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A STnoptical list of the acci-
pitres
QL
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F3S93
1919
PT.l
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BMED
PART I.-JULY, ]91'9. PRICE 41-
A
SYJN^OPTICAL LIST
OF THE
\ACCIP1TEES
■'•**.R£%i<ffa-?] (Diurnal Birds of Prey)
PART I.
(Sarcorhamphus to Accipiter)
Comprising Species and Subspecies described up to 1914, with
their Characters and Distribution
BY
H. KIRKE SWANN, F.Z.S.
LONDON :
JOHN WHELDON & CO.. 38. Great Queen Street,
KiNGSWAY, VV.C.2.
1919.
A
SYNOPTICAL LIST
OF THE
ACCIPITRES
(DIUENAL BIRDS OF PREY)
PART I.
Order CATHARTIDIFORMES.
Fam. I. CATHARTIDiE (Ncav World Vultures).
Nostrils perforated ; head, neck and forepart of breast bare ;
hind toe short and weak.
Gen. I. SARCORHAMPHUS Dum. (1806).
Size large, length 38 in. ; head with an erect
fleshy caruncle ; outer toe about equal to inner.
Plumage black, with a whitish wing patch.
L Sarcorhamphus gryphus gryphus (Linn.), Syst. Andes of
Nat., i., p. 86 (1758). S. America.
Great Condor.
Plumage brown [doubtfully distinct].
la. Sarcorhamphus gryphus equatorialis Sharpe, Ecuador.
Cat. Birds B.M., i., p. 21 (1874).
Brown Condor.
Gen. II. GYPAGUS Vieill. (1816).
Head with fleshy caruncle ; outer toe longer than
inner.
Plumage black and cream colour ; size
moderate, length 27 in.
2. Gypagus papa (Linn.); S.N., i., p. 86 (1758). S. America,
King Vulture. N. to Mexico.
Gen. III. CATHARISTA Vieill. (1816).
Head without caruncle; tail square.
Plumage black : larger : wing 17.50 ; tail 8.50;
tarsus 3.35 in.
3 Catharista urubu urubu* (Vieill.), Ois. d'Am., N. & Central
Sept., pi. xi. (1807). America,
Black Vultiu-e. Cuba,
Jamaica.
Smaller : wing 16.30 ; tail 8 ; tarsus 3.10 in.
3a. Catharista urubu fastens (Wied), Beitr. Naturg. S. America.
Bras.,iii., p. 58(1830).
S. American Black Vulture.
Gen. IV. CATHARTES Illiger (1811).
Tail rounded.
Plumage black : larger : length 30 ; wing 21.70 ;
tail 11.50 in. ; tarsus 2.90 in.
4, Cathartes aura aura (Linn.). S.N., i., p. 86
(1758).
S. American Turkey Vulture.
Smaller : length 27 ; wing 21 ; tail 10 ;
tarsus 2.35 in.
4a. Cathartes aura septentrionalis (Wied), J.f.O..
1856, p. 119.
N. American Turkey Vulture.
Median wing coverts and secondaries very
distinctly shaded with whitish ashy.
4b Cathartes aura falklandicus (Sharpe), Ann.
N.H., (4),xi.,p.l33(1873).
Falkland Island Turkey Vulture.
Tropical
S. America
from
Colombia to
Chile & Brazil.
N. America
(United
States) S. to
Honduras.
Falkland Is.,
Patagonia,
Chile.
Head yellow ; " shafts of quills and tail-
feathers brown above, white below ' [doubtful
form].
4c. Cathartes aura pemiger (Sharpe), Cat. Bds., Venezuela,
B.M.,i.,p.25(1874). Guiana,
Venezuelan Turkey Vulture. N. Brazil,
Peru.
* Catharles atratvs (Bartr.) of most authors.
Head orange ; shafts to primaries above and
below white*.
4d, Cathartes aura urubitinga Pelz., Sitz. Akad.
Wien, xliv., p. 7 (1861).
Yellow-necked Turkey Vulture.
Brazil N. to
Surinam,
Brit. Guiana,
Venezuela &
E. Mexico (?)
Gen. V. PSEUDOGRYPHUS Ridgw. (1874).
Head without caruncle ; tail square.
Size of Sarcorhamphus ; length 40 in. ; wing 30.
5. Pseudogryphus calif ornicus (Shaw & Nodder), S. California
Nat. Misc., ix., p. 1, pi. 301 (1797). to lower
Calif ornian Condor. California.
Order ACCIPTTRIFORMES.
Sub-Order I. SERPENT ARU.
Fam. I. SERPENTARIID^.
Both inner and outer toes connected with middle one by well-
developed basal web.
Gen. VI.
Head crested.
SERPENTARTUS Cuvier (1798).
Darker.
6. Serpentarius serpentarius serpentarius (Miller),
Var. Subj. Nat. Hist., pi. 28, (1785).
Secretarv Bird.
S. & E. Africa
N. to Ben
guela on W.
and Zambesi
on E.
Paler.
6a. Serpentarius serpentarius gamhiensis Ogilby, Senegambia
P.Z.S., 1835, p. 105. Sudan to
Northern Secretary Bird, Shoa.
Sub-Order II. ACCIPITRES.
Fam. I. VULTURIDiE (Old World Vultures).
Head and neck bare, or with short down only, no feathers ; nostrils
not perforated.
* Cory ("Bds. of Bahama,' p. 134, 1890) says shafts of C. aura septen-
trionalis are " yellowish externally " in winter plumage. I beUeve C. a
perniger and C. a. urubitinga to be identical ; both have the head yellow
and ranges intermingle.
Gen. VII. iEGYPIUS Savigny (1809).
Nostrils rounded.
Size large, length 42 in. ; plumage blackish
brown ; ruff of feathers round hind neck.
7. Mgyjpius monachus (Linn)., S.N., i., p. 122
(1766).
Cinereous Vulture
,S.E. Europe,
N.E. Africa,
C. Asia to
India &
China,
Gen. VIII. GYPS Savigny (1809).
Nostrils perpendicular, rather oval ; tail with 14 feathers
Size large, length 40 in. ; plumage stone-buff ;
neck ruff of white down ; head with white
down.
8. Gyjps fulvus fulvus (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 249
(1788).
Griffon Vulture.
Plumage paler and more isabelline reddish.
8a. Gyps fulvus fulvescens Hume, Ibis. 1869,
p. 356.
Indian Griffon.
Paler than G. fulvus fulvus, especialty below,
and shaft stripes nearly obsolete.
8b. Gyps fulvus kolbi (Daud.), Traite, ii., p. 15
(1800).
Kolbe's Griffon.
Plumage above isabelline whitish ; below light
buff with broader whitish shaft stripes.
9. Gyps himMayensis Hume, Rough Notes, i.,
p. 14 (1869).
Himalayan Griffon.
DowTi on head yellow ; plumage above blackish
brown with whitish edgings ; below creamy
buff; crop-patch dark brown.
10. Gi/ps meppelli rueppelli (Brehm), Naum.. 1852,
heft 3, p. 44.
Rueppell's Vulture.
S. Europe,
(ace. Britain),
N. Africa,
Arabia,
Palestine.
N.W. India,
Himalayas,
Afghanistan.
S. Africa,
N. to Zam-
besi and
Damaraland.
Turkestan,
Himalayas,
Thibet.
N.E. Africa,
Abyssinia,
N. Nigeria,
Senegambia.
Plumage above browner ; below wliitish.
10a. Gyps rueppelli erlangeri, Salvad., Bol. Mus. Abyssinia,
Torino, xxiii ., No. 576 (1908). Erythrsea,
Erlanger's Vulture. Somaliland.
Head bare ; ruff and upper parts dark brown
with fulvous central streaks ; rump white ;
below light brown with white streaks ; crop-
j)atch browr.
11. Gyps indicus indicus (Scop.)(*), Del. Faun, et India, Indo-
rior.Insubr.,ii.,p.85(1786). Chinese
Indian Long-billed Vulture. countries,
Malay
Peninsula.
Above pale earthy brown ; below whity brown ;
crop- patch dark brown ; ruff white (Hume).
11a. Gyps indicus pallescens Hume, Stray Feathers, N.W. India.
i., p. 150(1873).
Pallid Vulture
Gen. IX. GYMNOGYPS Less. (1831).
Tail of 12 feathers.
Size large, length 30 in. ; above and crop-
patch black ; ruff white, rather scanty ; rump
white ; below chocolate brown.
12. Gymnogyps bengahnsis {Gmel.),8.1ii.,i., ip. 245 India, Indo-
(1788). ' Chinese
Indian White-backed Vulture. countries,
Malay
Peninsula.
Above and crop-patch dark browTi ; below
pale brown, with yellowish-white shaft lines.
13. Gymnogyps africanus africanus (Salvad.), N.E. Africa,
Nat. Stor. R. Accad. Torin., 7th May, 1865, Khartoum to
p. 133. Abyssinia &
African White-backed Vulture. Upper White
Nile.
Plumage more greyish.
13a. Gymnogyps africanus schillingsi Erlanger, Orn. German
Mb., xi., p. 22 (1903). , E. Africa.
Paler.
13b, Gymnogyps africanus fuelleborni Erlanger (t.c.) Nyasaland
to Angola.
* Reichenow's Oyps cinnamomeous from Alatau (Orn. Mb., 1907,
pp. 30-31) appears to be arother subspecies [doubtful] of G. fulvtis.
6
Still paler.
13c. Gynmogyps africanus zechi Erlanger (t.c.)
Gen. X. JORGOS Kaup (1828).
Head with fleshy folds and a neck-lappet ; tarsus
longer than middle toe.
Above and crop-patch brown ; ruff of brown
feathers on hind neck ; below clothed with white
dowTi, with brown lanceolate feathers on breast
and abdomen.
14. Jorgos tracheliotus (Forst.) Levaillant, Reise
Afr., ii., p. 362, pi. 12 (1791).
Sociable Vulture.
Above and crop-patch black ; across breast
a circlet of white down ; below black ; ruff
small, black.
15. Otogyps calms (Scop.), Del. Faun. Insubr., ii.,
p. 85 (1786).
Pondicherrv Vulture.
Togoland.
S. Africa.
Egypt,
Abyssinia,
Upper White
Nile, cas. in
Europe.
Turkestan,
India, Burma,
Siam, Cam-
bodia.
Gen. XI. LOPHOGYPS Bp. (1854).
Head covered with down ; no neck-lappet.
Plumage blackish brown, rump paler ; ruff
dark brown ; crop-patch and under parts
white.
16. Lophogyps occipitalis (Burch.), Trav.,ii., p. 329 N.E. Africa
(1824). & S. Africa,
White-headed Vulture, Senegal on W.
Gen. XII. NEOPHRON Savigny (1808).
Forepart of chest bare.
Plumage white ; primaries black ; length 25
in. ; wing 19.2.
17. Neophron 2>ercnopterus percnoptervs (Linn.), S. Europe,
S.N., i., p. 87 (1758). Africa S. to
Egyptian Vulture. Mashonaland,
Mediterra-
nean Persic
sub-region to
N.W. India.
[Doubtfully distinct.]
17a. Neophron percnopterus nibripersonatus Zarudav
& Harms., Orn. Mb., x., pp. 52-3 (1902).
Smaller than typical form
wing 15.5.
17b. Neophron percnopterus ginginianus
Ind. Orn. i., p. 7 (1790).
Indian White Vulture.
length 21 in.
(Lath.),
Persian
Baluchistan.
Indian
Peninsula,
very rare
in Ceylon.
Gen. XIII. NECROSYRTES Gloger (1842).
With a fur-like chest-patch.
Plumage chocolate brown ; hind neck covered
with whitish doAvn ; crop-patch creamy
brown, encircled with white down. Length
24 in. ; wing 18.50.
18. Necrosyrtes monachvs monachus (Teinm.), PI. N.E. &
Col., i., pi. 222 (1823). E. Africa,
Northern Hooded Vulture. W. Africa.
Larger ; length 26 in. ; wing 20 in. ; with
shorter and stouter bill.
18a. Necrosyrtes monachus pileatus (Burch.), Trav.^
ii.,p. 105, (1824).
Hooded Vulture.
S. Africa.
Fam. II. FALCONIDM.
Crown of head always clothed with feathers, its sides either
feathered or bare ; outer toe not reversible.
Sub-Fam. I. POLYBORINjE.
Toes connected near base by interdigital mem-
brane ; sides of face mostly bare.
Gen. XIV. POLYBORUS Vieill. (1816).
Nostrils oval. Size large (22-26 in.).
Above and below blackish brown with narroAv
whitish bars ; tail whitish with a terminal
blackish band ; face, neck and breast white
with blackish bars.
19. Polyborus plancus (Mill.) Var. Subj. Nat. Hist., S. America,
PI. 17 (1778). Patagonia to
Common Caracara. 20'' S. lat. on
W, & Amazon
on E. side.
8
20.
Above black, mantle only with creanij^ buff
wavy bars ; upper tail-coverts white ; tail butl
with 13 or 14 black bars and a broad terminal
band.
Polyborns cheriivay (Jacq.), Beitr., p. 17, tab.
4 (1784).
Audubon's Caracara.
Paler insular race.
20a. Polyborus ckeriway pallidus Nelson, Pr. Biol.
Soc, Wash., xii., p. 8 (1898).
Tres Marias Caracara.
General plumage marked with transverse bars
of brownish black and brownish white ; crown,
wing-coverts, terminal portion of primaries
and terminal band on tail blackish bro-^n.
21. Polyborus lutosus Ridgw., Bull. U.S. Geol.
Surv.Terr.,i,p.459(1875).
Guadeloupe Caracara.
Gen. XV. IBYCTER Vieill. (1816).
Head generally with recurved crest.
Nostrils round. Size variable (16-25 in.).
Plumage black with greenish reflections ; a
white band across base of tail.
22. Ibycter ater (Vieill.), Analyse, p. 22 (1 816).
Yellow-throated Caracara.
Plumage black with greenish reflections, but
abdomen white ; face and throat deep red.
23. Ibycter americanus (Bodd.), Table PL Enl.,
p.'25 (1783).
Red-throated Caracara.
Plumage black with greenish reflections, but
upper tail coverts, base and tip of tail and
abdomen white.
24. Ibycter megalopteriis (Meven), Nov. Act. Caes.,
xvi., Suppl., i., p. 64, pi. 7 (1834).
Mountain Caracara.
S. United
States,
Central
America,
Northern
S. America.
Tres Marias
Is., W.
Mexico.
Guadeloupe
Is., W.
Mexico.
Amazon
District of
S. America.
Tropical S.
America and
Central
America,
from Brazil
to Guate-
mala.
S. America,
Pacific side
of Andes
Above brownish black ; upper tail-coverts,
base and tip of tail and entire under parts
white ; sides irregularly marked with black.
25. Ibycter albigulans (Gould), P.Z.S., 1837, p. 9. Patagonia.
White-throated Caracara.
Skin of face and throat wrinkled and orange
colour ; Plumage black ; rump, upper tail-
coverts, tips of quills, a broad terminal band
on tail, and vent white ; breast with drop-
shaped white marks.
26. Ibycter carunculatus (Des Murs), Rev. et Mag. Highlands of
Zool., 1853, p. 154. Ecuador and
Carunculated Caracara. Colombia.
Black ; rump, upper tail-coverts and base and
terminal band on tail white ; below white with
band of black across lower throat.
27. Ibycter circumcinctus Scott, Auk, xxvii., 1910, Patagonia,
p. 152. E. of Andes.
Scott's Caracara
Above and below black ; nape, outer upper
tail-coverts, throat and breast with lanceolate
white stripes ; tail broadly tipped with white.
28. Ibycter australis (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 259 (1788). Falkland Is.
Foster's Caracara.
Gen. XVI. MILVAGO Spix. (1824).
Feathers on back of head erectile, forming 2 tufts ;
size small (about 16 in.).
Above brown, with pale ashy margins ; head,
neck, basal two-thirds of tail, and under parts
white.
29. Milvago chimachima (Vieill.), N. Diet., v., p. Brazil and
259 (1816). Amazonia
Yellow-headed Caracara. to Guiana,
Colombia &
Panama.
Above rufous bro^vn ; head and neck with
black central streaks ; upper tail-coverts
white ; tail with broad subterminal dark band ;
below brownish ochre with dark shaft stripes.
30. Milvago chimango (Vieill.), N. Diet., v., p. 260 S. America
(1816). from S.E.
Chimango Caracara. Brazil to
Tierra del
Fuego.
10
Sub-Fam. II. ACCIPITRINJE.
Outer toe connected to middle one by an interdigital
membrane ; tibia and tarsus about equal in
length.
Gen. XVII. POLYBOROIDES Smith (1830).
Lores and, sides of face bare.
Plumage silvery grey, lower back and rump
and abdomen white, narrowly barred with
black ; quills and tail chiefly black, latter
with a broad median band of white. Length
23.50-27 in.
3L Polyborides radiatus (Scop.), Del. Faun, et Flor.
Insubr., ii., p. 85 (1786).
Madagascar Gymnogene.
General plumage dark grey ; breast and
abdomen broadly barred with black and
white ; tail black, tipped with white, with a
broad band of dull white and an indistinct
one nearer base.
32. Polyborides typicus Smith, S. Afr. Q. J., i.,
p. 107 (1830).
Banded Gymnogene.
Madagascar.
S. Africa,
W. Africa,
N.E. Africa
(Abyssinia &
White Nile).
Gen. XVIII. CIRCUS Lacep. (1806).
Sides of face feathered ; with distinct facial ruff ;
lores furnished with bristles ; nostrils oval with
no bony excrescence ; tarsus reticulated behind ;
size moderate ; length (males) 17-22.50 in. ;
females 19-24.50 in.
Key to Natural Groups and Species (Males).
A. Above bluish ashy, or greyish.
a. Thighs uniform white.
Throat and chest bluish ashy ; upper tail-
co verts white.
33. Circus cyaneus cyaneus (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 126
(1766).
Hen Harrier.
Europe and
Siberia, N.E.
Africa, India,
China, Japan
(winter).
11
More brownish ashy above and below.
33a. Circus cijaneus hudsonius (Linn.), S.N.
p. 128 (1766).
Marsh Hawk.
N. America,
Central
America &
W. Indies
(winter).
Adult plumage unknown.
34. Circus macroscelis A. Newton, P.Z.S., 1863, Madagascar,
p. 180.
Madagascar Harrier.
Throat and chest white ; upper tail-coverts
white, banded with ashy grey.
35. Circus macrurus (S. G. Gmel.), N. Comm.
Petrop., XV., p. 439, pis. viii., ix. (1771).
Pallid Harrier.
b. Thighs white, with rufous streaks or spots.
Throat and chest pale bluish grey ; upper
tail-coverts white, tipped with deep ash colour.
36. Circus pygargus pygargus (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 89
(1758).
Montagu's Harrier.
Europe ;
Africa,
India,
Burma, China
in winter.
Europe ;
Palestine,
Africa,
India, China
in winter.
[Doubtfully distinct.]
36a. Circus pygargus abdullce Floericke, Om. Mb., Caucasus,
iv., p. 155 (1896).
c. Thighs white, barred across with orange
rufous.
Throat and chest white, barred with orange
tawny ; upper tail- coverts white.
7. Circus cinereus Vieill., N. Diet., iv., p. 434
(1816).
Cinereous Harrier.
d. Thighs rufous, either uniform or spotted and
margined with white.
Tropical and
temperate
S. America,
migrating to
Straits of
Magellan &
Falkland Is.
12
Throat and chest rufous with white spots ;
upper tail-coverts ashy brown, tipped and
spotted with white.
38, Circus assimilis assimilis Jard. and Selb., 111. E. Australia.
Orn., Ser. i., pi. 51 (1828). Tasmania,
Spotted Harrier. Celebes.
[Doubtful form.] Said to be smaller and
darker.
38a. Circus assimilis rogersi Math., Nov. ZooL, N.W.
xviii., p. 244 (1912). Australia.
Lesser Spotted Harrier.
B. Above brown.
a. Thighs white, with rufous streaks or spots.
Throat and chest white streaked with pale
rufous brown ; upper tail-coverts white,
slightly spotted with pale rufous.
39. Circus approximans approximans Peale, U.S. Fiji Islands.
Explor. Exped., viii., p. 64 (1848).
Fijian Harrier.
Larger.
39a. Circus approximans gouldi (Bp.), Consp., i., S. & E.
p. 34 (1850). Australia,
Allied Harrier. Tasmania.
Smaller.
SQh. Circus approximans inexpectatus Math., Nov. N.W. & N.
Zool., xviii., p. 245 (1912). Australia.
Little Allied Harrier.
Smaller and darker than C. a. gouldi.
39c. Circus approximans drummondi Math,
dale, Ibis, 1913, p. 419.
New Zealand Harrier.
Ire- New Zealand.
b. Thighs rufous, the feathers margined with
white.
Throat and chest brown, the feathers mar-
gined with white ; abdomen rufous ; upper
tail-coverts orange rufous, tipped with white.
40. Circus ranivorus (Daud.), Traite, ii., p. 170
(1800).
S African Marsh Harrier,
S. Africa
below 10° S.
lat.
13
Throat and chest creamy buff, the latter
streaked with brown ; upper tail-coverts white.
41. Circus ceruginosus ceruginosus (Linn.), S.N., i.,
p. 91 (1758).
Marsh Harrier.
Europe, rare
in Siberia, but
in winter to
India, China,
Japan and
Philippines,
also Africa.
N. Africa.
Much brighter coloration, more black and
white : (Slighter).
41a. Circus ceruginosus harterti, Zedl., J.f.O., 1914,
p. 133.
Hartert's Harrier.
C. Above black or blackish.
a. Thighs white.
Throat and chest white, streaked with black ;
upper and under tail -coverts white.
42. Circus maillardi Verr. in MailL, I'lle de la Reunion Is.,
Reun., ii., p. 12 (1863). Comoro Is.
Maillard's Harrier.
Markings on throat and chest browner and
broader ; under tail-coverts also streaked.
43. Circiis wolfi Gurney, P.Z.S., 1865, p. 823, pi.. New Cali-
xliv. fornia, New
Wolf's Harrier. Hebrides.
Throat and chest white, streaked with black ;
upper tail-coverts white with remains of ashy
brown bars.
44. Circus spilonotus Kaup, Contr. Orn., 1850,
p. 59.
Eastern Marsh Harrier.
The same, but with distinct transverse spots
of dusky cinereous on upper tail-coverts.
45. Circus spilothorax Salvad. and d'Alb., Ann.
Mus. Civ. Genov., vii., p. 807 (1875).
New Guinea Harrier
E. Siberia,
in winter to
E. China,
Indo-Burman
countries,
Malay
Archipelago,
S.E. New
Guinea.
14
Throat and chest black ; upper tail-coverts
barred with black.
46. Circus melanoleucus (Forst.), Indisch. Zool.,
p. 12, pi. xi. (1781).
Pied Harrier.
E. Siberia,
Mongolia, E.
and S. India,
Burma, Malay
Pen., Borneo,
Philippines
(winter).
Throat and chest black ; upper tail-coverts
white with remains of rufous bars.
47. Circus buffoni (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 277 (1788).
Long-winged Harrier.
48
E. side of
S. America,
from Magel-
lan Str. to
Brit. Guiana
and Vene-
zuela,
Trinidad.
b. Thighs black.
Throat and chest brownish black ; upper tail-
coverts white, the lower ones spotted with
black.
Circus maurus (Temm.), PI. Col., i., pi. 461 S. Africa.
(1828). ,
Black Harrier.
Females (usually much different from males).
. Above brown.
a. Thighs white.
Below white, striped with dark brown ; upper
tail-coverts white, barred with dark brown.
b. Thighs white, with streaks or spots of rufous
or brown.
Below tawny buff, streaked with brown ;
upper tail-coverts white.
Below nearly white, streaked with brown.
Below creamy buff, with pointed spots of
rufous brown ; upper tail -coverts white.
Below buffy white, with rufous centres to the
feathers ; upper tail-coverts white.
Below creamy white, with streaks of brown ;
upper tail-coverts white, barred with dark
brown.
C. melano-
leucus.
C. cyaneus.
C. hudsonius.
C. spilonotus.
C. pygargus.
C. macrurus
15
Thighs white, barred with orange tawny.
Breast brown with white spots, rest of under C. cinereus.
parts barred with orange tawny and white ;
upper tail-coverts white, barred with reddish.
Thighs rufous.
Below dark brown, with a white band, marked C. cerugi-
with brown, across breast ; upper tail-coverts nosus.
white, tinged with grey and rufous.
Below brown, streaked with white ; upper tail- C. ranivorus.
coverts rufous, tipped with white.
Gen. XIX. MICRASTUR Gray (1841).
Nostrils round, with a bony excrescence ; tarsus
reticulated behind.
Size large, length 20 in., wing 10.4 ; above
blackish ; tail with 3 white bands ; below
pale ochraceous fawn, as well as sides of face
and nuchal collar.
49. Micrastur brachypterus (Temm.), PI. Col., pis.
116 (juv.), 141 (ad.), (1822).
Collared Harrier-Hawk
Size medium, length ($) 17.5 ; wing 9.8 ;
above slate ; tail with 3 bands of ashy brown ;
below whitish ; no nuchal collar.
50. Micrastur mirandollei (Schl.), Nederl. Tijdschr.,
i., p. 131(1863).
Mirandolle's Harrier-Hawk.
Size small, length (.^) 13 in, ; wing 6.9. Above
slate ; tail with 3 greyish white bands ;
below greyish white, barred with greyish
black ; throat white, fore-neck rufous.
51. Micrastur ruficollis ruficollis (Vieill.), N Diet.,
X., p. 322 (1817).
Red-necked Harrier-Hawk .
From S.
Mexico
through
Central
Amer. and
Colombia to
Brazil and
Paraguay.
Upper E.
Peru, Guiana
Panama.
E. South
America,
Venezuela,
Guiana,
Central
Brazil,
Paraguay.
16
Above chocolate brown ; tail blackish, with
3 narrow white bands ; below thickly barred
with black and white ; throat brown.
51a. Micrastur ruficollis zonothorax (Cab.), J.f.O., Colombia,
1865, p. 406. Venezuela
Barred Harrier-Hawk.
Above (male) ashy brown (female blackish) ;
tail blackish with 4 irregular white bands ;
below whitish; breast finely barred with wavy
blackish lines ; lower abdomen white.
Micrastur gilvicollis (VieilL), N. Diet., x., p.
323 (1817).
White -throated Harrier-Hawk.
52.
53.
Above blackish ; tail with 3 irregular white
bands ; throat and cheeks pale grey ; below
dull white, closely barred on breast and less so
on abdomen with blackish.
Micrastur guerilla guerilla, Cass.,Pr. Phil. Acad.,
1848, p. 87.
Grey- throated Harrier-Hawk.
S. America
from
Colombia &
Amazonia to
E. Peru and
to 20° S. lat.
in Brazil.
Mexico,
Guatemala,
Honduras.
Above greyer ; chest suffused with rufescent
buff.
53a. Micrastur guerilla jugularis Gurney, List Brazil,
Diurnal Bds. Prey, pp. 25, 117 (1884). Venezuela,
Rufous-chested Harrier-Hawk. Colombia.
Slightly larger than M. g. guerilla ; less pure
white below, and dusky bars broader and
heavier, especially on belly, thighs and under
tail-coverts.
53b. Micrastur guerilla interstes Bangs, Auk, 1907, Costa Rica to
p_ 289. Colombia and
Bangs's Harrier-Hawk. Ecuador.
Gen. XX GERANOSPIZIAS Sundev. (1873).
Tarsus scaled bemna ; thighs without over-
hanging tuft of feathers ; ridge of bill greater
than half length of middle toe (without claw) ;
commissure slightly festooned.
Size moderate (length 16.5-24.5 in.).
17
Plumage slaty blue, with little trace of white
cross bars except on thighs and under wing-
co verts ; tail ochraceous, with 2 broad black
bands.
54. Geranospizias ccerulescens ccerulescens (Vie ill.);
N. Diet., X., p. 318 (1817).
Grey Crane -Hawk.
Under pa.rts barred with whitish.
54a. Geranospizias ccerulescens gracilis (Temm.), PI.
Col, i., pi. 91 (1824).
Wood Hawk.
Like G. c. ccerulescens, except that general
plumage is slaty black.
54b. Geranospizias ccerulescens niger (Du Bus), Biill.
Ac. Roy. Brux., xiv., p. 103 (1847).
Black Hawk.
Venezuela,
Guiana,
W. Brazil,
Peru, Bolivia
Argentina.
Brazil,
Paraguay.
Central
America from
S. Mexico to
Panama.
Gen. XXI. UROTRIORCHIS Sharpe (1874).
Tail (13 in.) longer than wing (12 in.), very strongly
graduated ; stee large (length 24 in.).
Above blue grey, lighter on head and nape ;
upper tail-coverts pure white ; tail very long,
black above, greyish below, irregularly banded
and tipped with white ; below leaden grey.
55. Urotriorchis macrurus (Hartl.), J.f .0., 1855, W. Africa,
p. 353. Gold Coast
W. African Grey Hawk. to Gaboon.
Gen. XXII. PARABUTEO Rldgw. (1874).
Nostrils with bony tubercle near upper margin ;
thighs with overhanging tuft of feathers ; tarsus
scaled almost right across and feathered further
down than length of middle toe.
Size large (length about 23 in. ; wing about 12-14 in.).
General colour blackish brown, variegated by
lighter spotting ; lesser wing-coverts and
thighs rufous ; tip and base of tail and also
tail-coverts white.
56. Parabuteo unicinctus unicinctus (Temm.), PI. S. America,
Col . , pi . 3 1 3 ( 1 824) . northward
One-banded Buzzard-Hawk from Chile
on W. and
Buenos Ayres
on E.
18
General colour sooty black, tinged with chest-
nut on rump. (Female more brownish.)
56a. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi (Audub.), B. Am.,
pi. cccxcii., 1831 ; Orn. Biog., v., p. 30.
Harris's Buzzard-Hawk.
Central and
N. America
from Panama
to Southern
U.S.
Gen. XXIII. MELIERAX Gray (1840).
Tarsus scaled in front, reticulated on outer aspect,
not feathered so far down as length of middle
toe.
Size large (length 21 in. ; wing 14.8) ;
general plumage bluish ash; quills black;
wing-coverts, secondaries, upper tail -co verts
and base of tail whitish freckled with
grey ; outer tail-feathers white, barred with
black ; belly white, narrowly barred with
blackish.
57. Melierax canorus canorus (Rislach), in Thunb., S. Africa
Diss. Ac, iii., p. 264 (1799). below
Chanting Goshawk. 15°S.lat.
Size similar ; tail-coverts white, with numerous
bars of slaty grey ; tail blackish, with 4 white
bands, the middle feathers unbarred ; below
white, minutely barred with ashy grey.
57a. Melierax canorus metabates, Heugl., Ibis, 1861, N.E. Africa,
p. 72. Sudan to
Many- banded Hawk. Mogador,
{= M.'polyzonusoia.Vithor&.'l W. Arabia.
Much lighter form .
57b. Melierax canorus neumanni, Hart., Vog. Pal. Nubia to
Fauna, ii., p. 1165 (1914). Sudan &
Neumann's Goshawk. Hausaland.
Rather smaller ; above darker slate ; throat,
chest and wings, light grey ; below white, with
narrow blackish bars ; tail black, tip and upper
tail-coverts white.
57c. Melierax canorus poliopterus Cab., inDecken's
Reise, iii., Vog., p. 40 (1869).
E. African Groshawk.
E. Africa,
Somaliland to
Kilimanjaro.
19
Much darker below than M. c. metabates, which
has white bars rather broader than dark bars,
reverse being case in this species.
58. Melierax mechowi Cab., J.f .0., 1882, p. 229.
Angola Goshawk.
Size small (length 11.5-13.6; wing 7.1-8.3);
above and throat ashy grey ; rump blackish,
upper tail-coverts white , quills and tail brown
banded with black ; below white barred with
ashy grey.
59. Melierax gabar (Daud.), Traite, ii., p. 89
(1800).
Red-faced Goshawk.
Angola,
Damara-
land to
Mashonaland,
Nyasaland.
S. Africa,
E.&N.E.
Africa.
Size similar ; plumage black ; quills and tail
banded as in M. gabar. Feet cinnabar red
(orange in last-named). [Disputed species.]
5L*a. Melierax niger (Vieill.), Enc. Meth,, iii., p. 1269
(1823).
African Black Goshawk.
S. and E
Africa.
Gen. XXIV. ASTUR Lacep. (1801).
Bill short, cutting edge of upper mandible with a
festoon ; nostrils oval, with no bony tubercle ; toes
moderate, middle one somewhat longest, outer and
inner nearly equal.
Key to Natural Groups and Species (Adults).
A. With conspicuous line of white on each side of
crown, from above hinder ear-coverts ; crown
blackish ; above ashy brown ; below white
barred with greyish brown ; tail with 4 dark
bands ; length, ^, 19-20.5 ; 2, 23-24 in.
60. Astur gentilis gentilis, Linn, S.N., i., p. 89
(1758).
Common Goshawk.
Europe and
Siberia ; in
winter to N.
Africa and
Himalayas.
Smaller and darker race.
60a. Astur gentilis arrigonii Kleinsch.
xi., pp. 152-3 (1903).
Sardinian Goshawk.
On. Mb., Sardinia.
20
Less brownish, purer grey
60b. Astur gentilis sdivedowi Menz.,
Eur. Russia, p. 439 (1882).
Siberian Goshawk.
Orn. Geogr.
" White " race.
60c. Astur gentilis candidissimus Dyb., Bull. Soc.
Zool. France, viii., p. 353 (1883).
Kamtschatka Goshawk.
Above bluish ash, with blackish shaft stripes ;
crown deeper black ; below closely freckled
or vermiculated, instead of barred ; tail bands
indistinct.*
61. Astur atricapillus (Wils.), Am. Orn., vi., pi. 52,
fig. 3 (1812).
American Goshawk
Markings of lower parts fine and delicate and
so dense as to present a nearly uniform appear-
ance ; tail bands obsolete.
61a. Astur atricapillus striatulus Ridgw., Hist. N.
Am. Birds, iii., p. 240 (1874).
Western Goshawk.
Above sepia brown ; head, neck and upper
mantle blackish slate ; nape varied with white ;
tail with 6 irregular darker bands ; below
white, thickly and broadly barred with
blackish.
Astur hensti Schl., Mus. P.B. Revue Accipitr.,
p. 62 (1873).
Henst's Goshawk.
62.
B.
Sides of crown uniform with crown itself ; no
distinct red nape band ; maximum length
20 in. (?)
N, Asia to
Thibet.
Kamtschatka
N. America
(except
Pacific side),
ace. in Brit.
Isles.
W. North
America,
Sitka to
Sierra
Nevada.
Madagascar.
* The young of most species of the genus Astur, both in the typical
group and many succeeding ones, are brown above, the feathers more or less
margined with ochraceous or rufous, and ochraceous or creamy white below
with longitudinal markings, usually in the form of streaks on throat and large
oval spots on breast and flanks, although in some species the flanks may be
barred. The characters given, as in other genera, are those of adult birds.
21
a. Above brownish or slate ; tail with about 3
darker bands ; below white, barred with
rufous; length, ^, 13.5-14; $, 16-17 in.
63. Astur tachiro tachiro (Daud.), Traite, ii., p. 90 S. E. Africa.
(1800).
African Goshawk.
Below lighter ; cross bands more distinct ; no
bars on under wing-coverts.
63a. Astur tachiro sparsimfasciatus* Reichen., Orn.
Mb., iii., p. 97 (1895).
Zanzibar Goshawk.
Flanks and transverse bars more richly
rufescent.
63b. Astur tachiro unduliventer (Riipp.), Neue Wirb.,
p. 40, t£.f. 18, fig.i. (1835).
Abyssinian Goshawk.
Zanzibar Is.,
Brit. E.
Africa,
Victoria
Nyanza.
N.E. Africa
(Abyssinia).
Thighs rufous, without bars ; under wing-
coverts white.
63c. Astur tachiro macroscelides Hartl., J.f.O.,
1855, pp. 354, 360.
West African Goshawk.
b. Above slaty grey ; below with breast rufous,
or partly so, and rest of under parts white,
barred with rufous.
64. Astur trlvirgatus trivirgatus (Temm.), PI. Col.,
i., pi. 303 (1824).
Indian Crested Goshawk.
Larger.
64a. Astur trivirgatus rufitinctus McClelL, P.Z.S.,
1839, p. 153.
Larger Crested Goshawk.
W. Africa
(Gold Coast
to Sierra
Leone).
Hilly parts
of India
and Ceylon,
Malay Archi-
pelago.
E. Himalayas
to Assam,
Indo-
Chinese
countries,
Formosa.
* A. (achiro nyansce Neumann, Om. Mb., xiii., p. 138 (1902) is a synonym,
c/. Sharpe, Zool. Rec, 1902, Aves, p, 45.
22
c. Above brown ; head bhxish grey ; tail with
about 4 dark bars ; below white, with broad
streaks of brown ; thighs barred with blackish
bro^vn.
65. Astur griseiceps Schl., Mus. P.B., Astnres, Celebes,
p. 23 (1862).
Grey-headed Goshawk.
d. Smaller (length, ^, 10.7 in.) ; above brownish
ash ; sides of head and of neck rufous ; tail
with 6 dark bars ; below white, barred with
rufous.
66. Astur brutus (Poll.), Nederl. Tijdschr., iii., Mayotte Is.
p. 80 (1866). (Comoro
Least Goshawk. Group).
e. Above blackish slate or slate ; tail with 2 more
or less regular white bands ; below pale
vinous to rufous, with indications of white
bars ; length 15-in. (adult).
67. Astur tousseneUii toussenellii (Verr.), Rev. et W. Africa
Mag., 1854, p. 538. (Gaboon).
Toussenell's Goshawk,
Smaller ; length 13-in. (q ) ; thighs chestnut.
67a. Astur toussenellii lopezi * Alex., Bull. B.O.C.. Cameroon &
xiii.,p.49(1903). ' Fernando Po.
Fernando Po Goshawk.
Smaller ; length 11 in.
with white and chestnut
67b. Astur toussenellii castanilius
Mag. de Zool., 1853, p. 578.
Chestnut -sided Goshawk.
(J) ; below banded
(Bp.), Rev. et
Without white bars below ; thighs white.
68. Astur trinotatus (Bp.), Consp., i., p. 33 (1850).
N. Celebean Goshawk.
W. Africa
(Gold Coast
to Gaboon ?),
Cameroon.
N. Celebes.
Paler below, with more white on abdomen.
68a. Astur trinotatus hcesitandus (Hart.), Nov.
Zool., iii., p. 162 (1896).
S. Celebean Goshawk.
S. Celebes.
* Doubtfully distinct from A, t. castanilius if it has the rufous thighs of
the latter. The amount of white barring most certainly varies with age.
23
f . Above deep slate grey ; tail with 8 or 9 dark
bars ; below wholly chestnut with a few
whitish cross bars.
69. Astur henicogrammus Gray, P.Z.S., 1860, Moluccas
p. 343. (Halmahera,
Gray's Goshawk. Morotai).
g. Above slate grey ; bars on tail nearly obsolete ;
below cinnamon rufous, without white bars ;
length $ 15.8 ; ^ 12.5 in.
70. Astur iogaster (Mull, et Schl.), Naturl. Gesch., Moluccas
. p. 110 (1839-44). (Ceramand
Rufous-bellied Goshawk. Amboina).
Slightly smaller ; below more vinous red.
71. Astur etorques etorques (Salvad.), Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genov., vii., p. 901 (1875).
New Guinea Goshawk.
Whole under side deep rufous cinnamon.
71a. Astur etorques rufoschistaceus Rothsch. and
Hart., Nov., Zool., ix., p. 590 (1902).
Ysabel Is. Goshawk.
New Guinea,
Salawati and
Jobils.,
Bismarck
Archipelago.
Ysabel Is.,
Solomon
Archipelago.
Smaller and darker.
71b. Astur etorques rubiance Rothsch. and Hart.
Nov. Zool., xii., pp. 250-1 (1905).
Solomon Island Goshawk.
Lighter above.
71c. Astur etorques bougainvillei Roth, and Hart.,
Nov. Zool., xii., pp. 250-1 (1905).
Bougainville Is. Goshawk.
Smaller (length of ad. 12.2 in.) and more
delicate grey above.
71 d. Astur etorques misoriensis (Salvad.), Am.
Mus. Civ. Genov., vii., p. 904 (1875).
Misori Goshawk.
Solomon Is .
(Rubiana,
Rendova,
Gizo).
N. Solomon
Is. (Short -
land Group &
Bougainville
Is.).
Is. of Misori,
N.W. New
Guinea,
Jobi Is. (?)
24
Under wing and tail-coverts whitish ; thighs
reddish white.
71e. Astur etorques pulchellus Ramsay, Jnl. Linn.
Soc.,xvi., p. 131(1881).
Ramsay's Goshawk.
h. Above paler ashy grey ; crown bluish ; tail
uniform ; below paler salmon colour, with
remains of white bars on breast, more numerous
on abdomen.
72. Astur sylvestris (Wall.), P.Z.S., 1863, pp. 484,
487.
Flore s Goshawk.
i. Above bluish grey ; tail with 5 or 6 blackish
bars ; below salmon rufous, with white cross
bars.
73. Astur badius badius (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 280
(1788).
Ceylonese Shikra.
Larger and lighter grey.
73a. Astur badius dussumieri Temm., PI. Col., livr.
52, pi. 308 (1824)
Shikra
Solomon Is.
(Cape Pitt,
Florida Is.,
Guadalcanar,
Ysabel Is.)
Lesser Sunda
Is. (Flores).
Ceylon.
Travancore.
Whole of
Indian
Peninsula.
73b.
73c.
Above paler bluish ; below with broader and
brighter vinous bands.
Astur badius poliopsis (Hume), Stray
Feathers, ii., 1874, p. 325.
Hume's Shikra.
Tail slightly longer and more barred.
Astur badius cenchroides Severtz, Turkist.
Jevotn., p. 63 (1873).
Severtzow's Shikra.
Burma,
Assam,
Cachar,
Tenasserim,
Siam, and
Gamboja to
to Cochin
China,
Formosa.
Central Asia
(Turkestan),
Baluchistan,
E. Persia and
Punjab, Sind
(winter).
25
Mantle blackish slate ; below paler salmon
colour, vmder wing-coverts distinctly barred.
73d Astur badius brevipes Severtz., Bull. Soc. Imp.
Nat., Moscou, xxxiii., p. 234, tab. i.-iii. (1850).
Levant Shikra.
Above clear bluish ashy, under wing-coverts
buffy white, with faint dusky cross bars.
73e. Astur badms sphenurus (Riipp.), Neue Wirb.,
p. 42 (1835).
Riippell's Goshawk.
Below with numerous distinct narrow bars of
pale rufous ; under wing-coverts barred like
breast.
73f . Astur badius polyzonides (Smith), 111. Zool. S.
Afr.,pl.xi.(1838).
Little Barred Goshawk.
Central
Russia,
Dalmatia,
Greece,
Turkey, Asia
Minor, Persia,
Syria, Egypt.
N.E. Africa,
Sudan to
Senegambia,
Sierra Leone,
Nigeria.
S. Africa, N.
to Nyasaland.
Tail with only one indistinct subterminal bar ;
under wing-coverts white.
74. Astur butleri Gurney, Bull. B.O.C., vii., p. Car Nicobar
xxvii. (1898). Is., Bay of
Butler's Goshawk. Bengal.
Tail with 5 bars ; body below, pale buffy
vinous without bars.
75. Astur soloensis soloensis (Lath.), Gen. Hist., i., China, S. in
p. 209 (1821). winter to New
Horsfield's Goshawk. Guinea.
Tail bars obsolete above.
75a. Astur soloensis cuculoides Temm., PI.
pi. 110, 129 (1823).
Chinese Goshawk.
Col.
76.
N. China, S.
in winter to
Malay
Archipelago.
Head, neck and upper part of mantle light
greyish white ; rest of upper parts slate grey ;
tail uniform ; below vinous rusty red.
Astur pallidiceps (Salvad.), Orn. d. Papuasia, Bouru.
etc., i., p. 64 (1879).
White-headed Goshawk.
26
1. Above as last, but tail with blackish bars ;
below entirely white.
77. Astur poliocephaltis (Gray), P.Z.S., 1858, pp.
170, 189.
Grey-headed Goshawk.
m. Above uniform slate colour ; tail with 7
darker bars ; below entirely white.
78. Astur francescii francescii (Smith), Afr. Q. Jnl.,
ii., p. 280 (1834).
Frances's Goshawk.
Smaller and darker above.
78a, Astur francescii pusillus Gurney, Ibis, 1875,
p. 258.
Joanna Island Goshawk.
n. Above brownish ash colour ; below white
barred with dull ashy.
79 Astur clarus clarus (Lath.), Ind. Om. Suppl.,
p.xiii.(1801).
Grey Goshawk.
79a. Astur clarus cooktowni (Math.), Nov. Zool.,
xviii.,p.245(1912).
Northern Grey Goshawk.
o. Above and below pure white.
80. Astur novcehollandice (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 264
(1788).
White Goshawk.
Smaller ; wing ^ 7.8 against 10.4 in.
80a. Astur novcehollandice leucosomus Sharpe, Cat.
Bds. B.M., i., p. 119 (1874).
Lesser White Goshawk.
p. Above slate black ; below white streaked and
barred with black.
81. Astur eudiabolus Roth. & Hart., Bull. B.O.C.,
XXXV., p. 8 (1914).
Black-and-White Goshawk.
q. Above blackish slate ; below white.
82. Ast^lr haplochrous (Sclat.), Ibis, 1859, p. 275,
pi. viii.
Black-throated Goshawk.
New Guinea,
Salawati,
Mysol,
Waigiou and
Aru Is.
Madagascar.
Joanna or
Anjuan Is,
(Comoro
Group).
E. side of
Australia.
N. Queens-
land.
Tasmania,
N.S. Wales,
S. Australia.
New Guinea,
Waigiou,
N. Queens-
land ?
Mountains of
Brit. New
Guinea.
New
Caledonia,
83.
27
Above black, or blackish slate ; tail unbanded ;
below white, with or without slight greyish
shading or vermiculations on sides of chest.
Length, O. about 18 in., c^, about 14 in.
Astur albigularis albigularis (Gray), Ann. N.H.,
(4) v., p. 327 (1870).
White-throated Goshawk.
Larger ; cheeks white ; below with some black
shaft streaks and cross bars [doubtful form].
83a. Astur albigularis meyerianus Sharpe, Jnl.
Linn. Soc, xiii., p. 458, pi. xxii. (1877).
Mever's Goshawk.
Solomon
Islands
(S. Christoval
Ugi, Guadal-
canar.)
Jobi Is. N.W.
New Guinea,
Ceram-Laut.
Tail with 4 whitish bands above ; cheeks and
ear-coverts black.
84. Astur jardinei* Gurney, Ibis, 1887, p. 96, pi. Brit. Guiana,
iii.
Jardine's Goshawk.
Above dark lead grey ; below pale grey.
85. Astur poliogaster (Temra.), PI. Col., i., pi. 264 Brazil
(1824). (Ypanama),
Grey-bellied Goshawk. Paraguay
C. With a well defined rufous neck band.
a. Above brown ; crown black, crested ; tail
with 4 black bands ; below, chest rufous, rest
of under parts white barred with black.
86. Astur pectoralis Bp., Rev. et Mag. de Zool., Brazil,
1850, p. 490. Guiana,
Red-collared Goshawk. Ecuador.
b. Above brownish slate ; inner webs of tail-
feathers obscurely barred ; below, breast
rufous brown barred with slate, rest paler
barred with white.
87. Astur natalis Lister, P.Z.S., 1888, p. 523. Christmas
Christmas Island Goshawk. Is.
* If the later ascertained locality of this form, British Guiana, is correct
it must be a perfectly valid species, and can have little direct relationship
with A. a. albigularis.
Dr. Hartert, who examined the description of Oustalet's Astur sharpei
(Bull. Soc. Philom. (6), xi., p. 25, 1875) with me, thinks it is merely an example
of A, albigularis albigularis, and I have therefore omitted it.
28
c. Above light bluish grey ; tail not visibly
barred ; throat white ; below pale vinous red,
length, ^, 13.5 ; $,16.5 in.
88. Astur rufitorques Peale, U.S. Explor. Exped.. Fiji Islands.
p. 68, pi. 19 (1848).
Fijian Goshawk.
Larger ; above darker, except head ; below
with some white bars ; throat bluish grey.
89. Astur griseigularis griseigularis Gray, P.Z.S., Molucca Is.
1850, p. 343. (Halmahera,
Grey-throated Goshawk. Batchian,
etc.), Obi. Is.
89a. Astur griseigularis buruensis. Streseman, Nov. Bouru,
ZooL, xxi., p. 381 (1914). S. Moluccas.
Smaller ; above as A. rufitorques ; below pale
vinous red ; belly white.
90. Astur albiventris Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Ke or Kei Is.
Genov., vii., p. 982 (1875). Moluccas.
WTiite-bellied Goshawk.
Above lighter.
91. A sttir polionotus Sal vad . , Mem . Accad . , Torino , Timor
xl., p. 147 (1889). Laut.
Tenimber Is. Goshawk.
d. Above black ; tail barred on inner webs only ;
below vinous chestnut ; throat black.
92. Astur melanochlamys melanochlamys (Sal vad.), N.W. New
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov., vii., p. 905 (1875). Guinea.
Black-backed Goshawk.
Mount
Goliath,
Dutch New
Guinea.
Above more slaty black ; below paler.
92a. Astur melanochlamys schistacinus Rothsch. and
Hart., Nov. Zool., xx., p. 482 (1913).
Mt. Goliath Goshawk.
e. Above greyish brown ; tail with numerous
darker bars ; below white, barred with pale
rufous ; thighs and under wing and tail-
coverts white.
93. Astur torquatus torquatus (Temm.), PI. Col., i., Timor,
pi. 43 (1823).
Collared Goshawk.
93a. Astur torquatus sumbaensis (A. B, Meyer), Lesser Sunda
Abhandl. Ber. Mus., Dresd., 1892-3, p. 3. Is. (Sumba).
Sumba Goshawk.
29
f. Above similar to last ; below dull rufous,
narrowly barred with white and ashy ; under
wing-coverts dull rufous barred with fulvous.
Size larger, $, 20 in.
94. Astur fasciatus fasciatus Vig. & Horsf .. Tr. Linn,
Soe., XV., p. 181 (1827).
Australian Goshawk.
E. Australia,
S. to Tas-
mania,
Norfolk Is.
Smaller : " wing 236 mm."
94a. Astur fasciatus didimus (Math.), Austral
Avian Rec., i., p. 33 (1912).
Northern Goshawk.
Below paler ; under wing-coverts barred with
vinous giey.
94b. Astur fasciatus cruentus Gould. P.Z.S.. 1842,
p. 113 (1843).
West Australian Goshawk.
94c. Astur fasciatus polycriptus Rothsch. and Hart,
Nov. Zool., xxii., p. 53 (1915).
94d. Astur fasciatus insularis, ¥. Sarasin, Novse
Caledonia Zool. Aves, p. 8 (1913).
Below rich vinous salmon colour, with
remains of white cross-bars.
95. Astur wallacii Sharpe, Cat. Bds. B.M., i.,
p. 128, pi. 5 (1874).
Wallace's Goshawk.
N.W.
Australia,
Northern
Territory.
W. Australia.
New Guinea,
New Britain,
New Ireland,
D'Entrecas-
teaux Group,
Waigiou Is.
New
Caledonia,
New
Hebrides,
Loyalty Is.
Lesser Sunda
Is. (Lombok),
S.W. Islands,
Moluccas.
Gen. XXV. NISOIDES Pollen (1866).
Hinder aspect of tarsus scaled ; commissure of bill
perfectly straight.
Above slaty black ; nape and base of scapulars
mottled with white and upper tail-coverts
tipped with same ; tail with about 8 darker
30
96.
bands ; below white barred with rufous brown ;
throat streaked with black ; length, ,^, 11.5,
wing 6 in.
Nisoides moreli Pollen, Bull. Soc. Sc. Reun., W. Coast of
1866, p. 62. Madagascar.
Morell's Goshawk.
Gen. XXVI. ACCIPITER Briss. (1760).
Bill with distinct festoon to cutting margin of upper
mandible ; nostrils oval ; tarsus long, slender and
smooth ; toes long and slender, particularly the
middle one, which is more than twice ridge of
bill (without cere). Maximum size (^, 15.8 : $,
18 in. Minimum ^j^, 8.8 ; $, 10.5 in.
Key to the NATURAii Groups and Species (Adults).
A. Thighs banded ; no collar round neck.
a. Above bluish slate ; nape more or less mottled
with white ; tail with about 4 darker bands ;
below white, breast barred with rufous or
brown : flanks rufous.
97. Accipiter nisus nisus (Linn.), S.N., i., p. 92
(1758).
Common Sparrow-Hawk.
Smaller, darker above, more closely and
thickly barred below.
97a. Accipiter nisus woUerstorffi Kleinschm., Orn.
Mb., ix., p. 168 (1901).
Sardinian Sparrow-Hawk.
Europe and
N. Asia, in
winter to
Algeria, N.E.
Africa, India,
China.
Sardinia.
Above bluer.
97b. Accipiter nisus punicus Erlanger, Orn. Mb.,
v., p. 187 (1897).
Tunisian Sparrow-Hawk.
97c. Astur nisus nisisimilis Tickell, Jnl. As. Soc.
Beng. ii., p. 571 (1833).
Indian Sparrow-Hawk
Tunis.
India,
Kashmir,
Assam,
Burma,
Afghanistan,
Turkestan.
in
Above lighter and greyer, with dark shaft
stripes ; dark tail bands nearly obsolete ;
below barred with greyish.
97d. Accipiter nisus ^aliens Stein., Pr. U.S. Nat.
Mus., xvi., p. 625 (1893).
Kamtschatkan Sparrow-Hawk.
Insular race [with light and dark phases.]
97e. Accipiter nisus teneriffce Laubmaim, Verhandl.
Orn. Ges., xi., p. 164 (1912).
Teneriffe Sparrow Hawk.
Blackish slaty above, darkest on head and
nape ; bars on tail broad and pronounced ;
below with bars broad and decided.
97f. Accipiter nisus melanoschistus Hume, Ibis,
J869, p. 356.
Himalayan Sparrow-Hawk.
97g. Accipiter nisus ladygini* Bianchi, Ann. Mus.
St. Petersb., viii., p. 11 (1903).
Above blackish brown ; below white, barred
v/ith greyish black.
98. Accipiter granti Sharpe, Ann. & Mag. N.H. (6),
v., p. 483 (1890).
Madeiran Sparrow-Hawk.
Above slaty blue ; below white, barred with
pale rufous ; the flanks barred like breast.
99. Accipiter fuscus fuscus (Gmel.), S.N.,i., p. 280
(1788).
Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Paler and more cinnamomeous below ; thighs
with cinnamon rufous predominating.
99a. Accipler fuscus rufilatus (Ridgw.), Pr. U.S.
Mus., xi., p. 92 (1888).
Western Sharp-shinned Hawk.
Smaller and more slender ; cheeks rufous
below nearly white, especially the thighs.
99b. Accipiter fuscus fringilloides\ (Vig.), Zool, Jnl.
iii., p. 434 (1828) [ex Cuba].
Cuban Sparrow-Hawk.
Kamtschatka,
Japan.
Teneriffe.
Himalayas.
E. Thibet.
Madeira.
N. America,
in winters, to
Guatemala.
West U.S., W.
to RockyMts.,
N. to Kodiak,
S. to Cent.
America.
Cuba,
Haiti (?).
* Judging from description this form and Hume's melanoschistus are
very near one another, if not the same,
t If the Cuban and Haitian forms are the same, they should be called
A. fuscus striatus (Vieill.) as being the older name.
32
Below rufous, the feathers spotted on, both
webs or barred with white ; upper breast
more or less uniform rufous.
100. Accipiter cooperi cooperi (Bp.), Am. Orn., i.,
pi. 10, f. 1 (1828).
Cooper's H£.wk.
Female with markings of lower parts denser
and rather deeper in colour ; more rufous on
thighs. Male scarcely differs from typical
form.
100 a,. Accipiter cooperi mexicanus Swains., Faun.
Bor. Am., ii., p. 45, footnote (1831) [ex
Mexico].
Mexican Sparrow-Hawk.
Sides of neck, a band running to hind neck,
and upper part of breast greyish ash.
lOOh. Accipiter cooperi gundlachi (Lawr.), Ann. Lye.
N.Y., vii., p. 252 (1862).
Gundlach's Sparrow-Hawk.
Above slaty grey ; below white, throat un-
spotted, rest minutely banded or vermiculated
with greyish brown.
101. Accipiter superciliosus (Lirm.), S.N., i., p. 128
(1766).
[=A. tinus, auct. plur.]
Eyebrowed Sparrow-Hawk.
b. Above slaty black ; upper tail-coverts tipped
with white ; tail with 2 faint paler bands, and
2 large spots of white on inner webs ; below
white, sides bright chestnut, below narrowly
barred with rufous.
102. Accipiter minullus minullus (Daud.), Traite,
ii., p 88 (1800).
Little Sparrow-Hawk.
Sides paler ; bars darker and broader.
102a.. Accipiter minullus intermedius Eriang., J. Orn.,
pp. 171-6, 1904.
102h. Accipiter minullus hilgerti Eriang., J. Orn.,
pp. 171-6, 1904.
N. America
(Middle and
Southern
U.S.).
W. United
States to C.
America.
Cuba.
Tropical S.
America, N.
to Panama.
S. Africa, to
to Mozam-
bique on E.
and Angola
onW.
Abyssinia
(S. Shoa).
Arusi, Galla
Land, N.E.
Africa.
33
102c.Accipiter minullus tropicalis (Reich.), Jr. f . O., E. Africa,
p. 139, 1898.
Upper tail-coverts conspicuously white ;
barrings below blackish brown with very
little rufous.
lQ2d.Accipiter minullus erythropus (Hartl.), J.f.O., W.Africa,
1855, p. 354. Gold Coast to
Red-legged Sparrow-Hawk. Cameroon s.
c. Above dark ashy grey ; tail, with 4 darker bars,
alternated with paler bands , in centre of each of
which is a white spot ; below white with narrow
grey bands.
103. Accipiter ovampensis Gurney, Ibis, 1875, p. Ovampo
367, pi. vi. Land, S.W.
Gurney's Sparrow-Hawk. Africa, to
Zambesi
Country,
Nyasaland, S.
Abyssinia,
Gambaga
(Gold Coast).
d. Above blackish brown ; tail uniform above,
with paler bands beneath ; below white,
thickly barred with greyish black.
104. Accipiter madagascariensis Verr., S. Air. Q. Madagascar.
Jnl., ii., p. 282 (1834).
Madagascar Sparrow-Hawk.
B. Thighs nearly uniform brown, with slight
remains of white cross bars ; an ill-defined
white collar on hind neck,
a. Above sooty brown ; tail with 5 darker bands ;
below white, broadly barred with rufous
brown.
105. Accipiter collaris (Kaup), MS. in Mus. Brit. Colombia,
unde ; Scl., Ibis, 1860, p. 148, pi. 6.
Semi-collared Sparrow-Hawk.
C. Thighs barred ; red collar on hind neck.
a. Above bluish ash ; tail almost uniform above,
but with numerous darker bars below on inner
webs ; below broadly barred with vinous red
and greyish white.
106. Accipiter cirrocephalus (Vieill.), N. Diet., x., E.Australia,
p. 329 (1817).
Collared Sparrow-Hawk.
34
Darker above.
106a,. Accipiter cirrocephahis broomei (Math.), Nov. W.Australia,
Zool., xviii., p. 247 (1912) . Northern
Broome's Sparrow-Hawk. Territory.
Above clearer bluish slate ; below brighter
rufescent with less distinct whitish bars ;
thighs with bare indications of bars.
lOGh.Accipiter cirrocephalus papuanus Rothsch. Dutch New
& Hart., Nov. Zool., xx., p. 482 (1913). Guinea.
Papuan Sparrow-Hawk.
D. Thighs uniform ashy grey ; red collar on hind
neck.
a. Above blackish slate ; red collar extending
to upper interscapulary region ; tail with 10
or 11 darker bands, obsolete on outermost
feathers ; below pale ashy grey, sides of neck
chestnut.
107. Accipiter rubricoUis Wall., P.Z.S., 1863, pp. Moluccas
19, 21, pi. iv. (Morotai,
Red -collared Sparrow-Hawk. Bouru),
Above " dark blue slaty grey " ; rufous collar
round hind neck.
108. Accipiter brachyurus (Ramsay), Pr. Linn. Soc.
N.S.W., iv., p. 465 (1879)
b. Bars on tail nearly obsolete ; below uniform
clear vinous, paler on thighs ; lower abdomen
white.
109. Accipiter erythrauchen erythrauchen Gray,
P.Z.S., 1860, p. 344.
Grey-throated Sparrow-Hawk.
109a. Accipiter erythrauchen ceramensis, Schl., Mus.
P.B. Astures, p. 39 (1862)
E. Thighs greyish white ; no nuchal collar.
a. Above bluish grey ; sides of face and neck very
pale ; below clear vinous red ; tail blackish
slate above, with 4 or 5 dark bars beneath.
110. Accipiter rhodogaster (Schl.), Mus. P.B.
Astures, p. 32 (1862).
Red-bellied Sparrow-Hawk.
S.E. New
Guinea.
Moluccas
(Halmahera
Batchian,
Obi Is.)
Ceram.
Celebes.
35
Above darker slate grey ; sides of face and neck
vinous like under parts.
110a,. A ccipiter rhodogaster sulaensis (Schl.)., Vog.
Ned. Ind. Valke, pp. 26, 64, pi. 16, f . 3, 4 (1866).
Sula Is. Sparrow -Hawk.
F. Thighs rufous or ochraceous ; no nuchal collar.
a. Above slaty grey ; tail brown with about 5
ashy brown bars ; cheeks and under surface
white, with a few dusky shaft lines and bars
on breast and flanks ; thighs chestnut.
111. Accipiter erythrocnemis Gray, List Accipitr.
B.M., p. 70 (1848).
Grey-backed Sparrow -Hawk.
Above darker and browner ; head blackish ;
thighs pale ochre.
112. Accipiter chionogaster (Kaup), P.Z.S., 1851,
p. 41.
White-bellied Sparrow-Hawk,
Sula Islands.
S. America,
Brazil to
Bolivia.
Central
America.
(Guatemala,
Nicaragua)
Above plumbeous ; thighs cinnamon rufous.*
113. Accipiter salvini (Ridgw.), Bull. U.S. Geol. Venezuela.
Surv., ii., p. 121 (1876).
Salvin's Sparrow-Hawk.
b. Above deep slaty grey, including sides of face ;
below chestnut.
114. Accipiter ventralis ventralis Sclat., P.Z.S., 1866, S. America,
p. 303. Venezuela to
Chestnut-bellied Sparrow-Hawk. Colombia.
Above and below plumbeous ; abdomen mixed
with ferruginous rufous.
Ilia,. Accipiter ventralis nigriplumheous Lawr., Ann. Ecuador
Lye. N.Y., ix., p. 270 (1869). and Peru.
Plumbeous Sparrow-Hawk.
c. Above deep slate ; nape mottled with white ;
side of face and under surface tawny rufous.
115. Accipiter rufiventris Smith, S. Afr. Q. Jnl., i., S. Africa,
p. 231 (1830). Togoland.
African Sparrow-Hawk.
115a. Accipiter rufiventris perspicillaris Riipp., Neue Abyssinia.
Wirb. Vog., p. 41 (1836).
Abyssinian Sparrow-Hawk.
* I have an ad. (J from Escorial, Venez., snowy-white below, with reddish-
white thighs Ughtly barred with dusky, which seems to constitute a new form.
36
d. Above slaty black, lower upper tail -coverts
white ; tail with 2 bars of white on inner webs ;
below chestnut.
116. Accipiter sharpei Eeich., Vog. Afrikas i n
564, pi. 2 (1901). ' ■' ^ ■
Sharpe's Sparrow-Hawk,
G. Thighs greyish, with traces of bars ; no nuchal
collar.
a. Like A. sharpei above, but no white spots on
centre tail feathers ; below, rufous colour
paler on sides.
117. Accipiter hartlaubi (Verr.). in Hartl Orn W
Afr., p. 15 (1857). ' "' ' "
Hartlaub's Sparrow-Hawk.
b. With 2 white spots on centre tail feathers ;
breast faintly barred with grey; sides pale
vinous.
118. Accipiter batesi Sharpe, Bull. B.O C xiii
p. 50 (1902).
Bates's Sparrow-Hawk.
H. Thighs very pale rufous or ashy to chestnut ;
no nuchal collar.
a. Above blackish slate ; nape mottled with
white ; sides of neck washed with rufous ;
tail with 3 blackish bars ; below chestnut^
paler on thighs and more or less barred below
breast. Wing, r^, 6.6 ; 2, 7.4.
119. Accipiter virgatus virgatus (Temm.) PI Col
i., pi 109(1823).
Java Sparrow-Hawk.
119a. Accipiter virgatus besra Jerd., Madras Jnl
Lit. Sci., X., p. 84 (1839).
Besra Sparrow-Hawk.
Larger ; wing, ^, 6.5-7.1 ; $, 8.35 ; below
with markings much browner.
ll^h. Accipiter virgatus affinis (Hodgs.), in Gray's
Zool. Misc., p. 81 (1844).
Larger Besra Sparrow-Hawk.
W. Africa,
Cameroon to
Benguela.
W. Africa
(Senegambia
to Togoland),
Cameroons.
Greater
Sunda Is.,
Java,
N. Borneo,
Sarawak.
S. India,
Ceylon.
Himalayas,
Andamans,
Siam,
Formosa,
Hainan.
37
Below nearly uniform light red in ad. 9 ; the
ad. rT like typical race. Wing, 9, 6.9-7.3 ; .^,
6-6.9 in.
119c .Accipiter virgatus confusus, Hart., Nov. Zool.,
xvii., p. 209 (1910).
\= Accipiter manillensis (Meyen)].
Philippine Sparrow-Hawk.
Thighs and under tail -coverts uniform
chestnut ; wing 5.95 in.
119d. Accijnter virgatus rufotibialis Sharpe, Ibis,
1887, p. 437.
Whitehead's Sparrow-Hawk.
b. Female barred below, up to throat, with
rufous or brown like A. nisus nisus. Wing
av.,^, 6.45; $,7.45.
120.Accipiter gularis (Temm. & Schl.), Faun. Jap.
Aves, p. 5, pi. 2 (1850).
Japanese Sparrow-Hawk.
c. Tail with 4 darker bars ; below pale fawn
rufous, the breast mottled with white spots
and half bars. Wing, ^, 8.5. ; $, 10.5.
121. Accipiter guttatus (VieilL), N. Diet., x., p. 327
(1817).
White -throated Sparrow-Hawk.
d. Tail with 5 black bands ; head black ; sides
of face and under surface slaty blue, with
blackish shaft stripes ; thighs and under wing-
coverts rufous.
122. Accipiter pileatus (Temm.), PI. Col., i., pi.
205 (1824).
Black-capped Sparrow-Hawk.
e. Under wing-coverts white, rufous along carpal
bend ; thighs rufous ; tail with 4 dark bars.
123. Accipiter bicolor (VieilL), N. Diet., x., p. 325
(1817).
Four-banded SparroAV-Hawk.
Philippine
Islands.
N.W. Borneo
(Mt. Kina
Balu),
Sarawak
(Mt. Dulit).
Japan,
N. China,
Formosa,
Malay
Archipelago,
Philippine Is.
S. America
(Paraguay
and Bolivia).
S. America
(Brazil,
Paraguay).
S. Mexico to
Colombia,
Ecuador and
Guiana.
38
f. Below ashy grey, with large white spots and
bars, margined with brownish ; breast shaded
with rufous ; thighs rufous ; under wing-
coverts rufous mottled with brown.
124. Accipiter chilensis Phil. & Landb., Arch. f.
Naturg.,1864,p.43.
Chilian Sparrow-Hawk.
I. Thighs black ; no nuchal collar.
a. Above black ; tail brown with 5 blackish
bands ; below black, most of feathers with
concealed white bases or spots.
125. Accipiter melanoleucus Smith, S. Afr. Q. Jnl.,
i., p. 229 (1830).
Black-and-White Sparrow-Hawk.
Chile to Str.
of Magellan,
Patagonia.
S. Africa,
W. Africa
(Cameroon
Gold Coast,
Gaboon,
Niger), Cape
Verde Is.,
Abyssinia,
Uganda.
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