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Full text of "Synopsis of phrenology and the phrenological developements [sic], together with the character and talents, of Geo A Smith Boston as given by O. S. Fowler Sept. 14th 1843, 20th ed."

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PATHOLOGICAL  FACTS.* 

Whilst  lecturing  and  practising  phrenology  in  the  city  of  New  York, 
December  27,  1836,  Dr.  Howard,  who  then  lived  in  Carmine  street, 
called  on  me,  and  stated  that  the  evening  before,  he  had  been  called  in 
great  haste  to  visit  a  lady  who  was  taken  with  a  most  violent  pain  in  the 
head,  which  was  so  severe  as  in  fifteen  minutes  entirely  to  prostrate  her, 
producing  fainting.  When  brought  to,  she  had  forgotten  the  names 
of  every  person  and  thing  around'her,  and  almost  entirely  lost  the  use  of 
words,  not  because  she  could  not  articulate  them,  but  because  she  could 
not  remember  or  think  of  them.  She  could  not  mention  the  name  of  her 
own  husband  or  children,  or  any  article  she  wanted,  nor  convey  her  ideas 
by  words,  yet  understood  all  that  was  said  to  her,  and  possessed  every 
other  kind  of  memory  unimpaired.  "  And  where  was  this  pain  located, 
I  eagerly  inquired.  "  That  is  for  you  to  say,"  said  he.  ■  If  phrenology 
is  true,  yon.  ought  to  be  able  to  tell  where  it  is."  "  Then  it  is  located  over 
her  eyes"  said  I.  He  replied,  "  That  is  the  place."  The  pain  was  seated 
there  only.  In  other  words,  her  phrenological  organ  of  language  had 
becomo  greatly  diseased,  and  the  faculty  of  language  was  the  only  men- 
tal power  that  suffered  injury,  all  the  others  remaining  unimpaired. 

Dr.  Miller,  of  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  related  to  the  author 
a  similar  case,  which  occurred  in  or  near  that  city,  accompanied  by  a 
pain  in  the  same  portion  of  the  head,  and  there  only.   See  also  P.  P.  p.  18. 

Whilst  examining  professionally  the  head  of  a  lawyer,  Attorney 
General  of  one  of  the  New  England  states,  observing  an  unusual 
and  feverish  heat  in  his  forehead,  and  particularly  in  the  organs  of 
the  perceptive  faculties,  I  observed,  "  Sir,  the  brain  in  your  forehead  is 
highly  inflamed ;  you  have  been  studying  or  thinking  too  hard,  or  doing 
♦oo  much  business  of  some  kind,  and  if  you  do  not  stop  soon,  you  will  bo 
lilher  a  dead  man  or  a  crazy  one."  He  started  upo.i  his  feet  as  if  elec- 
trified, exclaiming,  "  Who  has  been  telling  you  about  me  V  "  No  one, 
sir."  "  But  some  one  has  been  telling  you."  "  Upon  my  honour  arid 
my  conscience,  sir,  I  neither  know  you  nor  your  occupation,  nor  condi- 
tion in  life,  nor  one  single  thing  about  you,  except  what  I  infer  from  your 
phrenological  developments,"  said  I,  pointing  out  to  him  the  preternatu- 
ral heat  of  his  forehead.  He  requested  me  to  proceed,  and  at  the  close  of 
the  examination,  stated  that  for  several  weeks  he  had  been  dreadfully 
afflicted  with  the  most  violent  and  intolerable  pain  in  his  forehead,  parti- 
cularly the  lower  portion,  and  on  that  account,  had  requested  my  attend- 
ance, that  his  memory,  which,  up  to  that  time,  had  been  remarkably 
retentive,  had  failed  him,  and  his  intellectual  faculties  also  sustained  much 
injury,  and  that  all  this  was  brought  on  at  a  session  of  the  Court  in  which 
his  intellectual  powers  were  employed  to  their  utmost  stretch  of  exertion 
for  several  days  and  nights  in  succession,  upon  very  heavy  cases,  both  for 
the  state  and  for  individuals.  He  was  sixty  years  of  age,  had  a  powerful 
constitution,  a  most  active  temperament,  and  very  large  perceptive  facul- 
ties, which  the  inflammation  had  rendered  redder  than  the  other  portions 
of  his  forehead. 

After  stating  this  class  of  facts  at  a  lecture  in  Easton,  Maryland,  Mr. 
J.  H.  Harris  remarked  that  he  now  could  not  help  believing  in  phrenology, 
because  he  had  experienced  its  truth.  He  said  that  at  one  time,  whilst 
extensively  engaged  in  superintending  a  great  amount  and  variety  of  busi 

*  N.  B.  This  chapter  should  be  read  in  connexion  with  the  close  of  proposi- 
tion III.  p.  9,  and  will  be  printed  sometimes  on  the  cover  and  sometimes  in  tn» 
»otiy  of  th*  work. 


2  PHRENOLOGY    PROVED    BY 

ness,  including  building,  he  was  repeatedly  seized  villi  a  most  intense 
pain  over  his  eyes,  which  was  so  powerful,  that  to  obtain  relief  he  would 
have  held  his  head  still  to  have  had  it  bored  into,  and  that,  whenever 
this  pain  seized  him,  he  forgot  every  thing,  and  would  drop  the  sentence 
he  was  speaking,  unable  to  think  of  a  single  word  or  thing  until  the 
paroxysm  abated. 

A  Mr.  C,  of  Boston,  is  subject  to  spells  of  violent  pain  in  his  forehead, 
and  there  only,  (the  seat  of  the  intellectual  organs,)  which  is  accompa- 
nied with  an  irrepressible  desire  to  read,  think,  study,  write,  &c.  Ho 
often  sits  up  whole  nights  indulging  this  intellectual  mania.  Nothing 
but  sleep  will  relieve  him,  yet  he  is  unwilling  to  seek  rest  because  of  the 
delight  experienced  in  this  exercise  of  mind,  even  though  fully  aware  that 
he  thereby  aggravates  the  disease, 

At  Carlisle,  in  June,  1837,  I  pointed  out  this  same  preternatural  heat 
in  the  foi^head  of  a  student,  who,  entering  his  class  poorly  prepared,  had 
overdone  This  intellectual  organs.  He  had  been  compelled'to  suspending 
studies  on  account  of  the  pain  in  his  forehead,  and  the  morbid  action  of 
his  intellectual  powers. 

EvENTu.ii.iTT.  In  April,  1837,  Dr.  Carpenter,  of  Pottsville,  Penn- 
sylvania^elated  to  the  writer  the  following.  One  of  his  patients  fell  from 
a  horse,  striking  the  centre  of  his  forehead  against  the  corner  of  a  rock, 
on  which  portions  of  brain  were  found.  I  have  seen  the  scar,  and  know 
that  it  was  eventuality  that  was  injured.  As  Dr.  C.  entered  the  room, 
the  patient  recognised  him,  as  he  did  each  of  his  neighbours,  but  he  had  for- 
gotten every  fact  and  event,  and  them  only.  He  asked  what  was  the 
matter,  and  as  soon  as  he  was  told,  forgot,  and  asked  again.  To  use  Dr. 
C.'s  expression,  "  fifty  times  over  he  asked  what  was  the  matter,  and  as 
soon  as  he  was  told,  forgot,  and  asked  again."  He  forgot  that  his  brother 
was  coming  that  day  from  a  distance  to  visit  him,  and  that  he  was  then 
on  his  way  to  meet  him.  Every  event  was  to  him  as  though  it  was  not ; 
yet  all  his  other  mental  powers  remained  unimpaired.  When  depletion 
was  proposed,  he  objected,  and  assigned  his  reasons,  showing  that  his 
reasoning  faculties  were  uninjured.  After  the  brain  had  been  re-sup- 
plied, he  recovered,  to  a  considerable  extent,  his  memory  of  facts.  This 
accident  made  him  a  believer  in  phrenology. 

Dr.  Ramsey,  of  Bloomfield,  Columbia  county,  Pennsylvania,  reported 
the  following  case  as  having  occurred  in  his  practice: — About  four  years 
since,  a  patient  of  his,  by  his  horses  becoming  frightened,  was  driven 
with  great  violence  against  a  fence,  the  centre  of  his  forehead  striking 
against  the  corner  of  a  rail.  He  recognised  the  Doctor  as  he  entered,  and 
asked  him  what  all  this  fuss  was  about.  As  soon  as  Dr.  R.  had  told  him, 
he  forgot,  and  asked  again  and  again,  for  twenty  times  in  succession,  and 
to  this  day  he  has  not  the  slightest  recollection  of  this  most  important 
event  of  his  life,  except  the  mere  fact  that  the  horses  were  frightened. 

Another  case  anolagous  to  this,  and  affecting  eventuality  was  narrated 
to  the  author  by  the  Rev.  S.  G.  Callahan,  an  Episcopal  Clergyman  and 
teacher  of  high  intellectual  and  moral  standing,  in  Laurel,  Delaware. 
About  twelve  years  ago,  he  was  intimately  acquainted  with  a  Dr.  Thomas 
Freeman,  surgeon  on  board  an  English  man-of-war,  who,  in  an  action 
with  the  Dutch,  received  a  blow  from  a  rope  with  a  knot  in  it,  which 
broke  in  the  scull  in  the  centre  of  his  forehead,  "  Here,"  said  he,  (putting 
his  finger  upon  the  organ  of  eventuality,)  "  producing  a  cavity  resembling 
the  insida  of  a  section  of  the  larger  end  of  a  hen's  egg."     The  accident 


PATIXOLOGICAL    FACTS.  3 

caused  a  loss  of  memory  of  fads  only,  which  caused  his  dismissal  on 
half  pay  for  life,  whilst  every  other  power  remained  unimpaired.  Thus, 
if  he  went  for  wood,  he  was  as  likely  to  get  any  thing  else,  or  nothing  at 
all,  as  what  he  went  for.  Being  employed  to  construct  a  vat  for  colouring 
broad-cloths,  he  constructed  every  thing  right,  his  causality  and  con- 
structiveness  remaining  uninjured,  but  when  he  came  to  the  chemical  pro- 
cess of  dyeing,  with  which  he  was  as  familiar  as  with  his  alphabet,  he 
failed  repeatedly,  till  they  were  compelled  to  employ  another  dyer,  who 
pointed  out  the  omissions  which  caused  his  failures.  Although  the  doc- 
tor was  an  excellent  chemist,  and  understood  every  part  of  the  operation, 
yet  he  would  omit  one  thing  in  one  experiment,  and  another  in  another, 
and  thus  spoil  every  attempt.  He  could  seldam  succeed  in  any  chemical 
experiment,  though  passionately  fond  of  them,  because  of  these  omissions ; 
and  yet,  said  my  informant,  start  him  on  a  train  of  thought,  and  he  rea- 
soned as  clearly,  and  logically,'  and  powerfully  as  almost  any  one  I  ever 
heard.  Now  observe,  that  the  only  organ  injured  was  eventuality,  and 
this  was  the  only  faculty  impaired. 

Robt.  McFarland,  a  tavernkeeper,  who,  in  1837,  lived  in  Carlisle,  Penn- 
sylvania, south  of  the  Court-house,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  when  about 
sixteen  years  old,  had  a  deposition  of  W3tery  matter  which  finally  settled 
in  the  centre  of  his  forehead,  forming  a  sack  between  the  scull  and  skin, 
which  remained  there  for  several  years,  until  it  became  very  painful,  at 
iast  intolerably  so,  compelling  him  to  have  the  sack  removed,  and  the 
decayed  portion  of  the  scull  on  which  it  had  formed,  scraped  twice  a-day 
for  twenty  days  in  succession,  by  which  the  disease  was  arrested.  Before 
his  fall,  his  memory  of  circumstances,  what  he  read,  saw,  &c,  was  so 
excellent  that  he  was  often  referred  to.  This  kind  of  memory,  and  this 
only,  was  destroyed  by  the  disease.  On  this  account  he  called  on  me  for 
an  examination,  but  did  not  state  his  object,  waiting  to  see  if  I  would 
detect  it.  On  examining  his  forehead,  I  told  him  that  his  memory  of  faces 
was  among  the  best  that  I  had  ever  seen,  but  that  I  observed  a  scar  in  the 
centre  of  his  forehead,  where  memory  of  facts  is  located,  and  that  if  the 
wound  which  caused  it  affected  the  brain  there,  his  memory  of  incidents, 
"very-day  occurrences,  what  he  read,  and  saw,  and  heard,  &c,  had  been 
impaired.  "  Thai's  a  fact,"  said  he.  "  If  I  sec  a  man  who  called  on  me 
ten  years  ago,  I  know  him  instantly  ;  but  if  a  customer  wants  any  thing, 
and  another  calls  for  something  else  before  I  have  waited  on  the  first,  I 
forget  the  first,  and  thus  often  give  offence ;  but  I  can't  help  it.  And  it's 
of  no  use  for  me  to  read  any  thing;  I  forget  it  immediately." 

The  intense  pain  caused  by  the  dropsical  deposit,  shows  an  affection, 
long  continued  and  severe,  of  the  brain  beneath  it,  and  the  location  of  the 
scar  fixes  it  on  eventuality,  which  was  the  only  faculty  impaired. 

A  Mr.  Camp,  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut,  by  the  bursting  of  a  gun, 
had  the  end  of  the  barrel  driven  an  inch  or  more  into  his  organ  of  even 
tuality,  scattering  the  brain  upon  the  stone  wall  against  which  he  was 
leaning.  By  this  accident,  his  memory  of  facts  was  so  much  impaired 
that  lawyer  Stoddard  said  he  was  frequently  compelled,  on  this  account, 
to  suspend  or  give  up  his  suits.  I  have  often  seen  the  scar,  and  also  been 
a  witness  to  his  miserably  defective  memoiy  of  facts,  appointments,  &e. 

Mr.  Alex.  Nathan  Dalby,  potter,  Wilmington,  Delaware,  is  another  exam 
pie  of  the  injury  of  theorgan,  and  with  it,  of  the  faculty  of  eventuality,  cauwd 
by  falling  from  a  horse,  and  striking  his  forehead  upon  a  stone,  and  Dr.  D-, 
of  Milton,  Pennsylvania,  furnishes  another. 


4  PHRENOLOGY    PItOVEJ»    B7 

Tuxe.  Dr.  Miller,  of  Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  report*  tha 
following  in  vol.  I.  No.  1,  p.  24,  of  the  American  Phrenological  Journal. 
A  lad  was  kicked  by  a  horse,  "  the  point  of  the  shoe  striking  him  under 
the  left  superciliary  ridge,  outer  angle,  fracturing  the  orbitar  plate,  and 
forcing  the  spicula  of  bone  upwards  and  outwards,  on  the  dura-mater, 
which  was  wounded  by  them."  As  the  wound  was  three-fourths  of  an 
inch  deep,  and  penetrated  the  head  in  the  direction  of  tune,  reaching  the 
borders  of  that  organ,  but  not  penetrating  it,  it  would  of  course  highly 
inflame  it,  which  would  produce  a  disposition  to  sing.  This  result  fol- 
lowed. When  the  boy  came  to,  he  began  to  sing,  and  sang  most  when 
the  wound  was  most  inflamed.  Both  before  and  after  this  occurrence,  he 
had  never  been  known  to  sing,  but  now,  lying  apparently  at  the  point  of 
death,  he  would  break  out  singing  songs,  and,  to  use  his  mother's  expres- 
sion, "  did  nothing  but  sing."  On  account  of  his  singing  propensity,  Dr. 
M.  sent  for  Dr.  Sewall,  the  anti-phrenologist,  and  Dr.  Lovell,  then  Presi- 
dent of  the  Washington  Phrenological  Society,  who  reminded  Dr.  S.  that 
this  case  went  to  prove  phrenology,  and  yet,  p.  57,  of  Dr.  S.'s  attack 
on  phrenology,  he  says  no  cases  analogous  to  the  above  have  ever  been 
known  to  occur.     His  memory  of  such  facts  must  be  rather  short 

A  similar  case  occurred  about  19  years  ago,  at  Young's  factory,  on 
the  Brandywine,  five  miles  above  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  was  reported 
by  Dr.  Jacques,  of  W.,  attending  physician.  An  Irishman,  named  Kobert 
Hunter,  having  charged  a  rock  with  a  blast  which  did  not  ignite,  swore 
that  he  would  make  her  go  off,  at  the  same  time  jamming  his  iron  crow- 
bar down  among  the  powder.  It  struck  fire,  and  blew  up,  but  did  not 
split  the  rock.  The  crowbar  was  sent  no  one  knows  where,  both  hands 
were  torn  off,  and  the  charge,  coming  up  in  a  body,  struck  his  head  along 
the  superciliary  ridge,  cutting  a  furrow  in  the  scull,  and  carrying  away 
portions  of  the  dura-mater  and  brain.  It  took  its  course  along  the  bor- 
ders of  tune,  but  did  not  disorganize  it.  From  his  friends,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
White,  at  whose  house  he  boarded  and  died,  I  learned  its  precise  location, 
viz.  along  the  superciliary  ridge,  externally  of  it.  It  also  carried  away 
a  portion  of  the  superorbitar  plate,  and  terminated  near  mirthfulness. 

In  fifteen  minutes  after  he  was  taken  to  the  house  of  Mr.  W.,  "he  fell 
to  singing  songs,"  and  continued  singing  almost  without  interruption  till 
his  death,  which  occurred  nine  days  after.  I  took  down  from  the  lips  of 
Mrs.  W.  the  following  description  of  his  singing  propensity.  "  He  sung 
the  whole  time  after  he  was  blown  up  till  he  died.  He  did  not  stop  one 
hour,  put  it  all  together.  Mr.  W.  began  to  read  the  Bible  to  him,  but 
he  broke  out  singing  and  stopped  him.  He  was  very  musical,  much 
more  so  than  when  he  was  of  himself.  I  thought  this  very  strange.  It 
was  not  a  quarter  of  an  hour  after  he  was  brought  in  before  he  began  to 
sing.  He  sung  all  the  time  till  he  died,  and  stopped  only  when  some 
one  went  in  to  see  him,  and  then  began  again  directly.  His  principal 
song  was  "  Erin  go  bragh,"  and  he  sung  it  with  a  better  tune  than  I  ever 
heard  it  sung  before  ov  since.  It  beat  all  how  musical  his  voice  was. 
He  sung  very  loud,  and  seemed  to  take  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  in  it." 
Dr.  Jacques  observed  that  what  struck  him  most  forcibly  was  to  hear  him 
sing  with  so  much  feeling,  and  pathos,  and  ecstasy.  Several  others  bora 
their  testimony  to  the  same  point. 

G.  Combe,  p.  416,  of  his  large  work,  describes  a  similar  case,  and  the 
American  Phrenological  Journal,  Vol.  I.  p.  243,  still  another,  and  Gall 
end  Spurzheim  many  others. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  PHRENOLOGY; 


PHRENOLOGICAL    DEVELOPEMENTS, 

TOGETHER    WITH 

THE  CHARACTER  AND  TALENTS, 

OF 


vo^*^^ }'/ry&ti 


AS  GIV 


y  f   J  ACS   ui  i 


<*»% 


WITH   REFERENCES  TO  THOSE    PAGES  OF  "  PHRENOLOGY  PROVED,  ILLUSTRATED, 

AND  APPLIED,"  IN  WHICH  WILL  BE  FOUND  A  FULL  AND  CORRECT 

DELINEATION    OF    THE    INTELLECTUAL    AND    MORAL 

CHARACTER  AND  MANIFESTATIONS  OF  THE 

ABOVE-NAMED    INDIVIDUAL. 

BY   O.    S.    FOWLER,    A.B. 

•-&UTHOR  OF  "PHRENOLOGY   PROVED,   ILLUSTRATED,   AND   APPLIED;"   "  ANSWER 
TO  VINDEX  ;''  "  THE   NATURAL   THEOLOGY   OP  PHRENOLOGY,"  &C.  &C 


FOR  SALE,  WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL, 

BY 

O.  S.  FOWLER, 

AND 

L.    N.    F  O  W  L  E  R, 

NO.    131    NASSAU     STREET,    N.    I. 
TWENTIETH  EDITION. 


EXPLANATION. 

The  proportionate  size  of  the  phrenological  organs  of  the  individual 
examined,  and,  consequently,  the  relative  power  and  energy  of  his  primary 
mental  powers  ;  that  is,  his  moral  and  intellectual  character  and  manifesta- 
tions, will  be  indicated  by  the  written  figures  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7:  figure  1  sig- 
nifying VERY  SMALL  ;  2,  SMALL  ;  3,  MODERATE  ;  4,  AVERAGE  ;  5,  FULL ; 
5,  LARGE  ;    7,  VERY  LARGE. 

In  order  to  render  the  indications  still  plainer,  these  figures  will  be  written 
In  the  table  opposite  to  the  organs  marked,  and  in  the  perpendicular  column 
headed  "  Full,"  "  Large,"  or  "  Small,"  according  as  he  has  the  organs  full, 
large,  or  small.  Adjoining  these  written  figures  will  be  references  to 
''Phrenology  Proved,"  &c,  where  he  will  find  not  only  his  individual 
faculties  described  in  that  degree  in  which  he  possesses  them,  but,  also,  the 
result  produced  by  their  combined  action — he  reading  as  descriptions  of 
himself,  those  combinations  which  he  is  found  to  possess. 

A 


Phrenology — Points  out  those  connexions  and  relations  winch  exijl 
between  the  conditions  and  dcv  elopements  of  the  brain,  and  the  mani- 
testations  of  the  mind,  discovering  each  from  an  observation  of  the  other. 
Its  one  distinctive  characteristic  doctrine  is,  that  each  class  of  the  mental 
functions  is  manifested  by  means  of  a  given  portion  of  the  brain,  called  an 
organ,  the  size  of  which  is  the  measure  of  the  power  of  function.  Thua 
the  benevolent  feeling  is  manifested  and  indicated-  by  means  of  brain  in  the 
frontal  part  of  the  top  of  the  head,  (see  cuts)  and  in  proportion  to  the 
developement  of  brain  here,  will  be  ones  spontaneous  flow  of  kind,  obliging 
feeling ;  and  so  of  every  other  quality  of  mind. 

I.  The  brain  is  the  organ  of  thexiim),  orthevns  sic  al  instrument 
of  thought  and  feeling. 

II.  The  mind  consists  of  a  plurality  of  independent  faculties  or 
powers,  each  of  which  exercises  a  distinct  class  of  functions. 

First.  A  plurality  of  mental  powers  would  allow  much  greater  variety 
and  perfection  of  the  mental  operations  than  could  be  attained  by  the  mind's 
being  a  single  power. 

Second.  If  the  mind  were  a  single  power,  it  could  be  doing  only  one 
thing  at  the  same  time,  but  if  it  be  a  compound  of  several  powers,  each 
could  be  in  simultaneous  action.  Our  own  consciousness  assures  us  that  we 
can  attend  to  more  than  one  thing  at  a  time — that  we  can  be  looking  and 
thinking,  walking  and  talking,  feeling  and  acting,  &c,  all  simultaneously. 

Third.  Insane  persons  are  eften  deranged  only  upon  a  single  subject, 
whilst  they  are  sane  upon  every  other.  Now  were  the  mind  a  single  power,  * 
and  the  brain  a  unity,  sanity  upon  one  subject,  and  insanity  upon  another, 
could  not  co-exist ;  whereas,  were  it  a  plurality  of  powers,  and  the  brain, 
of  organs,  a  given  organ,  and  with  it  its  power,  might  be  deranged,  whilst 
the  others  remained  in  a  healthy  state,  which  coincides  with  facts. 

III.  The  brain  consists  of  as  many  different  portions  called  or- 
gans, as  the  mind  does  of  faculties. 

If  the  brain  be  a  unity,  then  the  pathological  or  diseased  condition  of 
any  portion  of  it  must  affect  the  brain  as  a  ivhole,  and  prove  injurious  to 
the  mind  as  a  whole,  affecting  equally  its  every  function  and  operation ; 
but  in  case  the  brain  is  an  assemblage  of  parts  or  organs,  it  is  plain  that 
the  injury  of  one  of  them  will  affect  that  particular  class  of  mental  func- 
tions which  is  exercised  by  it,  and  that  only.  Now  this  is  the  form  which 
insanity  generally  assumes.  This  class  of  facts  is  of  that  positive,  "  ad 
ho?nine?i,"  conclusive  character  which  will  at  once  establish  or  refute  phren- 
ology, and  the  force  of  which  no  reflecting  mind  can  gainsay  or  resist. 

IV.  The  faculties  are  possessed  originally  in  different  degrees  of 
power  by  different  individuals,  and  also  by  the  same  individual. 

V.  Other  conditions  being  equal,  the  size  of  the  brain,  and  of  each 
organ,  is  the  measure  of  their  power  of  function. 

This  principle  of  increase  by  exercise,  and  decrease  by  inaction,  is 
familiar  in  its  application  to  the  hands  of  the  laborer,  sailor ,  &c,  to  the 
foot  of  the  expert  dancer  and  the  pedestrian,  to  the  breast  of  the  rower,  th 
right  hand  compared  with  the  left,  &c.  And  since  the  brain  is  governed 
by  this  same  physiological  law,  why  should  not  its  effect  be  the  same  upon 
the  organs  of  the  brain  1  It  is  for  our  opponents  to  show  that  this  is  not 
the  case,  especially  since  there  are  so  many  facts  establishing  this  point. 

Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1838,  by  0.  S.  Fowler, 
in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania. 


SYNOPSIS    OF    PHRENOLOGY. 

Explanation  of  the  Cuts,  (abbreviated  c.)  Cut  1  shows  tb.p  location 
number,  and  abbreviated  name  of  the  organs  :  2,  their  general  divisions  or 
classification  ■■  3,  4,  present  occipital  and  frontal  views  of  the  organs 
5  is  a  profile  cut  of  Washington  :  6,  of  Franklin  :  7,  of  Hersche1  ••  8, 9,  of 
Le  Blanc,  the  murderer  of  Judge  Say  re  and  family,  of  N.  J. :  10  represents 
a  well  balanced,  or  perfect  head  :  1 1  is  a  cut  of  a  highly  intellectual  female, 
and  one  endowed  with  great  versatility  of  talents :  12,  13,  are  cuts  of 
Me-che-Ke-le-a-tah,  the  celebrated  war-chief  of  the  Miami  Ind'ans :  14  s 
a  cut  of  Aurelia  Chase,  murderer  of  Dr.  Durkey's  wife,  Bait. :  J  ■>,  <>f  Black 
Hawk:  16,  17,  of  an  Indian  chief:  18,  of  De  Witt  Clinton:  19  of  Biu- 
nell,  engineer  of  the  Thames  tunnel,  Eng. :  20,  of  Philip,  a  notorious  thief 
and  liar,  (p.  320)  :  21,  27,  of  a  skull  found  on  the  British  lines  at  York 
town,  Va. :  22,  23,  of  a  remarkably  intelligent  monkey  :  24,  32,  of  a  hyena : 
25, 26,  of  a  N.  A.  Indian  :  28,  of  an  idiotick  child :  29,  of  a  full-grown  idiot  : 
50,37,  of  an  ichneumon  :  31,  36,  of  a  fox  :  34,  crow  :  37,  43,  of  a  very  cun- 
ning and  roguish  cat :  40,  of  Shakspeare,  from  an  English  portrait,  said  to 
be  the  most  correct  extant:  41,  of  Robert  Hall :  42,  a  New  Zealander. 

The  principal  conditions  upon  which  the  mental  manifestations  are 
found  to  depend.       These  are  mainly  as  follows. 

I.  The  size  of  the  brain,  other  conditions  being  equal,  is  found  to  be 
measure  of  the  aggregate  amount  of  the  mental  power ;  and  the  rela- 
tive size  of  the  several  organs  of  an  individual,  indicates  the  proportional 
strength  and  energy  of  his  corresponding  faculties. 

It  should,  however,  be  remembered,  that  the  amount  of  one's  mental 
power,  depends  even  more  upon  these  "other  conditioris,"  such  as  his 
organization,  or  the  vigour  of  his  constitution,  the  condition  of  his  nutri- 
tive organs,  the  state  of  his  health,  his  temperament,  the  amount  of 
excitement  under  which  his  various  faculties  act,  his  education,  habits, 
diet,  &c,  than  upon  the  size  of  his  brain  alone.  Accordingly,  in  conse- 
quence of  different  degrees  of  health,  rest,  fatigue,  excitement,  &c,  the 
manifested  quantity  or  amount  of  a  man's  mental  power,  will  vary  twenty, 
forty,  and  even  eighty  per  cent.,  whilst  the  kind  or  quality  will  differ 
little  if  any.  Hence,  both  in  proving  phrenology,  and  also  in  applying  its 
principles,  the  province  of  the  phrenologist  is  to  point  out  the  character 
or  kind  of  talents  and  mental  power,  rather  than  their  precise  amount  ,- 
and  yet,  if.  he  is  informed  as  to  these  "  other  conditions,"  (and  it  is  not 
only  his  right  to  know  them,  but  preposterous  in  him  to  pronounce  with- 
out such  knowledge,)  he  can  ascertain  very  nearly  the  amount,  as  well 
as  the  kind,  of  intellect  and  feeling. 

Average. — One  having  an  average-sized  brain,  with  activity  only 
average,  will  discover  only  an  ordinary  amount  of  intellect ;  be  inadequate 
to  any  important  undertaking ;  yet,  in  a  small  sphere,  or  one  that  requires 
only  a  mechanical  routine  of  business,  may  do  well :  with  activity  great 
or  very  great,  and  the  organs  of  the  propelling  powers  and  of  practical 
intellect,  large  or  very  large,  is  capable  of  doing  a  fair  business,  and  may- 
pass  for  a  man  of  some  talent,  yet  he  will  not  be  original  nor  profound ; 
will  be  quick  of  perception  ;  have  a  good  practical  understanding  ;  will  do 
well  in  his  sphere,  yet  never  manifest  any  traces  of  greatness,  and  out 
of  his  sphere,  be  common-place :  with  moderate  or  small  activity,  will 
Jiardly  have  common  sense. 

,    Full. — One  having  a  full-sized  brain,  with  activity  great  or  very  great 
Mid  the  organs  of  practical  intellect  and  of  the  propelling  powers,  large  o- 


SYNOPSIS    OF    FHREXOLOGT, 

very  large,  although  he  will  not  possess  greatness  of  intellect,  nor  a  deep*, 
strong  mind,  will  be  very  clover  ;  have  considerable  talent,  and  that  so  dis- 
tributed that  it  will  show  to  be  more  than  it  really  is;  is  capable  of  being 
a  good  scholar,  doing  a  fine  business,  and,  with  advantages  and  applica- 
tion, of  distinguishing  himself  somewhat,  yet  he  is  inadequate  to  a  great 
undertaking ;  cannot  sway  an  extensive  influence,  nor  be  really  great :  with 
activity  full  or  average,  will  do  only  tolerably  well,  and  manifest  only  a 
common  share  of  talents :  with  activity  moderate  or  small,  will  neither 
be  nor  do  much  worthy  of  notice:  c.  15.  43. 

Large. — One  having  a  large-sized  brain,  with  activity  average,  will 
possess  considerable  energy  of  intellect  and  feeling,  yet  seldom  manifest  it 
unless  it  is  brought  out  by  some  powerful  stimulus,  and  will  be  rather 
too  indolent  to  exert,  especially  his  intellect :  with  activity  full,  will  be 
endowed  with  an  uncommon  amount  of  the  mental  power,  and  be  capable 
of  doing  a  great  deal,  yet  require  considerable  to  awaken  him  to  that 
vigorous  effort  of  mind  of  which  he  is  capable ;  if  his  powers  are  not 
called  out  by  circumstances,  and  his  organs  of  practical  intellect  are  only 
average  or  full,  he  may  pass  through  life  without  attracting  notice,  or 
manifesting  more  than  an  ordinary  share  of  talents  :  but  if  the  perceptive 
faculties  are  strong  or  very  strong,  and  his  natural  powers  put  in  vigorous 
requisition,  he  will  manifest  a  vigour  and  energy  of  intellect  and  feeling  quite 
above  mediocrity ;  be  adequate  to  undertakings  which  demand  originality 
of  mind  and  force  of  character,  yet,  after  all,  be  rather  indolent  (c.  1 8)  :  with 
activity  great  or  very  great,  will  combine  great  power  of  mind  with  greet 
activity ;  exercise  a  commanding  influence  over  those  minds  with  which 
he  comes  in  contact ;  when  he  enjoys,  will  enjoy  intensely,  and  when  he 
suffers,  suffer  equally  so ;  be  susceptible  of  strong  excitement ,  and,  with 
the  organs  of  the  propelling  powers,  and  of  practical  intellect,  large  or 
very  large,  will  possess  all  the  mental  capabilities  for  conducting  a  large 
business ;  for  rising  to  eminence,  if  not  to  pre-eminence ;  and  discover 
great  force  of  character  and  power  of  intellect  and  feeling :  with  activity 
moderate,  when  powerfully  excited,  will  evince  considerable  energy  of 
intellect  and  feeling,  yet  be  too  indolent  and  too  sluggish  to  do  much ; 
lack  clearness  and  force  of  idea,  and  intenseness  of  feeling ;  unless  lite- 
rally driven  to  it,  will  not  be  likely  to  be  much  or  do  much,  and  yet  actu- 
ally possess  more  vigour  of  mind,  and  energy  of  feeling,  than  he  will 
manifest;  with  activity  1,  or  2,  will  border  upon  idiocy. 

Vert  Large. — One  having  a  very  large  head,  with  activity  average  or 
full,  on  great  occasions,  or  when  his  powers  are  thoroughly  roused,  will 
be  truly  great;  but  upon  ordinary  occasions,  will  seldom  manifest  any 
remarkable  amount  of  mind  or  feeling,  and  perhaps  pass  through  life  with 
the  credit  of  being  a  person  of  good  natural  abilities  and  judgments,  yet 
nothing  more :  with  activity  great,  strength,  and  the  intellectual  organs 
the  same,  will  be  a  natural  genius  ;  endowed  with  very  superior  powers 
of  mind  and  vigour  of  intellect;  and,  even  though  deprived  of  the  advan- 
tages of  education,  his  natural  talents  will  surmount  all  obstacles,  and  make 
him  truly  talented  (c.  7)  :  with  activity  very  great,  and  the  organs  of  prac- 
tical intellect  and  of  the  propelling  powers  large  or  very  large,  will  possess 
the  first  order  of  natural  abilities ;  manifest  a  clearness  and  force  of  intel 
lect  which  will  astonish  the  world,  and  a  power  of  feeling  which  will  carry 
all  before  him ;  and,  with  proper  cultivation,  enable  him  to  become  a  brigh 
star  in  the  firmament  of  intellectual  greatness,  upon  which  coming  age* 


c 


6 


0 


WITH    REFERENCES    TO    "PHRENOLOGY    PROVED,"  &C. 

may  gaze  with  delight  and  astonishment.  His  mental  enjoyment  will  be 
most  exquisite,  and  his  sufferings  equally  excruciating:  c.  5.  (i.  40.  41. 

Moderate. — One  with  a  head  of  only  moderate  size,  combined  with 
great  or  very  great  activity,  and  the  organs  of  the  propelling  powers  and 
of  practical  intellect,  will  possess  a  tolerable  share  of  intellect,  yet  appear 
10  possess  much  more  than  he  does ;  with  others  to  plan  for  and  direct 
him,  will  perhaps  execute  to  advantage,  yet  be  unable  to  do  much  alone ; 
will  have  a  very  active  mind,  and  be  quick  of  perception,  yet,  after  all, 
have  a  contracted  intellect  (c.  10.  26)  ;  possess  only  a  small  mental  calibre, 
and  lack  momentum  both  of  mind  and  character:  with  activity  only  average 
jr  fair,  will  have  but  a  moderate  amount  of  intellect,  and  even  this  scanty 
allowance  will  be  too  sluggish  for  action,  so  that  he  will  neither  suffer  nor 
enjoy  much :  with  activity  moderate  or  small,  be  an  idiot. 

Small  on  teri  Small. — One  with  a  small  or  very  small  head,  no 
matter  what  may  be  the  activity  of  his  mind,  will  be  incapable  of  intellect- 
ual effort;  of  comprehending  even  easy  subjects;  or  of  experiencing  much 
pain  or  pleasure ;  in  short,  will  be  a  natural  fool :  c.  28.  29. 

II.  The  Strength  of  the  Sistem,  including  the  brain,  or  what  is 
the  same  thing,  upon  the  perfection  or  imperfection  of  the  organization. 
Probably  no  phrenological  condition  is  so  necessary  for  the  manifestation 
of  mind,  as  a  strong,  compact  constitution,  and  energetick  physical  powers. 
Even  after  a  violation  of  the  laws  of  the  organization  has  brought  on 
disease,  a  naturally  vigorous  constitution  often  retains  no  small  share  of  ita 
former  elasticity  and  energy,  and  imparts  the  same  qualities  to  the  mental 
operations  (c.  5.  6.  7.  12.  15.  18.  40.  41.  43) ;  but,  in  proportion  as  thi 
is  defective,  weakness  and  imbecility  of  mind  will  ensue. 

III.  The  Degree  of  Activity. — In  judging  of  the  manifestations  of  the 
mind,  the  activity  of  the  brain  is  a  consideration  quite  as  important  as  it* 
size.  Whilst  size  gives  power  or  momentum  of  intellect  an  '  feeling,  acti 
vity  imparts  quickness,  intensity,  willingness,  and  even  a  ret«»ess  desire,  to 
act,  which  go  far  to  produce  efficiency  of  mind,  with  accompanying  effort 
and  action.  Under  the  head  of  size,  however,  the  effects  of  the  different 
degrees  of  activity  were  presented,  and  need  not  to  be  repeated  here. 

The  temperaments  are  capable  of  being  greatly  modified,  and  their 
proportion  even  radically  changed,  by  the  habits,  diet,  exercise,  &c,  of  the 
individual.  The  hard-working  man,  who  exercises  his  muscles  mainly, 
and  culcivates  but  little  sensitiveness,  either  of  bod}'  or  feeling,  and  the 
fashionable  belle,  who  experiences  the  other  extreme  of  excessive  sensibi- 
lity, both  physical  and  mental,  will  serve  to  illustrate  this  point. 

Tbi>  author  is  of  opinion,  that,  in  the  case  of  the  temperaments,  as  in 
that  of  the  several  organs,  the  nearer  equal  they  are,  the  better  for  the 
manifestation  of  both  the  physical  and  mental  energies,  and  for  long  life. 
y  The  Propelling  or  Executive  Faculties. — One  having  combat., 
destruct.,  firmness,  self-esteem,  hope,  &c,  large  or  very  large,  and  an  active 
brain,  has  impetus,  enterprise,  and  efficiency,  and  drives  what  he  takes 
hold  of :  these  faculties  being  to  the  mind  what  steam  is  to  the  engine,  or 
wind  to  the  sail.     Large  in  c.  5.  6.  12.  15.  16.  18.  40.  41.  42. 

Average  or  Full,  is  between  one  with  these  organs  large  and  smalL 

Moderate  or  Small,  takes  hold  of  things  softly  and  with  mittens  on  , 
lacks  efficiency  ;  and  has  not  enough  "go  ahead"  in  him  :  c.  10.  21.  26. 

V.  Upon  the  Temperament,  by  which  term  phrenologists  designati 


8  stnofsis  o*-  FHRiffoioar, 

the  degiee  of  energy  with  which  various  classes  of  the  corporal  organ* 
operate.     With  some  propriety,  they  describe  four  temperaments. 

1.  The  Ltmphatick,  or  that  in  which  the  various  secreting  glands  are 
the  most  active  portion  of  the  system,  produces  an  ease-seeking  disposition 
of  mind  and  body,  and  aversion  to  effort.  Hence  it  tends  to  lengthen  out 
life,  as  is  evident  from  its  predominating  more  in  young  children  and  ad- 
vanced age.  Signs  :  soft  and  abundant  flesh  ;  slow  but  steady  pulse  ;  love 
of  ease ;  light  hair  ;  and  great  size  of  the  abdominal  viscera.  The  author 
regards  this  temperament  in  a  more  favourable  light  than  do  most  other 
phrenologists:  p.  39.  c.  7.  41. 

2.  The  Sanguine,  or  that  in  which  the  arterial  portion  of  the  system, 
which  gives  circulation  to  the  various  fluids,  particularly  the  blood,  predo- 
minates in  activity,  is  accompanied  with  strong  feelings,  warm  passions, 
and  a  great  amount  of  ardour,  zeal,  activity,  and  warmth  of  feeling,  yet 
with  less  endurance  and  power.  Its  predominance  indicates  a  strong  con- 
stitution ;  love  of  physical  pleasure  ;  and  a  stirring,  business  talent :  com- 
bined with  much  of  the  Iymphatick,  it  is  less  favourable  to  the  menial 
manifestations,  and  requires  much  exercise  in  the  open  air.  Signs  :  sandy 
or  auburn  hair ;  fair  skin  ,  a  fresh,  florid  countenance  ;  blue  eyes  ;  a  strong, 
rapid  pulse  ;  warm  passions  ;  a  deep  and  broad  chest  and  shoulders  ;  a 
stout,  well  built  frame  ;  &c. :  p.  39. 

3.  The  Bilious,  or  that  in  which  the  osseous  and  muscular  portions  of 
the  system  predominate  in  activity,  produces  great  physical  strength ; 
endurance  and  power  both  of  body  and  mind ;  with  great  force  and  energy 
of  mind  and  character.  Signs  :  a  bony,  muscular,  athletick  frame ;  black 
hair ;  dark  skin  ;  dark  eyes ;  a  strong,  steady  pulse ;  hardness  of  flesh ; 
bones  projecting;  &c. :  p.  39.  c.  5.  12.  13.  15.  16. 

4.  The  Nervous,  or  that  in  which  the  brain  and  the  nerves  predomi- 
nate in  activity,  gives  clearness  of  perception  ;  quickness  of  mind  and  body; 
susceptibility  to  excitement,  with  less  power  and  endurance.  Signs:  light, 
fine,  and  thin  hair;  a  thin,  clear,  delicate  skin  ;  smaller  frame;  head  relatively 
large  ;  small  chest;  rapid,  but  not  hard  or  strong  pulse  ;  &c. :  p.  39.  c.  10. 

The  nervous  predominant,  with  a  large  share  of  the  bilious  and  san- 
guine, combines  a  great  amount  of  power  and  endurance  of  mind  and 
body,  with  great  activity  and  excitability  ;  and  is  more  favourable  to  intel- 
lectual pursuits,  and  vigour  of  thought  and  feeling,  than  perhaps  any  other 
When  one  of  this  temperament  enjoys,  he  enjoys  intensely,  and  when  he 
suffers,  his  sufferings  are  extremely  excruciating:  c.  6.  11.  15.  40.  43. 

The  sanguine-bilious  is  not  an  unfavourable  temperament,  nor  particu 
larly  favourable,  but  whilst  it  gives  a  great  amount  of  mental  power,  it  if. 
frequently,  though  not  always,  coupled  with  some  manifest  deficiency. 

The  nervo-bilious  unites  great  pc-wer  with  great  activity,  and,  although 
it  seldom  gives  great  brilliancy,  it  produces  that  kind  of  talent  which  will 
stand  the  test,  and  shine  in  proportion  as  it  is  brought  into  requisition.  A 
good  share  of  the  sanguine  added,  is  more  favourable  to  the  manifestations 
of  mind,  and  also,  of  physical  power,  than  probably  any  other:  c.  6.  41. 

The  bilious,  combined  with  the  Iymphatick,  gives  considerable  power  of 
mind,  and  strength  of  body,  accompanied  with  so  much  heaviness  and  indo- 
lence as  to  be  less  favourable  ;  yet,  if  one  with  this  temperament  acts  under 
strong  excitement,  his  efforts  tell  with  power  upon  the  object  in  view  :  c.  7. 

The  nervo-sangutneous,  with  but  little  bilious,  gives  extreme  intensity 
of  action,  and  perhaps  brilliancy  of  talent  with  vivid  feelings  and  "onccp 


6 

x 

V 

J1 


WITH    REFERENCE    TO    "prRENOLOGY    PROVFD,"   &C.  T 

lions,  yet,  for  want  of  the  strength  imparted  by  the  bilious  temperament,  the 
mental  operations  will  be  flashy,  vapid,  and  too  intense  to  remain  long 
enough  to  amount  to  much,  the  activity  being  too  great  for  the  strength. 

But  the  following  classification  and  naming  of  the  Temperaments, 
appears  to  the  author  more  simple  and  comprehensive,  and  less  liable  to  be 
misunderstood,  than  those  now  used.  Mail's  physical  organization  is  com- 
posed of  three,  instead  of  four,  classes  of  organs,  namely, — 
^  I.  The  Vital  Temperament,  or  the  nourishing  apparatus,  embracing 
those  internal  organs  contained  within  the  trunk,  which  manufacture 
vitality,  create  and  sustain  animal  life,  and  re-suppy  those  energies  expen- 
ded by  every  action  of  the  brain,  nerves,  or  muscles.  This  temperament 
s  anaJagous  to  the  Sanguine  and  Lymphatic  temperaments. 

II.  The  Motite  Apparatus,  or  the  bones,  muscles,  tendons,  &c, 
which  gives  physical  strength  and  bodily  motion,  and  constitutes  the  frami 
work  of  the  body.     This  is  analagous  to  the  bilious  temperament. 

III.  The  Mental  Apparatus,  or  nervous  temperament,  embracing  the 
nrain  and  nervous  system,  the  exercise  of  which  produces  mind,  thought, 
feeling,  sensation,  &c.  (For  a  full  description  of  these  temperaments, 
and  their  effects  on  mind  and  character,  see  "  Fowlers  Practical  Phren 
ology,"  pp.  10  to  23.) 


ANALYSIS  AND  CLASSIFICATION  OF  THE  FACULTIES. 

GENUS  I.  Affective  Faculties,  on  Feelings.  These  occupy 
the  back  and  upper  portions  of  the  head,  where  the  hair  appears,  and 
originate  the  feelings,  emotions,  sentiments,  passions,  &c. :  p.  45. 

SPECIES  I.    Domestick  Propensities,  or  Family  and  Social  Feelings. 

'/  Average  or  Full,  loves  and  enjoys  his  family,  yet  not  passionately. 
I.  Large  or  Vert  Large,  sets  every  thing  by  his  family ;  is  an  affec- 
tionate companion  and  parent ;  very  happy  with,  and  miserable  without 
or  away  from,  his  home  and  family,  &c. :  c.  5. 10.  11.  12. 14.  15.  42. 
Moderate  or  Small,  is  not  well  qualified  to  enjoy  or  perform  family 
or  social  duties  and  relations ;  considers  other  interests  as  paramount. 

\.  2  AMATIVENESS. — Reciprocal  attachment  and  love  of  the  sexes. 
Average,  loves  the  other  sex,  and  enjoys  their  society,  well :  c.  10.  11. 
Full,  feels  much  love  and  tenderness  for  the  opposite  sex ;  is  fond  of 
them,  yet,  with  activity  great,  has  excitability  rather  than  power :  p.  59. 
Large,  is  an  ardent  admirer  and  tender  lover  of  the  person  and  com- 
pany of  the  other  sex  ;  capable  of  intense  connubial  attachments ;  feels 
strong  sexual  impulses,  desire  to  marry  ;  &c.  :  p.  57.  c.  5.  7.  12.  15.  16. 
-  Vert  Large,  is  even  passionately  fond  of  the  other  sex ;  experiences 
a  power  and  activity  of  sexual  love  almost  uncontrollable :  p.  58.  c.  14. 
Moderate,  is  rather  deficient  in  sexual  love,  attentions  to  the  opposite 
sex,  &c. ;  may  have  ardour,  yet  less  strength,  of  this  passion:  p.  59.43 
Small,  feels  little  sexual  or  connubial  love,  or  desire  to  marry  :  p.  59. 
Vert  Small,  seldom  or  never  experiences  this  feeling  :  p.  60.  c.  29  31 

*,  3.  PHILOPROGENITIVENESS.— Parental  attachment,-  love  of 
one's  offspring  ,■  fondness  for  pets,  young  and  tender  animals,  <5rc:  p.  61. 
Average,  loves  his  own  children,  yet  not  fondly,  dislikes  those  of  others. 
/Full,  as  a  parent,  is  tender,  but  not  indulgent ;  fond  of  his  own  child- 
ren, yet  not  partial  to  others ;  bears  little  from  them  :  p.  63.  c.  8.  11.  15 
Large,  feels  strong,  tender  parental  love ;  is  devotedly  attached,  and  very 


J 


9  SYNOPSIS    OF    PHRENOLOGY, 

kind,  to  his  own,  if  not  all,  children,  to  pets,  &c. :  p.  62.  c.  12.  16. 
Very  Larce,  is  passionately  fond  of  all  children,  of  pets,  &c. ;  a  gene* 
ral  favourite  with  them ;  very  indulgent  and  playful ;  idolizes  his  own 
children  ;  is  liable  to  over-indulge  them  :  p.  63.  c.  10.  14.  20.  21.  22.  42. 
Moderate,  loves  his  own  children  some,  yet  bears  little  from  them  ; 
dislikes  those  that  are  young,  or  not  his,  or  troublesome  :  p.  64. 
Small,  feels  little  interest  in  even  his  own  children,  much  less  in  those 
of  others  ;  is  liable  to  treat  them  unkindly  :  p.  64.  c.  26. 
Very  Small,  has  no  parental  love  ;  hates  all  children  :  p.  64.  c.  30. 
4. f  ADHESIVENESS. — Friendship  ;  social  feeling ;  love  of  society 
Average,  is  quite  friendly,  yet  will  not  sacrifice  much  for  friends. 

/  Full,  is  highly  social,  yet  not  remarkably  warm-hearted  :  p.  66.  c.  16 
^?(Large,  is  eminently  social,  an  ardent,  sincere  friend;  enjoys  friendly 
society  extremely;  forms  strong,  if  not  hasty,  attachments  :  p.  65.  C 11. 
Very  Large,  loves  friends  with  indescribable  tenderness  and  strength 
of  feeling ;  will  sacrifice  almost  every  thing  upon  the  altar  of  friend- 
ship ;  with  amat.  full  or  large,  is  susceptible  of  the  most  devoted  con- 
nubial love ;  falls  in  love  easily  :  p.  65.  c.  10.  14.  20.  21.  42. 
Moderate,  loves  friends  some,  yet  self  more  ;  quits  friends  often  :  p.  67. 

•     Small,  is  unsocial,  coid-hearted,  likes  and  is  liked  by  few  or  none  :  p.  67. 
Very  Small,  is  a  stranger  to  friendly  social  feeling :  p.  67.  c.  24.  32. 

I.  5.  INHABITIVENESS.— Love  of  home  as  such  ,•  attachment  to  the 
place  where  one  has  lived  ;  unwillingness  to  change  it ,-  patriotism. 
Average,  forms  sonfe,  though  not  strong,  local  attachments  :  c.  8.  12. 

/  Full,  loves  home  well,  yet  does  not  grieve  much  on  leaving  it :  p.  69. 

'f, Large,  soon  becomes  strongly  attached  to  the  place  in  which  he  lives  ; 
loves  home  and  country  dearly ;  leaves  them  reluctantly ;  is  unhappy 
without  a  home  of  his  own:  p.  68. ^3.  12.  14.  15.  16.  21. 
Very  Large,  regards  home  as  the  dearest,  sweetest  spot  on  earth ;  feels 
homesick  when  away ;  dislikes  changing  residences;  is  pre-eminently 
patriotic ;  thinks  of  his  native  place  with  intense  interest :  p.  68.  c  5. 
Moderate,  has  some,  but  no  great,  regard  for  home  as  such :  p.  69.  c.  26. 
Small  or  Very  Small,  forms  few  local  attachments ;  cares  little 
where  he  is ;  makes  any  place  home :  leaves  and  changes  residences 
without  regret :  p.  69.     (  |  The  number  according  to  Spurzheim.) 

6.  CONCENTRATIVENESS.—  Unity  and  continuity  of  thought  ana 
feeling  ,•  power  of  entire  and  concentrated  application  to  one  thing. 
Average,  possesses  this  power  to  some,  though  to  no  great,  extent. 
Full,  is  disposed  to  attend  to  but  one  thing  at  once,  yet  can  turn  ra- 
pidly from  thing  to  thing ;  is  neither  disconnected  nor  prolix  :  p.  71.  c.  L5,\ 
Large,  is  able  and  inclined  to  apply  his  mind  to  one,  and  but  one,  sub-  ■ 
ject  for  the  time  being,  tiU  it  is  finished  ;  changes  his  mental  operations 
with  difficulty  ;  is  often  'p^lix?:'"]!.  72.  c.  12.  42. 

Very  Large,  places  his  mind  upon  subjects  slowly;  cannot  leave  them 
unfinished,  nor  attend  to  but  one  thing  at  once ;  is  very  tedious ;  has 

3  great  application,  yet  lacks  intensity  and  point  i  p.  70. 
,  Moderate,  loves  and  indulges  variety  and  change  of  thought,  feeling 
occupation,  &c. ;  is  not  confused  by  them ;  rather- lacks  application  ;  has 
inte?isity,  but  not  unity,  of  the  mental  action  :  p.  71.  c.  16. 
Small,  crave?  novelty  and  variety  ;  has  little  application ;  thinks  and 
feels  inten«  -,  yet  not  long  on  any  thing ;  jumps  rapidly  from  premise 
to  conclusion    fails  tc  connect  and  carry  out  his  ideas,  &c. :  p.  71.  c.  14 


-f 


WITH    REFERENCES    TO    "  rHREVOLOGT    PROVED,"    &C  9 

Vert  Small,  is  restless;  satisfied  only  by  constant  succession:  p.  72, 
This  faculty  is  sui  generis,  and  affects  both  feeling  and  intellect. 

8PEC1ES  II.  Selfish  Plopensities.  These  provide  for  the  various 
animal  wants  ;  have  reference  to  the  necessities,  desires,  and  gratifications 
/  of  their  possessor ;  and  terminate  upon  his  sensual  interests  and  wants. 
(a  Large  or  Vert  Large,  has  strong  animal  desires  ;  is  strongly  tempted 
to  gratify  them  ;  prone  to  be  selfish,  unless  the  moral  sentiments  are  still 
stronger ;  and  will  take  good  care  of  number  one  :  c.  8.  12.  14.  15.  16.  20. 
Moderate  or  Small,  is  not  selfish  enough  ;  easily  trode  upon;  needs 
to  have  some  one  to  take  care  of  him  ;  and  cannot  give  himself  up  to 
low-lived,  sensual  pleasures  :  c.  10.  11.  21.  41. 

A.  VITATIVENESS. — Love  of  existence  a.s  such,  dread  of annihilation. 
Average,  is  attached  to  life,  and  fears  death,  yet  not  a  great  deal. 
xEull,  desires  life,  but  not  eagerly,  from  love  of  it  and  of  pleasure  :  p.  74 

(j, Large,  loves,  and  clings  tenaciously  to,  existence,  for  its  own  sake, 
craves  immortality  and  dreads  annihilation,  even  though  miserable  :  p.  74 
Very  Large, however  wretched, shrinks  from,  and  shudders  at  the  thought 
of,  dying  and  being  dead ;  feels  that  he  cannot  give  up  existence :  p.  74 
Moderate,  loves  life,  yet  is  not  very  anxious  about  living :  p.  74. 
Small  or  Very  Small,  heeds  not  life  or  death,  existence  or  annihilation 

6.  6.  COMBATIVENESS. — Feeling  of  resistance,  defence,  opposition , 
boldness,  willingness  to  encounter  ,-  courage,  resentment,  spirit :  p.  75. 
Average,  is  pacifick,  but,  when  driven  to  it,  defends  his  rights  boldly , 
avoids  collision,  strife,  &c,  yet,  once  excited,  is  quite  forcible. 

i  ^Full,  seldom  either  courts  or  shrinks  from  opposition ;  when  roused,  is 
quite  energetick ;  may  be  quiet  tempered,  yet  is  not  contentious :  p.  78 
Large,  is  resolute  and  courageous ;  spirited  and  efficient  as  an  oppo- 
nent ;  quick  and  intrepid  in  resistance ;  loves  debate ;  boldly  meets,  if 
he  does  not  court,  opposition :  p.  75.  c.  5.  15.  8.  16. 
Very  Large,  is  powerful  in  opposition  ;  prone  to  dispute,  attack,  &c. 
contrary  ;  has  violent  temper ;  governs  it  with  difficulty  :  p.  77.  c.  12. 14. 
Moderate,  avoids  collision;  is  rather  pacifick  and  inefficient:  p.  7S 
Small,  has  feeble  resistance,  temper,  force,  &c. ;  is  cowardly :  p.  79 
Very  Small,  withstands  nothing ;  is  chickenhearted ;  an  arrant  coward 

7.  l.  DESTRUCTIVENESS.  —  Executiveness ,-    indignation,-   force,- 
severity  ,-  sternness ,-  a  destroying,  pain-causing  disposition  .-  p.  82. 
Average,  has  not  really  deficient,  yet  none  too  much,  indignation.  19. 
Full,  can,  but  is  loath  to,  cause  or  witness  pain  or  death  ;  has  sufficient 

/*  severity,  yet  requires  considerable  to  call  it  out :  p.  83.  c.  5. 11. 
/<?t  Large,  when  excited,  feels  deep-toned  indignation  ;  is  forcible,  and  dis- 
posed to  subdue  or  destroy  the  cause  of  his  displeasure :  p.  82.  c.  5.  18. 
Very  Large,  when  provoked,  is  vindictive,  cruel,  disposed  to  hurt,  take 
revenge,  &c. ;  bitter  and  implacable  as  an  enemy ;  very  forcible  :  p.  83, 
c  12.  13.  14.  15.  16.  17.  24.  25.  26.  32.  33.  35.  42. 
Moderate,  is  mild  ;  not  severe  nor  destructive  enough ;  when  angry, 
lacks  power ;  can  hardly  cause  or  witness  pain  or  death :  p.  84.  c.  10.  41. 
Small,  would  hardly  hurt  one  if  he  could,  or  could  if  he  would ;  has 
so  feeble  anger  that  it  is  derided  more  than  feared  :  p.  84.  c.  21.  27. 
Very  Small,  is  unable  to  cause,  witness,  or  endure  pain  or  death 
9.  *  ALIMENTIVENESS.— Appetite  for  sustenance ,-  cause  of  hunger. 
Average,  enjoys  food  well,  but  not  very  well ;  hence  is  particular  :  c.  41. 
Full,  has  a  good  appetite,  yet  can  govern  it  well ;  is  not  greedy:  p.  S7„. 


16  SYNOPSIS    OF    PHRENOLOGY, 


c. 


Large,  has  an  excellent  appetite ;  a  hearty  relish  for  food,  drink,  &C' 

enjoys  them  much  ;  is  a  good  liver;  not  dainty  :  p.  86.  c.  5.  12.  14. 

*fy  A^Vehy  Large,  sets  too  much  by  the  indulgence  of  his  palate;  eats  with 

/  the  keenest  appetite  ;  perhaps  "  makes  a  god  of  his  belly  :"  p.  87.  c.  18 

/    Moderate,  has  not  a  good,  nor  very  poor,  but  rather  poor,  appetite:  p.  87 

Small  or  Vert  Small,  is  dainty,  mincing,  particular  about  food  ;  eaU 

with  little  relish  ;  hardly  cares  when  he  eats,  or  whether  at  all :  p.  88. 

9.  8.  ACQUISITIVENESS. — Love  of  acquiring  and  possessing  pro- 
perty as  such  ;  desire  to  save,  lay  up.  Jfc.,-  innate  feeling  of mine  and 
thine,  of  a  right  to  possess  and  dispose  of  things  .-  p.  89. 
Average,  loves  money,  but  not  greatly  ;  can  make  it,  but  spends  freely 
Full,  sets  by  property,  both  for  itself,  and  what  it  procures,  yet  is  not 

^penurious;  is  industrious  and  saving,  yet  supplies  his  wants:  p.  93. 
*4-  h  Large,  has  a  strong  desire  to  acquire  property ;  is  frugal ;  saving  of 
money  ;  close  and  particular  in  his  dealings ;  devoted  to  money-making 
trading,  &c. ;  generally  gets  the  value  of  his  money:  p.  89.  c.  5.  18. 
Very  Large,  makes  money  his  idol ;  grudges  it ;  is  tempted  to  get  it 
dishonestly  ;  penurious ;  sordid  ;  covetous ;  &c. :  p.  92.  c.  8.  9.  20.  26 
Moderate,  finds  it  mcie  difficult  to  keep  than  make  money  ;  desires  it 
more  to  supply  wants  than  lay  up ;  is  hardly  saving  enough :  p.  94.  c.  7. 14. 
Small,  will  generally  spend  what  money  he  can  get  injudiciously,  if  not 
profusely  ;  lays  up  little  ;  disregards  the  prices  of  things-:  p.  95.  c.  27. 41 
Very  Small,  cannot  know  nor  be  taught  the  value  or  use  of  money :  p.  95. 

10.  7.  SECRETIVENESS.— -Desire  and  ability  to  secrete,  conceal,  <frc. 
Aterage,  is  not  artful  nor  very  frank ;  is  generally  open ;  can  conceal. 

/"  Full,  can  keep  to  himself  what  he  wishes  to,  yet  is  not  cunning :  p.  99. 
(j)  Large,  seldom  discloses  his  plans,  opinions,  &c. ;  is  hard  to  be  found," 
out ;  reserved ;  non-committal :  p.  96.  c.  5.  40. 

Very  Large,  seldom  appears  what  he  is,  or  says  what  he  means ;  often 
equivocates  and  deceives ;  is  mysterious,  dark,  cunning,  artful,  given  to 
double-dealing,  eye-service.  &c. :  p.  98.  c.  8.  9.  12.  13.  15.  16.  17,  20. 
25.  26.  22.  30.  31.  33.  34.  36.  37.  38.  43. 

Moderate,  is  quite  candid  and  open-hearted;   loves   truth;   dislikes 
concealment,  underhand  measures,  &c. ;  seldom  employs  them  :  p.  100. 
Small,  speaks  out  just  what  he  thinks ;  acts  as  he  feels ;  does  not  wish 
to  learn  or  tell  the  secrets  of  others,  yet  freely  tells  his  own  ;  is  too  plain-  N 
spoken  and  candid  :  p.  101.  c.  21.  27.  41.  \ 

Very  Small,  keeps  nothing  back;  has  a  transparent  heart:  p.  101. 

GENUS  III>     Human,  Moral,  and  Religious  Sentiments  :  102. 

SPECIES  I.  Selfish  Sentiments.  In  their  character  and  objects,  these, 
faculties  partake  more  of  the  human,  and  less  of  the  animal,  than  do  the 
selfish  propensities,  and  although  they  terminate  upon  self,  yet  they  have 
no  inconsiderable  influence  upon  the  moral  character  :  p.  47.  103.  c.  2 
Average  o"  Full,  has  a  respectable,  though  not  great,  regard  for  hia 
character,  and  desire  to  do  something  worthy  of  himself :  c.  21.  10.  11 
Large  or  Very  Large,  thinks  much  of  and  about  himself;  has  a  great 
amount  of  character  of  some  kind  :  p.  51.  c.  5.  6.  12.  14.  15.  16.  18.  40 
Moderate,  Small,  or  Very  Small,  has  too  little  pride  and  weight 
of  character  and  ambition  to  give  manliness  and  efficiency  :  c.  20.  26. 

11.  10.  CAUTIOUSNESS. —  Carefulness,-  provision  against  danger. 
Average,  has  some  caution,  yet  hardly  enough  for  success :  c.  41. 
Fi'iXi  has  prudence  and  forethought,  yet  not  too  much :  p.  105.  c.  40 


(,. 


"WITH    REFERENCES    TO    "PHnENOLOBT    PROVED,"  &C.  li 

fa     Large,  is  always  watchful ;  on  the  look-out ;  careful ;  anxious ;  solid* , 
tous;  provident  against  real  and  imaginary  danger,  &c:  p.  104.  c.  5. 6. 
Very  Large,  hesitates  too  much  ;  suffers  greatly  from  groundless  fears  , 
is  timid,  easily  frightened,  &c. :  p.  105.  c.  12.  13.  16.  17.  21.  26.  27.  31. 
Moderate,  is  rather  imprudent,  hence  unlucky  ;  liable  to  misfortunes 
caused  by  carelessness;  plans  too  imperfectly  for  action:  p.  106. 
Small,  acts  impromptu ;   disregards  consequences ;  fears  nothing ;  ' 
imprudent;  luckless;  often  in  hot  water :  p.  106. 
Very  Small,  is  reckless,  destitute  of  fear  and  forethought:  p.  107. 
t   Circumspection.  Propriety;  discreetness  of  expression  and  conduct 
Average  or  Full,  has  some,  though  none  too  much,  discretion  and 
propriety  of  expression  and  conduct ;  sometimes  speaks  inconsiderately. 
Large  or  Very  Large,  weighs  well  what  he  says  and  does;   has  a 
nice  sense  of  propriety  ;  thinks  twice  before  he  speaks  once. 
Moderate  or  Small,  does  and  says  indiscreet  things  :  unascertained. 

12.  11.  APPROBATIVENESS.— Sense  of  honour,  regard  for  charac- 
ter,- ambition,-  love  of  popularity,  fame,  distinction,  <Jjr. .•  p.  107. 
Average,  enjoys  approbation,  yet  will  not  sacrifice  much  to  obtain  it. 
Full,  desires  and  seeks  popularity,  and  feels  censure,  yet  will  neither 
deny  nor  trouble  himself  much  to  secure  or  avoid  either:  p.  110. 
Large,  sets  every  thing  by  character,  honour,  &c. ;  is  keenly  alive  to 
the  frowns  and  smiles  of  publick  opinion,  praise,  &c. ;  tries  to  show  off 
to  good  advantage;  is  affable,  ambitious,  apt  to  praise  himself:  p.  108. 
Vert  Large,  regards  his  honour  and  character  as  the  apple  of  his  eye  ; 
is  even  morbidly  sensitive  to  praise  and  censure ;  over  fond  of  show, 
fashion,  praise,  style,  &c. ;  extremely  polite,  ceremonious,  &c. :  p.  110. 

/(Moderate,  feels  reproach  some,  yet  is  little  affected  by  popularity  or 
^  unpopularity  ;  may  gather  the  flowers  of  applause  that  are  strewed  in 

his  path,  yet  will  not  deviate  from  it  to  collect  them  :  p.  1 12. 

Small,  cares  little  for  popular  frowns  or  favours ;  feels  little  shame ; 

disregards  and  despises  fashions,  etiquette,  &c. ;  is  not  polite:  p.  112. 

Vert  Small,  cares  nothing  for  popular  favour  or  censure. 

13.  12.  Self-esteem.  Self-respect ,-  high-toned,  manly  feeling  ,•  innate 
love  of  personal  liberty,  independent,  $c.,-  pride  of  character :  p.  113. 
Average,  respects  himself,  yet  is  not  haughty :  c.  21.  41. 

s  Full,  has  much  self-respect ;  pride  of  character ;  independence :  p.  1 16. 

(j?  Large,  is  high-minded,  independent,  self-confident,  dignified,  his  own 

master;  aspires  to  be  and  do  something  worthy  of  himself;  assumes 

£T   responsibilities;  does  few  little  things  :  p.  114.  c.  5.  G. 

Os  Vert  Large,  has  unbounded  self-confidence ;   endures  no  restraint ; 

/    takes  no  advice;  is  rather  haughty,  imperious,  &c;  p.  1 16.  c.  8.  14. 15. 16. 

Moderate,  has  some  self-respect,  and  manly  feeling,  yet  too  little  to 

give  ease,  dignity,  weight  of  character,  &c. ;  is  too  trifling:  p.  1 15.  c.  26 

Small,  lets  himself  down ;  says  and  does  trifling  things ;   associates 

with  inferiors  ;  is  not  looked  up  to  ;  lacks  independence  :  p.  117.  c.  11. 

Very  Small,  is  servile,  low-minded:  destitute  of  self-respect :  p.  117. 

14.  15.  FIRMNESS. — Decision,  stability,  fixedness  of  character,  <fc.  119. 
Average,  has  some  decision,  yet  too  little  for  general  success  :  c.  -20. 
Full,  has  perseverance  enough  for  ordinary  occasions,  yet  too  little  for 

/     great  enterprises;  is  neither  fickle  nor  stubborn  :  p.  121.  c.  21.  27. 
q  ,  Large,  may  be  fully  relied  on  ;  is  set  in  his  own  way  ;  hard  to  be  coa- 
*      vincad  or  changed  at  all;  holds  on  long  and  hard  :  p.  119.  c.  6 


■U  sruorsrs  of  phrenologt, 

/Very  Large,  is  wilful ;  and  so  tenacious  and  unchangeable  of  opi- 
/    nion,  purpose,  &c,  that  he  seldom  gives  up  any  thing  :  p.  120.  c.  5.  8. 
12.  14.  15.  16.  17. 

Moderate,  gives  over  too  soon  ;  changes  too  often  and  too  easily  ;  thus 
fails  to  effect  what  greater  firmness  would  do :  p.  122.  c.  11.  26. 
Shale  or  Very  Small,  lacks  perseverance ;  is  too  changeable  and 
vacillating  to  effect  much,  or  be  relied  upon  :  p.  122. 

SPECIES  II.  Moral  and  Religious  Sentiments.  These  render 
man  a  moral,  accountable,  and  religious  being ;  humanize,  adorn,  and 
elevate  his  nature ;  connect  him  with  the  moral  government  of  God ; 
create  the  higher  and  nobler  sentiments  of  our  nature ;  and  are  the  origin 
of  goodness,  virtue,  moral  principle  and  purity,  &c. :  p.  48.  123.  c.  2. 
Average  or  Full,  has  moral  feeling  and  principle,  yet  too  Little  to 

/withstand  large  or  very  large  propensities  :  c.       15.  21. 

//(Large  or  Very  Large,  is  morally  inclined;  sentimental;  thinks  and 
feels  much  on  moral  and  religious  subjects,  &c:  p.  52.  c.  5.  6.  7.  11.  41. 
Moderate,  Small,  or  Very  Small,  has  not  strong  moral  or  religious 
feelings;  lets  his  larger  faculties  rule  him :  p.  52.  c.  14.  17.  20.  26.42. 

15.  16.  CONSCIENTIOUSNESS.— Innate  feeling  of  duty,  accnunta- 

i  bility,  justice,  right,  S(C.  ;  moral  principle ,-  love  of  truth  :  p.  124. 
/A  Average,  has  right  intentions,  but  their  influence  is  limited :  c.  15. 

'  Full,  strives  to  do  right,  yet  sometimes  yields  to  temptation  ;  resists 
besetting  sins,  but  may  be  overcome,  and  then  feels  remorse :  p.  130.  c  27. 
J-     Large,  is  honest ;  faithful ;  upright  at  heart ;  moral  in  feeling ;  grate- 
^•°    ful ;  penitent ;  means  well ;  consults  duty  before  expediency  ;  loves  and 
means  to  speak  the  truth;  cannot  tolerate  wrong  :  p.  126.  c.  13.  25. 11. 
Very  Large,  is  scrupulously  exact  in  matters  of  right ;  perfectly  honest 
in  motive ;  always  condemning  self  and  repenting  ;  very  forgiving,  con- 
scientious, &c. ;  makes  duty  every  thing,  expediency  nothing:  p.  129. 
/\  , Moderate,  has  considerable  regard  for  duty  in  feelmg,  but  less  in  prac- 
^    tice ;  justifies  himself;  is  not  very  penitent,  grateful,  or  forgiving  ;  often 
temporizes  with  principle  ;  sometimes  lets  interest  rule  duty  .-  p.  131. 
Small,  has  few  conscientious  scruples ;  little  penitence,  gratitude,  re- 
gard for  moral  principle,  justice,  duty,  &c. :  p.  132.  c.  20.  16.  17.  42. 
Very  Small,  neither  regards  nor  feels  the  claims  of  duty  or  justice. 

16. 17.  HOPE. — Anticipation,-  expectation  of  future  happiness,  success,  <$r. 
Average,  has  some,  but  generally  reasonable,  hopes ;  is  seldom  elated 

f  Full,  is  quite  sanguine,  yet  realizes  about  what  he  expects :  p.  139. 

/    Large,  expects,  attempts,  and  promises  a  great  deal  ;  is  generally  san- 

v  guine,  cheerful,  &c. ;  rises  above  present  troubles;  though  disappointed, 
hopes  on  still ;  views  the  brightest  side  of  prospects  :  p.  137.  c.  5.  6.  26. 
Very  Large,  has  unbounded  hopes ;  builds  a  world  of  castles  in  the 
air  ;  lives  in  the  future  ;  has  too  many  irons  in  the  fire  :  p.  138.  c.  12.  13. 
Moderate,  expects  and  attempts  too  little  ;  succeeds  beyond  his  hopes  ; 
is  prone  to  despond  ;  looks  on  the  darker  side  :  p.  139. 
Small,  is  low-spirited  ;  easily  discouraged  ;  fears  the  worst ;  sees  many 
lions  in  his  way  ;  magnifies  evils  ;  lacks  enterprise:  p.  140.  c.  17. 
Very  Small,  expects  nothing  good;  has  no  hope  of  the  future  :  p.  140. 

17.  18.  MARVELLOUSNESS.— Belief  in  the  supernatural;  credulity. 
Average,  believes  some,  but  not  much,  in  wonders,  forewarnings,  &c. 


TvTTH    REFKELK3T6Efl    TO    "  P1IRENOLOGT    rnoVED,"  &C.  IS 

Tull,  is  open  to  conviction;  rather  credulous ;  believes  in  dreams,  divine 
providences  and  forewarnings,  the  wonderful,  &o. :   p.  1  !'•>. 
Large,  believes  and  delights  in  the  supernatural,  in  dreams,  ghosts,  &c. ; 
thinks  many  natural  things  supernatural:  p.  142.  c.  8.  12. 
Vktiy  Large,  is  very  superstitious;  regards  most  things  with  wonder 
Modkiiate,  believes  but  little  that  cannot  be  accounted  for,  yet  is  open 
to  conviction  ;  is  incredulous,  but  listens  to  evidence  :  p.  144. 
h  \  Small,  is  convinced  only  by  the  hardest ;  believes  nothing  till  he  see-' 
■^    fads,  or  why  and  wherefore,  not  even  revelation  farther  than  a  reason 
is  rendered  ;  is  prone  to  reject  new  things  without  examination  :  p.  145. 
Veuv  Small,  is  skeptical ;  believes  little  else  than  his  senses  :  p.  146. 
e.  ii  VENERATION. — The  feeling  of  worship  for  a  Supreme  Being; 
srespect  for  religion  and  things  sacred,  and 'J \  rs'i  p.  147. 

■f/AVEHAOH.  may  feel  religious  worship,  yet  little  respect  for  meti.  10. 
/  Full,  is  capable  of  much  religious  fervour  and  devotion,  yet  is  not  habi- 
tually serious;  generally  treats  his  fellow  men  civilly:   p.  L49. C.  11.42. 
^-    Large,  loves  to  adore  and  worship  God,  especially  through  his  works; 
^  treats  equals  with  respect,  and  superiors  with   deference:  p.  1  18.  c.  ti. 
V  ehy  Large,  is  eminent,  if  not  pre-eminent,  for  piety,  heart-felt  devo- 
lion,  religious  fervour,  seriousness,  love  of  divine  things,  &c. :    p.  149. 
C.  5.  12.  15.  16.  26.  41. 
/    Moderate,  disregards  religious  creeds,  forms  of  worship,  &c. ;  place* 
— ^    religion  in  other  things;  is  not  serious  nor  respectful:  p.  15'J.  c. 
"Small,  feels  little  religious  worship,  reverence,  respect,  &c. :  p.  150. 
Yi.iiv   Small,  seldom,  if  ever,  adores  God;  is  almost  incapable  of  it. 
!  9.  13.  BENEVOLENCE.  Desire  to  see  and  make  sentient  beings  h 
willingness  to  sacrif.ee  for  this  end;  kindness;  sympathy  for  disii 
Average,  has  kind,  fellow  feeling,  without  much  active  benevolence. 
Full,  has  a  fair  share  of  sympathetick  feeling,  and  some,  though  no 
^reat,  willingness  to  sacrifice  for  others:  p.  158. 

Lari.e,  is  kind,  obliging,  glad  to  serve  others,  even  to  his  injury ;  feels 
L        .ively  sympathy  for  distress  ;  does  good  to  all :  p.  155.  c.  6.  7.  18.  21. 
/    Vkht  Large,  does  all  the  good  in  his  power ;  gladly  sacrifices  self  upon 
/     the  altar  of  pure  benevolence  ;   scatters  happiness  wherever  he  goes ;  u 
one  of  the  kindest-hearted  of  persons :  p.  157.  c.  5.         11.  40.  41. 
Moderate,  has  some  benevolent  feeling,  yet  too  little  to  prompt  to  much 
self-denial ;  does  good  only  when  he  can  without  cost :  p.  158.  c.  12.  2!». 
Small,  feels  little  kindness  cr  sympathy ;  is  almost  deaf  to  the  cries  of 
distress;  hard-hearted,  selfish,  &c. :  p.  159.  c.  8.  14.  15.  26.  42. 
Vert  Small,  is  destitute  of  all  humanity  and  sympathy :  p.  159.  c.  24. 
SPECIES  III.    Semi-Intellectual  Sentiments.     By  creating  a  taste 
for  the  arts,  improvements, polite  literature,  the  refinements  and  elegancies 
of  life,  &c,  these  faculties  greatly  augment  human  happiness,  and  adorn 
and  elevate  human  nature  :  p.  48.  159.  c.  2.     Large  in  c.  6.  11.  18. 
Z0.  9.  CONSTRUCTIVENESS.  Mechanical  dexterity  and  ingenuity  . 
desire  and  ability  to  use  tools,  build,  invent,  employ  machinery,  $c. 
Average,  has  some,  yet  no  great,  relish  for,  and  tact  in,  using  tools. 
.  Full,  has  fair  mechanical  ingenuity,  yet  no  great  natural  talent  or  deiuro 
/    to  make  things;  with  practice,  will  do  well ;  without  it,  little  :  p.  163. 
'/  ^Large,  shows  great  natural  dexterity  in  using  tools,  executing  mecba 
nical  operations,  working  machinery,  &c ;  loves  them:  p.  161.  c.  18. 
2 


C\ 


v, 


14  BTJJOFSIS    OF    l'UHEXOLOCI, 

Very  Large,  is  a  mechanick  of  the  first  order ;  a  true  genius  /  love*  it 
too  well  to  leave  it ;  shows  extraordinary  skill  in  it :  p.  162.  c.  7.  19. 
Moderate,  with  much  practice,  may  use  tools  quite  well,  yet  dislikes 
mechanical  operations;    owes  more  to  art  than  nature  :  p.  163.  c.  14. 
Small,  hates  and  is  awkward  and  bungling  in  using  tools,  &c. :  p.  163. 
Vehy  Small,  has  no  mechanical  skill  or  desire  :  p.  164. 

21.  19.  IDEALITY. — Imagination  ,■  taste  ,•  fancy ;   love  of  perfection, 
poetry,  polite  literature,  oratory,  the  beautiful  in  nature  and  art,  <$-c. 

Average,  has  some  taste,  though  not  enough  to  influence  him  much. 

~  s  f  Full,  has  refinement  of  feeling,  expression,  &c.,  without  sickly  delicacy ; 

^   6ome  love  of  poetry,  yet  not  ;t  vivid  imagination  :  p.  168.  c.  6.  7.  42. 
Large,  has  a  lively  imagination  ;  great  love  of  poetry,  eloquence,  fiction, 
good  style,  the  beauties  of  nature  and  art :  p.  166.  c.  1 1.  18.  41. 
Very  Large,  often  gives  reins  to  his  erratick  imagination  ;  experiences 
revellings  of  fancy,  ecstasy,  rapture  of  feeling,  enthusiasm  :  p.  167.  c.  40. 
Moderate,  has  some,  but  not  much,  imagination  ;  is  rather  plain  in 
expression,  manners, feeling,  &c. ;  dislikes  poetry,  finery,  &c. :  p.  1C^.  1  i. 
Small,  lacks  tast-j,  niceness,  refinement,  delicacy  of  feeling,  &c. :  p.  169. 
Very  Small,  is  destitute  of  the  qualities  ascribed  to  this  faculty  :  p.  169. 
B.  SUBLIMITY. — Conception  of  grandeur  ,■  sublime  emotions  excited 
by  contemplating  the  vast,  magnificent,  or  splendid  in  nature  or  art. 
Average,  sometimes,  but  not  to  a  great  degree,  experiences  this  feeling. 
/    Full,  enjoys  magnificent  scenes  well,  yet  not  remarkably  so. 
J'iLarge,  admires  and  enjoys  mountain  scenery,  thunder,  lightning,  tem- 
pest, a  vast  prospect,  &c,  exceedingly  ;  hence,  enjoys  travelling  :  p.  249. 
Very  Large,  is  a  passionate  admirer  of  the  wild  and  romantick;  feels 
the  sublimest  emotions  whilst  contemplating  the  grand  or  awful  in  na- 
ture ;  dashing,  foaming,  roaring  cataracts,  towering  mountains,  peals  of 
thunder,  flashes  of  lightning,  commotions  of  the  elements,  the  starry 
canopy  of  heaven,  &c. :  p.  249.  c.  11.  40.  41. 

Moderate,  has  some,  though  not  at  all  vivid,  emotions  of  this  kind. 
Small,  or  very  Small,  discovers  little  in  nature  to  awaken  this  feeling. 

22.  21.  IMITATION. — Disposition  and  ability  to  take  pattern,  imitate. 
Average,  copies  some,  yet  too  little  to  deserve  or  excite  notice. 

/  Full,  with  effort,  copies  some,  but  not  well ;  cannot  mimick:  p.  171. 
/    Large,  has  a  great  propensity  and  ability  to  copy,  take  pattern  from 
if   others,  do  what  he  sees  done,  &c. ;  needs  but  one  showing ;  gesticulates 
much  ;  describes  and  acts  out  well :  p.  170.  c.  41. 
yp-KY  Large,  can  mimick,  act  out,  and  copy  almost  any  thing;  de- 
scribe, relate  anecdotes,  &c,  to  the  very  life ;  has  a  theatrical  taste  and 
talent;  seldom  speaks  without  gesturing:  p.  171.  c.  11.  40. 
*L  Moderate,  cannot  mimick  at  all ;  can  copy,  draw,  take  pattern,  &c, 
^    only  with  difficulty  ;  describes,  relates  anecdote,  &c,  poorly  :  p.  171. 
.Small,  dislikes  and  fails  to  copy,  draw,  do  after  others,  &c. :  p.  172. 
Very  Small,  has  little  ability  to  imitate  or  copy  any  thing:  p.  172. 

23.  00.  MIRTHFULNESS.— Intuitive  perception  of  the  absurd  and 
ridiculous ;  a  joking,  fun-making,  ridiculing  disposition  and  ability. 
Average,  perceives  jokes,  and  relishes  fun,  but  cannot  make  much. 

s    Ftjll,  has  much  mirthful  feeling  ;  makes  and  relishes  jokes  well :  p.  175. 
(j^Large,  has  a  quick,  keen  perception  of  the  ludicrous  ;  makes  a  great 
amount  of  fun  ;  too  much  for  his  own  good ;  is  quick  at  repartee  ;  smiles 
often  ;  laughs  heartily  at  jokes:  p.  173.  c.  11.  18. 


WITH    REFERENCES    TO    "  I-HRENOLOGY    PROVED,"    &C.  15 

Vert  Large,  is  quick  and  apt  at  turning  every  thing  into  ridicule  ; 
throws  off  constant  sallies  of  wit ;  is  too  facetious,  jocose,  &c. :  p.  175.  c  6 
Moderate,  has  some  witty  ideas,  yet  lacks  quickness  in  conceiving, 
and  tact  in  expressing  them;  is  generally  quite  sober :  p.  176.  c.  26. 
Small,  makes  little  fun ;  is  slow  to  perceive,  and  still  slower  to  turn 
jokes;  seldom  laughs;  thinks  it  wrong  to  do  so:  p.  177. 
Vert  Small,  has  few  if  any  witty  ideas  or  conceptions :  p.  177. 

GENUS  III.  Intellectual  Faculties.  These  have  to  do  with  the 
physical  and  the  metaphysical  world  ;  with  things  in  general,  and  their 
Qualities,  relations,  &c. ;  with  the  world  and  its  contents :  p.  49. 177.  c.  2. 
X~)Average  or  Full,  has  sufficient  intellect  to  get  along  in  the  world, 
Is  yet  not  enough  to  render  him  eminent  for  talents  :  c.  10.  15.  21.  27. 
Large,  is  possessed  of  sufficient  natural  talent  and  power  of  intellect 
to  enable  him  to  take  a  high  intellectual  stand  among  men,  yet  their 
direction  depends  upon  other  causes  :  c.  18. 

Vert  Large,  is  by  nature  a  truly  great  man ;  possesses  the  highest 
order  of  natural  talents  ;  is  capable  of  rising  to  pre-eminence  :  c.  5.  6. 
7.  11.40.  41. 
Moderate  or  Small,  shows  little  talent ;  lacks  sense  :  c.  8.  14.  20.  42. 

SPECIES  I.     The  Senses  ,  sensation,  sight,  hearing,  taste,  smell.  178. 

SPECIES  II. — Observing  and  Knowing  Faculties.  These  bring 
man  into  direct  intercourse  with  the  physical  world  ;  observe  facts  of 
all  kinds,  that  is,  the  conditions,  qualities,  phenomena,  and  physical 
relations  of  material  things  ;  collect  and  treasure  up  information  ;  create 
the  desire  to  see  and  know  things,  &c. :  p.  50.  183.  c.  2. 
y  Average  or  Full,  possesses  fair  perceptive  powers  :  c.  6.  10.  11.  21. 
ff  Large,  with  advantages,  knows  a  great  deal  about  matters  and  things 
in  general ;  is  very  quick  of  observation  and  perception  ;  has  a  practical, 
matter-of-fact,  common  sense  tact  and  talent ;  can  show  off  to  excellent 
advantage  ;  appear  to  know  all  that  he  really  does,  and  perhaps  more  ; 
is  capable  of  becoming  an  excellent  scholar,  or  of  acquiring  and  retaining 
knowledge  with  great  facility,  and  attending  to  the  details  of  business ; 
and  has  a  decidedly  practical  intellect:  p.  50.  c.  15. 16.  17. 18. 19.  25. 
Vert  Large,  is  pre-eminent  for  the  qualities  just  described  ;  seizes  as 
if  by  intuition  upon  the  properties,  conditions,  fitness  or  unfitness,  value, 
&c,  of  things ;  has  wonderful  powers  of  observation  and  ability  to 
acquire  knowledge ;  has  a  natural  taste  and  talent  for  examining  and 
collecting  statistics,  studying  natural  science,  &c. :  p.  53.  c.  5.  7.  12.  40. 
Moderate  or  Small,  is  rather  slow  of  observation  and  perception ; 
cannot  show  to  be  what  he  is ;  acquires  knowledge  with  difficulty ; 
is  slow  in  learning  and  doing  things  off-hand,  &c. :  p.  53. 

24.  22.  Individuality. —  Observing  and  individualizing  power  and, 
desire  ,■  curiosity  to  see  and  know  ;  disposition  to  specify,  personify . 
Average,  has  some,  yet  no  great,  curiosity,  and  desire  to  see  things. 

/  Full,  has  fair  observing  powers,  and  desire  to  see  things :  p.  185.  c.  6.  21. 
/)  .Large,  has  a  great  desire  to  know,  investigate,  examine,  experience 
&c. ;  is  a  great  observer  of  men  and  things  ;  quick  of  perception  ;  sees 
what  is  transpiring,  what  should  be  done,  &c:  p.  184.  c.  8.  10.  11. 14.  25 
Vert  Large,  has  an  insatiable  desire  to  see  and  know  every  thing  ; 
extraordinary  observing  powers ;  is  eager  to  witness  every  passing 
event:  p.  185.  c.  5.  7.  12.  13.  15.  22.  23.  40.  41.  42. 


t 


J6  SV'XOPSIS    OF    PHRKNOLOGT, 

Moderate,  is  rather  deficient,  yet  not  palpably  so,  in  observing  powe? 
and  desire  ;  not  sufficiently  specifiek  :  p.  1 S5. 
Small,  is  slow  to  see  things  ;  attends  little  to  particulars  :  p.  186. 
Very  Small,  sees  scarcely  any  thing;  regards  things  in  the  gross :  p.  186. 

25.  23    FORM. —  Cognizance  and  recollection  of  shape,  or  configuration 
Average,  recollects  forms,  faces,  &c,  quite  well,  but  not  very  well. 

x  Full,  recognises  persons,  countenances,  &c,  well :  p.  188.  c.  9.  19. 
r.   Large,  notices,  and  for  a  long  time  remembers,  the  faces,  countenances, 
forms,  looks,  &c,  of  persons,  beasts,  things,  <Stc.,  once  seen  ;  knows  by 
sight  many  whom  ho  may  be  unable  to  name :  p.- 187.  c.  6.  18.  40.  26. 
Vert  Large,  never  forgets  the  countenance,  form,  &c,  of  persons  and 
things  seen ;  easily  learns  to  read  and  spell  correctly;  reads  and  sees  things 
at  a  great  distance;  has  excellent  eyesight:  p.  188.  c.  5.  7.  13.  17.  23.  39. 
Moderate,  must  see  persons  several  times  before  he  can  recollect  them  ; 
sometimes  doubts  whether  he  has  seen  certain  persons  :  p.  189. 
Small  or  Vert  Small,  has  a  miserable  memory  of  persons,  looks,, 
shape,  &c. ;  fails  to  recognise  even  those  he  sees  often  :  p.  189. 

26.  SIZE. —  Cognizance  and  knowledge  of  relative  magnitude,  bulk,  <$r. 
Average,  measures  bulk  with  tolcnjble,  but  not  great,  accuracy :  c.  2 1.  27. 
Full,  can  measure  ordinary  and  familiar  distances  well,  yet  shows  no 
remarkable  natural  talent  in  it :  p.  191.  c.  6.  8.  9.  10.  14.  18. 
Large,  has  an  excellent  eye  for  measuring  proportion,  size,  height, 
angles,  perpendiculars,  &c. ;  quickly  detects  disproportions  in  them  : 
p.  190.  c.  11.  19.  25.  42.5. 

*"y<  Very  Large,  detects  disproportion,  and  judges  of  size,  with  wonderful 
/  accuracy,  by  intuition,  and  as  well  without  as  with  instruments  ;  cannot 
/      endure  inaccuracy  :  p.  191.  c.      7.  12.  13.  15.  16.  17.  40. 

Moderate,  is  rather  deficient  in  measuring  by  the  eye  ;  with  practice, 

may  do  tolerably  well  in  short,  but  fails  in  long,  distances :  p.  191. 

Small,  judges  of  relative  size,  <&c,  very  inaccurately  :  p.  191.  c.  28.  29. 

Vert  Small,  can  hardly  distinguish  mountains  from  molehills :  p.  192. 

27.  WEIGHT. — Intuitive  perception  and  application  of  the  principles 
of  specifiek  gravity,  projectile  forces,  momentum,  balancing,  resistance. 
Average,  balances  himself  tolerably  well  in  ordinary  cases,  yet  has  no 
great  natural  talent  in  this  respect:  c.  21.  27. 

Full,  keeps  his  centre  of  gravity  well,  but  ventures  little:  p.  194.     <\  . 
Large,  can  walk  on  a  high  or  narrow  place  ;  hold  a  steady  hand ;  throw    >N 
a  stone  or  ball,  and  shoot,  straight ;  ride  a  fractious  horse,  &c,  very 
well :  p.  193.  c.  16.  17.  25.  26.  40.  41. 

Vert  Large,  has  this  power  to  a  wonderful  extent :  p.  194.  c.  7.  1 3.  15. 

IModerate,  maintains  his  centre  of  gravity,  &e.,  rather  poorly  :  p.  194. 

lv ?  Small  or  Vert  Small,  is  unlike  one  with  weight  large  :  p.  195.  c.  20. 

28.  26.  COLOUR. — Perception  and  recollection  of  colours,  hues,  tints,  <fc. 
Average,  can  discern  and  recollect  colours,  yet  seldom  notices  them. 
Full,  with  practice,  compares  and  judges  of  colours  well;  without  it,  does 
not  excel:  p.  196.  c.  10.  11.  41. 

Large,  has  a  natural  taste  and  talent  for  comparing,  arranging,  mingling, 
applying,  and  recollecting  colours  ;  is  delighted  with  paintings:  p.  195. 
Vert  Large,  resembles  one  with  colour  large,  but  excels  him  :  p.  196. 
/l,  Moderate,  aided  by  practice,  can  discern  and  compare  colours,  yet  owes* 
W  less  to  nature  than  art ;  seldom  notices  colours  unless  obliged  to,  and 
then  soon  forgets  them  :  p.  197.  c.  20.  * 


WITH  references  to  "phrenology  proved,"  &c  17 

Small,  seldom  observes  the  colour  of  one's  hair,  eyes,  dress,  &c. ;  can- 
not describe  them  by  what  they  wear,  or  compare  colours  apart ;  hardly 
distinguishes  the  primary  colours  by  candlelight, much  less  shades:  p.  197. 
Vert  Small,  can  tell  white  from  black,  but  do  little  more:  p.  197.  c  19. 
*9.  28.  ORDER.  System,-  physical  arrangement ;  a  place  for  things. 
Average,  appreciates  order,  yet  not  enough  to  keep  it :  c.  9.  10.  27. 

6   Full,  likes  order ;  takes  much  pains  to  keep  things  arranged  :  p.  200. 
Large,  has  a  place  for  things,  and  things  in  their  places  ;  can  find,  even 

in  the  dark,  what  he  alone  uses  ;  is  systematick  ;  annoyed  by  disorder  : 

p.  199.  c.  6.  11.  15.  19.40.41. 

Very  Large,  is  very  precise  and  particular  to  have  every  little  thing  in 

its  place  ;  literally  tormented  by  disorder;  is  fastidious  :  p.  199.  c.  5.  7. 

Moderate,  likes,  but  does  not  keep  order  ;  allows  confusion  :  p.  201 

Small  or  Very  Small,  is  nearly  destitute  of  order  and  system  :  p.  201. 

dO.  29.  CALCULATION. — Intuitive  perception  of  the  relations  ofnum- 

I  hers  ;  ability  to  reckon  figures  in  the  head ;  numerical  computation. 

//Average,  by  practice  and  rules,  may  reckon  figures  quite  well :  c.  10. 

'Full,  aided  by  rules  and  practice,  may  excel  in  reckoning  figures,  and 

do  well  in  his  head,  but  not  without  them  :  p.  204.  c.  11.  27. 

Large,  can  add,  subtract,  divide,  &c,  in  his  head,  with  facility  and 

correctness  ;  become  a  rapid,  correct  accountant ;  delights  and  excels  in 

arithmetick:  p.  202.  c.  5.  13.  15.  19. 

Very  Large,  has  an  intuitive  faculty,  to  a  wonderful  extent,  of  reckoning 

even  complicated  sums  of  figures  in  his  head  ;  delights  in  it:  p.  203.  c.  7. 

Moderate,  does  sums  in  his  head  rather  slowly  and  inaccurately :  p.  204. 

Small,  is  dull  and  incorrect  in  adding,  dividing,  &c. ;  dislikes  it:  p.  205. 

Very  Small,  can  hardly  count,  much  less  go  farther  :  p.  205.  c.  2S.  29. 
31.  27.  LOCALITY.  Cognizance  and  recollection  of  relative  position,  looks 

and  geography  of places,  Sfc;  desire  to  travel,  see  the  world,  4"C-  p.  205. 

Average,  has  a  fair,  though  not  excellent,  recollection  of  places :  c.  27. 

Full,  remembers  places  well,  yet  is  liable  to  lose  himself  in  a  city  or 

forest ;  ordinarily  shows  no  deficiency ;  seldom  loses  himself:  p.  207.  c.  8. 

Large,  recollects  distinctly  the  looks  of  places,  where  he  saw  things, 

&c. ;  seldom  loses  himself,  even  in  the  dark ;  has  a  strong  desire  to 

;  travel,  see  places,  <fcc. :  p.  205.  c.  20.  25.  26. 
'Very  Large,  never  forgets  the  looks,  location,  or  geography  of  any 
place,  or  hardly  thing,  he  has  ever  seen  ;  is  even  passionately  fond  of 
travelling,  scenery,  geography,  &c. :  p.  206.  c.  5.  7.  12.  13.  16.  17. 40. 
Moderate,  recollects  places  rather  poorly ;  sometimes  gets  lost :  p.  207. 
Small  or  Very  Small,  has  little  geographical  or  local  knowledge  or 
recollection ;  seldom  observes  where  he  goes,  or  finds  his  way  back :  p.  208. 
SPECIES  III.  Semi-perceptive  Faculties.    These  have  to  do  with 
action  or  phenomena,  and  their  conditions,  and  deal  them  out  to  the 
reasoning  faculties  :  p.  50.  209.     Large  in  c  5.  7.  17;  small  in  6.  25. 
82.  30.  EVENTUALITY. — Recollection  of  actions,  phenomena,  occur- 
rences,  what  has  taken  place,  circumstantial  and  historical  facts ;  p.  209. 
Average,  has  neither  a  good  nor  bad  memory  of  occurrences,  &c.;  c.  8. 
Full,  recollects  leading  events,  and  interesting  particulars,  and  has  a 
s   good  memory  of  occurrences,  yet  forgets  less  important  details:  p.  212. 
^> ,  Large,  has  a  clear  and  retentive  memory  of  historical  facts,  general  news, 
L.        what  he  has  seen,  heard,  read,  &c,  even  in  detail:  p.  210.  c.  5. 10.  16. 
V  ^vVehy  Large,  never  forgets  any  occurrence,  even  though  it  is  trifling ; 
/  2* 


■*- 


18  STN0P3IS    OF    PHRENOLOGT, 

has  a  craving  thirut  for  information  and  experiment ;  literally  devour* 
books,  newspapers,  &e. ;  commands  an  astonishing  amount  of  informa- 
tion ;  p.  211.  c.  12.  13.  14.  20. 

Moderate,  recollects  generals,  not  details ;  is  rather  forgetful :  p.  2 12.  c.  6 
Small,  has  a  treacherous,  confused  memory  of  occurrences  :  p.  213. 
Vert  Small,  forgets  almost  every  thing,  generals  as  well  as  particulars. 

33.  31.  TIME. —  Cognizance  and  recollection  of  succession,  the  lapse  of 
time,  dales,  how  long  ago  things  occurred,  §c. :  p.  2 1 4.  f\ 
Average,  notices  and  remembers  dates,  times,  &c,  some,  but  not  welL 
Full,  recollects  about,  but  not  precisely,  when  things  occurred  :  p.  216. 
Large,  tells  dates,  appointments,  ages,  time  of  day,  &c,  well?  p.  215  -  ■  j 
Vert  Large,  remembers,  with  wonderful  accuracy,  the  time  of  occur 
rences  ;  is  always  punctual ;  tells  the  time,  day,  &c,  by  intuition :  p.  216. 

JiModerate,  has  rather  a  poor  idea  of  dates,  the  time  when,  &c.  :p.  216. 
Small,  can  seldom  tell  ivhen  things  took  place ;  forgets  dates :  p.  217. 
Vert  Small,  is  liable  to  forget  even  his  age,  much  more  other  things. 

34.  32.  TUNE. — Tone,-  sense  of  melody  and  musical  harmony  ,•  ability 
to  learn  tunes  and  detect  chord  and  discord  by  ear ,-  propensity  to  sing. 
Average,  likes  music  ;  with  practice  may  perform  tolerably  well. 
Full,  can  learn  tunes  by  ear  well,  yet  needs  help  from  notes :  p.  220. 
Large,  easily  catches  tunes,  and  learns  to  sing  and  play  on  instruments 
ny  rote ;  delights  greatly  in  singing ;  has  a  correct  musical  ear :  p.  218. 
Veut  Large,  leams  tunes  by  hearing  them  sung  once  or  twice ;  is 
literally  enchanted  by  good  musick;  shows  intuitive  skill,  and  spends 
much  time,  in  making  it ;  sings  from  the  heart,  and  with  melting  pathos : 
p.  219.  c.  12. 

Moderate,  aided  by  notes  and  practice,  may  sing,  yet  it  will  be  me  chin  '-> 
nically  ;  lacks  that  soul  and  feeling  which  reaches  the  heart :  p.  220. 
Small,  learns  to  sing  or  play  tunes  either  by  note  or  rote  with  great 
difficulty;  sings  mechanically,  and  without  emotion  or  effect:  p.  221. 
Vert  Small,  can  hardly  discern  one  tune  or  note  from  another  :  p.  221. 
85.  33.    LANGUAGE.      Power  of  expressing  ideas,  feelings,   c]-c,  by 
means  of  words,  attaching  meaning  to  signs,  8(C. ;  verbal  memory; 
desire  and  ability  to  talk:  p.  222. 

Average,  can  communicate  his  ideas  tolerably  well,  yet  finds  some 
difficulty  ;  uses  common  words  ;  can  write  better  than  speak. 
Full,  commands  a  fair  share  of  words,  yet  uses  familiar  expressions ; 
is  neither  fluent  nor  the  reverse ;  when  excited,  expresses  himself  freely, 
•-  yet  not  copiously  :  p.  22?'.  c.  6. 

(a  Large,  is  a  free,  easy,  ready,  fluent  talker  and  speaker  ;  uses  good  lan- 
guage ;  commits  easily  ;  seldom  hesitates  for  words  :  p.  224.  c.  5.  7.  20. 

^*t-Vert  Large,  has  by  nature  astonishing  command  of  words,  copious- 
/'ness  and  eloquence  of  expression,  and  verbal   memory;   quotes  with-" 

/  ease;  is  an  incessant  talker  ;  has  too  many  words  :  p.  226.  c.  11.40.41. 
Moderate,  often  hesitates  for  words  ;  employs  too  few  ;  may  torite  well, 
and  be  a  critical  linguist,  but  cannot  be  an  easy,  fluent  speaker :  p.  228 
Small,  employs  few  words,  and  those  common-place  ;  in  speaking, 
hesitates  much  ;  is  barren  in  expression  ;  commits  slowly :  p.  228.  , 

Vert  Small,  can  hardly  remember  or  use  words  at  all,  or  read :  p.  229. ,  ^ 
GENUS  IV.     Reflective    or   Reasoning  Intellect.     This   looks 
beyond  mere  physical  facts  and  natural  phenomena,  and  investigates 
their  causes,  abstract  relations,  analogies,  great  principles,  &c. ;  originates 


"WITH  REFERENCES  TO  "  PHHENOLOCT  PROVED,"  &C       19 

ideas ;  ascertains  and  applies  natural  laws;  contrives;  invents,  &c. ;  p.  229. 
Large  or  Very  Large,  with  perceptive  intellect  less,  gives  great  depth 
without  brilliancy  of  talent ;  shows  to  be  less  than  he  is  ;  holds  out  well. 

36.  35.  CAUSALITY. —  Cognizance  of  the  relations  of  cause  and  effect ; 
ability  to  apply  them,  or  to  adapt  means  to  ends  ,■  power  of  reasoning, 
drawing  inferences  from  premises,  discovering  first  principles,  <S(-c. 
Average,  has  some,  but  no  great,  ability  to  plan  and  reason  :  c. 

.  C^Full,  adapts  means  to  ends  well;  has  an  active  desire  to  ascertain 
causes,  yet  not  a  deep,  original,  cause-discovering  and  applying  mind  • 
f-  /  p.  236.  c. 
*(tf  'Large,  plans  well ;  can  think  clearly  and  closely  ;  is  always  inquiring 
into  the  why  and  the  wherefore — the  causes  and  explanation  of  things ; 
always  gives  and  requires  the  reason  ;  has  by  nature  excellent  judgment, 
good  ideas,  a  strong  mind,  &c. :  p.  233.  c.  5.  18.  19.  41. 
Very  Large,  is  endowed  with  a  deep,  strong,  original,  comprehensive 
mind,  powerful  reasoning  faculties,  great  vigour  and  energy  of  thought, 
first-rate  judgment,,  and  a  gigantick  intellect:  p.  236.  c.  6.  7.  11.40. 
Moderate,  is  rather  slow  of  comprehension ;  deficient  in  adapting  means 
to  ends;  has  not  good  ideas  or  judgment:  p.  237.  c.  8.  12.  13.  15.  1G. 
Small,  has  a  weak,  imbecile  mind  ;  cannot  contrive  or  think  :  p.  238. 
c.  14.  20.  25.  26. 
Vert  Small,  little  idea  of  causation  :  is  a  natural  fool :  p.  238.  c.  2S.  29 

37.  34.  COMPARISON.— Perception  of  analogies,  resemblances,  differ- 
ences ;  ability  to  compare,  illustrate,  criticise,  classify,  generalize,  Q-c. 
Average,  perceives  striking  analogies ;  illustrates  tolerably  well :  c.  8.  2 1. 

f  Full,  illustrates,  discriminates,  &c,  well,  but  not  remarkably  so  :  p.  243. 

L0  •  Large,  has  a  happy  talent  for  comparing,  illustrating,  criticising,  arguing 
from  similar  cases,  discriminating  between  what  is  and  is  not  analogous, 
or  in  point,  classifying  phenomena,  and  thereby  ascertaining  their  laws, 
&c. :  p.  241.  c.  7.  12.  13.  15.  18.  19. 

Very  Large,  is  endowed  with  an  extraordinary  amount  of  critical  acu- 
men; analytical,  comparing,  and  illustrating  power:  p.  243.  c.  5.  6.40.41. 
Moderate,  may  discern  obvious  similarities,  yet  overlooks  others :  p.  244. 
Small  or  Very  Small,  is  almost  destitute  of  this  power:  p.  244.  c.  28. 29. 
Having  made  numerous  observations  upon  the  following  organs,  and 
especially  upon  snavitiveness,  the  author  considers  them  as  highly  pro- 
bable, but  not  as  ascertained.  (See  pp.  248-9.)  He  therefore  places 
Uiem  before  the  tribunal  of  facts,  and  awaits  its  decision,  meanwhile 
summoning  the  phrenological  world  as  witnesses.  They  were  first 
pointed  out  by  L.  N.  Fowler,  brother  of  the  author. 
C.  SUAVITI VENESS.  Ability  to  render  one's  self  agreeable,-  pleasant- 
ness. ; 
/-— Average  or  Full,  neither  excels  nor  is  deficient  in  this  respect. 

^  Large  or  Very  Large,  readily  wins  confidence  and  affection,  even  of 
enemies ;  can  say  and  do  hard  things  without  creating  difficulty  ;  obtain 
favours ;  get  along  well ;  so  say  and  do  things  that  they  take :  p.  248. 
Moderate  or  Small,  is  deficient  in  the  power  just  described 

I'D.  This  faculty  is  as  yet  without  a  name.     One  with  this  organ 

\p  ,  Large  or  Very  Large,  perceives,  as  if  by  intuition,  the  character  ant! 
motives  of  men  from  their  physiognomy,  conversation,  &c. ;  is  suspicious, 
and  seldom  deceived  ;  naturally  understands  human  nature  :  p.  247.  40. 
Moderate  or  Small,  seldom  suspects  others;  is  easily  imposed  upon  ; 


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