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1919
PT.2
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BMED
Presented to the
LIBRARY of the
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
by
R.O.M. Library
PART II— NOV. 7, 1919. PKICE 41-
A
SYNOPTICAL LIST
OF THE
ACOIPITEES
(Diurnal Birds of Prey)
l^S^ PART II.
(Erythrotriorchis to Lophoaetus)
Comprising described Species and Subspecies, with their
Characters and Distribution
BY
H. KTIIKE S\A ANN, F.Z.S.
LONDON :
JOHN WHELDON & CO., 38. Great Queen Street,
KiNGSWAY, W.C.2.
1919.
A
SYNOPTICAL LIST
OF THE
ACCIPITRES
(DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY)
PART II.
Sub-Fain. III. BUTFONiN^.
Bill moderate, bending from base, with a slight
projection on cutting edge of upper mandible.
Outer toe connected to middle toe by an
interdigital membrane ; tibia much longer
than tarsus, exceeding it by more than the
length of hind claw.
Gen. XXVII. ERYTHROTRIORCHIS Sharpe (1875).
Wing about equal to tail, the latter moderately
graduated ; ridge of bill (without cere) less
than half length of middle toe (without claw).
Size of Buteo. Length q 20, wing 14.5 :
$ wing 16 in. ; plumage above and below
bright rufous, with black centres ; tail ash,
tipped with pale rufous, and irregularly barred
with dark brown ; under surface of tail and
tips of primaries Avhitish.
12(). Erythrotriorchis radiatas (Lath.), Ind. Orn. F.C.N, and
Suppl., ii., p. xii. (1801) {N.S. Wales.] N.W.
Red Buzzard. Australia.
Gen. XXVIIl. MFGATRIORCHIS Salvad. & D'Alb. (1875).
Wings short , slightly longer than tail ; tail long,
rounded ; inner toe shorter than outer.
40
Larger ; length $ 26.75, wing 14 in. ; plumage
above brownish black, with rufescent
margins ; below white, spotted longitudinally
with brown ; wings and tail above banded
alternately with brownish -black and greyish -
brown.
127. Megatriorchis dorice . Salvad. & D"Alb., Ann. S.E. New
Mus. Civ. Genov. vii., p. 85 (1875). [Yule Guinea.
Island.]
Doria's Buzzard -Hawk.
Gen. XXIX. HETEK08P1ZIAS Sharpe (1874).
Nostrils round, with large tubercular process ;
wings reaching up to or beyond tail ; tail
about equal to twice tarsus.
Size of Biiteo: length 224, wing 18.3, (J 20, wing
1(3.5 in. ; head and shoulders rufous ; jnantle
and scapulars pale slate grey with rufous
margins ; rump and tail purplish black, tail
with a median white bar and white tips ;
below rufous with narrow obsolete black bars
on breast.
128. Helerospizias yneridionalis (Lath.), Ind. Orn., 8. America
1., p. 30 (1790). [Cayenne] (Colombia to
Red-winged Hawk. S.E. Brazil,
'O'
Paraguay and
Argentina).
Gen. XXX. GEKANOAETUS Kaup (1844).
Size much larger than Buteo ; tail proportionately
shorter, and wings proportionately longer.
LengthcJ 28, ? 31 , wing 23.7, tail 1 1 .5 in ; slaty-
black, with the shoulder grey, finely barred
with blackish; abdomen and under wing and
tail-coverts greyish Avhite, finely barred Avith
blackish.
12U. Geranoaetd'S mdanokticini (Vieill.), N. Diet. Colombia
d'Hist. Nat., xxxii., p. 57, 1819 [Paraguay], to Chile and
Chilian Eagle. Patagonia.
Gen. XXXI. BUTEO Lacep. (1799).
Cere large; nostrils oval with ]io tubercle;
wings moderately long, the 3rd to 5th quills
longest, the first 3 to 5 emarginale or notched
on inner webs; tarsus short, strong, usually
scaled, and feathered in front for a varying
distance. Size usually under 24 in.
41
Key to the Natural Groups and Species (x\.dults).
A. Tail usually brown, sometimes washed with
rufous, with a varying immber of transverse
bars ; generally from 6 to 12, often indistinct.
General plumage sooty-black, shaded with
brown ; tail greyish-brown with 12 or 18
blackish bars.
1.30. Buteo galapagensis (Gould), P.Z.S., 1837, i^. 9 Galapagos Is,
\ Galapagos Is.]
Galapagos Buzzard.
Aberrant species ; size small ; wingcJ 10.75 in.,
very short and rounded ; inner webs of first 4
primaries emarginate ; tips of primaries
reaching to about middle of tail ; tail with 8
or 9 darker bars ; plumage blackish-brown
(dark phase) or brown above and buff below
and on head (light phase).
131. Buteo solitarius Peale, Zool. U.S. Exp]. Hawaiian
Exped. Birds, p. 02 (1848). [Karakaloa Bay, Archipelago
Hawaii.]
Solitary Buzzard.
Size small; length (^ 18.50, wing 11.8 in.;
above pale brown ; tail with 6 or 7 bands of
darker brown ; below white, throat narrowly
and breast broadly streaked with pale brown ;
belly and thighs uniform pale brown.
132. Buteo hrachyptents Hs.rtl., Faun. Madag.p.l. Madagascar.
(1861). [Madagascar.]
Short -winged Buzzard.
Size large, length $, 24.5 ; wing 19 in. ; head
and neck white, with broad streaks of pale
brown ; above dull brown ; tail with indistinct
darker cross-bars, the base and inner webs
white ; below white, barred on throat and
streaked on breast Avith dark brown ; flanks
dark brown.
133. Bateo hemilasius Temm. et Schl., Faun. E.Siberia.
Japon. Aves. p. 18, pi. vii (1844). [Ja'2)an.] Mongolia
[Archibuteo strophiatus(H.odgs . )i s a synonym .] to Tibet,
Upland Buzzard. Nepal and
L. Baikal ;
Cas. Japan ;
winters
China,
Turkestan,
J^. India,
42
Length (J, 19, wing 15 in. ; first 3 primaries
notched ; above dark-brown to slate-broA\ii
with paler edgings ; tail with 10 or 12 darkei*
cross-bars, the sub -terminal broad ; throat
white, upper breast rufous ((J) to deep chest-
nut or brownish -black ($): other lower parts
buffy -white, generally with rufous arrow
heads or flank bars ; a uniform sooty -brown
phase is met with.
1.34. Buteo swainsoni Bonap. Geogr. and Comp.
List, p. 3 (1838). [Near tJie Columbia River.]
8wainson's Hawk.
Tail brown with 8 or darker bars ; below
whitish, heavily blotched lengthwise with
(lark brown ; thighs buflfish, barred with dark
brown.
135. IliUeo oreophilus Hart, and Neum., Orn.
M.B. xxii., p. 31 (1914). !>S'. Abyssinia.]
K. African Buzzard.
First 4 primaries notched ; length^ about 20
in. ; wing 14.75-15 ; tail 8.75-9 ; tarsus 3.10 ;
$ wing 15-16 in. ; plumage variable ; adult
in breeding plumage {Brit. Isles) brown to
dark brown above, sometimes with rusty
edges to scapulars ; lower parts whitish,
heavily blotched on breast and barred on
belly with dark brown (occasionally rufous
brown), the upper breast, flanks and thighs
nearly uniform ; tail with 12 or 13 darker
bars, the sub-terminal one broad* ; a sooty-
brown phase also a " white " variety are
met with.
Buteo buteo buteo (Liini.) S.N. ed. X. i. p. 90
(1758). [Euro2)e.]
Common Buzzard.
136.
N. and S.
America,
from
Alaska to
Chile.
E. Africa,
Abyssinia
and Uganda
to the
Ca]^e.
W.. N. and C.
Europe, N. to
Brit . Isles and
Sweden, S.
to Spain.
* Adults among the Buzzards usually have the tail much less numerously
barred than is the case with young birds and often have a broad sub-terminal
band, lacking in young birds ; the latter also have the under-parts of the
body as a rule lighter, often with the arrow-head, circular or elongated dark
markings characteristic of the young birds of other groups of the Accipitres,
Individuals of all the species of Buteo vary greatly in plumage.
43
Smaller insular race ; darker and more
rufous ; more heavily marked below, tai]
tinged rufous.
136a. Buteo buteo arrigonii Picchi, Avicula, vii., Sardinia,
p. 40 (1903). [Sardinia.^ Corsica.
Sardinian Buzzard.
Wing $ 16.50, (J 15.50 in. ; large and dark
insular race ; more similar to zim7nermannm
than typical form ; darker than latter gener-
pJly is and nearly uniform below, blackish -
brown to rufous-brown, the abdomen barred ;
tail with 10 or 12 darker bars and with or
without rufous tinge.
136b. Buteo buteo harterti subsi3. no v. [B. buteo Madeira,
subsp. ? Hart., Vog. Pal. Faun., p. 1123
(1914)]. [Type in Tring Mus.]
Madeira Buzzard.
Wing ^ 13.40-14.10 ; ? 14.70-15.25 in. ;
rufous form, but tail generally light ashy, with
7-9 bars, the sub-terminal broad, more or less
tinged with rufous ; below with belly either
uniform deep riifous or barred and mottled
with huffish -white.
136c. Buteo buteo rothschildi, subsp. no v.* [No. Azores.
1904, 12. 31. 286, Coll. B.M., ? Terceira,
Az. Apl. 6, 1903, W.R.O. Grant.]
Azores Buzzard.
Wing? 15.40-15-70,(J (juv.) 13.80 in. ; rufous
form ; chest and abdomen rufous brown ; tail
brown, slightly tinged with rufous and with
the darker bars nearly obsolete in very old
bird, about 5 being appareiit ; younger birds
have about 10 distinct bars.
136d. Buteo buteo insularum Floericke, Mitteil. Canary
Oesterr. Reichsb , iii., p. 64 (1903). [Gran Isles.
Canaria.]
Canary Isles Buzzard.
Paler and less rufous than three preceding
forms; wing? 14.60; above ashy-brown, with
paler margins to the feathers ; tail with 9
darker bars ; below throat white, streaked
with dusky-brown ; chest brown, mottled with
buffy-white ; centre of breast whiter ; belly
* Tlie fine series in Brit. Mus. does not appear to me to confirm the view
that the Azores race is the same as the Canary Is. race.
44
barred with brown ; thighs dark brown,
slightly barred with rufous ; feet smaller and
slighter.
136e. Buteobuteobannermani, suhs-p.noY. [$Near
Mindello Bay, St. Vincent, Cape Verd Is. Sept .
26, 1913, in Coll. B. M. No. 1919. 8. 15. 148.]
Cape Verd Buzzard.
Size of but more rufous than B. buteo buteo ;
more heavily marked below ; abdomen and
under tail-coverts white barred transversely
with rufous brown ; tail distinctly barred and
with a rufous tinge ; wing^J 14.32, tail 8.25 in.
136f. Buteo buteo zimmermannce, Ehmcke, J.f.O.
1893, p. 117. [Kreis Gumbinnen, E. Prussia.]
Rufous Buzzard.
Tarsus feathered alx)ut half-way down in
front ; plumage above purplish brown, with
rufescent margins ; tail with 4 or 5 indistinct
darker bars ; below rufous, abdomen buffy-
white, barred with rufous (younger birds
buffy -white below, streaked on breast and
blotched on abdomen with dark broA^n.)
136g. Buteo buteo japonicus (Temm. et Schl.) in
Siebold's Fauna Jap. Aves., p. 16. [pi. vi,
vi^] (1844). [Japan.] [—B. plumipes.
(Hodgs.)]
Japanese Buzzard.
Cape Verd
Islands.
E. Europe :
E. Prussia
&W. &C.
Russia, N.
to Arch-
angel, S.
to Balkans,
W. casually
to Holland,
Brit. Is-
lands (*)
France and
Italy.
Japan, China
Corea,
Manchuria,
Turkestan,
Punjab to
Burma.
B. Tail more definitely red in old birds, with
most of the bars obsolete.
Smaller : wing cJ 13.40-14.50, tail 7-8, tarsus
3 in., ? wing about 15 in. ; above brown
* There are eight rufous Brit, birds in the Brit. Mus. collection, two of
which seem referable to B. rufiventer and the rest to this form, while there is
another example in Brighton Mu?. from the Monk coll., labelled " England."
Devonshire birds are, however, often almost as rufous as those from
E. Europe.
45
137.
138.
Avith conspicious rufous margins and blackish
shafts ; tail more or less rufous, with sub-
terminal band and remains of other bars (in
younger birds ashy-brown barred with dark
brown) ; head, neck and under parts tawny
rufous, breast varied with creamy buff and
throat streaked with brown ; belly not
barred in adult.
Butco rufiventer Jerd. Madr. Jnl. 1844, p.
165. {Nilghiri Hills, India.] l=B. deser-
torum Daud. ex Levaill.]
Desert Buzzard.
Much larger : Wing ^ 16.25-17.75, tail 10.5,
tarsus 3.75, $ wing 18-19 in. ; breast huffish
to -pale rufous with dark shaft streaks ; ab-
domen, flanks and thighs rufous to chocolate
brown, unbarred ; tail pale rufous, whitish
at base and shafts white, with 2 or 3 definite
bars towards tip and remains of others ;
uniform dark under parts of some birds
probably a dark phase or erythrism rather
than age ; also subject to melanism ; im-
mature huffish white below blotched and
streaked with dark rufous brown ; tail ashy
with darker bars.
Buteo ferox ferox S. G. Gmel., N. Comm.
Ac. Petrop. xv., p. 442, pi. x (1769).
[Astrakan.]
Long-legged Buzzard.
W. Asia and
S.E. Europe*
(S. Russia to
Caucasus) ;
S. to India,
Arabia and
Africa below
the Sahara
in winter ;
cas.in Brit.
Islands.
S.E. Europe
(cas. S. & W.
Euroj)e),
Egypt,
Arabia, Asia
Minor ; W.
& C. Asia ;
N.W. India
and Africa
in winter.
* The form B. menetriesi, Bogd., is not separable. It appears to rest
upon birds with a fully rufous tail and the bands obsolete, except the sub-
terminal one, bvit there is no doubt these are only very old birds and there is
no means of distinguishing European from Asiatic examples in the various
other stages of tail marking, while the red stage seems common to both.
Both forms migrate to Africa.
46
Much smaller : Aviiig 14.50, tail 8.2, tarsus
2.7 in.
138a. Buteo ferox cirtensis (Levaill). Expl. Sci.
de I'Alger., pi. 3 (1850). [Algeria.]
Algerian Buzzard.
N.W. and
N. Africa,
(Morocco,
Algeria,
Tunis),
Spain (ace. ?)
8. Africa.
Length rj 21, wing 17, tail 8, tarsus 3.30 in. ;
$ length 23, wing 18 in. ; general plumage
sooty or brownish-black ; lower breast
chestnut ; abdomen more or less barred
with white and chestnut ; i)rimaries
externally ashy, secondaries whitish, both
barred with black ; tail chestnut red, with
black sub-terminal band ; younger birds have
under parts rufous, excepting throat.
139. BiUeojakal (Daud.), Traite, ii., p. 161 (1800).
[Cape of Good Hoj^e, ex Le Vaillant.]
Jackal Buzzard.
13ya. Buteo jakal archeri W. 8cl., Bull. B.O.C., Somaliland.
xxxix., p. 17 (1918).
Size similar ; tail less chestnut, more tawny ;
lower parts black in old birds ; in younger
chiefly white, excepting the throat which is
more or less black.
140. Buteo augur Riipp., Neue Wirb. Vog., p. 38, pi.
16 (1835). [Abyssinia.]
Augur Buzzard.
General plumage of q dusky blackish, the
feathers of back and wings margined with
brown ; sides of head and cervical collar
varied with rufous ; forehead, nape spot
and throat white ; breast as upper parts ;
abdomen and flanks white spotted and
streaked with black ; tail rufous with sub-
terminal black band.
141. Buteo auguralis Salvad., Att. Soc. Ital. Sc.
Nat., viii., p. 377 (1865). [Abtjssinia.]
Salvadori's Buzzard.
Size variable ; average length, ^J 21, wing 15.50
in. ; ? 24, wing 17.50 in. ; above blackish-
brown with more or less of lighter variegation ;
tail chestnut with one sub-terminal darker
band and often remains of others ; below
buffy-white, flanks barred or mottled and ab-
domen heavily streaked with blackish -brown.
N.E. Africa,
Equatorial
Africa.
W. Africa to
N.E. Africa.
^7
142. Buteo borealis horealis (Gmel.), S.N., 1, p.
(1788). [Carolina.]
Red -tailed Buzzard.
266
Light form, pure white below with few or no
markings ; sub -terminal tail -bar reduced or
obliterated.
142a. Buteo borealis hrideri (Hoopes), Pr. Ac. Nat.
Soc. Philad., 1873, p. 238, pi. 5. [Iowa.]
Krider's Hawk.
StrongJy developed form of B. borealis borealis,
more strongly marked below, especially
on thighs, and with more bars than the
sub-terminal one on tail ; melanisms are
frequent, but they usually retain the rufous
tail.
142b. Buteo borealis calurus Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat.
Sci. Philad., vii., p. 281 (1855). [Netv Mexico.]
Western Red -tail.
Perhaps a melanism of B. borealis borealis ;
size similar, but more robust ; nearly uniform
sooty-brownish-black, with much Jess of
concealed white ; tail mottled with greyish,
dusky-white and rufous, with subterminal
black band.
142c. Buteo borealis harlani (Aud.), Bds. Am., i., p.
86 (1830). [Louisiana.]
Harlan's Buzzard.
E. North
America, N.
to Canada
and New-
foundland
W. to Gt.
Plains.
Gt. Plains,
from Mis-
souri and
Minnesota,
W. to Rocky
Mountains,
N. to S.
Manitoba.
W. North
America, be-
^rond W. edge
of Gt. Plains
E. to Middle
Yukon, S. to
Guatemala ;
Guadaloupe
Is.
Lower
Mississippi
Valley & Gulf
States, from
Louisiana to
Georgia and
Florida.
48
Resembling B. borealis calurus, but smaller
throughout ; wing (^ ad. 344 mm. ; $ 365
mm. ; dark areas blacker and more extended.
142d. Buteo borealis alascensis Grinnell, Univ. Cal. S. E. Alaska.
Pub. Zool., v., No. 2, p. 211 (1909). [Glacier
Bay and Chichagof /.]
Alaska Red-tail.
Tail uniform rufous, with one very narrow
sub-terminal band ; flanks and thighs light
rufous ; juv., tail barred, and flanks and thighs
sparsely barred with rufous.
142e. Buteo borealis costaricensis Ridgw., Hist. N. Costa Rica to
Am. Bds., iii., p. 285 (1874). [Costa Rica.] Panama.
Central American Red-tail.
Size of B. borealis borealis, but darker above ;
throat and middle of belly with broad con-
spicuous striping and banding of deep
chocolate brown ; tail feathers with dark
brown markings (remains of bands) near
shaft.
142f . Buteo borealis umbrinus Bangs, Pr. New Engl. Florida,
Zool., CI. ii., p. 67 (1901). [Myakka, Bahamas.
Manatee Co., Florida.]
Florida Red-tail.
Socorro
Island.
Tres Marias
Islands.
Small form : wing ^ 14.94-15.70, $ 16.76 in.
Insular race, undescribed ? *
142g. Buteo borealis socorroensis Ridgw., Pr. U.S.N.
Mus., iii., 1880, p. 220 (1881) [Socorro /.]
[nom. nudem.]
Socorro Island Red -tail.
More rufous on sides of breast and belly ;
thighs heavily barred with brown.
142h. Buteo borealis fumosus Nelson, Pr. Biol.
Soc. Wash. xii. p. 7 (1898) [Tres Marias
Is.]
Tres Marias Red-tail.
Length 21, wing 14.50 in. ; above sooty-
brownish with purplish gloss and ferruginous
edgings ; tail rusty ferruginous, base and tips
white with sub-terminal dusky-black band
and 7-9 dusky bars ; wing quills rich brown,
barred with black ; below white tinged
* The example in Tring Mus. is black with rufous tail, having broad
sub-terminal band, and 8 or 9 narrow obsolete bars, presumably' a melanism.
49
" Possibly the light phase
A.O.U. Check List ; only
buff ; throat streaked with dusky, chest
more thickly with ferruginous ; a dusky zone
across abdomen ; thighs barred ferruginous.
143. Buteo tropicalis Verrill., Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Philad. Ixi. pp. 357-8. (1909) [San
Lorenzo.]
Tropical Buzzard.
Doubtful species
oi B.b. harlani''
type example known.*
144. Buteo cooperi Cassin, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Philad. 1856, p. 253. [Santa Clara Co., Calif.]
Cooj)er's Buzzard.
C. Tail black.
Smaller than B. borealis horealis ; average
length, ^, 19, wing 12.50 in. ; plumage above
reddish brown with darker centres ; lesser
wing-coverts bright chestnut ; below pale
brownish rufous, barred with white ;
thighs paler and more buffy ; quills and tail
black, barred with white, the tail with about
6 bars.
145. Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmel.), S.N. 1., p.
268(1788) [LongIs.,N.Y.]
Red-shouldered Buzzard.
Much darker : " An erythrism of last form "
(Coues) ; below generally much darker red-
dish, with much less white barring ; thighs
rufous.
145a. Buteo lineatus elegans Cassin, Pr. Ac.
Nat. Sci. Philad. vii, p. 281 (1855) [Cali-
fornia.]
Western Red-shouldered Buzzard
Smaller : wing 11-12 in.
145b. Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgw., Pr. U.S.
Mus. vii., p. 514 (1885) [Tampa^ Fla.]
Florida Red-shouldered Buzzard.
Nat.
San Domingo
Calif o.'nia.
E. North
America, N.
to Canada,
W. to edge
of Great
Plains.
W. North
America
from Brit.
Colombia to
N.W. Mexico
and Lower
California.
S. Carolina
to Florida.
* A.O.U. Check List, ed.
to another from Colorado.
3, 1910, hut Gurney (Ibis, 187C, p. 242) refers
50
Wing (type) 12.98 ; tail 8.62 in. ; darker, ap-
proaching B. I. elegans ; breast usually more
spotted with buffy ; dark shaft of chest more
conspicuous ; head and back more rufous.
145c. Buteo lineatiis texanus Bishop, iVuk., xxix,
p. 232 (1912). [Texas.]
Texan Red-shouldered Buzzard.
Considerably smaller ; length (J 15, wing 10.75
in. ; 9 16, wing 11.40 in. ; only 3 outer
primaries emarginate ; plumage above dark
brown with lighter edges ; nape much
mottled with white ; tail brownish-black with
2 bands of greyish-white ; below rufous
brown cross -barred with white in the form
of transverse oblong spots.
146. BtUeo platypterus platypterus (Vieill.), Tabl.
End. Meth.Jii., p. 1273(1823). [Near Phila-
delp7iia.\
Broad-winged Buzzard
Texas,
Mexico.
E. North
America ;
C. America,
Colombia,
Ecuador,
E. Peru
(winter.)
and lighter than
146a.
146b
146c.
below narrower and less
Auk., Antigua.
insulicola Riley,
[Antigua.]
antillarum
x\4ii., p. 62
Clark,
(1905).
Pr.
[St.
St. Vincent,
St. Lucia,
Grenada.
Verrill,
Add. to Dominica.
Insular race ; smaller
antillarum and bars
sharply defined.
Buteo platypterus
XXV., p. 273 (1908).
Larger and darker.
Buteo platypterus
Biol. Soc. Wash
Vincent.]
[Descrij^tion not seen.]
Buteo platypterus rivieri
Avif . of Dom. ca. 1905, Y)
Smaller; winged (Surinam) 15.25 in.* ; general
plumage black ; tail black with broad
median band of grey (showing white below)
and remains of a second band.
* Examples from Mexico (Tring Mus.) are larger; winged 16.75 in. A $
(?) Bolivia has the wing 18 in., and if this is a migrant from Mexico, there
may be a large northern race, and if so it could be called mexicanus.
Gray's alhonotatus (Mexico) is a nominum nudem and cannot stand, while
Kaup's alhonotatus (Isis, 1847, p. 954) is neither a name nor a description.
His alhonotatus in Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 75, is from " S. America " and is based
on the " concealed white spots," which can be seen on the Surinam bird at
Tring, and not on the Mexican ; they appear only to mark a stage of plumage.
The only certain distinction seems to lie in the relative sizes.
51
147. Buteo abbreviatus abbrevlatus Gab., in
Schomb. Reis. Guiana, iii, ip. 739 (1848)
[British Guiana.]
Zone -tailed Buzzard.
147a.
148.
149.
150.
Much smaller ; wing " '- 12.50 ; tail 6 in. ;
uniform sooty black ; tail with 4 grey bars
above, showing white below.
Buteo abbreviatus minimus subsp. no v. [" $ "
Miritiba, Braz., 18.8.09, coll. H.K.S.]
D. Tail white.
Length(^22 ; wing 15.25 in. ; general colour
of (J bluish-slate ; tail white with about 9
narroAV bars of slate grey and broad sub-
terminal blackish band ; $ head, neck and
upper breast slate ; mantle, scapulars and
belly rufous.
Buteo poliosomus (Quoy et Gaim.) Voy.
de I'Uran. Ois. p. 92, pi. 14 (1824) [" lies
Malouines.'']
Falkland Island Buzzard.
Size similar ; adult ^, general plumage slate,
tail with 8 darker bars and broad black sub-
terminal band ; abdomen and thighs slate,
more or less barred with white ; $ wings,
rump and belly more or less suffused with
rufous ; thighs rufous barred with white.
Buteo hypospodius Gurney, Ibis, 1876, p.
73, pi. 3. [MedelUn.]
Grey-bellied Buzzard.
Larger : wing (5 ?) 19 in. ; above and tail
much as in $ of B. e. erythronotus ; below
barred with white and slate, the breast mixed
with rufous.
Buteo j)oecilochrous Gurney, Ibis, 1879, p.
176. [Yauayacu.] [ = B. melanosternus .
Berl. and Stolzm.]
Gurney's Red-backed Buzzard.
Brit. Guiana,
Surinam,
Brazil,
Venezuela,
Mexico,
Arizona, New
Mexico,
Texas, S. to
Bolivia.
S. Brazil.
Chile,
Patagonia,
Falkland Is.,
Tierra del
Fuego.
Colombia,
Venezuela,
Amazonia.
Brazil.
Ecuador,
Peru,
Bolivia,
Chile,
Argentina,
52
151.
Length (J 21 ; wing 15 in. ; $ wing 16.5 in. ;
cJ above slaty-bhie, below white ; tail white
with 10 or 11 narrow grey bars and sub-
terminal blackish band ; $ back and scapu-
lars brick red.
Buteo erythro7iotus erythronotus (Kinsr)
Zool. Jnl. iii, p. 424 (1827). [Str. of Magellan.]
Red -backed Buzzard.
Insular form ; ^ darker slate grey above ;
$ back uniform like cJ instead of red.
151a. Buteo erythronotus exsul Salvin, Ibis, 1875,
p. 371 [Masafuera.]*
Masafuera Buzzard.
Patagonia to
Chile and
Peru, Falk-
land Is.,
Argentina.
Masafuera
Island.
152.
Length (J 21, wing 17 in. ; above and throat
slaty-grey, darker on head and wings ;
shoulder ferruginous ; rump and upper tail-
co verts white ; tail silvery grey, centre
feathers white, with 8 or 9 silvery bars and
sub-terminal black band ; below white,
axillaries and flanks barred with blackish.
Buteo albicaudatus albicaudatus (Vieill.), X.
Diet. d'Hist. Nat. iv, p. 477 (1816). [S.
America.]
Wliite -tailed Hawk.
S. America,
to Chile and
Argentina.
Cross bars on tail and lower parts finer and
more broken.
152a. Buteo albicaudatus sennetti Allen, Bull. Am. Middle
Mus. N.H. v., p. 144 (1893). [Texas.] Texas to
Sennett's White-tailed Hawk.
S. America.
" Notably smaller : with the upper parts,
particularly the head and sides of the neck,
darker and more slaty."
152b. Buteo albicaudatus exiguus, Chapm., Bull. Llanos of
Am. Mus. N.H. xxxiv., p. 637 (1915). E.Columbia
[Barrigon, Col.] & E. into
Columbian White-tailed Hawk. Venezuela.
* The following additional forms of Buteo have been described from Chile
by Philippi (Arch, fiir NaUirg., 1899, pp. 167-70) viz. : Buteo melanostethos ,
B. pcecilogaster , B. macronychus, B. ater, B. pictus, B. albigula, B. [Asturina ?]
cethiops et elegans, but what the respective value of these forms is I have
been unable to judge.
53
Ad. plumage not seen ; imm. black, abdomen
somewhat barred with buff ; tail with in-
distinct darker bars. [Tring Mus.]
152c. Buteo albicaudatus coloims BerL, J.f .0. 1892, Curasao,
p. 91. [Curagao.] Bonaire, &
Curasao White -tailed Hawk Aruba Is
Gen. XXXII. ARCHIBUTEO Brehm (1828)
With characters and appearance of Buteo, but
tarsi feathered to the toes.
Length (^ 26, wing 18.7 in. ; ? length 22.5,
wing 17 in. ; above deep brown with paler
margins ; head, neck, throat and chest white,
streaked with dark brown ; scapulars and
least wing-coverts with white bases ; upper
tail-coverts banded with white ; tail white,
terminal portion ashy, with sub-terminal
blackish band ; centre of belly and flanks
deep brown mottled with white ; thighs and
tarsi buffish-white, barred with brown ;
much variation occurs, some birds being
much darker, almost uniform below.
153. Archibuteo lagopus lagopus (Gmel.), S.N., i., p.
260 (1788). [ex Brilnn. ; Christiansoe near
Bornholm.]
Rough -legged Buzzard.
Much paler ; plumage above with broad white
margins ; streaks on throat and breast and
thighs much narrower and paler ; upper tail-
coverts white with a central streak of brown.
153a. Archibuteo lagopus pallidus (Menzb.), Orn.
Turkest., i., p. 163 (1888). {Siberia, Turkestan,
etc.]
Siberian Rough-legged Buzzard.
Much darker and more ochraceous below
normally than A. I. lagopus and varying in
melanistic examples to nearly uniform black.
153b. Archibuteo lago2)us sancti-johannis (Gmel.),
S.N., i., p. 273 (1788). [Hudson Strait and
Newfoundland . ]
American Rough-legged Buzzard.
N. Europe
and N. Asia;
in winter S.
to Mediter-
ranean,
Black Sea and
Caspian.
Siberia,
Turkestan,
Kamtschatka
Ussuri.
N. America,
N. of Mexico,
breeding N.
of U.S
54
Plumage above blackish with chestnut mar-
gins ; head streaked with black and white ;
tail silvery ashy, tinged with rufous, the
base and tip white ; below white, with
black shaft lines on breast and arrow heads on
flanks ; legs bright chestnut barred with
black.
154. Archibuteo ferrugineus (Licht.), Abh. K.
Akad. Wiss. Berl. (Phys. Kl.), 1838, p. 428
(1839). [Near' Monteretj, CaL]
Ferruginous Rough-leg.
W. Nortli
America, S.
to California ;
in winter to
Lower
California and
N. Mexico.
Gen. XXXIII. BUTEOLA Bp. (1855).
Nostrils round, with distinct central tubei*cle ; wing
with 3 outer primaries emarginate on inner webs^
the 4th sinuate.
Size moderate ; length (J (?) 15.5, wing 11.3
in. ; $ (?) 16, wing 13 in. Above slaty-black ;
tail ashy-bro^vn, tipjied with whitish and
with 4 bars of blackish-brown ; sides of face
and under surface of body white ; melanistic
variety [B. fuUginosa, ScL] immature ?,
general plumage sooty-black ; tail brown
with 8 blackish bands.
155. Buteola brachyura (Vieill.), N. Diet. d'Hist.,
Nat. iv., p. 477 (1816). [Cayenne].
Short -tailed Buzzard.
Brazil,
Bolivia,
Peru, Guiana,
N. to Central
America and
Florida.
Gen. XXXIV ASTURINA Vieill. (1816).
Tibia3 long ; feet large and powerful ; nostrils round,
with indistinct and concealed tubercle at base of
upper margin. Size medium (length 16-18 in.).
(J 5 above ashy -grey, barred with silvery white,
most narrowly on the head and nape, bars be-
coming duller and broader on wings ; upper
tail-coverts blackish, tipj)ed with white ; tail
blackish with a broad white band about Jrd of
distance from tip and a second incomplete band
on outer feathers ; body below regularly banded
with silvery white and slaty grey.
55
156. Asturina nitida nitida (Lath.), Ind. Orn
p. 41 (1790). [Cayenne'].
Shining Buzzard -Hawk,
[Not seen.]
156a. Asturina nitida pallida Todd, Proc. Biol. Soc,
Wash., xxviii., p. 170 (1915).
Above ashy-grey without white bars; head and
nape lighter ; tail with whitish band across
middle with remains of another nearer base,
below banded as-^. n. nitida, except on breast,
which is ashy-grey with black shaft stripes.
157. Asturina plagiata Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, i.,
Asturinee, p. 1 (1862), [Vera Cruz].
Mexican Goshawk.
S.E. Brazil,
Amazonia,
Guiana,
Colombia to
Panama.
Bolivia.
Costa Rica,
N. to S.
Arizona and
Lower Rio
Grande
Valley.
Gen. XXXV. RUPORNLS Kaup (1844).
Feet and claws much smaller and weaker.
Size rather smaller than Asturina.
Length (J 14. wing 8.70 in. ; above pale ashy-
grey ; tail light ashy with 3 broad bands of
black ; inner webs of wing quills rufous,
barred with black, outer webs and tips ashy
brown ; below white, barred with pale
rufous or rufous ashy, the chest and throat
nearly uniform.
158. Eupornis magnirostris magnirostris (Gmel.j,
S.N., i., p. 282 (1788). [Catjenne].
Larse -billed Hawk.
[Not seen.]
158a. Rupornis magnirostris occidus Bangs, Pr. Biol.
Soc, Wash., xxiv., p. 187 (1911). [Rio
Tembopata.]
Bangs 's Hawk.
Above browner ; tail with interspaces ashy.
158b. Rupornis magnirostris griseicauda Ridgw., Pr.
15^. t!^. ^YL., xvi., p. 47, (1873) [Mexico ?]
Bos. Soc
Guiana,
Venezuela,
Colombia,
Peru, Lesser
Antilles.
Peru .
Mexico to
Guatemala
and N.
Nicaragua
56
158c,
Smaller ; much paler (smoke grey) above ;
slightly paler below.
Rupornis magnirostris conspecta, Peters, Auk, Yucatan
1913, p. 370 [San Ignacio.] Peninsula.
158cl.
Tail with the interspaces rufous instead of
ashy ; below buff banded with rufous, throat
and chest ashy.
Rupornis magnirostris ruficauda (Scl. & Sal v.),
P.Z.S., 1869, p. 133 [Type loc. sugg. David,
W. Panama, Chapm.].
Red-tailed Hawk.
Insular race.
]58e. Rupornis magnirostris gracilis Ridgw., Pr.
U.S.N. Mus., viii., p. 94 (1885). [CozumelL]
Centra]
America
(S. Nicaragua
to Panama.)
Cozumel
I. Yucatan.
Length $ 14.50, wing 10 in. ; tail dark brown
imperfectly banded with white and shaded
with dull rufous ; below dark rufous narrowly
banded with white.
158f. Rupornis magnirostris ridgwayi Cory, Auk, i.,
p. 4 (1884). [S. Domingo].
Larger ; above brown, darker on head ; quills
paler rufous than in R. m. ruficauda, and with
bases pale rufous externally ; tail pale rufous
banded with dark brown ; below buffy -white,
very narrowly and indistinctly barred with
pale rufous.
158g. Rupornis magnirostris pucherani, J. & E. Verr.
Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1855, p. 350 [type loc.
sugg. Paraguay, Brab. & Chubb.]
Above ashy brown, head much clearer ; tail
with the interspaces ashy-brown ; throat
ashy-grey ; chest pale rufous, rest of under
parts fulvous barred with pale rufous.
158h. Rupornis magnirostris natter eri (Scl. &
Salv.) P.Z.S. 1869, p. 132. [Sao Paulo et
Mattogrosso.]
Natterer's Hawk.
Uniform black, lower upper tail -co verts and
base of tail white ; tail black, with a single
band of ashy-brown ; tibial plumes rufous ;
under tail-coverts buffv-white.
Haiti and S.
S. Domingo.
Paraguav,
S.E. Brazil,
Bolivia,
Argentina.
S.E. & C.
Brazil.
57
159. Rupornis leucorrhos (Quoy et Gaim.), Voy. Brazil to
de rUraii. p. 91, pi. 13 (1824). [Brazil] Peru,
White -rumped Hawk. Colombia,
Venezuela.
Gen. XXXVI. BUSARELLUS Lafr. (1842.)
Size of Buteo ; sole of foot covered with rugose and
throny spicules (like that of Pandion) tip of upper
mandible much curved.
Above bright chestnut, with narrow black
shaft stripes ; outermost wing-coverts and
quills black ; basal half of tail chestnut
banded with black, apical half black with
narrow white tip ; head and neck creamy
buff ; lower throat black ; below chestnut.
160. Busarellus nigricoUis (Lath.), Ind. Orn. 1, p.
35 (1790). [Cayenne.]
Black-collared Hawk.
Brazil,
Guiana,
Peru,
Paraguay.
Gen. XXXVII. BUTEOGALLUS Less. (1831.)
Size nearly the same ; outer toe hardly longer than
inner ; soles of feet smooth, wings short of tail
by less than length of hind toe.
Plumage above black, with rufous margins on
mantle and wing-coverts ; quills bright
chestnut, the outer webs black ; tail black
with white tip and indistinct median band of
white ; throat blackish ; below rufous,
narrowly barred with black.
161. Buteogallus mquinoctialis (Gmel.), S.N. i. Guiana ;
p. 265 (1788). [Cayenne.] Colombia,
Equinoctial Buzzard. Paraguay.
Gen. XXXVIII. URUBITINGA Lafr. (1837).
Rather larger : tarsus scutellate before and
behind, reticulated laterally ; distance between tips
of wing and tail greater than length of hind toe ;
secondaries nearly as long as primaries ; general
plumage black.
Above and below black ; upper tail-coverts
mostly white ; basal haK of tail white with a
broad black band ; apical half black with
white tip.
58
162. Urubitinga urubitinga urubitinga (Gmel.),
S.N. i., p. 265 (1788). [Brazil.]
Brazilian Eagle.
Under wing-coverts and tibiae with more
white ; tail with less white and an extra
black bar.
162a. Urubitinga urubitinga ridgwayi Gurney,
List Diurn. Bds. Prey, p. 77, 148 (1884).
[Guatemala.']
liidgway's Black Hawk.
162 b. Urubitinga urubitinga subtilis Thayer and
Bangs, Bull. Mus. Harvard, xlvi. p. 94.
(1905). [Gorgona I.]
Gorgon a Black Hawk.
Black above and below ; upper and under tail-
coverts narrowly tipped with white ; tail
with a broad white median band and white
tip.
163. Urubitinga anthracina anthracina (Licht.),
Preis. Verz. ; Vogel, Mexico, etc., p. 3 (1830).
[Mexico.]
Mexican Black Hawk.
Doubtful form ; said to be dark chocolate
brown with 2 more or less distinct extra
white bands at base of tail.
163a Urubitinga anthracina gundlachii Cab., J.
f.O. (1854). [Cuba.]
Cuban Black Hawk.
Chile,
Argentina,
Paraguay,
E. Peru,
Brazil,
Venezuela,
Guiana,
C. America
to Costa Rica
Guatemala
and Mexico.
S.W.
Colombia.
Tropical
America to
W. Indies,
Guatemala,
Mexico and
Arizona.
Cuba.
Gen. XXXIX. LEUCOPTERNIS Kaup (1847).
Similar in structure to Urubitinga ; nostril nearly
circular ; tarsus not more than twice as long
as middle toe ; plumage usually more white than
black.
Plumage uniform bluish slate colour ; tail
black, with a white median band and white
tip.
59
1 64 . Leucopternis
GEfv. K. Vet. Akad.
[Brazil.]
Slate-coloured Hawk.
schistacea (Sundev.)
Forh. 1849, p. 132.
E. Peru
Colombia,
C. and N.E.
Brazil.
164a.
Smaller : Uniform leaden grey ; wings and tail
black, latter with a median bar of ashy-
white ; under wing-coverts white and tibial
plumes barred with same.
Leucopternis schistacea plumbea Salv., Ibis, Ecuador,
1872, p. 240, pi. viii. [Ecuador.] W. Colombia
Plumbeous Hawk.
165.
165a.
General plumage white ; head streaked with
black, neck all round white ; mantle and
wing-coverts black varied with white ; quills
black ; tail white with broad sub-terminal
black band.
Leucopternis albicollis alhicollis (Lath.), Ind.
Orn. 1, p. 36 (1790). [Cayenne.]
White -collared Hawk.
Similar, but rather smaller and with head
plumbeous ; upper parts plumbeous instead
of black ; black sub-terminal band on tail
narrower.
Leucopternis albicollis occidentalis
Ibis. 1876, p. 496. [Puna I.]
Puna White -collared Hawk.
Guiana,
Trinidad,
Venezuela,
N. Brazil.
Salv. W. Ecuador.
166.
Larger ; above and below white ; tail with
broad sub-terminal black band ; greater
wing-coverts and secondaries black tipped
with white ; primaries black.
Leucopternis ghiesbrechti, Du Bus. Esq. S. Mexico
Orn. pi. 1 (1845). [S. Mexico.] to
Ghiesbrecht's Hawk. Panama.
161
Above blackish-slate, most of feathers tipped
or barred with white ; head, neck and under-
parts white ; basal half of tail black, ter-
minal white.
Leucopternis palliata (Pelz.), Sitz. Akad.
Wien. xliv., p. 11. (1861, ex Natterer.)
[Ypanema.]
Mantled Hawk.
S. Brazil.
60
N.E.Brazil
Above more slate coloured, with less white
variegation : neck shaded with greyish :
tail with narrow siib-terniinal black band on
Avhite apical half.
168. Leucopternis lacernulata (Temm.), PI. Col. S.E.Brazil
1, pi. 437 (1827) [Brazil]
White-headed Hawk.
Smaller : above slate-black ; above eye a
white strii^e, and nai)e streaked and margined
with same ; tail black, tipped with ashy-
brown, with a median band of white ; below
white narrowly streaked with black on sides
of chest.
169. Leucopternis kuhli Bp., Consp. Av. 1, p. 19,
1849. [Para.]
White-browed Hawk.
Above black ; head, neck and lower parts
white ; lores and stripe behind eye black ;
cro^vn and nape streaked with black ; tail
black with broad band of white about -Jrd
from end.
170. Leucopternis melanops (Lath.). Ind. Orn. 1, p.
37 (1790). [Caijenne.]
Black-faced Hawk.
Above uniform plumbeoTis ; wings and tail
black ; latter with a narrow band of white
near middle ; below white with a few black
shaft stripes on sides of breast.
171. Ijeucopternis semi -plumb ea (Lawr.) Ann.
Lye. N.Y. vii., p. 288 (1861). [Panama.]
Semi -plumbeous Hawk.
Above, also throat andforeneck, slaty-black,
below white narrowly barred with black ;
tail black with a median band of white, and a
few anterior incomplete bars of same.
172. Leucopternis jjrinceps Sclat., P.Z.S. 1865, p.
429, pi. xxiv. [Costa Eica.]
Barred Hawk.
Guiana ;
N. Brazil
Colombia
and Panama
to Costa
Rica.
Costa
Rica.
N. Ecuador.
Gen. XL. HARPYHALIAETUS Lafr. (1842.)
Much larger than Buteo ; Head with a long
occipital crest ; tail short, not three times as long
as tarsus.
61
173.
Length ad. 33, wing 22 in. ; tail 13.5 in. ;
above and below ashy-brown, shaded with
chocolate ; quills blackish ; secondaries ashy-
grey mottled with black and with a broad
sub-terminal band of same ; tail black,
tipped with white, with broad white median
band, and a second indistinct one nearer base.
Harpyhaliaetus coronatus coronatus (Vieill.)
N. Diet, xiv., p. 237 (1817). [Paraguay.]
Cro"\vned Harpy.
Paraguay,
Bolivia,
Patagonia.
S. Brazil,
Much darker ; general colour bluish-blacls ,
shaded with chocolate ; crest much shorter ,
173a. Harpyhaliaetus coronatus solitarius Tsch.
Arch, f . Katurg. 1844, p. 264. [Peru].
Solitary Harpy.
Chili,
Peru,
Ecuador,
Colombia.
Gen. XLI. MORPHNUS Cuv. (1817 )
Size similar ; head crested ; tail long, more
than four times as long as tarsus ; toes very
short ; claws large.
Length $ 36, wing 19.3, tail 17 in. ; above
brownish-black ; head and neck greyish -
brown ; Avings barred with lighter ashy-
brown ;' tail black, tipped with whitish and
with from 3 to 5 bands of ashy- brown ; chest
ashy- brown ; below white barred with rufous
or brown.
174. Morphnus guianensis guianensis (Daud.), Guiana,
Traite, ii., p. 78 (1800). [Guiana]. E. Peru,
Guiana Crested Eagle. Paraguay,
Colombia.
Crown and sides of head dark slate ; above
blackish-brown ; wing-coverts more con-
spicuously barred with white ; tail with 4
bands of white, mottled and tinged with
brownish-grey ; throat and upper breast
blackish ; below closely barred with black
and white.
174a. Morphnus guianensis tceniatus Gurney, Ibis, Ecuador.
1879, p. 176, pi. iii. [Sarayacu.].
Ecuadorian Crested Eagle.
62
Gen. XLII. THRASAETUS Gray (1837
Larger ; bill robust, culmen much curved ; feet
very powerful ; tarsus almost entirely bare, the
scutallse rough and irregular ; claws very large and
strong ; head with broad depressed crest, erectile.
Length 38 in. ; wing 22.30 ; above, also crest
and chest -patch, ashy grey ; tail irregularly
barred with black ; head, neck and under-
parts white.*
175. Thrasaetus harpyia (Linn.) S.N.,, i., p. 86 Paraguay
(1758) [Mexico]. and Brazil;
Great Harpy Eagle. N. to Mexico.
Gen. XLIII. HARPYOPSIS Salvad. (1875).
Size large ; head crested ; tail long and rounded.
Length about 34 in. ; wing 19 in. ; above
dusky brown ; below dirty white ; chest
greyish : tail with 6 indistinct transverse
bands.
17G. Harpyopsis novce-guince Salvad., Ann. Mus. S.E. New
Civ. Genov., vii., p. 682 (1875). [Yule Island.'] Guinea.
New Guinea Hawk-Eagle.
SUB. FAM. IV. GYPAETINiE.
Gen. XLIV. GYPAETUS Storr (1784).
Nostrils hidden by stiff bristles : chin with a long tuft of black
bristles ; tarsus more or less feathered.
Size large : length 41 in. ; wing 29.50 ; head
white, a line each side of crown and another
below ear black ; general j)lumage above
black with white shafts ; wings and tail brown
and scapulars washed -with ochraceous
brown ; below tawnj^ ; tarsus feathered to
the toes.
177. Gypaetus barbatus grandis Storr, Alpen-
reise vom Jahr 1781, p. 69 (1784 ) [Switzer-
land.]
Bearded Vulture.
* Immature birds are black above and on chest
below white.
Spain,
Alps and S.E.
Europe,
Central Asia,
Himalayas.
N. China,
head and neck ashy-grey ;
63
177a.
Below warmer tawny reddish.
Gypaetus barbatus barbatus (Linn.)
p. 87. (1758.) [Africa.-]
Atlas Bearded Vulture.
S.N.I,
177b.
Length 38 in. ; wing 29 in. ; cheeks white
without the black markings : tarsus bare
towards lower part .
Gypaetus barbatus meridionalis, Keys, and
Bias., Wirbelt. Europ. p. xxviii. (1840). [S.
Africa.]
Southern Bearded Vulture.
Atlas Mtns.
N. Africa
(Morocco,
Algeria,
Tunis.)
S. .Africa,
Nubia,
Abyssinia.
SUB. FAM. V. AQUILINE.
Outer toe connected to middle toe hy membrane :
tibia much longer than tarsus, which is reticulated
on hinder aspect and generally more or less clothed
with feathers ; bill large, long and powerful ; cutting
edge of upper mandible festooned, but not toothed ;
wings long ; tail moderate ; sexes generally alike.
Tail
Gen. XLV. UROAETUS Kaup (1844).
strongly graduated, wedge-shaped ; tarsi
clothed with feathers all round to base of toes.
Size large ; length 38, wing 24.2 in. ; general
colour above and below black, browner on
wings ; nape tawny chestnut ; upper tail-
coverts brown mottled with white ; tail
feathers white at base of inner web.
178. Uroaetus audax audax (Lath.) Ind. Orn.
Suppl. p. ii (1801). [Neio South Wales.]
Wedge-tailed Eagle.
E. & W.
Australia,
Tasmania.
Gen. XLVI. AQUILA Briss. (1760),
Tail nearly square or moderately rounded ; tarsi
feathered all round : toes reticulated above, except
last phalanx which is scaled ; head without crest ;
claws powerful and curved.
Length (?) 37, wing 26 in. ; plumage black,
with back, rump and some of scapulars white ;
immature fawn colour, tail uniform.
179. Aquila verreauxi Less., Cent. Zool. p. 105,
taf. 38 (1830). [Interior of Cape of Good
Hope.]
S. Africa,
N.E. Africa
(Abyssinia)
Palestine
(occ.)
64
ISO.
Length c? 32, wing 23-24.5 in. ; $ average
length 35.5, wing 26-27.50 in. ; general
plumage above blackish- brown, with paler
margins : crown brown ; nape and hind neck
tawny rufous (W. Europe ; much paler in E.
European birds.) ; tail blackish at apical
fourth, browner towards base, middle ir-
regularly banded with grey ; below blackish
with brown bases to the feathers ; in younger
birds basal half of tail white, centre mottled
brown, apical third black.
Aquila chrysaetos chrysaUos (Linn.), S.N.i.,
p. 88 (1758). [Europe.]
Golden Eagle.
Averaging smaller ; plumage darker and
duller.
Aquila chrysaetos occidentalis, Olphe-Galliard
Faune. Orn. Eur. Occ, ii, fasc. xviii. p. 23.
(Mar. 1889.) [Spain.]
Spanish Golden Eagle.
Larger : length $ 40, wing 27.9 in. ; colour
generally brighter.
180b. Aquila chrysaetos daphanea, Hodgs. in Gray's
Zool. Misc'. p. 81 (1844). [Nom nud.-Nepal.]
Menz. Orn. Turkest, 1, p. 75 (1888). [Haute
Asie.]
Himalayan Golden Eagle.
Large and more rufous ; max. length $ 40 in.;
wing 27 in. [Doubtfully distinct.]
180c. Aquila chrysaetos canadensis (Linn.) S.N.i,
p. 88 (1758) [Canada.']
American Golden Eagle.
180a.
Smaller ; wing ^J 23. 5 in.; head and neckabove
dull yellowish isabelline ; forehead marked
with dark brown, and nape tinged with
rufous ; general plumage blackish-bro^vn :
some of the scapulars pure white ; tail dark
grey with broad terminal blackish band ;
immature brown ; tail uniform.
Europe,
N. Asia to N
China.
Spain and
N. Africa
(Morocco,
Algeria,
Tunis.)
High
Central
Asia,
Himalayas.
N. America
Arctic
Regions
S.to
California
and
Alleghenies in
N. Carolina.
65
181 . Aquila heliaca heliaca Savigiiv, Descr. Egypte
Ois. p. 82, pi. 12 (1809). '^ [Upper Egypt.]
Imperial Eagle.
(Size similar ; forehead and crown blackish
brown : edge of wing and some of scapulars
white, forming a conspicuous shoulder patch ;
immature fawn colour, tail uniform.
Aquila heliaca adalberti Brehm, Ber. Vers,
deutsch. Orn. Ges. 1860, p. 60. (1861.)
[Spain.]
White -shouldered Eagle.
181a.
182.
Rather smaller : length 5 30, wing 23 in. ;
plumage brown, paler below ; head brown,
nape patch fulvous ; quills, larger scapulars
and tail blackish-brown, latter with fulvous
tip and obsolete ashy bars ; edge of wing
white, forming conspicuous white shoulder ;
immature ashy-brown, tail darker, with
terminal band of fawn.
Aquila nipalensis nipalensis Hodgs., Asiat.
Res. xviii, pt. 2, pi. 1, pp. 13-16 (1833).
[Nepal.]
Eastern Steppe Eagle.
Smaller: wing^ 21.50, $ 22.50.
182a. Aquila nipalensis orientalis Cab., J. f. O.
1854, p. 369. [Sarepfta, Volga.]
Western Steppe Eagle.
Length 2 31, wing 22 in. ; c? length 28,
wing 20 in. ; general colour above and below
tawny to rufous brown ; head and neck
somewhat marked with darker brown ;
scapulars and wing-coverts darker brown,
blotched with pale brown ; quills and tail
blackish-brown, with indications of greyish
bars ; under parts streaked with darker
brown ; immature tawny, tail brown tipped
with fulvous.
183. Aquila rapax rapax (Temm.) PI. Col., pi.
455 (1828). [Pte. merid. de VAfrique.]
Tawny Eagle.
S.E. Europe
to C. Asia,
N. India,
China, Burma,
Spain ; N.W.
Africa.
Central Asia
N.W. India,
and E.
Siberia ; in
winter to
Africa.
Steppes of
S.E. Europe
and W. Asia.
Africa, from
Cape Colony
N. to C. and
E. Africa ;
C. Asia and
N.W. India.
66
General colour pale clay or ochraceous
colour.
183a. Aquila rapax albicans Riipp., Neue Wirbeltli.
p. 34, pi. 13 (1835). [Prov. Simen, Abys.]
RiippeH's Tawny Eagle.
Size similar : length ^ 28. wing 20.5 in. ;
general colour fulvous brown, paler on head
and neck and below, above with lighter
margins to the feathers, especially on wing-
coverts : tail dark brown with fulvous tip
and 8 or 9 indistinct greyish bars on centre
feathers.
183b. Aquila rapax vindhiana Frankl., P. Z.8.
1831, p. 114. [Vindhya Mtns,, Central India.]
Indian Tawny Eagle.
Smaller ; head, neck all round and inter-
scapulary region chocolate brown.
183c. Aquila rapax belisarins (Levaill. jun.) Expl.
Sc. Alg. Ois. pi. 2 (1850). [Guelma, N.E.
Algeria.']
Algerian Tawny Eagle.
Nostrils round ; length, $, about 29, wing
21.50-23 in.; (J, wing 20 in.; plumage above
and below blackish brown ; tail unbarred ;
younger birds purplish brown, much spotted
with brownish- buff above and striped below :
tail blackish, barred dark brown.
184. Aquila clanga Pall., Zoogr. Rosso -Asiat., i,
p. 351 (1827). [In Rossia Sibiriaque uni-
versa.]
Greater Spotted Eagle
N.E. Africa
(Abysinia,
Somaliland),
Arabia.
Indian
Peninsula
and
Himalayas
Algeria.
E. & S.E.
Europe,
south to
Balkans, E.
to Turkestan,
S. Siberia,
N. India and
China ; in
winter to
N.E. Africa,
India,
Burma ; cas.
Brit. Isles.
Smaller ; wing ? 19-20 in. ; ^ 17.70-19 in. ;
plumage browner : crown and nape creamy
brown : tail feathers with obsolete lighter
67
185.
18.1
bars ; younger birds less spotted than those
of A. clanga and tail unbarred : nape patch
ochraceous rufous.
Aquila jpomarina Brehm, Vog. Deutschl.,
p. 27 (1831). [Pomerania.^
Lesser Spotted Eagle.
Sexes nearly similar in size ; wing § 19.50, c;^
19.15 in ; bill more feeble, tarsi more slender ;
wings generally exceeding tail in length ;
least wing-coverts with small spots of white
in immature birds.
Aquila 2^omarina hastata (Less.), Vog. Belang.
ZooL, p. 217 (1834). [Bengali
Long-legged Eagle.
C. Europe
from N. Ger-
many to
Bessarabia ;
cas. W.
Europe ; in
winter to
N.E. Africa.
Indian
Peninsula
Burmese
countries.
Gen. XLVII. HIERAAETUS Kaup (1844)
General characters of Aquila, but bill more slender ;
tarsi feathered to the toes.
Length $ 26, wing 21 in. ; wing (J 19.6 m. ;
above deep brown, feathers mostly with
paler margins and white bases ; tail ashy, with
broad sub-terminal dark brown band, and 5
or 6 indistinct bars ; below white, with black-
ish-brown shaft stripes, the flanks and legs
bufhsh. barred with black.
186. Hieraaetus fasciatus fasciatus (Vie ill.), Mem,
Soc. Linn. Paris, ii., pt. 2, p. 152 (1822).
[Montpellier.]
Bonelli's Eagle.
»
[Smaller but doubtful form.]
186a.. Hieraaelns fasciatus minor Erlanger
1904, p. 187, taf.x., fig. 42.
J.f.O.
S. Europe (S.
France and
Spain to S.
Russia),
Asia Minor,
Turkestan,
Palestine,
India, China,
X. Africa.
S. Arabia ; E.
Africa
(Somaliland,
.Mozambique).
I
08
Wing $ 18.3 in. ; above blackish-brown,
mottled with white ; below purer white
streaked with black on breast, and with large
spots on under tail -coverts ; under Aving-
co verts black.
186b. Hieraaetus fasciatus spilogaster (Bp.), Rev. et
Mag. Zool.. 1850, p. 487 [Abyssinia, ex Du
Bus. M.S.].
African Hawk-Eagle.
Tropical
Africa ; rare
S. Africa.
m
187.
Smaller ; wing $ ] 6.5, cJ 14.0 ; above brown,
head and neck isabelline ; tail with obsolete
darker bars on outer feathers ; below white,
throat and breast washed with fawn and
streaked with reddish brown or blackish ;
species subject to variation : younger birds
dull brown below with black shaft -stripes,
and a white shoulder patch.
Hieraaetus pennatus (Gmel.), S.N., i., p. 272
(1788) [ex Brisson, I. c.].
Booted Eagle.
S. Europe
(Spain to i
Russia) ;
Africa, 0.
Asia, India,
Ceylon.
188.
Smaller, and with a short occipital crest ;
length ad. 21.5 in. , wing 15 in. ; above
brown, croAvn darker ; crest, neck and under-
surface rufous, Avith black shaft-streaks ; tail
mottled greyish-brown, with 7 or 8 dark
brown bars.
Hieraaetus morphnoides morphnoides (Gould),
P.Z.S., 1840, p. 161 (1841). [Upper Hunter,
N.S.W.]
Little Eagle.
E. and W.
Australia.
Below heavily striped with dark brown.
189. Hieraaetus weiskei Reichenow, Orn. M.B., S.E. New
viii., p. 185 (1900). [Astrolabe Mtns.] Guinea.
New Guinea Little Eagle.
Below pale isabelline : tail with 7 dark bands.
190. Hieraaetus ayresi Gurney, Ibis, 1862, p. 149, Tropical
pi. iv. [Natal.] Africa to S.
Ayres' Little Eagle [=Lophotriorchis lucani Africa.
Sharpe.]
69
191
Length $26, wing 18 in. ; head with distinct
occipital crest : plumage above brown, with
23aler margins ; tail dark brown, tipped with
whitish, with obsolete lighter bars on inner
webs of feathers ; below whity brown, varied
with dark brown on throat and breast.
Hieraaetus wahlbergi (Sundev.) CEfv. K. Akad.
Stocldi., 1850, -p. 109. [Caffraria superiori
propre 2^° I at.]
Tropical
Africa.
I
Gen. XLVIII. LOPHOTRIORCHIS Sharpe (1874).
Head with a long wedge-shaped crest.
Length 21, wing 14.1 in. ; above black ; cheeks,
throat and breast white ; below tawny rufous,
with black shaft -stripes.
192. LopJiotriorcMs kieneri (Geofir. St. Hilaire), Indian
Rev. Zool., 1845, pi. 35. [Himalaya]. Peninsula,
Kiener's Crested Eagle. Ceylon, Indo-
Chinese
Provinces,
Malay
Peninsula to
Celebes and
Lesser Sunda
Islands.
Larger • length 26.5, wing 20.2, crest 3.3 in. ;
above glossy-black : tail ashy-grey, basal
third black ; throat black ; below tawny
rufous wdth black shaft-streaks ; flanks black
193. Lophotriorchis isidorei (Des Murs), Rev. Zool., Colombia.
1845, p. 177. [Santa Fe de Bogota.]
Isidore's Crested Eagle.
Gen. XLIX. ICTINAETUS Jerd. (1844).
Head crested ; claws nearly straight, the circum-
ference of inner claw exceeding the length of
outer toe (which is very short).
Wing 20-20.50 in. ; black ; the quills
mottled with white near base ; tail feathers
])arred with ashy above, mottled with white
Ijelow
194. Ictinaetus malayensis malayensis (Temm.).
PL Col. i., pi. 117 (1824). [ex Eeinw. MS.]
Malayan Crested Easfle.
Malay
Archipelago
(Sumatra,
Borneo, etc.]
70
Larger ; wing ^ 21.50.
1 94a . Ictinaetus malayensis perniger Hodgs . , J nl . As ,
Soc. Bengal, v., 1836, p. 227. [Nepal.]
Indian Crested Eagle.
India,
Ceylon,
Burma,
Malaj'
Peninsula,
Gen. L. SPIZIASTUR Gray (1841).
Head crested ; claws curved and powerful ; the
circumference of inner claw about equal to length
of outer toe and claw.
Length 9. 24 in., ^ 21 in. ; wing $ 16.4, <S 15
in. ; above blackish, quills and tail ashy
brown, slightly tipped with fulvous and
banded with l)lack ; head, neck and under
surface white.
105. Spiziastur melanoleucus (Vieill.), X. Diet., iv.,
p. 482 (1816). [Guiana]
Black and White Crested Eagle.
Central & S.
America.
Gen. LI. SPIZAETUS Vieill. (1816).
Tarsi feathered as before ; crest sometimes fully
developed, sometimes absent ; wings short, falling
short of tail by more than length of crest.
Length $ 28.5 in., wing 16.2 in. ; (J 24, wing
13.4 in. ; occipital crest 3 in. long ; sides and
back of neck bright rufous ; above black,
feathers brown at base ; wings brown, barred
with blackish ; tail brown with 4 or 5 blackish
bands ; below white, chest slightly streaked
and abdomen broadly banded with black ; on
each side of face below eye a black mous-
tachial band. Young much browner and
with 6 bands on tail.
196, Spizaetus ornatus (Baud.), Traite, ii., p
(1800). [Cayenne.]
Manduit's Hawk-Eagle.
77 Central and
S. America,
S. to Para
guay.
Size about the same ; above and below black,
browner on wings ; under surface of wing with
3 irregular bands of white ; upper and under
tail coverts slightly spotted with white ; tail
71
black with 4 bands of ashy bro^vll. Young
browner above and more spotted with white
below ; tail with 6 bands.
197. Spizaetus tyrannus (Wied), Reis. Bras., i., p.
300 (1820)'. [Eio Belmonte].
Tyrant Hawk-Eagle.
Larger; length $ 38 in., wing 27.5. Above
dark sepia brown ; feathers of head and neck
with whitish brown margins and white bases ;
wings barred with blackish ; tail with 6 bands
of ashy grey ; fore neck and chest dark
brown ; throat and under ])arts Avhite,
sparingly spotted with dark brown, esi^ecially
on flanks. Young paler above, more buify
white belov/, the spots nearly absent and with
about 11 bands on tail.
198. Spizaetus hellicosus (Daud.), Traite, ii., p. 38
( 1 800) . [Great Namaqualand.]
Martial Hawk-Eagle.
Rather smaller ; above black ; wings brown ;
quills externally shaded Avith pale ashy grey,
and with a broad subterminal band of black ;
tail with 2 broad bands of ashy grey and
remains of a third : throat black ; below
yellowish buff, whiter towards vent, broadly
banded with black, the chest almost uniform ;
under wing coverts chestnut. Young above
brown with indistinct darker bands and
whitish margins ; tail with 3 lighter bands ;
below white.
199. Spizaetus coronatus (Linn.), 8.N., ed. xii., i.,
p. 124 (1766). [Guinea in W. Africa.]
Crowned Hawk-Eagle.
Central and
S. America,
from Guate-
mala to S.E.
Brazil.
S. .Africa, K.
Africa, N. to
Shoa,
Abyssinia,
and Bogos-
land ; Nigeria.
S. and W.
Africa.
Smaller ; length ? 32 in., wing 20 ; (J length
28 in., wing 18.50, crest 2.8 in. ; above
blackish brown, with paler margins, especially
to feathers of head and hind neck ; wings
paler, banded with dark brown ; tail ashy
brown with 4 blackish brown bands ; throat
white, with black central stripe ; chest fawn
72
with black shaft streaks ; below brown
spotted and barred with white. Young have
head and neck white with dark centres to the
feathers ; tail with 6 darker bands ; below
white, slightly streaked with dark brown ;
flanks brown.
200. Spizaetits nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgs.) Jnl.
As. Soc. Beng., v., p. 229 (1836) [Nepal].
Himalayan Hawk-Eagle.
Himalayas,
tS. in winter
to plains of
India and
Malay
Peninsula ;
China ?
Ceylon.
With the white bands below broader and more
regular.
200a. Spizaetus nipalensis kelaarti Legge, Ibis, 1878,
p. 202 [Ceylon].
Mountain Hawk-Eagle.
Larger ; (J about equal to 5 of typical race.
200b. Spizaetus nipalensis orientalisTemm.&Schleg. N. Japan,
in Siebold's Faun. Jap. Aves, p. 7, pi. 3 (text
1844, pi. 1845) [Japan.]
Japanese Hawk-Eagle.
[Not separable unless a breeding bird in China.]
200c. Spizaetus nijMlensis fokiensis, W. Sclat. in China.
MS. Cat. Accip. Coll. Brit. Mus. K Ah
Chhing, Fokien Prov. China, Coll. BM.]
Chinese Hawk-Eagle.
Length 5 32 in., wing 17.8 ; (J wing 16 in.
Above brown ; feathers of hind neck and
mantle with pale bases and black shaft
streaks ; crest black, 3.8 in. long ; wing quills
rich brown, barred with blackish ; tail with
broad blackish subterminal band and 3
narrower bands ; throat white with central
black stripe and bordered by 2 black mous-
tachial stripes ; below brown, more rufous
and mottled with white on chest.
201. Spizaetus cirrhatus cirrhatus {Gmel.),S.^.,i., Indian
p. 274 (1788) [hidia]. Peninsula.
Indian Hawk-Eagle.
Smaller ; wing 15.20 — ^14 in.
201a. Sjnzaetus cirrhatus ceylonensis (Gmel.), S.N., Ceylon,
i., p. 275 [Ceylon].
Ceylonese Hawk-Eagle.
73
Small insular race.
201b. Spizaetus cirrhatus andamanensis Tytler, Andaman
Proc. As. Soc. Beng., 1865, p. 112 {Port Islands.
Blair, And. Is. \
Andaman Hawk-Eagle.
Size of 8. c. cirrhatus, but with crest very
slight ; with dusky jjhase {8. limnaet as Hor si.]
nearly uniform chocolate brown, and pale
phase [8. caligatus (Raffles)] dark brown
above, below white with large longitudinal
brown markings, the thighs barred.
201c. 8pizaetus cirrhatus limnaetus (Horsf.), Tr. Java,
Linn. Soc, xiii., j). 138 (1821) [Java.]. Sumatra,
Javan Hawk-Eagle. Penang.
Larger ; below white, without the dark
markings.
201d. 8pizaetus cirrhatus floris, Hart., Nov. ZooL, v.,
p. 46 (1898).
Smaller ; length ad. 22.50, wing 13 in. ;
above black with occipital crest, tipped with
white, 2.75 in. long ; wing quills brown, tipped
white, barred with black and with broad black
subterminal band ; tail ashy brown, with
broad basal and subterminal bands of black ;
below white, breast with large black spots and
belly banded with black.
202. Spizaetus alboniger (Blvth), Jnl. As. Soc.
Beng., xiv., p. 173 {IS4:5) [Malacca].
Rather larger, length 25 in., wing 14.75,
crest 2.50 in. ; above dark umber brown ;
crest with base of feathers white ; tail paler
brown with 7 darker bands ; throat as in
8. c. cirrhatus ; below yellowish rufous ; chest
heavily marked with dark brown lanceolate
spots ; thighs and under tail-coverts barred
with brown and white.
203. Spizaetus philippnnensis Gurney, in Gould's
Hds. Asia, pt. xv. (1863) [Philipiyine Is.]
Philippine Hawk-Eagle.
Lesser
Sunda Is.
(Flores).
Borneo,
Greater
Sunda Is., .
Malayan
Peninsula,
Tenasserim.
Philippine
Islands.
Larger : length 2 30 in., wing 21
ni.
c?
length 24 in., wing 19.7 in. ; blackish brown,
blacker on head ; lighter and greyer on wings
and tail ; tail with 6 or 7 obsolete bars.
204. Spizaetus gurneyi (Gray), P.Z.S., 1860. p. 342,
pi. 169. [Batchian.]
Gurney's Hawk-Eagle.
Molucca Is.,
Aru Is.,
Waigioii,
New Guinea.
Gen. LII. LOPHOAETUS Kaup (1847)
Crest feathers very long and pendant
feathered as in preceding genera.
tarsi
20o.
Size small ; length (J 21, wing 15.50, crest
4.75 ; (J plumage glossy black, with a bro\\n
shade on wings ; quills white at base, forming
a conspicuous patch, and banded with white
on inner webs below ; tail Avith 3 greyish
bands on middle feathers, becoming broader
and whitish on outer ones ; $ larger and much
browner ; juv. deep chocolate brown.
Lophoaetus occipitalis (Baud.). Trait e, ii., p.
40 (1800). [Anteniquoi country.]
Black-Crested Eagle.
8. Africa to
E. and W.
Tropical
Africa.
ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA (PART I.)
Pao;o
4
No. 7.
4
„ 8.
»'
„ 0.
,,
„ 10.
Gen. X.
,,
No. 14.
,
,, 15.
,,
„ 17.
] 1
„ :}6.
JO
„ 59a.
,,
„ CO.
20
„ COI).
"
„ ()0(>.
O;
„ TO.
TOu.
20
„ 79a.
791).
29
30
:n
95a.
In distribution for S.E. and N.E. read : S. and X.
To distrib. add : Himalayas, Afghanistan.
For distrib. read : Plains of N. India,
In distrib. delete : Abyssinia.
For Jorgoft read : Torqos.
For Jorgos read : Torgos.
For Otogyps read : Torgos.
To distrib. add : Canary Is., Capo Verd Is.
In distrib. after Europe add : N.W. Africa (Morocco).
Tliis is merely a conamon melanism of M. gabar.
For Siberia read : W. Asia (Asia Minor, Palestine
To distrib. add : Japan.
For Astur gentilis candidiffsirmis, etc. read :
Astiir gentilis alhidus Menz. t.c.p. 438 (1882),
After this article add :
Astur iogaster rooki. Roths. & Hart.,
Nov. Zool.,xxi.,p. 288(1914).
After this article add :
Astur clarus rohu^tu^, Zeitz. S.A. Orn
],pt. 1, p. 13(1914).
After this article [I cannot place from description, as it seems
immature] add :
Aster buergersi, Reichenow, Orn. M.B
xxii., p. 29 (1914)
etc.).
Rook Is.
(Admiralty Is.)
Melville Is.,
N. Terr. Austral.
German New
Guinea
(Mao mo bo b erg ) .
97.
97c
For N. Asia read
For distrib. read
W. Asia.
N. and Central
Asia from
Turkestan to
Japan ; in
winter to India,
Kashmir,
Assam, Burma.
98.
99J:
99c
A. nisus granti.
Wetmore, Pr.
119 (1914).
Porto Rico.
30
37
15 10
For Accipiter granti read ;
After this article insert :
Accipiter fuscu^ venator
Biol. Soe. Wash, xxvii., p
102a For pp. 171-6, read : p. 173.
102b, Delete the word : MinuUus.
[Does not appear to be a tenable species,
and is most probably a melanism of
Astur tachiro sparsimfasciatus i\
Delete the word : virgatus. [Not a subspecies of A. virgatns
Xot separable from No. 119. (Hartert).
To be cancelled and following leaf substituted :
however.
No. 63a',
1 19b.
I19d.
I
15
c. Thighs white, barred with orange tawny.
Breast brown with white spots, rest of under
parts barred with orange tawny and white ;
upper tail -co verts white, barred with reddish.
d. Thighs rufous.
Below dark brown, with a white band, marked
with brown, across breast ; upper tai] -coverts
white, tinged with grey and rufous.
Below brown, streaked with white ; upper tail
coverts rufous, tipped with white.
C. cineretis.
C. oerugi-
nosns.
C. ranivorus.
45).
l!la,
'»<►
Gen. XIX. MICRASTUR Gray (1841
Nostrils roinid, with a bony excrescence ; tarsi and
feet large and robust ; tarsus reticulated behind ;
in front covered with small scutellae.
Size large, length, J, 20 in., wing 10.4 ; 9,
about 24 in. ; above blackish with Avhite
nuchal collar ; tail with 3 white bands ; below
white with black shaft lines ; juv. below
barred ; intermediate plumage below pale
ochraceous fawn, as well as sides of face and
nuchal collar.
Micrastur melanoleucm melanoleuctis (V^ieill.)
N.D. X., p. 327 (1817). [Paraguay.]
Collared Harrier -Hawk
Much smaller ; winged [^J 8.00 in. ; tarsi and
feet much smaller and weaker ; white tail
bands above partly obscured by brown patches
in centre and below less extensive ; thos(^ on
outer feathers only 4 in number in place of
iu typical form.
Micrastur melanoleacus buchhyi, subsp. nov.
\iid.,(^'U Sarayacu, Ec. Feb. 1880, Buckley,
P>. Mus. coll.No. 87, 5. 1. 122.]
8. Mexico
to Colombia,
Venezuela,
Brazil and
Paragiuxy.
Ecuador.
Size medium, length ($) 17.5 ; wing U.8 ;
above slate ; tail with 3 bands of ashy-brown
showing white below ; below white with
l)lack shaft lines ; no nuchal collar.
Micrastur mirandollei (Schl.),Nederl . Tijdschr., L'pper E.
i., p. 131 (1863). [Dutch Guiana.] Peru, Guiana j
MirandoUc's Harrier-Hawk. Panaiua.
^
10
Gen. XIXA. CLIMACOCERCUS CAB. (1845.)
Feet very much smaller ; tarsi more slender, with
broad and regular scales in front .
Size small, length ((J) 13 in. ; wing 6.9. Above
slate or rufous (rufous phase) ; tail with 3
greyish white bands ; below greyish white,
barred with greyish black ; throat white,
fore-neck rufous.
51. Climacocercus ruficollis (Vieill.), N. Diet., x.,
p. 322 (1817). [S. America.]
Red-necked Harrier-Hawk.
Above chocolate brown ; tail blackish, Avith
3 narrow white bands ; below thickly barred
with black and white ; throat brown.
51a. Climacocercus zonotlwrax Cab., J.f.O., 1865,
}). 406. \Porlo Cabello, Venez.]
Barred Hairier -Hawl<:.
Above (male) ashy brown (female blackish) ;
tail blackish with 3 irregular white bands (4
in immature) ; below whitish, breast linely
barred with wavy blackish lines ; lower
abdomen white.
52. Climacocercus gilvicollis (Vieill.), N. Diet., x.,
]). 323 (1817). [Patr. ign. : Cayenne ? ]
White -throated Harrier-Hawk.
Above blackish ; tail with 3 irregular white
bands ; throat and cheeks pale grey ; below
dull white, closely barred down to thighs with
blackish.
53. Climacocercus (juerUla'^, (Cass.), Pr. l*hil.
Acad., 1848. p. 87. JTalapa. Mex.]
GrcA-throated Harrier -Hawk .
Venezuela,
Guiana,
Brazil,
Paraguay.
Colombia,
Venezuela.
Colombia cS^
Amazonia to
E. Peru and
to20°S.lat.
in Brazil.
Mexico to
Colombia.
Venezula,
Brazil, and
Ecuador.
Gen. XX. GERANOSPlZlAvS Sundev. (1873).
Tarsus scaled behind ; thighs Avithout overhanging,
tuft of feathers ; ridge of bill greater than half
length of middle toe (without claw) ; commissure
slightly festooned.
Size moderate (length 16.5-24.5 in.).
* In revising thii-g.r6up theflGiliis jugidari-^ and interstes aj^pear to be
untenable and arc iJ^ci'efure omitted.' ^
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PLEASE DO NOT Rl
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM T
UNIVERSITY OF TORON
QL
696
F3S93
1919
PT.2
C 1
BMED
