about
eight lines. This beautiful little species is easily distinguished by
the prevalence of yellow on the under side of the body-and legs.

HARRIS.

T. pyri Harris.

Purple-black. Wings transparent, with the margins, a narrow
band beyond the middle of the first pair, and a broad one at tip,
purple-black, the latter streaked with brassy yellow; antenne black-
ish; palpi beneath, collar, edges of the shoulder-covers, a broad
band across the middle of the abdomen, a narrow one before it,
an indistinct transverse line at base, the posterior half of the ab-
domen beneath, the sides of the breast, anterior coxe, legs except
the joints of the tibia, and the lateral edges of the wedge-shaped
tail golden yellow. Expands six lines and a half. Larva lives
under the bark of the pear-tree. For some further particulars
respecting this species, see my communication in the New England
Farmer, Vol. IX, p. 2, 1830.

HARRIS.
THYRIS Ittuicer.

Wings broad, subtriangular, more or less angulated and indented,
opaque, with small semi-transparent spots. -Antenne fusiform, but
slender, and only slightly thickened in the middle; arcuated and
simple in both sexes. Zongue moderate. Body short and thick ;
Abdomen conical and tufted at the end.

HARrRIs,

142 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

T. maculata Harris.

Brownish-black, sprinkled with rust yellow dots; hind margins
of the wings deeply scalloped, with the edges of the indentations
white; each of the wings with a transparent white spot, which in
the fore wings is nearly oval and slightly narrowed in the middle;
in the hind wings larger, kidney shaped, and almost divided in two;
palpi beneath, a spot before the anterior coxe, the tips of the tar-
sal joints above, and the hind edges of the last three or four ab-
dominal segments white. Hxpands from six to eight lines.

Massachusetts.
HARRIS.

Fam. VII. PSYCHIADAE.
THYRIDOPTERYX Srepu.

Body of the male densely pilose. Antenne deeply pec-
tinated, not longer than the thorax. Abdomen extending
beyond the wings. Legs pilose. Wings narrow, bare, vitre-
ous, and colorless. Primaries about twice the length of the
secondaries, rounded at the tips. Secondaries slightly trunc-
ated, with a long and stout frenulum. Female apterous.

T. ephemaeraeformis Harris.

Black, pilose; wings vitreous; anterior margin of the primaries

and interior of the secondaries squamous.
: HARRIS.

PEROPHORA Harris.

Body stout, thickly clothed with short hairs. Proboscis obso-
lete, palpi short; antenne of the male deeply pectinated to the
tips; abdomen extending beyond the hind wings; legs rather short;
femora and tibie thickly pilose; wings rather long, thickly clothed,
opaque. emale winged; antenne moderately pectinated.

P. melsheimerii Harris.

Pale ash red; wings irrorate with minute black points; a com-
mon oblique linear fuscous fascia bent backwards before the apex
of the primaries, marked with a larger median blackish point.

HARRIS.

SPHINGIDAE. 143

Fam. VIII. SPHINGIDAE.!

The perfect insects included in this group are characterized
by the absence of simple eyes on the vertex at the base of the
antennz. The head is well developed, and well clothed with
hairs, that but rarely show a tendency to become tufted; the
antennee are prismatic, and more or less thickened towards
the tip, where they are recurved in the form of a hook, and
surmounted by a ciliated seta; they are doubly ciliated in
the males, on the sides of the plates prolonged beneath from
the stalk, and nearly simple in the females: in some genera
the terminal seta is obsolete, but the stalk is distinctly pris-
matic, and the articles are ciliated or bear short pectinations
in the males. The eyes are usually large, hemispherical and
salient, and the palpi have the third article reduced to a mere
point, placed on the summit of the well developed second
article. The tongue is usually well developed, and nearly
equal to the length of the body; in some instances it is more
than twice longer than the body, and in others it is almost
obsolete.

The thorax is always well developed and large, containing
powerful muscles, that are attached to elongated, narrow and
dense wings, the inner border of which is much shorter than
the exterior, in consequence of the obliquity of the hind
margin, and are attached to each other by a bristle and hook.
They are characterized by the following peculiarities of struc-
ture. The basal portions of the marginal and costal nery-
ures are thick and strong, and contiguous to each other and
the subcostal nervure; these and the subcosto-marginal nerv-
ules proceed towards the apex of the wing almost like a
bundle of rods, thus forming an external margin capable of
resisting rapid and strong vibrations upon the atmosphere.
In addition to the two marginal nervules, given off from
near the posterior-superior angle of the disk, the subcostal
divides into a subcosto-apical, post-apical and inferior nerv-
ules. At the origin of the subcosto-inferior, the discal-nerv-

1 The following monograph of the Sphingide is the production of Dr.
Brackenridge Clemens, of Easton, Pa., and was published in the Journal
of the Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., July, 1859. By his kind permission it is
inserted here. Everything is retained except the admirable paper on
Classification which precedes it, and some minor details, besides a few
Brazilian species.—J. G. M.

144 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ure takes a transverse course, throwing off near its centre,
the disco-central, and joins the submedian at the origin of
the medio-superior nervule; in addition to this, the median
throws off more posteriorly the medio-central and posterior
nervules. Lastly, near the inner margin is found the sub-
median nervure, which is simple and usually bifid at the base.

In the posterior wings, the costal nervure is simple and
prolonged to the hind margin, and is connected with the
subcostal towards the base, by a short intercostal nervule. -
The subcostal nervure subdivides into two branches, .the
apical and postapical; the discal nervure arises at the bifur-
cation of the subcostal, and emits the disco-central nervule
about its centre, and anastomoses with the submedian at the
origin of the medio-superior. The median nervure is nearly
straight, but angulated at the origin of the medio-central,
and posterior to this point throws off the medio-posterior.
The submedian and internal nervures are both simple.

This pterogostic structure, without undergoing any essen-
tial variation whatever from the type, is found in all the
genera of the group.

The abdomen is usually oylindrico- conical, longer than the
posterior pair of wings, sometimes tufted at the tip, and each
of its segments are farnished on the posterior edges with a
row of acute spinules concealed by a covering of scales.

The legs are usually long and strong, and the under sur-
face of the tarsi roughened with numerous, acute, rigid spin-
ules and furnished with a pair of free, simple claws. The
anterior tarsi have a long single spur on the inner surface,
the middle a terminal pair, and the posterior two pair.

The eggs of the perfect insect are deposited singly on the,
food-plants of the larvae, which are usually conspicuous in
size when full grown, and live a solitary life. They have
naked, cylindrical bodies, varying slightly in form, and pre-
senting, usually, differences of ornamentation in the several
genera. ‘They possess eight pairs of feet, three of which are
thoracic, four abdominal, and one terminal; the latter are
large, strong, and almost square, with the plantze situated at
the anterior angle. On the dorsum of the eleventh segment
is placed a rigid spine, called the caudal horn, and when this
is absent it is replaced by a lenticular tubercle.

The pupee are cylindrico-conical, with the extremity of the
abdominal case terminating in single, stout, acute spine, and
is contained in an imperfect cocoon, or near the surface in a
cell, or in a subterranean cell.

SPHINGIDAE. 145

Synoptical Table of Genera.

A. ANTERIOR WINGS ENTIRE.

I.* Terminal margin obliquely convex.
+ Antenne clavato-prismatic or prismatic, with a short hook and seta.
{ Abdomen long, cylindrico-conical, not tufted at the tip.
19 Tongue twice, or nearly twice, as long as the body.
Macrosila.—Head large; eyes very large; wings rather broad, interior angle
> dilated.
S. Leucophzxata.—Head large, eyes very large; wings narrow, interior
angle rounded.
2° Tongue nearly as long as the body, or somewhat longer.
Sphinx.—Head rather long and narrow, eyes small; wings narrow and
long.
Macrosila Forestan.—Head large and broad, eyes large; fore wings broad.
Wings rather short and broad, hind margin in middle slightly dilated.
Dolba.—Tongue a little longer than the body, eyes small, head broad and
obtuse.
3° Tongue two-thirds as long as the body.
Pachylia (in part).—Head large, prominent, eyes large; body thick and
large.
Darapsa, Group II.—Tongue moderately long.
Interior border of wings straight.
Lapara.—Tongue moderate; head small and short; palpi very short; abdo-
men linear.
4° Tongue about one-third as long as the body.
Ceratomia.— Body thick; head small, eyes small; thorax short, globose ;
abdomen long.
Daremma.—Body rather slender; tongue short, distinct ; abdomen taper-
ing.
5° Tongue as long as palpi.
Ellema.—Body subfusiform ; head small, narrow, subtufted and sessile ;
eyes small.
tt Antenne slender, minutely serrate-setose.
t Abdomen more or less tufted at the tip.
Cinosanda.—Head slightly crested; tongue moderate;#palpi long and
slender.
Perigonia.—Head rounded, smooth; tongue rather short ; palpi very short
and stout.
Macroglossa.—Head very broad; tongue one-half as long as body, eyes
small; palpi broad beneath. |
ttt Antenne subclavate or fusiform, with a minute hook.
. — Abdomen not tufted at the tip.
Arctonotus. a eee obsolete or very short; body very pilose; goes
hardly longer than thorax.
10

146 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Deilephila.—Tongue as long, or nearly as long, as body; abdomen atten-
uated at tip. ;
tt Abdomen tufted at the tip.
Sesia.—Wings hyaline in the middle.
Macroglossa.—Wings opaque; tongue as long as the body.
II*, Terminal margin wavy between nervules.
Anceryx.—Tongue as long as the body; head broad and conical, eyes
large; wings narrow.
M. Antaeus.—Tongue nearly twice as long as the body.
S. Juglandis 9 .—Tongue nearly obsolete.
III.* Terminal margin nearly straight or slightly sinuate.
Anceryx Caicus.—Body rather long and slender, wings narrow.
} Antenne with a long hook tapering to the end, ciliferous in 4 , simplein 2.
tt Abdomen thick and large; wings deeply concave on inner border.
Tongue two-thirds as long as the body.
Pachylia.—Interior angle of hind wings, covered with white scales; head
broad, eyes large.
Tongue as long as the body.
Philampelus.
jt Antenne somewhat fusiform, rather short, hook minute.
{ Abdomen oblanceolate, body long and slender.
Tongue as long as the body.
Anterior wings narrow, tip very acute, often somewhat hooked.
Chzerocampa.—Head large, conical; eyes moderate; abdomen with a slen-
der pencil of hairs. .
IV.* Terminal margin excavated by the tip, convex from the middle.
{ Abdomen without apical tuft.
Ambulyx.—Wings narrow and very long; head prominent, conical, ob-
tuse; tongue long.
Tongue not quite as long as the body, or as long.
Pergesa.—Antenne filiform, longer than thorax; body oblanceolate; wings
slightly denticulated.
Cherocampa (in part).
Tongue nearly obsolete.
S. Juglandis %, .—Antenne subpectinated.
Tongue about one-half as long as the body.
Darapsa.—Hea@ subtufted, front nearly vertical, eyes small; antennze
with a long hook.
tt Abdomen with apical tuft.
Fore'wings with silvery streaks.
Calliomma, Group II.—Head prominent, conical; antennz minutely ser-
rate setose.

B. ANTERIOR WINGS NOT ENTIRE.
I.* Terminal margin angulated, denticulated, excised or indented.
1° Fore wings with angular indentations above interior angle.
‘{ Abdomen with apical tuft.

SESIA. 147

Proserpinus.—Antennez clavate with minute hook; tongue as long as
body; eyes minute.
t{ Abdomen without apical tuft.
Unzela.—Antenne rather slender; tongue moderately long.
2° Fore wings circularly excavated near the tip and interior angle,
middle rounded.
Thyreus, Group II.—Head small, eyes very small; tongue equal to 3d
abdominal ring.
3° Fore wings truncated at the tips.
} Angulated and denticulated.
t Tongue nearly as long as the body.
Thyreus, Group I. Abdomen with apical tuft; head broad and obtuse;
eyes small.

tt Angulated in the middle.
tt Abdomen with apical tuft.
Enyo.—Antenne subfusiform, short, with angular hook; tongue equal to
3d abdominal ring.
Perigonia.—Antenne slender, Sie araa a tongue rather short; head ob-
*tuse; palpi short.
ttf Abdomen without apical tuft, or scarcely tufted.
Calliomma, Group V.—Fore wings with silvery lines (in note).
Smerinthus (in part).—Tongue about as long as palpi.
Deidamia.—Tongue two-thirds as long as body; body fusiform.
ttt Not angulated in the middle.
Perigonia.—Group II.
4° Fore wings denticulated.
+ Without silvery streaks.
Smerinthus.—Tongue about as long as palpi or almost obsolete.
tt With silvery streaks and angulated.
Calliomma.—Group IV.

SESIA Fasr.

‘The body is pilose, stout and more or less oval or elliptical in
outline, in the 9, but more elongate and slender in the male. The
thorax is advanced and tapers anteriorly to the head, which is
small, but free and prominent, with the front broad; the eyes are
very small; the palpi exceed the front and terminate acutely in a
pencil of hairs; the tongue when unrolled extends to about the 5th
abdominal segment; the antenne are longer than the thorax, slen-
der at the base, clavate and furnished with a minute seta at the
extremity. The abdomen is tufted at the extremity, and about

148 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

twice as long as the thorax. The wings are transparent in the
middle; the fore wings with the hind margin entire, obliquely
convex, and the inner margin concave beyond the inner angle;
hind wings somewhat acuminated at the tip and short. The legs
are slender and the hind tibize with four moderate spurs. ale,
antenne finely ciliferous. Jemale, nearly simple. | |

The larva tapers anteriorly, has a dorsal and stigmatical stripe, ~
and a short recurved horn. It undergoes its transformation in an
imperfect cocoon on the surface of the ground.

l. S. diffinis Boisd. 8S. fusiformis Abbot & Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb.
I, pl. 43. Boisd. sp. gen. pl. 15.

Head and thorax pale yellowish-green; palpi blackish terminally
and pale yellow beneath; breast pale yellow, with blackish hairs
beneath the legs, and all the legs black. The abdomen adjoining
the thorax has the thoracic hue; the third and fourth segments,
sometimes only the fourth, are black or blackish along the sides of
the four first anterior rings, and the fifth and sixth are pale brown-
ish mixed with yellow. The ventral surface is bluish-black, with
pale yellow patches corresponding to the tufts on the margins of
the fifth and sixth segments. The lateral anal tufts are black, the
central pale brown. The disk of the anterior wings is transparent
almost to the base, with a narrow, dark brownish border along the
costa, a patch on the inner margin tapering to the inner angle, and
a, narrow terminal border in the ¢, but rather broad and dentate
between the nervules in the 2, of the same hue; a ferruginous
patch on the apical interspace, sometimes followed by a smaller
one in the succeeding, in the 2. The posterior wings are bordered
with dark brown on the costa near the base, broadly on the inner
margin, the terminal margin in the ¢ very narrow, and moderate
in the 9.

There are variations in color; sometimes the thorax is fawn-
colored above and somewhat ochreous beneath: the abdomen fawn-
colored at the base, the two middle segments dark reddish-brown,
the ends and sides blackish and the two terminal rings fawn-color
above, with two large yellow patches on the ventral surface which
is black.

SESIA. 149

Mature Larva. Pale pea-green, reddish beneath, with a dark
green dorsal line, a pale yellow stigmated stripe.
Canada; Northern and Southern United States.
CLEMENS.

2. S. thysbe Fab. S. pelasgus Cramer. S. cimbiciformis Steph. I. S.
ruficaudis Kirby, Walker. Figured in Cram. pl. 248.!

Head, palpi above and thorax dark green, mixed with brown;
palpi on the sides blackish, beneath of a light cream color; the
breast and legs, except the tibiz of the hind pair, which are brown-
ish, have the same yellowish-white hue. The eyes are slightly
encircled with white scales. The two basal segments of the abdo-
men above are yellowish-brown; the two middle are deep ferru-
ginous or reddish-brown, and the terminal have small ferruginous
patches in the middle, the rest of each being a dull, yellowish-
brown. ‘The ventral surface is bright ferrnginous, with three or
four small yellowish tufts between the segments on the line sepa-
rating the dorsal and ventral surfaces; the lateral anal tufts are
black, the central reddish-brown and ferruginous beneath. The
anterior wings, the basilar space, especially towards the inner mar-
gin, is ferruginous, and olivaceous toward the base of costa; the
disk is divided by a dark brown line; the costa is dark brown and
the broad terminal band has the same hue, with a ferruginous patch
in the apical interspace. The posterior wings have a bright ferru-

! S. ruficaudis of Kirby.— Body yellow olive, underneath pale yellow.

Antenne black ; fore wings reddish-brown, hyaline in the disk, with the
hyaline part half divided towards the base, with a costal bar; covered with
yellow olive hairs at the base underneath the costa, the posterior margin
and the nervures are dark ferruginous; there is also a yellow stripe on the
inner side of the base; hind wings hyaline in the disk, base externally
and costa yellow; internally the base is ferruginous; underneath the dark
part of the wings is ferruginous and the base pale yellow; two first seg- .
ments of the abdomen yellow olive, two next black, the rest ferruginous,
with pale yellow lateral spots.”
’ S. ruficaudis of Walker.—Fawn-color. Head whitish about the antenne
and beneath, with a brown band in front. Pectus testaceous. Abdomen
deep red, fawn-color at the base, with testaceous spots along each side;
hind borders of segments black; apical tuft red, with some black hairs on
each side. Wings limpid, deep red at the base, and with broad deep red
borders. Fore wings deep red at the tips and with a blackish discal streak.
Length of the body 9—12 lines; of the wings 18—24 lines.

150 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ginous, broad inner border, a moderately broad duller terminal
band, the nervules in which are blackish.
Mass.; Canada; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania.
CLEMENS.

3. S. fusicaudis Walker, C. B. M. p. 83.

Light fawn-color. Head beneath and pectus whitish testaceous.
Palpi prominent. Abdomen deep red; basal part light fawn-color,
bordered with white; a row of testaceous spots along each side. -
Apical tuft blackish-brown; middle third part deep red. Wings
limpid, deep red towards the base, and with very broad deep red
borders. Fore wings fawn-color at the base, deep red towards the
tips. Length of the body 13—14 lines; of the wings 25—27
lines. |

Georgia.

CLEMENS.

MACROGLOSSA Ocus.
The body is rather short, stout, and thick. The head is large,

broad, and prominent; the antennez with a minute seta and about
as long as the thorax; the eyes small and rather flattened; the
palpi thick and very broad beneath. The thorax is thick, well
advanced in front of the anterior wings, and tapering but little te
the head. The abdomen is flattened beneath, tufted at the tip,
and about twice as long as the thorax. The legs rather slender ;
hind tibize with four moderate spurs. The wings are opaque; the
length of the anterior is somewhat less than that of the entire
body, rather more than twice longer than broad across the inner
angle, and sometimes thrice; hind margin entire, very obliquely
convex, and the inner margin concave above the inner angle.

Larva.—The European type of this genus has a small head and
a caudal horn on the 11th ring, and tapers anteriorly; the skin is
finely shagreened and is marked by a stigmatal and substigmatal
line. It undergoes its transformation on the surface of the ground
in an imperfect cocoon. The pupa is elongated, with the head-
case very salient.

§ Antenne subclavate; tongue as long as the body.(?)

MACROGLOSSA. 151

1. M. flavofasciata Walker, C. B. M. p. 87.

Testaceous blackish beneath. Head with a blackish band in
front. Abdomen blackish, with a testaceous tuft on each side at
the tip. Wings blackish-brown, with a broad oblique luteous
band. Fore wings somewhat luteous beneath toward the base.
Length of the body 8 lines, of the wings 20 lines.

Albany River; Hudson’s Bay.

CLEMENS.

§§ Antenne slender, scarcely clavato-prismatic ; tongue about
one-half as long as the body; not pilose.

2. M. tantalus Zinn. Sphinx ixion Linn. Sphinx zonata Drury. Sphinx
titan Cram. WM. annulosum Swainson, pl. 132, f.1. M. balteata?
Kirtland. Figuredin Cram. pl. 68. Drury, pl. 26. Swains. pl. 132.

Head, palpi above and thorax brown, but in the recent specimen
tinged with deep olivaceous; palpi beneath whitish, and the breast
and legs ash-colored or brownish-white in the male; in the female
these parts have a more or less brownish hue. Abdomen brown
or olivaceous brown, with the third segment banded above with
white; beneath brown, the upper segments in the males having an
ashy hue, with four white points on the lateral, hind portions of
the ventral segments; lateral terminal tufts blackish-brown, the
central testaceous. Anterior wings ferruginous-brown with a dou-
ble row of whitish spots extending from the discal spot to the inner
margin; discal spot blackish surrounded with white; with three
white subterminal spots approximated in the subcosto-inferior, me-
dio-superior, and central interspaces, and a terminal dull brownish
band. Posterior wings blackish, costal border pale brownish-white,
fringe above white and short.

South America; Mexico; West Indies; Texas; Ohio.

CLEMENS.

3. M. ceculus Cramer II, 80, pl. 146. M. fusciatum Swainson II, pl. 132.

Head, palpi and thorax obscure brown; palpi beneath and breast
white. Thorax with a blackish patch above the base of the wings.
Abdomen brown inclining to blackish posteriorly, with two orange-
colored spots on each side of the second and third segments, a
blackish-brown patch on the fourth and a pale yellow spot on the
fifth, with a lateral tuft beneath it of the same hue. Terminal
tufts dark brown. Abdomen beneath brown. Anterior wings
obscure purplish-brown, varied with dark brown; a dark brown

152 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

patch at the base, with a line and band of the same hue crossing
the disk; a dark brown demi-line extending from the origin of the
medio-central nervule to the inner margin, and a line crossing the
base of the nervules furcate above, with a subterminal band also
furcate toward costa, of the same hue; a white spot in medio-
central interspace. Posterior wings blackish-brown, with a cen-
tral pale orange-yellow band.

South America; Mexico.
CLEMENS.

4. M. sagra Poey. Cent. de Lep. de l’Ile de Cuba, Decade II, with figure.
Walker, C. B. M. p. 89.

Cinereous brown, testaceous beneath. Thorax with two ferru-
ginous stripes on the sides, margined between with hoary. Abdo-
men ferruginous, tessellated with hoary, with two pale yellow spots
on sides of middle segments, and two rows of white spots beneath.
Wings rather broad, with a white line near the base and varied
with ferruginous bands, especially a broad interrupted one near
external border; a white spot toward the end of medio-central
interspace. Posterior wings blackish, with an oblique, central,
' pale yellow band, and the exterior border margined with the same
hue.

South America; West Indies.
CLEMENS.

PROSERPINUS Hupyer.

The body is rather long, slender and tapering. The head is
free, prominent and moderately large; the front broad, oval and
obtuse; the antenne subclavate, longer than the thorax, with a
minute terminal setigerous hook; the eyes minute and shaded with
hairs from above; the palpi are pilose, rather thick and equal to
the front; the tongue as long as the body. The thorax is advanced
and tapers in front to the head, and is smooth. The abdomen is:
twice longer than the thorax, cylindrico-conical, with an abundant
terminal tuft in both sexes; very sparingly tufted on the sides.
The legs are slender and smooth, the posterior tibia with four
moderate spurs. The anterior wings are as long as the body with-
out the the tuft; three times longer than wide across the inner

PROSERPINUS. 153

angle; tip acuminated, the hind margin entire and obliquely con-
vex from the tip to the medio-posterior interspace, where it is
angularly indented; the inner angle salient and the inner margin
concave above it. Hind wings rather short, obtusely rounded at
the tip and the hind margin entire. J/ale.—Antenne finely cili-
ferous. /emale.—Antenne simple.

Larva tapers anteriorly from the third segment, body cylindrical,
head small and the eleventh segment with a caudal horn. It is
ornamented with rows of vascular round spots, and irregularly
elliptical subdorsal and lateral spots. The metamorphosis takes
place on the surface of the ground in an imperfect cocoon.

Duponchel describes the larva of this genus, under the name
Pterogon, as having a lenticular tubercle instead of a caudal horn.
The outline of the wings, as given in the diagnosis, differs also from
the European type, in which the fore wings are slightly hooked,
with two or three distinct dentations. Abbot and Smith represent
the wings of P. gaure with these peculiarities, but my specimens

do not correspond.
CLEMENS.

1. P. gaurze Abbot §& Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. 1 pl. 31.

Antenne brownish-green and whitish at the tips. Palpi be-
neath, white; the tips of the palpi, head and thorax greenish, with
a greenish white line on the sides of the head and thorax. Abdo-
men greenish or brownish-green, and the apical tuft the same, with
the hind portions of the segments paler. Anterior wings pale
yellowish-green, with deep green shades; the basal portion pale
yellowish-green, with a broad, median dark green band, the ante-
rior edge of which is concave, and its posterior, beginning on the
costa at the origin of the post-apical vein, inclines to about the
middle of the inner margin. The median hand is bordered poste-
riorly with pale yellowish-green, and the terminal border is shaded
with bright greenish, deepened toward the costa and tip, with a
pale streak at the tip and a pale line from the costa to subcosto-
inferior vein. The discal spot is dark green on a somewhat lighter
ground. Posterior wings orange, with a narrow terminal blackish

154 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

band; sometimes the orange color is deepened to reddish above
the teenie band; fringes paler.

Texas. | |

Mature larva, head green. Body dark green; with the first
segment banded with white containing four black points; with a
row of vascular black dots, and two rows of semi-elliptical black
dorsal patches edged with white, and a row of lateral somewhat
oval patches, blackish and crimson behind, also edged with white;
a row of subdorsal dots between this and dorsal patches; prolegs
crimson, with crimson patches on the sides of the tenth and ele-
venth segments. Horn yellow at the base and black terminally.
(Abbot & Smith.)

Pupation.—The larva enters the pupa state in Georgia about
the latter part of May, and appears as a perfect insect during the
middle of June. (Abbot & Smith.) In Texas there are two broods
of perfect insects, according to the dates of capture, one cue
the entire month of April and another in July.

Hood-plants.— Gaura biennis.

Georgia; Texas.
CLEMENS.

2. P. clarkiz Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. X, 2me ser. p. 318.

The appearance (port) and size of P. gaure of Georgia. Supe-
rior wings of an olive-green, with the extremity faintly tinted with a
little greenish-white and a transverse whitish, nearly straight band.
Inferior wings of the same yellow color as the European (nother
with a little black border. The four wings of an olivaceous green
beneath, with a whitish band on the inferior wings. Body oli-
vaceous.

California.
CLEMENS.

UNZELA WALKER.

Body fusiform, rather stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi
as usual. Antenne rather slender. Abdomen much less than
twice the length of the thorax. Legs moderately stout; hind
tibia with four rather short spurs. Wings moderately broad, not
long. Fore wings straight along the costa, rounded at the tips;
exterior border slightly oblique, forming a very obtuse and much

THYREUS. 155

rounded angle in the middle, with a slight excavation in front and
two shorter and more distinct indentations behind. Hind wings
rounded at the tips; exterior border slightly denticulated, some-

what excavated toward the interior angle.

1. U.? japyx Cramer, I, 137, pl. 87, f. C. Walker, C. B. M. 162.

Ferruginous brown. Abdomen purplish with testaceous bands
on the hind portions of the segments and a white transverse band
at the base of the abdomen. Thorax dark brown. Anterior
wings dark brown from the base to the middle, with two somewhat
roseate, separated, oblique lines crossing the middle of the disk
and a round spot at the base margined with roseate; terminal por-
‘tion of the wing greenish with a black spot on costa at about the
origin of the post-apical nervule, another beneath the tip on pos-
terior margin and a larger one at the inner angle, containing a
small blue spot. Posterior wings dark brown, somewhat roseate
on inner margin, with a black terminal line. ~

THYREUS Swainson.

The body is obtuse, broad and stout. The head is moderate,
the front obtuse, nearly vertical, uniformly broad and thickly
haired; the palpi very hairy, rather short and obtuse; the eyes
small: the tongue, when unrolled, reaches to about the fourth or
fifth abdominal segment; the antenne taper at the extremity and
end in a long hook without seta. The abdomen is broad and
rather short, a little more than once and a half longer than the
thorax, semi-oval in outline, tufted with terminal and lateral tufts.
The thorax is thick, hairy, globosely rounded in front with meta-
thoracic sub-tufts. The wings are narrow and rather long. The
anterior in length equal to that of the body, truncate at the tips,
angulated opposite the medio-superior nervule, excavated from
post-apical to superior and doubly excavated from the superior
nervule to the inner angle. Posterior wings, tip rounded, hind
border denticulated and the inner angle somewhat salient and
acute. Male.—Antenne ciliferous. Memale.—Almost cylindrical
and simple.

156 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Larva, the head is moderate and the body is naked, wrinkled
transversely, and tapers gently from the fourth segment, and is fur-
nished with a lenticular tubercle on the eleventh segment instead
of a caudal horn. Its position when disturbed is not sphinx-like ;
it shortens the anterior rings and throws the head from side to side,
making at the same time acrepitating noise. When on the ground,
its motions under irritation are often violent. It prepares for pu-
pation on or near the surface of the ground.

1. T. abbotii Swainson. Figured in Swains. pl. 60.

Head, palpi, and thorax, dull chocolate-brown ; prothorax with a
blackish-brown transverse line, and two others crossing the middle of
thorax ; abdomen dark-brown, lighter in the middle ; terminal tufts
dull yellowish-brown in the male, and female with a large light-yel-
lowish central pencil, and small lateral brownish ones. Anterior
wing's dull-chocolate brown, lighter beyond the middle, even yel-
lowish-brown in the female; an oblique dark-brown line passing
behind and near to the minute dark-brown discal dot; several dark-
brown lines on the inner margin, and curving obliquely to the
lower part of medio-superior nervule, and proceeding thence to the’
costa as sharply-angulated lines, and long dark-brown dashes pro-
jecting upward in the interspaces; apical interspace grayish-
brown, with a dark-brown sagittal dash on the margin, and others
in the three following marginal interspaces: fringes dark-brown. -
Posterior wings sulphureous, with a dark-brown terminal band,
breaking into a series of short lines in a slightly roseate space
above anal angle; fringes brown. —

Mature Larva, Male, head dark-brown, banded broadly at sides
with light-green, and with a narrow central, short greenish band.
Body reddish-brown, with numerous patches of light-green, oval on
the dorsum, and irregularly triangular on the sides, with an inter-
rupted, subdorsal chocolate-colored line. The lenticular tubercle
on the eleventh segment is black, encircled at the base by a yellow-
ish line and a blackish cordate patch; anal shield pale green ter-
minally, and brown above, crossed by irregular brown lines. e-
male, body uniform reddish-brown, or blackish-brown, immaculate ;
with interrupted dark-brown subdorsal lines, and numerous trans-
verse strie. Length about three inches. Swainson’s figure of this
larva is erroneous.

THYREUS. 157

Pupation. The transformation of the larva takes place in a
superficial cell. The pupa is dark-brown; the head case broad
and rounded; the tongue case not apparent, and level with the
breast. There is, I think, but one annual brood. The larva
reaches its development about the latter part of July, and enters
the pupa state to appear in the following spring as an imago.

Food-plants. The indigenous and cultivated grape-vines, and
Ampelopsis quinquefolia.

New York; Pennsylvania; Georgia; Massachusetts; Ohio.

CLEMENS.

Grovp II.

The thorax tapers on the sides markedly to the head, which is
small and prominent. The front is smooth and narrow, the eyes
very small, the palpi acutely haired at the extremity, and exceed-
ine the front, the antennze with a moderate hook without seta; the
tongue extends to about the third abdominal ring. The tip of the
anterior wings is rounded, the hind margin circularly excavated
beneath tip, and above the inner angle, the middle being convex.
Posterior wings, hind margin scarcely denticulated, and slightly
excavated near the inner angle.

2. T. nessus. Figured in Cram. pl. 107. Walker, C. B. M. p. 99.

The head, palpi, and thorax, dull ferruginous brown, palpi be-
neath and breast rufescent; a yellowish-white streak on the sides
of the head and thorax, and a transverse ferruginous line on the
hind part of metathorax. The abdomen a dark chestnut-brown,
with the hind margins of fourth, or fourth and fifth segments, pale
yellow, with three or four bright ferruginous, lateral spots, begin-
ning on the fourth segment, and two very small pure white tufts
on the segments adjacent to the triple apical tuft, which is deep
chestnut; beneath rufescent, with three lateral white dots on the
hind portions of the posterior segments. Anterior wings brown,
with a purplish hue, costa grayish-brown; an indistinct dark-brown
band and line in basilar space; a dark chestnut, broad median
band, divided above the medio-superior nervule to the costa, and
containing a lighter colored discal spot; a grayish-brown subter-
minal line interrupted by the central nervules, and edged anteriorly

158 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with brownish, with a long, dark-chestnut patch interposed in the
medio-central interspace; a ferruginous patch at the base of apical
interspace, with two dark-brown adjacent patches in the succeed-
ing interspaces. The fringes dark-brown in the middle, pale yel-
low in the excavations, and bordered by dark-brown. Posterior
wings bright-red, with a dark-brown terminal band; fringes from
the tip to the centre brownish, and thence to anal angle pale
yellow.

Canada; Massachusetts; New York; Pennsylvania; New Hamp-
shire.

CLEMENS.

DEIDAMIA Ctemens. ~ >

Size moderate. The body is quite fusiform, and the inclination
of the sides of the thorax to the head is quite abrupt. The head
is small, almost impacted on thorax, but not depressed; it is com-
pressed laterally and subtufted, the front vertical and moderately
broad ; the eyes small, and somewhat sunken ; the labial palpi short
and pilose; the tongue extends to the end of the third abdominal
segment ; the antenne taper at the end, slightly hooked, and without
the terminal seta. The thorax is thick, and well clothed with long
decumbent hair. The abdomen is long, rather slender and oblan-
ceolate, with an exceedingly slight terminal tuft. The legs are
rather slender, and moderately long, the anterior tibiz tufted at the
sides ; the posterior with two very short middle and terminal spurs
concealed in the tibial hairs. The anterior wings are about equal
in length to that of the body, and are a little more than twice
longer than broad across the inner angle; the hind margin angu-
lated in the middle, truncate at the tip, excavated from the post-
apical nervule to the medio-superior, and angularly indented above
the inner angle; the inner margin concave. The posterior wings
are rounded at the tips, hind margin slightly denticulated. The
submedian nerve is simple at the base. Male, antenne ciliferous.

Female, antenne simple.

PERIGONIA. | 159

1. D.inscripta. Pterogon? inscriptum Harris. Thyreus? inscriptus Walker,
C. B. M. p. 308.

The head is grayish-brown, and whitish above the eyes; palpi
reddish-brown. Thorax grayish-brown, with a double, curved
white line crossing the prothorax, edged behind with brown, and
a brown sagittal dorsal patch, with a short whitish line across the
middle of tegule. The abdomen is dull brown above, with three
or four subdorsal, deep brown spots; beneath, a dull ferruginous
brown, with the hind portions of the segments of a lead color.
Anterior wings ash-gray at the base, in the middle, and towards
the tip, banded with brown; a short, obscure, brown costal streak

at the base; two brownish bands before the middle, united on the
inner margin by blackish-brown; discal spot ash-gray; a reddish-
brown band, arising on the costa at the origin of post-apical ner-
vule, convex in the middle, and retreating thence to the inner mar-
gin; the subcosto-inferior and medio-superior interspaces pale-
brown, as well as the portions of the succeeding interspaces
exterior to the band, and marked by reddish-brown lunules; a deep
brown apical patch encircled with white; and a subterminal one
similarly colored in post-apical interspace. Posterior wings dull
reddish-brown, with a dusky terminal border tapering to the inner
angle; fringes white.*

Indiana; Long Island; New York; Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

PERIGONIA Boisp.

Body broad, slightly fusiform. Head obtuse. Proboscis rather
short. Palpi very short and stout. Antenne setaceous, slender,
a little longer than the thorax. Abdomen much longer than the
thorax. Legsrather slender ; hind tibize with four moderately long
spurs. Wings opaque, moderately broad. Fore wings hardly convex
toward the tip of the costa, rather oblique along the exterior border,
which is slightly angular in the middle and behind the tip; fourth
inferior vein (posterior) remote from the others. Hind wings very
slightly denticulate along the exterior border. Male, antenne
minutely serrate setose. emale, antenne simple. ( Walker.)

* Pupation.—Larva transformed in a cell. Tongue-case of pupa, an
elevated short ridge; at its cephalic end a short central spine, and on
each of the eye-cases, a spinous tubercle. Color, very dark brown.

160 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. P. lusea Fabr. Perigonia stulta Boisd.

Ferruginous brown, somewhat cinereous and testaceous beneath.
Fore wings with three grayish, diffuse bands, and transverse black-
ish lines. Posterior wings with variable luteous bands, and streaks
along the interior angle. :

Mexico; South America; West Indies.
‘ CLEMENS.

Group II.
Fore wings not angular in the middle of the exterior border, and
are excavated behind the sub-apical angle. The exterior border
of hind wings convex, and not denticulated. Head conical.

2. P. subhamata Walker, p. 102.

Brown (male) or ferruginous (female), paler beneath. Wings
with oblique, undulating, pale ferruginous bands, which are most
numerous on the fore wings, and the latter have a discal dot of the
same hue, and a cinereous sub-apical spot. Length of the body
138—15 lines; of the wings 28—382.

Mexico and South America.
CLEMENS. :

Group III.

Head rounded in front, not conical. Fore wings somewhat
rounded at the tips, slightly convex and not excavated along the
exterior border, which is very oblique.

3. P. glaucescens Walker, p. 103.

Brown, testaceous beneath. Head with a white streak on each
side behind the eye. Antenne tawny, very slender, not longer
than thorax. Thorax slightly tinged with green. Abdomen fer-
ruginous, slightly glaucous; fifth segment whitish; sixth and se-
venth segment with a whitish tuft on each side; apical tuft blackish.
Wings reddish beneath. Fore wings with a glaucous tinge, and
with two oblique bands, the one dark brown and interior, the other
ferruginous and exterior, and bordered with dark brown on its
outer side. Hind wings dark brown, with a luteous spot by the
interior angle, and a white speck near the base of the interior bor-
der. Length of the body 12 lines; of the wings 28 lines.

CLEMENS.

ENYO. 161

4. P. undata Walker, p. 103.

Brown. Head beneath and pectus somewhat hoary. Thorax
with a short, broad, posterior, dark brown stripe on each side.
(Abdomen and hind wings wanting.) Fore wings cinereous, shin-
ing, with a white dot and a black discal streak at the base, with a
white streak traversing the black discal spot, and with two broad,
irregular, ferruginous bands, which are bordered, and the exterior
one interlined with black. Length of the body 9(?) lines, of the
wings 18 lines.

Jamaica.
CLEMENS.

ENYO Huey.

The body is long, thick and fusiform. The head large, promi-
nent and broad; front nearly vertical, flattened, and smooth; eyes
large and salient; palpi smooth, stout and closely applied to the
front; tongue extends to the end of the third abdominal segment;
antenne rather short, not as long as the thorax, minutely ciliferous,
fusiform and ending in an angular hook with seta. The thorax is
crested in front, long from the base of anterior wings to the head,
and rounded infront. The abdomen is oblanceolate, slightly more
than twice longer than ‘the thorax, and sparingly tufted at the apex.
The legs are slender, the anterior and middle smooth, the posterior
with femora and tibiz pilose, with two short and two moderately
long spurs. ‘The anterior wings are very oblique, length much
less than that of the body, and somewhat more than twice longer
than broad across the inner angle; the posterior margin truncate
at the tip, obtusely angulated opposite medio-superior nervule,
excavated from post-apical to superior, and thence excavated and
slightly wavy to the inner angle, which is hooked; inner margin
deeply concave. Posterior wings rounded at tip; hind margin
doubly excavated from the medio-central to inner angle, which is
acute.

Larva. Head rather small; body tapers anteriorly, and is

wrinkled transversely, with a long, straight, caudal horn. Pupa
11

162 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rather slender; head case obtuse; tongue case not apparent. The

larval transformation is subterranean.

1. EH. lugubris Drury, I, 61, pl. 28, f. 2. Abbot & Smith, I, pl. 59, pl. 30.
Thyreus lugubris Harris. Sphinx fegens Cramer.

Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen brown, with an obscure pur-
plish or reddish hue; palpi beneath pale reddish brown. <Abdo-
men with an indistinct double row of dorsal, dark brownish spots;
beneath as well as the thorax, pale rufescent brown, with a tawny
line in the middle of ventral surface; yellow lateral dots on the
hind portions of the segments, and a small lateral, pale yellow
pencil of hairs at the base of the first segment. Anterior wings
brown, with a rufous tinge in the middle and toward the tip; an
oblique, pale brown line before discal spot, beginning near the
origin of subcosto-inferior vein, margined on each side with darker
brown; discal spot blackish, edged with pale brown; a broad,
dark brown, subterminal shade, extending from post-apical vein to
the hind margin, and bordered anteriorly by a curved, pale brown
line; a ferruginous brown spot in apical interspace, with its basal
portion and the middle of the next interspace pale reddish hue and
three indistinct brownish lines crossing the nervules. Posterior
wings brownish, deepening toward terminal margin, with indistinct
lines above the inner angle, and dark brown marginal spots at the
inner angle and on the ends of medio-posterior and central veins.

Mature Larva. Head dark green, with a yellow frontal band.
Body pale green, with vascular dark green dashes, and a dark
green subdorsal line bordered beneath with whitish; nine short,
lateral, pale yellow bands; horn dark green; stigmata reddish.
(Abbot & Smith.)

Food-plants. Ampelopsis hederacea. (Virginian creeper.)

Georgia, West Indies, Mexico, South America.
CLEMENS.

2. BE. camertus Cramer.

Mouse color; abdomen with a double row of blackish brown
spots. Fore wings with a testaceous discal spot ; with a blackish
oblique interior line margined with hoary, and a large diffuse
exterior blackish patch, with a sub-apical ferruginous spot and a
blackish submarginal line edged with white. Posterior wings with
dark oblique undulating lines and blackish marginal spots.

Mr. Walker’s description does not correspond well to Cramer’s

DEILEPHILA. ° 163

figure, pl. 525, which is dark brown, and the anterior wings lute-
ous brown, with a broad dark brown median band tinged obscure
purple. The following individual from Brazil, in the collection of
the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, appears to me
to come nearer to Cramer’s figure.

Dark brown; thorax distinctly crested. Abdomen dark brown
with a double row of spots on the sides, and a small lateral rufous
terminal tuft and a long central one dark brown, with a cinereous
ring just above them; beneath, a dull cinereous central line edged
with dark brown. Anterior wings dark brown varied with obscure
purplish; basal portion dark brown, with a dark median patch
chiefly beneath the median nerve and intersected by paler lines on
the inner margin, and bordered behind and above broadly with a
paler hue; a dark brown patch extending from the orjgin of sub-
costo-inferior vein to the tip of post-apical, excavated on each side
beneath, and extended as a line to the margin at the end of medio-
posterior vein, inclosing a lighter patch in the middle on the costa,
and at the tip mixed with rufous; a testaceous curved marginal
patch. Posterior wings dark brown, paler towards the hind mar-
gin. Posterior legs hairy to the end of the tarst.

Mexico, West Indies, South America.
CLEMENS.

DEILEPHILA Ocus.

The body is usually stout and thick. The head moderate,
prominent; the front smooth, rather broad and long, semi-ellip-
tical; the eyes moderate; the tips of the palpi level with the
front; the tongue as long or nearly as long as the body; the
antenne clavate, terminating suddenly in a minute hook and seta.
The thorax is thick, and tapers abruptly to the head. The abdo-
men is thick and cylindrico-conical, about twice as long as the
thorax, and tapers rather suddenly at the terminal segments,
having at the tip a more or less distinct, short pencil of hairs.
The wings are entire; the length of the anterior equal to that of |
the body, rather more than twice and a half longer than broad,
the hind margin obliquely convex; the inner somewhat concave
above the interior angle. The posterior wings are rounded at the
tip and the hind border slightly excised near the interior angle.

164 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The legs are long and the two exterior spurs of the hind tibie
very short, the two interior long. Male. Antenne ciliferous.
Female. Antenne simple. |
Larva, Head small and elongate-globose, caudal horn rather
short, nearly straight and rough. Without oblique bands, but
with a row of subdorsal spots on each side. The anterior seg-
ments are much attenuated, and are capable of being withdrawn
or shortened or much extended; none of the segments dilated.
When disturbed, they fall from their food-plants, shorten the ante-
rior segments and bend the head toward the terminal extremity.
In repose, the anterior rings are merely shortened. The larval
transformation takes place in a superficial cell excavated from the

surface.

1. D. lineata Fabr. Sphinx daucus Cramer. Figured in Cram. pl. 125.
Sm. Abb. pl. 39.

Palpi white beneath. Head and thorax dark olive with a white
line on each side extending to the end of tegulz, where it is edged
above slightly with blackish; two white dorsal lines and one on
superior edge of the tegule. Abdomen greenish-brown, tinged
with reddish on the sides: a white dorsal line with a double row
of black dorsal spots and lateral alternate white and black spots.
Anterior wings deep olivaceous, with a straight buff-colored band
from the inner margin of the base to the tip, and its basal and
apical portion whitish; the olivaceous portions of the wing are
bordered and shaded with black; a white discal line and all the
nervules white except the apical; a marginal bluish-gray space
and fringes dark buff. Posterior wings black, costa brownish,
with a rose-colored central band, including a white spot near the
inner margin and a marginal reddish line; fingers white.

Mature Larva, Head dark green, dotted with yellow dots.
Body uniform yellowish-green; a dorsal patch on first segment
darker and dotted with yellowish-white ; a subdorsal row of ellip-
tical spots, connected by an intermediate faint yellow line; the
spots consist of two curved short black lines, inclosing superiorly an
orange-yellow dash, and inferiorly the yellow subdorsal line. The
stigmate are reddish-orange, black margined on a yellow base.

DEILEPHILA. * 165

Shield and terminal prolegs roughened with white dots; caudal
horn yellowish-orange toward extremity, and rough. Feet yellow.
Length about three inches.

Pupation. The pupa is light brown, the head-case compressed
laterally and prominent; tongue-case not apparent. In Pennsy]-
vania the first brood of larve reach maturity about the latter part
of July, and appear as imago about the middle of August. There
is doubtless a second brood, but I have never seen them during
autumn. In Texas, the first brood of perfect insects occurs from
about March 10th to April, and there is another about the middle
of July.

food-plants. Portulacca oleracea (purslane) and the turnip. I
have, however, fed the larva in confinement on the leaves of the
apple-tree.

Mexico; West Indies; Canada; entire United States; the
western plains to the Rocky Mountains, and California.

CLEMENS.

2. D. chameenerii Harris. D. intermedia Kirby, Faun. Bor. Am. p. 302.
Figured in Agass. Lake Sup. pl. 7.

Palpi beneath whitish. Head and thorax olive-brown, with a
white line on the sides, margined on the tegule above with black-
ish. Abdomen brownish-olive, with small dorsal white spots,
with two lateral alternate white and black patches on the sides at
the base, fourth segment immaculate and fifth and sixth white
spotted. Beneath, the thorax is testaceous and the abdomen dark
brownish with white lines on the hind: portions of the segments.
Anterior wings deep olivaceous, with a buff-colored band from
the inner margin of the base to the tip, sinuous posteriorly and
irregularly indented before; a black patch at the base and one at
the origin of disco-central nervule, with an indistinct whitish discal
spot. The terminal margin dull brown and black, margined
before; fringes brown. Posterior wings black, with a rose-colored
central band, deepening toward the inner margin and including a
white spot; the hind margin is indistinctly marked with reddish,
and the fringes white.

Mature Larva. Green, somewhat bronzed, dull red beneath ;
with nine round cream-colored spots encircled with black on each
side, and a dull red caudal horn. Harris.

166 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Food-plants. Epilobium angustifolium (great willow-herb).
Canada— United States.

CLEMENS.
[ Dr. Clemens regards this species, on the authority of Walker,
as identical with . gal of Hurope.—J. G. M.]

PERGESA WALKER.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis long. Palpi as usual.
Antenne slender, rather longer than the thorax. Abdomen ob-
lanceolate, more than twice the length of the thorax. Legs long,
slender; hind tibiae with four long spurs. Wings rather long,
moderately broad, very slightly denticulated along the exterior
border. Fore wings hardly convex in front, acuminated; exterior
border rather oblique, very slightly undulating, its fore part very
slightly concave. Hind wings rounded at the tips.

In the European Porcellus the head is free, short, obtuse, and
broad. The body short and stout. The palpi project beyond the
clypeus; the eyes are quite small but salient; the tongue scarcely
as long as the body; the antenne rather clavato-prismatic, with a
short hook and seta. The thorax is short and obtuse in front.
The length of the anterior wings about equal to that of the body,
and are a little more than twice longer than broad across the inner
angle. The hind margin of the posterior wings is slightly wavy.
The individuals were formerly part of the genus Cherocampa.

Larva. Smooth, anterior segments retractile, with ocellated
spots on the sides of the fifth and sixth, and without a caudal horn.

1. P. thorates Hibner, Exot. Schmett. f. 525.

Green, testaceous beneath. Head and thorax with a white line
on each side. Thorax and abdomen somewhat golden-hued on the
sides. Abdomen rufo-fawn color, with green along the dorsum
toward the base, and a row of yellow dorsal dots. Anterior wings
with interrupted whitish bands curving from inner margin to costa,.
and tinged with rufescent; with brown lines at base of the nervules,
and a greenish patch over the middle of median nervules, with a
pale brown apical patch above it; marginal space rufo-brownish.

DARAPSA. 167

Posterior wings blackish at base, with a broad, median, luteous
band, and a brown marginal band.

Var. Bp. Male. Fawn-color; anterior wings gray and brown
mixed, with a silvery discal spot. Posterior luteous, interrupted
with ferruginous along exterior margin.

Var. y. Female. Anterior wings rufescent, banded with gray
and brown mixed.

Mexico; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

DARAPSA WALKER.

_ Size moderate, body rather slender and tapering. The head is
small, narrow, and almost sessile; the vertex subtufted, front ver-
tical; the eyes small; the palpi short and rather slender; the
tongue about one-half as long as the body; the antenne a little
longer than the thorax, slender and almost filiform, with a long
hook without seta. The thorax is rather short, almost globosely
rounded infront. The abdomen oblanceolate, thrice as long as
the thorax. The anterior wings are as long, or somewhat longer
than the body, twice and a half longer than broad across the inte-
rior angle; the tips acuminated, the hind margin excavated rather
deeply from beneath the tip to medio-superior vein, and thence
convex to the interior angle; the inner margin deeply concave
above interior angle. Posterior wings with tips rather pointed
and hind margin somewhat excavated before the interior angle.
Male. Antenne prismatic and ciliferous. Memale, Antenne slen-
der and almost filiform.

Larva. Head very small and elongate-globose. The body
tapers suddenly to the head, from the anterior portion of the third
segment, which, together with the fourth and fifth, are much swollen.
The anterior rings are retractile within the fourth. -A caudal horn
on the eleventh segment. It is ornamented with a subdorsal line
and irregularly oval lateral patches. The larval transformation
takes place on the surface of the ground in an imperfect cocoon,
consisting of vegetable debris united by silken threads.

168 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

During the day the larva conceals itself beneath a leaf, stretch-
ing out the body on the midrib.

1. D. cheerilus Cramer, II, 91, pl. 247. Sphinx azalea Abbot & Smith.
Cherocampa cherilus Harris. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 27.

Head, palpi and thorax ferruginous brown, with a spot at the
base of anterior wings, and tegule behind tipped with brownish-
gray. The abdomen fawn color, with the hairs of the hind portions
of segments whitish. The anterior wings are fawn color, tinged
with reddish from the base to the middle; a broad ferruginous
brown shade crossing the nervules, and composed of three lines
having between them two rows of indistinct, fawn-colored spots ;
marginal space grayish at the tip, and obscure purplish toward the
interior angle; a ferruginous brown line across the middle of the
disk, and another, rather indistinct, near the base. Posterior wings
ferruginous, deepening to a ferruginous brown narrow border, on
the excavated portion of the hind margin; fringes whitish.

Mature Larva. Head green, with a narrow, central, brownish
line. Body green, deepening on the sides and whitish on the dor-
sal region, with six oblique, irregularly oval, lateral whitish bands;
stigmatee orange; horn bluish-green. A variety is represented by
Abbot & Smith in which the green color is replaced by pale fer-
ruginous and the bands the same; horn dark brown. (Abbot &
Smith.)

Pupation. Undergoes the larval transformation in an imperfect
cocoon on the surface of the ground. Abbot & Smith represent
that in Georgia the first brood enter the pupa state about the mid-
dle of May and appear as perfect insects during the middle of
June; another became a pupa September 16th and an imago on
April 16th following.

Food-plants. Azalea nudiflora. (Abbot.)

Georgia; Massachusetts; Connecticut; New York.
CLEMENS.

2. D. myron Cramer, III, 91, pl. 247. Sphinx pampinatrix Abbot & Smith,
I. Otus cnotus Hiibn. Cherocampa pampinatrix Harris. Figured
in Cram. pl. 247.

Head, palpi, prothorax and tegule dull dark green; a whitish
patch at the base of anterior wings, the tegule beneath edged with
whitish and a triangular whitish line on dorsum of thorax. Abdo-

DARAPSA, _ 169

men dull greenish. Anterior wings dull pale green from the base
to about the middle, with discal spot and a moderate band across
the middle of disk dark green; a broad dark green shade across
the nervules, divided in the middle by an indistinct lighter line, and
deeply excavated posteriorly, where there is a dull greenish cine-
reous marginal patch. Posterior wings ferruginous, with a dusky
green patch near the interior angle.

Mature Larva. Head pale green, with an indistinct, lateral
yellowish line. - Body pale green, inclining to yellowish and deep-
ening in color beneath the subdorsal lines, which are greenish-
white, and curve on the sides from first segment to base of caudal
horn, with seven irregularly oval, greenish-white patches inclosing
orange-colored stigmatz and bordered beneath with dark green.
There are several small crimson vascular spots on the dorsum.
Sometimes reddish-brown, and the subdorsal lines and lateral
patches tinged with reddish. Horn reddish-brown, with black
tubercles. ;

Pupation. Transforms on the surface in an imperfect cocoon.
Pupa \ateous with the wing-cases brown and dotted with lines of
black dots; eye-cases black; abdomen with the incisions between
the segments black and round black lateral spots. The fall brood
of larve enter the pupa state from the latter part of August to
the middle of September.

Pennsylvania; Massachusetts; Georgia; New York.

CLEMENS.

3. D. pholus Cramer. Figured in Cram. I, pl. 87.

Rufescent. Fore wings blackish-brown, with a gray triangular
discal patch; a fawn-colored patch on the median nervules and a
red submarginal line, with two marginal brown bands, one arising
on the costa at about the origin of post-apical vein, and the other
near the margin itself. Posterior wings red, paler towards the base.

West Indies.

Tongue scarcely one-half as long as the body. Anterior wings

excavated behind the tip.
CLEMENS.

4. D. versicolor. Cherocampa versicolor Harris, p. 303, 3.

Pale green varied with olive and whitish. A white line on each
side of the head, a dorsal white line, tinged with reddish and ex-
tending from the head to the tip of the abdomen; prothorax and

170 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.
‘

edges of tegule above and beneath margined by white lines. A
metathoracic spot on each side, and the middle of the abdominal
segments tinged with dark buff, with the hind margins of the seg-
ments dark green from the base to the middle and thence to the
tip reddish-brown. Anterior wings slightly ferruginous at the
base, with narrow olive-green and dull white bands, the latter
slightly tinged with ferruginous, arising at the inner margin of the
base and curving to the costa from the basal portion of the disk
to beyond the origin of post-apical nervule; an oblique whitish
apical line with an olive-green patch adjoining and before it, in the
post-apical interspace, and the line edged with olive-green in the
apical interspace. Hind wings rust colored, with an indistinct,
greenish terminal margin. Under surface of anterior wings pale
sulphureous; toward the base pale ferruginous, with an olive streak
along the costa from the base widening toward the tip. Posterior
wings olive-green powdered with white at the base.

Massachusetts.
CLEMENS.

Grove II.

~ Prohoscis moderately long. Wings long, rather narrow. Fore

wings slightly acuminated, convex in front toward the tips; exte-
rior border slightly convex, very oblique; interior border slightly
concave from half its length to the interior angle. Hind wings
hardly acuminated. |

5. D. rhodocera Walker, p. 184.

Fawn color, paler beneath. Sides of the head and of the thorax
whitish. Antenne rose color above. Abdomen paler than the
thorax, with a blackish spot on each side at the base. Fore wings
with a cinereous tinge, with an oblique exterior line, with a brown-
ish discal dot, and with two diffuse ferruginous spots, one in front,
the other behind; ciliz ferruginous. Hind wings blackish, whitish
about the interior angle; cilix mostly whitish. Length of the
body 17 lines; of the wings 36 lines. .

St. Domingo.

CLEMENS.

CH@ROCAMPA. 1%

CHGROCAMPA Dorp.

The body in this group is slender, long and tapering. The
thorax is smooth, rather short, advanced in front of the base of
the anterior wings and tapers on the sides to the head. The head
is rather large, prominent and moderately broad; the front smooth,
conical and broad; the eyes moderate and salient; the palpi
ascending to a level with the front; the tongue extends to the
end of the abdomen; the antenne are short, but longer than the
thorax, clavato-prismatic, terminating suddenly in a short hook
and seta. The abdomen is quite long, more than twice longer
than thorax, oblanceolate, tapering very much to the tip, which is
acute. The wings are narrow, the anterior three times longer than
broad across the inner angle, and the length much less than that
of the body; the tip very acute, the hind border very oblique and
nearly straight or slightly excavated beneath the tip. Hind wings,
the tip somewhat acuminated, hind border very oblique, and
interior angle well marked. The legs are long and slender, the
anterior tibiz hairy, and hind tibize with four moderate spurs.

Larva. The head is small and the anterior segments very much
attenuated from the third, and retractile; third and fourth swollen,
with a large subdorsal ocellus on the latter, followed by a row
of ocelli, similar; eleventh segment with a caudal horn (Abbot &
Smith). The larval transformation takes place in an imperfect
cocoon spun on the surface of the ground.

1. C. tersa Drury. Theretra tersa Hiibner. Cherocampa tersa. Metop-
silus tersa Duncan. Figured in Drury, I, pl. 28, Nat. Libr. vol.
EXXVi. pl. 5.

Palpi pale ferruginous beneath; head and thorax brownish
olive, with a lateral whitish line inclining to roseate on the sides;
tegule slightly edged above with ferruginous. Abdomen with a
broad, dorsal, dusky band, containing five indistinct darker lines
and lateral band on each side, rusty yellow. Anterior wings
greenish brown, slightly glaucous toward the base, with a minute
discal spot, dark brown, and with numerous oblique, alternate,

172 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dark brown and yellowish lines, extending from near the base and
middle of inner margin to the tip, with a straight, brownish, sub-
marginal line. Posterior wings black, with a row of subterminal
yellow spots.

Mature Larva. Light green, with a large, subdorsal, crimson
ocellus on the fourth segment, containing a blue ring and edged
with black and white rings, with six others smaller and similar,
placed on a white subdorsal line, which begins on the second seg-
ment and extends to the crimson caudal horn. The dorsum is
dashed with brown points; stigmata yellow dotted with black
points above and below. (Abbot & Smith.)

S. America; Mexico; W. Indies; Southern States; Illinois;
Ohio; Texas.

CLEMENS.

2. C. chiron Drury, I, 50, pl. 26. Sphinx nechus Cramer. Theretra nechus
Hibner.

Green, sometimes ferruginous fawn-color; a line on the sides of
head and thorax and body beneath whitish testaceous. Fore wings
dark green; with a pale yellow streak at the base of the inner
margin, and an irregular, oblique brown, or testaceous band tra-
versing the lower part of the nervules, enlarging toward the inner
margin and extended above on it asa line. Posterior wings black,
with a band of pale yellow spots. Abdomen green, slightly gilded
on the sides, with a double row of black dorsal dots. Legs very
long.

S. America; Mexico; West Indies.
CLEMENS.

§§ Fore wings very acute and somewhat hooked.
3. C. falco Walker, p. 132.

Fawn-colored, whitish testaceous beneath. Head and thorax
with a whitish stripe along each side. Disk of the thorax cinere-
ous brown. Abdomen brown, with a fawn-colored stripe along
each side, and a double dorsal whitish line. Fore wings with
blackish speckles, with a blackish discal dot and with several black-
ish, slightly oblique, posterior lines, slightly hooked and more
acute at the tips than in the other species of this genus. Hind
wings with two blackish stripes; exterior border slightly emargin-
ate. Length of the body 15—19 lines; of the wings 30—40 lines.

Mexico.
CLEMENS.

CHGROCAMPA. 143

§ Hind border of anterior wings nearly strarght.
4. C. procne Clemens.

Head and thorax dull brown (if not faded), with a broad whitish
stripe on the sides, extended to the lower edge of tegule. Abdo-
men brownish testaceous, with faint dark brown dorsal marks in
atoms. Anterior wings rather pale brownish, punctated with dark
atoms and with obscure dark brown lines extending from the base
to the tip; discal spot dark brown and small. Posterior wings
uniform blackish-brown. Under surface of the wings brownish,
somewhat tinged with rufous, and with two rows of brown spots
in the middle of the posterior.

California.
CLEMENS.

§§ Fore wings very acute and somewhat hooked.
5. C. drancus Cramer, II, 56, pl. 132. Xylophanes drancus Hiibner.

Blackish-brown; sides of head and thorax with a white line, and
a white dorsal line extending from the head to tip of the abdomen;
tegule edged above with reddish-brown, beneath with white. The
base of abdomen with two reddish-brown bands. Anterior wings
blackish-brown, discal spot black; several lines extending from the
inner margin to the tip, three of which in the middle of the wing
arise from a blackish patch on the inner margin placed on a fawn-
colored ground and a single black, subterminal line placed between
two dark brown lines. Posterior wings uniform dark brown.
(Cramer’s figure.)

West Indies.

CLEMENS.

§§ Anterior wings acute and somewhat hooked.

The following species resembles in some respects Mr. Walker’s
erotonis, but I think it is not the same.

6. C. nitidula Clemens.

Head and thorax with a rufo-whitish line on each side. Head
and anterior portion of tegule dark brown, tinged with greenish,
with the disk brown. Abdomen brown, paler on the sides, with a
double row of dorsal dark brown dots and a black patch on the
sides at the base. Anterior wings dull greenish-brown, with a

174 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

large black spot on the inner margin near the base; discal spot
small and black; a@ single brownish line from the inner margin to
the tip; with two rows of indistinct brownish dots on the nervules °
before it, and a more decided row behind, near the posterior mar-
gin. Posterior wings black, with a row of central, pale testaceous,
triangular spots, and a narrow terminal border of the same hue.

Under surface of the wings, disk of the anterior blackish, and
thence rufescent brown; posterior wings rufescent brown, with two
lines of dark brown dots.

Mexico.
CLEMENS.

§ Hind border of anterior wings nearly straight.
7. C. versuta Clemens.

Head and thorax brown. Abdomen brown, with black rings
between the basal segments and a black spot on each side of the
basal segment. Anterior wings brown with a faint wavy line and
narrow band across the middle of the disk, somewhat deeper brown;
discal spot small and dark brown; an oblique brownish band ex-
tending from the origin of subcosto-inferior vein toward the inner
angle, followed by two short lines of the same hue; a blackish.
brown, irregular, wavy line, extending from the costa near the ori-
gin of the post-apical vein to inner margin above the angle, and
another of the same hue joining it by an angle on the disco-central
vein, and extended very irregularly from near the tip to the inner
angle, and shaded toward the hind margin of the wing with dark
brownish. Posterior wings dark brown, dull greenish at the base,
with an irregular, central, luteous band, tinged with orange.

Mexico.
CLEMENS.

AMBULYX Boisp.

_ Body rather slender or hardly stout. Head prominent, conical,
obtuse. Proboscis long. Antenne minutely serrated. Abdomen
long, oblanceolate. Legs slender; hind tibize with four very long
spurs. Wings narrow and very long, especially in the typical spe-
cies, A. strigilis. Fore wings slightly curved in front toward the
tips, which are acuminated ; exterior border excavated by the tip,
nearly straight, and extremely oblique from thence to the interior

PHILAMPELUS. 175

angle, where the interior border forms an inward curve; second
inferior vein (superior) nearly twice further from the third (poste-
rior) than from the first (disco-central); third more than twice:
further from the fourth than from the second. Hind wings some-
what emarginate along the exterior border. Walker.

1. A. strigilis Linn. Mant. I, 558.

Pale fawn color, luteous beneath. Head with a furcate ferrugi-
nous brown spot between the antenne and thorax, with two large
lateral patches of the same hue. Antenne white. Abdomen with
a brown dorsal line and oblique brown lateral streaks, edged with

.testaceous. Anterior wings fawn color, with separated, oblique
ferruginous streaks on the costa, four abbreviated, wavy blackish-
brown lines crossing the middle of the nervules, a few spots on the
inner margin, and a marginal black line (bordered above in Cra-
mer’s figure with blue). Posterior wings luteous or pale orange,
with three angulated brownish lines and brownish terminal margin.

South America; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

2. A. ganascus Stoll, Cramer, V, 157, pl. 35, f. 3.

Fawn color; head witha band between the antenne, the tegule
and a band at the base of the abdomen dark greenish-brown. The
antenne white. Abdomen fawn-color, with brown or ferruginous
dorsal spots. Anterior wings brown, with a glaucous hue; a rect-
angular spot on the base of the inner margin dark greenish-brown,
edged with testaceous; a small round one at the base, two in the
disk, another near the tip on costa, one in medio-posterior inter-
space and a small one above the interior angle of the same hue
and edged with greenish. Posterior roseate, with three angulated
blackish-brown bands sometimes dilated and somewhat connected.

‘South America; Mexico; West Indies.

CLEMENS. |

PHILAMPELUS Harris.

The body is large and thick. The head rather large, free and
prominent, with the front long, smooth, conical and rather broad ;
the eyes large or moderate; the palpi ascending and pressed
closely to the front; the tongue as long as the body; the antenne

176 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

long, exceeding the thorax, slender and tapering at the extremity .
into an ample hook with seta. The thorax is thick, moderately
advanced in front of the base of anterior wings androunded. The
abdomen large, thick, cylindrico-conical and acute at the tip, more
than twice the length of the thorax. The wings are moderately
long; the length of the anterior somewhat more than that of the
body, and about twice and a half longer than broad across the-
inner angle; the hind border entire, slightly excavated from the
tip to medio-superior vein, and thence convex to interior angle, or
very oblique and almost straight, with the inner margin deeply
concave. The posterior are somewhat acuminated at the tips and
the hind margin slightly excavated before the inner angle. The
legs are long but strong, and the hind tibiz with two short and
two long spurs. Male.—Antenne ciliferous. emale.—Antenne
simple.

Larva. The head is small and globose, and the segments of the
body anterior to the fourth much attenuated to the head; these
and the head are capable of being retracted within the fourth,
which is much swollen. Instead of a caudal horn on the eleventh
segment there is a shining lenticular tubercle, and the body at this
part is rounded, and descends very abruptly to the anal shield.
It is ornamented with irregularly oval, stigmatal patches and a
faint subdorsal line.

In repose, or when disturbed, the anterior rings are retracted
within the fourth, causing it to appear truncated and bulbous
anteriorly, and at the same time the body is thrown into a sphinx-
like posture. The larval transformation is subterranean.

The pupa is cylindrico-conical; head-case distinct and promi-

nent; tongue-case not apparent.

§ Myes moderate. Fore wings undulating.

1. P. satellitia Zinn. Ins. II, 148,36. Sphinx lycaon Cramer. A. Pho-
lus lycaon Hiibner. Daphnis pandorus Hiibner. Figured in Drury,
LE pl..20.

Head, tips of the palpi and middle of thorax pale green, basal

PHILAMPELUS. 177

articles of palpi brownish; tegule dark olive, forming a.triangular
patch; a dorsal line on prothorax and two metathoracic patches
dark olive. Abdomen pale brownish tinged with green, with a
dark olive patch on dorsum at the base and a lateral blackish patch
on each side. Anterior wings pale green, with deep olive shades;
a sub-median nearly square patch on inner margin, with a shade
extending to the base, a patch above the interior angle, with a
spot in the medio-posterior interspace separated from it by the
nervule, and almost bordered by a faint line which is angulated on
the medio-central, a sub-apical patch and a broad disco-median
shade, all deep olive; a double blackish discal spot. The medio-
central and posterior nervules and the space between the patches
on the inner margin, tinged with roseate; a few olive-colored
dashes across the disk and two lines of the same hue, sometimes
faint, crossing the nervules from the hind portion of sub-median
patch. Posterior wings pale green, with a large, round black
patch toward the middle of inner margin, and a broad sub-terminal
black demi-band terminating in blackish lines and a row of spots
toward inner margin, on a roseate ground.

Mature Larva. Head green. Body pale green on dorsum,
deepening on the sides, with minute dark green rings, which be-
come on the dorsum dark green dots. Six short, irregularly oval
patches on the sides, margined with a black line, inclosing the
stigmate, which are bordered with pale crimson. ‘The lenticular
tubercle black ‘and contained in a yellow patch bordered with
black.

ood-plants. Indigenous and exotic grape-vines and Ampe-
lopsis.

South America; Mexico; West Indies; United States.

CLEMENS.

2. P. achemon Drury. Sphinx crantor Cramer. Pholus crantor Hiibner.
Figured in Drury, II, pl. 20.

The head, tips of the palpi and “disk of the thorax fawn-color
with a grayish hue; basal articles of the palpi dark reddish-brown ;
tegule deep ferruginous brown, forming a triangular patch mar-
gined with whitish. The abdomen pale reddish-brown with a cu-
preous lustre, and the hind portions of the segments tipped with
white. Anterior wings dusky fawn-color, sometimes pale-fawn
color, with a ferruginous brown dot at the base, a square sub-me-

178 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dian patch on the inner margin, a patch above the inner angle
divided toward its apex by the medio-posterior nervule and a large
sub-apical patch, ferruginous brown; from the sub-median patch
two faint brown lines are thrown off posteriorly to the costa, the
most exterior being angulated on the medio-central vein, and from
its anterior portion are two other diverging brownish lines, with a
faint line above them near the base of the wing; the disco-median
shade is rather faint and brownish. The posterior wings are pink,
deepening in intensity toward the middle of inner margin, and
above the interior angle is a reddish-brown streak; a subterminal
row of ferruginous brown spots from the middle to the interior angle,
and a broad dusky terminal band. 'The under surface of the wings
is roseate.

Young Larva. Green, with yellow lateral stripes edged with
black, and a long, recurved, slender reddish horn.

Mature Larva. Head reddish-brown. Body pale reddish-
brown on the dorsum, with a darker vascular line, and pale-reddish
subdorsal line on each side, and the general color deepened late-
rally. Six lateral, short, irregularly-oval white patches bordered
with black, containing the stigmate. The anterior rings are dot-
ted with blackish. The lenticular tubercle is black, and contained
in a brown patch edged with adjacent black and white lines.

Hood-plants. The grape.

New York; Pennsylvania.

out fi CLEMENS.

3. P. typhon Klug, Neue Schmett. pl. 3, f. 1.

Cinereous, reddish beneath. Palpired. Thorax with two dark-
brown abbreviated stripes. Abdomen with dark-brown bands, red
on the sides. Anterior wings glaucescent and testaceous mixed,
with several blackish-brown sub-trigonate patches. | Posterior
wings red, with a denticulated black band varied with glaucescent,
with the exterior margin brown, and the cilia white.

Closely allied to P. achemon.

Mexico.

CLEMENS.
4, P. labrusce. — Madam Merian, Ins. Sur. pl. 34.

Green, testaceous beneath. The abdomen sometimes, and rarely
the whole body and anterior wings, testaceous. Abdomen with a

PHILAMPELUS. 179

black spot at base on each side, beneath and at sides spotted with
white. Anterior wings green, with two darker bands margined
with white, one of which crosses the disk, and meets an oblique one
on the inner margin. Posterior wings blue, with a black angu-
lated band edged interiorly with red, and a sub-terminal black
band breaking into black lines toward interior angle on a reddish
sround; terminal margin testaceous.

S. America; Mexico; West Indies.
CLEMENS.

§§ Hyes large. Fore wings nearly straight.

5. P. vitis Linn. Merian, Ins. Surin. Philampelus hornbeckiana Harris,
p. 299, note. (2?) Figured in Drury, I, pl. 28. Cram. pl. 267. Sm.
Abb. I, pl. 46. . ’

Head and thorax grayish tinged with greenish. Thorax with a
dorsal dark olive line, tegulz dark olive, edged with white. Abdo-
men dark olive, paler on the sides, with a pale dorsal line; a blackish
patch on the sides at base, and a dark olive dorsal patch at the
base. Anterior wings deep.olive, with a double whitish transverse
line toward the base, a pale buff-colored band (in faded specimens
white or whitish), extending from the base to the tip, crossed by
another of the same hue from the lower third of inner margin to
costa, beyond the origin of post-apical vein, and containing poste-
riorly a dark olive line; the nervules of the median nerve pale
flesh color, or whitish, when faded ; discal spot double and black.
Posterior wings pale-green, pale-yellowish along the costa, with a
central black line terminating in a black patch, near the middle of
inner margin, and a sub-terminal black band tapering to interior
angle; the inner margin rose-red, inclosing above the interior
angle a whitish spot; terminal margin cinereous.

Mature Larva. Wead reddish, with two black lines in front.
Body flesh color mixed with yellow, and with short, transverse black
lines. The lateral semi-oval bands are yellowish-white, edged with
black. Body beneath the stigmate is greenish, with black lines
and stigmatal. blackish dots on the three anterior segments; lenti-
cular tubercle blackish with dorsal black lines. Abbot and Smith.

Pupation. According to Abbot and Smith, it enters the pupa
state August 14th, and appears as an imago September 7th. An-

other became a pupa September 29th, and appeared July 18th fol-
lowing.

180 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Food-plants. Jussieua erecta (decurrens) ?
S. America; Mexico; West Indies; Southern U. States.
CLEMENS.
The following species approaches P. vitis so nearly in its orna-
mentation, that I am much disposed to place it as a variety. But
for the present, perhaps, it is better to represent it as distinct.

6. P. jussieuze Hiibner. Sphinz fasciatus Sulz.

Pale buff, tinged with reddish. Head and thorax with a dorsal
olivaceous green line. Thorax with two broad olivaceous green
stripes. Abdomen with two black spots at the base on the sides,
and two dorsal olivaceous green stripes. Anterior wings oliva-
ceous green, costa reddish-brown, with a discal mark, a transverse
streak near the base, with two connected bands along the middle,
and the veins pale buff; exterior margin reddish-brown. Poste-
rior wings pale-green, rosy along the inner margin and exterior
half of terminal border, with two black spots near the middle of
inner margin, and a sub-terminal black band ending in short lines,
and a dusky patch at inner angle.

S. America; West Indies; Mexico.

CLEMENS.

PACHYLIA WALKER.

The body is large and thick. The head is large, free and promi-
nent; the front smooth, long, broad and elliptical: the palpi ascend
to its level; the eyes are large or very large, salient and hemi-
spherical; the tongue strong and thick, but when unrolled extends
only to about the third abdominal segment; the antenne are about
as long as the thorax, with a long hook, compressed laterally.
The thorax is smooth, immaculate, thick and cylindrical, well ad-
vanced in front of the base of anterior wings, and tapering on the
sides to the head. The abdomen is large, nearly cylindrical or
oblanceolate, generally rather more than twice the length of the
thorax. The wings are about equal in length to that of the body,
or somewhat longer, and about twice and a half longer than broad
across the inner angle; the hind margin of the anterior entire,

PACHYLIA. 181

almost obliquely convex, but slightly excavated near the tip and
above inner angle, or more decidedly excavated and rounded in
the middle, with the tip acuminated ; the inner margin deeply con-
cave above inner angle. The posterior wings are suddenly curved
above the tip, and the hind margin slightly denticulated, or almost
straight. The legs are strong and moderately long, the posterior
tibie having two very short external and two long internal spurs.
Male, antenne prismatic and well ciliated. Female, antenne
simple.

The specimens of the perfect insects of this genus in my
possession most undoubtedly show strong affinities to that of Phi-
lampelus. I am at a loss to conceive wherein Mr. Walker can
perceive any affinity to Macroglossa, unless it be in reswmens and
inconspicua. 'These species I have never seen, and the generic
diagnosis given above cannot, therefore, include any structural
peculiarities which may characterize them.

l. P. ficus Merian, pl. 33.

Pale luteous brown, varied with dark brown. Head, thorax
and palpi dark brown. Abdomen pale brown on the sides and
between the basal segments; the two basal segments banded with
blackish-brown. Anterior wings luteous-brown, with dark brown
markings; a patch at the base and a single line nearly joining it,
three wavy lines crossing the middle of the disk, a conspicuous
discal spot, a patch near the origins of medio-superior and central
nervules, a small patch on the inner margin beneath it, consisting
of three short lines, the most posterior of which is the continua-
tion of the upper of three separated, denticulated lines curving
across the middle of the nervules. A semi-oval, apical, pale,
greenish-brown patch, pointed on the tip and bordered beneath by
a dark brown triangular shade, the tip of which reaches the medio-
central nervule on the’ margin. Posterior wing pale luteous, with
a broad central black band and a broad marginal band of the same
hue tapering towards the inner margin, with an indistinct line of
the same hue above it; inner angle covered with niveous scales.

Mexico; West Indies; S. America.
CLEMENS.

182 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

I think the following is the male of P. jicws. Should the con-
jecture be wrong, I would propose for it the name P. lyncea.

Bright pure brown somewhat tinged with ferruginous. Thorax
with a purplish reflection. Palpi beneath white. Abdomen paler
than thorax, pale yellowish on the sides and between the basal
rings. Anterior wings with a paler rather broad stripe near the
base containing a dark brown line and indistinct lines of the same -
hue crossing the middle of the disk; discal spot conspicuous, fer-
ruginous brown, with three separated, denticulated, rather indis-
tinct dark brown lines crossing the middle of the nervules; a
semi-oval, apical, pale luteous patch, bordered beneath by a tri-
angular ferruginous brown shade, with a pale purplish patch at
the interior angle. Posterior wings ochraceous, with a central
black band not extended to costa, and a marginal blackish band
tapering toward the inner angle, bordered above by a series of
black dots on the nervules continued as a line toward the inner
margin; the inner angle covered above with niveous scales. The
wings beneath ochraceous, both anterior and posterior with a row
of sub-terminal blackish dots and the latter with a faint central
dark line.

From the Smithsonian Institution. Capt. Pope’s collection in

Texas,
CLEMENS.

Anterior wings rather narrower than the preceding, more pointed
at the tip and the hind border more distinctly sinuous.

2. P. inornata Clemens. Sphinx jficus Cramer.

Dull greenish-brown or dark reddish-brown. Abdomen rusty
brown on the sides. Anterior wings in the ° with an olivaceous
hue toward the base and somewhat purplish posteriorly. A pale
brownish nearly semi-circular patch on the middle of costa extend-
ing beneath to the medio-superior and behind to the post-apical
nervule; this is bordered by a broad umber brown band, which
sends off to the middle of inner margin a short band of the same
hue. There is only one distinct denticulated umber-brown line
crossing the middle of the nervules, and is sometimes obsolete. A
semi-oval, apical pale brown patch, tinged with dull greenish and
bordered beneath by a triangular umber-brown shade. Posterior
wings nearly concolorous. umber-brown, or deep reddish-brown,

MACROSILA. 1838

deepened to an obscure marginal blackish band. The inner angle
curved above with niveous scales.

Honduras and Brazil.
CLEMENS.

3. P. resumens Walker, p. 190.

Fawn color, paler beneath. Abdomen with a black band on
each of the three basal segments; the four following segments
with two black spots on each. Fore wings with seyeral undu-
lating transverse brown lines, with a brown discal dot, and with
three brown dots near the interior angle; exterior border cinereous.
Hind wings paler, with a black discal stripe, which is connected
at the tip of the wings with a black marginal stripe. Length of
the body 17—18 lines; of the wings 40—42 lines.

Var. B.—Cinereous brown. Hind wings dull pale fawn color,
greenish toward the base.

S. America; Honduras; West Indies.
CLEMENS.

4. P. inconspicua Walker, p. 190.

Fawn-color, testaceous beneath. Abdomen with two rows of
black dots, and toward the base with two interrupted black bands.
Fore wings with three undulating oblique blackish lines, a little
darker between the third line and the exterior border. Hind
wings a little paler than the fore wings, with two dark brown
Stripes, the one discal, the other marginal; a brown undulating
line between them. Length of the body 21 lines; of the wings
A8 lines.

Jamaica,
CLEMENS.

MACROSILA WALKER.

Size large, or very large, body thick and long. The head is
large, free and advanced; the front very broad and long, taper-
ing but little to the tips of the palpi; the eyes very large and
salient; the antenne clavato-prismatic, with a short hook and seta;
the palpi very thick and ascending, and pressed against the front ;
the tongue twice or nearly twice the length of the body, or about
one-third longer. The thorax is large and thick, somewhat rounded

184 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

in front, and tapering moderately on the sides to the head.. The
abdomen is tapering and cylindrico-conical, at least twice the
length of the thorax. The wings are long, entire; the anterior
rather broad across the inner angle, which is dilated, the hind
margin obliquely convex, sometimes slightly wavy, and the interior
margin with a long concave excision. The legs are long and
strong, the posterior tibie having four very long spurs.

This group is very closely allied to Sphinx by the characters of
the perfect insect, and I have hesitated much whether to restrict
its limits as described by Mr. Walker, or to extend it. The gene-
ral agreement in the length of the tongue of such individuals here
included as I have been able to examine, has led me to take the
latter course. This will doubtless be regarded as objectionable,
- but I think a greater degree of clearness of arrangement is
attained. Under any arrangement portions of the two groups as
compared to each other do not present well-marked or decided
differences, and if some of the members of the present one strongly
recall that of Sphinx, one member of the latter reproduces in its
structure most of the peculiarities of Macrosila.

CLEMENS.
1. M. collaris Walker, p. 201.

Hoary, white beneath. Thorax dark-brown in front, and with
some brown marks on each side. Abdomen with a much inter-
rupted, middle, brown line, and with transverse, brown spots along
each side. Wings brown beneath. Fore wings with a white dis-
eal dot, and with oblique, undulating, transverse, brown lines; also
with a testaceous streak which extends from the base to an oblique,
undulating, testaceous band. Hind wings brown, whitish at the
base and along the anterior border, and with two hoary bands.
Length of the body 18—19 lines; of the wings 42—46 lines.

West Indies. .

CLEMENS.
2. M. hasdrubal Cramer, pl. 246, f. F.

Somewhat hoary. Head and thorax grayish-brown, the latter
with a black streak on the upper edge of tegule. Abdomen with
indistinct, lateral, blackish patches, edged before with whitish.

MACROSILA. 185

Fore wings with a black streak at the base, with two wavy, black
lines crossing the posterior part of the disk; black marks on the
costa, and marginal black spots and a series of dots on the median
nervules. Hind wings blackish-brown, white along the interior
angle, with brown undulating lines. JMale.—The anterior wings
principally brown. (Smaller than the @ with the black lines more
distinct. The under surface in both ash-gray, with two brown
bands.—Poey.) 7

Mature Larva. Gen. Char.—Head large. Body nearly uni-
formly cylindrical, with anal shield, broad and truncate at the ex-
tremity. Caudal horn extremely, long, slender, and membranous.—
Head reddish-brown. Body black, with nine or ten bright yellow,
transverse bands on the middle of the segments. ‘The first seg-
ment, the prolegs and a spot, whence rises the caudal horn, red-
dish-brown, dotted with black. (Poey’s jig.)

Pupation. The larval transformation takes place on the surface,
where the pupa is covered simply by the superficial debris. The
pupa is represented without the detached tongue-case. (Poey.)

Food-plants. The larva feeds on a species of Plumieria,

South America and Central ; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

I think it doubtful whether Cramer’s JZ hydraspus and medor are
the same species, but having no specimen of the former, I am un-
able to determine the question. The general markings of the ante-
rior wings are very similar, but hydraspus has three white spots on
each side of the posterior abdominal segments, besides the three
yellow spots on the basal rings. This is a peculiarity neither of
the male nor female medor of Cramer.

Prof. Poey regards his J. duponchel as differing specifically from
medor of Cramer, and antaeus of Drury. His figure, however,
does not differ from a specimen in the Acad. Nat. Sciences from
Jamaica, nor from a Mexican specimen in my own collection, ex-
cept that the latter is much larger than either, and the subterminal
line in Poey’s figure is more distinctly edged with white.

186 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The third article of palpi a small terminal hook; anterior wings
slightly wavy.
8M. antesus ——. Merian, @. 2. ‘“Sphing Rydraspuat Oremen ©) at)
Sphinx medor Cramer, f. A. Sphinx jatrophe Fabr. 18; Mant. Ins.
I. 94, 21; Ent. Syst. IM, 1, 362, 22. Gmel. Syst. Nat. I, 5, 2376,
63. Oocytius jatrophe Hiibner. Amphonyx duponchel Poey.

Palpi blackish-brown, beneath yellowish-white. Head, thorax,
and abdomen, blackish-brown, intermixed with gray atoms; te-
gule with a black streak, edged beneath with whitish ; abdomen
with a dorsal row of black spots, and three large yellow spots on
each side at the base edged with black, and black spots from the
last to the tip of abdomen. Anterior wings blackish-brown,
sprinkled with grayish scales; a grayish spot at the base, with a
double, angular, black line crossing the middle of disk to the upper
third. of inner margin, and two or three serrated lines of the same
hue on the middle of the nervules, and a subterminal black line
curving from the costa, near the origin of post-apical to near the
inner angle, and edged anteriorly rather broadly with brownish-gray ;
black circlets on the ends of posterior nervules, and a broad black
apical streak ; black streaks in medio-central and posterior inter-
spaces, and two discal whitish spots, one near the sub-median
nerve, and the other near the sub-costal. Posterior wings trans-
parent in the middle, with black nervules and a broad, terminal,
black border, with indistinct, grayish spots above inner angle ; yel-
low at the base. Beneath, the body is whitish, with abdominal
blackish spots; and the wings yellowish toward the base.

South America; Mexico; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

4, M. cluentius Cramer, I, 124, pl. 78, f. B.

Grayish-black, testaceous beneath; antenne testaceous. Tho-
rax fawn-color on the sides. Abdomen black, with a broad cine-
reous stripe, and several lutecous spots on the sides. Anterior
wings with numerous black spots or marks on the costa and inner
margin, and semicircular black marks on the ends of the nervules,
with a subapical streak and stripe behind, fawn-color. Posterior
wings black, with an interrupted median stripe, and the interior
marein luteous.

South America; West Indies.
CLEMENS.

MACROSILA. 187

5. M. rustica Cram. IV, 2], pl. 301. Acherontia chionanthi Hiibner.
Figured in Sulz. pl. 20. Cram. ply 301. Sm. Abb. pl. 34.

Head and ends of palpi blackish-brown, with a short white dash
on the vertex, and white spots at the base of the antenne ; palpi
beneath white. Thorax blackish with white spots on the disk, and
tegula at the base of anterior wings. Abdomen blackish-brown,
with a narrow blackish dorsal line, and three round orange-yellow
spots margined with black on each side, and two rows of dorsal
white spots. The under surface of the thorax and abdomen is
white. Anterior wings blackish-brown, or ferruginous brown,
when faded, mottled with white; a few white spots at the base ;
the middle of disk crossed by two black lines and a brown one,
which is margined on both sides with white, with serrated black
lines traversing the nervules, margined broadly behind with
brownish-white; discal spot white, an irregular sub-terminal
blackish line, with white marginal spots and a short, oblique, api-
cal streak, edged above with white; cilia white spotted. Poste-
rior wings blackish, costa and disk yellowish, with a white spot
near the base, and one above the inner angle crossed by black
lines.

Mature Larva, Vead and body dark-green, the latter becom-
ing yellowish on the dorsum and sides, with faint greenish lines ;
thoracic rings with wavy, reddish dorsal lines. Seven oblique
lateral blue bands edged with purple, and beneath this a white band
colored yellowish on its lower part.’ Horn yellow, with reddish
tubercles. (Abbot & Smith.)

Pupation. Wnters the ground to transform. Pupa dark red-
dish-brown, with long detached tongue-case applied to the breast
by its point. It becomes a pupa in Georgia in July.

ood-plants. The fringe tree.

S. America; Mexico; West Indies; Texas; Georgia; Vir-
ginia,

CLEMENS.

6. M. instita Clemens.

Head and palpi blackish-brown. Thorax concolorous, rather
rusty brown, with a small metathoracic black tuft. Abdomen
black, with dispersed bluish scales along the dorsum, with the
basal segment banded with brown, and three large orange yellow
spots on the sides of the basal segments; beneath and between

188 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

these spots are short white marks. The legs and under surface of
thorax blackish-gray, and whitish in the middle. Anterior wings
are brown in the greater part, separated by an exceedingly irregu-
lar outline from a black costal portion covered with dispersed pale-
blue scales, and which is dilated from the costa into an angular
basal, a large nearly square median, and an apical irregularly-oval
patch; the brown portion has two broad dilations toward the
costa, both extending to the sub-costal nerve. The median black
patch contains a small white discal dot, and is edged beneath and
behind by pale-brownish. The post-apical nervule and sub-costo
inferior are pale-colored, and toward the termination of medio-
central and posterior nervules are four small black spots, two on
either side of each. ‘The fringes are brown, broadly spotted with
black. Posterior wings are pale-brownish and grayish from the
middle to the base, with a large black patch at base, two central
black bands, and between the latter and the former an oblique
demi-line ; a moderate, black marginal band, having a bluish one
in its centre. The fringes black, spotted with brown.

Honduras.
CLEMENS.

7. M. cingulata Linn. Sphinx drurei, Donovan. Sphinx convolvult,
Drury. Figured in Drury, 1, pl. 25. Cram. pl. 225. Sm. Abb. 1,
pl. 32.

Head, ends of palpi and thorax cinereous, with a brownish tinge;
palpi white beneath, prothorax with two blackish lines and tegule,
with one central and one on superior margin of the same hue ; me-
tathoracic tufts black, with a few bluish scales. Abdomen brown-
ish cinereous, with large rose-colored lateral patches, separated by
black bands. Anterior wings grayish-brown, with a grayish spot
at base, irregular dark-brown angulated lines crossing the disk,
and discal spot whitish, ringed with blackish; three dark-brown
lines curving across the middle of the nervules, and bordered pos-
teriorly with brownish-gray, in which the last line is produced into
points on the nervules; a row of dark-brown circlets on the poste-
rior nervules, with a line of the same hue in post-apical interspace
extended to the tip, and streaks of the same hue in the central and
posterior interspaces. Posterior wings rosy toward the base, with
a central black band and black demi-line above it, a grayish space
posteriorly, and a broad marginal cinereous band, bordered above
with black. Legs cinereous, thorax and abdomen beneath white.

MACROSILA. - 189

Mature Larva, Head yellowish, with two brownish dashes on —
each side. Body blackish-brown, with a crimson vascular line con-
taining anteriorly diamond-shaped blackish-brown patches ; a crim-
son sub-dorsal line, and a wavy, yellowish stigmatical line, sending
off just above the stigmatz short-curved processes. Horn short,
brownish, and white on the sides. (Abbot & Smith.)

Pupation. Pupa reddish-brown, with a detached cylindrical
tongue-case that makes one turn and a half, and is applied to the
breast. The larva transformation is subterranean. In Virginia,
pupation began October 3d, and the imago appeared May 30th;
in Georgia, it began August 20th, and the imago appeared Sep-
tember 11th. (Abbot & Smith.)

food-plants. The sweet potato.

Mexico; West Indies} Texas; Georgia; Virginia; Pennsyl-
vania.

CLEMENS.

8. M. carolina Zinn. Figured in Drury, I, pl. 25.

_ Head, palpi, and thorax blackish-gray or brownish-gray; thorax
grayish on the sides, with short black lines on prothorax, the mid-
dle and upper edge of tegule; metathoracic tufts black tipped with
bluish, followed by two large black patches. Abdomen blackish-
eray, with a double row of dorsal white spots; five nearly round
orange-yellow spots on each side, with black bands between and
intermediate white spots below. Anterior wings cinereous or
brownish-gray, with a white spot at base; angulated, somewhat
indistinct, blackish lines crossing the middle of the disk to the
basal portion of the inner margin; discal dot white, with parallel,
rather approximated, black lines crossing the middle of the ner-
vules, an irregular subterminal black line and marginal whitish
line; with a black line hooked below in post-apical interspace, and
a short one at tip edged above with whitish and blackish shades
toward the base of medio-central aud posterior interspaces. Pos-
‘terior wings gray, with a black spot at base, an oblique black
demi-line, a double black central band, and a broad marginal
blackish-gray band, having a black band in the middle and edged
above with black. Under surface of thorax and abdomen gray,
with a reddish-brown tinge.

Mature Larva. Downy, wrinkled transversely. Head and body
dark green, the latter paler on the dorsum, with whitish dots;

190 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

lateral oblique white bands, edged above with bluish and short
transverse black lines. Stigmate black, with a yellow point above.
and below, except the jist and dast, which are orange-yellow with
a black central point, and all edged with blue. Shield and termi-
nal prolegs edged below with yellow; caudal horn rust-colored
terminally. Feet white, ringed with black.

Pupation. The larval transformation takes place in a subter-
ranean cell. The pupa is dark reddish-brown, with a detached,
cylindrical, rather thick tongue-case, not as much arched nor as
long as that of 5-maculata,

Food-plants. The tobacco and tomato plants.

South America; Mexico; West Indies; and generally through-
out the United States.

CLEMENS.

9. M. quinquemaculata Steph. Phiegethontius celeus Wiibner. Sphinx
carolina Donovan, XI, pl. 361.

Head, palpi, and thorax ash-gray; prothorax with three ob-
liquely transverse black lines; tegwule with a superior and short
central black line; the lateral metathoracic tufts bluish in the mid-
dle, followed by a large black patch on each side, Abdomen gray,
with a slender black dorsal line, with four or five orange-yellow: spots
on the sides separated by black bands, having white spots above and
beneath. Anterior wings gray, varied with brownish in the middle
and toward the tip, with oblique black lines on the inner margin
beneath median nervure, and three of the same hue arising about
the middle of inner margin and curving toward the inner angle
within the submedian, and thence continued across the nervules
toward the costa; a sub-terminal black and marginal white ‘line,
both limited anteriorly by the disco-central nervule; a short apical
black line, one in post-apical interspace hooked below, a slender
recurrent one in diseco-central interspace, a double one in medio-
superior and blackish shades in the central and posterior. Poste-
rior wings whitish, with a black spot at base, a black demi-line,
two central, separated, serrated black lines, and a broad brownish-
gray marginal band, bordered broadly above with black. Under
surface of the thorax and abdomen red-ash color.

Mature Larva, TWead green, with a black ‘stripe on each side. .
Body very dark green, with a black patch on first segment, and
lateral Oblique greenish-yellow bands, each meeting a stigmatal

i MACROSILA. 191

stripe of the same hue, thus forming a series of angular bands on
the sides. The stigmate are all black, except the jist and Jast,
which are orange-yellow. The feet and caudal horn black. Body
dotted with numerous yellowish-green dots, and marked with short
black lines above the lateral bands.

Pupation. The larval transformation is subterranean. The
pupa dark reddish-brown, with a cylindrical, long and much-arched,
detached tongue-case.

Lood-plants. The tomato and potato plants.

Throughout the United States.

CLEMENS.

10. M. brontes? Sphinx brontes Drury, II, 52, pl. 29, f. 8.1 Walker.

“The insect here described differs much from Drury’s figure, and
may be a distinct species.”

Cinereous. Antenne white. Thorax margined with black, with
white on the sides. Abdomen with a median black line, and two
angulated black streaks on the sides. Anterior wings with a white
discal spot, with transverse angulated interior brown and exterior
black lines, with an exterior undefined white band and streak be-
hind, sometimes obsolete, and with exterior black streaks. Hind
wings brownish, with three blackish streaks.

United States.

CLEMENS.
ll. M. forestan Cramer, IV, 216, pl. 394.

Tongue one-third longer than the body.
Head and tips of palpi brownish gray, the latter beneath gray

! Brontes Drury. “The antenne are white inwardly, but brown out-
wardly. The eyes large and black. The head and neck dark brown.
Thorax and abdomen gray ; on the hind part of the former are two small
black spots, and on each ring two small black streaks. Anterior wings
gray, with a white discal spot and a small white cloud next the tips ;
having several curved and indented black lines crossing them from the
anterior to the posterior edges, some being faint and others*very distinct.
The fringes are brown, spotted with white. The inferior wings are of a
very dark brown, but along the abdominal edges and corners are gray.
Fringe like that of the superior wings. Bencath, breast white; abdomen
white with four central reddish spots; anterior wings uniform, dark:
grayish-brown, with a narrow white streak at the tips. Inferior wings
crossed by two faint lines and also of a dark grayish-brown.”’

From New York.

192 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or whitish. Thorax with a black line in front extended on the
sides to tegule, where it is bordered below with whitish. Abdo-
men brownish gray, with a lateral black angulated band on each
side, sometimes a black stripe with dull yellowish spots. Anterior
wings gray or hoary, more or less varied with green and pale
brownish, with a black streak along the base. of inner margin,
several black angulated lines crossing the disk and angulated
black lines crossing the base of the nervules; discal spot grayish, ~
adjacent to which is a greenish-brown median patch; black streaks
at the base of medio-central and posterior interspaces and blackish
circlets on the ends of posterior nervules, with a black curved sub-
apical line. Posterior wings nearly uniform blackish brown, with
a whitish patch above the interior angle crossed by two or three
black lines; sometimes with faint blackish transverse bands.

Collection Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, and Mr. W. H.
Edwards, of Newburg.

South America; Honduras.
CLEMENS.

SPHINX Liyn.

The size is very large, large, or moderate. The body is long,
tapering, and cylindrical. The head free and prominent, the front
broad, long, and conical. The antennee prismatic, a little longer
than the thorax, with a short hook and seta. The tongue variable. |
The thorax advanced and tapering on the sides to the head. The
abdomen somewhat more than twice longer than the thorax and
sometimes nearly thrice. The wings are long and narrow; the
length of the anterior exceeding that of the body, and about one-
third as long as they are broad across the inner angle, with the tip
acuminated, the hind margin entire and usually very obliquely
convex, with the inner angle rounded and the inner margin nearly
straight or slightly concave. The legs are moderately long and
stout, the hind tibize with four very long spurs.

Larva. The head is large, semi-oval, and flattened in front.
The body is almost uniformly cylindrical, smooth, and obliquely
banded on the side, with an arching caudal horn, and the thoracic
segments somewhat folded. The tongue-case of the pupa is short

SPHINX. 193

and detached, but reposes upon the breast. It is contained ina
subterranean cell.

Grove I.

Size very large. Head large. Eyes large and salient. Tongue
nearly twice as long as the body. FPalpi thick, ascending and
pressed against the front.

1. S. leucophzata Clemens.

Head, palpi, and thorax gray; tegule with a black line on the
superior margin. Abdomen grayish, with a black patch on each
side at the base and alternate black and whitish demi-bands.
Anterior wings gray, with a small black patch about the middle
of the base; an indistinct blackish double line arises at the base
of the inner margin and extends to the origin of medio-central
vein, and two lines of the same hue cross the lower portion of disk
obliquely to about the same point; a blackish wavy line, curved
toward the costa, and bordered beneath with pale gray, arises
about the middle of the inner margin and extends to the lower
part of disco-central nervule, whence it retreats indistinctly to the
costa; a subterminal, angulated, abbreviated black line, bordered
irregularly with pale gray. A deep black streak in post-apical
interspace continued to the tip, and conspicuous black streaks at
the base of medio-central and posterior interspaces; discal spot
obscure and whitish; fringes gray. Posterior wings grayish, with
a black median band and broad black marginal band, with a space
on terminal margin from the middle to the inner angle, gray.
Beneath, thorax ash gray, abdomen white, with a few brownish
ventral spots.

Texas.
CLEMENS.

Group II.

Size large or moderate. The head moderate. The eyes small
and but moderately salient. The tongue one-third longer than the
body, or about as long or somewhat shorter. The palpi are thick
and slightly exceed the front, with which the hairs of the tip are

scarcely identified.
13

194 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. »*

2. S. cinerea HMiibner. Lethia chersis Hiibner.

Head, palpi and thorax dark gray; tegule tipped with whitish
terminally, with a black: line on the superior edge and a short in- —
distinct one above and parallel to it, and a metathoracic spot on
each side. Abdomen dark gray, with a black dorsal line and
alternate black and white lateral demi-bands. Anterior wings
dark gray, with a black spot at base, a delicate black discal line ;
a black streak at the tip and in post-apical interspace, bordered ~
above with pale gray, in sub-costo inferior, medio-central and pos-
terior interspaces, and a slender black line in sub-median sulcus ;
a sub-terminal blackish line and one near the margin bordered
below with pale gray and both abbreviated toward costa. Poste-
rior wings sordid gray, with a broad median and a terminal black
band.

Massachusetts; Wisconsin; Southern States.
CLEMENS.

3. S. sordida Hiibner. Agrius eremitus Hiibn. Sphinx lugens Walker,
p. 219?!

Dark brownish cinereous. Head and thorax paler on the sides,
with a rather broad blackish-brown stripe on the middle of tegulz,
extending to prothorax and edged above with two. lines of the
same hue, and with a brownish dorsal line on the disk of thorax ;
metathoracic spots, black. Abdomen with a dorsal black line and
alternate black and whitish demi-bands on the sides; beneath
white, with central blackish spots. Anterior wings brownish cine-
reous, with a black margined white discal spot, through which
passes a short blackish diseal dash, and a smaller one above it;
with blackish-brown costal marks over the disk, the two most
posterior of which reach to the discal spot and are joined or nearly
joined at an angle by two more or less distinct lines from the inner

1S. lugens.—Blackish-gray, paler beneath. Head and thorax paler on
each side. Thorax with two black stripes. Abdomen with interrupted
white and blackish bands. Fore wings slightly tinged with brown, with
black costal marks, and with discal and exterior streaks; two whitish
discal dots, the fore one occasionally obsolete. Hind wings black, with
two whitish undulating bands ; cilie white. Length of the body 17—19
lines; of the wings 42—46 lines.

Mexico.

SPHINX. 195

* margin of the base; a broad diffuse blackish-brown apical streak
with a costal line above it in apical interspace, and blackish-brown
streaks in the interspaces, except the medio-superior; an abbre-
viated blackish-brown line edged exteriorly with grayish near the
terminal margin. Posterior wings yellowish-white, with a black
spot at the base, a median and broad marginal band black. Length
of the body 16 lines; expansion of the wings 35 lines.

Var. A. a male.—Brownish, with two distinct dark brown lines
from the inner margin of base and the middle of the costa, angu-
lated on the disk; over the median nervules the wing is dark
brown, with faintly indicated irregular lines crossing the middle of
the nervules to the costa and grayish spots exterior to them.
Length of body 22 lines; expansion of the wings 54 lines.

Near Jalapa, Mexico. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

Var. B. a male.—Blackish cinereous ; two distinct black angu-
lated liaes crossing the posterior portion of the disk from the inner
margin of base; with a band of blackish-brown lines crossing the
middle of the nervules. Length of the body 20 lines; expansion
of the wings 47 lines.

Near Jalapa, Mexico. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia.

CLEMENS.

Mr. Walker’s /ugens is probably one of these varieties of sordida,
Mexico; Texas; Massachusetts.

4. S. plebeia Fabr. Sp. Il, 146, 31.

Head and thorax dark gray, with a transverse black line on
prothorax continued to the tegule, which are pale grayish beneath
it. Abdomen gray, with a slender black dorsal line and a black
stripe on each side containing whitish spots. Anterior wings
gray, with a short black stripe at the base of the inner margin,
two very oblique, short black lines from the basal portion of costa
to the disk, sometimes uniting with the line from the base on the
disk, and two distinct serrated black lines crossing the middle of
the nervules from about the origin of post-apical to the lower third
of inner margin ; black streaks in all the interspaces, that in medio-
superior contained in a white streak, and short white streaks on
the terminal portion of medio-central and posterior interspaces ;_
discal spot white and the nervules tipped with blackish at their

196 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ends. Posterior wings blackish-brown, grayish towards the base
and the inner border, and sometimes faintly grayish in the middle.

Pennsylvania; Connecticut; Massachusetts.
CLEMENS.

5. S. kalmize Abbot § Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. 1, pl. 37.

Head and thorax ferruginous brown, paler on the sides; tegule
with a central and upper black line, metathoracic patches black.
Abdomen ferruginous brown with a central black line and alter- .
nate whitish and black demi-bands. Anterior wings ferruginous
brown, paler in the middle, with two oblique blackish streaks at
the base of inner margin and very oblique ferruginous streaks from
the costa to disk; a pale streak in post-apical interspace, margined
on each side with ferruginous, and ferruginousand brownish streaks
in the remaining interspaces, with a whitish line near the margin
edged above with blackish; discal spot small and ferruginous ;
fringes reddish-brown. Posterior wings brownish-white, with a
broad central and terminal black band; exterior margin reddish-
brown and fringes of the same hue.

Mature Larva. Head green, with a lateral black stripe. Body
fine pale green, deepening on the sides, with pale yellow, lateral,
oblique bands edged above with black, which is again bordered
with pale blue; first and second prolegs with a black spot on the
sides; stigmate orange-yellow; shield and terminal prolegs dotted
with numerous brown dots on a pale brownish patch ; caudal horn
blue, but thickly covered with black tubercles. Length about
three inches.

Pupation, The larval transformation is subterranean. The pupa
dark-brown ; the tongue-case half as long as the breast and ap-
plied to it, with the extremity bulbous. The larva enters the pupa
state during the latter part of August or in September, and ap-
pears as an imago in the following June or early in July.

Food-plants. I have found the larva nearly full-grown on the
lilac about the middle of July. Also feeds on the leaves of Kal-
mia latifolia. (Abbot & Smith.)

Canada; New York; Pennsylvania; Massachusetts; Georgia.
CLEMENS.

SPHINX. 19%

6. S. drupiferarum Abbot § Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. 1, pl. 36.

Head and thorax blackish-brown, whitish fawn-color on the
sides. Abdomen brown, with a slender dorsal line and a lateral
black band on each side containing brownish-white spots. Ante-
rior wings dark brown, with costa from base beyond the disk, and
to median nervure below, whitish fawn-color, with wavy, separated
dark brown lines crossing lower portion of the nervules, the last
bordered above with whitish; a fawn-colored marginal space taper-
ing to the tip and containing a whitish line. A black discal dash,
and two delicate black discal lines continued singly on the disco-
central nervule, with black streaks in submedian sulcus and all the
interspaces except the medio-superior. Posterior wings whitish,
with a broad median black band enlarged towards the costa and
sub-terminal black band, with the terminal margin fawn-color.

Mature Larva, Head green, with a lateral blackish band. Body
pale green, with lateral, oblique purple bands, edged beneath with
white; caudal horn dark reddish-brown, yellow on ‘the sides at
base; stigmatee orange-yellow. Length about 34 inches.

Pupation. The larval transformation takes place in a subter-
ranean cell. The pupa is dark brown, with reddish-brown between
the segments and the tongue-case short, reposing on the breast
and truncate at the extremity. The perfect insect from the fall
larva appears early in June.

Pood-plants. The larva feeds on the leaves of the various varie-
ties of Plum.

Pennsylvania; Massachusetts.

CLEMENS.

7. S. luscitiosa Clemens.

Antenne blackish-brown. Palpi blackish-brown. Head and
thorax blackish-brown or blackish and white on the sides. Ab-
domen brown, with a black stripe on each side. Anterior wings
pale brown, with a ferruginous hue; the inner border fuliginous,
a terminal fuliginous band tapering to the tip of the wing, with a
wavy outline anteriorly, and the costa and a patch on the costa
above the tip of the same hue; a slender black discal line, with
black lines and streaks in all the interspaces and sub-median sul-
cus. Fringes blackish. Posterior wings yellow or stramineous,
with a broad terminal black band and the fringes whitish.

Wisconsin ; New York.
CLEMENS.

198 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

8. S. gordius Cramer. Figured in Cram. III, pl. 247.

Head and disk of the thorax blackish-brown or black and red-
dish-gray on the sides. Abdomen dark gray, with a dorsal black
line and alternate black and grayish demi-bands. Anterior wings
blackish-gray, with a roseate hue; discal spot conspicuous and
white, a discal black line bifid toward the discal spot, with the
usual lines and streaks in interspaces and submedian sulcus, black ;
a blackish-brown marginal shade, with pale grayish on the portion
of the wing above it, at the base and the tip of the wing. Fringes
dark brown spotted with white. Posterior wings gray, with a black
median band, and a broad, black marginal band; the fringes white.

Mature Larva, Apple green, with seven oblique white lateral
bands, slightly edged above with violet, a rusted caudal horn, and
a brownish line on each side of head. (Harris.) There is almost
too much resemblance in this description to the larva of drupr-
ferarum.

Pupation. The larval transformation is subterranean; pupa
with a very short detached tongue-case. (Harris.)

food-plants.. The larva feeds on the leaves of the apple-tree.
(Harris. )

Maine; Massachusetts ; Connecticut.

CLEMENS.

9. S. jasminearum Le Conte, Sr. Wilson, Treat. Ent. in Ency. Brit. pl.
236, f. 5, 6.

Palpi gray-brownish on the sides. Head and thorax pale gray,
with a transverse black line on prothorax extended to the middle
of tegule, with a black dash in the middle of the disk and meta-
thoracic black streaks on each side of median line. Abdomen dull
gray, with a black stripe on each side containing whitish spots.
Anterior wings gray, with blackish-brown markings; a blackish
streak at the base of inner margin, with two brownish lines from
the disk to its lower end; two blackish-brown oblique lines or a

broad oblique streak from the costa to the disk at the origin of
median nervules; discal spot white, with a brownish discolored
patch just posterior to it, extending from costa at the origin of sub-
costo inferior nervule to medio-posterior interspace, where it be-
comes a black spot, and continued thence to inner margin as two
brownish lines; two doubly curved lines of connected spots cross-
ing the middle of the nervules from near the origin of post-apical

SPHINX. 199

to the lower third of the inner margin, with an irregular brownish
line near the terminal margin; along, decided black streak in
medio-central interspace, with a blackish spot on the terminal
margin of the medio-central nervule. Posterior wings nearly uni-
form blackish brown, with a faint grayish central band and a gray-
ish patch above the interior angle.

Pupation. Uarval transformation subterranean. The pupa is
dark brown, with a very short cylindrical tongue-case bulbous at
the extremity, and applied to the breast.

Food-plants. Mr. Newman, of Philadelphia, found a pupa of
this insect beneath an isolated ash tree, under such circumstances
as to render it probable that this is one of the food-plants of the
larva.

Long Island; New York; Pennsylvania.

CLEMENS.

Length of tongue unknown,
10. S. coniferarum Abbot § Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 42.

Cinereous; white beneath. Thorax with a brown stripe on each
side. Abdomen cinereous without bands. Anterior wings, with
a brown basilar, wavy line, a brown costal spot above the discal
spot, which is blackish; with a crenated brown line crossing the
middle of the nervules edged anteriorly with whitish. A long
black streak in medio-central interspace, and a shorter one in the
posterior, with the ends of the nervules tipped with blackish.
Posterior wings brown. (Abbot d& Smith’s figure.)

Mature Larva, Head yellow with two black lines. Body gray,
with three rows of dorsal, square, dark-gray spots, one of which
is vascular, having a black dot at each angle, and a slender, whitish,
vascular line, with whitish striae between the square spots. First
segment with two dashes and one subdorsal on each side. The
larva is full grown about August 27th and Nov. 10th, which latter
produces an imago in April following. (Abbot & Smith.)

Food-plants. Pinus palustris.

Georgia; Canada.

. ' CLEMENS.

N.B. The specimen Dr. Harris described under this name, as
J have ascertained from a photograph, was #. harrisit. This is
probably likewise identical with S. coniferarum. The discovery
of the larva of harrisi will remove any doubt respecting the iden-
tity of the insects. —B. CLEMENS.

200 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ANCERYX WALKER.

Body rather long and slender. The head large, free and promi-
nent; the front broad, subconical, the vertex pilose or subtufted ;
the eyes large and salient; the tongue as long as the body ; the
palpi rather slender, scantily pilose and pressed against the front,
with the terminal article exposed. Antenne as long or somewhat
longer than the thorax, with a short hook and seta. Thorax well
developed anterior to the base of the fore wings, but rounded ante-
riorly, usually with a slight double crest on the fore part of the
dorsum. Abdomen slender and oblanceolate, at least twice the
length of the thorax. Legs long and slender, hind tibie with
moderate spurs. The wings narrow and moderately long ; the
length of the anterior less than that of the body, and about three
times longer than broad across the inner angle, the tip acuminated,
the hind border obliquely rounded, but wavy between the nervules,
the inner angle rounded and the inner margin moderately concave.
Posterior wings rather acute at the tip, with the hind margin

entire.

Head smooth, thorax scarcely crested.
1. A. ello Zinn. Figured in Drury I, pl. 27. Cram. IV, pl. 301.

Head and thorax gray; the front of thorax and the vertex dis-
colored with blackish, without distinct markings, with a black line
on sides of thorax extending from the eyes to the base of anterior
wings. Abdomen gray, with a dorsal gray band, containing a
slender blackish line, and banded with alternate black and gray
bands in both sexes. Anterior wings pale grayish, varied with
blackish; with a blackish stripe extending irregularly from the
base to the tip, and consisting chiefly of streaks between the ner-
vules; base of the wing blackish, with a patch in costa over disk,
and at the origin of subcosto-inferior nervule, and with a row of
marginal black spots in the interspaces. Posterior wings rust red,
with a broad, blackish brown, terminal band and a cinereous patch
at the anterior angle.

ANCERYX. 901

The anterior wings of the specimens described are unfortunately
worn. ;
Mature Larva. Head purple; body obscure brown, with a
black dorsal'line, and spotted irregularly with white on the sides ;
caudal horn purple. (Merzan.)

Food-plants. The leaves of a species of Psidiwm or Guava.
(Merian.) |

South America; West Indies; Mexico; Texas; Southern

United States; California.
CLEMENS.

Vertex and thorax with distinct double crests.
2. A. obscura Fab. sp. II, 142,14. LHrinnys stheno Hiibner.

Hoary and somewhat bluish gray. Head and thorax dark gray
and paler on the sides, the latter with a few short black lines, or
with the disk before blackish brown, and a stripe of the same hue
on the sides. Abdomen dusky gray without bands, and two brown-
ish dorsal lines. Anterior wings hoary, or gray tinted with bluish,
with blackish markings; a blackish streak extending from base to
the tip, and a short, nearly parallel blackish streak above the inte-
rior angle; a blackish patch on costa at the posterior extremity
of the disk, a fainter one about the middle, and another at the
origin of the post-apical nervule; a row of black dots on the lower
third of the nervures and another about the middle, each series
being connected by a faint acutely angled line; a row of marginal,
black dots in which terminate faint, slender, blackish lines in the
interspaces from the post-apical to the medio-central. Posterior
wings rust-red or reddish fawn-color, with a dark-brown patch on
the terminal margin, about the interior angle, and a series of indis-
tinct dots above the nervules.

In the markings of the anterior wings this species bears a very
striking resemblance to A. ello.

Mexico; West Indies; Texas.
CLEMENS.

3. A.scyron Cram. IV, 23, pl. 301.

Hoary, cinereous. Thorax with a broad, anterior, blackish
band, and two blackish, posterior, abbreviated bands. The seg-
ments of the abdomen with interrupted, blackish bands, separated
and whitish. Fore wings dark brown, varied with yellowish, with

202 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

a few brown bands more or less definite and branched, sometimes

almost obsolete. Posterior wings lnteous, broadly margined with

black, with a somewhat hoary patch along the interior angle.
South America; West Indies. ,

CLEMENS.

Thorax doubly crested.
4. A. alope Drury, I, 58, pl. 27.

Brown. Abdomen blackish, with hoary insane bands and
a dorsal stripe. Anterior wings with a series of angular black
lines about the middle of the nervures, with a paler streak near the
middle of the mner margin, more or less bent backwards, some-
times blackish brown. Hind wings luteous or orange yellow, with
a broad brown terminal margin.

Var. B. Female. Brown, cinereous beneath. Head and thorax
with a blackish stripe. Abdomen hoary, with three slender black
stripes and with broad black bands; tip fawn-color. Fore wings
with indistinct blackish lines and streaks, and with some exterior
fawn-colored streaks. Hind wings luteous, with very broad dark
brown borders; exterior margin somewhat fawn-colored. iene
of the body 20 lines; of the wings 39 Hines

S. America; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

5. A. guttularis Walker, p. 227.

Hoary, whitish beneath. Head and fore part of the thorax with
a brown middle line. Abdomen with a slender whitish stripe, and
with a slight lilac tinge. Wings beneath pale brown, white at the
base and along the interior border of the hind wings. Fore wings
with a black streak along the middle, and with several black dots.
Hind wings brown, ferruginous at the base; cilize white. Length
of the body 10 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

St. Domingo.

CLEMENS.

Thorax doubly crested,
6. A. cnotrus Cramer, IV, 22, pl. 301.

Cinereous, beneath white. The head is whitish, with the sides
of a dirty rose color. The segments of the abdomen whitish, and
white beneath, with black points towards the sides. Anterior
wings reddish brown toward the base, with slightly fawn-colored

DOLBA. 203

lines and streaks, sometimes with the margins brown in part.
Posterior wings rufescent or reddish brown, with a terminal blackish
brown band and a small cinereous patch at the interior angle.

S. America; Mexico; West Indies.

CLEMENS.
Flind margin of fore wings not denticulated, entire?

7. A. caicus Cramer, II, pl. 125.

Cinereous. Thorax with three blackish brown stripes. Abdo-
men with two dorsal black lines and broad interrupted black bands.
Anterior wings with pale brownish and blackish brown lines in the
interspaces, a blackish brown line on the inner margin and a white ©
discal line. Posterior wings red, with black radii from the hind
margin. 3

South and Central America; West Indies.

CLEMENS.

DOLBA WALKER.

Size moderate or small. The body is stout, and rather short.
The head rather small, but free and moderately prominent; the
front broad, vertical, rounded and obtuse; the eyes quite small
and scarcely salient; the palpi nearly horizontal and equal to the
front; the tongue somewhat longer than the body; the antenne
rather slender, with a short hook and seta, and about as long as
the thorax. The thorax but little advanced anterior to the base
of fore wings, tapering but little to the head and rounded in front.
The abdomen rather conical, and about twice the length of the
thorax. The length of the anterior wings rather more than that
of the body, somewhat more than twice longer than broad, the tip
rounded, the hind margin entire and oblique, somewhat prominent
in the middle and slightly concave above the inner angle; inner
margin slightly concave. Posterior wings obtusely rounded at the
tip, hind margin entire and somewhat concave before the inner
angle. |

1. D. hyleus Drury. Figured in Drury II, pl. 25. Sm. Abb. I, pl. 35.
Sphinx print Abbot & Smith. Hyloicus dynzus Hiibner.

Palpi white beneath. Head and thorax brownish ferruginous,
and whitish on the sides, with two white dots on the disk of thorax

204 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

and two black metathoracic spots. Abdomen brownish ferrugi-
nous, with a row of dorsal brown spots and a double row of white
spots, and with lateral alternate black and narrow white demi-
bands. Anterior wings dull ferruginous, or dark brownish varied
with white and blackish; a white spot at the base, with a blackish
band, white margined towards the base, crossing the middle of the
disk ; discal spot white and black margined, a band of blackish
lines crossing the middle of the nervules, margined posteriorly -
broadly with whitish, and black circlets on the posterior ends of
median nervules; apical line black, white margined toward costa.
Posterior wings whitish, with an indistinctly double, median black-
ish band, joined near inner margin by a blackish patch from the
base and a broad terminal dark brown band edged above with
blackish. Sometimes the wing is blackish brown, with a central
white line and a fainter one above it, with white at the base. .

Mature Larva. Head green, with a pale blue line on each side.
Body pea green, with lateral oblique pink bands edged below
with white; caudal horn crimson. (Abbot & Smith.)

Pupation. Pupa reddish brown; tongue-case not apparent.
Pupation began.May 17th, and the imago appeared June 19th.
Another entered the pupa state August 25th, and appeared April
26th, in Georgia. (Abbot & Smith.)

food-plants. Prinos glaber; Winterberry.

Mexico; Georgia; Massachusetts; Connecticut.
CLEMENS.

CERATOMIA Harris.

Size large. Body usually thick and long. The head small,
nearly sessile, and somewhat depressed; front broad and almost
vertical, pilose or sub-tufted ; the eyes small and scarcely salient ;
the palpi rather short and slender, nearly horizontal and not iden-
tified with the front; tongue about one-third as long as the body,
not as long as the thorax; the antenne longer than the thorax,
ending in a short hook with seta. The thorax is thick, sub-glo-
bose, but little advanced anterior to the base of the fore wings.
The abdomen is cylindrical, tapering near the extremity, and
nearly thrice or full thrice the length of the thorax. The legs
stout and the hind tibie with two long internal and two short

CERATOMIA. 905

external spurs. The wings are rather broad, the anterior with the
tip rounded, the hind margin entire, obliquely convex, and the
inner margin somewhat concave above the interior angle. Male,
antenne ciliferous. emale, antenne simple.

Larva. Head large, semi-oval, somewhat flattened in front.
Body wrinkled transversely and granulated, with a vascular line of
fleshy serrations and a thoracic dorsal line of granulations on each
side, and with four thoracic fleshy granulated horns; caudal horn
rather short, straight, and roughened. The pupa is smooth;

tongue-case not apparent. Transformation subterranean.

1. C. quadricornis Hiibn. Agrius amyntor Exot. Schmett.

Palpi brown. Head grayish or whitish-fawn color. Thorax
with the disk fawn color or greenish brown and whitish on the
sides, a short transverse dark-colored line before and the tegule
with a central and superior blackish line on each side, with black
metathoracic spots. Abdomen fawn colored or brownish, with a
slender black dorsal line and two black stripes on each side. An-
terior wings fawn color, varied with blackish brown, or dull green-
ish brown varied with black ; costa grayish at the base, with wing
of a pale hue above the median nervure and dusky beneath it;
three dark brown irregular lines advance from the basal portion
of the inner margin to the disk beyond its middle, and thence
retreat to the costa; discal spot white, with a short black discal
dash resting on median nerve ; several subterminal blackish lines
arise above the interior angle and run nearly parallel to the hind
margin to disco-central nervure, whence they retreat to the costa;
black streaks in all the interspaces, with the fringes brown, spotted
with white. Posterior wings pale brownish, with a subterminal
blackish or dark-brown band and shaded with blackish in the mid-
dle or forming indistinct dark-colored lines.

Mature Larva. Head pale green, with an indistinct whitish
lateral stripe. Body pale green, becoming just before pupation
in one of the sexes more or less reddish brown, dotted with obscure |
granulations; lateral stripes pale greenish, with whitish granula-
tions and two thoracic dorsal white granulated lines; caudal horn
greenish ; stigmate black encircled with yellow and divided by a
yellow line. Feet.reddish or tipped with reddish. Length about
3 inches.

206 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Pupation. The larval transformation is subterranean. Pupa
dark brown, smooth cylindrico-conical, tongue-case not apparent.
The larva reaches maturity about the beginning of September,
and appears as an imago during the following May or June.

Food-plants. The larva feeds on the leaves of Ulmus amert-
cana, the American Elm.

Massachusetts; Pennsylvania; Michigan.

CLEMENS.
2. C. repentinus Clemens.

Head and thorax dark gray, paler on the sides; prothorax with
two black transverse lines, the first edged above with luteous
scales; tegule with a central black stripe. Abdomen dark gray,
pale gray on the sides, with a slender dorsal black line and with
two black stripes on each side.. Anterior wings pale or rather
deep cinereous, varied with black and white; two black lines arise
near the basal portion of the inner margin and cross the disk to
the costa, sometimes indistinct or obsolete in the middle; a black--
ish costo-discal patch containing a short black discal streak; discal
spot white and black margined; two distinct sets of double, ser-
rated, undulating black lines cross the middle of the nervules, and
are separated by pale grayish or whitish, with an irregular whitish
line near hind margin; a black apical line margined with whitish,
and black streaks in the two last median interspaces; fringes white,
spotted with dark brown. Posterior wings blackish gray, with
three parallel, narrow undulating black bands; fringes white,
spotted with dark brown. 7

Food-plants. I have been assured by various collectors that
the larva feeds on the ash; none of them, however, were able to
describe it from recollection.

Michigan; Connecticut; New York; Pennsylvania.
- CLEMENS.

N. B. This insect is probably Sphinx brontes of Drury. See
page 191. (B. CLEMENS.)

SMERINTHUS Latr.

Size moderate or large. The body is robust and thick, with
the tip of the abdomen turned upward in the males. The head is
small, sessile, sometimes sunken and depressed; the front mode-
rately broad, vertical, pilose or subtufted: the eyes small scarcely

SMERINTHUS. | 207%

prominent or visible from above; the palpi thick and short, but
equal to the front; the tongue almost as long as the palpi; the
antenne usually without the terminal hook, without distinct seta,
and about as long as the thorax. ‘Thorax short, almost globose
and but little advanced. The abdomen cylindrico-conical, more
than twice longer than the thorax. Wings without bristle and
hook. The anterior are longer than the body, and about twice as
long as broad; the hind margin angulated opposite the post-apical
vein and the medio-central, truncate at the tip and excavated be-
tween the angles, or denticulated along the hind margin; the
inner margin is deeply concave above the interior angle, which is
somewhat prominent. Male, antenne densely ciliferous or sub-
pectinated, with the articles produced beneath. emale, antenn
simple.

Larva. The head is semi-oval or pyramidal, with vertex acute.
The body granulated, with a caudal horn, and obliquely banded
with dorsal thoracic lines on each side. Transformation subter-
ranean. The pupa of Group I. smooth and cylindrico-conical, °
and the position of the larva, when at rest or when disturbed,
sphinx like.

Group i.
§ Hind wings dilated on the costa at the tip.

| Fore wings angulated and excavated on the hind margin.

1. S. myops Abbot § Smith. Smerinthus rosacearum Boisduval. Figured
in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 26, Boisd. Sp. Gen. pl. 15.

Palpi, head and thorax chocolate brown and the two latter por-
tions with a purplish or rosy tinge; the sides of palpi and a stripe
in the middle of the thorax tawny yellow. Abdomen brownish
luteous, with irregular tawny yellow spots, and the hind portions .
of the segments dark brown. Anterior wings chocolate brown,
with a faint purplish or reddish gray tinge towards the base; a
small blackish spot at the base, between median and sub-median
nerves; an indistinct brownish curved line crosses the basal por-
tion of the disk, with a large, median, chocolate brown patch, with

208 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

its anterior margin darkest, inclined towards the anal angle, and
joined at an acute angle by a patch of the same hue about the
middle of sub-median nervure; one or two wavy sub-terminal
brown lines, with an irregular chocolate brown band near the
hind margin, extending from the tip to about the middle of the
wing and thence to anal angle indistinctly; a dull yellow patch
above anal angle, with blackish spots above it in sub-median
sulcus, and another about the middle of apical interspace, with an
angular, narrow, bluish line at the tip. Posterior wings dull
yellow, with the costa and outer portion from near the middle,
chocolate brown, and one or two short bluish lines above the tip
and a dull yellow spot upon it; ocellus black, with a large pale
blue pupil.

Mature Larva. From Abbot & Smith’s figure; head bluish
green, with a bright yellow line on the sides. Body bluish green
with a row of sub-dorsal and stigmatal reddish brown spots; six
oblique lateral bright yellow bands, with two thoracic sub-dorsal
yellow (?) lines; caudal horn yellow on the sides.

Pupation. The larva enters the earth to transform. In the
Southern States the first brood enters the pupa state about the
middle of June, and becomes imago early in July; pupation begins
with the second during the latter part of October, and they appear
as perfect insects during the following spring. The pupa is smooth,
abdomen cylindrico-conical and acute; color deep brown. (Adbot
& Smith.)

Food-plants. The leaves of the wild cherry.

CLEMENS.

+} Fore wings denticulated on hind margin, with a denticulation
opposite disco-central nearly obsolete. *

2. S. exczecatus Abbot & Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 25.

Palpi, head and thorax fawn-color, with a roseate tinge, with a
chestnut-colored thoracic dorsal stripe tapering to the head and
metathoracic transverse patch of the same hue. Abdomen fawn-
color with a dark brown dorsal line. Anterior wings fawn-color,
with dark brown shades, with a small blackish spot at the middle
of base and two brown lines crossing the basal portion of the disk;
a large, median, brown patch, with its anterior margin darkest and
inclined towards the inner angle, and the posterior margin concave
in the middle, tinged with purplish towards the centre, containing

SMERINTHUS. 209

a brown discal dot, and joined at an acute angle by a patch of the
same hue about the middle of the submedian nervure; two or three
brown lines crossing the middle of the nervules and following the
outline of median patch, succeeded by an irregular brownish band;
the marginal space brown; a small brown spot at inner angle, with
two or three black spots above it in sub-median sulcus, with faint
blackish streaks in the post-apical, subcostal and costo-inferior and
medio-superior interspaces. Posterior wings rose-color in the
middle, with a brownish patch at the tip crossed by two or three
short whitish lines; ocellus black, pupil pale blue, with two short
whitish lines between the ocellus and the inner margin.

Var. A male. Brownish olivaceous. Thoracic streak dark ©

brown. The median shade of the fore wings brownish olivaceous
with a purplish tinge, and a deep brown streak at the base of pos-
terior interspace; discal spot blackish.

fgg. Spheroids much flattened above and beneath, almost like
narrow sections of a cylinder; smooth, white, with an equatorial,
reddish brown band, having a slender, central, white line. Invest-
ing tunics thick and resisting.

Young Larva, on first emerging from the egg is green, without
eranulations, and oblique, lateral stripes; a long reddish caudal
horn ; without thoracic subdorsal lines.

Mature Larva. I regret I have no description of the mature
larva. The following is that of Harris: Apple green, with two
short, pale lines before, seven oblique, yellowish white lines on
each side and a bluish caudal horn. According to Abbot & Smith’s
figure, the head is green with a crimson line on each side; the body
yellowish green, lateral bands and caudal horn yellow, with a sub-
dorsal and double stigmatal row of crimson spots.

Pupation. The larva enters the ground to transform ; the pupa
is chestnut-brown, smooth, with a short, obtuse, terminal spine.

Food-plants. The leaves of the apple tree and those of the Rosa
carolina.

Pennsylvania ; Madara Georgia.

CLEMENS,

§§ Costa of superior wings rounded and entire from the base to
the tip, which ts rounded.
+ Fore wings denticulated on hind margin, with that oppo-
site disco-central nearly obsolete.
14

210 ~—. LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. S. modesta Harris. Figured in Agas. Lake Sup. pl. 7.

Palpi, head, thorax and abdomen olivaceous. Anterior wings
from the base to nearly the hind end of the disk very pale oliva-
ceous, with an indistinct, irregular, darker streak across the mid-
dle, and margined towards the base of the wing with a still paler
hue; a broad, deep, olivaceous, median band, undulating ante-
riorly and crenated or undulating posteriorly, containing a pale,
angular, discal spot and darkest towards the base of the wing; a”
deep, olivaceous band across the middle of the nervules crenated
posteriorly and bordered with a paler hue; the remainder of the
wing is deep olivaceous with a paler band from the middle to the
inner angle. posterior wings purplish-red in the middle, with a
transverse, black spot above inner angle and a blackish, olivaceous
patch beneath it; in the male the wing is olivaceous exteriorly and
along terminal border.

Pupation. Mr. Ashton, of N. Y., has taken the perfect insect in
July. |

Food-plants. Mr. Crist, of Nazareth, Northampton Co., Pa.,
informed me he found a larva of this insect several years ago on
the Lombardy poplar. ; .

Massachusetts; Lake Superior; Pennsylvania; Sonora, Mex.,
New York. |

CLEMENS.

+} Zhe hind margin of fore wings angulated and excavated.
Articles of the antenne with single short pectinations in %,
simple in the °.

4. S. geminatus Say. Sphinx ocellatus jamaicensis Drury. Smerinthus ce-
risit Kirby. Figured in Drury II, pl. 25. Kirby Faun. pl. 4. Say’s
Amer. Ent. 1, pl. 12.

Palpi reddish-brown; head thorax in front and tegule whitish
or pale gray, with a large, thoracic, dorsal, deep chestnut, semi-
oval patch. Abdomen brownish-gray. Anterior wings gray,
tinged with rosy and with dark brown streaks and patches; two
curved, brownish, basal lines bordered with rosy-gray; the basal
half of medio-posterior interspace filled by a dark brown or a fer-
ruginous brown patch, joined by a line of the same hue crossing
the disk from the costa and obliquely by another from the upper
third of inner margin, shaded posteriorly with brownish, through
the centre of which passes the sub-median nervule; discal spot

SMERINTHUS. 211

pale, margined with brown; a brownish band, margined before
with darker brown, crosses the base of the nervules, and is followed
by two or three more or less distinct rosy-gray and brownish, un-
dulating, subterminal lines; a deep brown, semi-oval patch at the
tip edged with whitish, and a ferruginous brown spot above inner
angle, usually with two smaller spots above it; the middle of ter-
minal space dark brown. Posterior wings rosy, along exterior
and terminal border yellowish-gray; ocellus black, emitting a
short, broad line to inner angle, and with two or three blue pupils.

Food-plants. I have secured numbers of the pupa from the mid-
dle of October to the beginning of November at the base of
willows.

Canada; Illinois; Massachusetts; Pennsylvania; Jamaica.

CLEMENS.

tt Structure unknown.
5. S. ophthalmicus Boisduval.. Ann. Soc. Ent. t. III, 3me ser. xxxii.

Le S. ophthalmica assez rapproché de notre ocellata, plus voisin
de geminatus de Say, mais l’oeil n’est pas double et il differe de
toutes les espéces du méme groupe par sa large bande brune,
anguleuse, qui traverse le milieu des ailes supérieures.

S. ophthalmicus is nearly related to the European ocedlatus, and
more intimately to geminatus of Say, but the pupil is not double,
and it differs from all the species of the same group by having a
large, angular, brown band traversing the middle of the superior
wings.

This description of M. Boisduval is almost too indefinite to
authorize even a conjecture respecting this species, but it will pos-

sibly prove to be merely a variety of geminatus.
CLEMENS.

Tit Antenne ciliferous in the %, simple in the ©.
6. S. astylus Drury. Sphinx io Boisd. Figured in Drury II, pl. 26.

Reddish-brown or cinnamon-colored. Thorax with a dorsal
ferruginous stripe attenuated before. Tegule tinged with rosy
white in the 2. Abdomen fawn-color, with a faint dorsal brown-
ish line and the sides in the ¢’, somewhat tawny yellow, in the ?
rosy white. Anterior wings very white toward the base in the 9,

912 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with a bluish-black stripe along the inner margin, and a line of the
same hue along the medio-posterior nervule, joining it near the
inner angle, with sub-terminal whitish bands faintly tinged with
roseate, and a tawny yellow spot at the tip and inner angle. Pos-
terior wings tawny yellow or lutescent, intermixed with brownish
toward the costa, and a black ocellus above the inner angle, with
a bluish pupil. Under surface of anterior wings tawny yellow,
somewhat reddish-brown exteriorly, with yellow spots and white
bands corresponding to those on the upper surface. Posterior
wings reddish-brown, with two parallel, irregular rosy white cen-
tral lines. Length of the body 45 lines; expanse of the wings 30
lines in the ¢, 33 lines in the @.
Massachusetts; New York.

CLEMENS.

GRovpep II.

The hind margin of the anterior wings somewhat excavated from
the tip to medio-central nervule, and thence rounded to the inner
angle, entire in the ¢, crenated in the 2. Posterior wings emar-
ginate at the tip, hind border entire in the ¢, crenated in the 9.
~ Antenne with the stalk ciliferous, and the articles produced be-
neath the stalk each bearing four short pectinations in the ¢, and
simple in the 2. Palpi short in the 2 and scarcely exceeding the
front; in the ¢ exceeding it, divergent, almost attaining the level
of the vertex, the development being in the second article and the
third rudimental ; the tongue about as long as the palpi.

Larva, is granulated on transverse wrinkles, tapers anteriorly,
the thoracic rings being slender. The head is pyramidal and
granulated, the vertex elevated above the dorsum and bifid; caudal
horn densely spined. The pupa is rough, with the terminal oe
ments of abdomen flattened.

The position of the larva at rest is not sphinx-like; it is ex-
tended along the mid-rib of a leaf, and when disturbed, throws its
head from side to side, making a crepitating noise.

This group has its Huropean representative in Smerinthus popult.

DAREMMA. 913

7. S. juglandis Abbot & Smith. Figured in Sm. Abb. I, pl. 29.

Palpi reddish brown or-dark brown; head and thorax pale fawn
color or pale grayish, with a more or less distinct thoracic dorsal,
brownish stripe. Abdomen fawn color or unicolor. Anterior
wings, from the base to about the middle of disk, pale gray, with
a faint lilac tinge or pale fawn color, and a brownish line crossing
the basal part of the disk; a broad median shade, with its posterior
margin commencing on the costa midway between the origin of
post-apical vein and the tip, and inclined to about the middle of
inner margin, darkest at the edges and ochraceous brown, dark
brownish or ferruginous brown, and sometimes almost obsolete
above the medio-posterior vein, whence are emitted two lines which
mark the outline of the shade; a line of the same hue parallel to
posterior margin of median shade, with an intervening paler space
and a light-colored shade near hind margin, extending from disco-
central vein to the inner angle; the marginal space dark colored,
with a small light-colored costal spot extended to the tip. Poste-
rior wings ochraceous brown or dull fawn color, with a central
light-colored band edged on each side by dark lines, corresponding
to the posterior edge of median shade and its parallel line.

Mature Larva. Head pale reddish brown, with a pale yellow
lateral stripe and granulations. Body pale green or yellowish green,
with oblique lateral crimson streaks, edged beneath with pale yel-
low; body tinged with crimson above the prolegs and behind the

-horn; granulations pale yellow; horn brownish, with blackish
spinules. Feet dark reddish brown. Length about 24 inches.

Pupation. The pupa is blackish brown, roughened, with four
little prominences on the front of the head-case, and the terminal
segments flattened on the ventral surface. The larva attains its
full growth about the middle of September, and undergoes its*
transformation ina cell just beneath the surface.

Food-plants. 'The leaves of the black walnut and the hickory.

Massachusetts ; New York; Pennsylvania; Georgia.

CLEMENS.

DAREMMA WaALEER.

Body rather slender. Proboscis short, distinct. Antenne se-
taceous, serrated, a little longer than the thorax. Abdomen taper-
ing, full thrice the length of the thorax. Legs rather short and

914 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

stout; hind tibiz with four long spurs. Wings long, moderately
broad. Fore wings very slightly convex in front, hardly acumi-
nated, entire, slightly convex and very oblique along the exterior
border. Hind wings hardly acuminated.

1. D. undulosa Walker, p. 231.

Cinereous, hoary beneath. Thorax with a black testaceous-
bordered band in front and another behind, where there is also a
white band; a black stripe on each side. Abdomen with slight
testaceous bands, with a brown stripe in the middle, and with brown
spots along each side. Wings with white brown spotted ciliz.
Fore wings with slender undulating blackish bands, three toward
the base and four beyond the middle, where there is a white black-
ish-bordered discal spot; a blackish apical streak. Hind wings
with three brown bands.

Length of the body 18 lines, of the wings 36 lines.

Orillia, West Canada.

CLEMENS.

CGGNOSANDA WALKER.

Male. Size small. Body moderately stout, subfusiform. Head
slightly crested. Proboscis moderately long. Palpia little longer
and more slender than in the other genera; ‘third joint minute,
conical, apparent. Antenne setaceous, very minutely serrate, much
longer than the thorax. Abdomen less than twice the length of
the thorax, slightly tufted at the tip. Legs rather slender; hind
tibize with four moderately long spurs. Wings rather short, mode-
rately broad. Fore wings rounded at the tips, moderately oblique
and slightly convex along the exterior border; first, second, and
third inferior veins somewhat approximate; fourth remote.

1. GH. noctuiformis Walker, p. 232.

Hoary, whitish beneath. Head with a brownish crest. Thorax
with a brownish stripe along each side. Abdomen with a black
dot on each segment. Fore wings with several slender undulating
or angular, dark brown bands, and with a transverse more distinct

LAPARA—ELLEMA. 915

streak by the interior angle, near which there is a brown spot.

Hind wings brown, yellow towards the base.
Length of the body 6 lines, of the wings 14 lines.
St. Domingo.

CLEMENS.
LAPARA WALKER.

Male. Body rather slender. Head small, short. Proboscis
moderately long. Palpi very short. Antenne slender, subclavate,
hardly longer than the thorax and attenuated but hardly hooked
toward the tips. Abdomen linear, full twice the length of the
thorax. Legs slender; hind tibie with four moderately long
spurs. Wings rather narrow, not long. Fore wings almost
straight in front, slightly rounded at the tips, straight and very
oblique along the exterior border; interior border straight; second
inferior vein far nearer to the first than to the third; fourth very
remote. Hind wings rounded at the tips.

This genus has much outward resemblance to the Bombycide.

1. L. bombycoides Walker, p. 233.

Cinereous. Fore wings with a zigzag, oblique, black line, and
with several lanceolate, black marks. Hind wings brownish, paler
towards the base ; ‘cilie white.

Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Canada.
CLEMENS.

ELLEMA CLemens.

Size small. Body rather slender, diameter nearly equal, but
slightly fusiform in the ¢. The head is quite small, sessile and
somewhat depressed, being but partially visible from above; the
front moderate, vertical and subtufted; the palpi rather short and
slender, but equal to the front; the tongue equal to palpi; the
eyes very small; the antenne terminating in a short hook and seta,
and longer than the thorax. The thorax is very short and pilose,
but little advanced anterior to the base of the fore wings and
rather globosely rounded in front. The abdomen is cylindrical,

216 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

or nearly so, and about thrice the length of the thorax. The
anterior wings are equal to the length of the entire body, and are
a little more than twice longer than broad, with the tip rounded,
and the hind margin entire and obliquely convex, the inner angle
rounded and the inner margin straight. Hind wings rounded at
the tips. |

Male. Antenne prismatic and ciliferous. Female. Antenne
fusiform and finely ciliated.

1. B. harrisi. Sphinx coniferarum Harris, p. 297.

The palpi, head and thorax moderately pale umber, with the
sides of the thorax at the base of the anterior wings and lower
portion of tegule grayish. Abdomen brownish-gray. Anterior
wings umber colored, varied with pale gray, with two blackish-
brown lines from the inner margin crossing the disk to the costa,
and a series of blackish lunules in the interspaces, extending from
the costa a little beyond the origin of post-apical nervule to the
lower third of the inner margin and bordered interiorly with pale
gray; the mark in medio-central interspace is lanceolate, and
sometimes that in the posterior interspace; the ends of the nervules
tipped with dark brownish; fringes brown, spotted with white.
Lighter towards the base. female, the pale gray less abundant
on anterior wing, with long black dashes in the basal portion of
medio-central and posterior interspaces, and blackish in the middle
of submedian sulcus.

Mature Larva. Mr. George Newman, a collector in Philadel-
phia, assures me he has taken the larva of this insect near maturity
on the pines of New Jersey about the latter part of September.
He could describe it only in general terms. It was without a
caudal horn, and in general color green.

Maine; New Jersey; New Hampshire; North Carolina.

CLEMENS.

ARCTONOTUS Borsp.

Male. Body thick, very pilose. Proboscis very short, obsolete.
Palpi stout) very short and pilose. Antenne thick, serrate, very
pubescent, much longer than the thorax. Abdomen elongato-
obeonical, hardly longer than the thorax. Legs stout, pilose ;

’ ARCTONOTUS. rab

hind tibize with four rather short spurs. Wings moderately broad,
not long, hardly denticulated, rather deeply ciliated. Fore wings
straight in front, slightly acuminated, rather oblique and slightly
convex along the exterior border; second inferior vein (medio-
superior) nearer to the third (medio-central) than to the first
(disco-central); third rather further from the fourth (posterior)
than from the first. Hind wings much rounded at the tips.—
Walker.

‘This genus appears to connect Smerinthus with the Bombycide,

1. A. lucidus Boisd. Walker, p. 264.

Male. Gilded, tawny. Palpi brown. Antenne testaceous with
ferruginous branches. Lappets of the thorax (tegule) with a
darker border, which has a whitish edge. Fore wings with two
oblique, purplish bands, which are connected along the interior
border. Hind wings red, with gilded borders, and with a ferru-
ginous submarginal band.

“Size of our enothere. Wings quite entire; the superior dim
yellowish-gray, with a brilliant yellow reflection, marked with two
or three very obscure transverse bands, the most decided of which
is sinuous and placed near the extremity. Inferior wings violet,
with the extremity of an obscure purple and the fringe paler.

Body very short; corselet very hairy, of the color of the superior
wings. Antenne very robust (¢rés fortes). Under surface of the
wings of a grayish tint, with the disk of the superior ferruginous.”
Boisduval, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2me ser. X, p. 819.

California.
CLEMENS.

Fam. IX. DREPANULIDAE.

Appearance geometriform. Proboscis often none, some-
times conspicuous. Palpi very short. Antennee of the male
usually pectinated, of the female, simple. Abdomen not
extending beyond the secondaries. Legs slender; wings
wide; primaries often falcate. Flight nocturnal; wings ex-
tended in repose. Larva naked, with fourteen feet, gibbous
on the back, attenuated behind, no anal feet.

The following genus is the only representative of this family as
yet discovered in this country.

918 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

DREPANA Scar.

Body very slender. Proboscis not visible. Palpi very short,
not extending beyond the head. Antenne longer than the thorax.
Abdomen not extending so far as the hind wings. Legs slender,
bare, hind tibiae with four rather short spurs. Wings broad. Pri-
maries falcate, slightly convex along the costa, undulating or in- -
dented along the exterior border; interior angle rounded ; discal
areolet intersected by a secondary vein; second inferior vein more
than twice further from the third than from the first; third not
further from the fourth than from the second. Male. Antenne
moderately pectinated. emale. Antenne very minutely pecti-
nated, much longer than those of the male.

1. D. fasciata Steph. Uncula Haw.

Wines brownish-yellow; anterior with two oblique brown striz,
bent towards the costa; the posterior one with a brown cloud at-
tached towards the outer margin; between these streaks is a small
black dot towards the anterior edge of the wing; posterior wings

with a single streak.
WALKER.

2. D. arcuata Walk. C. B. M. VIII.

Male. Pale testaceous. Antenne with brown branches. Fore
wings very faleate, with brown oblique streaks along the costa ;
with two slender zigzag brown bands near the base, with two dark-
brown discal dots, and with three exterior brown bands; the first
and the third of the latter slight and undulating ; the second dark-
er, more distinct, and nearly straight, ending at the tip of the
wing, which is pale brown in front and gray behind, excepting the
extreme tip, which is wholly dark brown. Hind wings with seve-
ral indistinct tawny undulating bands, and with two minute brown
discal dots. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 15 lines.

This species closely resembles D. falcataria in form and color
and markings, but may be distinguished by its more faleate fore
wings, by the more oblique second exterior band, by the less
numerous and less distinct bands of the hind wings, and by other
differences.

Nova Scotia.

WALKER.

DREPANA. 219

The two following species differ from the European groups of
Drepana by the outline of their fore wings, which are convex in

the middle of the exterior border.
WALKER.

8. D. rosea Walk. C. B. M. VIII.

Male. Pale dull rose-color. Head bright rose-color. Antennze
with rather short and thick-set branches. Hind tibia with the
apical spurs rather long. Wings partly yellow towards the base,
with a yellow oblique and slightly undulating band, which in the
hind wings is dilated, and occupies the whole apical half of the
wing, with the exception of a spot in front of the exterior border.
Fore wings nearly straight along the costa, slightly falcate at the
tips; exterior border undulating, convex in the middle, third infe-
rior vein thrice further from the fourth than from the second.
Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Nova Scotia.
WALKER.

4. D. marginata Walk. C. B. M. VIII.

Male? Like D. rosea in the form of its wings. Yellow. Head
rose-color. Antenne like those of D. rosea in structure. Legs
partly red, more pilose than those of D. rosea; hind tibiz with
very minute spurs. Wings with some slender indistinct oblique
and undulating pale-reddish bands. Fore wings nearly straight in
front, slightly faleate at the tips, undulating along the exterior
border, which is convex in the middle; costa with a slight reddish
tinge towards the base; exterior border with a red band, which
contains some black marks, and is continued to the fore part of the
exterior border of the hind wings; two white discal dots; second
inferior vein about twice further from the third than from the first;
third twice further from the fourth than from the second. Length

of the body 4 lines; of the wings 12 lines.
WALKER.

Fam. X. SATURNIDAR. |

Antennz bipectinated in the male; much longer than the
width of the head. Tongue often obsolete. Palpi very short.
Legs robust, hairy; hind tibize with two small apical spurs.
Abdomen pilose, sometimes not reaching the ends of the

920 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings. Wings wide and sometimes fenestrate; fore wings
often falcate, interior margin with only one vein. No /re-
nulum.

SATURNIA ScHRANK.

Palpi distinct, rather short, clothed with scales, compressed,
triarticulate, terminal joint short, ovate; maxille obsolete. Am _
tenne short; those of the male bipectinated, each joint bearing a
simple pectination, the latter diminishing in length towards the
apex of the antenne; those of the female with each joint uniden-
tate, not pectinated; head moderate; thorax rather short and pilose;
abdomen moderate, pilose, tufted at the apex; wings entire, broad,
horizontally expanded.—WStevens’ Lllust. Brit. Ins., Vol. II, p. 36.

1. S. io Smith § Abbot. Figured in Vol. I, pl. 49. Naturalists’ Lib.
XXXVII, p. 156, pl. 16, fig. 3.

Antenne, head, and thorax yellow, the two latter hairy; supe-
riors, yellow in the male, with several undulating brown streaks;
reddish-brown in the female, with three waved continuous yellow
lines across the surface and a cluster of small yellow spots towards
the centre. Superiors, yellow beneath, with a black ocelliform
spot in the middle, with a white pupil, behind which is a transverse
reddish ray. Inferiors, yellow above, with a large central ocelli-
form spot, which is black, with a white elongated pupil; behind
this eye there is a black semicircular band, succeeded by another
parallel one which is ferruginous; the inner margin of the wing is
likewise ferruginous. On the under side yellow, with a transverse
ferruginous ray.

The.male expands two and a half inches; the female is larger.
Thorax and legs ferruginous, abdomen ochre-yellow, with a narrow
purple line on each segment.

Larva, clear green, with a lateral brown stripe, edged below with
white, beginning on the fourth segment and ending at the anus.
Hach segment has five or six tufts of green prickles, terminated by
minute black points, which occasion a smarting sensation if they
penetrate the hand. There is a triangular brown spot on the
under side of each segment, beginning with the fourth. Feet
brown.

The cocoon is spun between several dry leaves.

SATURNIA. 221

It feeds on sassafras (Zaurus sassafras), dogwood (Cornus flo-
rida), and poplar (Liriodendron).
United States.

2. S. maia Drury. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 50. Proserpina Fab. Nat.
Library XXXVI, p. 154, pl. 16, fig. 1. Drury II, pl. 42. Cram.
Pap. Exot. II, 3 pl. 98. Pal. Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. pl. 24.

Head and antenne black; the latter strongly pectinated. Tho-
rax in front whitish. Top of head black and hairy, behind ferru-
ginous. Abdomen above black, terminated by a tuft of ferruginous
hairs in the males; below gray, with white spots on the sides.
Wings black, thin and translucent; they are crossed by a whitish
band, which expands on the inferiors. On each there is a black ©
spot, with a whitish streak on it. Under side similar. Legs
black; femurs ferruginous. Expands two and a half inches.

The larva varies much in color, according to age. When full
grown, it is yellow, with a broad dark stripe on each side and two
reddish tubercles on the top of each segment. The head, posterior
segment, and legs, purplish red. Hach segment has several hairy
spines.

Feeds on various species of oak.

United States.

3. S. hera Harris, Ins. of New England, p. 286. Fig. on pl. 359, IV of
Audubon’s Birds of America.

Resembles S. mata in form and size, but the wings are more
opaque. Color pale yellow. On each of the wings there is a
reniform black spot between two transversely undulating black
bands; outer margin black; the veins, from the external black
band to the edge are marked with broad black lines, and there is
a short black line at the base of the superiors. The head, forepart
of the thorax, and upper side of the legs are deep ochre yellow.
The rings of the abdomen are transversely banded with black at
the base and with ochre yellow on their hinder edges. The reni-
form spots on the superiors have a very slender central yellow cres-
cent, and those on the inferiors touch the external black band.

Expands three inches.

The other moth figured on the same plate in Audubon is proba-
bly the female of hera.

Southern States.
HARRIS.

222 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4, S. eglanterina Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me ser. X, 323.

Size and form of Proserpina. Upper side of primaries yellowish-
white, slightly flesh color, powdered with a little blackish at the
base, with the upper edge and two transverse bands black; the
one, near the base, uniting with a large longitudinal streak of the
same color; the other, near the extremity, bent, but not sinuous.
Between these two bands there is a black rounded spot, or kind of —
eye, marked with a small whitish crescent; fringe widely black,
uniting with some sagittate streaks of the same color, situated on
the nerves. Secondaries of a beautiful ochry yellow, marked in
the middle with a large black point, in place of an eye; beyond
the middle a black curved band, in a line with that of the primaries.
Fringe black, forming some sagittate spots of the same color.
Head and prothorax ferruginous; thorax mingled with yellow.
Abdomen of the same color as the secondaries, paler below and a
little annulated with black. Under side like the upper. Antenne
black, pennated in the male, a little ciliate in the female.

California.
Borsp.

5. S. pica Walker. C. B. M. 1318.

Male. White. Head, thorax in front and behind, pectus and
femora luteous. Antenne, tibiz and tarsi brown. Abdomen above
luteous, with a whitish spot and a brown band on each segment.
Wings with black borders, with two curved black bands, with a
large curved discal black spot, and with marginal black streaks.
Fore wings with a black basal streak. bas of the body 11
lines; of the wings 30 lines.

United States.
WALKER.

6. ? megaera Fab. Ent. Syst. III, 1. Walker, C. B. M. pt. v, 1378.

Primaries bluish spotted with white; secondaries white at the.
apex, blue with yellow waves.

North America.
WALKER.

7. S. galbina Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. for 1860, p. 156.

Antennee luteous. Body and head rather dark brown. Fore
wings yellowish-brown, with a rather faint, whitish, angulated band
at the base. On the discal nervure is a round, black ocellus having

ATTACUS, 293

a central subvitreous streak, containing a yellow circle, and toward
the base of the wing a slender blue crescent. A whitish band
crosses the middle of the nervules, with a faint wavy one between
it and the hind margin. In the apical interspace is a black spot,
with a crimson streak to the tip of the wing. The marginal por-
tion of the wing is whitish and is tinged in the terminal edge with
pale yellowish-brown. Hind wings similar in color and ornament-
ation to the fore wings, the ocelli being somewhat smaller. On
the under surface, which is similar in hue to the upper, the faint
wavy bands of the fore and hind wings are very distinct.

Texas.
CLEMENS.

ATTACUS Lin.

The Attact are distinguished from the Saturnians by their su-
perior size—the wide, strongly pectinated antenne in both sexes;
the horizontal and widely extended wings, which are marked with
vitreous, diaphanous spots, and by the tubercles on the backs of the
larvee.

1. A. cecropia Linn. Drury, I, pl. 18. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 45.
| Nat. Lib. XXXVI, p. 132, pl. xi.

Antenne brown and broadly pectinated. Body fulvous. Thorax
very hairy, with a white band before. Abdomen annulated with
alternate white and dark brown, the latter edged behind with black ;
primaries falcate at their extremity. They are brown and covered
with a white dust; a fulvous spot-at the base, bordered with whit-
ish. On the disk, a semi-transparent reniform spot, bordered with
black, with a white centre. A fulvous band crowned with white
crosses both wings; a sinuous whitish band on a grayish ground
crosses the posterior edge; towards the inferior angle there are
two or three irregular round black spots in a series; near the up-
per angle there is an ocellated black spot, nearly surrounded with
green; between this and another oblong black spot on the tip,
there is a mark similar to an inverted W.

Secondaries similar, excepting the lower edge, which has a nar-
row brown band; above it a series of spots of the same color, on
a grayish ground, which is surmounted with a broad band of brown.
The discoidal spot is larger and the transverse band broader.

224 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Expands from five and a half to six inches.

Larva, light green; the second segment, surmounted with two
red tubercles, having a number of short black hairs; the third seg-
ment has two larger tubercles; the others are crowned with oval
yellow warts with hairs at the end; the last segment has but one
of a larger size. On the side, two series of long, light blue tuber-
cles, and a shorter series over the first five segments.

Feeds on apple, cherry, wild plum, currant, barberry.

It spins an oval cocoon, which is often as large as a hen’s egg,
which it attaches to the side of a stem. Externally it is brown
and wrinkled; inside of this outer covering there is paler brown
silk; this covers an inner cocoon closely spun, within which the
chrysalis reposes. °

United States.

2. A. promethea Drury. Figured in Drury II, pl. 11. Sm. Abb. I, pl.
46. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, p. 134, pl. 12.

Eyes and antenne dark brown; the latter broadly pectinated in
the males. ‘Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Legs and under
side of the body reddish-brown, Wings same color, falecate on the
outer edge. A sinuous, grayish line crosses both in the middle;
outer margin drab, through which passes a sinuous, dark reddish
line; an ocellate black spot, surmounted by a blue crescent near
the tip, between which and the tip there is a zigzag whitish line.
The wings near the upper angle are of a rich flesh color.

The secondaries are similar, except the drab margin, on which,
besides the sinuous line, there is a series of oblong dark brown spots
between the line and ground color of the wings.

The under side is similarly marked, but the color approaches to
a crimson tint. In the middle of the superiors there is a small
sagittate spot of dark red; the inferiors have an indistinct, short,
white line in the middle. Expands three inches and a half.

The female differs considerably from the male. The body is
reddish-brown. The upper surface of the wings is bright ferrugi-
nous. They have the ocellated spot and the zigzag line near the
tip as well as the sinuous line on the drab margin as in the male,
but the oblong corresponding spots on the inferiors are ferruginous
instead of brown.

Both lower wings are crossed by an undulating yellowish-white
line, the inner edge of which is black and the outer gray. At the

ATTACUS. 225

base there is a large fulvous spot, bordered with white and black.
On the middle of the superiors there is an oblong yellowish-white
spot, broadest at the upper extremity, bordered with. black. On
the middle of the inferiors there is a spot of similar color, but
more square and emarginate below.

The under surface is similar, but the color is brighter and the
ocellated spot on the superiors is brownish. Expands four inches.

Larva green; feet yellow. Hach segment except the posterior
has six blue spots, mounted with black tubercles. In the second
and third segments the two middle tubercles are supplanted by two
red processes of a third of an inch in length. The last segment
has but five tubercles; the central one has a yellow process.

It feeds on Laurus sassafras, spice wood, L. benzoin, and swamp
buttonwood, Cephalanthus occidentalis,

In preparing for its transformation, it selects a leaf and covers
the upper surface of it with a yellowish-brown silk, extending this
coating over the footstalk of the leaf and attaching it firmly to the
branch. It next draws the edges of the leaf together, thus cover-
ing itself with a mantle, in which it spins a strong cocoon. It
soon assumes the pupa form, in which state it remains suspended
with the leaf during the winter and is disclosed the next summer.

United States.

3. A.luna Fabr. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 48. Drury, I, pl. 4. Cram.
Clerck, Icon.

Antenne brown; head white and small. Thorax white, some-
times yellowish or greenish, with a reddish-brown band at the
anterior part, which extends the whole length of the upper edge
of the superior wings. :

Body of the same color with the thorax, but usually whitish.
Both pairs of wings are clear green. On each there is an ocellate
spot, of which a small part is transparent, encircled with yellow,
before which there is a semicircle of black and blue, and in that
of the primaries a purple line between the semicircle and the trans-
parent part. On one side of each there is also a whitish line. The
nervures on all the wings are very distinct and pale brown. The
wings near the body are densely pilose.

The secondaries are terminated by a spatular tail, nearly two
inches long; all the wings are edged with pale yellow or ochre.

The under side is similar to the upper, except an indistinct un-

226 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dulating line running along the margin of both wings. Feet fer-
ruginous or purple-brown. Body covered with white hairs having
the appearance of wool. Expands about five inches.

Larva pale bluish-green. A yellow stripe on each side of the
body. Between each segment of the back a line of yellow. On
each segment five or six small pearly protuberances, tinged with
purple or red, having a few hairs. At the posterior end three
brown spots, edged above with yellow. Length, when at rest, |
about two inches; about three, when in motion.

It spins its cocoon of whitish silk about two inches long, between
two or three leaves it has previously drawn together with silken
threads. The moth is disclosed in June. °

It feeds on walnut (/uglans) and hickory (Carya).

United States.

4, A. polyphemus Fab. Figured in Nat. Lib. XXXVI.

Antenne ferruginous; body of the same color; head cinereous.
Superiors falcate, especially in the male. Upper margin cinereous,
or dull ochre yellow. Base and outer edge russety. About half
from the centre to the tip they are sprinkled with dark brown.
Towards the base an irregular band of pale white and carmine.
An obsolete ferruginous band crosses the middle. ‘Towards the
margin a band of pale purple and brownish, terminated at the tip
with a black spot interrupted by the nervure, on a whitish ground
nearly surrounded with purple. Near the centre there is. an ocel-
late, transparent spot, bordered with a double ring of yellow and
black, and a whitish semicircle towards the base.

Inferiors, fulvo-cinereous; posterior border russety; a broad
band, half pale violet and half blackish, surmounts this border.
In the centre, a large black ocellate spot, with a yellow iris and a
transparent oval point in the middle. Above the transparent part
there is a blue dust that insensibly mingles with the black.

On the under side the ground color is paler, but the bands are
more distinct. The outer border of the superiors is deep brown.
The base of the inferiors is briguter ferruginous, resting on a brown
band crossing both inferiors horizontally. The black part of the
ocellate spot on the upper side is not discernible, and instead of
the band there is a row of indistinct semicircular spots. Expands
nearly six inches.

Larva, somewhat similar to that of A. Juna, but it is destitute

ATTACUS. 227

of the lateral yellow stripe and the bands between the segments.
It has pearly tubercles tinted with purple. Head and feet brown.
Posterior end bordered by a brown mark similar to the letter V.
It forms its cocoon similar to A. luna.
United States.

5. A. paphia Fab. Figured in Petiv. Gazoph. tab. 29.

Nearly the size of A. cecropia. Primaries with the extremity sub-
faleate; ferruginous yellow, with the anterior edge cinereous. A
yellowish white band, an ocellated spot, white, of which the middle
is gray. The iris brown and the pupil transparent; edge ferrugi-
nous, on which there is a black violet ray. A little before the
extremity there is an indistinct blackish marginal spot. Seconda-
ries yellow, rounded, an ocellated spot similar to the preceding
placed in the middle; paler towards the posterior edge, with indis-
tinct undulated rays.: Under side ferruginous yellow, with the
same spots as on the upper side. The ocellated spots of the male
are oblong; those of the female round. |

North A merica.
¥ GopT.

6. A. angulifera Walker. C. B. M. 1224.

Male and female. Wings with a blackish zigzag band, which
extends from much beyond the middle of the costa of the fore
wings to three-fourths of the breadth of the interior border of the
hind wings. This band is diffuse on the inner side, and is bordered
with a diffuse whitish line on the outer side. Discal spot whitish,
forked, with a black border; larger in the fore wings than in the
hind wings. Exterior border pale testaceous, curved, outwardly
black bordered band between the base and the discal spot, and
with a black subapical ocellus, which is bordered with white on
the inner side. Hind wings with a row of elongated spots near
the exterior border.

Male. Brown. Antenne very deeply pectinated; branches in
pairs, which are of equal length. Abdomen extending to much
less than half the breadth of the hind wings.

Female. Ferruginous or reddish. Antenne moderately pecti-
nated; the alternate branches black and rather longer than the
others. Abdomen extending to much more than half the breadth

228 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

of the hind wings. Length of the body 7—12 lines; of the wings
4248 lines. Pores:

North America.’ -
A WALKER.

7. A. didyma Palis de Beauv. Figured in Palis of de Beauv. pl. 20.

Body very thick, very hairy; wings saffron yellow. Primaries
with some vinous spots; sprinkled above with numerous, small, -
irregular dots; a large vinous spot at the base; external edge with
a deeper band, nearly ferruginous, bordered with the same color
as the base. Hach wing has two round, ocelliform spots towards
the middle; ring vinous; centre white; these two are contiguous
on the primaries. Those on the secondaries are a little separated,
the upper one is browner. Under side paler yellow, edges above
a little ferruginous and somewhat more spotted than the rest. The
ocelliform spots have their edges nearly violet; upper spots entirely
violet.

North America.
Dr BEAvvols.

8. A. splendida De Beauvois. Ins. en Afrique et en Amer. p. 133, pl.
Boi fT, Di

Dull reddish-brown. Thorax banded with white before and behind.
Abdomen with a white stigmatal band, edged above and beneath
with black, and containing reddish-brown spots. Fore wings with
a basal white streak extending from the costa to the base of medio-
posterior nervule and thence to the inner margin at the base of the
wing, bordered toward the base with orange-yellowish and exter-
nally by black. ‘The breadth of the disk is occupied by a large
trigonate vitreous patch, extended behind so as to interrupt a white,
wavy, narrow band crossing the middle of the nervules, and which
is bordered internally with black and externally with orange-yel-
lowish. The trigonate patch is edged within by white and exter-
nally by black behind and before. Beyond the transnervular band
the wing is brown dusted with blackish and powdered with whitish
roseate in the medio-posterior and submedian interspaces behind
the band. At the tip is a large whitish roseate patch, three con-
tiguous black spots at the end of the postapical interspace, with a
wavy, black, submarginal line. Hind margin luteo-testaceous.
Hind wings, trigonate vitreous patch somewhat larger than in fore
wings, continued around the costa to the base of the wing and the

CERATOCAMPA. 229

medio-posterior interspace and those adjoining it, powdered with
whitish roseate behind the band. Hind margin luteo-testaceous,
with a row of black spots and a dark brown line.

Texas. |
Curmens. Proc. A. N. 8. for 1860, p. 160.

CHRATOCAMPA Harris.

Body thick. Proboscis short, hardly visible. Palpi very short,
not exceeding as far as the head. Antenne a little shorter than
the thorax. Legs stout, rather long, hind tibie with two very
minute apical spurs. Wings rather long, moderately broad. Fore
wings acuminated, very slightly convex in front ; exterior border
almost straight, very oblique; second inferior vein twice or more
than four times further from the third than from the first. Male.
Antenne deeply pectinated, merely serrated for more than one-
third of the length from the tips. Female. Antenne simple.

(The name of the genus is founded on the character of the larva,

that being armed with horns.)
CB. Ms

1. C. regalis Fab. .F. regia Sm. Abb. Laocoon Cram. Figured in Sm.
Abb. p. 121, pl. 61. Nat. Lib. XXXVII, p. 161, pl. 18. L. Drury,
pl. 9.

Antenne pectinated half their length, and setaceous at the end ;
head orange-red ; thorax same color, with a yellow band in front,
extending round each side, and two longitudinal broad yellow lines
on the top; abdomen red, with a yellow band across each segment
except the last. Superiors olive, with about six large yellow spots
in a series crossing them, the two largest near the tip; two or
three other irregular yellow spots further towards the base; two
yellow spots at the base; nervures thick and red. Inferiors orange-
red, with large irregular patches of yellow and a series of six or
seven olive-colored sagittate spots between the veins towards the
analangle. The under side of the superiors is yellow at the base, red
in the centre, and olive on the margin. The series of yellow spots
and the red nervures similar to the upper side. Under side of
inferiors bright yellow, with a red spot in the centre. A pale red
transverse band which expands and covers the whole of the outer

230 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

angle, where there are a few sagittate olive spots. Body beneath
yellow, with some red spots; legs red. Expands five inches.

Larva green, with pale blue across each segment; on the side
of each segment a large bluish spot nearly square; head and feet
orange. On the first segment two long curved spines; on the
second, four, and an equal number on the third. They are yellow,
except at the tip, and are beset with small sharp points. On each
of the other segments there are six shorter spines, except the ele- ©
venth, on which there are seven, the longest one in the middle, and
on the last segment there are eleven. Length from five to six
inches.

Feeds on black walnut (Juglans), persimmon (Diospyros vir-
giniana).

Chrysalis short and thick, with a small mucro at the ea
part and edges of the segments without spines.

United States.

2. C. imperialis Drury. Imperatoria Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. II,
pl. 55. Jardine’s Nat. Lib. XXXVII, pl. 17.

Antenne and head yellow or reddish-brown; thorax brown in
front, yellow on top, purple on the sides; abdomen yellow, shaded
with purple.

Primaries yellow, sprinkled with purple, a large purple spot at
the base, a double round spot, with a yellow centre on the disk, a
sinuous purple band, commencing at the tip and crossing the wing,
a broad purple patch on the external border.

Secondaries of the same color, a smaller purple cloud at the
base, a purple band with a round spot, having a yellow centre
resting on it. Under side paler, the sprinkled dots not so nume-
rous, and the bands indistinct. Expands four and a half inches.

_ Larva varies in color; sometimes tawny, again orange and
tawny, occasionally green. It has two short rugose horns on each
of the second and third segments, and some minute sharp points
on the others, crowned with tufts of long rigid hairs. There is a
small yellow spot, surrounded with a black ring, on the sides of all
the segments except the first three.

Feeds on the plane-tree (Platanus occidentalis), the oak (Quer-
cus), sweet gum (Liguidambar), and pine (Pinus).

Chrysalis narrow, elongated, tail bifid at the extremity, edges
of the segments armed with a regular series of spines.

United States. |

DRYOCAMPA, 931

DRYOCAMPA Harris.

Body stout. Proboscis not visible. Antenne shorter than the
thorax. Abdomen hardly extending beyond the hind wings. Legs
stout; hind tibia with two minute apical spurs. Wings mode-
rately broad, thinly pilose. Primaries straight along the costa,
acuminated at the apex, hardly convex, and very oblique along
the exterior border.

Male. Antenne deeply pectinated to much beyond half the
length, minutely serrated from thence to the tips. Female. An-
tenne simple.

1. D. stigma F. Figured in Smith & Abbot, p. 111, pl. 56.

Reddish-ochreous. Superiors purple on the outer border and
internal side, thickly sprinkled with blackish dots; a small white |
spot in the centre and crossed from the tip with a narrow purple
band. Body deep yellow; the under side similar though paler
and not having so many black spots. Inferiors with a narrow
transverse purple red band; border sprinkled with a few black
dots. Expands from one inch and three-quarters to two inches
and three-quarters.

Larva yellow, with black thorns on the back. Feeds on the oak.

United States.

2. D. senatoria F.

Ochre-yellow. Wings faintly tinged with purplish-red, espe
cially on the front and hind margins, and crossed by a narrow
purple-brown band behind the middle. Superiors sprinkled with
blackish dots; a small white spot near the middle. The male is
much smaller than the female; its wings are thinner and more
tinged with purple-red. Expands about an inch and three-quar-
ters; the females two and a half or more.

Larva black, with four narrow ochre-yellow stripes along the
back and two on each side. On each segment about six short,
thorns or sharp points, besides two on the top of the second seg-
ment, which are long and filiform, but not flexible.

United States.

2»

232 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERIOA.

8. D. pellucida Abb. Virginiensis Drur. Figured in Smith & Abbot, p.
115, pl. 58. |

Resembles D. senatoria, but is smaller and more delicate.

Body ochre-yellow. Superiors of the male purple-brown, with
a large colorless transparent space in the middle, near which is a
small round white spot, and towards the hinder margin a narrow
oblique very faint dusky stripe. Inferiors purple-brown, nearly
transparent in the middle, and margined with pale purple. Under
side similar.

Larva rust-yellow ; body pea-green, shaded on the back and
sides with red; striped with very pale yellowish-green, and armed
with black spines.

United States.
HARRIS.

4. D. rubicunda /. Harris, Ins. of Mass. p. 293.

Superiors rose-colored, crossed by a broad pale yellow band.
Inferiors pale yellow. Abdomen and legs rose-colored.

United States. :
HARRIS.

5. D. bicolor Harris, Ins. of Mass. p. 293.

Upper side of the fore wings and under side of the hind wings
are brownish-gray, sprinkled with black dots, and with a small
round white spot near the middle, and a narrow oblique dusky
band behind it on the fore wings; the upper side of the hind wings
and the under side of the fore wings, except the front edge and
hinder margin of the latter, are crimson-red, and the body is
brownish-gray. The male expands two inches and a quarter.

United States.
HARRIS.

BOMBYCIDAE Stern. Bombycina Her.-Sch.

The difficulty of distributing this family into consistent genera
has been acknowledged by all who have studied it. Various sy-
nopses have been proposed, but none, as yet, have been generally
adopted. Most of them have been founded more or less exclu-
sively on the perfect insects, but such cannot stand as the larve

and transformation become better known.

GASTROPACHA. . 233

The Bombycide, so called from Bombyx, the ancient name for
silkworm, inclose themselves in cocoons of silk in the larval state,
and hence are called spinners by the Germans. They are mostly
thick-bodied moths, with the antenne generally pectinated in both
sexes. The organs of the mouth are in an undeveloped state, the
thorax woolly, and the anterior legs often very hairy. The larve
for the most part have tubercles mounted with tufts of hair, and
live exposed on plants. :

GASTROPACHA Ocuas.

Body thick. Head prominent. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi stout,
porrect, pilose, extending some distance beyond the head; third
joint less than half the length of the second, rounded at tip.
Antenne curved, a little shorter than the thorax. Abdomen gene-
rally extending more or less beyond the hind wings. Legs stout,
very pilose, hind tibise with two very minute apical spurs. Wings
moderately broad, denticulated along the exterior border. Fore
wings nearly straight in front, slightly acuminated at the tips,
moderately oblique along the exterior border; first and second
inferior veins almost contiguous at the base; third rather remote
from the second, more remote from the fourth. JMJdale. Antenne
rather deeply pectinated. emale. Antenne moderately pecti-
nated.

1. G. americana. Figured in Smith & Abbot, p. 101, pl. 51. /

Color, reddish-brown; margins of anterior and’ posterior wings
notched ; notches white; behind the middle of each of the wings
is a pale band, edged with zigzag dark-brown lines, and there are
also two or three short irregular brown lines running backwards
from the front edge of the fore wings, besides a minute pale cres-
cent edged with dark brown, near the middle. In the female, the
pale bands and dark lines are sometimes wanting, the wings being
almost entirely of a red-brown color.

United States.
HARRIS.

934 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. G. laricis Fitch. (Planosa Fitch laricis.) Figured in Fitch’s Second
Report.

Male. Head densely clothed with white hairs in front, blackish
ones about the eyes. Palpi minutely concealed by fine long hairs.
‘Antenne short, abruptly bent near the middle, pectinated to the
bend, and then shorter to the end. Thorax clothed with long
hairs of dark gray; an oblong crest of glossy scales on the poste-
rior part. Tongue short, not coiled. Abdomen with blackish
hairs above, whitish beneath, the end with a dense pure white tuft.
Wings semitransparent, thickly covered with brown scales, which
are denuded ; veins robust and white, with darker irregular bands;
unemarginate. Legs densely covered with long white tufts; for-
ward shanks have a tuft of blackish hairs.

Female. .Much larger, and differently colored. Wings thin,
translucent; hind edge with a slender white band; before this
there is a narrow pale dusky band abruptly widened near its mid-
dle to double its width; this band is margined on its anterior side
by a white line, by which it is separated from a much broader and
more dusky band which is waved in its middle; forward of this
the wings are milk-white, crossed by four very faint equidistant
wavy bands of the same delicate pale dusky hue with those behind.
Hind wings of the same dusky tint as the bands of the fore wings, —
but paler; a white line on their hind margin. Body white, with
a tuft of pale brown at the apex. Thorax crested blackish. An-
tenne shorter than those of the male. Hxpands an inch and a
half.

New York.

Fitca.

3. G. velleda Stoll. Figured in Smith & Abbot, p. 103, pl. 51.

Body thick and woolly, white, variegated or clouded with blue-
gray. On the fore wings are two broad dark-gray bands inter-
vening between three narrow wavy white bands, the latter being
marked with an irregular gray line; the veins are white, promi-
nent, and very distinct; the hind wings are gray, with a white
hind border on which are two interrupted gray lines, and across
the middle there is a broad faint whitish band; on the top of the
thorax is an oblong blackish spot, widening behind, and consisting

CLISIOCAMPA. 935

of long black and pearl-colored scales shaped somewhat like the
handle of a spoon. Great disparity in the size of the sexes.
HARRIS.

4. G. occidentalis Walk. IlicifoliaSm. Abb. Americana Harris. Fig-
ured in Smith & Abbot, II, pl. 51.

Ferruginous; ciliz of the wings marked with white; primaries |
with oblique blackish fascie#, testaceous at the base, cinereous at
the exterior margin; secondaries with the disk partly testaceous.

North America.
HABRIS.

CLISIOCAMPA Curtis.

Body stout or thick. Palpi short, hardly extending beyond the
head; third joint slightly acuminated. Antenne a little longer
than the thorax. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibie with two very
minute apical spurs. Wings more or less broad. Fore wings
straight in front, slightly rounded at the tip, somewhat oblique along
the exterior border; first and second inferior veins almost contigu-
ous at the base; third twice further from the fourth than from the
second. Male, antenne deeply pectinated. Abdomen robust,
hardly extending beyond the hind wings. emale, antenne very
slightly pectinated. Abdomen thick, extending for one-third of
its length beyond the hind wings. (C. B. IZ)

l. C. decipiens Walk. Castrensis Smith & Abbot.

Color rust or reddish-brown, variegated with gray, especially on
the middle and base of the fore wings. Anterior wings crossed
obliquely by two dingy white parallel lines; margin ciliate and
whitish. Hind wings without lines or spots; a portion of the
costal margin whitish. Beneath darker. Length of the body 5—6
lines; of the wings 10—12 lines.

United States.
WALKER.

Harris, Ins. of Mass., has called this species Americana, but
that name is preoccupied by Fab.

236 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. C.? americana Fab.

Male. Antenne strongly pectinate. Wings whitish; primaries

with some fuscous costal streaks.
Fas.

3. C. sylvatica Harris. Ins. of Mass. p. 271.

Brownish-yellow or nankin color. The hind wings, except at
base, are light rusty brown. On the fore wings are two oblique
rust-brown and nearly straight parallel lines. A variety is some-
times found with a broad red-brown band across the fore wings,
occupying the whole space, which, in other individuals, intervenes
between the oblique lines. The wings expand from one inch and
a quarter to one and three quarters.

Larva. Wight blue, clear on the back, and greenish at the sides.
Head blue, without spots. Two yellow spots and four black dots
on the top of the first segment. Along the top of the back a row
of eleven oval white spots, beginning on the second segment, and
two small elevated black and hairy dots on each segment, except
the eleventh, which has only one of larger size. On each side of
the back is a reddish stripe bordered by slender black lines; and
lower down on each side is another stripe of yellow color between
two black lines. The under side of the body is blue-black. Lives
in communities of three or four hundred under a common web or
tent, which is sometimes made against the trunk of the walnut, oak,
and more rarely of apple-trees.

Northern States.
HARRIS.

ARTACE WALKER.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis obsolete. Palpi stout, por-
rect, pilose, not éxtending beyond the head; first joint short; third
minute, conical. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind
wings. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibia with two minute apical
spurs. Wings rather narrow. Fore wings straight in front, round-
ed at the tips, very oblique along the exterior border; interior
angle somewhat-rounded and very obtuse; first and second inferior
veins contiguous at the base; third about twice further from the
fourth than from the second. , :

CERURA. ‘ 237

Male. Antenne rather deeply pectinated to beyond one-third
of their length, slightly pectinated from thence to the tips. e-
male. Antenne moderately pectinated. .

1. A. punctistriga Walker, C. B. M. pl. 5, 1491. .

White. Antenne with tawny branches. Tarsi with black bands.
Fore legs very thickly clothed with long hairs. Fore wings with
four oblique bands of black dots on the veins; these bands form
each an angle near the costa, and there the dots are largest, and
the space between them is occasionally blackish; a row of black
dots (which are occasionally obsolete) between the veins on the
exterior border. Hind wings with a transverse more or less indis-
tinct brownish mark near the interior angle. Length of the body
8—10 lines; of the wings 16—24 lines.

Georgia.
WALKER.

2. A. albicans Walker. C. B.M. 1492, pt. v. .

White. Palpi rose color, blackish towards the base. Antenne
with brown branches. Legs with black bands; fore tibiz partly
clothed with rosy hairs. Wings with a row of black dots between
the veins on the exterior border, near which there is a parallel row
of brownish dots. Fore wings with a rosy tinge towards the base
of the costa; veins with black dots, which form four or five oblique
bands. Length of body 5—6 lines; of the wings 12—16 lines.

Georgia?

WALKER.

3. A. punctivena Walker.

Male. Tawny, shining, paler beneath. Middle tarsi black, with
testaceous bands. Fore wings with five oblique bands of black
dots; the dots on the veins, with the exception of those of the
exterior marginal band which lie between the veins. Hind wings
with an indistinet interrupted submarginal grayish band. Length
of the body 6 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

WALKER.

938 ; LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Fam. XI. NOTODONTIDAE Her.-Scu.

Body usually robust, pilose, abdomen extending beyond
the wings, sometimes nearly double the length. Proboscis
often none or very short, sometimes rather long. Palpi
moderate, rarely very long. Antenne of the male usually
pectinate, rarely simple; of the female, simple, rarely sub-
pectinate. yes usually naked. Legs densely pilose or
scaly. Primaries not wide. Wings entire, often long.

CERURA Scar. Herpya Hiibn.

Body stout, pilose. Proboscis very short. Palpi very short.
Antenne pectinated to the tips, longer than the thorax. Abdomen
extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibie
with two minute apical spurs. Wings rather long. Fore wings
almost straight along the costa, rounded at the tips, very oblique
along the exterior border; anterior angle much rounded; discal
areolet intersected by a secondary forked vein; three inferior veins,

second about four times further from the third than from the first.
Cc. B. M.

1. C. borealis Harris. Furcula Sm. Abb. Figured in Griffith’s Régne
Animal, Smith & Abbot, p. 141, pl. 71.

Antenne feathered in both sexes, but narrow and tapering, and
bent upwards at the point; the legs, especially the first pair, which
are stretched out before the body when at rest, are very hairy;
wings thin and almost transparent. Ground color, dirty white ;
the fore wings are crossed by two broad blackish bands, the outer
one of which is transversed and interrupted by an irregular wavy
-whitish line ; the hinder margins of all the wings are dotted with
black, and there are several black dots at the base and a single one
near the middle of the fore wings; the top of the thorax is black-
ish, and the collar is edged with black.

United States.
HARRIS.

NOTODONTA. 239

NOTODONTA Ocus.

Body stout. Proboscis distinct, very short. Palpi short, por-
rect, pilose, not’ extending beyond the head; third joint very
minute. Abdomen extending for one-third or one-half of its length
beyond the hind wings. Legs stout, femora and tibie densely
pilose ; hind tibize with four rather long spurs. Wings somewhat
long, rather narrow or moderately broad. Fore wings nearly
straight in front, rounded at the tips, very oblique and slightly
denticulated along the exterior border; interior angle very oblique;
interior border tufted in the middle; discal areolet intersected by
a secondary forked vein; three inferior veins, second thrice farther
from the third than from the first. Male. Antenne moderately
pectinated. Memale. Antenne simple.

1. N. angulosa Sm. Abb. Figured in Smith & Abbot, pl. 83.

Male. Crested; primaries fawn-color, with black flexuous lines
and streaks, back porrect; secondaries whitish. female. Prima-
ries fawn-color, with white spots and three luteous bands; second-
aries pale testaceous, with a fuscous subapical costal spot.

Georgia.

C. B. M.

2. N. basistriens Walk. C. B. M. 1000. ‘

Male. Cinereous, hoary beneath. Head, thorax, and fore wings
partly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis testaceous. Antenne
tawny.. Thorax with a slender black band between the fore wings.
Abdomen slightly testaceous. Fore wing, with a testaceous patch,
whic& occupies the basal third part of the wing, is bordered with
black and has a brownish disk; the adjoining part of the wing has
a whitish tinge, which is widest in front, and beyond it is a slender
undulating oblique brown band, which is obsolete towards the
costa; the wings beyond are indistinctly mottled. Hind wings
whitish for about two-thirds from the base, with a slight discal un-
dulating grayish band, which corresponds to the band of the fore
wings. Length of the body 8 lines; of the wings 19 lines.

New York.
Cc. B. M.

240 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

_ The following are placed by Walker in Doubleday’s genus He-
terocampa, which differs from Motodonta in the deeper pectination
of the antenne of the males, in the dilation of the fore tibie, and
in the more slender legs.

1. H. astarte Doubleday, C. B. M. 1023. Figured in the Entomologist, 57,
ply fs 2

Primaries ash-green, with ferruginous transverse streaks and
central crescent ; apex with a white lunate spot.
East Florida.

2. H. umbrata Walk. C. B. M. 1023. -

Ferruginous. Thorax with a black band in front. Fore wings
with several indistinct transverse slightly oblique undulating black-
ish lines. Hind wings hoary, grayish along the border, and with
. a slight discal curved grayish band. Length of the body 9 lines;
of the wings 20 lines.

East Florida.

3. H. varia Walk. C. B. M. 1023.

Female. Cinereous. Thorax with blackish marks, Fore wings
with some whitish marks along the costa, with a costal subapical
short oblique whitish band, and with three discal whitish spots ;
five irregular undulating black double bands. Hind wings pale
gray, with broad brown borders. . Length of the border 10 lines;
of the wings 24.

New York.
Cc. B. M.
4. H. manteo Walk. C. B. M. 1029.

Primaries fascous-cinereous, with numerous transverse fies ob-
scure streaks, a marginal series of black points, a central white
line, in which there is a geminate black point.

New York.

C. B. M.

5. H. biundata Walk. C. B. M. 1025.

Male. Cinereous. Head, thorax, and fore wings slightly tinged
with green. Pectus, abdomen beneath, and legs, whitish. Fore
wings with some blackish marks at the base, and with a double

EDEMA. 241

undulating blackish band at one-fourth of the length; two slight
oblique and undulating brown bands beyond the middle, and to-
wards the exterior border a more oblique and undulating band of
blackish spots; under side grayish, whitish about the borders.
Hind wings brownish, whitish towards the base and beneath.
Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 20. bs
- New York.

Watxer, C. B. M.
6. H. ipomaeae Doubleday, Entomologist, 60. ’

Primaries fusco-ferruginous, sprinkled with cinereous, an indis-
tinct middle band, a stigma pupilled with ashy-ferruginous, veins
towards the apex black.

Florida.
WALKER, C. B. M.

EDEMA WALE.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis short. Palpi slender, pubes-
cent, extending beyond the head; second joint more than twice the
length of the first; third lanceolate, nearly half the length of the
second. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs
slender; hind tibise with four long apical spurs. Wings mode-
rately broad. Fore wings straight along the costa, almost angular
at the tips; exterior border oblique and slightly convex; three in-
ferior veins; first and second contiguous at the base; third remote.
Vale. Palpi ascending. Antenne minutely pectinated.to beyond
five-sixths of the length, more than half the length of the body.
Female. Palpi porrect, shorter than those of the male. Antenne
simple, less than half the length of the body.

1. BE. unicornis Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. II, pl. 83.

Anteriors, light brown, variegated with patches of greenish-
white and with wavy dark brown lines, two of which inclose a small
whitish space near the shoulders; there is a short blackish mark
near the middle; the tip and outer hind margin are whitish, tinged
with red in the males; and near the outer hind angle there are one
small spot and two black dashes; posterior wings of the male are
dirty white, with a dusky spot on the inner hind angle; those of
the female are sometimes entirely dusky; body brownish—two

249 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

narrow black bands across the forepart of the thorax. Wings ex-
pand one and a quarter to one and a half inches.

Larva. The top of the fourth ring rises in the form of a long
horn, sloping forwards a little; the tail, with the hindmost feet,
which are rather longer than the others, is always raised when the
larva is at rest, but it generally uses these legs in walking; head
large, brown; sides of the second and third ring, green; rest of the
body brown, Wortbated with white on the back—a few enone hairs
hardly visible.

United States.
Hargis.

2. E. concinna Sm. Abbott. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 85.

Color, light brown; forewings dark brown along the inner mar-
gin are more or less tinged with gray before; a dark brown dot
near the middle, a spet of the same color near each angle, a very
small triangular whitish spot near the shoulders, and several dark
brown longitudinal streaks on the outer hind margin; the hind
wings of the male are brownish or dirty white, with a brown spot
on the inner hind angle; those of the female are dusky brown;
body light brown, with the thorax rather darker. Expands from
one to one and three-eighth inch.

Larva. Yellowish brown, paler on the sides, striped with
slender black lines; head red; on the top of the fourth ring there
is a hump, also red; along the back, several short black prickles ;
hinder extremity tapering, and is always elevated at an angle with
the rest of the body, when not crawling. |

United States.

HARRIS,
3. EH. albifrons Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 80.

Male. Hoary. Palpi brown above. Thorax with a tawny band
near the fore border. Forewings with various small brown marks,
white along the costa for half the length from the tips; the outline
of. this white part is very irregular, and the adjoining part of the
wing behind it is dark brown; a row of short undulating blackish
streaks along the exterior border. Length of the body six lines,
of the wings fifteen lines.

Female. Cinereous. Fore wings thinly covered with black
flecks; a brown zigzag band at a little before one-third of the
length, and extending from the costa to rather beyond half the
breadth of the wing; a large white patch on the fore half of the

ICHTHYURA. 943

breadth of the wing between the first band and a second, which is
brown, oblique, complete and slightly undulating; beyond the
latter there are two slight whitish oblique bands, the first incom-
plete, the second marginal and intersected by a blackish band.
Hind wings pale brown, partially and very thinly flecked with
brown, with a brown discal spot, and with a brown oblique slightly
undulating band, which is composed of flecks, and corresponds to
the second brown band of the fore wings. Length seven lines—
wings twenty lines.
United States.
. WALKER, C. B. M.

4, E. producta Walk. C. B. M. 1031.

Male and Female. Cinereous. FPalpi above blackish-brown.
Antenne brown. Thorax with two brown bands. Legs whitish;
fore legs above blackish-brown. Fore wings slightly mottled with
brown, and with two irregular black slender bands; the first emit-
ting a branch from its middle towards the base of the wing; the
second emitting two branches to the fore part of the exterior bor-
der; a white apical spot, a whitish spot at the base and some black
streaks along the exterior border. Hind wings brown, with a
whitish fringe; under side whitish, with two or three bands of
brown dots. Length of the body 5—6 lines; of the wings 11—12
lines.

. Kast Florida.
CBM:

ICHTHYURA Hiisy. Pygaera Ochs. Clostera Hoffmansegg.

Body moderately stout. Proboscis very short. Palpi short,
porrect, not extending as far as the head; third joint, small, coni-
cal. Antennee less than half the length of the body. Abdomen
extending for about one-third of its length beyond the hind wings,
tufted at the tip. Legs stout; fore tibize very densely pilose;
hind tibie with small apical spurs. Wings moderately broad.
Fore wings straight along the costa, rounded at the tips, slightly
oblique along the exterior border; interior angle much rounded ;
discal areolet intersected by a secondary vein; three inferior veins,

“second nearly contiguous to the first, rather remote from the third.
Male. Antenne rather deeply pectinated. emale. Antenne mi-
nutely pectinated.

244 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. I. inclusa Hiibner. J. anastomosis Sm. Abb. J. americana Har.

Antenne pectinated in both sexes; the thorax has an elevated
crest in the middle; tail tufted and turned up at the end in the
males; the fore legs thickly covered with hairs to the end, and are
stretched out before the body when at rest; color brownish-gray ;
fore wings faintly tinged with pale lilac, and more or less clouded
with rust-red; they have an irregular row of blackish dots near
the outer hind margin, and are crossed by three whitish lines, of
which the first nearest the shoulders is broken and widely separated
in the middle; the second divides into two branches, one of which
goes straight across the wing to the inner margin, and the other
passes obliquely till it meets the end of the third line, with which
it forms an angle or letter V ; across the middle of the hind wings
there is a narrow brownish band, much more distinct beneath than
above; on the top of the thorax there is an oblong chestnut-
colored spot, the hairs of which rise upwards behind and form a
erest. All the whitish lines on the fore wings are more or less
bounded externally with rust-red.. It expands from one inch and

one quarter to one inch and five-eighths.
WALKER.

2. I. albosigma Fitch. Fifth Report, p. 64.

Grayish-brown ; fore wings crossed by three faint paler streaks,
the two first parallel, the hind one with its outer half silvery white
and strongly waved in the shape of the letter S; width 1.50.

United States.

Fitca.

3. I. vau Fitch. Fifth Report, p. 65.

Similar to ¢nelusa, but darker colored and smaller, with the
bands more slender and distinct, and may be readily distinguished
from that species by its having the first band not dislocated but in
its middle strongly curved backwards, the apex of the curve usually
forming an acute point. The last band also is much more strongly
undulated near its outer end, curving backwards almost in a semi-
circle, and is of a much more vivid white color and broadly bor-
dered on its hind side with bright rust-red. Its hind wings also
are destitute of the paler band across their middle width about
1.20.

United States.

Fitcu.

EUDRYAS. 945

EUDRYAS Hiisy.

Wing structure similar to that of the Noctuina. In the hind
wings the costal and subcostal veins do not run adjacent and parallel
to each other, as is usual amongst the genera of the family, but arise
from a short, common stalk. In the fore wings the structure is
precisely that of the Noctuina, showing the secondary or subcostal
cell, and the subdivision of the nervules characteristic of this group.

The head is smooth, rather short, with ocelli. The antenne
setaceous, minutely ciliated. The labial palpi slightly ascending,
but little exceeding the clypeus, smooth, rather thick; middle and
basal joints nearly equal, the terminal minute and ovoid. Tongue
rather slender, and about as long as the anterior coxe.

Thorax and basal segment of the abdomen tufted. Breast
woolly. Abdomen smooth. Legs tufted; fore legs especially,
which have a large globose tarsal tuft, one on the tibie and one
on the cox. In repose, the fore legs are held in advance.

1. BE. grata Fab. Ent. Syst. III, 457.

Fore wings pure white, with a broad stripe along the front edge,
extending from the shoulder a little beyond the middle of the edge
and a broad band around the outer hind margin, of a deep purple
brown color; the band is edged internally with olive green and
marked towards the edge with a slender wavy white line; near the
middle of the wing and touching the brown stripe, are two brown
spots, one of them round and the other kidney-shaped; and on the
middle of the inner margin there is a large triangular olive-colored
spot; the under side of the same wings is yellow, and near the
middle there is a round and kidney-shaped black spot. The hind
wings are yellow above and beneath; on the upper side with a
broad purple-brown hind border, on which there is a little wavy
white line, and on the under side with only a central black dot.
Head black. Along the middle of the thorax, a broad stripe of
black and pearl-colored glittering scales. Shoulder covers white.
Upper side of the abdomen is yellow, with a row of black spots on
the top, and another on each side; under side and the large muff-
like tufts on the fore legs, are white ; other legs, black.

246 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. -

Larva, Blue, transversely banded with deep orange across the
middle of each ring; bands dotted with black; head and feet
orange; top of the 11th ring somewhat bulging, and the forepart
of the body hunched up when at rest. Feeds on the grape.

United States.
HARRIS.

2. HE. unio Hiibner.

Smaller than Z. grata; differs in having the stripe and band on
its fore wings of a brighter purple brown color, the round and
kidney-shaped spots contiguous to the former also brown, the
olive-colored edging of the band wavy with a powdered blue spot:
between it and the triangular olive-colored spot on the inner
margin, and a distinct brown spot on the inner hind angle of the
posterior wings; all the wings beneath are broadly bordered behind
with light brown, and the spots upon them are also light brown.

United States.

HARRIS.

DATANA WALK.

Body rather stout, pilose; hairs rather smooth. Proboscis short,
not exceeding the breadth of the head. Palpi short, porrect, not
extending beyond the head; second joint very much longer than
the first; third acute, very minute. Thorax somewhat convex.
Abdomen extending for one-fourth of its length beyond the hind
wings. Legs stout, pilose; hind tibie with four rather long spurs.
Wings broad or rather broad. Fore wings nearly straight along
the costa, hardly angular at the tips; exterior border more or less
oblique; three inferior veins; first and second united at the base ;
third rather remote. Male. Antenne minutely pectinated ; the
branches successively but very slightly decreasing in length.
Female. Antenne minutely serrated.

1. D. ministra Drury. Figured in Drury, pl. 14. Sm. Abb. pl. 81.

Luteous-tawny. Thorax rather darker towards the hind part,
which is pale testaceous. Pectus, abdomen and legs pale testa-
ceous. Fore wings tawny, with four slender ferruginous bands;
first band at one-fourth of the length, curved outward; second,

DATANA. Q47

third and fourth bands oblique; second curved backward towards
the costa, beyond the distal spot or spots, the space between it
and the first a little darker than tle wing elsewhere; third and
fourth bands very slightly undulating; a more or less distinct
streak between them, very near to the fourth; under side without
bands. Hind wings a little paler than the fore wings; under side
pale testaceous. Male. Fore wings with one discal brown spot.
Female. Fore wings with two discal brown spots, the outer one
larger than the other. Length of the body 10 lines; of the wings
26—27 lines.

United States.
WALKER.

2. D. contracta Walk. C.B.M. 1062.

_ Much resembling the preceding species, but with narrower fore
wings. Luteous-tawny. Thorax brown towards the hind part,
which is whitish testaceous. Pectus, abdomen and legs testaceous.
Fore wings tawny, whitish testaceous about the base and along the
outer side of the second, third and fourth bands; four slender brown
bands; first much like that in D. ministra, but rather less convex;
second more oblique, more retracted towards the costa, and nearer
the first on the hind border; third and fourth also rather more
oblique than in the preceding species ; cilia brownish. Hind wings
whitish, with testaceous borders. Length of the body 7 lines; of
the wings 19 lines.

North America.
WALKER.

3. D.? anguina Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 84.

Female. Pale luteous; thorax cinereous; abdomen and secon-
daries fawn color; primaries subferruginous, spotted with black ;
band and exterior margin whitish, base pale luteous.

Georgia.
Sm. Abb.

4. D.? aurora Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 87.

- Yellow; thorax rosy before; abdomen rosy at the apex; prima- —
ries rosy at the base and margin; secondaries of the male rosy, of
the female white.

Georgia.
Sm. Abb.

248. LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

NADATA WALKER.

Body moderately stout, pildse ; hairs rather smooth. Proboscis
distinct, shorter than the breadth of the head. Palpi porrect,
rather slender, not extending beyond the head; second joint full
twice the length of the first ; third minute conical. Thorax highly
crested; the crest terminating in an acute cone. Legs rather
slender, pilose; hind tibize with four long spurs. Wings rather
broad. Fore wings with slight undulations along the exterior
border, slightly acute at the tips; three inferior veins; first and
second connected at the base; third rather remote. Male. An-
tenn moderately pectinated, more than half the length of the
body. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind wings. Fore
wings almost straight along the costa, exterior border less oblique
than in the female. emale. Third joint of the palpi more acute
than in the male. Antenne simple, hardly more than half the
length of the body. Abdomen extending for one-fourth of its
length beyond the hind wings. Fore wings slightly convex along
the costa.

1. N. gibbosa Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 82.

Tawny, whitish testaceous beneath. Fore wings very minutely
covered with ferruginous flecks; a slightly oblique ferruginous
band at one-third of the length, and another more oblique, at a
little beyond two-thirds of the length; the outer border of the
latter is more or less paler than the rest of the wing; two white
discal dots, one behind the other, exterior border with whitish
marks. Hind wings testaceous, whitish towards the costa, and
with a slender indistinct tawny somewhat undulating discal band ;
exterior margin slightly tawny. Length of the body 7$—10 lines;
of the wings 20—24 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

Fam. ARCTIIDAE Herr.-Sonarr. Chelonides Boisd.

Stature robust; ocelli conspicuous; maxilla short sub-
membranaceous, sometimes obsolete. Antennz moderate,

ORGYA. 249

of the female, when not nearly obsolete, bipectinate or
ciliate, sometimes serrate or simple. Palpi small, pilose,
often triarticulate. Abdomen stout, maculate. Wings en-
tire, deflexed, variegated in color. Frenulum conspicuous.
Larve with coarse hairs, growing in clusters or tufts from
the tubercles in transverse rows on the body.

ORGYA Ocus.

Male. Body slender. Proboscis very short. Palpi short, stout,
very hairy; third joint very small. Antenne very deeply pecti-
nated. Legs slender; hind tibiz with two rather short apical
spurs, or with four moderately long spurs. Wings-broad. Fore
wings with the first, second and third inferior veins near together.
Hind wings extending beyond the abdomen.

1. O. leucostigma Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 79.

The males have large ashen-gray wings, crossed by wavy darker
bands on the upper pair, on which, moreover, is a small black spot
near the tip, and a minute white crescent near the outer hind angle.
The body of the male is small and slender, with a row of little tufts
along the back, and the wings expand one inch and three-eighths.
The females are of a lighter gray color than the males, their bodies
are very thick, and of an oblong oval shape, and, though seemingly
wingless, upon close examination two little scales, or stinted wing-
lets, can be discovered on each shoulder.

Larva of a bright yellow color, sparingly clothed with long and
fine yellow hairs on the sides of the body, and having four short
and thick brush-like yellowish tufts on the back, that is on the
fourth and three following rings, two long black plumes or pencils
extending forwards from the first ring, and a single plume on top
of the eleventh ring. The head, and the two little retractile warts
on the ninth and tenth rings are coral red; there is a narrow black
or brownish stripe along the top of the back, and a wider dusky
stripe on each side of the body.

United States.
HARRIS.

2. O. antiqua Linn. Figured in most European works.

The male is of a rust-brown color, the fore wings are crossed
by two deeper brown wavy streaks, and have a white crescent near

250 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the hind afigle. They expand about one inch and one-eighth.
The female is gray, and wingless, or with only two minute scales
on each side in the place of wings, and exactly resembles in shape
the female of the foregoing species. The darva is yellow on the
back, on which are four short square brush-like yellow tufts; the
sides are dusky and spotted with red; there are two long black
pencils or plumes on the first ring, one on each side of the fifth
ring, and one on top of the eleventh ring; the head is black; and
the retractile warts on top of the ninth and tenth rings are red.
United States and Europe.

HARRIS.

3. O. leucographa Walk. C. B.M.

Male. Obscurely fuscous; primaries paler, with a sub-basal
streak, a costal ante-apical spot, two bands, the first wide before
the middle, the second arcuate dark fuscous, and a white posterior
spot. Memale. Apterous. ¢

Georgia.
WALKER.

4, O. vetusta Boisd. Am. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 322.

Primaries fuscous, a paler band at the base and a white anal
spot; secondaries fusco-rufescent.

California.
Boisp.

APANTESIS WALKER.

Female. Body fusiform, clothed with close smooth hairs. Head
small. Head and thorax clothed with short hairs, lying close and
smooth. Proboscis short. Palpi hairy, porrect; third joint coni-
cal, small. Antenne minutely pectinated. Abdomen with very
short hairs, extending to one-third of its length beyond the hind
wings. Fore wings narrow, subfusiform, slightly convex along
the costa; outer border slightly oblique and cofvex; hind angle
very obtuse and much rounded; first, second and third inferior
veins very near together at the base; fourth twice further from the
third than the third from the first. Hind wings rather broader
than the fore wings and hardly two-thirds of the length. Legs
moderately stout; hind tibiee with four spurs of middling length.

DEIOPEIA. 251

| 1. A. radians Walk. C.-B. M. 632.

Female. Dark brown. Head clothed above with luteous hairs.
Proboscis testaceous.~ Antenne black. Thorax in front luteous
with two brown stripes; middle part with two luteous stripes.
Abdomen above testaceous towards the base and with two luteous
stripes. Fore wings with testaceous borders, excepting the apical
third part of the costal margin ; a discal testaceous streak, extend-
ing from the base along one-fourth of the length of the wing, forked

_at its tip. Hind wings red towards the base; the outline of the
red part very angular. Fore femora with a luteous spot on each.
Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

Georgia.

WALKER.

DEIOPHIA Corr. Eyprepia Ochs. Euchelia Boisd.

Palpi elongate, above recurved subsquamous; first article stout,
second long; third short, ovate. Maxille much longer than the
head. Antenne simple in both sexes, rather short, those of the
male subpilose below. Primaries oblong, subelliptic, truncated ;
secondaries subdiaphanous, strongly plicate. Legs moderate ;
tibie very short, hind tibiee with four spurs at the apex.

1. D. bella Zinn. Figured in Cram. Pop. Exot. II, 20,109. Drury I, pl.
24, Nat. Lib. vol. XXXVII, pl. 24.

Primaries fine yellow, traversed with several irregular white
bands, with a series of black dots in each and a regular row of
black dots on the outer margin; fringe pure white. Secondaries
scarlet, irregularly margined with black behind; fringe white,
thorax nearly white, spotted with black; abdomen whitish; an-
tenne black, naked, setaceous.

Expands from an inch and a half to an inch and three-quarters.

United States.

HaAgais.
‘2. D. aurea Fitch.

Fore wings bright marjgold yellow, with four bands of round
pale sulphur-yellow spots upon a brilliant steel blue ground, the
hindmost band almost upon the apex, its outer half abruptly
widened and slightly united with the third band, which is the
broadest and towards its outer end is abruptly narrowed and

252, LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

almost interrupted. Its hind wings are transparent, with a dusky
margin and blackish veins. Width one inch.

Georgia.
FitcH.

Fam. LITHOSIIDAE Srepa. Lithosina Her.-Schaef.

Body slender, elongate, no ocelli. Proboscis often longer
than the head. Palpi not extending beyond the head, cylin-
drical, third article shorter than the second or not longer.
Antennz usually ciliate or simple. Thorax not. crested.
Abdomen not extending beyond the wings or very little.
Wings often subelliptical; primaries narrow, with rounded
apex; secondaries often twice as wide as the primaries.
Frenulum conspicuous. Color yellow or gray, seldom black,
sometimes with cross bands or rows of black points, occa-
sionally confluent. In repose, the primaries are plicate; the
secondaries folded close to the abdomen. JLarve herbivo-
rous, usually with hairy tubercles. Pupe very short, with
segments immovable.

EUSTIXIA WALKER.

Male. Body moderately long and wide. Palpi short. Antenne
setaceous, simple. Abdomen extending a little beyond the secon-
daries. Feet slender; wings not long; primaries nearly straight
on the costal edge, oblique at the apical margin, the posterior
angle subrotund. |

1. EB. pupula Hiidner.

Male. Brownish-black, below whitish; wings whitish; prima-
ries with four bands, secondaries with two, composed of black
spots. - :

United States.

WALKER, C. B. M.
EUBOPHE Hovsner.

Male. Body slender. Palpi short. Antenne slender, setaceous,
simple, a little shorter than the body. Abdomen extending a
little beyond the secondaries. Feet slender. Wings narrow,

MIOZA. 253

rather long; primaries oblique at the apical margin; secondaries
rounded, not angulate.

l. BE. aurantiaca Hiibner.

Orange; secondaries paler towards the base.
United States.

Hiusy.

MIOZA WALKER.

_ Body slender, rather short. Palpi straight, slender, a little
shorter than the head ; third joint linear, conical at the tip, a little
shorter than the second. Antenne slender, setaceous, very mi-
nutely pubescent. Abdomen extending as far as or a little beyond
the hind wings. Legs slender; hind tibie with four long spurs.
Wings long, narrow. Fore wings very slightly convex in front,
conical at the tips, with a somewhat rounded angle behind; the
three inferior veins approximate at the base. Hind wings with
four inferior veins; third approximate at the base, fourth remote.

1. M. igninix Walk.

Pale red or saffron-color. Head white above, pale red on the
vertex. Palpi with black tips. Antenne black. Thorax white,
with six black spots, one on the disk, two on each side, and one
on the scutellum. Fore tibie and fore tarsi brown. Fore wings
above white with black streaks on one-third of the breadth from
the costa and on one-third of the length from the tips; in the rest
of the wing there are five elongated black spots, two before the
middle and three beyond the middle. Length of the body 3—3}
lines; of the wings 10—11 lines.

St. John’s Bluff, H. Florida.
Watxer, C. B. M.

2. M. subfervens Walk.

Male. Pale red or saffron-color. Head and thorax white above.
Antenne white towards the base. Fore wings white above with
many elongate brown points, and with two oblique bands of brown
dots, one at one-fourth of the length, the other before two-thirds
of the length. Length of the body 3 lines; of the wings 10 lines.

United States.
WALKER, C. B. M.

254 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. M.? pupula Hiibner.

Orange; thorax white; primaries above marked with black,
pale green, subroseous towards the apex.

United States.
WatxerR, C. B. M.

PITANE WALKER.

Male. Body linear, moderately long and stout. Palpi pilose,
very short; third joint very small. Antenne moderately deeply
pectinated, little more than half the length of the body. Abdo-
men not extending beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout ;
hind tibize with four long spurs. Wings moderately broad, not
long; fore wings straight along the costa, slightly oblique at the
tips; hind angle somewhat rounded.

1. P.? mediastina Hiibner.

Male. Black; disk of the thorax and abdomen at the end, lute-
ous; primaries with a clavate postmedian band and seven white
bands; secondaries luteous with a band and margins black.

Georgia.

WALKER, C. M. M.

CISTHENE WALKER.

Male. Body rather short, moderately stout. Palpi much shorter
than the head; third joint conical, acuminated, less than half the
length of the second. Antenne stout, setose, setaceous, rather
more than half the length of the body. Abdomen not extending
so far as the hind wings; tip forcipated. Legs moderately stout; ©
hind tibie with four rather long spurs. Wings moderately broad,
not long. Fore wings very slightly convex in front, oblique at
the tips, rounded and not angular behind ; third inferior vein full
twice further from the second than the second from the first;
fourth nearly twice further from the third than the third from the

second.

1. C. subjecta Walk.

Rose-color. Head black, rosy about the eyes. Palpi and an-
tennee’ black. Proboscis testaceous. Thorax with a black disk.

CROCOTA, 255

Legs mostly whitish, partly brown. Fore wings aeneous gray,
with a fusiform rosy streak beyond the middle of the costa, and
with a rosy discal stripe along more than half the length from the
base, dilated and joining the hind border at each end. Apical
third part of the hind wings aeneous gray. Length of the body
4-24 lines; of the wings 7—8 lines. |

Var. a. Costal streak of primaries wanting, discal stripe ap-
pearing only at its tip.

Var. 6. Discal stripe of primaries replaced by a slender streak,
which extends along the hind border and is slightly dilated at the
tip.

United States.

WALKER.

. CROCOTA Huser.

Male and Female. Body moderately stout, not long. Palpi
stout, porrect, pubescent, as long as the head; third joint slender,
acuminated, not half the length of the second. Antenne setaceous,
slightly setose, rather stout, hardly or not more than half the
length of the body. Abdomen not extending so far as the hind
wings. Legs rather slender; hind tibie with four long spurs.
Wings rather broad, not long. Primaries very slightly convex in
front, slightly angular at the tips, oblique along the apical border,
‘indistinctly angular behind; first, second and third inferior veins
approximate at the base; fourth remote from the third.

1. C. ferruginosa Walk.

Ferruginous, paler beneath. Abdomen pale ferruginous, with a
row of dorsal black dots. Secondaries pale ferruginous, with a
blackish dot in the disk and two or three blackish spots along the
border. Length of the body 35—4 lines; of the wings 10—11
lines.

Hudson’s Bay.

WALKER.
2. C. brevicornis Walk.
Fawn color, or luteous fawn color. Antenne black, short.

Abdomen rose-color. Primaries rosy beneath. Secondaries rose-
color, with an indistinct and sometimes quite obsolete brown stripe

256 : LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

on the hind border, and a brown dot in the disk. Length of the
body 23—34 lines; of the wings 8—10 lines.

United States.
WALKER.

3. C. rubicundaria Hiibner.

Fulvous; wings sometimes with a discal fuscous spot; seeonda-
ries rufous, margined with black.

Var. a. Primaries tawny, with a slight brown dot in the disk.
Secondaries red with a Dlack discal spot and a broad black hind.
border.

Var. b. Secondaries partly red on the hind border.

Var. ce. All the wings without discal ae

Massachusetts.
WALKER.

GNOPBHRIA Srtere. Setina Schr. Atolmis Hiibner.

Palpi moderate, recurved, subsquamous; maxille as long as the
antenne; antenne simple; of the male, setaceous. Primaries
narrow, of nearly equal breadth; secondaries opaque. Feet short,
rather robust; tibize short, robust, hind tibize with four spurs.

1. G. vittata Harris. Lithosia miniata Kirby.

Deep scarlet; primaries with two broad stripes and a short
stripe between them at the tip, of a lead color; secondaries with
a very broad lead-colored border behind; the middle of the abdo-
men aud joints of the legs of the same color.

Larva feeds on lichens, and may be found under loose stones in
the fields in the spring. It is dusky and thinly covered with stiff,
sharp, and barbed black bristles, which grow singly from small
warts. Harly in May it makes its cocoon, which is very thin and

silky, and twenty days afterwards is transformed to a moth.
HARRIS.

DASYCHIRA Srerx. Orgyia Ochs.

Body generally stout. Palpi porrect, pilose, extending very
little beyond the head; first joint short; third slender. Abdomen
not or hardly extending beyond the hind wings. Legs stout; fore
legs with very long hairs; hind tibisee with four moderately long

LAGOA. 957

spurs. Wings moderately broad, generally rather long. Fore
wings slightly convex along the costa, hardly angular at the tips,
oblique along the exterior border; interior angle more or less
rounded; first and second inferior veins nearly contiguous. An-
tenne of the male deeply pectinated; of the female, minutely.
Female winged.

1. D. achatina Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 77.

_ Crested; primaries cinereous, with a white streak before, inter-
sected behind with a black are terminating in an angular white
point.

Georgia.

WALKER.

2. D. rossii Curtis.

Transparent gray. Fore wings with two blackish waved lines,
forming a fascia across the middle, with a spot between them and
a sinuated, abbreviated band beyond them. Hind wings cream-
color, ochreous along the hind border, with a broad blackish
margin.

Arctic America
WALKER.

LAGOA WALKER.

Male. Body stout, short, very pilose. Proboscis obsolete.
Palpi very short. Antenne deeply pectinated, rather less than
half the length of the body. Abdomen extending a little beyond
the hind wings. Legs stout, thickly clothed with long hairs; hind
tibiee with short apical spurs. Fore wings moderately broad, not
long, straight along the costa, rounded at the tips; second infe-
rior vein as far from the first as from the third; fourth proceeding

from the base of the wing.

l. L. opercularis Sm. Abd. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 53.

Male. Pale luteous. Head whitish on the vertex, brown in
front. Antenne white; branches brown, with white tips. <Ab-
domen and hind wings testaceous. Legs partly clothed with

17 ;

248 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

whitish hairs; tarsi black. Fore wings woolly, especially towards
the base. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 13 lines.

Georgia.
WALKER.

2. L. pyxidifera Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 54.

Testaceous; primaries with some fuscous and black flexuous
discal streaks.

Georgia.
WALKER.

APPENDIX.

By BRECKENRIDGE CLEMENS.

SPHINGINA (IN PART).
Fam. ZYGAENIDAE.

The present family, together with Glaucopididae, Aigeriidae
and Sphingidae, form the great group known as Sphingina.
Lithosides forms another group of families, and should precede
the family Arctiudae.

I am convinced that the limit of the family under consi-
deration is much more restricted than is usually represented.
It is made to include a variety of incongruent forms, which
it is extremely difficult to unite under a common and satis-
factory definition. And hence it may be, that the diagnoses
to which I have had access are indefinite, and that the cha-
racters drawn from the most important parts of structure are
modified by numerous exceptions. ‘The family is therefore
restricted here to two genera, one of which displays some of
the characters of the succeeding family group.

In the fore wings the subcostal vein at its posterior end
is curved downward so as to form, in connection with the
median vein, a fusiform disk, and gives rise to five nervules,
two of which run to the costa, one to the tip, and two to the hind
margin beneath the tip. In Zygaena, the subcostal vein is not
attenuated at the posterior end giving rise to the two lower.
nervules, but in Procris? (Clem.) it is attenuated from the
third subcostal branch. The discal vein is short, angulated
and rather attenuated, and receives the discal fold at its
angle. The median vein is 4-branched and curves upward
from the origin of the posterior branch. The fold of the
wing is thickened and the submedian is simple.

In the hind wings the subcostal branch is bifid, the lower
branch being angulated ut its base, and from the angle arises
an angulated, more or less oblique discal vein which receives
the discal fold. The median vein is 4-branched and curves
upward from the posterior branch. Procris? (Clem.) is with-

260 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

out a costal vein, and Zygaena has a costal vein bifid at the
base, and is connected with the subcostal by an intercostal
branch.

* The antennze are fusiform, sometimes pectinated, with
branches shorter in the 2 than in the g. The palpi are
short, cylindrical and hairy, or very short, almost rudimental.
The tongue is as long as the thorax beneath or almost want-
ing. Flght of the zmago diurnal.

ZYGAENA Fasr.
Anthrocera Scop. Intr. Hist. Nat. I, 414; Steph.; Westw.

Fore wings rather narrow and elongated; their length exceeds
that of the body somewhat; the tip of the wing is rounded and
the hind margin obliquely rounded; the inner angle rounded and
nearly opposite the middle of the costa. The subcostal nervure,
or vein, and the median are adjacent in the basal third of the wing
and diverge thence to form a markedly fusiform disk placed above
the middle of the wing, and which reaches to the apical third.
There are five subcostal nervules, the first arising near the middle
of the disk, and the two others adjacent to each other at the pos-
terior-superior angle of the disk; the third nervule, viz., the apical,
is. bifid from its middle, and from its origin the subcostal curves
downward throwing off two nervules to the hind margin. The
discal vein is short and angulated, and receives the discal fold.
The median nervure is 4-branched, and curves upward from the
medio-posterior branch, which arises at a point about midway be-
tween the first and second subcostal branches, to join the discal at
the angle which receives the discal fold. The fold of the wing is
thickened, and the submedian nervure is simple.

The hind wings are somewhat more than one-half the length of
the fore wings; irregularly ovate, dilated at the inner angle. The
disk is broad, irregularly fusiform, and extends to the apical third
of the wing. The costal nervure is bifid at the base of the wing,
and is connected with the subcostal at its middle by a mznute
intercostal branch ; from this point the subcostal departs obliquely
_ and divides into two branches at the end of the disk, the lower one
being angulated. An oblique angulated discal nervure at the
angle of the lower branch, receives the diseal fold. The median is
4-branched, curving upward to join the discal from the origin of
the posterior nervule.

PROCRIS. 261
@

Fore wings marked with spots or blotches.

Head and face pilose; without ocelli. Hyes rather large, round.
Antenne claviform, one-third less long than the fore wings, the
tip without hairs or seta. Palpi short, scarcely ascending beyond
the front, cylindrico-conical, pilose beneath, acute. ‘Tongue cor-
neous, and about as long as the thorax beneath.

Body moderately stout, hairy; the fore wings when closed ex-
tending beyond the tip of the abdomen. Legs slender; tarsi
roughened with spines. The fore tibize with a rather long inter-
nal spine; the tibiz of the posterior legs with four very small
spines.

Larva fat, contracted, subcylindrical, slightly pubescent. Pupa
inclosed in a tough cocoon, pointed at both ends. The larve feed
exclusively on papilionaceous plants.

1, Z. onobrychis Fabr. Walker 96-7. Var. 1.

Fore wings shining blue, with six yellow spots margined with
white, the posterior one red and semilunar. Hind wings yellow.

Georgia.
WALKER.

PROCRIS? Fasr.

Fore wings somewhat fusiform. The subcostal vein with two
distinct, rather long marginal nervules, with apical vein sdmple,
with two disco-central nervules. The median 4-branched, the
medio-posterior opposite the first marginal nervule and the two
upper branches on the line of the discal vein, which is straight.
The fold of the wing is thickened from the base to the tip. Sub-
median simple. Hind wings not as broad as the fore wings at
their broadest part, ovate. The subcostal vein is bifid, the lower
branch giving rise to a decided rather oblique discal vein, which is
angulated above the medio-superior nervule, where it receives the
discal fold. Median vein with four, equidistant nervules.

Head moderate, advanced, but without decided neck; with
rather large ocelli. Face moderate, oblique and projecting tuber-
eularly at the base of the antenne, and in the middle. Eyes small.
Antenne incrassated at the tip, as long as the thorax beneath, with

262 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rather deep pectinations in the dg, serrated or minutely pectinated
in the 9. Palpi rudimental, tubercular. Tongue rudimental.
Body rather thick, short. Patagia rather elevated, consisting
of two transverse plates rounded above, making the prothorax
more than ordinarily wide above. Abdomen ovate, without apical
tuft, less long than the thorax beneath. Legs short and slender ;
fore tibie unarmed; hind tibiz with two very minute apical spurs.

1. P.? smithsoniana Clemens. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1860, 540.

The entire insect is greenish-black ; immaculate.
Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. From the Smithsonian In-
stitution.

Fam. GLAUCOPIDIDAE.

Wings narrow, often limpid or with limpid spots. Fore
wings equal in length to that of the body. Hind wings
short, scarcely more than half as long as the fore wings,
rounded, rarely angulated. In the fore wings the subcostal
vein is only slightly arcuate from the base to the tip of the
wing and subdivides into five or six branches, the two first
of which, sometimes contiguous and sometimes separated,
run to the costa. The origin of the discal and subcosto-
inferior nervule is a common one, and the marginal nervules
arise contiguous to each other and interior to it, or one inte-
rior and the other exterior. After the origin of these, the
subcostal continues to the tip of the wing, and about midway
subdivides into an apical and post-apical branch, the former
of which is sometimes bifid at its tip. The median is 4-
branched and curves upward from the 2d (medio-inferior) ;
the 1st (medio-posterior) is separated at its origin from the
others, and is curved. The discal fold is distinct, and the
discal nervure extends nearly across the disk.

The hind wings are without the costal nervure. The sub-
costal is bifid, sometimes sending a nervule to the costa from
the disk. The median is usually likewise bifid, sometimes with
the lower branch forked near its end. In some genera, how-
ever, it is 8-branched. The discal vein is usually much
curved and oblique, usually without a nervule to the hind
margin, but sometimes with a medio-discal nervule, that is,
with one on the side of the median system.

GLAUCOPIS. 263

The antennze are pectinated. Palpi usually curved,
smooth and cylindrical. Tongue moderate, usually as long
as the thorax beneath.

Flight of the zmago diurnal.

«
TABLE OF GENERA.

Hind wings without a discal nervule;
Median vein of hind wings bifid;
Wings usually hyaline. GLAUCOPIS.
Median vein of hind wings trifid ;
Subcostal vein with a marginal branch, discal vein vertical.

ORMETICA.

Hind wings with a discal nervule;
Median vein of hind wings bifid. EvUCHROMIA.
Median vein 3-branched. CYANOPLEPLA.

GLAUCOPIS Fasr. "

Wings most frequently narrow, sometimes ample; hyaline or
limpid, with black borders or tips, and the veins covered with
scales.

In the fore wings the subcostal nervure subdivides into two
marginal nervules, a bifid apical branch and a post-apical branch ;
the subcosto-inferior branch is usually the only one proceeding from
the disk, when it arises at its posterior-superior angle. Sometimes,
however, the disk emits from four to six nervules(?). The median
nervure is 4-branched. Hind wings without costal nervure. The
subcostal is bifid from the disk, and the discal is without branches
to the hind margin.(?) The median is bifid or bifid with the lower
branch forked near its tip.

Head with ocelli, Antenne most frequently bipectinated.
Palpi moderate, generally ascending, usually longer than the
clypeus.

Body linear, most generally slender, subcylindrical and more or
less metallic. Patagia small. Legs with the tibia roughened
with spines.

This genus is of considerable extent, and its limits are very
undecided. I have only a single specimen belonging to it, and

264 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hence cannot venture on making a more definite diagnosis than
that given above. Systematists have divided it, however, into a
number of groups, some of which may prove hereafter to be true

genera, and the subdivision will assist the student in recognizing
.
individuals.

Group Isamthreme. .
Isanthrene Hiibner. Verz. Schmett. 125.

Body cylindrical. Palpi rather long; second joint rather short
and slender. Antenne slightly pectinated beneath, serrated near
the tips. Wings hyaline, more or less bordered with black, and
in some species with a black band on the base of the disk. Zhe
disk emits five veins, discal fold distinct along the whole length.
Abdomen linear. Legs rather stout ; median and apical spines of
the hind tibiz of moderate length. Especially distinguished by

the cylindrical abdomen.
WALKER.

1. G. chalciope Hiibner. Samml. Ex. Schmett. 23, 235, f. 469, 470.

Blue Antenne luteous. Abdomen with lateral white dots.
Wings limpid, margined with black. Fore wings with a black
band.

Havana.
WALKER.

Group Poecilosoma.

Poecilosoma Hiibner. V.S. 126.

Body stout, convex, cylindrical, partly metallic. Antenne
slender, minutely pectinated to the tips. Wings hyaline, metallic
at the base; fore wings with black tips; discal fold distinct.
Legs moderately stout; median and apical spurs of the hind tibice
very small.

WALEER.

1. G. multicincta Walker. C. B. M. 163.

Male. Dark brown, linear, cylindrical, partly covered with blue
scales. Head with some white hairs above and thickly clothed
with white hairs beneath. Palpi white beneath, straight, rather
short; third joint very small. Antenne black, moderately deeply

GLAUCOPIS. 265

pectinated. Thorax with two white bands in front, and with a
crimson stripe on each side of the wing; a few scattered blue
hairs. Breast with white hairs. Wings limpid, rather broad.
Fore wings with black tips and borders, on the latter some blue
scales; a black band across the end of the discal areolet where the
veinlets hardly form an angle; no trace of the discal fold. Bor-
ders of the hind wings mostly black. Abdomen with two crimson
spots at the base, and with a row of crimson spots along each side;
a slender white band on the hind border of each segment; under
side white, with short crimson and black bands along the apical
half, and with a tuft of crimson hairs at the tip. Legs brown,
mostly clothed with white; coxz blue beneath; fore tibiz with
long spines beneath; middle and apical spurs of the hind tibie
rather long. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines,

St. Domingo.
WALKER.

Group Laemocharis.
Laemocharis Boisd. Herr.-Schaeff. KErruca Walker. C.B.M. 165.

Body linear, cylindrical, rather slender. Palpi not rising to
the vertex; third joint slender, more than half the length of the
second. Antenne minutely pectinated. Wings moderate, limpid;
fore wings with black tips; discal fold distinct. Legs slender ;

hind tibize with four small spurs.
WALKER.

1. G. pertyi Boisd. Herr.-Schaeff. Lep. Ex. Nov. Ser. I, f. 249.

Black. Head with two white dots. Abdomen with four basal
luteous dots, and two lateral interrupted white stripes. Wings
limpid, margined narrowly with black.

Georgia.

WALKER.

Group Cosmosoma.

’Cosmosoma Hiibner. Harris, Descr. Cat. N. Amer. Sphing. 37.

Wings mostly hyaline. The subcostal vein of the fore wings
is adjacent to the external margin, with two subcosto-marginal
nervules, one from the disk arising at a point midway between the
origin of the medio-posterior branch and its penultimate, the other
exterior to the disk, midway between it and the origin of the post-

266 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

apical nervule. The apical branch beyond its middle sends off the
post-apical nervule, and near its tip an apical nervulet to the costa.
Median vein 4-branched. Hind wings about half as long as the
fore wings; without costal vein; subcostal bifid from the origin of
the discal vein, which is very obliquely inclined towards the base
of the wing and abruptly curved above the median, where it re-
ceives the discal fold. Median vein bifid exterior to the disk, with
the lower branch furcate at the tip.

Head moderate, smooth, neck not distinct; with ocelli. Face
smooth and vertical. Hyes moderately prominent. Antenne
rather more than half as long as the body, pectinated to the tips
in the ¢, less so in the 2. Palpi rather stout, curved, exceeding
the face, smooth, but hairy at the base; basal and middle joints
nearly equal; terminal small and conical. Tongue equal to the
thorax beneath.

Body scarcely equal in length to the fore wings, rather slender,
nearly linear. Patagia small. Legs moderately stout, smooth;
fore tibie with a moderate, concealed spur from the base; hind
tibize with four rather small spurs.

CLEMENS.

1. G. omphale Hiibner. £geria omphale Say, Am. Ent. II, pl. 19, lower fig.

Bright red. Antenne black, with white tips. Head blue.
Thorax most frequently striped with black. Abdomen with a
black dorsal stripe, and the tip black, varied with blue. Wings
margined with black and with black veins.

Florida; Mexico near Jalapa.

CLEMENS.

2. G.impar Walker. C. B. M. 169.

Black. Head bright blue in front. Thorax luteous, which hue
extends over the basal part of the borders of the wings; an inter-
rupted blue band in front of the thorax. Wings limpid; a black
stripe extending along the borders, and very broad at the tips of -
the fore wings; a large slightly curved black spot at the tip of the
disk. Abdomen luteous at the base, near which are two dorsal
blue spots; three rows of blue spots at the tip. Legs dark tes-
taceous. Length of body 7 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Mexico.
WALKER.

EUCHROMIA. 267

3. G. tyrrhene Hiibner. Ex. Schmett. 23, 242, f. 433-4.

Orange-colored. Head blue. Antenne black. Abdomen with
two blue stripes (interrupted in the 9), and the tip blue. Wings
limpid, with the base orange-colored, tip ferruginous. In the
male the fore wings have a discal orange-colored spot.

Jamaica.
WALKER.

Group Marissa.
Marissa Walker. C. B. M. 174.

Body short. Palpi rising above the head; third joint long,
linear, shorter than the second. Antenne of the male very broadly
pectinated. Wings ample, limpid, with black borders ; fore wings
aboutstwice the length of the hind wings, with the discal fold dis-
tinct. Legs slender; hind tibiz with four minute spurs.

1. G. columbina Fabr. Ennomia columbina Hiibn. Ex. Schmett. 8, 5,
a, 10.

Bright red. Antenne black. ‘The disk of the thorax black,
with a white line. Abdomen with a dorsal black stripe, with
transverse white lines. Wings limpid, margined with black; fore
wings with a spot near the disk and the tip red.

Jamaica.

WALKER.

BUCHROMIA Hopsner.

Wings more or less narrow and elongated, opaque or marked
with a few hyaline or limpid spots. The wing structure and out-
line of the fore wings are more markedly sphingiform than in the
genus Glaucopis. The subcostal vein gives rise to two marginal
branches from the hinder part of the disk to the post-apical branch
midway between the origin of the subcosto-inferior branch and the
tip of the wing; the subcosto-inferior and discal vein arise from
the subcostal at a common point. There is no disco-central branch.
The median is 4-branched, with the medio-posterior remote from
the other branches. ‘The submedian simple. The hind wings are
rather more than half as long as the fore wing; without costal
nervure; subcostal bifid from the origin of the discal, which is

obliquely curved towards the base of the wing and gives rise to

268 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

a disco-central branch below the middle. The median is two-
branched(?) from the insertion of the discal.

Head with ocelli. Antenne of the males most frequently pecti-
nated, sometimes plumose, of the females sometimes subpectinated
or serrated. Palpi of moderate length, sometimes short, generally
curved and cylindrical.

Body rather slender, cylindrical and smooth. Abdomen, with
a prominent tubercle on each side of the basal segment, generally
smooth, sometimes tufted along each side. Legs usually slender
and rather long.

The same uncertainty is connected with the present limits of
this genus as with the preceding one. In general structure, the
species included in it are sometimes allied to the Lithosides and
again to the Lombycidae or to the European genus Syntomis. It
has been divided into a number of groups so as to indicate their

special peculiarities with accuracy.

SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES.

. Discal areolet not narrow.
. Antenne of the & pectinated or plumose.
. General structure like that of Syntomis.
Abdomen not tufted along each side.
. Palpi not porrect.
Body and wings more or less metallic.
. Hind tibiz not ciliated.
Hind wings rounded or hardly angular.
. Body hardly hairy.
- Wings unspotted.
l. Wings bright red. lichas.
kK. Wings very generally spotted or wholly blackish with green or blue
reflections.

1. Allied to the Lithosides in structure. Antenne pectinated to the
tips. Wings broad. Abdomen rather short, extending very little
beyond the hind border of the hind wings.

m. Abdomen more or less metallic.
n. Hind wings partly red. fastuosa.
nn. Hind wings bluish at the base. bella.
l?, Body narrow, cylindrical. Wings long and narrow, covered with
opaque or limpid spots. Abdomen long, extending for half its
length beyond the hind wings. Resembles Syntomis.

EUCHROMIA. 269

m. Wings with luteous or yellow spots.
na. Fore wings not marked with blue.
o. Abdomen not metallic.

p. Abdomen with many bands.

. Fore wings with two spots and a streak. ferox.
qq. Fore wings with five dots. ipomaeae.
mm. Wings with white or limpid spots.
o. Hind wings limpid, black margined. fenestraita.
oo. Hind wings with two or more spots.
p. Fore wings with six white spots. vulcanus.
pp. Fore wings with three white spots. subcyanea.

1’, General color black, with golden green stripes or rows of spots. An-
tenn pectinated.

m. Thorax with green streaks and dots.

n. Legs black. interrupta.

I‘, Body short. Antenne pectinated. Wings shorter and broader than
preceding groups and opaque.

m. Hind wings with a hyaline stripe.

n. Abdomen banded with yellow. ventralis.

an. Abdomen with glittering green spots. quadrigutta.
GG. Hind tibie ciliated.

2. Color black. plumipes.

iz. Color pale. pretus.

C. General structure like that of Bombycides.
d. Body not metallic.
jf. Wings with various shades of brown and white or fawn color.
y. Hind wings blue.
h. Abdomen luteous. dryas.
gy. Hind wings not blue.
h. Abdomen brown or black.
7. Hind wings not or hardly limpid towards the base.
j- Fore wings with cuneiform marks. sylvius.

Group Empyreuma.
Empyreuma Hiibner. Verz. Schmett. 120.

Body metallic, rather long, spotted, and scarcely hairy. An-
tenne setaceous, much more than half the length of the body,
thickly and rather deeply pectinated to the tips. Wings long,
moderately broad, wholly opaque and squamose, not spotted.
Hind wings not angular. Abdomen nearly linear, not petiolated.
Legs stout, not plumose. Tibize with short spurs. This group
approaches nearest to Zygaena in its form and in the color of its
wings.

WALKER..

270 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. E. lichas Fabr. Hiibn. Samml. Ex. Schmett. 12, 21, f. 41, 42.

Black, with shining green reflection. Wings bright red, with a
median green streak and white punctures. Abdomen black, with
two golden bands.

Cuba, St. Domingo.

WALKER.

Group Belemmia.
Belemnia Walker, 211.

Body rather long and narrow. Body and wings brilliantly me-
tallic. Antenne setaceous, more than half the length of the body,
thickly and rather deeply pectinated to full three-fourths of the
length in the male. Fore wings long, moderately broad, opaque
and squamose, with red or yellow semi-hyaline spots towards the
tips. Hind wings angular on the hind border near the base. Ab-
domen linear, not petiolated. Legs slender, not plumose. Tibi

with short spurs.
WALKER.

~ 1. B. eryx Fabr. Sphinx inaurata Cram. Pap. III, 67, pl. 140, f. E, F.

Wings black. Fore wings golden towards the base, with a
discal spot and the abdomen beneath, blood-red.

Tn this species the following varieties of color occur:—

Var. a. Head and thorax with gilded or golden green spots.
Fore wings gilded towards the base, with a red spot in the disk.
Abdomen with a cupreous stripe, bright green towards the base
and bright blue towards the tip on each side.

Var, 6. Like Var. a. Abdomen with gilded green spots on
each side along the whole length.

Var. c. Spots on the fore wings yellow. Red beneath the ab-
domen extending partly over the sides above on the hinder half. .

West Indies, South and Central America.
WALKER.

Group Automalis.
Automalis Walker, 213.
Approaches the Zithositdes in structure. Body more or less
metallic. Third joint of the palpi very short. Antenne pecti-

nated to the tips. Wings broad, opaque, more or less spotted,
metallic at the base. Abdomen rather short, extending very little

EUCHROMIA. | o71

| beyond the hind wings. Fore tibe dentate beneath; middle and

apical spurs of the hind tibie small.
WALKER.

1. HE. fastuosa Walker, 215.

Black. Head, palpi, thorax in front and three dorsal stripes
bright green. Antenne minutely pectinated beneath to the tips.
Fore wings dark brown, golden green at the base, and with two
bright red spots, one near the base, the other in the middle near
the fore border, the last also appears beneath where there is an-
other spot beyond it. Hind wings deep purplish blue, bright red
along the middle part of the hind border; this red stripe widens in
breadth towards the tip of the wing. Femora and tibie mostly
_ golden green ; fore coxe and fore tibize white on one side. Length
of the body 5—6 lines; of the wings 18—20 lines.

Jamaica.
WALKER.

2. BE. bella Guér. Icon. Reg. An. Ins. Texte, 502.

Shining violet-blue. Antenne black. Wings black. Fore
wings with a yellow streak at the base and a spot in the disk of
the same hue, and a blue streak near the base towards the hind
border.

Mexico.
WALKER.

Group Hippola.
Hippola Walker, 222. Syntomeida? Harris, N. A. Sphing. 36.

Male. Body cylindrical, slender. Palpi very hairy at the base,
moderately long; third joint small, conical at the tip, not more
than one-fourth of the length of the second. Antenne rather
deeply plumose. Wings long and narrow, mostly opaque; discal
areolet-veinlet forming a right angle; discal fold distinct along
the whole length. Abdomen. long, linear; appendages small.
Legs moderately long; fore tibiz furrowed beneath; middle and
apical spurs of the hind tibiz rather small. 7

1. BE. ferox Walker, 223. ' ;

Male. Dark purple. Head with tawny hairs in front and with
a short orange band behind. Palpi with black hairs towards the

272 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

base. Antenne dark blue, white above towards the tips. Thorax
orange with two purple stripes on each side. Fore wings dark
bluish-green, purple along the hind borders, with two small yel-
lowish white spots between the first and third inferior veinlets,
and with a very short yellowish-white streak before the middle of
the discal areolet, and only visible beneath. Hind wings purple,
partly bluish-green, with a broad white streak near the base and
towards the hind border. Abdominal segments above and beneath
with orange bands which are connected on each side; appendages
testaceous. Legs bluish-purple; coxe beneath with orange to-
mentum, which also appears, but much more slightly, on the
femora. Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 22 lines.
United States.

‘WALKER.

2. E. ipomaeae Harris. Sesia ipomaeae Emler. Glaucopis (Syntomeida)
ipomaeae Harris, N. A. Sphinx, 36. Var.? EL. ferox?

Body tawny orange. Antenne and head black, the latter spot-
ted with orange. Thorax with a broad black stripe on the shoul-
der covers and a transverse spot of the same hue behind. Fore
wings greenish-black, with three yellowish-white dots near the
front margin and two others close together beyond the middle.
Hind wings violet-black, with a transparent colorless spot at the
base. Abdomen with the incisures black. Legs violet-black ;
coxe beneath and a spot on the thighs orange-colored. Hxpands
one inch and three-quarters.

Georgia.

HARRIS.

3. E. fenestrata Stoll. Cram. Pap. Exot. V, 140, pl. 30,f. 5. Drury,
Ins. I, 54, pl. 25, f. 3. Westw. ed. Drury, I, 53, pl. 25, f. 3.
Black. Fore wings with two limpid, approximated spots before
the middle of the wing, and behind the middle a short, indented
limpid band curved externally. Hind wings limpid, margined with
black. Feet red.

Jamaica.
WALKER.

Group Emdera.

Endera Walker, 228.
Color partly metallic. Body nearly linear, not broad. Palpi
moderately long; second joint rather short. Antenne pectinated

EUCHROMIA. 273

to the tips. Wings long, rather narrow, with limpid spots. Hind
wings not angular. Legs rather long and slender; hind tibie
with two moderately long spurs; first at three-quarters of the
length ; second at the tip.

1. E. vuleanus Walker, 228.

Black, clothed with black hairs. Thorax with a white spot on
each side, and with a white band in the hinder part beneath. Fore
wings with a white dot on each side at the base and with. eight
limpid spots; two near the base ; two in the disk, and four forming
a short band nearer the tip. Hind wings with three limpid spots;
two near the base, and one beyond the middle. Abdomen with
two rows of white spots along each side, and with a few red hairs
at the tip. Fore femora clothed with red hairs. Length of the
body 9 lines; of the wings 24 lines.

Mexico.
W ALEER.

2. BE. subcyanea Walker, 230.

Black, clothed with black hairs. Fore part of the thorax
_blackish-green on each side in some aspects, and with six white
dots, two on each side and two nearer the disk; a white dot be-
hind the scutellum. Fore wings very narrow, with three large
white hyaline spots which have a slight opaline lustre, and form a
very slightly curved stripe on the disk; third spot intersected ;
under side brilliant blue towards the base and along the hind
border. Hind wings brilliant blue in front and wholly so beneath,
with three hyaline white spots; basal spot of moderate size; the
other two small. Femora and tibia with blue scales; a white
streak on each of the posterior femora, and a larger one on each
of the fore coxa. Length of the body 9? lines; of the wings 25
lines.

Mexico. ,
_ WALKER.

Group Calonota.
Calonotos Hiibner. Verz. Schmett. 123.

Color partly metallic. Body rather slender. Palpi moderately
long; second. joint small. Antenne pectinated to the tips.
Wings long and narrow. Hind wings not angular. Legs rather

O74 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

stout; median and apical spurs of the hind tibie of moderate
length.

WALKER.

1. HE. interrupta Walker, 1628.

Male. Black, with a metallic green tinge. Thorax with white
or green marginal dots in front, and with two dorsal streaks of
the same hue. Abdomen with a white dot at the base, and with ~
interrupted gilded green bands; under side with two lateral rows
of white spots, which decrease in size hindward. Legs piceous.
Wings black, narrow. Fore wings with four elongated limpid
spots, the hind one of the first pair nearer the base of the wing
than the fore one, which, like the exterior pair is intersected by
the black veins. Hind wings with the disk limpid towards the
base, and with an exterior intersected limpid spot. Length of
the body 73 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

Mexico.
WALKER.

Group Antichioris.
Antichloris Hiibner. Verz. Schmett. 124.

Body rather narrow. Palpi moderately long; second joint
small. Antenne rather deeply pectinated, serrated towards the
tips. Fore wings opaque, unspotted, rather broad, slightly pointed
at the tips, obtusely angular on the hind border. Hind wings
obliquely truncated and slightly angular at the tips; hind border

a little sinuated. Peculiar in the form of the hind wings.

1. H. eriphia Fabr. A. phemonoé Hiibn. Samml. Ex. Schmett. 9, 8, f.
15-6. <A. caca Samml. Ex. Schmett. 24, 67, f. 133, 4.

Var. Male. Gilded green. Head crimson behind. Tongue and
antenne black. Palpi black, white beneath. Thorax crimson on
each side in front. Pectus with white spots on each side. Abdo-
men above black, with three rows of triangular gilded green spots;
under side with two lateral interrupted white stripes, which extend
from the base to the middle. Fore coxe white beneath. Wings
dark brown. Hind wings whitish in front.

Mexico, West Indies..
WALKER.

EUCHROMIA. at 3)

Group Horamiia.
Horamia Hiibner. Verz. Schmett. 124.

Wings narrow. Fore wings much longer than the body. The
subcostal vein is adjacent to the external margin, with two mar-
ginal nervules from the hinder end of the disk, the first opposite
the penultimate branch of the median, the second forked at about
its middle. The apical branch gives rise at about its middle to
the post-apical. The subcosto-inferior and the discal vein arise
at a common point, the latter slightly curved. Median vein 4-
branched, the posterior remote from the penultimate. Hind wings
equal to the length of the body. Without costal vein. Subcostal
vein bifid from the margin of the discal vein, which is very ob-
liquely inclined to the base and suddenly curved about the middle
of the disk, where it receives the discal fold; immediately beneath
this arises a medio-discal nervule. Median vein bifid from the
disk.

Head rather large, smooth, free; with ocelli. Face narrow.
Hyes rather large, prominent. Antenne shortly pectinated or
serrated to the tip, whence it is moniliform, and more or less
dilated or fusiform about the middle. Palpi curved, ascending to
the middle of the face; basal joint hairy beneath; middle and
terminal joint smooth and cylindrical. Tongue about as long as
the thorax beneath.

Body cylindrical, smooth. Patagia small. Abdomen obtuse,
with a prominent tubercle on each side of the basal segment.
Legs slender and long; fore tibize with a moderate spur from the
base; hind tibia towards the ends and the hind tarsi plumose.
Hind tibize with two short spurs.

CLEMENS.

1, HE. plumipes Drury. Aglaope plumipes Westw. ed. Drury, II, 51, pl. 27,.
£3

Blackish. Thorax marked with white. Abdomen banded with
white. Hind tibie plumose. anand

Var.? Palpi short ; third joint small. Black, indistinctly tinged
- with blue. Head, thorax, base of the wings, and abdomen towards
the base with white dots. Wings blackish-brown. Abdominal
segments with white bands. Legs partly covered with white
scales; hind tibie with a white band before the middle, beyond

276 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

which they are deeply plumose with black hairs to the tip; hind
tarsi white, black and plumose towards the base.

Mexico.
WALKER.

2. E. pretus Cram. Sphinx adscita pretus Cram. Pap. Exot. II, 121, pl. 175,
f. E, F. Horamia pretus Hiibn. Samml. Exot. Schmett.- Addend. pl.
f. 1—4. EH. plumipes Clemens, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Nov. 1860, 546. »

Fawn-colored. Antenne banded with black. Prothorax and
basal portion of the abdomen whitish. Hind wings brownish.
Fore wings testaceous. Femora and tibie. black at the tips.

West Indies.

Var. Bluish-black. Antenne with orange-yellow tips. Palpi
—orange-yellow; face, orbits and a spot between the antenne of the
same hue, the former with a central blackish stripe. Thorax with
four spots on the disk orange-yellow or yellow, and four on the
prothorax, one on each side and two central, and a stripe along
the upper edge of the tegule, of the same hue. Abdomen banded
with more or less decided orange-yellow, with a short, transverse
white stripe at the base above between the-tubercles, and with
two white bands at the base beneath, the first of which is extended
on the sides. Breast with three white marks on each side. Wings
concolorous dark brownish, with a white spot on the*costa at the
base. The fore coxe with an orange-yellow stripe and fore tibiz
striped externally with the same hue. Hind coxe orange-yellow;
femora black; tibie orange-yellow banded with black at the tips,
and ciliated with long hairs; tarsi orange-yellow and plumose to
the tips.

This species was erroneously described in the Proceedings of
November, 1860, as plumipes. Mr. Walker, on page 1682, de-
scribes varieties that approach this very nearly, but in making up
the paper for the Proceedings, I overlooked them.

Cuba, West Indies.

_ CLEMENS.
Group Amnycies.
Amycles Walker, 253, 1633.

Male. Body rather long. Palpi rather short; third joint very
small. Antenne rather deeply pectinated for nearly two-thirds of
the length, setaceous and abruptly simple thence to the. tips.

EUCHROMIA. OTT

Wings rather short, very narrow. Fore wings distinctly angular
on the hind border. Abdomen slightly tapering from the base to
the tip. Legs moderately stout; spurs of the hind tibiz rather
long.

Female? Antenne simple and beset with short bristles along
the whole length. Wings short, extremely narrow, less distinctly

angular.
WALKER.

1. BE. anthracina Walker, 253, 1633.

Male. Purplish black. Prothorax with a red ‘dot on each side
beneath. Fore wings towards the tips dingy white, between
which and the black there is a slight brown interval; fringe black.
Hind wings dark brown, dingy white in front. Abdomen with an
oblong oblique shining white spot on each side at the base.

Female? Fore wings with a whitish band at three-fourths of the
length, blackish thence to the tips. Length of the body 5—6
lines; of the wings 12—14 lines.

Mexico.
WALKER.

Group Hucerea.
Hucereon Hiibner. Verz. Schmett. 123.

Body rather stout, nearly cylindrical. Palpi moderately long,
eurved; third joint very minute. Antenne slender, minutely pec-
tinated to the tips. Wings opaque, spotted. Legs moderately
stout; median and apical spurs of the hind tibiz rather long.
This group connects the Glaucopididae with the Bombycidae.

1. E. sylvius Stoll. Cram. Pap. Exot. V, 65, pl. 14.

Fore wings brown or fawn-color, with many blackish streaks.
Abdomen in part red or luteous or yellow. }

Var. a. Fore wings brown; areolets full of blackish marks of
various size and shape, but mostly cuneiform. Abdomen partly
red. od

Var. 6. Fore wings: fawn-color, their spots less large and less
numerous. Abdomen partly red.

Var. c. Like Var. 6, but abdomen partly, luteous.

Mexico.
WALKER..

278 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. HE. dryas Cram. Phalaena dryas Cram. Pap. Exot. I, 110, pl. 70, f. C.

Black. Abdomen luteous, with dots on the sides and the tip,
black. Fore wings dark brown. Hind wings blue, broadly mar-
gined with brown.

West Indies.

WALKER.

Group ——-_——-——- ?

1. E. bimaculata Fabr. Mant. Ins. IE, 106,51; Ent. Syst. III, 1, 402, 54.
Sphinx zygaena bimaculata Gmel. ed. Syst. Nat. I, 5, 2398, 145.

Wings concolorous black. Fore wings with two yellow spots.
Hind wings with two white spots.

America, North ?
WALKER.

2. H.achemon Fabr. Sp. Ins. II, 162, 24; Mant. Ins. II, 104, 29; Ent.
Syst. II, 395, 31. Sphinx zygaena achemon, Gmel. ed. Syst. Nat. I,
5, 2396, 131.

Wings brown, with two white spots.. Abdomen blue, banded
with yellow.

Jamaica.
WALKER.

3. EB. dares Cram. Sphinx adscita dares Pap. Exot. I, 76, pl. 48, f. F.

Blackish-brown. Fore wings white, with a large brown spot
on the disk, and a smaller one of the same hue on the margin.
West Indies. ,

WALKER.

Group Mastigocera.

Mastigocera Harris. N. A. Sphinges, 35, note.

Dr. Harris’ description of the characters of this group is so
indefinite that it is scarcely possible to determine its relationships.
I think, however, it belongs to the genus Huchromia and to the
group Horamia.

1. M. vespina Harris. Cat. N. A. Sphinges, 35.

Light rust-brown. Wings immaculate. Collar, first abdominal
segments above, third below, and a triangular spot on each side,
white. Head, thickened part of the antennez, edge of the thorax
behind the collar, and a large triangular spot on each side of the

ORMETICA. : 279

second abdominal segment, black. Breast black, spotted with
_white. First and second pairs of thighs, except at the base, mid-
dle of the hind pair, and extremity of the tibiz, black. Expands
13 inch to 13.

St. Thomas, W. I.

HARRIS.

ORMETICA CLemeEns.

Wings opaque. Fore wings rather narrow, equal in length to
that of the body; hind margin very obliquely rounded, with the
inner angle opposite the middle of the costa. The subcostal vein
is adjacent to the costa, and gives rise to a marginal nervule from
the disk nearly opposite the penultimate branch of the median
vein, and another exterior but near to the disk. The post-apical
arises just exterior to the second marginal nervule, and the apical
is bifid at its posterior third. The discal vein and the subcosto-
inferior arise at a common point, the former very obliquely inclined
to the base, but straight. The median is 4-branched. Hind wings
extremely short, not one-half as long as the anterior; without costal
vein; subcostal vein arched, with a marginal nervule from the
point of origin of the discal, and bifid at the tip much exterior to
the cell. Discal vein vertical. Median 3-branched.

Head rather large, smooth, free; with small ocelli. Face
tapering, smooth, vertical. Hyes rather large, prominent. An-
tenne wanting. Palpi curved, cylindrical, ascending to the middle
of the front, stout, smooth ; basal joint short, rather hairy beneath;
middle joint smooth, rather thickened in the middle and about four
times as long as the apical joint ; terminal joint very short, ovate.
Tongue as long as the thorax beneath.

Body not metallic, rather stout, equal in length to the fore
wings, smooth. Patagia moderate, decumbent, and overlapping
the meso-thorax. Abdomen tapering at the tip, more than one-
half as long as the body beneath. Legs smooth, rather stout ;
tarsi roughened with spines; fore tibize with a stout internal spur
from the base; hind tibie with four spurs.

280 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

l. O. sphingiformis Clemens.

Bluish-black. Face with a blue band. Body with a yellow
stripe on each side extending from the head to the tip of the abdo-
men. Palpi blackish, whitish at the base and on the second joint
beneath. Fore wings with the extreme costa from the base to
beyond the middle yellow, with a broad stripe of the same hue
from the base to the hind margin beneath the tip, somewhat con-
tracted behind. Hind wings, exterior half yellow, interior half
black. The uuder surface of the wings the same as above. Abdo-
men beneath with a central yellow stripe. Legs black; fore coxe
each with a yellow spot; femora white internally; tibie striped
with white. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 19 lines.

The structure of this insect shows marked affinities to the group
of Sphinges.

Mexico, near Jalapa.
CLEMENS.

CYANOPEHPLA CLemeEns.

Female? Fore wings much longer than the body, moderately
broad, rounded at the tip, and very oblique along the margin.
The subcostal vein adjacent to the external margin, with a single
marginal nervule from near the hind end of the disk, and a second
marginal nervule just exterior to it. The apical branch near its
exterior third sends off a post-apical nervule, and near the tip a
nervulet to the costa. The subcosto-inferior nervule and the dis-
cal vein arise at a common point, the latter angulated. Median
vein 4-branched, with the posterior nervule rather remote from the
others, and the origin of the first subcosto-marginal nervule. Hind
wings rather more than one-half as long as the fore wings, nearly
equal to the length of the body. Without costal vein. Subcostal
bifid at the origin of the discal vein, which is much curved. Me-
dian vein 4-branched, the superior branch is medio-discal, the two
middle ones from a common base, the posterior remote.

Head moderate, smooth, without distinct neck; without ocelli.
Face rather narrow, smooth. Eyes rather small, moderately pro-

minent. Antenne more than one-half as long as the body, minutely

CYANOPEPLA. . 281

pectinated or serrated beneath. Palpi curved, ascending rather
above the middle of the face, smooth, slightly hairy at the base;
middle joint rather more than twice longer than the basal joint ;
terminal joint very minute, ovate. Tongue equal to the thorax
beneath.

Body metallic, cylindric, scarcely slender, smooth. Patagia
rather small, somewhat erected. Abdomen less than one-half as
long as the body beneath. . Legs rather slender, smooth; fore
tibie with a short, concealed middle spur; hind tibie with four

rather short spurs. ‘Tarsi minutely spinous.

1. C. cruenta Clemens.

Black. Palpi blue. Head and body metallic blue. Fore wings
with a large crimson spot at the base, extended to the middle of
the disk and to the fold beneath, and another of the same hue,
oval. and obliquely placed in the median nervules; inner margin
at the base and a streak along the submedian vein metallic blue ;
cilia at the tip white. Hind wings dark bluish-black, immaculate.
Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Mexico, near Jalapa.
CLEMENS.

LITHOSIDES.

Antenne most frequently moderately long, slender, setaceous.
Tongue very often longer than the head. Ocelli very often ab-
sent. Palpi not longer than the head, cylindrical§ third joint
shorter than the second, or not longer. Body slender, elongated.
Thorax not crested. Wings very often subelliptical, posterior
often folded and slightly enfolding the abdomen. Fore wings
rounded at the tips.

The wing structure of the species included in this group is so
diverse that I have been unable to draw up a diagnosis which will
apply to it. The insects arranged under this group, compose
beyond.doubt more than one natural family, but with the limited
number of specimens at my command I cannot undertake the divi-
sion of it.

282 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Fam. I. CTENUCHIDAE.
Group I.

Hind wings without costal vein. The subcostal vein bifid from
the origin of the discal, or posterior to it (Acolozthus), the lower
branch more or less angulated towards its base. Discal vein sim-
ple, angulated usually beneath the middle of the disk, receiving a
more or less thickened discal fold. Median vein 4-branched, with
the posterior sometimes remote from its penultimate. In the fore
wings the subcostal vein is not remote from the costa and its
branches are decumbent, except in Acolovthus.

ACOLOITHUS CiLemens.

The following insect greatly resembles Americana in appear-
ance and almost exactly in ornamentation. It must, however, be
very distinct from it. The wings are extremely narrow. ‘Hind
wings broader than the fore wings, less ovate than in Americana,
and rounded at the interior basal angle; length rather more than
that of the body. The disk of the fore wings is closed by a rather
faint, irregularly oblique vein, with one disco-central nervule, and
angulated at the medio-superior nervule, where it receives a rather
faint discal fold. The subcostal vein with three equidistant, mode--
rately erect marginal nervules from the disk, with the apical vein
simple. Median vein 4-branched, with the posterior nervule and
the areal opposite at their origins. The fold is thickened and
the submedian vein simple. In the hind wings the subcostal vein
shows a tendency to separate into two veins from its point of bi-
furcation towards the base of the wing and resembling two veins
crossing each other; exterior to the point of bifurcation and a
little behind the middle of the lower branch arises a decided, curved
discal vein which receives, just above the medio-superior nervule,
a decided or thickened discal fold. The median vein is 4-branched,
with the two posterior branches equidistant from the second one.

Head moderate, free, smooth; with large ocelli. Face broad,

rounded, Eyes rather small, round and scarcely prominent. An- | |

AGLAOPE. 283

tenne nearly as long as the body, moderately pectinated in the ~,
minutely pectinated in the 2. -Palpi equal to the front, filiform,
porrected, distinctly 3-jointed and with joints nearly equal; termi-
nal joint obtuse. Tongue about one-half as long as the thorax
beneath.

Body short, rather slender, not metallic. Patagia very minute.
‘Abdomen as long as the thorax beneath, not tufted at the tip and
scarcely tufted along the sides, with a minute, lateral tubercle on
the basal segment. Legs extremely slender and rather short; fore
tibiee with a slender tibial spur from the middle; hind tibize with .
two minute apical spurs.

1. A. falsarius Clemens.

Black. Prothorax fulvous, especially on the sides, with a potnt
on the median line black. Hind wings rather thin.

Pennsylvania; Illinois, from Mr. Kennicott.
CLEMENS.

AGLAOPE Latr.

Wings extremely narrow. Hind wings ovate-lanceolate, nar-
rower than the fore wings; length much less than that of the body;
length of the fore wings somewhat more than that of the body.
The disk of fore wings closed by a very faint, irregular vein, with
two disco-central nervules; subcostal vein with a single marginal
nervule from the posterior end of the disk and with the apical
branch trzfid near the tip of the wing or bifid with a long fork.
Median vein 4-branched, with the posterior scarcely remote from
the penultimate. Fold of the wing thickened from the base to the
tip. Submedian with a short fork at the base of the wing. Hind
Wings without costal nervure; subcostal bifid, with an oblique
discal vein arising near the base of the lower branch, and angulated
above the medio-superior nervule, where it receives the discal fold.
Median vein 4-branched, with nervules nearly equidistant.

Head rather small, free, smooth; with large ocelli. Face
smooth, rounded, rather narrow. Hyes rather small, scarcely pro-

284 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

minent. Antenne with bases approached, much shorter than the
body, rather deeply pectinated in the “, less pectinated in the 9.
Palpi very minute, filiform, drooping, with only two distinct joints;
terminal joint acute. Tongue about cs long as the thorax beneath.

Body extremely slender, cylindrical, not metallic. — Patagia
cylindrical, minute. Abdomen without lateral tubercle, tufted at
the tip and along the sides. Legs extremely slender; fore tibie
without tibial spur; hind tibiee with two very minute apical spurs.

1. A. americana Boisd. Griff. An. Kingd. Lep. Procris americana Boisd.,
S. G. Lep. I, pl. 16, f. 7; Guer. Icon. Rég. An. Ins., pl. 84, bis, f. 11.
Procris dispar Har., Cat. P. americana Har., Cat. N. A. Sphin., p.
35. Ctenucha americana Walker, 286.

Blue-black. Prothorax above entirely fulvous or orange.
Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia. |

Subcostal vein exterior to the disk, trifid; apical branch with a
long fork.

2. A. coracina Clemens.

The specimens are imperfect and denuded. The entire insect is
black, without the orange-colored prothorax of Americana.
Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. From Smithsonian Institution.

CTENUCHA Kirsy.

Wings broad, or narrow, elongate-trigonate. Fore wings with
the subcostal vein giving rise near the posterior end of the disk to
a single marginal nervule, and another exterior to the disk and
nearer to it than to the post-apical nervule, which is given off near
the apical nervulet. The subcosto-inferior nervule and discal
branch from a:common stalk, the latter straight and the discal
fold received by the medio-superior nervule. The median vein
4-branched, the posterior much behind the marginal branch, and
rather remote from the penultimate. Hind wings without costal
vein; subcostal bifid, with the discal given off from the fork and
receiving the discal fold at its angle. Median vein 4-branched,

CTENUCHA. 985

with the posterior remote from the other branches, which are
aggregated. .

Head moderate, free, neck distinct, slightly hairy above; with
ocelli. Face smooth, rather narrow. Eyes moderately large, pro-
minent. Antenne about one-half as long as the body, deeply pec-
tinated in the 2, slightly pectinated in the 2. Palpi porrect.

exceeding the front somewhat, squamose; basal joint slightly
hairy; the basal and middle joint nearly equal; the terminal

_ Shorter, acuminated. Tongue as long or nearly as long as the
thorax beneath.

Body cylindrical, slender, more or less metallic. Patagia scale-
like. Hind wings equal to the body in length. Abdomen with a
lateral tubercle on the basal segment. Legs rather slender; fore
tibiz with a short tibial spur; hind tibize with four moderately
long spurs. |

TABLE OF SPECIES.

Head above orange-yellow.
Fore wings with costa luteous.

Cilia white; wings broad. latreillana.
Cilia blackish; wings narrow. fulvicollis.
Head red or crimson.
Fore wings with four yellowish white stripes. venosa.
Fore wings with a white costal and discal stripe. ruficeps.
Fore wings without stripes.
Wings blackish; fringes white. rubriceps.

Wings broad; palpi porrect ; post-apical nervule interior to
apical nervulet. :

1. C. latreillana Kirby. Fauna Bor. Am. IV. 305, 1.

Dark brown or blackish-brown. Palpi pale orange, tips black-
ish. Face dark blue. Head above, prothorax beneath and the
tegule in front pale orange. Thorax and abdomen dark metallic
blue. Wings with whitish cilia, except in the middle. The fore
wings in the 2 have the extreme costa luteous.

United States, Canada.

CLEMENS.

286 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Wings moderately broad; antenne moderately pectinated.
2. C. rubriceps Walker, 283.

Dark brown, black beneath. Head and palpi towards the base
clothed with bright red hairs. Wings fringed with white. Fore
wings with blackish veins. Hind wings bluish-black. Abdomen
of the ¢ sericeous green above. é

New Grenada.
WALKER.

Wings moderately broad; post-apical nervule intertor to apical
nervulet.
3. C. venosa Walker, 284.

Dark brown, black beneath. Head above, prothorax beneath,
clothed with bright red hairs in the #, and with yellow hairs in
the 2. Face dark blue. Palpi blackish, base bright red. Pa-
tagia and tegule in front striped with yellow, the latter likewise
on the superior edge. Wings fringed with white. Fore wings
with four yellowish-white stripes; the first costal, second on the
subcosto-inferior nervule, third on the median vein, extended to
the two middle branches; fourth on the submedian vein. Hind
wings and abdomen of the ¢ dark bluish-black, of the 9 blackish.

Mexico, Texas. Capt. Pope’s collection. Smithsonian Institu-

tion.
CLEMENS.

4, C. ruficeps Walker, 284.

Blue. Head above and thorax in front beneath clothed with
crimson hairs. Palpi black, with crimson hairs towards the base.
Thorax with a lappet on each side and a white spot on each
shoulder. Legs white beneath. Wings blackish-brown, blue at
the base. Fore wings with a white costa and a white interrupted
stripe extending from the base to near two-thirds of the length in
the disk. Hind wings with a white discal stripe tapering from the
base to half the length. 3

Mexico.

WALKER.

MALTHAGA. 287

Wings long, narrow ; fore wings opaque, post-apical exterior to
apical nervulet ; hind wings hyaline in the middle. Palpi curved.
5. C. fulvicollis Hiibner. Glaucopis (Ctenucha) semidiaphana Harris,

Cat. N. A. Sphin., 38, 4.

Slate-colored or blackish-brown. Antenne bluish-black. Palpi,
basal joint ochreous, the other joints blackish. Head above, pa-
tagia, prothorax beneath, tegule in front and a stripe beneath the
fore wings ochreous or orange. Fore wings with a luteous stripe
along the extreme costa. Wings with cilia of the bengal hue.
Abdomen bluish-black, scarcely metallic.

Illinois. Mr. Kennicott.
CLEMENS.

Group II.

Hind wings without costal vein. Subcostal vein bifid, the lower
branch strongly angulated and parallel to the upper, the angle
giving rise to a doubly angulated discal vein, which sends off a
disco-central branch from the upper angle and receives the thick-
ened discal fold at the lower one. Median vein 4-branehed. In
the fore wings the subcostal vein is rather remote from the costa
and its marginal branches are erected ; the discal with two central
nervules.

MALTHACA CLEMENS.

Fore wings rather broad, obovate; the discal cell broad behind,
fusiform. The subcostal vein sends two short nearly erect marginal
nervules to the costa, and from the superior angle of the disk arise
two long nervules, on a short common stalk, the lower one of which
is the apical, but delivered rather above the tip. The discal vein
is rather faint and gives rise to two diseo-central nervules, the
upper one rather on the costal side of the wing. Median vein 4-
branched, the posterior nervule arising a little behind the first
marginal branch. The fold is thickened and the submedian shortly
forked at the base. Hind wings ovate; as broad as the fore wing
and in length equal to that of the body. Without costal vein,
Subcostal is furcate, the lower branch giving rise at an obtuse

288 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

angle to a thickened discal vein, which is angulated above the
medio-superior nervule, where it receives the discal fold, and above
this is given off a single disco-central nervule. Median vein 4-
branched, with branches equidistant, except the two superior ones.
Head moderate, free, vertex rather elongated, smooth ; ocelli
large. Face moderately broad, rounded, slightly protuberant.
Hiyes rather small, scarcely prominent. Antenne with bases almost )
united, rather thick, but tapering at the tips, pectinated. Palpi
extremely short. ‘Tongue about one-half as long as the thorax
‘beneath,
Body slender, cylindrical. Patagia minute, rolled. Abdomen
not tufted at the tip or on the sides, about one-half the length of
the body beneath. Legs slender ; fore tibize with a short concealed
spur on its middle; hind tibie with two extremely minute apical

spurs.

1. M. perlucidula Clemens.
Blackish-brown. Wings slightly transparent. Fore wings with

the basal half luteous above the fold. Hind wings luteous along

the costa from the base to the middle. |
Illinois, Mr. Kennicott. Maryland, Dr. Morris.

CLEMENS.

Fam. II. LYCOMORPHIDAE.

Hind wings without costal vein. Subcostal bifid, the
lower branch slightly angulated near its base, giving rise to
an oblique, simple discal vein. Median vein 3-branched,
with branches equidistant, the medio-superior branch re-
ceiving the discal fold. In the fore wings is rather remote
from the costa and its marginal branches rather erect.

LYCOMORPHA Harris.

Wings narrow. Fore wings nearly fusiform. Near the poste-
rior end of the disk the subcostal vein gives rise to two marginal
nervules and two nearly equidistant exterior to the disk. Without
post-apical nervule. The subcosto-inferior nervule and the discal

LYCOMORPHA. 289

arise on a common stalk, the latter angulated in the middle and -
receiving the discal fold. The median vein is 4-branched, the
posterior arising at a point opposite the middle of the space be-
tween the first and second marginal nervules. Hind wings with-
out costal vein. Subcostal bifid near the tip, the lower branch
giving rise to an oblique discal. Median vein 3-branched, the
superior nervule receiving the discal fold.

Head smooth, free, without ocelli. Face rounded. Hyes mode-
rate. Antenne a little shorter than the body, biserrated or very
minutely pectinated. Palpi short, little exceeding the clypeus,
eylindric, porrected ; the basal joint long, nearly equal to the front;
the middle and terminal joints equal, very short and ovate. Tongue
a little longer than the thorax beneath.

Body slender, nearly cylindrical, not metallic. Patagia scale-
like. Hind wings equal in length to the body. legs rather
slender; fore tibice with a short concealed tibial spur; hind tibiz
with one middle spur and two moderate apical spurs.

1. L. pholus Fabr. Sp. Ins. II, 166, 49.

Bluish-black. The tegule and the basal fourth of the wings
luteous.

Nova Scotia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania.
‘ CLEMENS.

2. L. dimidiata Herr.-Schaeff. Pyromorpha dimidiata Lep. Ex. Sp. Nov.
Ser. I, f. 222.

Black. Fore wings yellow at the base. [Is it distinct from L.
pholus ? |
Georgia.

Fam. ITT. MELAMERIDAE. |

This family has much affinity to the Glaucopididae and
also to the Pyralites. The wings are very generally more
or less black, occasionally with a metallic hue, very fre-
quently adorned with bright colors or partly limpid.

19 .

290 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

JOSIA Hvsyer.

Body generally nearly linear and cylindrical, varying in length
and stoutness. Palpi variable as to length; in some species much
shorter, in others a little longer than the head ; third joint varying
from one-eighth to one-half of the length of the second. Antenne
of the male generally more or less pectinated, sometimes simple ;
of the female generally simple, occasionally serrated. Abdomen
extending as far as the hind wings, or beyond them. Legs mostly
slender; hind tibiz very generally with four spurs of various
length; middle pair wanting in a few species. ‘Wings black,
generally narrow, adorned with yellow, luteous, or white stripes,
bands or spots.

Group Thyrgis.
Thyrgis Walker, 316.

fem. Body cylindrical, nearly linear, moderately long and slen-
der. Palpi a little longer than the head; third joint linear, more
than half the length of the second. Antenne minutely serrated.
Abdomen obconical towards the tip, not extending beyond the
hind wings. Legs slender; hind tibie with four short spurs.
Wings broad, moderately long.

1. J. tribuna Hiibner. Ephialtias tribuna Exot. Schmett. 24, 246, f. 491, 2.

Luteous. Head, disk of the thorax and abdomen, with a dorsal
black stripe. Wings black. Fore wings with a luteous stripe at
the base and an oblique luteous band behind the middle of the
wing. Hind wings with a broad luteous stripe. |

Cuba.

WALKER.

DIOPTIS Hisyer.

Body cylindrical, slender, generally long and linear. Palpi
varying in length, not longer than the head; third joint more or
less shorter than the second. Antenne of the male generally pec-
tinated, occasionally serrated or simple; of the female sometimes
pectinated, more often simple. Abdomen extending as far as the

DIOPTIS. T2791

hind wings, and most often. beyond them. Hind tibie with four
spurs of various length, very rarely with two spurs. Wings mostly
limpid, generally long and narrow, broad in some species.

Group Euagra.
Buagra Walker, 323.

Body cylindrical, slender, linear, rather long. Palpi ascending,
as long as the head; third joint conical, very small, about one-
sixth of the length of the second. Antenne minutely pectinated
to seven-eighths of the length in the male, simple in the female.
Abdomen extending from one-fourth to one-half its length beyond
the abdomen. Legs slender; fore tibiz not dentated ; hind tibize
with four moderately long spurs. Wings rather long and narrow.

1. D. hcemanthus Walker, 324.

Bright blue. Prothorax beneath and head clothed with crimson
hairs. Head white in front. Palpi crimson towards the base.
Abdomen and legs white beneath. Abdomen with a tuft of black
- hairs at the tip; sexual appendages large, testaceous. Wings
deep black, blue towards the base. Fore wings with an oblique
elongato-triangular white hyaline band in the disk beyond the
middle; this band is attenuated towards the hind border and
approaches nearer to it than to the fore border, and contains no
apparent veins. Hind wings with a narrow white hyaline discal
stripe which extends from the base nearly to the hind border and
is traversed obliquely by a black vein near its tip. Length of the
body 5 lines; of the wings 15 lines.

Mexico.
WALKER.

Group Hyrmina.
Hyrmina Walker, 331.

Body cylindrical, linear, very slender, rather long. Palpi
ascending, curved, shorter than the head; third joint pointed, not
one-fourth of the length of the second. Antenne of the male
rather deeply, of the female minutely, pectinated. Abdomen ex-
tending a little beyond the hind wings of the male, and nearly as
far as them in the female. Legs slender; fore tibie of the male
slightly channelled and not dentated beneath ; hind tibie with four

292 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

small spurs. Wings moderately long, rather broad; fore wings
with three inferior veins.

1. D. vinosa Drury. Ex. Ins. I, 47, pl. 28, £4. Sphinx vinosa Drury
App. 4. :

Wings grayish-diaphanous. Fore wings with the anterior and
posterior margin reddish-yellow, with a large external spot, white
in the middle margined with black. Hind wings, fem., with a
submarginal reddish-yellow band. |

Jamaica.
WALKER.

Group Lauron.
Lauron Walker, 333.

Body cylindrical, linear, slender, rather long. Palpi straight,
porrect, as long as the head; third joint acuminated, nearly one-
third of the length of the second. Antenne closely pectinated ;
branches of moderate length in the male, very short in the female.
Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings in both sexes
or not extending beyond them in the females of some species.
Legs very slender; fore tibize not dentated; hind tibize with two
very minute apical spurs. Wings long, rather broad, more or less
hyaline ; three inferior veins.

1. D. ergolis Walker, 335.

Black. Thorax and the costa of the fore wings along the basal
half and a short, oblique band, red. Fore wings with the disk at
the base subhyaline, an abbreviated, oblique band near the tip,
white.

Jamaica.
WALKER.

CHRYSAUGEH Huvsyer.

Group Flavinia.
Flavinia Walker, 369.

Body slender, of moderate length, nearly linear and cylindrical.
Palpi porrect, shorter than the head; third joint acuminated, less
than one-third of the length of the second. Antenne of the male
deeply pectinated, of the female simple. Abdomen hardly extend-

URAGA. 293

ing beyond the hind wings in the male, shorter in the female.
Legs slender; hind tibize with two small apical spurs. ° Wings of
moderate length, rather narrow.

1. C. dimas Cram. Pap. Exot. I, 91, pl. 59, f. C.

Whitish. Head, thorax in front and hind wings, red. Fore
wings with the costa red, with a median, oblique thickly spotted
black band.

West Indies.

WALKER.

URAGA WALKER.

Male. Body nearly linear and cylindrical, moderately stout and
Jong. Palpi longer than the head; third joint lanceolate, a little
shorter than the second. Antenne moderately pectinated. Ab-—
domen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs slender ;
hind tibie with four small spurs. Wings of moderate length,
rather broad. Fore wings rounded and not angular on the hind
border.

1. U. hcemorrhoa Walker, 465.

Black. Head and prothorax clothed with crimson hairs. Palpi
crimson, with black tips. Abdomen blue, crimson towards the tip
beneath and with a slender crimson stripe on each side. Femora
blue. Fore wings with a narrow, linear, straight, slightly oblique
whitish band with testaceous borders at two-thirds of the length.
Hind wings bluish beneath towards the base. Length of the body
63 lines; of the wings 15 lines.

Jamaica.

WALEER.

Fam. IV. PERICOPIDAE.

This family is composed of large species, which often have
pale dots on the head and thorax, and whose wings are ample
and frequently more or less vitreous. It is connected with
the Melameridae, and has some affinities with the Arciddae.

294 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

‘ PERICOPIS Hisner.

Body nearly linear and cylindrical, moderately long and stout. .
Head and thorax of the male hairy, the latter thick. Palpi more
or less ascending, hairy in the male; third joint acuminated in the
male, conical in the female, about one-third of the length of the
second. Antenne little or not more than half the length of the
body, pectinated moderately or minutely in the male, very slightly
or serrated in the female. Abdomen of the male slightly com-
pressed, much narrower than the thorax, extending for one-third
of its length beyond the hind wings; of the female obconical at
the tip, extending for one-fourth of its length or less beyond the
hind wings. Legs moderately stout ; hind tibie with two minute .
apical spurs. Wings long, rather broad, more or less semihyaline;

four inferior veins.
W ALEER.

1. P. eurocilia Cram. Pap. Exot. II, 126, pl. 178, f. C.

Ferruginous. Head, thorax in front and abdomen spotted with
white. Thorax and abdomen on the sides striped with yellow.
Wings with marginal white dots. Fore wings with a black stripe
near the base, with a short, oblique black band in front, and the
tip of the wing black; also a broad median yellow band, sur-
rounding a black spot, abbreviated and incised behind. Hind
wings black, red at the base, with ferruginous discal streaks.

West Indies.

WALKER.

2. P. leucophza Walker, 352.
Wings quite opaque in the female.

Blackish-brown. Antenne very minutely pectinated. Thorax
with several white dots in front. Fore wings with a crimson dot
on each ‘at the base. Hind wings with a row of crimson spots near
the hind border, close to which there is a row of white dots.
Male. Abdomen with a luteous tip. Fore wings with two gray
slightly oblique irregular nearly connected semi-hyaline bands, the
subapical one clearer than the first. em. Last abdominal seg-

COMPOSIA—-EUCYANE, 295

ment with a luteous margin. Length of the body 9—10 lines;
of the wings 24-28 lines.

Mexico.
WALKER.

COMPOSIA Hisner.

Body nearly cylindrical, rather stout, of moderate length. Palpi
vertical, shorter than the head; third joint less than half the length
of the second. Antenne of the male slightly pectinated, of the
female minutely pectinated. Abdomen oblanceolate in the male,
fusiform in the female, extending as far as the hind wings. Legs
rather slender; fore tibise excavated beneath ; hind tibiz with two
minute apical spurs. Wings long, rather narrow with semihyaline
spots.

1. C. sybaris Cram. Pap. Exot. I, 112, pl. 71, f. E.? De Beauv. pl. 24,
f. 7. Composia credula Hiibn. Samml. Ex. Schmett. II, Lep. II,
Phal. Il, Ver. viii. Coll. B, Var. II, f. 1—4.

Black, white beneath. Body and wings thickly dotted with
white. Fore wings with four nearly square crimson spots.
West Indies.

WALKER.

EUCYANE Huvsyner.

Body nearly cylindrical and linear, rather stout, moderately long.
Palpi ascending as long as the head; third joint linear, rather
more than half the length of the second. Antenne of the male
moderately pectinated, of the female serrated. Abdomen hardly
extending to the hind border of the hind wings in the male, a little
shorter in the female. Legs moderately stout; hind tibic with
four small spurs. Wings ample; fore wings with a semi-hyaline
band ; four inferior veins.

Wings very broad.

- 1. BE. pylotis Drury. Ins. Exot. II, 9, pl. 5,f. 3. Callimorpha? pylotis
Westw. ed. Drury II, 11, pl. 5, f. 3. -

Blackish-blue. Abdomen luteous beneath, with the hind borders

296 | LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

black. Fore wings with a broad, white median band; cilia at the
tip white. Hind wings with white cilia. —

Mexico.
WALKER.

Fam. V. NYCTEMERIDAE.

Some of the genera, like a few of the Pericopidae and of
the Chalcostidae, have much resemblance to the Rhopalocera.
The body is slender and the wings ample, and they have,
likewise a general resemblance to some of the Geometrites.

CARALISA WALKER.

Male. Body hardly stout. Tongue elongate. Palpi porrect,
extending far beyond the head; third joint elongated, acuminated,
much more than half the length of the second. Antenne mode-
rately pectinated, much more than half the length of the body.
Abdomen extending as far as the hind wings. Legs slender;
hind tibice with four rather short spurs. Wings moderately broad.
Fore wings straight in front, rounded at the tips, very oblique
along the exterior border; first, second and third inferior veins

nearly contiguous; fourth remote.

1. C. editha Walker, 1661.

Male. Deep blue. Head crimson beneath, white about the eyes.
Palpi crimson at the base. Disk of the abdomen with a short
broad crimson stripe, which tapers in front; under side crimson.
Wings with broad black borders; cilia white. Length of the
body 6 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

West Indies.

WALKER.

EUDULE Huvpsyer.

Body slender, nearly linear and cylindrical, rather long. Palpi —
porrect, rather shorter than the head; third joint conical, not more
than one-fourth of the length of the second. Antenne of the male

PSYCHOMORPHA—MELANCHORIA. . 297

minutely pectinated, of the female serrated. Abdomen generally
extending beyond the hind wings. Legs slender; hind tibize with
four spurs of moderate length. Wings long and narrow; fore
wings with four inferior veins.

l. EH. variegata Walker, 380.

Crimson. Head black, white about the eyes and with white
dots above. Antenne and palpi black, the latter black beneath.
Abdomen black, with a white band which is widest beneath on
each segment. Legs black, white beneath. Fore wings with
black-bordered veins towards the base, in the middle with a black
oblique band which does not extend towards the fore border, but
is dilated and contains a white dot towards the hind border;
apical fourth part black with three or four white dots in a trans-
verse line. Hind wings veined with black, and with broad white
dotted black borders. Male. Hind wings black, streaked with
white beneath.

West Indies.

WALKER.

PSYCHOMORPHA Harris.

Body slender, hairy at tle tip. Palpi slender, nearly horizontal,
extending a little beyond the clypeus, covered with loose hairs so
as to conceal the joints. Tongue moderate, spirally rolled. An-
tenn in the male pectinated on both sides, the pectinations rather
short, simple in the female. Wings short, somewhat triangular,
with the outer margins rounded ; discal areolet of the hind wings
short, closed by a sinuous vein. Abdomen not extending beyond
the hind wings. Legs short, hairy; spurs of the hind tibiz three,
slender, nearly concealed by the hairs.

1. P. epimenis Drury, App. III. Exot. Ins. III, 39, pl. 29, f. 2. See p. 136.

MELANCHROIA Huvsner.

Body slender, of moderate length, nearly linear and cylindrical.
Palpi porrect, hairy, shorter than the head; third joint conical,

298 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

nearly half the length of the second. Antenne closely pectinated;
branches long or of moderate length in the male, very short in the
female. Abdomen not extending as far as the hind wings. Legs
slender; hind tibize with four spurs. Wings broad, not long,
generally black with semi-hyaline white spots.

Spurs short, near together.

1. M.? cephise Cram. Pap. Exot. IV, 182, pl. 381, f. E. Hiibner, Samml.
Exot. Schmett. II, Lep. II, Phal. II, Ver. vii. Hyp. A. Sphing. 17,
f. I—4.

Deep black. Head, prothorax, sides of the thorax in front and
breast clothed with luteous hairs. Palpi, legs and hind borders of
the abdominal segments whitish beneath. Wings fringed with
white, and with an elliptical white spot on each tip; veins some-
what cinereous. Length of the body 5 lines; of the wings 18 lines.

‘Mexico,. West Indies, Central America. .
. WALKER.

2. M.inconstans Geyer. Samml. Exot. Schmett. V, 17, 431, f. 861-2.

Male. Black. Thorax with luteous spots.. Wings bluish-black,
at the base beneath luteous or red. Fore wings with white borders.

Mexico.
WALKER.

RANG, ee ee
VIRBIA WALKER.

Allied to the Noctuidae. Body rather short, moderately stout, —
nearly linear and cylindrical. Palpi stout, straight, porrect, a
little shorter than the head; third joint very small. Antenne
simple in both sexes. Abdomen not extending beyond the hind
wings. Legs rather stout; hind tibie with two very minute apical
spurs. Wings rather short and broad. Fore wings distinctly an-
gular; third superior vein trifurcate ; first and second inferior veins
near together at the base.

NUDARIA. _ 299

1. V. luteilinea Walker. C. B. M. 471.

Brown. Palpi at the base and tongue testaceous. Antenne
‘black. Abdomen on each side with a slight luteous stripe which
tapers from the base towards the tip. Fore wings ferruginous
. above and luteous beneath for more than half the length from the
base, and with a reddish line along the costa. Hind wings luteous
with broad black borders which are of equal breadth from the tip
of the fore border to the tip of the inner border. Length of the
body 4 lines; of the wings 11 lines.
Mexico.

Fam. VI. LITHOSIIDAE.

In the hind wings the costal and subcostal veins have a
common origin in the posterior third of the wing. The sub-
costal is bifid beyond the origin of the discal, which is some-
times doubly angulated, giving rise to a disco-central branch
from the lower angle, and sometimes simple and curved.
Median vein 38-branched. In the fore wings the subcostal
vein is remote from the costa, and the marginal. branches
rather erect.

~~“

NUDARIA ? Havw., Srzpz.

Wings rather broad, semi-diaphanous, rounded. In the fore
wings the subcostal vein forms a large subcostal cell over the discal
vein, giving rise about the middle of the cell above to a marginal
nervule, and beneath to the subcosto-inferior and discal vein, the
latter having a disco-central nervule. At the apex of the cell
behind, the vein becomes trifid, dividing into a marginal, post-
apical and apical nervules, the latter with a nervulet from its
middle. Hind wings about equal to the body in length; without
costal vein; subcostal vein with a marginal nervule arising from
the disk near the discal vein, and becoming bifid exteriorly at a
point remote from the discal vein; with a disco-central nervule.
Median 3-branched, with the posterior nervule somewhat interior
to the origin of the marginal nervule. .

Head free, rather small, smooth; without ocelli. Face smooth,
rather narrow, clypeus prominent. Antenne setiform, moderately

300 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

long, scarcely ciliated in the males. Palpi slender, slightly curved,
but little exceeding the clypeus, slightly hairy at the base; the basal
joint twice larger than the middle; terminal joint minute, ovate.
Tongue as long as the thorax beneath.

Body slender. Patagia nearly obsolete. Legs rather long and
slender; fore tibize unarmed; hind tibie with four spurs, the
middle pair short. |

Eggs globular, pale yellow; producing larve one week after
deposition. The larva on escaping from the egg is geometriform,
wrth ten legs. This refers to the species described ‘below which
differs sufficiently in structure from the Huropean WV. mundana, it
appears to me, to authorize the separation of our species from the
group containing the Huropean species. It may belong to the

Geometrina.

1. N. mendica Walker, 576.

Pale yellowish. Fore wings with the costa at the base fre-
quently touched with ochreous, with two irregular oblique blackish,
sometimes pale gray, bands, composed of large spots; one on the
middle of the disk, and the other crossing the nervules, and a
single spot of the same hue near the hind margin in the medio-
central interspace, sometimes connected with the posterior band.

Pennsylvania, New York.
WALKER.

LERINA Watkzr.

Male. Body short, thick, very hairy. Palpi thick, very short,
hairy; third joint very small. Tongue very short. Antenne
rather deeply pectinated. Abdomen extending as far as the hind
wings. Legs moderately stout; hind tibie with two rather long
middle spurs and two minute apical spurs. Wings narrow, rather
long. Fore wings straight in front, slightly rounded and not
angular behind; first and second inferior veins almost contiguous
at the base; third about six times nearer to the ‘second than to
to the fourth. |

APISTOSIA. ! 301

1. L. incarnata Walker, 477.

Black, clothed with black hairs. Head above, thorax and abdo-
men towards the tip thickly clothed with crimson hairs. Palpi,
antenne and legs black. Thorax with a black dorsal stripe, not
extending to the front. Wings metallic bluish-green, not hairy.
Length of the body 54 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

Mexico.
W ALKER.

APISTOSIA Huvpyer.

. Male, Body nearly linear, rather stout, moderately long. Palpi
stout, very much shorter than the head; third joint conical, very
small. Tongue of moderate length. Antenne moderately pecti-
nated. Abdomen extending a little beyond the hind wings. Legs
stout; hind tibise with four long spurs. Wings moderately long
and broad. Fore wings very slightly convex in front, obtusely
angular behind; first and second inferior veins united at the base;
third rather more than four times nearer to the second than to the

fourth.
WALKER.

1. A.? terminalis Walker, 478.

Body bluish purple. Head, fore part of the thorax, tip of the
abdomen and fore cox crimson. Palpi shorter than the head;
third joint conical, less than one-fourth of the length of the second.
Antenne wanting. Abdomen extending for one-third of its length
beyond the hind wings. Legs purplish-black, moderately stout.
Wings black, tinged with green and purple, rather long and nar-
row ; first and second inferior veins of the fore wings near together
at the base; third full twice further from the fourth than from the
second. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 19 lines.

Mexico. .

WALKER.

The characters of this and of the following species, of which the
specimens described are deprived of their antenne, partly differ
-from those of Apistosia.

302 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. A.? multifaria Walker, 479.

Allied to Huchromia? Metallic blue. Head, prothorax and
sides of,the thorax clothed with rosy hairs) Abdomen extending
very little beyond the hind wings. Fore coxe, knees and tips of
the tibiz white. Palpi red, very much shorter than the head ;
third joint conical, very small. Wings black, rather long and
narrow, tinged with blue towards the base ; costa and fringe mostly
white; first and second inferior veins very near together at the -

base; third full four times further from the fourth than from the —

second. .Length of the body 7 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

California.
WALKER.

ARDONEA WALKER.

Male. Body rather slender, nearly linear, moderately long.
Palpi hairy, much shorter than the head; third joint conical, not
more than one-fourth of the length of the second. Antenne: mode-
rately pectinated. Abdomen elongate-fusiform, extending for one-
fourth of its length beyond the hind wings, forcipated at the tip.
Legs rather slender; hind tibiz with four long spurs. Wings
rather long and narrow. Fore wings hardly convex in front,
slightly angular behind; first and second inferior veins united at
the base; third very near the second; fourth twice further from
the third than the third from the second.

1. A. munda Walker, 1680.

Female. Deep blue. Head, and fore part of the thorax and
of the breast crimson. Palpicrimson, with black tips. Antennz
black. Abdomen extending for about one-third of its length
beyond the hind wings. Wings moderately broad; fringe white,
with a black interval on the middle of the exterior border of each
wing, and another towards the interior angle of the hind wings. |

St. Domingo.
| WALKER.

HYPOPREPIA Husyer.

Female. Body stout, rather short, elongato-subfusiform. Head
rather small. _ Palpi stout, very much shorter than the head ; third

LYMIRE. 303

joint acuminated, not half the length of the second. Tongue short.
Abdomen oblanceolate, not extending quite so far as the hind
wings. Legs moderately stout; hind tibie with two minute apical
spurs. Wings moderately broad, not long. Fore wings slightly
convex in front; the hind- angle somewhat rounded; first and
second inferior veins almost contiguous at: the base; third about
eight times nearer to the second than to the fourth.

1. H. fucosa Hiibner. Exot. Schmett. 21, 236, f. 471-2.

Rose-colored. Abdomen with a broad dorsal gray band.
Wings gray. Fore wings with the borders and a furcate stripe,
rose-colored. Hind wings with the basal half rose-colored.

Georgia.
WALKER.

LYMIRE WaALEER.

Female. Body stout, elongate-fusiform. Head large. Palpi
stout, slightly curved, a little shorter than the head; third joint
conical, very small, not one-fourth of the length of the second.
Tongue of moderate length. Antenne setaceous, moderately pec-
tinated, rather more than half the length of the body. Abdomen
extending for nearly half its length beyond the hind wings. Legs
slender, rather long; hind tibie with four minute spurs. Wings
very narrow, somewhat pointed. Fore wings straight in front for
two-thirds of the length, conical towards the tips, very oblique
along the apical border, very obtusely angular behind; first and
second inferior veins united for a short space from the base; third
very near the second; fourth remote from the third.

1. L. melanocephala Walker, 490.

Hoary. Head, antenne, and palpi black. Head, palpi, and
fore coxee thickly clothed beneath with pale luteous hairs. Pro- —
thorax clothed with pale luteous hairs. Abdomen blackish, pale
luteous beneath. Anterior legs brown, with testaceous femora ;

304 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hind legs testaceous. Fore wings with testaceous fore borders.
Hind wings limpid, with hoary fore borders and tips.
Jamaica. . :
WALKER.

PERCOTE WALKER.

Male. Body rather .thick and long. Palpi curved, ascending,
as long as the head; third joint slender, linear, not more than
one-fourth of the length of the second. Tongue short. Antenne
minutely pectinated. Abdomen extending for nearly half its
length beyond the hind wings. Legs rather stout (mutilated in
the specimens described), with four? spurs of moderate length.
Wings narrow, not long. Fore wings straight in front, conical
towards the tips, rounded and not angular behind; first and
second inferior veins contiguous at the base, third about thrice

further from the fourth than from the second.

1. P. signatura Walker, 493.

Brown. Head with a luteous spot on each side behind the’
vertex. Palpi luteous beneath towards the base. Thorax with a
luteous spot on each side. Abdomen luteous above, pale testa-
ceous beneath. Coxe luteous. Fore wings with a short oblique
limpid streak near the fore border and before the middle of the
length. Hind wings grayish hyaline with broad brown borders.

West Indies.

WALKER.

LITHOSIA Fasr.

Fore wings rather elongated, subelliptico-truncate. Disk rather
narrow, closed by a very faint vein. Subcostal vein remote from
the costa, with two marginal nervules from near the middle of the
disk rather erected, and another exterior to the disk, between it
and the furcate apical nervule. The subcosto-inferior and discal
from a short common stalk. Median 4-branched, the -posterior
remote from the others, arising interiorly to the first marginal
nervule. Hind wings much broader than the fore wings; with

LITHOSIA—-EUSTIXIA. - 305

the costal and subcostal veins from a common stalk, the latter bifid
beyond the disk, which is closed by a faint vein. Median vein
3-branched, the two superior on a common stalk, which becomes
bifid opposite the fork of the subcostal.

Head rather small, free, smooth; without ocelli. Face mode-
rate, flat, smooth. Eyes moderate, prominent.. Antenne simple,
setose in both sexes? Palpi moderate, recurved, but little ex-
ceeding the clypeus, squamose; the basal joint tumid,.and about
equal to the middle joint, which is cylindric; the terminal joint
slender and nearly equal to the middle joint. Tongue slightly
more than one-half as long as the thorax beneath.

Body moderately thick, rather less than the length of the hind
wings. Patagia small, nearly cylindrical. Abdomen beneath one-
half the length of the body. Legs rather stout; fore tibiee with a

short spur at the base; hind tibice with four moderate spurs.

1, L. miniata Kirby. Faun. Bor. Am. IV, 305,1. Gnopria vittata Harris,
Ins. Mass. 2d ed. 262. Atolmis? miniata Clemens, Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Nov. 1860, 543.

- Searlet or yellow tinged with scarlet. Antenne black. Palpi
tipped with black. Fore wings with three broad slate-colored or
lead-colored stripes, the first near the costa; the third near inner
margin; the second short in the middle of the wing posteriorly.
Hind wings blackish slate-colored, scarlet or pinkish at the base.

Abdomen black with a broad scarlet stripe beneath. !
CLEMENS.

2. L. longipennis Walker, 510.

Yellow. Palpi brownish towards the tips. Tibiew and tarsi
brownish. Fore wings long, narrow, conical at the tips, with a
very long narrow brown border which is slightly widened at the
tips, and does not extend further than the tips of the hind wings
towards the base behind. Hind wings with a brown fringe at the
tips.

Mexico.

WALKER.

HUSTIXIA Hisyer. See p. 252.
20 :

306 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

EUBAPHE Huvpsyer. See p. 253.

The following genus is one of a group that appears to connect
the Lithosiidae with the Zineina. It probably differs from the
Lathosiidae in structure, and cannot be regarded as a member of
the family.

MIEZA WALKER. See p. 253.
2. M. subfervens Walker, 528. See p. 253.

3. M.? pupula Hiibner. Lustixis pupula Hibn., Samml. Exot. Schmett.
III, 24, 245, f. 489, 490. See p. 254.

Fam. VII. HYPSIDAE.

In the structure of the palpi, this family much resembles
some of the groups of the Noctwites quadrifidae of Gueneé.

PITANE Watker. See p. 254.

l. P.? mediastina Hiibner. Dysauxes mediastina Hubner, Samml. Exot.
Schmett. III, 27, 253, f. 505-6. See p. 254.

Male. Black. Disk of the thorax and abdomen at the tip lute-
ous. Fore wings with a postmedian clavate band and seven
bands, white. Hind wings luteous, bordered with black, and with
a black band.

Georgia.
WALKER.

Fam.

CROCOTA Hisyer.

Fore wings rather broad, trigonate. The subcostal vein almost
above posterior end of the disk, gives rise to a single marginal
nervule, and the apical branch is trifid at the tip; and sometimes
with a second short marginal branch from about the middle of the
apical nervule. ‘The subcosto-inferior and the discal arise on a
short common stalk, the latter vein angulated. ‘The median is
4-branched, with the posterior remote from the others. Hind

CROCOTA. : 307

wings rounded, broader than the fore wings, with the costal and
subcostal veins from a common stalk, the former simple and the
latter bifid, with an angulated discal vein from the point of bifur-
cation. Median with three branches, the posterior remote.

Head moderate, free, smooth; ocelli small. Face moderate,
flat, smooth. EHyes rather large, prominent. Antenne not more
than half as long as the body, rather stout, setaceous and slightly
setose. Palpi rather slender, porrected, exceeding the clypeus by
at least one-half their length, and pubescent; the terminal joint
pointed and slender, about one-half as long as the middle joint.
Tongue slender, about one-half’as long as the anterior coxe, or
rudimentary.

Body smooth, rather slender; length less than that of the hind
wings. Patagia scale-like. Abdomen smooth, beneath one-half
as long as the body. Legs rather slender; fore tibiz with a short,
concealed, middle spur; hind tibiz with four short spurs.

Closely allied to the Aretiide.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

Wings with a discal det.

Abdomen ferruginous, with dorsal and black dots. ferruginosa.

Abdomen rose color. brevicornis.

Abdomen reddish-brown or fulvous. rubicundaria.
Wings without discal dot.

Abdomen red, with a black stripe. laeta.

Abdomen testaceous ; wings subhyaline. cupraria.

L C. rubicundaria Hébner. Sammi. Ex. Sch. Il, 28, 256, f. 511, 5, 12.
Arctia rubricosa Harris, Ins. Mass. 2d ed. 274. See p. 256.

Fulvous or reddish-brown. Antenne fulvous, blackish on the
sides. Fore wing sometimes with a brown discal spot. Hind -
wings more or less red, with a more or less distinct niarginal black
band, sometimes absent, and sometimes with a dark brown discal
dot. Fore wings with a second marginal nervule on the middle
of the apical. |

Pennsylvania.

‘CLEMENS.

Variety? Yellowish. Fore wings without discal dot. Hind

308 ss LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings with a discal dot and rather broad, distinct dark brown
marginal band.

Pennsylvania.
(CLEMENS.

2. C. brevicornis Walker, 536. See p. 255.

Fawn color or. luteous fawn color. Antenne black, short. ©
Abdomen rose color. Fore wings rosy beneath. Hind wings rose
color, with an indistinct and sometimes quite obsolete brown stripe
in the hind border, and a brown dot in the disk. Body 25—84

lines long; wings 8—10 lines.
WALKER.

I have specimens which correspond very nearly to the above
description.» The anterior portion of the body is luteous, as are
the fore wings, but combined with a reddish hue. Hind wings
cinnabar red, without marginal band or discal spot, and in one
specimen the terminal joint of the palpi is blackish.

Illinois, Mr. Kennicott.

CLEMENS.
3. C. ferruginosa Walker, 535. See p. 255.

Ferruginous. Abdomen pale ferruginous, with a row of dorsal
black dots. Hind wings pale ferruginous, with a blackish dot in
the disk, and two or three blackish spots along the border. Length
of the body 35—4 lines; of the wings 10—11 lines.

Hudson’s Bay.

WALKER.

It is possible this insect may be the rubricosa of Harris. I
have specimens which agree in general with Mr. Walker’s descrip-
tion, but they possess noticeable differences in structure as com-
pared with the others described previously. In these the tongue is
rudimentary; fore wings with a second marginal branch in the
middle of the apical nervule. In every other particular the struc-
ture conforms to that of the genus. These differences may be
sexual. In ornamentation they are reddish-brown, scarcely ferru-
ginous, and in addition to the discal dot, have a rather faint dark
brownish band crossing the nervules. Hind wings rather paler
than the fore wings, one specimen with a blackish discal spot, the
other without it, and faint blackish spots along the margin near
the inner angle.

CISTHRENE—TRICHROMIA. 309

My own impression is that rubtcundaria of Hiibner and rubri-
cosa of Harris is a variable insect, and that ferruginosa of Walker,
and perhaps brevicornis, are not true species. I am much more
uncertain, however, respecting the latter than the former.

4. C. cupraria Walker, 536.

Testaceous. Fore legs mostly brown. Wings slightly rosy
testaceous, subhyaline, with a slight cupreous tinge towards the
tips. Length of the body 3—4 lines; of the wings 9—11 lines.

Jamaica? S. America.
x W ALKER.

5. C.laeta. Lithosia laeta Boisd. Guer. Icon. Rég. An. Ins. pl. 88, f. 6,
p. 519. C. laeta Walker, 537.

Grayish-black. Tongue testaceous. Abdomen red, with a black
stripe which is broader beneath than above. Fore wings red along
the costa. Hind wings red, with a broad grayish-black border.
Length of the body 3 lines; of wings 9 lines.

N. America ?
WALKER.

CISTHRENE Watker. See p. 254.

FAM. ?

TRICHROMIA Husyer.

Body slender, rather long. Palpi short. Antenne setaceous,
simple, slender. Abdomen exceeding the hind wings by one-third.
Feet slender, hind tibie with four long spurs. Wings rather nar-
row, scarcely elongated. Fore wings slightly convex along the
costa, somewhat oblique along the apical border, posterior angle

rounded.

1. T. trigemmis Hubner. Exot. Schmett. III, 22, 239, f. 477, 478.

Dark brown. Fore wings with a yellow median band, and a
spot of the same hue at the tips. Hind wings white, the hind
margin and more than one-third of the tip gray.

St. Domingo. : ;
WALKER.

310 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

FAM.

CINCIA W Anker.

Female. Body short, stout, linear. Palpi straight, mueh shorter
than the head; third joint linear, conical at the tip, much shorter
than the second. Antenne slender, serrated, pubescent, a little
more than half the length of. the body. Abdomen not extending
beyond the hind wings. Legs slender; hind tibie with four
moderately long spurs. Wings rather broad, not long. Fore.
wings slightly convex in front, oblique along the apical border,
angular behind; first, second and third inferior veins approximate

at the base; fourth remote from the third.

1. C. conspersa Walker, 539.

Whitish or hoary. Palpi blackish towards their tips. Thorax |
with black dots. Anterior tibize with black bands. Fore wings
sprinkled with black points and with full twenty-four blaek dots,
of which there is a row across each tip ; under side and hind wings
blackish.

Jamaica. -
WALKER.

——/?

Fam.

ERITHALES Poey.

Tongue distinct. Palpi cylindrical, produced beyond the head,
with the third joint oriform. Antenne of the males strongly pee-
tinated. Wings exceeding the abdomen.

l. B. guacolda Poey. Cent. Lép. Cuba.

Wings brown; fore wings partly paler, with many black dots.
Abdomen yellow. Body and feet dotted with black.
Cuba.

Pory.

PE.CILOPTERA. ie 311

FAM. ?

Wings with tineseform structure. Hind wings with the
costal nervure straight; with the subcostal semple, attenuated
enteriorly to the discal, but joining the costal near its basal third.
Discal vein nearly straight, wth two disco-central nervules.
Median with three equidistant branches.

Fore wings with the disk extending beyond the apical
third of the wing. About the middle of the disk the sub-
costal vein sends off a strong marginal branch, beyond which
‘is a secondary cell, from the hinder end of which arise two
marginal and an apical branch; discal vein nearly straight,
with three disco-central branches; median 3-branched, the
posterior very remote from its penultimate; the fold is
thickened and the subcostal is forked at its base.

PCICILOPTERA CLEMENS.

The wings are longer than the body. ‘The anterior rather nar-
row, enveloping the body when folded; apex obtusely rounded and
hind margin slightly oblique. The subcostal nervule gives rise to
a marginal nervule, about its middle, and within the disk forms a
large secondary cell, from the hind end of which arise three dis-
tinct marginal nervules, the lower one reaching the costa rather
above the tip. The disk extends rather beyond the apical third
of the wing, and the discal vein gives rise to three nervules. The
median is 3-branched, the posterior branch being remote from the
others and arising opposite the origin of the subcostal branch,
which forms the secondary cell. The fold is thickened, and the
submedian furcate at its base. The hind wings are rather broader
than the fore wings; obliquely rounded along the hind margin
from the tip to the base; costa nearly straight. The costal nervure
distinct and simple; the subcostal simple and rather attenuated
from the discal vein towards the base. The discal vein gives rise
to two nervules, and sends a false nervule through the disk towards
the base of the wing. The median subdivides into three equi-
distant nervules. |

Head rather small, smooth, free; without ocelli. Face rather

312 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

narrow, tapering, vertical. Hyes small, salient. Antenne slender,
with joints closely set, serrated beneath with scales. Palpi slender
cylindrical, curved, ascending rather above the middle of the front;
basal joint squamose ; middle and terminal joints smooth and equal
in length. Tongue about one-half as long as the body.

Body slender, scarcely equal in length to the fore wings. Pata-
gia scale-like. Abdomen slender, more than one-half as long as
the body beneath. Legs smooth and slender; fore tibiz with a
long, concealed internal spur; hind tibie with a pair of apical
spurs.

The wing structure of the insect included in this genus resembles
most strikingly that of the Zi’nerna, and must form a group con-

necting the Lithosides directly with it.

1. P. compta Clemens.

Palpi pale yellow, with the ends of the second and third joints
black. Head yellow, with a black spot between the antenne and
a black band across the face. Thorax reddish orange, with two
black spots in front; neck yellow, edged behind with blackish.
Fore wings reddish orange, with four bluish-black patches placed
transversely on the wing and containing yellow spots; the first at
the base; the second interior to the middle of the wing; the third
exterior to the middle, constricted toward the costa and connected
behind with the subterminal patch, which is constricted in the
middie. The hind wings are slightly hyaline; dark brown. |

Texas. Capt. Pope’s Coll. From the Smithsonian Institution.

CLEMENS.

Fam. ARCTIADAE.
Group Callimorphides.

Body slender, smooth or nearly smooth, much shorter
than the wings, either when folded or extended. Head
small, smooth, with ocelli. Fore wings elongate-trigonate ;
hind wings slightly diaphanous, ample, length equal to that
of the body, folded when at rest.

Hind wings neuration arctizeform; costal and subcostal
veins with a common origin nea* the middle of the disk;

DEIOPEIA. 313

subcostal bifid usually beyond the origin of the discal vein,
sometimes from the origin of it; discal vein simple angu-
lated. -Median 4-branched, with the three upper branches
_-more or less aggregated, and the fourth very remote from
them. ore wings with a secondary cell in the subcostal
system.

DEHIOPHIA Srepu.

Fore wings elongate-trigonate, length exceeding that of the
body by at least one-third; subcostal vein with a narrow cell
above the discal vein, with a single marginal branch arising inte-
_ viorly to it and one from its hinder apex; the subcostal vein con-
tinues towards the tip of the wing from the apex of the subcostal
cell subdividing into post-apical and apical branches, the latter
furcate. Discal vein, simple, angulated. Median 4-branched,
the posterior very remote from the other branches.

In the hind wings the subcostal vein is bifid from the origin of
the discal. :

Head small, smooth, with ocelli. Eyes prominent. Antenne
simple in each sex, rather short and slightly pilose beneath in the -
males. Palpi curved, ascending nearly to the middle of the face,
squamose, basal joint tumid, middle joint long, terminal joint

short, ovate. Tongue about equal to the thorax beneath.

1. D. bella Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 2, 884, 348, 399. Tinea bella Drury, I, 51,
pl. 24, f. 3.

Palpi white, with black tips. Head and thorax white, spotted
with black. ‘Thorax with an orange-yellow spot on each side in
front. Fore wings orange-yellow, with five or six white bands,
spotted in the middle with black, the last one furcate towards the
costa and the hind border spotted with black. Hind wings bright
red, with the hind margin bordered with a black, white-bordered,
indented band, which is furcate at the tip of the wing. The under
side of the wings is red; along the costa of the fore wings are
three equidistant black spots, an angulated black band, sometimes
interrupted, near the hinder margin, and a row of marginal black
spots; along the costa of the hind wings, beginning on the middle,

314 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

are two white-bordered black spots, and a furcate, white-bordered
black band on the margin similar to that on the upper surface.
Illinois, Texas (from Smithsonian Collection, Capt. Pope),

Florida, Nova Scotia.
CLEMENS.

2. D. speciosa Walker, 569.

White. Head and thorax with black spots. Thorax with a
red spot on each shoulder. Fore wings with alternate black and
red bands, the former macular, the latter angular and very varia-
ble as to breadth; under side deep red, with a few black spots.
Hind wings red; with two or three variable black white-bordered
spots in front and with a black border. .

West Indies.

’ WALKER.

SUPPLEMENT.

While the present compilation of the published North American Lepi-
doptera has been passing through the press, additional species have been
announced by authors, and others have been detected that had been pre-
viously overlooked ; some important rectifications of synonymy have also
been found necessary. With the view, therefore, of making the work as
complete as I can, to the end of the year 1861, I propose to combine in a
Supplement everything I can find bearing on the subject, not already pre-
sented in the preceding pages. This will include some species belonging
to families elaborated by Dr. Clemens, and which he has omitted from
their not having come under his observation, or from his not being satis-
fied with their exact position in the system. Je Gi M:

Fam. II. PIERIDAH, p. 15.

By 8. H. ScuppEr (in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. VIII, 1861, 178).

PIERIS Scur., p. 16.

P. oleracea Boisd. (p. 19 of the present work). Pontia casta Kirby, F.
Bor. Am. IV, 288, pl. 3, fig. 1 (p. 19). Pontia oleracea Harris, N.
- Eng. Farmer, VIII, 402, Ibid. Ins. Inj. Veg., lst ed. 213; 2d ed. 233,
Ibid. Agass. L. Sup. 386, pl. 7, fig. 1. Pieris cruciferarum Boisd. Spec.

Gen. 519.

The butterflies described by Harris, Boisduval, and Kirby, under
the above-mentioned names, are one and the same insect. It is
found inhabiting the northern and eastern portions of North Ame-
rica, reaching south but rarely as far as Pennsylvania, and extend-
ing to the east to Nova Scotia, west at least as far as Lake Supe-
rior, while to the North it is found up to Great Slave Lake, in the
Hudson’s Bay Company’s Territory, and even according to Kirby,

to lat. 65° N. on McKenzie River.
I have examined many specimens obtained by Mr. R. Kennicott
at different points in British America, from Lake Winnipeg to the
Great Slave Lake, and by Mr. Drexler upon the southeastern

316 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

shore of Hudson’s Bay, all of which were kindly placed in my hands
for examination by.W. H. Edwards, Esq., of Newburgh, N. Y.
I have also had before me in my comparisons specimens in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, from various
points in the northern United States, among which are those col-
lected by Professor Agassiz, on the north shore of Lake Superior ;
besides these, I have availed myself of my opportunities of study-
ing the specimens contained in the cabinet of the late Dr. Harris,
now in possession of this Society, and have, in addition, compared
with them specimens in my own collection, obtained in various
portions of the New England States.

I have never seen a perfectly white specimen of this insect; the
most immaculate ones I have examined had a few gray scales scat- |
tered about the base of the primaries and along the basal half of
the costal border, while beneath, the whole surface of the second-
aries was bathed with a scarcely perceptible tint of a pale-yellow-
ish color; from this limit every possible intermediate variation
may be found, in males and females equally, till it comes to have
an upper surface with obsolete spots similarly situated to those on
the upper surface of P. Rape of Europe, and the line along tlie
costal border extending sometimes, with much distinctness, beyond
the tip, nearly half way down the outer border; the upper surface
is also sometimes faintly tinged with pale-greenish yellow, the ex-
tremities of their nervules tipped with black, and the grayish scales
of the base extended into the secondaries; but upon the under
surface are found the widest limit of variation, for not only may
the tips of the primaries become distinctly greenish or lemon-
yellow, and the nervules at the apical portion, together with the
medial nervure, be somewhat heavily bordered with grayish scales,
but also the whdle surface of the secondaries may have its ground
color distinctly greenish or lemon-yellow, and all the nervures,
from origin to tip, very broadly and thickly bordered with grayish
scales, while a slender line of grayish scales—the continuation of
the third superior nervule—crosses the cell longitudinally; the
costal border also at base is colored with orange, and the inner
border at base with grayish scales; at the same time specimens are
found with the under surface of the secondaries having broadly bor-
dered nervures combined with a basal color of nearly pure white.

No possible step in the gradation from one extreme to the other
is wanting, and both extremes are found equally among numerous

PIERIS. 317

examples from as widely distant places as Massachusetts and the
Great Slave: Lake, though the suite of specimens with which I
have made my comparisons would seem to indicate that the paler
forms are more commonly met with in the more southern localities,
and the more heavily marked ones are the characteristic forms of
the north. It may be noticed in this connection that Kirby, by a
comparison between a single specimen from Massachusetts with
three from lat. 65° N., separated the northern from the southern

as being /ess heavily marked.
SCUDDER.

P. protodice Boisd. (p. 17). Scudder, Pr. Boston N. H. Soc. VIII,
1861, 180.

An examination of a large number of specimens in the collection
of the late Dr. Harris, in that of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, and in my own, has shown me that this butterfly also
enjoys a wide geographical range, extending from Texas on the
southwest, Missouri on the west, and the mouth of the Red River
of the North on the northwest, as far as Connecticut, and the
southern Atlantic States on the east.

Coincident with these widely separated geographical limits is its
wide range of variation, especially to be noticed on the under sur-
face of the secondaries, wherein it corresponds remarkably with
P. oleracea. On the one hand, we have secondaries which are
immaculate, save some scarcely perceptible yellow scales on the
discal nervule, bordered by a very few scattered gray scales, a
cluster of a few distant gray scales near the border, between the
first and second superior nervules, and a dozen or so, more widely
separated, similarly situated between the second and third, and the
edge of the wing light greenish-gray, with the fringe white. On
the other hand, we find greenish-gray scales spread quite heavily
along the borders of all the nervures, with the exception of the
basal half of the superior and first inferior nervules, which being
clustered together toward the border into arrow-head spots, and
uniting together at their widest portion, form a transverse zigzag
bar; in the place of the few grayish scales, between the first and
second superior nervules, we have a large spot of greenish-gray
extending across the first superior nervule to the border; a few
scales only border the anterior half of the third superior and first
inferior nervules, and the yellow scales of the discal nervule are

318 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

only slightly increased in number, though the scales which border
it make a large spot, and are generally deficient in the greenish
tinge; the narrow border is interrupted by the darker scales which
form the swollen tips of the arrow-head spots.

These extremes of variation I have found most generally in the
male; in the other sex, I have not seen any specimens which had
these wings so nearly immaculate as that first mentioned, the
nearest approach to it being in specimens which discover a few
scattered scales along the borders of the nervures, the cross-bar of
arrow-head spots, reduced to an indefinite indistinct zigzag band,
and the central spot of yellow, bordered with gray scales quite in-
distinct.

It may also be said of this-species, as of P. oleracea, that these
differences are observable equally in any locality in which the in-
sect may be found, and the gradation is complete, though I have
not as yet seen any heavily marked males from the extreme western
limit of their range, but all I have examined have been nearly
immaculate.

P. protodice is the American representative of the Huropean
daplidice, the Alpine callidice, the Siberian leucodrce, the South
American autodice, the Arabian glaweonome, and the South Afri-
can hellica. We have in temperate North America no represent-
ative of the European P. chlorodice.

In eastern Labrador there is a white butterfly, very closely allied
to, but yet distinct from P. oleracea. It was considered by Bois-
duval to be the same (see Spec. Gen. J, 518). Four specimens
were obtained by an expedition sent out in the summer of 1860,
by the Lyceum of Natural History in Williams College, to Labra-
dor and Greenland; they were collected by Mr. A. 8S. Packard,
Jr., cn Caribou Island, Straits of Belle Isle, and have been sent

me for examination with numerous other insects —it may be called
SCUDDER.

8. P. frigida Scudder. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 181.

Two of the specimens obtained were males and two females;
the shape of the secondaries of the male of jfrigida is as in the
female of oleracea, those of frigtda being proportionally narrower
across the hind margin, and broader across a line parallel to it,
near the base of wing, than in the same sex in oleracea; or in ©
other words, the secondaries of frégida are relatively more quad-

PIERIS. pin 319

rate, and those of oleracea more triangular ; the outer half of the
costal border of the secondaries is slightly more docked in frigida
than in oleracea; the dark narrow line which follows the costal
border of the primaries extends around over rather more than half
the outer border of the wing, while in oleracea it seldom extends
beyond the tip, and very rarely half way round the outer border;
the nervures on the under surface are more heavily marked than
in the darkest individuals of oleracea, though the markings are in
the same locality, such as the outer and uppermost nervules of the
primaries, the median nervure, the nervures of the secondaries,
except the discal, the inner margin next the base, and a band
crossing the cell, which is the extension of the third superior ner-
vule; the markings of the primaries are heaviest towards the outer
border, those of the secondaries away from it; the costal border
of the secondaries at base is slightly tinged with saffron; the color
of the under surface of the wings is slightly dirty white, tinted with
very pale greenish-yellow, especially noticeable on secondaries and
upper half of primaries; when any color is present on the prima-
ries of oleracea it is confined to the tip; it differs further from
oleracea in having the black scales at base of both wings above
more profuse and widely spread, frequently bordering the nervures
quite broadly; indeed grayish scales are more or less scattered
over the whole of the upper surface, giving the insect a grim ap-
pearance, increased rather than diminished by the slightest possible
yellowish tint.

By this description it would be exceedingly difficult to distin-
guish this species otherwise than by immediate comparison with
both sexes of oleracea; the differences are more easily to be seen
than described, though the extreme limits of variation of oleracea
do by no means permit us to include within its boundaries this
comparatively persistent form; it is more heavily marked than the
extreme of oleracea. ..

Eastern Labrador.
SCUDDER.

In order the better to compare together some of our species of
Pieris, I introduce here descriptions of some new species of this
genus from our western coast. —

320 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

9. P. venosa Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VII, Sept. 1861, 181.

Above, white tinted with very pale greenish-yellow; base of all
the wings black, and costal border of primaries with a biack band,
extending about half its length; extremities of upper nervules of
primaries broadly margined with black scales, with a spot of the
same color in the middle of the space between first and second
inferior nervules; a black dot at the tips of the nervules of second-
aries. ‘The female differs from the male in having nearly all the
nervures on upper side of primaries somewhat bordered with eray-
ish scales, and the extremities of the lower nervules almost equally
with the upper; but most characteristically by the presence of a
band of grayish scales along the posterior border of primaries,
which is bent abruptly upwards in the direction of the spot in the
space between first and second inferior nervules, and continues to
third inferior nervule, sometimes interrupted at the angle.

Beneath, as in the darker forms of P. oleracea, with the ground
color slightly more highly colored than the upper surface, the ner-
vures of the secondaries being heavily, and those of the primaries
more narrowly bordered with grayish scales, with a saffron-colored
spot at base of costa of secondaries.

Antenne black, with incomplete white annulations interrupted —
above; tip of club yellowish; body black, with whitish hairs be-
neath; the wings expand from 1.75 to 2 inches.

I have examined twenty specimens (5 2,15 &), brought to the
Museum of Comparative Zoology by Mr. Alexis Agassiz, from
San Mateo and Mendocino City, California.

[Doubleday in his Gen. Diurn. Lep. states that P. callidice Godt. is
_ found among the Rocky Mountains; Boisduval, in his Lep. de la Cali-
fornie, enumerates P. leucodice Eversmann among them, remarking that
his specimens “do not differ from individuals from Altai;” and lastly,
Ménétriés, in his St. Petersburg Catalogue, gives P. autodice Hiibn. as an
inhabitant of California. Since no description has been given in any of
these cases, and the insects themselves are so closely allied, one can
scarcely doubt that these entomologists had before them specimens of the
same Californian species. Among the large number of species from the
Pacific coast, which I have examined, I have never seen anything ap-
proaching near enough to either of these to warrant the positive assertion
that it was the species referred to by them. P. venosa is the most nearly
allied for which I cannot but think they have mistaken it, sad as the blunder
may be. P. callidice, leucodice, and autodice are represented by P. proto-
dice, belonging to an entirely different section of the genus from P. venosa. ]
ScUDDER.

PIERIS. 321

10. P. marginalis Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 183.

This species is most closely allied to the preceding P. venosa.
The ground color is as in venosa, but almost devoid of markings ;
base of all the wings black; costal border of primaries with a nar-
row black band, extending about half its length; a few grayish
scales at the tip of wings; outer edge of primaries, and posterior
edge of secondaries with a very fine black line, slightly swollen at
the tips of the nervures; fringe white; beneath as in P. venosa,
with the secondaries and apex of primaries more yellowish; males
and females alike in their markings.

Body black, with some white hairs above, and a considerable
number of yellowish white ones beneath; antenne as in P. venosa.
The wings expand two inches.

I have seen only two specimens (1 2, 1 ¢%) which are in the
Museum of Comparative Zoology. The female came from the Gulf
of Georgia, and the male from Crescent City, California. They

were obtained by Mr. Agassiz.
SCUDDER.

ll. P. pallida Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 183.

Above, very pale-yellowish, nearly white; base of both wings
and basal half of costal border of primaries dotted with grayish
scales; whole costal edge of primaries black; the male has, in ad-
dition, a band of grayish scales on the posterior border of prima-
ries as in the male of P. venosa, turned abruptly towards, and
sometimes interrupted at the angle, extending to the third inferior
nervule; and in the middle of the space between the first and
second inferior nervules, as in both sexes of P. wenosa, a cluster
of grayish scales.

Beneath, secondaries and apex of primaries yellowish, with some-
times a few indistinct grayish scales scattered along the nervures,
otherwise quite immaculate.

Body, above black, with scattered yellowish hairs; beneath yel-
low; antenne as in P. venosa. The wings expand two inches.

This species was obtained by Mr. Alex. Agassiz, at the Gulf of
Georgia. I have had before me five specimens (3 2,2 ¢), which

are in the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
SCUDDER.

399 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

12. P. tau Scudder. Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H. VIII, Sept. 1861, 183.

Above, pure white; costal border of primaries with a broad
black band, suddenly bending downwards and outwards, and fol-
lowing the discal nervule to its uttermost extremity, forming, with
the black body, an elegantly formed T; this band has a white
streak in it at the base; beyond the costal band, and connected
with it by the black edge of the costal border, is a large apical
spot, the inner edge of which runs parallel to the outer edge of the
extension of the costal band, till it reaches the first inferior ner-
vule, when it curves towards the base a short way, and again ex-
tending downwards, with an incurved border, reaches the second
inferior nervule, where it is rather abruptly broken; this spot has
three or four, sometimes five white, unequal, oval, sometimes round
spots, the largest nearest the apex; some blackish scales follow
the principal nervures of the secondaries for a short distance, and |
the tips of the nervures are sometimes black, otherwise there are>
no markings on the secondaries of the male, except the dusky re-
flection of the markings of the lower surface, which the transpa-
rency of the wing allows; the female, however, repeats slightly at
the outer angle the markings of the lower surface.

Beneath, pure white; the markings of the upper surface of the
primaries are repeated, with the white spots and streaks slightly
enlarged and increased; the nervures of the secondaries are all
narrowly bordered with blackish scales, which expand at the tips ;
commencing at the termination of the first superior nervule, a sub-
marginal narrow band approximately follows the curve of the
margin, is bent at the third superior nervule, and extends to the
inner angle.

Labial palpi with mingled black and white hairs; antenne
black, with white scales scattered irregularly over the sides and
under surface, as far as the club. Body black, with whitish hairs,
especially below. The wings*expand two inches.

It represents in Washington Territory the P. ststmbriz Boisd.
of California. A large number of specimens are in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, obtained by Mr. A. Agassiz at the Gulf
of Georgia.

The distinction I have made between males and females in the
foregoing descriptions, is founded upon characters which I first
noticed by comparing together the two sexes of P. protodice, a
species whose sexes have been known for a long time, and which

PIERIS. 4 323

are easily distinguished by their markings. On placing together,
side by side, series of males and females of this species, it was dis-
covered that there was a sexual distinction in the ewt of the hind
margin of the secondaries; it consists in the female having the
outer angle more prominent, and so the whole hind margin less
regularly curved, or, as it might be expressed, more flattened—
these differences, though slight and requiring a careful examina-
tion, hold persistently in all species of Pzerzs I have examined. I
have in several cases tested it carefully, by separating, upon this
characteristic, the specimens of those species which exhibit two
classes of individuals with distinct markings, and have in all cases
found the markings to be coincident unequivocally with the cut of
the wing. It will be seen, however, that in all the species it does
not hold, as in P. protodice, that the female is the darkest.

Two of the species I have described from Western America, P.
venosa and P. pallida, represent respectively the P. napi and P.
rape of Europe. It will be noticed in the European species that
each has the same plan of ornamentation upon the upper surface
of primaries, namely, a large apical and small submarginal central
spot, and that the peculiar distinction between the two is found in
the presence or absence of the dark scales bordering the nervures
of the secondaries. Just so is it in the Western American species,
separated most characteristically from one another by the same
distinction in the under surface of the secondaries, and linked to-
gether in the same way by certain characters of ornamentation
(which, however, are not borrowed from its European congeners),
that is, by the presence in the males of the bent band of the inner
margin of primaries, and a small submarginal central spot. But
when we turn to Eastern America we find this striking circum-
stance, that P. oleracea, within its own wide range of variation
represents both P. rape and napt of Europe, and both, P. pallida
and venosa of the Pacific coast ;—and what do we discover here,
but that, discarding the strict lines of demarcation which separate
alike P. rape and napi and P. pallida and venosa, it follows in-
stead, with remarkable similarity, the range of variation discover-
able in P. protodice, as before described, a species much farther
removed from it in the genus than are they, thus simulating rather
its geographical neighbor than its nearest congeners.

P. frigida and P. marginalis appear to have no true represen-.

tatives.
SCUDDER.

324 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Fam. V. NYMPHALIDALE, p. 40.
By W. H. Epwarps (in Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861).

MELITZiA Fas. p. 50.
7. M. mylitta Edwards.

Male. Upper side fulvous; fringe of primaries alternately black
and white, of secondaries white; on hind margin of primaries a
broad black border, in which is a series of fulvous lunules, the
middle one largest and projecting, preceded by a sinuous row of
round fulvous spots which increase in size towards the inner mar-
gin; next, a fulvous band, the upper half of which intersects the
preceding row at the fifth spot, making it appear bifid on the costal
margin; this band is edged anteriorly by a black line which is
dilated on costal and on inner margin; on the distal are a fulvous
streak entirely edged with black; base of both wings covered by
- wavy confluent black lines, as in Tharos.

Secondaries have a narrow black marginal border, on the ante-
rior edge of which is a row of fulvous lunules, the one next the
anal angle bisected longitudinally by a black line; above these a
row of black dots, the one in the anal angle oblong; on the costal
margin near the outer angle a black patch, from which an inter-
rupted dark line crosses the wing to near the abdominal margin.

Under side: primaries pale fulvous, clouded with yellowish on
the apex and hind margin; the black markings on the disk of
upper side indicated below from the transparency of the wing; a
black patch near the inner angle, a faint black streak on costal
margin, and another on inner margin corresponding with the
dilated extremities of the line above; both wings bordered by
lunules. :

Secondaries yellowish, clouded with brown on the disk and on
the hind margin; the middle lunule white and arrow-shaped, those
next the angles yellowish, the others dark brown; a row of brown |
points corresponding with the spots above; across the middle of
the wing an irregular band of yellowish white edged with ferrugi-
nous; next the base several white or yellow-white spots edged with
ferruginous. —

Female. One third larger than the male, which it resembles ;
the marginal spots and transverse band on primaries are of lighter

MELITA@A. Sao

color, the latter tawny; the marginal lunules on secondaries are
tawny; beneath, the lunules next the inner angles of secondaries
are silver white, as are the band and the spots next the base; near
the apex of primaries are four or five small silver spots. Expands
1.2 inch.

Texas, Kansas, California.

This species appears to vary widely in color. Individuals are
found blackish instead of fulvous, the wavy lines near the base lost
in the uniform shade. The marginal spots and band are light
colored, nearly yellow, but disposed as in the type above described ;

the under side exhibits little variation.
- EDWARDS.

8. M. minuta Hdwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Upper side orange fulvous; a narrow black border upon the
hind margin of both wings, within which is a series of fulvous
lunules; preceding the black border a narrow common fulvous
band edged anteriorly with black, and inclosing on costal margin
of primaries a transverse row of four obsolete white spots; from
this band to the base both wings are marked by transverse, undu-
lated black lines; base clouded with brown; costa of primaries
brown ; fringe white, cut with black at the intersection of the
nervures.

Under side orange, brighter on secondaries; a narrow white
border on the hind margin of both wings; anterior to this a series
of white lunules, each edged with black; on costal margin of pri-
maries a transverse row of four white spots; beyond this to the
base black markings as on upper side; on secondaries the lunules
are preceded by an immaculate orange band, beyond which is a
broad transverse white band, containing three rows of black spots,
somewhat irregularly placed, and mostly oblong; some of the
middle row circular; another irregular white band crosses the
wing towards the base, edged with black spots; at the base a
white spot edged with black. Expands 1.4 inch.

Texas.

EDWARDS.
9. M. nycteis Doubleday. Figured in Doubl. & Hewitson, pl. 23.

Male.—Upper side tawny; fringe long, with alternate bars of
black and white; primaries next the base crossed by black undu-
lated lines edged without by a zigzag black band which is dilated
on the costal and on the inner margin; a broad black border on

326 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

hind margin and apex, within which, along the margin is an inter-
rupted series of points, the middle one lunular, the two next the
apex white, the others tawny; preceding these a transverse sinu-
ous row of small spots, nearly round, tawny, except the two on
the costal margin, which are white and minute; between the black
border and the zigzag band a broad sinuous tawny band common
to both wings.

Secondaries next the base greenish-black, lightly sprinkled with
tawny atoms, and marked by two or three patches of same color, —
the outline less irregular than on primaries; on hind margin a
narrow black border, which extends also along the costal margin
to the common tawny band; from its anterior edge on the costa,
a wavy black line crosses the disk and terminates inside the abdo-
minal margin; upon the hind margin a series of yellow lunules, ~
the third from the anal angle largest and projected; above these a
broad tawny band, edged anteriorly by the wavy black line, in-
closes a row of six black spots, the middle one largest, the one in
the anal angle long; abdominal margin paler than disk.

Under side: primaries tawny, next the base showing faintly the
black markings of the upper side; a small patch of black on inner
margin; hind margin and apex pale brown, clouded and spotted
on the apex with white; a marginal series of arrow-shaped spots
of yellowish-white, the third from the inner angle and two next
the apex largest ; anterior to these, the transverse row of spots on
upper side is reproduced faintly ; secondaries pale brown, clouded
in the disk and on hind margin with black; a marginal series of
unequal silver lunules; above these a row of six black spots edged
with yellow, the first next the costa nearly obsolete, the second
and third round, the fourth and fifth semi-oval, and the sixth long;
the fourth faintly pupilled with white; across the middle of the
wing an irregular silver band, and between this and the base seve-
ral silver spots, all edged with dark brown; within the cell two
small yellow spots; body above greenish-black, beneath white ;
antennz brown, annulated with white; club reddish-brown.

Female. One-third larger than male, which it closely resembles ;
the marginal spots on primaries beneath are long and attenuated ;
the silver lunules of secondaries take the form of a deeply crenated
band; a distinct silver pupil in the fourth black spot. Expands
1.4 inch.

Illinois, Missouri.
EDWARDS.

LIMENITIS—SATYRUS. B21

LIMENITIS Fas. Nymphalis Latr. p. 64.
5. I. weidemeyerii Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side brownish-black, with a broad common white
band a little beyond the middle, making an obtuse angle within on
the primaries and tapering towards the abdominal margin of
secondaries, divided into long spots by the nervures; posterior to
this band on secondaries an obsolete row of fulvous spots; within
the hind margin of both wings a series of small white spots, mi-

_nute on secondaries; between these and the band on costal margin
of primaries a short transverse row of four white spots, the second
largest, the fourth minute ; crenations white. |

Under side paler, with a common white band and four white
spots on primaries as above ; on secondaries a row of fulvous spots
posterior to the band; a little within the hind margin of both
wings a series of large lunules cut transversely and unequally by a
crenated black line parallel to the margin ; these lunules are bluish-
white except towards apex of primaries, where the inner row is
white; on primaries a narrow ferruginous band upon the discal
are, followed within the cell successively by blue atoms, a bluish-
white band and a ferruginous band, both narrow, transverse, and
oblique; next the base blue atoms; costa ferruginous ; on second-
aries the broad abdominal margin is bluish-white; the entire space
between the band and the base is striped transversely with white
and bluish-white, divided into spots by the nervures, with ferrugi-
nous lines between the stripes; costa white; body above black;
beneath white, with a black stripe along the side of abdomen;
palpi and legs white; antenne and club brownish-black. Expands
2.6 inch.

Rocky Mountains.

EDWARDS.

Fam. SATYRIDAEH, p. 70.

SATYRUS Fas. p. 76.
5. S. sylvestris Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side brown; fringe same color; behind and along
the discal cell of primaries a dark patch extending from the base
half sway to the apex; near the apex a small round black spot
with a faint iris; a black point near the inner angle. Under side

328 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

paler; primaries with a tinge of yellow; two ocelli corresponding
to the spots above, the larger next the apex, each with white
pupils and yellow iris; the disks of both wings finely streaked with
dark brown; a dark line parallel to and near the hind margin of
primaries; on secondaries are two dots—a white one in the anal
angle, a dark one near the apex.

Female. Same size as the male, a little lighter color; near the
apex of primaries a single spot; the dark patch as in the male;
on the under side two dots near the anal angle of secondaries.
Expands 1.9 inch.

California.
EDWARDS.

COENONYMPHA, p. 80.
3. C. inornata Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side ochrey brown, lighter in the disk of all the
wings; costal margin of primaries and abdominal margin of
secondaries grayish; no spots above or below; fringe gray,
crossed by a darker line.

Under side: primaries same color as above from the base to -
beyond the middle; then a transverse sinuous ray of paler color,
and beyond this to hind margin grayish; sometimes this ray dis-
appears, the basal color extending nearly to the apex ; secondaries
gray, with a slight greenish tinge, darker from base to middle, and
this shade separated from the paler margin by a transverse, tortu-
ous, interrupted ray, the course of which is parallel to the hind
margin.

Female. Wholly dull ochrey yellow, marked as the male. Ex-
pands 1.4 inch.

Lake Winnipeg.

EDWARDS.

4. C. ochracea Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side entirely of a bright, glossy ochre yellow, with-
out any spot or mark, except what is caused by the transparency
of the wings; base of both wings dark gray; abdominal margin
of secondaries pale gray; fringe pale gray, crossed by a darker
line.

Under side: primaries same color as above; costal margin, apex
and base grayish; near the apex a round, sometimes rounded-

LYCAENA. 329

oblong, black spot with white pupil and pale yellow iris; this is
preceded by an abbreviated, pale yellow, transverse ray.

Secondaries light reddish-brown, grayish along the hind margin;
abdominal margin and base dark gray; near the hind margin and
parallel to it is a series of six black dots, sometimes obsolete,
usually with white pupil and broad yellow iris; near the base two
irregular pale brown spots, and midway between the base and the
hind margin a sinuous, interrupted ray of same color, extending
nearly across the wing.

Female. Like the male. Expands 1.4 to 1.6 inch.

Lake Winnipeg; Kansas; California.

EDWARDS.

Fam. VIII. LYC4NIDAB, p. 81.

LYCZiNA Ocus. (Thecla Fab.) p. 11.
26. L. anna Edwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side violet-blue with a pink tinge, brighter at the
base and on costal margin of primaries; hind margin of both
wings narrowly edged with black, which in the primaries extends
slightly along the nervures and the costal margin ; fringe white.

Under side grayish-white with a tinge of blue at the base; pri-
maries with a discal streak, followed by a transverse series of six
small black spots, the one next the inner angle double, and the
fifth largest; both wings bordered by rusty spots surmounted by
black crescents, the four or five nearest the anal angle powdered
posteriorly with silver atoms; secondaries have three small spots
near the base, an obsolete discal spot, and a transverse series of
eight small spots in a double unequal curve.

Female. Upper side light brown, with an obsolete discal spot
on primaries; hind margin of both wings bordered by a series of
fulvous crescents, which in the secondaries partly inclose spots of
dark brown. Under side fawn-colored, marked as in the male.
Expands 1.3 inch.

California.
EDWARDs.

27. GL. acudderii Kdwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. In size, form and color, resembles egon of Europe.
Upper side dark violet blue; hind margin of both wings and cos-

330 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

tal margin of secondaries edged with black; costal margin of pri-
maries has a fine black border; fringe white.

Under side dark gray ; primaries have an oval black discal spot,
a transverse, tortuous series of six black spots, all edged with white,
the one next the inner angle double, the fifth twice as long as the
others; on the hind margin a double series of faint spots; second-
aries with four black spots near the base, one being very close to
the inner margin, and minute; a discal streak and a series of eight |
spots in a double unequal curve, all of which, as well as the basal
spots, are edged with white; a marginal series of six or seven
metallic spots, each surmounted by a spot of fulvous, which is
bordered anteriorly by a dark crescent; these metallic spots are
edged posteriorly and sometimes replaced by black; ends of nerv-
ures expanded into small black spots.

Female. Upper side brown, with a black discal spot on prima-
ries ; secondaries with a marginal row of obsolete spots surmounted
by grayish crescents. Under side pale buff; primaries as in the
male, except that the discal spot is preceded by a small double
spot, and all the spots are larger; on the secondaries the spots are
less distinct, and some of them wanting; the transverse series is
set in a band of white; marginal spots without the metallic gloss.
Expands 1.1 inch.

Lake Winnipeg.

EDWARDS.
28. L. fuliginosa Hdwards. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1861.

Male. Upper side entirely blackish-brown; fringe lighter.
Under side light brown, with a dark discal spot and a double row
of rusty points parallel to the hind margin of both wings, the
outer row on primaries obsolete. .

Female. A little larger, of lighter color both above and below,
but similarly marked. Expands 1.3 inch.

California.
EpwARDs.

Fam. VI. AGERIADAE, Harris, p. 137.

TROCHILIUM, p. 137.
13. T. acerni Clemens. Proc. A. N. 8. for 1860, p. 14.
Both wings transparent. Antenne little thickened at the tips.

- TROCHILIUM. 331

Abdomen sessile, tufted at the tip. Hind tarsi very slender and
smooth, as long as the tibie.

Head and labial palpi deep reddish-orange, the former white in
front of the eyes. Antenne bluish-black, the basal joint reddish-
orange in front. Thorax ochreous yellow, with the tegule in front
touched with pale bluish-black. Abdomen bluish-black, varied
with ochreous yellow; terminal tuft deep reddish-orange. Fore
wings with the margins and median nervure bluish-black, dusted
with yellowish; a large discal, bluish-black patch; terminal por-
tion of the wing ochreous yellow, with a blackish subterminal
band, and the nervules blackish; the hinder margin bluish-black
and the cilia deep fuscous. Hind wings with a black discal patch ;
nervules blackish, and hinder margin blackish. Under surface of
the body ochreous yellow, with a bluish-black patch on each side
of the second abdominal segment. The middle and posterior
tibiee annulated with bluish-black at their ends; the anterior
blackish, with the coxee touched with reddish-orange. All the
tarsi touched with blackish above. The larva bores the trunk of
the maple.

Northern States.
CLEMENS.

Group Paranthrene.
14. T. bassiformis Walker. C.B.-M. VIII. 39.

Male. Black. Head with red hairs behind. Palpi red, with
some black hairs beneath. Antenne red, minutely pectinated,
very slightly thickened towards the tips, very much longer than
thé thorax. Thorax with two testaceous (?) stripes. Abdomen
with testaceous (?) dorsal spots, much narrower than that of P.
vespiformis. Posterior tibiz with a single testaceous band; fore
tibize and anterior tarsi red; hind tibiz and hind tarsi much longer
than those of 4. vespiformis; hind tarsi testaceous. Fore wings
purplish, with a limpid basil stripe, and with a reddish: streak in
front. Hind wings limpid, with a lurid tinge; ciliz cupreous.
Length of the body 64 lines; of the wings 12 lines.

United States.

; WALKER.
15. T. pyramidalis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 40.

Male. Black. Head with yellow hairs about the eyes. Palpi
yellow beneath; third joint elongate-conical, much less than half

3a2 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the length of the second. Antenne rather stout, almost filiform,
slightly pectinated, ferruginous beneath, very much longer than
the thorax. Thorax with two yellow spots on each side, one at
the base of the fore-wing and one in front. Abdominal segments
with yellow bands, which are broadest and most distinct beneath. —
Legs with whitish stripes. Wings limpid with blackish cupreous
ciliz. Fore wings blackish cupreous along the costa and at the
tips, and with a blackish cupreous band, which is slightly bordered
with red; a red line along the hind border. Length of the body
53—6 lines; of the wings 9—11 lines.
St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay.

WALKER.

Group Bembecia.
16. T. odyneripennis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 42.

Female, Dark brown, slightly cupreous. Head whitish about
the eyes. Palpi yellow, obliquely ascending, not long. Antenne
bluish-black, simple, subfiliform, rather stout, very little longer
than the thorax. Thorax with three yellow spots on each side.
Abdomen with a yellow band on the hind border of each segment.
Legs yellow; femora striped with brown. Wings limpid, with
cupreous cilia. Fore wings cupreous along the costa and at the
tips, and with the usual band of the same hue. Length of the
body 54—65 lines; of the wings 11—13 lines.

Nova Scotia. ,
WALKER.

17. T. emphytiformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 43.

Male. Purplish black. Head with white hairs in front. Palpi .
thickly clothed beneath with rather long brown and tawny hairs.
Antenne ferruginous. Thorax with a yellow band in front, and
with a yellow spot at the base of each fore wing, and one at the
tip of the scutellum. Abdomen with a yellow band on each seg-
ment; apical tuft black, with a few yellow hairs. Legs red, partly
yellow; femora black; tibiee with black stripes. Wings purplish
cupreous. Fore wings yellow and partly red in the disk, which is
interrupted by the usual band. Hind wings slightly streaked with
red, limpid towards the base. Length of the body 5 lines; of the
wings 10 lines. Hemale. Head yellow in front and along the hind
border. Palpi yellow, clothed beneath with reddish hairs. An-

TROCHILIUM. 333

tenne red, blackish towards the tips. Apical tuft of the abdo-
men luteous, with a few black hairs on each side. Tibize wholly
red. Fore wings with red disks. Hind wings mostly red along
the borders.

In this species and in the 4. Odyneripennis the antenne of the
male are more deeply pectinated than in the European species of
the group Bembecia.

United States.

WALKER.
18. T. pyralidiformis Walker. C. B.M. VIII. 44.

Female. Cupreous brown. Head with yellow hairs about the
eyes. Palpi yellow, slender. Antenne slender, subclavate, very
much longer than the thorax. Pectus with a yellow stripe on each
side. Abdomen with a yellow band at the middle of its length.
Hind tibiz mostly yellow; hind tarsi whitish. Fore wings cupre-
ous-brown, with a yellowish basal streak on the under side. Hind
wings limpid, with cupreous-brown ciliz. Length of the body 4
lines; of the wings 8 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

Group Conopia.
19. T. sapygeeformis Walker. C. B.M. VIII. 45.

Male. Bluish-black. Head with red hairs behind. Palpi red,
black above towards the base. Antenne serrated and pubescent
beneath, very much shorter than those of the European Conopie.
Abdomen with a slight red band at the base; segments from the
fifth to the eighth red; apical tuft blue. Anterior tibie tawny ;
hind tibize with red tips; tarsi mostly testaceous. Wings with
cupreous ciliz. Fore wings blue, purple towards the tips, with a
red discal streak, behind which there is a limpid streak. Hind
wings limpid. Length of the body 4 lines; of the wings 8 lines.

This species differs much from the typical form of Conopia, and
somewhat approaches Pyropteron.

United States.

WALKER.
20. T. geliformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 46.

Male. Black. Head white on each side in front. Palpi almost
bare; third joint lanceolate, rather less than half the length of the

334 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

second. Antenne bluish-black, simple, ferruginous beneath and
slightly thicker towards the tips, about twice the length of the
thorax. Abdomen red, black at the base; apical tuft bluish-
black; red towards the base. Fore wings bluish-black. Hind
wings limpid, with blackish tips and hind borders. Length of the
body 3 lines; of the wings 6 lines.

United States.

WALKER.

SANNENA WALKER.

-Male. Body rather stout. Proboscis almost obsolete. Palpi
slender, curved, acuminated, obliquely ascending, almost bare;
third joint very slender, just half the length of the second. An-
tenne filiform, simple, rather slender, acuminated at the tips, nearly
twice the length of the thorax. Abdomen about twice the length
of the thorax. Legs slender; hind tibize long and stout, some-
what pilose, as is also the hind metatarsus. Wings narrow,
opaque, squamous. Hind wings limpid at the base. emale ?
Palpi a little stouter than those of the male; third joint shorter
and stouter.. Antenne like those of the male. Abdomen about
twice the length of the thorax. Hind tibie more slender and
much shorter than those of the male; hind metatarsus slender,
not pilose. Fore wings opaque. Hind wings limpid, opaque at
the base.

1. S. uroceriformis Walker. C. B. M. VIII. 64.

Male. Bluish-black. Head reddish behind. Palpi reddish,
black towards the tips above. Thorax somewhat ferruginous.
Abdomen with a broad orange band on the fourth segment.
Wings metallic green, mingled with blue and purple; ciliz cupre-
ous. Hind wings limpid at the base. Length of the body 7
lines; of the wings 14 lines. Memale? Head and palpi black.
Antenne whitish at the base. Abdomen with a red band.
Wings with black cilia. Hind wings limpid, bluish-black at the
base. Length of the body 9 lines; of the wings 14 lines.

United States.
WALKER.

TROCHILIUM. 335

MELITTIA WALKER.

Body rather stout. Proboseis elongated. Palpi moderately
long, slightly pilose; third joint lanceolate, hardly half the length
of the second. Antenne subclavate or clavate, rather longer than
the thorax. Abdomen oblanceolate, much longer than the thorax.
Legs stout ; hind legs most densely pilose, with long hairs, which
extend nearly to the tips of the tarsi. Wings hyaline, rather nar-
row. Fore wings occasionally opaque; fourth inferior vein not
very remote from the third, which is near to the first and to the
second.

North America.

1. M. ceto Walker. C.B.M. VIII. 66.

Aurato-viridis; caput antice et apud oculos album; palpi lutei,
basi albi; abdomen rufum maculis dorsalibus nigris, subtus lu-
teum; pedes rufi, nigro albo que varii; alz antice aurato-virides;
posticee limpide.

United States.

WALKER.

Var.? Olivacea; palpi pallide flavi, fasiculo subapicali nigro ;
antenne viridi-nigre; abdomen ochraceum, fascia basali maculis
que dorsalibus nigris; pedes postici pilis extus ochraceis intus
nigris dense herti; alee antice olivaceo-fuscee opace, postice lim-
pide fusco marginate.

Massachusetts.

WALKER.

2. M? flavitibia Walker. C.B.M. VIII. Trochilium tibiale Harris. Am.
Journ. Sci. XXXVI.

Fusesceus ; caput apud oculos flavum; antenne nigre ; thorax
flavo bivittatus; abdominis segmenta flavo marginata; tibie flave,
postice pilis flavis dense vestitee; ale limpide, antice marginibus
fascia que abbreviata pallide fuscis.

New Hampshire.

WALKER.

336 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Fam. XI. NOTODONTIDAH, p. 238.

HETEROCAMPA.
3. H. semiplaga Walker. Canadian Naturalist, 1861.

Male and Female. Cinereous, thickly pilose, with a slight olive-
green tinge, whitish-cinereous beneath. Palpi distinct, obliquely
ascending, not extending beyond the frontal tuft. Thorax by the
hind border and abdomen at the base black. Wings partly clouded
with black, adorned with three indistinct irregular denticulated
black lines; marginal line black; fringe with black points. Fore
wings somewhat rounded at the tips, with a submarginal line of
black dots. J/ale. Antenne tawny, moderately pectinated to three-
fourths of the length. emale. Antenne simple. Length of the
body 9 lines; of the wings 20 lines.

Township of Montcalm, Canada.
WALKER.

Fam. XII. ARCTIADAH, p. 248.

ARCTIA Scar.

Stature robust. Head and thorax with long hairs. Tongue
usually very short. Palpi porrect, short, very hairy; first article
longer than the second; the third subacute. Antenne slender,
rather long. Thorax not crested. Abdomen annulate, robust.
Male. Antenne pectinate. emale. Antenne serrate, sometimes
pectinate. Hind tibize with four spurs; fore tibize simple. Colors
and markings different ; primaries dark, sometimes white, gray, or
yellow, or with bright spots or streaks; secondaries with dark
spots on a lighter ground. Secondaries with eight veins. Flight

nocturnal. JLarve solitary.

1. A. americana Harris. Figured in Agassiz’ Lake Superior, pl. 7, fig. 5.

Head. brown; antenne white above, with brown pectinations.
Thorax brown above, margined before with an arcuated yellowish-
white band, which is continued on the outer edge of the shoulder
covers; upper edge of the collar crimson-red. Primaries coffee-
brown, with three yellowish-white spots on the outer edge, and

ARCTIA. 3a7

crossed by irregular anastomosing yellowish-white lines. Seconda-
ries bright ochre-yellow, with a large reniform central black spot,
two round black spots behind, a third smaller spot near the anal
angle, and a black dot between the middle and inner margin.
Abdomen tawny, with four blackish dorsal spots. Legs dusky ;
thighs and anterior tibie fringed with red hairs; hindmost tarsi
whitish, annulated with black.

Lake Superior.
HARRIS.

2. A. parthenos Harris. Figured in Agassiz’ Lake Superior, pl. 7.

- Head brown, with a crimson fringe above and between the black
antenne. Thorax brown above, margined before with an arcuated
cream-colored band, which is continued on each side of the outer
edge of the shoulder covers; upper edge of the collar crimson red.
Primaries dusky brown, with three small cream-colored spots on
the outer edge; four spots of the same color in a line near the
inner margin, and several more scattered on the disk. Secondaries
deep ochre-yellow, with the base, the basal edge of the inner mar-
gin, a triangular spot in the middle, adjoining the basal spot and
a broad indented band behind, black. Abdomen dusky above,
tawny at the tip and beneath. Legs dusky, thighs and tibiz
fringed with crimson hairs.

Lake Superior. .

HARRIS.

3. A. placentia Abbot. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 65.

Fuscous; primaries with one or three pale testaceous spots;
secondaries reddish, margin and some submarginal spots fuscous ;
abdomen above reddish, with the dorsal spots and apex fuscous.

Var. a. Fore wings with the outer fringe partly pale testaceous;
and with several spots and dots of the same color in the disk.

Var. b, Fore wings with the outer fringe wholly blackish-brown,
unspotted, except two very minute testaceous dots.

North America.

4, A. virginalis Boisd. Ann. Soc: Ent. 2me sér. X, 321.

Upper side black, with about twenty yellow spots on the prima-
ries. Secondaries fulvous, with three bands and the principal
nerves black ; the band of the extremity incomplete, ending before
reaching the anal angle ; sometimes all the bands are united by

338 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the nerves, the ground is then black, with fulvous squares. Head
fulvous; thorax black, with the shoulders yellow; scutellum ful-
vous ; body fulvous above, with black rings, bluish-black below.
Under side of the secondaries as above. Under side of the pri-
maries with the spots at the base and of the middle fulvous.

San Francisco.
Boisp.

5. A. virgo Sm. Abb. Var. Callimorpha parthenice Kirby. Figured in
Sm. Abb. pl. 62; Naturalist’s Lib. vol. 36, pl. 19. Var. in Faun.
Bor. Amer. IV, pl. 5.

Primaries carneous, fading to reddish buff, and covered with
many stripes and lance-shaped spots of black; secondaries ver-
milion-red, with several large angular spots towards the posterior
margin. Antenne ferruginous; thorax fulvous, with three broad
black stripes and two small black spots over the eyes. Under side
of the abdomen black; upper side vermilion red, with a row of
black spots close together along the top of the back. Larva
brown, rather thickly covered with tufts of brown hair.

Var.? Thorax carneous with five black spots; primaries black,
with pale carneous streaks; secondaries reddish, with five black
spots.

United States.

Nav. LIBRARY.

6. A. virguncula Airby. Figured in Faun. Bor. Amer. IV, pl. 4.

Head pallid ; orbit of the eyes and mouth black; antenne black,
serrato-pennate ; thorax pallid with five lanceolate black spots ;
the posterior ones being the largest; primaries black with pallid
rivulets, which are formed by the scales that clothe the nervures,
and produce the rays at the apex of these wings, when the lines
are traversed by a transverse, angulated band; underneath they
are pale, with the black points less distinct, except at the apex; a
black spot in the disk near the costal margin; the secondaries are
orange-tawny, spotted at the apex with black; abdomen tawny
above, below pale, with a dorsal and on each side a double lateral
black macular stripe; trunk underneath black, with pale hairs,
intermixed; legs black; tibize pale above; thighs with a pale
spot at the base and apex.

Canada.
KIRBY.

ARCTTA. 339

7. A.nais Drury. Figured in Drury, pl. 7.

Antenne black and pectinated. Head and body light yellowish-
brown. Thorax with three black longitudinal marks, and several
spots on the abdomen. Primaries black, with broad ochre stripes,
the second furcate ; ciliz light yellowish-brown ; secondaries light
yellowish or ochre brown, with a faint black spot on each and a
broad irregular border of a dusky-black running along the external
edges, but narrow in the middle. Wings entire. Under side paler.

Var. a. Male. Fore stripe of the primaries not joining the
costa.

Var. 6. Male. Tnner border of the secondaries reddish.

Var. c. Male, Primaries with no pale oblique band towards
the tips.

Var. d. Female. Like Var. c. Secondaries red, with broad
blackish borders. Abdomen wholly brown, except on each side
above towards the base.

Var. e. Female. Primaries with testaceous veins; fore stripe
and part of the middle stripe almost obsolete.

United States.

WESTWOOD.

8. A. phyllira Drury. Figured in Drury I, pl. 7; Sm. Abb. II, pl. 64.

Primaries black, ciliz cream-color; margin next the body cream-
color; one longitudinal line, two transverse lines and near the
tip two zigzag lines, forming a YW of buff. Secondaries red, with
four black spots. Margins black.

United States.

HARRIS.
9. A. parthenice Kirby. Var. A. virgo.

Antenne black pectinated ; thorax flesh-colored, with two ante-
rior and three posterior oblong black spots, the latter being the
largest ; primaries black, with the so-called rivulets pale, with a
slight pinkish tint; the main streams, especially towards the apex,
form several islets, most of which are divided by slender ones which
do not appear on the under side ; the secondaries are of the color
of red lead, with five black spots towards the posterior margin,
the intermediate three forming a macular band above which is one
smaller, and below it another. Underneath, also, a small spot at
the costal margin above the other.

Canada.
KIRRY.

340 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

10. A. dione Hiibn. Fab., 5m. Abb. <Arge Drury. Figured in Drury,
I, pl. 18; Sm. Abb. pl. 63; Naturalist’s Library, vol. 36, pl. 19.

Ground color of primaries and thorax cream-color, sometimes
delicate pink ; surface variegated with numerous black lines and
angular spots. Secondaries cream-color or tinged with red, with
a fulvous marginal line and many oblong black spots behind.
Antenne black at the extremities; neck red, with two small black
streaks above it; thorax with a black stripe in the centre and
another on each side; abdomen with three rows of black spots,
those along the back being largest. Anterior femurs red, with
two black spots close to the head. .

Var, a, Primaries reddish-white, with cuneiform black spots.
Secondaries red, with black yellow bordered spots.

Var. 6. Spots of the primaries much larger and forming a
stripe toward the hind border.

Var. c. Spots of the primaries still larger and more inclined to
form stripes. Spots of the secondaries without yellow borders.

Var. d. Secondaries whitish, spots small and without yellow
borders.

Larva dark brown, with five pale or yellow longitudinal stripes,
each segment bearing a transverse row of fulvous tubercles, from
which spring a dense tuft of brown hairs.

United States.

Nat. LIBRARY.

ll. A. hyperborea Curtis. C. B. M. 611.

uscous; primari i sterior vitta inter-
F S; primaries with a costal spot and posterior vitta inter
rupted with rust-red; secondaries fuscous, with a band unimacu-
late and margin ochry. —

Arctic America.
WALKER.

12. A. isabella Hiibn. Figured in Sm. Abb. II, pl. 68.

Antenne filiform, tawny-yellow. Thorax tawny and brownish.
Abdomen tawny, deeper color beneath; three rows of black spots,
six or seven in each row. Primaries tawny, with a few black
scattering spots. Secondaries nearly transparent, slightly tawny,
with six spots; legs black or dark brown.

United States.
Sm. ABBOT.

ARCTIA, 341

13. A. gelida Méesch. C. B.M. 611.

Black, thorax bivittate with yellow; sides of the abdomen
yellow, spotted with black; primaries yellowish, with black an-
gular spots; secondaries subcinereous.

Labrador.

WALKER.

14. A. rubricosa Harris. Ins. Mass. 253.

Primaries reddish-brown, almost transparent, with a small black
spot near the middle; secondaries dusky, becoming blacker behind
(more rarely red with a broad blackish border behind), with two
black dots near the middle; the inner margin next to the body
and the fringe, reddish ; thorax reddish-brown ; abdomen cinnabar
red, with a row of black dots on the top and another row on each
side. Expands an inch and a quarter.

Massachusetts.
HARRIS.

15. A. dahurica Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 321. Figured in
Boisd. Icon. Hist. Lep. 126, 2, pl. 60.

Carneous; head, three streaks of the body and numerous inter-
costal spots of the primaries black; secondaries yellowish, base
and ciliz yellow, with black spots. :

California, Siberia.
Bois.

16. A. figurata Drury, I, pl. 12.

Upper side. Antenne dark brown and pectinated. Thorax
eream-color and black. Abdomen black, sides red. Primaries
black, a cream-colored line running from the shoulders parallel to
and at a small distance from the posterior edge, towards the lower
corner, stopping at about one-third from the external edge, from
whence, near the end of this line, arise two others, which run
almost to the anterior edges. Secondaries, red in the middle,
surrounded, except on the abdominal edges, by a broad black
margin. Sometimes only with a small red spot on the secondaries.

Under side. Palpi hairy and black; wings as on the other side,
with the colors less distinct.

Southern States.
: WEstwoop.

342 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

SPILOSOMA Srepz.

White, gray or yellow, with black dots or vittee; abdomen with
five rows of black dots, one above and two rows on each side;
sometimes the points indistinct.

1. S. acrea Drury. Caprotina Cram.; pseuderminea Peck. Figured in
Drury, I, pl. 3; Cram. Pap. Exot. III, pl. 287; Sm. Abb. pl. 67.

Head, thorax and primaries of the male cream-color or deep
ochre-yellow ; the surface of the latter with numerous black spots,
five of which are placed in a regular row along*the anterior border
and six on the external one; secondaries entirely yellow, with a
few black spots near the external edge and middle. Abdomen
yellow, with a row of black spots down the centre and another on
each side; apex cream-colored; under side of wings and thighs
deep yellow. emale. All the wings white, with numerous black
spots, variable in their distribution, but there is a marginal row
on the inferiors which is wanting in the male. LHyes and antenne
in both sexes, black.

Larva white, when young; nearly black, when full grown;
intermediate stage, reddish-brown; two yellow lines along the
sides, and a transverse series of orange spots on each segment.
From the back of each segment arises a tuft of blackish hairs.

2. S. echo Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. II, pl. 68.

Wings white, veins on both sides margined with black; abdo-
men luteous, with black spots.

Georgia.
Sm. ABBOT.

3. S. virginica Fab. Supp. Ent. s. 437. C. B. M. 668. Epimenis Drury,
II, pl. 29.

White, with a black point on the middle of the primaries, and
two black dots on the inferiors; one in the middle and the other
near the posterior angle, much more distinct on the under side; a
row of black dots on the back; another on each side and between
these a longitudinal deep yellow stripe; femora and tibie of the
fore legs ochre-yellow.

Larva varies in color; often of a pale yellow or straw color,

SPILOSOMA. 343

with a black line along each side of the body, and a transverse
line of the same color between each of the segments, and it is
covered with long pale yellow hairs. Others are of a brownish-
yellow or foxy red. Head and ends of the feet ochre-yellow ;
body below blackish.

Var. a. Wings wholly white.

Var. 6, Primaries with one black dot.

Var. c. Primaries with one black dot; secondaries with two
black dots.

Var. d. Primaries with two black dots; secondaries the same.

Var. e. Primaries with three black dots; secondaries the same.

North America.
WALKER.

4. S.cunea Drury. Punctatissima Sm. Abb. Figured in Drury, I, pl.
18; Sm. Abb. pl. 70.

Antenne black, pectinate ; head white ; back and abdomen ash-
color. Primaries white; spots numerous, of many forms, and
sooty black; external margin with five spots; those nearest the
tips triangular. Secondaries with a dark spot near the external
edge, and faintly marked near the external angle. Length of the
body 5—6 lines; of the wings 13—18 lines.

WALKER.

5. S. congrua Walk. C. B.M. 669.

White. Tarsi with black bands. Fore coxe and fore femora
luteous, with black spots on the inner side; fore tibie striped with
black on the inner side. Male. Head and fore part of the thorax
with a slight testaceous tinge. Primaries with four oblique very
imperfect and irregular bands, composed of pale brown dots.
Length of the body 6—7 lines; of the wings 16—20 lines.

Georgia.

WALKER.

6. S. egle Drury. Figured in Drury, II, pl. 20.

Wings rather long, thin, delicate, of a bluish-gray color, paler
on the front edge and without spots; head, thorax, under side of
the body and legs, gray; neck cream-color; top of abdomen
bright yellow, with a row of black spots and two rows on each
side. Expands from one inch and three-quarters to nearly two
inches.

344 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Larva black; a whitish line on each side, covered with short
tufts of hairs proceeding from tubercles.

United States. /
WALKER.

7. §. textor Harris. Ins. Mass. p. 275, 2d ed.

White, without spots; fore femurs tawny-yellow; feet blackish.
Expands from one inch and a quarter to one and three-eighths.

Larva greenish, dotted with black; a broad blackish stripe
along the top of the back, and a bright yellow stripe on each side.
Tbe warts from which the thin bundles of spreading, silky hairs
proceed, are black on the back and rust-yellow or orange on the
sides. Head and feet black. Spin large webs and live in com-
munities.

Northern States.
HARRIS.

8. S. collaris Fitch, 3d Report, 265.

Milk-white and glossy ; head, neck, base of the outer edge of
the fore wings and anterior hips pale ochre-yellow; feet pale
brown. Width 1.35.

Mississippi.

FitcH.

9. S. punctata Fitch, 3d Report, 265.

White; a continuous black stripe on the fore side of the an-
terior feet and shanks, their thighs and hips being yellow in front
and the fore wings having a black central dot, and in the males a
row of small blackish spots extending from the middle of the inner
margin to the tip.

New York.

Fircu.

CALLIMORPHA Later. Hypercompa Hiibn.

Palpi very short, pilose, scales appressed ; tongue much longer
than the head; antenne in both sexes simple, ciliated, with two
strong sete at each joint. Body slender. Wings densely squa-
mose. Feet robust, squamose; anterior tibie much shorter than

the femora.

CALLIMORPHA. ato

1. C. clymene Esper. Colona Hiibn. Carolina? Harris. Figured in
Esper Schmett. IV, 22, 10, pl. 182; Noct. 103, f. 1.

Luteous; antenne black; palpi black at the apex; prothorax
biguttate with fuscous; disk of thorax white, univittate with fus-
cous; abdomen often with fuscous dorsal spots; primaries with
an angulate basal fuscous vitta, three anterior spots and one pos-
terior subapical divided, white ; secondaries often with two fuscous
spots.

Var. a. Secondaries with three submarginal spots and a mar-
ginal streak.

Var. 6. Secondaries with two submarginal spots.

Var. c. Secondaries with one submarginal spot.

Var. d. Secondaries immaculate.

United States.

WALKER.

2. C. militaris Harris. Ins. Mass. 2d ed. p. 264.

Primaries white, almost entirely bordered with brown; with
an Oblique brown band from the inner margin to the tip; the
brown border on the front margin generally has two short angular
projections, extending backwards on the surface of the wing. Se-
condaries white, without spots. Body white; head, thorax and
femurs yellow ; a longitudinal brown stripe along the top of the
back from the thorax to the tail.

Var. a. Primaries with four white spots; second nearly round.

Var. b. Second spot forked; fourth interrupted.

Var. c. Third spot nearly divided.

Var. d. Second and third spots divided.

United States.

HARRIS.

4. C. confinis Walker. C.B.M. 661.

White. Head, prothorax, fore coxe and abdomen at the base
luteous. Proboscis tawny. Palpi with black tips. Antenne
black. Thorax and abdomen with a brown stripe. Primaries
brown, with a discal slightly angular white stripe, and an elongate
triangular oblique subapical white band. Length of the body six
lines; of the wings eighteen lines.

United States.
WALKER.

346 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. C. contigua Walker. C.B.M. 650.

White. Head, prothorax and fore coxe luteous. Proboscis
tawny. Palpi black, luteous at the base. Antenne black. Thorax
and abdomen with a brown stripe. Primaries brown, with a white
discal stripe which widens from the base to a little beyond the
middle, and with two large subapical white spots. Secondaries
with a small brown spot near the hind border. Body 6 lines long;
wings 18.

United States.

WALKER.

6. C. comma Walker. C.B.M. 652.

Luteous, partly testaceous. Proboscis tawny. Palpi with black
tips. Antenne black. Thorax and abdomen with a brown stripe.
Primaries above with a brown border, which is interrupted at the
tips and by the hind angle, near which there is a curved brown
streak. Secondaries occasionally with a small round brown spot
near the hind border. Body 7 lines long; wings 20.

United States.
WALKER.

PHRAGMATOBIA SrTepu.

Head and thorax with long hairs. Palpi short, scarcely distinct,
very pilose. Proboscis subspiral. Antenne short, ciliate—of the
male, serrate; of the female, simple. Thorax thick. Abdomen
maculate. Anterior tibise unarmed; posterior tibise with four
spurs. Wings subdiaphanous.

1. P. vagans Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. 2me sér. X, 322.

Mouse-color; primaries immaculate; secondaries black, fringe
cinereous; all the wings cinereous below, with a black lunule.
North California.
Boisp.
2. P. assimilans Walker. C. B. M. 630.

Male. Red. Antenne testaceous. Thorax with brown hairs.
Wings red; veins darker. Primaries slightly brown along the
costa, and elsewhere indistinctly sprinkled with pale brown, with
two blackish dots. Secondaries brighter red, with three black
dots, two in the disk and one near the hind border towards the
inner angle. Length of the body 6 lines; of the wings 16 lines.

ECPANTHERIA—HALESIDOTA. 347

Var, Primaries almost wholly brown. Secondaries with a broad
blackish submarginal stripe.

United States.
WALKER.

ECPANTHERIA WALKER.

Body stout. Proboscis moderately long. Palpi very short;
third joint acuminated, small. Abdomen extending more or less
beyond the hind wings. Legs stout; hind tibize with minute
apical spurs. Wings moderately broad. Primaries much longer
‘than secondaries. Zale. Antenne serrated; secondaries short.

female. Antenne simple, not serrated.

1. BE. scribonia Stoll. Macularia Fab., Cram. Oculatissima Sm. Abb.
Chryseis, Godt. Figured in Stoll. Supp. Cram. V, pl. 41; Sm. Abb.
pl. 69; Nat. Lib. vol. 37.

Antenne black; head white, with a black point on each side
near the antenne. Thorax with ten or twelve black spots, with
a pale bluish-white centre, making them appear annular; the two
hinder spots largest and somewhat curved. Ground color of the
wings white, the surface of the superiors variegated with black
spots, most of which are ocular, placed irregularly towards the
base, but having a tendency to form transverse rows externally ;
inferiors white, with a few faint black spots behind. Abdomen
blue-black, variegated on the back and sides with orange-yellow ;
legs white, the extremities with black rings.

Larva brownish-black, with an orange-red band along each side.
The hairs are placed on tubercles alternately nearer the anterior
edges of each segment, so that they form a pretty broad band and
leave the rest of the body naked.

United States.
Nat. LIBRARY.

HALESIDOTA Watker. Lophocampa Har.

Body stout. Proboscis long. Palpi stout, porrect, not long;
second joint much longer than the first ; third conical, very minute.
Abdomen extending for about one-third of its length beyond the
secondaries. Legs stout; hind tibie with four moderately long

348 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

spurs. Wings long, narrow. Male. Antenne enee pectinated.
Female. Antenne serrated.

1. H. caryae Harris. Ins. Mass. 2d ed. p. 279.

Color, light yellow-ochre; the fore wings are long, rather nar-
row, and almost pointed, are thickly and finely sprinkled with little
brown dots, and have two oblique brownish streaks passing back-
wards from the front edge, with three rows of white semitranspa-
rent spots parallel to the outer hind margin; the hind wings are
very thin, semitransparent, and without spots; and the shoulder-
covers are edged within with light brown. They expand from one
inch and seven-eighths to two inches and a quarter or more. The
wings are roofed when at rest; the antenne are long, with a
double, narrow, feathery edging, in the males, and a double row
of short, slender teeth on the under side, in the females; the feelers
are longer than in the other Arctians, and not at all hairy; and
the tongue is short, but spirally curved.

Larva covered with short spreading tufts of white hairs, with a
row of eight black tufts on the back, and two long, slender, black
pencils on the fourth and on the tenth ring. The tufts along the
top of the back converge on each side, so as to form a kind of
ridge or crest; and the warts, from which these tufts proceed, are
oblong-oval and transverse, while the other warts on the body are
‘round. The hairs on the forepart of the body are much longer
than the rest, and hang over the head; the others are short as if
sheared off, and spreading. The head, feet, and belly are black ;
the upper side of the body is white, sprinkled with black dots, and
with black transverse lines between the rings.

United States.

HARRIS.

2. H.tesselaris Sm. Abb. Figured in Sm. Abb. pl. 75.

Faintly tinged with ochre-yellow; their long, narrow, delicate,
and semitransparent wings lie almost flatly on the top of the back;
the upper pair are checkered with dusky spots, arranged so as to
form five irregular transverse bands; the hind edge of the collar,
and the inner edges of the shoulder-covers are greenish-blue, and
between the latter are two short and narrow deep yellow stripes ;
the upper side of the abdomen and of the legs are deep ochre-
yellow.

HALESIDOTA. 349

The tufts on the Jarva are light yellow or straw-colored, the
crest being very little darker; on the second and third rings are
two orange-colored pencils, which are stretched over the head
when the insect is at rest, and before these are several long tufts
of white hairs; on each side of the third ring is a white pencil,
and there are two pencils, of the same color, directed backwards,
on the eleventh ring. The body is yellowish-white, with dusky
warts, and the head is brownish-yellow.

United States.

HARRIS.
3. H. fulvo-flava Walk. C. B. M. 733.

Testaceous, paler beneath. Proboscis tawny. Thorax with two
tawny stripes, which converge hindward, and with two tawny spots
in front between the stripes. Femora and tibie hairy; fore femora
and fore tibie tawny above. Primaries yellow, with a tawny spot
at the base, with two oblique tawny bands, with darker borders ;
these bands are partly connected, and the inner one is especially
irregular and ramose, being forked in front and dilated in the disk
towards the base, and emitting a branch to each border. Second-
aries whitish, with a slight testaceous tinge. Length of the body
6—T lines; of the wings 16—18 lines.

Var. Primaries tawny, with yellow spots at the base, at the tips,
along the costa, and forming an oblique band beyond the middle.

North America.

WALKER.

4. H. annulifascia Walker. C. B. M. 734.

Pale testaceous. Proboscis and antenne tawny. Thorax with
two tawny stripes, which converge hindward. Primaries with
tawny punctures, which are most numerous, and partly confluent
on the disk beyond the middle, and with four oblique bands of
whitish tawny bordered spots; veins tawny. Secondaries whitish,
with a slight testaceous tinge. Length of the body 6—8 lines;
of the wings 18—22 lines. 3

United States.

WALKER.

5. H. maculata Harris. Ins. Mass. 259.

Light ochre-yellow, with large irregular light brown spots on
the primaries, arranged almost in transverse bands. It expands

nearly one inch and three-quarters.
Hargis.

350 LEPIDOPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

DASYCHIRA, p. 256.
3. D. clandestina Walker. Canadian Naturalist, 1861, p. 36.

Male. Cinereous, varied with black, thickly pilose. Antenne
short, broadly pectinated. Legs short, very pilose. Wings partly
shaded with black, with four irregular undulated black lines which
are dilated on the costa of the fore wings; under side paler, with
the lines obsolete except by the costa. Length of body 6 lines;
of wings 14 lines.

Bevins Lake, Montcalm, July 7.

WALKER.

For the following notes of synonymy, geographical distribution, etc., I
am indebted to Mr. W. H. Edwards. J. G. M.

OBSERVATIONS BY W. H. EDWARDS.

The following species are known to be resident in Texas, &., by me:—

Papilio pilummus. Texas.

““ aristodemus. Texas.

“ _cresphontes. This has been confounded with Thoas, but is re-
stored by Doubleday. Meénétriés, in Cat., notes the difference between
these two species.

Leptalis melite. New Mexico. Boisd. Spec. Gen. 422.
Callidryas cipris. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.

e orbis. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
ef philea. Florida and Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
a argante. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.

Terias midea. California, according to Ménétriés in Cat. Boisd. Spec. Gen.
‘¢ palmira. Poey in Memorias. Florida and Georgia.
“ elathea. Georgia. SBoisd. Spec. Gen.

Colias eurytheme. Boisd. Ann. Hat. Soc. X, 286. This is the species
usually taken for Hdusa, I believe. Boisduval had doubts of Edusa being
found in this country. Ihave never seen the European Edusa here, and
do not believe in it.

Synchloe janais. Texas. Drury, III, 17.

Catagramma clymene. Florida. Described and figured in Lucas.

Cystineura amyone. Texas. Ménétriés, in Cat. and figured.

Eumenia atala. Florida. Figured and described in Poey’s Cent.

Rhodocera clorinde. Texas. Boisd. Spec. Gen.

Marpesia zerynthia. Texas. Hubner.

LORD PRA a \ One or both of these is figured in Drury.
oo formans \exkas.

SPECIES IN TEXAS. 351

Timetes chiron. Texas. Herbst. 52.

Limenitis eulalia. California. Doubleday & Hewitson.
Smyrna karzinski. Texas.

Victorina steneles. Figured and described in Lucas.
Megistanis cadmus. Texas. Cramer.

Cybdelis hyperipte. Florida. Hibner.

Besides these, I find mentioned in authors—

Parnassius Smintheus. Rocky Mountains. Doubleday & Hewitson.
Colias rutulans. California. Boisd.
Argynnis Boisduvalli. Labrador. Sommer.

a thats. Figured in Godart, and described in Herbst.

« frigga. Herbst. 273.
Chionobas chryxus. U.S. Doubleday & Hewitson.

¢ bore.
Mycalesis ostita. Georgia. Hiibner.
Thecla melinus. California. Boisd. Ann. Soc. Ent. X.
Lycaena Franklinii. Polar Amer. Curtis in Ross Exp.
Polyommatus antheile. Newfoundland. InC. B. M.

x amicetus. Albany River.
Thanaos tristis. California and Texas. Boisd. Ann. X.
- Cervantes. California. Graslin, Ann. Ent. Soc.
Anthocaris creusa. California.
Hs lanceolata. California.
ne ausonia. California.

Paphia glycerium. Texas; Illinois.

P. rutulus is said by Gray to be eurymedon.

P. zolicaon is said by Ménétriés, in Cat., to be same as machaon.

P. ajax 1 do not believe to be same as marcellus. All my ajax came
from Savannah, % and 9, and all my marcellus from West Virginia, 4
and 9. All of each were taken in the Spring.

Nathalis trene Fitch, is simply zole, with a trifling variation.

C. Vosnesenski of Ménétriés, is C. eurydice of Boisd. in Ann.

Melitaea zerene should have been Argynnis.

M. palla is not a synonym for nycteis of Doubleday, as given on page 52.
The latter is found in Illinois and vicinity.

On page 70, orton has a vast distribution. It comes from Brazil, Gre-
nada, Central America, and West Indies. It is as likely to be in Florida
as any other species common to Cuba.

Debis andromacha and portlandia are the same.

Cenonympha semidea, page 80. This species is a Chionobas. Is same as
C. also of Boisd., but Say should have the preference.

Page 101. TZ. aubumiana is smilacis.

Page 111. £. ahaton is cernes.

352 CORRECTIONS AND ERRATA,

CORRECTIONS BY DR.4B. CLEMENS.

Page 340. Arctia isabella is Spilosoma isabella.

“« «A. rubricosa is A.? rubricosa, probably identical with the genus
Crocota.

“342. Spilosoma echo is Hypantria echo.

“« S. cunea is Hypantria cunea.

“© 6348. S. textor is Hypantria textor (type gen.).

“ @ S. egle is (Euchates) egle.

“« « —§S. collaris and S. punctata probably likewise belong to the
genus Hypantria.

“344, Gen. Callimorpha should be Hypercompa; the latter is a generic
group created from the former.

“¢ 345. C. comma is Hypercompa interrupto-marginata Beauv.

“ 349. Hl. fulvo-flava synon. H. maculata?

«6 HZ. annulifascia synon. H. caryx ?

ERRATA.

In the description of A. aphrodite, on p. 438, after “ marginal,’ add,
“triangles surmounted with black, and above them, near the costa, two
others ; the secondaries have a marginal series of black crescents.”

P. 82, 5th line from bottom, read “secondaries,” instead of “ primaries.”

Pig eelst sat y, at’ often,” as “after.”
OrGYA, p. 249, should be put into Fam. Lipari».

DASYCHIEA, p. 256, 2 if is nee

LAGOA, p. 257, oh <i “ Limacopipa.

Mroza, p. 253, read Mizz.
P. 329, 3d line from bottom, read “LZ. Scudderit.”

INDEX OF GENERA

Acoloithus, 134, 282 Cossidae, 123 Halesidota, 347
Adoneta, 129 Cossus, 123 Heliconia, 39
figeriadae, 137, 330 Crocota, 255, 306 Eieliconidae, 39
Aganisthos, 69 Ctenucha, 284 Hesperia, 105
Aglaope, 133, 283 Cyanopepla, 280 Fiesperidae, 105
Agraulis, 40 Cyclopzdes, 115 Heterocampa, 349
Alypia, 132 i Eieterocera, 122
Ambulyx, 174 Danaidae, 36 Hippola, 271
Amycles, 276 Danais, 37 Horamia, 275
Anartia, 62 Darapsa, 167 Hypoprapia, 302
Anceryx, 200 Daremma, 213 Eiypsidae, 306
Anthoearis, 20 Dasychira, 256, 349 Hyrmina, 291
Anthrocera, 260 Datana, 245
Antichloris, 274 Debis, 78 Ichthyura, 243
Apantesis, 250 Deidamia, 158 Isanthrene, 264
Apatura, 67 Deiliphila, 163 Tosia. 960...
Arctia, 336 Deiopeia, 251, 313 ,
Arctiidae, 248, 312, 336 | Dioptis, 290 s J s
Arctonotus, 216 | Dolba, 203 unonia, 61
Ardonea, 302 Drepana, 218 ‘
Argus, 81 Drepanulidae, 217 Leemocharis, 265
Argynnis, 40 Dryocampa, 231 pac ak
Artace, 236 . apara,
Atalmés, 256 Eecpantheria, 346 Tees 299
Attacus, 223 aeeee oa Lemonias, 104
Automalis, 270 Er ate 130 Lerina, 300
Ue Des Limacodes, 126
Belemnia, 270 ED para ae Limenitis, 64
Bombycidae, 232 Bn eted Limenitis, 327
ese Lithosiidae, 252, 299

Calisto, 81 lee. Lithosia, 304
Callidryas, 24 Er, ee ae Lophocampa, 288
Callimorpha, 344 Beene 108 Lycomorphidae, 288
Callimorphides, 312 ae ae Si 4 Libytheidae, 63
Calonota, 273 ULE SY Libythea, 63
Caralisa, 296 ee ides os 2 Lycena, 81
Ceratocampa, 229 ee ae Lycenide, 329
Ceratomia, 204 : Hackoon ey 134. 267 Lycznidae, 81, 329
Cerura, 238 =. ase ) Lycomorpha, 135, 288
Cherocampa, 171 Heiss O06 Lymire, 303
Chionobas, 70 eae se 945
Chrysauge, 292 By vise 267 Macroglossa, 150

ines prepia, j
Cincia, 310 Eustixia, 252. 305 Macrosila, 183
Cisthrene, 254, 309 . ‘ ; Malthaca, 287
Clisiocampa, 235 Gastropacha, 233 Marissa, 267
Clostera, 243 Glaucopididae, 134, Mastigocera, 278
Cononympha, 80, 328 262 Welameridae, 289
Colias, 26 Glaucopis, 134, 263 Melanchroia, 297
Composia, 205 Gnophria, 256 Melita, 50, 329
Conchilopodidae, 126 | Goniloba, 112 Mellitia, 335
Cosmosoma, 265 Grapta, 53 Mieza, 253, 306

1 Synonyms are in italics ; names of families in heavy faced type, of subfamilies in
small capitals.

354

Nadata, 248
Nathalis, 21
Neonympha, 72
Nisoniades, 114
Nochelia, 131
Notodonta, 239

Notodontidae, 238, 349

Nudaria, 299
Nyctimeridae, 296
Nymphalidae, 49, 324
Nymphalis, 64
Nymphidia, 103

Oenosanda, 214
Ormetica, 279
Orgyia, 249

Pachylia, 180
Pamphila, 116
Paphia, 66

Papilio, 1
Papilionidae, 1
Parnassius, 13
Percote, 304
Pergesa, 166
Pericopidae, 243

INDEX OF GENERA.

Pericopis, 294
Perigonia, 159
Perophora, 142
Philampelus, 175
Phragmatobia, 346
Pieridae, 15, 315
Pieris, 15, 315
Pimela, 129

Pitane, 254, 306
Peciloptera, 311
Peecilosoma, 264
Polyommatus, 83
Procris, 138, 261
Proserpinus, 152
Psycomorpha, 136, 297
Pscychiadae, 142
Pygera, 243
Pyrameis, 58

Rhodocera, 22
Rhopalocera, 1

Sannina, 334
Saturnia, 220
Saturnidae, 219
Satyridae, 70, 327

Satyrus, 70, 327
Sesia, 147
Smerinthus, 206
Sphingidae, 143
Sphinx, 192
Spilosoma, 341
Syrichthus, 121

Terias, 32

Thecla, 91
Thyreus, 155
Thyridopteryx, 142
Thyrgis, 290
Thyris, 141
Trichoma, 309
Trochilium, 137

Unzela, 154
Uraga, 293

Vanessa, 55
Virbia, 298

Zeuzera, 125
Zygena, 260
4aygenidae, 132

INDEX OF SPECIES:

abbotii, 156
acerni, 330
achemon, 177, 278
achatina, 257
acis, 201
-acreeea, 341
esculapius, 116
aglaia, 46
agnes, 81
agricola, 108
ahaton, 111
ajax, 8
albicans, 237
albifrons, 242
albosigma, 244
aleidamus, 2
alope, 76, 202
also, 71
americana, 91, 134, 233,
236, 284, 336
amphidusa, 29
amyntula, 87
anartia, 62
andromache, 78
anguina, 247
angulifera, 227
angulosa, 239
anna, 329
annulifascia, 348
annulosum, 151
antegon, 87
antzus, 186
anthracina, 277
anthyale, 24
antiopa, 57
antiqua, 249
‘antoninus, 113
aphrodite, 43
_arcesilaus, 11
archippus, 38
arcuatus, 218
areolatus, 74
argenteo-maculatus, 123
ariane, 77
arogos, 118
arota, 86
arta, 117
arsace, 97
arthemis, 65
assimilans, 346

astarte, 240
ashtaroth, 47
asterias, 5
astinous, 6
astyanax, 64
astylus, 211
atalanta, 58
aubumiana, 101
augustus, 103
aurantiaca, 253
aurea, 251
auretorum, 99
aurora, 247
autodice, 17
azalea, 168

bachmani, 63
balder, 71
basistriens, 239
bassiformis, 331
bathyllus, 106
bella, 251, 271, 313
bellona, 45
berenice, 37
bicolor, 232
bimaculata, 278
dion, 119
biundata, 240
boisduvali, 74
bombycoides, 215
bootes, 72
borealis, 238
brettus, 118
brevicornis, 255, 308
brizo, 114
brontes, 191
bulenta, 117

cexesonia, 27
ceespitalis, 121
caicus, 203
e-album, 55
californica, 58
calippe, 46
camertus, 162
campestris, 109
canadensis, 125
cantheus, 75
canthus, 74
cardut, 59

+ Synonyms are in italies.

cary, 59, 347
carolina, 189
easta, 19
catullus, 115
eaudata, 139
cecropia, 223
eeculus, 151
celadon, 10
eellus, 105
celtis, 68
cephiz, 298
certsit, 210
eeto, 335
chemonerii, 165
chaleas, 7
chalciope, 264
chariclea, 49
charitonia, 39
chionanthi, 187
chiron, 172
cheerilus, 165
chrysotheme, 28
evmbiciformis, 149
cinerea, 194
cingulata, 188
cippus, 126
clandestina, 349
clarius, 14
clarkiw, 154
claudia, 44
cleome, 16
clodius, 15
cluentius, 186
clymene, 344
clyton, 68
compta, 312
coenia, 61
collaris, 184
columbina, 44, 207
comma, 54, 109, 245
comyntas, 83
concinna, 242
confinis. 345
congrua, 343
coniferarum, 199
conspersa, 310
contigua, 345
contracta, 247
convolvuli, 188
coracina, 284 .

356

coras, 116
crantor, 177
crataegi, 85
cresphontes, 7
cruciferarum, 19
cruenta, 281
cucurbitx, 139
cunea, 392
cupraria, 304
cybele, 42
cymela, 13

dahurica, 341
datra, 34
damastus, 100
danae, 70
daphnis, 42
dares, 278
daucus, 164
decipiens, 235
delia, 34
denudatum, 138
diana, 42
diaphana, 39
didyma, 228
diffinis, 148
dimas, 293
dimidiata, 289
dione, 339
discoidalis, 75
disippus, 65
doreas, 90
drancus, 173
drupiferarum, 197
druryt, 188
dryas, 278
dumetorum, 100
dyneus, 203

ecclipsis, 23
echo, 342
editho, 51, 296
edusa, 27
eglanteria, 222
egle, 343

ello, 200
emphytiformis, 352
enoptes, 89
ephemeriformis, 142
ephestion, 64
epimenis, 136
epixanthe, 85
eremitus, 194
ergolis, 292
ericetorum, 122
eriphe, 274
eriphon, 100
ertppus, 37
eubule, 25
ewlalia, 66
eurocilia, 294
eurymedon, 4
eurytheme, 29
eurythris, 72

INDEX OF SPECIES.

excexcatus, 208
exilis, 87
exitiosa, 140

falco, 172

falacer, 95
falsarius, 134, 283
fasciata, 218
fasctatum, 151, 180
fasciola, 127
fastuosa, 271
favonius, 95
Segens, 162
fenestrata, 272
ferox, 271
ferruginosa, 255, 308
ficus, 181

figurata, 341
filenus, 82 : ‘
flavinia, 292
flavitibia, 335
flavofasciata, 151
flavula, 128
forestan, 191
freya, 46

frigida, 318

fucosa, 303
fuliginosa, 330
fulvicollis, 287
fulvipes, 149
fulvoflava, 348
Surcillata, 56
fuscicaudis, 150
fusiformis, 148

galatina, 80
galbina, 222
ganascus, 175
gaucolda, 310
gaure, 153
gelida, 340 -
geliformis, 333
geminatus, 210
gemma, 73
genutia, 20
gibbosa, 248
gilippus, 37
glaucescens, 160
glaucas, 2
glycerium, 67
gordius, 198
gorgon, 86
grata, 245
grunus, 100
guttata, 132
gutturalis, 202

heemorrhea, 293
halesus, 91
harrisi, 216
hasdrubal, 184
hegeria, 44
helloides, 86
hera, 221

heteronea, 89
hobomok, 110
hemanthus, 291
humulr, 95

| huntera, 66

hyale, 31
hydraspus, 186
hylaeus, 203
hyperborea, 340
hyperici, 94
hypophlaeus, 84

icarioides, 88
idalia, 40
igninix, 253
tlicifolia, 235
iloneus, 5
impar, 266
imperialis, 230
emperatoria, 230
incarnata, 301
inclusa, 244
inconspicua, 183
inconstans, 295
inornata, 182
inscripta, 159
instita, 187
entermedia, 165
interrogationis, 53
interrupta, 274
io, 220 ©

iole, 22
ipomaer, 134, 241 272
irene, 22

iris, 97

iroides, 100
isabella, 340
ismeria, 50
exton, 151

j-album, 56
jatrophe, 62, 186
japhyx, 155
jasminearum, 198
jucunda, 35
juglandis, 213
gunonia, 61
jussieuz, 186
juvenalis, 114

kalmize, 196

labrusex, 178
leta, 309
lamina, 65
lanceolata, 21
lanuginosa, 129
laricis, 234
laticlavia, 128
latipennis, 136
latreilliana, 136, 285
leonardus, 110
leucodice, 18
leucographa, 250

leucopheea, 294
leucopheata, 193
leucostigma, 249
Vherminier, 115
Vherminiert, 20
leseur, 118
lichas, 270
lineata, 164
lintneri, 57
liparops, 96
lisa, 34
longipennis, 305
lorquini, 66
lucia, 90
lucidus, 217
lugens, 194
lugubris, 162
luna, 225

- lusea, 160
luscitiosa, 197
luteilinea, 290
lycaon, 176
lyncea, 182
lyside, 24

maccullochi, 132
machaon, 12
maculata, 142, 349
m-album, 92
maerula, 23
maia, 221
manteo, 240
marcellina, 26
marcellus, 9
marginalis, 321
marginata, 219
marginatum, 137
mars, 101
mediastina, 254, 306
medor, 188
megera, 222
megalippe, 38
melanocephala, 303
melsheimeri, 142
menapia, 19
mendica, 300
metacomet, 111
mexicana, 36
milberti, 56
militaris, 344
miniata, 256, 305
ministra, 246
minuta, 325
mistppus, 65
modesta, 210
mouusta, 16
mopsus, 102
mormo, 104
motya, 63
multicinecta, 264
multifaria, 302
munda, 302
mylitta, 324
myops, 207

INDEX OF SPECIES.

myrina, 45
myrissa, 45
myron, 168

nais, 338
nastes, 30
nechus, 172
nemorum, 107
nephele, 76
nessus, 157
nicippe, 33
niphon, 98
nitidula, 173
noctuiformis, 214
nomion, 14
numitor, 120
nycteis, 325

obseura, 201
occidentalis, 235
ochracea, 328
octomaculata, 132
octomaculalis, 182
odius, 70
odyneripennis, 332
ceno, 72

cenotrus, 202
oileus, 121
oleracea, 19, 315
olynthus, 113
omphale, 135, 266
onobrychis, 261
opercularis, 257
ophthalmicus, 211
origenes, 117
orion, 70

orythia, 61

orseis, 16
ossianus, 78
oxzttus, T

penulata, 131
paleno, 31
palamedes, 7
palla, 51
pallida, 128, 321
pamptnatriz, 168
paphia, 227
parthenice, 339
parthenos, 336
passiflore, 40
peckii, 120
pegala, 77
pelasgus, 149
pelidne, 30
pellucida, 232
perlucidula, 288
pertyi, 265
pheeton, 50
pheres, 89
phicomene, 30
philenor, 6
philodice, 29
phleas, 84

357

pholus, 135, 169, 289
phyleus, 118
phyllira, 339
piasus, 89

pica, 222
pithecium, 127
placentia, 337
plagiatus, 124
plebeia, 195
plumipes, 275
peas, 103
polaris, 48
polydamus, 13
polyphemus, 226
populi, 124
portlandia, 79
pratinicola, 108
pretus, 276
print, 203
procne, 173
producta, 243
progne, 56
promethea, 224
proserpina, 221
proterpia, 35
protestlaus, 9
proteus, 106
protodice, 17, 317
pseudargiolus, 82
psyche, 93
pumila, 104
punctata, 334
punctistriga, 237
punctivena, 238
pupula, 252, 254, 306
pylotis, 295
pyralidiformis, 333
pyramidalis, 331
pyri, 141

pyrina, 125
pyxidifera, 258

quadricornis, 205
quercett, 126
quercicola, 126
querciperda, 125
quinquemaculata, 190

radians, 251
regalis, 229
repentinus, 206
resumens, 183
rhamni, 24
rhodocera, 170
robiniz, 124
rosea, 219
rosacearum, 207
rossiil, 257
rubicanda, 232
rubicandaria, 256, 307
rubriceps, 286
rubicosa, 340
ruficaudis, 149
ruficeps, 286

358

ruralis, 121

ruricola, 109
rustica, 187

rutulus, 3

sabuleti, 109
seepiolus, 88

- szepium, 99
sagra, 152
sapygeformis, 333
sara, 21
sassacus, 110
satellitia, 176
scitula, 141
scribonia, 346
scriptura, 121
seyron, 201
semiplaga, 349
semidea, 80
semidiaphana, 136
senatoria, 231
signatura, 304
silvestris, 327
sinon, 9
sisymbrii, 17
smilacis, 98
smtlaz, 34

smithsoniana, 134, 262

sordida, 194
sosybius, 74
speciosa, 314
sphingiformis, 280
spinuloides. 127
splendida, 228
sthenele, 77
stheno, 201
stigma, 231
stimula, 130
strigilis, 175
strigosa, 101
subcyanea, 273
subfervens, 253, 306
subhamata, 160

INDEX OF SPECIES.

subjecta, 254
sybaris, 295
sylvanoides, 107
sylvanus, 107
sylvatica, 236
sylvinus, 99
sylvius, 277
syringe, 139

tantalus, 151
tardigrada, 131
tarquinius, 85
tau, 322
terminalis, 301
tersa, 171
tesselaris, 348
textor, 343
textula, 128
tharos, 51
thaumas, 119
thoas, 7

thoe, 84
thorates, 166
thysbe, 149
tibiale, 137
tipuliformis, 140
titan, 151
tityrus, 112
tribuna, 290
trichlaris, 48
tricincta, 138
trigemmis, 309
tristis, 115
troilus, 5
turnus, 2
typhon, 178
tyrrhene, 267

ubaldus, 82
umbrata, 240
undata, 161

undulosa, 214
unicornis, 241

unio, 246
uroceriformis, 334
ursula, 64

vagans, 346
vanille, 40
varia, 240 -
variegata, 297
vau, 244
velleda, 234
venosa, 286, 320
versicolor, 169
versuta, 174
vespina, 278
vestris, 109
vetusta, 250
villiersii, 12
vinosa, 292
virginalis, 337
virginica, 342
virginiensis, 60
virgo, 337
virguneula, 338
vitellius, 120
vitis, 179
vittata, 256
voluta, 129
vosneskenski, 32
vulcanus, 273

wamsutta, 111
weidemeyeri, 327

xanthoides, 86
xerces, 88

yucce, 113

zabulon, 116.
zangis, 81
zerene, 53
zolicaon, 4
zonata, 151

pw NOR STs

| NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS.

SYNOPSIS

NEUROPTERA.
NORTH AMERICA.

WITH A LIST OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES.

PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

HERMANN HAGEN.

WASHINGTON:
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.

JULY, 1861.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THE present ‘‘ Synopsis of North American Neuroptera” has
been prepared by Dr. Hermann Hagen of Konigsberg (one of the
highest living authorities on this subject), at the special request
of the Smithsonian Institution, from materials in considerable
part supplied by the collections of the Institution, or furnished for
the purpose, by correspondents, at its request. - It is hoped that
the publication of this work and its distribution throughout the
country will call attention to the insects of this order, and result
in the collection of fuller materials, to be used hereafter in the
preparation of a more perfect report.

For the purpose of making the present work serve the purpose
of a report on the Neuroptera of the New World, a list of the
names of the known South American species has been added.
Some of these have not yet been published, but descriptions of
them will shortly be presented to the world by Dr. Hagen in some
one of the German scientific journals.

The manuscript of this work was furnished by Dr. Hagen in
Latin, and it has been translated into English by Mr. P. R. Uhler
of Baltimore. To him, and to Baron R. Osten Sacken, the Insti-
tution is under obligations for the careful examination and cor-
rection of the proof sheets.

JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WASHINGTON, June, 1861.

ACCEPTED FOR PUBLICATION, NOVEMBER, 1860.

PHILADELPHIA:
COLLINS, PRINTER.

PREFACE,

THE following Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America
has been prepared in accordance with the desire of the Smithsonian
Institution, and contains all the known species found hitherto in
the United States, in the English and Russian colonies, Mexico,
Central America, and the West Indies. Many species described
originally as belonging to the last-named countries, may hereafter
be found in the southern parts of the United States.

The materials upon which the Synopsis has been based are the
following :—

1. Species furnished by the Smithsonian Institution, chiefly
Odonata, collected by Capt. J. Pope, U. 8S. A., on the Pecos River,
Western Texas (lat. 32°, long. 104°), by Dr. Berlandier and Lt.
Couch, U. 8. A., at Matamoras, and by Dr. Engelmann at St.
Louis.

2. The very numerous species collected by Baron Osten Sacken
in different parts of the United States, particularly at Washington,
at Trenton Falls, at Savannah and Dalton in Georgia, at Berkeley
Springs in Virginia, in Florida, in Cuba, on the St. Lawrence
River, and at Chicago.

3. A considerable number of Odonata, collected by Mr. Abbot
in Georgia, and furnished by the late Mr. Escher-Zollickofer of
Zurich.

4. A considerable number of Odonata, collected by the late Mr.
Guex at Bergen Hill in New Jersey, and communicated by Prof.
Schaum of Berlin. |

5. A considerable number of Neuroptera from California, Ma-
ryland, Illinois, and North Red River (from Mr. Robert Kenni-
cott), furnished by Mr. P. R. Uhler of Baltimore.

6. Some species collected in Florida by Mr. Norton, and at
New York by Mr. Calverly.

vi PREFACE.

T. Other species collected in South Carolina by Mr. Zimmer-
mann, and furnished by the late Prof. Germar of Halle.

8. A considerable number of Neuroptera collected in Cuba and
furnished by Prof. Poey of Havana. .

9. A considerable number of Neuroptera collected in Mexico
and supplied by Mr. de Saussure of Geneva.

10. My own collection, containing the types of Winthem, de-
scribed by Prof. Burmeister, and some species furnished by the
late Mr. Say.

11. Many species collected in the ee colonies and in Cali-
fornia, communicated by Mr. Menetries from the Imperial Museum
of St. Petersburg, and by Colonel Motschulsky.

12. The Neuroptera of North America of the Museum at Ber-
lin, furnished by Dr. Gerstaecker.

13. The Neuroptera of North America of the Museum at Vi-
enna, communicated by Mr. Kollar.

14. The Neuroptera of North America of the collection of the
Baron Selys Longchamps at Liege, with the types described by
Messrs. Rambur, Latreille, Palisot de Beauvois, contained in Ser-
ville’s collection, and some supplied by Mr. Asa Fitch.

15. Some types, chiefly from Labrador, described by Mr. Bur-
meister, and cortained in the collection of Mr. Sommer at Altona.

16. The very great number of Neuroptera of the British Museum
in London, described by Mr. Fr. Walker, chiefly from Canada and
the polar regions, which I examined at London in 1857, with the
kind permission of Dr. J. E. Gray.

I have endeavored to cite the literature of the subject as com-
pletely as possible. Besides the printed works, I have taken ad-
vantage of written communications made by Mr. Haldeman and
Mr. Uhler on those species, which had been described by them. The
rare memoir of the late Mr. Say, ‘‘Godman’s Western Quarterly
Reporter, Vol. II,” could not be procured, except in a manuscript
copy kindly communicated by Baron Osten Sacken.

An exclamation mark (!) has been added to every species con-
tained in my own collection, or described by me from actual exa-
mination.

Where an (!) has been added to the name of the author, I have
seen the types which he described.

The foregoing statements show that the Synopsis has been prin-
cipally composed from species which I myself have examined, and

PREFACE. vii

which can be considered as undoubtedly fixed. There are, how-
ever, some, especially from the British Museum, which are not
entirely certain, the time I could spend at London not being suffi-
cient to determine all the species. The number, however, of spe-
cies mentioned in the Synopsis not examined by myself is but
small. :

I have added a Catalogue of all the species of South American
Neuroptera hitherto described, and of the new species contained
in my collection. All the yet undescribed species have been added
to the present Catalogue, as their publication, which has already
partly been effected (Gomphide), will soon be terminated.

There can be no doubt that the species named in the Synopsis
and in the Catalogue constitute only a fraction of the Neurop-
terous Fauna of America; may its incompleteness be soon shown
by a multitude of new discoveries.

DR. H. HAGEN.

KoENIGSsBERG, 8th April, 1860.

Note.—The measurements given are in millimetres. A millimetre is
equal to .039 of the English inch, or about .04 (= zt). Multiplying,
then, any number of millimetres by four, and setting off two places of
decimals, will at once give us the inches and fractions.

ae es aot
‘on oan aaa

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Advertisement - “ A 3 : 2 2
Preface . * : - : - - :
Table of Contents . AAA 5 ; !
Authorities : . - : . - - 4 °
North American Neuroptera : : ° -
South American Neuroptera - - -
Analytical tables . : . : 5 2 .
Synopsis of North American Neuroptera . : :
PSEUDONEUROPTERA . : - : :
Fam. I. TeRMiTina . °
Fam. II. Emprpina sivaiac -
Fam. III. Psocina A - °
Fam. IV. PERLINA - 2 -
Fam. V. EPHEMERINA . ; - -
Fam. VI.* OponaTaA . A : :
. Tribe 1. Agrionina ~. . .

Sub-fam. I. Calopterygina
Sub-fam. II. Agrionina .
Legion I. Pseudostigmata
Legion II. Agrionina .
Tribe II. Aeschnina . . -
Sub-fam. III. Gomphina. °
Sub-fam. IV.. Aeschnina . °
Tribe III. Libellulina : :
Sub-fam. V. Cordulina . :
Sub-fam. VI. Libellulina

NEUROPTERA . ° 5 : ° - .

Fam. VII. SraAuina a P
Fam. VIII. HEemeropina : A a
Fam. IX. PANoRPINA . é ‘ :

* Erroneously given as Fam. Y. on p. 55.

xix, 157

62
65
98
98
ely
132
132
141

187
196
240

Fam.

CONTENTS.

X. PHRYGANINA ‘é a é

Sub-fam.
Sub-fam.

Sub-fam.

I. Phryganides
IJ. Limnophilides .
III. Sericostomides .

Sub-fam. IV. Leptocerides .

Sub-fam. V. Hydropsychides

Sub-fam. VI. Rhyacophilides .

List of South American Neuroptera.
PSEUDONEUROPTERA.

Fam. I. TERMITINA . . . .

Fam. MII. Empipina . : ° .

Fam. III.-PsocIna . . : .

Fam. IV. Preruina . ° . .

Fam. V. EPHEMERINA - A .

Fam. ‘VI. Oponata. . “ : .

Tribe I. Agrionina : :

Sub-fam. I. Calopiensnine .

Sub-fam. II. Agrionina . .

Tribe II. Aeschnina . 5
Sub-fam. III. Gomphina. °
Sub-fam. IV. Aeschnina
Tribe III. Libellulina . .

Sub-fam. V. Cordulina.
Sub-fam. VI. Libellulina :
NEUROPTERA.

Fam. VII.:SrauinA : .
Fam. VIII. HemERoBInA - . :
Fam. IX. Panorpina . 5 - :
Fam. X. PHRYGANINA . 5 4
List of genera of North American Neuroptera . : :
Distribution of species of do. . : 4 A
List of genera of South American N onegtetd : : :
Summary . : : : 5 ° 5 .
Glossary . . ° . : : : < °
Index - . 4 y : 5 5 - “

Corrections and additions

249
249
253
270
275
284
295

299
301
302
302
304
305
305
305
307
312
312
314
315
315
O15

321
322
327
328
330
333
334
336
337
345
347

AUTHORITIES.

NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Bartram, Jolhm.—Observations on the Dragon-Fly, or Libellula of
Pennsylvania. Philos. Transact. 1750, XLVI, 323. Observations
upon the metamorphosis of the Odonata in general.

Blanchard, Emaile.—Histoire naturelle des Insectes, etc. Paris,

1840, 1841, etc. 3 vols. 150 pl. Contains description of some

typical forms from N. America, but no new species.

Les planches dans Cuvier régne animal, edit. Masson, 1836—1846,

8vo. Corydalis cornuta and Chauliodes pectinicornis are figured in

this work.

Browne, Patrice.—The Civil and Natural History of Jamaica.
London, 1789 (1756), fol. pp. 437. Four species of Odonata are
mentioned: “1. Tota viridis; 2. Fusca tenuis, ad oculos et anum
coeruleo-nitens; 3. Maxima rufula, pectore crassiori; 4. Tenuior
tota coerulea. These insects are very common in Jamaica.”

Burmeister, Hermamm.—Handbuch der Entomologie. Neurop-

tera, II, Part I. Berlin, 1839, 8vo. 60 species from N. America

are described in this work; 36 of them are new.

Zoologischer Hand Atlas. Berlin, 1836—1843. Fol.,41 pl. Termes

Jlavipes and its nympha are figured. (I have examined the types

of Mr. Burmeister. )

Coquebert, Ant. Joh.—lIllustratio iconographica insectorum que
in museis parisinis observavit J. C. Fabricius. Paris, 1799—1804.
Fol., 30 pl. Libellula eponina figured.

Curtis, Jolam.—Description of the Insects brought home by Com-
mander James Clark. Ross’s Second Voyage. App. Nat. Hist. 1831,
4to. — pl. Tinodes hirtipes described.

Drury, Drew.—lllustrations of Natural History, etc. London, 1770
—1782, 4to. 3 vols. (ed. Westwood, 1837). Several species are
figured and described.

Duncan, J.—Introduction to Entomology. London, 1840. 8vo., — pl.
Libellula axillena figured by Mr. Westwood.

xii AUTHORITIES,

Erichson, Fr. W.—Beitraege zu einer Monographie von Mantispa.

Germar’s Zeitschrift f. Entomologie, 1839, 8vo. I, Part I, 147—173,

1 pl. Contains three species.

Insekten in Schomburgk’s Reise in Guyana, 1848, 8vo. III. Con-

tains several species from the West Indies.

Fabricius, J. €.—Entomologia Systematica et Supplementa. Haf-
nie, 1792—1798, 8vo. 5 vols. Seventeen species are described,
nine of them are new. (The same are contained in the works
previously published by this author, viz: Systema Entomologiz,
1775 ; Species Insectorum, 1781; and Mantissa Insectorum, 1787.)

Fabricius, Otto.—Fauna Groenlandica. Hafnie, 1780, 8vo. Contains
Libellula virgo (erroneously), Phryganea rhombica, Termes divina-
torium. See Schioedte.

Fitch, Asa.—First Report on the Noxious, Beneficial, and other Insects
of the State of New York. Albany, 1855, 8vo, Thirty-six species
of Chrysopina and Hemerobina are described, mostly new.

—— Winter Insects of eastern New York, from Dr. Emmons’ Journal of

Agriculture and Science, 1847, vol. v, p. 274. Contains two spe-
cies of Boreus and two of Perla new to science.

We Geer, Charles.—Mémoires pour servir & Vhistoire des insectes.
Stockholm, 4to, 1752—1778, 7 vols. Four species are described,
two of them new.

Giebel, C. G.—Fauna der Vorwelt, etc. Leipzig, 8vo. 1856. T. II, P.
I, Insecta. Termes debilis included in gum Animé, described by
Prof. Heer, erroneously, as a succinic insect. |

Gosse.—Canadian Naturalist. I have not seen this work, which contains
two new Pieronarcys.

Gray, G. R.—In E. Griffith’s Animal Kingdom. London, 1824—1833.
8vo. 16 vols. Contains some new species.

Guérim-Meneville, EF. E.—Iconographie du Régne animal. I have
not seen this work, which contains one new Palingenia.

Guilding, Lamdsdowme.—the generic characters of Formicaleo,
with the description of two new species (from the West Indies).
Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 1829, vol. xvi, p. 47.

Hiagem, Hi.—Monographie von Termes in Linnea, X, XII, XIV. 1855—
1860.

Revue des Odonates; Monographie des Calopterygines; Monogra-

phie des Gomphines. (cf. Selys Longchamps.)

Haldemanm.—Description of the Agrion veneri-notatum. Proceed. Acad.

Philad. 1844. Termes nigriceps, ibid. 1853, June.

Corydalus cornutus. Journ. Acad. Boston, 1848, with plates.

Harris, Dr. T. W.—A Treatise on some of the Insects of New England,
which are injurious to Vegetation. Boston, 1852. I regret much
not to have seen this excellent work. Contains one Chrysopa.

Heer, ©.—Die Insectenfauna der Tertiaergebilde von Oeningen und

AUTHORITIES. Xili

Radoboj. Leipzig, 1849, 4to. T. II. Contains Termes debilis as
succinic insect (included in Gum Animé).

Kirby, W.—Fauna boreali-Americana, etc. Norwich, 1837, 4to. Con-
tains a List of arctic Insects, Libellula viryo and Phryganea rhom-
bica from O. Fabricius, and Tinodes hirtipes from J. Curtis; besides
p- 252 the descriptions of four species taken in lat. 65—68. Agrion
puella probably erroneously determined, and three new species,
Perla bicaudata (erroneously), Limnephilus nebulosus and femoralis ;
the descriptions are very incomplete.

Klug, Friedr.— Monographie der Panorpatae. Act. Acad. Berolin.
1836, 4to., 1 plate. Contains five species, three new ones from N.
America.

Kolenati, F.—Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Part I. Prague,

1848, 4to. Contains three species from Greenland, Labrador, and

N. America, one of them new.

Systematisches Verzeichniss der dem Verfasser bekannten Phry-

ganiden und deren Synonymik. Wien. Entom. Monatschrift, T.

III, 1859, p. 15. Contains the names of six species from N. Ame-

rica, four of them new.

Genera et Species Trichopterorum. Part II. Nouv. Mémoir. de la

Soc. Impér. des Naturalistes &4 Moscou. 1859, T. XI, 4. I have

not seen this work, which contains the descriptions of the species

mentioned in the foregoing work.

Kollar, V.—Naturgeschichte der schaedlichen Insekten. Wien, 1837,
Ato. Contains Termes flavipes, injurious in the warmhouses of
Schoenbrunn and Vienna. This description has been omitted in
the translation of this work by Mr. Loudon.

Latreilile, P.—Histoire naturelle, etc. des Insectes. Paris, 8vo. 1792

—1805, vol. xiv.

— Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum. Paris, 4to. 1806—1809, vol.
iv. Some species from N. America are described, but none of
them are new.

Leidy, J.—Internal Anatomy of Corydalus cornutus in its three stages of

existence (with Haldeman).

Lichtensteim.—Catalogus musei ditissimi (Holthuisen). Hamburg,
1796, 8vo. Part III. Contains one new Ephemera.

Limme, C.—Systema Nature ed. XII. 1767, 8vo. Contains three spe-
cies from N. America, two of which are described previously in
Centuria Insector. 1763, 4to., or in Amoenit. Acad., vol. vi. The
ed. xiii, by Mr. Gmelin, contains several species described by dif-
ferent authors. ;

v. Motschulsky, V.—Two species of Termes from N. America are
mentioned in the Etudes Entomologiques, T. 1V. I find mentioned
Etudes VIII, p. 11, two species of Phryganina from N. America,
Leptocera flecuosa Haldeman, and Leptocera 8-maculata Haldeman.
I do not know if, or where, these species are described.

Xiv AUTHORITIES.

Newman, E.—Several species, chiefly Perlina, are described in Ento-
mological Magaz., vol. v, and in Annals of Nat. History, vol. xiii,
by this author.

Newport, G.—On the Genus Pteronarcys. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
vol. xx, and Annals of Nat. Histor., vol. xili, contains, moreover,
some species of Perlina.

Olivier, G.—Encyclopédie méthodique, vol. vii, 4to. Some species of
N. America are described by this author.
Palisot Beauvois.—lInsectes recueillis en Afrique et en Amérique.

Paris, 1805—1821, fol. Three species are described by this author.

Perty, M.—Delectus animalium articulatorum, etc. Monachiz, 1830, 4to.
One species of Termes from the West Indies has been described.

Pictet, F'.—Histoire naturelle, etc. des insectes Neuroptéres. Part I,
Perlides; Part II, Ephémérines. Genéve, 1841—1845, 8vo., with
pl. color. Numerous species are figured and described in this first-
rate work.

Reichenbach.— Volks-naturgeschichte. Termes flavipes has been
figured in this work.

Rambur, P.—Histoire naturelle des Neuroptéres. Paris, 1842, 8vo.,
with plates (forms a part of the Suites 4 Buffon, published by Ro-
ret). Numerous species are perfectly described, mostly new.

Say, Tin.—Descriptions of insects belonging to the order Neuroptera
Linn. Latr., collected by the expedition authorized by J. C. Cal-
houn, etc. under the command of Major 8. H. Long, in Godman’s
Western Quarterly Reporter, 1823, vol. ii, No. 2, article iv, pp. 160,
165. This very rare work contains four species of Phryganina,
three Ephemerina, one Myrmeleon, one Bittacus, and four Perlina,
well described.

—— Nine Species of Neuroptera (three Ephem., one Ascalaphus, two
Hemerob., one Chauliodes, two Phrygan.), in Keating’s narrative
of an expedition to the source of St. Peter’s River, etc., under the
command of Major Long. Philadelphia, 1824, 8vo., vol. ii, p. 205.

—— American Entomology, vol. ii, 1825, 8vo. Contains six figures (two
Mantispa and four Phryganea), described and figured.

—— Descriptions of new N. American Neuropterous Insects, and obser-
vations on some already described by (the late) Th. Say. Journ.
Acad. of Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia, 1839, vol. viii, Part I, p. 9—46.
Contains the descriptions of forty-nine species (ten Aeschna, twen-
ty-one Libellula, three Calopteryx, three Lestes, four Agrion, four
Baetis, one Ephemera, two Formicaleo, one Chrysopa), mostly new
to science. Unfortunately the work of Prof. Burmeister was pub-
lished at the same time and contains some species described by
Mr. Say under different names.

Savigmy, J. €.—Description de l’Egypte. Paris, 1825, fol. Contains
the figure of one species of Libellula (LZ. flavescens), found in N.
America.

AUTHORITIES. XV

Schioedte, J. C.—Arthropoden Groenlands, in Rink, geographischer,
etc., Beschreibung Groenlands and in Berlin Entom. Zeitschr.,
1859, t. III, p. 134. Contains four species (one Ephem., one Hem-
erob., two Phrygan.).

Schneider, W. G.—Symbole ad Monographiam generis Chrysope
Leach. Vratislavie, 1851, 8vo., with plat. color. Contains seven
species, well described and figured.

De Selys Lomgchamps, E.—Revue des Odonates ou Libellules

d’Europe avec la collaboration de H. Hagen. Paris, 1850, 8vo.

(Mémoir. Soc. R. Science de Liége, vol. vi). Two species, Lib.

hudsonica, p. 58, and Agrion Doubledayi, p. 209, are described in

this work.

Synopsis des Calopterygines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxelles, 1853, t. xx.

Monographie des Caloptérygines avec collab. H. Hagen. Paris,

1854, 8vo. (Mém. Soc. R. Science de Liége, vol. ?). Fourteen spe-

cies from N. America are described in this work.

Synopsis des Gomphines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell. 1854,-t. xxi.

Monographie des Gomphines, avec collab. H. Hagen. Paris, 1857,

8vo. (Mém. Soc. R. Science de Liége, vol. ?). Thirty-four species

from N. America are described in this work.

—— Additions au Synopsis des Caloptérygines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell.

é Seri2; 1859, T. VIL, No: 7.

—— Additions au Synopsis des Gomphines. Bullet. Acad. Bruxell.,
ser. 2, 1859, T. VII, No. 8.

——— Neuroptéres de V’isle de Cuba, de la Sagra Hist. Cuba, 1857, fol., T.
VII, p. 183—201, or in Poey, Ins. Cuba, 8vo., p. 435—473. Con-
tains thirty-nine species from the West Indies, chiefly Odonata;
several of them are new to science.

Sloame, H.—A voyage to the islands Madeira, Barbadoes, Nieves, St.
Christopher’s, and Jamaica, with the natural history, etc. of insects.
London, 1707—1725, fol., 2 vols. Ten species of Libellula from
Jamaica have been described in this work: 1. Libellula rufa major
(an L. abdominalis?); 2. L. rufa minor (an L. simplex?); 3. L.
maxima ccerulea aut viridis (an Aeschna ingens?); 4. L. purpurea
(Lib. discolor); 5. L. coerulea minor (Agrion spec.).

Stephens, J. F.—Illustrations of British Entomology. London, 8vo.,
1835. Mandibulata, vol. VI. Some species of European Neurop-
tera mentioned in this work have been found in N. America.

Swederus, N. §.—Two species of Panorpa have been described by this
author, Vetensk. Acad. nya Handl. Stockholm, 1787, T. VIII.

Uhler, P. R.—Contributions to the Neuropterology of the United States.
Proceed. Acad. of Nat. Sc. Philad., 1857, March, p. 87. Seven spe-.
cies of Odonata are described.

Walker, F.—Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in
the Collection of the British Museum. London, 8vo., Part I, 1852
(Phryganides, Perlides), p. 1—192; Part II, 1853 (Sialide—Ne-

XvVil AUTHORITIES.

mopterides), p. 193—476; Part III, 1853 (Termitide—Ephemerida), - —

p. 477—585; Part IV, 1853 (Odonata, Calopterygine), p. 586—658.
In this work 234 species from N. America are described; numerous
of them are new, chiefly from Canada and the Arctic regions.

Wesmael, C.—Sur les Hemerobides de Belgique. Bullet. Acad. Brux-
ell., 1841, vol. viii, p. 203. One species of Europe described here
has been found in N. America.

Westwood, J. @.—Monograph of the genus Panorpa. Trans. Entom.

Soc. Lond., vol. iv, with plates. Contains fourteen species from

N. America, some of them new.

On the genus Mantispa. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., new ser., vol. i,

with plates. Contains three species from N. America.

Introduction to the modern Classification of Insects. London, 1840,

8vo., vol. ii. Contains Termes flavipes, figured.

Zetterstedt, J. W.—Insecta Lapponica. Lipsie, 1840, 4to. Some
species from Lapland have been found in the Arctic regions of N.
America.

SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.
(The authorities mentioned above for North Ageia Neuroptera are omitted.)

Blanchard, I.—Insectes du voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale de

M. Alcide d’Orbigny. 4to. pl.

Insectes dans C. Gay historia fisica de Chili. Paris, 1851, 4to. I

have not seen this work; a few Neuroptera are described and

figured.!

Fischer von Waldheim, G.—Notice sur quelques Orthoptéres et
Neuroptéres du Brésil. Bullet. Acad. Moscow, 1834, T. VU, p. 322, .
1 pl. col. Two Mantispa are described and figured.

Hagen, H.—Neuroptera von Mossambic in Peters Reise, T. Il. Written

and printed 1853, but not yet published. Two Termes from Bra-

zil are described.

Monographie der Gattung Oligoneuria. Stettin, Entomol. Zeit.

1856, T. XVI, p. 262.

Description of Mantispa chilensis, in Stettin. Entom. Zeit., 1859, T.

XX, p. 408.

Kirby, W.—Description of the Agrion brightwelli in Trans. Linn. Soc.
London, 1825, T. XIV.

i Twenty-six new species are described, and most of them figured. (Osten Sacken.)

AUTHORITIES. Xvii

Kollar, V.—Brasiliens vorziiglich lastige Insecten in Dr. Pohl’s Reise
in Brasilien. Wien, 1832, 4to. Two species of Termes are de-
scribed and figured.

Pictet, F. J.—Description de quelques nouvelles espéces de Neurop-
téres du Musée de Genéve. Mém. Soc. Phys. Genéve, 1836, T. VII,
p- 299. Bittacus blanchetit and Macronema lineatum are described
and figured. . :

Percheron, A.—Genera des Insecies, with pl. Paris, 1831, 8vo. (with
M. Guérin). One species of Palingenia has been described.

Retzius, A.—C. De Geer genera et species insectorum ex auctoris scrip-
tis extr. Lipsiz, 1783, 8vo.

Remgger, J.—Reise nach Paraguay. Aarau, 1835, 8vo. Some species

of Termes have been described in this work.

Seba, A.—Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio
et iconibus expressio. Amsterdam, 1734—1764, fol.,4 vols. Few
species of Odonata are figured.

Serville, A.—Les Neuroptéres, dans le t. X d’Encyclopedie méthodique
de M. Olivier. (Mantispa semihyalina.)

Thumberg, C. P.—Fauna Surinamensis. Upsalia, 1822, 4to.

Fauna Cayennensis. Upsaliew, 1823, 4to.

‘Fauna Brasiliensis. Upsaliz, 1823, 4to.

Fauna Americe meridionalis. Upsaliev, 1823, 4to., 3 parts. I have

not been able to use this work, which contains the complete list of

all the species described. (cf. Stett. Entom. Zeit. XVIII, p. 202.)

Weber, F.—Observationes entomologice. Kiel, 1801, 8vo. (Ephemera
atrostoma.) ! ‘

Westwood, J. @©.—Characters of Embia. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond.,
1837, T. XVII, with pl.

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ANALYTICAL TABLE,

SECTIONS.

Section I.—PSEUDONEUROPTERA Enricus.

Mandibulate insects with an incomplete metamorphosis (active pupa) ;
lower lip mostly cleft; four membranaceous, reticulate wings (rarely
with rudimentary wings or apterous) ; antenne either subulate, and
then the tarsi three- to five-articulate, or setiform, or filiform, in
which case the tarsi are two- to four-articulate.

Famities.— Termitina, Embidina, Psocina, Perlina, Ephemerina,
Odonata.

Section II.—NEUROPTERA Enricus.

Mandibulate insects with complete metamorphosis (inactive pupa) ;
lower lip entire; four membranaceous, more or less reticulate wings
rarely with rudimentary wings or apterous); antennez setiform,
filiform, clavate, capitate, or pectinate ; tarsi five-articulate.

Faminies.—Stalina, Hemerobina, Panorpina, Phryganina.

FAMILIES.

Four or two distinct wings ;
Antenne inconspicuous, subulate, short and slender.
Anterior and posterior wings nearly of the same length ; tarsi triarti-

culate. Fam. VI. OpoNATA.
Posterior wings either smaller or wanting; tarsi four- or five-articu-
late. Fam. V. EPHEMERINA.
Antenne mostly conspicuous, setiform, filiform, clavate, capitate, or
pectinate.
Tarsi two- or three-articulate ;
Wings equal. Fam. II. Emprpina.

.1 These tables, prepared by Baron Osten Sacken at the request of the Institution, are to
be considered as merely provisional in their nature, and as not aiming at a natural arrange-
ment of the families.

D:0:¢ SYNOPSIS OF NEUROPTERA.

! Wings unequal.

Posterior wings smaller. Fam. III. Psocrna (in part).
Posterior wings broader, or at least of the same size with the
anterior ones. Fam. IV. PEruina (in part).

Tarsi four-articulate; wings equal. Fam. I. TERmitina (in part).
Tarsi five- (Sometimes apparently four-articulate).
Posterior wings with no anal space; not folded.
Mouth more or less rostrated. Fam. 1X. PANorRpPINA (in part).
Mouth not rostrated (at the utmost only conical).
Fam. VIII. HEMERosBina.
Posterior wings with a folded anal space. !
Wings reticulate. Fam. VII. Srauina.
Transverse veins rather few. Fam. X. PuryGaAnina (in part).
Apterous, or with rudimentary wings;

Mouth rostrated. Fam. IX. Panorpina (in part).
Mouth not rostrated.
Tarsi five-articulate. Fam. X. PHRYGANINA (in part).
Tarsi four-articulate. Fam. I. TERMITINA (in part).

Tarsi three-articulate.
Apterous, or with two rudimentary wings of a leathery substance.
Fam. III. Psocrna (in part).
Four rudimentary wings, still with distinct neuration.
Fam. IV. PERuINA (in part).

1 The anal space is absent in a few Phryganina.

NEUROPTERA

NORTH AMERICA.

Section I. PSEUDONEUROPTERA.

Fam. J. TERMITINA.

Body depressed, ovate; head free; wings equal, mem-
branaceous, deciduous; tarsi 4-articulate.

CALOTERMES Hacen.
Head small, two ocelli; prothorax large, transverse, oblong ;
costal area veined; tarsi furnished with an apical plantula.

1. C. castaneus!
Termes castaneus Burm.! II. 764, 3.—Termes anticus Walk.! Catal. 523,
31.—Termes guatimale Walk.! Catal. 528, 38.—Caloterm. castaneus
Hag.) Minn: X11, 38, 1; tab. il, fig. 2;*tab. iii, fig. 2.
Chestnut-color, beneath, antennze and feet luteous; the wings
tinged with brown, margin and costal veins infuscate; head ellip-
tical ; prothorax quadrangular, anteriorly a little sinuated; median
nervule approaching the subcostal one, its apex bifurcated.
Var. Smaller, pale, wings hyaline. (Cuba, St. Domingo.)
Length to tip of wings 13—20 millimetres. Length of body
6—8 millim. Expanse of wings 23—36 millim. ;
flab. San Francisco, California (Chamisso) ; Honduras (Miller) ;
Guatimala (Deby); Cuba; Porto-Rico; St. Domingo, Port-au-
Prince (Ehrenberg); Columbia, Venezuela (Moritz, Appun) ;
Brazil (Olfers); Rio (Schott); St. Leopoldo; Chile; Isle of
France (?). Collection of de Selys Longchamps.

Norze.—An exclamation point after the specific name at the head of 4n
article shows that the description has been made by the author from a spe-
cimen. When placed after a reference, it shows that the author has seen
the type of the description.

2 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

2. C. marginipennis !

Termes marginipenne Latr.! Humboldt, Recueil, II, 111; tab. xxxix,
fig. 8.—Term. mexicanus Walker! Catal. 528, 39.—Caloterm. mar-
ginipennis Hag.! Linn. XII, 47, 6; XIV, 100.

Fulvous, beneath, antenne and feet luteous; wings whitish,
margin and costal veins yellowish ; head square; prothorax square,
anteriorly emarginate; median and subcostal veins separated.

A smaller specimen from San Diego does not differ in coloring.

Var. Smaller, fuliginous, beneath, antenne and feet fuscous;
wings dirty-fuscous, margin and costal veins infuscate. (California. )

Length to tip of wings 18—19 millimetres. Body T—8 millim.
Expanse of wings 31 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Humboldt, Muehlenpford, Deppe); Cuantla
(Saussure) ; San Francisco and San Diego, California.

3. C. posticus!
Calotermes posticus Hag.! Linn. XII, 67, 15.

Piceous, base of the antenne and feet bright yellow; wings
> head square; prothorax oblong.

Length of body 44 millim.

Hab. St. Thomas (Moritz).

4, C. brevis! .

Termes brevis Walk.! Catal. 524, 33—Term. indecisus Walk.! Catal. 524,
32.—Term. flavicollis Walk.! (in part) Catal. 502, 1 (Imago), 503
(Soldier).— Term. lucifugus Walk. (in part)! Catal. 505, 3.—Calo-
term. brevis Hag.! Linn. XII, 68, 16; tab. ii, fig. 6; tab. iii, fig. 5.
Jbriaboigy PCI TOR AONE,

Fulvous, beneath, antenne and feet pale; wings hyaline, costal
veins yellowish, linear, head square; prothorax large, oblong,
anteriorly emarginate ; median nervure distant, curved before the
apex, united to the subcostal one.

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Body 4 millim. Hapaay? of
wings 16 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Deppe), Vera-Cruz (Sallé) ; Central America;
Jamaica (Gosse); Cuba (Poeppig, Osten Sacken); St. Thomas
(Moritz), St. Fe de Bogota; Brazil (Olfers, Schott, Natterer,
Kuemmel).

The variety from Mexico has the median nervure, sometimes not
curved, nor joined to the subcostal one. Is it a distinct species ?

TERMOPSIS—TERMES. 3

TERMOPSIS HEEr.
Head large; ocelli absent ; prothorax small; costal area veined ;
tarsi with an apical plantula.

l. T. angusticollis !
Termes castaneus Walk.! Catal. 506, 4.—Termops. angusticollis Hag.!
inny, XD 75,05) tab. iijfies 13 tabs ii, tigs(6; 412) Linn any,
LOL:
Rufous, beneath paler, mouth infuscate; wings dusky hyaline,
costal veins rufous; head oval, flat; prothorax small, semicircular.
Length to tip of wings 26 millim. Body 11 millim. Expanse
of wings 46 millim.
Hab. Louisiana’ (Pfeiffer); San Francisco, California (Hart-
wee); Ft. Steilacoom, Puget Sound (Dr. Suckley).

2. T. occidentis !

Termes occidentis Walk.! Catal. 529, 41.— Termops. occidentis Hag.!
hinn. X11, 77,2; tab. i, fig. 8. “Linn. XTVerOt.

Soldier. Fulvous, broad, head thick, rounded; prothorax ante-
riorly strongly emarginate ; meso- and metathorax with the poste-
rior angles produced.

Length of body 14 millim.

Hab. West coast of Central America (Wood).

The genus of this species is doubtful; it may, verhaps, be Zer-
mopsis angusticollis Hagen.

TERMES Linn.

Hlead large, rounded, two ocelli; prothorax heart-shaped,
small; costal area free; plantula absent.

1. T. flavipes!
Termes flavipes Kollar! Naturgesch. schidl. Ins. 411. Burm. II, 768, 14.
Burm. Zoolog. Hand-atlas, tab. xxvii, figs. 9,10. Westw.! Intro-
duct. II, 14; tab. lvili, figs. 12,14,15. Hag.! Linn. XII, 182, 26;
XIV, 107. Reichenbach Volksnaturgesch. fig. col. Latr. Diction.
Whist. nat. XXII. Termes frontale Haldem.! (teste Osten Sacken),
Proc. Acad. Philad. 1844, II, 55.

Chestnut color; head and prothorax black-brown; antenne
brownish, annulated with pale; mouth, tibie and tarsi yellow;

4 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings whitish, a little roughened, costal veins yellowish; head
quadrangular, flat, with a distinct fovea in the middle, ocelli dis-
tant, prothorax cordiform.

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Body 5 millim. Hxpanse of
wings 16 millim.

Hab. U. 8. (Bose, Beauvois, Schaum); Cleveland, Ohio (Le
Conte); Cincinnati; Paduca (Motschulsky) ; Pennsylvania (Hal-
deman); Maryland (Uhler); Washington (Osten Sacken); Caro-
lina (Zimmerman); Eutaw, Alabama; Florida (Osten Sacken) ;
Mexico, Matamoras, Tamaulipas (Couch); Europe (Plant-houses
of Schénbrunn, Kollar).

Specimens from Florida are smaller and paler, but not distinct.

2. T. morio!

Termes morio Latr.! Hist. Nat. XIII, 69,3. Dict. d’hist. nat. XXII, 3.
Burm.! II, 767, 11. Hagen! Linn. XII, 201, 34; tab. ii, fig, 29.
Linn. XIV, 122.—TZermes cornigera Motschulsky! Etudes Entom.
IV, 10.

Pitchy-black ; antennze, mouth, feet and venter yellowish : wings
opaque, blackish-gray, costal veins black-brown; head flat, quad-
rangular, a bifid impressed line upon the middle; ocelli large,
distant ; prothorax small, semicircular.

Length to tip of wings 12—14 millim. Body 5 to 6 millim.
Expanse of wings 22—25 millim.

Hab. Guatimala (Sivers); Panama (Motschulsky); St. Domingo
(Ehrenberg) ; Porto-Rico (Moritz); Martinique; Venezuela (Mo-
ritz, Appun) ; Santarem, Brazil (Bates).

Nasuti and workers from Matanzas, Cuba (Osten Sacken), seem
to belong here.

3. T. debilis !

Termes debilis Heer! Insektenfauna der Tertiirgebilde II, 35, 19; tab.
iii, fig. 6 (contained in gum copal). Giebel, Fauna der Vorwelt, II,
295.—Termes morio Burm. (in part) II, 767, 11.—7Z. debilis Hag.!
Linn. XII, 205, 38; tab. iii, fig. 30.

Brownish-black, antenne annulated with white; mouth, feet
and middle of the venter yellowish; wings opaque, blackish-gray,
costal veins fuseous; head convex, square, an impressed point
upon the middle; ocelli small, approaching the eyes; prothorax
small, rounded.

Length to tip of wings 84 millim. Body 35 millim. Hxpanse
of wings 16 millim.

TERMES. 5

Hab. Porto-Rico (Moritz); Brazil, Congonhas (Burmeister).
Frequently found in gum copal.

4. T. Rippertii!
Termes Rippertii Ramb.! Neuropt. 308, 15.—Walk.! Catal. 520, 4;
Hagen! Linn. XII, 218, 47; tab. ii, fig. 13; tab. iii, fig. 32. Jinn.
XIV, 118.—Termes destructor Perty! Delect. 127; tab. xxv, fig. 9.

Ferrugineous, head piceous, fulvous in front; the antenne,
feet, prothorax and abdomen beneath in the middle luteous; wings
opaque, yellowish-gray, costal veins rufous; head flat, with an
impressed line; eyes very prominent, ocelli close to the eyes;
-prothorax semicircular, short.

Length to tip of wings 14—18 millim. Body 5—7 millim.
Expanse of wings 27—35 millim.

Hab. Havana, Cuba (Rippert); Trinidad (Osten Sacken); Ja-
maica (Gosse); Columbia (Moritz); Brazil (Spix); Ypanema
(Natterer) ; New-Freiburg (Beschke) ;. Isle of France? (Collect.
de Selys).

A damaged specimen from Vera Cruz (Sallé) seems to belong
here.

5. T. lividus !

Termes lividus Burm.! II, 767,12. Walk. Catal. 515,13. Hagen! Linn.

KU, 221, 49; tab. iui, fig. 33.

Testaceous, the mouth, middle of the prothorax, antenne, feet,
and margins of the abdominal segments luteous; wings opaque,
yellowish gray, costal veins rufous ; head small, flat, a small yellow
line upon the middle, ocelli large, approaching the eyes ; prothorax
almost orbicular.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Body 6 millim. HExpanse
of wings 27 millim.

Hab. Port au Prince, St. Domingo (Ehrenberg).

6. T. armiger !
Termes armiger Motschulsky ! Etud. Ent. IV, 10. Hagen! Linn. XII,
228, 527) tap. 1 tie. W.

A nasute soldier. Rufous; thorax and feet a little paler; head
pear-shaped, large, anteriorly porrected into a long nose; mandi-
bles ensiform ; prothorax small, anterior lobe narrow, recurved,
anterior angles prominent, depressed, posterior margin rounded.

Length of body 6% millim.

6 NEUROPTERA Of NORTH AMERICA.

Hab. Panama, Obispo (Motschulsky).
Imago unknown.

7. T. tenuis!
Termes tenuis Hagen! Linn. XII, 231, 57; tab. iii, fig. 35.

Pale yellow; head and prothorax a little brownish ; wings
opaque, pale whitish-yellow, the costal veins luteous ; head oblong,
convex, a salient point in the middle; ocelli absent; prothorax
quadrangular.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Body 3 millim. Hxpanse
of wings 20 millim.

Hiab. St. Domingo, Port au Prince (Ehrenberg); Columbia
(Moritz); Brazil (Helm).

The ocelli, which are present in the other species, are absent in
this. In other respects it belongs to the genus. —

8. T. simplex!
Termes simplex Hag.! Linn. XII, 238, 60; tab. iii, fig. 23.

Fulvous, antenne and feet yellowish, wings hyaline, a little
roughened, costal veins yellowish; head rounded, convex, a dis-
tinct fovea upon the middle, ocelli small, closely approximate ;
prothorax flat, semicircular; wings with the median nervure ab-
sent.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Body 5 millim, HExpanse
of wings 17 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poeppig).

An anomalous species. Only a single, very much damaged,
specimen seen.

9. T. nigriceps.
Termes nigriceps Haldeman, Proceed. Acad. Philad. 1853, June, VI,
365.—Hag. Linn. XII, 230, 55.
Workers and soldiers nasute; head blackish-brassy, pyriform,
nasute, antennee, feet and body yellow.
Length of body 3 millim.
Hab. Western Mexico (Leconte). Unknown to me.

10. T. strenuus!
Termes strenuus Hagen! Linn. XIV, 105.

Fuscous, villose; mouth, antenne, feet and margins of the

CLOTHILLA. 7

abdominal segments fulvous; wings opaque, brown, costal margin
yellow, subcostal and basal veins blackish-brown; head rather
large, opaque, rounded, flat, impressed in the middle, brassy, ocelli
rather small, distant ; prothorax semicircular, opaque.

Length to tip of wings 22—25 millim. Body 8—10 millim.
Expanse of wings 42—47 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé).

ll. T. fumosus!
Termes fumosus Hagen! Linn. XIV, 123.—Perhaps imago of Termes
NUGTLCEPS.

Blackish-brown, brassy; antenne blackish-brown annulated with
pale; mouth, venter and feet yellowish-brown, tibiz a little ob-
scure; wings opaque, dark-smoky, costal veins blackish-brown,
the rest fuscous; head flat, rounded, anteriorly bi-impressed ;
ocelli rather large, distant; prothorax hardly narrower than the
head, semicircular. |

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Body 6 millim. Expanse
of wings 24 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé).

I have seen similar specimens, badly preserved, from Matamoras,
Tamaulipas. They may be distinct.

Fam. II]. EMBIDINA.

Body depressed, linear; head free; wings equal, mem-
branous; tarsi triarticulate.

IT have seen a specimen (perhaps a larva) without wings, not
well preserved, from Cuba (Gundlach, Berlin Museum). Pale
fuscous. Length of body 4 millim. Belonging to the genus
Olyntha? It is probably a new species.

_ Fam. III. PSOCINA.
Body oval; head free; prothorax small, obtected; wings
unequal, sometimes wanting; tarsi two- or three-articulate.

CLOTHILLA WeEstwoop.
(Lepinotus von Heyden; Paradoxenus and Paradoxides Motsch.)

Ocelli absent ; wings incomplete, coriaceous ; tarsi triarticulate.

8 . NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. C. picea!
Paradoxenus piceus Motschulsky ! in lit.

Entirely piceous, with a brassy reflection.

The specimen seen was imperfect ; the wings were wanting.
Length of body 1 millim.

Hab. California.

ATROPOS LEAcu.

Ocelli and wings absent; tarsi triarticulate.

1. A. divinatorius.
Termes divinatorius O. Fab. Fn. Groenl. 214, 181.

Pale, mouth fuscous, eyes black, anus obscure (Descript. from
Fab.)

Length 1 millim. ?

Hab, Greenland. In old books. Perhaps it is A. pulsatorius
Leach.

PSOCUS Lartr.

Three ocelli; wings membranaceous, rather unequal; tarsi two-
or three-articulate.

+ Tarsi three-articulate.

* Discoidal cellule closed, quadrangular.

1. P. sparsus!

Psocus sparsus Hagen!

Fuscous, varied with yellow and white; nasus lineated with
erayish-fuscous, front yellow, punctured and lineated with black ;
antenne rather slender, pale; the two basal joints thicker, yel-
low, black at base; thorax fuscous, varied with yellow; femora
fuscous, annulated with pale before the apex, tibie and tarsi pale,
with the apex fuscous; anterior wings opaque, fuscous, densely
varied with yellow and gray, veins yellow, spotted with fuscous ;
pterostigma triangular; posterior wings a little smoky, costal
margin at the apex interruptedly fuscous and yellow.

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Expanse of anterior wings
11 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858); Baltimore (Uhler).

PSOCUS. 9

a lugens !

Psocus lugens Hagen!

Fuscous, varied with white; nasus fuscous, lineated with gray ;
front fuscous, occiput striated with whitish ; antenne rather slen-
der, brownish, two basal articulations thicker, apex pale, sete
with the apical articulations whitish; thorax fuscous, margined
with white; femora fuscous, annulated with pale before the apex;
tibise and tarsi paler, at the apex fuscous; anterior wings opaque,
fuscous, densely varied with gray, margin and veins marked with
white points; pterostigma triangular; posterior wings a little
smoky, costal margin at the apex interruptedly white and fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 43 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 8
millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857).

* * Discoidal cellule open, absent.

3. P. signatus!

Psocus signatus Hagen |

Blackish-fuscous; eyes globose, distant, prominent; nasus
blackish-fuscous, lineated with gray; front each side anteriorly
with an oblique band, and a whitish yellow point upon the occiput;
thorax margined with yellow; abdomen luteous; feet luteous,
tarsi blackish-fuscous; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, pterostigma
narrow, linear, blackish-fuscous, posterior margin at base fuscous;
cellule at the posterior margin free, elliptically triangular.

Length to tip of wings 5 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 9
millim.

Hab. New York.

It is very much like Psocus tmmunis Stephens (naso, Rambur),
but differs a little in the reticulation of the wings. Is it distinct ?

4. P. pumilis!

Psocus pumilis Hagen !

Pale luteous; nasus brassy-fuscous, obsoletely lineated with
gray; front with a medial, longitudinal, blackish-fuscous stripe,
two incurved fuscous lines at the eyes; thorax marked with fus-
cous; the feet pale luteous; anterior wings pale grayish hyaline,
pterostigma, interrupted basal band and the margin behind the

10 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

base fuscous, veins fuscous; pterostigma short, rounded; cellule
of the posterior margin free, elliptical.

Length to tip of wings 33 millim. Expanse of anterior wings
6 millim.

Hab. New York.

+ + Tarst two-articulate.

* Discoidal cellule closed, quadrangular.

5. P. venosus!

Psocus venosus Burm.! II, 778, 10; Walk. Catal. 484, 9.—Ps. magnus
Walk.! Catal. 484, 10.—Ps. microphthalmus Ramb. Neur. 321, 6.—
Ps. aceris Fitch! MSS. Collection of de Selys Longchamps.

Fuscous; head brassy, antennee blackish-fuscous (in the male
rather thicker, pilose), the two basal articulations luteous; thorax
margined with yellow; the feet luteous, tarsi fuscous; anterior
wings fuscous or blackish-fuscous, pterostigma triangular, yellow-
ish; basal veins yellowish, apical ones fuscous; posterior wings
smoky-hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 6—8 millim. Expanse of anterior wings
12—15 millim.

Hab. New York (Winthem, Asa Fitch, Uhler); Washington
(Osten Sacken, 1858); Mount Pleasant, Ohio; Mexico (Deppe);
Cuba (Riehl, Poey); Maryland (Uhler).

Specimens communicated by Baron Osten Sacken are a little
smaller, blacker, with the apex of the tibize black; but they belong
to this species. :

6. P. contaminatus!

Psocus contaminatus Hagen!

Fuscous ; nasus yellow, scarcely lineated with obscure brown;
the front luteous, two occipital spots, two at the nasus and two at
the ocelli black; antennze rather slender, fuscous; thorax black,
margined with yellow; the feet luteous, knees and tarsi fuscous ;
wings hyaline, pterostigma triangular, blackish-fuscous; apical
margin with a large band attaining to the inferior angle of the
pterostigma and a spot upon the middle of the posterior margin,
cloudy-fuscous ; posterior wings hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Expanse of anterior wings
13 millim.

‘

PSOCUS. 11

Hab. New York; Maryland (Uhler); Washington (Osten
Sacken) ; Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé).

7. P. nove scotiz !
Psocus nove scotiz Walk. Catal. 485, 12.—Psocus crataegi Fitch. Col-
lection of de Selys Longchamps.

Blackish-fuscous ; head pale yellow, two spots upon the occiput
and two at the eyes black; front fuscous in the middle; antenne
black ; thorax black, margined with yellow; feet testaceous, tibize
at apex and tarsi pitchy; wings hyaline, anterior ones with four
-fuscous spots, one at the pterostigma, another at the apex, the
rest at the posterior margin, the basal one joined to an obscure
spot; veins black.

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Hxpanse of anterior wings
12 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman); New York (Asa Fitch).

8. P. moestus!

Psocus moestus Hag.!

Brownish-black, spotted with yellow ; nasus yellow, lineated with
fuscous, and fuscous in front; occiput yellow, varied with fuscous,
antenn rather slender, pale, the two basal articulations fuscous;
apex yellow; thorax and abdomen brownish-black; femora fus-
cous, knees yellow, tibiz pale, their apex and the tarsi fuscous;
wings milky-hyaline, densely spread with small fuscous points,
veins fuscous, basal ones yellow; pterostigma triangular, the in-
ternal angle yellow.

Length to tip of wings 45 millim. Expanse of anterior wings
8 millim. .

flab. Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken).

9. P. striatus !
Psocus striatus Walk.! Catal. 486, 16.

Pallid; nasus yellow lineated with black; front yellow, a band
upon the middle and punctiform lines at the eyes black; eyes of
the male globose, prominent, rather approximate; antenne fus-
cous, two basal articulations pale; antenne of the male thicker,
the seta hairy ; thorax black marked with yellow; abdomen yellow,
a black fascia upon the middle; feet pallid, femora fuscous above,

12 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline, pterostigma large triangular, acute,
- fuscous, internal angle paler; posterior margin at base and a
discoidal nebula fuscous; posterior wings hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 6; millim. Expanse of anterior wings
2 millim.

Hab, Nova Scotia (Redman); New York, Washington (Osten
Sacken, 1857) ; Pennsylvania (Zimmerman).

10. P. quietus!
Psocus quietus Hag.!

Luteous; the nasus luteous lineated with black, a spot at base
and two anteriorly black; front luteous varied with black; antennee
pale; thorax black; feet pale luteous, tibie at base and apex
obscurer ; wings hyaline, veins luteous, pterostigma triangular,
inferior angle rounded, obscure. |

Length to tip of wings 5 millim. Expanse of anterior wings
9 millim. é :

Hab. New York; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken).

* * Discoidal cellule open, absent.

ll. P. mobilis !
Psocus mobilis Hag.!

Pale brown, hairy; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, ovate ;
cellule at the posterior margin free, elliptical.

Length to tip of wings 25 millim. Hxpanse of anterior wings
43 millim. |

Hab. Cuba (von Winthem). Described from a single damaged
specimen.

12. P. madidus!
Psocus madidus Hag.!

Pale luteous; nasus brassy fuscous, lineated with obscure gray,
two spots upon the occiput and a third upon the front black;
antenne pallid; tibie obscurer at base; wings pale gray, with two
paler obsolete bands, the veins luteous; pterostigma narrow, ovate;
no posterior marginal cellule.

Length to tip of wings 34 millim. Expanse of anterior wings
6 millim.

flab. New York; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken).

_PSOCUS. 13

13. P. abruptus!
Psocus abruptus Hag.!

Brown, hairy; head and thorax brassy; antennze very slender,
whitish, the apical joints infuscate at their tip; posterior femora
fuscous, whitish at apex; anterior wings brown with a brassy re-
flection, a narrow, transverse, hyaline band before the apex, veins
ciliated : pterostigma elongated, ovate; no cellule at the posterior
margin; posterior wings grayish-hyaline. (Female. )

Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 7
millim.

Hab. Washington; Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken).

14. P. corruptus!

Psocus corruptus Hag.!

Pale brown, hairy; head and thorax brassy; eyes rather promi-
nent, globose, front narrower than in the preceding; antenne
thicker, hairy, seta fuscous, all the articulations pale at base; feet
pale; anterior wings shining brassy-brown, pterostigma brown ; a
spot before the apex, upon the costal margin and a discoidal cloud,
grayish-hyaline; veins with fuscous cilia; posterior wings grayish-
hyaline. (Male.)

Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Expanse of anterior wings 7
millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858); Dalton, Georgia
(Osten Sacken).

Reticulation of the wings as in the preceding. Is it the other
sex of that species ?

The reticulation in Ps. abruptus and Ps. corruptus is abnormal,
and may constitute a distinct subgenus, or rather genus.

15. P. salicis !
Psocus salicis Fitch! Collection of de Selys Longchamps.

Very small, brown; head and thorax brassy; mouth yellow;
eyes very small, front broad; antenne very slender, villose, apex
obscurer; feet pale; wings hyaline, veins brown; pterostigma
hyaline, anteriorly truncated ; posterior marginal cellule elliptical.

Length to tip of wings 1$ millim. Expanse of wings 3 millim.

Hab, New York (Asa Fitch).

14 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

16. P. aurantiacus!

Psocus aurantiacus Hag.!

Orange-colored, shining; head bright orange, occiput in the
middle dusky ; antenne pale, brownish-black at the apex; thorax
orange with four cloudy spots upon the dorsum ; feet yellow, tarsi
fuscous at the apex; abdomen yellow; wings yellowish-hyaline,
pterostigma bright yellowish green; veins yellow, apical ones
fuscous ; cellule of the posterior margin orbicular. (Female.)

Length to tip of wing 3 millim. Expanse of wings 6 millim.

Hab. Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken).

Fam. IV. PERLINA.

Body depressed, elongated, parallel; prothorax large; an-
tenn long, setaceous; wings unequal, posterior ones
broader; tarsi three-articulate.

+ Two abdominal sete.

* Wings charged with many irregular transverse.veins.

PTERONARCYS Newman.
Wings densely net-veined; palpi setaceous; mandibles mem-
branaceous. This genus is very abnormal on account of its imago
being furnished with external branchiee.

1. P. proteus!
Pteronarcys proteus Newman! Entom. Mag. V, 177, 3. Walk.! Catal.
139, 1. Gosse, Canadian Naturalist, fig. —, p. 232.

Fuscous, head broader than the prothorax; antenne paler at
base; sides of the prothorax emarginate, a little broader poste-
riorly, an interrupted yellow line upon the middle. (Is it so always?)
Feet yellowish-fuscous, knees yellow; abdomen beneath yellowish;
the caudal sete luteous, paler at base; ¢ last ventral segment
yellowish, narrower, sparsely punctured; ? ? antepenultimate seg-
ment truncated, armed with two distant, conical, yellowish append-
ages; wings pale grayish-hyaline, veins fuscous, clouded.

Length to tip of wings 88—48 millim. Expanse of wings
73—90 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls, New York (Doubleday); Mackenzie River
district (Richardson) ; North Red River (Robt. Kennicott).

PTERONARCYS. 15

2. P. regalis!

Pteronarcys regalis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 176, 1. Newm.! Annals
Nat. Hist. XIII, 21. Pictet, Perlides, 134. Ann. Sci. Nat. I, 183.
Newport! Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, p. 425; tab. xxi, fig. 1—11; 14—
17. Froriep, Notiz. XXX, 179. Walker! Catal. 140, 3. P. proteus
Pictet, Perl. 128, 1; tab. xxix, fig. 1—6. Ramb. Neuropt. p. 449.

Fuscous, head as broad as the prothorax; antenne pitchy ;
sides of the prothorax emarginate, not broader behind, a narrow,
yellow line upon the middle; feet fuscous; abdomen fuscous, apex
yellowish ; caudal sete fuscous, at base yellowish; ¢ last ventral
segment yellowish; 9 antepenultimate segment produced, in the
middle a broad, quadrangular excision; wings grayish-hyaline,
before the apex a little clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 44—48 millim. EHxpanse of wings T6—
84 millim. |

Hab. Canada; Mackenzie and Slave River districts (Richard-
son); St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barnston) ;
Philadelphia.

3. P. biloba!

Pteronarcys biloba Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 176, 2. Pictet, Perl. 135.
Waik.! Catal. 140, 3.

Brownish-black ; head narrower than the prothorax; prothorax
not emarginated at the sides, posteriorly a little broadened, a line
upon the middle yellow; feet brownish-black ; abdomen brownish-
black, beneath in the middle with a broad, yellowish band; caudal ~
sete brownish-black ; ? antepenultimate ventral segment blackish-
brown, produced, incised in the middle; wings grayish-hyaline,
before the apex a little clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 46 millim. Hxpanse of wings 84 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls; St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hud-
son’s Bay (Barnston); Minnesota (Osten Sacken).

I have seen the typical specimens in the British Museum ; but
I am not certain whether the female from Minnesota belongs here.

4. P. nobilis!
Pteronarcys nobilis Hagen!

Black, head broader than the prothorax ; antenne black ; pro-
thorax quadrangular, sides straight, a yellow line narrowed in the
wniddle; feet black ; abdomen black, beneath with a broad orange

16 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

band ; caudal sete black, piceous at base; ¢ last ventral seement
deep black; 2 antepenultimate one truncated, orange, two short
setiform appendages? (they cannot be clearly seen); wings gray-
ish-hyaline, clouded with fuscous, veins fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 31—34 millim. Expanse of wings 55—
66 millim.

Hab. New York.

Does the ‘‘smaller, new species” from Sherbrooke, Lower
Canada (Gosse, Canadian Naturalist), belong here ?

5. P. californica.

Pieronarcys californicus Newp.! Trans. Linn. Soc. XX, 450. Proceed.
Linn. Soc. I, 388. Walk.! Catal. 140, 5.

Fuscous; labrum, clypeus and front rufous; prothorax with an
interrupted, yellow line upen the middle; abdomen orange-yellowish,
the sides fuscous, the last ventral segment broad, pilose, the apex
deeply incised; caudal sets at base yellow; antenne and feet
black ; wings with obscure black veins, pterostigmal spot absent.

(Description taken from that of Mr. Newport.) (Male.)

Almost the size of P. proteus.

Hab. California (Hartweg).

I saw the species in the British Museum, but I am not now able
to furnish a more accurate description.

6. P. insignis.
Kollaria insignis Pictet, Perl. 123; tab. iv, fig. 1—8. Walker, Catal.
138...

Fuscous; head equal in width to prothorax ; prothorax quadran-
gular, on middle a yellow line; abdomen black, segments margined
behind with yellow; feet yellowish-brown, knees yellowish ; caudal
setee fuscous, yellow at base; ? antepenultimate ventral segment
truncated, two very short setiform appendages? (from the figure) ;
wings grayish-hyaline, before the apex clouded with fuscous;
maxillary palpi very long.

(Description taken from the description and figure of Pictet.)

Length to tip of wings 53 millim. Expanse of wings 86 millim.

flab. The locality unknown. Vienna Museum. It has the
habitus of an American insect. I have not seen the typical spe-
cimen: from the figure and description of Pictet it seems to be a
Pteronarcys. The generic character is derived from the length of

PERLA. 17

the maxillary palpi: it is, however, of doubtful importance. The
species, perhaps, is P. biloba.

aK Wings with few, but rather regular, transverse
veins.

PERLA GeEoFFRoy.

Wings veiny, transverse veins few, very regular; posterior wings
with the anal space large, plicated; palpi setaceous ; two caudal

Sete.

1. P. abnormis!

Perla abnormis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V,177. Pict. Perl. 180,12. Walker!
Catal. 147, 21.—P. arenosa Pict.! Perl. 178, 11; tab. x, fig. 1—2.
Walker, Catal. 147, 19.—P. pennsylvanica Ramb.! Neuropt. 456, 13.
—P. internata Walker! Catal. 152, 41.—P. trijuncta Walker! Catal.
153, 43.—P. sonans Barnston, Newport, Linn. Trans. XX, 447.

Yellowish-fuscous; the head broader than the prothorax, luteous,
obscure in the middle; the antenne fuscous, the second articulation
and sometimes the following ones luteous; prothorax narrower
posteriorly, the angles acute, sides straight, surface rugulose, the
middle line scarcely more distinct; the feet luteous, knees fuscous;
abdomen beneath yellowish, setze fuscous, densely pilose; ¢ last
ventral segment large ovate, with a round, polished spot; 9 ante-
penultimate ventral segment slightly rounded, produced; wings
subhyaline, veins clay-yellow; the vein accessory to the subcosta
four-forked, some transverse Veins.

Length to tip of wings, ¢ 27; 9,35 millim. Alar expanse,
S 50; 2, 60 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River (Barnston); Philadelphia, Pa. (Pic-
tet); Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Georgia (Abbot); South
Illinois (Robt. Kennicott) ; Maryland (Uhler).

I have seen a specimen from Mexico (Muehlenpford, in the
Berlin Museum), which was paler, with many transverse veins,
and the antepenultimate segment produced elliptically. Is it a
distinct species ?

18 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. P. ruralis!
P. ruralis Hagen!

Testaceous; head broader than the prothorax, a curved fuscous
line in front; antenne fusco-testaceous, the second articulation
and some of the following ones luteous; the prothorax quadran-
gular, short, equal, rugulose, angles rather obtuse ; feet testaceous,
knees fuscous; abdomen beneath yellowish, set yellowish, behind
the base banded with fuscous, hardly pilose; 2 antepenultimate
ventral segment a little rounded, produced, before the apex a linear
transverse tubercle; wings sub-hyaline, the veins luteous; anterior
wings with the subcostal accessory veinlet five-branched, transverse
veins very numerous. (Female. )

Length to tip of wings 31 millim. Alar expanse 57 millim.

flab. St. Louis.

3. P. arida!
Perla arida Hagen!

Yellowish-fuscous ; head broader than the prothorax, yellowish,
clouded with fuscous anteriorly ; antennee fuscous, second articula-
tion yellowish ; prothorax narrower posteriorly, angles acute, sides
straight, rugulose, middle line yellowish; the feet luteous, knees
fuscous; the abdomen beneath Iuteous; setz pilose, yellow, arti-
culations of the tip fuscous at their apex; ¢ last ventral segment
large, ovate; 2 antepenultimate ventral segment with a middle
lamina narrow at base and at the apex two-lobed; wings sub-
hyaline, veins fuscous ; anterior wings with the subcostal accessory
vein three-branched, transverse ones few.

Length to tip of wings 23 ¢, 28 2 millim. Alar expanse
43 ¢, 53 2 millim.

Hab. New York, Philadelphia.

Is this not P. arenosa Pictet, tab. x, fig. 2, from Philadelphia?

a. Subcostal accessory veinlet of the anterior wings with four
incurved branches. Subgenus Jsogenus Newm. ephelion Pict.

4, P. frontalis !
Isogenus frontalis Newm.! Entom. Mag. V,178. Mag. Nat. Hist. III, 25.—
Nephelion frontalis Pict. Perl. 172, 8; tab. viii, fig. 10O—11. Walk.!
Catal. 144, 10.—Perla bicaudata Kirby, Fn. Bor. Am. 252.

PERLA. 19

Blackish-fuscous; head hardly broader than the prothorax, an
occipital spot and a frontal one in the shape of a V, yellow; pro-
thorax quadrangular, rugulose, sides straight, a yellow stripe upon
the middle, angles acute; feet yellowish-fuscous, knees blackish-
brown banded with yellow; abdomen fuscous, apex beneath yel-
lowish; the sete pilose, luteous; 9 antepenultimate ventral seg-
ment slightly, but broadly excised; wings hyaline, anterior ones
with a medial costal, hardly conspicuous, fuscous cloud; veins
blackish-brown. (Female. )

Length to tip of wings 24 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim.

flab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); Latitude 68° (Richardson); Trenton Falls, and Ohio
(Schaum). |

I possess a & specimen, taken at the same place, Ohio, most
resembling this, but the incisure of the antepenultimate segment
differs a little; being narrower and longer. Perhaps distinct.

5. P. clio.

Isogenus clio Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. new ser. III, 86,7. Walker Catal.
146, 17.

‘‘Fuscous, head laterally around the eyes yellowish; prothorax
with a median, longitudinal, yellow line; abdomen testaceous.”—
Walker.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

Unknown to me.

6. P. drymo.

Lsogenus drynmo Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. new ser. ITI, 86, 6. Walker
Catal. 146, 18.

‘“ Fuscous, head testaceous, clypeus and a quadrate spot behind
it fuscous ; prothorax fuscous, marked with two large bright testa-
ceous spots; base of the femora paler.”— Walker.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

Unknown to me.

7. P. aurantiaca!

P. aurantiaca Hag.!

Orange-luteous ; head with two ocelli; prothorax narrower be-
hind, sides straight, surface rugulose, angles acute; last ventral
segment short, produced in the middle; wings subhyaline, orange-
yellowish, veins orange; accessory veinlet three-branched.

20 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 35 millim.
Hab. Mexico. ‘The unique type is very defective.

aa Accessory subcostal veinlet of the anterior wings, two-
branched. Subgenus Perla Pictet. (Apical costal space with
some transverse veins. )

S. P. dorsata.
Sialis dorsata Say, Godman’s Western Quart. Rep. 1823, II, 164, 1.

‘‘Black varied with rufous; head blackish, with about six blacker
spots; beneath pale yellowish, labrum pale; palpi black; pro-
thorax blackish, with impressed blacker lines, anterior and poste-
rior incisures and dorsal vitta rufous, angles rather prominent, a
pale obsolete line from the base of the thorax to the abdomen, be-:
neath yellowish, disk of the segments black ; trochanters yellowish;
abdomen black, segments above with yellow posterior margins,
venter pale yellow; nervures of the wings deep black.”—Say
(amended, Uhler).

Length to tip of wings 50 millim. (1? inches). Alar expanse
80 millim. ?

Hab. Ohio River, Pittsburg; ‘common in May.”—Say.

Unknown to me. :

9. P. Coulonii.
Perla Coulonii Pictet, Perl. 212, 22; Pl. x, fig. & Walk. Catal. 150, 32.

‘‘Black; head broad, the sides and occiput luteous; beneath
luteous; the prothorax large, fuscous, very rugulose, the disk
obscurer; abdomen paler fuscous; sete rather short, fuscous;
wings fusco-hyaline, veins fuscous, stout.”— Pret.

Length to tip of wings 46 millim. Alar expanse 77 millim.

Hab. United States. Unknown to me. Perhaps P. dorsata?

Ts it different from Walker’s species, captured at the ‘“‘ Macken-
zie and Slave Rivers ?”

10. P. immarginata.
Sialis inmmarginata Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Rep. IT, 164, 2.

“Black varied with yellow, or yellow varied with black; eyes
deep black-brown; prothorax transversely quadrangular, posterior
angles a little rounded, disk a little rngose, with impressed irregu-
lar lines, an impressed dorsal line, and each side of it a slightly

PERLA. 21

arcuated one; beneath yellow; wings obscure, veins fuscous, im-
marginate.

“Tt varies very much in coloring, being generally entirely yellow
beneath, and sometimes upon the tergum. The thorax has some-
times a yellow dorsal line, and sometimes a black one.”—-Say.

Length to tip of wings 2 30 millim. (‘‘more than one inch”).
Male smaller. sigs

Hab. Ohio River: ‘‘common in May” (Say). Unknown to me.

Perhaps a unique male from Washington (Osten Sacken) be-
longs to this species.

ll. P. lurida!
Perla lurida Hag.!

Testaceous, varied with yellowish ; head hardly broader than the
prothorax, yellowish, a broad fuscous stripe upon the middle excised
in front and drawn out into a semilunar form posteriorly ; antenne
testaceous; prothorax quadrangular, narrower posteriorly, testa-
ceous, rugulose, sides a little incurved, anterior angles acute, pos-
terior ones a little rounded; feet testaceous, knees fuscous, under-
neath yellowish; body beneath yellowish, sete testaceous-yellow,
base of the venter pale yellow; antepenultimate ventral segment a
little produced, triangularly emarginate in the middle; wings tes-
taceo-hyaline, veins fusco-testaceous. (I'emale. )

- Length to tip of wings 33 millim.? Alar expanse 62 millim.
fab. New Orleans (Pfeiffer).

12. P. lycorias !

Perla lycorias Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, III, 85. Pict. Perl. 214.
Walk. Catal. 152, 40.

Testaceous-yellow ; head broader than the prothorax, orange-
yellow, a transverse, trilobed, brownish-testaceous band ; anteriorly
and posteriorly clouded with fuscous; antenne brownish-testaceous,
base yellowish, first articulation brownish-black ; prothorax quad-
rangular, hardly narrower posteriorly, sides straight, angles acute ;
its color orange-yellow, with fuscous rugule, a middle line brown-
ish-black ; feet testaceous, knees aud the tibie externally, fuscous ;
beneath yellowish, sete fusco-testaceous, pilose; ~, last ventral
segment larger, rounded, furnished with a transverse, ovate, flat,
polished tubercle; 9, antepenultimate segment with an elliptical
middle lobe; wings subhyaline, veins fusco-testaceous.

22, NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length to tip of wings 21—28 millim. Alar expanse 42—52
millim.

flab, New York (Trenton Falls). Is this the true P. lycorias
Newm. ?

13. P. tristis !
Perla tristis Hag.!

Fusco-piceous ; head broader than the prothorax, fusco-piceous,
two points anteriorly and two upon the middle yellow; antenns
piceous, base beneath and second articulation paler; prothorax
quadrangular, posteriorly narrower, fusco-piceous, rugulose, shining,
sides a little oblique, posterior angles hardly rounded, anterior ones
acute ; the feet luteous, exteriorly fusco-piceous ; abdomen piceous,
base beneath yellow ; sete fuscous; ¢ last ventral segment larger,
triangular, incurved; ¢ antepenultimate segment truncated ; wings
smoky brownish, costal margin obscurer, veins fuscous. (Male
small.)

Length to tip of wings 17—25 millim. Alar expanse 32—44
millim. |

Hab. Trenton Falls, New York; Washington (Osten Sacken).

14. P. capitata.
Perla capitata Pict. Perl. 214, 23; tab. xviii, fig.4,5. Walker Catal.
150, 31.

Fuscous; head broader than the prothorax, luteous, the disk
and anterior portion black; prothorax quadrangular, narrower
behind, rugulose, fuscous ; abdomen luteous, obscurer at the apex ;
setze Inteous, apex fuscous; feet luteous, exteriorly and tarsi fus-
cous, knees with a black band; wings fusco-hyaline, veins black-
brown. ¢ (The diagnosis is from the figure and description of
Pictet.)

Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim.

ffab. United States. Unknown to me.

15. P. annulipes!

Perla annulipes Hagen !

Brown varied with yellow; head a little broader than the pro-
thorax, brown, occiput, two median spots and a transverse fascia
in front yellow; antenne dusky, two basal articulations pale yel-
low; prothorax quadrangular, narrower behind, sides oblique,
angles acute ; brown, rugulose upon the surface, shining, anteriorly

PERLA. | 23

margined with yellow; feet yellow, a fuscous ring upon the femora
at base, knees, tibie externally and tarsi fuscous; abdomen above
brown, segments margined with yellow; beneath yellow, middle of
the base obscure ; sete yellow at base (the remainder is broken
off); ¢ antepenultimate ventral segment, middle lobe, short, broad,
rounded, infuscated; wings grayish-subhyaline, costal margin a
little yellowish, veins testaceous. (Female.)

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857). Is this P. capitata
Pictet ?

16. P. postica!
Perla postica Walker Catal. 144, 11.

Black; head equal to the prothorax, black, a spot upon the
occipital middle, which is hastiform and sometimes two anteriorly
orange-yellow; antenne black; prothorax transverse, quadran-
gular, short, black, rugulose, an orange stripe upon the middle,
sides straight, angles acute; feet brownish-black ; abdomen black,
beneath in the middle yellowish; sete black; ¢ last ventral seg-
ment larger, ovate, fuscous; ? antepenultimate segment large,
triangularly ovate, fuscous; wings grayish-subhyaline, veins fus-
cous.

Length to tip of wings 15—20 millim. Alar expanse 28—34
millim.

flab. Louisiana (Schaum); Mackenzie River (Richardson).

I do not know whether this is the same with Walker’s species
or not. It is some time since I examined his specimens in the
British Museum.

The words in Mr. Walker’s diagnosis, ‘‘prothorax produced into
an acute angle, or short horn on each side by the foreangle,” are
erroneous, and they are accordingly omitted here.

17. P. olivacea !
Perla olivacea Walk. Catal. 144, 12.

Fuscous; head hardly broader than the prothorax, fuscous, ful-
vous in front with a large occipital, trilobed, transverse spot; an-
tennee fuscous, fulvous at base ; prothorax transverse, quadrangular,
shorter, fuscous, rugulose, a broad, yellow middle stripe; sides
straight, anterior and posterior margin a little rounded; the feet
fuscous, beneath and tibice luteous ; abdomen fuscous; sete luteous,

94 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

pilose; ¢ with last ventral segment luteous, larger, oval; wings
small, shorter than the abdomen, subhyaline, veins fuscous.
Length of body 9 millim.
Hab. Arctic America. - St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River
(Barnston), Is this Walker’s species ?

18. P. media.
Perla media Walker Catal. 145, 13.

Black ; head broader than the prothorax, black, the sides, poste-
rior margin and two spots yellowish-brown; prothorax quadran-
gular, black, rugulose, with a middle sulcus; narrower posteriorly,
anterior angles acute, posterior ones rounded ; wings subcinereous,
veins black.

Length to tip of wings? 20 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston). Unknown to me. Is it not P. immarginata ?

19. P. zthiops.
Perla xthiops Walk. Catal. 154, 45.

Black ; head hardly broader than the prothorax, black; pro-
thorax quadrangular, narrower behind, black, subrugulose, sub-
sulcated, sides convex, angles subacute; wings blackish-fuscous,
veins black. (The diagnose is taken from that of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings? 24 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Hartweg). Unknown to me. Is it not P. tristis?

20. P. cincta.
Perla cincta Pict. Perl. 229; tab. xx, fig. 5. Walk. Catal. 156, 50.

Black varied with yellow; head broader than the prothorax,
black, in front yellow; antennz black, the basal article fuscous ;
prothorax transverse, angles rounded, sides straight, surface sub-
rugose, black, margined with yellow, the anterior margin broader,
upon the middle a yellow stripe; abdomen and sete fuscous; the
feet luteous, streak of the femora, and the knees black, tibize at
base and tarsi black; wings tinged with yellowish, semihyaline,
veins orange-yellow. (From the figure and description of Pictet. )

Length to tip of wings 30 millim. Alar expanse 50 millim.

flab. Vera Cruz. Unknown to me. |

21. P. nigrocincta!
Perla nigrocincta Pict.! Perl. 236, 34; tab. xxii, fig. 5—8. Walker,
Catal. 158, 56.

PERLA. 95

Yellow varied with fuscous; head as wide’as prothorax, yel-
low, disk brownish-black, only two ocelli; antenne fuscous; pro-
thorax yellow, rugulose, externally the half each side fuscous,
sulcus upon the middle fuscous ; posteriorly narrower, in front and
_ sides rounded, anterior angles subacute, posterior ones rounded ;
feet yellow, knees, tibiee and tarsi externally fuscous; abdomen
yellow; sete yellow; ¢ last ventral segment large, ovate; wings
fusco-subhyaline, costal margin somewhat yellowish, veins testa-
ceous. (Male.) ;

Length to tip of wings 18 (—22) millim. Alar expanse 33
(—41) millim.

Hab, Mexico (Koppe); Cordova (Saussure).

22. P. dilaticollis!
Perla dilaticollis Burm.! II, 880, 7. Pict.! Perl. 240,36; tab. xxiii, fig.
5—10. Walk. Catal. 158, 58.

Yellow varied with brown; head wide as the prothorax, yellow,
in front clouded with fulvous: ocelli only two, black; the antennee
brown, the base luteous; prothorax narrower behind, anteriorly
rounded, rugulose, brown, a broad, yellowish middle vitta, sides
oblique, anterior angles rounded ; feet yellowish, knees and tibize
externally a little infuscated ; abdomen and sete yellowish; ¢ last
ventral segment large, ovate; 2 antepenultimate ventral segment
truncate ? wings testaceo-subhyaline, veins testaceous, accessory
subcostal vein incurved.

Length to tip of wings 10—13 millim. Alar expanse 20—27
millim.

flab. Mexico; Columbia; Brazil; North America (Museum
Vienna). I have not seen the Mexican specimens.

23. P. litura.
Perla litura Pict. Perl. 242, 37; tab. xxiv, fig. 1—3. Walk. Catal.
159, 59.

Yellow varied with brown; head as wide as the prothorax, brown,
margined with black, only two ocelli, antenne blackish ; prothorax
brown, rugulose, a broad middle yellow stripe; broad, narrower.
behind, in front rounded, anterior angles rounded, sides oblique ;
feet yellowish, knees, tibise externally and apical ring, and tarsi
fuscous; abdomen and sete yellow; wings grayish-subhyaline,
costal margin obscurer, veins fuscous. (Taken from the figure and
description of Pictet.)

26 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.
flab, Mexico. I have not seen it. Is it not P. dilaticollis?

24. P. similis !
Perla similis Hagen!

Fuscous varied with fulvous ; head as wide as the prothorax, fus-
cous, sides fulvous, antenne blackish-fuscous ; prothorax quadran-
gular, transverse, rugulose, fuscous, a broad fulvous stripe upon
the middle, sides straight, anteriorly and posteriorly somewhat
rounded, angles subacute; feet fuscous; abdomen fuscous, apex
above bright fulvous ; yellowish-brown below; sete blackish-fus-
cous; 2 antepenultimate ventral segment truncated ; wings smoky-
hyaline, costal margin obscurer, veins deep fuscous. (Female. )

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

fab. Pennsylvania and Maryland (Uhler).

25. P. xanthenes. .

Perla xanthenes Newm. Entom. Mag. V,178. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser.

III, 35, 3. Pict. Perl. 245, 38; tab. xxi, fig. 3,4. Walker, Catal.
159, 60.

Body entirely pale yellow; head hardly broader than the pro-
thorax, with a fuscous spot, ocelli black; prothorax quadrangular,
rugulose, posteriorly a little narrower, angles subacute; apex of
the femora hardly annulated with fuscous ; apex of the abdomen
fuscous; wings pale yellowish, subhyaline; veins pale yellow.
(Taken from the figure and description of Pictet.) (Female. )

Length to tip of wings? 27 millim. Expanse of wings 47
millim.

Hab. Pennsylvania; Georgia (Abbot).

26. P. annulicauda.

Perla annulicauda Pict. Perl. 249, 40; tab. xxii, fig. 1—4. Walk.
Catal. 160, 64.

Lurid ; head as wide as the prothorax, lurid, disk obscurer, ante-
riorly a pale sinuated nebulous stripe, ocelli (two?) posterior ones
banded with black, prothorax short, rugulose, lurid, rugule paler ;
sides and angles rounded; the abdomen luteous, the setz luteous
annulated with black ; the feet luteous, femora above, knees, base
and apex of the tibise and apex of the tarsi fuscous; wings yel-
lowish-gray, semihyaline, apex of the costal margin obscurer, veins
- luteous. (Taken from the figure and description of Pictet.)

PERLA. Pe

Length to tip of wings 22 millim. Alar expanse 29—88 millim.
Hab. Mexico; Brazil. Unknown to me.

27. P. costalis.
Perla costalis Pict. Perl. 264, 48; tab. xxiv, fig. 4. Walk. Catal. 162, 70.

Fuscous; head broader than the prothorax, fuscous, in front
rufescent; antennee black; prothorax quadrangular, black, middle
reddish-rugulose, angles rounded, behind narrower; abdomen
yellowish-fuscous ; the sete fuscous, at base luteous; feet yellow-
ish, apex of the femora, tarsi, black, tibiz exteriorly fuscous ;
wings fuscous, veins black, costal one golden-yellow. (Taken from
the figure and description of Pictet.)

Length to tip of wings? 18 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz. Unknown to me.

28. P. occipitalis!

Perla occipitalis Pict. Perl. 254, 43; tab. xxvi, fig. 1—3. Walker,
Catal. 160, 65.

Yellow varied with brown; head broader than the prothorax,
ocelli black, only two in number, surface between the ocelli black-
ish-brown, remaining surface yellow, in front clouded with fulvous ;
antenne brown, their base luteous, with the basal articulation
blackish-fuscous at base, and at its apex luteous; prothorax brown,
rugulose, posteriorly narrower, anteriorly somewhat rounded, sides
a little oblique, anterior angles acute; feet yellow, exteriorly fus-
cous; abdomen and sete yellowish; Y antepenultimate ventral
segment truncated; wings testaceo-subhyaline, costal space yel-
lowish, veins testaceous ; accessory vein direct. (Female only seen.)

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab, Philadelphia; New York; Washington (Osten Sacken) ;
Maryland (Uhler). | }

Very similar to P. dilaticollis. In the specimen from Maryland
the prothorax has a middle yellow stripe, anteriorly and posteriorly
broadened.

29. P. picta.
Perla picta Pict. Perl. 261, 47; tab. xxvii, fig. 3, 8.

Yellowish-fulvous; the head broader than the prothorax, lute-
ous, a spot upon the middle triangular, and another irregular,
between the ocelli black, ocelli three; antenne yellowish, apex

28 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

fuscous; prothorax at sides black, with a luteous medial line or
broader fascia; quadrangular, sides almost straight, angles some-
what rounded; abdomen and set luteous; wings hyaline, hardly
obscured, veins fuscous. (Taken from the figure and description
of Pictet.) r |

Length to tip of wings 16—18 millim. Alar expanse 27—32
millim. .

Hab. North America. Unknown to me and a somewhat doubt-
ful species.

30. P. placida !
Perla placida Hag.!

Yellowish-fulvous ; the head a little broader than the prothorax,
luteous, in front clouded with fulvous, a large discoidal, quad-
rangular black spot, three ocelli; antennz fuscous, base yellow,
basal article fuscous above; prothorax rugulose, brown, posteriorly
a little, anteriorly somewhat rounded, sides a little oblique, ante- °
rior angles acute; the feet luteous, knees subfuscous; the abdo-
men and set luteous; ¢ last ventral segment larger, ovate; °
antepenultimate one truncate; wings pale testaceo-hyaline, costal
space yellowish, veins testaceous.

Length to tip of wings 10—12 millim. Alar expanse 17—23
millim.

Hab. New York; Washington (Osten Sacken, 1857). Very
similar to P. occtpitalis.

ol. P. ephyre!
Chloroperla ephyre Newm.! Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. III, 87,5. Pictet.
Perl. 283, 3. Walk.! Catal. 168, 91.

Yellowish fulvous; head broader than the prothorax, yellowish-
fulvous, ocelli three, joined together by a V-shaped brownish-black
line, antennze fuscous, base hardly yellow, basal articulation ob-
scurer; prothorax yellowish-fulvous, rugulose, hardly narrower
behind, anteriorly somewhat rounded, sides almost straight, ante-
rior angles acute; feet yellowish, knees exteriorly a little dusky 5
abdomen yellowish; sete yellowish, at apex fuscous; ? ante-
penultimate ventral segment truncated; wings pale testaceo-hya-
line, veins luteous, costal space slightly yellowish.

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); New York; New Orleans; Berkeley
Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken).

PERLA. 29

32. P. clymene. .
Chloroperla clymene Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2d ser. III, 87,4. Pict.
Perl. 283, 4. Walk. Catal. 167, 87.

“ Head yellow, eyes and ocelli black; wings lightly tinged with
fuscous, nervures all fuscous.”,—Wewman.

Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot). Unknown to me. Does it belong here?

Subgenus Chloroperla Pictet. (Costal, apical space with one
transverse vein.)

33. P. Guerinii.

Perla Guerinii Pict. Perl. 279,55; tab. xxx, fig. 6—8. Walk. Catal.
164, 77.

Black; head as wide as the prothorax, black, a stripe upon the
occiput yellow; prothorax quadrangular, anteriorly narrower,
rugulose, a stripe upon the middle yellow; feet brown, femora and
tibiee with a longitudinal line, and tarsi, black; abdomen black,
the last segment whitish-gray ; sete fuscous, pilose, base whitish ;
wings dusky subhyaline, veins dusky. (Krom the figure and de-
scription of Pictet.)

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

fab, New Orleans. Unknown to me.

34. P. maculata.

Perla maculata Pict. Perl. 280, 56; tab. xxx, fig. 9. Walker, Catal.
164, 78.

Black; head as wide as the prothorax, yellow, disk broadly black ;
prothorax black, with a yellow middle line, posteriorly narrower,
sides rounded; wings dusky, costal space obscurer, veins black.
(From the figure and description of Pictet.)

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.

fab. Philadelphia. Unknown to me.

35. P. decolorata.
Perla decolorata Walker, Catal. 170, 98.

Pale testaceous; head a little broader than the prothorax, pale
testaceous, with an irregular, discoidal, black spot; prothorax
quadrangular, subrugose, a large fuscous spot each side, sides
straight, angles subacute ; wings hyaline, veins black, testaceous
at base. (From the description of Mr. Walker.)

30 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

Alar expanse 27 millim.
Hab. Great Bear Lake (Richardson). Unknown to me.

36. P. decisa.
Perla decisa Walker, Catal. 170, 99.

Ferrugineous, shining; head broader than the prothorax, testa-
ceous, antenne fuscous; prothorax square, rugulose, angles sub-
acute; wings gray, veins black.

Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

37. P. bilineata!

Sialis bilineata Say, Godman’s Western Quarterly Reporter, II, 165, 4.—
Chloroperla transmarina Newm.! Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, ITI, 87, 3.
Newm.! Ent. Mag. V, 499. Walk. Catal. 161, 89. Pictet. Perl.
283, 2. Perla picta Walk. Catal. 161, 169.

Pale fuscous, varied with yellow; head broader than the pro-
thorax, with three ocelli ; surface yellow, two, anteriorly conjoined,
semicircular, fuscous lines upon the disk, two straight fuscous lines
before the discal ones; antenne yellowish, apex fuscous, basal
articulation dusky ; prothorax quadrangular, yellow, rugulose, each
side with a broad fuscous stripe, sides straight, posteriorly hardly
narrower, angles acute; the feet luteous, knees, and exteriorly
obscurer; the abdomen and setz Iuteous, 2 antepenultimate ven-
tral segment rounded at apex; wings grayish-hyaline, exteriorly
tinged with yellow, veins testaceous. (Female.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab, Canada; Trenton Falls, New York; Ohio (Schaum) ;
“ Cincinnati, 15th May: not rare” (Say).

38. P. severa!

Perla severa Hag.!

Pale yellow; head hardly broader than the prothorax, pale yel-
low, three black ocelli; antenne pale yellow, apex obscurer ; pro-
thorax quadrangular, rugulose, pale yellow, a narrow brown stripe
upon the middle, sides straight, angles obtuse, rounded; feet yel-
lowish, exteriorly obscured, tarsi blackish fuscous ; abdomen :
wings hyaline, veins fuscous, base and disk partly pallid.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. Island of Unga, Russian America.

ISOPTERYX. 31

39. P. citrinella.
Perla citrinella Newp. Proc. Linn. Soc. I, 388, 6. Newp. Trans. Linn.
Soc. XX, 540,1. LP. citrinella Walk. Catal. 169, 97.

Pale luteous; the head as wide as the prothorax, ocelli fuscous ;
antennee fuscous, pale at base; prothorax not broader behind,
luteous, subrugulose, the anterior margin and middle line blackish,
angles obtuse, sides incurved ; wings hyaline, veins pale. (From
the description of Mr. Walker.)

Length to tip of wings(?) 13 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); Nova Scotia (Redman. )

Unknown to me. The description of Mr. Newport differs a
little: ‘‘antennee entirely black.” The description of Mr. Walker
was drawn from the typical specimen. Is it an Jsopteryx ?

40. P. imbecilla.
Sialis imbecilla Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Rept. II, 165, 3.

Pale green, immaculate ; head with three fuscous ocelli, antenne
rather obscurer, pilose; prothorax transversely oval, rugulose;
wings greenish-white. (Taken from the description of Mr. Say.)

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.

Hab. Ohio River at Cincinnati. Common in the middle of
May (Say). Unknown to me. Is it an Jsopteryx ?

ISOPTERYX Pict.
Wings with the transverse veins rare, almost absent; no basal

space to the posterior wings; palpi setaceous, last articulation
shortest.

l. I. cydippe!

Chloroperla cydippe Newm. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, III, 88, 8. Pict. Perl.
317. Walk. Catal. 168, 88.—Chl. sulphurea Fitch! (Collection of
de Selys Longchamps. )

Pale yellow, immaculate; head hardly broader than the pro-
thorax, three black ocelli; antennz nigro-fuscous, base pallid:
prothorax transversely oval, subrugulose, angles rounded; feet
pale, tarsi nigro-fuscous; wings greenish-hyaline, veins pale.

Length to tip of wings f 7? 9millim. Alar expanse ¢ 18
2 16 millim.

32 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); Trenton Falls, New York; Washington
(Osten Sacken, Asa Fitch). Is it not P. imbecilla? ‘

CAPNIA PIcrer.
Wings veiny, transverse veins very few and very regular; anal
area of the posterior wings large, plicate; palpi filiform, last joint
ovate, longer than the preceding one; two sete.

Ll. C. pygmaea !
Semblis pygmaea Burm.! II, 874, 1.(4)—Capnia pygmaea Pictet! Perl.
324, 2; tab. xl, fig, 1—3. Walk. Catal. 175, 2.—Perla nivicola
Fitch ! Winter Insects of E. New York, 5, 3.

Black, shining, with gray hairs; articulations of the antenne long;
prothorax rounded, subrugulose, in front with an impressed, curved
line; feet black, tibie brown, at the apex pitchy, tarsi fuscous ;
abdomen black ; sete with somewhat near 20 articulations, black,
apex fuscous; ¢ wings rudimentary ; 2 wings pale, veins fuscous ;
penis of the male long; to the back of the abdomen two tubercles,
placed before the apex of the penis.

Length to tip of wings 43 ¢, 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 9
millim.

Hab. Pennsylvania (Zimmerman); Newfoundland. ‘‘ New York,
common in February.”—Dr. Fitch.

Is not Capnia vernalis Newport, this same species ?

2. C. necydaloides!
Capnia necydaloides Pict.! Perl. 326, 3; tab. xl, fig. 4—5.9 ; Walker,
Catal. 175, 3.

Black, shining; articulations of the antenne long; prothorax
rounded, subrugulose, anteriorly an impressed, curved line; feet
black, tibie brown, piceous at the apex, tarsi fuscous; the abdo-
men luteous, the apex black; sete black, with 13—18 articulations,
the apex fuscous; ¢ wings rudimental; 2 wings a little longer
than the abdomen, pale, the veins stout, black; penis shorter than
in the preceding species; abdomen having one dorsal tubercle
before the apex of the penis.

Length to tip of wings ¢ 4, 2 63 millim. Alar expanse 112
millim.

Hab. North America (Pictet); Washington, 20th December
(Osten Sacken). |

CAPNIA. as

3. C. minima!
Perla minima Newp.! Proc. Linn. Soc. I, 388, 2. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX,
450, 2. Walk.! Catal. 183, 19.

Black, shining; antenne moniliform; prothorax narrower than
the head, subquadrate, sides straight, angles acute; feet blackish-
fuscous; abdomen black (sete with 13 articulations, Newp.); ¢
wings rudimental; ? wings pale, veins black; penis ¢ very short;
abdomen having no dorsal tubercle before the apex of the penis.

Length to tip of wings f 24; 2 6 millim. Alar expanse, 7
millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay; April
(Barnston). !

I possess only the male; the remainder of the description is
from Newport and Walker.

4. C. vernalis!

Capnia vernalis Newp. Proc. Linn. Soc. 388, 3. Trans. Linn. Soc. XX,
451, 3. Walk. Catal. 176, 8. Nemoura tenuis Walk.! Catal. 182, 13.

Black, shining, sparingly pilose; antenne moniliform; protho-
rax narrower than the head, rounded, rugulose; feet, abdomen, and
setze blackish-fuscous; setae with somewhat near 20 articulations ;
wings pallid, veins fuscous; wings with the form and reticulation
of Nemoura (subgenus restricted); penis rather long; no dorsal
tubercle before the apex of the penis.

Length to tip of wings 6—7 millim. Alar expanse 10—12
millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

I possess a male and female from the British Museum; they are
certainly WV. tenuis Walker, but I do not know whether the speci-
mens described in the same place and taken in New York, belong
here. Nor have I quoted here Newport’s species C. vernalis, with-
out some doubt. But not finding his typical specimens in the
British Museum, I am rather inclined to believe that Mr. Walker
has erroneously united them to WV. tenuis. NV. tenuis Pictet is very
different.

+ + No abdominal sete.
* Second articulation of the tarsi equal to the others.

34 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

TAENIOPTERYX Picrer. .

Wings a little involuted, veined, transverse veins very scarce,
rather regular; anal area of the posterior wings large, plicated ;
palpi filiform, the last article ovate; no abdominal sete; tarsi with
three long, equal articles.

1. T. fasciata!

Semblis fasciata Burm.! II, 875, 6. Pict.! Perl. 359, 5, tab. xlvi, fig. 4, 5.
Walker, Catal. 179, 5.

Black, with gray pile; head hardly broader than the thorax, in
front and at the eyes rufous, tubercles flat, polished, anteriorly with
two parallel grooves; antennve fuscous, the basal articulation black;
prothorax broader behind, rugulose, sides oblique, posterior margin
rounded, anterior angles subacute, tubercles a little shining, near
the anterior margin a transverse, biarcuated sulcus, two closely
approximated, linear, parallel discoidal tubercles, at the posterior
margin a transverse sulcus; feet yellowish-brown, femora exteriorly,
tibiz at base and the tarsi blackish-brown; abdomen black, shin-
ing, 9 appendix broad, yellow, triangular, beneath excavated, the
apex narrow, rounded, incurved; ¢ appendix yellow, lanceolate ;
wings subhyaline, a gray transverse band upon the middle and
another at the apex; veins fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 11—13 millim. Alar expanse 28—25
millim.

Hab. Philadelphia, Pa.; Washington, April (Osten Sacken).

2. T. similis !
Teniopteryx similis Hagen!

Black, shining; head broader than the prothorax, shining, hardly
rufous anteriorly, antennee black; prothorax short, broad, sides
oblique, posterior margin rounded, anterior angles rounded, poste-
rior ones acute, anterior margin subreflexed, very rugulose; feet
brown, femora exteriorly and the tarsi blackish-brown; abdomen
black, shining; the last ventral segment truncated; wings subhy-
aline, with three broad gray bands, the extreme one is apical, veins
fuscous. (Female. ) )

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.

flab, Washington, May (Osten Sacken).

TAENIOPTERYX. 85

I possess males from Washington, April (Osten Sacken), with
the femora unarmed, the ventral appendage narrow, oval, concave,
and with the sculpture of the front, anteriorly, a little different.
Is it a new species?

3. T. frigida!
Teniopteryx frigida Hagen!

Black, grayish-pilose; head hardly broader than the prothorax,
in front fuscous, tubercles flat, polished; anteriorly with two parallel
furrows; antennee black; prothorax hardly broader posteriorly, sides
_ straight, anterior and posterior margin subrotund, anterior angles
rounded, posterior ones square, with a few flat, polished tubercles,
near the anterior margin a transverse biarcuated sulcus, at the pos-
terior margin a transverse one; feet yellowish-brown, femora ex-
teriorly, tibie at base and the tarsi blackish-brown; abdomen
black, shining; wings subhyaline, a gray band upon the middle
and another at the apex, veins fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. Maryland (Ubler).

Is this not WV. nivalis Fitch, Winter Ins. 6, 4. Walk. Catal.
190,48? It is certainly a Teniopteryx, and perhaps 7. fasciata
Burm.?

4, T. maura! .
Teniopteryx maura Pict.! Perl. 361, 6; tab. xlvi, fig. 6.

Black, opaque; head equal to the prothorax, rugulose, occiput
punctated, antenne blackish-brown; prothorax broader behind,
sides sinuated, oblique, anterior angles rounded, posterior ones
subacute, the anterior and lateral margins a little recurved, tuber-
cles very few, polished; feet whitish-pilose, femora black, tibiz
luteous; abdomen black; wings grayish-hyaline or fuscous, veins
fuscous ; male with shorter wings, the ventral appendage oblong,
concave. The same sex has a robust tooth upon the middle of the
femora beneath.

Length to tip of wings, (9; 2 15 millim. Alar expanse 9 27
millim. )

Hab, Philadelphia, Pa.; Washington, April (Osten Sacken).
Common.

36 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. T. glacialis ! '
Nemoura (Brachyptera) glacialis Newp.! Proc. Linn. Soc. I, 389, 4. Trans.
Linn. Soc. XX, 451. Walk.! Catal. 192,53. NV. maura Walk.! Catal.
179, 7. (Female.)

Allied to 7. maura; differs in having the occiput verrucose, and
the prothorax smoother; the wings in the males rudimentary, the
femora unarmed, the ventral appendage quadrangular, flatter.

Length to tip of wings 9—15 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-.
ston).

* * The second article of the tarsi small, shorter than
the others.

NEMOURA Picter.
Wings veiny, flat, transverse veins few, very regular, veins of
the pterostigma forming an X; anal area of the posterior wings
large, plicate; no sete; the second articulation of the tarsi short.

1. N. completa.
Nemoura completa Walk. Catal. 191, 52.

Black, shining; head broader than the prothorax, upon the disk
a luteous spot; prothorax quadrangular, equal, sides straight,
angles subacute, surface subrugulose, a smoother sulcus upon the
middle; feet ferruginous; wings hyaline; anterior ones with a band
upon the middle and another at apex fuscous, veins fuscous. (From
the description of Mr. Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 8? millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman). Unknown to me. May it not
belong to Tentopteryx?

2. N. albidipennis !
Nemoura albidipennis Walk. Catal. 191, 51.

Piceous, shining; head broader than the prothorax; antenne
fuscous; prothorax quadrangular, sides straight, angles subacute,
anterior margin a little recurved, disk with a few tubercles; feet
pale luteous, apex of the femora and base of the tibiz fuscous ;
abdomen yellowish-fuscous; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, a little
margined with fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.

LEUCTRA. oT

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken); Nova Scotia (Redman)
Is not the ferruginous-colored species of Mr. Walker distinct from
this?

3. N. perfecta!
Nemoura perfecta Walk.! Catal. 191, 51.

Black, shining ; head broader than the prothorax, antenne black,
prothorax narrower behind, sides oblique, anterior angles rounded,
the anterior margin a little recurved, disk with a few tubercles ;
feet testaceous, femora exteriorly and the tarsi brownish-black ;
wings clouded with fuscous, broadly margined with fuscous, veins
fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Nova Scotia (Redman).
It may be different from Mr. Walker’s species.

I possess an individual of the European JV. variegata, labelled
“Philadelphia,” but the label is very doubtful.

LBEUCTRA STEPHENS.

Wings veiny, involuted when in rest, transverse veins very few,
very regular, veins of the pterostigma simple (7. e., not forming
an X); anal area of the posterior wings small, plicate; caudal setz
absent; the second articulation of the tarsi short.

1. L. tenuis!

Nemoura tenuis Pict.! Perl. 375, 10; tab. xlix, fig. 1—3.

Fuscous, opaque, head a little broader than the prothorax; an-
tenne fuscous; thorax quadrangular, sides straight, angles sub-
acute, disk with three elevated lines, the middle one straight, the
others subincurved; feet fulvous, abdomen fuscous; wings subhy-
aline, a little ciliated, veins fulvous.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 12 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia; Washington (Osten Sacken); Sharon
Springs, New York, in August (Osten Sacken).

2. L. ferruginea!
Nemoura ferruginea Walk.! Catal. 183, 18.

Fusco-ferruginous, somewhat shining; head a little broader
than the prothorax; antenne ferruginous; prothorax a little

38 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

broader in front, quadrangular, sides a little convex, anterior an-
gles somewhat rounded; disk with three straight elevated lines,
the outer ones shorter; feet and abdomen ferruginous; wings
subhyaline, a little ciliated, veins ferruginous.
Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.
Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).

Fam. V. EPHEMERINA.

Body elongated, conical; prothorax of moderate size; an-
tenn small, subulate; parts of the mouth rudimentary, con-
nate; caudal setze two or three, long, slender; wings unequal,
posterior smaller, or sometimes absent; transverse veins few
or numerous; tarsi four- or five-articulated.

EPHEMERA Linn.
Three long and equal caudal sete ; wings four, transverse veins
very humerous; eyes remote, in the males simple.

1. HE. decora!
Ephemera decora Walk.! Catal. 537, 7. Male Imago.

& Imago. Rather luteous, apex of the antenne black; the
head, thorax, and abdomen each side with a fuscous fascia, that of
the abdomen broader, exteriorly serrated; beneath yellowish, ab-
domen bilineate; anterior feet very long, luteous, the apex of the
femora, base and apex of the tibis and apex of the tarsal articu-
lations fuscous; posterior feet (partly destroyed) luteous; sete
luteous, long, the articulations fuscous; wings yellowish-hyaline,
veins fuscous, partly margined with fuscous, anterior ones with
some discoidal fuscous spots. Female paler, feet shorter, wings
more hyaline.

Length of body 11 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim. Sete 25
millim.

Hab. New Haven; Canada (Barnston); Chicago (Osten Sacken).

Does H. guttulata Pictet. Ephem. 135, 4, tab. iv, fig. 4, belong
here? Ihave never seen it, and the locality is unknown. The
figure and description agree, but yet, the wings are more spotted.

2. E. simulans.
Ephemera simulans Walk.! Catal. 536, 5.

Piceous; feet fulvous, anterior ones obscurer; sete pale pice-

EPHEMERA. . 39

ous, pubescent, longer than the body; wings subcinereous, the
anterior ones maculated and subfasciated with fuscous, the apex
and posterior margin not maculated; veins cloudy. (From Mr.
Walker’s description.)

Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 31 millim. Sete 14
millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River.

Is it not a female subimago? I have seen the specimen described
and noted ‘‘that it was allied to L. vulgata, but smaller.”

3. E. hebes.
Ephemera hebes Walk. Catal. 538,8. Q Subimago.

Piceous; antenne black; feet testaceous, anterior ones fuscous;
sete fusco-testaceous ; wings cinereous, veins black. (From Mr.
Walker’s description. )

Length of body 9 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim.

Hab. St. Johns, Newfoundland.

The specimen described is in the British Museum.

4. E. natata!
Palingenia natata Walk.! Catal. 551,13. © Subimago.

Fusco-testaceous; antenne black; abdomen interruptedly bi-
vittated with fuscous; sete pilose, fulvous, banded with fuscons,
a little shorter than the body; feet testaceous, tibize and tarsi fus-
cous; wings subcinereous, veins black and black-banded, except
at the apex and posterior margin; the anterior ones with three or
four discoidal fuscous spots.

Length of body 15 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim. Sete 15
millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); Chicago (Osten Sacken).

5. E. pudica!
Ephemera? pudica-Hagen! 9 Subimago.

Luteous; thorax spotted with fuscous; abdomen with the pos-
terior margin, exteriorly, of the middle dorsal segments black; feet
luteous, the knees and a ring upon the middle of the femora fus-
cous; wings grayish-hyaline, longitudinal veins yellow, transverse
ones fuscous, banded with gray; transverse discoidal veins a little
irregular.

40 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken, 1858).

Are there three sete? The unique specimen is very much muti-
lated; but it has the faczes of an Ephemera.

PALINGENIA Borm.
Three set, the middle one short, in the males sometimes, almost
absent; wings four, transverse veins very numerous; eyes remote,

simple.

1. P. hecuba!
Palingenia hecuba Hagen! 9 Imago.

Luteous, spotted with fuscous; head blackish-fuscous, apex of
the antenne pale; prothorax shining fuscous, broad, narrower
anteriorly; abdomen luteous, above blackish-fuscous; sete thick,
whitish-gray, the middle one of equal thickness with the others
(partly destroyed); base of the feet luteous (the feet are wanting
in the specimen); wings large, opaque, grayish-rosy, the costal
margin a little obscurer, veins gray.

Length of body 22 millim. Alar expanse 78 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz (Sallé). Collection of de Selys Longchamps.

The largest species yet known. The wings are opaque, but yet
it is an imago; and it has a mass of eggs in the vulvar aperture.

2. P. alba!
Betis alba Say, Long’s Narrative, Appendix, II, 305, 3.

Milk-white ; vertex fuscous; prothorax transverse, quadrangu-
lar, in front truncated, yellowish-white; anterior feet grayish-fus-
cous, the others white; wings whitish, anterior margin grayish.

Length of body 11 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim.

Hab. North Red River (Robt. Kennicott); Winnipeg River
(Say).

“This insect appears in immense numbers ;” for a more particu-
lar account see Long’s Narrative, as quoted above. I have seen
only a mutilated specimen.

3. P. puella.
Palingenia puella Pictet, Ephem. 145, 2; tab. xi, fig. 4.

Milky-whitish ; ocelli black; prothorax transverse, short, ante-

PALINGENIA. 4]

riorly produced in the middle; apex of the feet brownish, femora
pale; wings whitish, costa a little obscurer. (From the figure and
description of Pictet.)

Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. New Orleans. Not seen by me. Is it P. alba Say?

4. P. bilineata!
Betis bilineata Say, Long’s Exped. II, 303,1. PP. limbata Pictet, Ephem.
146, 3; tab. xii.

Imago ¢. Fulvous, antenne pale, basal articulation obscurer;
head dusky in front, beneath yellow; prothorax compressed in the
‘middle, above triangularly tuberculated, each side with a fuscous
stripe; abdomen fulvous, spotted with fuscous; each side with a
medial fuscous stripe composed of oblique striz, margins of the
segments fuscous; anterior feet fuscous, basal articles of the tarsi
yellow, posterior feet yellow, unguiculi fuscous; sete yellowish,
long, apex of the articles annulated with fuscous; intermediate
seta very short; anal appendages yellow, the apex fuscous; penis
two-parted, fuscous, apex incurved, oval; wings hyaline, anterior
ones with the costal margin fulvous, veins black, some transverse
blackish-banded veins; posterior wings with the apex hardly
clouded, transverse discoidal veins banded with blackish-fuscous.
Imago 2. Pale yellow; tarsal unguiculi fuscous; abdomen with
a fuscous apical band in the middle and interrupted ones on both
sides ; wings yellowish-hyaline, costal margin yellowish, longitudi-
nal veins yellowish, transverse ones black,

Subimago $. Similar to the imago, the abdomen above ob-
scurer, wings opaque.

Length of body, ¢ 16; 92 18. unions ? 22 millim. Alar
expanse, ¢ 34; 9 40. Senin, 2 48 millim. Length of cau-
dal sete, ¢ 46. Subimago, ? 25 millim.

flab. St. Peters River, “common” (Say); N. Red River (Robt.
Kennicott); Maryland (Uhler); Philadelphia; Washington (Osten
Sacken); St. Louis. The specimens from Washington are yel-
lower.

5. P. limbata!
Palingenia limbata Serv. Guér. Icon. Regn. Animal. Ins. tab. Ix, fig. 7.
Ephemera limbata Ramb. Neuropt. 295, 4. Walker, Catal. 548, 3.
Pal. viridescens Walk.! Catal. 550, 11. Fem. Subimago. Betis
angulata Walk.! Catal. 564, 28. Male imago.

AQ NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

¢ Imago. Fulvous, spotted with fuscous; antenne gray, basal
article brownish-black; head dusky in front, beneath yellow; pro-
thorax narrowed in the middle, above triangularly tuberculated,
each side with a fuscous stripe confluent upon the disk; abdomen
brownish-black, dorsum each side with an interrupted yellow stripe;
anterior feet entirely fuscous, posterior ones brownish-yellow, un-
guiculi fuscous; sete long, fuscous, the apex of the articles with a
very small whitish annulus; intermediate seta very short; anal ap-
pendages fuscous; penis two-parted, fuscous, apex unguiculated,
recurved; wings subhyaline, anterior ones with the costal margin
fuscous; veins black, some transverse ones bounded with black;
posterior wings margined exteriorly with fuscous, discoidal trans-
verse veins covered with black.

& Subimago. Like the imago, but with the body opaque, grayer,
the feet obscurer, the wings opaque gray, the anterior ones hardly
colored upon the costal margin, the posterior ones more broadly
margined. ’

2? Imago. Similar to the male; the whole body paler, more
fulvous, setze and feet paler; the intermediate seta very short; the
anterior wings have the costal margin paler. |

2 Subimago. Similar to the imago, the body opaque; brown-
ish-gray, feet and sete brownish-black, wings opaque gray, ‘the
anterior ones with the costal margin of the same color, the poste-
rior ones with a brownish-black margin.

I possess another female subimago, a younger specimen. ‘The ~
body, feet, and sete are much diluted and pale-colored, the margin
of the posterior wings is of the same color, pale. It is hardly
different.

Length of body, (17. & 2 Subimago, 21. 9, 29 millim.
Alar expanse, § 34. ¢ 2 Subimago, 42. 92,46 millim. Length
of sete, f 42. ¢ 2 Subimago, 18. 9, 20 millim.

Hab. New Orleans (Pfeiffer); Ohio (Schaum); St. Louis;
Chicago (Osten Sacken); St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, ~
Hudson’s Bay (Barnston); Canada (¢d.)

Male imagines from Chicago seem to differ a little, the colors
are much paler, the apex of the penis is incurved, the basal half
of the antenne is black, the sete yellowish and the apex of the
articulations has a fuscous ring. P. dilineata from Washington
and P. iimbata from New Orleans certainly are distinct species ;
the species from Chicago is colored very much like P. lémbata, but

PALINGENIA. 43

the penis is incurved. JP. bclineata Say, from N. Red River (de-
termined by Mr. Uhler), is colored more like P. imbata from Chi-
cago; Mr. Walker’s species require a new examination.

6. P. occulta.
Palingenia occulta Walk.! Catal. 551,12. % 9, Imago.

Testaceous ;,antenne black, the base testaceous; sides of the
mesothorax fuscous; abdomen obscurer, interruptedly bivittated
with fuscous; sete not longer than the body, tgstaceous, a little
hairy ; tarsi and anterior feet fuscous; wings subcinereous, veins
black, basal ones testaceous; anterior wings yellowish at base,
with the costal margin brownish. (From the description of Mr.
‘Walker. ) !

Length of body 21—25 millim. Alar expanse 41—50 millim.
Sete 19 millim.

Hab. Arctic America, Lakes Winnipeg and Superior (Richard-
son). ; |

The typical specimens are similar to P. viridescens, but smaller,
and the posterior wings are scarcely margined exteriorly.

7. P. bicolor.
Palingenia bicolor Walk.! Catal. 552,15. 9 Subimago.

Ferruginous; thorax each side below, with a black spot; abdo-
men fuscous, beneath paler; sete long, hairy, testaceous ; feet yel-
low, anterior ones brownish testaceous, base of the tarsi whitish ;
wings cinereous, the margin pilose, the veins black, margined with
fuscous.

Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 27. Sete 24 millim.

fab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

8. P. decolorata!
Palingenia decolorata Hagen!

Luteous; head brownish-black, antenne pale; prothorax nar-
rower anteriorly; anterior feet blackish, posterior ones luteous;
mesothorax yellowish-fuscous ; abdomen luteous, sides striped with
obscure fuscous, setz luteous, intermediate very short; wings yel-
lowish-hyaline, veins luteous, the subcosta fuscous. (Imago. )

Length of body 16 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim. Sete 30?
millim.

44 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Hab. Mexico; Matamoras, Tamaulipas. Common.

I have seen many specimens, but all of them in alcohol and
mutilated, and the colors were probably a little changed.

I have had a large species from New Grenada in alcohol, but
the specimen is very much damaged.

BABTIS Leacn. ’
Abdomen furnished with two sete ; wings four, transverse veins -

°. e e
numerous; eyes simple; in the male approximate, large.

AaB: interpunctata!

Baétis interpunctata Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 41, 1. Walker,
Catal. 562, 23.

Yellowish white tinged with green; head yellowish, vertex with
a lateral black point, front with an arcuated black line; ocelli with
a black ring around each, apex of the antenne black; prothorax
with a black line each side: mesothorax tinged with brown; feet
greenish, the four anterior femora with a black ring upon the mid-
dle and apex, apex of the posterior ones fuscous; abdomen with
the apex ferruginous, the posterior margin of the dorsal segments
black ; setae pale ; wings hyaline, the anterior margin greenish, the
transverse veins black, an abbreviated, submarginal, medial black
line. Imago and subimago, male and female.

Length of body 8 millim. Alar exanse 18—26 millim. Sete
& 20, 9 14.

Hab. Indiana (Say); Washington, Trenton Falls (Osten Sac-
ken); Chicago, Alleghany Mountains, Va. (Osten Sacken).

2. B. flaveola!

Baétis flaveola Pict. Ephem. 186, 12, tab. xxiii, fig. 4. Walker!
Catal. 559, 12.

Yellow, eyes black; wings yellowish-hyaline, transverse veins”
black; posterior femora with a black point; abdominal segments
margined with black; sete yellowish. (From the figure and de-
scription of Pictet. (Female imago.)

Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim. Sete 9
millim.

Hab. Tennessee (Peeppig, Museum of Vienna); St. Martin’s
Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barnston).

BAETIS. 45

I have seen a specimen (? Imago) from the Vienna Museum ;
it may be the one described by Pictet (although the sete are longer,
' 14 millim.). As that female pertains, undoubtedly, to B. cnter-
punctata, probably, therefore, B. flaveola is nothing but a female
B. interpunctata Say. On account of a slight fold in the anterior
margin of the wings the submarginal line is seen with difficulty.

I have seen a mutilated, smaller, female subimago from Ten-
nessee (with the wings expanding 18 millim.), which may be a dis-
tinct species.

3. B. obesa.
Baétis obesa Say. Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 43,4. Walk. Catal. 563, 26.

Subimago. Black, livid; wings brownish-black, with many small,
transverse hyaline spots or abbreviated lines, a large, hyaline,
oblique semifascia about the middle on the anal margin; posterior
ones, with many transverse, abbreviated, hyaline lines not attaining
to the apical margin; feet pale yellow, incisures of the tarsi black;
abdominal segments margined with rufous; sete very short, pilose,
annulated with black. (From Say’s description. )

Length of body 8 millim.

Hab. Indiana (Say).

4. B. fusca!
Baétis fusca Walker! Catal. 568, 38.

Imago ¢ @. Piceous, beneath ferruginous; antenne black ;
abdomen ferruginous, beneath fulvous; sete testaceous, subannu-
lated with fuscous, three times the length of the body; feet testa-
ceous, the anterior ones fuscous; wings hyaline, anterior ones with
the costal margin at the apex fuscous. (From Mr. Walker’s de-
scription. )

Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim. Sete 25.
millim.

_ Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

I saw the specimen in London, and noted at that time that it
was closely allied to B. flaveola; the specimen from Nova Scotia
belongs to P. concinnus Walk. Perhaps a male imago, from
Washington (Osten Sacken), and one from Chicago, belongs here.

46 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. B. debilis.
Baétis debilis Walker, Catal. 569, 39.

Ferruginous; abdomen obscurer; sete testaceous, much longer
than the body; feet pale testaceous; wings subhyaline, veins tes-
taceous. @. (From the description of Mr. Walker.)

Length of body 6 millim. Alar expanse 17. Length of sete
8 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).

6. B. arida.
Baétis arida Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 42, 2. Walk. Catal. 562, 24.

Reddish-brown ; head whitish, varied with ferruginous, vertex
each side, with a small black point; eyes rufous, with a whitish
vitta; incisures of the abdomen much obscurer; setz and poste-
rior feet greenish-white; wings immaculate. (From the description
of Say.)

Length of body 10 millim.

flab. Indiana (Say). A female imago, from Washington, may
belong here; the specimen is mutilated.

7. B. verticis!
Baétis verticis Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 42,3. Walk. Catal. 562, 25.

Yellowish-white; vertex ferruginous; thorax with two ferru-
ginous vitte, which are confluent anteriorly, but obsolete poste-
riorly; sete a little longer than the body, the incisures black; feet
whitish, anterior femora at the apex ferruginous, apex of the
anterior tibiz and incisures of the tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline,
veins exclusive of the marginal ones, black. (From the description
of Say.) @¢ Imago.

Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim. Sete 24
millim.

flab. Indiana (Say); Maryland (Ubler).

Two specimens from Maryland agree with the description, ex-
cept in the color of the veins of the wings; the marginal ones are
black, or rather fuscous. Is the description good? It should be
observed that the species of Daétes are very difficult to separate,
and perhaps some species heretofore described may be only syno-
nyms of others. A further acquaintance is necessary. A male and
female from Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken), and Washington (2d. )

BAETIS. AT

are possessed by me, perhaps the true B. verticis: is it not B. fla-
veola Pict.?

8. B. canadensis!
Baétis canadensis Walk. Catal. 569, 40.

Testaceous; vertex and disk of the thorax ferruginous; abdo-
men with the margins of the segments piceous; feet pale, femora
fuscous, incisures of the tarsi black; wings hyaline, costal margin
at the apex fuscous, veins black. (From Mr. Walker’s description. )

Length of body 6 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.

Hab. Canada (Barnston); Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken).

- [have seen mutilated male and female imagines from Trenton
Falls; are they the true B. canadensis Walker? A larger female,
expanding 30 millimetres, is pale yellow, wings hyaline, veins yel-
low; the head and abdomen are wanting. In London I noted
nothing about Mr. Walker’s species, except that it was ‘‘allied to
BL. flaveola;” the variety there described is perhaps a female.

9. B. ignava.
Baétis ignava Hagen. Baétis? subimago, Walk. Catal. 571, 45.

Rufous; eyes broad, very prominent; thorax rufous; abdomen
pale, reddish-gray; sete thick; feet rufous; wings gray, opaque,
the anterior ones narrow at base, veins bordered with fuscous.

Alar expanse about 25 millim.

Hab. Newfoundland.

Certainly a female subimago: the species is very doubtful ;
Walker assigns Madrid as the locality. I found the typical speci-
men labelled Newfoundland.

10. B. fuscata.
Baétis fuscata Walk. Catal. 570, 41.

2 Imago. Piceous, beneath ferruginous; antenne black ;
sides of the thorax spotted with yellow; feet ferruginous, ante-
rior ones piceous; wings hyaline, veins pale.

2 Subimago. Obscure testaceous, setee much paler, longer
than the body; wings gray, opaque. (From Mr. Walker’s descrip-
tion.) .

Length of body 4—5 millim. Alar expanse 12—16 millim.

Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston.)

48 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ll. B. invaria.

Baétis invaria Walk. Catal. 568, 37.

& Imago. Pale ferruginous, beneath fulvous; antenne black,
at base ferruginous; feet testaceous; wings hyaline, transverse
veins pale-whitish. (From Mr. Walker’s description.)

. Length of body 5—6 millim. Alar expanse 14—18 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston). Perhaps the male of the preceding species?

12. B. annulata.
Baétis annulata Walk. Catal. 567, 34.

& Imago. Ferruginous, beneath testaceous; antenne fus-
cous, base ferruginous; thorax with two testaceous stripes; ab-
dominal segments with a testaceous, triangular spot each side;
sete whitish, the incisures black; feet whitish, banded with black;
wings hyaline, veins black. (From Mr. Walker’s description )

Length of body 10 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls, New York.

The mutilated specimens from Trenton Falls, cited under B.
canadensis, may belong here, only they are of smaller size.

13. B. vicaria!
Baétis vicaria Walk. Catal. 565, 30.

Imago. Ferruginous; antenne black; sides of the thorax
marked with yellow; segments of the abdomen banded with fus-
cous; sete pale testaceous, subannulated, more than twice the
length of the body; feet testaceous, femora with two black bands,
anterior feet obscurer, wings hyaline, anterior ones with the costal
~ and discoidal veins brownish-black, costal margin at the apex
dusky, obscurer farther in. Imago and subimago, male and female.

Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim. Sets 20
—30 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River; Chicago; Washington; Savannah
(Osten Sacken). Is it distinct from B. canadensis?

14. B. femorata.
Baétis femorata Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Rep. II, 162, 1.

&. Fuscous, abdomen beneath whitish, setee double the length
of the body; femora with a middle and apical reddish-brown band ;

BAETIS. 49

wings snowy hyaline, veins clouded with fuscous, especially the
basal, discoidal and apical ones.

© Fuscous, thorax yellowish, venter whitish;- feet pale fus-
- cous, a reddish-brown band upon the middle and apex; sete nearly
the same length as with the male; wings whitish, veins fuscous,
clouded with fuscous. (From Say’s description. )

Length of body 12 millim. Sete 24 millim.

Hab. Cincinnati, Ohio (Say). Not common. Similar to the
preceding species; it may be the same or B. annulata.

15. B. alternata!
- Baétis alternata Say, Long’s Expedition II, 304, 2.

Fuscous; head in front and at sides whitish; thorax pale fus-
cous, in front yellowish, sides varied with yellow; feet pale ochra-
ceous, an apical fuscous ring upon the femora; abdomen above
fuscous, segments at base whitish, the two last with two whitish
lines; venter whitish, each segment with two oblique lines and two
intermediate points black; setee whitish, regularly pointed with
fuscous; wings hyaline, veins not margined. (From Say’s descrip-
tion. )

Length of body 12 millim.

Hab. Northwest Territory (Say).

I would believe that a male imago and subimago and a female
subimago from Maryland, communicated by Mr. Uhler, belong
here, but the femora have a medial and apical band.

The ¢ subimago is paler; wings gray, opaque, veins a little
clouded with fuscous. @ subimago obscurer, feet uniform fus-
cous; wings blackish-fuscous, posterior ones yellowish at base,
veins not clouded.

Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim. Sete ¢
27 millim. Male and female, subimago, sete 15 millim.

I saw subimagines like the female, from Washington (Osten
Sacken).

16. B. luridipennis.
Baétis luridipennis Burm. II, 801,7. Pict. Ephem.192. Walker Catal.
563, 27. |
Fuscous; abdomen banded; wings lurid, veined with fuseous
(Burm.) ? and subimago fulvous; antenne fuscous; margins

of the abdominal segments fuscous; setee whitish, covered with
A .

50 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

short pile, a little longer than the body; feet whitish, femora with
a medial and apical fuscous band; wings hyaline, veins fulvous ;
anterior ones with the apex of the costal margin fulvescent.

Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 24 millim. Sete 24
millim.

Hab. North America (Zimmerman); St. Martin’s Falls (Barn-
ston).

The specimens described by Mr. Walker are a female and sub-
imago, not males as Walker contends, and, perhaps, belong to a
different species; Burmeister’s species is perhaps a subimago, and
it may be of the preceding species.

17. B. basalis.
Baétis basalis Walk. Catal. 565, 31.

Pitch-black ; antenne whitish; abdominal segments margined
with testaceous; sete whitish, the incisures annulated with black,
twice as long as the abdomen; anterior wings hyaline, the costal
veins clouded with fuscous, a middle marginal fuscous nebula; pos-
terior wings fuscous, their apex hyaline. (From Walker’s descrip-
tion. )

Length of body 12 millim. Alar expanse 28 millim. Sete 22
millim.

Hab. Lake Winnipeg (Richardson). Is it not B. luridipennis?

18. B. noveboracana.
Ephemera noveboracana Lichtenstein, Catal. Mus. Holthuisen 1796, III,
193, 52. :

Bisetous; wings fuscescent, the hind ones smallest; the abdomen
fuscous, margined with luteous. (From the description of Lichten-
stein. ):

Hab. New York. Is it not B. luridipennis?

19. B. tessellata!
Baétis tessellata Hagen !

Luteous ; mesothorax each.side with a fuscous line; abdomen,
upon the segments, superiorly each side, with two fuscous triangu-
lar spots; sete —? feet luteous, tarsi at the apex fuscous; wings
opaque, gray, ciliated, veins lurid, many quadrangular, hyaline
spots, posterior wings very small. Female, subimago.

Length of body 16 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

POTAMANTHUS. 51

Hab. Puget Sound, Washington Territory.

I have examined one specimen, in alcohol.

I saw a species of Baétis from Mexico (in the Berlin Museum),
but the only specimen, a female, was very much mutilated.

POTAMANTHUS Picter.

Three setae; wings four, transverse veins numerous; eyes, in the
male, double, large, approximate.

l. P. cupidus.
Ephemera cupida Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Rep. II, 163, 1.

&S Black; thorax blackish-gray, a broad dorsal stripe and
each side an-impressed line black; eyes large fuscous; abdomen
black, the segments having the posterior margin pale, a dorsal line
and each side an oblique obsolete line, whitish; sete longer than
the body; feet pale fuscous, tarsi black, anterior feet black; wings
obscure, posterior ones pale, at tip obscurer.

2° Like the male, but the eyes are small, remote; the abdo-
men black, ventral incisures pale; sete a little longer than the
body.

Length of body, ¢ 11, 9 8 millim. Length of sete, { 5, 9
10 millim.

Hab, Cincinnati, Ohio; 15th of May. Common (Say).

The form of the eyes demonstrates Mr. Say to have wrongly
determined the sexes; therefore I have changed his female to male
and his male to female. It will be observed that the length of
the setee given by Mr. Say disagrees with his description.

2. P. concinnus !

Palingenia concinna Walk.! Catal. 553, 17. (% Imago.) Palingenia
pallipes Walk.! Catal. 553,16. (9 Imagoand subimago.) Baétis
tessellata Walk.! Catal. 566, 32. (9 Subimago.)

gf Imago. Pitchy black; beneath partly ferruginous; antenne
black; sete double the length of the body; intermediate one
much shorter, luteous, incisures black; feet luteous, tarsi fuscous,
anterior feet entirely piceous; wings hyaline, veins luteons, the
apical veins much obscurer; costal margin of the anterior wings
fuscous at the apex.

2 Imago. Obscure ferruginous, beneath paler; disk of the

52 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

head piceous, antenne black; sides of the thorax spotted with
fulvous; sete a little longer than the body; intermediate one
shorter, luteous, incisures obscurer; feet luteous, anterior ones fer-
ruginous ; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, costal margin of the an-
terior ones lurid at the apex.

? Subimago. Whitish-testaceous, marked with fuscous; an-
tenn fuscous, testaceous at base; abdomen fuscous above; setz
testaceous, almost double the length of the abdomen; feet testa-
ceous, femora banded with black, tarsi fuscous; wings subcinereous,
opaque, veins testaceous, clouded with fuscous. (From Mr. Walk-
er’s description.) .

Length of body 10 millim. Alar expanse 22—28 millim. Seta,
& 27, 2 14 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman); Washington, April (Osten Sack-
en).

Although I have examined the specimens described by Mr.
Walker, the length of the sete in the description of B. tessellata
strikes me now as doubtful, as they should be shorter than those
of the imagines.

3. P. nebulosus.
Palingenia nebulosa Walk.! Catal. 554, 18.

& Imago. Black; abdomen piceous, beneath fulvous; sete
testaceous, banded with fuscous; more than double the length of
the body, intermediate one shorter; feet fulvous, anterior ones
much obscurer; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, the anterior wings
with a broad, longitudinal, fuscous band. (From Mr. Walker’s
description. )

Length of body 9 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim. Length of
setee 24 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

CLOE Leacz.

Two sete; four wings (sometimes the posterior ones are want-
ing), transverse veins few; eyes, in the males, double, large, ap-
proximate.

CLOE. 53

l. C. bioculata.
Cloéon bioculata Walk. Catal. 572,1. (Complete synonymy.)

Eyes of the male obscure; mesothorax yellow; base and apex of
the abdomen obscure; wings hyaline. (From Mr. Walker’s de-
scription. )

Length of body 8 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim. Length of
sete 11—15 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston), Europe.

Further comparison will be necessary to show whether this be
really the European species.

2. C. undata!
Cloé undata Pict. Ephem. 264,10; tab. xli, fig. 6. Walk. Catal. 575,10.

Pale luteous; feet yellowish, apex of the tarsi obscurer; sete
whitish, annulated with black; wings hyaline, anterior ones with
the costal margin fuscous, marked with round, hyaline spots;
clouded with fuscous upon the disk and posterior margin. ¢
Imago. é

Length of body 7 millim. Alar expanse 15—19 millim. Sete
10 millim.

Hab, Mexico; Cuba (Pictet); New York (Calverly).

I have seen but a single very much mutilated specimen.

3. C. mollis.
Cloé mollis Asa Fitch in de Selys Longchamp’s collection.

iTab. United States. Unknown to me.

4. C. posticata.
Cloéon posticata Say, Godman’s Western Quart. Rep. II, 162, 1.

& Imago. Greenish-white; eyes reddish-brown; thorax black,
opaque; abdomen greenish-blue-hyaline, three apical segments
fuscous; sete long, white; feet white, anterior ones obscure at
base; wings hyaline. (From Say’s description.)

Length 8 millim. Length of sete 19 millim.

Hab, Shippingsport, 21st May. Common (Say).

54 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. C. unicolor!

Cloé unicolor Hagen !

Entirely brassy-brownish; feet pale luteous; sete white; wings
hyaline. 9. Imago. |

Length of body 4 millim. Alar expanse 10 millim. Sete 10
millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken). I have seen a female spe-
cimen from Porto-Rico, similar to this, with the thorax fulvo- -aene-
ous: is it a different species ?

6. C. pygmaea!
Cloé pygmaea Hagen!

Body brownish-gray ; feet and sete white; wings hyaline. 9°
Imago.
Length of body 3 millim. Alar expanse 6 millim.
Hlab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

7. C. vicina!
Cloé vicina Hagen!

Whitish-hyaline; thorax fulvous; eyes rufous; abdomen with
the three apical segments fuscous above; sete whitish; feet whitish,
anterior ones fulvous at the base; wings hyaline. Male Imago.

Body yellowish-white; setze and feet whitish; wings hyaline.
Female Imago.

Length of body 4 millim. Alar expanse 10 millim. Length of
sete, ¢ 10, 2 6 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken).

Schioedte, Berlin Ent. Zeit. J. III, p. 148, reports Hphemera
culiciformis Linn., from Greenland; I have not seen the specimens.

CAENIS StTeEpPHENS.

Sete three; wings two, transverse veins few; eyes in the male
very simple, remote.

1. Gi iilaris., | 4)
Ephemera hilaris Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 43. Walk. Catal. 583,
13.
Small, whitish; eyes black; thorax pale fulvous, beneath and
sides with abbreviated’ obscure lines; apex of the abdomen, each

CAENIS. 55

side, with three fuscous points; sete long; wings whitish, the cos-
tal margin obscure. (From Say’s description. )

Length of body 3 millim.

Hab. Indiana, 4th September (Say).

2. C. diminuta.
Caenis diminuta Walk.! Catal. 584, 14.

Fulvous; abdomen pale testaceous, sete long, white; feet white,
anterior ones banded twice or thrice with black; wings whitish,
veins white, the costal margin blackish. Male. (From Mr. Walk-
er’s description. )

Length of body 3 millim. Alar ornare 6 millim. Length of
setze 12 millim.

Hab. St. John’s Bluff, KH. Florida (Doubleday).

This species is allied to C. lactea of Hurope.

3. C. amica!

Caenis amica Hagen!

Head and prothorax fulvous, banded with black; antenne whit-
ish; mesothorax brassy-fulvous ; feet whitish, anterior ones* much
longer, cinereous, the femora obscurer, posterior femora with a
spot above upon the apex, black; abdomen pallid, varied with
eray upon the back, segments with the apex and sides marked with
black ; setae white; wings opaque, whitish-gray, the two costal
veins black. (Male Imago.)

A male, taken at the same place, differs in its colors; the head
is yellow banded with black; the thorax yellow; the feet white ;
the anterior femora and tibie have the apex gray; the abdomen
is whitish-yellow. ~¢ Imago. It may be a distinct species.

Length 2 millim. Alar expanse 4 millim. Length of sete 6
millim.

fab. Nee (Zimmerman, Berlin Museum).

Is it C. hilaris? Say?—he describes the eyes as double: are
they really so? The genus Caenis has the eyes simple; neverthe-
Jess the description best suits Ephemera hilaris Say.

Fam. V. ODONATA.

Antenne short, setiform; mouth not furnished with palpi;
wings flat, reticulated: ee with three articles; second ven-

56 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

tral segment of the male furnished with accessory genital

organs; abdomen with anal appendages; body elongated,

narrow.

Tribe Il. AGRIONEINA.

Antenne four-jointed; eyes distant; wings equal; abdomen
cylindrical, slender; accessory genital organs, with the anterior
hook connate, penis and vesicle separated; genital organs of the
female vaginate.

Sub-Fam. I. CALOPTERYGINA.

Antecubital veins numerous.

CALOPTERYX Lzacu.

Wings very broad, densely reticulated, pterostigma absent in the
males, that of the female irregular, areolate; basal space with no
transverse veins; anal appendages of the male forcipate.

1. C.angustipennis!

Sylphis angustipennis Selys! (%) Synops. Calopt. 9,2. Monog. Calopt.

21,2. Walker, Catal. 590, 2. Sylphis elegans Hag.! 9. Synops.
Calopt. 9,1. Monog. Calopt. 20,1. Walker Catal. 590, 1.

Brassy-green, shining; labrum and base of the antenne yellow-
ish; occiput with two acute tubercles; feet very long, with short
cilia; abdomen long, slender, sides: and venter rufescent (¢);
wings narrow, long, hyaline, somewhat flavescent (2), veins
brassy-green; thorax rufescent, a dorsal green stripe, and a lateral,
divided, broader blue one. (Female.) Thirty antecubital cross-
nervules. No pterostigma.

Length of body, ¢ 67, 9 57 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim.

fab. Georgia (Abbot); ¢. Collection of Dr. Hagen; locality
unknown. &.

2. C. apicalis! ;
Calopteryx apicalis Burm.! Handbuch. II, 827,8. Selys Synops. Calopt.!
9,3. Monog. Calopt. 23,3. Walk. Catal. 591, 3.

Brassy-green, shining; labium, antenne, thoracic sutures and
pectus black, or in part flavescent (); feet long, black, with long

CALOPTERYX. 5T

cilia; wings narrow, hyaline, or with the apex narrowly fuscous.
(Male.) ‘Twenty antecubitals. Pterostigma absent.

Length of body 42 millim. Alar expanse 62 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia; Massachusetts (Scudder).

3. C. dimidiata !

Calopteryx dimidiata Burm.! Handb. I, 826,16. Selys! Synops. Calopt.
10,4. Monog. Calopt. 25,4. Walk. Catal. 591, 4.— Calopteryx cog-
nata Ramb.! Neuropt. 222, 6.—C. syriaca Ramb.! Neuropt. 223, 9.
(In part. Male.)

Brassy-green or blue, shining; labium, antenne, thoracic sutures,
pectus, venter, and feet black; wings narrow, somewhat flavescent,
the apex fuscous; pterostigma of the female snow-white. Male
30 antecubitals; female 20 antecubitals.

Length of body 40—45 millim. Alar expanse 54—56 millim.
Pterostigma 12 millim.

Hab. Kentucky; Georgia; Pilatka, St. John’s River, Florida
(Osten Sacken). \

4. C. maculata !.

* Agrion maculata Beauv. 85; tab. vii, fig. 3.— Calopteryx maculata Burm.!

Handb. II, 829,17. Selys! Synopt. Calopt. 10,5 Selys! Monog.
Calopt. 27,5. Walk. Catal. 592,5.—Calopteryx holosericeus Burm.!
Handb. II, 828,13. Ramb. Neuropt. 226, 14.—Calopteryx papilio-
nacea Ramb.! Neuropt. 222, 6.—Calopt. opaca Say, Jour. Acad.
Philad. VIII, 32, 2.

Brassy-green or blue, shining; labium, antenne, thoracic sutures,
pectus, venter and feet black; abdomen with a dorsal yellow stripe
upon the 8th to the 10th segment (?); wings very broad, densely
reticulated, black, sometimes with hyaline spots (¢), or clouded
with fuscous and fuscous at the apex, with a snow-white pterostig-
ma (female) 19—28 antecubitals.

Length 38—48 millim. Alar expanse 63—65 millim. Ptero-
stigma 2—25 millim.

Hab. Chicago (Osten Sacken); Maryland (Uhler); Washing-
ton; Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Philadelphia; Massachusetts ;
Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken); Carolina; Ohio; Pilatka, Flo-
rida (Osten Sacken).

A species common all over the Union.

58 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

5. C. virginica!
Calopteryx virginica Drury ed. Westw. I, 118; tab. xlviii, fig. 2. Selys!
Synops. Calopt. 11, 6. Selys! Monog. Calopt. 29, 6. Walker Catal.
592, 6.—Libellula virgo Drury 1,114; tab. xlviii, fig. 2.—Calopteryx
materna Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 32,1. 9.—Calopt. equabilis
Say, 1. c. VIII, 33, 2.—Calopt. dimidiata Ramb. Neuropt. 223, 5.

Brassy-green, shining; labium, antenne, thoracic sutures, pectus,
venter, and feet black; abdomen with the dorsal stripe, and venter
with the segments 8—10 yellow; (2) wings much narrower than
in the foregoing species, hyaline, the base somewhat flavescent, the
apex blackish-fuscous; pterostigma 2 snow-white. 26—81 ante-
cubitals. (From the description of De Selys.)

Length of body 50—52 millim. Alar expanse 70—72. Ptero-
stigma 2 millim.

Hab. Virginia; Georgia; Massachusetts; Hudson’s Bay.

6. C. splendens!

Calopteryx splendens Selys! Monog. Calopt. 36.9. (With the complete

synonymy.)

Blue (¢), or green (2) brassy; base of the antenne yellow ;
thorax with the second lateral suture yellow; feet black; abdomen
with a dorsal yellow stripe upon the segments 8—10 2; wings
broad, hyaline, a broad blue-black band ¢, or hyaline, with a
snow-white pterostigma ¢.

Length of body 45—49 millim. Alar expanse 62—172 millim.
Pterostigma 1—2 millim.

flab. Georgia (Abbot).

T have seen a male from the collection of Abbot, in the Zurich
Museum. Is it really from America?

A species common everywhere in Europe and Northern Asia.

Calopteryx virgo Fab. Fauna Groenland. 196, 152, is perhaps
erroneously stated. Fabricius says that he only saw 2 once; but
according to Schioedte, Berlin. Ent. Zeit. ILI, 142, it has not
hitherto been discovered there.

HETAERINA Hacen.

Wings rather narrow, densely reticulated; pterostigma absent
or very small, quadrangular; basal space reticulated ; base of the

wings, in the male, sanguineous.

* Pterostigma absent.

HETAERINA. 59

1. H. septentrionalis !

Hetaerina septentrionalis Selys! Synops. Calopt. 36, 43. Selys, Monog.
Calopt. 119, 43.

Blackish-fuscous ; head and thorax brassy, sides partly yellow ;
feet black; superior appendages of the tail semicircular, the apex,
exteriorly dentated; the inferior ones long, cylindrical, at the apex
thickened; wings hyaline, sanguineous at base, posterior ones with
an apical, sanguineous spot. Male. (From the description of De
Selys.)

Hab. Georgia (British Museum).

2. H. californica!
Hetaerina californica Hagen! Addit. Synops. Calopt. 6, 49, bis.

Brownish-black ; head and thorax coppery; a humeral line and
two lateral stripes, yellow; feet black, femora within and tibie
without, yellow; abdomen brownish-black; superior caudal ap-
pendages a little incurved, a quadrangular tubercle upon the inter-
nal middle, and another smaller one at the apex; the inferior
appendages much shorter, thickened at the base; wings hyaline,
almost the basal half sanguineous, apex of the posterior ones
dusky.

Length 44 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim.

flab. Northern California.

o. H. cruentata !

Calopteryx cruentata Ramb.! Neuropt. 228,19 4%. Selys! Synops. Calopt.
39,48. Selys! Monog. 127, 48; tab. xii, fig. 1. Walk. Catal. 625,
21.

Brownish-black ; head coppery, epistoma blue (¢), or rufous
(?); dorsum of the thorax orange, with a medial broad black
stripe ; the sides orange, with a stripe and cuneiform black spot ;
feet black, tibie, exteriorly, yellow; female with the femora inte-
riorly yellow; abdomen brownish-black; superior appendages
forcipated, base interiorly, abruptly dilated, inferior appendages
short, flat, truncated; wings sanguineous at base, the apex mar-
gined with fuscous (¢'), or somewhat yellowish (female). 20—29
antecubital cross-nervules.

Length 42—50 millim. Alar expanse 56—68 millim.

Hab. Mexico; Venezuela; Martinique; Surinam; Brazil.

60 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4. H. vulnerata!

Hetaerina vulnerata Hagen! Synops. Calopt. 40,49. Selys! Monog. Calopt.

130, 49; tab. xii, fig. 2. Walker Catal. 626, 22.

Brownish-black ; head brassy, epistoma black; thorax black,
brassy, with a yellow humeral line, sides yellow, a broad stripe and
a cuneiform mark, brassy black (¢); or orange; dorsum with a
middle brassy-green stripe, sides with a narrow stripe and mark,
brassy-green; feet black, femora inside and tibie outside yellow;
abdomen brownish-black, superior appendages black, yellow at
base, forcipated, at the internal base dilated; inferior ones short,
cylindrical, broader at base; wings hyaline, sanguineous at base
(Jf), or anteriorly and at apex yellowish (female). 17—23 ante-
cubital cross-nervules. i

Length 42—50 millim. Alar expanse 60—66 millim.

Hab. Mexico; Columbia; Brazil.

* * Pterostigma very small, quadrangular.

5. H. americana!

Agrion americana Fab.! Ent. Syst: Suppl. 287, 3—4.— Calopteryx ameri-
cana Burm.! Handb. II, 826,4. Ramb. Neuropt. 227, 18.—Hetaerina
americana Selys! Synopt. Calopt. 41,50. Selys! Monog. Calopt. 131,
50; tab. xii, fig. 3. Walk. Catal. 627, 23.—Lestes basalis Say, Journ.
Acad. Philad. VIII, 35, 2.

Fuscous, coppery (¢), or green-brassy (?); thorax coppery,
the sides with three yellow stripes (4) or green-brassy, the sides
with four yellow stripes, feet black, the femora inside and the tibiz
outside yellow; abdomen brassy-fuscous, the female has a dorsal
interrupted yellow line; superior appendages yellow, with a black
apex, forcipated, interiorly with a double tubercle upon the middle;
inferior appendages short, truncated, cylindrical; wings hyaline,
sanguineous at base (¢), or somewhat yellowish (?); the ptero-
stigma is yellow. 20—24 antecubital cross-nervules.

Length 43—46 millim. Alar expanse 54—62 millim.

Hab. Maryland; Massachusetts; Washington; Missouri; Indi-
ana; Mexico; Brazil.

6. H. basalis!
Hetaerina basalis Hagen! Selys, addit. Synops. Calopt. 6, 50, bis.

Very much like H. americana, and perhaps a variety of it; it

HETAERINA. 61

differs, in the male, by having the basal sanguineous spot larger
and exteriorly convex; the superior appendages have the middle
tubercle triangular; the female has the yellow abdominal line hardly
interrupted, the base of the wings yellowish-fuscous.

Length 483—46 millim. Alar expanse 54—62 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas; Mexico; Cordova; Atli-
huazan; Portrero (Saussure).

7. H. tricolor!

Calopteryx tricolor Burm.! Handb. II, 827, 7. Selys! Synops. Calopt.—
Hletaerina tricolor, 42,52. Selys! Monog. Calopt. 136, 52; tab. xii,
fig. 5. Walk.! Catal. 629, 25.

Brownish-black; thorax with a humeral yellow stripe; sides
yellow, with three brownish-black stripes; feet black, tibie exte-
riorly fuscous; abdomen brownish-black ; appendages black, the
superior ones forcipated, interiorly bi-excised; inferior ones short,
cylindrical, the apex truncated; wings hyaline, anterior ones san-
guineous at base, posterior ones fuscous at base, all the wings with
a fuscous apical margin; pterostigma black (¢), or they are hya-
line with the base somewhat yellowish, the pterostigma whitish-
yellow (female). 20—24 antecubital cross-nervules.

Length 42—50 millim. Alar expanse 60—64 millim.

Hfab. Philadelphia; Georgia.

The variety H. limbata Selys, from Georgia, is a little smaller,
the apex of the wings is more infuscated.

8. H. titia!

Libellula titia Drury, U, 83; tab. xlv, fig. 3.—Calopteryx titia Burm.!
Handb. II, 826, 3.—Hetaerina titia Selys! Synops. Calopt. 43, 53.
Selys! Monog. Calopt. 138, 53. Walk. Catal. 630, 26. |

Black; head, thorax, feet and abdomen black; superior append-
ages forcipated, interiorly with a basal tooth and middle dilatation;
inferior ones short, cylindrical, obtuse; wings opaque fuscous, upon
the middle obliquely hyaline; superior ones sanguineous at base ;
pterostigma yellow (¢), or they are opaque, fuscescent, with the
apex of the superiors hyaline, the pterostigma white (?). 19—22
antecubital cross-nervules. (From De Selys’ description. )

Length 41—46 millim. Alar expanse 52—60 millim.

fab. Mexico; Honduras.

62 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

9. H. macropus!

Hetaerina macropus Selys! Synops. Calops. 44, 54. Monog. Calopt. 141,
54. Walker, Catal. 631, 27.

Brownish-black ; thorax coppery, a humeral yellow stripe, sides
black, with three yellow stripes (¢); or yellow, dorsum each side
with a green-brassy stripe, sides yellow, with two imperfect brassy-
green stripes (2); feet long, black; wings hyaline, with a basal
fuscous stripe, anterior ones sanguineous at base, posterior ones
rosy, with the pterostigma yellow (¢), or they are somewhat yel-
lowish, with the pterostigma white (?). 22-24 antecubital cross-
nervules.

Length 36—44 millim. Alar expanse 52—54 millim. —

flab. Tampico, Mexico (Saussure); Honduras,

10. H. sempronia !

Hetaerina sempronia Hagen! Synops. Calopt. 45, 56. Selys! Monog.
Calopt. 147, 56, tab. xii, fig. 7. Walker, Catal. 632, 29.

Black; head black, labrum and epistoma blue; thorax coppery,
a humeral and three lateral lines, yellow; feet black; abdomen
black; superior appendages black, forcipated, interiorly a medial
dilatation, inferior ones short, with the apex obtuse; wings hyaline,
sanguineous at base, posterior ones with an apical fuscous spot ;
pterostigma black. 27—28 antecubital cross-nervules (¢).

Length 46 millim. Alar expanse 58 millim.

flab. Mexico (Deppe).

Sub-Fam. II. AGRIONINA.

Two antecubital transverse veins; wings petiolated. |

Legion I. PSEUDOSTIGMATA.

Pterostigma irregular, areolate.

MEGALOPREPUS Ramevr.

Wings broad, rounded, posterior margin densely reticulated,
with many incurved branches; areoles pentagonal, the first sector

of the triangle forked at apex; quadrangular space oblong.

PSEUDOSTIGMA. 63

1, M. caerulatus!
Libellula caerulata Drury, III, 75, tab. 1, fig. 1. Megaloprepus caerulatus
Ramb.! Neuropt. 290, 1. Lzbellula coerulea Donovan, Nat. Reposit.
iv, 110.

Black, beneath pale; thorax with a humeral line, and two in-
feriorly lateral stripes, pale yellow; feet black, femora inside and
tibiz outside pale yellow; wings broad, hyaline, before the apex
a broad blue-black, transverse band, exteriorly, broadly margined
with milk-white and emarginated ; pterostigma large, oblong, black.

Length 90—115 millim. Alar expanse 115—180 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Saussure); Vera Cruz (Sallé); Guatimala;
Choco, New Grenada (Schott) ; Honduras; Bogota, Columbia.

As yet, this is the most gigantic of the Odonata.

The variety I. brevistigma De Selys, from Bogota, differs in
being of a smaller size, the pterostigma small and the band of the
wings narrower.

PSEUDOSTIGMA DE 5Etys.

Wings narrow, the reticulation of the posterior margin of the
wings simple, the areoles tetragonal, regular; postcostal space

with two series of areoles; pterostigma irregular; abdomen ex-
tremely long.

1. P. accedens!
Pseudostigma accedens Selys!

Black, brassy, beneath yellow; head black, each side in front
slightly tinged with yellow; prothorax straight posteriorly, tho-
rax, with the dorsum black, a yellow humeral stripe, broadly
divided, sides yellow, with a broad black stripe above; pectus with
a fuscous stripe; feet black, femora at base and beneath, and tibiz
extremely yellowish; abdomen black, with a steel blue reflection,
the last segment having the apical half yellow; appendages black,
the superior ones broad, incurved, interiorly excavated, the apex
obliquely truncated; the inferior ones very small, acute; margin
of the valves (Q) entire; wings hyaline, apex of the posterior
ones entire, pterostigma black, quadrangular, of the posterior
wings triangular (¢'), apex of the wings with a narrow yellow spot
anteriorly, pterostigma absent (?).

64 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length 117—124 millim. Alar expanse 126—132 millim.
Hab. Mexico (Saussure); Vera Cruz (Sallé); Columbia.

2. P. aberrans!
Pseudostigma aberrans Selys !

Black, beneath yellow; labrum with a yellow middle spot, front
anteriorly yellow, banded with black, and transverse; prothorax
broadly emarginate posteriorly ; thorax black, a humeral yellow,
hardly cleft, line; sides with a black stripe; pectus with a black
stripe in the middle; feet black, tibize exteriorly yellow; abdomen
black, beneath yellow; margin of the valves (?) dentated; wings
hyaline, with a large, oval, apical spot; pterostigma absent (° ).

Length 112 millim. Alar expanse 131 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé).

MECISTOGASTER Ramsvr.

Wings narrow; reticulation of the posterior margin simple;
postcostal space having a single series of areoles; pterostigma
irregular; abdomen extremely long.

1. M. modestus!
Mecistogastur modestus Selys !

Black, beneath yellowish; labrum yellow, banded with black;
front yellow anteriorly; prothorax rounded posteriorly; thorax
_ black, a humeral broad, yellow, obliquely divided stripe; sides
with a black, oblique, entire stripe; feet black, femora exteriorly
and base of the tibiz yellowish; wings hyaline, pterostigma ob-
long, black, in younger individuals it is whitish (¢).

Length 84 millim. Alar expanse 84—91 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Saussure).

2. M. ornatus!
Mecistogaster ornatus Rambur! Neuropt. 288, 12.

Brassy-fuscous, beneath yellowish; head orange in front, base
of the antenne orange; prothorax rounded posteriorly; thorax
brassy fuscous, a humeral divided stripe, a lateral stripe and a
short mark near the wings, interrupted, yellow; pectus with a
middle black stripe; feet fuscous, tibize exteriorly yellowish; ab-
dominal appendages forcipated, yellow, at the apex black; wings

LESTES. 65

orange at the apex, margined interiorly with fuscous, the posterior
ones whitish beneath the apex.

Length 87—102 millim. Alar expanse 97—116 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé); Caracas, Venezuela; Suri-
nam; Lima.

I possess a variety from Venezuela which has the apex of the
wings green, beneath black (¢).

3. M. lucretia!

Libellula lucretia Drury, II, tab. xlviii, fig. 1. Sulze, Geschichte der
Insect. tab. xxiv, fig. 4.—Agrion lucretia Burm.! II, 818, 1.—Agrion
amalia Burm.! Handb. II, 818, 3.—Agrion tullia Burm.! II, 818,
2.—Mecistogaster lucretia Ramb. Neuropt. 286, 7.—Mecist. linearis
Ramb.! Neuropt. 282, 1 (4 ).—Wecist. virgatus Ramb.! Neuropt.
284,4 (4% young).—WMecist. filiformis Ramb.! Neuropt. 285,6 (9).
—WMecist. leucostigma Ramb.! Neuropt. 286, 8 (2).

Brassy-black, beneath yellowish; head brassy-black above, a
rufous stripe, each side at the ocelli; prothorax with two large
rufous spots upon the posterior lobe; thorax, each side, with two
approximated yellow lines; sides yellow, with a broad fuscous
stripe; pectus yellow, a fuscous stripe upon the middle; feet
brownish black, tibiz exteriorly greenish-yellow; abdomen ex-
tremely long brassy-black, the three last segments yellow at sides,
the apex of the last one yellow, excised; superior appendages
livid, bent into a right angle, the apex subbifid, and interiorly a
basal tooth ; wings hyaline, posterior ones of the male having the
apex dilated in front, rounded; pterostigma black, triangular :—
in the younger ones pallid; females, pterostigma black, oblong,
the apex of the wings subfuscous; the younger ones are yellow,
with the apex of the wings milky-white.

Length 110—112 millim. Alar expanse 120—144 millim.

Hab, St. Domingo; Bahia, Para, Rio, San Paul, Brazil.

Legion II. AGRIONINA.

Two antecubital transverse nervules.

LESTES Leaca.

The fourth apical sector broken; the postcostal space simple ;

the quadrangular space trapezoidal, with the exterior inferior angle
5 , |

66 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

acute; the pterostigma large, oblong: appendages in the males
forcipated.

1. L. grandis!
Lestes grandis Ramb.! Neuropt. 244, 1.

-Brassy-green, mouth reddish-yellow; dorsum of the thorax
orange, each side with a brassy-green stripe; sides yellow, superi-
orly with a broad brassy-green stripe, inferiorly with a fuscous one;
feet yellowish, femora exteriorly, tibiz interiorly and tarsi black ;
abdomen long, slender, brassy-green, a basal yellow lunule upon
each side of the segments; superior appendages of the male long,
semicircular, the apex a little thicker, incurved, an interior stout
basal tooth, one obtuse one upon the middle, and an ante-apical
oblique tubercle upon them; inferior appendages short, obtuse, the
apex ciliated: valvules of the female yellow, exteriorly broadly
black, the apex dentated; wings hyaline; pterostigma large,
broader in the middle, fuscous; sixteen postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 59—50 millim. Alar expanse 72—66 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3 millim.
Hab. Mexico (De Selys;) Columbia, Venezuela (Appun).

2. L. rectangularis !
Lestes rectangularis Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 34, 1.

Brassy-fuscous, mouth yellow; dorsum of the thorax brassy-
brown, a line upon the middle and each side with a broad stripe,
narrowed in front yellow; sides pale yellow, superiorly a brassy-
brown stripe and posteriorly with two linear black spots; feet
yellow, femora exteriorly, tibize and tarsi interiorly black; abdo-
men long, very slender, yellow, the dorsum fuscous, the apex of
the segments black, and with an interrupted, yellow, basal lunule ;
the apical segments entirely blackish-fuscous ; appendages black,
the superior ones short, forcipated, the base interiorly dilated,
armed with two teeth, the apical one larger, the apex narrow, in-
curved; inferior appendages long, rather slender, approximated,
the apex acute, beneath curved; valvules of the female, with the
margin entire; wings hyaline, the costa yellow; pterostigma short,
the sides a little oblique, black; ten postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 53—41 millim. Alar expanse 49—41 millim. Ptero-
stigma 14 millim.

LESTES. 67

Hab. Chicago (Osten Sacken); Indiana; Mass. (Say); Mary-
land; Pennsylvania; New Jersey (Uhler); New York (Calverly);
Savannah, Georgia; Minnesota (Kennicott).

I have seen two females, very much like this (Z. habilis mihi
from Pennsylvania and Georgia); they have the tarsi yellow, and
the margin of the valvules dentated. Is it a distinct species?

3. L. alacer!
Lestes alacer Hagen!

Black; mouth yellowish; dorsum of the thorax black, each side,
exteriorly, with a yellowish-green stripe, sides livid, with a broad,
- fuscous, middle fascia; feet yellow, beneath and tarsi black; femora
and tibize with an external black line; abdomen slender, black, sides
yellow ; appendages black, the superior ones forcipated, the base
interiorly with a tooth, and upon the middle a rounded lamina;
the inferior appendages a little shorter, straight, flat, distant, with
the apex truncated; wings hyaline; pterostigma black, narrow,
margined with yellow in front; nine postcubital cross-nervules.
( Male.)

Length 39 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim. Pterostigma 14
millim.

Hab. Western Texas, Pecos River (Capt. Pope).

4, L. stulta!
Lestes stulta Hagen!

Black, mouth yellow; dorsum of the thorax black, a line upon
the middle, and each side exteriorly a narrow stripe, yellow; sides
yellow, with a superior, broad black stripe, which is triangularly
dilated at the wings; feet yellow, femora exteriorly, tibiz interiorly,
and tarsi black; wings hyaline, costa somewhat yellow; pterostig-
ma long, fuscous, margined on both sides with yellow; eleven
postcubital cross-nervules. (The abdomen is wanting.)

Length —? millim. Alar expanse 52 millim. Pterostigma 1}
millim.

Hab. California.

5. L. congener!

Lestes congener Hagen!

Black, mouth yellow; dorsum of the thorax black-brassy, a line
upon the middle and a narrow stripe each side yellow; sides yel-

68 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

low, with a superior, broad black-brassy stripe, which is dilated at
the wings; beneath yellow, margined with black; feet yellow,
- femora exteriorly and tibie interiorly black; abdomen slender,
black-brassy, with a yellow lunule upon the base of the segments;
superior appendages black, yellow at the base, forcipated, with a
basal tooth interiorly, and a middle lamina, with the margin ser-
rated; inferior appendages short, approximated, the apex obtuse,
recurved; wings hyaline; pterostigma oblong, black; ten post-
cubital cross-nervules. (Male.)

Length 387 millim. Alar expanse 43 millim. Pterostigma 14
millim.

Hab. New York; Texas (Friedrich).

6. L. simplex!
Lestes simplex Hagen!

Black, mouth pale; thorax black, dorsum each side with a broad
yellow stripe, which is cleft at the wings; sides and beneath black,
pruinose; feet yellow, femora exteriorly, tibice interiorly, and tarsi
black ; abdomen slender, black, pruinose at the apex, a basal yel-
low lunule to the segments; appendages black, superior ones forci-
pated, with an internal basal tooth, the middle of the inner margin
somewhat dilated, serrulated ; inferior appendages short, approxi-
mated, the apex obtuse, curved underneath; wings hyaline; ptero-
stigma oblong, black; twelve or thirteen postcubital cross-nervules.
(Male. )

~ Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 43 millim. Pterostigma 14
millim. 3

Hab. Mexico (Deppe).

Similar to Z. congener,’ but the thorax is narrower and the
appendages are different.

7. L. forficula!
Lestes forficula Ramb.! Neuropt. 247, 5.

Black, mouth pallid; dorsum of the thorax pale blue, each side
with a narrow, brassy-green stripe, margined with black; a middle
blue line, also margined with black; sides and beneath black, pru-
inose; feet yellow, femora bilineated above with black, tibiee black
interiorly, the anterior ones exteriorly lineated with black, tarsi
black; abdomen brassy black, with the apex pruinose, the middle
segments at base and a lunule at apex, pallid; appendages black,

LESTES. 69

the superior ones forcipated, with a basal internal tooth and an
obliquely truncated lamina upon the middle, with the apex serrated;
the inferior ones long, narrow, straight, the apex rounded, some-
what broader; wings hyaline, the pterostigma short, oblong, black;
eleven postcubital cross-nervules. (Male.)

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 39 millim. Pterostigma 1+
millim.

Hab. Mexico; Cuba (Gundlach); Brazil.

8. L. vidua! *

_Lestes vidua Hagen!

Brassy-black, mouth yellow; dorsum of the thorax black-brassy,
a middle line and a narrow stripe each side, somewhat interrupted
at the wings, and subexcised, of a yellow color; sides yellow, with
a broad black stripe superiorly, which is broader at the wings, and
two spots inferiorly, also black; beneath yellow, each side with a
marginal black spot; feet yellow, femora and tibize exteriorly line-
ated with black, tarsi black; dorsum of the abdomen brassy-black,
a basal yellow lunule upon the segments; sides yellow, venter black
(appendages destroyed); wings hyaline, pterostigma large, oblong,
fuscous, margined with yellow at the sides; ten postcubital cross-
nervules.

Length 40? millim. Alar expanse 45 millim. Pterostigma 14
millim.

Hab. New Orleans (Pfeiffer); Vienna Museum.

It is similar to LZ. congener Hag.

9. L. tenuata. .
Lestes tenuata Ramb. Neuropt. 245, 2. Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 463.
a

Obscure bluish-green; thorax obscure whitish, with four green-
ish-blue stripes, two of them dorsal; feet pale, femora trilineated
with black, tibiz beneath and tarsi black; dorsum of the abdomen
bluish-green, the sides pale, a yellow basal lunule upon the seg-
ments; superior appendages forcipated, inside at the base with a
rounded tooth, behind the middle they are denticulated, and exte-
riorly dentated, the apex somewhat rounded; the inferior ones
short, obtuse, the apex rounded, pilose; wings hyaline, pterostigma
black. (From the description of Rambur.)

Length 45 millim. Alar expanse 50 millim.

flab, The island of Martinique.. Similar to Z. forficula.

40 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

10. L. eurina.
Lestes eurinus Say! Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 36, 3.

Blue, varied with green and violet; mouth yellow; dorsum of
the thorax each side with a yellow stripe, which is cleft and dilated
at the wings, the sides yellow; abdomen blue, the segments green
at apex; venter black: superior appendages forcipated, beneath
bidentated, the inferior appendages short, conical; feet black, the

femora beneath and tibie exteriorly pallid; wings hyaline, ptero- — .

stigma black. (From the description of Say.)
* Length 47 millim.
Hab. Massachusetts (Harris).

ll. L. unguiculata !
Lestes unguiculata Hagen !

Green-brassy; mouth yellow; dorsum of the thorax brassy-
brown, a line upon the middle and a narrow stripe each side,
yellow; sides yellow pruinose, with a broad, superior brassy-brown
stripe, and inferiorly with a black, broad vitta; beneath yellow;
feet yellow, femora bilineated with black, tibize inside, and tarsi
black; dorsum of the abdomen green, the apex brown-brassy, a
yellow lunule upon the base of the segments, base and apex of the
tergum pruinose, the sides yellow, venter black; superior appen-
dages black, yellow at base, forcipated, with a basal internal tooth,
and a middle excised lamina, which is dentated upon the margin ;
the inferior appendages long, narrow, cruciate, incurved at the
apex; wings hyaline, pterostigma oblong, fuscous, the sides mar-
gined with yellow; nine or ten postcubital cross-nervules.

In the female, the inferior fascia of the thorax is wanting.

Length 40—30 millim. Alar expanse 43—87 millim. fPtero-
stigma 1+ millim.

Hab, Chicago (Osten Sacken); Bergen Hill, New Jersey
(Guex); New York; St. Louis (Engelmann); Wisconsin (Robt.
Kennicott).

12. L. hamata!

Lestes hamata Hagen !

Brownish-brassy; mouth yellow; dorsum of the thorax brown-
brassy, with a middle line, and each side a broad stripe, narrowed
at the wings, yellow; sides yellow, pruinose, with a superior, broad,

é PARAPHLEBIA, Th

brown-brassy stripe, and a black spot upon the pectus, beneath
yellow; feet yellow, femora exteriorly, tibiz interiorly and tarsi
black; abdomen obscure green-brassy, with a basal yellow lunule
to the segments; appendages black, the superior ones forcipated,
with a basal, internal tooth, and a lamina with the margin straight
and its apex dentated; the inferior appendages long, straight,
narrow, flat, the apex rounded; wings hyaline, pterostigma oblong,
black, the sides margined with yellow; eleven postcubital cross-
nervules.

Length 42—38 millim. Alar expanse 45—483 millim. Ptero-
stigma 1% millim.
_ Hab. Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex); Florida (Osten Sacken);
Chicago (7d.); Wisconsin (Robt. Kennicott); North Red River
(td.).

13. L. forcipata!
Lesies forcipata Ramb, Neuropt. 246, 4.

Brassy-green; mouth yellow; dorsum of the thorax green-brassy
(J) or with a middle line and a stripe each side, yellow @; sides
yellow, with a superior, green-brassy stripe, dilated at the wings,
or with an inferior black stripe (¢); feet yellow, femora bilineated
with black, tibize interiorly and tarsi black ; abdomen brassy-green,
sides yellow, or at the base and apex pruinose(¢); a basal lunule
upon the segments yellow; appendages black, the superior ones
forcipated, on the inside bidentated, the intermediate lamina with
its margin rather straight, serrated; the inferior appendages long,
flat, the apex dilated interiorly, somewhat spoon-shaped; wings
hyaline; pterostigma black, margined with yellow at the sides;
twelve postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 35 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim. Pterostigma 14
millim.

Hab. Chicago; Washington (Osten Sacken); Wisconsin (Robt.
Kennicott). Extremely like Z. nympha, of Europe, it seems
hardly different from that species. Is this the true L. forcipata
of Rambur ?

PARAPHLEBIA SEztys.

Postcostal space furnished with two or three areoles; sectors

numerous.

12 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. P. zoe!

Paraphlebia zoe Selys! Monog. Agrion.

Apex of the wings black.
Hab. Mexico (Collection of De Selys Longchamps).

PALAEMNEMA SELYS.

The quadrangular space oblong; the second sector of the tri-
angle almost wanting.

l. P. paulina!

Agrion paulina Drury, II; tab. xlvi, fig. 4.—KHuphaca paulina Ramb.
Neuropt. 231, 5. Oliv. Enc. Method. VII, 572, No. 18.

Reddish-blackish ; thorax thick; wings hyaline, fuscous at the
apex, at the base having the second and third humeral spaces yel-
lowish-rufescent; pterostigma long, narrow. (Rambur.)

Hab. Honduras. (Collection of De Selys Longchamps. )

TRICHOCNEMIS Sc ys.

Quadrangular space sub-oblong; pterostigma rhomboidal (ef,
Poey, Ins. Cuba, 464.)

1. T. tibialis.
Platycnemis tibialis Ramb. Neuropt. 241, 3.

Azure-blue; thorax in front with three stripes, and a lateral line
black-greenish; abdomen above greenish-black, a dorsal interrupt-
ed line, the posterior margin of the segments, the last segment and
the sides yellowish or blue(?); feet armed with long cilia, yellowish,
the anterior femora black, the base interiorly yellow, the. anterior
tibie exteriorly black; the posterior femora black exteriorly, line-
ated with yellow, tarsi black; wings hyaline; pterostigma rufous.
(2. From the description of Rambur.)

Hab. North America. (Collection of De Selys Longchamps. )

2. T. minuta.
Trichocnemis minuta Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 464.
Brassy-brown; mouth, front, a transverse occipital stripe, an

antehumeral stripe, the sides of the thorax and the base and sides
of the segments of the abdomen, pale reddish; wings hyaline ;

PROTONEURA. (cE

pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous, the interior part obscurer. (From
the description of De Selys.)

Length near 27 millim. Alar expanse 32 millim.

‘Hab. Calisco, Cuba (De Selys).

PROTONEURA SEtys.

Quadrangular space oblong; no second sector of the triangle
(cf. Poey, Ins. Cuba, p. 470).

1. P. capillaris.
- Agrion capillare Ramb. Neuropt. 280, 30.—Protoneura capillaris Selys,
Poey Ins. Cuba, 471.

Extremely slender; thorax steel-blue, above blackish-violet ;
abdomen hair-like, violet-black, the third segment extremely long,
marked with a large, pale greenish-blue spot; wings long, ex-
tremely narrow, hyaline; the pterostigma black, subquadrate. (~¢.
From the description of De Selys.)

Length near 20 millim. Alar expanse 35 millim.

Hab. Cuba. (Collection of De Selys Longchamps.)

2. P.-antennata.
Agrion antennata Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 39, 3.

g. Obscure bluish-green, somewhat metallic; head green be-
fore, mouth yellow, vertex and occiput black, the latter with a
glaucous band which is clavate at each end; eyes dark greenish,
above blackish; antenne with the two basal joints thicker than
the others, equal in length, the second one cylindrical, the third -
attenuated at base; dorsum of the thorax with a glaucous stripe
each side; feet pale, with a broad black line on the femora and
one on the tibiee, excepting the posterior ones; abdomen with a
blue band at the base of the segments, the sides green, venter
glaucous, with a black line; wings hyaline; pterostigma rhomb-
oidal. (From Say’s description. )

Length near 33 millim.

Hab. Indiana. :

A species not seen by me. Say says: ‘‘ Two basal joints of the
antenne subequal,’”’ but from the description and from analogy, I
conclude that, not the first and second segments, but the second
and third, are equal: the first segment is alwaye very short in the
Agrions.

T4 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The length of the second segment in Agrion antennata Say,
shows that it does not belong to the genus Agrion in its stricter
sense. Iam not quite sure if it is a Protoneura.

AGRION Fas.

The apical sector straight; the postcostal space simple; the guad-
rangular space trapezoidal, with the exterior, inferior angle acute;
the pterostigma small, rhomboidal; abdominal appendages of the
males short. |

(Nehalennia Selys.)
The abdomen long and very slender; the colors brazen.

1. A. irene!
Agrion irene Hagen!

Bright brassy-green; head yellow in front; the third article of
the antennee annulated with pale; the hind margin of the protho-
rax broad triangular ¢, or biemarginated 2 ; dorsum of the tho-
rax bright brassy-green, the sides yellowish, above brassy-green ;
feet pale, exteriorly lineated with black; the abdomen slender,
brassy-green, the sides and a basal-yellow lunule upon the 3—6
segments; segment 8 with an apical spot, 9 with a triangular dor-
sal one, 10 almost altogether blue ¢, or 9 blue at the sides, and
10 blue at the apex ?, the tenth segment has the margin excised,
dentated; appendages extremely short, the superior one8 two-
parted, obtuse, the interior branch longer; the inferior append-
ages are longer, blue, triangularly tuberculated; ? apex of the
10th segment cleft; with the appendages obtuse, short, yellow ;
the eighth segment with no ventral spine; wings hyaline; ptero-
stigma short, rhomboidal, luteous; from nine to eleven postcubital
cross-nervules. ,

Length 25—28 millim. Alar expanse 28—30 millim.

flab. Chicago and Florida (Osten Sacken); Wisconsin and IIli-
nois (Robt. Kennicott); New Jersey (Uhler); Maine (Packard).
A most beautiful species.

2. A. macrogaster.
Agrion macrogaster Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 465.

Brassy-brown; dorsum of the prothorax testaceous, the hind

AGRION. 75

lobe black, emarginated upon the middle; dorsum of the thorax,
brown-brassy, each side with a testaceous stripe, sides and beneath
pale; feet pale, femora exteriorly black; abdomen extremely slen-
der, brassy-brown, with the incisures pale; wmgs hyaline, ptero-
stigma rhomboidal, fuscous, interiorly obscurer. (¢. From the
description of De Selys.)

Length near 46 millim. Alar expanse 43 millim.

fiab. Jamaica (De Selys Longchamps).

(Ischnura Charp.)

3. A. iners!
Agrion iners Hagen!

Brassy-black, varied with green and blue; head black, occiput
each side with a green point ¢, or a bluish one $ ; prothorax
with the posterior lobe short, broader in the middle, rounded,
hardly elevated; dorsum of the thorax brassy-brown, each side
with a narrow green stripe; sides green, a line beneath black; feet
black; femora and tibie interiorly and the tarsi in part green;
abdomen brassy-black, the first articulations steel blue, 3—5 with
a medially interrupted yellow ring upon the base of each, 8 entirely
blue,.9—10 sides blue ¢ and 2; appendages short, the superior
-ones obtuse, with a process interiorly, beneath; the inferior ap-
pendages a little longer, cylindrical, subarcuated; the posterior
margin of the last segment elevated in the middle, sub-bifid; the
female has an acute ventral spine upon the 8th segment; wings
hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, luteous, the anterior ones of the
male black, with the apex whitish; eight postcubital cross-nervules.

2. Var. aurantiaca. Head green in front, with bluish occi-
pital points; dorsum of the thorax orange, a broad brassy-brown
stripe upon the middle, the sides dirty green; abdomen brassy-
black, the sides dirty green; the first segment orange, the second
orange, with a brassy-black apical spot; the third to the fifth with
a basal yellow ring which is interrupted in the middle; the follow-
ing segments are brassy-black; feet pale, with an external fuscous
line.

Length 31—34 millims. Alar expanse 31—40 millim.

flab. New York; Maryland (Uhler); Washington (Osten
Sacken); Louisiana (Schaum); Mexico (Deppe); Tampico
(Saussure) ; Cuba (Osten Sacken).

76 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

The colors of the living insect .were made known is me by
Baron Osten Sacken.

4. A. tuberculatum.

Agrion tuberculatum Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 467.

Black-brassy; a round blue point upon each side of the occiput ;
posterior lobe of the prothorax produced in the middle; thorax
yellowish-green, in front black-brassy, with two blue stripes; eighth
segment of the abdomen blue, the tenth, in the males, tuberculated
behind; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous; ptero-
' stigma of the male black within. (From the description of De
Selys Longchamps. )

Length 35 millim. Alar expanse 37 millim.

Hab. Cuba; Campeachy; Cayenne.

5. A. ramburii!
Agrion ramburit Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 468.

Brassy-brown, varied with green and blue; head each side with
a green occipital point; prothorax with the posterior lobe small,
having a flat tubercle upon the middle, in the female broader ;
dorsum of the thorax brassy-brown, each side with a narrow green
vitta; the sides green, with a medial black stripe at the wings;
feet pale exteriorly, lineated with black ; abdomen brassy-fuscous,
the sides green, segments 3—6 with a yellow, medially interrupted,
basal band, segments 8—9 blue, with a black stripe each side;
appendages short, superior ones thick, triangular, excavated on
the inside; inferior ones acute, unguiculated; the last abdominal
segment with the posterior margin elevated in the middle and bifid;
wings hyaline, pterostigma small, rhnomboidal, in the anterior wings
of the male black.

© Hither thorax reddish-yellow, the dorsum of the thorax with
a broad brassy stripe, the whole of the abdominal dorsum brassy-
fuscous; or pruinose, black, with the apex of the abdominal seg-
ments also black.

Length 25—28 millim. Alar expanse 27—30 millim.

Hab. New York; Washington; Dalton, Georgia (Osten
Sacken); Philadelphia; Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex.); St.
Louis. I have not seen the specimens of De Selys; he notes
them to be from Martinique; Campeachy; Yucatan and Vera
Cruz; are they different? I formerly called my species Agrion
expertum |

AGRION. ra

6. A. positum !
Agrion positum Hagen !

Brassy-fuscous, varied with green; head brassy-fuscous, each
side with an occipital point green (), or blue (2); prothorax
with the posterior lobe small, rounded and produced in the middle,
dorsum of the thorax brassy-brown, each side anteriorly with a
stripe and at the wings a point (forming an! sign) green, sides
yellowish-green, with a black line upon the middle; feet yellowish,
the femora, and the tibiz exteriorly black ; abdomen brassy-fuscous,
sides yellowish-green, the brassy-fuscous color is dilated before the
apex of the segments; the incisures black, the first green; seg-
ments 8—7 with a basal yellow lunule; the dorsum of the last
segment has, sometimes, a blue pruinose, quadrangular spot, the
posterior margin of this segment is elevated in the middle, and
bifid; appendages short, yellow, the superior ones tuberculose
inflated, a small tooth, exteriorly, upon the middle, the inferior
ones flat, recurved, with the apex black, serrated; the tenth seg-
ment in the female, with the hind margin yellow, entire ; no ventral
spine; the appendages short, trigonal, approximated, yellow;
wings hyaline, pterostigma small, rhomboidal, fuscous, surrounded
with pale. 7—9 postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 2428 millim. Alar expanse 23—34 millim.

Hab, Savannah, Dalton, Georgia ; Washington (Osten Sacken).

The colors of the living insect were made known to me by Baron
Osten Sacken. The male (from Dalton) is sometimes smaller,
having 5 postcubital cross-nervules; but it can hardly be a dis-
tinct species. The adult female is black, pruinose, with the apex
of the segments black-brassy.

7, A. hastatum!

Agrion hastata Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 38, 2. Selys! Poey Ins.
Cuba, 470 (subg. ANOMALAGRION). Agrion anomalum Ramb.! Neu-
ropt. 281, 31. Agrion venerinotatum Haldeman, Proc. Acad. Philad.
1844, 55.

Brassy-green, varied with orange and yellow; head brassy-
green in front, and an occipital point each side orange; prothorax
with the posterior lobe somewhat produced in the middle ; dorsum
of the thorax brassy-green, each side with a narrow yellow stripe,
sides yellow, superiorly brassy-green, inferiorly a black stripe at
the wings; feet yellow, apex of the femora with a black stripe

18 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

exteriorly : abdomen yellow, segments 1—2 dorsum brassy-green,
3 and 6 with a very narrow dorsal spot before the apex, 4 and 5
with a basal acute spot and an apical orbicular one, 7 the dorsum
entirely, and the eighth with a quadrangular basal spot brassy-
green. (The markings in the younger individuals are very varia-
ble; the second segment has the dorsal spot incised each side before
the apex, 3 with the dorsal spot interrupted, 7 with the basal spot
bifid, 8 and the following ones entirely yellow; sometimes 3—6
have a basal stripe, and the apical spot .almost obsolete, and T—
10 yellow.) The tenth segment has a long process upon the mid-
dle, which is oblique, cylindrical and bifid at the apex; append-
ages short, yellow, superior ones broader, incurved, broadly bifid,
inferior ones a little longer, unguiculated; wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma of the posterior ones rhomboidal black, of the anterior ones
very singular, larger, rufous, surrounded with yellow, and not
attaining to the costal margin; seven postcubital cross-nervules.

2 Head orange, having a broad brassy-green, transverse stripe;
posterior lobe of the prothorax produced in the middle; dorsum
of the thorax orange, with a broad brassy-green stripe ; sometimes
a black humeral line; sides yellowish; feet pale yellow; abdomen
orange, segment 6, a dorsal line dilated at the apex, T—9 dorsum
brassy-fuscous, 9 having a yellow middle fascia ; posterior margin
of 10 entire; ventral spine of 8 almost absent; appendages short,
trigonal, thick, yellow; wings hyaline, pterostigma of each of the
wings regular, yellowish.

Var. 2..Brassy-black, pruinose, thorax and abdomen with the
sides yellow; the feet exteriorly lineated with black.

Length 23—27 millim. Alar expanse 23—80 millim.

Hab. Indiana (Say); Maine (Packard); Mass. (Scudder); Ma-
ryland (Uhler); Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex.); Savannah,
Georgia (Osten Sacken); Louisiana (Schaum); Florida (Osten
Sacken, Norton); Pennsylvania (Haldeman); Cuba; Merida;
Venezuela. A common species. .

The form of the pterostigma in the anterior wings of the male
is very singular; no other species of Odonata have the pterostigma
so separated from the costal margin.

8. A. capreolus!
Agrion capreolus Hagen!

Brassy-black, head in front, and an occipital point each side

AGRION. 19

green; posterior margin of the prothorax, with the middle lobe
small, rounded; dorsum of the thorax black, each side of it a green
stripe; sides green, with a small black stripe at the wings; feet
pale, exteriorly, in part, lineated with black; abdomen very slen-
der, brassy-black, the sides and a basal annulus upon segments
3—6 yellowish-green; apical half of 8, and 9 entirely blue; a
stout process upon the margin of the tenth segment, which is two-
horned; appendages short, superior ones black, trigonal, obtuse ;
inferior ones yellowish, longer, two-parted, the external branch
broader, trigonal, the internal branch longer, cylindrical, ungui-
culated, strongly recurved; wings hyaline; pterostigma small,
yellow, in the middle fuscous. Six to eight postcubital cross-
nervules. Male.

Length 22 millims. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab. Porto Rico, Brazil.

Almost the smallest species known.

9. A. aduncum !

Agrion aduncum Hagen |!

Black, varied with yellow; head black, in front and an occipital
spot which is cuneiform, each side, yellow; posterior margin of
the prothorax rounded; dorsum of the thorax luteous, with a broad
medial, black stripe; sides luteous; feet luteous, exteriorly lineated
with black; abdomen very slender, brassy-black, the sides, and a
basal ring, which is excised in the middle, yellow, upon segments
3—8; 9—10 blue (¢), or 9 at the sides and 10 entirely luteous
(2); appendages very short, the superior ones longer, biparted,
the external branch cylindrical, obtuse, straight; the internal
branch slender, curved downwards; the inferior appendages obtuse,
emarginated at the apex; & apex of the tenth segment cleft; the
appendages obtuse, luteous; eighth segment with an acute ven-
tral spine; wings hyaline; pterostigma small, rhomboidal, luteous,
fuscous in the middle. Nine postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 26 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

fab, Cuba.

10. A. discolor.
Agrion discolor Burm.! Handb. II, 819, 8.

Uniformly testaceous, or with the dorsum rosy, or brassy-black;
thorax two-striped ; pterostigma pale. Female. (From Burmeis-
ter’s description. )

80 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length 26 millim.

Hab. South Carolina (Zimmerman); unknown to me; is it not
a female Agrion sauctum Burm. ?

A. dorsale Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba is perhaps different.

ll. A. credulum!
Agrion credulum Hagen!

Brassy fuscous; head in front and an occipital point each side
blue; posterior lobe of the prothorax short, rounded; dorsum of ~
the thorax brassy fuscous, each side with a blue stripe, sides blue,
a line in the middle black; feet black, femora within, base of the
tibize exteriorly, and apex of the tarsi pale; abdomen brassy
fuscous, the sides and a basal ring upon segments 3—6 yellow;
segment 8 entirely, 9 base only blue; segment 10 elevated in
the middle of the margin, sub-bifid; appendages short, apex of
the superior ones arcuated, biparted; the internal branch longer,
at the apex obliquely truncated, the external branch conical; the
inferior appendages a little longer, unguiculated; wings hyaline,
pterostigma of. the anterior ones black, exteriorly whitish, of the
posterior wings luteous. Hight postcubital cross-nervules. Female
similarly colored, pterostigma of all the wings luteous. (The spe-
cimen is very much mutilated. )

Var, 2. Head brassy-green, in front and an occipital point
each side orange, posterior lobe of the prothorax short, rounded ;
thorax orange, dorsum with a middle brassy-green stripe; feet
yellowish, exteriorly black; abdomen brassy-green, sides, a ring
upon the basal segments and the second segment each side at base
orange yellow. (The apex of the abdomen is destroyed.)

Length 30 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey); St. Thomas. Allied to Agrion ramburti.

12. A. defixum !
Agrion defixum Hagen!

Black; head in front and an occipital point each side green;
posterior margin of the prothorax short, rounded; dorsum of the
thorax black, each side with a green stripe; sides green, a small
stripe at the wings black; feet green, exteriorly black; abdomen
black, sides, and a basal annulus upon segments 3—6 green, 8—9
blue, at base a little black; 10 with the margin elevated in the
middle, sub-bifid ; appendages short, superior ones two-branched,

AGRION. 81

external branch conical, straight, internal branch longer, flat; in-
ferior ones unguiculated, longer, oblique, recurved; wings hyaline;
pterostigma of the anterior ones black, exteriorly white; of the
posterior wings luteous; seven postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 30 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim.

Hiab. Northern California.

13. A. denticolle!
Agrion denticolle Burm. Handb. II, 819, 9.

Black ; head anteriorly, and an occipital point each side, blue;
margin of the prothorax straight, the middle lobe small, narrow,
rounded; dorsum of the thorax brassy-black (¥¢), or each side
with a blue stripe (¢); sides blue, or with an anterior, superior
black spot (2); feet pale, femora and tibize partly black, or
lineated with black (2); abdomen (eight last segments of the
male destroyed) brassy-black, the sides and a basal ring upon
3—6 yellowish, 8 blue, 9 with a large dorsal spot, and the base
covered with blue; 10 dorsum medially elevated, plicated, yellow;
appendages short, yellow; eighth segment with no ventral spine;
wings hyaline; pterostigma luteous; anterior pterostigma of the
male black; ten postcubital cross-nervules. |

Length 27 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim.

Hab. Moretia, Mexico (Saussure).

14. A. demorsum!

Agrion demorsum Hagen!

Brassy-green ; head in front, and an occipital point, blue; pos-
terior margin of the prothorax small, rounded; dorsum of the
thorax brassy-green, each side of it a blue stripe; sides blue; feet
pale, exteriorly black; abdomen brassy-green, the sides and a
basal annulus, on segments 3—6, yellowish, segments 8—9 blue ;
posterior margin of 10 with a narrow, elevated middle process, the
apex bifid; appendages short, superior ones fuscous, two-branched,
external branch conical, straight, the internal one longer, flat;
inferior appendages yellow, broadly bifid, the branches spreading
apart, unguiculated, the apex black; the upper branch longer;
wings hyaline; pterostigma luteous, anterior ones of the ¢ black,
exteriorly white; 8—9 postcubital cross-nervules. (The abdo-
men of the female is partly destroyed.)

82 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length 27 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim.
Hab. Moretia, Mexico (Saussure).

15. A. verticale.
Agrion verticale Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 37, 1.

Obscure-blue, somewhat pruinose; head green, each side with a
blue occipital spot; thorax blue, dorsum with a middle brassy
stripe, and the sides with a black line; feet deep green, femora _
exteriorly black, tibize with an exterior black line; abdomen brassy-
green, the incisures pale, segments 9—10 blue; 10 with the pos-
terior middle somewhat elevated, elevation excised (¢), or the
segments pruinose, black at their apex, with pale incisures (2);
venter pale green, with a middle black line; wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma rhomboidal, fuscous. (From the description of Say.)

Length 25 millim.

Hab. Indiana (Say). ‘‘Rare. August.”

Unknown to me; perhaps it is A. positum?

16. A. exsulans!

Agrion exsulans Hagen!

Black ; head blue in front (%), or yellowish-green (2); occiput
each side with a cuneiform blue spot; hind margin of the protho-
rax short, rounded, with a small tubercle upon the middle, which
is larger in the female; dorsum of the thorax black, each side with
a blue stripe; sides blue, with a narrow black line upon the mid-
dle (¢); or green, with a black middle stripe divided by a yellow
line; a humeral yellow stripe each side, margined with fuscous,
and with the sides green (2); feet pale, exteriorly lineated with
black ; abdomen brassy-black, the sides and a ring upon the base
of segments 2—6 bright blue; segment 10 with the posterior
margin elevated and subexcised ; appendages black, superior ones
rounded bifid, the inferior branch longer; inferior appendages
unguiculated, slender, recurved; or (¢) dorsum of the abdomen
fuscous, sides dirty green, and with the apex of the ninth and the
whole of the tenth segment blue; the appendages short; the
eighth segment having a long ventral spine; wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma small, rhomboidal, black (¢), or luteous (2); nine post-
cubital cross-nervules.

Length 33—36 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.

AGRION. 83.

Hab. Philadelphia; Berkeley Springs, Va. (Osten Sacken);
Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

The colors in the living insect were communicated to me by
Baron Osten Sacken.

17. A. prognatum ! ‘
Agrion prognatum Hagen!

Green-brassy, varied with green; head above green-brassy, the
mouth and a point upon each side of the occiput bright green;
posterior margin of the prothorax very short, with a small tuber-
cle upon the middle; dorsum of the thorax green-brassy, each side
with a bright green stripe ; sides green, with two short green-brassy
stripes at the wings; feet pale, knees exteriorly lineated with black;
abdomen slender, green-brassy, the sides, and a basal lunule upon
segments 83—6, green; segment 9 entirely, and 10 with the sides
bluish-green ; the tenth segment has an elevated process upon the
middle of the posterior margin, which is long, cylindrical, black,
the apex yellow; superior appendages bifid, the exterior branch
long, narrow, laminated, incurved; the inferior branch hardly
shorter, yellow, curved downwards; the inferior appendages yel-
low, unguiculated ; wings hyaline, pterostigma large, rhomboidal,
snow-white, interiorly brownish-black ; eight postcubital cross-
nervules (¢).

Length 35 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. Berkeley Springs, Va. (Osten Sacken).

The colors of the living insect were made known to me by Baron
Osten Sacken.

18. A. pollutum!
Agrion pollutum Hagen!

Brassy-fuscous ; head brassy-fuscous, in front and a cuneiform,
occipital spot each side orange; hind margin of the prothorax
rounded; dorsum of the thorax brassy-fuscous, each side with a
broad orange stripe; sides yellowish, with a black line inferiorly;
feet yellowish, knees sublineated with fuscous; abdomen long,
slender, brassy-fuscous; sides yellow, lateral margin yellow; seg-
ments 2—6 with a basal yellow annulus; 9 entirely and 10 sides
blue (¢), or the apex of 9 and the whole of 10 blue (); appen-
dages, superior ones long, with the apex broader, dolabriform ;

84 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the inferior ones shorter, unguiculated ; apex of the tenth segment
in the 2 cleft; the appendages short; eighth segment with the
ventral spine long; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, nar-
row, fuscous; ten postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 34 millim. Alar expanse 34—88 millim.

Hab. Florida (Osten Sacken; Norton).

19. A. signatum !

Agrion signatum Hagen!

Fuscous; head in front and a cuneiform occipital spot each side
yellow; posterior margin of the prothorax rounded; dorsum of
the thorax each side with a broad yellow stripe; sides yellow, with
a middle black line; feet yellow; abdomen long, slender, fuscous,
the sides, segments 3—7 with a basal annulus, 9 entirely and 10 at
the sides, yellow ; superior appendages long, straight, subdolabri-
form, the apex not broader, at the extremity of the apex subin-
curved, black; inferior appendages short, black, subincurved ;
wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous, ¢{; ten postcu-
bital cross-nervules.

Length 35 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot) ; Louisiana (Schaum).

20. A. coecum!
Agrion coecum Hagen!

Black ; head brassy-black, with a blue occipital spot each side ;
posterior margin of the prothorax each side sub-excised; dorsum
of the thorax brassy-black, each side with a rosy-blue stripe ; sides
rosy-blue, with a black stripe inferiorly ; feet yellowish, exteriorly
black ; abdomen shorter, slender, black, segments 1—38 rosy-blue,
2 with a forked line, and 8 with the sides and apex black, 8 and 9
blue; appendages black, superior ones long, the base beneath do-
labriform, the apex cylindrical; the inferior ones short, approxi-
mated cylindrical, recurved; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, rhom-
boidal, black; female paler, abdomen brassy-fuscous, segments 3—7
with a yellow basal annulus, the sides, and eighth segment almost
entirely blue, the ventral spine acute; 10—12 posteubital cross-
nervules. Male.

Length 31 millim. Alar expense 36 millim.

Hab. St. Thomas; Cuba. (Osten Sacken, Poey.)

AGRION. 85

Subgenus Pyrrhosoma Carp.

i. A. saucium !
Agrion saucium Burm.! Handb. II, 819, 10.

Red; head above black ¢, or middle blackish-fuscous ? ; pos-
terior lobe of the prothorax short, the middle sub-depressed ; dor-
sum of the thorax black ¢, or red @, sides yellowish-red ; feet pale
yellow; abdomen red; the seventh segment has the sides at apex
black, and the remaining segments are entirely black; 9 apex of
the seventh segment each side with a point, and 8 and 9 are en-
tirely black; appendages short, red, the superior ones depressed,
flat, narrow, subsinuated; inferior ones a little longer, unguicu-
lated; the tenth segment has the middle of the posterior margin
elevated, excised; appendages of the female short, red, trigonal;
the eighth segment with a longer ventral spine; wings hyaline,
pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous; 11—8 postcubital cross-ner-
vules.

Length 26—22 millim. Alar expanse 31—27 millim.

Hab, Washington, Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Maryland,
Pennsylvania (Uhler); South Carolina (Zimmerman) ; Illinois
(Kennicott); Maine (Packard); Mass. (Scudder).

22. A. salvum!

Agrion saluum Hagen !

Red; head above with a broad brassy-green stripe; the poste-
rior lobe of the prothorax broader, rounded, each side sub-excised ;
dorsum of the thorax red, upon the middle a broad brassy-green
stripe excised each side at the wings; sides yellowish-red, with
a superior short stripe brassy-green upon the middle; feet yellow-
ish; abdomen red, venter paler; margin of the tenth segment ex-
cised in the middle; appendages short, red; superior ones cylindri-
eal, straight, acute with a tooth inferiorly before the apex; inferior
ones a little longer, unguiculated, subrecurved; (2 apex of the
abdomen wanting;) wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, fus-
cous; 9—11 postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 28 millim. Alar expanse 31 millim. ©

Hab. Mexico (Deppe).

86 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

23. A. vulneratum !
Agrion vulneratum Hagen!

_ Brassy-green, varied with red; head brassy-green, in front red;_
posterior lobe of the prothorax larger, margined with yellow, the
sides obliquely truncated; dorsum of the thorax obscure brassy-
green, each side with a narrow sulphur-yellow humeral line; sides
sulphur-yellow; superiorly, a broad, bifid, brassy-green stripe, and
two lines, the second one interrupted, black; feet reddish-yellow,
femora exteriorly lineated with black; abdomen long, red, apex of
the dorsum infuscated, or () blackish-fuscous; appendages short,
red, superior ones broad, triangular, flat, incurved at the apex;
inferior ones oblong, broad, the apex truncated; segment 10 with
the margin excised in the middle; appendages of the female short,
broad, yellow; eighth ventral segment with no spine; wings hya-
line, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous. 11 postcubital cross-ner-
vules.

Var. 2 Dorsum of the abdomen fusco-aeneous, with a broadly
interrupted yellow ring at the base of the segments.

Length 33 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. Porto Rico (Moritz); Cuba (Poey); Hssequibo, Guiana.

24. A. dominicanum.
Agrion dominicanum Selys. Poey, Ins. Cuba, 466.

Red; vertex, occiput, and the thorax above fusco-aeneous, with
four pale red stripes; the sides and beneath yellow; feet pale red;
wings hyaline, rather broad, pterostigma sub-elongated, fuscous.
(From the description of De Selys Longchamps.)

Length 31 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. Hayti.

25. A. rufulum!
Agrion rufulum Hagen!

Rufous; head in front and behind yellowish; hind margin of the
prothorax rounded; dorsum of the thorax rufous, sides yellowish ;
feet yellow; abdomen rufous, the sides and venter yellowish (the
apex destroyed) ; wings hyaline, veins red, pterostigma rhomboidal,
sanguineous. ¢. 11 postcubital cross-nervules.

Length about 37 millim, Alar expanse 38 millim.

flab. North California.

AGRION. 87

Subgenus Agriom CuHaArp.

26. A. annexum!

Agrion annexum Hagen!

Black, brassy; head and thorax villous; head marked with blue-
black (¢), or reddish-yellow (2); occiput each side with a large
spot, which is serrated posteriorly; hind lobe of the prothorax
rounded, subexcised on each side; dorsum of the thorax black,
brassy, each side with a broad blue stripe (4), or reddish-yellow;
sides blue, or reddish-yellow, with an abrupt black, middle line ;
feet black, femora interiorly, tibiee exteriorly (¢) or base exter-
nally (¢) pale; abdomen (¢) blue, the first segment with a basal
spot, segment 2 with an orbicular, pedunculated apical one, 3—5
with the apical half anteriorly hastated, 6—T almost entirely, and
10 entirely black-brassy; 8 and 9 are blue, with a black point each
side on the middle; margin of 10 excised in the middle; append-
ages short, black, superior ones cylindrical, obtuse, straight; the
inferior ones a little longer, trigonal, subunguiculated; (9 ) red-
dish-yellow; segment 1 with a basal spot, 2 with a dorsal stripe,
dilated before the apex, the rest with the dorsum fusco-aeneous ;
3—8 have each side a triangular, larger, reddish-yellow spot; the
margin of the tenth segment cleft in the middle; ventral spine of
segment 8 long, acute; appendages short, thick, black; wings hy-
aline, pterostigma rhomboidal, large, fuscous; fourteen postcubital
cross-nervules.

Length 35—37 millim. Alar expanse 43—50 millim.

Hab. Sitka (Eschscholz; Berlin Museum).

Allied to A. cyathigerum Charp., of Europe.

27. A. durum!
Agrion durum Hagen!

Black-brassy, head and thorax villous; (¢) marked with blue,
or (2) with yellowish-red ; allied to the preceding ‘species, but
may be distinguished from it by the occipital spots being narrow,
cuneiform, not posteriorly serrated; the prothorax has the posterior
lobe rounded, not subexcised; the dorsum of the thorax has a
middle line, which is blue or reddish-yellow; the feet pale, femora
exteriorly and the tibie interiorly black, tarsi pale; abdomen (¢),
segments 3—6 nigro-aeneous at the apex, longly hastated; supe-

88 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rior appendages broad, excavated within, with a pale tubercle be-
neath; the inferior ones pale, hardly longer, acute; or (2) dorsal
bands of the segments, fusco-aeneous, narrower, dilated before the
apex; pterostigma obscure, that of the males black; fourteen post-
cubital cross-nervules.

Length 837—42 millim. Alar expanse 44—50 millim.

Hab. Maryland (Uhler); Louisiana (Schaum); Florida (Osten
Sacken; Norton). ‘

28. A. civile!
Agrion civile Hagen!

Black-brassy, varied with blue (~%), or green (?); head and
thorax villous; head in front blue, occiput each side with an elon-
gated blue spot; posterior margin of the prothorax rounded, en-
tire; dorsum of the thorax nigro-aeneous, each side with a broad
blue stripe (¢), or green (¢); sides blue in both sexes; beneath
pruinose; feet pale, femora and tibise with an imperfect, external
black line; abdomen blue (¢), segment 1 with a small basal spot,
2 with an orbicular apical one, 3—5 with an acute apical band,
brassy-black; 6— brassy-black, blue at base; 8—9 blue; 10
brassy-black, the margin broadly excised; superior appendages
black, long, divaricated, bifid, with a pale oval tubercle set between;
inferior appendages short, pale, unguiculated; or (9) blue, a dor-
sal large, lanceolated spot, dilated before the apex of the segments
and not attaining the base upon segments 47, nigro-aeneous ;
margin of the tenth segment cleft; appendages short, thick, lurid;
ventral spine of the eighth segment acute; wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma rhomboidal, exteriorly rounded, black (¢), or luteous (?);
eleven postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 32—35 millim. Alar expanse 37 millim.

Hab. New York; Maryland (Uhler); Washington (Osten Sack-
en); Texas (Friedrich); Pecos River; Matamoras, Mexico.

The colors of the living insect were made known to me by Baron
Osten Sacken.

29. A. praevarum!
Agrion praevarum Hagen!
Black-brassy, varied with blue (J), or green (¢); head and

thorax villous; very closely allied to the preceding species; differs
in having the posterior margin of the prothorax each side excised ;

AGRION. 89

(Jf) abdominal segment 2 has an orbicular spot, which is subacu-
minate in front, the sides sometimes have a line brassy-black, 3 has
an apical spot, acuminated in front, 4—6 brassy-black, with the
base blue; superior appendages bifid, no tubercle inserted between;
the abdomen of the female is marked very much like that of Agrion
civile (the apex is destroyed); dorsum of the thorax with a middle
green line.

Length 32 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Deppe); female from Trajos del Oro (Saussure).

30. A. ebrium!

Agrion ebrium Hagen!

Black-brassy, varied with blue; head and thorax villous; very
closely allied to Ag. civile, differs in having broader occipital spots,
the femora and tibiz exteriorly, and sometimes the whole of the
tarsi black; the abdomen has segment 6, upon the apical half,
marked with a hastate, black-brassy spot, the superior appendages
are bifid, no introduced tubercle, the branches equal, parallel (in
A. civile divaricated); inferior appendages straight, the apex less
acuminated; eleven postcubital cross-nervules. Male.

Length 29—31 millim. Alar expanse 36—40 millim.

Hab. Chicago (Osten Sacken); North America (Zimmerman) ;
New Orleans (Pfeiffer; the specimen is very much mutilated,
doubtful).

31. A. doubledayi!

Agrion doubledayi Selys! Revue des Odonates, 209; Poey! Ins. Cuba,
469.

Black-brassy, varied with blue (¢), or yellowish-green? (¢);
head brassy-black, in front blue, the occipital spots sublinear; pos-
terior margin of the prothorax rounded; dorsum of the thorax
brassy-black, each side of it is a broad blue stripe, sides blue, a
medial linear spot at the wings; feet pale, femora and tibie exte-
riorly lineated with black; abdomen (7) blue, segment 1 with a
basal quadrangular spot, segment 2 with an orbicular apical one,
3—5 with an apical ring, 6 with a large hastiform spot, and 7 and
10 entirely brassy-black, 8—9 entirely blue; margin of the tenth
segment excised, in the middle somewhat bituberculated; superior
appendages black, broad, thick, the apex excised, with a pale
tubercle adjacent; the inferior ones pale, acute, oblique; or (?)

90 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dorsum of the abdomen brassy-black, with basal yellowish lunules
upon the segments; segment 8 with an acute ventral spine; wings
hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, small, black, or (9) fuscous; ten
postcubital cross-nervules. ‘
Length 31 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.
Hab. Florida (Norton); St. John’s Bluff, Florida (Double-
day).

o2. A. bipunctulatum!
Agrion bipunctulatum Hagen!

Black-brassy, varied with blue; head black, in front blue, occipi-
tal spots absent; posterior lobe of the prothorax broader, each side
rounded; dorsum of the thorax brassy-black, each side of it a blue
stripe; sides blue, with a black middle line; feet pale, femora and
tibize with an external line, and the tarsi entirely black; abdomen
blue; segment 1 has a basal spot, 2 has an apical point each side,
3—6 at the apex, 7 almost entirely brassy-black, 8—10 blue;
margin of the last segment subexcised, each side tuberculous, a
bifid tubercle upon the middle inferiorly; appendages extremely
short, black, superior ones cylindrical, inferior ones a little longer,
broader, obtuse, with an apical tooth superiorly; wings hyaline ;
pterostigma small, rhomboidal, rufous; eleven postcubital cross-
nervules.

Length 28 millim. Alar expanse 33 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

33. A. violaceum!

Agrion violaceum Hagen!

Violaceous; head with a transverse black stripe superiorly; a
large violaceous occipital spot each side; posterior margin of the
prothorax rounded, subexcised in the middle; dorsum of the thorax
violet, upon the middle a narrow black stripe; sides pale violet, a
bifid stripe above at the wings and a line upon the middle, black ;
feet pale, femora exteriorly, tibie interiorly and the tarsi entirely
black; abdomen (¢) violet, segments 2 to 6 with an apical spot
each side, and 7 almost entirely black; margin of 10 broadly ex-
cised ; appendages short, superior ones broad, obtuse, inferior ones
larger, the apex sub-bifid; or (?) yellowish-green, segments each
side with an apical stripe and point, and 7 almost entirely black ;

AGRION. 91

segment 8 with no ventral spine; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhom-
boidal fuscous; 11—15 postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 33—36 millim. Alar expanse 40—44 millim.

Hab. Maryland (Uhler); Berkeley Springs, Virginia; Washing-
ton (Osten Sacken); Pecos River, W. Texas (Capt. Pope); Massa-
chusetts (Scudder) ; Connecticut (Norton); New York (Edwards);
Illinois (Kennicott); New Jersey, Pennsylvania (Uhler).

34. A. fontium!

Agrion fontium Hagen!

_Brassy-black; head black, mouth and an occipital spot each side
blue; posterior margin of the prothorax short, sub-rect; dorsum
of the thorax black, each side of it a broad blue stripe; sides pale-
blue, a stripe superiorly and a line upon the middle black; feet
black, femora interiorly and tibiz exteriorly pale; abdomen slender
black, segments 4—7 with an interrupted, pale basal ring, dorsum
of 9—10 blue, 10 with a medial black fascia, the hind margin ex-
cised; appendages short, black, superior ones reniform, broken,
compressed; inferior ones larger, broad, excised; wings hyaline;
pterostigma rhomboidal black.

Fourteen postcubital cross-nervules. —

Var. Rosaceous; dorsum of the thorax each side with a broad
rosy stripe; sides with a rosy point on the superior stripe at the
wings; (¢) abdominal segments at sides, a dorsal line upon the
middle and a basal ring pale; no ventral spine.

Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim.

Hab. Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken); Georgia
(Abbot); the variety from Florida (Osten Sacken).

35. A. apicale !
Agrion apicalis Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 40, 4.

Blue; head with a transverse black stripe above; posterior mar-
gin of the prothorax subrotund; dorsum of the thorax blue, the
sutures black; sides blue, against the prothorax, superiorly, a
quadrangular black spot (¢); feet pale, femora exteriorly and
tibize interiorly black; abdomen brassy fuscous, a narrow dorsal
line,’a basal annulus to the segments and their sides pale; dorsal
surface of the three last segments blue (¢), or brassy fuscous (2 );
appendages small, the superior ones transverse, with a middle and

92 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

internal tooth; inferior ones longer, broad, bifid; margin of the
tenth segment excised, tuberculous; appendages of the female
short, obtuse; margin of the tenth segment cleft; no ventral spine
to the eighth segment; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal,
fuscous; fourteen postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 43 millim.

flab. United States, “very common” (Say); Washington ;
Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken).

36. A. funebre!
Agrion funebre Hagen !

Violaceous; head with an arcuated fascia above, and a trans-
verse occipital streak black ; margin of the prothorax behind, upon
the middle and each side subtruncated ; dorsum of the thorax vio-
laceous, a black stripe upon the middle, sides pale violaceous, a
stripe superiorly, either divided or excised, and a line upon the
middle black; feet pale, femora exteriorly, tibie interiorly and
tarsi black; abdomen obscure violaceous, segment 2 each side
with an angulose line, 3 to 6 apex or a spot each side, or entirely
and 7 entirely black, 8 fuscous at base (7), the following ones vio-
laceous; appendages short, superior ones obtuse, rounded at the
apex and incurved; inferior ones longer, oblong, the apex bifid,
the superior branch incurved; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhom-
boidal, fuscous. ¢. Fourteen postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 51 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Deppe).

It is allied to the two preceding species.

37. A. extraneum!

Agrion extraneum Hagen!

Very similar to the preceding, differs by having the head black
above; the posterior margin of the prothorax rounded; dorsum
of the abdomen black; margin of the tenth segment excised, be-
neath bituberculated ; superior appendages broader, emarginated,
the apex not incurved; the inferior ones bifid, the superior branch
very much recurved, obliquely truncated. ¢.

Length 35 millim. Alar expanse 42 millim.

ffab. Tampico, Mexico (Saussure).

AGRION. 93

38. A. calidum!
Agrion calidum Hagen!

Very much like the preceding, differs in having the dorsum of
the thorax black, each side a broad violaceous stripe; sides pale,
a broad stripe above, and an abrupt line upon the middle black;
feet almost entirely black; abdomen black, segments 9—10 blue
above, margin of segment 10 less excised; superior appendages
reniform, the internal tooth longer; inferior ones oblong, broad,
the apex excised ; wings hyaline sub-infumated, pterostigma larger,
black. Fifteen postcubital cross-nervules.

© Head luteous(?), a stripe superiorly and a post-occipital
streak black ; margin of the prothorax behind sub-excised in the
middle and each side, the thoracic process on each side laminated,
oblong, curved exteriorly ; dorsum of the thorax luteous(?), with
a black stripe in the middle, sides luteous, with a black humeral
line, dilated anteriorly; feet pale, the femora exteriorly, the
tibiz interiorly and the tarsi black; abdomen luteous (7), seg-
ment 2 each side, with an ante-apical spot, and 3—T7 upon the
apex black; dorsum of 10 almost entirely cleft; appendages short,
luteous; no ventral spine; wings sub-infumated, pterostigma large,
rufous.

Length 37—40 millim. Alar expanse 46—50 millim.

Hab. Tampico, Mexico (Saussure) ; California.

I saw a male taken at the same place (Tampico), allied to this
species, but the epistoma was brassy-green, the sides of the thorax
had no middle black line; the appendages destroyed. Is it a dis-
tinct species? The male from California is without head and
appendages, and is, as yet, doubtful.

39. A. immundum!

Agrion immundum Hagen !

Most like A. apicale, but differs in the color, being luteous, per-
haps rosaceous; dorsum of the thorax with a middle black stripe;
a humeral black line, which is cleft at the wings; abdomen ob-
scure luteous, segment 2 with a spot each side before the apex,
the apex of 3—6, and 7 entirely black, the following ones blue
(%) or luteous; segments 2—7 each side with a black streak, the
following ones blue (2); superior appendages obtuse, excised at
the apex; the inferior ones broad, sub-bifid at the apex, the supe-

94 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rior branch conical, recurved ; tenth segment of the female almost
entirely cleft; the appendages short, luteous; no ventral spine;
wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous; fourteen postcu-
bital cross nervules.

Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 44 millim.

Hiab. Tampico, Mexico (Saussure).

40. A. sedulum!
Agrion sedulum Hagen !

Black ; head blue above; posterior margin of the prothorax
sub-rect; dorsum of the thorax black, each side a blue stripe;
sides blue, superiorly with a black fascia, which is biserrated below,
and a black line upon the middle; feet pale, femora exteriorly and
the tibizee within black; abdomen black, segments 2 to 7 with a
dorsal blue spot at base, the following ones entirely blue; append-
ages black, short, superior ones cylindrical, straight, obtuse, with
an ante-apical tooth beneath; inferior ones longer, bifid, the
branches divaricated, recurved beneath; margin of the tenth seg-
ment elevated in the middle, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma
rhomboidal, brownish-black. ¢. Thirteen postcubital cross-ner-
vules.

Length 34 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim,.

Hab. Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken); Pecos River,
Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

The colors of the living insect were communicated to me by
Baron Osten Sacken.

41. A. moestum!
Agrion moestum Hagen !

Fuscous ; head blue in front; posterior margin of the prothorax
subrect; dorsum of the thorax fuscous, each side with a broad
blue stripe(?) ; sides brassy-fuscous, with an obscure blue middle
stripe(?); feet luteous, femora exteriorly and tibie interiorly
brassy-fuscous; abdomen brassy-fuscous, segments 3—7 with a
basal blue lunule; segment 10 margin excised in the middle ;
appendages extremely short, the superior ones obtuse, incurved at
the apex, the inferior ones broad, truncated at the apex, hardly
sinuated.

2 Pale green; -head with a post-occipital fuscous streak ; .pos-
terior margin of the prothorax subrect, each side with a brassy-

AGRION. 95

fuscous point; the process upon the thorax, near each side, lami-
nated, oblong, short, rounded; thorax pale green, a dorsal, fuscous,
middle line; feet pale green, the femora sublineated with fuscous ;
abdomen pale green, segments 3—7 each side, with a lateral fus-
cous streak; appendages short, pale; the wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma rhomboidal, black (J), or luteous (2). Fifteen postcubi-
tal cross-nervules.

Length 43—45 millim. Alar expanse 50—56 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas, July (Capt. Pope).

42. A. lugens!
-Agrion luyens Hagen!

Luteous; head above with an arcuated, angulose line, and a
postoccipital fascia blackish-brown ; posterior margin of the pro-
thorax subrotund, each side with an arcuated black spot; process
of the thorax near-each side, laminated, small, narrow, curved out-
wards ; thorax luteous, a dorsal middle streak and two narrow
stripes each side, fuscous; sides luteous, above with a broadly
divided stripe, upon the middle at the wings an abrupt streak, and
a line beneath black; feet luteous, femora exteriorly and tibez
interiorly subfuscous; abdomen thick, luteous, a broad stripe each
side, confluent together at the apices‘of the segments, blackish-
brown, the last segment cleft; appendages short, luteous; wings
hyaline, pterostigma larger, rhomboidal, fuscous, luteous in the
middle; sixteen postcubital cross-nervules. (.)

Length 50 millim. Alar expanse 67 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Mihlenpford; Berlin Museum).

It belongs to the genus Hyponrura Selys, which is distin-
guished by the postcostal space being multi-areolate.

43. A. lacrimans!
Agrion lacrimans Hagen !

Luteous; head luteous, above with spots in the middle, and a
postoccipital streak black; posterior margin of the prothorax
short, broadly bi-emarginated, and with a geminate black spot;
laminated process near each side of the thorax broadened at the
apex and curved inwards; dorsum of the thorax luteous, a black
stripe on the middle; sides luteous, a humeral line dilated ante-
riorly, and a middle line black; feet luteous, exteriorly and tarsi
brownish-black ; abdomen luteous, a broad, black stripe each side,

96 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

confluent together at the apices of the segments (apex destroyed);
wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, luteo-fuscous; sixteen post-
cubital cross-nervules. (.) ,

Length about 45 millim. Alar expanse 56 millim.

Hab. Cordova, Mexico (Saussure).

44. A. putridum!
Agrion putridum Hagen !

Fuscous; head fuscous, in front luteous; posterior margin of
the prothorax subrect; dorsum of the thorax luteous, a fuscous
stripe upon the middle; sides luteous; a stripe superiorly, which
is excised at the wings, and a line upon the middle blackish-brown;
feet luteous, femora exteriorly and tibize interiorly fuscous ; abdo-
men black, segments 3—7 each side with a pale basal lunule; head,
thorax, and apex of the abdomen pruinose; margin of the tenth
segment excised in the middle; appendages short, superior ones
obtuse, an ante-apical tooth beneath, the inferior appendages
broad, truncated at the apex. & pale green; head with a post-
occipital black streak; posterior margin of the prothorax straight,
each side with a black spot; laminated process near each side of
the thorax small, straight, rounded ; dorsum of the thorax green,
a black line upon the middle; sides green, a black line in the
middle; feet paler; abdomen green, each side with an interrupted
black line; apex of the tenth:segment excised; appendages short;
wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal, black (¢), or luteous (2);
fourteen postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 48 millim.

fTab. Wisconsin River (Kennicott); Berkeley Springs, Virginia
(Osten Sacken); Maryland (Uhler).

45. A. cupreum !
Agrion cupreum Hagen!

Coppery-purple; head cupreous; posterior margin of the pro-
thorax rounded; dorsum of the thorax cupreous, the middle carina
black; sides pale, above coppery; feet black, tibize pale exteriorly ;
abdomen black, segment 2 fusco-aeneous, 4—8 with a basal blue
annulus, 9—10 entirely blue; margin of 10 excised, bituberculated
beneath ; appendages black, the superior ones flat, subelongated,
triangular, bifid at the apex, the interior branch subincurved; the
inferior ones longer, the apex broader, excised. The eighth seg-

AGRION. 97

ment is sometimes all blue ¢. Specimens from Venezuela are
smaller, but hardly distinct; their females have the head marked
each side with a luteous, occipital point; hind margin of the pro-
thorax slightly sinuated ; laminated process near each side of the
thorax short, curved inwards; dorsum of the thorax luteous, a
cupreous stripe upon the middle; sides yellowish-green, with a
brassy stripe above ; abdomen yellowish-green, each side with an
interrupted, black stripe; wings hyaline, pterostigma rhomboidal,
black (¢), or luteous (2); fifteen posteubital cross-nervules.

Length 40—33 millim. Alar expanse 48—40 millim.

flab. Cordova, Mexico (Saussure); Venezuela (Appun).

46. A. aspersum!

Agrion aspersum Hagen !

Black, varied with blue; head black, in front and an occipital
point each side blue; posterior margin of the prothorax sub-
excised each side; dorsum of the thorax black, each side with a
broad blue stripe; sides blue; feet pale blue, femora exteriorly,
tibie interiorly and tarsi almost entirely black; abdomen black,
the sides blue; segment 1 blue, with a quadrangular, basal, black
spot; 2 blue, with an apical, pyriform, black spot; 3 blue, with a
large, apical, reversed hastiform, black.spot; the apical half of 7,
the whole of 8 and 9, and 10 with a large ovate spot each side
blue; margin of the tenth segment subexcised ; appendages black,
superior ones long, straight, cylindrical, the apex subincurved,
with a basal process beneath, which is large, laminated ; the infe-
rior appendages are short, trigonal, the apex acute, curved in-
wards; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, rhomboidal, black ;
twelve postcubital cross-nervules. (¢.)

Length 35—30 millim. Alar expanse 40—36 millim.

Hab. New York; Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex); Chieago
(Osten Sacken).

47. A. fumipenne!

Agrion fumipenne Burm.! Handb. I, 819, 7.—Argia obscura Rambur,
Neuropt. 256, 3.

Fusco-aeneous; head in front, and an occipital spot each side
blue(?); posterior margin of the prothorax rounded, each side sub-
truncated; dorsum of the thorax blue(?), a narrow, fusco-aeneons
stripe upon the middle; sides blue(?) above fusco-aeneous, a black

“ | }

98 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

line in the middle; femora within and tibize without pale; abdo-
men fusco-aeneous, margin of the tenth segment excised, beneath
bituberculated; superior appendages short, obtuse, arcuated, infe-
rior ones broader, the apex sub-bifid; or (2) fuscous, the apex of
the segments black, a blue(?) annulus at their base; no ventral
spine; wings fuscous, pterostigma rhomboidal, fuscous; sixteen
postcubital cross-nervules.

Length 36 millim. Alar expanse 388—45 millim.

Hiab. Kentucky; Florida (Osten Sacken).

Kirby, Fauna Bor. Amer. p. 252, describes Agrion puella Linn.
as having been taken in North America, lat. 65°; perhaps it is
another species which is inextricable. The varieties captured,
which he describes, are :—

Var. B. Sea-green; dorsum of the thorax black, with a green
stripe each side; abdomen black, the base green, inscribed with
black; feet black, beneath pale green; the pterostigma black, en-
vironed with pale. (Certainly a female.)

Var. C. Dorsum of the thorax black, each side with a whitish
stripe; feet black; pterostigma black. (Krom the description of
Kirby. )

Tribe TI. AESCHNINA.

Wings unequal; triangles of all the wings of the same form ;
genital organs of the male having the anterior hamule connate;
the penis and vesicle conjoined; genital organs of the female vagi-
nated or exposed. |

Sub-Fam. II]. GOMPHINA.

Kyes distant or sub-distant; head transverse; wings unequal,
the posterior ones broader; the triangle short; genital organs of
the female exposed.

Dwision f. Labium entire.
GOMPHUS Leacu.
Triangles of all the wings with no transverse veins.

Subgenus Erpetogomphus Setys.

The abdomen blackish, with broad, hastiform, dorsal yellow
spots; the feet short; penis with no tooth beneath.

GOMPHUS. 99

1. G. compositus!

Erpetogomphus compositus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 400, 16 bis; pl. xx, fig.

2. Selys, Addit. Synops. 10, 21.

. Pale yellow; head pale, between the eyes black; thorax pale,
dorsum with two broad, approximated stripes, and another exter-
nal one each side, a little incurved, black; the sides bright yellow,
each side with oblique, black lines; the space between the second
and third line pale; feet yellow, having a black line exteriorly, the
tarsi black; abdomen black, the second segment at sides, and a
dorsal, elongated spot, segments 3 to 7 with a large, hastiform
spot, the eighth each side of base, and the following ones entirely,
pale yellow, appendages yellow; vulvar scale short, divided; wings
hyaline, subflavescent at base, pterostigma large, black. Female.
Thirteen antecubital cross-nervules. 8—9 postcubital cross-nerv-
ules. |

Length 46 millim. Alar expanse 62 millim. Pterostigma 32
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

2. G. designatus !

Erpetogomphus designatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 401,16 ter; pl. xx, fig. 1.
Selys, Addit. Synops. 10, 26 bis.

Yellow; head pale yellow; thorax yellow, the dorsum with two
subcontiguous stripes, which are broader in front, and another
shorter, oblique one each side, fuscous; the sides pale, with three
very narrow fuscous lines, the middle one interrupted; feet yellow,
femora and tibiz with an external streak, and the tarsi entirely
black; abdomen cylindrical, slender, the dorsum blackish-fuscous,
segments 2 to 7 with a large, dorsal, hastiform yellow spot; in the
females the sides are interrupted with pale; the males have the
four last segments subdilated, yellow, obsoletely varied with fus-
cous; the superior appendages contiguous, straight, the apical half
narrowed, acute, the inferior one narrow, bifid, hardly shorter than
the superiors, the apex recurved, obtuse; vulvar lamina with a
small triangle each side; wings hyaline, their extreme bases flaves-
cent, pterostigma large, dilated, black; thirteen antecubitals; 8—
10 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets. |

Length 49—51 millim. Alar expanse 66—68 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3} millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

100 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. G. boa. :
Erpetogomphus boa Selys! Addit. Synops. 11, 21 quart.

Yellow; head yellow; thorax yellow, varied with obscure fus-
cous; femora yellow, externally with a fuscous fascia, tibie fus-
cous, or yellow, with the outside black, the four anterior tarsi
brownish-black ; abdomen yellowish; superior appendages inflated
at base, an obtuse tooth above; their apex curved inwards, obtuse,
villous; the inferior one bifid, shorter; the vulvar lamina excised ;
wings hyaline; pterostigma pale fuscous. (From the description
of De Selys Longchamps.) Male.

Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 69—72 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico. |

4, G. cophias!

Erpetogomphus cophias Selys! Monog. Gomph. 72, 17; pl. iv, fig. 6.

Selys, Addit. Synops. 11, 21 quint.

Yellow; head yellow, between the ocelli fuscous; thorax yellow,
dorsum having an obsolete, humeral, rufous stripe; abdomen yel-
low, segments 4—9 each side blackish-fuscous; segment 10 with
two basal, black spots; femora yellow, with a black fascia exter-
nally, tibize and tarsi black; superior appendages inflated at base,
with a basal tooth beneath; at the apex they are obtuse; the infe-
rior one bifid, shorter; wings hyaline, pterostigma pale fuscous;
vulvar lamina short, each side orbicular.

Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. ~Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab, Mexico; Trojes del Oro (Saussure).

5. G. elaps!
Erpetogomphus elaps Selys! Monog. Gomph. 70, 16; pl. iv, fig. 4. Selys,
Addit. Synops. 12, 21 sext.

Yellow; head yellow, between the ocelli fuscous; thorax yellow,
dorsum each side with an obsolete, humeral, rufous vestige ; femora
yellow, externally with a black fascia, tibicee and tarsi black; abdo-
men slender, yellowish, before the apex dilated, the second segment
each side, lineated with black, and with a trilobed, dorsal, yellow
spot; segments 3—6 blackish, with a yellow, basal ring, or yellow
with an apical black ring (teneral), segment 7 yellow, or sometimes
fuscous behind, segments 8—10 fuscous, obscurely varied with
black ; superior appendages contiguous, not inflated at base, the

GOMPHUS. 101

apex obtuse, subincurved ; the inferior one bifid, one-half shorter
than the superior; wings hyaline, pterostigma fuscous or fulvous.
Male.

Twelve antecubitals ; 8—9 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 41 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim. fPterostigma 3
millim.

flab, Atlihuazan, Mexico (Saussure).

6. G. crotalinus!
Erpetogomphus crotalinus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 72, 18; pl. iv, fig. 5.
Selys, Synops. 21, 21.—Ophiogomphus menetriesit Selys! Synops. 20,
20.

Greenish-yellow; head and thorax greenish-yellow; feet yellow,
exteriorly lineated with black, tarsi black; abdomen slender, be-
fore the apex dilated, greenish-yellow, with a black stripe each
side; superior appendages straight, contiguous, inflated at base,
the apex acute; the inferior one bifid, the apex incurved, acute ;
vulvar lamina excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow, sur-
rounded by black nervures.

Eleven antecubitals; 8—9 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 45—49 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma
» 8+ millim.

flab. Mexico; Brazil.

G. menetriest, from Brazil, very likely, does not differ from this
species; but the typical specimen being destroyed, other speci-
mens are to be observed.

Subgenus Ophiogomphus Setys.

7. G. colubrinus !
Ophiogomphus colubrinus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 76, 19; pl. v, fig. 1.
Selys, Synops. 21, 22.

Greenish-yellow ; head yellow, in front with four black lines,
labium black in the middle; thorax greenish-yellow, a middle
stripe, and another each side, lateral, narrow, fuscous; sides, each
with three narrow black lines; feet yellow, the posterior femora
exteriorly fuscous, tibie black with an external yellow line; abdo-
men cylindrical, before the apex dilated, the dorsum black, seg-
ments '3—7 with a basal yellow stripe, the rest with a yellow spot;
superior appendages yellow, short, trigonal, subincurved ; the in-

102 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

- ferior one broad, bifid, hardly shorter; wings hyaline, pterostigma
pale fuscous. Male.

Fourteen antecubitals ; 11—12 postcubitals; two discoidal are-
olets.

Length 50 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Hudson’s Bay.

This species is very much like G. serpentinus Charp., of Hurope.

Subgenus Gomphus.

8. G. spinosus!
Gomphus spinosus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 120, 35; pl. vii, fig. 2. Selys,
Synops. 40, 51.

Fuscous, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with a black band
before the eyes; dorsum of the thorax fuscous, a medial stripe
dilated in front, and a subcontiguous streak each side, yellow; sides
yellowish; feet black, the anterior femora beneath yellowish; pos-
terior femora extremely long, spinous; abdomen long, yellow, a
broad, brownish-black stripe upon each side; superior appendages
divaricated, trigonal, the apex acute, recurved, upon the under
side on the middle, a blunt tooth; the inferior one broad, forked ;
the vulvar lamina narrow, bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma large,
yellow; 13—14 antecubitals; eleven postcubitals; two discoidal
areolets.

Length 54—61 millim. Alar expanse 76—80 millim. Ptero-
stigma 4 millim.

Hab. Georgia.

9. G. armatus.
Gomphus armatus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 122, 36. Selys, Synops. 40, 52.

Fuscous, spotted with yellow; head yellow, front with a trans-
verse black line inferiorly ; thorax fuscous, a middle stripe, dilated
in front, and a humeral and antehumeral streak, yellow; sides yel-
low, with two fuscous stripes; feet black, anterior femora yellowish
beneath; posterior femora extremely long, spinous; abdomen long,
the apex very much dilated, yellow, a broad brownish-black stripe
each side; appendages like those of G. spinosus, pale fuscous ;
wings hyaline; pterostigma large, yellow. Male.

Fifteen antecubitals ; ten postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

GOMPHUS, 103

Length 54 millim. Alar expanse 76 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.
Hab. North America (British Museum).

10. G. spoliatus!

Gomphus spoliatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 409, 36 bis; pl. xxi, fig. 1. Se-

lys, Addit. Synops. 17, 32 bis.

Yellow, spotted with fuscous; head yellow; thorax yellow, dor-
sum with two medial, contiguous, anteriorly broadened stripes, and
two oblique ones each side, fuscous; sides yellow, with fuscous,
oblique lines each side; feet black, the anterior and posterior pairs
of femora yellowish beneath; the posterior femora extremely long,
spinous; abdomen long, slender, the apex very much dilated, yel-
low, the second segment each side, with a large angular spot, seg-
ments 83—6 each side, with a point and™apical triangular spot,
black; appendages like those of G. spinosus, yellow; wings hya-
line, pterostigma large, yellow. Male.

13—14 antecubitals; 8—10 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 60 millim. Alar expanse 74 millim. Pterostigma 33
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

Is this not the teneral stage of G. armatus?

ll. G. dilatatus!
Gomphus dilatatus Ramb.! Neuropt. 155,2. Selys! Monogr. Gomph. 123,
37; pl. vii, fig. 3. Selys, Synops. 28, 31.

Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with two stripes in
front and a third before the eyes, black; dorsum of the thorax
black, with two yellow stripes each side; sides yellow, each side
with two oblique black streaks; feet black, anterior femora beneath
yellowish; the posterior femora longer; abdomen slender, long,
the apex strongly dilated, excavated, black, segments 1—7 with a
dorsal middle fascia, segments 1—3 each side with a lateral fascia
and segment 9 at the sides, yellow; appendages black, superior
ones short, cylindrical, incurved, the apex beneath, obliquely trunc-
ated, acute; the inferior one broad, bifid; wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma moderate, black; the membranule broader, cinereous ;
vulvar lamina long, excised, bifurcated; thirteen antecubitals ;
fourteen postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

104 ° NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length 65—72 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim. Pterostigma
33—4 millim.
Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

12. G. externus!

Gomphus externus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 411, 37 bis; pl. xxi, fig. 2. Se-

lys, Addit. Synops. 14, 31 bis.

Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow, a narrow black band
before the eyes; thorax yellow, dorsum with a-straight middle _
stripe, and two each side, incurved, black; sides yellow, each side
with two oblique black stripes; feet black, anterior femora upon
the base beneath, yellowish, tibize at the base exteriorly, yellow ;
abdomen long, the apex dilated; yellow, each side with a broad
black stripe, which is conjoined upon. the dorsum at the apex of
the segments ; appenda”, fuscous, superior ones short, trigonal,
acute; the inferior one broader, bifurcated; vulvar lamina narrow,
the apex bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, fuscous; 11—
12 antecubitals ; 9—10 posteubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 52 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

flab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

13. G. adelphus.

Gomphus adelphus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 413, 38 bis. Selys, Addit. Sy-
nops. 15, 34 ter. ae

Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow, in front with two con-
fluent black bands; thorax yellow, dorsum each side, with three
black stripes, the intermediate ones contiguous; feet black; apex
of the abdomen dilated, dorsum black, segments 1—7 with a macu-
lose, median, yellow stripe; appendages black, superior ones
incurved at the apex, acute; wings hyaline, pterostigma small,
fuscous. Male. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps. )

Length 48 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. New York (Asa Fitch).

14. G. fraternus!
Eschna fraterna Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 16, 9.—Gomphus jra-
ternus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 125, 138; pl. vii, fig. 4. Selys, Sy-

nops. 28, 32.

Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow, thorax yellow, dorsum

GOMPHUS. 105

with a stripe upon the middle, and one each side, laterally, broad,
black, divided with yellow; feet black, the anterior and posterior
femora partly yellowish; abdomen dilated at the apex, black, a
dorsal line broader at the base, yellow, at the apex wanting ; a
basal, lateral yellow stripe, and the eighth and ninth segments, each
side, yellow; appendages black; vulvar lamina narrow, two-parted ;
wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; twelve antecubitals; 10—11
postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

Length 48 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. New York (Schaum); Virginia (Osten Sacken).

15. G. villosipes !

Gomphus villosipes Selys ! Synops. 34, 41.— Gomphus pallidus Selys! Mo-

nog. Gomph. 145, 47; pl. viii, fig. 6. (partly.)

Greenish-yellow, spotted with black; head yellowish, with a
black stripe in front; thorax greenish-yellow, dorsum with a stripe
upon the middle, and a lateral, broad one, each side, divided with
yellow, black; sides with an interrupted, black line; feet black,
anterior femora beneath yellowish, tibiee with an external yellow
line; apex of the abdomen a little dilated, dorsum of the abdomen
black, with a maculose, yellow stripe upon the middle; segments
8 and 9 black, 10 yellow; appendages yellowish, black at apex,
the superior ones divaricated, deplanated, the apex acute and
curved inwards ; the inferior one broadly forked, the apex recurved ;
wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow. Male.

Kleven antecubitals; ten postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 59 millim. Pterostigma 34
millim.

Hab. North America (Vienna Museum).

16. G. pallidus !
Gomphus pallidus Ramb.! Neuropt. 163,12. Selys! Monog. Gomph. 145,
47; pl. viii, fig. 6 (Partly). Selys! Synops. 33, 40.

Testaceous; head pale; thorax villous, olivaceous, dorsum each
side, with an obsolete rufous line; feet testaceous, femora above
and tibie beneath blackish-brown; abdomen long, the ninth seg-
ment longer than the others; apex hardly dilated, testaceous, each
side with a broader subfuscous stripe, which is wanting at the

106 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

apex; appendages pale; vulvar lamina triangular, the apex bifid;
wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, longer, yellow. Female.
Twelve antecubitals; ten postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.
Length 58 millim. Alar expanse 76 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim. | :
Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

17. G. pilipes !
Gomphus pilipes Selys! Monog. Gomph. 148, 48; pl. viii, fig. 7. Selys!
Addit. Synops. 15, 40 bis.

Testaceous; head pale; thorax villous, olivaceous, dorsum each
side, with an obsolete fuscous line; feet testaceous, femora villous,
above, and tibie beneath, blackish-brown; abdomen long, the
ninth segment longer than the others, the apex hardly dilated ;
testaceous, the middle segments at the apex, and the basal seg-
ments each side, with an obsolete fuscous fascia; appendages pale,
the superior ones trigonal, the apex acute, curved inwards; the
inferior ones broadly bifurcated; vulvar lamina oblong, bifid at
the apex; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, yellow; twelve an-
tecubitals ; eleven postcubitals; 3 discoidal areolets.

Length 53 millim. Alar expanse 68 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

flab. New Orleans; Georgia.

18. G. lividus!

Gomphus lividus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 150, 49; pl. ix, fig. 1. Selys !

Synops. 34, 42.— Gomphus sordidus Hag.! Selys, Synops. 35, 43.

Olivaceous, spotted with fuscous; head pale yellow; thorax oli-
vaceous, the dorsum with a stripe upon the middle, each side a
broad, fuscous one, divided with olive; the sides with two broad,
fuscous lines; feet testaceous, tibize beneath and the tarsi, black ;
abdomen equal, the base dilated, fuscous, a dorsal, medial, yellow
line, interrupted upon the segments, and absent from the apex;
appendages fuscous, the superior ones trigonal, narrower at the
apex, acute, somewhat dilated in the middle; the inferior one
broadly bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, yellow; twelve
antecubitals; twelve postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

Length 51 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. §. Carolina (Zimmerman); Washington (Osten Sacken).

GOMPHUS. 107%

A male from Washington has the appendages a little different ;
the specimen, however, is a very freshly excluded one; perhaps it
belongs to this same species.

19. G. spicatus!
Gomphus spicatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 153, 50, and 415, 50; pl. ix, fig.
2. Selys! Synops. 35, 44.

Fuscous, spotted with luteous; head pale yellow; thorax clothed
with fuscous hairs, dorsum with a stripe each side and the sides
with two stripes, luteous; femora luteous, above fuscous; tibize
blackish-fuscous, exteriorly yellowish, tarsi black; abdomen equal,
inflated at base, fuscous, the dorsum with an interrupted, yellow
line, the base each side with a yellow stripe; appendages fuscous,
the superior ones trigonal, acute at the apex, with an external,
basal tooth; the inferior one broader, divaricated, broadly bifid ;
the vulvar lamina triangular, bifid, subdivaricated ; wings hyaline,
pterostigma yellow; twelve antecubitals; ten postcubitals; two
discoidal areolets.

Length 49 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. New York (Schaum); Canada.

20. G. militaris !

Gomphus militaris Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 416, 51 bis; pl. xxi, fig. 3.
Selys! Addit. Synops. 16, 44 bis.

Yellow, spotted with blackish-brown; head pale yellow; thorax
yellow, dorsum each side with a lateral stripe, which is broad,
blackish-fuscous, divided with yellow; the sides with two brown-
ish-black lines; feet yellowish, the femora bilineated with black,
the tibize within, and the tarsi black; abdomen slender, yellow,
dilated at the apex, an interrupted brownish-black line each side,
which is absent at the apex; appendages yellow, the superior ones
trigonal, the apex curved inwards, acute, with an external obtuser
tooth; the inferior appendage broadly bifid; vulvar lamina ex-
tremely short, excised ; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow ; 12—14
antecubitals; eleven postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 47—50 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma
4 millim,

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

108 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. |

21. G. intricatus!
Gomphus intricatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 418, 51 ter; pl. xxi, fig. 3.
Selys! Addit. Synops. 16, 44 ter.

Yellow, spotted with brownish-black ; head pale yellow; thorax
yellow, dorsum with a medial fascia, divided with yellow, each side
an incurved fascia, and a. humeral one, brownish-black; femora
yellow, with a fuscous stripe above, tibise black, exteriorly yellow,
tarsi black; abdomen slender, broader at the apex; yellow, each
side with an interrupted, fuscous stripe, which is absent at the
apex; appendages yellow, the superior ones divaricated, the apex,
outwardly, truncated, acute, the inferior appendage broadly bifid ;
wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow. Male.

Twelve antecubitals ; eight postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

Length 45 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

ffab, Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

22. G. minutus!
Gomphus minutus Ramb.! Neuropt. 161, 9. Selys! Monog. Gomph. 155,
51; pl. ix, fig. 3. Selys! Synops. 36, 45.

Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow; thorax yellow, dor-
sum with a medial fascia, and a broad lateral one each side, black,
divided with yellow, the sides with two, almost contiguous, oblique,
black stripes; feet yellow, femora exteriorly, the tibiz interiorly
and the tarsi, black; the abdomen somewhat broader at the apex,
yellow, each side with a broad black stripe ; appendages yellowish,
fuscous at the apex, the superior ones trigonal, with a long, basal
tooth beneath; the inferior one broadly bifid; vulvar lamina very
short, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; twelve ante-
cubitals ; eleven postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

Length 49 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

23. G. exilis !
Gomphus exilis Selys! Monog. Gomph. 156, 52. Selys! Synops. 36, 46.

Yellow, marked with blackish-fuscous; head yellow; thorax
yellow, dorsum with a broad middle stripe and each side of it a
broad lateral one, each divided with yellow, fuscous; sides yellow,
with a broad, oblique, fuscous fascia; feet yellow, femora exte-

GOMPHUS. 109

riorly, tibie interiorly, and the tarsi, brownish-black ; abdomen
with the apex a little dilated, the dorsum blackish-fuscous, with a
medial yellow stripe; appendages yellow, superior ones trigonal,
dilated and toothed beneath; the inferior one broadly bifid; vulvar
lamina oval, short, bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow; nine
antecubitals ; eight postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 42 millim. Alar expanse 50 millim. Pterostigma 23
millim.

Hab. Maryland (Uhler); Massachusetts (Scudder).

24. G. parvulus.

Gomphus parvulus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 157, 53; pl. xxii, fig. 1. Se-

lys! Synops. 37, 47.

_ Black; head black, a fascia in front, and two spots, yellow;
thorax black, dorsum each side, with a small, yellow line; sides
yellow, with two contiguous stripes and a third posteriorly, black;
feet black; abdomen equal, black, the dorsum with a basal, ma-
culose, yellow stripe; appendages fuscous, superior ones nearly
straight, cylindrical, the apex narrower, acute, beneath with a
basal tooth; the inferior one-half shorter, broadly bifid; wings

hyaline, pterostigma blackish-fuscous. (Male.)
_ Thirteen antecubitals ; eleven postcubitals ; two discoidal areo-
lets.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (British Museum).

25. G. plagiatus.
Gomphus plagiatus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 159, 54. Selys! Synops. 38, 48.

Yellow, spotted with black ; head yellow; dorsum of the thorax
black, each side with a yellow stripe; sides yellow, with two black
lines; femora yellow, the basal half exteriorly black, tibie and
tarsi black; abdomen long, the apex subdilated, luteous ; segments
7—9 yellow, with a red apex; appendages yellow, like those of
G. villosipes; wings hyaline, pterostigma yellow. (From the de-
scription of De Selys Longchamps. )

Fourteen antecubitals; eight postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 54 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim. Pterostigma ?
millim.

Hab. North America (British Museum).

110 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

26. G. notatus.

Gomphus notatus Ramb.! Neuropt. 162,10. Selys! Monog. Gomph. 159,
55. Selys! Synops. 38, 49.—Gomphus elongatus Selys! Synops. 39,
50 (9). |

Greenish-yellow, spotted with fuscous; head yellowish; dorsum
of the thorax fuscous, each side with narrow green stripes ; sides
greenish-yellow, with two fuscous stripes; feet yellow, femora
above, fuscous, tibiee and tarsi, black; abdomen long, cylindrical,
fuscous ; vulvar lamina short; wings hyaline, pterostigma long, -
rufous. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps.)

13—15 antecubitals; eleven postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 64 millim. Alar expanse 68—78 millim. Pterostigma
5 millim.

Hab. North America (British Museum).

Subgenus Neogomphus SEtys.

27. G. specularis!
Neogomphus? specularis Hag.! Selys, Addit. Synops. 18, 64 bis.

Yellow, spotted with black; head yellow in front, above black,
in the middle yellow; thorax yellow, dorsum each side, with a
broad, black stripe; sides yellow; feet black; abdomen equal,
black, the dorsum with a narrow yellow stripe, which is almost
absent upon the apex, segments 8 and 9 with a yellow spot each
side; appendages yellow; vulvar lamina large, bifid, bi-ovate ;
wings hyaline, pterostigma black. Female.

10—11 antecubitals; 10—11 posteubitals; two discoidal areo-
lets. |

Length 45 millim. Alar expanse 58 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Ft. Tejon, California (John Xantus).

PROGOMPHUS 5= ys.
Triangles with transverse veins; the superior side longer than
the interior one; the feet short.

l. P. obscurus!

Diastatomma obscurum Ramb.! Neuropt. 170, 5.—Progomphus obscurus Se-
lys! Monog. Gomph. 201, 70. Selys! Synops. 53, 69.

Fuscous, spotted with yellow; head yellow, fuscous above; dor-

GOMPHOIDES. tia

sum of the thorax fusco-rufous, each side with a yellow stripe;
sides fuscous, with three yellow stripes; feet fusco-rufous, femora
luteous beneath, tibize within and the tarsi black; abdomen ?

; wings hyaline, with a fulvous, narrow, basal spot, ptero-
stigma large, rufo-fuscous. (From the description of De Selys
Longchamps. )

15—16 antecubitals; 9—11 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 53 ? millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hab. North America (Vienna Museum; collection of De Selys
Longchamps).

2. P. zonatus !
Progomphus zonatus Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 203, 71; pl. xi, fig. 3. Selys!
Synops. 53, 70.

Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow in front, above black ;
thorax black, dorsum each side with two stripes, and sides with
three broader stripes, yellow; feet black; abdomen long, cylindri-
cal, the base subinflated, black, the dorsum with a basal yellow
line, the base of segment 7 yellow; appendages yellow ; vulvar
lamina very short, emarginated ; wings fumose, pterostigma large,
black. Female.

17—18 antecubitals ; 9—11 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 52 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hab, Mexico (collection of Dr. Hagen).

GOMPHOIDES SEtys.

Triangles with transverse veins; the superior side shorter than
the others; feet short.

1. G. stigmata!
Aischna stigmata? Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 17, 10.—Progomphus
stigmatus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 205, 72. Selys, Synops. 53, 71.—
Gomphoides stigmata Hag.! Monog. Gomph. 423, 72; pl. xxi, fig. 5.

Yellow, marked with black; head yellow, above fuscous, the
vertex yellow; thorax yellow, dorsum with a stripe in the middle,
two each side, and sides with two oblique stripes, black; feet black,
femora yellow, bilineated with black at the apex ; abdomen slender,
inflated at the base, the apex dilated, yellow, segments 2 to 7 each

112 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

side with a black apical fascia, which meet at the tip; segments 8
and 9 fuscous in the middle; appendages yellow, superior ones
cylindrical, incurved at the apex, and with an ante-apical tooth
above; the inferior appendage short, orbicular, bifid; vulvar la-
mina short, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma large, black;
17—19 antecubitals ; 10—12 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.
Length 65 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim. |

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

2. G. suasa.
Gomphoides suasa Selys, Addit. Synops. 19, 72 bis.

Fusco-olivaceous ; thorax fusco-olivaceous, a dorsal stripe each
side, another humeral, and the sides with three bands, yellowish; —
feet grayish-fuscous, femora paler; abdomen fusco-olivaceous, an
interrupted dorsal line, spots at the sides (those of the seventh
segment, larger) yellow; the eighth and ninth segments not dilated ;
appendages pale; wings hyaline, pterostigma fuscous. 9. (From
the description of De Selys Longchamps. )

antecubitals ; postcubitals ; discoidal areolets.

Length 58 millim. Alar expanse 86 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim. |

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé).

3. G. perfida !
Gomphoides perfida Hagen.

Black, spotted with luteous; head luteo-fuscous; thorax luteous,
dorsum with a middle fascia, and each side a lateral one, broad,
black, divided with luteous ; sides black, with three oblique, luteous
stripes; feet black, base of the femora luteo-fuscous; abdomen
slender, the base broader (the apex destroyed); black, the dorsum
of the first and second segments, and sides, obsoletely luteous ;
wings fumose, pterostigma large, black. (Male.)

23—24 antecubitals; fifteen postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

Length 60? millim. Alar expanse 82 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hab. Tampico, Mexico (Saussure).

GOMPHOIDES. 113

4. G. elongata.

Cyclophylla elongata Selys! Monog. Gomph. 224, 84; pl. xii, fig. 5.
Selys! Addit. Synops. 20, 79 ter.

Black, spotted with olive; head olivaceous in front, labrum mar-
gined with black, and with a black fascia upon the middle; thorax
black, dorsum each side with two narrow stripes, and each side
with three stripes, olivaceous; feet black, anterior femora pale be-
neath; abdomen long, slender, black, the base and apex inflated,
segments 3—7 with a basal, hastiform, yellow spot; appendages
brownish-black, subcylindrical, forcipated, the apex subexcised,
the inferior appendage scarcely apparent; wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma large, rufo-fuscous. ¢. Sixteen antecubitals; ten postcu-
bitals; two discoidal areolets. (From the description of De Selys
Longchamps.)

Length 62 millim.: Alar expanse 72 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hab. Mexico (Paris Museum).

5. G. protracta!
Cyclophylla protracta Hagen! Selys, Addit. Synops. 20, 79 ter.

Blackish-fuscous, spotted with yellow; head luteous; thorax
blackish-fuscous, dorsum with two stripes, and the sides with three
oblique ones, yellow; feet brownish-black, femora luteous; abdo-
men long, slender, inflated at base, fuscous or luteous, membranously
dilated at the apex, dorsum with an. interrupted, yellow line, the
sides luteous; appendages fuscous, subcylindrical, forcipated, sub-
excised at the apex, the inferior appendage absent; vulvar lamina
very short, excised; wings hyaline, pterostigma large, yellow.
Twenty-one antecubitals; ten postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 62 millim. Alar expanse 79 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hab. Matamoras, Mexico.

6. G. producta!
Aphylla producta Selys! Monog. Gomph. 230, 83; pl. xii, fig. 6.
Selys! Synops. 60, 81. Aphylla caraiba Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba,
456.
Brownish-black, spotted with yellow; head yellow, banded trans-
versely with fuscous; thorax brownish-black, dorsum each side with
8

114 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

two stripes, conjoined at the wings, the external one narrower, and
the sides with three oblique ones, the middle one incomplete, yel-
low or green; feet black, femora rufous, obscurer at the apex;
abdomen long, slender, the base inflated, the apex somewhat
broader, brownish-black, the base with a yellow, dorsal line ;
appendages black, subcylindrical, forcipated, obtuse at the apex,
the inferior one almost absent; ventral lamina narrow, bifid; wings
hyaline, the pterostigma large, yellow. 19—23 antecubitals; 11
—15 postcubitals; 2 discoidal areolets.

Length 59—65 millim. Alar expanse 76—84 millim. Ptero-
stigma 5 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey); British Guiana (Schomburgk); Bahia,
Brazil.

7. G. tenuis!
Aphylla tenuis Hagen! Selys, Addit. Synops. 21, 80 bis.

Luteous; head luteo-fuscous; dorsum of the thorax fuscous,
sides luteous; feet black, femora luteous; abdomen long, slender,
equal, subinflated at base, luteo-fuscous, the segments obscurer at
their apex; appendages fuscous, subcylindrical, forcipated, the
apex acuter; the inferior appendage absent; wings hyaline, ptero-
stigma large, luteous. Male. 19—22 antecubitals; 12—13 post-
cubitals; 2 discoidal areolets.

Length 50 millim. Alar expanse 67 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

fab. Choco, New Grenada (Schott).

The specimen is teneral, the colors wae perfected, preserved
in spirits. :

HAGENIUS SEtys.

Triangles with transverse veins; the superior side longer than
the interior ; feet very long.

l. H. brevistylus |!
Hagenius brevistylus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 241, 86; pl. xiii, fig. 2.
Selys! Synops. 63, 84.
Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow in front, a black fascia
before the eyes, above black; thorax black, dorsum each side with

CORDULEGASTER. 115

a stripe and line, and the sides with two broad oblique stripes, a
line between them, yellow; feet very long, black; abdomen long,
cylindrical, the dorsum black, with a stripe upon the middle, and
each side a ventral one, yellow; appendages short, yellow, the
superior ones stout, incurved at apex, bidentated beneath, the
inferior appendage quadrangular, broad, incurved at the apex;
wings subfumose, pterostigma long, brownish-black. 16—19 ante-
cubitals; 13—14 postcubitals; 2 discoidal areolets.

Length 73—78 millim. Alar expanse 104—114 millim. Ptero-
stigma 6 millim.

Hab. New York (Dr. Asa Fitch); Wisconsin (Kennicott) ;
Columbia.

Division IT. Uabium bifid.

CORDULEGASTER Leacu.

Hyes subcontiguous.

lL. C. sayi.

Cordulegaster say: Selys! Monog. Gomph. 331,109. Selys! Synops. 85,
106.

Black, spotted with yellow; head yellow, rhinarium black; tho-
raxyblack, dorsum with two stripes, sides each with two stripes and
an intermediate line, yellow; feet black; abdomen long, black,
annulated with yellow; appendages of the male black, superior
ones trigonal, divaricated, with a basal tooth beneath, the inferior
appendage quadrangular; appendages of the female yellow; vulvar
lamina elongated, bifid; wings hyaline, pterostigma long, yellow;
membranule whitish. 18 antecubitals; 11 postcubitals; 2 disc-
oidal areolets.

Length 60 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim. Pterostigma 44
millim. oo

Hab. Georgia (British Museum).

It is similar to C. annulatus Charp., of Europe.

2. C. maculatus!

Cordulegaster maculatus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 337, 111. Selys! Synops.
86, 108. Aeschna obliqua Say, var. A? Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII.
16, 8.

Brownish-black, hairy, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with

116 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

a fuscous band in front; thorax brownish-black, dorsum each side
with a cuneiform stripe, sides with two oblique’ stripes, yellow; feet
black, femora fuscous, the apex black; abdomen long, brownish-
black, segments 2—6 with a dorsal, yellow spot each side; vulvar
lamina. long, bifid, yellow, fuscous at the apex; wings hyaline,
pterostigma yellow, membranule white. Female. 21 antecubitals;
' 15 posteubitals; 2 discoidal areolets.

Length 75 millim. Alar expanse 93 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Georgia; ‘Miia (Uhler); Connecticut (Norton).

3. C. dorsalis!

Cordulegaster dorsalis Hagen! Monog. Gomph. 347,115. Selys! Addit.
Synops. 28, 113 bis.

Fuscous, spotted with yellow; head yellow, with a fuscous band
in front; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a stripe, sides with
two oblique ones, yellow; feet blackish-fuscous, femora luteous;
abdomen long, fuscous, segments 2—9 with a dorsal, bifid, yellow
spot; vulvar lamina long, bifid, luteous; wings hyaline, the
base subfulvous, pterostigma yellow, membranule white. Female.
Highteen antecubitals; twelve postcubitals; two discoidal areo-
lets.

- Length 80 millim. Alar expanse 100 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim. ©
Hab. Sitka, Russian America.

4. C. obliquus!

4schna obliqua Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 15, 8.—Cordulegaster ob-
liquus Selys! Monog. Gomph. 549, 116; pl. xviii, fig. 5. Selys!
Synops. 89, 113.—Cordulegaster fasciatus Ramb.! Neuropt. 178, 1.

Black, spotted with greenish-yellow; head yellow, in front with
two black bands, occiput tuberculoid; thorax black, with gray
hairs, dorsum with a cuneiform stripe each side, and sides with two
oblique stripes, yellow; feet black, base of the femora fuscous;
abdomen long, equal, black, dorsum with a greenish-yellow line
upon the middle, which is dilated in the middle upon segments
58; appendages black, superior ones short, trigonal, acute, with
a basal tooth beneath; the inferior one quadrangular, the apex
tuberculated each side; vulvar lamina short, bifid, yellow, black at
the apex; wings hyaline, pterostigma long, fulvous, membranule

PETALURA—ANAX. TET

whitish. Twenty-six antecubitals; 17—20 postcubitals; two dis-
coidal areolets.

Length 83—88 millim. Alar expanse 112—124 millim. Ptero-
stigma 6 millim.

Hab. Indiana (Say); Georgia (Abbot); Connecticut (N utero

PETALURA Lzacua.

Pterostigma extremely long.

l. P. thoreyi !
Uropetala thoreyi Hagen! Monog. Gomph. 373, 122; pl. xix, fig. 3.—
Tachopteryx obscura Uhler MSS.—Tachopteryx thoreyi Selys! Addit.
Synops. 25, 116 bis.

Olivaceous, spotted with black; head pale in front, with a black
band, and above black; thorax ataee das, the sides with two’ob-
solete black stripes; feet black; abdomen long, equal, olivaceous,
dorsum of the second segment with two spots, the following ones
with a spot upon the basal middle, an apical ring, and the last seg-
ments almost altogether black; appendages black, superior ones
dolabriform, the inferior quadrangular, with a basal tooth above,
and the apex each side unguiculated; wings hyaline, pterostigma
narrow, very long, fulvous. Male. 18—20 antecubitals; 11—13
postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 78 millim. Alar expanse 100 millim. Pterostigma 9
millim., |

Hab. New York; Maryland (Uhler); Fort Towson, Red River.

Subfamily 1V. AESCHNINA.

Eyes contiguous; head globose; wings unequal, the posterior _
ones broader; triangles long; genital organs of the female vagi-
nated. *

ANAX LeaAcu.

Anal angle of the posterior wings rounded in the male; second
segment of the abdomen not auriculated; abdomen with a lateral,
interrupted carina.

118 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. A. junius! .

Libellula junia Drury, Ins. I, 112; pl. xlvii. fig. 5.—Aeschna junia Burm. !

Handb. II, 841,18. Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 10, 2. Ramb.
Neuropt. 196, 6.—Anax junius Selys! Revue Odonat. Europ. 328.
Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba, 458.—Anaz spiniferus Ramb.! Neuropt. 186,
4; pl. i. fig. 14.

Green, spotted with blue and fuscous; head yellow, above with
a black spot, and circular blue band; thorax green; feet black,
‘femora partly rufous; abdomen long, subdepressed, equal, the base _
very much inflated, narrowed beyond, the first segment and base
of the second green, the rest blue, with a dorsal, fuscous fascia,
interrupted, and in part angulose; appendages fuscous, superior
ones of the male long, straight, towards the apex somewhat broader,
with an external spine at the apex, the inferior appendage very
short, quadrangular, transverse; wings hyaline, flavescent upon
the middle, pterostigma long, yellow, narrow; membranule large,
brownish-black, with the base white; seventeen antecubitals; eight
postcubitals.

Length 68—74 millim. Alar expanse 104—110 millim. Ptero-
stigma 7 millim.

Hab. New York; Maryland; New Jersey; Kentucky ; Georgia;
Florida; Louisiana; St. Louis; 8. Carolina; Pecos River, Texas;
Matamoras, Mexico; San Francisco, California; Cuba; Oahu,
Sandwich Islands; Kamtschatka; Petcheli Bay, China.

A common and wide-spread species. Rambur erroneously gives
Kurope as its habitat.

2. A. longipes!
Anaz longipes Hagen!

Green, spotted with blue and fuscous; head yellow, above im-
maculate ; thorax green; feet extremely long, black, femora rufous,
with the apex black; abdomen long, subdepressed, equal, the base
inflated, green; surface fuscous, each side of the segments having
an apical, yellow spot, beneath yellowish, apex of the segments
fuscous; appendages short, foliaceous, fuscous; wings hyaline,
pterostigma yellow; membranule brownish black, white at the
base; nineteen antecubitals; nine postcubitals.

Length 80 millim. Alar expanse 105 millim. Pterostigma 52
millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot, Zurich Museum).

AESCHNA. 119

3. A. amazili.
Aeschna amazili Burm.! Handb. II, 841, 19, Anax maculatus Ramb.
Neuropt. 188, 7.

Green, spotted with black; head in front greenish-yellow, the
labrum margined with black ; front above, with a triangular, black
spot, bounded by yellow, each side a triangular blue spot; thorax
bright green; feet black, anterior femora luteous beneath; abdo-
men long, stout, equal, the base inflated, blue? (¢) or green (9),
segments 3 to 10 with a broad, black, dorsal fascia, narrower upon
the middle of the segments; segments 3—7, with two blue or
green spots each side, the last segments almost entirely black ; ap-
pendages black, superior ones of the male long, carinate, villose
within, the base narrow, the internal margin dilated, before the
apex excised, the apex exteriorly recurved, obliquely truncated,
acute; the inferior appendage very short, transverse, quadrangu-
lar; appendages of the female shorter, foliaceous; wings hyaline,
pterostigma short, blackish-fuscous ; membranule brownish-black,
the base white. 16—18 antecubitals; 6—8 posteubitals.

Length 70—74 millim. Alar expanse 105 millim. Ptero-
stigma 5 millim.

ffab. Guatemala (Collection of Hagen); Venezuela (Appun) ;
Pernambuco, Brazil (Veilenmann).

AEBSCHNA Fas.

Anal angle of the posterior wings of the male acute; second
segment of the abdomen auriculated.

1. 4. sitchensis!
Aeschna sitchensis Hagen !

Blackish-fuscous, spotted with blue; head ?; thorax fuscous,
sides with two oblique, obsolete, yellowish stripes; feet black,
tibize exteriorly rufous; abdomen long, slender, equal, very much
arcuated behind the inflated base; black, spotted with blue; seg-
ments 3—10 with two large, apical blue spots, 3 to 7, with two
basal blue spots, the second segment with two blue lines each
side ; appendages black, moderate, a little incurved, foliaceous, the
base narrow, within carinated, before the apex inflated, the apex
short, acute, incurved; the inferior appendage one-half shorter,

120 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

elongately-triangular, obtuse; wings hyaline, pterostigma short,
‘black; membranule black. Male. Fifteen antecubitals; nine post-
cubitals. | “

Length 58 millim. Alar expanse 78 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Russian America, Sitka (Collection of Hagen).

It is very much like Aeschna borealis Zetterstedt, found in
Northern Europe and Siberia.

2. 4a. septentrionalis !

. Aeschna septentrionalis Burm! Handb. II, 839, 11.—Aeschna minor Ramb ?
Neuropt. 207, 20.

Blackish-brown, spotted with blue; head yellow in front; front
anteriorly with a narrow, transverse line, a spot, large anteriorly,
in the shape of a T, superiorly, and the rhinarium, black; labrum
margined with black; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a
point, sides with two, narrow, maculose stripes, yellow ; feet black,
above rufous; abdomen long, stoutish, narrowed behind the in-
flated base, black, spotted with blue; sides of the segments, two
medial and two apical spots, blue; last segment of the male black,
each side blue, an elevated tooth above; appendages brownish-
black, moderate, a little incurved, foliaceous, the base narrow, a
basal obtuse tubercle beneath ; carinated inwards, before the apex
inflated, the apex obtuse; the inferior appendage one-half shorter,
elongately-triangular, obtuse ; appendages of the female moderate,
foliaceous, obtuse; wings hyaline, pterostigma fuscous, somewhat
broad; membranulé gray. 14—16 antecubitals; 11—12 posteu-
bitals.

Length 54—55 millim. Alar expanse 74 millim. Pterostigma
4 millim.

Hab. Labrador; Nova Scotia.

Does Aeschna minor Rambur differ from it? the wings with a
rufous spot at base. It is very much like Aeschna sitchensis,
Hagen.

3. 45. juncea!
Aeschna juncea Linne! Selys, Revue Odonat. Europ. 116, 3.—(With the
Synonyms. )
Fuscous, spotted with blue and yellow; head yellow, a narrow,
transverse line in front, a T spot above, broader anteriorly, and the

AESCHNA. 121

rhinarium, black ; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a narrow,
short stripe, sometimes almost wanting and the sides with two
oblique, broad stripes, yellow; feet black ; abdomen long, slender,
equal, very much narrowed behind the inflated base; brownish-
black, with blue and yellow spots, segments 3—10 with two apical
blue spots, 3—8 with two triangular spots upon the middle, yellow,
apex of the second segment blue; last segment with the males,
having an elevated, obtuse tooth above; appendages brownish-
black, superior ones of the male, long, subrect, foliaceous, the base
narrower, a carina inwardly, the base narrower, before the apex
acuter, subincurved, inflated ; the inferior appendage almost one-
half shorter, elongately-triangular, obtuse; appendages of the
female longer, foliaceous; wings hyaline, pterostigma narrow, fus-
cous; membranule brownish-cinereous, the base paler. 16 ante-
cubitals ; T—9 postcubitals.

Length 66—75 millim. Alar expanse 92—100 millim. Ptero-
stigma 4—5 millim.

Hab. Russian America; Kenai Island, Norton Sound.—Europe;
Asia; Siberia; Kamtschatka; Ural.

4. 7. multicolor!
Aeschna multicolor Hagen!

Fuscous, spotted with blue; head blue (%) or luteous (9), front
with a T spot, each side terminated with yellow, and a band before
the eyes, black; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a stripe,
(interrupted or absent in the female), sides, each side with two
oblique ones blue (¢) or yellow (¢); feet black, femora rufous
above, the apex black, anterior femora beneath, luteous; abdomen
moderate, slender, cylindrical, narrow behind the inflated base;
fuscous, spotted with blue (¢) or yellow (¢), segments 3—10
with two large, apical spots, segments 83—8 with two triangular
spots upon the middle, and a basal, divided spot each side, seg-
ment 2 with a medial, interrupted fascia; and a broad apical one,
blue or yellow; superior appendages of the male black, long, folia-
ceous, narrow, the base narrower, inwardly carinated, straight,
curved inwardly before the apex, an elevated, triangular lamina
above, and a longer tooth placed more inferiorly, the apical tip
acute, curved downwards; the inferior appendage, pale fuscous,
one half shorter, elongately triangular; appendages of the female
moderate, fuscous, foliaceous, broader; wings hyaline, those of the

122 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

female, towards the apex, subflavescent, pterostigma short, fuscous,
or luteous (?@); membranule fuscous, the base white. 16—17 ante-
cubitals; 8—9 posteubitals.

Length 65—67 millim.. Alar expanse 90—100 millim. Pte-
rostigma 3—83'millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope); Upper Mis
sourl; Mexico;. Cordova (Saussure).

5. Aa. clepsydra!
Aeschna clepsydra Say. Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 12, 4.

Fuscous, spotted with blue; head luteous, an incurved, trans-
verse line in front, a broad T spot above, terminated with blue and
yellow, black; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a cuneiform,
green stripe; each side with two broad, maculose and lacerated
stripes, and an intermediate, abbreviated one, bluish-green; feet
brownish-black, femora, tibie and the outside of the tarsi rufous;
abdomen long, slender, equal, very much attenuated behind the in-
flated base; segments 8—10 with two larger, apical spots, 3—8
with two triangular, medial ones and each side a basal, divided
one, segment 2 with a transverse, medial, interrupted fascia, and
the apex, blue; the last segment with a small, basal tooth above,
black, and blue spots confluent at the apex; appendages fuscous,
margined with black, the superior ones long, narrow, straight,
narrower at base, interiorly with a carina and clothed with hairs,
the apex obtusely truncated, a small, acute, incurved tooth at the
apex; before the apex are three teeth, superiorly at the internal
margin; the inferior appendage one-third shorter, elongately tri-
angular, acute; wings hyaline, pterostigma moderate, fuscous ;
membranule fuscous. Male. 16 antecubitals; 11 postcubitals.

Length 68 millim. Alar expanse 94 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Massachusetts (Say); Boston (Scudder); Baltimore (Uh-
ler).

6. AG. verticalis!

Aeschna verticalis Hagen!

Fuscous, spotted with green and blue; head green, with a T
spot above, and a band before the eyes, black; thorax fuscous,
dorsum each side, with a cuneiform, green stripe; each side with

AESCHNA. 123

three oblique, yellowish-green stripes; feet black, femora and tibie
above, rufous; abdomen long, slender, equal, very much narrowed
behind the inflated base, fuscous, spotted with blue; spots like
those of 4. clepsydra, but not confluent on the last segment, with
a small, basal tooth upon that segment; appendages similar to
those of 4. clepsydra, the tip of the apex acute, hardly incurved,
above, before the apex, with an elevated line, no teeth; inferior
appendage one half shorter, elongated, triangular, acuter; wings
hyaline, pterostigma small, blackish-brown; membranule brownish-
cinereous. Male. i7—20 antecubitals; 11—12 postcubitals.

Length 67 millim. Alar expanse 95 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

‘Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken); New York (Calverly).

7. 23. hudsonica!
Aeschna hudsonica Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Nova Scotia.
Similar to 4. juncea, but only known to me by name.

8. 4. constricta!
Aeschna constricta Say. Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 11, 3.

Brownish-black, spotted with green and blue; labrum yellow,
head yellowish-green in front, a black T spot above; thorax fus-
cous, dorsum each side with a stripe, which is broader at the wings,
the sides each with two oblique, green stripes; feet black, femora
and tibize above, rufous; abdomen long, equal, blackish-fuscous,
very much narrowed behind the inflated base; segments 3—10
with two, dorsal, apical, quadrangular, blue spots, 3—8 with two,
medial, triangular, yellow spots, each side with a basal, divided,
blue spot; second segment with a basal, dorsal, line, and each side
with a transverse line upon the middle, yellow; the last segment
flat above; appendages fuscous, superior ones long, subarcuated,
the apex dilated, within carinated, before the apex tuberculous and
inwards an acute, recurved tooth, extreme apex with a longer
spine, which is acute and placed inferiorly; the inferior appendage —
one-half shorter, elongately triangular, obtuse; wings hyaline,
pterostigma small, fuscous; membranule fuscous, the base white.
Male. 17—21 antecubitals; 11—15 posteubitals.

194 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length 70 millim. Alar expanse 96-—100 millim. Pterostigma
3 millim.

Hab. Indiana (Say); Maryland (Uhler); Wisconsin (Kenni-
cott); St. Louis; Pennsylvania; Connecticut (Norton).

9. 2. armata!

“Hschna armata Hagen !

Brownish-black, spotted with blue; head in front obtuse, lurid,
above with a T spot and band before the eyes, black; thorax fus- _
cous, dorsum each side, anteriorly, with a yellowish-green spot;
sides each with two oblique, yellowish stripes, of which the supe-
rior one is arcuated; femora above, in the middle, rufous; abdomen
long, equal, narrowed behind the inflated base, black; segments
3—6 with two, blue, apical spots, and two larger, triangular, yel-
low ones, upon the middle, sides blue? second segment each side,
with a line and a narrow, basal triangle, yellow, the last segments
almost immaculate, the tenth segment, in the middle, above, with
a long, compressed spine, bent backwards; appendages black, the
superior ones long, foliaceous, straight, the base inwards nar-
rowed, above carinated, the apex exteriorly obtuse, interiorly
acute; before the apex superiorly, with an elevated, oval, dentate
lamina; the inferior appendage one-half shorter, triangular, nar-
row, acute; wings subfumose, posterior ones of the female sub-
flavescent’ at base, pterostigma very small, black; membranule
fusco-cinereous, the base whitish. Twenty antecubitals; twelve
postcubitals.

Length 68 millim. Alar expanse 92 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. Trogés del Oro, Mexico (Saussure, Deppe).

I have examined a mutilated male specimen.

10. 4. mutata!
“Hischna mutata Hagen |!

Fuscous, spotted with yellowish-green; labrum luteous, black
anteriorly ; front green, above blue, with a T spot, terminated each
side with yellow, and a band before the eyes, black; thorax fus-
cous, the sides each with two yellowish stripes; feet black, base of
the femora rufous; abdomen long, equal, the base inflated, rufous,
segments 3—9 with two apical, green? spots, which are margined
within with black; segments 8—7 with two triangular, yellow,

AESCHNA. . 125

medial spots; base and sides rufous, paler; appendages fuscous,
foliaceous; wings hyaline, the base, anterior margin and middle
flavescent; pterostigma longer, narrow, bright orange; membra-
nule black, the base white. Female. Nineteen antecubitals; nine
postcubitals.

Length 70 millim. Alar expanse 98 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. North America (Vienna Museum).

ll. Ai. janata.
Aischna janata Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 13, 6.

_ Fuscous, spotted with blue and yellow; front yellow, with a
black T spot above; thorax fuscous, each side of dorsum with a blue
stripe, sides each with two oblique, yellow stripes, which are mar-
gined with black; feet yellowish, beneath black; abdomen long,
contracted behind the inflated base, fuscous, segments with a yel-
lowish band at base, an interrupted apical one, and a spot in the
middle, the last segment but little shorter than the preceding one,
carinated at base; appendages subarcuated, near the base some-
what dilated, the apex broader, pediform, obtuse; inferior ap-
pendage hardly half as long as the superior ones; wings hyaline,
extreme base fuscous, pterostigma fulvous; membranule white.
Male. (From the description of Say.)

Length 60? millim.

Hab. Massachusetts.

Similar to . constricta, but the last abdominal segment is
longer, the apex of the appendages are mutic. It is entirely un-
known to me.

12. Ai. florida!
Liischna florida Hagen !

Fuscous, spotted with green; front luteous, above green, imma-
culate, thorax fuscous, dorsum each side, with a very broad, green
stripe; sides green, with an oblique, narrow, fuscous stripe; feet
black, base of the femora rufous ; abdomen longer than the wings,
equal, the base inflated, the last segment shortest, fuscous, with a
green? dorsal, interrupted stripe, which is triangularly dilated at
the apex of the segments, a lateral green? stripe, and the ninth
segment obsoletely bimaculated; appendages shorter than the last

126 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

segment, very small, black, flat, obtuse; wings subfumose, flaves-
cent anteriorly, pterostigma narrow, fulvous; membranule fusco-
cinereous. Female. Twenty antecubitals; twelve postcubitals.

Length 78 millim. Alar expanse 102 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim. |

Hab. Mexico (Deppe).

It is most like 2% luteipennis Burm., but distinct by the front,
immaculate above, the stripes of the thorax being broader, not
well terminated.

13. Zi. dominicana.
ischna dominicana Selys’ Collection.

Hab. St. Domingo. Unknown to me; similar to @ juncea.

14. A. contorta.
LEschna contorta Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Nova Scotia. Unknown to me; similar to _& cyanea.

15. A. cyanifrons.
“ischna cyanifrons Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Jamaica. Unknown to me; similar to @. confusa.

16. 24. grandis!
“Eschna grandis Linné. Selys, Revue Odonat. Eur. 131,10 (with the
Synonymy).

Fuscous; head luteous, front with a spot above, anteriorly, fus-
cous; thorax fulvous, the sides each, with two oblique, yellow
stripes, which are bounded with fuscous; feet fulvous; abdomen
long, equal, behind the base inflated, then slightly narrowed, rufo-
fuscous, with lateral, divided, blue spots; appendages fuscous,
superior ones straight, foliaceous, carinated within, narrow at the
base, at the apex obtuse; the inferior one-half shorter, triangular,
obtuse; wings flavescent, pterostigma small, fulvous; membranule
cinereous. 20—22 antecubitals; 12 postcubitals.

Length 70 millim: Alar expanse 94 millim. Pterostigma 32
millim.

Hab. Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex); I saw a single male.
It is also common in Europe and Asia.

AESCHNA. 127

17. 2. adnexa!
Aischna adnexa Hagen!

Fuscous, spotted with green; labrum pale, fuscous anteriorly ;
front anteriorly blue, above yellowish-green, with a broader T spot,
and an ante-ocular band, black; thorax bright green, dorsum with
a divided, middle fascia, and a lateral spot, the sides with two ob-
lique streaks, all badly terminated, fuscous; feet black; abdomen
a little narrowed at base, fuscous, the second segment with a medial
and apical fascia, the third segment with a dorsal line, which is
triangularly dilated upon the middle and apex, and the sides green?
(the other segments are destroyed); wings hyaline, pterostigma
moderate; brownish-black, membranule black. Male. 19 ante-
cubitals; 10 postcubitals.

Length 60? millim. Alar expanse 87 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

Is it 4. cyanifrons Selys? I have only examined a single
mutilated specimen.

18. 45. virens!
Aeschna virens Ramb. Neuropt. 193, 3.

Green, spotted with fuscous; labrum black anteriorly ; head
green, above with a T spot, and a narrow band before the eyes
black; thorax bright green, sutures fuscous; feet black, anterior
femora beneath yellowish; abdomen long, equal, a little narrowed
behind the somewhat inflated base, green, spotted with fuscons,
first segment green posteriorly, segments 2 to 8 green, with four
fuscous, quadrangular spots, upon segments 2 to 4 they are smaller;
segment 3 has the spots linear, basal; apical segments fuscous ;
appendages black, superior ones straight, foliaceous, obtuse; the
inferior appendage one-half shorter, triangular, acute (of the female
destroyed), wings hyaline, of the female, subflavescent posteriorly,
pterostigma elongated, brownish-black; membranule brownish-
gray. 20—24 antecubitals; 12—13 postcubitals.

Length 84 millim. Alar expanse 118 millim. Pterostigma
5—6 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey) ; St. Cruz de Bolivia (Rambur) ; Venezuela.

I have examined one female from the Island of Cuba; nor am
I altogether certain, whether the male described from Venezuela

128 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

belongs here; it is extremely like it, by its few antecubitals, its
long pterostigma, its obscure membranule, and its hyaline wings.
I possess two females from Cuba (Poey), which are a little smaller;
the bases of all the wings are flavescent; in all the rest’ they agree
entirely with the description of & virens Rambur.

19. 4B. ingens!
Aeschna ingens Ramb. Neuropt. 192, 1. »

Green, spotted with fuscous; labrum black anteriorly ; head -
green, above with a T spot, and fascia before the eyes, black;
dorsum of the thorax fuscous, with a green stripe each side; sides
green, with an oblique, narrow, fuscous stripe; feet black, anterior
femora pale beneath; abdomen long, gradually narrowing poste-
riorly, that of ¢ hardly narrowed behind the base, fuscous,
marked with green, the first segment green posteriorly, the second
green, with a transverse, fuscous fascia at the apex, the following
ones fuscous, with a dorsal, interrupted line, a middle fascia, trian-
gularly dilated, an apical fascia, and the sides with a broader,
interrupted fascia, green; the last segment fuscous, with two green
spots; appendages fuscous; superior ones of the male long, folia-
ceous, straight, obtuse; the inferior one half as long, triangular,
acute, those of the female extremely long, lanceolate, the base
broader, before the apex slightly narrowed, subacute; wings hya-
line, of the female flavescent at base, pterostigma long, fulvous ;
membranule gray. 20 antecubitals; 12 postcubitals.

Length 100 millim. Alar expanse 110—120 millim. Ptero-
stigma 5 millim.

Hab. St. John’s River, near Lake Harney, Florida (Osten
Sacken; Norton); Cuba; United States (Selys).

20. 4. heros!

Aeschna heros Fab. Entom. Syst. Suppl. 285.—Ramb.! Neuropt. 194, 4.—
Aeschna multicincta Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 9, 1..

Fuscous, marked with yellowish-green ; front obscure luteous,
above fuscous, each side with a yellowish-green spot; occiput of
the female bifid; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with a stripe,
which is angulated at the wings, and the sides with two oblique
stripes, green; feet black, base of the femora subrufous; abdomen
long, stout, hardly broader at base, fuscous, the base, middle and

AESCHNA. ‘ 129

apex, of the segments, with a subinterrupted, narrow, green fascia;
appendages black, subarcuated, the base narrower, a tubercle be-
neath, the apex carinated, truncated, inner edge villose; inferior
appendage one-half the length of the superior, narrow, almost
equal, the apex obtusely truncated, sometimes almost bifid; ap-
pendages of the female broad, ovate, foliaceous; wings hyaline,
subflavescent in the middle, the apex sometimes infuscated, ptero-
stigma long, narrow, fulvous; membranule white; twenty-five an-
tecubitals; sixteen postcubitals.

Length 85—96 millim. Alar expanse 108—120 millim. Ptero-
stigma 5—6 millim.

Hab. Indiana (Say); Massachusetts (Harris); New York
(Calverly); N. Jersey (Guex); Maryland (Uhler); Tennessee
(Saussure); Waterville; Mobile; Florida, Lake Harney (Osten
Sacken) ; Louisiana (Schaum); Mexico (Rambur).

21, 4. brevifrons!
Mischna brevifrons Hagen.

Fuscous, varied with blue; head luteous in front, varied with
fuscous; front short, broad, above with a T spot in the middle, the
root of which is triangularly dilated, black, surrounded with a yel-
low margin; thorax with the dorsum luteous, a short, fuscous
streak each side; the sides blue, obscurely varied with white and
black; feet yellow, beneath, knees, and the tarsi, black; abdomen
inflated at base, nigro-fuscous, the segments with middle triangular
spots and oval apical ones, blue; segment 2 has a transverse, me-
dial, blue line, each side, bounded by black; segment 10 (¢) has
the apex rounded, blue, a small, elevated tooth at base, and a
black spot each side; superior appendages foliaceous, fuscous,
narrower at base; the inferior one luteous, broad, triangular, a
little shorter than the superiors; appendages of the female short,
foliaceous, fuscous; wings hyaline, pterostigma short, fuscous;
twelve antecubitals; ten postcubitals.

Length 67 millim. Alar expanse 91 millim. Pterostigma 24
millim.

Hab. Acapulco, Mexico; Valparaiso.

22. AS. pentacantha!
Aischna pentacantha Ramb.! Neuropt. 208, 22.

Varied rufous and green; front produced; face yellow, subex-
9

130 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

cavated, the superior margin bounded by rufous; the front blue
above, margined with yellow, the base rufo-fuscous; thorax villose,
rufo-fuscous, dorsum each side with an arcuated stripe, sides each
with two, green ones; feet black, femora partly rufous; abdomen
long, sensibly narrowing posteriorly, rufo-fuscous, spotted with
green (the markings obsolete); appendages black, superior ones
short, narrow, before the apex dilated beneath, obliquely trunca-
ted; the inferior one a little shorter, narrow, triangular, obtuse ;
those of the female very small; wings hyaline, the apex subfumose, -
pterostigma narrow, yellow; membranule whitish; nineteen ante-
cubitals ; nineteen postcubitals.

Length 73 millim. Alar expanse 102 millim. Pterostigma 34
millim. .

Hab. New Orleans (Schaum).

23. Zi. basalis.
Aischna basalis Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Canada. Unknown to me.

24. AS. quadriguttata !

ischna quadriguttata Burm.! Handb. II, 837, 22.—Selys, Revue Odonat.
Eur. 398. -dschna vinosa Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 13, 5.

Fulvous; head fulvous, above with a fuscous stripe; thorax ful-
vous, the sides, each with two bright yellow spots, which are en-
circled with fuscous ; feet luteous; abdomen long, equal, much nar-
rowed behind the inflated base, fulvous, spotted with yellow
(markings obsolete), segments with a yellow medial fascia, which
is triangularly dilated; the apex yellow, with a trifid fuscous spot;
appendages fulvous, the superior ones long, foliaceous, obtuse, the
base narrower, and beneath with a small tooth; the inferior ap-
pendage very short, triangular, broader, obtuse; wings hyaline,
with fulvous veins and a basal fulvous spot, the basal space reticu-
lated, pterostigma small, yellow; membranule small, white; 19—20
antecubitals ; nineteen postcubitals. |

Length 60—65 millim. Alar expanse 85 millim. Pterostigma
32 millim.

Hab. Pennsylvania; Carolina; Massachusetts; Washington
(Osten Sacken); Maryland (Uhler).

GYNACANTHA. 131

25. Ze. furcillata.

ischna furcillata Say, Jour. Acad..Philad. VIII, 15, 7.—Gynacantha
quadrifida Ramb.! Neuropt. 209, 1.

Varied green and fuscous; face yellowish, beneath obsoletely
spotted, above with a somewhat T-shaped mark, which is dilated
at base, black; thorax pubescent, green, dorsum rufo-fuscous, with
two green stripes each side, the superior ones being transverse, and
short; the sides with a fascia composed of three spots, black ; ab-
domen long, cylindrical, inflated at the base,and then narrowed ;
varied with black and green, the basal spots larger; superior ap-
pendages long, foliaceous, subincurved, with a basal and medial
tubercle beneath; the inferior appendage short, bifurcated, the
branches diverging ; wings hyaline, pterostigma short, broad, quad-
rangular; membranule sub-obscure. (¢. From the descriptions
of Rambur and Say.)

Size of Libellula ferruginea Ramb.; but longer. Length 55?
millim.

Hab. North America (collection of de Selys Longchamps); Mas-
sachusetts (Say).

GYNACANTHA Rams.

Wings, with the anal angle of the posteriors, in the males, acute ;
second segment of the abdomen auriculated; last segment of the
female spinous beneath.

1. Gyn. trifida!
Gynacantha trifida Ramb. Neuropt. 210, 3.—Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 459.

Fuscous, spotted with green; head obsoletely green in front,
above with a T spot, black ; thorax fuscous, dorsum each side with
a cuneiform, green stripe; sides green, with two oblique, fuscous
lines; feet rufo-fuscous, tarsi black ; abdomen long, slender at the
base, inflated, then narrowed fuscous, nearly all the segments with
spots upon the middle, and two at apex, green; appendages fus-
cous, superior ones of the male, slender, the base narrow, cultriform,
the apex acute, subaduncate, interiorly ciliated; the inferior one
very short, triangular, obtuse; those of the female very long, foli-
aceous, towards the apex broader, obtuse; the last segment pro-
duced beneath, with three spines; wings hyaline, the base, in the

132 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

males, subflavescent, pterostigma moderate, fuscous; nineteen an-
tecubitals ; twelve postcubitals..

Length 60—70 millim. Alar expanse 84—90 millim. Ptero-
stigma 34 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey); Jamaica; Brazil.

This species migrates in flocks during the early part of spring.
(Poey.)

2. Gyn. septima.

Gynacantha septima Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 460.

Similar to the preceding, brownish-olive, the extremity of the
front with a transverse, obsolete, fuscous spot; feet pale ferrugi-
nous; wings hyaline, or a little infuscated (adult); pterostigma
rather short, fuscous; the male with a small, 4-toothed auricle
(3-toothed in Gyn. trifida); appendages, superior ones long, slen-
der, acute; the inferior one very short. (Male; from the descrip-
tion of De Selys Longchamps.) Of a little smaller size than Gyn.
trifida.

Hab. Jamaica; Brazil.

Not sufficiently known to me.

Tribe II. LEBELLULINA.

Wings unequal; triangle of the anterior wings dissimilar; ante-
rior genital hamule of the male free; penis and vesicle conjoined;
genital organs of the female uncovered.

Sub-family V. CORDULINA.

Hyes with a tubercle in the middle, posteriorly.

MACROMIA Rampor.

Legs very long; tarsal unguiculi bifid, the branches equal.

l. M. taeniolata!
Macromia taeniolata Ramb. Neuropt. 139, 3.—Macromia vittigera Ramb.
Neuropt. 140, 4.—Macromia cincta Ramb. Neuropt. 141, 5.
Obscure brassy-green; mouth luteous; front with a fascia ante-
riorly yellow, above excavated, brassy-green; thorax brassy-green,

MACROMIA. 133

dorsum each side, in front, with an abrupt yellow stripe, and the
sides with an oblique, medial, yellow one; feet black; abdomen
long, slender, brownish-black, segments 2—8 each side with a
dorsal, yellow spot; appendages black, the superior ones cylindri-
cal, with a small tooth outside; the apical half a little incurved,
the apex acute; the inferior appendage equal, triangular, narrow;
wings hyaline, pterostigma small, black; membranule cinereous.
Male. The vulvar lamina is bilobed. (Female from the descrip-
tion of Rambur.) Twenty antecubitals; nine postcubitals; one
discoidal areolet.

Length 85 millim. Alar expanse 110 millim. Pterostigma 4
— millim.
Hab. Philadelphia; Maryland (Uhler).

2. M. cingulata.
Macromia cingulata Ramb. Neuropt. 137, 1.

Varied with black and yellow; mouth yellow; labium in the
middle, and margin of the labrum black; front excavated and black
superiorly; thorax violet-bluish, each side with three stripes, which
are anteriorly abrupt, yellow; abdomen with yellow bands supe-
riorly, which are narrowed; feet black; wings hyaline, a spot at
base and the apex broadly flavescent; pterostigma small, rufo-
fuscous. (Female from the description of Rambur.) Antecubi-
tals —? postcubitals — ? two discoidal areolets.

Length near 50 millim. Alar expanse near 85 millim.

Hab. North America.

3. M. annulata!

Macromia annulata Hagen !

Fuscous, varied with yellow; mouth and front yellow, front ex-
cavated above and yellow, with a median fuscous line; thorax fus-
cous, somewhat tinged with brassy-green, dorsum each side with a
little abrupted fascia, and the sides each with two oblique stripes,
yellow; feet black, base of the anterior femora yellow; abdomen
long, slender, fuscous, segment 2 with a transverse fascia, segments
3 to 8 with a large, dorsal, quadrangular spot, yellow; appendages
fuscous, yellowish at base; the superior ones cylindrical, with a
tooth upon the external middle, the apical half subincurved, the
apex obtuse; the inferior appendage yellowish, equal, triangular ;
the vulvar lamina short, excised; wings hyaline, the extreme base,

134 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

in the female, flavescent, pterostigma small, black; membranule
whitish cinereous; 14—16 antecubitals; 8—9 postcubitals; two
discoidal areolets.

Length 68—73 millim. Alar expanse 90—102 millim. Ptero-
stigma 24 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

4. M. pacifica!
Macromia pacifica Hagen !

Fuscous; thorax fuscous, tinged with brassy-green, dorsum each
side with a stripe, and sides each with an oblique stripe, yellow ;
abdomen fuascous, spotted with yellow in part; feet black; abdo-
minal appendages blackish-fuscous, the superior ones broader at
base, a tooth upon the external middle; the basal half narrower,
incurved, the apex acute, inferior appendage black, triangular, a
little longer ; wings hyaline, base of the posterior ones subfumose;
pterostigma small, black ; membranule whitish-cinereous. Male.
Sixteen antecubitals; eleven postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length —? millim. Alar expanse 86 millim. Pterostigma 23
millim.

Hab. North America, Pacific R. R. Survey, Lat. 38°.

The specimen is very much mutilated; I saw nothing but frag-
ments, excepting the wings, feet, thorax, and abdomen.

EPITHECA Cuaarp.

- The triangles with transverse veins; hind wings of the male with

the anal angle rounded; the accessory membranulé large.

E. princeps !
Epitheca princeps Hagen!

Fuscous; mouth and front pale, labrum yellow; thorax luteous,
dorsum anteriorly obsoletely fuscous, the sides at the feet a little
varied with fuscous; feet luteo-fuscous, tibiae black, the anterior
ones luteo-fuscous exteriorly ; abdomen long, the base inflated, the
apex equal, luteous, the dorsum obsoletely marked with fuscous ;
appendages long, fuscous, superior ones cylindrical at base, nar-
row, inflated at the apex, subincurved, obtuse; the inferior one
luteous, shorter, triangular; vulvar lamina long, bilobed; wings
hyaline, base of the anterior ones with a broad streak, a large,

DIDYMOPS. 135

triangular basal spot to the posterior ones, a large fenestrated,
nodal spot, and the apices of all the wings brownish, pterostigma
small, black; membranule large, white, the apex brownish-cinereous.

Var. The spots of the wings smaller, or almost wanting.

Hight antecubitals; 5—6 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 63 millim. Alar expanse 88—93 millim. Pterostigma
3 millim. :

flab. Pecos River, Western Texas; Georgia (Abbot) ; Mary-
land. ahr

A large specimen (¢) from Georgia, has 72 millims. length ;
alar expanse 102 millim.,*the fuscous spots of the wings are broader
but it is hardly distinct.

DIDYMOPS Ramsve.

Triangles with transverse veins; tarsal nails bifid, the branches
equal.

1. D. transversa !

Libellula transversa Say, Journ. Acad. VIII, 19, 3.—Epophthalmia cinna-
monea Burm. Handb. II, 845, 2.—Didymops Servillii Ramb.! Neu-
ropt. 142, 1.

Rufo-fuscous, villous; front with a transverse, yellow fascia,
above excavated, each side with a yellow spot ; thorax rufo-fuscous,
each side with an oblique, whitish stripe; abdomen stout, almost
cylindrical, rufo-fuscous, the segments paler at base; appendages
short, fuscous; vulvar lamina truncatedly-excised, short; feet
rufous, tibie yellow exteriorly, tarsi black; wings hyaline, veins
rufous, with a short, rufo-fuscous, basal, longitudinal spot, ptero-
stigma small, fulvous; membranule white, the apex cinereous.
(Female. )

Appendages of the male lanceolate, subarcuated, the apex exte-
riorly subdenticulated; the inferior appendage equal to the supe-
riors. (From the description of Say.)

12—13 antecubitals; nine postcubitals; two discoidal areolets:

Length 55 millim. Alar expanse 75—80 millim. Pterostigma
2 millim.

Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman); Washington (Osten Sacken) ;
Massachusetts (Say); Pennsylvania (Ziegler); New York (Asa
Fitch).

136 — NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.
*

2. D. obsoleta!
Libellula obsoleta Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 28, 17.—Libellula poly-
sticta Burm.! Handb. II, 856, 53.

Testaceous, hairy; mouth and front luteous; thorax testaceous,
dorsum with a point each side, anteriorly, and the sides with a
spot upon the middle, inferiorly, yellow ; abdomen long, the base
inflated, the apex depressed, broad, testaceous; appendages tes-
taceous, the superior ones long, the base cylindrical, the apex
broader outwardly, incurved, subacute; the inferior one a little _
shorter, triangular; wings hyaline, the second series of antecubital
veins banded with yellow, the hind wings with a fulvous spot at
base, pterostigma small, yellow; membranule white, the apex
black. (Male.)

The female has the basal spot of the wings larger (Say.)

7—8 antecubitals; eight postcubitals; two discoidal areolets,
then three following.

Length 43 millim. Alar expanse 62 millim. Pterostigma 2%
millim. '

Hiab. New Orleans; Indiana; Massachusetts (Say).

CORDULIA LzAca.

Anal angle of the posterior wings of the male, acute (body
brassy-green ).

1. C. filosa!
Cordulia filosa Hagen!

Obscure brassy green; labium luteous, labrum and front fuscous;
front above, and the vertex brassy-green; thorax brassy-green,
the sides, each, with two, obsolete, yellow lines; feet black ; abdo-
men long, slender, the base inflated, then becoming more slender,
the apex a little broader, the second segment inferiorly, with a
lateral, luteous spot; appendages black, the superior ones long,
cylindrical, arcuated, before the apex thicker, the apex recurved
outwards, the extreme apex unguiculated inside; the inferior ap-
pendage half the length of the superior ones, narrow, triangular ;
wings hyaline, pterostigma small, black; membranule large, fuscous,
paler inwardly ; anal angle of the posterior wings acute in the male.
(g.) Hight antecubitals; six postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 57 millim. Alar expanse 78 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

flab. Georgia (Abbot).

CORDULIA. 137

2. C. linearis!
Cordulia linearis Hagen!

- Obscure brassy-green; labium luteous; labrum and front fus-
cous, the front above, and the vertex brassy-green; thorax small,
brassy-green, the sides fuscous, with a subeeneous tinge ; feet black,
base of the anterior femora luteous; abdomen very long, slender,
the base compressed, inflated, brownish-black, segments 2—8 with
a basal, obsolete, yellow spot each side; appendages black, the
superior ones short, thé base cylindrical, arcuated, a small tooth
externally, the apex dilated, acutely bifid, before the apex is an-
other external tooth; the inferior appendage a little shorter, tri-
angular, narrow; wings hyaline, pterostigma small, black; mem-
branule large, fuscous, the base pale; anal angle of the male acute;
nine antecubitals; 8—9 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 60 millim. Alar expanse 92 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.
Hab. St. Louis.

3. C. tenebrosa.
Libellula tenebrosa Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 19, 4.

Obscure brassy-green; labium luteous; labrum and front fus-
cous; front brassy-green above; vertex fuscous ; thorax brassy-
green, each side with two lines, and a point posteriorly, yellow ;
abdomen obscure brassy-green, the base inflated, then very slender,
behind the middle, fusiform; superior appendages arcuated, a
tooth upon the middle superiorly, the apex abruptly incurved,
truncated; feet black; wings hyaline, pterostigma black; mem-
branule blackish, the base whitish; interior, anal margin of the
posterior wings fulvo-fuscous. (froin the description of Say. )

Length 51 millim. or larger.

Hab, Indiana.

4. C. bifurcata.
Cordulia bifurcata Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Canada; Nova Scotia. Unknown to me.

5. C. libera.
Cordulia libera Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Canada. Unknown to me.

138 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

6. C. procera.
Cordulia procera Selys’ Collection. —

Hab. North America. Unknown to me.

7. C. chalybea.
Cordulia chalybea Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Nova Scotia. Unknown to me.

8. C. franklini.
Cordulia franklini Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Hudson’s Bay. Unknown to me.

9. C. richardsoni.
Cordulia richardsoni Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Mackenzie River; Labrador. Unknown to me.

10. C. cingulata.
Cordulia cingulata Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Newfoundland. Unknown to me.

ll. C. tenebrica. Mf
Cordulia tenebrica Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Nova Scotia. Unknown to me.

12. C. saturata.
Cordulia saturata Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Nova Scotia. Unknown to me.

13. C. albicincta!
Epophthalmia albicincta Burm.! Handb. II, 847, 8.

Brassy-green, hairy; labium luteous, front inferiorly and at
sides, luteous, above and vertex brassy-green; thorax bright green-
brassy ; feet black; abdomen slender, at the base inflated, then
slenderer, the apex equal, brassy-black, the base each side, and
the last segment at the apex, luteous; appendages black, the supe-
rior ones short, depressed, straight, a basal tooth, amd another
upon the middle beneath, apex truncated, an internal unguiculus,
which is arcuated, produced; inferior appendage triangular, a
little shorter; vulvar lamina bilobed; wings hyaline, anterior

CORDULIA. 139

margin, in the females, subflavescent ; pterostigma fulvous; mem-
branule large, fuscous, whitish at the base; anal angle of the
males subacute; 7—8 antecubitals; 7—8 postcubitals; two dis-
coidal areolets.

Length 48 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

flab. Labrador. Is it not C. franklin?

14. C. septentrionalis!
Cordulia septentrionalis Hagen!

Brassy-green, hairy; labium luteous; front brassy-green above,
each side with a yellow spot; vertex brassy-green; thorax brassy-
green, dorsum with a spot each side at the wings, and the sides
each with two maculose stripes, yellow; feet black, anterior femora
yellowish at base; abdomen slender, behind the base inflated, then
attenuated, with the apex equal, brassy-black, the base each side,
obsoletely luteous; the apex each side luteous, villose; append-
ages black, superior ones longer, subdepressed, straight, with a
larger, basal tooth beneath, and a smaller one upon the external
middle, internal, apical hook oblique, longer, the tip recurved; the
inferior appendage half the length of the superiors, triangular ;
vulvar lamina bilobed; wings hyaline, the posterior ones with a
small, basal, triangular, brownish-black spot, pterostigma small,
-fulvous; membranule large, fuscous, the base whitish; anal angle
of the males subacute; seven antecubitals; seven postcubitals ;
two discoidal areolets.

Length 43 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 24
millim. , |

Hab, Labrador. Is it not C. richardsoni?

15. C. lateralis !

Epophthalmia lateralis Burm.! Handb. II, 847,7. Libellula cynosura Say,
Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 30, 19.

Fuscous; mouth and front luteous, above with an ante-ocular,
narrow, black fascia; thorax luteo-fuscous, with gray hair, sides
with an obsolete, yellow stripe ; feet black, anterior femora almost
entirely, and the base of the others luteous; abdomen depressed,
a little broadened, the base inflated, compressed ; brownish-black,
each side with a marginal, maculose, yellow stripe; appendages
black, superior ones long, cylindrical, obtuse, sub-arcuated, the

140 . NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

base narrow ; inferior appendage shorter, triangular; vulvar lamina
longly bifid; wings hyaline, posterior ones with a basal streak, and
triangular basal spot, which is sometimes larger, blackish-fuscous,
pterostigma luteous; membranule large, whitish-gray; anal angle
of the males rounded; seven antecubitals; four postcubitals ; two
discoidal areolets.

Length 35—41 millim. Alar expanse 58 millim. Pterostigma
2 millim.

flab. Massachusetts (Say); Philadelphia; Ohio; Louisiana;
Florida (Osten Sacken).

Does it belong to this genus? Perhaps it is an Lpitheca.

TETRAGONEURIA SEtys.

Reticulation of the wings dense; anal angle of the posterior
wings of the male, rounded.

1. T. semiaquea!

Libellula semiaquea Burm.! Handb. II, 849, 61. Cordulia complanata
Ramb. ! Neuropt. 145, 2, (in part.)

Fuscous; mouth and front luteous; thorax luteous, villose; the
sides with an obsolete, yellow stripe; feet black, anterior femora
luteous; abdomen broad, depressed, short, brownish-black, each
side with a marginal, maculose, yellow stripe; appendages black,
superior ones long, cylindrical, obtuse, the base narrow ; inferior
one triangular, a little shorter; vulvar lamina longly bifid; wings
hyaline, basal half of the posteriors fuscous, subfenestrated ; ptero-
stigma small, luteous; membranule large, whitish ; anal angle of
the males rounded; six antecubitals; five postcubitals; two dis-
coidal areolets.

Length 32—36 millim. Alar expanse 52—58 millim. fPtero-
stigma 2 millim.

Hab. Savannah, Georgia; South Carolina.

2. T. balteata!

Tetragoneuria balteata Hagen !

Luteo-fuscous; mouth and front pale yellow; labrum with a
basal point, and the front with a band at the eyes, fuscous; the
large vertex and the occiput, pale yellow; thorax luteous, villose,
the sides yellow, two obsolete stripes each side, and larger spots at

PANTALA. 141

the base of the feet, blackish fuscous; feet black, base of the femora
luteous; abdomen short, stout, triquetral, the base subinflated, lu-
teous, the incisures and the three apical segments, black; append-
ages luteous; vulvar lamina short, subemarginate; wings hyaline,
with luteous veins, the base with a fulvous spot, that of the ante-
rior wings small, pterostigma yellow; membranule cinereous. (Fe-
male.) Six antecubitals; five postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

Length 37 millim. Alar expanse 68 millim. Pterostigma 24
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

Does it belong to this genus ?

3. T. diffinis.
Tetragoneuria diffinis Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Nova Scotia. Unknown to me.

4. T. costalis.

Tetragoneuria costalis Selys’ Collection.

Hab. Georgia. Unknown to me.

Sub-Fam. VI. LIBELLULINA.

Hyes entire behind; beginning of the second series of posteubi-
tal spaces with no transverse veins.

PANTALA HAGeEn.

Eyes connected in a long space; posterior lobe of the prothorax
small, entire; abdomen cylindrical, stout, the apex sensibly attenu-
ated, basal segments 2—4 with two transverse sutures; feet long,
slender; base of the posterior wings triangularly dilated; ptero-
stigma small, trapezoidal; first sector of the triangle of the ante-
rior wings straight; triangles of the anterior wings narrow, long;
caudal appendages elongated; genital organs of the male a little
prominent, the anterior lamina bifid; internal branch of the hamule
unguiculated; no unguiculus to the external one; vulva disclosed,
the margin recurved, entire; the following segment carinated be-
neath, and bituberculated.

142 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. |

1. P. flavescens!

Libellula flavescens Fab.! Ent. Syst. Suppl. 285, 18-19; Selys! Poey, Ins.
Cuba, 443.—Libellula viridula Beauv. Ins. Afr., et Amer. Neur. 69,
pl. iii, fig. 4. Descript. de l’Egypte, Neuropt. pl. 1, fig. 4. Ram-
bur! Neuropt. 38, 10.—Libellula analis Burm.! Handb. II, 852, 23.
Libellula terminalis Burm.! Handb. II, 852, 24.—Libellula sparshallit
Dale. Curtis, Guide. 162, 5. Selys, Monog. Libell. 36. Selys,
Revue des Odonat. 322. :

Testaceous-yellow; mouth, front and vertex pale; feet black,
base of the femora, and the tibia exteriorly, yellowish; thorax with
black spots inferiorly; abdomen with a dorsal, maculose, black
stripe, which is often almost obsolete; appendages black, yellow-
ish at base; wings hyaline, anal margin of the posterior ones fla-
vescent, apices of all the wings sometimes a little fumose, ptero-
stigma luteous; membranule white; fourteen antecubitals; seven
postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 43—52 millim. Alar expanse 76—91 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3 millim.

Hab. It encircles the whole world; no other species occupies so
many countries. America. Georgia; St. Louis; Maryland (Ubler,
rare and local); Cuba; Martinique; St. Thomas (L720. terminalis
Burm.); Venezuela; Surinam; Para, Brazil. .

Asia. Banco; Sumatra (Lib. flavescens Fab.); Java (Lib. ana-
iis Burm.); Pondichery; Tranquebar; Bengal; Nicobar Islands;
Ceylon; China; Japan; Luzon; Kamtschatka.

Oceanica. Oahu; Borabora; Tahiti; New South Wales.

Africa. Egypt; Senegambia; Sierra Leone; Angola; Owara;
Congo (Lib. viridula Beauv.); Port Natal; Isle of France.

Hurope? England, Horning (Dale); very likely an error.

2. P. hymenea!
Libellula hymenexa Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 19, 1.

Viridescent; mouth, front, and vertex yellowish; feet black, base
of the femora, and the tibize exteriorly, yellowish; thorax each side,
with two oblique, pale lines; abdomen with a maculose, dorsal
stripe, which is obsolete anteriorly, and the sutures, black; ap-
pendages green; wings hyaline; anal margin of the posterior ones
subflavescent, a round, fuscous spot, veined with yellow, before the
anal angle; pterostigma yellowish; membrane white; fourteen

TRAMEA. 143

antecubitals; seven postcubitals; four discoidal areolets (only three
at the triangle).
Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 88 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.
Hab. Indiana (Say); Pecos River, Western Texas (Captain
Pope); Matamoras, Mexico. :

TRAMEA Hacen.

Eyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the prothorax
small, entire; abdomen stout, cylindrical, slightly carinated; at-
tenuated at the apex, segments 3 and 4 with transverse sutures ;
feet long, slender; base of the posterior wings triangularly dilated ;
pterostigma small, trapezoidal; first sector of the triangle of the
anterior wings, almost straight; triangle long, narrow; caudal
appendages very much elongated, slender; genital organs of the
male a little prominent, anterior lamina recurved, entire, hamule
cylindrical, the external branch elongated, no internal branch;

vulvar lamina large, bifid, obtected, the segment following sub-
carinated beneath.

1. T. carolina! '

' Libellula carolina Linné, Centur. Insect. 28, 85; Amoen. Acad. VI, 441.
Syst. Nat., ed. XII, 904,17; ed. XIII, V, 2624,17. Drury, Ins. I,
113, pl. xxxviii, fig. 1. Fab. Syst. Ent. 424, 23; Sp. Ins. I, 524,
30; Mantiss. Ins. I, 338, 33; Entom. Syst. II, 382,41. Burm.!
Handb. II, 852, 26. Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 19,2. Ramb.!
Neuropt. 32,1. Selys, Poey, Ins. Cuba. 440.

Rufo-fuscous; front superiorly, and vertex of the males brassy-
purple; feet black, base of the femora rufous ; abdomen sometimes
pruinose, the three apical segments with a broad, dorsal, black
band; superior appendages of the male black, the basal half ru-
fous, as long as the two apical segments; the inferior appendage
reaching beyond the denticulated portion of the superiors; hamule
not exceeding the genital lobe; vulvar lamina shorter than the
segment upon which it lies, excised within; wings hyaline; base
of the anterior ones hardly yellow, posterior ones with the basal
third fuscous, veined with yellow, the middle of the anal margin
having a hyaline spot; pterostigma small, fuscous; membranule

144 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

white; twelve antecubitals; seven postcubitals; four discoidal
areolets.

Length 52 millim. Alar expanse 90 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim. |

Hab. Carolina; New Jersey; Georgia; Florida; Cuba; Gua-
deloupe; St. Thomas; the specimens from the Antilles which I
saw were very much mutilated; they may perhaps belong to 7.
onusta,

2. T. chinensis !

Libellula chinensis De Geer, Mém. III, 556; pl. XXVI, fig. 1. Burm.

Handb. II, 852, 27. Libellula virginia Ramb.! Neuropt. 33, 2.

Rufo-fuscous; front above, and the apex of the vertex, brassy-
purple; feet black; abdomen having the three apical segments
with a dorsal, broad, black band; superior appendages of the male
black, as long as the three apical segments; inferior appendage short,
acute, reaching beyond the denticulated portion of the superiors ;
hamule longly exceeding the genital lobe; vulvar lamina shorter
than the segment upon which it lies, excised within; wings hyaline,
the superior ones yellow at base; basal fourth of the posterior ones
fuscous, veined with yellow, not attaining the anterior margin, sur-
rounded with yellow; the anal margin with a large yellowish hyaline
spot upon the middle; pterostigma small, fuscous ; membranule
white; twelve antecubitals; nine postcubitals; four discoidal are-
olets.

Length 53 millim. Alar expanse 104 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. China (De Geer); Madras (Burm.); Carolina (Vienna
Museum); Virginia (Rambur).

3. T. onusta!

Tramea onusta Hagen.

Very much like 7. carolina, but smaller; differs, in having front
and vertex hardly obscurer; the superior appendages of the male
a little longer; the inferior appendage just reaching to the denti-
culated portion of the superiors, the hamule long, exceeding the
genital lobe ; the vulvar lamina of the same length as the segment
upon which it lies; base of the posterior wings less dilated, the
basal, fuscous spot smaller, not attaining to the anterior margin of
the wing, divided in front, and irregular exteriorly, the anal margin

TRAMEA. 145

with a large, hyaline spot; the pterostigma longer; twelve ante-
cubitals ; nine postcubitals ; four discoidal areolets.

Length 43—47 millim. Alar expanse 78—90 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3 millim.

flab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope); Matamoras,
Mexico.

I possess males with the fuscous spot of the wings almost like
that of 7. carolina, but they are not a different species.

I have a female from North America? very much mutilated,
without head or abdomen, of the size of 7. onusta, but the wings
are narrower, the basal spot of the wings small and entire. Per-
haps it is a different species.

4. T. lacerata!

Tramea lacerata Hagen!

Brownish-black ; labrum black(~), or margined with black();
face lurid, front superiorly shining violet, vertex shining violet(¢),
or yellow in front (2); thorax with a violet tinge; base of the
abdomen sometimes pruinose, the seventh segment above with a
quadrangular, yellowish-green spot (¢), or with double lines upon
segments 2 to 5, replaced upon segments 6 and 7 by a large, quad-
rangular, posteriorly narrowed spot, yellowish-green; feet black;
superior appendages very long, slender; hamule short, not reach-
ing as far as the genital lobe ;. vulvar lamina half the length of the
segment upon which it lies, excised within and at the apex; ante-
rior wings with two fuscous, basal spots, posterior wings with a
broad, basal, fuscous band, which is ragged exteriorly, and very
deeply emarginated interiorly; pterostigma long, brownish-black ;
membranule snow-white; ten antecubitals; nine postcubitals; four
discoidal areolets.

Length 44—49 millim. Alar expanse 84—94 millim. Ptero-
stigma 4 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope); Matamoras,
Mexico; Maryland (Ubler).

5. T. abdominalis !

Libellula abdominalis Ramb.! Neuropt. 37, 8.—Libellula basalis Selys!
Poey, Ins. Cuba, 441.

Rufo-fuscous, front and vertex rufo-fuscous; feet black; three
apical segments of the abdomen with a black, dorsal fascia; supe-
10

146 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

rior appendages of the male fuscous, rufous at base, as long as the
two apical segments; the inferior appendage extending a little
farther than the denticulated portion of the superiors; hamule
exceeding the genital lobe; vulvar lamina as long as the segment
upon which it is placed, excised; posterior wings with a narrow
fuscous band, veined with yellow, not attaining the anterior mar-°
gin; the anal margin with a very small hyaline spot; pterostigma
short, brownish-black; membranule white; twelve antecubitals ;
ten postcubitals ; four discoidal areolets. :

Length 46 millim. Alar expanse 86 millim. Pterostigma 23
millim.

Hab. Mexico; Guadeloupe; Cuba (Poey).

6. T. insularis! ~

Tramea insularis Hagen!

Rufo-fuscous ; middle of the labrum, front above, and the apex
of the vertex, brassy-purple; feet black, base of the femora rufous;
the two anteapical segments of the abdomen above with a black
band; superior appendages of the male long, rufo-fuscous, the base
rufous, as long as the three apical segments of the abdomen; infe-
rior appendage short, reaching a little beyond the denticulated
portion of the superiors; hamule shorter than the genital lobe;
vulvar lamina of the length of the segment upon which it lies,
excised, rounded at the apex; wings partly veined with rufous, the
posterior ones with a narrow, fuscous band at base, which is veined
with yellow, and does not attain to the anterior margin; the anal
margin with an oblong, hyaline spot; pterostigma short, fulvous ;
membranule white; twelve antecubitals; nine postcubitals; four
discoidal areolets. |

Length 45 millim. Alar expanse 80 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

7. T. simplex!

Libellula simplex Ramb. Neuropt. 121, 128. Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba,
452.

Rofo-fuscous; front and vertex brassy-purple; thorax pruinose
above (adult male), the sides obscurely marked with black ; feet
nigro-fuscous, base of the femora rufescent; three apical segments
of the abdomen above with a black band; superior appendages

CELITHEMIS. 147

of the male hardly as long as fhe two apical segments of the.abdo-
men, black, the base hardly rufous; the inferior appendage ex-
tending beyond the denticulated portion of the superiors; hamule

shorter than the genital lobe; vulvar lamina extremely short,
excised; wings with rufous veins, the posterior ones with a nar-
row, fuscous, anal band, veined with yellow, not attaining to the
front margin, the anal margin with an oblong, hyaline spot; pte-
rostigma short, nigro-fuscous; membranule white; 8—10 ante-
cubitals ; 7—8 postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 38 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey); Tampico, Mexico (Saussure).

The specimen described by Rambur is smaller, and may be dis-
tinct. Lb. marcella Selys 1. c. from Brazil, is of the same size as
the specimens described by me; perhaps the same species.

CELITHEMIS Hacen.

Eyes connected in a short space ; posterior lobe of the prothorax
broad, excised in the middle; abdomen shorter than the wings,
slender, compressed, trigonal, the base a little thicker, segments 2
and 3 with transverse sutures; feet long, slender; base of the
posterior wings a little dilated; pterostigma oblong, long; the
first sector of the triangle sinuated; triangle broad; caudal ap-
pendages short; genital organs of the male hardly prominent;
hamule two-parted; vulva disclosed, the segment following it
carinated beneath, bituberculated.

1. C. eponina!

Libellula eponina Drury, Ins. Il, 86; pl. xlvii, fig. 2. Fab. Ent. Syst.
II, 382, 39. Coquebert, Icon. 27, pl. vii, fig. 1. Burm. Handb. II,
853,30. Ramb. Neuropt. 45, 20. Selys! Poey Ins. Cuba, 442. Oliv.
Enc. Méth. VII, 572, 19. Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 24, 11,—
[ibellula camilla Ramb.! Neuropt. 46, 21.—Zibellula lucilla Ramb.!
Neuropt. 46, 22.

Reddish-yellow; labium pale; thorax yellow, with a medial,
fuscous stripe anteriorly; the sides with two lines, and a third,
intermediate, abrupt one, brassy-black; feet black, base of the
femora yellowish; abdomen yellow, dorsum each side with a

148 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

broad, longitudinal, black stripe, beneath pale; superior append-
ages of the male short, yellow; inferior one triangular, acute, a
little shorter than the superiors; vulva uncovered, the margin re-
curved, excised in the middle; wings yellowish, veined with yel-
low; anterior ones with a basal spot, two bands and the apex,
posterior ones with a basal double spot, two bands, the internal
one mostly divided, and the apex, fusco-rufous; pterostigma ful-
vous or yellow; membranule white; ten antecubitals; nine post-
cubitals; five discoidal areolets, or an irregular number.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 74 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim. . |

Hlab. Boston; Maryland (Uhler); New Jersey; Pennsylvania ;
Kentucky; Carolina; Indiana; Georgia; St. Louis; New Orleans;
Pensacola; Cuba.

2. C. superba!
Celithemis superba Hagen!

Black; mouth and front black, front obsoletely yellow above ;
thorax black, dorsum scabrous, each side obsoletely marbled with
yellow; feet black, exteriorly lineated with yellow; abdomen
black, the middle segments each side with an oblique, obsolete,
yellow line; appendages black; vulvar lamina erect, triangular,
excavated, acute; wings hyaline, a broad, fenestrated, middle band,
the apical margin narrowly, dentated posteriorly, fuscous; ante-
cubital veins of the second space marked with fuscous, triangles
with a fuscous spot, which is smaller upon the anterior wings, and
the posterior wings with a basal, fuscous spot at the hind margin;
pterostigma large, fuscous, the exterior half white, surrounded
with fuscous; membranule white; ten antecubitals ; six posteubi-
tals; 3—4 discoidal areolets, at the triangle 4 or 5.

Length 34—87 millim. Alar expanse 62—66 millim. Ptero-
stigma 4 millim.

Hab. Oaxaca, Mexico (Collection of Sommer); a male from
Tampico (Saussure).

The fuscous bands and spots are broader in the male. A pecu-
liar and most beautiful species; it differs from C. eponina, in
having the posterior lobe of the prothorax small, rounded, the
triangle narrow, the base of the hind wings not dilated.

PLATHEMIS, 149

PLATHEMIS Hacey.

Eyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the pro-
thorax small, entire; the abdomen short, broad, depressed; the
legs stout, short; pterostigma long, oblong; the first sector of the
triangle sinuated; the triangle narrow, long; caudal appendages
short; genital organs of the male rather prominent; the first ab-
dominal segment, beneath, with a large, prominent fork; vulva
disclosed, the segment following it excavated in the middle, bitu-
berculated ; the eighth segment in the female dilated at the sides.

1. P. trimaculata!

Libellula trimaculata De Geer, Mém. III, 556, 2; pl. xxvi, fig. 23. Fab.
Ent. Syst. I, 374, 5. Burm.! Handb. II, 861, 78. Ramb.! Neuropt.
52, 28.—Libellula lydia Drury, Ins. I, 112; pl. xlvii, fig. 4. Say
Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 20,5. (Male.)

Rufescent; thorax each side with two oblique, yellowish stripes;
abdomen of the male pruinose, female with lateral oblique, yellow
spots, margined with fuscous; feet black, base of the femora rufes-
cent; wings hyaline, a basal, longitudinal stripe, which is margined
inferiorly with lacteous on the posterior wings, and a very broad
band upon the middle (¢), or with the basal stripe, a spot upon
the middle anteriorly, and the apex (?), fuscous; pterostigma
fuscous; membranule white; twelve antecubitals; nine postcubi-
tals; four discoidal areolets.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hab. It is found from Maine to Florida, and from Texas to
Minnesota; also in North California. A common species.

2. P. subornata!
Plathemis subornata Hagen!

Brownish-black, thorax with a stripe each side above, and the
sides with two very oblique yellow stripes; feet black; abdomen
with a broad, maculose stripe each side, on the dorsum and broader
ones on the venter, yellow (in the male it is wanting towards the
apex); wings hyaline, a basal, fenestrated streak, and two angulose
bands, the one nodal, the other pterostigmatical, fuscous; ptero-

150 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

stigma narrow, fuscous; membranule white. The adult male has
the bands of the wings joined together with fulvous; twelve ante-
cubitals ; nine postcubitals ; four discoidal areolets.

Length 42 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

“ An adult male, in my collection (from the same locality), has
the thoracic stripes wanting, and with merely yellowish spots at
the origin of the anterior legs; the labium has a large, square,
blue-black, middle band, and the labrum is entirely black, the
upper part of the front is blackish. A similar, mutilated male, is
in the Smithsonian Collection, labelled ‘San Diego trip.’ ”—
Uhler. |

LIBELLULA Linyé.

Eyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the pro-
thorax small, entire; abdomen stout, rotundo-triquetral, sensibly
narrowing posteriorly ; feet long, stout; pterostigma oblong, large ;
the first sector of the triangle sinuated; triangle narrow, long ;
appendages short; genital organs of the male hardly prominent;
vulva disclosed, the segment following it carinated in the middle
and bituberculated.

1. GL. quadrimaculata!

Libellula quadrimaculata Linné! Syst. Nat. ed. XII, 901,1. Fab. Burm.
Ramb. Selys, Revue des Odonat. 7, 2 (with synonomy).-—JLibellula
quadripunctata Fab.! Entom. Syst. II, 375, 5.—Libellula ternaria Say,
*% Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 21, 7.

Reddish-yellow, villose; front pale, above terminated with black;
sides of the thorax yellowish, lineated with black; feet black; ab-
domen attenuated at the apex, fuscous behind, the sides yellow;
superior appendages of the male black, very long; wings at base
anteriorly, yellow, a costal spot and sometimes an apical one, the
posterior wings with a triangular spot at base, reddish-black,
veined with yellow; pterostigma brownish-black ; membranule
white; sixteen antecubitals; fourteen postcubitals; four discoidal
areolets.

Length 48 millim. Alar expanse 80 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

LIBELLULA. 151

Hab. Wake Michigan, Wisconsin. It migrates in immense flocks
(Dr. Hoy); Canada; Massachusetts (Scudder); Europe; Asia;
Siberia; Kamtschatka.

Common everywhere that it occurs. The male L. ternaria Say,
from Massachusetts, certainly belongs to this species. The female
of that species belongs to the following.

2. L. semifasciata!
Libellula semifasciata Burm.! Handb. II, 862, 80.—LZ2b. maculata Ramb.!
Neuropt. 55, 31.—Libellula ternaria Say (9), Journ. Acad. Philad.
VINE, 21, 7.

Reddish-yellow, villose; front lurid, above terminated with
black ; sides of the thorax obliquely twice marked with yellow; feet
black, femora yellowish rufous; apex of the abdomen attenuated,
the dorsum with apical, triangular, fuscous spots, and lateral
brighter yellow ones; superior appendages of the male short,
blackish fuscous; base of the wings yellowish, a basal, longitudinal
stripe, which is sometimes double upon the posteriors, an abrupt
band upon the middle and a pterostigmatical band, sometimes
also the apex fuscous; pterostigma large, rufo-fuscous; membra-
nule white; fourteen antecubitals; ten postcubitals; four, or some-
times three discoidal areolets.

Length 37—45 millim. Alar expanse 66—77 millim. Ptero-
stigma 5 millim,

Hab. New Jersey, Massachusetts, Maryland (Uhler); New
York, Savannah, Georgia; Carolina, Florida (Osten Sacken).

3. L. nodisticta! | .
Labellula nodisticta Hagen!

Fulvous, clothed with white hair; front pale, brassy-fuscous
above, terminated with black; dorsum of the thorax incanous, each
side fuscous, sides pale with four sulphur spots; feet black, base
of the femora fuscous; apex of the abdomen attenuated, fulvons,
with a broad dorsal, black stripe ; appendages short, black; wings
hyaline, a basal fascia and a nodal point, black; pterostigma nar-
row, black; membranule white. Male.

Thirteen antecubitals; nine postcubitals; four discoidal areolets.

Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 77 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

flab. Mexico (Saussure). It is allied to Lib. quadrimaculata.

152 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4, L. saturata!
Libellula saturata Uhler, Proceed. Acad. Philad. 1857, 88, 4.

Reddish-yellow, villose; feet rufous; abdomen stout, the apex
narrowed; wings hyaline, the anterior margin and basal half yel-
lowish-rufous; a basal streak, especially to the posteriors, fusco-
rufous; of the female hyaline, with the anterior margin flavescent;
pterostigma small, fulvous; membranule black; twenty-one ante-
cubitals ; fifteen postcubitals; five discoidal areolets.

Length 52 millim. Alar expanse 90 millim. Pterostigma 5 —
millim. :

Hab. California, ‘‘San Diego trip,” Mexico (Collection of
Hagen); Cordova; Tampico (Saussure).

5. L. luctuosa!

Libellula luctuosa Burm.! Handb. II, 861, 76.—Zibellula basalis Say,
Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 23, 10.

Brownish-black ; front dark metallic blue (adult male); thorax
with a dorsal yellow stripe, sides brown, marked with fuscous, or
brownish-black, pruinose above (adult male); feet black, or with
the femora rufo-fuscous (?); abdomen brownish-black, dorsum
and venter each side, with a broad yellow stripe, or brownish-
black, pruinose above (adult male); appendages short, black ;
wings hyaline, the basal half blackish-fuscous, the apex sometimes
clouded with fuscous, the middle band in the males broadly mar-
gined with milky-white ; pterostigma black; membranule gray.

Var. Base of the anterior wings shortly or slightly blackish-
fuscous, a basal streak blackish-fuscous. 2.

15—19 antecubitals; 12—17 postcubitals ; four discoidal are-
olets.

Length 38—45 millim. Alar expanse 73—84 millim. Ptero-
stigma 4% millim.

Hab. Pennsylvania; New Jersey; New York; Maryland (Uh-
ler); Chicago; Washington (Osten Sacken).

6. L. odiosa!

Libellula odiosa Hagen!
Entirely brassy-black, or, excepting the front, medial thoracic

vitta, and each side of the abdomen, which are yellow; base of
the femora rufous ( teneral); wings hyaline, the basal half fus-

LIBELLULA. 153

cous, the immediate base paler; female with the apex of the wings
subinfuscated; pterostigma black; membranule gray; eighteen
antecubitals ; fourteen postcubitals; five or four discoidal areolets.

Length 47 millim. Alar expanse 85 millim. Pterostigma 95
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

Similar to Z7b. luctuosa, but the body is more robust, the spot
at the base of the wings is clearer, or fenestrated. The wings of
the female are also a little narrower.

7. L. julia!
Libellula julia Ubler! Proc. Acad. Philad. 1857, 88, 5.

Fuscous, villose; front lurid; thorax gray above, each side
nigro-fuscous, the sides brown; feet black, base of the femora
rufous; apex of the abdomen attenuated, apex of the dorsum fus-
cous, the sides with yellowish spots; appendages short, yellowish-
rufous; wings hyaline, a small line at base, and a triangular spot
behind the line at base, upon the posteriors, fuscous; pterostigma
narrow, fuscous; membranule white. (Male.)

Fifteen antecubitals; twelve posteubitals; three discoidal are-
olets.

Length 42 millim. Alar expanse 72 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab, Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, Washington Territory ;
Wisconsin (Dr. Hoy). This is the North American analogue of
the European L7b. fulva, and belongs to the same group; the
colors are defaced by alcohol.

8. L. pulchella!

Lnbellula pulchella Drury, Ins. I, 115; pl. xlviii, fig.5. Ramb.! Neuropt.
54,30. Duncan, Introduct. 292, pl. xxix, fig. 2.—Libellula versicolor
Fab.! Ent. Syst. II, 380, 29 4; Syst. Ent. 423,17; Sp. Ins. I, 523,
22; Mant. Ins. I, 337, 23.—LZibellula bifasciata Fab.! Syst. Ent. 421,
3 9; Sp. Ins. I, 520, 3; Mant. Ins. I, 336, 3; Ent. Syst. II, 374, 4.
Burm.! Handb. II, 862, 81; Blanch. Hist. Ins. 58,9. Say, Journ.
Acad. Philad. VIII, 20, 6.—JZibellula confusa Uhler! Proc. Acad.
Philad. 1857, 87, 3 (teneral).

Fuscous, villose; dorsum of the thorax grayish-fuscous, sides
with two oblique yellow marks; abdomen stout, the apex attenu-
ated, fuscous, each side with a yellow stripe, or pruinose (¢
adult); feet black, or with the base of the femora rufous (¢);

154 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings hyaline, a broad, basal, longitudinal stripe, an abrupt,
medial band, and the apex, rufo-fuscous; the males with two
alternate spots, and a spot at the anal angle of the posterior wings,
milky-white ; pterostigma large, black; membranule white; six-
teen antecubitals ; thirteen postcubitals; four discoidal areolets.

Length 48—52 millim. Alar expanse 86—90 millim. Ptero-
stigma 6 millim.

Hab. New York; New Jersey; Philadelphia; Boston; Balti- -
more (Uhler); Texas; Mississippi (Edwards).

9. L. forensis !
Labellula forensis Hagen!

Rufo-fuscous, villose; front lurid, above brassy-black ; dorsum
of the thorax pruinose, the sides fuscous, each side binotated with
yellow; feet black; abdomen stout, the apex attenuated, rufous,
the base pruinose, the apex fuscous, sides spotted with yellow,
venter fuscous, spotted with yellow; wings hyaline, a broad basal
stripe, and a broad nodal band, rufo-fuscous; two alternating
spots, and the anal part of the posteriors milky-white; piers
moderate, black; membranule white. Male.

Fourteen nnteonioitale: twelve postcubitals; four discoidal are-
olets.

Length 47 millim. Alar expen 78 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. California (Berlin Museum).

10. L. deplanata !
Libellula deplanata Ramb.! Neuropt. 75, 61.—Libellula exusta Say, Jour.
Acad. Philad. VIII, 29, 18.

Rufo-fuscous, villose; front luteous, vertex fuscous; the thorax
rufous in front, with two yellow stripes, margined exteriorly with
fuscous; feet fuscous; the abdomen short, triquetral, rufous, a
dorsal stripe and the margins and sutures blackish-fuscous; wings
hyaline, anterior ones with two lines at the base, posterior ones
with a triangular spot at base, divided with yellow, rufo-fuscous ;
pterostigma small, fulvous; membranule whitish; twelve antecu-
bitals ; nine postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 32 millim. Alar expanse 56 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Georgia; Massachusetts (Say). I am not quite sure
whether it belongs to this genus.

LIBELLULA. 155

L. exusta Say, differs in having twelve to thirteen postcubital
cross-nervules ; it may be a different species.

* * * *K *K *K * *

(The females have the sides of the eighth abdominal segment dilated.)
Species 11—17.

ll. L. auripennis!
Libellula auripennis Burm.! Handb. I, 861, 77.—Libellula costalis Ramb.!
Neuropt. 59, 36.

Reddish-yellow; thorax red, or with a middle, dorsal yellow
stripe (teneral); feet reddish; abdomen long, slender, triquetral,
reddish-yellow, a dorsal stripe, lost anteriorly, black; wings sub-
fumose, veined: with yellow; the anterior margin flavescent; the
apex sometimes infuscated ; pterostigma large, yellow or red;
membranule black; 15—18 antecubitals; 11—15 postcubitals;
four discoidal areolets.

Length 48—56 millim. Alar expanse 76—85 millim. Ptero-
stigma 6 millim.

Hab. New Jersey (Guex); Maryland (Uhler); New York;
Ohio; Savannah, Georgia; New Orleans, Louisiana; Florida
(Osten Sacken).

12. L. incesta!
Libellula incesta Hagen!

Black, pruinose; labium luteous, front superiorly, brassy-black ;
sides of the thorax paler, pruinose, terminated inferiorly with
black; feet black, base of the femora fuscous; abdomen long,
slender, triquetral, black, pruinose; wings hyaline, veined with
black, the apex hardly infuscated; pterostigma long, black; mem-
branule cinereous. (Male.)

Fifteen antecubitals; twelve postcubitals ; three discoidal are-
olets.

Length 54 millim. Alar expanse 84 millim. Pterostigma 6
millim.

Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman).

13. L. lydia!
Libellula lydia Drury, Ins. II, 85; pl. xlvii, fig. 1. Ramb.! Neuropt.
55, 32; Oliv. Ene. Méth. VII, 570, 8.—Libellula leda Say, Journ.
Acad. Philad. VII, 22, 8, var. A.

Reddish-yellow; front whitish; vertex, and labium in the mid-

156 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

dle, black; dorsum of the thorax rufous, the median sulcus yellow;
the sides greenish-white, beneath terminated with black; abdomen
long, narrow, triquetral, yellow, the base greenish-white, a dorsal
stripe, and another each side at base, shorter, and the sutures,
black; appendages black; feet black, base of the femora yellow-
ish; wings hyaline, a short basal line, a nodal point, and the apex,
blackish-fuscous; pterostigma large, black; membranule cinereous.

Adult Male. Thorax above, pruinose.

17—20 antecubitals; 15—17 postcubitals; four discoidal are- -
olets.

Length 58—61 millim. Alar expanse 100 millim. Pterostigma
T millim.

Hab. New Orleans, Louisiana; Georgia; Virginia.

14. L. axillena!

Libellula axillena Westwood. Duncan, Introduct. 292, pl. xxix, fig. 1.—
Libellula lydia Ramb.! Neuropt. 55, 32 (in part).—Lzbellula leda Say,
Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 22, 8.

Similar to Lzd. lydia, but differs from it by the male having the
front and labrum black, carbonareous, front metallic-blue above ;
of the female, the labium and rhinarium black, the front reddish-
yellow, above metallic-blue; tip of the vertex yellowish; feet
black, the base of the femora hardly rufous; the dorsal stripe of
the abdomen reaching to the thorax; a stripe upon the anterior
margin of the wings, between the nodus and pterostigma, blackish-
fuscous.

Length 50—60 millim. Alar expanse 80—92 millim. Ptero-
stigma 6—7 millim.

Hab. Georgia; New Orleans, Louisiana; Florida (Osten
Sacken).

Is it a variety of L. lydia?

15. L. flavida!
Libellula flavida Ramb.! Neuropt. 58, 35.

Reddish-yellow; mouth, front and tip of the vertex, pale yellow;
thorax rufous anteriorly, the median sulcus yellowish; the sides
yellowish-white, with an oblique fuscous stripe; abdomen long,
triquetral, yellow; a dorsal stripe, another at base, each side, and
the sutures, brownish-black; the inferior appendage pale; feet
black, anterior femora yellowish beneath; wings hyaline, the ante-

LIBELLULA. 157

rior margin flavescent, the base hardly rufescent, the apex sub-
infuscated ; pterostigma large, bicolored, yellow, exteriorly fuscous;
membranule gray.

Adult Male. Thorax and abdomen brownish-black, wings hardly
flavescent anteriorly. |

Fifteen antecubitals ; eleven posteubitals ; four discoidal areolets.

Length 48—52 illite Alar expanse 84-88 millim. Ptero-
stigma 6 millim.

flab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

16. L. quadrupla!
. Libellula quadrupla Say, Jour. sical Philad. VIII, 23, 9.—Libdellula
bistigma Uhler! Proc. Acad. Philad. 1857, 87,1. Adult male.

Reddish-yellow; mouth and front yellowish, vertex fuscous;
thorax anteriorly rufous, the median sulcus yellowish; sides pale
yellow, with an interrupted, oblique, fuscous stripe; feet black,
base of the femora luteous; abdomen triquetral, luteous, with a
broad dorsal stripe, anteriorly absent, brownish-black; wings hya-
line, the anterior margin, especially at the apex, flavescent, the
base with a brownish-black streak; the apex sometimes infuscated ;
pterostigma large, broader in the middle, bicolored, yellow, exte-
riorly black; membranule black.

Adult Male. Thorax and abdomen nigro-fuscous, altogether
pruinose, mouth, front, and the vertex black, wings sometimes
hyaline anteriorly.

13—15 antecubitals; 9—11 postcubitals; three discoidal are-
olets.

Length 40—46 millim. Alar expanse 70—76 millim. Ptero-
stigma 5 millim.

Hab. Baltimore (Uhler); Massachusetts; New Jersey; Mary-
land.

May this not be Lz. cyanea Fab.? (compare South American
Neuroptera. )

17. L. plumbea!
Libellula plumbea Uhler! Proc. Acad. Philad. 1857, 87, 2.

Rufo-fuscous; mouth and front brassy-black, margined with
yellow (¢), or luteo-fuscous (2); vertex fuscous; thorax in front
fuscous, pruinose (¢), or rufous, with the median sulcus yellow-
ish (@), sides yellowish-white, with an interrupted, oblique, fuscous

158 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

stripe; abdonien triquetral, fuscous, pruinose, beneath yellowish(¢),
or rufous, a dorsal, brownish-black stripe, absent anteriorly (2);
feet black, femora partly rufescent; wings hyaline, the anterior
margin entirely flavescent, a basal, not well terminated, fuscous
streak, and the apex (in the female) also fuscous; pterostigma
large, rufous; membranule whitish; sixteen antecubitals; twelve
posteubitals ; three discoidal areolets.

Length 46 millim. Alar expanse 74 millim. Pterostigma 6
millim. ;

fab. Baltimore, Maryland; New Jersey (Uhler); Carolina.

* * ** x * * * *

18. L. funerea!

Libellula funerea Hagen!

Male Adult. Black; mouth and front brassy-black; feet black,
the four posterior tibize yellow exteriorly; abdomen slender, trique-
tral, black; the appendages yellow; wings blackish-fuscous; the
apex, and base of the anterior ones hyaline; pterostigma large,
black, membranule black. TZeneral male and the female approach-
ing a yellow color, the mouth and front yellowish; thorax yellow,
the dorsum each side, infuscated ; feet lurid; abdomen yellowish,
the dorsum and sides subinfuscated; the wings somewhat yellowish,
the apex hyaline, the apical margin infuscated; pterostigma pale ;
twelve antecubitals ; ten postcubitals ; three discoidal areolets.

Length 50 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 5
millim.

Hiab. Mexico.

19. L. umbrata!

Libellula umbrata Linné, Syst. Nat. 903, 13; Fab. Syst. Ent. 422, 14;
Sp. Ins. I, 522, 18; Mant. Ins. I, 337,18; Ent. Syst. Il, 378, 21; —
Burm. Handb. II, 856,48. Ramb.! Neuropt. 73, 58. Selys! Poey,
Ins. Cuba, 448.—Libellula unifasciata De Geer, Mém. III, 557, 3;
pl. xxvi, fig. 4.—Zibellula fallax Burm.! Handb. II, 855, 45 (tene-
ral).—Libellula subfaciata Burm.! Handb. II, 855, 46 (male tenera!).
—Libellula tripartita Burm.! Handb. II, 856, 47 (male adult).—Zi-
bellula ruralis Burm.! Handb. II, 856, 49 (female).—Libellula flavi-
cans Ramb.! Neuropt. 87, 79 (female). .

Male teneral, and Female. Olivaceous, mouth and front flave-
scent; dorsum of the thorax obsoletely varied with fuscous; feet

fuscous, femora partly yellowish; abdomen olivaceous, a dorsal
stripe, almost absent anteriorly, and the apex of segments 4—10,

LIBELLULA. 159

brownish-black ; appendages yellowish; wings hyaline, the apex
subfuscous, base of the- posterior ones ochraceous; pterostigma
large, fulvons; membranule fuscous.

Male Adult. Mouth and front steel-blue; body nigro-fuscous,
with a violet tinge, pruinose ; wings with a broad, blackish-fuscous
band, between the nodus and pterostigma; pterostigma brownish-
black, the base of the posterior ones rufo-fuscous; the apex of
each, often hyaline; 11—13 antecubitals; 9—12 postcubitals ;
three discoidal areolets.

Length 38—47 millim. Alar expanse 56—72 millim. Ptero-
stigma 4—5 millim.

_ Hab. Georgia (Abbot), a single male in Hagen’s collection;
Matamoras, Mexico, a single male in Hagen’s collection; Cuba
(Poey); Martinique; St. Thomas; Barbadoes; Porto Cabello,
Venezuela; Surinam, Hssequibo, Guiana; Bahia, Rio, Brazil;
Buenos Ayres. An extremely common species in tropical South
America. .

20. L. angustipennis !

Libellula angustipennis Ramb. Neuropt. 63, 42; Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba,
p- 446.

Yellowish-red ; front pale, steel-blue above ; thorax fuscous, dor-
sum with three lines, the sides with two stripes and two lines, yel-
low; abdomen triquetral, toward the apex narrower, fuscous,
dorsum with three yellow streaks; the female has the eighth seg-
ment dilated at the sides; feet blackish-fuscous, the anterior fe-
mora yellowish beneath; wings hyaline, narrow, the apex subin-
fuscated; pterostigma long, fuscous; membranule cinereous; fifteen
antecubitals ; ten postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 68 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey). Does it belong to this genus ?

Zl. L. vibex!
Labellula vibex Hagen!

Brownish-black ; labium yellow, with a triangular spot in the
middle; front yellowish, chalybeous above; thorax black, dorsum
with a yellow stripe in the middle; sides with two stripes, and two
lines, yellow; feet black, anterior femora yellowish beneath ; abdo-
men triquetral, black, slender, almost equal, the base with a short,

160 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4
dorsal stripe, and the sides obsoletely yellow; wings hyaline, nar-
row ; pterostigma long, black; membranule blackish-gray. (Male. )

Fifteen antecubitals ; ten postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 69 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Cordova (Saussure).

It is most like Libellula angustipennis, but the posterior lobe of
the prothorax is shorter, not rounded, and the external hamule is
narrower, divided.

Subgenus Orthemnis Hacen.

The first sector of the triangle straight ; the abdomen broad,
depressed; female having the sides of the eighth segment dilated;

pterostigma large.

22. O. discolor!

Libellula discolor Burm.! Handb. II, 856, 51.—Libellula macrostigma

Rambur! Neuropt. 57,54. Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba, 447.—JZibellula
ferruginea Fab. Syst. Entom. 423,19. Sp. Ins. I, 523, 25. (Not of
Entom. Systemat. )

Rufous or blue, pruinose (adult male), labium yellowish, fuscous
in the middle ; thorax with the dorsal sulcus yellow, each side with
four yellow lines ; feet rufous, the femora in part paler; abdomen
rufous, a dorsal stripe, and each side at base yellowish; wings hya-
line, the apex sometimes infuscated; pterostigma large, fuscous ;
membranule black.

Var. Thorax and abdomen with no yellow stripes.

16—19 antecubitals; 1315 postcubitals; three discoidal are-
olets.

Length 48—55 millim. Alar expanse 70—95 millim. Ptero-
stigma 7 millim.

Hab. Western Texas; Matamoras, Tampico, Mexico; Cuba;
Martinique; San Domingo; Guadaloupe; St. Thomas; Porto
Rico; St. Croix; Jamaica; Porto Cabello, Venezuela; Surinam,
Guiana; Chili; Equador; Guayaquil; Rio, Minas Geraes, Bahia,
Pernambuco, Brazil. A most common species.

LEPTHEMIS Hacen.

Hyes very slightly connected; posterior lobe of the prothorax
large, bilobed; abdomen long, almost longer than the wings, nar-

LEPTHEMIS. 161

row, slender, equal, triquetral, the base vesicle-like, compressed ;
feet long, stout; the first sector of the triangle sinuated; the tri-
angle narrow, short; appendages short; male genital organs hardly
prominent; the vulva obtected, the segment following it carinated
in the middle, bituberculated; the sides of the eighth segment of
the female entire.

1. Lep. vesiculosa!
Libellula vesiculosa Fab. Syst. Ent. 421, 7; Sp. Ins. I, 521, 9 ; Mant. Ins.
I, 336, 9; Entom. Syst. II, 377, 12. Burm.! Handb. II, 857, 54.
Ramb.! Neuropt. 50, 26. Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba, 443. Libellula
acuta Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 24, 12.

Yellowish-green ; head and thorax uniform in color; feet black;
femora yellowish-green, lineated above and below with black ; ab-
domen yellowish-green, the base immaculate, lineated and margined
with black, segments 3 to 6 with quadrangular, apical, blackish-
fuscous spots; appendages yellowish ; wings narrow, hyaline, base
of the posterior ones subochraceous ; pterostigma long, yellowish;
membranule black; sixteen antecubitals; twelve postcubitals; three
discoidal areolets.

Length 53—63 millim. Alar expanse 74—90 millim. Ptero-
stigma 5 millim.

Hab. Matamoras, Mexico; Cuba; St. Domingo; St. Thomas;
Guiana; Bahia, Rio, Pernambuco, Brazil.

2. Lep. hematogastra!
Libellula hematogastra Burm.! Handb. II, 837, 55.

Red ; labium yellowish, with a middle, black stripe; front brassy-
fuscous (¢); feet black, the femora red within; abdomen red, or
with the sutures and the apex of the segments fuscous (2); ap-
pendages red; wings hyaline, the base of the posterior ones with
a fuscous spot; pterostigma red; vulvar lamina triangular, re-
curved; 14—15 antecubitals; twelve postcubitals; three discoidal
areolets.

Length 45—50 millim. Alar expanse 70—74 millim. Ptero-
stigma 835—4 millim. |

‘Hab. Georgia (Abbot; Zurich Museum); Surinam; Pernam-
buco, Brazil.
11

162 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

3. Lep. verbenata!
Lepthemis verbenata Hagen !

Luteous; mouth fuscous, sides of the labium pale; dorsum of
the thorax luteous, each side fuscous ; feet black, the femora partly
luteous; abdomen luteous, the sutures and margins, the apex of
segments 4 to 7, and 8—9 entirely fuscous; appendages luteous ;
vulvar lamina triangular, recurved; wings hyaline, the posterior
ones with a basal, fulvous spot, which is veined with fuscous ; pte-
rostigma luteous ; membranule black.

Male Adult.. Entirely blackish-fuscous, appendages Inteous;
spot of the base of the posterior wings, blackish-fuscous. _

12—14 antecubitals; 10—12 postcubitals; three discoidal are-
olets.

Length 43—48 millim. Alar expanse 66—174 millim. Ptero-
stigma 4 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey); Porto Cabello, Venezuela; Surinam; Brazil.

DYTHEMIS Hacen.

Eyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the protho-
rax small, entire ; abdomen a little shorter than the wings, slender,
triquetral, the base a little inflated, compressed, the apex a little
broadened ; feet long, slender; the first sector of the triangle a
little sinuated ; the triangle moderate, narrow ; appendages short;
genital organs a little prominent ; vulva disclosed, the lamina emar-
ginated, the segment following it carinated, bituberculated ; sides
of the eighth segment of the female entire.

l. D. rufinervis !
Libellula rufinervis Burm.! Handb. II, 815, 15.—JLibellula conjuncta
Ramb.! Neuropt. 91, 84. Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba, 444.

Reddish-yellow ; mouth and front yellowish-red ; dorsum of the
thorax rufo-fuscous, or each side with an obsolete yellow line (2);
sides yellowish, four-striped with black; feet black, or with the
femora partly luteous (2); abdomen slender, reddish-yéllow, the
incisures, a basal and lateral stripe, and a dorsal streak each side
upon segments 8 and 9, black; appendages rufous; wings hya-
line, with red veins, the base yellowish, base of the posterior wings
with two fuscous streaks; pterostigma rufo-fuscous ; membranule

'
' DYTHEMIS. 163

black; fifteen antecubitals; 8—10 postcubitals; three discoidal
areolets. |
' Length 39. millim. Alar expanse 65 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. St. Domingo, Port au Prince; Cuba (Poey).

2. D. velox!

Dythemis velox Hagen !

Brownish-black ; labium and front yellowish-green; thorax fus-
cous, subaeneous, the dorsum with a middle line, a lateral one each
side, and a transverse one before the wings, yellow; sides yellow,
with four fuscous stripes; feet black, anterior femora yellow he-
neath ; abdomen slender, the apex thicker, brownish-black, dorsum
of segments 1—7 each side with a greenish-yellow spot, that of
the seventh segment larger, those of the basal segments double,
the third segment each side yellowish-green ; appendages black;
wings hyaline, the extreme base rufo-fuscous, the apex fuscous;
the pterostigma black ; membranule black; 14—16 antecubitals ;
9—10 postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 44 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

3. D. fugax!
Dythemis fugax Hagen |

Brownish-black; mouth and front luteous; thorax fuscous, or
the dorsum having each side a broader stripe, and transverse streak
before the wings, yellowish-green ; sides yellowish-green, with four
black stripes; feet black; abdomen slender, the apex stouter,
nigro-fuscous, dorsum of the second segment with a trilobed spot,
segments 3 to 6 with a double spot each side, and the seventh with
a larger spot each side, greenish-white; segments 1—7 with a
greenish-white spot each side, laterally ; appendages black; wings
hyaline, the extreme apex sometimes infuscated, the base with a
large, fulvous spot, fenestrated with fuscous, and including two
basal, brassy-fuscous streaks, upon all the wings; pterostigma
black; membranule whitish-gray; 13—15 antecubitals; 8—9
postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 45 millim. Alar expanse 76 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

164 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. .

- 4, D. mendazx!

Dythemis mendax Hagen!

Blackish-fuscous; mouth and front pale yellow; thorax fuscous,
dorsum each side with a fascia, which is broader at the wings, an-
gulose, greenish-white; sides greenish-white, with two oblique,
approximate, fuscous stripes; feet black; the anterior femora pale
beneath, abdomen slender, a little longer than the wings, the base
compressed, more inflated, the apex stouter ;. brownish-black, seg-
ments 1—7 with a double spot each side upon the, dorsum, green-_
ish-white, upon segments 4—6 it is almost linear, upon segment 7
posteriorly, a large dilated spot, the sides and venter spotted with
greenish-white; appendages black; wings hyaline, the posterior
ones fulvous at the extreme base ; pterostigma small, black; mem-
branule black ; twelve antecubitals; eight posteubitals; two dis-
coidal areolets.

Length 55—60 millim. Alar ap 76—86 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3 to 34 millim.

flab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

I saw a female from Tampico (Saussure) which had the head
chalybeous above: is it different ?

5. D. praecox!
Dythemis praecoxr Hagen!

Fuscous; mouth pale, the front fusco-aeneous above; dorsum
of the thorax fuscous, a green stripe each side, which is broader
at the wings, angulose; the sides fuscous, three stripes, the middle
one interrupted, green; feet black, the femora luteous in part;
abdomen slender, a little longer than the wings, the base com-
pressed, more inflated, the apex thicker; fuscous, dorsum each
side upon segments 1—7, with a double, yellowish spot; upon
segments 4—6 the spots almost linear; upon segment seven a
larger, broader spot posteriorly ; appendages black; wings fusco-
fumose, fulvous at base; pterostigma small, black; membranule
black. Female.

Twelve antecubitals; seven postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 48 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. Mexico (Collection of Hagen).

DYTHEMIS. 165

6. D. frontalis!
Libellula frontalis Burm.! Handb. II, 857, 56 ; Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba, 453.

Black, pruinose; front white, above greenish-chalybeous ; thorax
pruinose, the dorsum with a yellowish spot each side, which is not
very clear; feet black, anterior femora pale inside; abdomen slen-
der, a little shorter than the wings, black, segments 7 to 9 dilatedly
ovate; appendages black; wings hyaline; pterostigma black ;
membranule black; fifteen antecubitals; postcubitals — ?: three
discoidal areolets.

Length 44 millim. Alar expanse 73 millim. Pterostigma 23
millim.

- Hab. St. Domingo; Cuba (Collection of De Selys Longchamps).

7. D. pleurosticta !
Libellula pleurosticta Burm.! Handb. II, 849, 3.—Lzbdellula celaeno Selys!
Poey, Ins. Cuba, 454.

Brownish-black ; front whitish, chalybeous above; thorax nigro-
fuscous, dorsum with a stripe each side, which is larger at the
wings, angulose, and an intermediate line, greenish-white; sides
black, each with three larger spots and two smaller ones, greenish-
white; feet blackish-brown; abdomen of the length of the wings,
slender, almost equal, black, segments 1—8 (or 9 2?) marked upon
the dorsum with a double, linear, greenish-white spot; appendages
black; wings hyaline, a basal small streak, almost absent in the
males, fuscous; base of the posterior wings a little fulvous ; ptero-
stigma black; membranule cinereous; fourteen antecubitals ; 8—10
posteubitals; two discoidal areolets. .

Length 43 millim. Alar expanse 59—64 millim. Pterostigma
2 millim.

Hab. Cuba; St. Domingo; St. Thomas; Brazil.

8. D. didyma!
Libellula didyma Selys. Poey, Ins. Cuba, 453.—Libellula phryne Ramb.
Neuropt. 121, 27.

Brownish-black ; mouth and front yellowish, front chalybeous
above; thorax nigro-fuscous, dorsum each side, with an oblique
line, the intermediate sulcus, and a transverse line at the wings,
greenish-yellow; sides greenish-yellow, with three brassy-brown
stripes ; feet black, the anterior femora interiorly partly pale; the
abdomen a little shorter than the wings, slender, broader before

166 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

the apex, black, segments 1—6 with a linear, yellowish spot each
side, the base of the seventh with a larger, twin-spot, greenish-
yellow ; appendages black; hamules not prominent; wings hya-
line, the extreme base fulvous; pterostigma oblong, blackish-
brown ; membranule black.

The female varies by having the abdominal spots larger.

9—11 antecubitals; seven postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 33—35 millim. Alar expanse 57 millim. Pterostigma
91 millim. | ; |

Hab. Cuba (Poey) ; Matamoras, Mexico ; Tampico (Saussure).

The Mexican specimens are larger, and the stripes and spots
are larger; perhaps they constitute a distinct species.

9. D. dicrota!
Dythemis dicrota Hagen!

Brownish-black; mouth and front yellowish, front chalybeous
above; thorax black, dorsum each side with an oblique line, the
intermediate sulcus and a transverse. line at the wings, yellowish-
green; sides greenish-yellow with two brassy-fuscous stripes ;
feet black, the anterior femora beneath partly yellowish; abdomen
a little shorter than the wings, slender, broader before the apex,
black, segments 1—6 with a linear spot each side, the seventh
segment with a larger, basal yellowish twin-spot; appendages
black; hamules prominent, large, recurved; wings hyaline, the
extreme base fulvous; pterostigma oblong, fuscous, membranule
black ; ten antecubitals; seven postcubitals; two discoidal areo-
lets.

Length 33—36 millim. Alar expanse 53—57 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

10. D. pertinax!
Dythemis pertinax Hagen!

Nigro-fuscous; mouth and front pale yellow; middle of the
labium black ; front above and vertex chalybeous ; thorax blackish-
fuscous, the dorsum each side with a stripe, which is broader at
the wings, angulose, green; the sides nigro-fuscous, with two
oblique, green stripes; feet black, anterior femora at the base
beneath rufous; abdomen slender, a little longer than the wings,
the base compressed, more inflated, the apex a little stouter ;

DYTHEMIS. 167

black, the base each side with a maculose, green stripe, dorsum of
the seventh segment each side, with a lanceolate, long, green spot;
appendages black; wings hyaline, the anterior margin at base
subflavescent; pterostigma small, black; membranule black.
Male.

Fifteen antecubitals; ten postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 54 millim. Alar expanse 86 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim. J

Hab. Mexico (Vienna Museum). .

Similar to Libellula nubecula Rambur, but certainly distinct.

_ IL. D. aequalis!
Dythemis aequalis Hagen !

Fuscous; mouth and front whitish-yellow; the vertex, and the
front above, chalybeous; thorax brassy-fuscous, the dorsum each’
side with an oblique streak, middle sulcus, and a transverse line
at the wings, yellow; the sides brassy-fuscous, with three broad,
irregular, yellow stripes; feet black, the extreme base fuscous;
abdomen shorter than the wings, slender, broader before the apex,
triquetral, brassy-fuscous, the base each side with a maculose
stripe, and the seventh segment each side with a large, cuneiform,
yellow spot; appendages:black; anterior genital lamina each side
with a large, prominent auricle; the hamule not prominent; vulvar
lamina large, oval; wings hyaline; pterostigma oblong, black;
membranule black.

Adult Male. Thorax and base of abdomen pruinose.

Female. Abdomen each side, with a broad, interrupted, yellow
stripe.

Hight antecubitals; six postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 28 millim. Alar expanse 46 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey); Matamoras, Mexico.

12. D. naeva!
Dythemis naeva Hagen !

Brownish-black ; mouth and front black, with two yellow spots
_ each side; front superiorly and the vertex, chalybeous; thorax
black, subpruinose, a little clothed with cinereous hair; sides each
with oblique stripes, which are obsolete above, yellow; feet black;
abdomen shorter than the wings, slender, triquetral, hardly thicker

168 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

before the apex, black, subpruinose, segments 2—7 each side with
a larger yellowish spot, which is obsolete in the female; append-
ages black; anterior lamina entire; hamules prominent, black,
furcated, the external branch large, truncated; vulvar lamina
large, erect, triangular, excavated ; wings hyaline; pterostigma
oblong, fuscous; membranule black; 7—10 antecubitals; 6—7
posteubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 30 millim. Alar expanse 48 millim. Pterostigma 22
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

13. D. debilis!
Dythemis debilis Hagen !

Nigro-fuscous; mouth and front yellowish-white; vertex, and
the front above, chalybeous; thorax nigro-fuscous, clothed with
cinereous hair, pruinose; the sides brassy-fuscous, obsoletely spot-
ted with yellow; feet black, anterior femora pale beneath; abdo-
men shorter than the wings, slender, somewhat broader before the
apex, triquetral, black, the base pruinose, the seventh segment
each side with a lateral spot, which is long, triangular, segments
5—6 each side with a lateral line, yellowish; appendages black ;
anterior genital lamina each side with an impressed, flat, pyriform
lobe; hamule not prominent; wings hyaline; pterostigma oblong,
fuscous; membranule blackish-gray. Adult male.

Six antecubitals ; four postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 24 millim. Alar expanse 37 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

ERYTHEMIS Hacen.

Eyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the pro-
thorax large, broad, bilobed; abdomen a little shorter than the
wings, broad, depressed, the apex sensibly narrower; feet long,
rather strong; first sector of the triangle a little sinuated; triangle
moderate, narrow; caudal appendages short; genital organs hardly
prominent; vulva disclosed or obtected, the segment following it
a little carinated, bituberculated; sides of the eighth abdominal

segment of the female not dilated.

ERYTHEMIS. . aise

1. EB furcata!
Erythemis furcata Hagen!

Ferruginous; front luteous; feet black, femora rufo-fuscous;
superior appendages of the male recurved, thicker at the apex;
the inferior appendage short, quadrangular, the apex forked; an-
terior genital lamina prominent, forked; vulva disclosed, the apex
of the lamina excised; wings hyaline, base of the hind ones nar-
rowly orange; pterostigma oblong, luteous; membranule black ;
nine antecubitals; eight postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Osten Sacken); Bahia, Brazil; Tampico, Mexico
(Saussure).

2. E. bicolor!
Libellula bicolor Hrich.! Schomburgk, Voyag. Guiana III.

&. Mouth, front and vertex brassy-black; thorax blue-black,
subpruinose; abdomen ferruginous, the base black; appendages
ferruginous ; feet black; wings hyaline, base of the posterior ones
narrowly fuscous; pterostigma luteous; membranule black.

2. Luteo-testaceous; incisures of the abdomen black; feet
black, anterior femora luteous beneath; vulvar lamina produced,
erect, acute, triangular; wings subfumose, the apex a little infus-
cated, the base of the posterior ones yellowish; 12—14 antecubi-
tals ; 9—10 postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 63 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim. :

Hab, Choco, New Grenada (Schott); Surinam, Guiana; Brazil.

Is it different from Libellula peruviana Rambur?

3. H. longipes!
Erythemis longipes Hagen!

Rufous; mouth rufo-fuscous, front chalybeous above; thorax
villose, rufo-fuscous; feet brownish-black, slender, very long; ab-
domen longer, depressed, rufo-fuscous, the sides yellow; superior
appendages of the male rufo-fuscous, long, cylindrical, the apex
thicker, beneath upon the middle a little inflated; the inferior
appendage triangular, acute; vulvar lamina broad, excised in the
middle; wings hyaline with red veins, the base of the posterior

170 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

wings flavescent ; pterostigma oblong, yellow; membranule black;
8—9 antecubitals; 6—T postcubitals ; two discoidal areolets.
Length 38 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim. .
Hab. Cuba (Poey); Minas Geraes, Rio Janeiro, Brazil.

MESOTHEMIS Hacen.

Hyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the pro-
thorax large, broad, bilobed; abdomen a little shorter than the
wings, narrow, triquetral, the base compressed, somewhat broad-
ened before the apex; feet long, rather strong; the first sector of
the triangle sinuated ; the triangle moderate, narrow; appendages
short; genital organs not prominent ; vulva obtected; sides of the
eighth segment of the female not dilated.

1. M. simplicicollis!
Libellula simplicicollis Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 28,16. Jzbellula
caerulans Ramb.! Neuropt. 64, 44 (4%). Selys! Poey, Ins. Cuba,
448. Libellula maculiventris Ramb.! Neuropt. 87, 78 (2).

Yellowish-green; mouth and front yellowish, a narrow black
band before the eyes; thorax yellowish-green, the sides inferiorly
varied with black; abdomen compressed at base, vesiculose, tri-
quetral, a little broader before the apex, yellowish-green, the
sutures and margins black, the segments 4—10 with a quadran-
gular,’ dorsal spot behind, black; the last segments sometimes
altogether black; venter obscure; appendages yellow; feet black,
the anterior femora yellowish beneath; the vulvar lamina erect,
triangular, excavated; wings hyaline; pterostigma oblong, yellow;
- membranule black. |

Adult Male. Thorax and abdomen blue-pruinose.

11—12 antecubitals; 9—12 postcubitals; three discoidal areo-
lets.

Length 41—45 millim. Alar expanse 60—70 millim. Ptero-
stigma 33—4 millim.

Hab. Indiana; Illinois; Massachusetts; Philadelphia; New
York; New Jersey; Savannah; Florida; New Orleans; Pecos
River, Texas (Capt. Pope); Matamoras, Huastee (Saussure),
Mexico; Cuba.

A common species. :

MESOTHEMIS. 171

2. M. collocata!
Mesothemis collocata Hagen !

Yellowish-green; mouth and front yellowish, a narrow black
band before the eyes; thorax yellowish-green, dorsum with a black
spot each side, the sides with three oblique lines, the middle one
interrupted, a spot behind, and some streaks at the feet, black;
feet black, anterior femora yellowish beneath; abdomen compressed
at base, vesiculose, triquetral, the apex almost equal, yellowish-
green, the sutures and margins all banded with black; appendages
black; wings hyaline; pterostigma oblong, yellow; membranule
black. Teneral male.

-11—12 antecubitals; nine postcubitals; three discoidal areo-
lets.

Length 43 millim. eat expanse 67 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

3. M. corrupta!

Mesothemis corrupta Hagen!

Luteous; mouth, front and vertex yellowish; head robust; tho-
rax luteo-fuscous, clothed with white hairs; dorsum with a white
stripe each side; sides each with two oblique white stripes, and at
the feet a sulphureous spot, which is bounded inferiorly with fus-
cous; feet black, yellow above, tarsi black; abdomen stoutish, the
base a little more robust, luteous (with the teneral ones, whitish-
yellow); each side an arcuated fuscous stripe, dorsum with an
interrupted stripe, two points upon the apical segments, and a
larger spot upon the middle of segments 8 and 9, fuscous; an
interrupted, whitish, ventral stripe; appendages yellow; vulvar
lamina flat, the apex emarginated; wings hyaline, with yellow
veins; pterostigma oblong, yellow, fuscous in the middle; mem-
branule white; seven antecubitals; 6—7 postcubitals; three dis-
coidal areolets.

Length 37—43 millim. Alar expanse eee millim. _ Ptero-
stigma 3 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope); Illinois (Ken-
nicott); Matamoras, Mexico; Ajan, Sea of Ochotsk.

The adult male from MatarhOrbs is obscurer, the pterostigmata
are uni-colored, luteo-fuscous.

172 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4, M. illota!
Mesothemis illota Hagen!

Luteous; mouth yellowish, front rufous above; thorax luteous,
with luteous hair, the sides each with two white spots at the feet,
which are margined beneath with fuscous; feet luteous; abdomen
rufous, appendages rufous; wings hyaline, veined with luteous,
the base, and anterior margin as far as the nodus, flavescent; the
anterior wings with one rufo-fuscous, basal streak, the posterior
ones with a double one; pterostigma luteo-fuscous; membranule
whitish. Male.

Nine antecubitals; seven postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 87 millim. Alar expanse 56 millim. Pterostigma 24
millim.

Hab. North California; Mexico.

I saw a female from Ajan (Sea of Ochotsk), which was a little
larger; the ‘alar expanse was 62 millim. :—the anterior margin of
the wings all flavescent, no basal streaks, the thorax upon each of
the sides with two oblique white stripes; the feet blackish-fuscous;
is it the same species ?

Libellula gilva Hagen, from Columbia, is very similar to J7
ellota :——I am in doubt whether it is different.

5. M. attala.
Libellula attala Selys. Poey, Ins. Cuba, p. 445.

Blackish-smoky; base of the abdomen inflated, the dorsum with
obsolete rufous spots each side; feet blackish; wings hyaline,
veined with black, anterior ones with a small, basal spot, upon the -
posterior wings the spot is larger and produced almost to the
origin of the triangle, fuscous; pterostigma moderate, brownish-
olive. (From the description of De Selys Longchamps. )

Fifteen antecubitals; nine postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 42 millim.s Alar expanse 70 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Cuba.

This is Libellula annulata Rambur, 78, 65, in part.

6. M. mithra.

Libellula mithra Selys. Poey, Ins. Cuba, p. 446. Libellula annulata Ramb.
Neuropt. 78, 65 (in part).

Very much like the preceding species, but the posterior wings

DIPLAX. 173

are narrower, and the basal spot smaller. (From the description
of De Selys Longchamps.)

Length 40 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim.

Hab. Island of Martinique.

7. M. longipennis!

Libellula longipennis Burm. Handb. II, 850,12. Libellula socia Ramb. !
Neuropt. 96, 94. JLzbellula truncatula Ramb. Neuropt. 95, 92?

Fuscous; mouth and front yellowish-white ; vertex, and front
superiorly, chalybeous ; thorax fuscous, clothed with luteous-hairs,
dorsum each side with a streak, and a transverse line at the wings,
yellow ; sides yellow, with three oblique, fuscous lines; abdomen
triquetral, short, sensibly attenuated; of the female, broader at
the apex, yellowish, dorsum with three broad, fuscous stripes, con-
fluent towards the apex; the last segment extremely short; append-
ages black; abdomen of the adult male (more rarely of the female),
pruinose ; feet black; wings hyaline, veins black, the base flaves-
cent; of the adult male often dusky towards the apex; posterior
wings of the male, with a double fuscous streak at base; wings of
the female hardly flavescent, with no basal streaks; pterostigma
falvous; membranule black; six antecubitals; six postcubitals ;
three discoidal areolets.

Length 35—44 millim. Alar expanse 59—70 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3—4 millim.

Hab. Maryland; New York; Illinois; Savannah, Dalton,
Georgia; Florida; New Orleans, Louisiana; Pecos River, West-
ern Texas (Capt. Pope); North California; Matamoras, Mexico.
A common species.

Specimens from Western Texas have the thorax and abdomen
almost entirely brassy-black; but they are not different from the
others.

A male from California has the thorax and abdomen very prui-
nose, the extreme base of the wings only is flavescent, and the
fuscous streaks are almost absent.

DIPLAX CuHarp.

HKyes connected in a short space ; posterior lobe of the prothorax
large, broad, bilobed; abdomen a little shorter than the wings,
slender triquetral, the base compressed; feet long, slender; the

174 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

first sector of the triangle sinuated; triangle moderate, broad ;
caudal appendages short; the genital organs not prominent; vulva
obtected ; the sides of the eighth segment in the female not di-
lated.

1. D. assimilata!
Libellula assimilata Uhler! Proc. Acad. Philad. 1857, 88, 6.

Yellowish ; mouth and front pale yellow, a narrow black band
before the eyes; dorsum of the thorax luteous, sides yellow; ab-
domen slender, the base compressed, inflated, yellowish, dorsum of |
the first and second segments black at base, sezsments 4—9 each
side with a marginal, black stripe; appendages yellowish, the in-
ferior one triangular, truncated at the apex and a little excised;
vulvar lamina short, narrow, almost quadrangular, inflated, bifid,
recurved at the apex; feet black, the femora partly yellowish ;
wings hyaline, the base flavescent, the basal half with the males
and sometimes with the females, flavescent; pterostigma short,
yellow, obscure in the middle, membranule white; 7—9 antecubi-
tals; 6—8 postcubitals ; three discoidal areolets.

Length 33—37 millim. Alar expanse 56—60 millim. Ptero-
stigma 24 millim.

Hab. Fort Union, Nebraska (Dr. Suckley) ; Illinois and Wis-
consin (Kennicott); St. Louis; Washington; Chicago (Osten
Sacken); Pennsylvania; Maryland (Uhler).

It is very much like Diplax flaveola Linn..of Europe.

2. D. madida!
' Diplax madida Hagen!

Flavescent; dorsum of the thorax luteous; the sides yellow, with
two of the sutures black; abdomen yellowish, the two basal seg-
ments black at base; segments 83—5 each side with the lateral
‘margin and a lateral stripe, black; feet black, the anterior femora
yellow beneath; wings fumose, the anterior margin, and the base
of the posteriors, flavescent; pterostigma long, narrow, yellow;
membranule white. Female.

Six antecubitals; six postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length —? Alar expanse 58 millim. Pterostigma 3 millim.

Hab. Upper Missouri.

Described from a single, mutilated specimen; the head, and apex
of the abdomen is destroyed.

DIPLAX. 175

3. D. costifera!
Libellula costifera Uhler! Mss.

Yellowish; thorax densely covered with long whitish hairs ;
second segment of the abdomen with a dorsal, triangular, fuscous
spot, the following segments having the lateral margin black; the
vulvar lamina short, truncated, excavated, a little erected; feet
yellow; wings hyaline, the anterior margin and immediate base,
flavescent; pterostigma broadened, yellow; membranule white.
(Teneral female). Adult female :—sides of the thorax whitish-
yellow, with a black vestige upon the posterior suture; the abdo-
men is a little pruinose beneath, the eighth and ninth segments
have an ill-defined, longitudinal, black spot upon the middle; the
femora have a black line exteriorly, and the tarsi are black. The
genital hamule of the male is bifid, the branches widely separated,
the posterior branch elongately-triangular, at tip a little decurved,
the anterior branch shorter, very slender, strongly recurved, acute
at the apex, the extreme point black; genital lobe oblong, slightly
rounded at tip, hairy; denticles of the superior appendage sub-
equal; inferior appendage but little shorter than the superiors,
triangular, rounded at the sides, emarginate at tip, and with a
minute denticle each side; 7—8 antecubitals; 5—6 postcubitals;
three discoidal areolets. .

Length 35—39 millim. Alar expanse 58—60 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3 millim.

Hab. Massachusetts (Scudder); New York (Edwards).

4. D. vicina!
Diplax vicina Hagen!

Yellowish-red; front rufescent above, with a small, black band
before the eyes; thorax and abdomen yellowish-red or altogether
yellowish (teneral); abdomen compressed at base, very much in-
flated beneath; hamules longly bifid, the branches equal; vulvar
_ lamina truncated, erect, excavated; feet yellowish-red; wings
hyaline, veins luteous, the extreme base flavescent; pterostigma
oblong, luteous, broader in the middle; membranule whitish gray ;
6—7 antecubitals; six postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 31—36 millim. Alar expanse 46—52 millim. Ptero-
stigma 24 millim.

Hab. Bergen Hill, New pene Pennsylvania; Washington
(Osten Sacken).

176 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Similar to D. costifera, but the base of the abdomen is more in-
flated, the pterostigma shorter and broader, the anterior margin of
the wings clear hyaline. Is it distinct? May it not be a variety?

5. D. semicincta!
Libellula semicincta Say. Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 27, 15.

Rufous; front yellowish-red, with a broader black stripe before
the eyes; dorsum of the thorax rufous, the sides inferiorly with
two obsolete, luteous spots, which are margined in part with black ;_
feet black, the anterior femora luteous beneath; abdomen short,
triquetral, the base a little inflated, rufo-fuscous, the lateral margin
and venter black; the superior appendages rufous, cylindrical, the
apex black, before the apex beneath with a larger tooth; the in-
ferior appendage hardly shorter, black, triangular, the apex a little
excised ; genital hamule short, bifid, the external branch stout,
conical, the internal one equal, unguiculated; the genital lobe of
the length of the hamule, the apex rounded, broader; wings hya-
line, fuscescent from the base to the nodus (not extending so far
upon the anterior wings); pterostigma quadrangular, fulvous, sur-
rounded with black nerves; membranule white. Male. .-

Seven antecubitals; six postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 30 millim. Alar expanse 46 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. Indiana; Massachusetts (Say); Pennsylvania; Maryland
(Uhler).

6. D. rubicundula!
Libellula rubicundula Say. Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 26,14. Libellula
ambigua Ramb. Neuropt. 106, 105; Selys, Revue Odonat. 325.

Yellowish-subrufescent; front yellowish, with a black band before
the eyes; thorax rufous, the sides sometimes luteous ; feet black,
anterior femora luteous beneath; abdomen rather long, slender,
sanguineous (adult male), or yellowish rufous, the sides with a
maculose, black stripe; appendages rufescent; superior ones of ©
the male longer, the apex acute, recurved, beneath upon the mid-
dle with a stouter tooth; inferior appendage shorter, rufescent,
triangular, the apex a little excised; the genital hamule rather long,
very bifid, the external branch triangular, the internal one a little
longer, narrow, subinturved; the genital lobe short, triangular,
the apex narrow; vulvar lamina small, triangular, the base inflated,

DIPLAX. TTT

longly bifid; wings hyaline, the extreme base yellowish; ptero-
stigma quadrangular, fuscous, terminated at each end with pale;
membranule white; 7—-8 antecubitals; T—8 postcubitals; three
discoidal areolets.

Length 32—37 millim. Alar ‘ee tates 50-58 millim. Ptero-
stigma 2 millim. |

Hab. Indiana; Massachusetts (Say); Maryland (Uhler); Bergen
Hill, New Jersey (Guex); Chicago; Washington; New York;
Philadelphia (Osten Sacken).

A common species. The variety described by Say l.c. p. 27,
“wings with the basal half ferruginous’—is unknown to me.

I possess a male from Chicago most like this species, except that
the form of the hamules is different; being shorter, the apex only
bifid, the external branch broad, truncated; the internal branch
small, unguiculated :—is it a distinct species ?

7. D. albifrons!
Libellula albifrons Charp.! Libell. Europ. 14; tab. ix, fig. 3.—Libellula
ambigua Selys, Revue Odonat. 325.

Yellowish-subrufescent ; front narrow, yellow, no band before
the eyes; dorsum of the thorax luteo-fuscous, the sides paler, va-
ried with fuscous at the feet; feet luteous, the anterior femora ex-
teriorly, and the tarsi partly, fuscous; abdomen long, slender,
sanguineous (adult male), or luteous; segments 1 and 2 at base,
and segments 4—9 each side at the apex, with a triangular, black
spot; appendages luteo-rufous, superior ones of the male long, the
apex acute, recurved, beneath in the middle with a stout tooth;
inferior appendage shorter, triangular, the apex a little excised ;
hamules long, the apex bifid, the external branch small, stout,
truncated; the internal branch longer, narrow, unguiculated; gen-
ital lobe shorter, triangular; vulvar lamina broad, short, rounded,
the apex a little incised on the middle; wings hyaline, extreme
base a little flavescent; pterostigma quadrangular, fuscous, termi-
nated at each end with pale; membranule whitish-cinereous ; eight
antecubitals; 6—8 postcubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 33—36 millim. Alar expanse 54—58 millim. Ptero-
stigma 2 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); St. Louis Getto.

I possess the male described and figured by Charpentier; the
locality as reported by him (‘Switzerland’) is erroneous.

178 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

8. D. berenice!
Libellula berenice Drury, Ins. I, 114; tab. xlviii, fig. 3. Oliv. Enc. Meth.;
Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 25,13; Rambur, Neuropt. 88, 80.—
Libellula histrio Burm.! Handb. II, 849, 7. ©.

Black; mouth black, the labium yellow each side; front black
beneath, with a yellow spot each side, above and the vertex cha-
lybeous; eyes black posteriorly, spotted with yellow; thorax black,
subpruinose; the sides of the same color, or (teneral) with some
yellow spots towards the legs; feet black; abdomen slender, tri-—
quetral, the base hardly inflated, altogether black, subpruinose
(adult male), or with segments 83—T having a yellow spot each
side (male and female, less adult); or. black, and segments 3—T
with a large, phalerated, fulvous spot, divided by a medial black
line; the last segment partly fulvous (teneral female); appendages
black; the vulvar lamina long, erect, triangular, excavated; wings
hyaline, base of the posterior ones, in the female, subrufous; ptero-
stigma long, yellow; membranule black.

Var. 2 (L£. fastrio Burm.). Labium yellow, the middle nar-
rowly black; labrum yellow, margined with black; front yellow,
with a transverse black stripe, and a small T-shaped chalybeous
spot above; vertex chalybeous, with a bright yellow spot above ;
prothorax black, spotted with yellow; thorax bright yellow, the
middle sulcus and a double stripe, which is joined together at each
end, black; sides yellow, with five partly interrupted, oblique, black
. Streaks; the more adult female has the black markings broader and
more confluent; feet black, extreme base of the femora yellow;
abdomen black, segments 1—7 with a large, dorsal, phalerated
spot, incisures black; the tenth segment and appendages fulvous ; —
wings hyaline, the extreme base flavescent, all the wings with a
large medial, fuscescent cloud; pterostigma yellow; membranule
black; nine antecubitals; 7—9 postcubitals; three discoidal are-
olets.

Length 32—34 millim. Alar expanse 50 millim. Pterostigma
3 millim.

Hab. Bergen Hill, New Jersey (Guex); New York; Maryland
(Uhler); Virginia. A common species. I possess a male and
_ female of the variety, taken in copula.

DIPLAX. 179

9. D. scotica!

Libellula scotica Donovan; Selys! Revue des Odonat. 48, 22 (with the

synonyms).

Fusco-olivaceous; labium yellow, with a middle black band ;
labrum yellow, margined with black; front yellow, a band anteri-
orly, obsolete or absent with the female, and another before the
eyes, black; dorsum of the thorax olivaceous, the middle sulcus
broadly, triangularly black; dorsum of the male sometimes fuscous,
the middle black, with two yellowish spots each side; sides yellow,
with a broad, oblique black band; beneath black, with three cord-
iform, yellow spots; feet black; abdomen short, triquetral, black,
each side with a yellow, maculose stripe; dorsum of the abdomen
entirely fulvous in the females; appendages black; vulvar lamina
triangular, erect, excavated; wings hyaline, posterior ones of the
females flavescent at the extreme base; pterostigma quadrangular,
black; membranule whitish.

Adult Male. Mouth, and the front almost entirely, black; thorax
and abdomen black, with the yellowish marks absent, or almost
absent. Seven antecubitals; 5—7 postcubitals; three discoidal
areolets.

Length 33 millim. Alar expanse 52 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. North Red River (Robt. Kennicott) ; almost everywhere
in Europe; Asia; Wilui River, Irkoutsk, Siberia.

The American specimens are hardly distinct; but the color is a
little different ; the black labial stripe is narrow anteriorly, trian-
gular; the dorsum of ‘the thorax is of an olive fuscous color, trans-
versely interrupted, so as to appear 4-spotted; dorsal middle of
the abdomen, in the female, somewhat black.

10. D. intacta!
Diplax intacta Hagen !

Fuscous; mouth and front white; labium in the middle (9)
black, and in adult male, all black; front with a black band before
the eyes; vertex black, with a pale spot above, or all black (adult);
thorax nigro-fuscous, dorsum each side with an obsolete fulvous
stripe, sides fuscous, obsoletely varied with black; the adult male
has the thorax brassy-black; feet black; abdomen short, somewhat
broader before the apex, fuscous, with dorsal, phalerate, fulvous
spots; upon the base and segments 6—7 they are larger} or black,

180 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with a dorsal yellowish spot upon the seventh segment (adult
male); appendages black; the inferior one half the length of the
superiors, quadrangular, broadly bifid; wings hyaline, posterior
ones at base, with a triangular black spot; base of the wings, in
the females, flavescent; pterostigma short, quadrangular, black ;
membranule blackish-gray ; 7—8 antecubitals; 7—9 postcubitals;
three discoidal areolets.

Length 32 millim. Alar expanse 52 millim. Piaeosialees 2
millim.
Hab. Wisconsin (Dr. Hoy); Chicago (Osten Sacken); Ohio
(Schaum); Massachusetts (Scudder).

11. D. hudsonica.
Libellula hudsonica Selys, Revue des Odonat. 53.

Similar to Diplax dubia Vander Linden (perhaps its variety 7);
it differs in being smaller, the basal spot of the posterior wings is
small, the reticulation of the wings is less narrow; the vertex is
yellow above; the labrum is hardly margined with black; the
teeth upon the inferior surface of the superior appendages of the
male are almost equal. (From the description of De Selys Long-
champs. )

Length 27 millim. Alar expanse 46 millim.

fab. New Brunswick; Hudson’s ‘Bay.

12. D. dubia!
L. dubia Selys! Revue des Odonat. 50, 21.

- Black; front white, labium black, labrum white, margined with
black; the vertex and a band before the eyes, black; thorax ob-
scure brassy-green, with brown villosity ; dorsum with a subinter-
rupted, fulvous stripe each side; sides spotted with fulvous; feet
black; abdomen slender, triquetral, the dorsum spotted with yel-
low, base spotted, and segments 6 and 7 with larger spots; wings
hyaline, or fumose, sometimes with the base flavescent, anterior
ones with two basal points, and the posterior ones with a point and
triangular spot at base, black; pterostigma quadrangular, nigro-
fuscous; membranule cinereous; eight antecubitals; seven post-
cubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Tietieth 37 millim. Alar expanse 58 millim. Pisedecer 2
millim.

Hab. Europe.

DIPLAX. 181

13. D. ochracea!
Libellula ochracea Burm.! Handb. III, 854, 38.—Libellula fervida Erichs.!
Voyag. Schomburgk II, 584.—Libellula justiniana Selys. Poey, Ins.
Cuba, 450. ,

Rufous, or yellowish; mouth yellow, front rufous above; thorax
rufous or yellow, dorsum pointed with fuscous; sides inferiorly
bright yellow; feet black, base of the femora partly yellowish ;
abdomen a little thickened, short, triquetral, rufous or yellowish,
a dorsal stripe and each side a lateral one, submaculose, nigro-
fuscous; the apical segment and appendages yellowish; genital
hamule bifid, the external branch stout, truncated; the internal
branch small, unguiculated; genital lobe equal, obliquely truncated
behind; vulvar lamina triangular, erect, excavated; wings hyaline,
the base flavescent, or rufescent; pterostigma rather long, oblong,
yellowish ; membranule blackish-gray.

Adult Male. Almost entirely rufous;—female with the apex of
the wings sometimes a little infuscated. I saw a very adult male
from Surinam, which was almost entirely black, the front chalybeous
above, the base of the wings brownish-black, and the abdomen
partly pruinose. 10—11 antecubitals; 7—8 postcubitals ; three
discoidal areolets, then two.

Length 30—35 millim. Alar expanse 50—56 millim. Ptero-
stigma 3 millim. me

Hab. Choco, New Grenada (Schott); Cuba (Poey); Surinam,
British Guiana; Bahia, Brazil; Porto Cabello, Venezuela; Tam-
pico, Mexico (Saussure).

It is a common species in meridional America.

14. D. justiniana.

Lnbellula justiniana Selys. Poey, Ins. Cuba, 450.—Libellula minuscula
Ramb. Neuropt. 115, 118, in part.

Fuscous; front above, and the vertex chalybeous (adult male),
or yellowish (teneral male and female); thorax yellow, dorsum
each side fuscous, or altogether blackish-fuscous (adult male); feet
black, femora yellowish in part; abdomen short, slender, trique-
tral, yellowish, each side spotted with black, or black, pruinose
(adult male); appendages brownish-black; genital lobe broader
at the apex, oval; vulvar lamina broad, oval, excavated, suberect;
wings hyaline, base of the anterior ones a little flavescent, base of
the posteriors broadly rufo-fuscons, or flavescent (2); pterostigma

182 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

oblong, yellow; membranule nigro-cinereous; 8—10 antecubitals;
6—1 postcubitals; three discoidal areolets, then two.

Length 25—31 millim. Alar expanse 38—47 millim. Ptero-
stigma 2—24 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

15. D. elisa!
Diplax elisa Hagen!

Fuscous, head yellowish in front, the labium with a medial,
fuscous stripe ; front with a narrow black band before the eyes;
thorax fuscous, the middle sulcus obscurer; the sides fuscous or
yellow, moderately punctated with black; feet black, base of the
femora partly yellowish; abdomen a little thickened, triquetral,
black, segments 1—7 with a dorsal, larger, phalerate, yellow spot;
appendages yellowish; genital lobe narrow, small, triangular ;
vulvar lamina broad, oval, the apex excised; wings hyaline, the
anterior margin and base flavescent, an apical and ante-apical
fuscous spot; anterior wing at base with a small spot, and the pos-
terior ones with a large fuscous spot, which is lacerated, divided,
veined with yellow, and a broad yellow band; antecubital veins
margined with fuscous in part; pterostigma oblong, large, yel-
low; membranules white; eight antecubitals; T—8 postcubitals ;
three discoidal areolets. :

Length 83 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. Pterostigma 3
millim.

Hab. Bergen Hill, New HerEy (Guex) ; rep New York
(Osten Sacken).

16. D. ornata!
Diplax ornata Ramb. Neuropt. 96, 93.

Yellow varied with black; head yellow in front, labium with a
black stripe in the middle; front with a narrow black band before
the eyes; thorax yellow, dorsum with a broad, medial, black stripe;
sides yellow, with three oblique, black, somewhat brassy stripes ;
abdomen triquetral, black, segment 1—T with a dorsal, large, pha-
lerate, yellow spot ; superior appendages yellow, the inferior one
fuscous; genital lobe narrow, linear; vulvar lamina short, trun-
cated, each side with an inflated tubercle; feet black, the anterior
femora yellowish at base; wings hyaline, the posterior ones with a
large, basal, fulvous spot, and two lacerated, fuscous stripes, the

DIPLAX. 183

anterior one narrow, bipartite; the female sometimes has the base
of the anterior wings flavescent, and some of the antecubital ner-
vules marked with fuscous. I have also seen females with the .
fulvous spot and the fuscous stripes on the posterior wings very
small; pterostigma oblong, yellow; membranule white, cinereous
inwardly. |

Adult Male. Almost entirely black, subpruinose.

6—9 antecubitals; 5—7 postcubitals ; three discoidal areolets,
then two.

Length 30—32 millim. Alar expanse 55 millim. Pterostigma
24 millim. :

Hab. Philadelphia; Florida (Norton).

17. D. amanda!
Libellula pulchella Burm.! Handb. II, 849, 2.

Bright yellow; mouth and front yellow, before the eyes a nar-
row fuscous band; thorax yellow, dorsum with a broad black stripe;
sides yellow, sutures fuscous at the wings; abdomen triquetral,
yellow, the segments black posteriorly, the three last black; ap-
pendages yellow; feet black; femora partly yellow; genital lobe
narrow linear; vulvar lamina rounded, excised in the middle; base
of the wings broadly flavescent, the posterior ones with a double
stripe, veined with yellow, the anterior one narrower, bipartite,
fuscous ; pterostigma short, yellow; membranule white; eight an-
tecubitals; five postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

Length 25—27 millim. Alar expanse 4447 millim. Ptero-
stigma 12 millim.

Hab. Savannah, Georgia.

18. D. minuscula!
Libellula minuscula Ramb.! Neuropt. 115, 118.

Yellow, varied with black; front yellow, above chalybeous; tho-
rax black,.pruinose (adult male), or yellow, dorsum each side, with
a fuscous stripe; the sides yellow, the sutures narrowly fuscous ;
feet black, anterior femora yellowish at base; abdomen short, tri-
quetral, yellow, the dorsum with three maculose, black.stripes, and
the apex black; appendages pale yellow; vulvar lamina triangular,
erect, excavated; wings hyaline, the extreme base of the posterior
ones fulvous; pterostigma oblong, yellow; membranule cinereous;
eight antecubitals; five postcubitals; two discoidal areolets.

184 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length 21—26 millim. Alar expanse 34—46 millim. Ptero-
stigma 14—2 millim.
Hab. Kentucky; Georgia; Florida; Brazil.

19. D. credula!
Diplax credula Hagen !

Fuscous; mouth luteous, front rufo-fuscous above; dorsum of
the thorax fuscous, a luteous stripe upon the middle; sides luteous; :
feet brownish-black, base of the femora luteous; abdomen rather
long, triquetral, the base compressed, inflated, nigro-fuscous, sub-
pruinose, with the base fuscous (male), or luteous, with the dorsal
middle fuscous, and the incisures nigro-fuscous (female); vulvar
lamina triangular, excavated ; wings hyaline, the extreme base of
the posterior ones fulvescent; pterostigma larger, yellow; mem-
branule black; twelve antecubitals; ten postcubitals; three dis-
coidal areolets.

Length 38 millim, Alar expanse 62 millim. Pterostigma 4
millim.

Hab. Island of St. Thomas; Minas Geraes, Brazil.

20. D. abjecta!
Libellula abjecta Ramb.! Neuropt. 83, 73.

Brownish-black ; mouth fuscous, front chalybeous above; thorax
nigro-fuscous; feet black; abdomen slender, triquetral, the base
hardly inflated, nigro-fuscous, pruinose; appendages fuscous; vul-
var lamina triangular, erect, excavated; wings hyaline, the ex-
treme base of the posterior ones fuscous; pterostigma large,
yellow; membranule black; eleven antecubitals; seven post-
cubitals; three discoidal areolets.

Length 38 millim. Alar expanse 58 millim. Pterostigma 3}
millim. :

Hab. Cuba; Venezuela; Brazil.

In specimens from Cuba, the basal spot of the posterior wings
is wanting, or almost wanting, but they are not different. WD.
abjecta is similar to the preceding species, but the posterior lobe
of the prothorax is small: does it belong to this genus? It may
be an Lrythemis ?

PERITHEMIS. 185

21. D. imbuta.
Libellula imbuta Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 32.

&. Abdomen red, the segments black at apex; thorax green ;
vertex chalybeous.

2. Abdomen greenish, segments black at the apex.

Hab. Island of Sanipuxten, coast of Maryland. (From the
description of Say.) It is entirely unknown to me.

PERITHEMIS Hacen.

Hyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the pro-
thorax large, broad, bilobed; abdomen much shorter than the
wings, broad, depressed, narrower at base; legs moderate, slender;
the first sector of the triangle hardly sinuated ; triangle moderate,
broad; caudal appendages short; genital organs not prominent;
vulva obtected; sides of the eighth segment of the female not
dilated.

1. P. domitia!
Libellula domitia Drury, Ins. II, 83; pl. xlv, fig. 4. Burm. Handb. II,
855,40. Ramb.! Neuropt. 124, 132.

Var. 1. Libellula tenuicincta Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII,
31,21 (¢). Lrbellula tenera Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 31,
20(2). Lxbellula chlora Ramb.! Neuropt. 125, 133. Lrbellula
metella Selys, Poey Ins. Cuba, 451. :

Var. 2. Libellula tris Hagen.

Flavescent, villose; the sides of the thorax similarly colored:
dorsum of the abdomen, with an interrupted, brownish-black line
each side; feet flavescent; wings flavescent (¢), or the basal half
flavescent, with two fuscous, transverse stripes, the internal one of
which is often almost absent (); pterostigma rufo-fuscous; mem-
branule cinereous.

Var. 1. Sides of the thorax fuscous, two interrupted yellow
lines each side; all the wings of the male, with a basal, fuscous
point.

Var, 2. Sides of the thorax of the same color with the remainder
of the body ; the wings hyaline, subflavescent, the anterior margin
yellow ; posterior wings of the female, with a fuscous nebula at the

186 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

apex; seven antecubitals; five postcubitals; two discoidal are-
olets.

Length 23 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim. Pterostigma 2
millim.

Hab. Maryland; New Jersey; Bay of Campeachy; Cuba;
Venezuela; Bahia, St. Leopold, Brazil.

Var. 1. Indiana, Pennsylvania, Miaiddelihsaa New York,
Louisiana; Matamoras, Mexico; Atlihauzan (Saussure). ,

Var, 2. Mexico, Alvarado; Brazil.

I saw in the collection of Schneider, Uracis fastigiata Burm.,
from Mexico; the habitat is perhaps erroneous; it is a meridional
species.

NANNOPHYA Rams.

Hyes connected in a short space; posterior lobe of the pro-
thorax entire; abdomen shorter than the wings, slender, triquetral ;
the appendages short; genital organs not prominent; reticulation
of the wings large and simple; the triangle large, broad; the first
sector of the triangle sinuated.

l. N. bella!
Nannophya bella Uhler! Proc. Acad. Philad. 1857, 87, 1.

?. Black; mouth black, front and epistoma white, the former
with a large quadrangular, black spot, labrum black ; vertex chaly-
beous; thorax black, dorsum each side with an interrupted, yel-
low line; sides with two oblique stripes and a triangular patch
behind, interrupted, yellow; abdomen black, the base, a band at
the base of segments 3 and 4, a spot at the base of 5—7, that upon
7 almost obsolete, minute, and the dorsum of the last segment,
yellow, segments 8—9 entirely black ; feet black; appendages yel-
low; vulvar lamina large, reaching to the tip of the last segment,
triangular, excavated ; wings hyaline, fulvous at base; pterostigma
small, black; 6—7 antecubitals; 5—6 postcubitals; one discoidal
areolet, then two.

Length 18 millim. Alar expanse 32 millim. Pterostigma 17
millim.

fg. Black, pruinose; mouth black, front white, with a quad-:
rangular black spot inferiorly ; vertex chalybeous; thorax and
abdomen black, very pruinose; feet black (apex of the abdomen

SIALIS. 187

destroyed); wings hyaline; pterostigma small, black, terminated
with a white nervule at each end; membranule white ; seven ante-
cubitals ; five postcubitals; one discoidal areolet, then two.
Length 18? millim. Alar expanse 30 millim. Pterostigma 1
millim. |
Hab. North America (Vienna Museum); Baltimore and New
Jersey (Uhler); Maine (Packard); Connecticut (Norton).

2. N. maculosa!
Nannophya maculosa Hagen !

Fuscous; mouth black, nasus white, front chalybeous, each side
with a white spot; thorax fuscous, each of the sides with obsolete,
yellow spots; feet black ; abdomen brownish-black, segments each
side with a triangular, yellow spot, the three apical segments
brownish-black; appendages white; wings hyaline, base of the
posteriors fulvo-fuscous; pterostigma small, yellow; membranule
white. (Male.) Hight antecubital veins; five postcubitals; one
discoidal areolet; two at the triangle.

Length 20 millim. Alar expanse 31 millim. Pterostigma 14
millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

Section II]. NEUROPTERA. Enricu.

Fam. VII. SIALINA.

Body short, thick; prothorax large; antennez long, seti-

form; wings large, reticulated, posterior ones with the anal
space plicated; tarsi 5-articulate. The larva with a mandi-
bulated mouth.

SIALIS LATREILLE.

Prothorax quadrangular, almost equal to the head; no ocelli;
antenne filiform; the wings irregularly reticulated, the veins stout;
the fourth article of the tarsi dilated, bilobed.

The larva is aquatic; with lateral branchie.

188 _ NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. S. infumata!
Sialis infumatus Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 500; Walk. Catal. 195, 2.

Black, head not narrowed posteriorly, a little narrower than the
prothorax, the occiput with flat streaks and spots, which are fer-
ruginous and somewhat shining; antenne rather slender; anterior
angles of the prothorax rounded, the sides with impressed points ;
feet black; wings black, the veins thick and blacker. |

Length to tip of wings 12—15 millim. Alar expanse 22—26
millim. |

Hab. Arctic America (Richardson); Nova Scotia (Redman);
St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barnston); Tren-
ton Falls, New York; Washington, in May (Osten Sacken); Bal-
timore, Maryland; Pennsylvania (Uhler).

A variety has the head spotted beneath with yellow; or the pro-
thorax spotted with black: is it a different species ?

2. S. americana! .
Semblis americanus Ramb.!’ Neuropt. 447, 1.—WSialis ferrugineus Walk. !
Catal. 195, 3.

Ferruginous; head narrower behind, occiput with streaks and
spots, which are flat, somewhat shining, and surrounded with black ;
prothorax a little narrower, the anterior angles square, the sides
with yellowish, impressed punctures; antennee black; feet fuscous,
femora ferruginous; wings pale ferruginous, the veins darker ferru-
ginous.

Length to tip of wings 12—14 millim. Alar expanse 24—26
millim. -

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); Pennsylvania.

3. S. bifasciata !
Sialis bifasciata Hagen !

Ferruginous; head not narrowed posteriorly, orange-colored,
two broad black stripes, the occiput with flat streaks and spots,
which are somewhat shining, orange ; antenne stout, black, pilose;
anterior angles of the thorax obtuse, orange, each side with a broad,
fuscous stripe and flat points, somewhat shining, orange; feet fus-
cous, femora yellowish, with the base fuscous; wings pale fuscous,
somewhat shining, anterior ones obscurer upon the costal margin,
the veins pale fuscous.

CHAULIODES, 189

Length to tip of wings 10—12 millim. Alar expanse 17—20
millim.
Hab. Cuba (Poey).

CHAULIODES LatREILLE.

Prothorax quadrangular, almost equal to the head; three ap-
proximate ocelli; antenne pectinated or serrated; wings yeiny, the
transverse veins slender; articles of the tarsi cylindrical; caudal
appendages of the male conical, simple.

The larva is unknown; perhaps it is aquatic.

1. Ch. pectinicornis!

Hemerobius pectinicornis Linné, Amoen. Acad. VI, 412. Linné, Centur.
Ins. 1763, 29, 87. Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. XII, 911, 1; ed. XIII, vol.
V, 2638,1. Fab. Syst. Ent. 309,1. De Geer, Mém. III, 562, 2; tab.
xxvii, fig. 3. Drury, Ins. I, 105; tab. xlvi, fig. 3.—Semblis pectini-
cornis Fab. Sp. Ins. I, 386, 1. Mant. Ins. I, 244,1. Entom. Syst.
Il, 72, 1.— Chauliodes pectinicornis Latr. Gen. Crust. III, 198. Burm.!
Handb. II, 950, 2. Cuv. Icon. Regn. Anim. Masson. tab. cv, fig. 2.
Ramb.! Neuropt. 444, 1. Walk.! Catal. 198, 1.—Hermes indecisus
Walker! Catal. 204, 7. (Female.)

Luteo-cinereous ; antenne: fuscous, pectinated ; occiput with yel-
lowish flat streaks and spots; prothorax with a middle stripe be-
hind, and another flexuous one each side, yellowish; feet luteous,
tarsi fuscous; the anterior wings subcinereous, obscurely clouded
with fuscous, veins with white interrupted spots; the wings some-
times have rather clearly-defined fuscous transverse streaks. Male
and female.

Length of body 37—55 millim. Alar expanse 58—90 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Wilmington, Delaware; Mas-
sachusetts; Trenton Falls, New York; Berkeley Springs, Virginia
(Osten Sacken); Maryland (Uhler) ; Columbia (collection of Saus-
sure)—is not this an error?

2. Ch. rastricornis !
Chauliodes rastricornis Ramb.! Neuropt. 444, 2. Walk.! Catal. 198, 2.

Luteo-cinereous; antennz fuscous, denticulated ; occiput with
flat black streaks and spots; prothorax posteriorly, with a flexuous
stripe each side, obsolete upon the middle, impressed ; feet luteous,

190 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

tarsi fuscous ; anterior wings subcinereous, obscurely clouded with
fuscous, veins interruptedly white. Female.
Length of body 35—46 millim. Alar expanse 64—80 millim.
Hab. Savannah; South Carolina (Zimmerman).

3. Ch. californicus !
Chauliodes californicus Walker! Catal. 199, 4.—Hermes dubitatus Walker!
Catal. 204, 6. Female.

Brownish-black ; mouth rufous; antenne serrate ? (almost alto-
gether mutilated); occiput with rufous, somewhat shining, flat
streaks and spots; prothorax each side posteriorly with a flexuous,
obsolete, rufous stripe, elevated and more obsolete in the middle ;
feet black ; anterior wings cinereous, the longitudinal veins trans-
versely lineated with fuscous; a basal, brownish-black streak, and
sometimes apical ones upon the costal margin of all the wings.

Length to tip of wings 45—60 millim. Alar expanse 70—100
millim.

Hab. California (Hartweg).

4. Ch. virginiensis.

Chauliodes virginiensis Westw. ed. Drury, I, 105; tab. xlvi, fig. 3.—
Hemerobius virginiensis Drury, Ill. Il, App.—Hemerobius pectinicornis
Palisot Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Amer. Neuropt. tab. i, fig. 2; Walk.
Catal. 200, 6. ,

Head and thorax black, pointed with fulvous; wings broad,
hyaline, the veins pointed with black. (From the description of
Walker.)

Alar expanse 72 millim.

flab. Virginia.

Unknown to me; is it a distinct species? I cannot examine
the authority reported by Mr. Westwood: I saw the identical
specimen figured by Palisot Beauv., in the collection of De Selys
Longchamps ; it differs a little from Ch. pectinicornis Linn. ; but
I neglected to make a more complete description of it.

5. Ch. serricornis !
Chauliodes serricornis Say, Long’s Exped. II, Append. 307.

Fuscous; head rufous, the disk fuscous, the occiput with flat

rufous streaks ; antenne black, serrate; prothorax each side with
an impressed, rufous spot; feet luteo-fuscous, the tarsi obscurer ;

CHAULIODES. 191

wings nigro-fuscous, the longitudinal veins obscure, marked with
black; anterior wings with a broad, white band, pointed with
fuscous, not attaining the posterior margin, an apical marginal
spot, and some of the transverse veins with white spots; posterior
wings with a broad, arcuated band, not attaining the posterior
margin, and a larger anal spot, also an apical small spot, and
sometimes the transverse veins spotted, white.

Length to tip of wings 40 millim. Alar expanse 66 millim.

Hab. Arkansas (Nuttall); Pennsylvania; Missouri; Lake of the
Woods (Bigsby); Red River of Lake Winnipeg, always rare
(Say); New York (collection of Hagen); Maryland (Uhler) ;
Mexico (Muehlenpfordt).

The Mexican specimen has a narrower band, and none to the
posterior wings.

6. Ch. maculatus !

Neuromus maculatus Ramb.! Neuropt. 442, 3, tab. x, fig. 2; Walker!
Catal. 202, 1.—Chauliodes serricornis Burm.! Handb. II, 949, 1.

Black ; occiput with flat, ferruginous streaks and spots; antenne
black, serrate; thorax fuscous, impressed each side; feet nigro-
fuscous ; wings black, a transverse interrupted, middle line, dilated
at the anterior margin, but not attaining the posterior margin,
and some apical spots, white.

Length to tip of wings 30—36 millim. Alar expanse 45—55
millim.

Hab. Philadelphia; Savannah; Massachusetts (Scudder);
Maryland (Uhler). ;

I saw a male from Massachusetts, communicated to me by Mr.
Uhler under the name of Ch. unifasciatus, which differs a little ;
the occipital streaks are black; a band on the anterior wings
broader, white, not attaining the margin, and with one apical
point. Is it a distinct species ?

7. Ch. angusticollis !
Chauliodes angusticollis Hagen !

Fusco-testaceous ; antennee of the male nodulose, erectly-villose,
of the female moniliform; occiput with flat, fulvous streaks and
spots; prothorax narrow, a middle stripe posteriorly, and each
side a lateral one, fulvous; feet fuscous; wings gray, confertly

192 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

marked with brownish-black points ; appendages of the male stout,
oblique, obtuse. (¢ and 9).

Length to tip of wings 35—42 millim. Alar expanse 60—70
millim.

Hab. Dalton, Georgia; Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten
Sacken) ; Northern Illinois (Robt. Kennicott).

CORYDALIS LATREILLE.

Prothorax quadrangular, much narrower than the head; three
large, approximate ocelli; antenne filiform; mandibles of the
male often extremely long, incurved; wings numerously veined ;
the transverse veins stout; appendages of the male forcipated ;
tarsi cylindrical.

The larva is aquatic, furnished with abdominal branchie.

l. C. cornuta!

Raphidia cornuta Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. XII, 916, 3.—Hemerobius cornutus
Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. X, 551,14; De Geer, Mém. III, 559,1; tab.
xxvii, fig. 1; Fab. Sp. Ins. I, 392, 1; Mant. Ins. I, 246, 1; Entom.
Syst. II, 81,1; Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. XIII. V, 2639,20.— Corydalis
cornuta Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. III, 199,1; Palisot Beauv. Ins.
Neuropt. tab. i, fig. 1; Oliv. Enc. Meth. VII, 59; Burm.! Handb.
II, 950,15; Cuvier, Icon. Regn. Anim. ed. Masson. tab. civ.— Corydalus
cornutus Haldem. Journ. Acad. Boston, 1848, 158; tab. i—iii.

Luteo-fuscous; mandibles of the male elongated; head large,
broad, the sides convex ; the occiput with impressed, yellow spots
and streaks, which are surrounded with fuscous; beneath, each
side, with an oblique yellow stripe; prothorax much narrower
than the head, a little longer than broad, behind in the middle,
with a hastiform streak, and each side with irregular, elevated, flat
points, yellow; feet lurid, the knees, and the apex and incisures
of the tarsi fuscous; the males have four appendages, the superior
ones forcipated, infracted at the apex, dolabrate; wings subcinereo-
hyaline, the veins fuscous, middle of the transverse ones, on the
anterior row of costal spaces, pale, the areoles each with two white
dots; those of the disk with white points.

Length to tip of wings 75 millim. Alar expanse 100—135
millim,

Hab. Canada; Pennsylvania; New York; Madrid; Carolina;
Northern Illinois (Kennicott) ; Maryland (Uhler).

CORYDALIS. 193

2. C. lutea!
Corydalis lutea Hagen! Z

Luteous; mandibles impressed at base superiorly, transversely
suleated, of the male a little elongated; head large, broad, ferru-
vinous, the sides convex; the occiput with obsolete, luteous spots;
prothorax much narrower than the head, longer than broad, each
side of the middle obsoletely impressed, luteous spots behind and
at the sides; feet lurid, base of the tibie, base and apex of the
first and second articles of the tarsi, and the other articles entirely
nigro-fuscous; male with four appendages, the superior ones
cylindrical, long, oblique, truncated at the apex; the inferior ones
recurved at the apex, clavate; wings luteo-hyaline, veins luteons,
partly fuscous, with a few white points. (¢ and 2°.)

Length of body 70—85 millim. Alar expanse 110—140 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Sallé); Cordova (Saussure).

3. C. cognata!
Corydalis cognata Hagen !

Luteous-yellow; male with elongated mandibles; head large,
broad, the sides convex; the occiput behind with two punctate’
ochraceous streaks and a few obsolete points; prothorax almost
quadrangular, a little narrower than the head, behind with a hasti-
form streak upon the middle, and lateral, elevated ochraceous
points; feet lurid, apex of the tarsi obscurer, nails fuscous; wings
yellowish-hyaline, the transverse veins fuscous; upon the base and
apex of the costal space, a fuscous mark; costal areoles with a
single white point, the other areoles with a series of white points,
at the radius clouded with fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 60 millim. Alar expanse 100 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope’s Expedition).

4. C. soror!
Corydalis soror Hagen !

Luteous; mandibles of the male not elongated; head broad, de-
pressed, the sides flat, with an alate, bidentate process; a fuscous
stripe each side; antenne short, slender, black, the two basal arti-
cles yellowish; prothorax narrower than the head, longer than
broad, each side with a fuscous, trifoveolated stripe; feet lurid, the
knees and apex of the tarsi obscurer; appendages of the male four,

194 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

_the superior ones forcipated, clavate at the apex, the inferior ap-
pendages extremely short, cylindrical; wings luteo-subhyaline, an
obsolete band upon the middle of the anterior ones, and some spots
nearer the apex, fuscous; veins fuscous, luteous upon the middle
of the costal space. (¢ and 9.) .

Length to tip of wings 60—75 millim. Alar expanse 85—130
millim.

Hab. Mexico (Koppe); Cordova (Saussure).

5. C. hieroglyphica!
Neuromus hieroglyphicus Ramb.! Neuropt. 442, 2. Hermes hieroglyphicus
Walk.! Catal. 206, 12.

Pale yellow; mandibles of the male not elongated; antennz
black, with the base yellow; head with the sides convex; pro-
thorax cylindrical; occiput with two spots, prothorax with four,
and the mesothorax with two spots, black; appendages of the
male, the superior ones longer, with the apex recurved; the infe-
rior ones stout, with the apex clavated; feet yellow, base and apex
of the tibize, and apex of the tarsi black; wings yellowish-hyaline,
the transverse veins in part black; the anterior wings spotted with
black posteriorly.

Length to tip of wings 40—63 millim. Alar expanse 64—90
millim.

Hab. Mexico (Ehrenberg); Venezuela; Brazil.

It varies very much in size and es sometimes it is almost
unicolored, pale yellow.

RAPHIDIA Linné.

Prothorax cylindrical, long, much narrower than the head; an-
tenne short, filiform; wings with a pterostigma; anal space of the
posterior wings very small, inflexed; the third article of the tarsi
dilated, bilobed; the fourth article extremely short, cylindrical ;
vagina of the female long, ensiform.

Larva living under bark.

+ Three ocelli.

RAPHIDIA. 195

1. Raph. adnixa!
Raphidia adniza Hagen !

Rufous; head brownish-black, scabrous, long, sensibly narrowed
behind, the occiput with a flat streak; antenne rufous, the apex
fuscous; prothorax long, narrow, rufous; feet rufous; abdomen
rufous, the ventral segments having the posterior margin black ;
wings hyaline, veins fuscous ; pterostigma long, narrow, trapezoid,
occupying two areolets, yellow; subpterostigmatical areole almost
one-half longer within, truncated ; outer equal, broken; a series
of five areoles beneath the pterostigma. (/ and 9.)

Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

- Hab. California; Oregon (Willcox, Berlin Museum).

A female from Oregon has the dorsal base of the prothorax
blackish-brown, with a trifid rufous spot; the colors of the male
are not perfected.

2. Raph. oblita!
Raphidia oblita Hagen! ’

Fusco-aeneous; head scabrous, shorter, posteriorly suddenly
compressed, occiput with a flat streak; antenne with the basal
article nigro-fuscous, second yellowish, the rest —? prothorax
short, rufo-fuscous, upon the dorsal middle posteriorly, a large,
ovate, nigro-fuscous spot; feet rufo-fuscous ; abdomen brassy-black,
the ventral segments having the posterior margin yellow; wings
hyaline, veins fulvous; pterostigma long (shorter than in Raph.
adnixa), narrow, trapezoidal, occupying two areolets, yellow; sub-
pterostigmatical areole almost one-half longer within, truncated,
outwards equal, truncated; a series of five areolets beneath the
pterostigma.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab. California.

3. Raph. media!.
Raphidia media Burm. Handb. Il, 964, 3. Schneider! Monogr. 76, 4.
(With the synonymy.)

Brownish-black; head obovate, the sides rounded, mouth yellow;
neck short; vertex punctured, with a flat rufous streak; base of
the antenne yellow; prothorax black; feet testaceous, base of the
anterior femora, and the whole of the posterior ones black; abdo-
men black; wings yellowish-hyaline, especially at base; veins fus-

196 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

cous; pterostigma trapezoidal, luteo-fuscous, occupying three are-
olets, with an internal hyaline spot; subpterostigmatical areolet
exteriorly almost equal, interiorly one-half longer; five areolets
beneath the pterostigma. |

Length to tip of wings 19 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. North America (Knoch, Berlin Museum. One female).
It is a common species in Europe.

+ + Ocelli wanting. (Jnocellia Schneider.)

4, Raph. inflata!

Raphidia inflata Hagen !

Fusco-aeneous; head quadrangular, the disk impressed, opaque;
base of the mandibles, two broad approximate streaks, and three
occipital spots each side, fulvous; prothorax short, conical, two
arcuated, transverse ruge; feet lurid, femora above, and the apex
of the tibie fuscous; abdomen black, middle beneath yellow; pos-
terior margin of the dorsal segments pointed with yellow; vagina
black; wings hyaline, veins black; pterostigma short, almost ob-
long, the exterior side a little oblique, occupying one areolet, black;
subpterostigmatical areolet equal within, longer without; a series
of three areolets beneath the pterostigma.

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 24 millim.

Hab. California.

Fam. VIII. HEMEROBINA.

Body usually cylindrical, narrow; wings large, numerously
veined, the posterior ones with no anal space; tarsi with five
articles; ocelli commonly absent.

Larva with a haustellate mouth.

ALEURONIA Firtcu.

Covered with whitish powder; eyes reniform; antenne monili-
form; wings ciliated, longitudinal veins few, transverse ones almost
absent. |
l. A. westwoodii.

Aleuronia westwoodit Asa Fitch, Report I, 98.

Covered with whitish powder; black, head depressed ariteriorly,
antenne with 28 articles, shorter than the body, moniliform, black,

CONIOPTERYX—SISYRA. 197

not powdered; abdomen yellowish; feet pale; wings broad, the
apex rounded, the anterior ones with six longitudinal veins, two
of them forked; posterior ones with five longitudinal veins, the
second and third joined together by a transverse vein; wings cili-
ated at the apex and posteriorly. (From the description of Dr.
Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 23 millim.

Hab. United States, in June and July.

CONIOPTERYX Hatipay.
Powdered with whitish, eyes globose, antenne moniliform; wings
not ciliated, longitudinal veins few, some transverse veins; poste-
rior wings of the male small.

C. vicina !

Coniopteryx vicina Hagen!

Covered with grayish powder; black, head rounded, antenne —?
feet lurid; wings broader at the apex, rounded, eight longitudinal
veins, three and four forked, all joined together by a single trans-
verse vein.

Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Alar expanse 6 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken). The only specimen seen is
mutilated.

SISYRA Borm.

Antenne moniliform; subcosta and radius of the wings joined
together at the apex; costal space of the base of the anterior
wings with no recurrent vein; transverse veins almost absent.

Larva aquatic.

S. vicaria.
Hemerobius vicarius Walk. Catal. 297, 65.

Ferruginous, antenne pale, abdomen obscurer, feet testaceous ;
wings fuscous, the anterior ones obscurer. (From the description
of Walker.) |

Length to tip of wings 5? millim. Alar expanse 9 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

198 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

MEGALOMUS Ramsvr.

Antenne moniliform; wings with the subcosta and radius joined
together at the apex, the costal space of the anterior wings strongly
dilated, with a forked, recurrent vein; transverse veins in a grada-
tive series; the last article of the maxillary palpi subulate.

M. pictus !
Megalomus pictus Hagen !

Fuscous, hairy, face fusco-aeneous, palpi luteous; occiput fus-
cous, varied with black; antenne luteous, the first article entirely,
and the apex of the second, brownish-black ; dorsum of the pro-
and mesothorax blackish-fuscous; feet and abdomen luteous;
wings broad, the apex obtuse, luteo-hyaline; the anterior wings
with three gradate series of veins, the second series of which is
fuscous; veins luteous, all pointed with fuscous, some larger points
at the anterior and posterior margins, at the radius and at the ex-
ternal series of gradate veins; posterior wings yellow-hyaline,
clouded with cinereous at the anterior margin and before the apex.

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 15 millim.

Hab, Mexico (Deppe).

MICROMUS Rampvr.

: .

Antenne moniliform; wings with the subcosta and radius joined
together at the apex; costal space of the anterior wings narrowed
at base, no recurrent vein, transverse series gradate; last article

of the maxillary palpi not subulate.

* Wings excised at the apex.

1. M. flavicornis !
Hemerobius flavicornis Walk. Catal. 278, 4.

Luteous, ciliated; head and thorax luteous, pointed with fus-
cous, antenne yellow; abdomen piceous, with two cylindrical
appendages (male ?); feet pale, with long pile, freckled with nu-
merous fuscous points; apex of the wings excised, hamate, pilose,
hyaline, a little clouded with fuscous ; pterostigma yellow, fuscous
at each side, apical margin of the anterior wings fuscescent; veins
white, thickly pointed with brown; transverse veins of the costal

MICROMUS. 199

space forked; six sectors; the discoidal series of veins six-gradate,
the four iteridediate ones joined together ; posterior wings as
a fuscous point at the posterior margin.
Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.
flab. Washington (Osten Sacken) ; Georgia (Abbot).

2. M. hamatus.
Hemerobius hamatus Walk. Catal. 278, 5.

Testaceous; antenne yellowish, feet pales wings subhyaline,
sprinkled with fuscous, the apex excised, subhamate. (From the
description of Walker.) It is similar to the preceding, but the
costal space is narrower.

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.

flab. North America.

* * Apex of the wings rounded.

3. M. areolaris!

Micromus areolaris Hagen!

Yellowish; head rufous, antenne black, thorax fuscous; feet
yellow; apex of the wings ovate, yellow-hyaline, veins sparingly
pilose, partly yellow, fuscous upon the disk and posterior margin,
areoles of the last-named areas streaked with fuscous; two series
of areolets, four-gradate, infracted ; pterostigma yellow, each side
fuscous ; posterior wings yellow-hyaline; (reticulation irregular.)

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Alar expanse 11 millim.

Hab. Florida, in March (Osten Sacken.)

4. M. insipidus!
Micromus insipidus Hagen!

Luteous; sparely pilose, head and thorax varied with fuscous,
antenne pale; abdomen luteous; feet pale, anterior tibicee with
two fuscous bands; wings hyaline, anterior ones’obsoletely striated
with fuscous; veins pale, with fuscous interruptions; four sectors ;
two series, 6 and 4 gradate, infracted.

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim.

Hab. New York; Philadelphia.

5. M. sobrius!

Micromus sobrius Hagen !

Pale; sparely pilose; antennz whitish-yellow, the apex obscurer;

200 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

head and thorax pale luteous; feet pale, white; wings whitish-
hyaline, the anterior ones marmorated with fuscous; veins white,
sparely interrupted with fuscous; gradate veins 6 and 4 brownish-
black.
Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 17 millim.
flab. Chicago (Osten Sacken).

HEMEROBIUS Linné.

Antenne moniliform, wings with the subcosta and radius joined
together at the apex ; costal space of the anterior wings broader
at base, with a recurrent, forked vein; transverse series gradate,
broken; maxillary palpi with the last article subulate.

+ One sector.

l. H. longicollis.
Hemerobius longicollis Walk. Catal. 281, 12.

~ Piceous, hairy; head ferruginous, antenne luteous, a little
longer than the body; prothorax much longer than broad, nar-
rower anteriorly ; tricarinated; feet testaceous; wings subcine-
reous, the anterior ones obsoletely clouded with fuscous; ptero-
stigma lurid; transverse costal veins few, radius widely distant
from the subcosta; one trifurcated sector; first gradate series
interrupted, second almost absent; posterior wings short, pale.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot). An irregular species; it seems to be
allied to Micromus areolaris.

+ + Two sectors.

2. H. amiculus.

Hemerobius amiculus Asa Fitch, Report I, 95.

Fuscous; antenne yellowish, feet whitish; wings hyaline, irregu-
larly clouded and spotted with fuscous; margin of the anterior
wings pointed with black; veins fuscous pointed with black; gra-
date series banded with fuscous; posterior wings pale. (From the
description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 7? millim. Alar expanse 12 millim.

HEMEROBIUS. 201

Hab. New York; Illinois; May to October (Asa Fitch). On
peach trees and wild shrubs.

3. H. occidentalis. .

Hemerobius occidentalis Asa Fitch, Report 1,95:

Blackish; antenne shorter than the body, black; feet pale; wings
hyaline, the areoles with two obscure parallel lines; margin obscure;
veins stout, black, transverse veins almost as in the preceding spe-
cies. (From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 5? millim. Alar expanse 8 millim. |
Hab. Henderson River, Illinois; October (Asa Fitch). (Wash-
ington, June. The antenne of this specimen, ¢?, are longer than
the body, and their basal third only, black, the remainder pale.

Osten Sacken. )

Schioedte Berlin, Ent. Zeit. III, p. 143, reports Hemerobius
obscurus Zett. Ins. Lapp. 1063, 12, from Greenland; I have not
seen the specimens, nor is that species known to me.

4. H. delicatulus.

Hemerobius delicatulus Fitch, Report I, 96.

Obscure yellow; antenne longer than the body, fuscous; feet
pale; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, pointed obscurely ; single gra-
date series banded with fuscous. (From the description of Dr.
Fitch.) .

Length to tip of wings 6? millim. Alar expanse 10 millim.

Hab, Illinois; October (Asa Fitch).

+ + + Three sectors.

5. H. alternatus.

Hemerobius alternatus Fitch, Report I, 93.

White or yellowish; varied with fuscous, with fulvous pile; head
in front and thorax each side with a blackish-fuscous stripe; abdo-
men whitish, each side with a longitudinal white stripe, which is
margined above with a series of brown points, and below by a
brown line; wings hyaline, iridescent, veins interrupted black and
white; gradate series black, stout, marked with fuliginous; poste-
rior wings pale, sparingly marked with black. (From the descrip-
tion of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 11? millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.

Hab, New York; June (Asa Fitch). Upon pine and hemlock
bushes.

202 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

6. H. stigmaterus.
Hemerobius stigmaterus Fitch, Report I, 93.

Luteous ; head and antennz luteous, feet pale; thorax and ab-
domen fuscous; wings hyaline, anterior ones with black veins, which
are banded with white; areoles fumose, with hyaline points; ptero-
stigma fulvous; two gradate series, black. (From the description
of Dr. Fitch.)

Var. Apex of the abdomen yellowish, or with a pale lateral
streak,

Length to tip of wings 8—10 millim. Alar expanse 15—18 mil-
lim. |

Hab. North America, Northern and Western States; common
from March to October (Asa Fitch).

7. H. castaneae.
Hemerobius castaneae Fitch, Report I, 94.

Whitish ; head with a spot beneath each eye, thorax each side
with a stripe, and the abdomen with lateral spots, fuscous; wings
hyaline, the margin a little dusky; veins whitish, interruptedly
black, two gradate series black; a basal larger spot, another smaller,
and the bases of the series of discoidal veins black.

The color of the veins often varies; they are sometimes either
black, fuscous, or with fulvous interruptions; sometimes deep black,
and the discoidal spots are confluent into a vitta. (From the de-
scription of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim.

Hab. Northern and Northwestern States, everywhere common,

from April to October (Asa Fitch). Upon chestnut, walnut, and
other trees.

8. H. tutatrix!
Hemerobius tutatrix Fitch, Report I, 94.

Yellow; head each side with an external fascia beneath the eyes;
thorax each side with three spots, which sometimes are confluent,
forming a stripe, fuscous; antenne a little annulated with fuscous;
feet yellowish; wings hyaline, veins whitish, interrupted with fus-
cous, V-shaped clouds of a fuscous color upon the areoles, having
the angle on the fuscous interruptions, and the open side towards
the apex of the wing; two series of transverse nervures, 7 and 6
gradate, black; a black point at base.

HEMEROBIUS. 203

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.
Hab. New York, September (Asa Fitch), upon apple trees;
Washington, June (Osten Sacken); California.

9. H. conjunctus.
Hemerobius conjunctus Fitch, Report I, 94.

Wings hyaline, the margin infuscated; veins white, interrupted
with black, and banded ; gradate veins, the two internal ones ex-
cepted, banded with fuscous, a black point at the base of the dis-
coidal veins; posterior wings immaculate. The spots of the wings
are almost as in #. alternatus, but the margin is immaculate.
(From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.

Hab. New York, May (Asa Fitch), upon pine bushes.

10. H. pinidumus.
Hemerobius pinidumus Fitch, Report, I, 95.

Yellowish; sides of the thorax fuscous; wings hyaline, a little
fumose, the margin with fuscous points; veins white, interrupted
with fuscous; gradate series black, clouded with fuscous; three or
four of the gradate veins forming a maculose band across the disk ;
similar to H/. tutatrix, differing in the basal reticulation. (From
the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 12 millim.

Hab. New York, May to July; common (Asa Fitch) upon pine
bushes.

ll. H. hyalinatus.
Hemerobius hyalinatus Fitch, Report, I, 95.

Similar to the preceding, perhaps a variety of it; wings more
hyaline, veins finely interrupted with fuscous; gradate veins un-
colored, not banded with fuscous; reticulation a little different.
(From the description of Asa Fitch.) —

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 12 millim.

Hab. New York, May to July (Asa Fitch); upon pine bushes.

12. H. subanticus.
Hemerobius subanticus Walk. Catal. 282, 13.

Ferruginous; head testaceous in front; antenne paler; feet tes-

204 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

taceous; wings sublurid, narrow, veins testaceous, dotted with fus-
cous, two interrupted, fuscous gradate series, which are clouded
with fuscous; sectors of the radius 1 and 2 bifurcated, 3 unifurcated.
(From the description of Walker.) ,
Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Alar expanse 11 millim.
Hab. St. John’s Bluff, Hast Florida (Doubleday).

13. H. posticus.
Hemerobius posticus Walk. Catal. 283, 15.

Ferruginous; head paler; antenne testaceous, longer than the
body; wings subhyaline, the anterior ones clouded with fuscous,
especially at the apex and posterior margin; veins pale testaceous,
interrupted with fuscous; two complete series of gradate veinlets,
which are fuscous, and clouded with fuscous; three bifurcate sec-
tors; posterior wings with two complete series of gradate veinlets,
the internal one of which is fuscous, and clouded with fuscous.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 14—16 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

14. H. citrinus!

Hemerobius citrinus Hagen!

Yellow; occiput each side, and the sides of the prothorax, fus-
cous; feet yellow; wings yellow-hyaline, veins yellow, pointed with
fuscous; gradate veins (6 and 5) yellow.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim.

Hab. North America (Knoch; Berlin Museum).

15. H. simulans.
Hemerobius simulans Walk. Catal. 285, 22.

Piceous; head ferruginous; antennz piceous, ferruginous at
base; prothorax short, broad; feet testaceous; wings cinereous,
the anterior ones clouded with fuscous, veins black; two gradate
series almost contiguous, banded with fuscous; sector 1 unifurcated,
sector 2 bifurcated, sector 3 trifurcated. (From the description
of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.

flab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton).

HEMEROBIUS. 205

16. H. marginatus ?
Hemerobius marginatus Walk. Catal. 286, 23.

Pale ochreous; wings white, with the transverse veins, and some
clouds at the internal margin, fuscous ; sectors 1 and 2 unifurcated,
3 quadrifurcated. (From the description of Walker.) I believe
it to be different from the European insect of this name.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman). ,

17. H. humuli?
Hemerobius humuli Walk. Catal. 286, 24.

' Pale ochreous; antenne annulated with fuscous and white; feet
pale; wings hyaline, sparingly pointed with fuscous; sectors 1 and
2 unifurcated, 3 trifurcated. (From the description of Walker.)
I believe it to be different from the European species of this name.

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.
Hiab. Georgia (Abbot).

18. H. crispus ?
Hemerobius crispus Walk. Catal. 288, 31.

Testaceous; sides of the thorax and the abdomen obscurer;
wings opaline, narrow, the anterior ones spotted with fuscous,
transverse veins fuscous; posterior wings immaculate; sectors 1
and 2 unifurcated, 3 trifurcated. (From the description of Wal-
ker.) I believe it to be different from the European species of this
name.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 12 millim.

Hab. North America; Nova Scotia (Redman).

19. H. obliteratus.
Hemerobius obliteratus Walk. Catal. 289, 35.

Testaceous; antenne longer than the body, fuscous, annulated
with whitish, the apex fuscous; the basal article testaceous; feet
pale testaceous; wings subhyaline, the anterior ones hardly clouded
with fuscous; veins testaceous, interrupted with fuscous; gradate
series two, broken, banded with fuscous; sectors 1 and 2 unifur-
cated, 3 trifurcated. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 12 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

206 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

20. H. neglectus!

Hemerobius neglectus Hagen !

Yellow; head and sides of the prothorax fuscous; antennz and
feet pale yellow; wings luteo-fuscous, the anterior ones densely
streaked with whitish-hyaline; veins luteous, pointed with black
and fuscous; 6 and 5 of the gradate veins luteous.

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Ehrenberg; Berlin Museum).

+ si ca t Four sectors.

21. H. longifrons.
Hemerobius longifrons Walk. Catal. 291, 40.

Testaceous, marked with fuscous; antenne longer than the body,
fuscous annulated with pale; abdomen piceous; feet pale testace-
ous; wings cinereous, anterior ones with three oblique, interrupted
fascia, and marginal spots, black; veins pale testaceous, inter-
rupted with black; gradate series two, broken; sector 3 unifur-
cated. (From the description of Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

POLYSTOECHOTES Burm.

Antenne short, moniliform; subcosta and radius of the wings
confluent at the apex; costal space of ‘the anterior wings broader
at base, with a recurrent vein, forked: a gradate series of several
transverse veins; last article of the maxillary palpi truncated.

Larva perhaps aquatic.

1. P. punctatus!

Semblis punctata Fab.! Entom. Syst. II, 73, 4.—Hemerobius nebulosus
Fab. Entom. Syst. Suppl. 202, 1—2.—Hemerobius irroratus Say,
Long’s Exped. IT, 306, 1; Asa Fitch, Report, I, 92.—Polystoechotes
sticticus Burm. Hand. II, 982, 1; Walk. Catal. 231, 1.—Osmylus
validus Walk.! Catal. 233, 3.

Piceous, hairy; mouth testaceous; antenne piceous, with the
base testaceous; head and thorax clothed with gray hair; feet
_ hairy, testaceous, the anterior ones annulated with fuscous, apex
of the tarsal articles fuscous; abdomen piceous, beneath fuscous ;

MANTISPA. 207

wings cinereous, subhyaline, the anterior ones marked with fuscous
upon the margin; veins white, with fuscous interruptions; poste-
rior wings immaculate; sector 1 seventeen-branched.

Length to tip of wings 28—88 millim. Alar expanse 52—76
millim.

Hab. North West Territory; Lake Erie, common (Say); North
Red River (Kennicott); New York, July, rare (Asa Fitch);
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Washington (Osten Sacken); Cali-
fornia; Texas; Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound (Dr. Suckley) ;
Maryland (Uhler). I saw the specimen described by Fabricius in
Bank’s Museum.

2. P. vittatus.
Hemerobius vittatus Say, Long’s Exped. II,.307, 2; Asa Fitch, Report,
I, 92.

Pale yellow; head with a quadrangular black spot between the
eyes; antenne yellowish-red, the base and apex black; thorax
greenish-white, the sides with a black vitta; wings hyaline, pointed
with black; costal veins white, with black interruptions; ptero-
stigma small, whitish; posterior wings almost immaculate, at the
middle of the anterior margin a large orbicular spot, and another
apical, smaller ; feet black, base of the femora, an apical ring upon
the posterior ones, and an apical ring upon the posterior tibia,
pale ; abdomen black, a small, dorsal, pale spot upon the segments.
(From the description of Say.) |

Length to tip of wings 30 millim. Alar expanse 55 millim.

Hab, Pennsylvania, New Jersey (Titian Peale, Say).

MANTISPA ILticer.

Antenne short; prothorax elongated, cylindrical ; anterior feet
stout, raptatorial; wings narrow, subcosta and costa confluent at
the middle of the anterior margin.

1. M. brunnea!

Mantispa brunnea Say, Long’s Exped. II, 309; Amer. Entom. II, tab. xxv;
Erichson, Germar’s Zeitschrift, I, 161, 2; Westwood. Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. ser. 2, I, 253,2; Walk.! Catal. 214, 2.—Mantispa varia Erich.!
Germar’s Zeitschr. I, 161, 3; Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, I, 253,
3; Walker! Catal. 214,3; Hagen! Stettin. Ent. Zeit. XX, 406.

Color very variable; fuscous, varied with black and yellow;

208 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

head fuscous, a transverse streak at the base of the antenne, and
another, occipital, sometimes absent, black; antennz fuscous, base
and extreme apex yellowish; prothorax varying in robustness,
anteriorly broadest, upon the middle transversely rugose, narrower
between the anterior and posterior tubercles, fuscous; with a
broad, transverse, yellow band behind the black anterior margin ;
or with a triangular yellow spot at base, before a black band; or
with the middle also yellow; mesothorax fuscous, or fuscous mar-
gined with yellow; abdomen fuscous or yellow, base above and
beneath black; anterior feet entirely rufo-fuscous, or with the
femora black, tibie black inside, outside sometimes with a longi-
tudinal black stripe; intermediate feet yellowish-red, with the
femora obscure, or yellowish, the femora black, with the apex
yellowish ; tibize behind the base, banded with fuscous; tarsi some-
times (perhaps the other sex) with two broad lamelliform, yellow-
ish lobes, which are rounded at the apex; (I have not seen this
to be the case but in two specimens; types of JZ. brunnea Erich-
son, and of Uhler;) posterior feet the same color as the intermediate
ones, with no lobes; wings fuscous, the posterior half hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 18—34 millim. Alar expanse 30—34
millim.

Hab. North West Territory (Say); N. Illinois (Kennicott) ;
Philadelphia (Say); Georgia (Abbot); St. John’s Bluff, H. Flo-
rida; Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound; Mexico (Deppe); Central
America.

I have seen many specimens; I believe the species of Say and
Erichson not to be different; Mr. Say describes both sexes, but
does not appear to have observed the remarkable lobes of the tarsi.

(The tarsal lobes are not characteristic of sex, but are found
present in both males and females; the membranous character of
these lobes, and their great delicacy seems to render them liable to
disappear, by shrinking or accident; this probably accounts for
their absence in most of the specimens observed by Dr. Hagen; in
a specimen which I examined the one middle tarsus had the lobes
beautifully apparent, while on the opposite tarsus only a vestige
was present; on another tarsus only a white membrane was appa-
rent; when well conditioned, the lobes are obvious upon both the
middle and posterior tarsi. The male has robust, cylindrical, hairy
anal appendages, superiorly, which will abundantly distinguish the
sex. Uhler.)

MANTISPA. 209

2. M. interrupta!
Mantispa interrupta Say, Amer. Entomol. II, tab. xxv; Erichs. Germ.
Zeits. I, 171, 21; Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, I, 255,21; Walk.
Catal. 219, 21.

Yellowish; antenne black, yellow at base; head yellow in front,
with a black line upon the middle; posteriorly black, exteriorly
yellow; a streak upon the middle, and a spot each side, yellow;
prothorax long, slender, tuberculous, yellowish-fuscous; the apical
and basal margin, and a longitudinal dorsal line, black.; mesotho-
rax fuscous, varied with yellow; abdomen fuscous (mutilated) ;
feet yellowish, the anterior femora exteriorly and interiorly striated
with fuscous, tibie and tarsi black; posterior femora interiorly at
base with a fuscous line, intermediate tibiz with a fuscous ring ;
wings hyaline, veins black, subcosta fuscous; pterostigma long,
brownish-black.

Length to tip of wings 23 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia (Say, Uhler); Virginia (Uhler).

This species is very rare; I have seen only one specimen; the
words of Mr. Say, ‘‘ On the submargin is an irregular, quadrate,
dark, fuscous spot, confluent with the carpus,’ do not agree with
my specimen.

(The species varies in sometimes wanting the quadrate brown
spot of the wings; the tarsal lobes are apparent in this species, in
common with the preceding: I have seen a specimen in which the
apical spot of the wings is absent. The abdomen is generally yel-
lowish, with dorsal, triangular, black spots. Uhler.)

3. M. viridis.
Mantispa viridis Walk. Catal. 227, 47.

Green or yellow, with a reddish stripe each side, along the whole
length of the body; face varied with rufous; antenne reddish;
prothorax long, slender, broader anteriorly ; wings hyaline, veins
pale, dotted with black. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 13? millim. Alar expanse 18 millim.

Hab. East Florida.

Walker, Catal. 215, 7, reports IZ. prolixa, from Georgia; I saw
the specimen, but JZ. prolixa Krichson, is a different species. The
locality of Mr. Walker’s species is doubtful.

210 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4. M. moesta!
Mantispa moesta Hagen !

Brownish-black; palpi fuscous; face fuscous, transversely ru-
gose; front depressed, rufous, a spot between the antenne, a black
band posteriorly; antenne fuscous; prothorax dilated anteriorly,
luteous, margined with black; posteriorly narrower, cylindrical,
transversely sulcated; abdomen black, apex of segments 1 and
2 margined with yellow; 3 and 4 polished at base, with very nu-
merous red points; anterior feet black, first article of the tarsi -
exteriorly varied with yellow; posterior femora fuscous, with the
apex yellow, tibiz yellow, with an external fuscous spot; wings
fuscous, shining; twelve discoidal areoles; a gradate vein upon
areoles 6 and 7. (Female.) |

Length to tip of wings 27 millim. Alar expanse 47 millim.

Hab. Tennessee (Saussure).

MELEOMA Fitcu.

A genus not seen by me, allied to Chrysopa, but the bases of

the antenne are distant, and there is an intermediate frontal horn.
(Asa Fitch.)

l. M. signoretii.
Meleoma signoretti Fitch, Report I, 82. .

Yellowish-green, pale, sparingly pilose; between the antenne a
cylindrical horn, which is longer than the basal joint of the an-
tenne, deflexed anteriorly into a lamina, upon the middle of which
is a black tooth; face each side with a fuscous spot, antennez pale
fuscous, the two basal articles green, the first elongated, thicker ;
base of the prothorax elevated ; feet whitish, tarsi yellowish, with
the apex black; apex of the wings a little angulated, hyaline,
pterostigma a little opaque; veins whitish, gradate veins, and
transverse ones of the interior side of the radius, black. (From
the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 15? millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. Mt. Antonio, Rupert, Vermont, July (Asa Fitch).

2. M. longicornis.
Osmylus longicornis Walk. Catal. 235, 8.

Testaceous, somewhat marked with fuscous; antenne longer

CHRYSOPA. 211

than the wings, straw-colored, slender, a little pubescent; feet
straw-colored ; wings hyaline, long, narrow; the anterior ones with
whitish veins, which are interrupted with fuscous; veins of the
posterior wings whitish; fuscous points between the radius and
subcosta. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 22 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.

fab. Georgia (Abbot).

Does it belong to this genus? I saw the specimen, and noted
“that it belonged to Ohrysopa.”

CHRYSOPA LEAcz.

Antenne setiform, long; subcosta and radius of the wings not
conjoined at the apex; the costal space of the anterior wings nar-
row at base, no recurrent vein; transverse veins in gradate, con-
tinuous series; the last article of the maxillary palpi compressed
at the apex, narrowed.

+ Second article of the antenne with a black ring.

1. Ch. oculata!

Chrysopa oculata Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 45; Walk. Catal. 260,
56.—Chrysopa euryptera Burm. Handb. II, 980, 7; Schneider, Mon.
Chrys. 129, 39, tab. xlv.— Chrysopa omikron Fitch, Report I, 85.

Greenish-yellow ; antenne yellowish, the apex obscure, the se-
cond article annulated with black, the first joint with a red, dorsal
spot or annulus; head yellow, bases of the antenne surrounded
with black rings, above upon the middle interrupted with sangui-
neous; sides of the cheeks with a black streak; occiput with four
black points, which are sometimes confluent into two lines; the
anterior spots often conjoined with the rings around the antennae,
each side behind the eyes with a black point; prothorax each side
with three black points, forming two intermediate series, and two
more laterally, also black; wings hyaline, transverse veins of the
anterior ones almost entirely, or in part black.

Length to tip of wings 16—18 millim. Alar expanse 26—30
millim. :

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); United States (Say), extremely common ; common in June
(Asa Fitch); I have seen many specimens; Washington (Osten

212 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Sacken); New York; Savannah, Dalton, Georgia; Pennsylvania;
Virginia (Osten Sacken); Illinois (Kennicott); Maryland (Uhler) ;
New Orleans (Pfeiffer) ;* Tennessee (Saussure).

2. Ch. illepida!
Chrysopa illepida Fitch, Report I, 84.

Very much like the preceding species, but the four occipital
spots are conjoined in two lines; the anterior wings with the trans-
verse veins only of the costa, at their base and apex, the base of —
the second sector, and the gradate veins, black.

Same size as the preceding species. .

Hab. New York; Illinois, June (Asa Fitch); perhaps a variety
of the preceding.

3. Ch. albicornis.
Chrysopa albicornis Fitch, Report I, 84.

Very much like Ch. oculata, the four occipital black points con-
joined in two lines; the basal article of the antenne annulated with
sanguineous, the transverse veinlets of all the wings entirely, or in
part black. (From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Same size as the preceding.

Hab. Mississippi, April (Asa Fitch); perhaps a variety.

4, Ch. chlorophana!

Chrysopa chlorophana Burm. Handb. II, 979, 1; Schneid.! Monog. Chrys.
127, 32, tab. xliv.—Chrysopa xanthocephala Fitch, Report I, 85.

Very much like Ch. ilepida, head having the same picturation,
but differs in the wings being a little viridescent, the apex more
rounded, the pterostigma obscurer, and the cilize of the veins longer.

Same size as preceding.

Hab. New York; Lake Michigan, June (Asa Fitch).

Its appearance is different; but it is difficult to be separated by
distinct marks. Further experience will decide whether the species
of Dr. Fitch can be justly separated from it.

5. Ch. fulvibucca.
Chrysopa fulvibucca Fitch, Report I, 86.

Very much like Ch. oculata, but differs in wanting the external
black streaks of the cheeks; points of the prothorax variable.
(From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

CHRYSOPA. 213

Same size as preceding.
Hab. New York, July and August. Perhaps a variety.

6. Ch. transmarina!
Chrysopa transmarina Hagen!—Ch. chlorophana Walker! Catal. 259, 55.

Similar to Ch. chlorophana, but differs by wanting the two oc-
cipital middle points; two well-defined spots at the eyes anteriorly
and two posteriorly; wings densely and longly ciliated, the trans-
verse veins entirely green, the costal ones hardly black at base.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. La Chine, near Montreal (Barnston); C. St. John, New-
foundland; Nova Scotia (Redman).

7. Ch. mississippiensis.
Chrysopa mississippiensis Fitch, Report I, 86.

Picturation of the head very much like that of the preceding
species, but it differs in size; the wings are rounded at the apex,
all the transverse veins or a part of them black. (From the de-
scription of Dr. Fitch.)

Alar expanse 33 millim.

Hab. Jackson, Mississippi, in April (Asa Fitch).

- 8. Ch. chi.
Chrysopa chi Fitch, Report I, 87.

Antenne pale, the apex obscurer; at the base of the antenne
an x-shaped spot, two lateral spots each side, and an intermediate
point black; occiput with four black points in a transverse series ;
prothorax and mesothorax with four black points, and a point at
the base of the anterior wings; abdomen black, the apex pale;
transverse veins black, those of the costal middle green; posterior
wings with the transverse veins black, base of the first sector black,
the second sector black, green upon the middle. (From the de-

scription of Dr. Fitch.)
Length to tip of wings 19? millim, Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. New York, June (Asa Fitch).

Greenish-yellow, pale; antenne pale, the apex obscurer, the basal
article beneath with an apical black point, the second article with

214 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

a black ring; between the antenne is a black Y; a series of semi-
lunar streaks at the base of the antenne, a quadrangular spot
before and a streak upon the sides of the cheeks, black; occiput
with four black points in a transverse series; prothorax with four
quadrangular black spots, mesothorax with two, and a spot at the
bases of the anterior wings, black; abdomen obscure green, the
segments with two dorsal, medial, fuscous points; wings hyaline,
transverse veins black, green on the middle.
Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim.
Hab. New York, May, June (Asa Fitch); Washington (Osten
Sacken). |
At first sight it resembles the preceding; is it different ?

10. Ch. latipennis!

Chrysopa latipennis Schneid. Monog. Chrys. 118, 34, tab. xl; Walk. Ca-
tal. 259, 54.—Chrysopa bipunctata Fitch, Report I, 87.

Yellowish-green; apex of the antennz obscurer, the second
article with a black ring; face at the base of the antennz with a
semilunar, short streak, a streak at the sides of the cheeks, and a
point anteriorly, black; occiput with two black points; thorax and
abdomen green, one-colored; wings broader, the apex rounded,
transverse veins of the costal space black at their bases, black all
over in the posterior wings.

Length to tip of wings 19 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim. —

Hab. Pennsylvania (Zimmerman); St. Martin’s Falls, Albany
River, Hudson’s Bay (Barnston); New York, June (Asa Fitch).

+ { Second article of the antenne of the same color
as the rest.
* Antenne partly black.
11. Ch. nigricornis ! > |
Chrysopa nigricornis Burm. Handb. II, 980, 6; Schneid.! Monog. Chrysop.
126, 37, tab. xliii; Walk. Catal. 259, 50.—Chrysopa colon Fitch,
Report I, 88.

Pale yellow ; antenne yellowish, black at base, the first article
whitish ; face with a black streak at sides upon the cheeks; pro-
thorax each side anteriorly with a black point; body pale yellow;
wings hyaline, transverse costal veins, gradate veins entirely and
the second sector at base, black.

CHRYSOPA. 215

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim.
Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman); New York, June eae Fitch) ;
collection of Hagen.

12. Ch. ampla!
Chrysopa ampla Walk. Catal. 268, 72.

Luteous; antenne longer than the wings, the basal article large,
inflated, articles 3—8 within, lineated with black; prothorax broad,
narrow in front; mesothorax spotted with fuscous above; wings
hyaline, veins white, stigma small, fuscous; anterior wings with
fuscous veins at base, two basal, costal ones, the last one of the -
cubitus, the second one of the first sector, and some of those of
the costa at their apex, blackish-fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 27 millim. Alar expanse 48 millim.

. Hab. Georgia (Abbot); Mexico.

Another specimen from Mexico is only 21 millim. long, but it is

hardly different.

13. Ch. lineaticornis !

Chrysopa lineaticornis Fitch, Report I, 91.—Chrysopa puncticornis Fitch,
Report I, 92.

Pale green; antenne longer than the wings, black at base, the
basal article pale, inflated, above lineated with black; head spotted
with fuscous anteriorly; prothorax exteriorly margined with fus-
cous; wings hyaline, all the transverse veins black.

Length‘to tip of wings 17 millim. Alar expanse 31 millim.

Hab. New York, July (Asa Fitch); North America (Vienna
Museum).

Chrysopa puncticornis is, very probably, nothing more than a
variety.

14. Ch. cubana!
Chrysopa cubana Hagen !

Bright green; antenne of the length of the wings, black, the
basal article bright green, above with a broad, black streak; wings
hyaline, transverse veins all black.

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.

Hab. Cuba, in March (Osten Sacken); Alleghany Mountains,
Virginia (Osten Sacken).

216 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

15. Ch. lateralis.

Hemerobius lateralis Guér. Iconogr. Régn. Anim. Ins. p. 388. Schneid.
Monog. Chrys. 162, 6.—Chrysopa lateralis Walk. Catal. 274, 86.

Bright green; antenne longer than the body, blackish-fuscous,
the basal article rufous; head anteriorly at the margins of the eyes,
and sides of the prothorax with a line, rufous; veins of the wings
green; feet green, tarsi fulvous. (From the description of Guérin.)

Length to tip of wings 17 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz (Saulcy).

. 16. Ch. conformis!
Chrysopa conformis Walk. Catal. 269, 74.

Testaceous ; antenne longer than the wings, blackish at base;
feet pale; abdomen testaceous; wings hyaline, pterostigma testa-
ceous, veins green, some of them black. (From the description of
Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 17 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim.

Hab, Jamaica (Gosse); Cuba; St. Thomas; Mexico (Deppe).

Perhaps a specimen from Jamaica (Cuming; Vienna Museum);
belongs here; but the antennse are destroyed; the basal articlei
testaceous; the prothorax is margined anteriorly with rufous.
Does it possibly belong to Chrysopa transversa ?

17. Ch. pavida!
Chrysopa pavida Hagen!

Pale, whitish-yellow; occiput truncated behind; antenne long,
black; the basal article large, yellow, above with a longitudinal
rufous spot; the second and third articles yellowish; prothorax
flat, quadrangular, anteriorly obliquely truncated, the sides nar-
rowly red; wings large,-hyaline, pterostigma yellow; veins yellow-
ish; anterior wings with the middle of the costal veins or the
whole of them, black; the apex of the second sector, the gradate
veins (10 and 11) almost entirely, apices of the rest of the trans-
verse veins, and the marginal forks entirely, black; hind wings
with the apex of the second sector, and vein of the posterior mar-
gin, black. . .

Length to tip of wings 22 millim. Alar expanse 41 millim.

Hab. Cordova, Mexico (Saussure, Deppe); South Carolina
(Zimmerman).

CHRYSOPA. 217

May this not be Hemerobius lateralis Guér. Icon. Regn. Anim.
p. 388?

18. Ch. explorata!
Chrysopa explorata Hagen!

Yellowish ; face with a large, quadrangular spot, occiput with
a Y-shaped streak and spot, red; antenne yellowish, fuscous at
base ; the first article yellow, with the apex above, red; prothorax
broad, obliquely truncated in front; anterior margin black; wings
hyaline, narrow, pterostigma yellow, interiorly with a red spot;
transverse veins of the anterior wings almost all blackish-fuscous; .
gradate veins 5 and 5.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

gab. Cordova, Mexico (Saussure).

* * Antenne immaculate; veins varied with black.

19. Ch. insularis.
Chrysopa insularis Walk. Catal. 269, 73.

Testaceous, beneath paler; antenne testaceous, much longer
than the wings; head testaceous, mouth rufous, a vertical rufous
streak; prothorax long, conical ; segments of the abdomen fuscous
posteriorly ; wings hyaline, veins green, some of them black;
pterostigma small, fuscous; anterior wings with a discoidal fus-
cous spot, internal gradate veins black. (From the description of
Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. Jamaica (Gosse).

20. Ch. transversa.
Chrysopa transversa Walk. Catal. 255, 46.

Yellow; antenne shorter than the wings, yellow, pubescent, the
base paler; head yellow; face with a spot at the base of the an-
tenn, and the lateral margin, rufous; palpi partly black; protho-
rax broad, short, narrower anteriorly, the lateral margins rufous ;
feet pale green; wings hyaline, veins green, transverse ones almost
all black ; pterostigma pale green; areoles rather few. (From
the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings — ? millim. Alar expanse 22 millim,

flab. Jamaica (Gosse).

218 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

21. Ch. collaris.

Chrysopa collaris Schneid. Monog. Chrys. 80,9, tab. xv. Walk. Catal.
245, 19.

Yellowish-green; a red streak each side, upon the cheeks, at the
eyes, another upon the lateral margin of the clypeus and labrum ;
a red point each side upon the occiput near the eyes; prothorax a
little broader than long, sides bright ferruginous; antenne shorter
than the wings, paler at base; anterior wings with the gradate veins
and all the subcubital ones, base and apex of the costal ones, base.
of the second sector, the first sector, and some cubital ones partly,
black; posterior wings with the costal veins black. (From.the
description of Schneider.)

Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim.

flab. Island of St. Thomas. *

Perhaps it is not distinct from Ch, transversa.

22. Ch. thoracica!
Chrysopa thoracica Walk.! Catal. 243, 15.

Green, striped with yellow, robust; antenne (absent from my
specimen) stout, much shorter than the wings, testaceous, yellow
at base; face pale, a transverse rufous streak each side at the an-
tenne; palpi dusky; prothorax broad, short, a dorsal, longitudinal,
yellow stripe upon the middle; abdomen with a similarly placed
yellow stripe; feet pale green; wings narrow hyaline, veins of the
costa, transverse ones of the second sector and gradate ones, blaek ;
pterostigma pale green.

Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim.

Hab. Havana (collection of Hagen); St. Domingo (Pierret).

23. Ch. quadripunctata!

Chrysopa quadripunctata Burm.! Handb. II, 980, 5. Schneid.! Monog.
Chrys. 84, 12, tab. xviii. Walk. Catal. 246, 22.—Chrysopa sichelit
Fitch, Report I, 89.

Pale yellowish-green; thorax and abdomen with a middle orange
stripe; head pale, with a yellow spot above; sides of the face, a
little between the antennee, and each side posteriorly, at the eyes,
orange; antenne whitish, palpi whitish, with the apex fuscous ;
prothorax pale yellow, each side with three orange points; meso-
thorax with an orange point each side anteriorly; feet pale; wings
hyaline, transverse veins almost all black.

CHRYSOPA. 219

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 32 millim.

Hab. Carolina (Zimmerman); Pennsylvania; New York, Au-
gust (Asa Fitch).

The other locality cited by Mr. Walker does not belong to this
species.

24 Ch. virginica.

Chrysopa virginica Fitch, Report I, 91.

Yellowish-green, immaculate; prothorax each side anteriorly
with a black point; wings hyaline, veins green, transverse veins of
the second sector fuscous at base, first gradate vein of the external
series black, clouded with fuscous; pterostigma with a fuscous
point, which is larger in the posterior wings; basal areole quad-
rangular. (Is it irregular?) (From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 19 millim. Alar expanse 35 ee

Hab. Cartersville, Virginia (Asa Fitch).

25. Ch. sulphurea.
Chrysopa sulphurea Fitch, Report I, 89.

Yellowish-sulphureous; a subocular orange point; prothorax
each side anteriorly, and the basal segments of the abdomen each
side, with an orange point; antenne and feet whitish; apex of the
wings rounded, of the posterior ones slightly angulated, veins
whitish, transverse veins with the base and apex of almost all of
them, and the gradate veins, black. (From the description of Dr.
Fitch.)

26. Ch. rufilabris!
Chrysopa rufilabris Burm. Handb. II, 979, 2. Schneid. Monog. Chrys.
78, 8, tab. xiv. Walk. Catal. 245, 18.—Chrysopa novaeboracensis
Fitch, Report I, 90.

* Pale green, with a yellowish stripe in the middle; antenne whit-
ish, the apex obscurer; face with a lateral streak and the mouth
red; palpi luteous, the apex and exteriorly fuscous; occiput each
side with a rufous point; prothorax often each side with a black
point; feet pale; wings hyaline, the apex angulated, transverse
veins almost all black, green in the middle.

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

flab. Pennsylvania; New York, common in June and July (Asa
Fitch); Savannah, Georgia; Mexico.

220 . NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

27. Ch. interrupta!

Chrysopa interrupta Schneid. Monog. Chrys. 76, 16, tab. xii. Walk. Ca-
tal. 242, 12.—Chrysopa tabida Fitch, Report I, 92.

Pale green, almost white, immaculate; wings narrow, gradate
and subcubital véins black, transverse almost all black, with white
middles. |

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

flab. Pennsylvania; New York, August (Asa Fitch).

28. Ch. emuncta.
Chrysopa emuncta Fitch, Report I, 88.

Pale yellow; head each side with a transverse, small, subocular
line, and an intermediate one black; prothorax anteriorly with a
black point each side; apex of the wings rounded, bases of the
transverse costal veins, and the base and apex of the second sector
black; palpi exteriorly black. (From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 19 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. New York, August (Asa Fitch).

29. Ch. attenuata!
Chrysopa attenuata Walk. Catal. 242, 14.

Yellow, very slender; sides of the head anteriorly rufous; palpi
varied with rufous; antenne yellowish; prothorax narrow, the sides
anteriorly rufescent ; feet pale; wings hyaline, veins green, trans-
verse costal veins, the second sector and gradate veins obscurer.

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 20 millim.

Hab. St. John’s Bluff, -Hast Florida (Doubleday); Berkeley
Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken).

30. Ch. repleta.
Chrysopa repleta Walk. Catal. 244, 17.

Testaceous; apex of the antenne a little obscurer; prothorax
long, narrow in front; segments of the abdomen each side with a
fuscous spot; feet pale; wings hyaline; all the transverse veins
of the anterior wings, and some of those of the posterior wings,
partly tinged with fuscous. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

* * * Antenne immaculate; veins of the wings green.

CHRYSOPA. 221

81. Ch. harrisii.
Chrysopa harrisii Fitch, Report I, 90.—Chrysopa perla Harris, Ins. New
England, 215.

Very much like Oh. novaeboracensis, but a little broader; the
veins all green. (From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 28 millim.

Hab. New York, in July and August (Asa Fitch).

32. Ch. externa!
Chrysopa externa Hagen!

Greenish-yellow; thorax and abdomen with a middle, yellow
vitta; the mouth anteriorly and the sides sanguineous; antenne
fulvous, yellowish at base; wings narrow, acuminate, fimbriated
with green; all the veins green; the divisory-veinlet of the third
cubital areole not reaching the first transverse veinlet of the first
radial sector.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken); Mexico; California.

May not this be Ch. harris? the wings, however, are narrower.
The species has the divisory veinlet not reaching the first trans-
verse veinlet, or rather not clearly exceeding it; and it is very much
like Ch. vulgaris, of Europe; but differs by the wings being nar-
rower, and more acuminate. Ch. acuta, of the Berlin Museum,
is perhaps this species (from Brazil, Surinam, Mexico); but it
differs in having fewer gradate veins.

33. Ch. robertsonii.
Chrysopa robertsoni Fitch, Report I, 88.

Pale green, with a pale dorsal stripe; head sulphureous, a short,
black line each side at the eyes; antenne yellowish, the basal ar-
ticle whitish; wings rounded at the apex, pterostigma green, veins
all green. (From the description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. Tullehassie, Creek Indian Territory (Robertson).

384. Ch. plorabunda.
_. Chrysopa plorabunda Fitch, Report I, 88.

Pale green, with a yellow dorsal stripe; head yellow, with a
small black line at the eyes; antenne whitish, with the apex yel-

299 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

lowish; feet green-white, tarsi yellowish; apex of the wings
rounded, the posterior ones with the apex a little acuminate.
A variety has a reddish point each side - the head. (From .
the description of Dr. Fitch.) ;
Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.
Hab. New York, Illinois, September and October, common
(Asa Fitch).

35. Ch. pseudographa.
Chrysopa pseudographa Fitch, Report I, 89.

Very much like the preceding, stramineous; head yellow, face
each side with a small black line; antennae, feet, and veins of the
wings whitish; apex of the wings rounded; abdomen with a nar-
row, dorsal, white line, and the segments each side with an apical,
yellowish spot.

Var. Apex of the segments with a yellowish fascia. (From the
description of Dr. Fitch.)

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. Northern Illinois, October (Asa Fitch).

36. Ch. flava!
Hemerobius flavus Scopol. Ent. Carn. 270, 707.—Chrysopa vittata Wesm.!
Bullet. Acad. Brux. VIII, 211, 7 (partly) ; Schneid.! Monog. Chrys.
65, 1, tab. vil. —Chrysopa alba Brauer! Monog. No. 5; Burm.!
Handb. II, 981, 13.—Chrysopa subfalcata Steph.! Iustr. VI, 105, 13.

Entirely whitish-green; basal article of the antenne thick, elon-
gated; wings acuminate, the costal margin of the anterior ones
broadly emarginated ; veins white, a few of the transverse veins at
base a little blackish.

Length to tip of wings 26 millim. Alar expanse 46 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia (collection of Hagen); Europe; Asia.

37. Ch. innovata!
Chrysopa innovata Hagen !

Pale yellow; maxillary palpi with an external black streak upon
the articles; face with a black streak and spot on both sides;
antenne pale yellow (partly destroyed), the first articles, long,
narrow, cylindrical, hardly thicker than the following ones; front
tuberculous between the antenne ; vertex citron-colored ; protho-
rax subelongate, narrower anteriorly, each side anteriorly with a
black point; feet pale yellow, nails black; abdomen yellow; wings

ACANTHACLISIS. 223

long, the apex elliptical; veins and their fimbrie pale yellow; base
of the costal veins, the first and second sector, some of the cubital
at the apex and sometimes at the base, and the gradate veins (12
and 10) all black.
Length to tip of wings 23 millim. Alar expanse 41 millim.
Hab. Mexico (Deppe; Berlin Museum).

ACANTHACLISIS Rampvr.

Antenne short, stout, the apex thickened; labial palpi longer
than the maxillary; body stout, abdomen long, the apex forcipated
in the males; feet stout; spurs infracted; base of the nails dilated;
wings long, narrow, densely veined; the male having a tubercle at
base of posterior wings.

1. A. americana.

Myrmeleon americanum Drury, Ins. I, 111, 4; tab. xlvi, fig. 4. Burm.
Handb. II, 996,17. Walk. Catal. 317, 31.—Acanthaclisis americana
Ramb. Neuropt. 380, 4.

Gray, clothed with gray hairs; head with a black stripe in the
middle, face gray; antenne black; thorax yellow-gray, with a stripe
in the middle and a lateral one each side black, clothed with long
gray pile; abdomen fuscous, the sides obscurer; apex of the abdo-
men of the male with short, straight, forcipated cerci; feet black,
with gray hair; wings grayish-hyaline, densely pointed with fus-
cous; costal space fuscescent in the middle, biareolate. (From the
figure and description of Drury.)

‘“‘Grayish-fuscous, front and two dorsal stripes rosy-gray ; feet
annulated with flesh-color; veins of the wings hyaline, alternately
rosy and fuscous, wings with fuscous and pearly spots.” (Burm.)

Length to tip of wings 71 millim. Alar expanse 126 millim.

Hab. New York (Drury) ¢; South Carolina (Zimmerman) °.

I have never seen it; the specimen of Burmeister is larger, the
wings spread 96 millim. Is it different ?

2. A. fallax!
Myrmeleon fallax Ramb.! Neuropt. 385,1. Walk. Catal. 329, 45.—Myr-
meleon impostor Walk.! Catal. 324, 41.—Myrmeleon senilis Klug! Ber-
lin Museum.

Lurid, with gray villosity, beneath yellowish; face, palpi, and

2294 , NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

base of the antenne beneath yellowish; antenne lurid, annulated
with fuscous; vertex varied with fulvous and fuscous, a middle lon-
gitudinal line, and each side with a transverse streak, fulvous;
occiput with two approximated fuscous lines; prothorax lurid, each
side with three longitudinal fuscous stripes, the intermediate ones
being less clear; the middle ones approximated, with a whitish line,
which is thicker anteriorly, separating them; thorax lurid, streaked
with fuscous, and with a dorsal whitish, middle line; feet pale, apex
of the femora exteriorly fuscous, tibize, especially the anterior ones,
annulated with fuscous; nails black; abdomen lurid, above with ~
three fuscous streaks; thorax and feet with long and dense gray
villosity; appendages of the male cylindrical, short, almost straight,
above with black pile; wings long, narrow, the apex acuminated,
the apex of the posterior ones a little emarginated, hyaline, with
pearly spots; veins alternated with white and fuscous spots; radius .
punctated; the space between the median nervure and the subcosta
sometimes spotted with fuscous; pterostigma small, white; trans-
verse veins often bifid at the apex of the costal space.

Length to tip of wings 70 millim. Alar expanse 120 millim.

Hab, Mexico (Coffin); Cuba; Columbia; Guiana; Brazil.

It may perhaps constitute a new subgenus.

3. A. congener!
Acanthaclisis congener Hagen |

Black, clothed with gray hair; face, palpi, and base of the an-
tenne beneath, yellowish-white; antennee black, the apex with nar-
row whitish rings; vertex black with two transverse stripes, the
posterior one interrupted in the middle, and two points posterior
to the bands, yellow, the surface with white hair; prothorax each
side with a maculose stripe, which is double anteriorly, fulvous ;
posterior margin fulvous, black in the middle; mesothorax spotted
with yellow; abdomen black, with gray pile, the posterior margins
of the apical segments narrowly fulvous; feet fuscous, with gray
hair, tibiz yellowish, annulated with fuscous, tarsi black; wings
hyaline, a little acuminate, veins yellow, with fuscous interruptions,
pterostigma small, black, margined with yellow; subcosta and me-
dian nervule distinctly punctate; the costal space with one series
of areoles. (Female.)

Length to tip of wings 43 millim. Alar expanse 72 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas, July (Capt. Pope).

MYRMELEON. pip

MYRMELEON Livy.

Antenne short, robust, the apex thickened; body elongated,
slender; feet long, slender; spurs straight or a little incurved ;
base of the nails not dilated; wings long, narrow, densely veined.

+ Apex of the wings with a broad fuscous band.

1. M. gratus!

Formicaleo grata Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VIII, 45, 2.—dMyrmeleon gra-
tus Walk.! Catal. 392, 157.—Myrmeleon roseipennis Burm.! Handb.
II, 995, 13; Ramb.! Neuropt. 408, 38, tab. xii, fig. 2.

Black; margin of the labium, a transverse stripe upon the face
and the occiput yellow; antennz long, the apex hardly thickened;
labial palpi short, black, the last article longer, fusiform; prothorax
black, a middle line, broader at base and apex, white; abdomen
fuscous; feet slender, long, rufo-fuscous, base of the femora pale;
posterior tibiz pale, with the apex fuscous; spurs long, straight,
as long as the two basal articles of the tarsi; tarsi pale, with the
apex fuscous; wings large, hyaline, the apex rosy, interior to which
is a large, trifarious, fuscous spot; anterior wings with a spot at
the middle of the posterior margin, and a series of points at the
submedian nervure, fuscous ; median and submedian nervures yel-
low, interrupted with fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 52 millim. Alar expanse 94 millim.’

Hab. Indiana; St, Louis; Philadelphia; Mississippi (Edwards).

+ + Wings with ocellate fuscous spots.

2. M. obsoletus!

Formicaleo obsoleta Say, Jour. Acad. Philad. VIII, 44, 1.—Myrmeleon ocel-
latus Burm.! Handb. Il, 995,12; Walk. Catal. 401, 172.—Myrmeleon
nigrocinctus Ramb.! Neuropt. 398, 20; Walk.! Catal. 361, 101.

Luteous; face with a transverse, broad, fuscous fascia; antenne
long, the apex clavate, luteous, the base and apex black; labial
palpi short, luteous, the last article longer, fusiform; prothorax
elongated, narrower anteriorly, luteous, a little granulated with
black; meso- and metathorax with a broad, dorsal, fuscous stripe ;
at each side a broad black stripe; abdomen black, a luteous, dorsal
band upon the middle of each segment; feet elongated, very slender,

black; base of the anterior femora, and apex of the tibie brown;
15

296 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH: AMERICA.

posterior femora with a luteous band before the apex, tibiz luteous,
with the base and apex black, tarsi luteous, obscurer at the apex;
spurs as long as the two basal articles of the tarsi, luteous; wings
hyaline, beautifully spotted with fuscous; the anterior ones with an
ocellate spot at the middle of the posterior margin, a double spot at
the pterostigma, an apical interrupted series, and some points at
the median nervure, fuscous; posterior wings with a larger, orbicu-
lar spot before the pterostigma, and some apical spots, also fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 34 millim. Alar expanse 62 millim.

Hab. United States, not rare (Say); New York; St. Louis;
Carolina (Cabanis); Alabama (Gosse); Maryland (Uhler).

Very much like M. pantherinus Fab. (ocellatus Borkhausen),
from Enrope, but a different and most beautiful species. (Gosse
(Letters from Alabama) figures this species on p. 248—Uhler.)

+ 7+ ~ Wings not spotted, but hyaline or sprinkled with
fuscous.

* Costal space with a double series of areoles.

{ No spurs.

3. M. abdominalis!

Myrmeleon abdominalis Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Report, II, 163.—Myr-
meleon trroratus Burm.! Handb. II, 995, 11.--Myrmeleon conspersus
Ramb.! Neuropt. 387, 3; Walk.! Catal. 329, 47.—J/. talpinus Klug.
Berlin Museum.

Fuscous; face pale, with a broad, brownish-black band upon the
middle, which is emarginated anteriorly; vertex black, a transverse,
pale line above at the base of the antenne; antenne long, stout,
not clavate, black; palpi equal, luteo-fuscous; thorax fuscous, ob-
scurely and interruptedly lineated with pale; prothorax short;
al domen long, slender, longer than the wings, the apex forcipated,
fuscous, hirsute; two longitudinal, dorsal lines, which are some-
times partly confluent, pale; feet pale, densely sprinkled with
black, apex of the tibize, and apex of the tarsal articulations black;
tibiz armed with long, black spines, no spurs; wings short, broader
before the apex, a little fumose, subhyaline, veins fuscous, inter-
rupted with white, the anterior wings closely sprinkled with fus-
cous, especially at the median and submedian nerves; abdomen of
the female shorter than the wings; fuscous, the segments with mid-
dle and apical yellow points.

MYRMELEON. 227

Length to tip of wings 32 ¢; 26 9 millim. Alar expanse 50
millim. | i

Hab. Arkansas, Rocky Mountains; South ‘Carolina (Zimmer-
man); Savannah, Georgia; Florida (Norton); New Jersey (Uh-
ler).

Does MM. abdominalis Say, perhaps belong to the following
species ?

t Spurs present.

4. M. longicauda !

Myrmeleon longicaudus Burm.! Handb. II, 994, 8; Ramb.! Neuropt. 386,
2, tab. xii, fig. 3; Walk.! Catal. 329, 46.

Luteo-fuscous; face luteous, fuscous at the base of the antenne ;
vertex obscurely varied with fuscous; antenne long, thick, clavate,
fuscous; palpi equal, luteous; thorax fuscous, obscurely varied
with pale; prothorax short; abdomen long, slender, hairy, longer
than the wings, the apex forcipated, fuscous; the basal half above
obsoletely luteous; feet pale, sprinkled with black; apex of the
tibize, the whole of the third and fourth articulations of the tarsi
and the apex of the last article, black; tibiee with black spines;
spurs as long as the two basal articles of the tarsi; wings narrow,
hyaline, veins fuscous; the median and submedian nervure inter-
rupted with white;, pterostigma whitish; anterior wings rarely
sprinkled with fuscous, with three obsolete, fuscous points at the
submedian nervure. I have not seen the female.

Length to tip of wings 40 millim. Alar expanse 48 millim.

Hab. Savannah, Georgia.

5. M. contaminatus.

Myrmeleon contaminatus Burm. Handb. II, 995,11. Note.

“ Most like JQ trroratus, but entirely black-gray, the hind
wings also are densely sprinkled with black.”” Unknown to me.
(From the description of Burm.)

Hab. South Carolina (Zimmerman).

6. M. salvus!

Myrmeleon salvus Hagen !

Luteo-fuscous; face luteous, above black ; vertex fuscous, obso-
letely variegated ; antenne long, clavate, fuscous, slightly annu-

228 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA. .

lated with luteous; palpi luteous, equal; thorax fuscous, varied
with pale; prothorax short; abdomen of the male long, slender,
the apex forcipated, hairy, longer than the wings, luteous, with
two dorsal pale lines; feet yellowish, sprinkled with black, apex
of the tarsal articulations, and the fourth entirely black; tibiee with
black spines; spurs as long as the two basal articles of the tarsi ;
wings narrow, hyaline, veins fuscous, pterostigma white; subcosta,
median and submedian nerves white, a little sprinkled with fus-
cous; posterior margin of the wings a little sprinkled with fuscous,
the costal space upon the basal half uniareolated.

Length to tip of wings 32 millim. Alar expanse 46 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken); South Carolina (Zimmer-
man).

M. nebulosus Ramb.! Neuropt. 387, 4; Walk. Catal. 330, 48,
is perhaps the female of J/ salvus; I possess two specimens from
Pennsylvania, the one the size of our typical male, the other larger.
(Expanding 62 millim.)

7. M. nebulosus.

Myrmeleon nebulosum Oliv. Enc. Method. VIII, 127, 35; Walk. Catal.
409, 212.

Black, marked with yellow; abdomen black, the base of the seg-
ments pale; feet yellow; wings hyaline, reticulated with fuscous,
with obscure points and spots. (From the description of Olivier.)

Hab, New York.

Unknown to me; does it belong to this section?

8. M. versutus.
Myrmeleon versutus Walk.! Catal. 331, 51.

Black, very slender; front of the head shining, at the eyes and
_ around the base of the antenne, yellow; vertex with two, inter-
rupted on the middle, yellow bands; face each side with an an-
gular, yellow stripe; palpi yellow, black at the apex; antenne
subfiliform, much longer than the thorax, black; prothorax short,
yellow, bivittated with black; a yellow point anteriorly upon the
vittze ; meso- and metathorax lineated and pointed with yellow ;
abdomen very long, slender, the apex forcipated, testaceous, the
base striped with piceous, the apex black ; feet testaceous; wings
hyaline, short, narrow, finely dotted with fuscous; pterostigma

MYRMELEON. 229

whitish ; the apex only of the costal space biareolated. (From
the description of Walker.)
Length to tip of wings 30 millim. Alar expanse 46 millim.
Hab. Mexico (Coffin).

9. M. ferox.
Myrmeleon ferox Walk. Catal. 332, 52.

Black, very slender; base of the antenne encircled with yellow ;
vertex luteous, with an interrupted black band; face pale yellow;
palpi testaceous; antenne black, almost filiform, longer than the
thorax; prothorax narrow, with a dorsal line and two points each
side, yellow; beneath yellow; meso- and metathorax margined and
pointed with yellow; abdomen much longer than the wings, the
apex forcipated; segments each side behind with a testaceous
point; feet testaceous, tibize and tarsi black at apex; wings cine-
reous, pterostigma whitish; a brown mark adjoining it on the front
wings; veins fuscous, sometimes interrupted with white; anterior
wings with three fuscous points at the submedian nerve, and an
oblique, apical fuscous streak; posterior wings immaculate; the
apex only of the costal space biareolated. (From the description
of Walker.) Male. -

Length to tip of wings 42 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim. *

Hab. California (Hartweg).

10. M. exitialis.
Myrmeleon exitialis Walk. Catal. 376, 133.

Black; mouth luteous, each side with a yellow point; vertex
- each side with a yellow line and point; antenne clavate, shorter
than the thorax; prothorax short, narrower anteriorly, with six
luteous spots, the four anterior ones being placed in a transverse
series; meso- and metathorax partly margined with yellow; ab-
domen shorter than the wings, the segments margined posteriorly
with yellow; feet black, femora partly yellow; tibise bifasciate with
yellow, tarsi yellow at base; wings subcinereous, long, narrow,
subacuminate; pterostigma pale yellow, marked each side by a
fuscous point, which is obsolete in the posterior wings; veins black,
interrupted with yellow; anterior wings with a series of points at
the median and submedian nerves, and the veins partly banded
with fuscous; only the extreme apex of the costal space biareolated.
(From the description of Walker.)

230 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length to tip of wings 30 millim. Alar expanse 73 millim.
Hab, California (Hartweg). 3
Female? Does it belong to this section?

ll. M. inscriptus !

Myrmeleon inscriptus Hagen !

Black; face yellow, black above; vertex black, with an inter-
rupted line each side, and two points behind, yellow; antennz
black, a little annulated with yellow (apex destroyed); palpi fus- -
cous, articulated with-pale; prothorax short, black, a middle line,
a lateral one each side and a point anteriorly, yellow; meso- and
metathorax black, pointed with yellow; abdomen short, black ;
feet black, clothed with white hair, base exteriorly of the posterior
tibize yellow; spurs luteous, of the length of the first tarsal articu-
lation; wings narrow, long, acuminate, subcinereous; anterior ones
with the veins fuscous, slightly banded with fuscous, rarely inter-
rupted with white; pterostigma small, white, exteriorly fuscous ;
at the posterior margin is a fuscous, flexuous, bi-incurved line,
reaching the apex; at the median nervure are some hyaline nebule,
whitish; posterior wings hyaline, veins fuscous, sometimes inter-
rupted with white; the whole of the costal space of the anterior
wings biareolated.

Length to tip of wings.34 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim.

flab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

12. M. pumilis!
Myrmeleon pumilis Burm. ! Handb. Il, 995,10; Walk. Catal. 401, 173.

Black ; face luteous, black above; vertex black, in front with a —
pale band, clothed with white hairs, transverse; basal article of
the antenne whitish (destroyed in my specimen), “pale, annulated
with black, club abrupt, black, Burm.,’’ palpi pale, annulated with
fuscous; prothorax narrow, with a triangular, white spot each side
anteriorly; meso- and metathorax with some pale points; abdomen
black, segments with a pale band upon the middle; feet pale, with
white and black spines, femora black above, the apex white, tibize
white, with a broad basal and apical black ring; articles of the
tarsi black at the apex; spurs as long as the two basal articles of
the tarsi; wings hyaline, broad; veins white, interrupted with fus-
cous; anterior wings sprinkled with rare, but sufficiently distinct

MYRMELEON. |

fuscous points; pterostigma small, white; only the apex of the
costal space biareolated.
Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 35 millim.
Hab. South Carolina (Zimmerman). —

* ** Costal space with one series of areoles.
{ No spurs.

13. M. pygmaeus!

Myrmeleon pygmaeus Hagen!

Fuscous, spotted with yellow; face black, with yellow spots;
palpi yellow, the last article black; occiput yellow, spotted with
black; antennz short, black, annulated with yellow, the club large,
almost orbicular, luteous, varied with fuscous; prothorax short,
fuscous, varied with yellow; abdomen short, the dorsum pointed
with fuscous, with black hair, and white villosity, venter luteous ;
feet short, pale, spotted with black; apex of all the tarsal articles
black ; wings short, the apex very much dilated, the reticulation
peculiar, simple, hyaline, pterostigma snow-white, brown interiorly;
veins fuscous, the longitudinal ones interrupted with white.

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Deppe). |

A very singular species; as yet, the smallest of this genus.

{tt Spurs of the anterior feet as long as the first
tarsal joint.

14. M. immaculatus!

Myrmeleon immaculatus De Geer, Mém. III, 365, tab. xxvii, fig. 8; Burm. !
Handb. II, 994,5; Walk. Catal. 401, 174.

Brownish-black ; face black, shining, yellowish anteriorly; ver-
tex opaque, with shining black streaks, in front with a transverse,
interrupted stripe, the middle with two interrupted, approximated
ones, and each side a small one posteriorly; antennez lurid, clavate,
the second article black; palpi lurid; thorax fusco-piceous, obso-
letely varied with lurid; abdomen fuscous; feet yellowish, densely
sprinkled with black; base and apex of the tibie with a black
ring; tarsi black, the basal article yellowish, with its apex black ;
anterior feet obscurer; wings narrow, long, acute, hyaline, a little
cinereous; veins with white and black interruptions, pterostigma
white, black within.

932 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length to tip of wings 38—44 millim. Alar expanse 70—80
millim.

Hab. Savannah; Washington (Osten Sacken); Alleghany Moun-
tains, Virginia (Osten Sacken).

Dr. Burmeister’s specimen is pale, being a recently excluded
one; a specimen from Virginia expands 70 millim., but it is hardly
different ; the apices of the abdominal segments are pale; but in
Burmeister’s specimen and another (from Washington), the colors
are not distinct. ;

15. M. tectus.
Myrmeleon tectus Walk. Catal. 378, 135.

Black-gray, robust; head shining, black; mouth luteous, the
eyes half encircled with yellow; antennae black, subclavate, the
base annulated with yellow, shorter than the thorax ; palpi luteous;
prothorax short; meso- and metathorax margined with testaceous; ..
feet black; tibize with testaceous bands, those of the posterior
ones broader; femora and tarsi testaceous at base; (abdomen
mutilated); wings hyaline, narrow subacuminate, pterostigma
white, the anterior ones marked with fuscous; veins black, inter-
rupted with yellow. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 42? millim. Alar expanse 74 millim.

Hab. St. John’s Bluff, East Florida (Doubleday). ,

Do the spurs correspond with this section ?

16. M. crudelis.
Myrmeleon crudelis Walk. Catal. 388, 152.

Piceous, slender; head anteriorly and beneath testaceous, front
black ; vertex ferruginous, antennee ferruginous, clavate, the apex
piceous, shorter than the thorax ; prothorax long, testaceous, with
three piceous vitte ; meso- and metathorax margined with testa-
ceous; abdomen shorter than the wings; feet testaceous; wings
hyaline, narrow, subacute; pterostigma obsolete, whitish; veins
whitish ; subcostal and submedian veins interrupted with fuscous.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 30 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim.

Hab. St. John’s Bluff, Hast Florida (Doubleday).

Do the spurs correspond with this section ?

MYRMELEON. 933

17. M. rusticus!

Myrmeleon rusticus Hagen !

Piceous, robust; front nigro-piceous, shining; mouth and be-
neath yellowish; eyes narrowly encircled with yellow; palpi lute-
ous, the last article of the labial ones thickened, fusiform, nigro-
piceous ; antenne clavate, obscurely annulated with yellow ; vertex
obscure ferruginous, each side with a yellow point; occiput fus-
cous, opaque, with two middle, interrupted stripes and a lateral,
flat shining spot each side; prothorax short, fuscous, the anterior
margin, and three obsolete stripes, yellowish; meso- and meta-
thorax margined with yellow ; abdomen luteo-fuscous, the posterior
margin of the segments, and sometimes a dorsal middle line, yel-
lowish ; feet yellowish, femora and tibie with a stripe beneath and
an apical ring, fuscous; apex of the tarsi fuscous; wings narrow,
hyaline, pterostigma a little whitish; veins yellowish-white, the
median and submedian nerves distinctly interrupted with fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 30—33 millim. Alar expanse 50—60
millim. :

- Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas, August 4 (Capt. Pope) ;
Matamoras; Florida (Norton). Is this WZ erudelis?

18. M. insertus!

Myrmeleon insertus Hagen!

Piceous, slender; face black, shining, each side and the mouth
yellow; palpi yellowish, the last article fuscous ; antenne piceous,
a little annulated with yellow, clavate; vertex opaque piceous,
with a transverse, interrupted yellow band upon the middle; occi-
put opaque, with two streaks upon the middle, interrupted, and
flat, shining spots upon the sides, fuscous; prothorax luteous,
obsoletely trivittate with piceous; meso- and metathorax hoary,
narrowly margined with yellow; abdomen piceous, margin of the
segments posteriorly luteous; femora fuscous, the base and an
apical ring yellow ; tibise yellow, within and an apical ring brown-
ish-black ; tarsi with brownish-black rings; wings long, narrow,
acuminate, pterostigma obsoletely white ; veins white, the median
one distinctly, and the others obsoletely interrupted with fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 33 millim. Alar expanse 58 millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey); Port au Prince, St. Domingo.

Chanvallon reports that J/yrmeleons are frequently found in the

se NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

island of Martinique; but does not describe any species. Compare
Voyage & la Martinique, p. 185. |

19. M. leachii.

Formicaleo leachti Guilding, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. XVI, 49,1; Walk.
Catal. 373, 127.

Fuscescent, spotted with yellowish; eyes coppery ; feet short,
pale, tarsi simple, nails moderate; wings hyaline, subfalcate, im-
maculate, veins ciliated. (From the description of Walker.)

Hab. Jamaica. Unknown to me. Does it belong to this sec-
tion ? |

tit Spurs of the anterior feet as long as the two
basal articles of the tarsi.

20. M. peregrinus !

Myrmeleon peregrinus Hagen!

Yellow, variegated with blackish-fuscous ; head yellow, face with
a black spot between the antenne; palpi yellow, the last article
fuscots ; antenne clavate, black, annulated with yellow; vertex
yellow, with two transverse black stripes, the posterior one inter-
rupted in the middle, arcuated; prothorax short, yellow, above
with four black lines, beneath each side with a black stripe ; meso-
and metathorax yellow, varied with black; abdomen yellow, the
dorsum with three black lines, venter fuscous; feet yellow, densely
sprinkled with black, the posterior femora sometimes black in the
middle; apex of the tibie and tarsi annulated with black; wings
long, broad, hyaline, pterostigma yellow, interiorly fuscous ; veins
yellow, hardly distinctly interrupted with fuscous, at the median
and submedian nerves pointed with fuscous; the smaller forks and
the transverse veins at the posterior margin of the anterior wings
distinctly marked with fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 40 millim. Alar expanse 74 millim.

Hab. California; Pecos River, Western Texas, July (Capt.
Pope). Specimens from Matamoras are smaller (expanding 54
millim.), but they are hardly different.

21. M. juvencus!
Myrmeleon juvencus Hagen!

Yellow, varied with black; head and palpi yellow, a spot be-
tween the antenne, and two points upon the vertex, black; anten-

MYRMELEON. 235

nz yellow, clavate, annulated with black; prothorax short; thorax
all yellow; above and beneath bilineated with black; prothorax
with the anterior part yellow ; abdomen clothed with white hairs,
yellowish, dorsum trilineated with black; feet yellow, the whole of
the fourth article of the tarsi, and the apex of the last one, black;
wings broad, yellowish-hyaline, pterostigma obsoletely whitish ;
veins yellow, thickly sprinkled with fuscous, especially so at the
median and submedian nerves; base and apex of the transverse
veins of the costal space, and forks at the posterior margin, fuscous;
posterior wings only at the median nerve, sprinkled with fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 30 millim. Alar expanse 54 millim.

Hab. Pecos Paver, Western Texas, July (Capt. Pope); North
America (Collection of Hagen).

22. M. blandus!
Myrmeleon blandus Hagen!

Yellow, varied with black; head yellow; last article of the
palpi fuscous; a spot between the antenne, trifid, black; vertex
yellow, black anteriorly, above with two transverse black lines, the
hind one interrupted; antenne black, annulated with yellow; pro-
thorax short, yellow, with two black stripes upon the middle, which
are anteriorly, exteriorly incised, beneath each side with a black
stripe; meso- and metathorax yellow, lineated with black; abdo-
men yellow, clothed with white hair, above narrowly trilineated
with black; beneath black; feet yellow, all the articles of the
tarsi annulated with black at the apex; wings hyaline, broad,
pterostigma obsoletely yellow; veins yellow, interrupted with
black, especially at the subcosta; transverse ones almost black.

Length to tip of wings 22 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt. Pope).

23. M. bistictus!
Myrmeleon bistictus Hagen!

Testaceous, varied with piceous; face testaceous, last article of
the palpi fuscous; a fuscous spot between the antenne; antennez
clavate, black, annulated with testaceous; vertex opaque, testa-
ceous, with some transverse piceous marks; prothorax snort, tes-
taceous, with two stripes in the middle, and a lateral one each
side, piceous; meso- and. metathorax piceous, varied with testa-

236 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ceous; abdomen (mutilated) piceous, the segments with two lon-
gitudinal, testaceous, medial spots; femora piceous, annulated
with yellow before the apex; tibiz yellow, biannulated with fus-
cous; tarsi black, the anterior ones with the base of the last arti-
cle yellow; wings long, narrow, acuminate, pterostigma obsoletely
white, the anterior ones fuscous within; veins fuscous, interrupted
with white; the anterior wings with an oblique apical line, and
another at the middle of the posterior margin, fuscous, narrow.
Length to tip of wings 34 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim,.
Hab, Cuba (Poey).

ek Spurs of the anterior feet ag long as the three
basal articles of the tarsi.

24, M. macer!
Myrmeleon macer Hagen!

Luteous, varied with piceous, slender; face black, mouth and
palpi luteous; vertex opaque, luteous, a 4-spotted transverse line,
and occipital points, black; antenne slender, subclavate, longer
than the thorax, luteous, annulated with fuscous; prothorax nar-
row, luteo-fuscous, anteriorly trimaculate with pale; meso- and
metathorax obscurely luteo-fuscous; abdomen Juteo-fuscous, the
segments 2 to 4 yellowish upon the middle; feet long, whitish,
slender, knees at the femora, and the base and apex of the tibiz,
annulated with black; tarsi with articles 3 and 4 entirely, and the
apex of the last article, black; spurs long, whitish; wings broad,
hyaline; pterostigma obsoletely whitish; veins white, with fuscous
interruptions, especially at the median nerve; transverse veins
almost all fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 34 millim. Alar expanse 60 millim,

Hab. Mexico (Vienna Museum).

25. M. ingeniosus!
Myrmeleon ingeniosus Walk.! Catal. 337, 63.

Fuscous; face yellow, black above; mouth and palpi luteous;
apical article of the labial palpi pointed with black in the middle ;
vertex fuscous, occiput with two transverse, maculose, yellow
stripes ; antenne slender, subclavate, longer than the thorax, black,
annulated with yellow; prothorax narrow, fuscous, each side with
an obsolete line, and the anterior margin, luteous; mesothorax

EUPTILON——ASCALAPHUS. ony

pointed with luteous; feet short, yellowish, sprinkled with black ;
third and fourth joints of the tarsi entirely, and the apex of the
last joint, black; spurs long, luteous; abdomen fuscous, dorsum
of the intermediate segments with a geminate, luteous spot; wings
narrow, hyaline, partly milky, pterostigma whitish-yellow ; veins
pale, densely interrupted with fuscous; anterior wings with two
oblique, fuscous streaks, the one at the middle of the posterior
margin, the other before the apex. :

Length to tip of wings 34 millim. Alar expanse 64 millim.

Hab. South Carolina (Zimmerman); Columbia; Brazil.

The specimens from meridional America are a little different ;
the occiput is obscurer, less spotted, the prothorax is broader an-
teriorly: but it is hardly a peculiar species.

EUPTILON WEstwoop.

This genus is very doubtful; it is only based upon a figure of
Drury. It is a Myrmeleon with pectinated antenne.

1. Bu. ornatum.

Hemerobius ornatus Drury, I, 110, 2, tab. xlvi, fig. 2.—LHuptilon ornatum
Drury, ed. Westwood, ib.— Chauliodes ornatus Ramb. Neur. 445, 3.—
Myrmeleon ornatus Walk. Catal. 410, 217. a

Green; antenne pectinated ; prothorax anteriorly with a black
point; abdomen with yellow rings, and a middle black line; wings
hyaline, the anterior ones with two oblique fuscous lines, at the
apex and at the middle of the posterior margin.

Length to tip of wings 44 millim. Alar expanse 77 millim.

fab. Dinwiddie, Virginia (Drury).

_ I am inclined to believe that antennee have been affixed to this
species artificially, or that the wings have been glued to the body
of another kind of insect, by error. The green color is foreign to
the genera of AlZyrmeleons.

ASCALAPHUS Fas.

Antenne very long,. slender, capitate; body short; feet short,
stout, tibiee with spurs; wings large, less densely veined than
Myrmeleon.

238 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

* Hyes sulcated.

1. A. hyalinus!

Ascalaphus hyalinus Latr. Humboldt Recueil, II, 118, tab. xl, fig. 7.—
Ascalaphus macleayanus Guild. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. XIV, 140,
tab. vii, fig. 11; Walk. Catal. 436, 51.—Ascalaphus senex Burm.!
Handb. H, 1001, 7.—Ascalaphus 4-maculatus Say, Long’s Exped. I,
305.

Fusco-ferruginous ; front fuscous, above gray, vertex with fus-
cous villosity ; antennee fuscous, the base with fuscous hair, the
apex luteous, incisures black, club oblong, black, beneath striated
with Iuteous; eyes lurid posteriorly; thorax fuscous upon the dor-
sum, varied with ferruginous; pectus clothed with white hair; feet
fusco-luteous, tibiz with a narrow, black basal annulus, apex of the
tarsal articles black; abdomen fusco-cinereous, the dorsum with
oblique black streaks each side; wings equal, the apex subobtuse,
base of the anterior ones subemarginated, the base of the posterior
ones with fuscous villosity; hyaline, veins luteous, partly fuscous ;
pterostigma small, nigro-fuscous.

Alar expanse 55 millim. Length of the antenne 25 millim.

Hab. Savannah; Pennsylvania (Say); Matamoras, Mexico; Cu-
ba; Island of St. Vincent; Pecos River, Western Texas (Capt.
Pope).

2. A. avunculus!

Ascalaphus avunculus Hagen!

Very closely allied to the preceding; it differs in having the
vertex clothed with gray villosity; the eyes above, posteriorly yel-
low, with a transverse brownish-black band, beneath brownish-
black; club of the antenne yellow beneath; in the males, the
antenne much longer; feet fuscous, tibiee and tarsi black; the head
less thick.

Alar expanse 50 millim. Length of the antenne 23; ¢ 33
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey).

3. A. quadripunctatus!
Ascalaphus quadripunctatus Burm.! Handb. IJ, 1001, 9. Bi tri-
maculatus Lefeb.!
Fuscous; front fuscous, gray above, vertex with fuscous villosity ;
antenne luteo-fuscous, the incisures black; base with fuscous pile,

ASCALAPHUS. 239

club oblong, black; thorax with the dorsum fuscous, beneath with
white pile; feet brown-black, the tibie exteriorly spotted with
luteous; abdomen brownish-cinereous, the base with white villosity,
each side with an oblique black streak; wings hyaline, veins black,
the costa luteous; pterostigma yellow; the hind wings with three
apical, fuscous clouds.

Alar expanse 60 millim. Length of the antennz 27 millim.

Hab. New York; Baltimore.

4, A. limbatus!
Ascalaphus limbatus Burm.! Handb. II, 1001, 8; Walk. Catal. 436, 53.

Allied to A. avunculus, but differs by having shorter antenne,
the club smaller; the apex of the posterior wings, and the poste-
rior margin of the wings clouded with fuscous.

Alar expanse 50 millim. Length of the antenne 22 millim.

Hab. North America? Jamaica (Gosse).

Ascalaphus surinamensis Walk. Catal. 439, 51, is this species;
but the description and synonymy does not belong to it.

5, A. subiratus.
Ascalaphus subiratus Walk. Catal. 439, 58.

Black, with black hair; antenne fulvous, the incisures black,
the club black, testaceous beneath ; thorax striped with testaceous;
feet piceous; abdomen short; wings hyaline, apex of the anterior
ones subfuscescent, base of the posterior ones blackish-fuscous,
with four oblique abbreviated fuscous bands posteriorly. (From
the description of Walker.)

Alar expanse 58 millim.

Hab. Honduras, Guatemala.

* * Hyes entire.

6. A. albistigma!
Ascalaphus albistigma Walk.! Catal. 452, 80.

Ferruginous, with fuscous hairs; face luteous; antennz luteous,
the club fuscous, yellow beneath; thorax fulvous, anteriorly fus-
cous; the sides fuscous, spotted with yellow, an obscure cinereous
stripe above; feet yellow, tarsi black; abdomen long, fuscous;
wings hyaline, the apex fuscescent, pterostigma large, white; an-

240 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

terior wings with the whole costal margin, and the apex of the
posterior wings fuscous.
Alar expanse 81 millim. Length of the antenne 18 millim.
flab. Honduras; Columbia (Appun),

7. A. microcerus.
Byas microcerus Ramb. Neuropt. 362.

Hab. West Indies.
May it not be A. costatus Burm. Handb. II, 1000, 1.? (Com-
pare South American Neuroptera. ) pS.

Fam. IX. PANORPINA.

Body cylindrical or conical; head exserted; antennze
shorter than the wings; mouth rostrated; lateral palpi bi-
articulated; prothorax small; wings either almost absent or
narrow, equal, longer than the body, narrowed at base; the
posterior wings with no anal space; tarsi of five articles.

BOREUS Larr.

Ocelli absent; wings of the males imperfect, of the females
hardly present.

Ll. B. nivoriundus!

Boreus nivoriundus Fitch! Winter Ins. Amer. Journ. Agricult. 1847, V,
. 277, 1; Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, I, 96,1; Walk.! Catal. 456, 2.

Fusco-aeneous; mouth, wings, feet, and genital organs fulvous;
apex of the tarsi fuscous.

Length 4 millim.

Hab. New York, April (Asa Fitch).

2. B. brumalis!

Boreus brumalis Fitch! Winter Ins. Amer. Journ. Agricult. 1847, V, 278,
2; Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, 1, 96,2; Walk.! Catal. 456, 3.

Entirely brassy-black.

Length 3 millim.

flab. New York, April (Asa Fiteh) ; ieee ae
Sacken).

PANORPA. 241

PANORPA Liyyé.

Three ocelli; wings narrow; genital organs of the male elon-
gated, forcipated, the last segment inflated; two tarsal unguiculi

serrated ; antenne setaceous.

l. P. lugubris!

Panorpa lugubris Swederus, Act. Holm. Nov. VIII, 279,31. Linné, Syst.
Nat. ed. XIII. vol. V, 2647, 10. Klug! Act. Berol. 1836, 106, 6.
Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 188, 11. Walk.! Catal. 462,
11.—Panorpa scorpio Fab. Entom. Syst. II, 97, 3. Oliv. Enc.
Méthod. VIII, 715, 5. Leach. Zool. Misc. II, 99, tab. xciv, fig.
3—4. Burm.! Handb. II, 927,1. Ramb.! Neuropt. 331, 8.—Bitta-
cus scorpio Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. III, 189.

Black, abdomen ferruginous ; the apex black; wings black, with
three transverse, abbreviated, middle white streaks.

Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. South Carolina; Georgia; Florida (Glover).

2. P. rufescens!

Panorpa rufescens Ramb. Neuropt. 330, 6.— Panorpa germanica var.
Walk. Catal. 459, 2?

Head, rostrum and thorax yellowish-rufous; antenne black, the
extreme base rufous; feet rufo-flavous, apex of the tarsi fuscous,
unguiculi tridentate; abdomen fuscous, the venter rufo-flavous ;
abdominal segment 5 of the male cylindrical, truncated at the
apex, above obliquely emarginated, with a long process, which is
compressed, somewhat elevated; segments 6 and 7 equal, conical,
apex of segment 6 more inflated; segment 8 oval, appendages
long, linear; forceps short, trigonal, the apex unguiculated, slen-
der; wings somewhat yellowish, the apex, a pterostigmatical, nar-
row, maculose band, which is subinterrupted in the middle, and
some basal spots, brownish-black.

Alar expanse 24 millim.

Hab. Sharon Springs; Trenton Falls, New York; Washington
(Osten Sacken); Maryland (Uhler); La Chine near Montreal ?
(Barnston).

94D NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

3. P. rufa!
Panorpa rufa Gray ! Griffith, Anim. Kingdom, Ins. tab: cv, fig. 2. West-
wood! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 188,10. Walk.! Catal. 461, 10.—
Panorpa fasciata Klug! Act. Berol. 1836, 105, 2 (partly).

Head rufous, black around the ocelli;. rostrum and thorax fusco-
rufous; antenne brownish-black, the extreme base fusco-rufous ;
feet rufous, apex of the tarsi fuscous; unguiculi 5-toothed, the
teeth short; abdomen rufous; segment 5 of the male conical, with
the apex truncated; segments 6 and 7 equal, the base narrow,
cylindrical, subincurved, the apex conical, segment 6 more inflated; —
segment 8 narrow, elongate-oval, appendages linear, short; for-
ceps trigonal, short, the apex slender, unguiculated; wings yellow,
their apex subacute; apex, a subpterostigmatical band, which is
forked behind, a medial costal spot, a basal oblique band, and two
basal spots fuscous.

Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. Georgia.

4. P. americana!

Panorpa americana Swederus, Act. Holm. Nov. VIII, 279, 32. Linné,
Syst. Nat. ed. xiii, vol. V, 2647, 9. Westwood, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. IV, 189,15. Walk. Catal. 463, 15.—-Panorpa fasciata Fab.
Ent. Syst. II, 98, 4. Klug! Act. Berol. 1836, 105, 2 (in part).
Ramb. Neuropt. 331, 7? ‘

Testaceous; head rufous, black around the ocelli; rostrum rufous;
antenne black, with the extreme base rufous; feet testaceous, apex
of the tarsi fuscous, unguiculi 4-toothed (2); abdomen of the
male upon the fifth segment with an erect, short horn (from the
description of Westw.); wings yellow, broader at the apex; the
apex, a pterostigmatical broad, straight band, a point upon the
costa of the anterior wings, a basal oblique band, and a basal point
upon the anterior wings, brownish-black. 2

Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. Georgia; Kentucky.

5. P. venosa!

Panorpa venosa Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 190, 16; Walk.!
Catal. 463,16. Panorpa fasciata Klug! Act. Berol. 1836, 105, 2 Gn
part). Panorpa americana Say! Collection of Hagen.

Head rufous, black around the ocelli; antenne black, the ex-
treme base rufous; feet luteo-rufous, the apex of the tarsi fuscous;

PANORPA. 243

unguiculi 4-toothed, teeth long, distant; abdomen fuscous, with
the apex rufous; segment 5 of the abdomen of the male cylindrical,
the apex truncated, subemarginated above, with a long, very much
elevated, triangular process; segments 6 and 7 equal, obconical,
apex of the sixth segment more inflated ; segment 8 orbicular,
with long, linear appendages; forceps short, unguiculate; wings
subhyaline, the apex, a pterostigmatical band, which is interrupt-
edly forked behind, a costal, medial spot, which is sometimes
almost absent from the hind wings, a basal band, which is some-
times interrupted, and a basal spot, blackish-brown. (Male and
female.)

Alar expanse 23—27 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia (Say); Georgia (Abbot); Southern Illinois
(Kennicott).

6. P. debilis!

Panorpa debilis Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 191, 18. Walk.!
Catal. 464, 18.

Luteo-fuscous; head rufous, black around the ocelli; antenne
black, the extreme base rufous; feet luteous, apex of the tarsi
hardly obscurer; unguiculi 4-toothed, teeth long, distant; abdo-
men fuscous, the apex luteous; segment 5 of the male cylindrical,
the apex truncated, emarginated above, with a short, very erect,
obtuse, triangular, rather short process; segment 6 long, obconi-
cal, the base narrow, arcuated; segment 7 shorter, obconical, the
base a little narrower; segment 8 elliptical, the apex broad, ap-
pendages linear, long; forceps short, unguiculated; wings hyaline,
subflavescent at base, an apical, fenestrated band, an arcuated,
pterostigmatical one, subinterrupted in the middle, a middle point,
a basal interrupted band, and a basal point, fuscous; transverse
veins sometimes a little marked with fuscous. (Male.)

Alar expanse 22—23 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia; ‘Trenton Falls, New York; Savannah,
Georgia.

7. P. nebulosa!

Panorpa nebulosa Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 188,12. Walk.!
Catal. 462, 12.

Luteo-fulvous ; head luteo-rufous, around the ocelli black; an-
tenn black, the base luteous; feet luteous; unguiculi tridentate ;

944 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

abdomen fuscous, the apex luteous; segment 5 of the male abdo-
men conical, truncated at the apex; segments 6 and 7 equal, ob-
conical; segment 8 oval, appendages long, linear; forceps short,
unguiculated ; wings hyaline, pterostigma subflavous, with a large,
fuscous spot interiorly; a fuscous point on some of the areoles,
which are sometimes larger on the basal areoles.

Alar expanse 22—26 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls; Washington (Osten Sacken); Massachu-
setts (Scudder).

8. P. punctata.

Panorpa punctata Klug! Act. Berol. 1836, 105, 3, fig. 9. Westw. Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 188,12. Walker, Catal. 462, 13.

Testaceous; antenne black; thorax with spots, and the abdomen
at base fuscous; wings subflavescent, narrow, the areoles all pointed
with fuscous. (From the description of Klug.)

Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Koppe). It is similar to the preceding species.

9. P. confusa.

Panorpa confusa Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 190,17. Walk.
Catal. 463, 17.

Fulvous ; head black around the ocelli ; antennz black; segment
5 of the abdomen of the male armed with a long, acute spine,
above ; segment 6 not emarginated at the base; wings tinged with
luteous, the costa and base deeper luteous; veins blackish; a small
basal point, a slender, interrupted, middle band, a slender, irregu-
lar, pterostigmatical one, upon the middle geniculated, band, and
the apex slenderly, nigricant; the transverse veins, especially
towards the apex of the wings, tinged with black; hind wings less
variegated ; apex of the tarsal articulations black. (From the
description of Westw.)

Alar expanse 24 millim. .

Hab. Massachusetts (Harris).

10. P. subfurcata.
Panorpa subfurcata Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV,191,19. Walk. -
Catal. 464, 19.
Obscure fulvous; head rufescent, black around the ocelli; an-
tenn black, the two basal articles rufescent; dorsum of the thorax

PANORPA. Q4D5

obscure luteous; feet luteous, apex of the tarsal articles obscure;
abdomen luteo-fulvous, the dorsal base obscure; segment 5 with a
short dorsal horn; segment 6 not emarginated at the base supe-
riorly; wings pale, with two basal spots, a transverse band before
the middle, a transverse, costal medial spot, an oblique pterostig-
matical, irregular band, hardly angulated in the middle, but dilated
at the costa; the apex, somewhat broadly, upon which are some
white points, and a spot at the anal angle, black; basal spots of
the posterior wings obsolete. (From the description of West-
wood. )

Alar expanse 24—28 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia; St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s
Bay (Barnston, Redman).

ll. P. maculosa!

Panorpa maculosa Hagen !

Testaceous; head fulvous, rufo-fuscous around the ocelli; an-
tenne black, the two basal articles fulvous; dorsum of the thorax
fulvous, spotted with black; feet luteous, the apex fuscous; un-
guiculi 4-toothed, teeth long; abdomen testaceous, the apex lute-
ous; segment 5 conical, the apex truncated; segments 6 and 7
equal, conical, the sixth stouter, the base above sub-emarginated ;
segment 8 elongated, oval, appendages linear, long; forceps short,
unguiculated ; wings hyaline, veins fuscous, apical transverse veins
partly marked with fuscous; two basal spots, a spot upon the
middle, and some apical spots, fuscous, pterostigma luteous, each
side with a fuscous spot.

Alar expanse 24 millim.

Hab. Pennsylvania (Uhler).

12. P. terminata!

Panorpa terminata Klug! Act. Berol. 1836, 106, 4, fig. 10. Westwood
Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1V, 189,14. Walk. Catal. 463, 14.

Fusco-testaceous; middle of the head brownish-black, rostrum
rufous; prothorax entirely, and the sides of the mesothorax blackish-
brown ; antenne black, the two basal articles rufous ; feet luteous,
unguiculi tridentate ; wings hyaline, the apex fuscous. (emale.)

Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab, Mexico (Deppe).

246 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

BITTACUS LarrReIue.

Ocelli three; wings narrow; antenne setaceous, very slender;
abdomen rather long, cylindrical, feet longer than the wings, the
apex of the tibize calcarated; tarsi with a single, long, simple nail.

1. B. mexicanus.
Bittacus mexicanus Klug! Act. Berol. 1836, 99,6. Walk. Catal. 466, 6.

Testaceous; head with a middle spot, and apices of the femora
and tibiz with a vestige, fuscous; antenne almost unclothed; wings
subflavescent, veins and transverse marks obscurer; appendages
of the male long, narrow, incurved. (From the description of
Klug.)

Alar expanse 46 millim.

Hab, Mexico (Deppe).

2. B. pilicornis !
Bittacus pilicornis Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 196, 4. Walk.
Catal. 468, 15.

Pale fusco-luteous, shining; head fuscous between the ocelli;
antennee luteo-fuscous, with long and dense pile; wings sublutes-
cent, transverse veins obsoletely banded with fuscous; superior
appendages of the male broad, triangular, flat.

Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls (Osten ne La Chine near Montreal
(Barnston).

3. B. strigosus !

Bittacus strigosus Hagen !

Pale testaceous, shining; head black around the ocelli; palpi
black ; antennee pale, sparingly and shortly pilose; apex of the
femora and tibize blackish-fuscous; wings hyaline, with some basal,
fuscous points, transverse veins broadly banded with fuscous ;
pterostigma a little clouded; superior appendages of the male
broad, oblong, the superior margin broadly excised, pilose.

Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. Chicago; Washington; St. Louis (Osten Sacken).

BITTACUS. Q47

4. B. punctiger.

Bittacus punctiger Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 195, 2. Walk.
Catal. 468, 13.

Testaceo-fulvous; femora sparingly clothed with black, bristly
hair, tibiee with a slender, apical black ring; wings yellowish-
hyaline, with numerous, rather obscure points, especially at the
base of the longitudinal veins, and at the transverse veins ; veins
pale. (From the description of Westwood. )

Alar expanse 42 niillim.

flab. Georgia.

5. B. stigmaterus!

Bittacus stigmaterus Say, Godman’s West. Quart. Report, II, 164.—Bittacus
pallidipennis Westw.! Trans.- Ent. Soc. Lond. IV, 195,3. Walk.
Catal. 468, 14.

Fulvo-luteous ; ocelli somewhat surrounded with fuscous; palpi
black; anterior femora and apex of the tibie sub-fuscous; wings
luteo-fusco-hyaline, the pterostigma a little obscurer; veins luteous;
superior appendages of the male oblong, long, the apical margin
subemarginated above.

Alar expanse 37—46 millim.

flab. Missouri, near Fort Osage (Say); Maryland (Uhler) ;
Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken).

The female from Maryland is smaller, and agrees better with
the descriptions and size of B. sttgmaterus, and pallidipennis.
The male from Georgia is larger (46 millim.), the wings are also
broader, but it is hardly different.

6. B. occidentis.
Bittacus occidentis Walk.! Catal. 469, 16.

Testaceous ; apex of the rostrum, the palpi, and the antenne
black; dorsal middle of the thorax fuscous ; posterior femora ful-
vous, with the apex black, the anterior femora black, with the base
fulvous; anterior tibize piceous; wings sublurid, pterostigma fus-
cous; veins black. (From the description of Walker.)

Alar expanse 46 millim.

Hab. Erie, Pennsylvania.

It is very much like the preceding species. Is it distinct from
it?

248 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

7. B. apicalis!
Bittacus apicalis Uhler! MSS.

Luteous, shining; ocelli somewhat obscured with black; apex
of the tarsal articles brownish-black; wings hyaline, the apex
nigro-fuscous ; abdomen fuscous; the superior appendages of the
male short, oblong, the apex broader, obliquely truncated. |

Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. Southern Illinois (Kennicott).

(The pterostigma of the female is dusky, and there is a dusky
mark each side upon the upper part of the face; the antenne are
honey-yellow, obscurer towards the apex, and covered with black-
ish pile. Uhler.)

MEROPE Newman.

Ocelli absent; eyes large, reniform, connate at the vertex ;
antennee short, thick, the apex narrowed ; wings broad, transverse
veins very numerous; subcosta and radius joined together at the
apex; feet shorter than the wings, slender, apex of the tarsi with
two unguiculi, which are entire, and a plantula between them ;

abdomen of the male with a very large forceps.

1. M. tuber!

Merope tuber Newm.! Entom. Mag. V, 180. Westw.! Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. IV, 194, tab. xiv. fig. 2. Walk.! Catal. 196, 1.

Luteous; apex of the rostrum fuscous; antenne luteous, fus-
cous in the middle; prothorax luteo-fuscous; feet luteous, the
anterior ones a little thicker, luteo-fuscous ; apex of the tibize with
two spurs; wings cinereous, veins luteous, radius and longitudinal
ones posteriorly, black; anterior wings on the posterior margin at
the base, with a small, rounded, fuscous lamina; abdomen Inteous;
appendages of the male very long, flat, almost as long as the body,
luteous ; the basal article almost straight, the base a little curved ;
the apical article shorter, cylindrical, the apex dilated, emarginated,
subbifid.

Alar expanse 30 millim.

Hab. Berkeley Springs, Virginia (Osten Sacken) ; Pennsylvania.

An extremely rare insect; it is not to be met with in any of the
European collections, excepting the type (a female) in the British

NEURONIA. 249

' Museum, and a male and female in my own collection; it is not
extant in the American collections (teste Osten Sacken), excepting
a unique female in that of Dr. Asa Fitch. The genus and species
is very singular and abnormal; perhaps the most remarkable of all
hitherto known Neuroptera. It certainly belongs to the Panor-
pina.

Fam. X. PHRYGANINA.

Body compressed; head exserted ; antennee long, setiform;
mouth connate, imperfect; labial palpi triarticulate; pro-
thorax small; wings longer than the body, transverse veins
rather few; posterior wings with the anal space large,
plicated (rarely absent); tarsi with 5 articulations. Larva
aquatic; living in a tube-like case.

J. Maxillary palpi differing in the sexes.

Sub-Family PHRYGANIDES.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4; maxillary palpi in the males 4-jointed,

in the females 5-jointed; three ocelli.

NEURONIA Le&Acz.

Antenne shorter than the wings; wings rather broad, the apex

ovate, naked or almost naked.

1. N. irrorata!
Phryganea irrorata Fab.! Sp. Ins. I, 389, 9; Mantis. Ins. I, 245,10; En-
tom. Syst. II, 77, 11.—Neuronia concutenata Walk.! Catal. 8, 4.

Rufous, shining; antenne blackish-piceous, the basal article ru-
fous within; head and thorax clothed with white hair; feet luteous,
with black spines; abdomen testaceous; anterior wings whitish-
hyaline, densely, transversely irrorated with fuscous; posterior
wings hyaline, the apex spotted with fuscous, the anterior margin
with a medial, larger, fuscous spot. (Female.)

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 32 millim.

Hab. St. John’s Bluff, Hast Florida; N. Red River (Kennicott).

* The insect does not altogether agree with the description of
Fabricius; the type in the collection of Banks is to be examined
again.

950 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. N. pardalis.
Neuronia pardalis Walk.! Catal. 7, 3.

Black, clothed with luteous hair, beneath luteous; anterior fe-
mora ferruginous; anterior wings confertly pointed with luteous
(which are confluent in the males); posterior wings anteriorly
pointed with luteous, and with a broad luteous, subapical band.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 27 millim. Alar expanse 50 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).

3. N. ocelligera.
Neuronia ocelligera Walk.! Catal. 8, 6.

Black, with pale hair; tibiz piceous; wings testaceous, the an-
terior ones reticulated and guttated with black, posterior wings
having the margin spotted with black. Male. (From the de-
scription of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 28 millim.

Hab, Nova Scotia (Redman).

It is very much like J. ret¢culata of Europe; is it different ?

4. N. signata.
Phryganea signata Fab. Sp. Ins. I, 389, 7; Mant. Ins. I, 245, 8; Entom.
Syst. II, 76, 8. :
Small; head fuscous; wings grayish-fuscous, shining, spotted
with yellow, the posterior margin striated with vellow. (From
the description of Fabricius. )
Length to tip of wings 4
flab. North America (collection of Banks); does it belong to
this genus?

5. N. semifasciata !

Phryganea semifasciata Say, Western Quart. Report. II, 161,4; American
Entomology, II, pl. 44 (upper figures). — Neuronia fusca Walk. !
Catal. 9, 7.

Fulvous; antenne annulated with fuscous, the apex fulvous ;
head fuscous; dorsum .of the mesothorax each side, black; head
and thorax partly ciliated with black; feet: with brown spines;
wines fulvous, the veins obscurer, the anterior ones transversely
flecked with brownish-black, a small basal spot, and an abrupt,
medial streak at the posterior margin, brownish-black, the disk

NEURONIA. 251

with two yellowish points; posterior wings with the apical margin
hardly irrorated with fuscous, having a short, fuscous subapical
band. |

Male, Having the dorsal lamina elongated, the sides involuted,
the apex with two long spines; superior appendages longer than
the lamina; ventral lamina 4-toothed.

Female. Ventral lamina shining, the base brownish-black, very
much narrower at the apex, recurved, bifid.

Length to tip of wings 23—28 millim. Alar expanse 44—52
millim. |

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton); Nova Scotia (Redman); St. John, Newfoundland; Ohio;
Pennsylvania; New Jersey; Massachusetts; Kentucky (Say); Wash-
ington (Osten Sacken); New York (Collection of Hagen). Every-
where north of the Southern States (Uhler).

A variety has the band absent from the posterior wings (Nova
Scotia).

6. N. postica!
Neuronia postica Walk.! Catal. 9, 9.

Fulvous; antenne annulated with fuscous, the apex fulvous;
head and thorax fuscous, with fuscous hair; feet with fulvous spines ;
wings fulvous, veins of the same color; the anterior ones trans-
versely irrorated with fuscous, a small basal spot and an abrupt
streak upon the middle of the posterior margin, fuscous; disk with
two whitish points; hind wings with an angulated, subapical, fus-
cous band.

Male. Having the dorsal lamina elongated, the apex narrower,
incised; superior appendages with a longer lamina; the ventral
lamina bidentate.

Female, Ventral lamina shining, middle of the base brownish-
black, each side ciliated with fulvous, the apex narrow, recurved,
entire ; each side with a rather long anal palpus.

Length to tip of wings 28 millim. Alar expanse 52 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); Pennsylvania (Collection of Hagen) ;
Washington; Massachusetts (Osten Sacken); N. Red River
(Kennicott). |

A variety has the band absent from the posterior wings.

Do not some of the localities cited for WV. semzfasciata Say, be-
long to WV. postica?

952 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

7. N. ocellifera !
Neuronia ocellifera Walk. ! Catal. 8, 5.

Fulvous; antennee shorter, fuscous; thorax ciliated with fuscous-
gray; wings short, fulvous, veins same color; anterior wings a
little transversely irrorated with fuscous, a medial spot upon the
posterior margin fuscous ; disk with two whitish points; posterior
wings with an angulated band, which is subapical, fuscous; feet
with gray spines.

Male. Dorsal lamina long, acute, ensiform, bifid; superior ap-
pendages shorter than the lamina; ventral lamina bidentate.

Female. Ventral lamina shining, middle of the base fuscous; the
apex narrower, recurved, bi-impressed, ciliated.

Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 40—42 millim.

flab. Northern Illinois; N. Red River (Kennicott); Ohio
(Schaum).

8. N. notata.

Phryganea notata Fab. Sp. Ins. I, 390,12; Mant. Ins. I, 246, 15; Entom.
Syst. II, 78, 18.

Fuscous ; antenne and feet testaceous; anterior wings yellowish-
gray, unicolored, with a marginal fuscous spot; posterior wings
white, hyaline, shining. (From the description of Fabricius.)

Length to tip of wings —? millim.

Hab. North America (Collection of Banks).

Is this WV. semifasciata? The type, if 1am not mistaken, yet
exists.

PHRYGANEA Liyné.

Antenne robust, as long as the wings ; anterior wings pilose.

l. Ph. cinerea.
Phryganea cinerea Walk.! Catal. 4, 2.

Testaceous, striped above with cinereous; apex of the anterior
tibiz, and the tips of the articles of the anterior tarsi, black; an-
terior wings fuscous, densely guttated with cinereous, posterior
wings fusco-cinereous. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 26—28 millim. Alar expanse 48—54
millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-

LIMNOPHILUS. 253

ton). It is very much like P. striata Linn. (Beckwith Steph.),
but differs obviously by the anal appendages'of the male ; a descrip-
tion of those parts is wanting to me.

2. Ph. vestita!
Neuronia vestita Walk. ! Catal. 10,10.

Ferruginous; antenne fuscous, thorax bivittated above with
fuscous, and clothed with fuscous hair; feet luteous, anterior femora,
apex of the tibiz and apex of the tarsal articles, fuscous; apex of
the intermediate tibize fuscous ; anterior wings narrow, rufo-fuscous
closely irrorated with fuscous, the disk paler; posterior wings cine-
reous, the apex margined with fuscous. Female.

Length to tip of wings 21 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim.

Hiab. Georgia (Abbot).

3. Ph. commixta.
Neuronia commixta Walk.! Catal. 10, 11.

Black, clothed with pale hair; beneath, antenne and feet ferru-
ginous; anterior wings fuscous, with a large discoidal sub-hyaline
spot, and apical whitish points, veins fuscous, posterior wings sub-
cinereous, the apex and posterior margin fuscous. (From the de-
scription of Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).:

Allied to Ph. minor, Curtis, of Europe.

Sub-Fam. LIMNOPHILIDKS.
Maxillary palpi of the males three, of the females five-jointed ;

ocelli three; anterior wings rather narrow, the apex obliquely
truncated or rounded.

LIMNOPHILUS Leacsu.

Spurs arranged 1, 3, 4; apex of the anterior wings truncated.

Sub-Genus Colpotaulius Ko.enarti.

Posterior wings with the middle of the hind margin emargi-
nated.

254 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

1. L. perpusillus!
Limnephilus perpusillus Walk.! Catal. 35, 54.

Testaceous, with testaceous hair; antenne fulvous; anterior
wings narrow, the apex a little acuminate, subtestaceous, poste-
riorly and the apex obscurely guttated; veins fulvous; posterior
wings whitish. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.

flab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

It is very closely allied to Oolpotaulius incisus Stephens.

Sub-Genus Limnophilus LEAcz.

Anterior wings narrow, the apex broader, obliquely truncated.

2. L. rhombicus !
L. rhombica Linn. Walk.! Catal. 22,13. (With the synonymy. )— Phry-
ganea rhombica Otho Fab. Fauna Groen. 196,153. Berlin. Ent. Zeit.
III, 143.

Ochreous, with Iuteous hair, antenne luteous; thorax luteo-fus-
cous; feet luteous, tibize with yellow, tarsi with black spines; an-
terior wings ochreous, rufous posteriorly, with a large, discoidal,
oblique, rhombical spot, and another, not well defined, about the
anastomosis, subhyaline; posterior wings hyaline, the apex aay
flavescent.

Male. Posterior wings underneath with a subapical fuscous
fringe ; superior appendages oblong, the apex and beneath a little
emarginated, with black teeth.

Length to tip of wings 23 millim. Alar expanse 44 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s rae (Barn-
ston); Greenland (Fab.); Europe; Asia.

The larva described by Otho Fab. 1. c. p. 197, belongs to Co-
lymbetes dolabratus.

3. L. interrogationis.
Phryganea interrogationis Zetterst. Ins. Lapp. 1063, 12.— Grammotaulius
interrogationis Kol. Trichopt. 40, 3. Walk. Catal. 19, 6; Berlin.
Ent. Zeit. III, 143.

Grayish, shining; antennse testaceous; head and thorax hairy,
each side black; feet testaceous, posterior femora with a lateral
line, which is grayish; wings rather narrow, anterior ones brown-

LIMNGPHILUS. 955

ish, with numerous, confluent fuscous points; a discoidal longitu-
dinal line and a middle spot, hyaline; posterior wings subhyaline,
the apex with a small, fuscous line. (From the description of Zet-
terstedt. )

Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 34—40
millim. .

Hab. Greenland; Lapland; Europe.

It is not sufficiently known to me.

4. L. combinatus.
Limnephilus combinatus Walk.! Catal. 28, 34.

Ferruginous, clothed with pale hair; abdomen and feet testa-
ceous ; anterior wings fuscous, the anterior margin testaceous, a
large rhombical, discoidal spot and some points, testaceous ; the
apex testaceous, sprinkled with fuscous; posterior wings hyaline.
Male. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. St. John, Newfoundland.

It is allied to L. rhombicus.

5. L. divergens.
Limnephilus divergens Walk.! Catal. 30, 39.

Testaceous, clothed with pale hair; antenne ferruginous; the
anterior wings closely dotted with ferruginous tubercles, the apex
sub-fuscous ; a broader tubercle at the base of the third apical
areole; posterior wings whitish. (From the description of
Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. North America.

6. L. dossuarius.
Phryganea dossuaria Say, American Entom. III, pl. 44. Lowest figure.

Pale ochreous ; antenne fuscous ; abdomen obscure, apex of the
segments pale; anterior wings whitish-yellow, veins black; some
transverse, sometimes dilated lines, a pterostigmatical, quadrangu-
lar spot, and an anal one, black; posterior wings with two costal
spots, and the margin obscure. (From the description of Say.)

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim.

Hab. Salem, Massachusetts (Say).

Not seen by me; is it a Limnophilus ?

956 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

7. L. interruptus.

Phryganea interrupta sade American Entom. III, pl. 44, right middle

figure.

Clothed with grayish ee palpi and antenne black; tibiee ob-
scure, tarsi obscure, the joints pale at their bases; anterior wings
gray, obscurer upon the disk, a longitudinal, medially interrupted
line, extending from the humerus to near the apex, and an abbre-
viated line nearer the costal margin, towards the apex, black; the
posterior area hoary with white pubescence, immaculate; posterior
wings ochreous, the apex broadly black. (From the description -
of Say.)

Length to tip of wings 21 milli, Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. New Jersey (Say).

I have not seen it; does it belong to Lamnophilus ?

8. L. radiatus.
Phryganea radiata Say, Long’s Exped. II, 308, 2.

Pale yellowish-fuscous; antenne fuscous; vertex and prothorax
pilose; mesothorax each side and two dorsal stripes hairy; anterior
wings subhyaline, beyond the middle a large fuscous circle from
which a dilated line proceeds to the tip, another to the inferior
angle, a third to the carpal spot, and a fourth towards the base,
interrupted in its middle, the interior margin, particularly at the
base, fuscous; surface of the wings with scattered hairs, those of
the nervures more distinct and blackish. (From the description
of Say.)

Length to tip of wings 19 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

I have not seen it; does it belong to Limnophilus?

9. L. sericeus.
Phryganea sericea Say, Long’s Exped. II, p. 309, 3.

Blackish, sericeous; antenneze fuscous, annulated with yellow;
head with a cinereous gloss, sparingly pilose; thorax with a cine-
reous gloss; posterior feet pale ochreous, sericeous, with black sete;
anterior wings varied with fuscous and pruinose, a transverse, quad-
rate, black spot on the middle of the posterior margin; membrane
densely pilose; veins with black hairs; posterior wings immaculate.
(From the description of Say.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. Northwest Territory (Say).

I have not seen it; does it belong to Limnophilus ?

LIMNOPHILUS. 257

10. L. externus!
Limnophilus externus Hagen!

Luteous; head and thorax obscure above, with luteous hair;
antenne (base) luteous; feet ochreous, with black spines; apex
of the abdomen obscurer; anterior wings shining, narrow, hardly
luteo-pilose, luteous, densely guttated with fuscous, the marks often
confluent ; a rhombical spot upon the middle, which is oblique,
narrow, hyaline; the anterior margin immaculate; at the anasto-
mosis are a few spots; veins luteous, the fourth apical areole narrow
at base, shorter than the rest; posterior wings luteo-hyaline.

Female. The four anal appendages almost equal, short, acute;
the valvule short, incised.
~ Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim,

Hab. N. Red River (Kennicott).

ll. L. gravidus!
Limnophilus gravidus Hagen |

Rufo-fuscous; antenne (at base) with luteous hair; head and
disk of the thorax rufous, with luteous hair, each side with black
hair; abdomen luteous beneath; feet luteous, with black spines,
base of the four anterior tibiz, as well as their middle and apex,
and the apex of the posterior tibize, black, apex of the tarsal arti-
cles black; wings long, broad at the apex, a little rounded, sparingly
clothed with white hair; surface grayish-hyaline, closely pointed
with fuscous, points often confluent; an oblique, discoidal streak,
and a semicircle at the apex of the anastomosis, pale hyaline; veins
pale, sparingly interrupted with fuscous; posterior wings luteo-
hyaline, their apex obsoletely spotted with fuscous, and an obscurer
spot at the pterostigma. Female.

Hab. North California.

12. L. vastus!

Limnophilus vastus Hagen!

Nigro-fuscous; base of antenne fuscous; head and thorax with
black hair; mesothorax black, a grayish spot upon the middle, and
each side behind marked with a black point; feet luteous, with
black spines; four anterior tibiz at base, middle and apex, apex
of the posterior tibie, and apices of the tarsal articles, black ;
wings long, broader at the apex, elliptical, grayish-hyaline, almost

258 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

nude, all over closely covered with fuscous dots, the anterior mar-

gin with fewer dots; veins fuscous, sparingly interrupted with pale;

posterior wings grayish-hyaline, obscurer at the apex. Female.
‘Length to tip of wings 21 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.
Hab. Isle Kenai, Russian America.

13. L. perjurus!
Limnophilus perjurus Hagen!

Luteo-fuscous, with luteous hair; feet luteous, with black spines;
wings narrow, the apex obliquely truncated, luteo-ochreous, almost —
shining, with luteous veins; apical veins a little clouded; posterior
wings luteo-hyaline. Female.

Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim.

Hab. Isle Kenai, Russian America.

Allied to Chaetotaulius striatus Kolenati.

14. L. hyalinus!
Limnophilus hyalinus Hagen!

Pale ochreous, with yellow hair; antennz ochreous; feet pale,
with black spines; anterior wings pale ochreo-hyaline, somewhat
glossy, veins ochreous; the fourth apical cellule acute at base;
posterior wings pale yellowish-hyaline.

Male. Superior appendages ovate, prominent; the inferior ones
obtuso-acute. ‘ .

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim.

Hab. N. Red River (Kennicott).

Sub-Genus Goniotaulius Kou.

15. L. indicans.
Limnephilus indicans Walk.! Catal. 23, 18.

Ferruginous; antenne paler; palpi and feet testaceous; ante-
rior wings testaceous, margined with whitish, with a short discoidal
vitta, contracted in the middle, white, drawn out into five rays
towards the apex; posterior wings whitish. (From the description
of Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 38 millim.

flab. Georgia (Abbot).

It is allied to Z. elegans Curtis.

LIMNOPHILUS. 259

16. L. despectus.
Limnephilus despectus Walk.! Catal. 31, 42.

Grayish-ferruginous, with pale pile, and longer hair, which is
black; antenne subfuscous, the bases of the articles testaceous ;
maxillary palpi fuscous, labial palpi testaceous ; abdomen and feet
testaceous ; mesothorax above with a double whitish streak; ante-
rior wings fuscous, freckled with whitish ; thyridium and first sub-
apical areole with a whitish spot; costa and disk towards the apex
still more whitish; posterior wings whitish. (From the description
of Walker. ) \

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar nee 21 millini,

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).

_ Allied to Z. griseus Linn.

17. L. nebulosus.

Limnephilus nebulosus Kirby. Faun. Bor. Amer. 253, 349; Walk. Catal.
50, 126.

Black, with white hair; antenne (at base) black; mesothorax
testaceous; superior wings testaceous, spotted and irrorated with
whitish, the costal area immaculate ; posterior wings whitish, with
testaceous veins; feet testaceous. (From the description of Kirby.)

Length of body 15 millim.

Hab. North America, latitude 65°.

18. L. multifarius.

Limnephilus multifarius Walk.! Catal. 32, 43.—Phryganea variegata Barn-
_ ston, Mss.—Limnephilus perforatus Walk. Catal. 33, 46. (In part.)

Black, with pale hair, and longer pile, which is black; antenne
fuscous, annulated with testaceous; feet testaceous; anterior wings
fuscous, freckled with whitish; thyridium and base of the apical
areoles spotted with white; posterior wings cinereous. (From the
description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); ZL. perforatus Walk. (from St. Martin’s Falls), certainly is
the same species; a very much mutilated specimen from Arctic
America (Mackenzie and Slave Rivers, Richardson) is different,
but indeterminable; possibly the true Z. nebulosus of Kirby. LL.
despectus and L. multifarius are very closely allied; are they dis-
tinct?

260 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

19. L. femoralis.

Limnephilus femoralis Kirby, Faun. Bor. Amer. 253, 350; Walk. Catal.
50, 127.

Black ; feet testaceous, femora black; anterior wings dilute tes-
taceous, spotted and freckled with white; posterior wings white,
with the veins testaceous. (From the description of Kirby.)

Length of body 14 millim.

Hab. North America, latitude 65° (Richardson).

I have never seen it; very closely allied to L. nebulosus Kirby.

20. L. submonilifer. :
Limnephilus submonilifer Walk.! Catal. 33, 48.

Black, with pale hair, and longer, black pile; bases of the
antennal articles testaceous; abdomen ferruginous beneath ; feet
testaceous; anterior wings fuscous, a discoidal, whitish spot, and
spots, which are almost obsolete, hyaline; a line anteriorly, and
two posteriorly, black and dotted with whitish; posterior wings
subcinereous. Female. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. North America.

It is very closely allied to LZ. obscurus Ramb. Is it different?

21. L. extractus.
Limnophilus extractus Walk.! Catal. 34, 49.

Obscure testaceous, with pale hair; apex of the antenne fus-
cous; palpi and feet pale testaceous; mesothorax bivittated with
fuscous; abdomen fuscous above; wings dirty whitish, anterior
-ones with the posterior margin testaceous; veins pale testaceous.
Young male. (rom the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

_ Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

May this not be L. hyalinus ?

22. L. indivisus.
Limnephilus indivisus Walk.! Catal. 34, 51.

Pale testaceous; antenne a little obscure; anterior wings sub-
testaceous, sub-tuberculated, veins testaceous, pterostigma subfus-
cous ; posterior wings hyaline. (From the description of Walker.)

. LIMNOPHILUS. 261

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 28 millim.
Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).
It is allied to L. tmpurus, Rambur.

23. L. subguttatus.
Limnephilus subguttatus Walk.! Catal. 34, 52.

Testaceous, with pale hair; base of the anterior wings, margin
behind, and the apex subguttated with whitish, a fuscous spot at
the pterostigma which is broadly surrounded with hyaline ; poste-
rior wings subhyaline. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

_ Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

It is allied to Z. rufus Rambur.

24. L. subpunctulatus!

Phryganea subpunctulata Zetterst. Ins. Lapp. 1065, 20.—Limnephilus
stipatus Walk.! Catal. 29, 37.

Black, tinged with. gray; covered with luteous hair; antenne
fuscous, annulated with luteous; thorax black-gray, above with a
double, luteous, hairy stripe ; abdomen annulated beneath with lu-
teous; feet yellowish, with black spines; wings whitish-hyaline,
somewhat clothed with snow-white hair, partly veined with fuscous,
marked with large, confluent, fuscous gutte, the anterior margin,
disk, and thyridium, almost immaculate; posterior wings whitish-
hyaline.

Female. Four anal appendages short, acute, yellowish, valvule
broader, emarginated.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); Arctic America, Mackenzie and Slave Rivers (Richard-
son); Europe, Umea, Lapland.

25. L. trimaculatus !
Phryganea trimaculata Zetterst.! Ins. Lapp. 1065, 18; Kolen. Trichopt.
53, 7; Walk. Catal. 26, 27.—Limnophilus partitus Walk.! Catal.
32, 45.

Black, with black and white hair; antenne fuscous, annulated
with brown, the basal article black; feet testaceous, with black

262 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

spines, femora black; anterior wings fuscous, veined with fuscous,
a rhombical, medial spot, and some larger spots about the anas-
tomosis, whitish-hyaline, somewhat clothed with snow-white hair ;
posterior wings cinereo-hyaline. .

Var. Wings pale. (Young.)

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston) ; Europe, Lapland (Zetterstedt) ; Iceland (Staudinger).

26. L. pudicus!
Limnophilus pudicus Hagen !

Fusco-cinereous, with fuscous hair; antenne fuscous, subannu-
lated with pale, the basal article blackish-fuscous ; abdomen testa-
ceous beneath; feet testaceous, with black spines, anterior ones a
little obscure ; anterior tibize spotted with black, apices of the tar-
sal articles blackish; wings brownish-hyaline, partly with fuscous
veins, the posterior margin and apex obsoletely guttated with fus-
cous; pterostigma fuscous, with a discoidal subhyaline spot; pos-
terior wings grayish-hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. New York; Washington (Osten Sacken).

Allied to Z. costalis, Stephens.

27. L. griseus!

Phryganea grisea Linn.—Limnephilus griseus Walk.! Catal. 27, 28. (With —
the synonyms) ; Berlin. Ent. Zeit. III, p. 143.

Rufo-cinereous ; antenne fuscous, annulated with pale; thorax
paler in the middle ; abdomen blackish-gray, each side with a lu-
teous stripe; feet testaceous; anterior wings narrow, cinereous,
spotted with fuscous and black, the apex and posterior margin with
spots which are often confluent; a rhombical spot upon the mid-
dle, and spots about the anastomosis, which are milky-hyaline;
veins fuscous; posterior wings grayish-hyaline, the apex obscurer.

Var. Points and spots partly or altogether confluent, or almost
absent. |

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 22 millim.

Hab. Greenland (Kolenati); Europe; Asia, common every-
where.

LIMNOPHILUS. 263

28. L. plaga.
Limnephilus plaga Walk.! Catal. 35, 53.

Testaceous, with pale hair, and longer black pile; anterior
wings pale testaceous, a large, subquadrate, fuscous spot behind
the middle; the apex subreticulated with fuscous, and with two
patches of fuscous. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).

Allied to Z. trimaculata ;—a most beautiful species.

Goniotaulius sitchensis Kolenati, Wiener Ent. Monatschr. 1859,
-p. 17, from North America is spoken of, but only by name; it is
unknown to me.

Sub-Genus Desmotaulius Ko.Lenatt.

29. L. bimaculatus.
Limnephilus bimaculatus Walk.! Catal. 30, 40.

Testaceous, with pale hair, and longer, black pile; antenne fer-
ruginous; thorax bivittated with piceous; anterior wings obso-
letely irrorated with pale, especially at the base; posterior wings
whitish. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 19 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton).

It is allied to LZ. fumigatus Germar, but the wings are shorter.

30. L. planifrons!
Desmotaulius planifrons Kol. Trich. 56,1; Walk. Catal. 36, 56.

Fuscous, with luteous hairs; antenne brown, annulated with
luteous; head with two tubercles posteriorly, prothorax, and a
double stripe upon the metathorax, luteous; feet luteous, with
black spines; anterior wings broader, luteo-fuscous, with fuscous
hair, obsoletely marked with luteous; at the posterior margin the
veins elevated fuscous; posterior wings luteo-hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

flab. Greenland; Labrador (Collection of Hagen).

264 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

ANABOLIA STEPHENS.

Spurs 1, 3, 4; apex of the anterior wings elliptical. ,

1. A. sordida!
Anabolia sordida Hagen!

Rufo-fuscous, with black hair; antenne fuscous; head and thorax
at disk rufous; feet rufo-fuscous, with black spines, the tibiz ob-
scurer exteriorly; anterior wings soiled-luteous, densely pointed
with fuscous, almost naked, finely rugulose, thyridium pale; ele--
vated veins smooth, fuscous, the apex partly interrupted with
luteous; posterior wings fusco-hyaline.

Male. Superior anal appendages long, laminated, the apex a
little oblique; the inferior appendages acute, a little shorter,
oblique.

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 35 millim.

Hab. N. Red River; Northern Illinois (Kennicott).

2. A. punctatissima.
Hallesus punctatissimus Walk. ! Catal. 17, 16.

Testaceous, broad; antenne stout; anterior wings broad, finely
rugulose, closely freckled with whitish, the anterior margin almost
whitish; a spot upon the middle, and the thyridium whitish; pos-
terior wings whitish. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab, Nova Scotia (Redman).

3. A. consocia.
Limnephilus consocius Walk.! Catal. 33, 47.

Ferruginous, with pale hair; base of the antenne black; thorax
with a broad black stripe; abdomen black above; feet testaceous;
anterior wings testaceous, closely irrorated with whitish, the spots
often confluent; veins fuscous; posterior wings subhyaline. (From
the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. North America. j

It is allied to Stathmophorus striatus Kolenati.

HALLESUS. 265

4. A. modesta!
Anabolia modesta Hagen |!

Nigro-piceous, with black hair; antenne black, narrowly annu-
lated with luteous; feet luteous, with black spines, femora piceous;
anterior wings obtuse at the apex, fuscous, almost naked, subrugu-
lose, sparingly irrorated with luteous, veins fascous; posterior
wings fusco-hyaline.

Male. Superior anal appendages laminated, the apex incurved.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. Labrador (Christopher).

HALLESUS SrTeEpHEns.

Spurs arranged 1, 3, 3.

1. H. scabripennis !
Limnephila scabripennis Ramb.! Neuropt. 488, 30; Walk. Catal. 47, 105.
—Neuronia antica Walk. ! Catal. 9, 8.

Ferruginous, with luteous hair; antenne ferruginous, obsoletely
annulated; abdomen luteous beneath; feet luteous, with black
spines; apex of the anterior wings broad, elliptical, lurid, sub-
tuberculated, with numerous fuscous points, some of which are
confluent; with a short, discoidal, incurved, fuscous band, veins
lurid; posterior wings luteo-hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

2. H. amicus!

Hallesus amicus Hagen!

Luteous, with luteous hair; antenne luteous; head, thorax, and
dorsum of the abdomen fuscous; feet yellowish, with black spines;
anterior wings with the apex obtuse, pale luteous, subnude, sub-
tubérculated, with an apical band and another posteriorly, at the
elevated veins, fuscous, both longitudinal; veins luteous, the fourth
and fifth apical ones, and behind the elevated one, fuscous; poste-
rior wings luteo-hyaline. Male and female. |

Male. Superior appendages small, luteous, ovate; the larger
hooks fuscous, distant between the superior appendages.

Length to tip of wings 17 millim. Alar expanse 32 millim.

266 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

Hab. New Orleans.
May it not be HZ. tndistinctus Walker ?

3. H. hostis!
Hallesus hostis Hagen |

Luteo-rufous, with luteous hair; antenne stout, luteous; thorax
each side above, rufo-fuscous ; feet luteous, with black spines; apex
of the wings broader ; pale luteo-hyaline, hardly with luteous hairs,
subrugulous, base, at the anal angle, and the third apical vein
fuscous; a large, oblique, paler spot upon the middle, veins lu-
teous; posterior wings luteo-hyaline. Male and female. —

Male. Posterior appendages short, luteous, ovate, adpressed;
the intermediate ones longer, straight, conical, fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 36 millim.

Hab. N. Red River; Northern Illinois (Kennicott).

4, H. guttifer!
Halesus guttifer Walk.! Catal. 16, 15.

Testaceous; antenne ferruginous; anterior wings tuberculdus,
with an obsolete, subfuscous spot in the apical areolets, another
at the thyridium, and a black dot in the third apical areolet;
posterior wings whitish ; feet and palpi testaceous.

Male. The fuscous spots of the anterior wings are sometimes
obsolete.

Length to tip of wings 20 millim. Alar expanse 36—42 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton); Georgia (Abbot); New Orleans.

It is very much like Hnotcyla subfasciata Say, but the spurs will
easily distinguish it.

5. H. indistinctus.
Limnephilus indistinctus Walk.! Catal. 37, 60.

Testaceous; antenne pale ferruginous; head and thorax ferru-
ginous; anterior wings pale testaceous; with a broad fuscous vitta |
at the posterior margin, and a fuscous line between the fourth and
fifth subapical areolets; thyridium whitish. (From the description
of Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim.

Hab. St. John, Newfoundland.

Is it H. amicus?

ENOICYLA. 267

6. H. mutatus!

Hallesus mutatus Hagen!

Fuscous, with fuscous hair; antenne brown, annulated with lu-
teous; feet yellowish, with black spines, base of tibize, as well as
the middle and apex, marked with fuscous; wings fuscous, finely
tuberculated, closely guttated with pale; a semicircular stripe at
the anastomosis apically, and a discoidal irregular spot, pale hya-
line; veins fuscous; posterior wings brownish-hyaline. Female.

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 29 millim.

Hab, Labrador.

The specimen is mutilated.

Hallesus maculipennis Kolenati, from North America, Wien. Ent. Zeit.
1859, p. 18, is noticed only by name ;—it is unknown to me.

7. H. solidus!
Hallesus solidus Hagen!

Luteo-testaceous ; antenne brownish-black, the basal article and
head luteo-fuscous; feet luteous, with black spines; wings luteo-
testaceous, the dorsal portion densely covered with black hair,
subhyaline, subscabrous, veins sparingly interrupted with fuscous;
with a maculose streak behind, and a marginal one, brownish-
black ; posterior wings luteo-hyaline. Female.

Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim.

Hab. Mexico (Deppe).

ENOICYLA Ramsvr.
Spurs arranged 1, 2, 2.

Sub-Genus (new).

l. E. areolata.
Limnephilus areolatus Walk.! Catal. 35, 55.

Black-gray, with black hair; femora obscure ferruginous; ante-
rior wings whitish, with black veins, many of the areoles with fus-
cous bands, the apical ones with broader bands; margins ciliated.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton).

It is a most beautiful species.

268 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

2. H. intercisa !
Limnephilus intercisus Walk.! Catal. 30, 41.

Fuscous, with white hair; antenne fuscous, annulated with lu-
teous; feet luteous, with black spines, spurs short; anterior wings
long, narrow, fuscous, subtuberculous, with white hair; with a
discoidal, oblique, spot, the thyridium and a point at the margin
of each apical areole, whitish-hyaline; veins lurid; posterior wings
grayish-hyaline. Male.

Var. Black, antennee and feet ferruginous; thorax striped with
hoary; anterior wings fuscous, irrorate with whitish, with some ob-
long darker brown and whitish discoidal spots, and with small
white spots at the apex; posterior wings somewhat gray. (From
the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

o. H. praeterita !
Limnephilus praeteritus Walk.! Catal. 32, 44.

Black, with pale hair; antennz stout, black; feet blackish-
brown, with fuscous spines, spurs rather short, fuscous; anterior
wings short, the apex elliptical; surface subtuberculated, with a
few longer, fuscous hairs, gray-hyaline, sparingly sprinkled with
fuscous; fuscous guttee at the anal angle, at the posterior margin
and at the pterostigma, which are confluent; veins black; the
margins with short ciliz ; posterior wings cinereo-hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. Arctic America, Mackenzie and Slave Rivers (Richard-
son).

4, E. difficilis.
Limnephilus difficilis Walk.! Catal. 34, 50.

Testaceous, with pale hair; antenne fuscous, the two basal arti-
cles altogether and the base of the following ones testaceous; an-
terior wings subtestaceous, closely, but indistinctly irrorated with
hyaline, spots often confluent; veins ferruginous; posterior wings
hyaline. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 28 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).

ENOICYLA. 269

Sub-Genus (new).

5. H. subfasciata!

Phryganea subfasciata Say. Long’s Exped. II, 308,1; American Entom.
III, pl. 44 left hand figure. Walk. Catal. 11, 14.

Yellow, with luteous hair; antenne black, annulated with lu-
teous, the basal article rufous beneath; head and thorax orange
above; feet yellow, with black spines, spurs fuscous; anterior
wings broad, subrugulose, ochreous, the apex margined with fus-
cous, the disk with a fuscous circle, which is interrupted anteriorly
and posteriorly; thyridium whitish; veins ochreous; posterior
wings luteo-hyaline. . Female.

Length to tip of wings 22 millim. Alar expanse 40 millim.

Hab. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Northwest Territory (Say).

Var. Wings immaculate. (Say.)

6. E. designata!
Limnephilus designatus Walk.! Catal. 24, 19.

Fuscous, with luteous hair; antenne lurid ; thorax above, bivit-
tated with lurid; abdomen luteous beneath; feet yellow, with black
spines, spurs long, luteous; anterior wings luteous, almost shining,
with a longitudinal stripe, which is broader towards the apex, and
margined with fuscous; veins luteous; posterior wings luteo-hya-
line. Male.

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); Arctic America, Slave and Mackenzie Rivers, Great Bear
Lake (Richardson) ; Nova Scotia (Redman).

7. H. lepida!
Enoicyla lepida Hagen!

Luteo-rufous, with luteous hair; antenne fuscous, annulated with
luteous, the basal article luteous; head and thorax above, rufous ;
feet yellowish, with black spines; spurs yellowish; anterior wings
broader, rugulose, subnude, luteous, with a fuscous point in the
base of the third areole; veins luteous; posterior wings luteo-
hyaline. Male. | ; :

Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 28 millim.

Hab, Pennsylvania.

270 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

APATANIA Ko.enatt.

Spurs arranged 1, 2, 4.

l. A. nigra.
Potamaria nigra Walk.! Catal. 83, 4.

Black, with black pile; beneath, a little clothed with luteous
hair; antenne rather short; breast grayish; apices of the abdomi-
nal segments, base of the tarsi, and tibie ferruginous; wings
blackish, clothed with black pile. (From the description of Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton).

2. A. pallida!

Apatania pallida Hagen!

Black, with luteous pile; antenne black; feet pale, with black
spines, femora fuscous; anterior wings luteo-hyaline, and the veins
same color, with luteous pile and cilia; posterior wings hyaline.
Male.

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 15 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken). q

Sub-Family SERICOSTOMIDKS.
Ocelli absent; palpi pilose.

SERICOSTOMA Larreiute.

Spurs arranged 2, 2,4; maxillary palpi of the males 4-jointed,
covering the face like a mask.

l. S. americanum.

Sericostoma americanum Walk.! Catal. 85, 8.

Black, clothed with black hair; antenne twice the length of the
body; feet piceous; wings blackish-fuscous, pilose; the anterior
wings much longer than the posterior ones. (From the description
of Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 19 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

NOTIDOBIA. 271

2. S. crassicorne.
Hydropsyche crassicornis Walk.! Catal. 113, 35.

Ferruginous, with lurid hair; antenne stout, longer than the
body, articles paler at their bases; palpi and feet testaceous; wings
cinereous, with fulvous pile; anterior wings with a hyaline spot at
the base of the apical areolets; veins fuscous. (From the descrip-
tion of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. ha expanse 20 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

NOTIDOBIA STEPHENS.

Spurs arranged 2, 2, 4; maxillary palpi of the males masking
the face, recurved.

1. N. borealis!
Notidobia borealis Hagen!

Brownish-black, with luteous hair; antenne bright yellow, the
basal article and the palpi black, hairy; feet pale, whitish; wings
fusco-hyaline, the anterior wings densely covered with luteous hair,
and ciliated with luteous. Male.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.

Hab. Washington; St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

2. N. pyraloides!
Notidobia pyraloides Walk.! Catal. 90, 2.

Fulvous, with fulvous hair; antenne twice the length of the
body, testaceous, with the base-fuscous, and the apices of the basal
articles testaceous; the first article stout, testaceous; feet testace-
ous; wings fuscous, with fuscous pile and ciliz ; veins fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); North America; Pennsylvania.

3. N. lutea!
Notidobia lutea Hagen!

Yellow, with luteous hair; antenne subannulated with brown ;
palpi yellow, interiorly with black hair; feet yellowish; wings yel-
lowish hyaline, sparingly clothed with luteous hairs and ciliated
with luteous; posterior wings hyaline. Male and female.

272 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Alar expanse 11 millim.
Hab. St. Domingo.

BRACHYCENTRUS Cortis.

Spurs arranged 2, 3, 3.

l. B. fuliginosus.
Brachycentrus fuliginosus Walk.! Catal. 88, 7.

Black, with hoary hair; antenne long, ferruginons, apices of the
abdominal segments, and the legs testaceous; palpi testaceous, with
the apex blackish; the anterior wings grayish-fuscous, veins ferru-
ginous; posterior wings cinereous. (From the description of -
Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 26 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

2. B. incanus!

Brachycentrus incanus Hagen !

Black ; sparingly clothed with hoary hair; antenne black, feet
pale, femora black; anterior wings long, grayish-hyaline, with sqgme
luteous spots, and sparse luteous pile; veins gray; posterior wings
grayish-hyaline. Female.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 24 millim.

Hab. Washington, April (Osten Sacken).

It is similar to B. subnubslus Curtis.

SILO Cortis.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4.

1. S. californicus !
Silo californicus Hagen |

Fuscous; antenne stout, brownish-black; head and thorax black,
with yellow pile ; feet fuscous; anterior wings fuscous, with fuscous
pile, veins blackish fuscous; some yellow, hairy streaks between
the longitudinal veins; posterior wings fuscous. Female.

Length to tip of wings 17 millim. Alar expanse 32 millim.

Hab. North California.

MORMONIA—DASYSTOMA, 273

2. S. griseus!
Silo griseus Hagen!

Brownish-gray, with fuscous hair; antennz brownish-gray, the
apex subannulated with lurid; head, and thorax above, rufescent ;
feet pale, the posterior ones and the spurs fuscous; anterior wings
narrow, brownish-gray, hairy, with long cilia; posterior wings
cinereous. Male.

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Alar expanse 11 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken).

MORMONIA STEPHENS.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4; antenne with the basal joint long,
thick, very hirsute.

1! M. togata!
Mormonia togata Hagen!

Brownish-gray; with luteous hair; antenne pilose, pale yellow,
annulated with fuscous, the basal article long, brownish-gray,
hairy; palpi and feet pale; abdomen fuscous; anterior wings nar-
Tow, fuscous, with luteons hair, veins fuscous, with fuscous pile;
posterior wings cinereous. Female.

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.

Hab. Washington; St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

DASYSTOMA Ramsve.

Spurs arranged 2, 2, 2.

1. D. numerosum.
Phryganea:numerosa Say, Western Quart. Rep. 1823, II, p. 160, 2.

Black, with cinereous hair; antenne as long as the body, pale
fuscous, the basal article black, hairy; palpi pale fuscous; head
short, black, densely covered with cinereous hair; thorax black,
with cinereous hair; feet pale fuscous; abdomen black, the apices
of the segments pale rufous, lateral line rufous; wings whitish-
brown, immaculate, veins fuscous. (From the description of
Say.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

O74 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

‘“‘This species appears in vast numbers early in May, from the
“7th to the 9th of that month,.on the Ohio River. Having a
‘‘ white appearance when flying, they might be compared to flakes
‘‘of snow in a moderate fall of that meteor.” (Say.)

May it not belong to Brachycentrus? Can it be B. fuliginosus?

2. D. laterale.
Phryganea lateralis Say, Western Quart. Rep. 1823, II, p. 161, 3.

Black, above with cinereous hair, beneath with plumbeous hair;
antenne and mouth pale; feet whitish; abdomen black, with a
lateral pale stripe, and the apices of the segments pale; appendages
white; wings whitish, the anterior ones spotted with fuscous, a
common spot on the middle of the inner margin, and several near
the tip somewhat arranged into a band, the costal one of which is
larger; posterior wings white, immaculate. (From the descrip-
tion of Say.)

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim.

Hab. ‘‘Shippingsport, Kentucky, Ohio River; they appeared
‘‘in very great numbers at the banks of the Ohio on the 21st of
‘May; judging from the small space of about half a mile on the
‘Indiana side of the river, where I had the opportunity to see
‘them, their number could have been but little inferior to that of
‘‘ P. numerosa, which occurred a few days before, but of which a
‘‘specimen was now rarely to be seen.” (Say.)

May it not belong to Lrachycentrus?

HYDROPTILA DaAtman.

Spurs of the male arranged 0, 3, 4; female 0, 2, 4.

1. H. tenebrosa.
Hydroptila tenebrosa Walk. Catal. 134, 11.

Blackish ; antennee fuscous, the basal article larger, ovate; feet
testaceous; wings blackish-gray, ciliated, with black veins. (From
the description of Walker.) ;

Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Alar expanse 6 millim.

flab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

MOLANNA. 275

2. H. albicornis !
Hiydroptila albicornis Hagen!

Gray; antennz stout, snow-white, with the middle and apex
fuscous; palpi whitish; head with snow-white hair, the vertex
with fuscous hair; thorax fuscous ; feet whitish, the posterior ones
ciliated with white; anterior wings grayish-fuscous, ciliated with
gray, the margin and disk pointed with snow-white; posterior
wings gray, clothed and ciliated with gray hair. Female.

Length to tip of wings 34 millim. Alar expanse 6 millim.

Hab. St: Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

3. H. tarsalis!
Hydroptila tarsalis Hagen!

Gray; antenne somewhat robust, rather long, fuscous, with
gray hair; palpi black, the apex snow-white; head black, the
vertex white; thorax fuscous; feet whitish, anterior tibiz, spurs,
and tarsi fuscous, the latter annulated with white; posterior feet
with gray cilia; anterior wings fuscous, the anterior margin black,
ciliated with gray, and pointed with snow white; posterior wings
with gray hairs and cilia. Male.

Length to tip of wings 3 millim. Alar expanse 53 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

Is this the other sex of the preceding species ?

I. Maxillary palpi of both sexes with five articles.

Sub-Fam. LEPTOCERIDES.

Ocelli wanting; antenne setaceous, long, or extremely long ;
maxillary palpi elongated, hirsute, with the last article mobile.

MOLANNA Coetis.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4.

1. M. inconspicua.
Leptocerus inconspicuus Walk.! Catal. 71, 63.

Ferruginous, with pale hairs: base of the antenne testaceous ;

palpi and feet testaceous; abdomen blackish; wings gray, with
testaceous hair and pale veins. (From the description of Walker. )

276 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.
Hab. Georgia (Abbot). It is allied to AZ angustata.

2. M. cinerea!

Molanna cinerea Hagen!

Ferruginous, sparingly clothed with gray hair; antenne. stout,
ferruginous; palpi ferruginous; anterior feet ferruginous, the four
posterior ones gray, the tarsi with black spines; wings narrow,
gray, clothed with gray hair, the apex obsoletely marmorated with
fuscous ; posterior wings gray.

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken). Can this
be WM. inconspicua ?

3. M. rufa!
Molanna rufa Hagen! .

Rufo-fuscous, with fuscous hair; antenne and palpi rufous; feet
testaceous, the anterior ones and femora rufous ; abdomen fuscous;
wings fuscous, with rufous hair; posterior wings fuscous; veins
fuscous.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 18 millim.

Hab, Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken).

LEPTOCERUS LE&Eacu.

Spurs arranged 2, 2, 2; antennee of the males extremely long.

1. L. albostictus !
Leptocerus albostictus Hagen!

Luteous; antenne black, the basal half narrowly annulated with
white, the basal article rufous; palpi fuscous; head with snow-
white hair; abdomen fuscous; feet whitish, anterior tibia and
tarsi spotted with fuscous; anterior wings -luteous, all over very
finely pointed with white, and with an anal snow-white spot ; veins
luteous; cilia fuscous; posterior wings gray. Male.

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab. North America. (Collection of Hagen.)

2. L. lugens!
Leptocerus lugens Hagen !

Fuscous; antenne black, the basal half annulated with snow-

LEPTOCERUS. 207

white; palpi fuscous; head with snow-white hair; feet snow-
white, base of the femora fuscous, the four anterior tarsi spotted -
with fuscous; anterior wings rufo-fuscous, with fuscous hair, and
luteous hair intermixed, a whitish-yellow spot at the anal angle;
veins fuscous; cilia paler; posterior wings gray. Male and
females ;

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

3. L. dilutus !
Leptocerus dilutus Hagen!

_ Grayish-fuscous ; antenne fuscous, the basal half broadly annu-
lated with snow-white; palpi fuscous, with snow-white hair; head
with snow-white hair; feet snow-white, bases of the femora a little
obscured; abdomen fuscous; anterior wings gray, with luteous
hair, sometimes obsoletely varied’ with fuscous; veins gray; cilia
fuscous; with an anal yellowish spot; posterior wings gray.
Male and female.

Length to tip of wings 7—10 millim. Alar expanse 13—19
millim.

Hab. Chicago (Osten Sacken).

4. L. niger!

Phryganea nigra Linné.—Mystacides nigra Pict.! Phryg. 169, 10, pl. xii,
fig. 5.—Leptocerus niger Walk.! Catal. 58, 6. (With the synon-

ymy). '

Black, shining, with black hair; antenne black, the basal half
annulated with snow-white, the basal article rufous; head black,
shining; palpi very densely black-hirsute; abdomen black; feet
luteous, intermediate ones snow-white, tarsi spotted with fuscous ;
anterior wings steel-blue black, posterior wings blackish. Male.

Length to tip of wings 73 millim. Alar expanse 14 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken); it is found everywhere in
Europe.

5. L: sepulchralis.
Leptocerus sepulchralis Walk.! Catal. 70, 57.

Black, with black hair; antenne black, the base annulated with
white; apex of the abdomen ferruginous; feet testaceous; wings
blackish. (irom the description of Walker. )

278 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.
flab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton). Very closely allied to Z. ater, Pictet; is it distinct ?

6. L. variegatus!

Leptocerus variegatus Hagen !

Luteo-fuscous, with snow-white hair ; antenne luteo-fuscous, the
basal half annulated with snow-white, the basal article luteo-fus-
cous ; palpi fuscous, with gray hair; head fuscous, sparingly clothed
with white hair; feet gray, tarsi snow-white, spotted with fuscous;
anterior wings grayish-fuscous, with brown and gray hairs, spotted
with gray, especially at the apex, margin and anal angle; veins
stout, fuscous; posterior wings cinereous. Male.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. Chicago (Osten Sacken).

7. L. submacula.
Leptocerus submacula Walk.! Catal. 70, 59.

Black, with black hair; antenne extremely long; palpi hairy ;
tibize and tarsi testaceous; wings cinereous, the anterior ones
sprinkled with white, and with three whitish spots, the one basal,
the second discoidal, subcostal, and the third anal; veins black.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse .25 millim.

flab. St. Lawrence River. It is allied to Z. venosus Ramb.;
is it perhaps, Z. variegatus? ;

8. L. mentiens.
Leptocerus mentiens Walk. ! Catal. 71, 60.

Ferruginous, hairy; antenne black, annulated with white; palpi
hairy; tarsi banded with white; anterior wings cinereo-fuscous,
with ferruginous pubescence, veins ferruginous; posterior wings
cinereous. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn- -
ston). Is this L. lugens Hagen ?

9. L. incertus.
Leptocerus incertus Walk. ! Catal. 71, 61.

Obscure testaceous, with golden hair, and more scarce black pile;

LEPTOCERUS. 279

beneath whitish; antenne extremely long, whitish; palpi hairy;
apex of the abdomen ferruginous ; feet whitish; wings cinereous,
the anterior ones with golden pubescence. (From the description
of Walker.)
Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 12 millim.
Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

10. L. elegans.
Goéra elegans Walk.! Catal. 95, 5.

Testaceous, with testaceous pile; antenne annulated with black;
wings cinereous, the anterior ones with testaceous pubescence.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. North America ?

11. L. indecisus.
Goéra indecisa Walk. ! Catal. 95, 6.

Black, with black hair; feet ferruginous; antenne’ extremely
long; palpi very hairy; wings blackish, the anterior ones with fus-
cous_pubescence. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

12. L. latifascia.
Notidobia latifascia Walk! Catal. 90, 3.

Testaceous, with testaceous hair; antenne annulated with fus-
cous; anterior wings with a broad, oblique, fuscous band upon the
middle; posterior wings cinereous. (From the description of
Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.

Hab. North America.

13. L. transversus!

Leptocerus transversus Hagen!

Grayish-fuscous, with snow-white hair; antennz fuscous, annu-
lated with white, the basal article fuscous ; palpi fuscous, with gray
hair; head and thorax fuscous, with white and fuscous hair; feet

280 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

luteo-fuscous, with snow-white pile, tarsi spotted with fuscous; an-
terior wings fuscous, ciliated with fuscous, varied with cinereous,
and with an anal cinereous spot; veins stout, fuscous; posterior
wings cinereous ; abdomen luteous. Male and female.

Length to tip of wings 7—9 millim. Alar expanse 13-—17
millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken).

Leptocerus uwaroww Kol. Wien. Ent. Zeit. 1859, p. 58, is no-
ticed only by-name; it is entirely unknown to me.

SETODES Rausvr.

Spurs arranged 0, 2, 2.

1. S. exquisita!
Leptocerus exquisitus Walk.! Catal. 72, 65.

Pale yellow, with snow-white hair; antenne luteous, the base
annulated with fuscous, the basal article yellow, with snow-white
hair; head and thorax yellow, with snow-white hair; palpi and
abdomen yellow; feet snow-white; anterior wings snow-white,
with some transverse luteous bands, the apical ones maculose, im-
perfect ; at the apex of the posterior margin are four black spots,
and some obsolete black streaks; posterior wings snow-white.
Male and female. i

Length to tip of wings 8—13 millim. Alar expanse 15—2
millim. : :

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); Washington; St. Lawrence River,
Canada (Osten Sacken). This is an extremely beautiful species.

2. S. candida!
Setodes candida Hagen!

Pale yellow, with snow-white hair; antennz fascous, the basal
half yellowish, annulated with fuscous, the basal article yellow,
with snow-white pile; head and thorax with snow-white hair ; palpi,
abdomen, and feet pale yellow; anterior wings snow-white, with
luteous, sparse spots all over, which are sometimes obsolete; the
posterior margin a little marked with black, the anal angle ciliated
with black; posterior wings snow-white. Male and female. The
female is more and deeper spotted upon the wings than the male.

SETODES. 281

Length to tip of wings 12—15 millim. Alar expanse 23—28
millim.

Hab. Georgia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Zimmerman) ; Ohio
River; Florida (Osten Sacken); South Carolina (Zimmerman).

3. §. nivea!
Setodes nivea Hagen!

Brownish-black, with snow-white hair; antenne snow-white, the
base subannulated with fuscous, the basal article yellow, with snow-
white hair; head yellow, the disk brownish-black, with snow-white
hair ; thorax brownish-black, with snow-white hair; palpi and feet
pale; abdomen luteous; anterior wings snow-white, with fuscous
veins, at the apex transversely, obsoletely clouded ; posterior wings

snow-white. Male.
_ Length to tip of wings 15 millim. Alar expanse 28 millim.
Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

4, 8. ochracea!

Leptocerus ochraceus Curtis! Brit..Ent. Il, pl. 57; Steph. Illust. VI, 195,
1.—Phryganea hectica Zetterst. Ins. Lapp. 1072, 48.—Mystacides ob-
soleta Ramb.! Neuropt. 509, 4.—Leptocerus ochraceus Walk.! Catal.
57, 1.

- Pale ochreous; articles of the antenne subfuscous; head, tho-
rax, abdomen, palpi, and feet, pale ochreous,; anterior wings
ochreous, with ochreous pile ; veins a little deeper ; posterior wings
pale. Male and female.

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot) ; Europe everywhere.

I observed one specimen in the British Museum which was re-

ferred to Leptocerus (Molanna) inconspicuus.

5. S. ignita!
Leptocerus ignitus Walk.! Catal. 72, 64.

Pale testaceous, with testaceous hair; antennz snow-white, the
basal article testaceous; palpi with testaceous hair; head, thorax,
abdomen, and feet, pale; anterior wings testaceous-yellow, with
yellow hair and cilia, a point upon the middle of the posterior mar-
gin, and another anal one, black, with black almost elevated pile ;
posterior wings pale. Male.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.

282 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot); Washington (Osten Sacken); Mexico
(Deppe).

6. S. pavida!
Setodes pavida Hagen !

Pale yellow, with yellow hair; antenne pale, annulated obscure-
ly; palpi, head, thorax, abdomen, and feet, pale yellow; anterior
wings yellow, with yellow hair and veins, pointed with fuscous,
the points small, longitudinally placed in series; posterior wings
pale.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.

flab. Washington (Osten Sacken).

The specimen is damaged.

7. S. cinerascens !

Setodes cinerascens Hagen !

Pale fuscous, with cinereous hair; antenne (? pale) at base, with
cinereous hair; head, thorax, and palpi, fuscous, with cinereous
hair; feet luteous; anterior wings cinereous, with cinereous hair,
varied with fuscous; veins with dense and long cinereous and fus-
cous hair; cilia cinereous; posterior wings cinereous.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken).

The specimen is mutilated.

8. S. flaveolata!
Setodes flaveolata Hagen!

Pale yellow, with yellow hair; antenne whitish-yellow, a little
annulated with fuscous, the basal article yellow; palpi, head, tho-
rax, and feet, pale yellow; anterior wings yellow-ochreous, with
yellow hair, veins, and cilia; posterior wings cinereous. Male and
female.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken) ; New Orleans.

9. S. resurgens.
Leptocerus resurgens Walk.! Catal. 70, 58.

Fuscous, with whitish hair; palpi and feet fulvous, a little co-
vered with whitish hair; anterior wings fuscous, with white spots

SETODES. 283

at the base, and at the disk and apex of the apical areoles; pos-
terior wings cinereous. (From the description of Walker.)
Length to tip of wings 16 millim. Alar expanse 30 millim. ©
Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton).

1O. S. albida.
Leptocerus albidus Walk.! Catal. 71, 62.

Fuscous, with whitish hair; base of the antenne annulated with
white; palpi testaceous; feet whitish; wings whitish, with testa-
ceous veins. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton).

Allied to S. resurgens ;—may it not be immature ?

ll. S. injusta!
Setodes injusta Hagen!

Luteous, with luteous hair; antenne luteous, subannulated with
fuscous; palpi with luteo-fuscous pile; feet and abdomen pale lu-
teous; anterior wings luteous, with ochreous pile and cilia, the
anterior margin at base a little obscurer; the anal angle a little
fuscous, and ciliated with fuscous hair; posterior wings luteous,
with pale cilia. Male.

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken); Chicago (id.).

12. S. immobilis!

Setodes immobilis Hagen !

Fuscous, with luteous hair; antennze fuscous, the basal article
luteous; palpi with fuscous hair; head and thorax fuscous; feet
luteous; abdomen fusco-luteous; anterior wings fuscous, with lu-
teous hair, the margin obsoletely spotted with fuscous, ciliated
with fuscous; posterior wings brown-gray, with gray cilia. Male.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

13. S. micans!
Setodes micans Hagen!

Luteous, with fuscous hair; antennee whitish-yellow, the basal

Q84 i NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

article luteous; palpi with fuscous hair; head and abdomen luteous;
feet whitish-yellow ; anterior wings luteo-fuscous, subnude, the disk
shining purple, anastomosis fuscous, cilia long, fuscous; posterior
wings obscure, entirely shining purplish, with fuscous cilia.
Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 15 millim.
ffab. Washington (Osten Sacken); Mexico (Deppe).
Is this Z. tncertus Walker ?

14. S. sagitta!
Setodes sagitta Hagen!

Luteous, with luteous hair; antenne whitish, a little annulated
with fuscous; palpi with fuscous hair; head and thorax luteous;
feet whitish-yellow; anterior wings luteous, subnude, ciliated with
luteous, anastomosis and apical margin spotted with fuscous ; pos-
terior wings gray, the apex long, acute, narrow, ciliated with gray.
Male.

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 21 millim.

flab, Florida (Osten Sacken). ‘

Sub-Fam. HYDROPSYCHIDHES.

Ocelli none or three; the last article of the maxillary palpi very
long, filiform, multiarticulate. ‘

MACRONEMA Pictet.

Spurs arranged 2, 2, 4; ocelli absent; antenne extremely long;
the second article of the maxillary palpi longer than the first, the
fifth extremely long; intermediate feet of the females dilated.

1. M. pallidum!

Leptonema pallida Guérin, Icon. Regn. Anim. Texte. 396; Walk. Catal.
78, 1.—Macronema albovirens Walk.! Catal. 76, 9.

Pale testaceous, almost unclothed; antenne pale, slightly annu-
lated with fuscous; palpi, head, thorax, abdomen and feet pale tes-
taceous; wings pale, anterior ones hardly clothed with testaceous
hair, veins pale. Male and female.

Length to tip of wings 18 millim. Alar expanse 34 millim.

Hab. Vera Cruz, Mexico (Sallé); Cordova (Saussure); Vene-
zuela (Appun); Brazil (Classen).

MACRONEMA. 285

2. M. chalybeum!
Macronema chalybeum Hagen!

Blackish-fuscous ; antennz black, the basal article orange; head
orange, each side anteriorly with an oblique fuscous line; palpi
black; thorax rufous, the disk fuscous; feet bright sulphureous ;
abdomen luteous; anterior wings blackish-fuscous, nude, with a
steel-blue reflection, veins with golden hair; posterior wings fus-
cous. Male.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab, Cuba (Poey).

3. M. aeneum!

Macronema aeneum Hagen!

Fuscous; antenne, ? basal article fulvous; palpi fuscous; head
fulvous; thorax fulvous, each side with a fuscous stripe; abdomen
luteous ; tibiz fulvous, all the tarsi and the posterior tibize fuscous;
anterior wings nude, fuscous, with a brilliant brazen reflection,
veins fuscous; posterior wings fuscous. Female.

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hiab. Mexico (Sallé).

May it not be the female of the preceding? The specimen is
mutilated. —

4. M. flavum!

Macronema flavum Hagen !

Yellow, pale; antenne yellow, slightly annulated with fuscous;
palpi, head, thorax, feet, and abdomen pale yellow; anterior wings
yellow, subnude, a little clothed with golden hair, veins and cilia
yellow; posterior wings whitish-yellow, ciliated with pale. Male.

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 17 millim.

Hab. St. Louis, Missouri (Osten Sacken).

5. M. zebratum!
Macronema zebratum Hagen!

Brassy-fuscous, spotted with yellow; antenne black, head, tho-
rax and abdomen brassy-fuscous; palpi yellow; feet yellow, the
anterior tibia and base of the femora a little infuscated ; posterior
tibia with long, yellow spines; anterior wings subnude, yellow,
with longitudinal stripes at base, and transverse ones on the disk,

286 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

fuscous; the apex fuscous, with an orbicular, yellow spot; poste-
rior wings cinereous, the anterior margin and pterostigma yellow.
Male and female.

Var. Anterior wings less spotted, the basal stripes shorter, the
disk spotted, and the apex with an incurved band, which has the
open side inwards, fuscous. !

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada; Washington; Virginia
(Osten Sacken); Maryland; Niagara Falls; immensely common
upon the foliage of trees on Goat Island (Uhler).

I possess a very small specimen from Washington, only 11 mil-
lim. long; but it is not different. Sometimes the bands of the
wings are almost altogether confluent.

6. M. cupreum!
Macronema cuprea Walk. Catal. 76, 8.

Fuscous; antenne fuscous, with the base luteous, the incisures
fuscous ; face, palpi and feet luteous; head and thorax fuscous,
partly clothed with golden pile; anterior wings luteo-fuscous, with
golden hair, before the apex clouded with black; posterior wings
luteo-cinereous, the anterior margin luteous.

Length to tip of wings 17—20 millim. Alar expanse 3234
millim.

Hab. Mexico (Deppe); Brazil.

I saw a male and female from Mexico in the Berlin Museum
(immature specimens), the wings were luteo-fuscous, the golden pile
was almost wanting or rubbed off; the other specimens from Brazil
are not different.

Does I. auripenne, Rambur, differ from this species?

HYDROPSYCHE Picter.

Spurs arranged 2, 4,4; antenne rather long, slender; ocelli
absent; second article of the maxillary palpi long, the fifth equal
to all of the others together; intermediate feet of the female
dilated.

l. H. scalaris!
Hydropsyche scalaris Hagen !

Black-gray, with white hair; antenne luteous, the base obliquely
striated with black, the first article with snow-white hair; head

HYDROPSYCHE. 287

erayish-fuscous, with snow-white hair; thorax grayish-fuscous,
with a broad, medial stripe of white hair; eyes of the male larger,
approximated; palpi luteo-fuscous; abdomen fuscous; feet pale
luteous; anterior wings blackish-gray, densely flecked with white;
veins black ; posterior wings cinereous, luteous at base. Male
and female.

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken); Washington.
I possess a male from N. Red River (Kennicott) which is extremely
like this, but the eyes are larger, more approximate, the front
hardly broader than the eyes. Is it different?

2. H. morosa! Q
Hydropsyche morosa Hagen!

Luteo-fuscous, with luteous hair; antenne luteous yellow, an-
nulated with fuscous; palpi fuscous; head and thorax luteo-fus-
cous, with luteous hair; feet luteous; abdomen fuscous; anterior
wings luteo-fuscous, densely guttated with luteous, veins luteo-
fuscous; posterior wings luteo-cinereous. Male and female.

Length to tip of wings 10—13 millim. Alar expanse 19—25
millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada; Washington (Osten Sac-
ken); N. Red River (Kennicott); Trenton Falls, New York
(Osten Sacken).

3. H. phalerata!
Hydropsyche phalerata Hagen !

Fuscous, with luteous hair; antenne fuscous, annulated with
luteous; palpi and feet Iuteous; head and thorax fuscous, with
luteous hair; anterior wings fuscous, guttated with luteous, with
larger spots at the base, pterostigma and anal angle; veins fuscous;
posterior wings blackish-gray. Male and female.

A variety has the anterior wings less spotted, the female ob-
scurer. :

Length to tip of wings 7—10 millim. Alar expanse 13—19
millim.

flab. St. Lawrence River, Canada; Washington (Osten Sac-
ken); Pennsylvania (Zimmerman).

288 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4, H. alternans.
Philopotamus alternans Walk.! Catal. 104, 8.

Black, with hoary hair; base of the antenne fulvous; feet and
apices of the abdominal segments fulvous; anterior wings fus-
cous, closely irrorated with hoary; posterior wings cinereous.
‘(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

5. H. indecisa.
Philopotamus indecisus Walk.! Catal. 104, 9. .

Blackish, beneath testaceous, antenne testaceous, annulated with
fuscous; palpi testaceous, fulvous at base; feet testaceous; ante-
rior wings. cinereous, closely guttated with yellow. (From the
description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston); Nova Scotia (Redman).

Is this H, morosa ?

6. H. reciproca.
Philopotamus reciprocus Walk.! Catal. 104, 10.

_ Blackish; antenne and feet testaceous; palpi ferruginous, with
the base black; anterior wings subfuscous, closely irrorated with
yellow; posterior wings pale fuscous. (From the description of
Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 14 millim. Alar expanse 27 millim.

Hab. North America ?

It is very much like A. indecisa.

7. H. dubia.
Hydropsyche dubia Walk.! Catal. 112, 33.

Black, beneath testaceous; antenne pale testaceous, annulated
with fuscous, the apex fuscous; palpi ferruginous; feet testaceous;
anterior wings subfuscous, obsoletely irrorated; posterior wings
subcinereous. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. North America?

HYDROPSYCHE. 289

8. H. dubitans.
_ Hydropsyche dubitans Walk.! Catal. 113, 34.

Piceous, with pale hair; antenne testaceous, the apex black ;
pectus ferruginous; palpi, feet and apices of the abdominal seg-
ments testaceous; wings cinereous, the anterior ones with fuscous
hair and some paler spots, composed of yellow pile. (From the
description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 11 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. North America (Doubleday).

9. H. maculicornis.
Hydropsyche maculicornis Walk.! Catal. 113, 36.

Blackish, hairy ; antennz testaceous, annulated with fuscous ;
palpi pale; pectus ferruginous; feet testaceous; anterior wings
fusco-cinereous, with obsolete irrorations ; posterior wings cine-
reous. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 15 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

10. H. robusta.
Hydropsyche robusta Walk.! Catal. 114, 37.

Ferruginous, hairy ; antenne, palpi and feet testaceous; thorax
bivittated with piceous; wings cinereous, somewhat covered with ,
yellow hair; the anterior wings with pale spots, which are clearer
at the margin. (From the description of Walker. )

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 17 millim.

Hab. North America ?

ll. H. transversa.
Hydropsyche transversa Walk.! Catal. 114, 38.

Testaceous; antenne black, testaceous at base; abdomen black,
apices of the segments pale; feet white; wings whitish, the ante-
rior ones on the front margin and at the veins, yellow, with nume-
rous, transverse cinereous spots, part of which are confluent; the
apex subcinereous, spotted with pale; veins pale yellow. (From
the description of Walker.) |

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

290 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA,

12. H. chlorotica!
Hydropsyche chlorotica Hagen!

Pale ochreous, with ochreous hair; antenne ochreous at base,
annulated with fuscous, the apex fuscous; palpi fuscous; feet lute-
ous; head and thorax luteo-fuscous, with luteous hair; abdomen
luteous ; anterior wings ochreous, the anal angle and apical margin
ciliated. with fuscous; posterior wings cinereous. Male and fe-
male.

Length to tip of wings 10—12 millim. Alar expanse 19—23
millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada; Chicago; Trenton Falls
(Osten Sacken); N. Red River (Kennicott).

13. H. depravata!
Hydropsyche depravata Hagen!

Blackish-fuscous ; antenne blackish-fuscous, the base annulated
with luteous; palpi blackish-fuscous; head, thorax and abdomen
fuscous; feet brownish-luteous; anterior wings blackish-fuscous,
obsoletely irrorated with luteous; posterior wings blackish-gray.
Female.

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. Dalton, Georgia (Osten Sacken).

One specimen only, which is not fully unfolded.

14. H. sordida!
Hydropsyche sordida Hagen !

Blackish-fuscous ; antennz and-palpi fuscous; head and thorax
blackish-fuscous, with luteous hair; feet luteo-fuscous, femora fus-
cous; anterior wings blackish-fuscous, with fuscous hair; posterior
wings blackish. Male and female.

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 15 millim.,

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken); Washing-
ton (id.).

15. H. incommoda!
Hydropsyche incommoda Hagen!

Luteous, with luteous hair; antenne, palpi and feet luteous ;

head and thorax luteous, with Inteous hair; anterior wings luteous,
with luteous veins, and obsoletely irrorated with brownish-gray,

PHILOPOTAMUS, 291

especially at the pterostigma; posterior wings luteous; posterior
tibie ciliated. Male.
Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.
Hab. Georgia (Collection of Hagen).

' 16. H. bivittata!

Hydropsyche? bivittata Hagen!

Black, with black hair; antenne pale whitish-yellow; palpi
luteo-fuscous ; feet whitish, the four posterior femora, tibie, and
the apices of the tarsi brownish-black; wings black, the anterior
ones with black hair, and two white, transverse streaks, the apical
one interrupted.

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Alar expanse 11 millim.

Hab. Panama. The specimen is mutilated ;—does it belong to
this genus ?

PHILOPOTAMUS Lzacz.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4; ocelli three.

l. P. confusus.
Philopotamus confusus Walk.! Catal. 103, 7.

Black, with hoary pile; base of the antenne annulated with tes-
taceous; abdomen beneath, palpi and feet testaceous; wings cine-
reous, the anterior ones obsoletely irrorated with pale. (From the
description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 12 millim. Alar expanse 23 millim.

Hab. Arctic America; Slave and Mackenzie Rivers (Richard-
son). ;

2. P. distinctus.
Philopotamus distinctus Walk. ! Catal. 104, 11.

Black, with black and yellow hair; antenne much longer than
the body ; palpi and feet testaceous; anterior wings brownish-gray,
closely guttated with yellow. (From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Alar expanse 11 millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls, New York (Doubleday).

Does the apterous female of Philopotamus observed by Double-
day at the same place belong here? See Entomol. Mag. v. 279.

299 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

POLYCENTROPUS Cogtis.

Spurs arranged 38, 4, 4; ocelli absent; female with the interme-
diate feet dilated; antenne thick, rather short.

I. P. validus.
Polycentropus validus Walk. ! Catal. 100, 10.

Blackish, with yellow hair, beneath ferruginous; maxillary palpi
testaceous, the first article black ; antenne stout, fulvous; feet tes-
taceous ; wings cinereous, with yellow pubescence. (From the de-
scription of Walker.) a

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 15 millim.

Hab. United States (Doubleday).

2. P. crassicornis.
Polycentropus crassicornis Walk. ! Catal. 101, 11.

Ferruginous, densely clothed with yellow hair, beneath testa-
ceous; antenne stout, fulvous; palpi and feet testaceous; wings
cinereous, the anterior ones with yellow pubescence and irroration.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings T—9 millim. Alar expanse 13—16
millim.

Hab. Georgia (Abbot).

A variety has the anterior wings immaculate.

3. P. invarius. .
Polycentropus invarius Walk. ! Catal. 101, 12.

Fulvous, with golden hair; vertex and disk of the thorax black;
antenne black, the base fulvous; feet testaceous; anterior wings.
subfuscous, with ferruginous veins; posterior wings cinereous.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.

Hab. Nova Scotia (Redman).

4, P. crepuscularis.
Brachycentrus crepuscularis Walk. | Catal. 87, 6.

Black, with luteous hair; antenne testaceous, obsoletely annu-
lated with fuscous, the apex black; apices of the abdominal seg-
ments, and the legs testaceous ; wings cinereous, the anterior ones |

POLYCENTROPUS. 293

with testaceous pubescence, veins fulvous. (From the description
of Walker.)
Length to tip of wings 9 millim. Alar expanse 16 millim.
Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barns-
ton).

5. P. vestitus.
Polycentropus vestitus Hagen!

Luteo-fuscous, with fuscous hair; antenne yellow, a little annu-
lated with fuscous; palpi luteous; feet luteo-fuscous, the tarsi ob-
soletely annulated with yellow; head and thorax with fuscous hair;
the disk with yellow hair; anterior wings fuscous, with fuscous
hair; posterior wings black. Male.

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken).

6. P. cinereus!
Polycentropus cinereus Hagen!

Fuscous, with fuscous and whitish hair; antenne fuscous, annu-
lated with white; palpi luteous, head with white hair, occiput each
side with fuscous hair; disk of the thorax with white hair; feet luteo-
fuscous, the femora luteous; abdomen fuscous, beneath pale; an-
terior wings fuscous, with fuscous veins, and closely guttated with
white; posterior wings blackish-gray, ciliated with black. Male
and female.

Length to tip of wings 8—10 millim. Alar expanse 15—19
millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

7. P. confusus !
Polycentropus confusus Hagen!

Fuscous, with luteous hair; antenne yellow, annulated with fus-
cous; palpi fuscous, annulated with pale; disk of the head with
luteous hair; feet luteo-fuscous; abdomen fuscous; the apex in the
female triangular, acute; the anterior wings fuscous, closely gut-
tated with yellow; posterior wings brownish-cinereous. Male and
female.

Length to tip of wings 8—10 millim. Alar expanse 15—19
millim.

Hab. Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Washington (id.).

294 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

8. P. lucidus!
Polycentropus lucidus Hagen!

Luteous, subnude; antenne luteo-fuscous, obsoletely annulated ;
palpi luteous; head and thorax luteo-fuscous, prothorax yellow ;
feet luteous; wings fusco-hyaline, with fuscous veins, the anterior
ones subnude, in part a little clothed with luteous pile. Male. ’

Length to tip of wings 7 millim. Alar expanse 13 millim,

Hab. Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken); Pennsylvania (Zimmer-
man).

The specimen may have been defaced, and is possibly immature.

PSYCHOMYIA LATREILLE.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4; second, third and fourth articles of the
maxillary palpi equal, longer than the first; wings rather acute,
narrow ; ocelli absent; apex of the abdomen of the female acute,
recurved.

1. P. flavida!
Psychomyia flavida Hagen!

Yellow, with ochreous hair; antenne whitish, with obsolete
annulations; palpi and feet whitish; head and thorax luteous;
anterior wings yellow, with dense ochreous hair and cilia; poste-
rior wings cinereous, acute, with cinereous hair.

Length to tip of wings 5 millim. Alar expanse 9 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken); Washing-
ton (id.). |

2. P. parva.
Hydroptila? parva Walk.! Catal. 134, 12.

Testaceous; dorsum of the abdomen piceous; wings whitish.
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Alar expanse 6 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

The type is very much mutilated ; it certainly is not an Hydrop-
tila. Does it belong to this genus?

TINODES—RHYACOPHILA. 295

TINODES STEPHENS.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4; ocelli absent, the third article of the
maxillary palpi longer than the others, almost equal to the fifth ;
apex of the abdomen of the female acute, recurved.

1. T. livida!

Tinodes? livida Hagen!

Luteous, with gray hair; antenne luteous; palpi luteo-fuscous;
feet pale, the anterior ones luteous; head and thorax luteo fuscous,
with luteous hair; anterior wings gray, with gray hair and an
anal luteous spot ; posterior wings grayish hyaline. Female.

Length to tip of wings 8 millim. Alar expanse 15 millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

Does it belong to this genus?

2. T. hirtipes.
Tinodes? hirtipes Curtis, Append. to Sir John Ross’s Second Voyage.
Wiegmann’s Archiv. Zool. II, 1, 288.

Grayish-piceous; wings pale fuscous; it has the habitus of a
Tinodes, but the reticulation is different ; posterior tibiz with only
two spurs.

Alar expanse 19 millim.

Hab. Arctic America.

Is it a Tinodes ?

Sub-Fam. RHYACOPHILIDES.

Maxillary palpi with the last article entire, straight, shorter than
the rest.

RHYACOPHILA Picr.
Spurs arranged 3, 4, 4; three ocelli.
1. R. fuscula.
Neuronia fuscula Walk.! Catal. 10, 12.

-Ferruginous, partly with black hair, beneath testaceous ; thorax
each side with a subfuscous spot; feet testaceous, apex of the an-
terior tibiz fuscous; wings cinereous, the anterior ones irrorated

296 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

with whitish and with many marginal gutte. (From the descrip-
tion of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 13 millim. Alar expanse 25 millim.

Hab, St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

It is allied to &. vulgaris Pict.

2. R. torva!
Rhyacophila torva Hagen!

Rufo-fuscous ; antenn and palpi rufo-fuscous ; head and thorax
brownish-black; feet testaceous; abdomen luteous ; wings fusco-
hyaline, with fuscous veins; anterior ones with dense luteous
gutte. Male.

Length to tip of wings 10 millim. Alar expanse 19 millim.

flab. Washington; Trenton Falls (Osten Sacken).

BERAEA STEPHENS.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4; palpi densely pilose; the first article
of the antenne thick, pilose; no ocelli.

l. B. maculata!
Beraea? maculata Hagen !

Black, with black hair; antenne yellow, the base, middle and
apex blackish-fuscous ; palpi fuscous ; feet whitish, annulated with
black; abdomen pale beneath; anterior wings black, with black
hair and cilia, with two white, transverse apical lines, and the apex
pointed with white; posterior wings black, the anterior at the
apex emarginated.

Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Alar expanse ik millim.

Hab. St. Lawrence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

Does it belong to this genus?

2. B. viridiventris.
Phryganea viridiventris Say, West. Quart. Report. II, 160, 1.

Pale fuscous, with cinereous hair; antenne pale fuscous, the
base whitish; feet, head, and thorax beneath, white; abdomen
green; the anterior wings blackish, ciliated, beyond the middle
with a few whitish spots, somewhat arranged in two bands;

CHIMARRHA. 297

posterior wings black; intermediate tarsi dilated. (From the de-
scription of Say.)
_ Length to tip of wings 4 millim. Alar expanse 7} millim.
Hab. Cincinnati, Ohio River, May; common (Say).
Is this not B. maculata?

CHIMARRHA Lzacz.

Spurs arranged 2, 4, 4; basal joint of the maxillary palpi short,
the others longer, equal; three ocelli. :

1. C. aterrima!

Chimarrha aterrima Hagen!

Deep black, with black hair; body, antenne, palpi and feet black,
the front with hardly hoary hair; anterior wings with black hair.
Male and female.

Length to tip of wings 6—8 millim. Alar expanse 11—15
millim.

Hab. Pennsylvania; Washington; Dalton, Georgia; St. Law-
rence River, Canada (Osten Sacken).

2. C. socia!
Chimarrha socia Hagen!

Blackish-fuscous, with fuscous hair; antenne blackish-fuscous ;
palpi and feet luteous; head and thorax blackish-fuscous, with
luteous hair; anterior wings blackish-fuscous, with fuscous hair,
and black cilia; posterior wings blackish-hyaline.

Length to tip of wings 6 millim. Alar expanse 11 millim.

Hab. Washington (Osten Sacken).

3. C. obscura.
Beraea obscura Walk.! Catal. 121, 4.

Blackish, with fuscous hair; thorax and abdomen ferruginots ;
feet testaceous; antenne black; wings brownish-black, ciliated. |
(From the description of Walker.)

Length to tip of wings 44 millim. Alar expanse 8 millim.

Hab. St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Barn-
ston).

Does it belong to this genus ?

298 NEUROPTERA OF NORTH AMERICA.

4. C. pulchra!
Chimarrha pulchra Hagen !

Brownish-black, with golden hair; antennee and palpi brownish-
black; head and thorax orange, with golden hair; abdomen
testaceous; feet brownish-black, the posterior femora testaceous ;
anterior wings brownish-black, with a longitudinal, broad, golden
stripe, which is a little incurved towards the apex, at the-anterior
margin reaching to the pterostigma; posterior wings black.

Length to tip of wings 8—10 millim. Alar expanse 15—19
millim.

Hab. Cuba (Poey, Osten Sacken).

Ptilostomis kowalewskti Kol., from North America, Wien. Ent.
Zeit. 1859, p. 21 (a new genus separated from Ahyacophila), is
noticed only by name. It is unknown to me.

bal ok

SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. |

Fam. I, TERMITINA.

Calotermes Hagen.

castaneus! (Compare North Am. Neur.).
Has. Columbia, Venezuela; Brazil, Rio, St. Leopold; Chile.
nodulosus! Calotermes nodulosus Hagen, Linnea, XII, 61, 11; pl. ii,
fig. 4.
Has. Brazil, St. Joio del Rey.
rugosus! Calotermes rugosus Hacen, Linnea, XII, 63, 12; pl. iii, fig. 4.
Has. Brazil, Constancia near Rio.
brevis! (See North Amer. Neur.).
Has. St. Fe de Bogota; Brazil.
serrifer! Calotermes serrifer Hacen, Linnea, XII, 72,19; pl. i. fig. 6.
Has. Santarem (Bates).

Hodotermes Hagen.

quadricollis! Termes quadricollis Rur.! Neuropt. 304, 4. Linnea, XII,
101, 12; pl. i. fig. 10. Termes chilensis Gay! Fn. Chil. Neuropt.
pl. i. fig. 1—3. Termes pallidus WAux.! Catal. Br. Mus. 504, 2.
Has. Chili (Gay).

Termes Linné.

dirus! Termes dirus Buru.! Hdb. I, 766, 8. Rams.! Neuropt. 307, 13.
Watk.! Catal. Br. Mus. 510,9. Haczn! Peters’ Reise Mozambique,
II, 83; pl. iv, fig. 1—8. Linnea! XII, 151,14; pl. i. fig. 7; pl. ii,
figs. 16,17; pl. iii, figs. 17, 37—40. T. flavicollis Perry! Delect.
128, pl. xxv, figs. 11, 13. TZ. fatalis Perry! Delect. 127, pl. xxv,
fig. 8. Termes costatus Rams.! Neuropt. 305,9. Termes obscurum ~
BLANCHARD, Hist. Ins. pl. xlvii, fig. 1. Wexstwoop! Introd. II, 12,
fig. 58,1. (Soldier.) Termes spinosum Latr.! Hist. Nat. XII; 70, 8.
Dictionn. d’hist. Nat. XXII, 63. Termes dubius Rams.! Neuropt.
309,17.

Has. Guiana; Brazil, Amazon, Carcara, Rio, Congonhas, Lagoa
Santa (Burmeister).

800 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

grandis! Termes grandis Rams.! Neuropt. 306, 10. Wax. Catal. Br.
Mus. 519, 20. Hagen! Linnea, XII, 157,15; pl. ii, fig. 10; pl. iii,
fig. 18. Termes decumanus Ericus.! Schomburgk, Reise Guiana, III,
582,1. Termes costatus WALK. Catal. Br. Mus. 518, 19. Termes
Juscum Latr.? Hist. Nat. XIII, 68, 2. Dictionn. d’hist. Nat. XXII, 60.
Has. Cayenne; British Guiana.

molestus! Termes molestus Burm.! Hdb. II, 766,9. Watx. Catal. Br.
Mus. 512,10. Hacen! Linnea, XII, 159, 16, pl. iii. fig. 19.
Has. Brazil; Amazon.

nigricans! Termes nigricans Rams.! Neuropt. 308, 14. Watx. Catal.
Br. Mus. 519, 23. Hacen! Linnea, XII, 162,18. Termes trinervius
? HaceEn, Peters’ Reise Mozamb. II, 85. Termes destructor Fasr.?.
Entom. Syst. II, 89,2. Termes cephalotes Rams.? Neuropt. 309, 18.
Has. Brazil.

cumulans! Termes cumulans Kouuar! Pohl’s Reise Brazil. I, 111, fig. 9.
Koitar! Brazil. laestige Insect. 13, fig. 9. Hacren! Linnea, XII,
165,19; pl. ii, fig. 11; pl. iii, fig. 20. Termes Americanus RENGGER?
Reine Parewiy: Parines paliideeenus BLANCHARD ? Voyage d’Or-
bigny.
Has. Brazil, Ypanema; Barra do Rio Negro (Natterer).

similis! Termes similis Hacen! Linnea, XII, 167, 20; pl. i, fig. 5; pl.
iii, fig. 21.
Has. Brazil, Lagoa Santa, Congonhas (Burmeister) ; Para.

striatus! Termes striatus Hacen! Linnga, XII, 171, 21.
Has. Brazil.

cingulatus! Termes cingulatus Burm.! Hdb. II, 767,13. Wax. Catal.
Br. Mus. 515,14. Hacen! Linnea, XII, 187, 28; pl. i, fig. 13; pl.
iii, fig. 24. ;
Has. Brazil, Porto Allegro; British Guiana (Schomburgk).

marabitanas! Termes marabitanas Hacen! Linnea, XII, 191, 29; pl. i,
fig. 4; pl. ili, fig. 25.
Has. een St. Jose de Meceleaaned (Natterer).

tenebrosus ! Becages tenebrosus Hacren! Linnea, XII, 193, 30.
Has. Brazil, Ypanema, New Friburg, near Rio.

ater! Termes ater Hacen! Linnea, XII, 195, 31; pl. iii, fig. 26. Termes
morio WALK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 514, 42.
Has. Brazil, New Friburg (Burmeister) ; Columbia.

opacus! Termes opacus Hacen! Linnea, XII, 196, 32; pl. iii, fig. 27;
pli ne. 9:
Has. Brazil, Lagoa Santa, Congonhas (Burmeister) ; Para; Cassa-

pava.

testaceus! Hemerobius testaceus Linné'! Syst. Nat. X, 550, 6; XII, 912,
8; XIII, 2641, 8. Termes testaceus Burm.! Hdb. II, 767,10. Haczn!
Linnea, XII, 198, 33; pl. ii, fig. 12; pl. iii, fig. 28. Termes morio
Fasr. Entom. Syst. II, 90, 3. Rams.! Neuropt. 305, 7. Enxicus.!
Reise Guiana Schomburgk. III, 582, 2. Termes nasutus Watk.!
Catal. Br. Mus. 506, 5. Perla fusca DecEER! Mém. III, 567, 1; pl.
xxvii, figs. 4,5. Rerzius, 60, 205.
Has. Surinam; Cayenne; British Guiana; Venezuela, Puerto Ca-

bello; Brazil, Para; Chili, Valparaiso; Santarem.

OLYNTHA. 301

morio! (See Catal. North Amer. Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela; Brazil, Santarem (Bates).

simplicinervis! Termes simplicinervis HAcEN! Linnea, XII, 204, 35.
Has. Brazil, Santarem (Bates).

debilis! (See North Amer. Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil, Congonhas (Burmeister).

exiguus! Termes exiguus Hacen! Linnea, XII, 208, 39.
Has. Brazil, Santarem (Bates).

trispinosus! Termes trispinosus Hacey! Linnea, XII, 210, 41; pl. i
fig. 11.
Has. Brazil, Santarem (Bates) Miles.

rippertii! (See North Amer. Neuropt.)
Has. Columbia; Brazil, New Friburg; Ypanema.

arenarius! Termes arenarius Hacen! Linnea, XII, 222,50. Termes tes-
taceus WALK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 513, 11.
Has. Brazil, Santarem (Bates).

albidus! Termes albidus Hacen! Linnea, XII, 225, 51; pl. iii. 34.
Has. Brazil, Santarem (Bates).

devastans! Termes devastans Kouiar! Pohl’s Reise Brasil. I, fig. 8. Koz-

LAR! Brasil. laestig. Insect. 13, fig. 8. Hagen! Linnea, XII, 229,
54. .
Has. Brazil, Rio.

tenuis! (See North Amer. Neuropt.)

Has. Brazil. .

marginalis! Hemerobius marginalis Lixsné! Syst. Nat. X, 550, 7; XII,
912,9. Termes marginalis Hacen! Linnea, XII, 234. Perla nasuta
Dr Geer! Mém. III, 568; pl. xxvii, fig. 6, 7. Rerztus, 60, 206.
Termes nasutum Latr. Hist. Nat. XIII, 69,4. Dictionn. d’hist. Nat.
XXII, 61. Buoura.! Hdb. II, 764, 4. ‘
Has. Surinam.

nasutus! Termes nasutum Perty! Delect. 127, pl. xxv, fig. 10. Hagen!
Linnea, XII, 237, 59, pl. ii, fig. 14; pl. iii, fig. 1.
Has. Brazil.

Fam. Il. EMBIDINA.

Olynutha Gray.

‘brasiliensis. Olyntha Brasiliensis Gray! Griff. Anim. Kingd. XV, 347;
pl. lxxii, fig. 2. Wesrw.! Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII, 373; pl. ii, fig.
3. Burm. Hdb. I, 770,1. Watx.! Catal. Br. Mus. 532, 1.
Has. Brazil.

ruficapilla. Olyntha ruficapilla Borm. Hdb. II, 770,.2. Wax. Catal.
Br. Mus. 532, 2.
Has. Brazil, Venezuela?

klugii. Embia Klugii Rams. Neuropt. 313, 3. Wax. Catal. Br. Mus.
530, 3.
Has. Brazil.

Olyntha staphilinoides WauxK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 532, 3, from Brasil. Is

it Forficula?

302 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Fam. III. PSOCINA. :

Thyrsophorus Burmeister.

speciosus! Thyrsophorus-speciosus Burm.! Hdb. II, 782,1. Watx. Catal.
Br. Mus. 478, 1. Thyrsophorus spinolae Rsr.! Neuropt. 318, 1.
Watx.! Catal. Br. Mus. 479, 3.
Has. Brazil, Para.

pennicornis! Thyrsophorus pennicornis Buru.! Hdb. II, 782, 2. Wax.
Catal. Br. Mus. 478, 2. Thyrsophorus ramosus Waux.! Catal. Br.
Mus. 480, 5.
Has. Brazil, Bahia, Para.

leucotelus. Thyrsophorus leucotelus WALK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 479, 4.
Has. Brazil, Para.

anticus. Thyrsophorus anticus WALK. ! Catal. Br. Mus. 480, 6.
Has. Brazil, Para.

Psocus Latreille.

fuscipennis! Psocus fuscipennis Burm.! Hdb. II, 778,9. Wak. Catal.
Br. Mus. 484, 8.
Has. Brazil.

opacus! Psocus opacus Hacen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

sticticus! Psocus sticticus HAcEn, Colleet.
Has. Brazil. ‘

albicinctus! Psocus albicinetus HAcEn, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

lepidus! Psocus lepidus HacEn, Collect. '
Has. Brazil.

quadrisignatus! Psocus quadrisignatus HAcEN, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

pictus! Psocus pictus Hacen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

marginatus! Psocus marginatus HAGEN, Collect.
Has. Brazil. 5

Fam. IV. PERLINA.

Perla Geoffroy.

nubes. ferla nubes Pict. Perl. 174,9; pl. ix, fig. 7,8. Wank. Catal.
Br. Mus. 145, 14.
Has. America.

braziliensis. Perla braziliensis Pict. Perl. 216, 24; pl. xviii, fig. 3.
Watk. Catal. Br. Mus. 151, 36.
Has. Brazil.

intermixta. Perla intermixta WAuK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 153, 42.
Has. Venezuela.

luteicollis. Perla luteicollis WAuK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 154, 46.
Has. Venezuela.

CAPNIA. 303

repanda! Perla repanda Hacen, Collect.
Has. Chili.

bifasciata! Perla bifasciata Pict.! Perl. 229, 30; pl. xx, fig. 5. WALK.
Catal. Br. Mus. 156, 51.
Has. Columbia.

signata. Perla signata Walk.! Catal. Br. Mus. 157, 54.
Has. Venezuela.

gayi. Perla gayi Pict. Perl. 238, 33; pl. x, fig. 3. Watx. Catal. Br.
Mus. 158, 55.
Has. Chili.

longicauda! Perla longicauda Pict. Perl. 236, 34; pl. xxii, fig. 5—8.
Wat. Catal. Br. Mus. 158, 57.
Has. Brazil, New Friburg. —

dilaticollis! (See North Amer. Neuropt. )
Has. Columbia.

hyalina. Perla hyalina Pict. Perl. 247, 39; pl. xxi, fig. 5—10. Watk.
Catal. Br. Mus. 159, 61.
Has. Brazil.

annulicauda. (See North Aimer. Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil.

annularis. Perla annularis ae Perl. 252, 42; pl. xxv, fig. 3—5. WALK.
Catal. Br. Mus. 160, 63.
Has. Brazil.

debilis. Perla debilis Pict. Perl. 255, 44; pl. xxvi, fig. 4. Wat. Catal.
Br. Mus. 161, 66.
Has. Brazil.

klugii. Perla klugit Pict. Perl. 267, 50; pl. xxv, fig. 1—2. Wax. Catal.
Br. Mus. 162, 72.
Has. Brazil.

obscura. Perla obscura Pict. Perl. 269, 51; pl. xxviii, fig. 1—4. Wak.
Catal. Br. Mus. 163, 73.
Has. Brazil. ;

polita. Perla polita Burm. Hdb. II, 879, 6. Pict. Perl. 271, 52; pl.
xxviii, fig. 5—9. Wax. Catal. Br. Mus. 163, 74.
Has. Brazil.

morio! Perla morio Pict.! Perl. 272,53; pl. xxx, fig 1—5. Watx.
Catal. Br. Mus. 163, 75.
Has. Columbia.

fenestrata! Perla fenestrata Pict.! Perl. 281, 57; pl. xxxi, fig. 1—4.
Watx. Catal. Br. Mus. 167, 85.
Has. Columbia.

Capnmia Pictet.

cancellata. Capnia cancellata Pier. Perl. 328, 4; pl. xli. Walk. Catal.
Br. Mus. 175, 4.
Has. Brazil.

gracilis! Capnia eee Picr.! Perl. 330, 5; pl. xlii, fig. 1—3. WaAtk.
Catal. Br. Mus. 175, 5
Has. Brazil.

304 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Fam. V. EPHEMERINA.

Ephemera Linné.

colombiz. Ephemera colombiae Wak. Catal. 537, 6.
Has. Columbia.

Palingenia Burmeister.

albicans. Ephemera albicans PercuERon, Gen. Ins. Livr. VI, Neuropt.
pl. vi. Palingenia albicans Burm. Hdb. II, 803. Pict. Ephemer.
149, 4; vol. xiii, fig. 1—3. Wau. Catal. 548, 4.
Has. Brazil. .
dorsalis! Palingenia dorsalis Burm. Hdb. II, 803, 3. Picter. Ephemer.
153, 6, tab. xiii, fig. 5. Wak. Catal. 549, 5.
Has. Brazil.
atrostoma. <Lphemera atrostoma WerBER. Obs. Entom. 99, 1. Picrer.
Ephemer. 157. WaAtk. Catal. 550, 9.
Has. Brazil.
albifilum. Palingenia albifilum Watx.! Catal. 554,19.
Has. Para.
curta. Palingenia curta Hagen. Palingenia albifilum Watx.! var. Catal.
554, 19.
Has. Para.
latipennis. Palingenia latipennis WALK.! Catal. 554, 20.
Has. Para.
umbrata! Palingenia umbrata Hagen, Collect.
Has. Amazon.
dorsigera! Palingenia dorsigera Hacen, Collect.
Has. Montevideo.

Baetis Leach.

albivitta. Baétis albivitta Walk. Catal. 566, 33.
Has. Para.

Cloe Teach!

fasciata! Cloé fasciata Picret. Ephemer. 262, 9; tab. xli, fig.4. Wat.
Catal. 575, 9.
Has. Brazil.

Oligomeuria Pictet.

anomala! Oligoneuria anomala Pict.! Ephemer. 291, tab. xlvi et xlvii.
Hacen! Stett. Ent. Zeit. XVI, 269, 2. Wax. Catal. 585, 1.
Has. Brazil.

LAIS—HETAERINA. 305

Fam. VI. ODONATA.

Tribe Il. AGRIONINA.
Sub-Fam. I. CALOPTERYGINA.

Lais HaAcen.

globifer! ais globifer Hacen! Monogr. Calopt. 88, 28; tab. x, fig. 1.
Setys! Synops. 27, 28. Wak. Catal. 613, 1.
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.

aenea! JLais aenca Sztys! Monogr. Calopt. 91, 29; tab. x, fig. 2. Sys!
Synops. 28, 29. Watx. Catal. 613, 2.

: Has. Para.

cuprea! Lais cuprea Sruys! Monogr. Calopt. 92, 30; Senys! Synops. 28,
30. WaAtx.! Catal. 613, 3.
Has. Brazil, Para.

hyalina! Lais hyalina Hagen! Monogr. Calopt. 92,31. Srnys! Synops.
28,31. Watk. Catal. 613, 4.
Has. Brazil.

pruinosa! Lais pruinosa Hacen! Monogr. Calopt. 93, 32; tab. x, fig. 3.
Setys! Synops. 28, 32. Watx. Catal. 615, 5.
Has. Brazil.

pudica! Lats pudica Hacen! Monogr. Calopt. 95, 33; tab. x, fig. 4.
Setys! Synops. 29, 33. Watx. Catal. 615, 6.
Has. Brazil, Ypanema.

Hetaerina Hagen.

simplex! Hetaerina simplex Sznys! Monogr. Calopt. 98, 34; tab. x, fig.
5. Senys! Synops. 30,34. Wak. Catal. 616, 7.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.

sanguinea! AHetaerina sanguinea Setys! Monogr. Calopt. 100, 35; tab.
x, fig. 6. Sxruys! Synops. 31,35. Wax. Catal. 617, 8.
Has. Para.

rosea! AHetaerina rosea Szuys! Monogr. Calopt. 102, 36; tab. x, fig. 7.
Setys! Synops. 31, 36. Watk. Catal. 617, 9.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés; Chili.

caja! Libellula caja Drury, Il, 82; tab. xlv, fig. 2. Calopteryx caja
Burm.! Hdb. II, 826,5. Hetaerina caja Senys! Monogr. Calopt. 104.
37; tab. x, fig. 8. Srnys! Synops. 32,37. Watx. Catal. 618, 10.
Has. Columbia, Venezuela, Porto Cabello (Appun).

dominula! Hetaerina dominula Haczn! Monogr. Calopt. 107, 38; tab.
xi, fig. 1. Senys! Synops. 33,38. Calopteryx caja Ericus.! Voyag.
Schomburgk, III. Wak. Catal. 619, 11.
Has. Guiana, Surinam; Brazil.

auripennis! Calopteryx auripennis Burm.! Hdb. II, 827, 10. Ramp.
Neuropt. 225,13. Hetaerina auripennis Szuys! Monogr. Calopt. 109,
39; tab. xi, fig. 2. Srnys! Synops. 33,39. WaAtk. Catal. 619, 12.
Has. Brazil, Bahia, Rio.

306 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

hebe! Hetaerina hebe Setys! Monogr. Calopt. 112, 40; tab. xi, fig. 3.
Setys! Synops. 34,40. Wau. Catal. 620, 13.
Has. Brazil.

sanguinolenta! Hetaerina sanguinolenta HacEn! Monogr. Calopt. 115,
41; tab. xi, fig. 4. Sznys! Synops. 35,41. Wak. Catal. 621, 14.
Has. Brazil, Bahia.

mortua! Hetaerina mortua Hacen! Monogr. Calopt. 117, 42; tab. xi, fig.
5. Sernys! Synops. 35,42. Watkx. Catal. 621, 15.
Has. Guiana.

laesa! Hetaerina laesa Hacen! Monogr. Calopt. 119, 44. Szxys! Synops.
36,44. WaAtk. Catal. 622,17.
Has. Surinam.

longipes! Hetaerina longipes Hagen! Monogr. Calopt. 121, 45; tab. xi,
fig. 7. Senys! Synops. 37,45. Wak. Catal. 623, 18.
Has. Brazil. r

carnifex! Hetaerina carnifex HAGEN! Monogr. Calopt. 123, 46; tab. xi,
fig. 8. Senys! Synops. 37,46. Wat. Catal. 624, 19.
Has. Brazil, New Friburg, Minas Geraés.

proxima! AHetaerina proxima Seuys! Monogr. Calopt. 125, 47; tab. xi,
fig. 9. Srnys! Synops. 38,47. Wak. Catal. 624, 20.
Has. Brazil, Ypanema.

cruentata! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela, Merida, Paranas de St. Urban; Surinam.

vulnerata! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Columbia, Brazil.

americana! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil.

moribunda! AHetaerina moribunda Hagen! Monogr. Calopt. 134, 154;
tab. xii, fig. 4. Senys! Synops. 42,51. Watk. Catal. 628, 24.
Has. Cayenne; Brazil, Para.

occisa! Hetaerina occisa Hacen! Monogr. Calopt. 143, 55; tab. xii, fig.
6. Sgtys! Synops. 44,55. Wars. Catal. 631, 28.
Has. Columbia, Venezuela, Porto Cabello, Laguayra, Paranas de St.

Urban.

brightwelli! Agrion brightwelli Kirsy, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV, 107; tab.
iii, fig. 5. Calopteryx brightwelli Burm. Hdb. II, 826,5. Hetaerina
brightwelli Szuys! Monogr. Calopt. 148, 57; tab. xii, fig. 8. Sxnys!
Synops. 46,57. Watk. Catal. 633, 30.
Has. Brazil, Rio, New Friburg, Irisauga.

majuscula! Hetaerina majuscula Suuys! Monogr. 151, 58; tab. xiii, fig.
1. Sernys! Synops. 47,58. Wau. Catal. 634, 31.
Has. Columbia; Surinam.

Heliocharis Selys.

amazona! Heliocharis amazona Setys! Monogr. Calopt. 188, 1; tab. xiv,
fig. 5. Senys! Synops. 55,71. Wak. Catal. 642, 1.
Has. Brazil, Ega (Bates), Amazon River.

brasiliensis! Heliocharis brasiliensis Hagen! addit. Synops. Calopt. 9,
71, bis.
Has, Brazil, Bahia.

MEGALOPREPUS. 307

Dicterias Selys.
atrosanguinea! JDicterias atrosanguinea Seuys! Monogr. Calopt. 191, 72;
tab. xiv, fig. 6. Sznys! Synops. 56,72. Wat. Catal. 643, 2.
Has. Amazon River (Bates).
procera! JDicterias procera Hacen! addit. Synops. Calopt. 10, 72, bis.
Has. Amazon River, Santarem (Bates).

Amphipteryx Selys.
agrioides! Amphipteryx agrioides Sruys! Monogr. Calopt. 241,92. Sznys!
Synops. 66,1. Wats. Catal. 654, 1.
Has. Colombia.

Chalcopteryx Selys.

rutilans! Chalcopteryx rutilans Setys! Monogr. Calopt. 251, 94; tab. ix,
fig. 7. Senys! Synops. 68,94. Wank. Catal. 655,1. Ehinocypha
rutilans Rams.! Neuropt. 233, 1.

Has. Brazil, Para.

Thore Hagen.

gigantea! Thore gigantea Szxys! Monogr. Calopt. 254,1. Srnys! Synops.
69,95. Wat. Catal. 656, 2.
Has. Colombia, Bogota.

picta! Luphaea picta Rams. Neuropt. 231,4, Thore picta Srtys! Monogr.
Calopt. 256, 96. Srnys! Synops. 70,96. Wats. Catal. 656, 3.
Has. Cayenne; Para.

saundersii! Thore saundersii Srnys! Monogr. Calopt. 257, 97. Sztys!
Synops. 70,97. Wat. Catal. 657, 4.
Has. Amazon River; Para.

fasciata! Thore fasciata Hacen! Monogr. Calopt. 259, 98; tab. ix, fig. 8.
SEetys! Synops. 70,98. Watk. Catal. 657, 5.
Has. Colombia, Venezuela, Porto Cabello GAppun).

hyalina! Thore hyalina Sztys! Monogr. Calopt. 261,99. Sxznys! Synops.
71,99. Watx. Catal. 658, 8.
Has. Bahia.

fastigiata! Thore fastigiata Setys! addit. Synops. 16, 99, bis.
Has. Colombia, Bogota.

Cora Selys.

eyane! Cora cyane Sztys! Monogr. Calopt. 263, 100. Sxnys! Synops.
71,100. Wak. Catal. 658, 7.
Has. Venezuela, Porto Cabello (Appun).

Sub-Fam. II. AGRIONINA.

Megaloprepus Rambur.

caerulatus! (See the North American Neuropt.) Var. bolivar Sztys.
Has. Colombia, Bogota.

308 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Microstigma Rambur.

anomalum! Microstigma anomalum Rex. Neuropt. 289,1. Microstigma
proximum Rar. Neuropt. 289, 2.
Has.° Amazon River, Santarem, Para (Bates), Cayenne.
rotundatum! Jficrostigma rotundatum Srtys! Var. MW. exustum Senys!
Var. M. lunatum Sztys !
Has. Peru; Amazon River; Para (Bates).
maculatum! Microstigma maculatum HaAcEn !
Has. Cayenne; Amazon River, Santarem (Bates); Essequibo.

Pseudostigma Selys.
accedens! fPseudostigma accedens Sruys! (See North Amer. Neuropt.)
Has. Colombia.

Mecistogaster Rambur.

ornatus! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela, Caraccas; Surinam; Lima.
astictus! Mecistogaster astictus HAGEN!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
linearis! Agrion linearis Fasr. Entom. Syst. II, 388, 5. Mecistogaster
Jiligerus Rar.! Neuropt. 287,10, mas. Mecistogaster signatus Rsr..
Neuropt. 286,9, fem. Mecistogaster flavistigma Rams. Neuropt. 287,
del? tem.
Has. Guiana; Surinam ; Amazon River; Para ;Santarem, Colombia.
lucretia! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil, Amazon River.
marchali! JMecistogaster marchali Ree. Neuropt. 283, 2. Mecistogaster
Jjilum Rams.! Neuropt. 284, 3. Mecistogaster pedicellatus RAMBR.!
Neuropt. 284, 5.
Has. Guiana; Surinam; Amazon River; Para.

Lestes Leach.

grandis! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Colombia.
forficula! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil.
undulata! JLestes undulata Say, Journ. Acad. Philad. VII, 35. Lestes
vittata HAGEN! Revue des Odonat. d’Europe, 331.
Has. Montevideo; Buenos Ayres; Valdivia.
picta! Lestes picta HAGEN.
Has. Brazil.
tricolor! estes tricolor Ericus.! Voyag. Schomburgk, III.
Has. Guiana; Bahia; Pernambuco.
contorta! Lestes contorta Hacrn!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
striata. estes striata SEtys.
Has. Venezuela, Cayenne (not seen by me).
minuta. Lestes minuta SELYs.
Has. Brazil (not seen by me).

NEONEURA.

Hyponmeura SELys.

funckii! Hyponeura funckit Senys!
Has. Colombia.

Euclea Selys.

terminalis. Luclea terminalis SEtys. .
Has. Amazon River (not seen by me).

Podagrion Selys.

oscillans. Podagrion oscillans SEtys.

Has. Bogota (not seen by me).
megalopus. Podagrion megalopus SELYS.

Has. Amazon River (not seen by me).
macropus. fPodagrion macropus SELYS.

_ Has. Venezuela, Merida (not seen by me).

flavovittatum! Podagrion flavovittatum Srtys!

Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
venale! Podugrion venale Hacen!

Has. Colombia.

Leptogaster Selys.

ovatus. Leptogaster ovatus SELys.
Has. Bahia (not seen by me).
aurantiacus! Leptogaster aurantiacus HAGEN !
Has. Brazil.
cinnamomeus! Leptogaster cinnamomeus HacEn!
Has. Bahia.
sordidus. JLeptogaster sordidus SEtys.
Has. Santarem (not seen by me).
angustus. JLeptogaster angustus SELYs.
Has. Santarem (not seen by me).

Neoneura Selys.

ciliaris! Neoneura ciliaris Szuys!
Has. Brazil; perhaps NV. ancilla.
bilinearis! Neoneura bilinearis Setys!
Has. Para.
rubriventris! Neoneura rubriventris SEtys!
Has. Para.
fragilis! Agrion fragile HAcEN!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.

Sub-gen. Notosticta DE Sztys.

melanostigma! Neoneura melanostigma HacEn!
Has. Venezuela.

809

310 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Protoneura Selys.

sancta! Protoneura sancta HAcEN !
Has. Columbia.

tenuis. Protoneura tenuis SEuys.
Has. Para.

Agriom Fabricius.

Sub-gen. Jschnura CHARPENTIER.

gracile! Agrion gracile Rams.! Neuropt. 260, 4.
Has. Brazil, Venezuela.
truncatum. Agrion truncatum SELys.
Has. Minas Geraés, Brazil.
chelifer. Agrion chelifer Sruys.
Has. Minas Geraés, Brazil.
tuberculatum! (See North American Neuroptera. }
Has. Cayenne. ‘
versutum! Agrion versutum Hacen!
Has, Chili.
simile! Agrion simile Srtys!
Has. Venezuela, Merida.
rusticum! Agrion rusticum HAGEN!
Has. Bahia.
debile! Agrion debile Hacen!
Has. Rio, Brazil.
cinctum! Agrion cinctum HAGEN !
Has. Quillota, Chili.
floridum! <Agrion floridum Hacen!
Has. Lima.
hastatum! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Merida.
capreolus! (See North American Neuroptera. )
Has. Brazil.

Sub-genus (new) :

macilentum. Agrion macilentum Rar. Neuropt. 259, 4.
Has. Brazil.
bicorne. Agrion bieorne SELys.
Has. Para.
bitaeniatum. Agrion bitaeniatum SEtys.
Has. Brazil.
longissimum! Agrion longissimum SELYS.
Has. Brazil.

Sub-genus (new).

briseis! Agrion briseis HacEN!
Has. Brazil.

elongatum. Agrion elongatum SEtys.
Has. Brazil.

PYRRHOSOMA. 811

porrectum! Agrion porrectum HAGEN.
Has. Brazil.

glaucopis! Agrion glaucopis HacEen!
Has. Bahia.

iris! Agrion iris Hacen!
Has. Bahia.

thetis! Agrion thetis Hacun!
Has. Bahia.

andromache! Agrion andromache HacEn !
Has. Brazil.

macrurum! Agrion macrurum Burm.! Hdb. II, 819, 4.
Has. Brazil.

Sub-gen. Pyrrhosoma CHARPENTIER.

flavipes. Agrion flavipes SEtys,
Has. Brazil.
corallinum. <Agrion corallinum SEtys.
Has. Brazil.
coccineum. Agrion coccineum SELyYs.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
erythrinum. Aygrion erythrinum SEtys.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
rubellum. Agrion rubellum SEtys.
Has. Brazil.
rubidum. Agrion rubidum Rams. Neuropt. 261, 8.
Has. Buenos Ayres.
haematinum! Agrion haematinum Sztys!
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
terminale. Agrion terminale SEtys.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
vulneratum! (See N. American Neuroptera.)
Has. Guiana.
sulphuratum! Agrion sulphuratum Hacen!
Has. Bahia.
croceum! Agrion croceum Burm.! Hdb. II, 819, 6.
Has. Surinam.
rubens. Agrion rubens SEtys.
Has. Brazil.
basale. Agrion basale Srtys.
Has. Brazil.
angustipenne. <Agrion angustipenne SELYS.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
dispar! Agrion dispar Hacen!
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
filiola! Agrion filiola Perry, Delect. Anim. 125; tab. xxv, fig. 4.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés, Pernambuco, Bahia.
pavidum ! Merion pavidum HacEn !
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
rufovittatum. Agrion rufovittatum BLANCHARD, Voyag. HOchigay!
Has. Bolivia.

312 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Sub-gen. Agrion CHARPENTIER.

dorsale! Agrion dorsale Buru.! Hdb. II, 819, 5.
Has. Brazil.
modestum. Agrion modestum SELYS.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
sordidum! Agrion sordidum HaceEn!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
fissum, <Agrion fissum SELYS.
Has. Columbia.
impurum. Argya impura Rams. Neuropt. 255, 1.
Has. Para.
claussenii! Agrion claussenii SEtys !
Has. Brazil.
oculatum! Agrion oculatum Hacen !
Has. Venezuela; Pernambuco.
infumatum! Agrion infumatum Sxztys!
Has. Para.
serva! Agrion serva HAGEN !
Has. Brazil.
insipidum! Agrion insipidum Hacen !
Has. Guiana.
incultum! Agrion incultum HAceEn!
Has. Lima.
torvum! Agrion torvum Hacen!
Has. Quillota.
nuptum! Agrion nuptum Hacen !
Has. Quillota.
cupreum! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Venezuela.

Tribe Il. AESCHININA.
Sub-Fam. III. GOMPHINA.

Gomphus Leach.

crotalinus! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil.

paludosus! Spigomphus paludosus Hacen! Gomphin. 85, 22.
Has. Brazil.

molestus! Hemigomphus molestus HAcEN! Gomphin. 183, 65.
Has. Chili.

Gomphoides Selys.

gracilis! Progomphus gracilis Hagen! Gomphin. 189, 67.
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.

~complicata! Progomphus complicata Szrtys! Gomphin. 198, 68.
Has. Brazil, Bahia. q

costalis! Progomphus costalis Hagen! Gomph. 200, 69.
Has. Brazil.

ICTINUS—CORDULEGASTER—PETALIA. 313

intricata! Progomphus intricatus Hagen! Gomphin. 421, 68, bis.
Has. Amazon.
infumata! Diastatomma infumatum Rams.! Neuropt. ,4. Gomphoides
infumata Setys! Gomphin. 210, 73.
Has. Brazil.
fuliginosa! Gomphoides fuliginosa Hacen! Gomphin. 211, 74.
Has. British Guiana, Essequibo.
audax! Gomphoides audax Hagen! Gomphin. 213, 75.
Has. Brazil.
diphylla! Cyclophylla diphylla Sznys! Gomphin. 217, 77.
Has. Brazil.
gladiata! Cyclophylla gladiata Hagen! Gomphin. 219, 78.
Has. Brazil, Pernambuco.
signata! Cyclophylla signata Haczen! Gomphin. 220, 79.
Has. Brazil, Venezuela.
sordida! Cyclophylla sordida Sruys! Gomphin. 223, 80.
Has. Para.
brevipes! Aphylla brevipes Sztys! Gomphin. 227, 82.
Has. Para.
producta! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. British Guiana; Surinam; Brazil, Bahia.
dentata! Aphylla dentata Seuys! addit. Synops. 21, 81, bis.
Has. Amazon (Bates).
campanulata! Diastatomma campanulata Burm.! Hdb. II, ,4. Conophora
campanulata Seuys! Gomphin. 234, 84.
Has. Brazil.
angustipennis! Diaphlebia angustipennis Setys! Gomphin. 237, 85.
Has. Amazon, Para.
brevistylus! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Colombia.

Ictimus Rambur.
latro! Jctinus latro Ericus.! Schomburgk, Reise Guiana, III. Sexys!

Gomphin. 294, 102.
Has. British Guiana.

Cordulegaster Leach.

diastatops! Thecaphora diastatops Szruys! Gomphin. 320, 105.
Has. Colombia.

Petalia Hagen.

punctata! Petalia punctata Hacen! Gomphin. 353, 117.
Has. Chili, Ouchacay.

stictica! Phyllopetalia stictica Haczen! Gomphin. 357, 118.
Has. Chili, Valdivia.

apicalis! Phyllopetalia apicalis Szuys! Gomphin. 359, 119.
Has. Chili, Valdivia.

314 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Phemes Rambur.

raptor! Phenes raptor Rams.! Neuropt. 176,1. Srtys! Gomphin. 377,
123.
Has. Chili, Valparaiso.

Sub-Fam. IV. AESCHNINA.

Amax Leach.

amazili! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela, Brazil, Pernambuco.

Aeschna Fabricius.

variegata. Aeschna variegata Fasr. Entom. Syst. II, 384, 2.
Has. Terra del Fuego (Banks).

costalis! Aeschna costalis Burm.! Hdb. II, 837, 3. Gynacantha ferox
Ericus.! Schomburgk. Guiana, III.
Has. Guiana; Bahia.

luteipennis! <Aeschna luteipennis Burm.! Hdb. II, 8387, 4.
Has. Brazil; St. Leopoldo. .

reticulata! Aeschna reticulata Burmu.! Hdb. II, 837, 5.
Has. Brazil; Venezuela.

virens! Aeschna virens Rsr.! Neuropt. 193, 3. (See North American
Neuroptera.)
Has. St. Cruz de Bolivia; Venezuela.

marchali. <Aeschna marchali Rams. Neuropt. 203, 14.
Has. Columbia.

diffinis! Aeschna diffinis Rar. Neuropt. 203, 15.
Has. Chili.

bonariensis! Aeschna Bonariensis Rar. Neuropt. 204, 16.
Has. Buenos Ayres; St. Leopoldo.

confusa. Aeschna confusa Rams. Neuropt. 205, 17.
Has. Buenos Ayres.

angusta! Aeschna angusta HacEn !
Has. Brazil.(?)

jucunda! Aeschna jucunda HacEn!
Has. Montevideo, New Friburg; Venezuela.

prasina! Aeschna prasina Hacen !
Has. Pernambuco.

configurata! Aeschna configurata HAcEN !
Has. Valparaiso.

depravata! Aeschna depravata HAGcEnN!
Has. Brazil; New Friburg.

lobata! <Aeschna lobata Hacen !
Has. Brazil. New Friburg.

brevifrons! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Valparaiso.

rufina! Aeschna rufina Hacen!
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.

GYNACANTHA—CORDULIA—PANTALA. 815

faunaria! Aeschna faunaria HAcEN!
Has. Brazil, Rio.

Gynacantha Rambur.

gracilis! Aeschna gracilis Burm.! Hdb. II, 837.6. Gynacantha nervosa
Ramps. Neuropt. 213, 7.
Has. Brazil, St. Cruz de Bolivia, Surinam, Pernambuco, Rio.
trifida! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil.
septima. (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil.
lanceolata! Gynacantha lanceolata HAGEN.
Has. Pernambuco.
elata! Gynacantha elata Hacen!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
obscuripennis! <Aeschna obscuripennis BLANCHARD, Voyag. d’Orbigny.
Has. Bolivia; Venezuela.
tenuis! Gynacantha tenuis HacEn!
Has. Brazil.
conica! Gynacantha conica Hacen!
Has. Venezuela, Surinam.

Tribe III. LIBELLULINA.
Sub-Fam. V. CORDULINA.

Cordulia Leach.

valga! Cordulia valga Hacen!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
forcipula! Cordulia forcipula Hacen!
Has. Brazil, Mus. Berlin.
rustica! Cordulia rustica HAaczn!
Has. Brazil, Mus. Berlin.
setifera! Cordulia setifera Hacen! r
Has. Brazil, Mus. Berol.
chilensis! Cordulia chilensis HacEn!
Has. Chili; Brazil, Salto Grande.
tomentosa. Libellula tomentosa Fasr. Entom. Syst. I, 381, 34.
Has. America.
villosa. Cordulia villosa Rar. Neuropt. 144, 1.
Has. Chili.

Sub-Fam. VI. LIBELLULINA.

Pantala Hagen.

flavescens! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela; Surinam; Brazil.

316 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Tramea Hagen.

basalis! Jibdellula basalis Burm. Hdb. II, 852, 25.
Has. Brazil.
binotata! Libdellula binotata Rpr.! Neuropt. 36, 7.
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
cophysa! Libellula cophysa Kouuar. -
Has. Brazil.
marcella! Libellula marcella SEtys.
Has. Brazil.
argo! TZramea argo Hacen!
Has. Rio, Brazil.

Libellula Linné.

appendiculata! Jibellula appendiculata Srnys!
Has. Merida, Venezuela.
umbrata! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela, Porto Cabello; Guiana; Surinam; Essequibo ;
Brazil, Bahia, Rio; Buenos Ayres. Everywhere common.
cyanea. Libellula cyanea Fase. Entom. Syst. II, 381, 36.
Has. America.
It is a species unknown to me; perhaps Z. quadrupla?, but the “ ab-
domen”’ is said to be “ cylindrical.”

Sub-gen. Orihemis HAGEN.

discolor! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela, Porto Cabello; Guiana; Surinam ; Chili; Ecuador,
Guayaquil; Brazil, Bahia, Pernambuco, Minas Geraés, Rio. Ex-
tremely common.

Lepthenmnis Hagen.

vesiculosa! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Guiana; Brazil, Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio.
haematogastra! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Surinam; Brazil, Pernambuco.
verbenata! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela, Porto Cabello; Surinam; Brazil.
picta! Lepthemis picta HacEn!
Has. Brazil.
cardinalis! Libellula cardinalis Exicus.! Schomburgk, Voyag. Guiana,
III, 583.
Has. Guiana, Essequibo. ;
attenuata! Libellula attenuata Ericus.! Schomburgk, Voyag. Guiana, III,
583.
Has. Guiana; Brazil.
extensa! Lepthemis extensa HAGEN!
Has. Brazil, Pernambuco. ~
cultriformis! Lepihemis cultriformis HAGEN !
Has. Brazil.

]

DYTHEMIS—ERYTHEMIS. 317

Dythemis Hagen.

pleurosticta! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Brazil.
tenuis! Dythemis tenuis HAcEN!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
infamis! Dythemis infamis Hacen !
Has. Brazil, Pernambuco.
marmorata! Dythemis marmorata HAGEN |!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
hemichlora! JLibellula hemichlora Burmu.! Hdb. II, 849, 4.
Has. Venezuela, Porto’Cabello; Brazil, Bahia.
tessellata! Libellula tessellata Buru.! Hdb. I, 849, 5.
Has. Brazil.
sterilis! Dythemis sterilis Haczun! Jzbellula tessellata Rams.! Neuropt.
89, 82.
Has. Venezuela; Brazil, Pernambuco, Rio; Surinam ; Lima; Buenos
Ayres.
lepida! Dythemis lepida Hacun!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
gerula! Dythemis gerula Hacen}!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
liriope! Dythemis liriope Hacuy!
Has. Brazil.
apicalis! Dythemis apicalis Hacrn!
Has. Brazil, Rio; Surinam.
cydippe! Dythemis cydippe Hacun !
Has. Brazil, Rio.
typographa! Dythemis typographa!
Has. Chili.
icterica! Dythemis icterica HAGEN !
Has. Brazil, Surinam.
phryne. JLibellula phryne PErty, Delectus Anim. 125; tab. xxv, fig. 3.
Has. Brazil, Piauhy.
columba! Dythemis columba Hacsn !
Has. Venezuela.
tabida! Dyithemis tabida HaceEn!
Has. Brazil.
musiva! Dythemis musiva Hacsn!
Has. Brazil, Rio, Minas Geraés.
catenata! Dythemis catenata HaceEn!
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
rapax! Dythemis rapax Hacen.
Has. Venezuela.
nubecula! Dythemis nubecula Rer.! Tree 122, 129.
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.

Erythemnais Hagen.

furcata! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Brazil, Bahia.

3i8 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

longipes! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Brazil, Rio, Minas Geraés.
bicolor! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Surinam; Guiana; Brazil.
peruviana. Libellula peruviana Ree. Neuropt. 81, 69.
Has. Peru. (Perhaps LE. bicolor.)
lavata! rythemis lavata Hacen!
Has. Venezuela.
rubriventris! Libellula rubriventris BLANCHARD, Voyag. d’Orbigny.
Has. Corrientes. (Is it of this genus ?)

Mesothemniis Hagen.

gilva! Mesothemis gilva HAcEN!
Has. Venezuela.
annulata! Libellula annulata Pais. DE Beauv. Ins. Neur. 58, tab. =,
fig. 3. RAmBur! Neuropt. 78, 65 (partly).
Has. Brazil.
plebeja! Libellula plebeja Rams. Neuropt. 107, 106.
Has. Chili; Guillota.
connata! Jibellula connata Burm.! Hbd. II, 855, 44.
Has. Valparaiso; Guillota.
communis. Libellula communis Rr. Neuropt. 93, 88.
Has. Chili. (ls it of this genus ?)
distinguenda. Libellula distinguenda Rams. Neuropt. 81, 68. Libellula
incompta RAmsB. Neuropt. 119, 124 (fem.).
Has. Cayenne.
abbreviata. Libellula abbreviata Rams. Neuropt. 119,123. *
Has. Cayenne. (ls it of this genus ?)

Diplax Charpentier.

ochracea! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Venezuela, Porto Cabello; Guiana; Surinam; Brazil; Bahia.
minuscula! (See North American Neuroptera. )
Has. Brazil.
- credula! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Brazil, Minas Geraés.
abjecta! (See North American Neuroptera.)
Has. Venezuela, Brazil.
Obesa! Diplax obesa Hacen!
Has. Brazil.
unimaculata! Libellula unimaculata Dr GEER, Mém. TH, 558, 4, tab.
xxvi, fig. 5. Burm. Hdb. II, 855, 43.
Has. Surinam, Guiana; Brazil Bornaubites:
famula! Libellula Gani Enicus.| Schomburgk, Voyag. Guian. ITI, 584.
Has. Guiana.
fuscofasciata. Libellula fuscofasciata BLANCHARD, Voyag. d’Orbigny.
Has. Corrientes. (Is it of this genus ?)
fusca! Libellula fusca Rsr.! Neuropt. 78, 64.
Has. Cayenne; Brazil.

PERITHEMIS. 319

apollina! JLibellula apollina Dx Srtys!
Has. Brazil.
catharina! Libellula catharina DE SEtys!
Has. Brazil.
indigna! Diplax indigna HAcEn!
Has. Brazil.
juliana! Lubellula juliana Dz Setys!
Has. Brazil.
postica! Diplax postica Hacrn!
Has. Brazil.
fausta! Libellula fausta DE Setys!
Has. Brazil.
faustina! Libellula faustina De Sztys.
Has. Brazil.
contusa! Libellula contusa HaceEn !
Has. Brazil.
latimacula! Libellula latimacula Dz Sutys!
Has. Brazil.
sobrina. Jibellula sobrina Rsr.! Neuropt. 114, 116.
Has. Brazil.
effrenata! Libellula effrenata Hacen |!
_ Has. Brazil.
familiaris! Diplax familiaris Hacun!
Has. Brazil.
agricola! Diplax agricola HacEn!
Has. Brazil.
luciana! Libellula luciana Dz Setys!
Has. Brazil.
flavilatera! Diplax flavilatera Hacen!
Has. Brazil.
bilineata! Libellula bilineata HacEn!
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
venosa! Libellula venosa Burm.! Hdb. II, 848, 1.
Has. Brazil, Bahia.
oscularis! WDiplax oscularis Haczn!
Has. Brazil.
cyanifrons! Libellula cyanifrons HAcEN!
Has. Brazil.
pulla! Libellula pulla Burm.! Hdb. I, 855, 41.
Has. Surinam.
nigricans! Libellula nigricans Rams. Neuropt. 97, 95.
Has. Buenos Ayres.
vilis. JLibellula vilis Rar. Neuropt. 98, 96.
Has. Buenos Ayres.

Perithemnis Hagen.
domitia! (See North American Neuropt.) :
Has. Venezuela; Brazil, Bahia, St. Leopoldo.
lais! Libellula lais Perry, Delect. Anim. 125, tab. xxv.
Has. Brazil, Pernambuco.

320 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

thais! Perithemis thais Hacen!
Has. Amazon River.

cloe! Perithemis cloé Hagen!
Has. Brazil.

bella! Perithemis bella Hacen! ’
Has. Para. .

Nannophya Rambur.

semiaurea! Libellula semiaurea Berlin Museum.
Has. Para.

prodita! Libellula prodita HAcEn.
Has. Brazil, Pernambuco.

UWracis Rambur.

imbuta! Libellula imbuta Buru.! Hdb. II, 850, 9. Uracts quadra Rsr.!
Neuropt. 31, tab. ii. fig. 5. ;
Has. Surinam; Brazil, Bahia.

fastigiata! Jibellula fastigiata Buru.! Hdb. I 850, 10.
Has. Bahia.

irrorata! Uracis irrorata HAGEN!
Has. Bahia.

ovata! Uracis ovata HAcEn!
Has. Bahia.

Sub-gen. (new).

guttata! JLibellula guttata Ericus.! Schomburgk, Voyag. Guiana, III, 584.
Has. Guiana.
infumata! Jibellula infumata Ree. Neuropt. 74, 59.
Has. Brazil.
amphithea! Libellula amphithea DE SzEtys.
Has. Brazil.
clymene! Libellula clymene Hacen!
Has. Brazil, Pernambuco.

Palpopleura Rambur.

fasciata! JLvbellula fasciata Linn, Syst. Nat. II, 903,12. Fasr. Entom.
Syst. II, 378, 20. Burm. Hdb. I, 854,37. Rampur, Neuropt. 134,
8 (partly).
Has. Brazil; Surinam.

americana! JLibellula americana Linnf, Syst. Nat. Il, 904, 16. Fasr.
Entom. Syst. I, 378, 20. DrcrEr, Mém. III, 559, 7; tab. xxvi, fig.
7. Spa, Thesaur. tab. lxxviii, fig. 11—12.
Has. Brazil.

circumcincta! Palpopleura circumcincta HacEn!
Has. Brazil.

DIASTATOPS—CHAULIODES—CORYDALIS—RAPHIDIA. 521

, Diastatops Rambur.

dimidiata! Libellula dimidiata Linnz, Syst. Nat. II, 908,14. Drczsr,
Mémoir. III, 558; tab. xxvi, fig. 6. Burm. Hdb. II, 854,36. Ram-
BuR, Neuropt. 129, 1. Ericus. Voy. Schomburgk, III, 584.
Has. Surinam; Essequibo, Guiana.

tincta! Dvuastatops tincta Rams. Neuropt. 135,1. Enricus. Voy. Schom-
burgk, III, 584.
Has. Brazil; St. Louis de Maranhon; Guiana.

pullata! Libellula pullata Bourm.! Hdb. II, 854,34. Rams. Neuropt. 136,
2; tab. iii, fig. 4. :
Has. Brazil; Pernambuco; Peru; Moxos.

obscura! Libellula obscura Fasr. Entom. Syst. 377, 15. Burm.! Hdb.
II, 584, 35. Rams. Neuropt. 137, 3.
Has. Brazil.

Fam. VII. SIALINA.

Chauliodes Latreille.

chilensis! Chauliodes chilensis Haczn, Collect.
Has. Valparaiso, Valdivia.

Corydalis Latreille.

armata! Corydalis armatus HacEen. Corydalis cornuta Rams.) Neuropt.
440,1. Watx.! Catal. Br. Mus. 208, 1.
Has. Columbia, Venezuela.
affinis! Corydalis affinis Burm.! Hdb. II, 951, 2. Corydalis cephalotes
Rams.! Neuropt. 441, 2. Watk. Catal. Br. Mus. 208, 2.
Has. Brazil, New Friburg.
armigera! Corydalis armigera HaceEn, Collect.
Has. Brazil.
vetula! Corydalis vetula Hagen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.
anellla! Corydalis ancilla Hacen, Collect.
Has. Paraguay.
nubila! Corydalis nubila Ertcus.! Schomburgk, Reise Guiana, III.
Has. British Guiana; Venezuela.
hieroglyphica! Neuromus hieroglyphicus Rpr.! Neuropt. 442, 2. Wat.
Catal. Br. Mus. 206, 12.
Has. Cayenne; Venezuela; Brazil; Buenos Ayres.
livida! Corydalis livida Hagen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.
illota! Corydalis illota Hacen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

(Raphidia Linné.)

R. varia WALKER and the species described by Dr. Fischer, belong to
Mantispa.

Bye} . LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

Fam. VIII HEMEROBINA.

WMemerobius Linné.

lentus! Hemerobius lentus Hacen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

signatus! Hemerobius signatus HacEN, Collect.
Has. Chili.

Mantispa [Illiger.

semihyalina! Mantispa semihyalina SzrvintE, Encycl. Meth. X, 270.
Rams. Neuropt. 434, 7; pl. x, fig. 5. Wesrwoop, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. ser. 2, I, 253,1. Walk.! Catal. Br. Mus. 214, 1. Mantispa
chalybea Ericus.! Germar Zeitschr. I, 160, 1. Mantispa grandis
Burm. Hdb. II, 967, 4.
Has. Brazil, Surinam.

ambusta. Mantispa ambusta Ericus. Germar Zeitschr. I, 162, 4. Wesr-
woop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, I, 254,4. Was. Catal. Br.
Mus. 215, 4. ;
Has. Montevideo.

irrorata! Mantispa irrorata Ericus.! aeeeitt Zeitschr. I, 162,5. West-
woop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, I, 254,5. Wax. Catal. Br.
Mus. 215, 5. Raphidia riedeliana FiscuEn, Bullet. Moscow, VII
329); tabs Vid, pig. 1.
Has. Brazil.

decorata! Mantispa decorata Ericus.! Germar Zeitschr. 1 263563 pk 2:
fig. 5. Westwoop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, I, 254,6. WaAtk.
Catal. Br. Mus. 215, 6.
Has. Brazil.

prolixa! Mantispa prolixa Ericus.! Germar Zeitschr. I, 163, 7. Wesr-
woop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, I, 254, 6.
Has. Brazil. "

costalis. Mantispa costalis Ericus. Germar Zeitschr. J, 164,9. West-
woop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, I, 254, 9. Wank. Catal. Br.
Mus. 216, 9.
Has. Brazil.

flaveola! Mantispa flaveola Ernicus. Germar Zeitschr. I, 168,13. West-
woop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, I, 254,13. Wark. Catal. Br.
Mus. 216, 13.
Has. Para.

gracilis! Mantispa gracilis Ericus.! Germar Zeitschr. I, 169,18. Waust-
woop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Hond. ser. 2, I, 255,18. Wat. Catal. Br.
Mus. 219, 18.
Has. Een Pernambuco.

viridula ! Manion viridula Ericus.! Germar Zeitschr. I, 170, 19. Waust-
woop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, 1, 255,19. Wak. Catal. Br.
Mus. 219,19. Raphidia many aE Coe PIscuER ? Bullet. Moscow, VII,
330; tab. vii, fig. 1.
Has. Brazil.

TRICHOSCELIS—CHRYSOPA. 323

flavomaculata. Mantispa flavomaculata LAtR. Gen. Crust. III, 94. Ericus.
Germar Zeitschr. 173, 24. Werstwoop, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser.
2, 255,28. Wax. Catal. Br. Mus. 220, 23. Mantispa liliputana Outv.
Encycl. Meth. VII, 640, 3. Sront, Spectr. VIL, pl. ii, fig. 7.
Has. Surinam.

iridipennis. Mantispa iridipennis GuéRin, Icon. Regu. Anim. Ins. 392.
Mantispa gracilis Rams. Neur. 433, 6? Westwoop, Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. ser. 2, I, 256,30. Wax. Catal. Br. Mus. 222, 30.
Has. Columbia.

areolaris. Mantispa arcolaris Wrestwoop! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2,
I, 265, 41; pl. xviii, fig. 3. Wau. Catal. Br. Mus. 226, 41.
Has. Brazil.

chilensis! Mantispa chilensis Hacen! Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1859, 708, 8.

Has. Chili.

Trichoscelis Westwood.

notha! Mantispa notha Burm.! Hdb. II, 968,5. Ericus.! Germ. Zeitschr.
I, 170, 20; pl. ii, fig. 6. Wersrwoop, Trans. Ent. Sec. Lond. ser. 2,
I, 255, 20. Waux. Catal. Br. Mus. 219, 20.
Has. Brazil.

fenella. Mantispa fenella Westwoop! Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. ser. 2, I,
269, 46; pl. xviii, fig. 7. Wak. Catal. Br. Mus. 227, 46.
Has. Para.

varia. Raphidia varia WaAtx.! Catal. Br. Mus. 212, 13.
Has. Brazil.

Chrysopa Leach.

divisa! Chrysopa divisa Waux.! Catal. Br. Mus. 242, 12.
Has. Brazil.

hybrida! Chrysopa hybrida Scunew. Chrys. 81, 10, pl. xvi. Rams.
Neuropt. 426, 7. Wak. Catal. Br. Mus. 245, 20.
Has. Brazil.

brasiliensis. Chrysopa brasiliensis Scunetp. Chrys. 83, 11, pl. xvii.
WALK. Catal. Br. Mus. 246, 21.
Has. Brazil.

cincta. Chrysopa cincta Scuneip. Chrys. 86, 13, pl. xix. Wat. Catal.
Br. Mus. 247, 24.
Has. Brazil, Para.

circumfusa! Chrysopa circumfusa Scanetp.! Chrys. 87,14, pl.xx. Burm.
Hdb. II, 980, 3. Watx. Catal. Br. Mus. 247, 25.
Has. Brazil.

cruentata! Chrysopa cruentata Scunzip.! Chrys. 89, 15, pl. xxi. Watk.
Catal. Br. Mus. 248, 26.
Has. Brazil.

costalis! Chrysopa costalis Scunew.! Chrys. 90, 16, pl. xxii. Wax.
Catal. Br. Mus. 248, 27.
Has. America.

intermedia! * Chrysopa intermedia Scuneip. Chrys. 106, 27, pl. xxxiii.
Watuk. Catal. Br. Mus. 252, 40.
Has. Brazil.

324 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA

internata! Chrysopa internata WALK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 252, 41.
Has. Brazil.
nigrovaria. Chrysopa nigrovaria WALK. Catal. Br. Mus. 253, 42.
Has. Venezuela.
elegans! Hemerobius elegans GuéR. Icon. Régn. Anim. 388. Scuneup.!
Chrys. 134, 42, pl. xlii. Wax. Catal. Br. Mus. 261, 59.
Has. Brazil.
varia. Chrysopa varia Scunuip. Chrys. 154,52; pl. 1, viii. Wank. Catal.
Br. Mus. 268, 71.
Has. Brazil, Para.
longicornis. Hemerobius longicornis Gray, Griff. Anim. Kingd. XV, 331;
pl. Ixxii, fig. 3. Scunem. Chrys. 156, 53; pl. lix. Wax. Catal.
Br. Mus. 270, 75.
Has. Brazil.
iridea. Hemerobius irideus Ou1v. Encyc. Meth. VII, 50,4. Scunerp. Chrys.
161. Wat. Catal. Br. Mus. 274, 84.
Has. Surinam.
conformis. Hemerobius conformis Rams. Neuropt. 426, 8. Scunei. Chrys.
163. WaAtx. Catal. Br. Mus. 275, 88.
Has. Colombia.
valida! Hemerobius validus Ertcus.! Schomburgk, Reise Guiana, 586.
ScHnEIp. Chrysop. 164. Watk. Catal. Br. Mus. 275, 89.
_Has. British Guiana; Brazil, Pernambuco.
ternata! Chrysopa ternata HaGEn, Collect.
Has. Pernambuco.
‘marionella! Hemerobius marionella Guiz. Revue. WaALK.! Catal. Br.
Mus. 271, 78.
Has. Para.
Schneider, Mongr. Chrysop. p. 69, affirms that Chr. vulgaris, a very
abundant European species, is found in Brazil. I have never seen
an American specimen.

Belonoptera Gerstaecker.

spec. nov.
Has. Cassapava, Brazil. (Mus. Berlin.)

Acanthaclisis Rambur.
striata! Acanthaclisis striata HAGEN.
Has. Colombia (Saussure).
fallax! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Colombia; Guiana; Brazil.

Myrmeleon Liyné.
immitis. J/yrmeleon immitis Waux. Catal. Br. Mus. 331, 50.
Has. Brazil, Santarem.
anomalus. Myrmeleon anomalus Rams. Neuropt. 388, 6. WaAtk. Catal.
Br. Mus. 333, 54.
Has. Colombia.

MYRMELEON. * gaa

ingeniosus. yrmeleon ingeniosus WALK. Catal. Br. Mus. 337, 63.
Has. Brazil.

cautus. Myrmeleon cautus WALK. Catal. Br. Mus. 349, 79.
Has. Brazil.

dolosus. Myrmeleon dolosus WaAtx. Catal. Br. Mus. 383, 144.
Has. Brazil, Santarem.

metuendus. Myrmeleon metuendus WAux. Catal. Br. Mus. 387, 149.
Has. Venezuela.

efferus. MJyrmeleon efferus Watxk. Catal. Br. Mus. 387, 150.
Has. Para.

praedator. Myrmeleon praedator WaAuxk. Catal. Br. Mus. 391, 156.
Has. Brazil, Santarem.

elegans. Jyrmeleon elegans PERty, Delect. 125; pl. xxv. Rams. Neuropt.
409,43. WaAtk. Catal. Br. Mus. 395, 163.
Has. Brazil.

subdolus! Myrmeleon subdolus WatxK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 395, 164.
Has. Lima.

sticticus. Myrmeleon sticticum Buanca. Orbigny Voy. 218, 753; pl. xxviii,
fig. 17. Wak. Catal. Br. Mus. 404, 187.
Has. Chiquibos, Bolivia.

tarsalis. Formicaleo tarsalis Guitpine, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. XVI, 51, 2.
Watk. Catal. Br. Mus. 410, 215.
Has. Demerara?

Chilensis! MJyrmeleon chilensis Hagen, Collect.
Has. Chili.

corax! Myrmeleon corar HaGEn, Collect.
Has. Venezuela.

impar! JMyrmeleon impar Hacen, Collect.
Has. Chili.

ornatus! Myrmeleon ornatus Kuve! Hacen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

sericeus! Myrmeleon sericeus HAcEN!
Has. Chili.

leprosus! Jyrmeleon leprosus HAcEN!
Has. Chili.

compensus! J/yrmeleon compensus HAGEN
Has. Chili.

ereptus! Myrmeleon ereptus HaceEn !
Has. Venezuela.

congruus! Myrmeleon congruus HAGEN
Has. Amazon River.

arcuatus! Jfyrmeleon arcuatus HAGEN.
Has. Bahia.

sanctus! Myrmeleon sanctus Hacen.
Has. Pernambuco.

mucoreus! Myrmeleon mucoreus HacEn.
Has. Pernambuco.

nervosus! JMyrmeleon nervosus HAGEN |!
Has. Amazon River.

326 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

centurio! Myrmeleon centurio Hagen!
Has. Pernambuco.

infantilis! Myrmeleon infantilis HAcEN!
Has. Columbia.

aequalis! Myrmeleon aequalis Haczn!
Has. Columbia.

Ascalaphus Fabricius.
* Eyes sulcated.

loquax. Ascalaphus loquax WALK. Catal. 434, 48.
Has. Brazil.
subvertens. Ascalaphus subvertens WALK. Catal. 437, 55.
Has. St. Lucia.
inhonestus! <Ascalaphus inhonestus WALK.! Catal. 437, 56.
Has. Brazil.
subripiens. Ascalaphus subripiens WALK. Catal. 443, 64.
Has. Venezuela.
impavidus. Ascalaphus impavidus WAuxK. Catal. 443, 65.
Has. Brazil, Santarem.
intempestivus. Ascalaphus intempestivus WALK. Catal. 444, 66.
Has. Brazil, Santarem.
sepultus. Ascalaphus sepultus Wax. Catal. 445, 67.
Has. Brazil.
nobilis! Ascalaphus nobilis HacEen!
Has. Columbia.
apicalis! Ascalaphus apicalis LerEs.! (Mus. Berlin.)
Has. Brazil.
calidus! Ascalaphus calidus Hacen!
Has. Brazil, Pernambuco.
limbatus! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Brazil. ‘
modestus! Ascalaphus modestus HAGEN !
Has. Venezuela; Surinam; Paramaribo.
chlorops. Ascalaphus chlorops Buance. Voyag. d’Orbigny, 218, 754; tab.
xxviii, fig. 8. Watk. Catal. 453, 81.
Has. St. Cruz, Bolivia.
cayennensis. Ascalaphus cayennensis Fasr. Entom. Syst. II, 96, 6.
Has. Cayenne.
macrocerus! Ascalaphus macrocerus Buru.! Hdb. I, 1000, 3.
Has. Brazil, Bahia.
Perhaps A. impavidus WALK. ?
versicolor! Ascalaphus versicolor Burm.! Hdb. II, 1000, 4. <Ascalaphus
appendifer LEFEBVRE! Mus. Berlin. Watk. Catal. 420, 23. Calobop-
terus leptocerus Rsr.! (mas.) Neuropt. 361,1. Wak. Catal. 440, 59.
Calobopterus nematocerus Rsr.! (fem.) Neuropt. 361, 2. Wat.
Catal. 441, 60.
Has. Brazil.
surinamensis!' Ascalaphus surinamensis Fasr. Entom. Syst.. App. 207,
4—5. Cordulecerus surinamensis Rams. Neuropt. 360, tab. ix, fig. 1.

BITTACUS. 327

Ascalaphus vulpecula Burm.! Hdb. II, 1001, 6 (mas., wings immacu-
late). Ascalaphus garrulus Wauxk.! Catal. 441, 61 (mas.). Asca-
laphus alopecinus Burm.! Hdb. II, 1000, 5 aay. Ascalaphus- liti-
giosus WALK. Catal. 441, 62.
Has. Surinam, Brazil, Bahia:

vetula. Ulula iseile Rams. Neuropt. 358, 2. Wat. Catal. 436, 52.
Has. Brazil, Campos Geraés.

* * Eyes entire.

costatus! Ascalaphus costatus Burm.! Hdb. II, 1000,1. Ascalaphus con-

trarius WALK.! Catal. 452,79. Ascalaphus imperator Leres.! (Mus.
he Berlin. )
Has. Surinam; Brazil, Bahia, Para.
(Perhaps Byas microcerus RBR. ?)

subcostatus! Ascalaphus subcostatus Burm.! Hdb. II, 1000, 2. <Ascala-
phus injurius WALK.! Catal. 447, 72. Ascalaphus impediens WAL.K.!
Catal. 449, 74. Ascalaphus damnosus Wauk. Catal. 449,75? Asca-
laphus luteus WauxK.! Catal. 450, 77.
Has. Brazil, Amazon River, Santarem, Para.

albistigma! Ascalaphus albistigma Waux.! Catal. 452,80. Ascalaphus
circumflexus WALK.! Catal. 451, 79.
Has. Venezuela; Brazil, Santarem, Para.

iniquus. Ascalaphus iniquus WALK. Catal. 448, 73.
Has. Brazil.

arenosus. Ascalaphus arenosus WALK. Catal. 450, 76.
Has. Brazil.

appendiculatus. Ascalaphus appendiculatus Fasr. Ent. Syst. II, 96, 4.
Haploglenius appendiculatus Rams. Neuropt. 363. WaAtx. Catal.
446, 69.
Has. Brazil.

Perhaps the male of A. costatus ?

Fam. IX, PANORPINA.

Bittacus Lair.

brasiliensis! Bittacus brasiliensis Kivue! Acad. Berol. 1836, 98,3. WALK.
Catal. Br. Mus. 466, 4.
Has. Brazil, Cassapava.

femoralis. Bittacus femoralis Kuve! Acad. Berol. 1836, 98, 5. WAtk.
Catal. Br. Mus. 466, 5.
Has. .

flavescens! Bittacus flavescens Kuve! Acad. Berol. 1836,99, 7. Wak.
Catal. Br. Mus. 466, 7. Bittacus affinis, WEestw. Trans. Ent. Soc.
Lond. IV, 196,1. Watx. Catal. Br. Mus. 468, 12.
Has. Brazil, Para.

chilensis. Bittacus chilensis Kuve! Acad. Berol. 1836,100,9; pl. fig. 6.
Watk. Catal. Br. Mus. 467, 9.
Has. Chili.

328 LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

blancheti! Bittacus blancheti Pict. Mém. Genéve. VII, 403, fig. 3. Kuve!
Acad. Berol. 1836, 100,10. Rams.! Neuropt. 327, 3; pl. viii. fig. 6.
Watk. Catal. Br. Mus. 467, 10.
Has. Brazil.

Fam. X. PHRYGANINA.

Barypemthus Burmeister.

concolor. SBarypenthus concolor Buru.! Hdb. I, 929, 2. Wauk. Catal.
Br. Mus. 54, 1.
Has. Brazil.

rufipes. Sarypenthus rufipes Burm.! Hdb. II, 929, 2. Wak. Catal. Br.
Mus. 55, 2.
Has. Brazil.

Sericostoma Latreille.

tropica! Sericostoma? tropica Hacsn, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

Macronema Pictet.

hyalinum. Macronemum hyalinum Pict. Mém. Genéve. VII. Burm. Hdb.
II, 916, 3. Watx. Catal. Br. Mus. 75, 3.
Has. Brazil.

speciosum.. Macronemum speciosum Burm. Hdb. II, 916,1. WaAtx. Catal.
Br. Mus. 74, 1.
Has. Brazil.

lineatum. Macronema lineata Pict. Mém. Genéve. VII. Burau. Hdb. 916,
2. Wak. Catal. Br. Mus. 74, 2.
Has. Brazil.

auripenne! Macronema auripenne Rams.! Neuropt. 507, 2. WAtk.
Catal. Br. Mus. 75, 4.
Has. Brazil.

rubiginosum. Macronema rubiginosa GuirR. Icon. Régn. Anim. Texte,
395. Watuk. Catal. Br. Mus. 75, 5.
Has. Brazil.

oculatum. Macronema oculata WauxK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 75, 6.
Has. Venezuela.

cupreum., Macronema cupreum Waux.! Catal. Br. Mus. 76, 7.
Has. Brazil. (Perhaps M. auripenne ?)

apicale. Macronema apicalis Wa1x.! Catal. Br. Mus. 78, 15.
Has. Venezuela.

pallida! (See North American Neuropt.)
Has. Venezuela, Brazil.

vicarium. Hydropsyche vicaria WaALK.! Catal. Br. Mus. 114, 39.
Has. Venezuela.

agraphum,. Macronema agraphum Kourn. Wien. Ent. Zeits. 1859, p. 57.
Has. Brazil.

arcuatum! Macronema arcuatum Ericus.! Schomburgk, Reise Guiana, III.
Has. British Guiana.

HYDROPSYCHE—LEPTOCERUS—CHIMARRHA. 329

Hydropsyche Pictet.

australis! Hydropsyche australis Hacen, Collect.
Has. Brazil.

Leptocerus Leach.

albicornis. Mystacides albicornis Burm. Hdb. II, 918,1. Wax. Catal.
Br. Mus. 69, 54. ;
Haz. Brazil.

gracilis. MJystacides gracilis Burm. Hdb. II, 921,12. Watx. Catal. Br.
Mus. 69, 55.
Has. Brazil.

princeps. Jlystacides princeps Burm. Hdb. II, 921,13. Wax. Catal. Br.
Mus. 69, 56.
Has. Brazil. ;

maculatus. Phryganea maculata Prrty, Delect. 129, pl. xxv, fig. 16.
Wat. Catal. Br. Mus. 74, 70.
Has. Brazil, St. Paul.

diaphanus. SBlepharopus diaphanus Kot. Wien. Ent. Zeit. 1859, p. 58.
Has. South America.

Chimarrha Leach.

morio! Chimarrha morio Burm. Hdb, H,911,2. Wark. Catal. Br. Mus.
81, 2.
Has. Brazil.

maculata! Chimarrha? maculata Hacesn, Collect.
Has, Brazil.

LIST OF THE NEUROPTERA DESCRIBED IN THE SYNOPSIS
OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.

5 w Lg ~-(/Sgilgeis
Sheil allabais aS) g | sel aslge
\e/23/2| 28! wg /o3| © (Saleelesss
GENERA. §=/ 3/2/32 |3 leq" 2a/84| | 2s) Se iene
SV los|> Sod BOSS) F las ae eee
1 | Calotermes . CLG aay le : 3 fais, Buleas ie
2 | Termopsis Past ade i i Lt UA 1S ave Jos 5
Gye Dera awe en se yep LI eile Le A cas 6 5. | (GS eae 12?
4 |Embia . Dil panel Sn MI names ag aan “ub ;
5 | Clothilla . alah MOALL oe ce die oll th as : :
6 | Atropos . . i 1 iy ae 1 ae : -
PBSocus eye | edo iol soulGlo ly vilsleys PAB 74 é :
8 | Pteronarcys. Oy ae alee Se aD i cies 5
OU Pena. veoyice euleAOl rol aillvie2oy oo be} 9 2 :
10 | Isopteryx TN poe oll NE Iu mgt Sie :
11 | Capnia . 2 Wiest Reese tal 71 aa HG :
12 | Taeniopteryx Gira ele ae as ’
13 | Nemoura. Sisal As elie WS a .
14 | Leuctra . Da a allen ZI 1 ate
15 | Ephemera Sie Es ia aa 4 = Fe
16 | Palingenia . .{ 8 2) 3]| 3) 5 2 °
Dai ipwetis.: a 8) | PON TS Sa east 1
18 | Potamanthus Bis adh en De eS irate Neicade: 2) cae Ave
LOM CIOS 2 es Se ER PVT AGS em Tae 2 1 ace a tat | ean ee ae am
A0.\ Caemis: Si terty daly Ely Sao eoltace as. || ney elatli ate beste ta eemaeenn aee ae
21 | Calopteryx . Ges CEE GIy Daal cis ee celle ta eee ele i??
22 | Hetaermma . «| 10)... HOR Ootlg 0 Co oe Sri ale ae
23 | Megaloprepus Ma eetkel|pcey teal tes) Myra A oes 1
24 | Pseudostigma MeL ema | ar icilir (se ere 1
25 | Mecistogaster Dae ist co MiNeeteaed etre Ziel 2
AOU UEStes c= ost Wenn ly enol Ole le ve S| ae
27 | Paraphlebia . RU er aly mere Ng Maus al A
28 | Palaemnema Je ace lL Sse can A etoile
29 | Trichocnemis Pal Sig 2 Nae aba aa eee ail
30 | Protoneura . 2 Gh ema UP ea Buren apne
31 | Nehalennia . 7e) ts i Ci ae BO ie Dales
32°) Isehmura’.” . |) 28)22) 3) iy 6. 5 1) 4S) tes
33 | Pyrrhosoma Slime alte sake eens 1
Se iWorion io. fg wiealcel hon saa. Tea eile SEO scot i!
35 |Gomphus . TES LY BRGY I ON Me. cre /{leaea tM eee
36 | Erpetogomphus Gira aiweted 2 at 1
37 | Ophiogomphus .{ 1 oooh leas if 50 wt aati
38 | Neogomphus i Sone UP ee Be seas dies 5
39 | Progomphus 2 Ae 1 dl ieee nl ieee
40 | Gomphoides. (Ape Gi eee Do ieely: alt
AAD Heeenius fs et Li ewal) en. 1 pike tele 1
42 | Cordulegaster .| 4) .:; 1/] 3 Te fas aime
43 | Petalura . hes oles 1 ae me =
44 | Anax . Hh ekckutostolebes oul 22 Baleares 1 ile
45iNeschma.s) st 25) 18h AD NS 2 oo. Gbps ie 25
46 | Gynacantha. IP teallity Mier siken mem eine ne 2 2
47 | Macromia piece: See Abbe f 3 : 1 eae
AS WR AGO CR wile Mielke in Pisa ay
49 | Didymops 5) zealots 7A Ne
50 ;Cordulta. 9 eo elo 2 On eo 0
51 | Tetragoneuria .| 4| 3, 2] 3) 1
3291115 92 |194' 641 5/741 401301 51 6

* (Warmhouse.) 7? Africa. * Asia, Africa. * Asia et Polynesia. ° Asia.

LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 383l

List of the Neuroptera of North America—Continued.

GENERA.

New species.
Species not
examined.
United States.
Canada,
Greenland,
Arct, Amer.
Russian
Colonies.
Mexico, Cen-
tral America.
West Indies.
Species found
also in 8. Am,
Species found
alsoin Hurope.
Species found
also in Asia,
Africa, ox
Polynesia.

| |

329\115) 92 |194

_ &
5S
on
ay
on
Ne}

52) Pantala

53} Tramea

54| Celithemis
55| Plathemis
56} Libellula .
57| Lepthemis
58} Dythemis

59| Erythemis
60; Mesothemis .
61) Diplax

62| Perithemis
63) Nannophya .
64) Sialis . :
65) Chauliodes
66} Corydalis

67; Raphidia .
68) Aleuronia
69) Coniopteryx
70| Sisyra

71) Megalomus .
72| Micromus
73| Hemerobius. .
74) Polystoechotes .
75| Mantispa

76; Meleoma.
77| Chrysopa

78} Acanthaclisis
79| Myrmeleon .
80) Euptilon .
81} Ascalaphus .
82) Boreus

83} Panorpa .
84| Bittacus .
85| Merope

86} Neuronia

87| Phryganea
88} Limnophilus
89} Anabolia .
90| Hallesus .
91; Hnoicyla .
92} Apatania

93} Sericostoma .
94| Notidobia z
95) Brachycentrus .
96| Silo ‘
97; Mormonia
98) Dasystoma
99} Hydroptila .
100} Molanna .
101) Leptocerus
102} Setodes

103) Macronema .

Ho bo

pon
Cor CO bo eH bo

bo
o mH Be. Wr th. -

°
o SH Rh oE oO.
me HM RWNWONW.

oo mle hehe INSIING ster eo ae fe
4

Re. BOHM Hb. DWH OH DHE Co.
eave

Reet eS Pb aTbh we Ro.

fee

Oo et et ee eR er TO WH SOT WwWwWN NAb

bo we.

bo
Ht
a

fete

(Se)

|) °
OD ON bho.

bo
bed

OPwwwnwMmnoketWwbwweNWmnNwaAaArR OwOH Ah hb TH Oto Tb Pb
pa
9265, SST MeN Ona od bee Ge to mn So

pad er er ae I enti

me bo - O° 8
o mb. O. Peo.

e De. He

eo
Het Oo CO COHI Cn.
en

te! De be HS bP bho. -
° ° a
NWONDN- NE YNEFNYNY:> WRNONHDOHDMONWNH

[A 5

bt je

* Africa, Asia, Polynesia. ° Asia,

332 LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

List of the Neuroptera of North America—Continued.

GENERA.

alsoin Europe.
Species found
also in Asia,

Species found
Africa, or

New species.
Species not
examined.
United States.
Greenland,
Arct. Amer.
Russian
Colonies.

tral America.
West Indies.
Species found
also in 8S. Am.
Polynesia.

bo
[—)

Hydropsyche
Philopotamus
Polyeentropus .
Psychomia
Tinodes
Rhyacophila
Beraea
Chimarrha .

ie)

Total . . (bce 220 |443} 15 7 {130

The number of species entirely unknown to me is considerably less than what
is mentioned in the column of “‘species not examined;’’ this includes many
species at one time seen in the British Museum, but which I have not since
been able to re-examine.

FAMILIES. | Genera. | Species.

Termitina ‘ ; - E : 17
Embidina.

Psocina

Perlina

Ephemerina

Odonata

Sialina

Hemerobina

Panorpina

Phryganina

SS ONOMNPWONEH

DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES.

DISTRIBUTION OF SPECIES,

(AS FAR AS AT PRESENT KNOWN.)

Massachusetts .
Vermont.

New York
Pennsylvania .
New Jersey .
Delaware ..
Maryland :
Dist. of Columbia
Virginia .
Kentucky
Greenland
Arctic America

Russian Colonies
Canada
Labrador

Nova Scotia.

Columbia, Vene-
zuela

Species.

27
1

Ohio

Michigan
Indiana .
Illinois
Missouri .
Wisconsin

N. W. Territory
Carolinas <1.
Tennessee
Georgia .

Mexico :
Central America
Cuba .

St. Domingo
Porto Rico
Jamaica .

Guiana, Suri-
nam, Cayenne

Species.
21
1
22

Alabama.
Florida
Louisiana
Nexas 2 1 sawed
California
North America,
United States
without locality
Arkansas

| Mississippi .

Martinique .
St. Thomas .
Guadaloupe .
Barbadoes
St. Cruz

St. Vincent .

Brazil .
Chali* :
Peru

339

Species.

334

a6 SSR eee|

LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA.

LIST OF THE NEUROPTERA ENUMERATED IN THE
CATALOGUE OF SOUTH AMERICAN SPECIES,

GENERA.

Calotermes .
Hodotermes.
Termes
Olyntha .
Thyrsophorus
Psocus
Perla .
Capnia
Ephemera
Palingenia
Baétis.

Cloeé
Oligoneuria .
Lais
Hetaerina
Heliocharis .
Dicterias .
Amphipteryx
Calopteryx .
Thore.

Cora ;
Megaloprepus
Microstigma

Pseudostigma .

Mecistogaster
Lestes
Hyponeura .
Kuclea -.
Podagrion
Leptogaster .
Neoneura
Protoneura .
Agrion
Gomphus
Gomphoides
Ictinus

Cordulegaster .

Petalia
Phenes
Anax .
Aeschna .
Gynacantha.
Cordulia .
Pantala
Tramea
Libellula
Lepthemis
Dythemis
Erythemis
Mesothemis .
Diplax

De ee

g
5
ui [sh
— 4
S|
ie
D5) ine
4
1G) et
“9

mT Oo OO HOt TOO OO HHH WH TON DOH HOOF WH HE DH Hb OD HH OOM bh co OOP OO oe oF
© WNW ODOTH HS Pe Hb. . 2 © ° oy ei penke

56 | 4
ia ae

189
4

21 | 15

31 | 19

a | SO

355 |144

» 18
sta ees .o¢
$2)8ee|d)aas
Sai/Seea| = | Ses
GSiGaed| 6 | 5Se
aD 2 5 :
ane 4 23 5
3 Sob 3 Ape
2 silts 4 eu
oes ate 8 fi
13 2 10 ie
if eats 2 ie
1 bc re ie
5 ae 8 Z
1 - 1 as
ah ee if bts
ewe Bi if ote
avis sae 6 Bs
oe 3 14 6
ys aye 2 ee
: eas 2
sige ea 1
aa 42 3 1
A 1 Fier yee
é a 3 2
ete 1 sive Sie
ae 2 4 3
2 2 6 2
1 Se 1 BOG
3 et 3 as
3 ate 5 ae
3 ais 5 :
1 ae 1 bee
20 5 39 2
ay: 1 2 mee
Ne 2 15 oD,
ane A bie 1
ANG 1 1 ae
3 2 ate if
1 2 5 1
1 she 6 Abe
aie 1 1 1
Dies 5 Bie
1 2 2 2,
aia 3 U 5
1 1 18 3
2 3 4 1
3 She if 2
4 AL DAG 5

Columbia,
Venezuela.

o wt eo De Ci et eto be mt BO DD Rte Rte OD fe.

Dee BEC. HS. DRe.

BiaNOre et ey Cone oe

Buenos Ayres
and southern

parts.

LIST OF SOUTH AMERICAN NEUROPTERA. 330

List of the Neuroptera of South America—Continued.

; to od
t o, | ae | 3 og Gin <3

GENERA. BG Po eeiiate (aa | es fee soe

BSS Se Saas eee es

&| 4 |e8\eeq| 6 |oda lS] a] 5 [aad
355 1144 | 75 | 44 |265 | 45 | 63] 8] 24 8
52 | Perithemis . Onno : 1 5 <6 1 ts oie
53 | Nannophya . as eal erciel| Wopeiee DAP Nes a eA aice Coots hehe
54 | Uracis Baleares : 7 Ze ale tes m2 ge
55 | Palpopleura Sa he i MO ae 3 I ihe oe ye
56 | Diastatops Ara livers Ws a 3 DP rel enc crest stag aan
57 | Chauliodes . 11m ged tN OE RM aa Ia ie ale gg fous
58 | Corydalis 9 wl oe 1 6 2 3 Bie 2
59 | Hemerobius. NN OBIT Lame RM sl Were ae Yi alae
60 | Mantispa . ies eh eieeaphedi Olin. dale EO 1 1 1 -
61 | Trichoscelis. 3 EN yc 3 iyi tes ae .
62 | Belonoptera. 1 at SK at ae :
63 | Chrysopa TSH eM el ite TEA DIS) 2 2 . :
64 | Acanthaclisis Zi ie ae 1 1 1 2 :
65 | Myrmeleon . PA) ea (a | | 1 els 1 Salk Pay VB :
66 | Ascalaphus . 24} 4 {| 12 Ves) 4. 4 isa 5
67 | Bittacus . Dullees 2 4 ae 1 :
68 | Barypenthus Fels Ai 2 : “hs :
69 | Sericostoma. | Bs hae d a ees 1 | cis é
70 | Macronema . ee less 9 3 8 1 4 :
71 | Hydropsyche 1 i haere Ia eee il ae :
72 | Leptocerus . Seull be G a] tas 5 -
73 | Chimarrha . DisliP les hei: | eee; ;

— ee |

FAMILIES. Genera. Species.
1 Termitina 3 31
2 Embidina . 1 3
3 Psocina 2 12
4. Perlina . a 2 21
5 Hphemerina 5 12
6 Odonata 43 298
7 Sialina 2, 10
8 Hemerobina 8 92
2) Panorpina 1 5
10 Phryganina 6 23

J
(Su)
or
oS
a]

336 SUMMARY.

SUMMARY,

North America contains : : : 2 : . %16 species.
South America contains : : : 5 : Se ree
Total : - 5 : - : : & AZS ene

Deducting 53 species found in both North and South America, the whole con-
tinent of America contains 1170 species; of which 436 are new to science.

The actual number of ‘species not examined,’’ 220 for North America and
128 for South America (total 348), is considerably less in reality; the species
entirely unknown to me are 83 for North America and 29 for South America
(total 112), mostly described by Say, Asa Fitch, and Pictet.

Gigs se hie

Abnormal. Deviating from the usual type.

Accessory subcostal vein. The vein given off from the subcosta, and
branching towards the apex of the wing.

Acuminate. Furnished with a produced point.

Adult. The fully matured state of an insect.

Anal angle. The posterior interior corner of a wing.

Anal space. The area at the posterior base of the hind wings, which
folds together when the wings are at rest, as in most Phryganee, &c.

Anastomosis. The thickened point of juncture of nervules.

Angulose. Constituting an angle or angles.

Annulated. Ringed; furnished with ring-like bands.

Annulus. A ring; a narrow, encircling band.

Antecubital. Pertaining to the space between the base of the wing and
the nodus.

Antehumeral. Pertaining to the space immediately before the origin of
the wings.

Antenne. Two articulated feelers placed superiorly upon the head.

Anteocular. In front of the eyes.

Anterior. Before; forward part.

Anteriorly. Forwardly ; in front.

Anus. The vent, or fundament.

Apex. The extremity, or smaller end opposite to the base.

Apical. Pertaining to the apex. |

Apical sector. One of the longitudinal veins of the apex of a wing.

Approximated. Placed near; close together.

Arcuated. Curved, as a bow.

Article, or Articulation. A joint; or segment between two transverse
sutures.

Areolate. Furnished with small areas.

Auricle. A small ear, or ear-like process.

Auriculated. Furnished with auricles.

Basal. Pertaining to the base.

. 1 This Glossary has been prepared by Mr. Unter, at the request of the Smithsonian
Institution, with the view of furnishing an explanation of the technical terms employed
in the present work,

338 GLOSSARY.

Base: The foundation; as, Base of the head: that part of the head ap-
plied against the thorax.

Biarcuated. Twice-curved.

Bicolored. Two-colored.

Bidentate. Two-toothed.

Bifid. Two-branched.

Bifurcated. Two-forked.

Bi-impressed. Twice-impressed.

Bilineated. Marked with two lines.

Bilobed. Furnished with two lobes.

Bimaculated. Twice-spotted; having two spots.

Binotated. With two marks, or dots.

Biovate. Twice-ovate.

Biparted. Separated into two parts.

Biserrated. Provided with two small triangular teeth.

Bisetous. Furnished with two bristle-like appendages.

Bituberculated. Provided with two tubercles.

Bivittated. Marked with two longitudinal stripes.

Branchiz. Breathing tubes analogous to gills.

Calcarated. Armed with spurs.

Carbonaceous. Resembling charcoal.

Carina. An elevated keel-like edge.

Carinate. Furnished with a carina.

Carpus. The pterostigma.

Caudal. Pertaining to the.end of the abdomen.

Cellule. A little space surrounded by veins, on the wings.

Cerci. The superior processes at the end of the abdomen.

Chalybeous. Of a steel-blue color. —

Cilia. Hairs set like a fringe; resembling eyelashes.

Ciliated. Furnished with cilia.

Cinereous. Of an ash-gray color.

Clavate. Furnished with a thickened extremity like a club.

Clypeus. That part of the head immediately above the labrum.

Compressed. Flattened together, as if by pressure applied at each side.

Confluent. Flowing together; united at the ends, as the veins of wings.

Connate. United; not separated by an articulated suture.

Cordiform. Shaped like a heart.

Coriaceous. Of a consistence resembling leather.

Costa. The same as costal vein.

Costal. Pertaining to the costa.

Costal area. A space between the costa and the next longitudinal vein.

Costal vein. The rib-like vein of the anterior margin of the wings, fol-
lowed, in the section Neuroptera, by the subcosta, the radius, and the
cubitus; the latter is frequently double (cub. anticus, cub. posticus).

Cultriform. Shaped like a pruning-knife.

Cuneiform. Shaped like a wedge.

GLOSSARY. 339

Cupreous. Of a copper-color.

Deciduous. Casting off the wings.

Dentated. Furnished with teeth.

Denticle. A small tooth.

Depressed. Flattened down.

Dilated. Widened, expanded.

Discoidal. Pertaining to the disk or middle.

Discoidal areolets. Spaces of the middle of a wing; in the Libellulina
they are placed beyond the triangle.

Disk. The middle surface.

Divaricated. Spreading apart, as two gradually separating branches.

Dolabriform. Shaped like a hatchet.

Dorsum. The superior surface of the thorax or abdomen.

Elliptical. Elongate-oval.

Emarginate, or Emarginated. Notched.

Ensiform. Sword-shaped ; sharp on both edges, and tapering to a point.

Epistoma. That part of the face between the front and labrum.

Equal. Of the same size or length.

Excision. A cut out of an edge, not always of the same shape.

Facies. Aspect; appearance.

Falcate. Sickle-shaped; curved like a sickle.

Fascia. Used here as a stripe broader than a line.

Femora. The thighs.

Femur. A thigh.

Fenestrated. Marked with transparent spots surrounded by a darker
color, somewhat like panes of glass in windows.

Ferruginous. Rust-colored.

Filiform. Slender and cylindrical, like a thread.

Flavescent. Somewhat yellow.

Flexuous. Almost zigzag, more acute at the angles than undulating.

Foliaceous. Leaf-like.

Forcipated. Furnished with two pieces approaching at the ends like
pincers.

Fovea. A more or less rounded depression.

Foveolate. Furnished with cavities or depressions.

Free. Unrestrained in articulated movement; not soldered at the points
of contact.

Front. The fore-face, bounded by the eyes, the vertex, and usually be-
neath by the epistoma.

Frontal. Pertaining to the front.

Fuliginous. Of the color of dark smoke.

Fulvo-aeneous. Brazen, with a tinge of brownish-yellow.

Fulvous. Tawny, color of the common deer.

Furcated. Forked; split into two separating ends.

Fuscescent. Measurably fuscous.

Fusco-ferruginous. Rust-colored, with a brownish tinge.

340 GLOSSARY.

Fusco-testaceous. Dull reddish-brown.

Fuscous. Dark brown, approaching black.

Fusiform, Spindle-shaped; gradually tapering at each end.

Genital lobe. The bag-like appendage upon the second ventral segment
of the male dragon-fly.

Genital accessory organs. The hooks, &c., sitmited beneath the second
ventral segment of the male araiecncast &e.

Glaucous. Of a sea-green color.

Guttze. Marks resembling dots or small spots.

Guttated. Marked with guite.

Gradate. Step by step; successive.

Granulated. Provided with minute, close prominences, like very small
grains of sand, &c.

Hab. Abbreviation of Habitat.

Habitat. The place or region which an insect inhabits.

Habitus. Aspect; general appearance, or likeness.

Hamate. Furnished with hooks, or hook-like processes.

Hamule. A small hook.

Hastated. Halberd-shaped; excavated at the ‘aah and sides, but with
spreading lobes or angles.

Hastiform. Shaped like a halberd. =

Haustellate. Furnished with a proboscis-like mouth.

Hirsute. Clothed with shaggy hairs.

Humeral. Belonging to the humerus or shoulder.

Hyaline. Transparent; of the color of water.

Imagines. Plural of imago.

Imago. The insect in its last stage, after passing through larva and pupa.

Immarginare. Not furnished with a turned-up edge.

Incanous. Hoary; clothed with whitish hair or powder.

Incision. A slit-like cut.

Incisures. The impressed transverse lines between the segments of the
abdomen, &c.

Incomplete. Not fully developed.

Inferiorly. Beneath; pertaining to the lower surface.

Infracted. Bent; suddenly bent.

Infumated. Clouded, as if with tobacco-smoke.

Infuscated. Darkened with a blackish tinge.

Interrupted. Suddenly stopped.

Involuted. Rolled inwards spirally.

Irrorated. Marked with spots like freckles.

Labium. The lower lip of an insect.

Labrum. The upper lip of an insect.

Lamelliform. Shaped like a plate of metal, &c.

Lamina. A plate or sheet-like piece.

Laminated. Provided with lamine.

Lanceolate, or Lanceolated. Shaped like a spear.

GLOSSARY. 341

Larva. The first stage of an insect after it is excluded from the egg.

Lateral. Pertaining to the sides.

Laterally. Sideways.

Linear. Shaped like a line; very narrow in form.

Lineated. Provided with line-like marks.

Lunule. A half-moon-shaped object or mark.

Lurid. Bright colors obscured.

Luteous. Egg-yellow; clay-yellow.

Maculose. Spotted. ;

Mandibles. Jaws; two, generally horny pieces of the mouth, imme-
diately under the labrum.

Mandibulate. Tarnished with mandibles.

Margined. Edged; provided with a margin.

Marmorated. Marbled; veined like marble.

Mazillz. Pieces of the mouth which occupy the places of the jaw-bones.

Maxillary palpi. Jointed appendages attached to the mazillz.

Median, or Medial. Of, or occupying the middle.

Median Nervule. The third basal nervule in Calopterygina, &c.

Median space. The posterior space at the base of the wings in Calop-
teryx, &c.

Membranaceous. Of a membrane-like character.

Membranule. The small triangular flap at the interior. base of the wings
in Libellulina, &c.

Meridional. Equatorial.

Mesothorax. Middle primary division of the thorax.

Metathorax. The posterior primary division of the thorax.

Mobile. Movable.

Moniliform. Shaped like a string of beads.

Multi-areolate. Composed of many small areas or spaces.

Multi-articulate. Composed of many articles or joints.

Mutic. Unarmed, 2. e., without spines, &c.

Nasus. A space directly above the labrum.

Nasute. Bearing a projection like a nose; said of certain workers, &c.,
amongst the Termites.

Nebula. A cloud-like spot.

Nodal. Pertaining to an oblique stout vein, called the nodus.

Nodulose. Clothed with knot-like small prominences.

Nodus. A stout, oblique, short vein in the Odonata, at the place where
the anterior margin of the wings is somewhat drawn in.

Obovate. Inversely ovate, the smaller end turned towards the base.

Obsolete. Not distinct, or almost lost to view.

Obtected. Covered.

Ocelli. The simple eyes of insects ; usually three amongst the Neuroptera.

Ochraceous, or Ochreous. Ofa more or less deep ochre-color.

Occiput. The back part of the head behind the vertex.

Olivaceous. Of an olive-color.

22%

342 GLOSSARY.

Onychium. See Plantula.

Oval. Egg-shaped.

Ovate. More or less oval.

Palpi. The feelers attached to the mouth of insects.

Pectus. The breast, or inferior surface of the thoraz.

Petiolated. Narrowed into a handle-like neck; as the base of the wings
in Agrion.

Phalerated. Marked with stripes and bands like the harness of a horse.

Piceous. Color of pitch.

Pile. Hair; usually hair arranged somewhat in rows.

Pilose. Clothed with pile.

Plantula. A small lap or membranous appendage between the tarsal
nails of insects ; also called Onychium.

Plicated. Furnished with folds; folded.

Postcostal, or Postcubital. Pertaining to the space between the nodus
and pterostigma. ;

Posteriorly. Behind; after.

Process. A prolongation of the surface, such as an ear-like elevation, &c.

Produced. Drawn out; prolonged.

Prothorax. The first segment of the thoraz.

Pruinose. Clothed with bluish or white bloom or powder.

Pterostigma. A more or less colored mark upon the anterior margin
before the apex. of a wing, between the costal and the following
longitudinal vein.

Pterostigmatical. Pertaining to the pterostigma, or its locality.

Pubescent. Clothed with short, soft, fine hair or down.

Punctiform. Shaped like a point or dot.

Pyriform. Shaped like a pear.

Quadrangular space. The space immediately beyond the basal one and
in front of the median space of the wings.

Radius. The vein just behind the subcostal one.

Raptatorial. Adapted for seizing prey.

Recurved. Curved backwards.

Reniform. Kidney-shaped.

Reticulated. Furnished with veining or marking like network.

Reticulation. Veining, or marking like the meshes of a net.

Rhinarium. The nostril-piece; a portion of the nasus, or its wie
when reduced in size.

Rhombical. Quadrangular, with two opposite angles acute and two
obtuse.

Rhomboidal. Somewhat in the shape of a rhomb.

Rufescent. Somewhat reddish.

Rufous. Reddish.

Rugose. Wrinkled; furnished with numerous rough, small elevations
like wrinkles..

Rugule. Minute*wrinkles.

Rugulose. Minutely wrinkled.

GLOSSARY. 343

Salient. Projecting; jutting out.

Sanguineous. Blood-red.

Sectors. Longitudinal nerves which strike the principal nerves at an
angle, and usually reach the apex or hind margin of the wing.

Semihyaline. Half transparent.

Semilunar. Half-moon shaped.

Sericeous. Having the surface with a silk-like gloss, usually from
minute, dense hairs.

Serrated. Having prominences like saw-teeth.

Seta. A bristle-like appendage, such as at the tail of Ephemera, &e.

Setaceous. Bristle-like; resembling a bristle.

Setz. Plural of Seta.

Setiform. Bristle-shaped.

Sinuated. Scooped out, or broadly shallowly excavated on a margin.

_$purs. Stiff bristle-like appendages upon the tibie. In the Phryganes
they are either at the tip or in the middle of the tibie; their number
affords an important character for classification, and is expressed
by three figures, meaning the three successive pairs of feet; thus
2, 4,4, means two terminal spurs on the fore tibie, two terminal
and two middle ones on the middle tibie, and two terminal and
two middle ones on the hind tibiz.

Stramineous. Straw-colored; yellow.

Stria. A line, usually depressed, sometimes composed of punctures.

Striz. Plural of stria.

Striated. Charged with strie.

Subaduncate. Somewhat hooked or curved.

Subcinereous. Somewhat gray.

Subcosta. The vein just behind the costa.

Subhyaline. Almost transparent, or water-colored.

Subimago. A state of Ephemera, &c., wherein the wings, &c., are covered
with a membrane, which is cast off when it becomes an Jmago.

Submarginal. Just behind the margin.

Submedian nerve. The longitudinal large nerve just behind the median.

Subnude. Almost without clothing; without hairs, &c.

Subocular. Beneath the eyes.

Subrect. Almost straight.

Subscabrous. Indistinctly rough.

Subulate. Shaped like an awl.

Sulcus. A groove-like excavation.

Sulphureous. Ofa color resembling sulphur.

Suture. A seam, or impressed line; usually between segments.

Tarsus (plural Tarsi). The terminal, almost always jointed divisions of
the foot of an insect, immediately after the tibia.

Teneral. A state of the imago after exclusion, in which it has not fully
completed its coloring, clothing, &c.

Testaceo-hyaline. Transparent, with a slight tinge of dull reddish.

Testaceous. Dull brick-color.

344 GLOSSARY.

Tetragonal. Having four sides or angles.

Thorax. The second primary segment of the body, banat the legs and
wings.

Thyridium. A small pale or almost transparent spot near the anasto-
mosis of the disk of the wings in Phryganina.

Tibia. The shanks; that part of the leg between the femur and tarsus.

Trapezoidal. Four-sided, with two sides unequal and parallel.

Triangle. A three-sided figure; found in the front wings of Libellula
near the base.

Triarticulate. Composed of three joints or articles.

Trifid. Cleft into three ends.

Trifoveolated. Furnished with three pits or fovee.

Trigonal. Triangular, three-sided.

Trilobed. Having three lobes.

Triquetral. Having three more or less long angles.

Trochanters. The joints of the legs situated between the femora and
COX.

Truncated. Cut square off.

Tuberculoid. Resembling a tubercle.

Tuberculose. Covered with tubercle-like prominences.

Unguiculus. A nail, like that at the extremity of the tarsus.

Unguiculi. Plural of Unguiculus.

Unique. A single individual of a kind.

Vaginated. Covered with a sheath-like plate, or vagina.

Valvule. A small valve-like process.

Venter. The under surface of the abdomen.

Ventral. Pertaining to the under surface of the abdomen.

Verrucose. Covered with wart-like prominences.

Vertex. The upper part of the head, just above the front.

Vesicle of the penis. The bag-like appendage on the second ventral
segment of the male dragon-fly.

Villose. Clothed with soft, rather long, hair.

Violaceous. Violet-colored.

Viridescent. Somewhat greenish.

Vulva. The orifice of the female genital tube.

Vulvar. Pertaining to the vulva. |

Vulvar lamina. The scale or appendage upon the ventral surface of the
eighth segment in the female dragon-fly.

To those desirous of becoming better acquainted with the terminology
of Neuroptera, especially that of the neuration of the wings, the following
inexpensive little work may be recommended: Neuroptera austriaca, by
Friedr. Brauer and Franz Loew, Vienna, 1857, with five plates. Although
written in German, it will prove useful, on account of its plates, even to
those not familiar with that language.

Acanthaclisis, 223, 324

Aeschna, 119, 314

AxEScHNINA, 98, 117, 312,
314,

Agrion, 74, 87, 310, 312

AgRionina, 56, 62, 65,
305, 307

Aleuronia, 196

Amphipteryx, 307

Anabolia, 264

Anax, 117, 314

Apatania, 270

- Ascalaphus, 237, 326

Atropos, 8

Baétis, 44, 304
Barypenthus, 328
Belonoptera, 324
Beraea, 296
Bittacus, 246, 327
Boreus, 240
Brachycentrus, 272

Caenis, 54
CALOPTERYGINA, 56, 305
Calopteryx, 56
Calotermes, 1, 299
Capnia, 32, 303
Celithemis, 147
Chalcopteryx, 307
Chauliodes, 189, 321
Chimarrha, 297, 329
‘Chrysopa, 211, 323
Cloé, 52, 304

Clothilla, 7
Colpotaulius, 253
Coniopteryx, 197

Cora, 307
Cordulegaster, 115, 313
Cordulia, 136, 315
CorDULINA, 132, 315
Corydalis, 192, 32]

Dasystoma, 273
Desmotaulius, 263
Diastatops, 321
Dicterias, 307

INDEX.

Didymops, 135
Diplax, 173, 318
Dythemis, 162, 317

Embidina, xix, 7, 301

Enoicyla, 267

Ephemera, 38

Ephemerina, xix, 38,
304

Epitheca, 134

Erpetogomphus, 98

Erythemis, 168, 317

Euclea, 309

Euptilon, 237

GomPHINA, 98, 312
Gomphoides, 111, 312
Gomphus, 98, 102, 312
Gynacantha, 131, 315

Hagenius, 114
Hallesus, 265
Heliocharis, 306
Efemerobina, xx, 196,
322
Hemerobius, 200, 322
Hetaerina, 58, 305
Hodotermes, 299
Hydropsyche, 286, 329
HYDROPSYCHIDES, 284
Hydroptila, 274
Hyponeura, 309

Ictinus, 313
Ischnura, 75, 310
Isopteryx, 31

Lais, 305

Lepthemis, 160, 316

Leptogaster, 309

LEPTOCERIDES, 275

Leptocerus, 276, 329

Lestes, 65, 308

Leuctra, 37

Libellula, 150, 316

LIBELLULINA, 132, 141,
315

LIMNOPHILIDES, 253
Limnophilus, 253, 254
Macromia, 132
Macronema, 284, 328
Mantispa, 207, 322
Mecistogaster, 64, 308
Megalomus, 198
Megaloprepus, 62, 307
Meleoma, 210
Merope, 248
Mesothemis, 170, 318
Micromus, 198
Microstigma, 308
Molanna, 275
Mormonia, 273
Myrmeleon, 225, 324

Nannophya, 186, 320
Nehalennia, 74
Nemoura, 36
Neogomphus, 110
Neoneura, 309
Neuronia, 249
NEUROPTERA, xix, 187
Notidobia, 271
Notosticta, 309

Odonata, xix, 55, 305
Oligoneuria, 304
Olyntha, 7, 301
Ophiogomphus, 101
Orthemis, 160, 316

Palingenia, 40, 304
Palpopleura, 320
Panorpa, 241
Panorpina, xx, 240, 327
Pantala, 141, 315
Palaemnema, 72
Paraphlebia, 71
Perithemis, 185, 319
Perla, 17, 302
Perlina, xx, 14, 302
Petalia, 313
Petalura,: 117

Phenes, 314
Philopotamus, 291

346

Phryganea, 252
PHRYGANIDES, 249

Phryganina, xx, 249,

328

Plathemis, 149
Podagrion, 309
Polycentropus, 292
Polystoechotes, 206
Potamanthus, 51
Progomphus, 110
Protoneura, 73, 310

PSEUDONEUROPTERA, Xix,

1
Pseudostigma, 63, 308
_PsSEUDOSTIGMATA, 62

INDEX. ©

Psocina, xx, 7, 302
Psocus, 8, 302
Psychomyia, 294
Pteronarcys, 14
Pyrrhosoma, 85, 311

Raphidia, 194, 321
Rhyacophila, 295
RHYACOPHILIDES, 295

Sericostoma, 270, 328
SERICOSTOMIDES, 270
Setodes, 280
Sialina, xx, 187, 321
Sialis, 187

Silo, 272

Sisyra, 197
Taeniopteryx, 34
Termes, 3, 299
Termitina, xx, 1, 299
Termopsis, 3
Tetragoneuria, 140
Thyrsophorus, 302
Thore, 307
Tinodes, 295
Tramea, 143, 316
Trichocnemis, 72
Trichoscelis, 323

Uracis, 320

Page

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. 347

CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS.

2, line 28, place semicolon instead of comma after yellowish.
4, line 2, add: ‘with a distinct fovea in the middle,” which is oc-
cupied by a minute, elevated point.
5, line 7, dele last e in ferruginous; also on page 30, line 5, and
wherever found so spelt.
60, bottom of page, dele dieresis from a in Hagen.
64, line 19, for Mecistogastur read Mecistogaster.
66, line 24, place a comma after the word front.
70, line 16, place a comma before the word pruinose.
76, line 21, remove the comma from behind the word exteriorly, and
place it before.
78, line 21, add the word with, to the clause: a dorsal line, &c.
85, line 27, place a comma before and after brassy-green.
118, line 33, place a semicolon in the stead of comma before beneath.
131, line 30, place a comma after narrowed.
143, line 22, pl. xxxviii: change to pl. xlviii.
170, bottom of page, for Huastee read Huastec.
218, line 34, for little read dot.
223, line 19, place a comma after side.
224, line 1, place a comma after beneath.
256, place after description of Limnophilus radiatus, Hab. N. W. Ter-
ritory (Say).

ee ee ee

_—

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Synopsis of the ces Lepidoptera of

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Full text of "Synopsis of the described Lepidoptera of North America. Part I--Diurnal and crepuscular Lepidoptera. Comp. for the Smithsonian institution"

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