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UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Tariff Information Series— No. 31
Census of Dyes
and other
Synthetic Organic Chemicals
1922
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1923
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 9999 06317 178 7
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Tariff Information Series — No. 31
Census of Dyes
and other
Synthetic Organic Chemicals
1922
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1923
u « <^,i»oFRmTfK
0^ IJT lCfV>
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Office: Eighth and E Streets NW., Washington, D. C.
COMMISSIONERS.
Thomas O. Marvin, Chairman.
William S. Culbertson, Vice Chairman.
David J. Lewis.
Edward P. Costigan.
William Burgess.
Henry H. Glassie.
John F. Bethune, Secretary.
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
20 CENTS PER COPY
PXmCHASEE AGREES NOT TO RESELL OR DISTRIBUTE THIS-
copy FOR PROFIT. — PUB. RES. 57, APPROVED MAY 11, 1922'
CONTENTS.
Page.
1 iitroduction vii
Part I.
Summary of the census of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1922:
Introductory ?.
Summary of domestic production, 1922 —
Crudes... 3
Intermediates 4
Dyes — ■
Production increases 66 per cent 4
Large price reduction 5
Vat and alizarin dyes increase over 200 per cent 5
Many new dyes produced 5
Quality and standardization of American dyes 5
Relation of production to consumption 6
Production by classes 6
Imports 6
Research 6
Exports — 1922 decrease 6
1923 increase , 7
International dye trade 7
Other finished coal-tar products —
Color lakes 8
Photographic chemicals 8
Medicinals 8
Perfumes and flavors 9
Synthetic phenolic resins 9
Synthetic tanning materials 9
Research chemicals 9
Synthetic organic chemicals other than those derived from coal tar. . . 10
Part II.
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1922:
Coal-tar crudes —
By-product coke exceeds twenty-eight million tons 13
Output of coal-tar crudes 13
Production of crudes by tar refiners 14
Imports of crudes during 1922 14
Intermediates —
Description 17
Production 18
Benzene derivatives 18
Toluene derivatives 20
Naphthalene derivatives 20
Anthracene derivatives 21
New intermediates 22
Dyes and other finished coal-tar products —
Introductory. 29
Dyes — Summary of production in 1922 —
Increased production 30
Large reduction in price of dyes 30
Output of vat and alizarin dyes increases over 200 per cent 33
Many new dyes produced 33
Quality of American dyes 34
Relation of production to consumption 34
The Ruhr occupation 34
III
IV CONTENTS.
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1922 — Continued.
Dyes and other finished coal-tar products — Continued. Page.
Production of dyes by classes 35
Acid 35
Basic 37
Direct cotton : 38
Mordant and chrome 39
Sulphur 40
Vat 41
Color lake and spirit-soluble 43
Food 44
Dye exports from the United States —
1922 exports show large decline 44
1923 exports show increase 45
Other finished coal-tar products —
Color lakes 46
Photographic chemicals 47
Medicinals 47
Flavors and perfume materials 48
Synthetic phenolic resins 49
Synthetic tanning materials 49
Dyes not classified by Schultz number 60
Employees and rates of pay 64
Research work 66
Part III.
Dyes imported for consumption in the United States, 1922 calendar year:
Introductory 69
Important dyes imported 71
Index to table of imports 100
Part IV.
Census of synthetic organic chemicals, not of coal-tar origin, 1922:
Introduction 109
Developments in the industry 109
Synthetic aromatic chemicals 110
Esters 110
Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride 110
Pharmaceuticals 110
Butyl alcohol. 110
Aldehyde ammonia 110
Ethylene and propylene derivatives 110
Mucic acid Ill
Gallic acid and pyrogallic acid Ill
Dihvdroxytartaric acid Ill
Furfural. Ill
Lactic acid Ill
Oxalic acid Ill
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals,
1922 117
Part V.
International dye trade:
Imports and exports of the world's chief dye-consuming and producing
nations, 1913, 1920, 1921, 1922—
Introductory 123
Summary of international dye trade 123
Pre-war production of dyes 124
Dye-consuming nations 124
Developments during and after the war 126
Present conditions and future tendencies 126
Swiss dye industry 127
Raw materials 128
Export trade 129
French dye industry 134
Imports 135
Exports. 136
Groat Britain's dye industry 140
Monthly production of dyes in Germany February, 1920-March, 1923 151
CONTENTS. V
Part VI.
Appendix: Page.
Statistics of imports and exports 167
Statistical Tables.
1. Summary of production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1918-1922 9
2. By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1920-1922 14
3. Production of coal-tar crudes during 1922, by firms not primarily engaged in
the operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses 17
4. Comparison of production of coal-tar crudes, 1921 and 1922, by firms not
primarily engaged in operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses 17
5. Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1922 22
6. Comparison of production of coal-tar intermediates, 1921 and 1922 28
7. Comparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year, 1914, with domestic
production, calendar years, 1917-1922 29
8. Domestic sale prices of dyes, 1917-1922, compared with invoice values of
the same dyes, 1914 32
9. Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-March, 1922 45
10. Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922 50
11. Comparison of production of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1921
and 1922 62
12. Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry, 1922 .... 65
13. Summary of dyes imported for consumption classified by method of appli-
cation in calendar years 1920-1922 71
14. Dyes of each class according to method of application, imported in largest
quantity, 1922 71
15. Imports of dyes, 1922 74
16. Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 Ill
17. Comparison of production of synthetic organic chemicals, 1921 and 1922. . . 115
18. Domestic production of organic chemicals (except coal-tar), 1914, 1919, and
1921 116
19. Synthetic organic chemicals imported in excess of $100 in value, year
ended June 30, 1914 116
20. Imports and production of synthetic organic chemicals (except those of
coal-tar origin), 1922 117
21. Total imports of dyes into chief consuming countries, 1913 and 1921 125
22. German exports of dyes, 1913 126
23. Imports of intermediates into Switzerland, 1911 and 1922 130
24. Exports of dyes from Switzerland, 1913, 1920, and 1921 131
25. Coal-tar dyes — Imports and exports from Switzerland, 1922 133
26. Imports of coal-tar crudes and intermediates into France, 1913 136
27. Imports of coal-tar dyes into France, 1920-1921 138
28. Exports of coal-tar dyes from France, 1920-1921 139
29. Imports of coal-tar dyes into United Kingdom, 1913, 1919, and 1921 143
30. Total imports and exports— United Kingdom, 1920-1922 144
31. Exports of coal-tar dyes from United Kingdom, 1913, 1920-1921 144
32. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Argentina, 1913, 1919, and 1920 145
33. Austria — Coal-tar products, imports and exports, 1920, 1921 146
34. Coal-tar dyes — Imports into and exports from Austria-Hungary, 1913 146
35. Indigo, natural and artificial — Imports into and exports from Belgium,
1913, 1920, and 1921 147
36. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Brazil, 1913, 1920, and 1921 147
37. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Canada, 1913, 1920-1922 148
38. Imports of coal-tar dyes into China, 1913, 1919-1921 148
39. Imports of coal-tar dyes into the Dutch East Indies, 1913, 1920, and 1921. . 149
40. Imports into and reexports of dyes from Egypt, 191.3, 1921, and 1922 150
41. One-quarter production in German dye plants reserved for purchase of
allied and associated governments, February, 1920, to March, 1923 153
42. Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913, 1920, and 1921 155
43. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Germanv, 1913, 1920-1922 157
44. Imports of coal-tar products into British India, 1914, 1920-1922 157
45. Exports of indigo from British India, 1920-1922 158
46. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Japan, 1913, 1919-1921 159
47. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Italy, 1913, 1920, and 1921 159
48. Exports of coal-tar dyes from Italy, 1913, 1920, and 1921 160
49. S^Tithetic organic colors — Imports into and exports from Italy, July-
December, 1921 160
50. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Mexico, 1919-1921 160
VI CONTENTS.
Pag«.
51 . Imports of coal-tar dyes into the Netherlands, 1920 and 1921 161
52. Exports of coal-tar dyes from the Netherlands, 1920 and 1921 161
53. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Russia, 1913 162
54. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Spain, 1914, 1920, and 1921 162
55. Exports of coal-tar dyes from Sweden, 1913, 1920, and 1921 163
56. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Sweden, 1913, 1920, and 1921 163
57. Coal-tar dyes — Imports into and exports from Turkey, March, 1913-March,
1914 164
58. Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, 1917-1922 167
59. General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, 1918-1922 175
60. Domestic exports of coal tar and dyes and dyestuffs, 1918-1922 182
61. Imports and exports of inks and ink powders, 1918-1922 185
INTRODUCTION.
This report is a survey of the domestic dye and synthetic organic
chemical industry in 1922. It presents the results of a special in-
vestigation made by the United States Tariff Commission as to the
production in the United States of coal-tar dyes and also of syn-
thetic organic chemicals, both of coal-tar and of noncoal-tar origin.
There is included a detailed census of dye imports and official pre-
and post-war statistics for the imports and exports of coal-tar dyes
by the large consuming and producing nations of the world.
The survey is divided into six parts as follows :
Part I. — A summary of the census of dyes and other synthetic
organic chemicals, 1922, describes the progress made in the various
branches of the American industry, and analyzes the export and
import trade.
Part II. — A census of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1922 discusses
significant phases of the domestic industry, compares the imports of
dyes in 1914, 1920, 1921, and 1922 with the production from 1917
to 1922, inclusive, and gives detailed data, as to number of employees,
rates of pay, and cost of research in the domestic coal-tar chemical
industry.
Part III. — Contains a census of dyes imported for consumption
mto the United States in 1922.
Part IV. — A census of synthetic organic chemicals other than those
derived from coal tar presents a comparison of production in 1922
with that of 1921, the first year for which such data were compiled.
There are listed those manufacturers whose production in 1922 was
reported to the Tariff Commission.
Part V. — Contains a brief discussion of the international dye trade,
with special reference to the industries of Great Britain, France,
and Switzerland. Official statistics are given for the pre-war year
1913, and the post-war years 1920 and 1921, and where available,
1922, for the exports and imports of dyes by the important consum-
ing and producing nations of the world.
Part VI. — An appendix gives domestic imports and exports of
coal-tar dyes and chemicals during 1922.
In the preparation of this report the Tarifl[ Commission had the
services of Warren N. Watson, Frank Talbot, and C. R. De Long,
of the chemical division of the commission's staff, and of others.
VII
PART I.
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER
I SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1922.
Part I.
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC
ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1922.
Introductory.
The United States Tariff Commission has reported annually, begin-
ning with 1917, the progress of the American dye industry. Since
1919 production figures on dyes and other coal-tar chemicals have
been supplemented by a detailed census of dye imports. There is in
addition, in the report of 1921 and in the present report, a census of
synthetic organic chemicals other than those derived from coal tar,
A new feature of the 1922 report is the discussion of the international
dye trade, particularly the status of the industry in Great Britain,
Switzerland, and France. Official statistics are given as to the
exports and imports of the more important dye consuming and pro-
ducing countries of the world in post-war as compared with pre-war
years. There is also presented a detailed statement of the monthly
production of dyes in Germany from February, 1920, to March, 1923,
and a summary of the stocks of each class reserved for the purchase
of the allied and associated governments.
Other reports prepared by the Tariff Commission relating to condi-
tions in the dye industry include (1) Costs of Production in the Dye
Industry, 1918 and 1919, and (2) Dyes and Other Coal-tar Chemicals,
December 12, 1918.
The general grouping of coal-tar chemicals adopted in the present
report follows that of the tariff act of 1922, which conforms in gen-
eral— although not in every detail — with common practice. Crudes,
paragraph 1549, free, are contained in and separated from crude
coal tar; intermediates, dutiable under paragraph 27 at 55 per cent
and 7 cents per pound, are produced from the crudes by chemical
processes and with some exceptions are used only for the manufacture
of dyes or other finished products by further chemical treatment ; and
dyes and other finished products are dutiable under paragraph 28
at 60 per cent and 7 cents per pound. The term "other finished
products" includes color lakes, photographic chemicals, medicinals,
flavors, perfume materials, synthetic resins, and synthetic tanning
materials. Explosives, derived from coal-tar materials, although
dutiable under paragraph 28, are not included in tliis census. A
summary of the production of coal-tar products in 1922, according
to classes given above, is contained in Table 1. Figures of the pro-
duction of dyes and coal-tar chemicals in the United States are
compiled from the returns of 209 companies. It is believed that these
represent a complete record of the manufacture of such products in
that year. In presenting the figures the quantity and value of each
product are given in as great detail as is possible without revealing
the operations of individual manufacturers.
Summary of Domestic Production.
CRUDES.
The production of coal-tar crudes is dependent upon the output of
by-product coke. In 1922 there were produced in the United States
28, .500, 000 short tons of by-product coke, an increase of more than
3
4 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
3,000,000 tons. This increase occurred despite a scarcity of coal
following a strike. As a result of the increased production of by-
product coke in 1922, the output of tar was the greatest in the history
of the American industry and supplied crude materials for the coal-
tar chemical industry far in excess of domestic demands. Of the
total tar produced, about one-half was consumed as fuel; only a part
of the remainder was distilled into refined products owing to the
demand for partly refined products such as motor fuel, solvents, and
soft pitches.
The domestic production of crudes is collected by two agencies,
according to the producer. The Geological Survey gathers informa-
tion as to that produced by the distillation of tar at by-product coke
ovens and the United States Tariff Commission collects data as to
the output of firms primarily engaged in tar distillation. Figures
from the two sources appear in Tables 2 and 3.
The production of crude anthracene in 1922 was a slight gain over
that reported in 1921. Several years ago one of the unsolved prob-
lems of the domestic dye industry was how to secure an adequate
supply of anthracene for use in the manufacture of anthraquinone
which, in turn, is required in the manufacture of vat and alizarin
dyes. Several firms now produce anthraquinone by a synthetic
process from phthalic anhydride and benzene; the output by the
synthetic process supplements the supply derived from anthracene,
and it can be stated that as fast as the requirements of the dye
makers increase there will be an adequate supply of anthraquinone
from the two sources.
INTERMEDIATES.
Increased ^production. — The total production of intermediates in
1922 by 106 firms was 165,048,155 pounds, an increase of 133 per
cent over the output in 1921. The total sales in the same year were
58,004,435 pounds, valued at $12,910,486. The average sales price
for intermediates was 22 cents per pound, a 12 per cent decrease
from that of 1921. This decrease was a general one both for bulk
intermediates and for products used in smaller quantities. The price
of aniline decreased from 22 cents per pound in 1921 to 15 cents in
1922; H acid, from 95 cents to 73 cents; b-naphthol, from 39 to 24
cents; anthraquinone, from $1.59 to $1.34 per pound.
Increase in number of intermediates. — -The total number of inter-
mediates in 1922 was 280. Of this number 85 were not reported in
1921. Many of these are new and are required in the manufacture
of the more complex and faster types of dyes. Their addition to the
domestic manufacturing program is an important advancement in
the industry. The coal-tar intermediates are used not only in the
manufacture of dyes but in the production of medicinals, flavors,
perfume materials, photographic chemicals, synthetic phenolic resins,
synthetic tanning materials, accelerators for vulcanizing, and explo-
sives. The industry is still deficient in certain products, wliile in
others production is not yet adequate for all domestic needs.
DYES.
Production increases 66 per cent. — The domestic production of
dyes in 1922 by 87 firms was 64,632,187 pounds, an increase of
66 per cent over that of the previous year. Sales totaled
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES, 1922. 5
69,107,105 pounds, valued at $41,463,790. The pre-war production
in 1914 by 7 firms was 6,619,729 pounds, valued at $2,470,096.
The general increase in dye production during 1922 was largely due
to the business revival. Beginning about June, the textile and other
dye-consuming industries became more active after a long business
depression, and during the remaining months of the year the demand
for dyes steadily increased. All classes of dyes shared in this increase.
Large price reduction. — The average price of all dyes produced in
1922 was 28 per cent below that for the previous year. The price
averaged 60 cents per pound, compared with 83 cents in 1921 and
$1.26 per pound in 1917.
The large reduction in the price of dyes was a general one both for
bulk colors and for dyes consumed in smaller quantities. The aver-
age price of indigo in 1922 was 24 cents per pound, compared with 45
cents in 1921, a 47 per cent decrease. Direct deep black EW declined
in price 47 per cent ; Acid black, 28 per cent ; Salicine black U, 27 per
cent. Among dyes which do not constitute bulk colors there were
reductions in price as follows : 30 per cent in Indanthrene blue GCD ;
20 per cent in Alizarin; 34 per cent in Alizarin saphirol B; 41 per cent
in Wool green S; and 24 per cent in Eosine.
Vat and alizarin dyes increased over 200 per cent. — The large in-
crease in the production of anthraquinone dyes was one of the con-
spicuous developments of the year. These dyes are fast to laundry
treatment, and are used for dyeing and printing cotton. The alizarin
derivatives are of great value in wool dyeing. Their manufacture in
the United States is essential to a well-rounded and self-contained
dye industry.
The use of vat dyes is on the increase with the dissemination of
information as to the availability of fast shades for cotton. Higher
prices for cotton goods have also favored the use of the best available
dyes, even at a slight increase in cost. The total production of anthra-
quinone dyes in 1922 was 1,234,963 pounds; the production of vat
dyes other than indigo was 1,075,992 pounds, compared with 345,152
pounds in 1921.
Many new dyes produced. — The addition to the domestic manu-
facturing program of many important dyes for silk, cotton, and
wool was one of the developments of 1922. These include vat dyes,
alizarins for wool, developed cotton dyes, and mordant and acid
colors. Increased production of these dyes is reflected in the reduced
importation. Most of the new dyes are colors of great complexity and
their manufacture is the result of painstaking investigation. The
developments in the past year are highly creditable, but the domestic
industry is still deficient in vat dyes and certain of the mordant, acid,
and direct colors.
Quality and standardisation of American dyes. — The satisfactory
quality of American dyes is one of the evidences of the progress made
by the domestic industry. Dye for dye, with relatively few excep-
tions, the domestic product is the equal of the pre-war German
product. In the early stages of the American dye industry, after the
outbreak of the war, there was a lack of uniformity as to strength
and quality, but this condition no longer prevails. Domestic manu-
facturers now market uniformly standardized products of good
quality. Statements of the largest silk and woolen manufacturers,
and of cotton printers and dyers, agree as to the satisfactory results
obtained from American colors.
6 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Relation of production to consumption. — The imports of dyes in
1922 were 6.2 per cent of total production by quantity and 6.5 per
cent of the apparent consumption which is assumed to equal produc-
tion plus imports minus exports. The production by quantity is
104.8 per cent of the total consumption. The United States produced
about 93.5 per cent of the dyes apparently consumed.
Production hy classes. — -The production of dyes in 1922 grouped
by classes according to method of application was as follows: Acid
dyes, 9,880,014 pounds, or 15.29 per cent; basic dyes, 2,937,585
pounds, or 4.54 per cent; direct dyes, 11,931,737 pounds, or 18.46
per cent; lake and spirit-soluble dyes, 1,009,512 pounds, or 1.56
per cent; mordant and clirome dyes, 3,749,701 pounds, or 5.8 per
cent; sulphur dyes, 16,913,767 pounds, or 26.17 per cent; vats, in-
cluding indigo, 16,926,744 pounds, or 26.19 per cent; indigo, 15,-
850,752 pounds, or 24.52 per cent; and other vat dyes, 1,075,992, or
1.67 per cent. Unclassified dyes amounted to 1,283,127 pounds, .or
1.99 per cent of total production.
Imports. — Total imports of coal-tar dyes in 1922 were 3,982,631
pounds, valued at $5,243,257, compared with 4,252,911 pounds
m 1921 and 45,950,895 pounds in 1914. Of the total imports dur-
ing 1922, 44.58 per cent came from Germany, 43.72 per cent from.
Switzerland, 5.25 per cent from England, 4.18 per cent from Italy,
and 2.27 per cent from other countries. In 1921 Germany supplied
48.34 per cent and in 1920, 51 per cent. Imports in 1922 classified
by method of application were as follows: Acid dyes, 601,395 pounds;
indigo, 505 pounds; vat dyes, other than indigo, 1,548,519 pounds;
alizarins, 27,086 pounds; mordant and chrome dyes, 689,704 pounds;
direct cotton dyes, 671,621 pounds; sulphur dyes, 194,883 pounds;
basic dyes, 155,084 pounds; spirit-soluble and color lake dyes, 76,853
pounds; and unclassified dyes, 16,981 pounds.
Table 15 shows the quantity and value of each dye imported in
1922. Table 14 shows the leading dyes of each class according to
application imported in that year.
Research. — The coal-tar chemical industry has expended over
$21,000,000 in research alone during the last five years (1917-1922).
In probably no other field have there been so extensive investigations
as in the manufacture of dyes. The progress and developments of
that period may be attributed in no small part to the enormous
expenditures in research. New dyes and other chemicals have been
developed and costs of production have been reduced. The decrease
in expenditure for research in 1921 and 1922 may be attributed in
part to the business depression. While the progress of the industry
was retarded somewhat by reduced allowances for experimental
work, advances were nevertheless made during that period.
1922 exports show large decline. — The combined value of the ex-
ports of ''color lakes" and "other colors, dyes, and stains" in 1922
was $3,023,127, and the quantity amounted to 6,956,593 pounds.
This value represents a 52 per cent decline from that of 1921, when
the combined value of exports of "aniline dyes" and "all other
dyes" was $6,270,155. The 1922 figure is a 90 per cent decline from
that of 1920, when the dye export trade reached a maximum of
$29,823,591.
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES, 1922. 7
The large export of 1920 was during theboom year of business activity
before the German dyes had again appeared in the international dye
markets. The official imports of Chma, India, and Japan show that
German dyes were exported in large quantities to those countries
after 1920, and that Switzerland, France, and Great Britain were
also factors in 1921 in the Far East markets.
The large exports in 1919 and 1920 are not a measure of the com-
petitive strength of the American industry because during those
years Germany was not active in foreign markets. Since the out-
break of the war Great Britain, the United States, and France have
developed large dye industries, and Switzerland has also expanded
her industry, with the result that competition in the world's markets
has been greatly increased.
19£3 dye exports increase. — The total exports of ''coal-tar colors,
dyes, and stains," as reported by the monthly summary of foreign
commerce for the first four months of 1923, were 5,456,812 pounds,
valued at $1,787,063. This increased demand for American dyes,
largely by the Far East market, may be attributed in part to the
reduced exports of German dyes since the occupation of the Ruhr by
the French in 1923.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
Prior to the war Germany, with an output totaling three-fourths
of all synthetic dyes produced, dominated the world's dye markets;
of the remainmg fourth, one-half were made from German intermedi-
ates, and consequently the production was dependent upon Ger-
many. On this basis about 88 per cent of the world's dye trade
was controlled by Germany. Switzerland, although without raw
materials, ranked second, with about 7 per cent of the world's
production. Practicall}^ all raw materials used by the Swiss dye-
makers were of German origin. Great Britain prior to the war pro-
duced about one-tenth of her requirements, and France produced in
French-owned and operated plants about 10 to 15 per cent of her
consumption. In both France and Great Britain dye plants were
operated and owned by German dyemakers; in France or England,
as the case might be, in the manufacture of dyes from intermediates
of German production, the final assembling operations were com-
pleted in order to meet the patent requirements of those countries.
In the United States prior to the war the small industry that existed
depended almost entirely on intermediates from Germany.
Soon after the beginning of the World War the supply of German
dyes was shut off from dye-consuming nations. The stocks on
hand were soon exhausted and there developed a dye famine which
threatened the activities of the vast textile industries as well as others
dependent upon dyes for operation. The prices of dyes rapidly in-
creased and certain colors were not to be had at any price.
As a result of War conditions the manufacture of dyes in the United
States, Great Britain, and France was greatly stimulated and great
progress was made toward the development of a self-sufficient industry.
Each of these countries has exported significant quantities of dyes
since the signing of the armistice and each now produces more than
eighty per cent of its own requirements. The German monopoly of
the world's dye production has been temporarily if not permanently
8 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION.
broken. The large developments during the war have probably re-
sulted in the doubling of the world's capacity to manuiacture dyes.
The German industry offers a united front to the world under the
powerful combination known as the I. G. — Interessen Gemeinschaft —
and has the advantage of cumulative experience, lower manufacturing
costs, and a unified organization for buying and selling. The three
Swiss firms have also formed an amalgamation. Severe competition
may be expected in the world's dye market as a result of the large
developments during and since the war. The first contact in tms
competitive rivalry occurred in the Far East markets in 1921 when
Germany recaptured a large part of her lost trade. In consequence
the exports of the United States in that year showed a sharp decline
from the large foreign sales of 1920.
China leads all nations as a consumer of dyes. Present estimated
consumption exceeds 70,000,000 pounds per year. The United
States ranks second, with an average annual consumption of about
55,000,000 pounds. Great Britain follows with a consumption of
approximately 50,000,000 pounds per year. It is anticipated that
Germany will make every endeavor to recover a part of her large dye
trade in these markets during the coming years. In case tariff or
other measures designed to stimulate domestic production are con-
tinued by those countries, the German industry may establish facto-
ries or seek industrial affiliations, as has been done by Swiss manufac-
turers who have established plants in both the United States and
Great Britain.
The export prices of German dyes are far above pre-war levels and
a reduction is possible in case sharp competition develops.
As a result of experiences during the war and of the Ruhr occupa-
tion, it is considered probable that the large industrial nations will
endeavor to retain their dye industries to meet their essential re-
quirements in time of peace and to provide for the emergencies of
national defense. The future of these newly established dye indus-
tries will depend upon many factors, among which are reduced costs
of manufacture, development of new products, governmental meas-
ures adopted to stimulate production, and ability to retain a portion
of the world's export trade for certain bulk products as a source of
income and as a means of balancing production.
OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS.
Color lakes. — The total output of this class of pigments in 1922
by 43 firms was 10,578,664 pounds, compared with 6,152,187 pounds
in 1921. The total salesof color lakes amounted to 10,366,676 pounds,
valued at S4, 551, 572.
Photographic chemicals. — ^The production by 7 firms of those coal-
tar chemicals used as photographic developers totaled, in 1922,
345,798 pounds, compared with 183,798 pounds in 1921. Sales
amounted to 347,647 pounds, valued at $483,269.
Medicinals. — This class of coal-tar products may bo considered
as essential to national welfare. The highest technical and research
skill is required in the development and commercial production of
these chemicals. During 1922 conspicuous progress was made in the
development of synthetic medicinals of coal-tar origin. The total
production as reported by 35 firms was 2,946,347 pounds, and the
sales amounted to 3,092,915 pounds, valued at .$4,233,443. The 1921
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES, 1922. 9
production totaled 1,545,917 pounds and the sales amounted to
1,876,246 pounds, valued at $2,930,324.
Perfumes and flavors. — These coal-tar products are closely related,
certain members of the class being used both as flavors and perfumes.
The total output of flavors in 1922 by 20 fhms was 1,215,668 pounds,
compared with 901,245 pounds in 1921. Sales amounted to 1,278,857
pounds, valued at $1,260,588. The production of perfumes by 17
firms in 1922 was 793,148 pounds, compared with 119,335 pounds
for the previous year. Sales amounted to 778,696 pounds, valued at
$643,436.
Synthetic pJienolic resins. — These products are used as substitutes
for amber in making pipe stems and a great variety of other articles,
and for electrical insulators, varnishes, and lacquers. The 1922
production by 5 concerns was 5,944,133 pounds, compared with an
output of 1,643,796 pounds during the previous year. Sales in
1922 amounted to 6,415,931 pounds, valued at $4,315,196.
Synthetic tanning materials. — The output of these products by 4
firms amounted to 1,910,519 pounds in 1922, compared with 1,902,597
pounds in 1921. Thesales were 1,981, 588 pounds, valued at $103,598.
Research chemicals. — The production of research chemicals by 4
manufacturers amounted to 1,667 pounds in 1922. The total sales
were 650 pounds, valued at $12,434.
Table 1. — Summary of the production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1918-1922.
Group II — Intermediates. .
Group III — Finished prod-
ucts
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chemi-
cals
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic
resins
1918
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers.
128
Production.
Pounds.
357,662,251
76,802,959
58, 464, 446
9,590,537
316, 749
3,623,352
458, 256
116,263
4,233,356
Value.
$124,382,892
83,815,746
62,026,390
5,020,023
823,915
7,792,984
4,925,627
584,695
2,642,120
1919
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers.
116
155
90
34
10
31
9
6
1
Production.
Pounds.
177,362,426
82,532,390
63, 402, 194
7,569,921
335, 509
6,777,988
610, 825
41,419
3,794,534
Value.
$63,210,079
84,585,544
67,598,855
4, 179, 964
1,059,340
7,883,071
1,318,654
164, 302
2,381,358
1920
1921
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers.
Production.
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers.
Produc-
tion.
Sales.
Pounds.
Value.
Poimds.
Pounds.
Value.
Group II— Intermedi-
ates
119
161
82
43
8
35
15
12
4
4
257,726,911
112,942,227
88,263,776
10,983,538
440, 759
5,184,989
166,884
99,740
3,142,861
4,659,680
$95,291,686
112,731,547
95,613,749
5,871,820
1,015,848
5,726,776
527,493
332,008
233,674
3,410,179
108
147
74
43
5
34
17
15
4
3
70,899,912
51,457,565
39,008,690
6,152,187
183,798
1,545,917
901, 245
119,335
1,902,597
1,643,796
33,637,326
60,434,009
47,513,762
6,424,612
170,221
1,876,246
933,662
119,691
1,721,359
1,674,456
$8,483,463
Group III— Finished
products
47,996,514
J Dves
39,283,956
' Color lakes
2,863,189
Photographic chem-
icals
248, 041
Medicinals
2,930,324
Flavors
1,002,018
175,815
Tanning materials. .
Synthetic phenolic
141,005
1,352,166
52805—23-
10 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 1. — Summary of the production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1918-1922 — Con.
1922
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers.
Production.
Pounds.
Sales.
Pounds.
Value.
Group II— Intermediates
Group III— Finished products
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chemicals . . .
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials
Sjmthetic phenolic resins..
Research chemicals
106
164
87
43
7
35
20
17
4
5
4
165,048,155
88,368,131
64,632,187
10,578,664
345, 798
2, 946, 347
1,215,668
793,148
1,910,519
5,944,133
1,667
58,004,435
93, 370, 065
69, 107, 105
10,366,676
347,647
3,092,915
1, 278, 857
778,696
1, 981, 588
6,415,931
650
812,910,486
57, 067, 326
41, 463, 790
4, 551, 572
483, 269
4, 233, 443
1, 260, 588
643, 436
103, 598
4, 315, 196
12,434
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS OTHER THAN THOSE DERIVED FROM
COAL TAR.
The Tariff Commissioii for the first time in 1921 compiled a census
of organic chemicals other than those derived from coal tar or directly
from natural sources. These included acids, alcohols, esters, ketones,
aldehydes, derivatives of alkaloids, carbocyclic compounds, etc., and
are used as perfume and flavoring ingredients, solvents, medicinals,
and also in industrial and other processes.
Organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin have been rather neglected
during the past 30 years, owing to the great interest and remarkable
progress made in the coal-tar organic chemicals. The rapid develop-
ment of the past few years in the noncoal-tar organic chemicals indi-
cates that there will be further expansion in this field and that new
products of great economic value will continue to be placed on the
market.
The production of synthetic organic chemicals other than those
derived from coal-tar in 1922 was 79,202,155 pounds, and sales for
that year amounted to 60,494,494 pounds, valued at $11,964,074.
The production in 1921 totaled 21,545,186 pounds. There were in-
cluded in 1922, however, a number of products which were not
reported in 1921, so the totals for the two years are not strictly com-
parable.
A detailed census of this group of organic chemicals is contained in
Part V, showing production and sales in cases in so far as the publica-
tion of such figures can be given without disclosing the output of
the individual manufacturer.
PART II.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR
CHEMICALS, 1922.
11
Part II.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
Coal-Tar Crudes.
By-product coke exceeds 28,000,000 tons. — 'The preliminary figures
for the domestic production of coke in 1922, as reported by the United
States Geological Survey, show a total of 36,586,000 tons. The out-
put of by-product coke alone was 28,553,000 tons, while that of bee-
hive ovens totaled 8,033,000 tons. The total domestic production
of coke in 1921 was 25,288,000 tons and for 1920, 51,345,000 tons.
During 1922 and 1921, 78 per cent of the coke produced was from by-
product ovens, as compared with 60 per cent in 1920 and 22 per cent
irom beehive ovens.
The increased production of by-product coke is reflected in the
record output in 1922 of the by-products, tar, ammonia, and gas. As
stated in the census of 1921, the replacement of beehive ovens by
the by-product variety, which recover the tar, ammonia, and gas
products entirely wasted by the old beehive type, is of great economic
significance in the conservation of national resources for the follow-
ing reasons: (1) The by-product ovens increase production of am-
monia for fertilizer and other use; (2) the gas produced in these ovens
is used for municipal lighting and industrial heating; and (3) the out-
put of tar insures an abundant supply of coal tar for the preparation
of crudes which serve as a basis of the domestic coal-tar dye and
chemical industry.
Output of coal-tar crudes. — The output of tar in 1922 approximated
328,000,000 gallons compared with 253,000,000 gallons in 1921. An
estimate for light oil similarly shows the large increase to 102,000,000
gallons compared with 76,000,000 gallons for 1921, while ammonia
(sulphate equivalent of all forms) totaled 896,000,000 pounds.
The domestic production of crudes is collected either by the Tariff
Commission or by the Geological Survey, according to the producer.
Crudes distilled from tar at by-product coke-oven plants are reported
to the Geological Survey. The production from this source lor the
years 1920-1922 is shoMTi in Table 2. The production of crudes by
firms engaged primarily in the distillation of coal tar is reported to
the Tariff Commission and is shown in Table 3. The figures from
both sources must be considered in arriving at the total output for
a given year. Of the total production of lignt oil at by-product coke
ovens, the greater part is refined at the coke-oven plants. The bulk
of the refined product is marketed in the form of motor fuel, which
is partly refined benzene containing toluene and a small amount of
solvent naphtha. Details for the production of refined benzene,
toluene, and naphthalene at coke ovens are contained in Table 3.
In comparing the production of crudes at the by-product coke ovens
with the production by tar refiners, it will be noted that a very large
part of the total output of refined naphthalene was made by tar
refiners.
13
14
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Production of crudes ly tar refiners. — ^The total domestic output of
tar at coke ovens is far in excess of the needs of the domestic dye and
coal-tar chemical industry. The detailed tables of the by-product
ovens show that only a part of the tar is refined; in fact, approxi-
raately 50 per cent of the tar is consumed as boiler fuel in metallurgi-
cal plants. The tar distillers must accordingly pay somewhat more
than the fuel value of the tar. Of the total tar sold by the by-product
oven operators only a part is distilled into refined benzene, toluene,
naphthalene, and anthracene, as there is a considerable demand for
partly refined products, such as motor fuel, solvents, and soft pitches.
Table 3 shows production of crudes reported to the Tariff Commission
by firms not primarily engaged in the operation of coke-oven plants
and gas houses. There was, in general, an increased production of
practically every crude during 1922 over the previous year. Benzene
showed a large gain, totaling 5,708,421 gallons compared with
2,171,631 gallons in 1921. The outjDut of toluene for 1922 was nearly
five times that of 1921; xylene likewise showed a large increase.
The production of naphthalene was 19,323,393 pounds compared
with 16,949,464 pounds in the previous year. In 1922 the production
of crude anthracene (less than 30 per cent) was 1,738,444 pounds,
which represents a slight increase over that for 1921. Production
of carbazole (crude, 60 per cent) showed a large gain, while the out-
put of pjTidine declined. Crude cresol showed a large increase in
production, and the figures for solvent naphtha, creosote oil, and
anthracene oil also recorded gains in 1922.
Imports of crudes during 1922. — Details of the domestic imports for
consumption are given in Part VI of this publication. The more
important items include "benzol," with a total of 172,528 pounds, a
large decline from 1921, when the figure was 1,722,085 pounds. Total
imports of cresol were 3,756,651 pounds, a large increase over the
previous year, while imports of creosote oil totaled 41,566,767 pounds
compared with 33,239,432 pounds in 1921. Imports of crude naph-
thalene were 3,144,332 pounds.
Table 2. — By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1920-1922.
[From Mineral Resources of the United States, 1921, published by the Geological Survey.]
Production.
Sales.
Product.
Quantity.
Value.
Total.
Average.
1920.
Tar gallons . .
360, 664, 124
174,363,696
.1:6,378,040
$0,037
Ammonia:
Sulphate pounds. .
Ammonia liquor (NH3 content) do
Other forms (NH3 content) do
675,816,486
65,777,259
626,01.3,975
62,076,772
27,110,260
8,585,173
.043
.138
Sulphate equivalent of all forms do
(938,925,522)
(874,321,063)
3.5,695,433
.041
<;as:
Distributed through city mains. . .M cubic feet. .
Used in steel or affiliated plants do
I'scd under boilers, etc do
[1476, 185, 744
f 53,220,824
151,764,807
25,430,288
15, 716, 888
14, .301, 095
2,216,335
.295
.094
.087
1 476, 485, 744
230,415,919
32,234,318
.140
1 Includes gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
PEODUCTIOX OF DYES AXD COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 15
Table 2. — By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1920-1922 — Continued.
Production.
Sales.
Product.
Quantity.
Value.
Total.
Average.
1920.
Light oil and drivatives:
Crude light oil
Benzol-
Crude
Refined
Motor fuel 3
Toluol:
Crude
...gallons..
do....
do....
do....
do....
do....
do....
...pounds..
do....
2 109,709,915
8, 747, 572
16, 977, 556
57,645,462
287, 142
2, 710, 649
5,678,525
1, 067, 045
1,510,420
15,720,356
55, 764, 265
$126, 158
401, 296
4, 096, 527
12,644,931
$0. 118
.266
.260
.227
Refined
Solvent naphtha
2,470,364
4, 695, 464
740, 722
851, 048
.300
.181
92, 046, 906
81,227,914
18, 860, 682
.232
Naphthalene:
Crude
Refined
11,246,807
2, 921, 282
11,507,703
2,941,059
307,999
179, 975
.027
.061
14,168,089
14,448,762
487,974
.034
Other products <
36,317
Value of all by-products sold
93, 692, 764
...gallons..
...pounds..
do....
do....
do....
cubic feet..
do....
do....
. . .gallons. .
do....
do....
do....
do....
do....
do....
do....
. .pounds. .
do
1921.
Tar
253, 051, 649
135, 293, 047
5,645,309
.042
Ammonia:
Sulphate
Anunonia liquor (NH- content)
528, 638, 763
31, 899, 398
191, 162
530,041,716
35, 102, 561
53, 993
13, 100, 703
3, 515, 416
10, 135
.025
.100
.188
(657, 001,003)
(670,667,932)
16, 626, 254
Gas:
Used under boilers, etc M
Used in steel or affiliated plants
Distributed through city mains
'310,188,713
f 12,122,777
{ 98,352,049
1 43, 826, 172
1, 120, 087
10, 593, 204
14, 249, 961
.092
.108
.325
1 310, 188, 713
154,300,998
25,963,252
.168
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil
Benzol —
Crude
Refined
Motor benzol
Toluol-
Crude
Refined
Solvent naphtha
Other miscellaneous products
6 76, 917, 269
1,494,329
4,912,131
48, 052, 882
26, 529
942, 982
3, 822, 776
590, 173
2, 433, 078
1, 536, 312
5, 302, 709
50, 022, 573
26, 529
808, 964
2, 881, 656
291, 635
240,111
343, 463
1, 268, 258
8, 966, 686
4,410
228, 968
510, 509
12,310
.099
.224
.239
.179
.166
.283
.177
.042
59, 841, 802
63, 303, 456
11,574,715
.183
Naphthalene:
Crude
Refined
2, 827, 756
115,229
1, 652, 466
331, 057
40,659
18,676
.025
.056
2, 942, 985
1, 983, 523
59,335
.030
Other products
121,813
Value of all by-products sold
1
59,990,678 |
' Inchides gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
2 Of this {|uantity, crude Ii,ght oil refined on the premises amounted to lC6,c64,417 gallons.
' The benzol content of motor fuel ranged from 50 to 100 per cent.
* Includes coal-tar oil, crude heavy solvent, carbon, and pyridin oil.
'■' Of this amount 75,760,334 gallons were refined on the premises to make the derived products listed.
16 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 2. — By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1920-1922 — Continued.
Production.
Sales.
Product.
Quantity.
Value.
Total.
Average.
1922.8
Tar
.gallons..
.pounds..
....do....
....do....
....do....
ubic feet..
....do....
....do....
..gallons..
....do....
....do....
....do....
....do....
....do....
including
..gallons..
do
327,921,000
149,151,000
$5,967,000
SO. 040
Ammonia:
Sulphate
Ammonia liquor (NHa content)
Other forms (NH3 content)
699, 069, 000
48, 590, 000
694, 000
718,279,000
47,121,000
193,000
17,906,000
3,417,000
12,000
.025
.073
.062
Sulphate equivalent
896, 205, 000
907,535,000
21,334,000
.024
Gas:
Used under boilers, etc M c
Used in steel or affiliated plant
Distributed through city mains
[1 442,546, 000
442,546,000
230, 197, 000
37,347,000
.162
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil
Benzol-
Crude
Refined
Motor benzol
Toluol-
Crude
Refined
Solvent naphtha (crude and refined,
xylol)
Other light oil products
'102,118,000
1,937,000
9,359,000
57,117,000
38, 000
1,846,000
2, 845, 000
579, 000
5, 138, 000
1, 922, 000
8,518,000
55,031,000
4,000
1,788,000
2,723,000
212, 000
631,000
504, 000
2, 432, 000
10,510,000
652
522, 000
511,000
15,000
.123
.262
.286
.200
.163
.292
.188
.071
Total
73, 721, 000
70,198,000
14,494,652
.pounds..
)...do....
Naphthalene:
Crude (melting point below 79° C.)..
Refined (melting point 79° C. or over
6, 345, 000
1,811,000
3,299,000
1,589,000
52, 000
79,000
.016
.050
Total
8,156,000
4,888,000
131,000
Other products
155,000
Value of all products sold . . . .
79,428,652
1 Includes gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
8 Preliminary figures. Subject to revision.
' Of this amount 95,554,000 gallons were refined on premises to make the desired products listed.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
17
Table 3 — Production of coal-tar crudes, 1922, by firms not "primarily engaged in the
operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses.
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers given on
page 117. An X indicates that the corresponding product was made by a manufacturer who did not
consent to the publication of his name in connection therewith. Blanks in the third and fourth columns
indicate that there was actual production of the corresponding article, but that the figures can not be
published without revealing the output of individual firms.]
Manufacturers' identification
numbers (according to list on
page 117).
1922
Name.
Quantity.
Value.
Value
per
unit.
Total crudes i
$21,261,849
1,531,134
Benzene gallons. .
16, 24, 49, i62, X, X
5,708,421
$0.27
Toluene do
16,X,X
Xylene do
16
Naphthalene, crude pounds. .
Anthracene, less than 30 per cent
pounds. .
8, 13, 15, 16, 32, 49, 94, 102, 111,
131, 155, 165, 179, 206, X.
8, 155, 165
19,323,393
1,738,444
352,957
100,713
.02
.06
Carbazole, crude, 60 per cent
pounds..
16, 155
Cresol gallons. .
16, 102, 111, 155
Pyridine do
16, 126
Solvent naphtha do
Dead or creosote oil do
Anthracene oil do
13, 16,49,94, 102, 165, X, X
8, 13, 16, 32, 49, 94, 102, HI, 131,
155, 165, 179, 208, X, X, X.
8, 155, 165
996, 852
33,874,418
3,705,882
371,314
9, 710; 745
1,203,089
281, 870
3,698,319
674, 586
6,607,673
1,498,741
5,758,296
.28
.11
.18
Pitch of tar tons. .
Other distillates gallons. .
Refined tars barrels. .
Motor fuel 2 gallons. .
8, 13, 16, 24, 32, 49, 94, 111, 131,
155, 165, 179, 206, X, X, X.
8, 16, 24, 32, 49, 102, 111, 155, 179,
199, 208, X.
8, 13, 16, 24. 32, 94, 111, 131, 165.
179, 208, X, X, X, X, X.
102, 131, X
17.80
.15
4.79
1 The instructions sent to manufacturers were as follows: Include under dead or creosote oil only products
which may be used for creosoting. Include under other distillates shingle stain oils, disinfectant oils,
and flotation oils which do not contain over 5 per cent of phenol. Include under refined tars those tars
which are used for road treatment, saturating felt, and for protective coatings. Phenol and all distillates
which, on being subjected to distillation, yield in the portion distiUing below 190° C. a quantity of tar
acids equal to or more than 5 per cent of the original distillate, or which, on being subjected to distillation,
3deld in the portion distiUing below 215° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more than 75 per cent of the
original distillate, are not to be included here but are to be placed under intermediates.
s Included in benzine last year.
Table 4. — Comparison of production of coal-tar crudes, 1921 and 1922, by firms not
primarily engaged in the operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses.
Name.
Total crudes
Benzene gallons. .
Naphthalene, crude pounds. .
Anthracene, 25 per cent pure
pounds . .
Solvent naphtha gallons. .
Dead or creosote oil do
Anthracene oil do
Pitch of tar tons. .
Other distillates gallons. .
Refined tar barrels..
Quantity.
5, 708, 421
19, 323, 393
1,738,444
996, 852
33,874,418
3,705,882
371,314
9,710,745
1,203,089
Value.
Value
per
unit.
$21,261,849 I.
1,531,134 i
352,957 I
100,713
281,870
3,698,319 I
674,-586 j
6,607,673
1,498,741
5,758,296
$0.27
.02
.06
.28
.11
.18
17.80
.15
4.79
Quantity.
2,171,631
16, 949, 464
1,604,717
649,694
28, 804, 156
2, 857, 391
347,011
6, 562, 332
1,029,282
Value.
$17, 936,
463,
380,
83,
111,
3, 188,
519,
6,514,
1, 209,
5, 196,
Value
per
unit.
$0.21
.02
.05
.17
.11
.18
18.77
.18
5.05
Intermediates .
Description. — This class of coal-tar chemicals does not occur as
such in coal tar, but is prepared from the crudes (benzene, toluene,
naphthalene, and anthracene) by chemical treatment with sul-
phuric acid, nitric acid, alkalies, chlorine, or other chemicals. From
18 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
less than 10 coal-tar crudes there are prepared from 200 to 300
intermediates for use in the production of hundreds of dyes. The
various chemical steps required in the conversion of crudes to inter-
mediates are (1) nitration; (2) reduction; (3) sulphonation; (4) caus-
tic fusion; (5) chlorination ; (6) alkylation; (7) liming; (8) conden-
sation; (9) carboxylation; (10) oxidation; and (11) diazotization.
Intermediates are therefore the raw materials which by complex
chemical processes are converted into dyes, medicinals, perfumes,
flavors, photographic chemicals, and synthetic resins and tanning
materials. They are also used to accelerate the vulcanization of
rubber, as camphor substitutes, in the direct production of dyes on
the fiber, and for increasing the fastness of dyed colors, in which case
they are known as "developers." After purification, many interme-
diates are used directly as drugs, perfumes, and flavors.
Production. — The production of intermediates in the United States
in 1922 is shown in Table 5 in as great detail as is possible without
revealing the output of individual manufacturers. The total output
in 1922 was 165,048,155 pounds compared with 70,899,912 pounds ia
1921. The sales in 1922 totaled 58,004,435 pomids with a value of
$12,910,486.
The average sales price for intermediates in 1922 was 22 cents,
which is a 12 per cent decrease from that of 1921. This decrease is
substantial for bulk intermediates, as well as for products used in
small quantities. Aniline decreased in price from 22 cents per pound
in 1921 to 15 cents in 1922; H acid, from 95 cents to 73 cents; b-naph-
thol, from 39 to 24 cents; anthraquinone, used in the preparation of
the alizarin and vat dyes, from $1.59 per pound to $1.34 per pound.
The total number of intermediates reported was 280, of which 85
were not reported in 1921. Many of these intermediates are of great
complexity and their manufacture presents great technical difficul-
ties. They are used where fast colors or special types of dyes are
required, and their addition to the manufacturing program is an
important advancement in the industry. One of the conspicuous
features of production in 1922 was the significant increase in the out-
put of anthraquinone, J acid, and Chicago acid and other intermedi-
ates, used in the manufacture of fast and special types of dyes, such
as the vat colors, alizarin, and the direct dyes.
Benzene derivatives. — -Aniline prepared from benzene through the
intermediate product nitrobenzene is the most important of all
finished intermediates. In 1922 it ranked first in value and second
in quantity. It is used in the manufacture of dyes of almost every
class, whether the classification be based on method of application or
on chemical constitution. Among the dyes which require aniline in
their production, those produced in significant amounts are Indigo,
Direct black E W, and Agalma black 10 B. These constitute three
out of four leading colors in quantity produced in this country during
1922. The production of aniline was 21,401,864 pounds, compared
with 5,639,234 pounds in 1921, and sales totaled 12,064,465 pounds
with a value of $1,827,941. The production of aniline salt (aniline
hydrochloride) was 825,558 pounds and of aniline sulphate, 289,913
pounds. Aniline hydrochloride is largely consumed by the cotton
dyer in the direct production of "aniline black" on the fiber. Di-
methylaniline (prepared from aniline by treatment with methyl
alcohol), is used in the manufacture of such important basic dyes
as Methyl violet. Methylene blue B, and Malachite green. The out-
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 19
put of this intermediate in 1922 was 2,327,561 pounds, compared
with 566,286 pounds in 1921; the price was 32 cents, compared
with 54 cents for the previous year. Diethy aniline, the production of
which was 42,040 pounds, is used in the manufacture of certain more
expensive dyes, such as Brilliant green, Acid violet, and Patent blue.
The output of ethylbenzylaniline increased from 16,949 pounds in
1921 to 129,340 pounds in 1922. Dichloroaniline showed an increase
in out-put of over 600 per cent. m-Phenylenediamine doubled
in output compared to the previous year, with a total of 636,646
pounds. The production of p-nitro aniline, an important inter-
mediate used in the preparation of ''para red," both on the fiber and
for color lakes and also for the manufacture of Diamine green B and
G, Alizarin yellow R, and certain sulphur dyes, totaled 1,563,665
pounds. Dmitrochlorobenzene, used for the manufacture of sulphur
blacks and blues showed an increase to 6,243,116 pounds, compared
with 2,408,472 pounds m the previous year. The output of phenyl-
hydrazine p-sulphonic acid represented one of the largest increases
of all the intermediates.
During the past few years, one of the significant developments in
the coal-tar industry has been the production of substitutes for
camphor used in the manufacture of pyroxylin plastics. These
were first reported in 1920 and have since showed large increases
in output. During 1922 there was a large increase in the output of
tricresyl-phosphate compared with the previous year.
Owmg to increased activity m the rubber trade, the consump-
tion of rubber accelerators showed a large increase. The out-
put of thiocarbanilide for 1922 was 2,591,856 pounds and the sales
were 938,921 pounds, with a value of $258,856. The average price
receded to 27 cents from 42 cents in the previous year. Other rubber
accelerators reported in large amounts were triphenylguanidine,
anilidobenzene thiazol and derivatives, and diphenylguanidine.
The production of phenylglycine, used for indigo, recorded large
gains over the previous year. Acetanilide (technical), used as an
intermediate, a medicinal (when purified), a stabilizer for hydrogen
peroxide, and an ingredient in cellulose ester dopes and lacquers
was produced to the amount of 1,418,127 pounds.
Benzidine, prepared by reduction of nitrobenzene is one of the
most important intermediates used in the production of the direct
cotton dyes. The production of benzidine base in 1922 totaled
685,669 pounds, and that of sulphate and hydrochloride totaled
446,294 pounds. The combined production of benzidme base and
salts in the previous year was 328,577 pounds.
The production of phenol represents one of the larger increases of
the year, totaling in 1922, 1 ,285,978 pounds, with total sales of 1 ,266,552
pounds, valued at S268,311. The large war stocks of Government
phenol on hand at the signing of the armistice were about 35,000,000
pounds. This represents a carry over from the war production,
which in 1918 exceeded 106,000,000 pounds. Contrary to the
expectation of the trade these war stocks were exhausted during the
latter part of 1922, and a scarcity developed on the open market.
Unfortunately the synthetic phenol plants built during the war were
almost entirely dismantled and neither the tar distillers nor the
synthetic phenol manufacturers were prepared for the demand. At
least one new synthetic phenol plant has commenced production, and
several other firms are expected to enter the field in 1923. Now that
20 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
the uncertainty as to the carried-over stocks is removed, it is probable
that a balance of production of phenol from coal tar and from syn-
thetic plants will be established. Future domestic requirements
will probably be supplied from the two sources — coal tar and syn-
thetic— as the domestic production from tar has not been sufficient
to date for the entire domestic needs.
The production of salicylic acid U. S. P. totaled 3,085,882 pounds
in 1922. This acid is extensively consumed in the manufacture of
pharmaceuticals as well as for certain mordant and direct cotton
dyes.
Toluene derivatives. — The production of the various toluidines
showed an increase in 1922. This class of intermediates is used in the
production of such important dyes as Magenta, Safranine, the Prim-
ulines and Indamines. The production of o-toluidine was 742,268
pounds and that of p-toluidine was 793,690 pounds. Tolidine, which
is used in the manufacture of direct cotton dyes, mostly reds and
blues, showed a very large increase in output. The output of tolidine
and salts in 1922 was 138,206 pounds. The production of benzoate
of soda, which is largely used as a food preservative, was 566,349
pounds and the sales were 552,856 pounds with a value of $278,759.
The price per pound receded from 57 cents in 1921 to 50 cents in 1922.
The production of m-nitro-p-toluidine was 118,972 pounds. This
sold to the textile trade under the name of Fast red G base, for
dyeing cotton a fast red.
Leukotrope W (dimethylphenylbenzylammonium disulphonic acid
calcium salt) used in cotton printing for discharges on indigo-dyed,
fabrics, is now manufactured in this country in adequate quantities.
This is one of the many products essential to the textile industry, but
its consumption is not great either in quantity or value.
Cresylic acid. — The large output of refined cresylic acid is one of
the significant stages in the development of intermediates. While
the quantity produced in 1922 was not adequate to domestic con-
sumption, it ranks among a small group of the leading intermediates
by quantity of production. The production of ortho, meta, and para
cresol showed a very large increase over the previous year.
Naphthalene derivatives. — -The intermediates derived from naph-
thalene showed a large increase in quantity of output and a con-
spicuous decline in price, compared with the previous year. The
new products reported are indicative of expansion and progress.
The production of refined naphthalene reported to the Tariff Com-
mission by firms primarily engaged in tar distillation totaled
17,419,998 pounds, compared with 13,553,777 pounds for 1921.
The sales of naphthalene in 1922 were 14,059,838 pounds, valued at
$794,435. This product ranked third of all intermediates in quantity
of output for 1922. Statistics on the output of refined naphthalene
at coke ovens are collected by the Geological Survey. The pre-
liminary figures show a production from that source of 1,811,000
pounds of refined naphthaJene.
The most important intermediate derived from naphthalene is
b-naphthol, the output of which in 1922 was 3,255,901 pounds. This
derivative is consumed in large amounts in the manufacture of a
variety of dyes, color lakes, other intermediates, and in the direct
production of para red on the fiber by the cotton dyers and printers.
The average price was 24 cents per pound, a 38 per cent decrease
from that of 1921.
PRODUCTION OF DYES a:N'D COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 21
H acid (l-amino-8-naphtliol-3:6-disii]plionic acid) ranks second
among the naphthalene derivatives and is one of the leading inter-
mediates used in the production of direct cotton and acid dyes of the
azo class. The production in 1922 vras 2,208,657 pounds; the sales
were 958,397 pounds, valued at S701,612. The average price
decreased from 95 cents in 1921 to 73 cents in 1922.
Phthalic anhydride is an intermediate of great importance to a
well-developed industry, as it is used in the manufacture of synthetic
;anthraquinone, which, in turn, is used for the preparation of alizarin
and many vat dyes. It is also used in the production of fluorescein,
the eosine dyes and the rhodamines. The production in 1922 was
the highest on record, reaching 1,629,182 pounds, an increase of
several hundred per cent over that of 1921.
The production of naphthionic acid (l-naphthylamine-4-sulphonic
acid) was 1,194,677 pounds. The price was 39 cents, compared with
44 cents for the previous year. The output of l-amino-2-naphthol-4-
sulphonic acid, used largely in the manufacture of Salicine black U was
646,502 pounds. a-Naphthylamine (refined), used in the preparation
of Fast red B, Sulphoncyanine, Diamond black F, and other azo
blacks, recorded an increase in production for 1922. The produc-
tion of R acid (2-naphthol-3 : 6-disulphonic acid) increased to 464,918
pounds. This is used in the preparation of Ponceau R, Amaranth,
T'ast red B, and Palatine chrome red B.
Gamma acid (2-amino-8-naphthol-6-sulphonic acid) used in the
manufacture of direct cotton dyes, including Diamine black BH,
Diamine brown M, and Diamine fast red F, showed a total output of
197,236 pounds, a decrease from 218,717 pounds in 1921. The price
decreased from $2.10 in 1921 to SI. 72 in 1922. The production of
2-naphthylamine-l-sulphonic acid, used for Lithol red R, increased
to 217,752 pounds; alpha and beta-naphthylamine also showed
marked increases.
The production of l-naphthylamine-6 and 7-sulphonic acid, used
for the preparation of Sulphoncyanine and Columbia black, totaled
323,348 pounds, an increase of several hundred per cent.
Of the intermediates, used in the production of the fast or special
^yes consumed m smaller quantities, two products deserve mention,
namely Chicago acid (l-amino-8-naphthol-2:4-disulphonic acid) and
J acid (2 amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid). J acid is required in
the preparation of certain direct cotton dyes distinguished by their
fastness to acids. It was first reported in 1920; its production in
1922, totaling 92,919 pounds, was a large increase. Chicago acid is
used in the production of Chicago blue 4B, RW. and Brilliant benzo
blue 6B; its output m 1922 was 58,182 pounds.
Anthracene derivatives. — The production of anthracene derivatives
is of particular interest in tracing the progress of the American dye
industry, as the preparation of the fast vat dyes (including the indan-
threnes and most of the algol colors) and alizarin and its derivatives
require anthraquinone as a raw material. Anthraquinone is made
by two methods: (1) Oxidation of anthracene; (2) synthesis from
phthalic anhydride and benzene. Both methods are in use in this
•country. In 1922 there was a very large increase in the output of
anthracene, production in that year totaling 251,950 pounds. The
production of anthraqumone likewise showed a large gain to 395,107
pounds, an increase of several hundred per cent over that of the
22
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
previous year. A considerable part of the total output of anthra-
quinone is made by the synthetic process. In 1923 a new firm began
to produce synthetic anthraquinone in large quantities. The in-
creased production of this intermediate insures dye makers a supply
sufficient to meet any increase in their output of vat and alizarine
dyes.
There was a large gain in the output of various anthraquinone
derivatives used in making vat dyes, especially silver salt and
b-amino-anthraquinone.
New inter mediates. -^Oi the 280 coal-tar intermediates reported in
1922, there were 85 for which no production was shown in 1921.
These are, in the main, products of great complexity whose manufac-
ture presents technical problems. The new intermediates include
products derived from benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and anthra-
cene. Among such new products are naphtho-1 :8-sultam-2 :4-disul-
phonic acid, amino benzoyl-J acid, ethyl hydrol, diphenylguanidine,
ditolydiamide of methane, ethylidene aniline, dichlorophenylhydra-
zine sulphonic acid, benzyl benzoic acid, 5 :5 dihydroxy 7 :7-disul-
phonic-2 :2-duiaphthyl urea, 5 :5-dLhydroxy-2 :2 dinaphthylamine-
7 :7-disulphonic acid.
Table 5. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1922.
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
page 117. An X signifies that the corresponding intermediates were made by a manufacturer who did
not consent to the publication of his name in connection therewith. Blanks in the third and fourth
columns indicate that there were sales of the corresponding intermediates in the United States during
1922, but that the figures can not be published without revealing information in regard to the sales of
Individual firms. The blank space in the sixth column indicates that there was actual production of
the corresponding intermediates in the United States during 1922, but that the figures can not be pub-
lished without revealing information in regard to the output of individual firms. The details thus
concealed are, however, included in the totals. Reports have been received from all firms known to be
manufacturers.']
GROUP n.
^
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
page 117.
Sales.
CoTnnionname.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
Total intermediates...
Poiinds.
58, 004, 435
$12, 910, 486
?0.22
Pounds.
165, 048, 155
23,118,124,165
Aeetanilide, tech
.21
1,418,127
Acetyl-p-phenylenediamine (p-
amino aeetanilide).
Aeet vl-p-tolaidine
64, 77, 79, 84, 127
110,039
38,64,165
144, 652
b-Amino anthraquinone .
64, 127, 129 .
Aminoazobenzcne
30, 3S, 65, 84, 85, 127, 165
.63
153, 968
64
acid.
127....
Aminoazotoluene
4,30,38,84,85,127,130,
151.
130... .
181, 023
89,122,164
3,824
198-
p-Araino dimethylaniline
Aminodiphenylamine sulphonic
acid,
p- Aminodiphenylamine o-sul-
fonio acid.
1- Amino- 2-naphthol- 4- sulfonic
acid.
1 - Amino- 8-naphthol-4-su]fonic
acid.
l-Amino-x-naphthol-2 : 4-disnl-
sulfonic acid (Chicago acid).
l-Amino-8-naphthol-3 : G-disul-
fonic acid (11 acid).
81
198
4
4, 38, 64. 84, 127, 1.30, i
646,502
165, X. i
.38,127,129 1
107, 162
64, 127 129 ' - -
58, 182
2;i,64, 84, 121, 127, 129,
164.
958, 397
701,612
.73
2, 208, 657
PEODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
23
Table 5 — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1922 — Continued.
GROUP II— Continued.
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
page 117.
Sales.
Common name.
Quantity. Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
2- Amino-5-naphthol-7-s u I f o n i c
acid f.T acid).
2 -Amino -5 -naptitliol -7 -sulfonic
acid, amino benzoyl deriva-
tive of.
2 -Amino -8 -napiithol -6 -sulfonic
acid (gamma acid).
O-Aminophenol
38,64,127,129
1
Pounds.
Pounds.
92, 919
64
23,38,64,127,129
79,164,193,198
62,972 $108,202
13,452 1 27,901
33,021 36,318
$1.72
2.73
1.10
197, 236
13, 0&3
p-AminophenoI and hydroclilor-
ide.
o-AminophenoI-p-sulfonic acid. . .
o-AminophenoI disidfonic acid-
56, 64, 68, 79, 89, 129,
164, 193, 198, 203, X.
4,84,127,198
220,383
19, 104
130
38,129
acid, base and salt.
Aminosalicvlie acid .
52,127,130
23,572
Aminosalicylic acid, diazo
64
1
X
1
X
1
derivatives.
Aniline oil
25, 64, 83, 118, 120, 124,
127, 128.
25,8.3,127,128
12,064,465 , 1. 827. 941
.15
.22
.29
21, 401, 864
Aniline livdrocMoride . . .
821,315
180, 021
825, 558
289, 913
Aniline sulfate
64,85,127,128,147
Aniline disulfonic acid
64,127
o-Anisidine
64,129
o-Anisidine sulfonic acid
64
Anthracene, refined, 100 per cent.
Anthranilic (o-aminobenzoic)
16,64,183
251, 950
63,64,124,188
1.31
1.34
36,603
acid.
Anttiraquinone, 99-100 per cent.
18,64,127, 183.x
395, 107
Anthraquinone -1:5 -disulphonic
acid.
Anthrac)uinone-2:7-disulfonic acid
Anthraq uinone - 2 - sodiuqi sul-
fonate f silver salt).
Anthrarufin
Arsanilic acid
Benzaldehyde
Benzanthrone
Benzidine base
Benzidine sulphate and hydro-
chloride.
Benzoate of soda
84,127
18
9,18,64,129
394, 304
127
58
75, 101, 1.38, 190, X,X..
9,64, 129
135, 109
105,030
.78
156, 502
60, 355
6, 30, 34, 38, 64, 75, 84,
127, 129.
2,84, 127, 129, X
201,768 167,479
.83
685, 669
446,294
91, 164, X, X, X
29, 75, 91, 164, X, X, X
164
552, 856 278_ lh9
.50
.55
566,349
104,469
Benzoic acid, U. S. P
Benzoic acid, tech
63,926
35,370
Benzoyl benzoic acid
129
Benzoyl chloride
91, X
1
Benzyl alcohol
101, 164, 176, 190, X....
7,239
8,683
1.20
3,373
Benzvlamine
Benzyl benzoic acid
127
Benzyl chloride
138,190
Broenner's acid. (See 2-naph-
thylamine-R-sulphonic acid.)
Bromoben'one
63.
2-Chloroanthraquinone
9
o-Chlorobenzaldehvde
127
Chlorobenzanthrone
64
Chlorobenzene (mono)
91, 105, X
3,542,688
262, 111
.07
4,151,312
Chlorometanilic acid
77, 130. .
C h 1 0 r 0 m etaphenylenediamine
and sulfonic arid.
Chloronaphthalene
130
X
Chloro-2:0-dimtrobenzene-4-sul-
198
phonic acid.
o-Chlorotoluene
127 .
o-Chloro toluene sodium sulphon-
64
ate.
2-Chloro-5-toluidine-4-sulphon i c
117,165
acid.
Chromotropic acid. (See l:8-di-
hydroxy naphthalene-3:6-di-
sulphonic acid.)
Ciimamic acid
101, 176, 190, X, X
515
1,642
3.19
1,138
24
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 5. — -Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1922 — Contiimecl.
GROUP II— Continued.
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
page 117.
Sales.
Common name.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
poimd.
Total pro-
duction.
Cresol, ortho, meta, and para
114
Pounds.
Pounds.
o-Cresol, purity of 90 per cent or
16
more.
o-Cresotinic acid
X
Cresylic acid, refined
16
Cumidine
127
Dehydrothio-p-toluidine sul-
phonic acid.
Di (2-a m i n o-5-naphtliol-7-sul-
70, 129,X
29,112
64, 129
phonic^ urea J acid.
Diaminostilbene disulplionic acid
70, 127, 129
70, 433
Dianisidine
38,64, 127, 129
l-Diazo-2-rLaphthol4-sulp h o n i c
acid.
Dibenzan throne
4, 38, 127, 130
171 632
129
Dibenzylaniline
64
2;5-Dichloroaniline
198
2 : 5-Dichloroaniline s u 1 p h onic
147,198
acid.
Dichlorobenzene
64, 91, 105, 129, 134, X.
38
951,574
$151,601
$0.16
1,154,278
Dichlorobenzidine
Dichloro-phenylhydrazine - s u 1 -
phonic acid.
147
64
Diethylaniline. * ...
89, 127, 178
42,040
Diethylaniline sodiiun sulpho-
nate.
5 : 5-Dihydroxy-2 : 2-dinaphthy-
lamine-7 : 7-disulphonic acid.
6 : 5-Dihy droxy-7 : 7-disuIphomc-
2:2-dinaphthyl urea (I acid
urea).
1:8 Dihydroxy:iaphthalene-3:6-
disulphonicacid (chrome-
tropic acid).
64
64
127
84
4,64,121,127,129
1.10
78,313
150
Dimethvlaniline
6,25,30,64,81,127
X
1,237,149
397, 517
.32
2,327,561
Dimethylphenylbenzyl am-
monium disulpnonic acid, cal-
cium salt (Leukotrope W).
Dinitroanthraq uinone
18
129
Dinitrobenzene .'
12,25,64,127,193,201..
64
792,284
155,419
.20
2,066,367
m-Dinitroben7ene
Dinitrochlorobenzene. .
12,64,84,105,127
130
179,374
38,069
.21
6,243,116
Dinitrochlorobenzene-p-sul-
phonic acid.
129
Dinitrohydroxy diphenylamine .
Dinitrophenol, and sodium salt. .
Dinitrotoluene
38.
12.
12,64,65,78,85,98,127.
64.
1,009,520
166, 660
.17
2,098,252
Diphenyldiamide of methane
Diphenylguanidine
64.
64, 127, X. .
Diphenylmethane siUplionate
127
127
p-Ditolyldiamide of methane
64
127
81,127 .
127
Ethyl-p-aminoacetanilide
Ethylaniline
127
127 ...
Ethylbenzylaniline
34,64,89,127,178
34 77 127
29,793
37,273
1.25
129,340
Ethylben/ylaniline sulphonic
acid .
189
128
55,85,127,150
Formaldehyde-p-amino-
dimethylaniline.
81
165
Gamma acid. {See 2-amino-8-
naphthol-6-sulphonic acid.)
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
25
Table 5. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1922 — Continued,
GROUP II— Continued.
Common name.
Manufacturers' identi-
flcal ion numbers ac-
cording to list on
paee 117.
Sales.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
H acid. (See l-amino-8-naph-
thol- 1 :fi-disulphomc acid.)
Heptylidene aniline
b-Hydroxy naphthoic acid
b-Hydroxy naphthoic anilide
(naphthol AS).
b-Hydroxy naphthoic tohiide
p-Hydroxy phenylarsonic acid. . .
p-Hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid
and sodium salt.
Indanthrene R-S
Indophenols
Laurent's acid. {See 1-naph-
thylamine-5-sulphonic acid.)
Metanilic acid
Methyl ester of p-tolylsulphonic
acid.
Methylene dianilide
Methylene diphenyldiamine
Michler's hydrol. {See tetra-
msthvldiaminobenzhydrol.)
Michler's ketone. {See tetra-
methyldiaminobenzophcnone.)
Mono?tnylaniline
Monoethyl-m a^riinophenol
Monomcthylaniline
Mononitrochlorobenzene, mixed
ortho and para.
Naphthalene, solidifyine; 79° C.
or above re'ined, iake).
1 : .VNaphthalP-ne disulphonic acid
2: 7-Naphthalene disulphonic acid
Naphtho-l:3-sulton-8-sulphonic
acid.
Naphtho -1:8- sultam -2:4 -disul-
phoni'^ acid.
a-Naphthol
b-Naphthol, U. S. P
b-Naphthol, tech
1-Naphthol - 8 - chloro -3:6- disul-
phonic a"id ''Chlor H acid).
l-Naphthol-4 sulphonicacid (Ne-
vile >k \Vinth"r's acid).
l-Naphthol-5-sulphonic acid
l-Naphthol-3:6-disulphonic acid .
1-Naphthol - 3:6:8 - trisulphonic
acid.
2-Naphthol-l-sulphonic acid
2-Naphthol-6-sulphonic acid
(ScTiasfTer's acid).
2-Naphthol-7-sulphomc acid
2-Naphthol-8-sulphonic acid
2-Naphthol-3:6-disnlphonic acid .
2-Naphthol-6:8-disulphonic acid .
a-Naphthylamine, crude
a-Naphthylamino, re^'ned
a-NaphthyJamine and hydrochlo-
ride.
b-Naphthylamine and hydrochlo-
ride.
1-Naphthylaminc-isulphonic acid
inaphthionic acid).
l-Naphtiylainine-j sulphonicacid
( Laurent's a"id).
l-Naphthylamino 6 sulphnnic acid
l-Naphthylainine-6 and 7-sul-
phouic acid.
l-Naphthylamine-8 sulphonie acid
l-Naphthylamine-3:8-dtsulphonic
ajid.
52805—23 3
128
38,64,84..
61,84,127.
Pounds.
Pounds.
27, 587
$77, 381
$2.81
47, 124
36, 115
64..
58..
116.
129
105, 127, X.
4, 38, 64, 65, 84, 85, 127,
130.
127
.42
277,071
34,64,89.
64
64
64
13,16,20,25,32,33,111,
129, 180, 199.
84, 129
127
38
14, 059, 838
794,435
.06
17, 419, 998
38,64
30, 38, 85, 92, 127, 169,
182.
25,148
25, 30, 38, 85, 148, 165,
169.
127
41, 196
36,755
,89
229,240
2,530,317
604,800
3, 255, 901
2, 6, 30, 52, 64, 127, 129,
130.
4,64,127,129,130
165
52, 318
50,423
334, 740
61,765
30, 127, 129.
148
4,38, 64, 65, 127, 130, 165
38, 165,181
38 X
2, 4,''23,' 25', 30, 38, 64V84,'
127, 129, 165, 188, 195.
4,25,30,38,64,127, 165.
64, 129
16,64, 129
150
26,116
17, 299
14, 795
29, 275
.57
1.69
78,320
87, 496
48, 592
464,918
94,206
775, 277
38,64, 127, 148,150
2, 6, 30, 38, 52, 64, 85,
127, 129, X.
4,30,64,84,85,127,130.
127
38, 64, 127, 129.
139, 762
55, 016
.39
322, 716
1,194,677
62, 213
4, 64, 84, 127, 130.
38,64, 129
323,348
175, 302
38, 345
26
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 5. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1922 — Continued.
GROUP II— Continupd.
Common name.
Manufacturer?' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
page 117.
Sales.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
l-Naphthylamine-4: S-disulphonic
acid.
l-Naphthylaminc-3:6:8-trisul-
phonic acid.
1-NaphthyIamine - 8 - hydroxy-4-
sulphon'ic acid.
2-Naphtliylamine - 1 - sulphonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-6-sulphonic acid
(Broenner's acid).
2-Naphtliylamine-4: 8-disuIphonic
acid.
2-Naphtliylamine-5: 7-disulphonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-6 : 8-disulphonic
acid.
Nevile & Winther's acid. (See
l-naphthol-4-suIphonic acid).
p-Nitroacetanilide
Nitroaminophenol
m-Nltroaniline
o-Nitroaniline-p-sulphonic acid . .
p-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline-o-sulphonic acid . .
o-Nitroanisole
Nitro arsanilic acid
Nitrobenzene (oil of mirbane)
Nitrobenzene sulphonic acid
Nitrobenzidino sulphate
p-Nitrobenzoic acid
p-Nitro benzoyl chloride ,
o-Nitrochlorobenzene ,
o-Nitrochlorolbenzene sulphonic
acid.
p-Nitrochlorobenzene ,
p - Nitrochlorobenzene - o - sul-
phonic acid.
p-Nitrodichlorobenzene ,
o-Nitro-p-chlorophenol ,
8-Nitro-l-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sul-
phonic acid.
3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic
acid.
Nitronaphthalene
1 - Nitronaphthalene -4:8- disul-
phonic acid.
o-Nitrophenol
p-Nitrophenol
Kitrosobetanaphthol
Nitrosodimethylaniline and hy-
diochloride.
Nitrosophcnol
Nitrosulphoanthrarufin
Nitrotoluene
o-Nitrotolucne
o-Nitrotoluene sulphonic acid
p-NitrotoIucnc
p-Nitrotoluene-o-sulphonic acid..
m-Nitro-p-toluidine
p-Nitro-o-toluidinc
Nitro -cylenc
Oxalvl-arsanilic acid
Oxalyl-p-nitroanilinc
Oxalyl-m-phenylenodi amine
Oxalyl-p-phenylenodiaminc
Phenol
Phenolatf of soda
Phenol sulphonic acid
Phenol disulphonic acid
Phenyl cresyl phosphate
Phenyl glycine^ sodium salt
Phenylhydracme - p - sulphonic
acid-
Pounds.
38,64, 127, 129....
23, 64, 84, 127, 129.
64
4,26,38,148,163..
38,127
38,64, 129
38,64, 127, 129....
38,64, 129
137, 692
$152, 976
$1. 11
23,38,127,164,165...
130, 198
64, 193
198
6, 23^164, 'l65,'i85.'!!!
4, 64, 77, 84, 165, 198. .
64, 127,129
122
25,64,83,127,128,129.
130
129
1,64, 164
64
33,906
13, 935
1,113,866
'2,'665,'399'
770, 703
189, 113
.09
64, 124, 127.
130,198....
64,124,127
4,38,64, 127, 198.
198
198
38, 64, 84 .
447, 514
82.981
.19
58, 116,122.
16,64, 129..
38
181,193,198
64,124,181,193,198
'84, X
25, 46, 64, 84, 90, 105,
127, 128, 129, 150.
12, 18, 46, 68, 84, 90, 105,
127, 185, X.
127
12,64,65,78,85,98,127,
129.
12,38,64,78,98,127,129.
77
6,284
8, 613
3,699
4,636
12,64,78,98,127,129..
4,64, 127, 129, 198....
.38, 64, 165
38,61, 188
61
122
64
64
64
16,114,144,181, X...
64
150, 198
150
161
63,64,127
25,64,147, 181
379, 527
'229,154'
20,912
'i69,'452
.06
117, 161
255,634
.48
'i'is
1,266,552
268,311
.21
PRODUCTION or DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
27
Table 5. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1922 — Continued.
GROUP II— Continued.
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
page 117.
Sales.
CoTTiTtion name.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
PhenylraothylpjTazolone
Phen yl-a-naphthj'Ianiine
Phenyl -1-naphth ylamine-S-sul-
phonic acid.
Phenyl rnsindnlinc and sulfate. .
64
Pounds.
'
Pounds.
23, 64
4,64, 84, 127, 130
64
387
$484
SI. 25
124,077
ni-Plienylcnediamine
4, 12, 25, 30, 34, 38, 84,
85, 127, 193.
64, 129
41,665
33,619
.81
636,646
m-Plionylenediamine, crude
m-Phenylenediamine sulphonic
64
acid.
p-Phenylenediamine and liydro-
ciiloridc.
Phthalamido
64, 79, 164, 165,185....
124, 188
308, 884
428, 858
1..39
342,111
Phthalic acid and anhydride. . ..
64, 124, 127, X
1,317,625
26, 889
461, 944
14,250
.35
.53
1, 629, 182
Picramic acid
23,25,64, 127, X
77, 127, 143
138, .'65
Primulinc, base
204, 563
Pyrazolone
130,147
Quinone
X
Resorcino], U. S. P
62, 144,X
Resorcinol, tech
127,144
Salicylic acid, U. S. P
Salicylic acid, tech
63, 120, 124, X,X
120, 124, X, X.
1,882,757
42,270
154,448
453,814
9,410
29,392
.24
.22
.19
3, 085, 882
336, 362
1,515 421
Sulphanilic acid
6, 25, 30, 38, 64, 85, 127,
147,181,193.
96
o-Sulphobenzoic acid
o-Sulphobenzoic acid, ammo-
96 :.:.;.:;
nium salt.
o-Sulphobenzoic acid, chloride of.
96
85
Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. .
Tetraethyldiaminobenzhydrol
(ethyl hydrol).
Tetraethyldiaminodiphenylme-
thane.
Tetramethyldiaminobenzhydrol
(Michler's hydrol).
Tetramethyldiarainobenzophe-
none (Michler's ketone).
Tetramethyldiaminodiphenyl-
metbane.
Thioaniline
64 ■
127
127
64, 77
23,64
64,84,127
192,132
4
Thiocarbanilide
ToliJine and salts
81, 127, 128, 159, X
38, 64, 127, 129. . .
938, 921
258,856 I
.27
2,591,856
138, 206
Toiidine base, crude
129
Tolidine disulphonic acid
X
o-Toluenc sulphamide
X
p-ToIuene sulphamide
X
29, 124
....
p-Toluenesulpho ethyl ester
Toluidine
127
1
64, 78, 127, 129
14,389
321,988
5,088 !
57,586 1
.35
.18
o-Toluidine
12,38,64,78,98,127,129.
64, 84, 127, 181
742,268
o-Toluidine sulphonic acid
p-Tolnidine
12,38,64,78,98,127,129.
64
282, 143
187,828 I
.67
793, 690
p-Toluidine, crude
p-Toluidine sulphooic acid (meta
1-Tolyl-I-naphthylamine-S-sul-
m-Tolylenediamine
38,64,198
10, 464
127
j
4, 6, 12, 30, 38, 64, 65,
84, 85, 127, 129, 203.
127.
291,408
1
275, 051
.94
958,761
m-Tolylenediamine sulphate
m-Tolylenediamine sulphonic
acid.
p-Tolylenediamine . .
127, 129. .
12.. . .
127,128
161, X
161, 174
Xylidine, mixed .
64
25, 38, 127, 129
142,317
46,676 1 .33 .
23, 129
23 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 6.— Comparison of production of coal-tar intermediates, 1921 and 1922.
Total intermediates .
Acetanilide, tech -. i* " "-i-'j '<
Aeetyl-p-phenylenediamine (p-amino acetanilide)
Aminoazobenzene
Aminoazotoluene -. .- -
l-Ainino-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid . . . ... . . ....
l-Amino-8-naphthol-3:6-disiilphonic acid (H acid)
2-Amino-8-naphthcl-6-sulphonic acid (gamma acid)
o-Aminophencl ■,■,--•.•,•
p-Aminophenol and hydrochloride
Aniline oil - :■•
Anthranilic acid (o-aminobenzoic acid)
Anthraquinone
Benzaldehyde
Benzidine base and sulphate
Benzoate of soda
Benzoic acid, U.S.P
Benzyl alcohol
Chlorob^nzene (mono)
Cinnamic acid ■,■%""■■ ■ V
Dehydrothio-p-toluidine sulphonic acid
Diaminostilbene disulphonic acid
Diethy 'aniline
Dimethvlaniline
Dinitrobenzene
DinitrocMorobenzene
Dinitrotrluene
Ethylbenzylaniline
Metanilie acid ■--■ • ; • • a- ■ ■•,• a'{'\
Naphthalene, solidifying 79° C. or above (refined flake)
a-Naphthrl
l-NaphtVV'-s\Whoni"cacidYNevYle"& Wm^^^^
1-N aphthol-5-siilphon ic acid
2-Napht.hrl-6-sulphonic acid (Schaeffer s acid)
2-Naphthol-3:fi-di-^ulphonic acid
2-Naphth'-l-fi:8-di?ulphonic acid
b-Naphthvbmine and hydrochloride . . ..... ..... - - . • - .
l-Naphthvlamine-4-snlphonic acid (naphthionic acid) .
l-NaphthvH.mine-5-sulphonic acid (Laurent s acid) . . .
1-Naphthvlaminc-a-sulphonic acid
l-NaphthVlamine-4:S-disulphonic acid
l-Naphthvlamine-3:6:S-trisulphonic acid
2-Naphthvlamine-l-sulphonic acid
2-Naphthvlamine-6:8-disulphonic acid
p-Nitroac'^tan lide
p-Nitroan In? .- -
p-NTif-oanil ne-i-sulphonic acid
N itrob mzpne (oil of mirbane)
p-Nitrnc' lorobenzene .-
p-Nitrop! en 1
Nitros idiraethylaniline
Nitrosophenol
Nitrotrliiene
o-Nitrot 1 lene
p-Nitrot luene - -
p-N itrotol lene-n-sulphonic acid
m-Nitro-p-t-'luidine :•■•■.%
Phenvl-l-naphthvlamine-8-sulphonic acid
m-Phenvlenediamine
Picramic acid
Salicylic acid U. S. P
Salicylic acid, tech
Sulphan lie acid
Thincarbanilide
o-Tolui ' ine
p-Tf luidinc '
m-Tol yl ::ndiamine
1,418,127
110,039
153,968
181,023
646,502
2,208,657
197,236
13,083
220,383
21,401,864
36,603
395, 107
156,502
1,131,963
566,349
104,469
3.373
4,151,312
1,138
29,112
70,433
42,040
2,327,561
2,066,367
6,243,116
2,098,252
129,340
277,071
17,419,998
229,240
3,255,901
334,740
61,765
78,320
464,918
94,206
322,716
1,194,677
62,213
175,302
268,032
2,433,508
217,752
206,728
129,238
1,563,665
54,197
37,833,561
432,618
107,940
94,a31
213,786
7,222,307
3,230,382
1,932,8,50
475,250
118,972
124,077
636,646
138,365
3,085,882
336,362
1,515,421
2,591,856
742,268
793,690
958,761
1,152,713
84,742
49,763
35,867
449,996
1,639,323
218,717
12,775
72,572
5,639,234
35,616
125,358
66,365
328, 577
381,154
190,483
17,152
1,692,624
778
18,204
66.909
32,812
566,286
894,209
2,408,472
1,065,323
16,949
50,647
13,553,777
95,735'
2,959,049
182,595
92,571
168,835
322,902
396,926
102,079
832,850
166,616
533,755
260,823
2,026,003
149,014
247,357
288,748
832,438
64,480
7,443,192
51,744
86,216
104,690
111,681
2,342,098
727,177
566,551
321,264
70,094
204,647
301,169
254,904
1,722,575
1,777,752
1,071,904
1,185.462
208, 505
268,629
621,359
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
29
Table 7. — Comparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914 with domestic pro-
duction, calendar years 1917-1922.
1914
1917
1918
Class.
I-P-ts. ^f-o?5*
United
States
production.
Per cent
of total.
United
States
production.
Per cent
of total.
Acid
Pounds.
9, 286, 501
3, 002, 480
10, 264, 757
1,512,605
4, 450, 442
7,053,879
10, 352, 663
8,407,359
1, 945, 304
27, 568
20.2
6 5
22.3
3.3
9.7
15.4
22.5
18. 3
4.2
.1
Pounds.
9,372,121
2,073,043
11,181,761
934,360
4,161,902
15, 588, 222
2S9, 296
274, 771
14,525
2,368,541
20.4
4.5
24 3
2.2
9.1
33.9
.6
.55
.05
5.0
Pounds.
9,799,071
2, 879, 639
12, 285, 683
1,068,466
5, 447, 192
23, 698, 826
3,281,337
3, 0.83, 888
197, 449
4,232
16 8
Basic
4 9
Direct
21.1
Lake and spirit-soluble
18
Mordant and chrome
9 3
Sulphur ....
40.5
Vats (including indigo)
5 6
(a) Indigo
5.3
(6) Other vats
.3
Unclassified
Total
45,950,895
100.0
45,977,246
100.0
58, 464, 446
100.0
Class.
Acid
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit-soluble
Mordant and chrome.. .
Sulphur
Vats (including indigo)
(a) Indigo
(6) Other vats
Unclassified
Total
1919
United
States
production.
Pounds.
12,195,968
4, 036, 532
14, 444, 934
1,813,199
3, 9a5, 050
17,624,418
9, 252, 982
8, 863, 824
389, 158
49,111
63, 402, 194
Per cent
of total.
19.2
64
22.8
2.8
6.3
27.8
14.6
14.0
.6
.1
1920
United
States
production,
Pounds.
17, 741, 538
4, 993, 001
19, 882, 631
2, 20.5, 281
3, 900, 209
20, 034, 500
19,338,099
18, 178, 231
1, 159, 868
168,517
100. 0 88, 263, 776
Per cent
of total.
20.1
5.7
22.5
2.5
4.4
22 7
21.9
20.6
1.3
.2
100.0
Imports.
Pounds.
733, 405
192, 163
571,581
17,527
709, 482
229, 140
932, 464
171,101
761,363
16, 820
3, 402, 582
Per cent
of total.
21.5
5.7
16.8
; .5
20.9
6 7
27 4
50
22.4
.5
100. 0
1921
1922
Class.
United
States
production.
Per
cent of
total.
Imports.
Per
cent of
total.
United
States
production.
Per
cent of
total.
Imports.
Per
cent of
total.
Acid
Pounds.
7,843,009
1,853,094
7, 0.5.3, 761
720, 406
3, 997, 442
10, 239, 255
7, 019, 120
6,673,968
345, 152
282,603
20.11
4.75
18.08
1.85
10.25
26.25
17.99
17.11
.88
.72
Pounds.
1, 455, 82:}
163, 527
537, 664
43,653
695,961
220, 938
1,1 16, .345
70, 975
1,04.5,370
19,100
34.24
3.84
12.64
1.02
16. 36
5.20
26. 25
1.66
24. 59
.45
Pounds.
9, 880, 014
2, 937, 585
11,931,737
1,009,512
3, 749, 701
16, 913, 767
16, 926, 744
15, 850, 752
1, 07.5, 992
1, 283,-l27
15. 29
4.54
18.46
1.56
5.80
26.17
26.19
24.52
1.67
1.99
Pounds.
601, 395
15.5, 084
671,621
76,853
716, 790
194, 883
1, 549, 024
505
1, 548, 519
16,981
15.10
Basic
3.89
Direct
16. 86
Lake and spirit-solu-
ble
1.93
Mordant and chrome.
Sulphur
18.00
4.89
Vats uncluding indi-
go)
38.90
(a) Indigo
(6) Other vats...
Unclassified
.01
38.!-9
.43
Total
39,008,690
100.00
4,252,911
100.00
64,632,187
100.00
3, 982, 631
100. 00
Dyes and Other Finished Coal-Tar Products.
introductory.
The finished coal-tar products are divided into the following eight
classes: (1) Dyes, (2) color lakes, (3) photographic chemicals (.devel-
opers), (4) medicinals, (5) flavors, (6) perfume materials, (7) synthetic
30 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
I
phenolic resins, (8) synthetic tanning materials. In previous reports *
the Tariff Commission has emphasized the close relationship that
exists between the manufacture of explosives, poison gases, and dyes
and the fact that many explosive plants since the signing of the
armistice have been converted into dye factories. During the war
the dye plants of Germ.any supplied the army of that country with
poison gases and explosives. The dye industry is also closely con-
nected with the manufacture of flavors, perfume materials, photo-
graphic chemicals, medicinal, and other coal-tar products, which,
although produced in smaller quantities than dyes, use many of the
by-products obtained in the manufacture of coal-tar dyes.
The production of dyes and other finished products in 1922 is shown
in Table 10 in as great detail as is possible without revealing the out-
put of individual manufacturers.
The total output of dyes and other finished coal-tar chemicals by
164 firms was 88,368,131 pounds compared with 51,457,565 pounds
by 147 firms in 1921. The total sales amounted to 93,370,065 pounds,
with a value of $57,067,326. The 1922 production represents a 72
per cent increase in quantity compared with 1921, and sales con-
stitute 54 per cent increase over that of the previous year.
DYES — SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION IN 1922.
Increased 'production.— The, domestic production of dyes by 87
firms was 64,632,187 pounds, an increase of 66 per cent over that of
the previous year. The sales totaled 69,107,105 pounds, valued at
$41,463,790. The pre-war production of coal-tar dyes by 7 firms in
1914 was 6,619,729 pounds, valued at $2,470,096. These dyes were
made almost entirely from intermediates imported chiefly from
Germany.
The general increase in dye production during 1922 was largely due
to the revival of business. Beginning about June, the textile and
other dye-consuming industries became more active, and during
the remaining months of the year the demand for dyes steadily
increased. This increase was general, extending to dyes of all
classes.
Large reduction in price of dyes. — A conspicuous feature of the dye
industry in 1922 was the reduction of 28 per cent in the average price
of all dyes from that of 1921. The average price of all dyes sold in
the United States was 60 cents per pound compared with 83 cents
in 1921 and $1.26 per pound in 1917.^
The substantial decrease in the selling price of dyes in 1922 is
illustrated by the reduction in price of the important dyes which
make up a large part of the total consumption. The average price
of indigo was 24 cents compared with 45 cents in 1921, a 47 per cent
decrease. Other dyes that declined in price in 1922 were Direct deep
black Il^W, 47 per cent; Sulphur black, 9 per cent; Agalma black lOB,
28 per cent; Nigrosine, 22 per cent; and Salicine black U, 27 per cent.
> Census of Dyes and Coal-Tar Chemicals, 1917 1921.
''■ As stated in the 1017 census the impart statistics show that for several years before the war artificial
dyes imported into the United States annually were valued at between S9,()00,000 and 810,000,000.
Furthermore, it is probable that the' cost of these dyes used in the United States to the primary consumers
(textile mills, tanners, etc.) was not less than .$20,',00,000 nor more than 3f25,COO,0(X) per year. The actual
importation of dyes in 1914, as stated in the Norton Census, was 4.'i,950,.S95 pounds. On the basis of the
above values and the 1914 quantity imported, the cost of the dyes to the consumer was from 44 to 53 cents
per pound, the invoice cost on the basis of invoice value of $10,000,000 would be 22 cents per pound.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 31
Notable reductions in price also occurred in the case of the special
and fast dyes. Indanthrene blue GCD declined 30 per cent; Alizarin,
20 per cent; Indanthrene dark blue BO, 29 per cent; Alizarin saphirol
B, 34 per cent; Wool green S, 41 per cent; and Eosine, 24 per cent.
The reduction of 28 per cent in the average price of dyes from
that of 1921 has occurred notwithstanding the development during
1922 and the production of new colors of greater value and com-
plexity. These have tended to increase the average price per pound
of all dyes produced.
Table 8 presents a comparison of the domestic sale prices of 100
dyes for the years 1917-1922, together with the invoice value of the
same dyes imported during the year 1914. The colors for which
statistics are given in this table represent about 90 per cent of the
domestic production of dyes in 1922. It should be noted that the
domestic sale prices are not directly comparable with the invoice
values in 1914. Invoice values do not represent the cost to the con-
sumer as they do not include the importer's profit, or in most cases
"charges for containers and packing, freight, and insurance to sea-
port, consular certification, minor shipping charges at point of
departure and at seaport. "
The Schultz number as indicated in column 1 is that of "Farbstoff-
Tabellen, " by Gustav Schultz, 1914 edition. In column 2 is shown
the common name of the dye as adopted by the Tariff Commission
for designating all dyes reported under a given Schultz number
(column 1). The invoice price (1914), as shown in column 3, repre-
sents the weighted average of all dyes classified under a given Schultz
number in "Artificial Dyestuffs Used in the United States," Depart-
ment of Commerce, Special Agents Series No. 121. These invoice
prices are considerably below the price at which the dyes were sold to
the consumer in this country. This weighted average value for all
types is usually higher than the invoice price per pound for dyes
representing the bulk of the importation under a given Schultz
number. The individual dyes imported under given Schultz numbers
in the Norton Census show a wide variation in price, frequently
amounting to several hundred per cent. This is due chiefly to the
great variation m the concentration of the different dyes and also
to the variation in prices of special and pure brands, which are more
costly than the ordinary brands. Column 4 gives the domestic sales
price as reported to the Tariff Commission. This represents the
weighted average price of all manufacturers for those dyes reported
under a given Schultz number. Most of these prices were published
in the "Census of Dyes and Coal-Tar Chemicals, for the years,
1917-1921."
32
Table 8.
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
-Domestic sale prices of dyes, 1917-1922, compared with invoice values of the
same dyes imported, 1914.
Name,
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weighted
average
of all
types).
Average price per pound.
Schultz
No.
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
9
Direct yellow R
«0. 178
.162
.239
.200
.136
.165
.133
.148
.150
.077
.154
.604
.095
.159
.411
.164
.176
.249
.081
.256
.130
.118
.198
.188
.138
.127
.0&3
.149
.156
.252
.134
.165
.143
.166
.110
.144
.172
.186
.183
.270
.179
. 255
.133
.041
.231
.189
.362
.194
.133
.209
.234
.267
.222
.275
.440
.144
.139
S2.55
$2.61
$1.74
$1.49
1.53
1.88
1.86
.87
.79
1.04
1.22
1.78
.63
.86
1.51
.80
.93
5.33
1.64
.43
2.08
.62
1.55
1.65
1.04
1.43
2.28
2.11
1.26
1.52
.81
1.10
1.95
1.29
2.23
2.64
2.26
1.80
.87
1.55
.84
.91
2.81
.86
2.97
2.49
.88
1.07
1.08
2. .59
1.99
1.46
1.67
2.47
1.98
1.88
2.11
2.43
1.03
.99
1.51
1.20
1.60
1.58
1.39
2.48
3.32
4.23
5.22
4.67
2.39
6.S'2
5.21
5.90
$1.07
1.22
1.60
l.SO
.77
.78
.86
.96
1.46
.53
.69
1.25
.73
.84
3.89
1.20
1.04
1.85
.51
1..53
1.25
.96
1.26
1.96
3.23
.99
1.63
.98
.75
1.67
1.09
1..56
1.41
1.74
1.48
.94
1.25
.78
.85
2.03
.89
2.17
1.48
.69
.86
.99
2.09
1.65
1.20
1.03
2. .33
1.53
1.67
1.90
1.39
.79
.71
1.21
1.03
1.15
1.45
1.06
2.02
1.97
3. 68
3.94
3.28
1.66
2.91
3.64
3.42
$0.88
10
Stilbene j^ellow
11
Chloramine orange G
3.32
1.50
1.09
1.22
1.13
1.25
3.04
.59
.83
"'i.'is'
1.46
'"'2.24"
1.32
2.04
.98
1.90
2.86
1.91
.77
1.22
.89
.92
1.16
.68
.91
.88
.79
1.02
5.50
1.61
.85
2.02
.68
2.00
1.99
2.04
1.04
1.12
.88
1.04
.97
.72
.84
.81
.80
.91
5.15
1.65
'""i.'gs'
.63
1.68
1 32
23
Tartrazine
1 08
33
Chrysoidine Y
.63
34
Chrysoldine R
.63
37
Croceine orange
.77
38
Orange G
.58
42
Amido naphthol red G
.83
48
Alizarin yellow G
.50
58
Alizarin yellow R
.61
66
Amido naphthol red 6 B
.66
82
Ponceau 2 R
.61
112
Bordeaux B
.75
119
Diamine rose
3.01
134
Metanil yellow
.92
137
Acid yellow G
1.03
141
Azo yellow
1.30
145
Orange II
.38
154
Palatine chrome brown
1.34
157
Diamond black P. V
161
Fast red A
1.19
2.71
2.25
1.31
1.44
1.25
.74
2.92
2.25
1.08
1.35
2.50
2. 25
2.25
1.89
2. .50
1.17
1.48
12. 64
2.47
"2." ,56"
2.00
2.00
1.97
1.03
1.51
1.25
.88
1.16
2.38
1.35
1.62
2.25
1.26
1.92
2.10
2.25
2.10
.84
1.40
.81
.97
5.71
2.01
""3." 2.5"
1.37
1.56
1.53
1.05
1.43
2.20
2.98
1.32
.39
1.89
1.25
2.02
1.47
2.41
2.67
2.21
1.91
1.01
1.48
1.01
1.04
2.53
1.12
3.32
2.72
1.00
.88
1.36
2.72
2.20
1.80
1.69
2.07
3.18
2.40
3.08
1.97
1.04
1.04
1.85
2.14
1.65
1.83
1.23
3.08
3.26
4.66
.5.12
4. .57
2.44
4.86
4.93
6.35
.83
163
Azo rubine
.92
164
Fast red V. R
1.50
168
Amaranth
.86
169
Cochineal red
.76
173
Lithol red R
1.25
177
Mordant vellow
.76
181
Salicine black U
.55
188
Sulphon acid blue R
.91
217
Agalma black 10 B
.79
227
Brilliant croceine
1.09
236
Wool red B
1.02
257
Sulphon cyanine G
1.21
265
Sulphon cyanine black
1.14
266
Naphthvlamine black D
.66
275
Diamond black
.94
283
Bismark brown
.66
284
Bismark brown 2 R
.63
304
Chrysophenine G
1.70
307
Congo rod
.65
327
Diamine violet N
1.44
333
Oxamine black B H N
.91
337
Benzoblue 2 B
.48
340
Benzo orange R
.89
342
Chrysamine G
.93
343
Diamine fast red F
Diamine brown
1.39
344
""2.' 82'
2.32
2.60
2.46
2.23
4.73
3.00
1.10
363
Benzo puri^urine 4 B
.90
391
Benzo blue 3 B
.78
405
Benzo ijurnurine 10 B
1.64
410
Benzazurine G
1.28
419
Chicago blue R W .
1.45
424
Chicago bhie 6 B
"'5.' 66"
.75
"4.' 46'
.85
1..52
420
Benzamine pure blue
1.22
462
Direct deep black E W
.42
463
Erie direct black R X
.61
474
Oxamine green B
.174
.230
2.30
2.16
1.80
2.00
1.80
3.08
6.28
"'s.'ot'
9.10
3.!^4
4.85
8.50
4.71
10.78
11.91
6.98
10.00
2.20
2.09
1.70
2.25
1..50
3.76
5. 60
5.63
8. in
7.72
2.78
5. .56
7. on
8.33
8.68
8.46
"15.' 92'
.92
475
Oxamine green G
.98
476
.73
477
Congo brown G
.194
.170
.240
.241
.221
. 255
.294
.248
.368
.2*1
.409
. 305
..312
.353
.415
.88
485
Benzo brown G
.93
493
1.66
495
Malachite green
1.22
499
Brilliant green
502
Guinea green
1.77
512
Magenta
2.26
515
Methyl violet
1.29
521
Aniline blue
4.56
.530
Acid violet
1.86
.536
Alkali blue
2.42
.5i3
Patent blue
559
Vif toria blue B
3.6,';
5. P5
6.90
,5.14
4.99
6.72
3.86
1.88
.566
Wool trreen S
i.io
573
Rhodamine B
PRODUCTION OF DYES AXD COAL-TAE, CHEMICALS, 1922.
33
Table 8. — Domestic sale prices of dyes, 1917-1922, compared with invoice values of the
same dyes imported, 1914 — Continued.
Schultz
No.
587
606
616
617
626
659
679
697
698
699
700
720
725
739
763
778
779
782
842
849
874
877
Name.
Eosine
Phosphine
Primuline
Columbia yellow ,
Gallocyaniae
Methylene blue
Saframne
Induliuo (spirit soluble)
Nigrosine f spirit soluble)
Induline (water soluble)
Nigrosine (water soluble)
Sulphur yellow
Sulphur black
Sulphur blue
Sulphur brown
Sulphur tan
Sul phur maroon
Indanthrene dark blue B O .
Alizarin
Alizarin orange
Alizarin bro\vTi
Indanthrene blue G CD
Indanthrene yellow
Indigo synthetic
Indigo extract
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weighted
average
of all
types).
Average price per pound.
1917
SO. 418
.352
.144
.1.36
.347
.390
.359
.198
.126
.258
.149
,100
,107
.186
.227
.100
.224
.290
.354
.334
.128
.340
$8.58
6.00
4.43
3.00
5.96
3.09
5.93
5.41
1.11
1.51
.80
.99
.60
1.63
.55
1.42
.38
1918
S7.S1
6.00
3.04
3.56
5.12
2.80
5.85
1.46
.71
.70
.63
1.09
.29
1.45
.48
.65
1.95
"Vio'
.62
1919
$6.30
3.86
1.71
2.66
3.03
3.03
4.02
.53
.71
.67
.59
.83
.37
1.11
.47
.34
1.23
1.58
1.45
1.58
6.96
17.62
.59
.64
1920
1921
$2.51
3.70
1.37
1.59
2.44
1.94
2.60
.75
.70
.96
.68
.73
.23
.64
.38
.59
.95
2.31
.65
1.32
2.41
3.76
.45
.65
1922
$1.90
2.05
1.07
1.29
1.92
1.40
1.69
.94
.54
.82
.53
.78
.21
.60
.40
.56
.79
1.65
.26
.26
Ontput of vat and alizarin dyes increases over 200 per cent. — The
large increase in the production of vat d3'es which are used for dye-
ing and printing fast shades on cotton goods, and to a less extent on
silk, denotes great progress in the domestic dye industry. These
dyes are derived from anthraquinone; they are of great complexity
and their production presents serious difficulties. Their use steadily
increases with the growing demand for fast shades; the increase in the
price of cotton goods also favors the use of more costly but better dyes.
The production of this class of dyes is still below the domestic
recjuirements, and further increases in output are therefore desirable.
Alizarin, used in the production of the well-known Turkey red, and a
number of alizarin derivatives used in dyeing fast shades on wool,
show conspicuous increases. The total output of the anthraquinone
dyes in 1922 was 1,234,963 pounds. The production of vat dyes
other than indigo in that year was 1,075,992 pounds, compared with
345,152 pounds for 1921.
Many new dyes produced. — New dyes were produced in 1922 for
dyeing silk, cotton, and wool. These include vats, the alizarins for
wool, developed cotton dyes, mordant and acid colors. These dyes
were previously imported; their production gives a more complete
range of fast and special colors of domestic origin for the textile
industries. Their manufacture was the result of laborious research
and painstaking investigation both in the laboratory and in the dye
plant, and the successful production is highly creditable to the in-
dustry. Many other new dyes have been added to the manufacturing
list since January, 1923.
Part V of this report contains a list of the dyes imported in greatest
quantities during 1922. From this list may be deduced the deficien-
cies of the domestic industry in meeting the needs of the dye-con-
suming: manufacturers.
34 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Quality of American dyes. — The satisfactory quality of American
dyes is one of the evidences of marked progress made by the domes-
tic industry. It can be stated conservatively that, dye for dye, with
relatively few exceptions, the domestic products are the equal of the
pre-war German product; in a few cases they are superior. Dyes of
domestic manufacture are now supplying more than 90 per cent of
the requirements of the textile and other dye-consuming industries.
In the early stages of the domestic dye industry, after the out-
break of the war, there was a lack of uniformity in the strength and
quality of many dyes. This condition no longer prevails, as do-
mestic manufacturers after much painstaking research are able
to market dyes uniformly standardized and of high quality. This
is one of the significant accomplishments of the domestic dye
industry.
The manager of a large cotton printing, dyeing, and finishing
concerns states: ''In sharp contrast to the conditions that prevailed
before the war, I may say that at the present time more than 90
per cent of the total poundage of dyes required to operate our plants
are made in America. Type for type, they are the equivalent of
the German product, and we are able to do fully as good work with
the American dyes of the same type as we ever were able to do
before the war when operating wholly with German dyes."
One of the largest silk manufacturing concerns reports that over
84 per cent of the dyes consumed in its plants in 1922 were manu-
factured in the United States, and that the average price paid for
American dyes in that year was $1.09, which compared very favor-,
ably with the pre-war average price of 67 cents per pound.
In an Institutional Story advertisement, the largest domestic
manufacturer of woolen goods, referring to American textile mUls,
states :
They are employing American dyes that are as fast and as eflScient as any foreign
dyes ever were.
Relation of production to consumption. — Imports of dyes in 1922
were 3,982,631 pounds ^ and the invoice value was $5,243,257. Pro-
duction in that year amounted to 64,632,187 pounds, valued at $38,-
779,312. Imports were, accordingly, 6.2 per cent of total production
by quantity and 13.5 per cent by value. It should be noted, how-
ever, that in the comparison by value the cost to the consumer of
imported dyes is greater than the invoice value, so that the true
ratio of sales value of imports to value of production is greater than
the estimate of 13.5 per cent given.
Exports of "color lakes, and other colors, dyes, and stains" during
1922 totaled 6,956,593 pounds, valued at $3,023,127. The domestic
consumption of dyes is assumed to equal production plus imports
minus exports, or 61,658,225 pounds for the year. In volume pro-
duction was 104.8 per cent of domestic consumption. Imports con-
stituted 6.5 per cent by quantity, and production about 93.5 per cent
of apparent consumption. In 1914 imports were about 90 per cent
of consumption.
The RuJir occupation.— The occupation of the Kuhr by the French
Army has been of great interest to the chemical world, owing to the
• This figure is in excess of the actual quantity imported, owing to the fact that most of the vat dyes
have been reduced to a single strength basis.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 35
fact that a large number of the chemical and dye factories of Germany
are located in the occupied section. The export restrictions of
the French and Germans, the conflict between the two authori-
ties, together with the hindrances to transportation and other
abnormal conditions, have resulted in a partial paralysis of the
export trade of Germany in both dyes and chemicals. Prior
to the war Germany dominated the world's dye and organic chemical
markets. After the outbreak of the war the large dye-consuming
nations, such as China, the United States, Great Britain, and France,
suffered an acute shortage of dyes, owing to the shutting off of the
German supply. Subsequently the United States, Great Britain, and
France developed their own dye and organic chemical industries.
The occupation of the Ruhr was probably as little expected by the
textile mills and dye and chemical consumers as was the war itself.
Fortunately, however, for domestic dye consumers the dye industry
of the United States is able to supply more than 90 per cent of do-
mestic consumption. Regardless of the outcome of the Ruhr occu-
pation, this country is no longer completely dependent on Germany
for dyes and organic chemicals, as was the case prior to 1914, and
consumers have no present reason to fear another dye famine.
Production of Dyes by Classes.
The dyes produced in the United States in 1922 are classified
according to method of application as follows: (1) Acid dyes, (2)
basic dyes, (3) direct dyes, (4) lake and spirit-soluble dyes, (5) mor-
dant or chrome dyes, (6) sulphur dyes, (7) vat dyes, subdivided into
indigo and other vats, and (8) unclassified dyes. While in certain
cases the classification of a color is arbitrary, because a dye may have
properties which permit of its application by more than one method,
it is believed that the above classifications facilitate the comparison
of production and import figures.
The production of dyes in the United States from 1917 to 1922,
inclusive, as compared with the imports during the fiscal year 1914
and the calendar years 1920 and 1922, are arranged according to the
classes given above in Table 7.
ACID DYES.
Description. — The acid dyes are commonly applied in an acid bath;
they have acid properties and are usually sodium salts of a color acid.
They constitute the most important group used in wool dyeing, being
especially adapted to the dyeing of hosiery and carpet yarns, suitings,
dress goods, and hat materials; they have, in addition, considerable
application on silk. They are little used on cotton or linen because
of their lack of affinity for vegetable fibers, but are of value in the
dyeing of jute. In general, their use is largely confined to goods not
requiring repeated washings.
Acid dyes yield clear, bright shades. They are superior to the
direct and mordant dyes in purity of shade, but are not equal to
basic dyes in this respect. They have a wide color range, and in
fastness they show great individual variation; as a rule they are
fairly fast to light and acids, and have a tendency to bleed in washing.
They yield faster shades on wool than on silk. Some of the more
complex acid dyes produce shades of good general fastness. A con-
siderable part of this group is of the lowest-priced dyes produced.
36 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Their method of application in an acid bath is simple and of low
labor cost.
The line of demarcation between acid dyes and certain colors of the
direct and mordant groups is arbitrary. Certain acid dyes when
*'aftertreated" with sodium or potassium dichromate, yield shades of
good fastness to milling, light, washing, and other agents. These
dyes, known as acid chrome colors, are used chiefly on wool, especially
on loose wool yarns and piece goods, such as men's suitings. Most
of the acid dyes are chemically included in one of the following
groups: (1) Nitro compounds, (2) azo compounds, (3) sulphonated
basic dyes (mostly triphenylmethane derivatives).
Production. — Acid dyes rank fourth in order of quantity produced,
totaling 9,880,014 pounds, or 15.29 per cent of all dyes manufactured.
The production in 1921 was 7,843,009 pounds.
Three acid dyes exceeded a million pounds each in production.
Of these, Agalma black lOB, with a total production of 1,645,373
pounds, ranked fifth in quantity of all dyes manufactured. Sales of
this color amounted to 2,032,531 pounds, valued at $1,603,149; the
price decreased from $1.09 per pound in 1921 to 79 cents in 1922.
The output of Orange II was 1,341,971 pounds. Nigrosine (water
soluble), with a total of 1,338,063 pounds, showed an increase of 100
per cent over 1921. Tartrazine, with a slight decrease in production
from the previous year, totaled 551,480 pounds. Other important
bulk acid dyes include Indigo extract, the output of which was
543,044 pounds; Azo rubine, 372,060 pounds ; Metanil yellow, with
a large increase to 290,502 pounds. The output of the diphenyl-
naphthylmethane color, Wool green S, which was produced for the
first time in 1920, reached 256,461 pounds in 1922. Ponceau 2R,
Fast red A, Bordeaux B, Brilliant croceine, Sulphoncyanine black,
and Victoria violet recorded large increases in output in 1922 and an
individual output of over 146,000 pounds.
Sulphoncyanine G again declined in production during 1922, the
total amounting to 152,807 pounds. The maximum output of this
color was 365,998 pounds in 1921. Other dyes which recorded
decreases for 1922 include Patent blue A, Fast red VR, Fast acid
violet lOB, and Guinea green.
No production was reported for Patent blue V. There was a
deficiency also in certain of the acid alizarins, such as Alizarin rubinol.
On the other hand, the production of Alizarin saphirol B showed a
noteworthy increase to 180,284 pounds. Sales of this dye ranked
fifth in value, totaling $789,365. The average price declined from
$6.22 in 1921 to $4.08 per pound in 1922. Other notable increases
were in the output of Fast light yellow. Xylene yellow, and Fast
acid fuchsine. Among the new acid dyes reported m 1922 are Pala-
tine black, Crumpsall yellow, Fast acid blue, and Phloxine.
/mporte.— The imports of acid dyes during 1922 amounted to only
601,395 pounds, or 15 per cent of all dyes imported, compared with
1,455,823 pounds in 1921, w^hen this class ranked first in quantity of
dyes imported. The imports during the pre-war year 1914 amounted
to 9,286,501 pounds. The six leading acid dyes in order of quantity
imported in 1922 were: Fast green, 52,498 pounds; Patent blue,
49,136 pounds; Kiton fast yellow, 46,753 pounds; Alizarin rubinol,
26,457 pounds; Erioglaucine, 25,852 pounds; and Fast light yellow,
25,555 pounds.
PKODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 3?
BASIC DYES.
Description. — The basic dyes surpass all others in depth brilliancy
of shade, and purity of tone. They possess high tinctorial power, but
as a class lack fastness, especially to light and washing.
Basic colors are used on cotton in dyeing and printing, where
bright shades or color tints are desired without special requirements
for fastness. They are also employed in the dyeing of paper and
jute and for lithographic inks, typewriter ribbons, copy paper, and
Eencils. With the exception of Rnodamine B and a few others they
ave little application on wool. Dyes of this class are chemically
basic in character and are fixed on vegetable fibers with an acid
mordant, namely, tannic acid.
They are historically the oldest of the coal-tar dyes. Mauvine
or Perkin violet, discovered by W. H. Perkin in 1856, was the first
aniline dyestuff produced on a commercial scale. Basic dyes are not
as important as formerly; for cotton dyeing they have been super-
seded by direct and sulphur dyes, which have advantages in economy
of application and in many cases possess better fastness. In wool
dyeing the acid dyes have almost entirely displaced the basic colors.
Chemically, the basic dyes include a large number of the triphenyl-
methane derivatives, and, in addition, members of the following
classes: (1) Azines, (2) azos, (3) thioazines, (4) thioazols, and (5)
acridines.
Production. — The 1922 output of basic dyes was 2,937,585 pounds,
or 4.54 per cent of the total, as compared with 1,853,094 pounds in
1921. There was a general increase in the output of individual basic
dyes and accompanied by conspicuous price reductions in this group.
With a few exceptions, the domestic manufacture of this class of dyes
is well developed. Imports of 1922 were only 155,084 pounds, or 3.9
per cent of the total compared with 3,002,480 pounds in 1914.
The leading basic dye produced in 1922 was Bismarck brown 211,
the output of which was 658,060 pounds; the sales amounted to
702,247 pounds, valued at $442,394. Chrysoidine Y, with total pro-
duction of 538,733 pounds, showed a gain of more than 100 per cent
over the previous year. Methylene blue, with an output of 372,077
pounds, and Methyl violet, with a total of 350,564 pounds, both
recorded gains over the previous year. The production of Auramine
by 5 firms was 344,827 pounds, the highest since its first production
during the war and an increase of 265 per cent over 1921. The
price receded from S2.02 per pound in 1921 to $1.66 per pound in 1922.
The imports of Auramine in 1914, when the entire consumption was
obtained from abroad, totaled 449,276 pounds, receding to 35,532
pounds in 1921 and to 12,599 pounds in 1922. The output of Safranine
recorded a large gain to 138,590 pounds. The output of Rhodamine
B showed a marked increase. Conspicuous exceptions to the general
increase in output of basic dyes were Rhodamine 6G and Phosphine.
Declines in the production of these two dyes were reflected in an
increase of imports. The five leading basic dyes in quantity imported
during 1922 were Phosphine, 51,711 pounds; Rhodamine 6G, 13,545
pounds; Auramine, 12,599 pounds; Thioflavine T, 6,765 pounds;
and Methylene green, 6,069 pounds.
38 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION.
DIRECT COTTON DYES.
Description. — The direct or substantive dyes have been introduced
within the past 25 years. Their method of apphcation is simple, as
they dye vegetable fibers full shades in a neutral or alkaline bath,
"directly," without the use of mordants. Although their principal
application is on cotton, they are of special value in dyeing fabrics
containing both cotton and wool (union goods) or silk and cotton.
They are also used on linen, silk, and paper and to an increasing
extent on wool, especially for knitting yarns, worsted and shoddy
yarns, and loose wool.
In fastness, individual dyes of this group show a wide variation.
On account of their high solubility they have a tendency to run
when washed. Many direct dyes, particularly those first introduced,
are sensitive to acids and fade on exposure to sunlight; others, espe-
cially the newer direct dyes, have good fastness to both acids and light
as well as to other agents. Certain direct colors are of good fastness,
particularly to washing, after a treatment of the dyed fiber by ''cou-
f)ling" with certain intermediates. An aftertreatment with metal-
ic salts or formaldehyde also improves the fastness of certain direct
dyes. These "developed" direct dyes were not available in the early
part of the war; the ordinary direct dyes then used for hosiery
caused much dissatisfaction on the part of the consumer. Developed
blacks, such as Zambezi black V, are now manufactured in this
country for hosiery.
With a few exceptions the direct dyes are chemically "azo" com-
pounds and are nearly all derivatives of benzidine, tolidine, diamino
stilbene, or a group closely approximating one of these. A small but^
valuable group of direct colors belongs in the thiazol class.
Production. — The direct cotton dyes ranked third in quantity pro-
duced in 1922 with a total of 11,931,737 pounds, or 18.46 per cent of
all dyes manufactured. In 1921 the output of this group was
7,053,761 pounds, or 18 per cent of total production for that year.
The imports of direct colors in 1922 were 671,621 pounds, or 16.86 per
cent of all dyes imported. In 1914 the imports totaled 10,264,757.
pounds.
Direct deep black EW, with a total of 5,326,457 pounds, ranked
third of all dyes manufactured. Sales of this color amounted to
6,009,842 pounds, valued at $2,504,197, while the price showed a con-
spicuous decline from 79 cents in 1921 to 42 cents per pound in 1922.
Oxamine black BHN, with an output of 700,015 pounds, showed a gain
of 148 per cent over that of 1921. The price decreased from $1.48
per pound in 1921 to 91 cents per pound in 1922.
Benzamine brown 3 GO again ranked second in quantity of produc-
tion, 695,602 pounds, compared with 491,347 pounds in 1921. The
price of this color declined from $1.15 in 1921 to 73 cents per pound
m 1922. Benzo blue 2B showed a shght gain in output to 593,487
pounds. The stilbene dye. Direct yellow R, recorded a gain of 144
per cent to 375,224 pounds, while Benzo purpurine 4B increased 100
per cent to 309,384 pounds. The total output of thiobenzenyl dyes,
Primuline and Columbia yellow, was 252,450 and 230,204 pounds,
respectively. Other important bulk direct dyes were Congo brown
G, with a production of 234,963 pounds; Oxamine green B, 215,140
pounds; Erie direct black RX, with a decline to 181,308 pounds;
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 39
Chrysophenine G, 168,454 pounds; and Columbia black, with a very
large increase to 161,718 pounds.
Perhaps the most important development in this group of colors in
1922 was the addition of a range of developed direct dyes which are of
great value in producing shades of good fastness on cotton and silk.
Of this class Zambesi black D, which presents great difficulties in its
identification and manufacture, recorded a very large gain. This
black is consumed in large quantities by the hosiery industry. The
Gamma acid, Chicago acid, and J acid derivatives showed conspicu-
ous increases in production. Among the direct dyes which showed a
smaller tonnage in consumption and yet are of great value to the
textile trade are Chicago blues. Diamine rose. Diamine scarlet, Benzo
fast scarlets, Benzo fast pink. Diamine violet N, Diamine catechine.
Diamine fast blue FFD, Rosanthrene AW,' L, B, R, Rosanthrene
orange, and Congo fast blue R. The six leadmg direct dyes in quan-
tity of imports are: Trisulphon brown, 45,697 pounds; Trisulphon
brown GG, 37,648 pounds; Toluylene orange, 36,920 pounds; Di-
phenyl red, 33,945 pounds; Diammogene blue, 18,620 pounds; Chloran-
tine fast violet, 18,188 pounds.
MORDANT AND CHROME DYES.
Description. — These colors, in conjunction with metallic mordants,
such as salts of chromium, aluminum, iron, and tiii, dye both vege-
table and animal fibers. The resulting shades are, in general, of
exceptional fastness to color-destroying agents. The mordant dyes
yield on wool the fastest shades to light, washing, and other agents.
They are also important in textile printing, particularly on cotton
piece goods, but are little used on silk.
The mordant dyes are frequently designated as chrome colors. As
many of these colors are derived from alizarin, they were formerly
called alizarin dyes. The true alizarins are generally used with a
mordant; some of the new alizarins, known as acid alizarins, can be
used either with or without. In the application of chrome dyes on
wool, the mordant may be applied before, during, or after the dyeing
operation. Certain dyes may be acid, acid chrome, or chrome,
according to the method of application. The labor cost of dyeing
with mordant and chrome dyes is higher than for other groups.
The most important dye of this class, alizarin, is used in the produc-
tion of the well-known Turkey red on cotton. This is one of the
shades produced in ancient times from the madder root. Alizarin
has been prepared synthetically from anthracene for about 50 years.
Chemically, the mordant dyes are members of the following
chemical classes: (1) Anthracene, (2) azo, (3) oxazine, (4) triphenyl-
methane, (5) nitroso, (6) oxyquinone, and (7) xanthone.
Production. — The output of mordant and chrome colors in 1922
was 3,749,701 pounds, or 5.8 per cent of all dyes produced. This is
a slight decrease from 1921, when 3,997,442 pounds were produced.
The imports of this class in 1922 were 716,790 pounds, or 18 per
cent of the total; in 1914, prior to the extensive development of the
industry, they totaled 4,450,442 pounds. Although the mcrease in
the output of individual dyes and the j)roduction of new dyes reflect
definite progress in this branch of the industry durmg 1922, further
development is desirable.
il
40 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Salicine black U ranked first among the mordant and chrome dyes
in quantity produced, totaling 1,165,939 pounds, with sal«s of 1,114,-
275 pounds valued at $612,008. The decrease from the 1921 figure
may be attributed in part to the increased output of other wool
blacks. The average price per pound decreased from 75 cents in
1921 to 55 cents in 1922.
The output of Eriochrome black T was 303,085 pounds, a very lar^e
increase over that of 1921. The imports totaled 132,388 pounds m
1921, but in 1922 receded to 13,977 pounds.
Production in large quantity of Eriochrome black A was reported
for the first time in 1922. This dye was imported in larger quantities
in 1921 than any other, totaling, 224,002 pounds as compared with
24,499 pounds in 1922. The production of Erichrome blue black B
showed a large gain to 92,163 pounds. Alizarin yellow G ranked
second among this class of dyes, with an output of 441,699 pounds,
compared with 271,285 pounds for the previous year. This dye was
consumed in large amounts for army uniforms during the war.
Metachrome brown B held third place, with a total of 312,828
pounds.
Among the mordant and chrome dyes showing a large output are
Alizarin yellow R, 198,362 poimds; Diamond black, 176,988 pounds;
Gallocyanine, 82,253 pounds; Alizarin brown. Palatine chrome
brown, Diamond flavine G, Palatine chrome red B, and Mordant
yellow were also made in quantity.
Alizarin showed a conspicuous increase in output. The imports for
1922 were 27,086 pounas, compared with 136,283 pounds for the
previous year. Important alizarin derivatives now produced in the
United States are Alizarin GI, Alizarin SX, Alizarin orange, Alizarin
redS.
Production was reported in 1922 for Prune pure, Fast mordant
yellow, Milling orange G, Alizarin black. Anthracene chrome black,
Chrome brown RR, Anthracene chromate brown EB, Anthracene
chrome violet AA, Anthracene acid brown, and Alizarin blue black.
The eight leading mordant and chrome dyes in the order of quantity
imported during 1922 are: Anthracene blue WR, 52,364 pounds; Aliza-
rin saphirol B, 46,596 pounds; Erio chrome azurol BC 43,191 pounds;
Alizarin blue S, 32,916 pounds; Gallamine blue, 29,237 pounds;
Alizarin, 27,086 pounds; Alizarin viridine, 25,910 pounds; Alizarin
red, 25,872 pounds.
SULPHUR DYES.
Description. — This group of dyes produce heavy, deep shades of
blue, green, brown, and black. They are used almost entirely in
cotton dyeing, being especially adapted to uniform cloths, hosiery,
gingham yarns, and cotton warps to be woven with wool and later
dyed with acid dyes. Their greatly extended use during the war
served to increase permanently their application in cotton dyeing.
Sulphur colors are also used in the dyeing of linen and artificial silk.
The sulphur dyes possess excellent fastness to washing, fulling,
alkalies, and acids in cross dyeing. With some exceptions, their fast-
ness to light is good. As they are not fast to chlorine, they do not
withstand the repeated bleaching action of hypochlorites in the mod-
ern laundry treatment. They are applied in a sodium sulphide
solution with after treatment in certain cases with metallic salts to
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 41
improve their fastness. The first dye discovered in this group,
"Cachou de Laval/' was made in 1867 by the fusion of sawdust
with sodium sulphide and sulphur. Sulphur dyes are now prepared
by the fusion of various intermediates (contammg the nitro, amino,
or imino groups) with sodium sulphide and sulphur. These dyes are
not pure, distinct compounds, and the presence of other substances
render them of comparatively low color value. Recent develop-
ments, however, have greatly increased the tinctorial value and range
of shade of many of them. •
Production. — Sulphur dyes ranked second in quantity of output
with a total of 16,913,767 pounds, or 26.17 per cent of the total
production in 1922. This group ranked first in output during the
years 1917-1921. The manufacture of sulphur dyes received the
early attention of dye manufacturers and is now well developed
both in variety, quality, and quantity. The small amount of the
imports during the last two years (totaling 194,883 pounds in 1922) in-
dicates that the domestic sulphur dyes supply nearly all requirements.
Sulphur black constituted 20 per cent of the total production of all
dyes in 1922, with an output of 12,877,649 pounds and sales of
13,401,540 pounds, valued at $2,869,933. This is a large increase
over 1921, when the output was 7,832,696 pounds. The average
price of sulphur black during 1922 was 21 cents per pound com-
pared with 23 cents in 1921 and 60 cents in 1917. The output of sul-
phur browns was 1,778,780 pounds. The sulphur blues which include
a variety of dyes showed a noteworthy increase from 190,621 pounds
in 1921 to 865,091 pounds in 1922. Increases were also recorded in
the output of Sulphur green, Olive, Tan, and Yellow, while the pro-
duction of Sulphur maroon decreased slightly. New sulphur dyes
reported include blues, greens, browns, orange, and yellows.
The five leading sulphur dyes imported during 1922 were Thionol
brown, 48,750 pounds; Eclipse brown, 35,991 pounds; Cross-dye green,
27,834 pounds; Thionol yellow, 26,682 pounds; and Sulphur green,
24,872 pounds.
VAT DYES.
Description. — Vat dyes, on account of their exceptional fastness,
variety, and beauty of shade, are of special importance for cotton
goods where laundry-fast dyes are necessary. They are used
on both dyed and printed shirtings, blouse material, dress goods,
ginghams, muslin curtains, and other cotton wash goods. Because
of their high cost, they have comparatively limited use for solid or
heavy shades but are used for color stripes or for small printed pat-
terns on a white background. They possess technical advantages in
application over the alizarin mordant dyes. They are little used on
wool, because they must be applied in an alkaline bath, a process
that is injurious to wool.
The vat dyes as a class possess exceptional fastness to light, wash-
ing, acids, alkalies, and in most cases to chlorine. Certain vat dyes
possess good fastness to only a part of these agents. No other class
of dyes possesses an equal fastness to chlorine. The use of vat
dyes is increasing, and they promise to be of greater importance
in the cotton dyeing and printing industry as their comparatively
high cost is reduced.
52805—23 i
42 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
With the exception of indigo, which is one of the oldest dyes
known, vat dyes are of recent origin. They are difficult to manu-
facture, of relatively high cost, and are among the most complex of
dyes. Chemically, they are divided into indigoids (including
thioindigoids) , anthraquinone derivatives, and the carbazole deriva-
tives. Separate dyes of these different classes were made in the
United States during 1922, with the exception of the thioindigoids,
which include scarlets and reds.
Production. — Classified by method of application the production
in 1922 of vat dyes including indigo ranked first, totaling 16,926,744
pounds, or 26.19 per cent of total output.
Indigo. — The production of indigo alone for 1922 was 15,850,752
pounds, or 24.52 per cent of total production of dyes. This rep-
resents a large increase over 1921, when the output was 6,673,968
pounds, but it does not equal the output of 1920, when the maximum
figure was 18,178,231 pounds. During that year, the United States
exported large quantities of indigo to China. Sales of indigo in 1922
were 16,106,020 pounds, valued at $3,922,541. The average price
was 24 cents per pound compared with 45 cents in 1921, and $1.45
per pound in 1917. Indigo has recently sold below 20 cents per
pound, indicating sharp competition between domestic manufacturers
of this product.
Vat dyes (not including indigo) show large increase.— The production
of vat dyes (other than indigo) in 1922 was 1,075,992 pounds, an in-
crease of 211.7 per cent over that of 1921. This large increase is
probably the most important expansion in the dye industry during
that year. The total quantity of this group of dyes is slightly below
production in 1920, when the United States before the reappearance
of German dyes had a large export trade in the world's markets.
The output in 1920, however, represented only a few dyes; a very
large percentage consisted of brom indigos for export to the Far
East.
Indanthrene blue GCD, the most important vat dye other than
indigo, led in quantity of production, with an increase of over 200 per
cent over the previous year. The price declined 30 per cent. The
production of Indanthrene yellow increased nearly 1,000 per cent;
Indanthrene violet, over 500 per cent; Indanthrene green and black,
nearly 400 per cent; and Indanthrene brown B, over 700 per cent.
A large commercial production was reported for the first time of
Ciba blue 2 B and 2 BD and the carbazole derivatives, H3^dron blue R
and G. Anthrene jade green, a vat dye of American develop-
ment, showed a large increase over that of the previous year. The
output of Indanthrene dark blue BO showed a decline from that of
1921. Small quantities compared with total consumption were
reported for Indanthrene claret B, Blue R and Blue GrG, and Gray B.
The story of Indanthrene blue BCS is of particular interest in tracing
the development of the industry and its resourcefulness in meeting
new conditions. In January, 1922, this new vat dye was imported.
It is very similar to Indanthrene blue GCD in its general properties,
but dift'ers, however, in a somewhat greater fastness to chlorine.
Within five months from the first commercial importation of this
dye two manufacturers had completed research and plant trial work
and were producing the dye on a commercial scale. It is under-
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 43
stood that the capacity of these two plants is equal to the domestic
requirements. The production in 1922 made up a significant part
of the vat blues. The imports of vat dyes (other than indigo)
totaled 1,548,519 pounds (single strength), or 38.89 per cent of all
dyes imported during that year.
During 1914, when the entire consumption of vat dyes was im-
ported, the total import of this group was 1,945,304 pounds, or 4.2
per cent of all imports. Adding production in 1922 to the imports for
that year, there is an indicated consumption of over two and one-
half million pounds. Domestic production in 1922 was about 41
per cent of that total; consequently, to supply the total needs of the
group there is a demand for a 150 per cent increase in output over
that of 1922.
The vat dyes are among the most complex, and their manufacture
presents great difficulty. As their consumption is about 5 per cent
of total domestic dye requirements, they were among the last to be
developed and produced in this country. As the diversity of this
class is fairly great, the manufacture of complete domestic require-
ments does not promise any considerable profit, because many of
the special types are consumed only in small quantities. For a
well-rounded and independent dye industry, however, the produc-
tion of this class is of importance, and it is to this class of dyes that
the domestic industry should give special attention.
Consumers are slowly coming to recognize the fact that fast dyes
aro obtainable and that colored cotton goods, fast to light, washing,
alkalies, acids, and severe laundry treatment, can be purchased.
There is therefore an increased demand for fast colors on cotton
goods. Furthermore the higher price of cotton makes the slight
increase in cost per yard of goods, resulting from the use of more
expensive but better colors, of relatively less importance. These
conditions indicate that the consumption of vat colors will increase
year by year and that the annual requirement will exceed 3,000,000
pounds within the next few years. The United States is to-day
the largest consuiner of vat dyes, and increased production in both
variety and quantity is desirable.
The eight vat dyes which lead in quantity imported are: Indanthrene
blue BCS (single strength), 239,085 pounds; Ciba blue 2B (single
strength), 205,582 pounds; Ciba violet B (single strength), 131,661
pounds; Indanthrene golden orange E, (single strength), 78,145
pounds; Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength), 73,305
pounds; Indanthrene violet B (single strength), 54,768 pounds;
Helindone pink An and BN (single strength), 48,633 pounds; and
Helindone pink BR (single strength), 40,668 pounds.
COLOR LAKE AND SPIRIT-SOLUBLE DYES.
Description. — These dyes constitute one of the smaller groups.
The color lake dyes are used in the preparation of a class of pigments
known as color lakes, discussed in detail under that heading.
The spirit-soluble dyes are insoluble in water, but dissolve in
either oils, fats, or various organic solvents; hence they find applica-
tion for coloring varnishes (both spirit and oil), fats, oils, waxes,
and similar products. Many of the spirit-soluble dyes are con-
44 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
verted by chemical treatment, such as sulphonation, into water-
soluble dyes for use in textile dyeing, and from this point of view-
may be considered partly completed dyes.
Production. — The production of lake and spirit-soluble dyes in 1922
was 1,009,512 pounds, constituting 1.56 per cent of the total output
of dyes. The production of this group in 1921 amounted to 720,406
pounds. Imports during 1922 totaled 76,853 pounds, or 1.93 per
cent of all dyes imported, compared with 43,553 pounds in 1921.
FOOD DYES.
Production. — Dyes, used for coloring food and food products,
include a limited list of selected dyes which meet the specifications
of the Bureau of Chemistry. The total production of these colors in
1921, the first year that they were separately compiled, was 50,709
pounds. The output in 1922 was 186,600 pounds and the sales were
181,812 pounds, valued at $695,254. The average value of sales
during 1922 was $3.82, compared with $5.80 for 1921.
Dye Exports from the United States.
1922 exports show LARGE DECLINE.
The total exports of " color lakes and other colors, dyes, and stains "
in 1922 were valued at $3,023,127, or less than one-half that of 1921,
when the total exports of ''aniline dyes and all other dyes" were
valued at $6,270,139. The 1922 figure represents a decline of 90
per cent from 1920, when the total value was $29,823,591.
Prior to 1922 the Department of Commerce reported only the
value of exports of domestic dyes and dyestuffs, which it classified
under the following groups: (1) Aniline dyes, (2) logwood extracts,
(3) all other dyes and dyestuft's. The third classification covers
both coal-tar dyes and natural dyes, other than logwood extract.
Since logwood extract is by far the most important natural dye
exported from the United States it is reasonable to assume that a
large part of the figures returned for all other d3^es and dyestuffs,
represents coal-tar dyes. The most important natural dye included
under Group 3 is derived from the bark of the black oak (Quercus
velutina) in two forms, viz, quercitron and flavine. These were
exported in considerable amounts during the war and in smaller
amounts before the war. In 1922 the Department of Commerce
adopted a new classification, grouping coal-tar dyes under (1) color
lakes and (2) other colors, dyes, and stams. For the first time the
quantity as well as the value of the exports was published. Table
9 shows by months the total exports of dyes from the United States.
The countries to which dyes are exported are shown in detail in
Part VI, Appendix.
The combined value of the exports of aniline dyes and all other
dyes in 1919 was $15,728,499, compared with $29,823,591 for 1920.
In 1921 this figure showed a sharp decline to $6,270,155, a decrease
of 79 per cent, as compared with the exports of 1920.
Exports of "color lakes" in 1922 were 12,761 pounds, valued at
$7,454, and the total of '' other colors, dyes, and stains " was 6,943,832,
pounds, with a value of $3,015,673, making a grand total of 6,956,593
pounds, valued at $3,023,127. This value is a 52 per cent decline
from the total exports of aniline and other dyes in 1921.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
45
The import figures of China, India, and Japan for 1920 and 1921
(see Part V), shows that Germany, Switzerland, France, and Great
Britain exported dyes in large quantities to China and India, and
that German exports of dyes to Japan li-kewise increased during
those years.
1923 DYE EXPORTS SHOW INCREASE.
The total exports of ''coal-tar colors, dyes, and stains," as reported
in the monthly summary of foreign commerce for the first four months-
of 1923, were 5,456,812 pounds, with a value of $1,787,063. This;
increased demand for American dyes by the Far East markets may
be attributed in part to the reduced exports of German dyes since
the occupation of the Ruhr b}^ the French in 1923. The Tariff Com-
mission in its previous reports on Dyes and Coal-tar Chemicals has
called attention to the fallacy of measuring the competitive strength
of the domestic industry by the large exports of 1919 and 1920 as
Germany was scarcely in the market during that period. The rapid
decline in exports during 1921 and 1922 has justified the commission's
position.
Table 9. — Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-1922.
Month.
1919
Aniline
dyes.
January
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October
November .
December. .
Total
51,405,017
1,231,355
492, 291
777, 123
58.5, 970
858,661
574, 274
761,009
785, 497
1, 037, 708
887,710
1,327,456
10, 724, 071
All Other
dyes.i
$755, 382
617,050
278, 591
359, 512
239, 744
475,571
267, 425
350, 491
557, 005
453, 390
300, 041
350, 226
5, 004, 428
Total.
$2, 160, 399
1, 848, 405
770, 882
1, 136, 635
825, 714
1, 334, 232
841,699
1,111,500
1,342,502
1,491,098
1,187,751
1,677,682
15, 728, 499
1920
Aniline
dyes.
$917, 574
1,850,662
2,648,615
1, 829, 771
2,180,606
2,389,515
1,770,780
1,151,196
2,114,915
1,802,142
2, 006, 534
1,788,170
22, 450, 480
All other
dyes.i
$372, 468
379, 825
850, 695
891, 467
817,713
1,239,191
947,411
623,181
551,113
334,167
211,465
154,415
7,373,111
Total.
$1,290,042
2, 230, 487
3,499,310
2,721,238
2,998,319
3,628,706
2,718,191
1,774,377
2, 666, (28
2,136,309
2,217,999
1,942,585
29,823,591
January
February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October. . .
November.
December .
Month.
Total 5,067,000
1921
Aniline
dyes.
$943,
397,
574,
305,
278,
444,
310,
513,
322,
349,
372,
254,
All other
dyes.i
$349,114
72,641
95, 322
59, 250
91,753
81,477
65, 626
70, 663
70, 228
73, 706
78, 703
94, 656
Total.
, 292, 709
469,764
670,291
365,010
370, 084
525, 750
375,983
583,675
392,705
423, 687
450, 947
349, 534
1,203.139 6,270.139
I Commerce and Navigation lists under domestic exports of "dyes and dyestuffs" — "aniline dyes,"
"logwood extract," and "all other dyes and dyestuffs." Under this latter deVignation may be included
both natural and coal-tar dyes. However, since logwood extract — shown separately — is the most im-
portant natural dye exported from the United States, it may be assumed that a considerable portion of
the exports under "all other dyes and dyestuffs" are coal-tar dyes.
46 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSIOlsr.
Table 9. — Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-1922 — Continued.
Month.
1922.«
Color lakes.
Pounds.
Value.
Other colors, dyes',
and stains.
Pounds.
Value.
Total.
Pounds.
Value.
January
February. .
March ,
April ,
May ,
June ,
July
August
September .
October
November .
December. .
Total
5,059
6,796
3,612
8,446
401
282
356
593
341
576
1,702
64
$4, 188
5,124
3,162
2,105
500
361
249
411
607
890
2,228
103
364,971
298, 364
708, 792
581,367
328, 733
398, 975
726, 624
896, 701
664, 348
954, 922
, 084, 890
,307,272
$325, 048
230, 544
405, 250
271,571
227, 898
222, 370
364, 737
383, 692
304, 022
399, 439
395, 579
446, 365
370, 030
305, 160
712, 404
589, 813
329, 134
399, 257
726, 980
897, 294
664, 689
955, 498
1,086,592
1,307,336
$329, 236
235, 668
408,412
273, 676
228, 398
222, 731
364, 986
384, 103
304, 629
406, 329
397, 807
446, 468
12.761
7,454
6,943,832
3.015,673
6, 956, 593
3, 023, 127
s The new classification adopted in 1922 was "Color lakes" and "Other colors, dyes and stains.'
Other Finished Coal-tar Products.
COLOR LAKES.
Description. — -A color lake is an insoluble color pigment consist-
ing of a precipitating agent, the coloring matter (a coal-tar dye),
and a carrier (the base). The desired properties of a color lake
are good coloring power, easy workability, brightness, and
fastness to weather, light, alkali, and acids. The precipitating
agents used for coal-tar colors include barium chloride, lead salts,
aluminium hydroxide, and tannin or tannin-tartar emetic. Among
the more important carriers are aluminium hydroxide, zinc white,
lithopone, barytes, whiting, China clay, and certain native clays,
and ochers. The principal requirements of a carrier are (1) ready
reduction to a finely divided state and (2) absence of any deleterious
effect on the shade of the finished lake. The coloring matter includes
those coal-tar dyes known as acid dyes, basic dyes, and mordant dyes,
as well as certain azo dyes which are produced directly on the carrier.
An example is the preparation of Para red from the intermediates
E-nitroaniline and b-naphthol. Another group of color lakes is made
y the precipitation of a water-soluble acid dye with the aid of the
mineral salt to form an insoluble product.
After precipitation the soluble lake is filtered, dried, and ground
with or without oil; it is then ready for use as a pigment in paints,
lithographic inks, artists' colors, wall paper, rubber products, and for
similar coloring purposes.
Production. — The total production of color lakes in 1922 amounted
to 10,578,664 pounds and the sales to 10,366,676 pounds, valued at
$4,551,572, with an average value per pound of 44 cents. This is an
increase over 1921 when the output was 6,152,187 pounds and when
the sales ajnounted to 6,424,612 pounds, valued at $2,863,189, with
an average value per pound of 45 cents.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 47
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS.
Coal-tar chemicals of this class, owing to their strong reducing
properties, are used for developing photographic films, plates, and
prints. They are popularly known as ^'developers," and are com-
monly sold under various trade names.
The total output of photographic chemicals in 1922 was 345,798
pounds, an increase over 1921, when 183,798 pounds were produced.
The sales for 1922 were 347,647 pounds, valued at $483,209, with an
average value per pound of $1.39. The quantity of output of each
individual developer can not be published without disclosing the
output of individual manufacturers. The developer produced in
largest quantity was hydroquinol and metol (methyl p-aminophenol
sulfate) was the second largest. The production of p-hydroxyphenyl-
glycine increased considerably in 1922 over the previous year.
MEDICINALS.
Description. — From the standpoint of national welfare this class
includes some of the most important derivatives of coal tar. Chemi-
cally, they include a variety of products used for a wide diversity of
purposes. The development of medicinals constitutes one of the
most creditable accomplishments of the coal-tar industry, as the high-
est technical skill is required in their manufacture.
The total production of medicinals in 1922 was 2,946,347 pounds;
the sales were 3,092,915 pounds, valued at $4,233,433, or an
average price of $1.37 per pound. The 1921 production was
1,545,917 pounds; the sales for the same year were 1,876,246 pounds,
valued at $2,930,324.
Arsphenamine, known also as salvarsan and as "606," the hydro-
chloride of 3-diamino-4-dihydroxy-l-arsenobenzene, used for com-
bating syphilis and other protozoan infections, is one of the most im-
portant medicinals of this group. Its production in 1922 by 7
manufacturers was 865 pounds; sales were 917 pounds, valued at
$257,022, or $280.28 per pound, as compared with 694 pounds, valued
at $406.11 per pound in 1921. The pre-war price of "606," when
this country was depended upon Germany, was $3.50 per ampoule.
The present price per ampoule is about $1 wholesale to the public and
about 20 cents to the Government. Neoarsphenamine (3-diamino-4-
dihydroxy-1-arsenobenzene methanol sulfoxylate) had a total pro-
duction by 4 manufacturers of 2,904 pounds. The total sales were
2,229 pounds, valued at $1,032,725, or an average price per pound of
$463.31. Production of silver arsphenamine, which was reported for
the first time in the census of 1921, showed a decrease for 1922.
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) led all coal-tar medicinals in quantity
produced, with an output by 5 firms of 1,482,998 pounds, com-
pared with 733,510 pounds in 1921. The sales in 1922 were 1,427,385
pounds, valued at $1,062,346. This shows a slight increase in the
average price, from 73 cents in 1921 to 74.4 cents in 1922. Sodium
salicylate, of which 467,264 pounds were produced by 6 firms, ranked
second in quantity manufactured; the total sales were 423,834
pounds, valued at $140,308, or 31 cents per pound. Phenol sulpho-
nates (calcium, sodium, zinc, etc.) with a large increase in production,
ranked third in quantity of output with 300,993 pounds; the
48 UNITED STATES TAKIFF COMMISSION.
sales were 336,456 pounds, valued at $94,436. Acetaniiido, with a
production of 222,517 pounds, ranked fifth. Other medicinals show-
ing a relatively large production were acetphenetidine, chloramine T,
and salol.
A number of medicinals were reported for the first time in 1922.
Some of these are of great interest to the medical world. Among
the more important are: Apothesine (hydrochloride of diethyl.-amino-
propyl cinnamate), a synthetic local anesthetic belonging to the
procaine type of anesthetic, which differs from the cocaine type in
that it is eilective for injection but ineffective when applied to mucous
membranes; butyn (p-amino-benzoyl-gamma di-normal butylamino
propanol sulfate) a new product which is of value as a local anesthetic ;
sodium luminal, the sodium salt of phenylethyl barbituric acid, is of
special value in the treatment of some forms of epilepsy. The lack
of this product was a serious inconvenience during the first year of the
war. Its commercial manufacture involves problems of technical
interest to the chemist. Cinchophen and neocinchophen (ethyl-
methyl-phenyl-quinolin-carboxylic acid) reported in 1922 but not in
1921, are of value in the treatment of gout and acute articular rheu-
matism, and the latter is said to relieve the pain of sciatica. Profla-
vine (3:6-diamino acridine sulfate), prepared from acridine, proved
to be of value during the war as an antiseptic in the treatment of
wounds.
FLAVORS AND PERFUME MATERIALS.
Description. — There is no sharp line of demarcation between these
two classes of coal-tar chemicals as many of them are used as both
flavors and perfumes; a separate classification is, therefore, in certain
cases arbitrary. They serve as perfume materials for toilet articles,
soaps, and similar products, and as flavors for food and food products.
Production. — The total production of flavors in 1922 was 1,215,668
pounds; the sales amounted to 1,278,857 pounds, valued at $1,-
260,588. In 1921 the production was 901,245 pounds.
Some of these products show a large increase in production, notably
saccharin, which is used as a sugar substitute, and methyl salicylate,
used largely as an artificial wintergreen flavor. The total production
in 1922 of methyl salicylate was 854,763 pounds. Coumarin, used
both as a soap perfume and in the preparation of flavoring extracts,
also shows a large increase in production over the previous year,
totaling 72,350 pounds.
A new flavoring material reported for the first time in 1922 was
isobutyl coumarone.
The output of perfume materials in 1922 was 793,148 pounds.
This was a very large increase over 1921, when 119,335 pounds were
produced. Sales of these products totaled 778,696 pounds, valued
at $643,436.
Diethyl phthalate again ranked first in quantity of production
and value of sales. This product was used under a special formula
as an ethyl alcohol denaturant. The restriction of the use for
illegal purposes of alcohol so denatured will probably cause pro-
duction for 1923 to show a large decrease in volume.
Other products of this group made in quantity are amyl salicylate,
benzyl acetate, phenyl acetic acid, benzylidene acetone, and diphenyl
oxide.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922. 49
The production of such important synthetics as phenylethyl
alcohol, phenylacetic aldehyde, and cinnamyl alcohol are still below
the domestic demand, while others such as the artificial musks are not
reported at all.
Among the products reported for the first time in 1922 are
dimethyl resorcinol, methyl anisate, methyl-p-tolyl ketone, beta-
naphthyl anthranilate, nonyl anthranilate, phenylethylphenyl acetate,
and phenyl vinyl ethylene methyl ketone.
SYNTHETIC PHENOLIC RESINS.
The manufacture of synthetic resins is distinctly an American
development and has resulted only from the most careful research
and engineering skill. These products were first made by the
condensation of phenol with formaldehyde and ammonia and later
with hexamethylenetetramine. In recent years para-coumarone,
as well as cresol, has been used as a base. Synthetic resins are used
as a substitute for amber in the manufacture of pipe stems, cig-
arette holders, and similar articles. There is also a large consumption
for electric insulating materials and for varnishes and lacquers. In
1922 the total production was 5,944,133 pounds, as compared with
1,643,796 pounds for the previous year. The sales for 1922 totaled
6,415,931 pounds, valued at $4,315,196.
SYNTHETIC TANNING MATERIALS.
The synthetic tanning materials known as ''syntans" are of quite
recent development, having come into commercial use in Germany
and England since 1912. They give considerable promise for use in
the tanning of leather in conjunction with natural tanning extracts.
Synthetic tans are made by condensation of certain coal-tar
derivatives, such as the sulphonated phenols, cresols, and naphthols,
with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid. They are commonly
used in conjunction with the natural tanning extracts. Their use is
reported to result (1) in an economy of time required for tanning,
(2) a satisfactory leather of light color, and (3) a reduction in the
amount of natural extract required.
Four firms reported in 1922 a total production of 1,910,519 pounds,
with sales amounting to 1,981,588 pounds, valued at $103,598, or an
average value of 5.2 cents per pound.
50
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922,
[The number in the first column identifies the dye according to the 1914 edition of the Schultz tables. The
second column gives the common name of the product. The numbers in the third column refer to the
numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on page 11 7. An X signifies that the corresponding
product was made by a manufacturer who did not consent to the publication of his identification number
in connection therewith. Blanks in the fourth and fifth columns indicate that there were actual sales
during 1922, but that the figures can not be jjublished without revealing information in regard to the out-
put of individual firms. The blank space in the seventh column indicates that there was actual pro-
du tion of the corre>ponding dyes in the United States during 1922, but that the figures can not be
published without revealing information in regard to the output of individual firms. The figures thus
concealed are, however, included in the total.]
GROUP III.
Common name.
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
Total finished coal-
tar products.
NITROSO DYES.
Naphthol green
Pounds.
93,370,065
$57,067,326
$0.61
Pounds.
88,368,131
4,65
4
7
8
NITRO DYES.
Naphthol yellow S
Pigment chlorine
STILBENE DYES.
Direct yellow R
30,55,85,92,182
188
46,235
50, 584
1.09
38,426
9
4, 6, 38, 70, 77, 127,
129, 143.
64, 70
375,937
332,466
.88
375, 224
10
Stilbene yellow
11
19
22
Chloramine orange G
PYRAZOLONE DYES.
Fast light yellow
Xylene yellow
4,6,70,127,129
64, 84, 127, 130, 147. .
38
93,374
53,345
122,863
142,992
1.32
2.68
102,983
61,048
23
Tartrazine
25, 84, 89, 127, 147,
181, 182.
6
586, 862
636, 247
1.08
551,480
31
Azo Dyes.
MONOAZO DYES.
Spirit yellow
32
Butter yellow
6, 30, 44, 85, 129,
200, X.
25, 30, 64, 84, 85, 127.
4, 12, 30, 64, 84, 85,
127.
6,30
29,264
495,571
141,085
27, 192
311,398
88,531
.93
.63
.63
25,852
33
Chrysoidine Y
538,733
52, 745
34
Chrysoidine R
35
Sudan G
36
Sudan 1
30, 44, 85, 127, 129,
200, X.
4, 3S, 105, 127, 165...
23, 25, 30, 64, 127,
165, X.
127, 129, 130. . .
38, 193
22,969
131, S69
33,988
17, 775
76,580
.89
.77
.58
31,356
37
Croceine orange. ...
38
Orange G
124,311
40
Chromotrope 2R
Fast acid fuchsine B
Amino naphthol red G..
Brilliant lake red R
Alizarin yellow G
Paranitraniline red
Chromotrope 2B
Alizarin yellow R
Victoria violet
41
42
45
6, 30, 34, 46, 127, 129,
136.
4, 30, 34, 64, 77, 84,
127,142.
117
22, 541
117,250
18, 456
97, 250
.82
.83
19,004
89,683
48
56
4, 6, 25, 38, 46, 64,
84, 93, 127, 136,
X, X, X,
166
513, 800
258,533
.50
441,699
67
23
58
61
4, 6, 23, 25, 38, 46,
64, 84. 93, 129, 130,
165, X, X, X.
4, 3.S, 64, 77, 127,
129, 142.
165
172,572
162, 089
105, 758
235, 866
.61
1.46
198,362
146, 990
64
65
Azo coralline
77,84,X
12,325
125, 878
29, 702
82, 758
2.41
.66
1.01
1.04
10,749
66
67
Amino naphthol red 6B.
Chromotrope 6B
Spirit yellow K
30,61,77,84,127,129,
142.
4,127,129
107,938
54,860
68
6, 30, 44, 127, X
165
37,209
38, 779
42,432
70
Brilliant orange 0
Heiio fast red
73
166
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
51
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922 —
Continued.
Commoii name.
Manufacturer'siden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
76
Azo Dyes— Continued.
MONOAZO DYXs — contd.
Sudan II
6,30,44,64,85,127....
.30,165 . ...
Pounds.
20,388
$21, 479
SI. 05
Pounds.
20,275
79
Xylidine orange 2R
Ponceau 2R
82
4, 25, 30, 38, 85, 127,
129, 165.
64,127
355,548
215, 773
.61
236, 010
88
Acid anthracene brown
R.
Metachrome brown B . . .
89
23,25,64,X
371, 666
262,055
.71
312, 828
94
6,129
102
Diamond flavine G
23,64,84,130
21,953
105
6
106
Autol red RLP
30,166
107
Sulphamine brown A . . .
Palatine red A .
165
109
165;
112
Bordeaux B
4,6,25,30,38,84,105,
127, 165.
6,129
202,703
152,299
.75
i67, 142
114
Chromotrope lOB
Erica 2GN
117
70,143
119
Diaminfi rnsA
19,70,127,143
165
34,092
102, 449
3.01
32,897
132
134
Metani] yeUow
38,64,65,84,85,127...
4,64,65,127
315,047
6,284
291,078
6,465
.92
1.03
290, 502
137
Acid yellow G
7,315
139
Orange IV. .
182
141
Azo yeUow
30,64,65,84,127,182,
X.
4,85
142,895
186, 107
1.30
109,699
143
144
6,30
145
Orange II
4, 6, 25, 30, 38, 44, 64,
85, 127, 165.
6,64,85,127
1,440,055
53,487
545,018
23,744
.38
.44
1,341,971
151
Orange R
152
Permanent red 4B
Lake red C
38
153
117,165,168
79, 119
49,204
116,977
65, 828
1.48
1.34
80, 412
154
155
Palatine chrome brown. .
Acid alizarin garnet R . . .
Palatine chrome violet . .
Diamond black P V
Chrome brown RR
23, 46, 105, 127, 130, X
23,65 127
44,109
156
23,64,65,127
6,677
7,955
1.19
7,232
157
84,127
158
46
160
84
161
Fast red A
4, 6, 23, 25, 30, 38, 64,
85, 105, 127, 136,
165, X, X.
4,6,30,38,64,84,105,
127, 129, 130, X, X.
4, 127, 129, 130
4
236,239
363,427
117, 273
195, 169
333, 048
176, 192
.83
.92
1.50
189,389
163
Azo rubine
372,060
164
Fast red VR
57,572
166
Fast red E
167
Croceine scarlet 3 BX
38
168
6, 30, 38, 64, 105, 127,
129, 165.
25,30,38,64,105,127,
165.
26,38,66,148,165,188
4,6,38,127
53,603
134,061
195,071
57,347
45,924
101, 294
243, 388
43,615
.86
.76
1.25
.76
169
Cochineal red
97, 196
173
Lithol red R
228,692
177
Mordant yellow .
20,785
178
Crumpsall yellow
Erio chrome blue black
B.
SaUcine black U
Erio chrome black T
Erio chrome black A
Lanacyl \ijlet B
Sulphon acid blue R
Sulphon acid blue B
127
180
23,38,84,127,130
.94
.55
.93
92, 163
181
183
4, 23, 30, 38, 64, 84,
105, 127, 129, 130,
165, X.
23,38,64,130
1, 114, 275
290, 247
612,008
269,835
1,165,939
303,085
184
23 38 64
186
64
188
189
4,64,84,127,130
127
250, 626
227,344
.91
60, 163
190
143
193
143
194
Thiazine red R
38,70,129
4,724
11, 227
7,927
17, 767
1.68
1.58
2,978
195
Rosophenine SG
Thiazine red G
70,143, X,X
11,171
197
84 143
198
Mimosa C
19,70,77,129,143
188
1,744
2,943
1.69
2,812
200
202
Palatine chrome red B. . .
Total monoazo dyes
6, 30, 38, 64, 115, 127,
129, 130, 165, 188, X.
49,800
58, 726
1.18
44,550
8,433,593
6,279,470
.74
7, 578, 570
52
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 10. — -Production and sales of d'^es and other finished coal-tar products, 1922 — •
Continued.
Common name.
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
208
Azo Dyes— Continued.
DISAZO DYES.
Leather brown
165
Pounds.
Pounds.
211
Resorcin brown
4, 6, 64, 84, 85, 127,
136, X.
4,6,30,64, 127
10.89
1.29
.79
117 753
213
Fast brown
28,073
1,645,373
217
220
Agalma black lOB
Palatine black
4,6,23,30,38,46,64,
84, 105, 127, 129,
136, 142, 165, X.
38
2,032,531
$1,603,149
221
Anthracene acid brown .
Sudan III
64
223
30
227
228
Brilliant eroceine
Ponceau 6R
4,30,64. 127, 165
30
144,021
157,538
1.09
151,829
230
Cloth red 3G
64
232
Sudan IV
6, 30, 38, 44, 127, 129,
X.
4,6
22,051
26,744
1.21
20 453
233
Cloth red B
231
ClnthredCi
38, 130. . . .
236
Wool red B
12,38, 127, 130, X....
129
53,268
54,477
1.02
51,226
241
Neutral grav G
246
Cloth scarlet G
65,85
247
Scarlet EC
6. 65, 127
40,963
48,364
1.18
34,316
250
Milling orange G
Sulphoncvanine G
BufTalo black lOB
Sulphoncyanine black. . .
Naphth vlamine black D .
Naphthol black B
Diamond black
130
257
261
4, 64, 77, 84, 127, 130.
4, 127, 130
394,906
17,. 336
478,473
19,173
1.21
■1.11
152,807
265
64,84, 127,1.30
149,503
266
272
64,84, 129, X
136
31,128
20,631
.66
43,010
275
52,64, 105,127, 130...
64
200, 586
189,259
.94
176,988
276
Diamond creen
279
Benzo fast scarlet
Bismarck brown
B ismarck brown 2R
Palatine chrome black. .
Acid alizarin black SN . .
Fast mordant yellow. . .
Benzo fast yellow
Beiizo fast pink 2 BL..
Paper yellow
ChrysophcniTie G
Congo red
64, 127
283
284
288
6, 12, 30, 44, 52, 64,
70, 84, 85, 127, X.
4, 6, 12, 30, 38, 52, 64,
65, 84, 85, 127.
130
181,025
702, 247
119,147
442,394
.66
.63
185,774
658,060
289
46
294
4
296
64
297
64
303
6, 64, 127, 129
34,851
229, 594
493,031
53,307
389,913
318,983
1.53
1.70
.65
23,619
304
307
6,64,70, 127, 129
6,61,84,127,129,136,
X.
127
108,454
311
Orange TA
312
Congo corinth G
4, 6, 30, 52, 84, 127,
. 129.
64, 127
144,354
179,649
1.24
122, 224
319
Diamine scarlet
3^0
Bordeaux
4,38
127, 129,130
143
322
Trisulphon vinlet B
Dianil blue R
35,770
42,520
1.19
3:3
327
3''8
Diamine violet N
Diamine black R 0
examine black BHN. . .
Benzo cvanine R
Benzo blue 2B
6, 23, 30, 38, 64, 105.
127, 129, 136.
6, 136
48,452
69,544
1.44
27,383
333
336
4,6,23,30,38,64,105,
127, 129, 136, 143,
X.
127
705,995
643,342
.91
700,015
337
4,6,23,30,38, 16,64,
127, 129, 130, 136,
X.
38,64,84,129
X
777,491
70,506
375,778
62,922
.48
.89
593,487
310
311
Benzo orange R
Crumpsall direct fast red.
Chrysamine G
Diamine fast red F
Diamine brown
73,411
342
343
344
6,38,46,61, 127,X....
6, 23, 30, 38, 64, 70,
105, 127, 129, 136,
X.
4,6,23,30,38,64,70.
105, 127, 129, 138,
X.
S"* 127
7, 564
86,013
164,914
7.062
119,360
181,355
.93
1.39
1.10
12,213
78,030
123,975
351
Cr"' otinc v^lliw
355
129
362
O-xydlamine orange
127
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
53
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922 —
Continued.
Common name.
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
363
365
Azo Dyes— Continued.
DiSAzo DYES— contd.
Benzopurpurine 4B
Benzopurpurine B
Azo blue
4, 6, 12, 30, 38, 64,
105, 127, 129, X.
52
Pounds.
362, 206
$327, 550
$0.90
Pounds.
309,384
377
44
378
Trisulphon blue R
Azo mauve B
44, 129
382
127
385
Oxamiiie blue 4R
Benzo blue BX
127
386
38, 127, 129
50, 463
86, 700
47, 877
67, 461
.95
.78
38, 126
391
Benzo blue 3B
12,30,.38, 105, 127, 129.
127,129
24,343
392
Toluylene orange G
Diph'enyl brown 3 GN. .
Acid anthracene red
Diamine blaclc B >
Benzopurpurine lOB
Azo violet BS,2B
Bcnzazurine G
393
44
400
X
403
6
405
64, 127, 129
20, 893
34, 303
1.64
407
4
410
6,64, 127,129
129
51,718
66, 145
1.28
415
Dianil blue G
419
421
Chicago blue RW
Oxamine blue B
Chicago blueOB
6,64,127,129
127
52, 598
76, 142
1.45
53, 637
424
6,64, 127, 129
4,6,04, 127, 129
133, 525
215, 225
202, .394
263, 040
1.52
1.22
118, 178
426
Benzamine pure blue
Total disazo dyes
125, 521
8, 295, 424
7,606,538
.92
6, 881, 592
TRISAZO DYKS.
Columbia black
6,38,46,64,127
127
436
130,719
146,850
1.12
161,718
441
Diazo blue black RS
Congo fast blue R
Benzo fast blue
451
64
456
64
462
463
464
Direct deep l)lack EW..
Erie direct black RX....
Erie direct green ET
Chloramine green B
Diamine black HW
Oxamine greeu B
Oxamine green O
Benzamine brown 3 GO.
Congo brown' G
4, 6, 38, 46, 52, 64, 127,
129, 136, X.
6,38,52,64,127,129...
6,46, l;i7
6, 009, 842
180, 173
66,797
2, 504, 197
110,547
64, 748
.42
.61
.97
5,326,457
181,308
57, 066
470
129
473
143
474
475
476
477
4,6,30,38,64,70,127,
129.
12,38,64, 129, X,X..
6, 30, 38, 70, 84, 127,
130, 136, X.
4, 6, 64, 84, 127, 129,
143, X.
64
231, 749
59, 236
733, 214
271,421
213, 836
57, 824
535, 986
237, 524
.92
.98
.73
.88
215, 140
53, 235
695, 602
234, 963
480
Congo brown R
485
TETRAKISAZO DYES.
Benzo brown G
12, 30, 52, 64, 70, 136 .
70, X
103, 850
96,274
.93
129, 436
487
Benzo brown B
All other azo dyes
818, 576
941,503
1.15
875, 695
Total azo dyes ....
25,388,717
18, 857, 233
.74
22,448,895
DIPHENYLMETHANE
DYES.
Auraminc
23,44,64, 74, 104
64, 104, 127
493
339, 532
172, 735
562, 040
210,585
1.66
1.22
344 827
495
TRIPHENYLMETHANE
DYES.
Malachite green
498
Turrjuoiso blue
77
499
Brilliant green
104, 127
502
Guinea green
34,04, 127
67, 830
119,952
1.77
503
Brilliant milling green B
Light green
34,127
505
64, 127
506
Erioglaucine
127
511
Para-fuschine
127
512
513
Magenta (or Fuchsine)..
Ne^^ fuchsine 0
38, 61, 64, 85, 95, 127,
153, 185.
127
96,786
218, 894
2.26
84,683
515
Methyl violet
38,61,64,85,90, 127,
132, 185.
370,878
476. 793
1.29
350, 564
54
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922 —
Continued.
Common name.
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
516
TRIPHENYLMETHANE
DYES— continued.
Crystal violet
23, 64
Pounds.
Pounds.
517
Methyl violet 5B
Aniline blue
127
521
38, 64, 85, 95
131
$597
84.56
524
Aci.l niaeenta
38,95
528
Fast acid violet lOB....
Acid violet
34,64
539
34, 64, 77, 127, 142, X.
127
129,278
239, .872
1.86
125 299
531
Eriocyanine
536
Alkali blue
38, 61,85, 95, 127, 132,
153, 165, 185.
85
104, 187
252,621
2.42
94,832
537
Methyl blue for silk
Methyl blue for cotton...
Soluble blue
538
95
539
38, 61,95, 127, 16.5....
127
21,914
75,209
3.43
21,029
543
Patent blue V
545
Patent blue A
Acid violet 6BN
.34, 127
548
64
558
Victoria blue R
64
Total triphenyl-
methane dyes.
DIPHENYL-NAPHTHYL-
METHANE DYES.
Victoria blue B
!
..1,206,831
2,204,545
1.83
898, 781
23,64
559
562
Fast acid blue
64
565
Acid blue B
34
566
Wool green S
23, 64, 77, 84, 127, 142
X.
64
, 287,017
■ 315,337
1.10
256, 461
571
XANTHONE DYES.
Rhodamine 6G
573
Rhodamine B
Fast acid violet B
Fast acid violet A 2R...
64
580
64
582
64
585
55, 64, 85 . .
5S7
.55, 64, 85, 132 .
74,915
142, 133
1.90
74,697
589
Kosine SP
64
592
P-rvthrosine B
5,5,64,85, 132
64.......
4,674
25,638
5.49
6,713
593
Phloxino P
595
64
596
Phloxine.
85
597
Rose hen^ale B
85
599
Gallein
205
600
Coerulein ...
205
606
ACRIDINE DYES.
Phosphine
64, 85, 127
6,2S2
613
QVINOI.INE DYES.
Quinoline yellow
THIOBENZENYI, DYES.
ThioHavine S
127
615
143
616
Primuline
19, 77, 127, 129, 143, X.
19,70,77,127,129,143.
6,46 127,130.
243,416
184,357
19,408
119, ,357
259,912
237, 122
38,021
229,296
1.07
1.29
1.96
1.92
252,450
617
622
Columbia yeUow
OXAZINE AND THIAZINE
DYES.
Dclnhine blue B
Gallocvanine
230,204
626
4,6,25,46,127,205....
127
82,253
631
Chroiiiocyanine V
636
6
649
Cotton blue or Meldola's
blue.
Methylene blue
Methvlenc green
Brilliant alizprin blue . . .
6,46,105,127
28, 663
382,869
59, 146
536,969
2.06
1.40
26,289
659
660
2.5,30,46,127,201
372,077
667
77.84
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
55
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922 —
Continued.
Common name.
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
672
AZINE DTES.
64
Pounds.
Pounds.
679
64, 127, 151
113,629
$192, 473
$1.69
138, 690
6.S0
Methylene violet
90
681
25,44, 129
24, 700
37,837 1 1.53
27, 414
683
Safranine MN
127
687
64
697
' 698
699
700
720
Induline (spirit soluble).
Nigrosino (spirit solu-
ble).
Induline (water soluble) .
Nigrosine (water soluble).
SULPHUR DYES.
Sulphur black
19, 30, 38, 44, 85, 127 .
19, 25, 30, 44, 84, 85,
127, 130.
19, 38, 84, 85, 127....
19, 25, 84, 85, 127, 130.
12, 44, 46, 64, 84, 88,
105, 127, 201.
12, 18, 46, 54, 64, 84.
90, 105, 127, 129,
185, X
6, 12, 38, 44, 46, 47,
55, 64, 83, 84, 90,
105, 127, 163, 171,
186, 203.
4, 44, 46, 47, 64, 84,
90, 105, 127, 129,
163, 203.
12,46,64,84,105,203.
46, 47, 84, 105, 163,
171,203.
46, 84, 203
32, 164
290, 423
123,561
1,445,432
13,401,540
938,221
1, 678, 320
130,919
259,975
154,844
80,961
261,054
443,901
30, 367
157, 459
101,. 548
761, 124
2,809,933
562,098
673,256
116,022
205, 388
58, 849
45,975
146,718
348,436
.94
.54
.82
.53
.21
.60
.40
.89
.79
.38
.57
.56
.78
45,045
349,325
121,009
1,338,063
12, 877, 649
Sulphur blue
865, 091
Sulphur brown
1,778,780
Sulphur green
169, 769
Sulphur maroon
210, 222
Sulphur olive
115,702
Sulphur orange
109,642
Sulphur tan
4,38, 47, 84, 163, 203.
12, 44, 46, 64, 127,
163, 203.
242, 835
Sulphur yellow
544, 077
17,349,735
5, 026, 675
.29
16,913,767
CARBAZOLE DYES.
Hydron blue R, G
ANTHRAQUINONE DYES.
Indanthrene dark blue
BO.
Indanthrene black and
green B.
Indanthrene violet RR. .
105
748
763
9,64 129
29,731
48,911
1.65
765
64 129
767
64
778
18,127
779
18,127
780
IS 64
782
Alizarin brown
46,64,182,188,205....
127
58,842
109,678
1.86
67,609
784
Alizarin SX
785
Alizarin GI
18
1
789
-Anthracene blue WR. . .
Algol yellow WG
18, 100, 127, X
8,825
814
9
817
9
819
Algol red R
9
828
Indanthrene claret B
Indanthrene blue RS
Indanthrene blue GCD..
Indanthrene blue GC...
Indanthrene gray B
Indanthrene yellow
Alizarin saphirol B
Alizarin blue black
9
838
64 129
842
64 129
843
129
848
9
849
64 129 . ...
858
862
84,100,127,129
34
193,401
789,365
4.08
180,284
865
34
867
Indanthrene brown B...
All other anthraquinone
dyes.
Total anthraqui-
none dyes.
129
49, 843
111,983
2.26
6,5, 719
1,207,324
2,654,527
2.20
1,2.34,963
\
56
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922 —
Continued.
CoTninon name.
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
874
INDIGO AND ITS DERIVA-
TIVES.
Indigo, synthetic, 20 per
cent paste.
Indigo, white
63 64,127
Pounds.
16, 106, 020
$3,922,541
$0.24
Pounds.
15 850 752
876
46
877
Indigo extract
14,64,110,127,185....
63
608, 105
265,344
.44
543 044
881
Ciba blue 2B, 2BD
fBrom indigos
879
880
63
883
923
ANILINE BLACK GROtFP.
Ursol
79, 165, 185
7
FOOD DYES.
Naphthol yellow S
Tartrazine
X
23
6,25, 127, 195, X
127
49,907
173, 412
3.47
50,578
32
83
127, X
144
25, 127, X
168
Amaranth
6,25, 127, 195, X
127, 195 ..
66, 558
218,467
3.28
77, 829
502
505
Light green SF (yellow-
ish)
Methyl violet
127,195..
515
127
692
Erythrosine
Indigo disulfonic acid. . .
Yellow AB....
6, 25, 66, X
677
25, 127, X
4,639
2,190
1,951
39,305
5,819
5,228
8.47
2.66
2.68
6, 66, 85, 173
2,712
Yellow OB....
6,66, 85, 173
4,370
PHOTO CHEMICAL DTES.
68 .. .
68. . .. .
1,271,307
2,895
1,595,179
39,123
1.25
13.51
998,800
Bacterinlngical stains, bi-
ological stains and in-
dicators.
Total dyes
68, 82, 96, 108, 127,
150, 177, X.
6,798
69, 107, 105
41, 463, 790
.60
64.632.187
Research chemicals
COLOR LAKES.
Black lakes
68,82,108,177
4, 35, 46, 86, 165, 200,
X.
11, 14, 21, 26, 35, 59,
64, 67, 71. 86, 97,
106, 109, 115, 160,
165, 166, 167, 168,
175, 188, 200, X,X,
X, X,X, X, X.
35, 59, 64, 71, 86, 97,
165, 166, 167, 187,
X.
11, 21, 26, 59, 67, 71,
86,97,103,109,115,
160, 165, 166, 167,
168, 175, 187, X, X,
x,x,x,x,x,x,
x,x,x.
11, 21, 35, 59, 64, 67,
81, 86, 97, 106, 109,
115, 160, 165, 166,
167. 168. 175, 187.
x,x,x,x,x,x,
X X
4, if, 2i, 26, 59, 64,
71, 86, 97, 103, 109,
115, 160, 165, 166,
167, 175, 188, 200,
x,x,x,x,x,x,
x,x.
650
529, 279
811,022
193, 294
482, 686
408,764
524,314
12,434
54,426
359, 975
18,958
364,9%
131,070
390, 248
19.14
.10
.44
.10
.76
.32
.74
1,667
544,284
Blue lakes
840,584
Brown lakes
199,932
Eosine lakes
482,639
Green lakes
420,824
Lithol red lakes
655,716
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
57
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1922-
Continued.
Schultz
No.
Common name.
COLOR LAKES — COntd.
Maroon lakes
Orange lakes.
Para red lake-s.
Red Lakes.
Scarlet lakes
Violet lakes.
Yellow lakes .
All other lakes
Total color lakes.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMI-
CALS.
Diaminophcnol hydro-
chloride.
Hydro juinol
Methyl p-aminophenol
sulfate (Metol).
p-Hydroxyphenylgly-
cine.
Total photo-
graphie chemi-
cals.
MF,DICI.N"ALS.
Acetanilide
Acetphenetidin
Acrillavinc (3:6 diam-
ino-10-methyl acridine
chloride").
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
11, 21, .35, 59, 64, 67,
86,97,103,112,113,
115, 165, 166, 167,
175, 18.8, 196. 200,
x,x,x,x,x,x.
11, 21, 28, 35, 59, 64,
67, 71, 86, 97, 106,
109, 115, 132, 160,
165, 166, 167, 168,
175, 187, 188, X, X,
X,X,X,X,X,X,
x,x.
11, 21, 26, 46, 50, .59,
64, 67, 86, 97, 103,
109, 112, 113, 115,
165, 166, 175, 187,
188, 196, 200, X,X,
X,X,X,X,X,X,
X.
11, 21, 26, 35, 46, 50,
59, 64, 67, 71, 86,
97, 103, 106, 109,
112, 113, 115, 160,
165, 166, 167, 168,
175, 187,188,X,X,
X,X,X,X, x,x,
X.
11. 21, 26, .59, 64, 67,
71, 86, 97, 103, 109,
113, 115, 160, 165,
166, 167, 168, 175,
188, 196, 200, X,
X,X,X,X,X, X,
X X.
11, 14, 21, 26, 3.5, 46,
.59, 64. 67, 71, 86, 97,
103, 109, 115. 132,
160, 165, 166, 167,
168, 175, 187, 188,
200, X, X, X, X,
x,x,x,x,x.
11. .35, 46, 59, 64, 71,
81, 86, 97, 106, 115,
165, 166, 167, 168,
175, 188, 200, X, X.
X,X,X,X,X,X.
X
Sales.
Quantity.
Pounds.
813, 121
584, 000
2, 425, 634
Value.
198.
7, 120. 205, X.
7,68,X
733, 360
4.58, 467
700, 499
53,612
$285, 651
165, 576
781,020
Average
price per
pound.
$0.35
Production.
Pounds
822, 105
628, 813
32 2, 388, 976
.60
292, 127
10, 366, 676
247, 966
. I 347, 647
11,8,120,124,133.
X
1,127,190.
413, 207
237,715 ; .34
26, 639
.,50
4, ,551, 572
234,983
483, 269
1,651,649
783,001
471,6,50
7.34.. K711
53,6li
10,578,664
.95
1.39
111,321
244, f.8fi
345, 798
222, 517
422
52805—23-
-;)
68
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION.
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 192? —
Continued.
Schultz
No.
Common name.
MEDiciNALs — Continued .
Acri aavine, neutral
Ammonium benzoate . .
Ammonium salicylate..
Apothesine (hydrochlo-
ride of diethylamino-
propyl-cinnamate) .
Arsphenamine
Aspirin (Acetylsaiicylic
acid).
Benzocaine or Anesthes-
ine (ethyl p-amino
benzoate).
Benzyl benzoate
Benzyl succinate ,
Bismuth betanaphthol. .
Bismuth tribromophe-
nol.
Brilliant green, medi-
cinal.
Butjna (p-amino ben-
zoyl-^amma di normal
butyl amino propanol
sulfate).
Chloramine T (Sodium
p-toluene sulfochlora-
mide).
Cincophen (phenyl cin-
choninic acid).
Creosote
Creosote carbonate
Dibromohydroxy mer-
cury fluorescein sodi-
um salt of.
Dichloramine T (p-tol-
uene sulfone dicnlora-
mide).
Ethyl-p-amino benzoate.
Formidine (methylene
disalicylic acid deriva-
tive).
Guaiacol benzoate
Guaiacol carbonate
G uaiacol crystals
Guaiacol liquid ,
Halo^.one (p-sulphone
dicliloroamido benzoic
acid).
Lithium benzoate
Luminal sodium (phen-
ylethylmalonylurea
sodium salt).
Magnesium salicylate . . .
Mercuric benzoate
Methyl salicylate (see
Flavors).
Methyl violet
Methylhydroxyrnethyl-
ester of salicylic acid.
Monoglycol ester of
salicylic acid.
b-Naphthol benzoate
Neoarsphenamine
Neocinchophen
Novaspirin (methylene-
citryl-salicylic acid).
Para fuchsiiie, medicinal
Phenacaine (ethenyl-
p - diethoxy - dipheiiyl
amidinc hydrochlo-
ride).
Phenolphthalein
Phenolsulphonates (cal-
cium, sodium, zinc,
etc.).
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
127.
164.
X..
X..
1, 58, 60, 116, 122, 149,
172.
17, 63, 120, 124, X....
1, 122, 164
72, 101, 120, 164, 190.
164, X
120, 133, 149
120,133
127.
1...
172, X.
1,25.
64
25, 64, 138, 147.
96
124, 172.
122.
X..
164
64
129
64, 118,'l29,'i38!
124
118, 164, X.
17
X..
164.
127.
17..
25,72
1, 58, 122, 149.
1
127.
122.
]40,X
1,25,114,120,149.
Sales.
Quantity.
Pounds.
917
1, 427, 385
1,744
15, 945
1,034
10,871
2,229
336,456
Value.
8257, 022
1,062,346
23,391
20,299
Average
price per
pound.
$280. 28
.74
13.41
1.27
21, 120
24,533
1, 032, 725
1.46
2.26
463.31
Production.
Pounds.
865
1,482,998
1,658
12, 798
10,631
2,904
300,993
PRODUCTION OF DYES AXD COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
59
Table 10. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products 1922
Continued.
Schult
No.
Common name.
Mannfacturer's iden
tiflcation number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Quantity
Value.
Average j Production,
price per
pound.
M E DiciNALS— continued
Phenyleth vl m a 1 o a y 1
urea.
Phenylthiocarbamide . .
17
Pounds.
Pounds.
- 31
Phloroglucinoi
. 53
Procaine (p-amino ben-
zoyldiethyl - amino-
ethanol).
Proflavine (3o diamine
acridine sulphate.
Proposote (creosote de-
rivative).
Pyoktanine blue, me-
dicinal.
Pyoktanine yellow
Resorcinol monoacetate
Sal-ethyl (ethyl salicy-
late).
Salicaine (Salicyl alco-
hol).
Salicylates, 'miscel-
laneous.
Salol (phenyl salicylate),
Salophen (Salicylic-acid-
acetyl-paraminophenol-
salicylate).
Scarlet red (extra) me-
dicinal.
Silver arsphenaraine
Sodium salicylate
Strontium salicylate
Tolysin (p-m e"t h y 1 -
phenyl-cinchoninic
acid ethyl ester).
Tribromophenol
Trypan bine, medicinal.
All other medicinals
Total medicinals. .
1,122,172
1,127
X
127
127
6S
X
25
149
120, 124, X. .
.57,025
$35,883.
SO. 63
17
127
122
63, 120, 124, 149, X,X.
X
423,834
140,308
.31
467,264
25
63
127
17
3,092,915
4,233,443
1.37
2,946,347
FL.WORS.
Coumarin (synthetic). . .
Ethyl benzoate
118,X,X,X
83,444
4,640
1,455
512
253,220
7,631
5,893
2,514
3.03
1.64
4.05
4.91
72, ,3,50
72, 73. 137, 164, 176,
189, 192, X, X.
72, 76, 101, 176, 192.
X.
72, 76, 176, 189, 192
192
•
Ethyl cinnamate
Ethyl salicylate...
4,370
1,364
Iso-butyl coumarone. . . .
Methyfcinnamate
Methjd salicylate
Saccharin
Vanillin
619
72,76, 101, 176, X....
63, 76, 120, 176, X,
X, X.
29, 164, X, X, X
2,30-1
882,311
9,591
295,482
4.16
.33
2,332
854,763
Total flavors
1,278,857
1,260,588
.99
'
PERFUME M.^TERIALS.
Acetophenone
72,101, 176,190
176
1,215,668
194
695
3.59
Amyl phenyl acetate...
194
Amyl salicylate
Aubepine (Aai;ic alde-
hj'de).
Benzophenone
72, 76, 125, 176, 190,
XX.
72, 76, 101, 176, 190. .
72
7,995
840
7,494
2,157
.94
2.57
11,010
805
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl benzoate
72, 76, 101, 125, 176,
190, X, X.
1,72,76,101,176,190..
101
19,607
3,886
25,618
4,475
1.31
1.15
18, 135
Benzyl butjTate
Benzyl cinnamate
Benzyl formate
.3,768
72,101,176
176
3enzyl i;oen?enoI
Benzyl propionate !
178
176
Beii/yaaine acetone |
12,5, 176
60
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION.
Table \0 .—Production and sales of dijes and other finished ccal-tar products, 1922 —
Continued.
Common name.
Manufacturer's iden-
tification number
(according to list
on page 117).
Sales.
Schultz
No.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Production.
PERFUME MATERIALS—
continued.
Bromst3Tol . .
72, 101, 176, 190
68
Pounds.
135
$517
$3. S3
Pounds.
139
Chloroacetophenone
Cinnamic aldehyde
Cinnaniyl acetate
Cinnamyl alcohol
Cinnamyl cinnamate
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethyl anthranilate . .
Dimethyl resorcinol
Diphenylmethane
Diphenvl oxide
72, 75,76, 176
176
72, 176
72
72, 76, 101, 176, 190,
X, X.
176
714, 196
541, 788
.76
725,984
176
176, 190
101, X
Hydratropic aldehyde. . .
Iso butyl phenyl acetate .
Iso butyl salicylate
Methyl acetophenoiie. . .
Methvl auisate
176
72, 125
176
176
176 ..
Methyl anthranilate
Methyl benzoate
Methyl guaiacol
72, 76, 101, 176, 184,
190.
72, 76, 137, 164, 176, X
176
548
2,579
4.71
625
Methyl-p-tolyl ketone. . .
Methvl phenyl acetate...
Nerolin (b-naphthol
ethyl ether)
72
72, 125. 176
94
394
4.19
72, 76, 176
b-Naphthyl anthranilate
Nonyl anthranilate
Phenj'l acetic acid
Phenylacetic aldehyde..
Phenyl ethyl acetate
Phenylethyl alcohol
Phenylethyl formate
Phenylethyl phenylace-
72
72
'
76
72, 101, 176, 190
72,101,176,190, X....
72, 101, 176, 190
176
. 413
47
188
4,908
716
1,648
II. 88
15.23
8.77
411
49
202
176
Phenylethyl propionate.
Phenylpropyl alcohol . . .
Phenylvinylethylene-
methyl ketone
Salicylic aldehyde
Yara-yara (b-naphthol
176
192
176
72
76, 176
Total perfume ma-
terials
778,696
643,436
.83
793,148
SYNTHETIC PHENOLIC
RESINS.
154 X X
125' 154 XX
Derived from eoumarone
16
Total resins
6,415,931
4,315,196 1 .67
.5,944,133
Total synthetic
tanning ma-
terials
13,105,204,X
1,981,588
103, 598
.05
1,910,519
'
Mai
famili
DYES NOT
nuf acturers were r
ar ore-war design
CLASSIFIED BY
equested to re
ations the pro(
SCHULT
3ort sep
auction (
Z NUMB
irately ii
3f dyes n
ER. '
1 terms
Lot clas
of their
sified by
Schultz. * The following table is a list of such dyes, together with
certain new dyes of American development for which there are no
foreign equivalents:
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922,
61
Name of dye.
Acid anthracene brown B
Acid anthracene brown RH
Acid anthracene brown VA
Acid blue R
Acid blue WG and acid violet
Acid chrome brown RM
Acid dark green
Ah^arin black
Alizarin blue (indigo shade)
Alizarin brown 5R
Alizarin green (not similar to any pre-
war type)
Alizarol black 3G
AJizarol brown B
Alizarol giay DG
Alizarol yellow 3G
Amido naphthol red 2B
Anthracene chrome black DN W ,
Anthracene chrome Bordeaux LR ,
Anthracene chromate brown EB ,
Anthracene chrome violet AH ,
Anthracene direct green B
Anthranol chrome green 3G
Anthrene jade green
Azo eosine 2B
Benzo chrome brown B !
Benzo chrome brown G
Benzo chrome brown R
Benzo chrome brown RR. ...... .......
Benzo fast black L
Benzo fast gray ] __[[
Benzo fast orange S
Benzo fast scarlet SB
Benzo rhoduline red B and ben/o red
12B
Blackley fast scarlet '.
Bordeaux 2BS '_,
Bordeaux red
BriUiant wool blue B
Bromo acid B '__[[
Bromo flourescein [.
Buffalo black AR, RB, 8B, "ad..
Buffalo chrome black NS
Cashmere black '
Chrome black
Chrome blue D
Chrome fast brown R [....... \.
Chrome green
Chrome green B ..!!....!!.!!..'!!!
Chrome green CB
Chrome green G
Chrome green SW ..[.WW.......
Chrome heliotrope '.'
Chrome yellow '. ]
Chrome yellow C LM .....'.
Chrome yellow DF
Chrome veliow SS
Manufac-
turers'
identifi-
cation
number
(according
to list on
p. 117).
Clironie veliow S\V,3G.
Cloth red
Cloth red R, 2R
Cotton brown R
Dcvoloped black 2B, G
Diamine azo Bordexiix B . .
Diimine cUechine B and G
Diimine fast blue FFB .
Diimond green
Diimond red BH A.
Dianil brown GN
Dia ine beti black N
Diizine black DM
Diadne black VNX, VZ .
84
84
84
4
X
77
23
205
205
205
70
127
127
127
127
4
34
34
130
34
4
130
129
129
6
4, 64, 130
64
64
129
64
64
X
4
127
55
55, 132
127
127
X
2r^, 44
44
64
4,23
• 38,70
127
38
X
44
25
77
130
84
X
84
127
4
12, 129
64
04
64
77,81
84
129
127
127
127
Name of dye.
Manufac-
turers'
identifi-
cation
number
(according
to list on
p. 117).
Diazo Bordeaux 7B 54
Diazofast red 7BL 64
Direct black EV 129
Direct blue 3RX 38
Direct bro\vn R 129
Direct dark green 4
Direct fast brown BR 143
Direct fast garnet X
Direct fast orange R 129
Direct fast scarlet ' X
Direct fast violet 4B i 143
Direct green L j 4
Direct salmon red 1 x
Direct seal brown ; X
Erie brown GB 127
Erie fast gray MR ' 127
Fast brilliant blue E A 4
Fast crimson R , 127
Fast wool violet B 127
Helio Bordeaux BL 64
Indanthrene blue BCS (pdr) 64, 129
Lake scarlet G > 127
Leather yellow ' ]27
Marine blue ] 23
Navy blue T i 25
Nerol black [ 4
Nerol 2B ; 129
New blue | X
Niagara blueNR, RL | 127
Oil brown ; 44
Oil brown M 127
Oil maroon O 127
Oil orange X
Oil red 3B 200
Oil red O 127
Oil red 3BX ; 200
Oil red C i 2OO
Oil yellow A, F, 2625 ; 127
Orange Y powder , ]32
Oxamine blue i X
Oxamine copper blue RRX [ 64
Oxamine fast claret | X
Oxamine light green G i 64
Oxydiamine violet ; X
Falachrome maroon i X
Palachrome veliow Y X
Pala-^ide brown B 1 X
Palaside green X
Phloxine B ; 55
Rapid fast red GL 64
Ro;anthrene AWL and B I 64
Rosanthrene R ' 64
Rosanthrene orange ; 64
Ro-:e bengale 3G ' 55
Ro-;olic acid ' .53
Se-ichrome black WSE 127
Se'ichrome green B ■ 127
Silk black 4B F 38
Silk l)rown G \ X
Silk brown R i X
Solamineblue FF ' 129
Sudan AX 30
Sulnhonvi milling red 23
Victo-ia"fast violet 2R , 84
Wool black B ' 129
Wool blue AD, CB, CG I 127
Wool bine BM ' 127
Woo! green B 127
Wool navy B j 127
Zambei lilack D 127
Zambezi black V 38,64, 127
62
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 11. — Comparison of production of dyes and other finisTied coal-tar products, 1921
and 1922.
Schultz
No.
Product.
Total production.
1922
32
33
34
38
41
42
48
58
61
66
68
82
89
112
134
141
145
154
161
163
164
169
173
177
181
IRS
194
198
202
211
217
227
257
265
283
284
303
304
333
337
3!0
342
343
344
363
424
462
463
464
474
475
476
477
485
Total finished coal-tar products
STILBENE DYES.
Direct yellow R
Chloramine orange G
PYRAZOLONE DYES.
Tartrazine.
MONOAZO DYES.
Butter yellow
Chrysoidine Y
Chrysoidine R
Orange G
Fast acid fuchsine B
Amino naphthcl red G . .
Alizarin yellow G
Alizarin yellow R
Victoria viol?t
Amino naphthol red 6 B.
Spirit yellow R
Ponceau 2 R
Metachrome brown B . . .
Bordeaux B
Metanil yeUow
Azo yellow
Orange II
Palatine chrome brown. .
Fast red A
Azo rubine
Fast red VR
Cochineal red
Litholred R
Mr.rdant yellow
Palicine black U
Sulphon acid blue R
Thiazine red R
Mimosa C
Palatine chrome red B . .
DISAZO DYES.
Resorcin brown
Agalma black 10 B
Brilliant croceine
Sulphoncyanine G
Sulphoncyanine black .
Bismarck brown
Bismarck brown 2 R . .
Paper yellow
Chrysophenine G
Oxamine black BHN..
Benzo blue 2 B
Beiizo orange R
Chrysamine G
Diamine fast red F . . . .
Diamine brown
Benzopurpurine 4 B . . .
Chicago blue G B
Total disazo dyes.
TRISAZO DYES.
Direct deep black E W. . .
Erie direct black RX
Erie direct green ET
Oxamine green B
Oxamine green G
Bonzamine brown 3 GO .
Congo brown G ,
TETRAKISAZO DYES.
BoDzo brown G
Total azo dyes.
Pounds.
88,368,131
375, 224
102,983
551,480
25,852
18,521
538,733
253,695
52,745
100,246
124,311
91,78.3
19,004
8,084
89,6,83
61,433
441,699
271,285
198, 362
128, 08C
146,990
81,453
107,938
90,790
42,4.32
20,837
236,010
178,272
312,828
474, 128
167,142
84,754
290,502
90,385
109,699
125,358
1,341,971
922,326
44,109
52,080
189,389
120,2.51
372,030
232, 21'6
57,572
144,957
97, 196
139,323
228,692
63, 194
20,785
94,214
1,165,939
1,523,220
60, 163
336,079
2,978
15,229
2,812
3,517
44,550
21,377
117,753
9,428
1,645,373
1,426,194
151,829
34,463
152,807
365,998
149,503
83,796
185,774
153,695
658,060
557,753
23,619
8,223
168,454
202,303
700,015
281,852
593,487
571,217
73,411
21,332
12,213
13,328
78,030
35,782
1?3,975
69,610
309,384
152,626
118,178
83,781
6,881,592
5,531,363
5, .326, 457
2,229,842
181,308
298, 516
57,066
30,055
215,140
155,753
53,235
62,028
695,602
491,347
234,963
213,403
129,436
.53,326
22, 448, 895
17,062,366
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
63
Table 11. — Comparison of production of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1921
and 1922 — ( 'ontinued.
512
515
539
536
539
587
592
616
617
626
649
659
679
697
698
699
700
720
782
874
877
Product.
DIPHENYLMETHANE DYES,
Auramine .
TEIPHENTLMETHANE DTES.
Magenta (or fuchsine) .
Methyl violet
Acid violet
Alkali blue
Soluble blue
Total triphenylmethane dyes
XANTHONE DYES.
Eosine ,
Erythrosine .
THIOBENZENYL DITIS.
Primuline
Columbia yellow.
OXAZINE AND TmAZINE DTES.
GaUoeyanine
Cotton blue or Meldola's blue.
Methylene blue
AZXNE D^-ES.
Safranine
Induline (spirit soluble) . .
Nigrojine (spirit soluble).
Induline (water soluble) -
Nigrosine (water soluble) .
SULPHUR DYES.
Sulphur black
Sulphur blue
Sulphur brown
Sulphur green
Sulphur maroon
Sulphur oUve
Sulphur tan
Sulphur yellow
Total sulphur dyen.
Alizarin brown .
ANTHRAQUINONE DYES.
INDIGO AND ITS DERIVATIVES.
Total production.
1922
Pounds.
314,827
84,683
350, 564
125,199
91,83:
21,0.9
898,781
74,697
6,713
252, 450
230, 204
82,253
26, 289
372, 077
i:'8,590
45,015
.349,325
121,009
1,338,0153
12,877,6-9
865,091
1, 778, 780
169, 769
210, 222
11.5,702
242,835
544,077
16,91.3,767
Indigo, synthetic .
Indigo extract . . .
Total dyes.
67,609
15,850,752
543,044
COLOR LAKES.
Black lakes
Blue lakes
Brown lakes
Eosine lakes
Green lakes
Litholred lakes.
Maroon lakes
Orange lakes
Para red
Red lakes
Scarlet lakes
Violet lakes
Yellow lakes
Total color lakes
Total photographic chemicals.
1921
Pounds.
94,484
49,797
190,643
43,043
73,596
21,356
•21
09,073
6,644
129, 281
86,418
140,064
33, 970
209, 395
•52, 771
55, 339
168, 402
92, 988
626,706
7,832,696
190,621
1,159,115
70, 428
230, 773
55, 920
121,390
316, 399
10, 239, 255
6,673,968
58), 931
64,632,187
39,008,690
544, 284
242,095
840, 584
360, 807
199,932
27,986
482,639
309,326
420,824
200,924
555,716
277,733
822, 105
560,775
628,813
233,818
2,388,976
1,925,017
1,651,649
1,002,749
783,001
438, 115
471,659
182,021
734,870
190,988
10,578,664
6, 152, 187
345,798
183,798
64
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 11. — Comparison of production of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1921
and 19f2 — Continued.
S chill tz
No.
Product.
MEDICINALS.
Acetaoilide
Arsphenamine
Aspirin (aeetylsalicylic acid)
Phenolsulphonates (calcium, sodium, zinc, etc)
Sodium salicylate
Total medicinals
FLAVORS.
Coumarin
Ethyl benzoate
Methyl cinnamate
Methyl salicylate
Total flavors
PERFUME MATERIALS.
Acetophenone
Amyl salicylate
Aubepine (anisic aldehyde)
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl benzoate
Bro'nstyrol
Diethylphthalate
Methyl anthranilate
Phenylacetic aldehyde
Phenylethyl alcohol
Total perfumes
Total synthetic phenolic resins
Total synthetic tanning materials
Total production.
1922
Pounds.
222,517
865
1, 482, 998
300, 993
467,264
2,946,347
72, 350
4.370
2,332
854, 763
1,215,668
194
11,010
805
18, 135
3, 768
139
725,984
625
411
202
1921
Pound*.
207,433
670
733,510
28, 408
319,350
793, 148
5,944,133
1.910,519
1,545,917
52,097
5,551
2,786
640,943
901,246
165
3,327
2,197
7,191
13,789
252
73,937
655
822
157
119,335
1,643,796
1,902,597
Employees and Rates of Pay.
Reports were made by 177 of the 209 firms manufacturing coal-
tar products concerning the number of employees receiving specified
rates of pay on December 18, 1922, or the nearest representative
date for which this information could be obtained. The data re-
turned are contained in Table 12. The 32 firms not reporting
either conducted a business in which coal-tar products were not the
primary articles of manufacture or they did not have separately
organized departments dealing with coal-tar products. The 177
firms reported a total of 16,259 employees, an increase of 2,967 over
1921. The number of employees in 1921 in turn represented a
decrease of 8,895 from 1920. The chemists and technically trained
men in 1922 totaled 1,757, or 10.8 per cent of all employees. In 1921
there were 1,722 men of this class constituting 12.9 per cent of all
employees. Of chemists and technically trained men in 1922,
29.93 per cent received $50 or more but under $75 per week; 22.81
per cent received $75 per week and over; 9.85 per cent received $40
or more but under $45 per week; 9.27 per cent received $45 or more
but under $50 per week; 6.55 per cent received $35 or more but under
$40. Of men without technical training 29.16 per cent received $20
or more but under $25 per week; 22.13 per cent received $25 or more
but under $30 per week; and 20.03 per cent received $15 or more but
under $20 per week.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1922.
65
In general, the wages of 1922 for chemists and technically trained
men showed a small increase over wages in 1921, whereas for all men
without technical training there was a small reduction during the
same period. Table 12 contains a comparison for specified rates
of pay of technically trained men and of men without such training.
Among the technically trained men, there was an increase of about 4
per cent in the pay of each of the three classes receiving $40 to $45,
$45 to $50, and $50 to $75 per week. Of men without technical
training, there was a decrease of about 7 per cent in the weekly wages
of the two classes receiving $25 to $30 and $30 to $35 per week.
In 1919 the dye and coal-tar chemical industry had probably a
larger proportion of technically trained men than were in any other
manufacturing industry in the United States.
There is a striking contrast between the size of the industry in
1914 and in 1922. According to the bureau of the Census, the
number of employees engaged in the manufacture of coal-tar colors
and other products in 1914 was 528, divided as follows : Salaried
employees, 130; wage earners (average number), 398. The total
number of firms engaged in this industry during that year was seven.
Table 12.— Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry, 1922.
Number of employees at each
specified wage engaged in
manufacturing operations.
Percentage receiv-
ing each speci-
fied wage.
Percentage receiv-
ing each specified
wage or more.
Wages per week.
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men.
Men
without
technical
training.
All em-
ployees.
Of all
chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men.
Of all
men
without
technical
training.
Of all
chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men.
Of all
men
without
technical
training.
Under $10
3
13
35
73
153
102
115
173
163
526
401
97
495
2,905
4,229
3,210
1,882
871
481
193
131
8
100
508
2,940
4,302
3,363
1,984
986
654
356
657
409
0.17
.74
1.99
4.16
8.72
5.81
6.55
9.85
9.27
29.93
22.81
0.67
3.41
20.03
29.16
22.13
12.98
6.01
3.32
1.33
.90
.06
100. 00
99.83
99.09
97.10
92.94
84.22
78.41
71.86
62.01
52.74
22.81
100 00
$10 but under $15
99 33
$15 but under $20
95 92
$20 but under $25
75 89
$25 but imdcr m)
46 73
$30 but under $55.
$35 but under $40
11 62
$40 but under $45.. . .
5 61
$45 but under S-50
2.29
$50 but under $75
96
$75 and over
06
Total
1,757
14,502
16, 259
100.00
100. 00
Percentage rec
eiving eac
ti specified
wage or more.
Wages per week
0 f all chemists and t
trained mer
jchnically
1.
Of all me
n without technical
training.
1922
1921
Increased
percent-
age.
1922
Decreased
1921 percent-
age.
$10 but under $15
99.8
99.1
97.1
92.9
84.2
78.4
71.9
62.0
52.7
22.8
99.3
95.9
75.9
46.7
24.6
11.6
5.6
2.3
1.0
.1
99. 4 0. 1
$15 but under $20
99.2
96.6
90.7
84.5
76.7
67.7
58.1
48.9
23.5
0. 1
«.5
«2.2
.3
M.7
M.2
«3.9
>3.8
.7
9.5.4
78.1
52.8
32.5
15.7
8.8
4.4
2.5
.4
2.5
$20 but under $25
2.2
$25 but under $30
6 1
$30 but under $35
8.9
$35 but under $40
4.1
$10 but under $45
3.2
$45 but under $.50
2 1
$50 but under $75
1.3
$75 and over
.5
I Decrease.
* Increase.
66 united states tariff commission.
Research Work.
Of the 209 firms engaged in the manufacture of dyes and other
coal-tar chemicals, 67 had separately organized research laboratories
for the solution of technical problems and for the development or discov-
ery of new products. The net operating expenses of these laboratories,
together with research work done in the laboratories not separately
organized for research, were $2,172,508. This includes salaries, appa-
ratus, and materials, after deducting the value of salable products
made in the research laboratories. The figure for 1922 shows a
decrease of $2,074,160 compared with that of 1921. This figure is
doubtless an understatement of the real cost of experimental work,
since it does not include, in all cases, the cost of research done as a
part of manufacturing operations and not shown on the books of the
companies as a charge against research.
The coal-tar chemical industry in the United States has expended
$21,545,915 in research work alone, according to reports to the Tariff
Commission during the last five years (1917-1922;) with the exception
of the year 1917, this is net, and does not include the value of salable
products made in the experimental department. The energetic and
extensive investigations into the manufacture of dyes have been
greater probably than in any other field of chemical research. The
achievements of this period, 1917-1922, namely the establishment of
a large dye and synthetic organic chemical industry, with its early
progress and developments, must be attributed in no small part to
the enormous expenditures in research. New dyes and other chemi-
cals have been developed each year. The costs of production have
been reduced, as reflected in the prices of dyes. A large expenditure
for research is essential if an industry is to be self-contained and
placed on a stable, efficient basis of operation. Not only must the
industry consider, as in the past, the production of products already
in existence, but the development and discovery of new dyes, phar-
maceuticals, and other products are necessary if the industry is to
develop and maintain a competitive position in the world's markets.
The expenditures for research decreased during 1921, and still more
so in 1922, because many concerns were obliged to retrench
when business conditions were poor. While this no doubt retarded
the progress of the industry to some extent, there were nevertheless
advances made during that period and better progress may be ex-
pected during 1923.
PART III.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE
UNITED STATES, 1922 CALENDAR YEAR.
67
I
Part III.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED
STATES, 1922 CALENDAR YEAR.
INTEODUCTORY.
Since 1919 the United States Tariff Commission has compiled a
detailed census of dye imports similar to that pubhshed by the
Department of Commerce under the title Artificial Dyestuffs used
in the United States (fiscal year 1913 and 1914), commonly known
as the "Norton Import census."
The commission first compiled such statistics for use in the admin-
istration of section 501, Title 5, of the act of September 8, 1916,
making the continuance of specific duties on coal-tar products after
Septembers, 1921, dependent upon whether there should be produced
in the United States as much as 60 per cent in value of the consump-
tion of these products. As the information was found to be of direct
value to manufacturers, consumers, and importeis, as well as to the
commission itself, the census of imports was continued into 1922.
Through cooperation with the Treasury Department the figures were
compiled from invoices of shipments of dyes to the various ports of
the United States. Statistics of warehouse withdrawals were incom-
plete for 1921, as figures could not be obtained in cases where only a
portion of a shipment had been withdrawn. It was possible to
obtain a complete record of warehouse withdrawals during 1922
which makes the statistics for this year more complete than those of
the preceding year.
In tabulating the statistics the commission has followed in the main
the Schultz Farbstoff Tabellen (1914 edition), which is based on the
chemical composition of the dye. Certain types were also identified
according to the Norton census and others according to sources of
information in the files of the Tariff Commission. Dyes identified
by Norton as "a, b, and c" classes under a given Schultz number are
listed under that number (without subdivision) except in a few
instances where they were incorrectly designated. Dyes included
under these ''a, b, and c" classes are not always chemically identical
with the original Schultz types. Those dyes which could not be
identified by Schultz numbers are classified by the ordinary method
of application as follows: Acid, basic, direct, lake and spirit-soluble,
mordant and chrome, sulphur, and vat. In many cases the classi-
fication of a dye by its method of application is arbitrary, as certain
colors may be applied by either of two methods. A few dyes could
not be classified by either the Schultz tables or the method of appli-
cation, and are therefore listed under the heading "unclassified and
unidentified dyes."
The Tariff Commission does not vouch for the accuracy of these
classifications, as the identifications were supplied by dye experts,
69
70
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSKjN
and by foreign manufacturers; it was not possible to make a chemical
examination of each dye imported.
In the Case of English dyes the published value includes c. i. f.
charges. In the case of Swiss dyes all extra charges are included.
The German invoices vary, but usually the extra charges are included
in the invoice values.
The approximate value of the extra charges incident to importation
of coal-tar colors into the United States in 1922 is as follows:
1. Consular certification. — A fee of $2.50 for all invoices covering
shipments the value of which exceeds $100.
2. Freight. — This includes freight to seaport and ocean freight.
The cost of freight from all German factories to New York, as fur-
nished by one large importer, was $0.0147 per pound. The cost of
freight from Basel to New York in the case of a large shipment of
colors was $0.01 per pound. The freight cost varies of course to a
considerable degree, as it depends upon the packing, the size of ship-
ments, and other factors.
3. Insurance charges for shipments from factory to New York in
the case of German dyes as reported by a large importer were $0.0043
per $1. In the case of a large shipment of Swiss dyes from Basel,
the insurance charge was $0,005 per $1.
4. PacMng. — These charges for dyestuffs as reported by a large
importer were as follows:
Quantity (kilos).
Powder
products
(charges
perWlos).
Paste
products
(charges
per kilos).
Quantity (MIos).
Powder
products
(charges
per kilos).
Paste
products
(charges
per kilos).
1 to 10
Marks.
30
10
8
Marks.
35
15
12
51 to 100
Marks.
6
5
4
Marks.
10
11 to 25
101 to 150
8
26 to 50
151 and above
6
For liquid products in iron drums the packing charges were :
Drums containing — Marks.
100 liters 3, 000
250 liters 4, 350
500 liters 7, 500
540 liters : 8, 000
The rate of exchange used in converting the foreign invoice value
to United States currency was the rate given on the invoice.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IX UNITED STATES^ 1922, 71
Table 13. — Summary of dyes imported for consumption, classified by method of
application.
CALENDAR YEARS, 1920-1922.
1922
1921
1920
Class.
Pounds.
Per
cent of
total.
Pounds.
Per
cent of
total.
Pounds.
Per
cent of
total.
Acid
601,395
505
1,. 548, 519
15.10
.01
1,455,823
70,975
1,045,370
34.24
1.66
24.59
733,405
171,101
761,363
21.55
Vat:
5.04
22.37
Total
1,549,024
38.90
1,116,345
26.25
932,464
27.41
Mordant and chrome:
C a ) Alizarin
27,086
689,704
.68
17.32
133,283
559,678
3.58
12.78
73,252
636,230
2.16
(b) Mordant and chrome
18. 71
Total
716,790
18. 00
695,901
16.38
709,482
20.87
Direct
671,621
194, S«3
155,084
76,853
16,981
16.86
4.89
.3.89
1.93
.43
537,664
220,938
163,527
43, .553
19,100
12.64
5.20
3.84
1.02
.45
571,581
229,140
192,163
17,527
16,820
16. 80
SulDhur
6.73
Basic
5.64
.51
.49
Total
3,982,631
100. 00
4,252,911
100. 00
3,402,582
100. 00
Important dyes imported. — The following table lists the dyes of each
class imported in largest amounts. It is readily seen that certain dyes
are not yet on the domestic manufacturing list, or from the size of the
import that they are not yet produced in sufficient quantity to meet
domestic requirements. The figures should prove of particular
interest in readjusting a domestic program for a self-contained dye
industry.
Table 14. — Dyes of each class according to method of application, imported in largest
quantity during the cahndar year 1922, compared with imports in 1921 and fiscal
year 1914.
Schultz
No.
Class and name of dye.
1922
1921
523
543
506
19
860
546
564
265
531
22
220
606
571
493
618
660
573
516
681
608
559
Fast greea
Patent blue ,
Kiton fast yellow
Alizarin rubinol
Erioglaucine
Fast light yeUow
Cyananthrol G
Cyanol
Naphthalene green
Polar red
Sulphoncyanine black.
Eriocyanine
Acid rhodamine
Xylene Ught yeUow . . .
Palatine black
BASIC DYES.
Phosphine
Rhodamine 6G..
Aura mine
ThioflavineT...
Methylene green .
Rhodamine B . . .
Crystal violet . . .
New Fast gray..
Euchrysine
Victona blue B . .
Pounds.
Pounds.
Pounds.
52,498
22,619
14,347
49,136
42,708
196,228
46, 753
11,290
3,157
26, 457
«
10,917
25,852
16,004
66, 526
25,555
23,315
38,908
20,648
12,713
14,271
20,658
40,015
19, 298
23, 926
22, 144
14,926
2,579
2,821
14,858
615
69, 590
14,808
16,808
25,091
13,275
4,166
6,463
12,937
60, 422
23,074
11,436
14, 850
299, 274
51,711
21,325
168,225
13, 545
10,069
37,515
12,599
35,532
449, 276
6,765
7,297
35, 224
6,069
3, 318
30,812
5,077
10, 890
59, 354
4,331
1,450
51,872
3,628
2,2%
29,507
3,476
872
15,403
3,417
12, 342
127, 769
1 Included under Schedule No. 856.
72
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table U—Dues of each dciss according to method of application, imported in largest
quantity during the calendar year 1922, compared with imports %n 1921 and fiscal year
1914 — Continued.
Schultz
No.
449
457
392
3.58
273
206
451
198
319
354
789
551
S58
801
637
778
S54
780
181
159
800
■862
29
622
Class and name of dye.
DIRECT DYES.
Trisulphon brown
Trisulphon brown GG
Toluylene orange
Diphenyl red
Diaminosene blue
Chlorantiue fast violet
Diphenyl citechine G 133.
Congo fast blue
Thiazol yeUow
Diamine scarlet
Diazo sky blue
Chi o"an tine fast blue
Direct gray R
Benzo fast heliotrope
Dia '.amine blue
881
901
761
760
768
910
748
919
907
918
873
908
1922
MORDANT AND CHROME DYES.
Pounds.
45, 697
37,648
36, 920
.3.3,915
18, 620
18, 188
17,000
17,012
16, 196
14, 137
14,067
12, 898
12, 608
12, 407
11,378
Anthracene blue WR
Eriochrome a 'urol BC
Ali arin saphirol B
All arin bhie S
Gallamine blue extra paste
Ali '.arin (sjmthetic)
Ali arin viridine DG FF
Ali arin red
Eriochrome black A , ,.,■ „y ,
Acid alizarin black w' 996
Anthracene blue 22' 277
Alizarin blue black 2o' 227
Eriochrome red , „' .,„„
Delphine blue B \^'iil
Eriochrome brown ROS 933 ^''^*'
52, 364
43,191
46, 596
32,916
29, 237
27, 086
25, 910
25, 872
24, 499
SULPHUR DYES.
Thi on ol brown..
EcUpse brown..
Cross dye green .
Thionol yellow.
Sulphur green..
VAT DYES.'
Indanthrene blue BCS * (single strength)
Ciba blue 2B (single strength)
Ciba violet B (single strength) - - . .
Indanthrene golden orange R (single strength) .
Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength) .
Indanthrene violet B (single strength)
Helindone pink, AN, BN, paste
HeUndone pink, BR paste -
Indanthrene blue RS (single strength)
Hydron blue (single strength)
Ciba Bordeaux B (single strength)
Ciba scarlet - -
Helindone red 3B (single strength) . .
Helindone brown AN (single strength)
Ciba red R paste
48, 750
35, 991
27, 834
26,682
24, 872
1921
1914
Pounds.
38, 558
22, 872
523
4,036
19, 182
5, 622
9,259
6,945
12, 399
6,892
5,070
11,155
2,189
Pounds.
16, 781
7,562
67, 032
14, 305
8,308
107, 769
19,344
28,606
21, 521
15, 179
2 136, 283
9,499
15, 565
224, 002
3,808
4,057
43, 277
1,102
13, 842
1,213
20,632
21,248
51,074
17,704
239,085
205, 582
131,661
78, 145
73, 305
54, 768
48, 633
40,668
39,999
39, 723
33,621
33, 246
32, 819
31,450
25, 188
99,937
21,987
56, 390
33, 423
14,957
31, 813
28,908
146,072
4,625
10,695
17, 566
27, 747
110
s Figure from Department Of Commerce. j, . , , +v, k„o;c
« Vat dyes imported in 1914 were not converted to smgle-strength basis.
< Imported as powder.
8,642
4,449
29, 879
41,175
6,150
13,018
107, 778
21,060
14, 305
98, 379
2, 7,56
202,392
81,929
96, 570
16, 800
54, 812
54, 706
5,491
4,393
100
9,157
16, 880
20, 836
50,496
20,092
50, 034
41,699
187,379
296,723
899
22,265
27,874
2,831
1,001
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES^ 1922. 73
1. THE SIX LEADING GERMAN COMPANIES.
A Actien-Gesellschaft fur Anilin-Fabrikation, Berlin. Founded 1873.
Branches in France and Russia.
B Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik, Ludwigshafen on the Rhine. Founded
1865. Branches in France and Russia.
By Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Co., Leverkusen on the Rhine.
Founded 1862. Branches in France and Russia.
C Leopold Cassella & Co., Frankfort on the Main. Founded 1870. Branches
in France and Russia.
K Kalle & Co., A. G., Biebrich on the Rhine. Founded 1870. Branch in
Russia.
M Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Briinin^, Hochst on the Main.
I Founded 1862. Branches in France and Russia.
2. THE SEVEN SMALLER GERMAN COMPANIES.
BK Leipziger Anilinfabrik Beyer & Kegel, Furstenbers: near Leipzig. Founded
1882.
CG Chemikalienwerk Greisheim G. m. 1). H., Griesheim on the Main. Founded
1881.
CJ Carl Jager G. m. b. H., Aniliufarbenfabrik, Dusseldorf. Founded 1823.
GrE Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Electron, Offenbach on the Main. Founded
1842.
L Farbwerk Muhlheim vorm. A. Leonhardt & Co., Muhlheim on the Main.
Founded 1879. Branch in France.
tM Chemische Fabriken vorm. Weiler ter Meer, Uerdingen on the Rhine.
Founded 1877.
WD Wulfing, Dahl & Co., A. G. Barmen. Founded 1842.
3. DUTCH, BELGIAN, AND FRENCH COMPANIES.
FA Farbwerk Ammersfoort, Ammersfoort, Netherlands. Founded 1888.
NF Niederlandische Farben- und Chemikalienfabrik Delft, Delft, Nether-
lands. Founded 1897. Branch in Russia.
LG Lazard Godchaux, of Brussels. (These products are probably compounded
largely from the dyes made by A. Wiescher ik Co., of Haeren, Belgium.)
P Societe Anonyme des Matieres colorantes et produits chimiques St. Denis
(formerly A. Poirrier), St. Denis, near Paris, France. Founded 1830.
4. SWISS COMPANIES, ALL AT BASEL.
DH Farbwerke vorm. L. Durand, Huguenin & Co. Founded 1871. Branches
in Germany and France.
G Anilinfarben- imd Extract-Fabriken vorm. Joh. Rud. Geigy. Founded
1764. Branches in France, Germany, and Russia.
I Gesellschaft fur chemische Industrie. Founded 1885. Branch in France.
S Chemische I'abrik vorm. Sandoz & Co. Founded 1887.
5. ENGLISH COMPANIES.
Bro Brotherton and Co. (Ltd.), City Chambers, Leeds.
B. A. C British Alizarine Co. (Ltd.), Silvertown.
B. D British Dyestuffs Corporation (Ltd.), London.
<'l. Co The Clayton Aniline Co. (Ltd.). Clayton, Manchester.
t '. V The Colne Vale Dve and Chemical Co. (Ltd.). Milnsbridge. Huddersfield.
Hoi L. IL HoUiday and Co. (Ltd.), Huddersfield.
Sol Solway Dyes Co., Carlisle.
Scot Scottish Dyes ("Ltd.), Grangemouth.
52805—23 6
74
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION,
Table 15. — -Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922.
[This table gives details as to the quantity and invoice value of each dye imported, together with the
various commercial types and their corresponding foreign manufactures.]
Schultz
No.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Total
Pounds.
3,982,631
$5,243,257
Martins yellow 1 .
6
200
Napthaline yellow
Q
Martins yellow
A
9
Direct yellow
25
Naphtamine yellow BN
K
11
Chloramine orange
30
25
Micado brown B
L
Micado brown G
L
Micado brown M
L
18
Diphenyl fast yellow
6,458
G
19
Fast light yellow
25,555
46,682
Erio flavine SX
G
Erio flavine SX 654 .
G
Fast light yellow GG
By
Fast light yellow GGG.
By
Fast light yellow G
By
22
Xylene light yellow .
13,506
Xylene light yellow 2G cone .
S
Xylene light j'ellow R . .
S
28
Hansa yellow G .
6,294
3,922
Hansa yellow 5G lumps 650 .
M
Hansa yellow G lumps
M
Hansa yellow G paste
M
29
Erio chrome red
20, 227
Erio chrome red B 915
G
Erio ciu-ome red G 978
G
38
Orange G ,
Orange 2RL
C
M
100
1
399
40
Chromotrope 2R
42
Amido naphthol red G
G
56
Autol red
4,001
Autol red B L powder .
B
Nitrosamine red paste .
B
.57
Chromotrope 2B . . .
M
S
1
251
201
58
Ultra orange R
63
Azo acid blue ....
Azo acid blue B cone
S
64
Lanafuchsine ...
1,012
Sorbine red X ..
B
SorbineredBB
B
67
Fast acid red ...
BD
100
450
87
Peri wool blue. .
Peri wool blue B '
C
Peri wool blue G
C
88
2,632
Acid anthracene brown R
By
By
91
Anthracyl chrome green
WD
A
B
441
6,118
1
201
100
Eosamine B . .
106
Autol red RLP powder
118
Geranine
Geranine G 295 .
By
121
Erica B
2,458
8,045
Erica B cone
S
Erica B extra
B
Erica B extra
A
Erica BN . . .
L
124
1
M
M
125
Diazinc black G
K
M
1,2.50
13
2,498
126
Janus blue B.
1.33
2,499
G
G
G
G ..
139
Orange IV. ... ..
M
4
5,834
140
Curcnmeine . .
5,469
DH
DH
Jasmine high cone 729
G
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 75
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Schaltz
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
No.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
141
Azo yellow
Pounds.
248
Azo flavine F. F. UX
B
Azo flavine cone
Q
145
Orange II extra cone
B
Q
B
B
G
25
99
201
500
1,020
23,975
147
Azo fuchsine S
151
Orange RO
154
Palatine chrome brown RX.
158
Clirorae brown R VV 899 .
159
Acid alizarin black
Acid alizarin black R
s
160
Naplitvlamine brown
B
5
4,628
177
Mordant vellow . . .
86,550
Milling vellow 0
c
Milling yellow 3G
c
Chrome yellow D F powder
By
180
Erio chrome blue black BC
14, 227
Erio chrome blue black BC 926.
G...
Erio chrome blue black G 925
G...
182
Brilliant sulphur red
9.557
11,796
Brilliant sulphon red B
s
s
Fast sulphon violet 5BS
s
183
Erio chrome black T 934
G
13,977
24,499
184
Erio clirome black A
(i. .,
Erio chrome black E 965
G
187
C
556
16, 196
198
Thiazol yellow
G
206
Diphenyl catechine G 133
G
17,000
9,797
207
Diphenyl fast brown GNC 129...
G...
Diphenyl fast brown GF 365
G.
211
Re^orcine brown F
K
G
350
^9
52
212
Acid brown RN 532
217
Naphtylamiue black
Bv
Naphtylamine black 4B
C .
220
Palatine black
11,436
Palatine black 4BXX.
B
A
222
Janus yellow G
M
1,200
277
227
Cotton scarlet extra
B
240
Janus red B
K
M
1 570 '
- 241
247
Neutral grey G
Diamine grey G..
Scarlet E C
"6.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.
550
Imperial scarlet SB .\...
Bv
9^
Erio clirome verdon
16,502
Erio chrome verdon S 1042
Aliiarino chrome green A
G
Victoria black
251
Bv
265
Sulpho cyanLna black
14, 858
""i2,'465
G
Acid milling black B 652 cone
G...
Sulphon cyanine black 2B
Bv
266
Naphthylamine black
51
Naphthylamine black 6B
c
273
Diamino:<eno blue
22,42.)
Diaminogene blue N A
c
274
Diaminogeno blue BB
C
Dianiinogene extra
c
8,527
13,382
Bv
Zambesi pure blue 4B
A
276
Diamond green
2,796
Diamond green SS
Bv
Diamond green 3G
5y
279
Benzo fast scarlet
992
Direct fast scarlet SE
I
293
Milling red
9,955
(i
Fast mordant yellow
820 .
Fast mordant yellow G powder
B
Cotton yellow
3,579 .
Benzo fast yellow 4GL extra
Bv .
Benzo fast yellow RI^
Bv
76 UNITED STATES TAKIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Dye.
Chrysophenine
Chrysophenine cone, pure
Pyramine orange 3G ■
Pyramine orange RR
Congo orange G
Diamine s ^arlet
Diamine scarlet B
Diamine scarlet ."^B
Chloramine rol B
Chloramine re'l B
Chloramine red 3B
Trisulphon violet B
Oxy diamine violet
" Benzo violet
Benzo violet O
Nanhthamine violet BE
Benzo fast red
Benzo fast red
Benzo fast red SB L
Naphthamino blue
Naphthamine blue GEF 91 per cent
Naphthamine blue 3R
Benzo orange R
Chrysamine
Chrysamine K
Diamine fast red
Chloramine fast red F
Diamin'i fast red 8BL
Diamine brown
Diamine brown 3G
Direct dark brown M
Oxamine red
Oxamine red 3BX
Diphenvl brown BN ,
Dinhenyl browTi BBNC 132 ,
Diphenyl brown GS 199
Diamine brown B
Diamine brown B
Direct gray R
Direct gray R paste 1022
Diphenyl red
Aceto purpurine SB
Aceto purpurine SB
Aceto purpurine SB ,
Toluylene red
Toluylene red 00 ,
Chloramine red 8BS
Diphenyl red .SC 373
Chloramine red SB cone
Chloramine red 8BS...
Chlorantine red 8BS . .'
Trypan red
Pyramine orange R
Sulphonazurine ,
Sulphonazurine D ,
Diazo brilliant black ,
Diazo brilliant black B ,
Diazo briUiant black B ,
Diazo brilliant black B cone. 70 per cent.
Delta purpurine
Delta purpurine 5B ,
Delta purpurine 3B ,
Brilliant congo
Brilliant cougo R
Congo orange
Congo orange R
Chloramine blue
Chloramine blue BXR ,
Typhan blue
Toluylene orange
Pyrazol orange G
Pyrazol orange G cone
Toluylene fast orange G L
Acid anthracene red
Acid anthracene red 5B L
Diamine yellow N.>
Diamine yellow N 110 per cent
Manu-
facturer.
By.
By.
K..
By.
By.
Q...
B...
A...
GrE.
GrE.
^■::
I
I
Q...
Q...
B...
By.
Q..
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
A.'!
s...
By.
By.
cV."
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
701
2,110
35
50
14,137
251
1,413
1,991
201
4,432
110
'2,' 598
662
"ii'eos
'33,'945"
4
1,946
954
7,769
120
'366"
2,502
2
36. 920
535
DYES IMP(JRTED FOR CONSUMPTION^ IX UNITED STATES^ 1922, 77
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Schultz
No.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
416
Brilliant azurihe .5G
Pounds.
1,270
By.. . .
Brilliant azurine 5G 30 percent
By
424
Chicago blue 6B
7, 337
$7 177
Chloramine sky blue FF
S
Chloramine sky blue FF cone
S 1
Chloramine skrv blue FF cone. 200 per cent
s
Diamine skv blue FF
c
426
Benzamine pure blue
1,751
Chloramine sky blue A cone
s
Chloramine sky blue A cone. 2{)0 per cent
s
436
Columbia black . . ."
7
Columbia black FF
A . .
446
Benzo olive
By
.50
1,040
448
Diamine bronze R
Diamine bronze G
c
449
Trisulphon brown
45,697
74 935
Trisulphon brown B
s . . .
Trisulphon brown B 12
s
Trisulphon brown B cone
s
Trisulphon B cone, 200 per cent
s
Trisulphon brown MB
s
451
Congo fast blue
17,012
Chlorantine fast blue RL cone
I . .
4.56
Benzo fast blue
6,997
12 145
Benzo fast blue 4GL
By....
Benzo fast blue 4G L
Q...:.::
Benzo fast blue 2GL
By
Benzo fast blue B
Q :
;
4.57
Trisulphon brown GG
37, 648
52 114
Trisulphon brown GG
S
Trisulphon brown GG cone
s
Trisulphon brown GG cone
I
Trisulj)hon brown GG 12
s
s
Trisulphon brown GG2G
I
462
Direct deep black
4,409
Direct deep black E W
By
Carbide fast black GF cone
r
'
471
Chloramine blue 3G
s
1,261
440
484
Cloth fast red R cone
I
Cloth fast red B cone
I
493
Auramine
12, 599
11 382
I
Auramine O
s
Auramine Y
Q
Auramine cone
B .
494
Auramine G
110
Auramine G 437
G
495
Malachite preen
14
Malachite green
Q
Diamond green BXX powder
B .. ..
4%
Setoglaucine
1,198
Setoglaucine 753
G
498
Turquoise blue
12
Turquoise blue 0
By
499
Brilliant green
1
Brilliant green cone
B
500
Setopaline
2,824
Setopaline cone. 707
G.. . .
Setocyanine 396
G
£03
1,661
Neptune green sgx
B
Benzyl green B cone
I.. .
505
Light green (yellowish)
300
Light green SF yellowish XX
B
£06
Erioglaueine
25, 852
47,916
Erioglaucine
G.
Erioglaueine EP 54S
G.
Erioglaucine supra 528
G
Erioglaucine AC 501
G.
Erioglaucine AP 545
G
Erioglaucine AP 545
I
1
507 j
10,310
Xylene blue VS
S
Xylene blue VS cone
s
1
78
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Dye.
Xylene blue AS
Xylene blue AS
Xylene blue AS cone
Magenta
New Magenta C
Red violet
Violet R ,
Methvl violet
Methyl violet 5R
Methyl violet 6B 80
Methyl violet B extra
Methyl violet BB extra
Methyl violet NFB
Crystal violet
" Crystal violet lOB
Crystal violet extra
Crystal violet extra powder
Benzyl violet
Methyl violet 6B extra ,
Ethyl purple
Ethyl vinlet
Ethyl violet ,
Ethyl violet cone
Aniline blue
Night blue
Victoria blue 4R
Victoria blue 4R highly cone
Victoria blue 4R cone
Fast green ,
Fast green extra bluish
Fast green extra bluish
Fast green extra bluish cone. 60 per cent .
Fast green extra bluish
Fast §reen extra blue shade
Fast light green ,
Acid magenta
Acid magenta ,
Acid magenta (BASF)
Acid violet 4BN
Acid violet 4BNS
Acid violet 4BNS cone
Acid violet N
Fast acid violet lOB ,
Kiton fast violet lOB cone
Acid violet
Guinea violet 4B
Eriocyanine ,
Eriocyanine A 665
Eriocyanine A 665 cone
Eriocyanine AC 503
Acid violet 7B ,
Acid violet 7B cone
Methyl alkali blue
Methyl alkaUne blue MLB ,
Alkali blue ;
Alkali blue 3R cone
Methyl blue for silk
Methyl Lyons blue
Methyl Lyons blue 410
Silk blue \V
Methyl silk blue NCW 706
Soluble blue
Soluble blue T
Soluble blue IN
Silk blue BT 5BOO
Silk blue extra cone
Pure blue cone
Water blue 32129
Patent blue
Tetra cyanole A
Tetra cyanole A
Tetra cyanole V
Tetra cyanole
Tetra cyanole
Patent'bluo V
Patent marine blue LE
Kiton pure blue V cone
Neptune blue BOX cone
Brilliant acid blue V
Cyanine B
Cyanine B
Cyanine B 544
Manu-
facturer.
Q..
By.
By.
By.
By.
tM.
G..
G..
By.
G..
B...
B...
GrE.
O...
M...
A...
A..
M..
M..
C...
M..
M..
M..
I...
B..
By.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
4,441
7
.....
'264
4,331
2
'2,'i25
10
'366'
52,498
4,275
1,874
14, 808
15
25
'1,162'
'9,' 926'
2,192
49, 136
400
Invoice
value.
$397
3,287
99,723
5,818
40,515
37,014
5,142
61, 334
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPnON IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 79
Taple 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Schnltz
No.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
545
Patent blue A . .
Pounds.
3,436
$7,118
M
I
Brilliant acid blue FF
By
546
20, 658
48,755
Cyanol FF
C
Cyanol F F
Q
Cyanol F F .
By
C.^
C
Q
C
S
Xylene cyanol F F extra
S
Xylene cyanol FF extra cone. .
s
M8
Acid violet 6BN . . ..
9,980
I
551
43, 191
132,298
G
I
G
Chrome fast pure blue BX cone
I
552
Chromal blue
996
Chromal blue GC
G
G
653
Erioehrome cyanine RC . . .
881
G
555
Aurine
666
Q
Aurine SIS
A
558
882
I
By
559
. 3,442
8,401
Q
Victoria blue B .
B...
I ... .
Victoria blue B base
I .. ..
Victoria blue B base .
B
Victoria blue B extra cone .
B
Victoria blue B highly cone
B
Victoria blue base
I
Victoria blue B
G
Victoria brilliant blue B
M
Victoria pure blue BO
B
560
Night blue
214
B
Night blue
M
Night blue
I
562
Fast acid blue
8,961
18,537
Fast acid blue B
By
Brilliant wool blue FFR extra
By.. .
Brilliant wool blue G extra
By.. ...
Acid blue RBF
I.^......
AcM blue RBF cone
I
Wool blue SR extra. . . . ..
By..
564
Naphthalene green
19,298
48, 825
Naphthalene green V
M. . .
S
Kiton fast green V cone
I
G
565
Acid blue B
537
1,099
Wool blue 3R
BD...
Wool blue 5B
A
566
Wool green S
3,503
Wool green S cone .
S....
Wool green S cone. . . . .
G...
568
Pyronine G
4
M
569
Acridine red
100
288
Acridine red 3B.
L...
Acridine red 3B
B
Acridine red B
L
571
Rhodamme 6G
13, 545
52,021
Rhodamlne6GDN
B... .
B
Rhodamme 6GDN extra .
Q...
Rhodamine 6GDN extra .
By..
RhodamineBGDN X
0 ..::
Rhodamine 6GDN cone
GrE....
80 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Schultz
No.
571
a72
573
574
579
580
581
587
592
593
596
597
602
603
606
607
608
609
Dye.
Rhodamine 60— Continued.
Rhodamine 6GDN extra
Rhodamine 6GDN extra
Rhodamine 6G DH cone
Rhodamine G
Rhodamine G extra:
Rhodamine G extra
Brilliant rose G
Rhodamine B
Rhodamine B base
Rhodamine B extra
Rhodamine B extra
Rhodamine B extra
Rhodamine B extra
Rhodamine B extra base
Rhodamine B extra base
Rhodamine B extra 500 per cent. . . .
Rhodamine B X
Rhodamine 3B
Rhodamine 3B cone
Xylene red
Xylene red B cone
Xylene red B cone. 400 per cent
Sulnho rhodamine BG
Fast acid violet B
Fast acid violet R
Violamine R
Fast acid magenta G
Eosine
Eosine A (free from salt)
Erythro'rae
Erythro^ine
Erythro5ine extra
Floxine P
Phloxine O
Ro^e Beneiale B
Acridine yellow
Acridine yellow R
Acridine yellow G
Acridine orange
Acridine orange
Acridine orange cone
Acridme orange GG
Acridine oranee NO
Acridine orange DHE powder
PhosTihine
Phosphine 3R
Phosphine G cone
Patent phospnine M cone
Patent phosphine G cone
Patent phosphine R cone
Patent phosphine R base
Patent phosphine GG
Patent phosphine GG 300 per cent. .
Patent phosphine GG cone
Patent pho=;phine 5G
Brilliant phosphine 5G cone, patent.
Brilliant phosphine 5G cone
Rrilliant phosphine 5G base
Phosphine GG cone
Phosphine 5G cone ,
Saba nhosnhine M cone
Cori phosphine OX
Cori phosphine OX extra
Cannelle ALX
Rheonine
Rheonine A cone
Rheonine AL cone
Euchrysine
Euehrysine 2RD
Enchrysine 3RX
Euchrysine RRDX
Euchrysine RRX
Euchrysine GRNTN
Euchrysine RRDX
Homophosphine
Diamond phosphine GG
Corioflavine G
Corioflavine GOOO
Manu-
facturer.
By.
M..
L..
I....
I....
L...
L...
DH.
Bv.
By.
B..
C...
GrE.
GrE.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
1,679
'5,"677
1,543
'5," 856
400
100
10
66
711
51,711
101
3,476
955
Invoicn
value.
$3,959
is,' 229
36,469
2,685
117,359
8.185
628
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 81
Table 15. —Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Schultz
No.
612
620
621
622
624
626
636
037
641
649
6.53
6.54
65S
659
660
663
667
66S
669
Dye.
Qiiinoline yellow spirit soluble
Quinoliiie yellow cone
Quinoline yellow soluble in spirit
Quiiioline yellow A soluble in spirit
Quinoline yellow cone
Qiiinoline yellow
Quinoline yellow KT extra cone
Quinoline yellow KT extra cone
Quinoline yellow N extra
Quinoline yeUow
Columbia yellow
Chloramine yellow GG
Diphenyl chlorine yellow FF supra 287.
Diamine fast yellow B
Thioflavine T
Thioflavine T
Thioflavine T
Thioflavine T
Thioflavine TCN
Capri blue GON
Cresyl blue
Cresyl blue 2RN
Cresyl blue 2BR
Brilliant cresyl blue 2B
Brilliant ■ resyl blue 2B
Delphine blue B
Brilliant delphine blue B
Brilliant delphine blue B S ,
Brilliant delphine blue BS cone
Brilliant delphine blue
Modern violet N
Modern violet N powder ,
Gallocyanine
Briliiant chrome bine P
Gallocyanine pa4e
Anthracyanine
Anthracyanine S powder
Anthracyanine S powder
Modern violet
Modern violet powder
Ultra violet MO
Prune
Prune pure S ,
Gallamine blue extra paste
Gallamine blue extra paste 900
Cclestine blue B
Coreine RR powder No. 65
Cotton blue
Meldola's blue 3R cone
Nile blue
Nile blue AX
Nile blue BX
Nile blue 2BX
Fast black
Gallophenine P
Gallophenine D
Gallophenine W
Methylene blue
Methylene blue
Methylene blue BG cone
Toluidine blue
Methylene preen
Methylene green G
Methylene green W 748
Methylene green extra yellow
Thionine blue
Thionine blue GO
Thionuie blue GO
Thionine blue GO old
Thionine blue GO old
Thionine blue GO cone
New methylene blue
New methylene blue N
Indochromine
Indochromiae T cone
Indochn mine T cone
Brilhant alizarin blue G powder
Flaviaduline O
Neutral violet D ,
Manu-
facturer.
S...
I...
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
10,653
Z
C...
DH.
DH.
DH.
S....
DH.
6,955
3,652
Invoice
value.
$17,473
12,723
4,041
6,765 16,502
52
104
330
3,874
3,503
29, 237
44
By.
Q--
s...
I...
By.
B..
M..
lU
1.500
6,069
2,746
2,060
1,249
306
19,370
423
9,339
'5,' 049
3,616
82 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Dye.
Azo carmine GX
Azo carmine GX
Azo carmine GX powder
Azo carmine B
Rosinduline 2B bluish
Neutral blue R
Safranine
Saffranine
PafFranine T extra cone
Saffranine O for spirit lake
New fast grey
Maltagrey B
Maltagrey J
Maltagrey J
Iris violet extra
Rosolane CTR
Methylene Heliotrope Extra Strong
Rosolane R Paste
Rosolane Extra strong
Rosolane
Rosolane paste
Rosolane paste
Rosolane O
Metaphenylene blue R
Diphene blue R
Nigrosine alcohol soluble
Induline NN
Induline NN
Fast blue RR
Nigrosine (soluble in water)
Nigrosine T
Indamine 6R
Acid cyanine B F
Indocyanine B
Pyrogene green 20 ■
Pryogene green 3G cone
Pyrogene green 3G
Pyrogene blue
Pyrogene direct blue RL cone
Pyrogene yellow
Pyrogene j^ellow O cone
Pyrogene indigo
Katigene green
Thional brilliant green GG cone
Thional brilliant green GG
Katigene green 2G
Pyrogene blue green B cone
Hydron blue (single strength )
Hydronblue G 30 per cent paste
Hydron blue R 30 per cent paste
Hydron blue G powder
Hydron blue G powd.er
Hydron blue R powder
Hydron blue G lOO^jer cent powder
Kryogene violet 3RX
Anthraflavone G paste, GC Paste, GC Pdr
Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength)
Indanthrene golden orange G paste
Indanthrene golden orange G double paste
Indanthrene golden orange G double paste fine. . .
Indanthrene golden orange G paste sand free
Indanthrene golden orange G powder
Helindone golden orange IG double paste
Indanthrene golden orange R
Indanthrene golden orange RRT paste
Indanthrene golden orange RRT paste sand free.
Indanthrene golden orange RRT paste fine
Helindone golden orange IRRT paste
Indanthrene golden orange RRT powder
Indanthrene golden orange 2R paste
Indanthrene golden orange 3 R paste
Indanthrene scarlet G S powder
Indanthrene dark blue BO paste
Helindone dark bine IBO paste
Indanthrene green B paste
Indanthrene blue green B double paste
Indanthrene green B double paste
Indanthrene green B double paste "fine"
HeHndone blue green IB double paste
Indanthrene violet R extra powder
Manu-
facturer.
S...
s...
By.
I...
C...
C...
Z.
Z.
B..
B..
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
9,327
3,555
110
34
1,775
275
2,714
500
'2,' 800
6,503
24,251
"§,"528
441
11,397
39,723
300
20,594
73,305
78, 145
2,200
20
2,676
249
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 83
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Indanthrene violet RR
Indanthrene violet RR extra P powder
Indanthrene violet RR extra paste
Indanthrene brilliant violet powder RRP. . .
Helindone violet RR extra paste
Indanthrene violet B
Indanthrene black BB double paste
Hehndone black IBB double paste
Alizarin black
Alizarin black S paste
Alizarin black S paste for cotton
Alizarin black B
Alizarin black WX extra S paste
Alizarin synthetic
Alizarin VI extra pure 20 per cent (for lake)
Alizarin VI extra pure 20 per cent
Alizarin bluish VI
Alizarin red 20 per cent paste
Alizarin bluish VI
Alizarin orange
AUzarin orange 20 per cent paste
Alizarin orange A 20 per cent paste
AUzarin orange R paste 20 per cent
Alizarin orange powder
Alizarin red
Alizarin red S powder
Alizarin red W powder
Alizarin red W powder
Alizarin red IWS powder
Alizarin red soluble powder
Alizarin red SWB powder
Alizarin brown
Anthracene brown RD paste 1040
Alizarin 6X, GD
Alizarin SX 20 per cent paste
Alizarin RG, GI
AUzarin red SDG 20 per cent
Anthracene blue WR
Anthracene blue WR double paste
Acid alizarin blue BB, GR
Anthracene blue SWGG extra powder
Anthracene blue SWR powder
Cibanone orange R
Cibanone orange R Pdr
Cibanone orange R paste 10 per cent pat
Cibanone green B paste 10 per cent pat
Cibanone olive B paste 10 per cent pat
Cibanone blue 3G
Cibanone blue 3G powder pat
Cibanone blue 3G paste 10 per cent pat
Cibanone blue 3G paste
Cibanone blue G powder pat
Cibanone black
Cibanone black B paste 10 per cent pat
Cibanone black B paste pat
Cibanone black 2B powder pat
Cibanone yellow R
Cibanone yellow R paste 10 per cent
Cibanone yeUow R paste 10 per cent pat
Cibanone "yellow R powder
Cibanone yellow R powder pat
Alizarin garnet
AUzarin claret R paste
Alizarin maroon W
AUzarin maroon 20 per cent
AUzarin cyanine G
Alizarin cyanine G G powder
Anthracene blue
Anthracene blue WB paste
Anthracene blue WG paste
Alizarin blue S
AUzarin blue S powder
Alizarin blue S powder
Alizarin blue SB powder
Alizarin blue SR powder
AUzarin blue S extra paste
B....
B....
B....
BAG.
B....
BAC.
B....
By...
M....
B....
M....
BAC.
B....
B..
By!
B..
^.:
B..
By.
Pounds.
7,248
$3,544
54,768
7,343
4,564
27,086
7,812
15,523
7,276
25,872
26,439
4,596
'7,' 795'
6,500
'52.' 364'
1,672
'23,'i36'
20, 571
15,587
19. 188
1,543
16, 367
3,248
'8,'776
310
'266'
6,377
22,' 995'
32,916
32,331
84
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Dye.
Alizarin green S paste
Alizarin green S paste
Alizarin green CE
Alizarin green V paste
Alizarin green 15 per cent paste
Helindone yellow 3GN sifigle strength
Helindone yellow 3GN powder
Algol yellow 3G
Algol yellow 3G paste
Algol red 5G single strength
Algol red 5G powder
Algol red 5G paste
Algol yellow R (single strength)
Algol yellow R powder
Indra yellow GK paste
Algol red R. FF (single strength)
Algol red FF extra paste
Algol red R extra paste
Algol red R extra powder
Algol brilliant red 2B paste
Algol brilliant red 2B powder
Algol brilliant violet R
Algol brilliant violet R paste
Algol brilliant violet R powder
Algol brilliant violet 2B (single strength)
Algol brilliant violet 2B powder
Algol brilliant violet 2B paste
Algol brilliant orange FR (single strength). ..
Algol brilliant orange FR powder
Algol violet B paste
Algol orange R (single strength)
A Igol orange R powder
Algol orange R paste
Algol red B
Algol red B paste
A Igol red B powder
Indanthrene claret B extra (single strength)..
Indanthrene claret B extra paste
Indanthrene red R (single strength)
Indanthrene red R paste
Indanthrene red BN (single strength)
Indanthrene red BN extra paste
Indanthrene red BN extra paste SF
Indanthrene red BN extra paste fine
Indanthrene red BN extra powder
Indanthrene violet RN
Indanthrene violet RN extra paste fine. .
Algol olive R (single strength)
Algol olive R powder
Algol grey (single strength)
Aleol grey B powder
Indanthrene blue RS (single strength)
Indanthrene blue RSP triple powder
Indanthrene blue RS powder
Indanthrene blue RSP powder
Indanthrene blue RS double paste
Indanthrene blue RS double paste
Indanthrene blue RS triple for paper
Algol blue K (single strength)
Algol blue K powder
Algol blue K paste
Indanthrene blue 3G (single strength)
Indanthrene blue 3G paste
Indanthrene blue 3G powder
Indmthrene blue 3GP powder
Indanthrene blue 3G double paste
Indanthrene blue 3G paste fine
Indanthrene blue GGS (single strength)
Indanthrene blue GGSP paste
ladanthrene blue GGSP double paste
Indanthrene GGSNP quintriple powder.
Indanthrene blue GCD (single strength)
Indanthrene blue GCD double paste
Indanthrene blue GCD double paste
Indanthrene blue GCD double paste fine.
Indanthrene blue GCD powder
Indanthrene blue GCD powder
Indanthrene blue CC paste
Indanthrene blue GC powder
Manu-
facturer.
By...
BAG.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
B..
By!
By.
By.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
10, 281
280
5,000
'i,'i34'
1,721
14,825
8,241
6,358
1,888
""'99'
2,730
13,422
"5,' 446'
27,383
1,000
1,464
""'i23
'39,"999'
528
24,992
2,830
16,802
5,620
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 85
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Schultz
No.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
844
847
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
858
859
861
862
863
864
Algol blue 3G (single strength)
Algol blue 3G powder
Algol blue 3G paste
Algol blue 3G
Algol green B (single strength)
Algol green B powder
In dan throne grey BP (single strength)
Anthra grevB double paste
Indanthrene yellow (single strength)
Indanthrene yellow GP powder
Indanthrene yellow G powder
Indanthrene yellow GN extra paste
Indanthrene yellow G paste
Indanthrene yellow GN extra powder
Indanthrene yellow G double paste fine . .
Vat yellow R paste
Helindone yellow IG
Helindone yellow IG double paste
Indanthrene blue WB
Indanthrene blue WB powder
Indanthrene blue WBO powder
AUzarin direct blue B
Alizarin irisol DR
Alizarin irisol R powder
AUzarin direct violet R
Anthraquinone violet powder
Alizarin \iridine DG, FF
AU7,arin \'iridine FF paste
Alizarin pure blue
Alizarin sky blue
Alizarin sky blue B powder
AUzarin sky blue B cone
AUzarin astrol
Alizarin astrol B powder
AUzarin saphirol B
Alizarin saphirol WSA powder
AUzarin saphirol WSA
AUzarin saphirol WSA
Alizarin saphirol WSA cone
AUzarin saphirol B powder
AUzarin saphirol B cone
AUzarin saphirol B
AUzarin saphirol SE powder
AUzarin saphirol SE cone
AUzarin saphirol SE cone. 75 per cent
AUzarin saphirol SE
AUzarin sapliirol WS powder
Alizarin blue WS
AUzarin blue WSA
Alizarin light blue B
AUzarin light blue SE cone
HeUo fast blue SL cone
Cyananthrol R
Cyananthrol RXO powder
Cyananthrol RXO
Cyananthrol G
Cyananthrol BGAOO
Cyananthrol BGAOO, 90 per cent
Cyananthrol BGAOO powder
Cyananthrol 3G powder
Cyananthrol BGA powder
Cvananthrol BGA
Cyananthrol BG AC
Cyananthrol 3G
Anthraouinone blue SR
Anthrac|uinone blue SR extra powder
AUzarin blue black
Alizarin bine black B powder
Alizarin bine black B powder
Alizarin blue black BT powder
Alizarin blue black B
Alizarin blue black B
Alizarin blue black 3B
Alizarin blue black 3B powder
Anthraquinone bine green
Anthraquinone blue green BXO
Anthraquinone blue green BXO powder.
Anthraquinone green GXNO
Anthraquinone green GXNO
Anthraquinone green GXNO
Anthraquinone GXNO powder
By.
By.
By.
By.
B."
By.
M..
B..
By.
By.
By.
By.
1^:
II:
By.
By.
S..
By.
By.
Bv.
s.".
s..
By.
By.
M..
B..
By.
Q.-
By.
By.
Pounds.
5,315
20
$5,322
3,261
500
2,655
1,233
25, 910
8,155
46,596
949
20.648
22,277
1,611
728
55,614
149, 256
61,200
25,536
86
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Alizarin direct green G
Alizarin cyanine green G extra powder. .
Alizarin cyanine green G extra
Alizarin cyanine green G extra
Alizarin cyanine green G extra paste —
Alizarin cyanine green E powder
Alizarin cyanine green 3G powder
Alizarin cyanine green E powder
Alizarin cyanine green 3G extra powder.
Alizarin cyanine green G E
Alizarin direct green G
Indanthrene brown (single strength)
Indanthrene brown B double paste
Anthra brown B double paste fine
Cibanone brown V paste
Cibanone brown B powder
Cibanone brown B paste 10 per cent
Cibanone brown V powder pat
Algol brown B (single strength)
Algol brown R paste
Algol brown R powder
Algol corinth R (single strength)
Algol corinth R powder
Algol corinth R paste
Helindone brown AN (single strength)
Helindone brown AN paste
Indigo, synthetic
Indigo LL powder
Indigo solution BASF 20 per cent
Indigo R powder
Indigo pure
Indigo pure BASF/RBN powder
Indigo MLB/2B paste
Indigo MLB/4B powder
Ciba blu e 2B (single strength)
Cibablue 2BD paste 16 per cent pat
Ciba blue 2BD paste 16 per cent
Ciba blue 2BD paste pat
Ciba blue2B powder
Ciba blue 2B powder pat
Ciba blue G (single strength)
Ciba blue G powder
Ciba blue G powder pat
Indigo KG (single strength)
Indigo 6B powder
Brilliant indigo BD paste
Brilliant indigo B paste
Brilliant indigo G paste
Brilliant indigo 4G
Brilliant indigo 4G powder
Brilliant indigo 4G paste
Ciba yellow G
Ciba yellow G 10 per cent paste pat
Ciba yellow G 10 per cent paste
Ciba green
Ciba green G paste 10 per cent pat
HeUndone green O
Helindone green G paste
Helindone green G extra paste
Helindone green G powder
Alizarin indigo G
Alizarin indigo G paste
Alizarin indigo B
Alizarin indigo B paste
Alizarin indigo green B paste
Alizarin indigo 3R
Alizarin indigo 3R paste
Alizarin indigo 3R powder
Ciba grey
Ciba grey G paste
Ciba violet B (single strength)
Ciba violet R powder pat
Ciba violet B powder pat
Ciba violet R paste 10 per cent pat
Ciba violet B paste 10 per cent
Helindone brown 211 (single strength)
Helindone brown 2R powder
Helindone brown 2R powder
Helindone brown 2R paste
ly-
Q..
By.
By.
Q-.
By.
By.
M..
gy-
By.
§y-
By.
BAC.
B....
M....
By.
Sy-
By.
By.
By.
Pounds.
11,669
11,860
3,717
16,778
2,526
25
505
205,582
15,149
3,711
4,541
1,000
431
5,844
658
5,099
1,259
4,305
220
131,661
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 87
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
Schiiltz
No.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
904
906
907
910
911
913
914
915
917
918
919
920
922
923
Helindone brown G (single strength)
Helindone brown G powder
Helindone brown G powder
HeUndone brown G paste
Helindone brown CR paste
Thio indigo brown G paste
Thio indigo scarlet G (single strength)
Cibared G powder
Ciba red G powder pat
Ciba red G paste
Ciba scarlet (single strength)
Ciba scarlet G extra paste 20 per cent pat .
Ciba scarlet G extra paste
Ciba scarlet G extra powder
Thio indigo scarlet 2G
Thio indigo scarlet 2G paste 17 per cent . .
Thio indigo scarlet 2G paste 20 per cent . .
Helindone fast scarlet C paste
Ciba red R paste
Ciba red R powder
Ciba red R paste 20 per cent pat
Ciba red R paste 20 per cent
Ciba red R paste 10 per cent pat
HeUndone pink (single strength)
Helindone pink BN paste
Helindone rose AN paste
Helindone pink AN extra
Helindone pink AN
Helindone pink BN
HeUndone pink AN extra
Thio indigo pink AN paste
Thio indigo rose BN extra paste
Thio indigo pink BN paste
Ciba orange G paste 10 per cent pat
HeUndone orange R (single strength)
Helindone orange R powder
HeUndone orange R paste
HeUndone orange D paste
Helindone fast scarlet R paste
HeUndone red B paste
HeUndone red 3B (single strength)
Helindone red 3B paste
Indanthrene red violet RH paste
Helindone red 3B powder
Thio indigo red 3B paste
Ciba bordeaux B (single strength)
Ciba bordeaux B powder pat
Ciba bordeaux B paste
Helidone violet (single strength)
Helindone violet R paste
HeUndone violet B paste
Helindone violet R powder
Diphenyl black base
Ursol
Ursol A
Ursol 4R
Ursol grey G
Ursol grey B
Ursol grey ALA
Ursol D F
Fur gray ALA
Fuscamine G
M..
M..
By.
K..
Pounds.
4,016
3,178
7,733
55, 202
25, 188
17,695
48,633
58, 319
110
9,240
33,621
1,707
200
1,105
25T
2,929 .
1,651
32,819 54,138
3,787
2,116
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES.
Dye.
Acid alizarin gray G :
Acid ponceau E 640
Acid pure blue R supra 614
Acid rhodamine
Acid rhodamine R
.' cid rhodamine R cone
Acid rhodamine BG
Acid rho iamine 3R cone
Acid violet 4RNOO
Alizarin cyanol
Alizarin cyanole SB
Alizarin cyanole SR
Alizarin delphinol BS
Alizarin direct violet ER
Alizarin emeraldole G powder
Alizarin rubinoi
Alizarin rubinol GW
Alizarin rubinol R
Alizarin rubinol R powder
Alizarin rubinol 5G powder
Alizarin rubinol 3G powder
Alizarin rubinol R cone. 40-100
Alizarin rubinol GW powder
Alizarin rubinol B powder
Alizarin rubinol
Alizarin rubinol GW powder 100 per cent .
Alizarin rubinol G W
Alizarin rubinol powder 3G
Alizarin rubinol R
Alizarin rubinol R
Alizarin rubinol GW
Alizarin uranole '-'B powder
Alkali fa'^t green .3 Q
Alphanol brown B
Anthcs'nr-
Anthc'sine 5B
Anthf^sinpSB
Azo acid black B
Azo rhodine 2GN cone
Biebrich acid violet 7B
BlucBSJ
Brilliant milling blue
Brilliant milling blue 41424
Brilliant milling blue B
Brilliant pure yellow 6G extra
Cloth fa^t green
Cloth fast green G cone
Cloth fast green B cone
Cloth fast orange
Cloth fast orange R cone
Cloth fast orange R cone, pat
Cloth fast orange G cone
Cloth fast red
Cloth fast red GR
Cloth fast red GR cone
Cloth fast red 3B cone
Cloth fast violet
Cloth fast violet R cone
Cloth fast violet R cone, pat
Cloth fast violet B cone
Cloth fast yellow
Cloth fast yellow G cone
Cyanine green'G extra powder
Erio carmine 2BC 512
Erio fast cyanine SE 676
Erio fast fiichsine BBL649
Erio fast yellow R cone. 593
Erio rubihe 2B cone. 646
Erio violet BC 505
Fast acid marine blue
Fast acid marine blue HBB JC
Fast acid marine blue HBBX
Fast acid purple A
Fast red GL base ^
Manu-
facturer.
C...
C...
BD.
B...
By..
Q--
By.
By.
By.
By.
Q--
Q..
I':-
By.
B..
Q--
By.
Bv.
c:..
B...
B...
M...
I....
K...
GrE.
K..
C.
By.
I...
Bv.
G..
G..
G..
G..
G..
G..
B...
Q...
BD.
GrE.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
7,555
685
5,130
13, 275
300
130
1,200
120
536
26,457
577
613
100
2,504
400
441
100
503
R72
2,J35
3,5:;6
991
1,542
220
1,499
3,109
440
2,999
no
699
2,500
1,040
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 89
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES— Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Fast wool blue BL 50: 100 cone
Guinea fast red B L
Kiton blue A cone
Kiton fast red
Kiton fast red R cone
Kiton fast red R
Kiton fast yellow
Kiton fast yellow R cone
Kiton fast yellow 3G cone ,
Kiton red
Kiton red G . cone
Kiton red S
Kiton yellow
Kiton yellow S ,
Kiton yellow S cone
Marine blue patent LE
Naphthalene black ABP ,
Naphthalene bine black P
Naphthazineblue JEF
Palatine light yellow
Palatine light vellow RX
Palatine light yellow BX ,
Palatine light yeUow
Polar maroon VC 680
Polar orange
Polar orange R cone. 599
Polar orange RC 599 ,
Polar red
Polar red R cone. 597
Polar red G . cone. 596
Polar red RS cone. 606
Polar red red shade
Polar red B cone. 603
Polar red blue shade
Polar yellow 2G cone. 602
Rosinduline GXF
Scarlet RR ,
Soluble pure blue
Sulphon cyanine OR extra
Supramine black BR
Supramine brown
Supramine brown R
Supramine brown R
Supramine red 2G
Supramine yellow
Supramine yellow R
Supramine yellow R
Supramine yellow R
Supramine yellow R
Victoria navy blue B
Violet B paste 10 per cent patent . .
Wool black
Wool black N
Wool black N
Wool fast blue
Wool fast blue BL
Wool fast blue GL
Wool fast blue BQ
Wool fast blue B L double cone
Wonifa<;t, blueBL
Wool fast yellow 3G
By.
A..
I...
G..
G..
G..
G..
G..
G..
G..
K..
S...
c
By.
By.
By.
B..
By.
By
K..
B..
O..
M..
Q..
By.
By.
I':
B..
Poundf.
9 '6
200
1,323
1,212
46,753
5,402
],.320
50
50
250
618
7,312
1,329
14,926
2,998
1,604
500
451
1
249
252
6
1,307
271
1,3?3
200
10,568
52805—23 1
90
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSIOlSr.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED VAT COLORS.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Algol brown (single strength)
Algol brown G powder
Algol brown G powder
Algol red extra paste
Cibanone dark blue BS paste 20 per cent
Ciba pink
Ciba pink B paste 10 per cent
Ciba pink B paste 20 per cent patent
Ciba rose (single strength)
Ciba rose B G powder
Ciba rose BG paste 20 per cent patent
Ciba rose BG pa4e 10 percent patent....
Ciba rose B G powder patent
Helindone black JBB double paste
HeUndone blue 3G powder X 10
Helindone blue gi een DIB double paste
Helindone golden orange DIu double paste .
Helindone pink
Helindone pink R extra paste
Helindone pink B extra oaste
Helindone pink A A paste
Helindone pink R extra paste
Helindone B extra paste
Helindone pink R paste
Helindone red DIBN extra paste
Helindone violet
Helindone violet DIRR extra paste
Helindone violet IR extra paste
Helindone yellow ,
Helindone yellow AGG paste
Helindone yellow DAGC paste
Helindone yellow DIG double paste
Hydron bordeaux ,
Hydron Bordeaux R ,
Hydron Bordeaux B paste ,
Hydron Bordeaux B. ,
Hydron Bordeaux R double paste -
Hydron Bordeaux B double paste
Hydron Bordeaux R paste
Hydron brown
Hydron brown G naste
Hydron brown OG
Hydron brown OB ,
Hydron brown R paste
Hydron brown G paste
Hydron brown G
Hydron brown R
Hydron dark blue fsingle strength) ,
Hydron dark b'ue G powder X- .5
Hydron dark blue GG paste 30 per cent.
Hydron green
Hydron green B
Hydron green G paste
Hydron green G double paste
Hydron navy blue
Hydron navy blue C paste 30 per cent. .
Hydron navy blue C
Hydron olive (single strength)
Hydron olive <j 110 per cent
Hydron olive GN
Hydron olive G powder
Hydron olKe R
Hydron orange
Hydron orange R paste
Hydron orange R
Hydron orange R paste
Hydron pink
Hydron pink FF paste
Hydron pink FB paste
Hydron pink FB
Hydron pink FF
Hydron ?iink FF
Hydron sf arlet
Hydron scarlet BB oaste
Hydron s?arlet BBB paste
Hydron scarlet BB
Hydron scarlet 3B paste
Q-.
I...
Pounds.
3,344
110
651
5,509
200
3,310
40
40
40, 668
$39, 796
260
374-
356
754
801
105
320
226
160
636
191
1,035
20,250
30,271
6,733
8,977
DYES IMPOETED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 91
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED VAT COLORS— Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Hydron violet (single strength)
Hydron violet B powder
Hydron violet R powder
Hydron yellow (single strength)
Hydron yellow N F paste
Hydron yellow NF
HeUndone yellow 3RN powder
Indanthrene blue BCD
Indanthrene blue BCD single paste
Indanthrene blue BCD double paste fine
Indanthrene blue BOS powder (single strength).
Indanthrene blue DRS
Indanthrene blue DRS double paste
Indanthrene blue DGCD double paste
Indanthrene blue RZ
Inlanthrene blue RZ double paste
Inlanthrene blue RZ 20 per cent paste
Indanthrene brown 3R
Indanthrene golden orange
Indanthrene golden orange 3R paste
Indanthrene golden orange 3R paste fine
Indanthrene golden orange RN extra paste. .
Indanthrene violet
Indanthrene violet BN extra paste
Indanthrene violet BN extra paste
Indanthrene violet FRN paste
Indanthiene violet BN extra paste fine
In lanthrene violet BN extra
Indanthrene red violet
Indanthrene red \ iolet r. RN paste
Indanthrene red violet K RN powder
Indanthrene pink
Indanthrene pink B
Indanthrene pink B S
Thio inligo pink
Thio indigo rose R N extra paste
Thio indigo pink RN extra paste
Thio indigo scarlet 2B paste 20 per cent
Vat brown CM solution
Vat heliotrope
Vat heliotrope R double paste
Vat heliotrope R double paste fine
Vat pink
Vat pink B
Vat pink R
Vat pink R extra paste.
Vat red BB solution. . .
Vat yellow CG solution.
Pounds .
195
2, 064 «2, 240
239, 085
80
2,251
474
3,504
11,690
18,680
9,l71
6,977
4,908
42, 233
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYE.S.
Acid chrome blue 2R
Alizarin blue:
AUzarin blue TR
Ahzarin blue 6B
Alizarin direct blue
AUzarin fast gray
Alizarin fast gray 2BL powder
Ali/.arin fast gray 2BL powder
Alizarin green soluble 15 oer cent paste
Ali?arin geranole B powder
Alizarin in ligo blue O paste
Ahzarin fast blue
Alizarin fast blue BHG
Alijarin RW powder
Anthracene blue 3GG extra
Anthracene chromate bla-'k LC
Anthracene chromate brown
Anthracene chromate brown EB
Anthracene chromate brown EB extra
Anthracene chromate brown EB
Anthracene chromate brown ED
Anthracene chromate brown KB 90 per cent.
Anthracene chrom;iti brown EE
Anthra cyanine brown RL
Anthra cyanine green 3CiL
By.
K..
M..
Q....
Bv...
BAC.
By...
M....
By.
C...
C...
C.
L...
C.
By.
By.
750
635
2, 202
110
4 0
50
498
20
600
12, .326
92
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES— Continued.
Dye.
Anthrazurine G
Brilliant alizarin green A
Chromanetine blue S powder
Chromate brown G cone
Chromazurine
Chromazurine P powder
Chromazurine E powder
Chromazurine G powder
Chromazurine G
Chromazurine G powder
Chrome brilliant blue G 1039
Chrome fast brown
Chrome fast brown TV cone
Chrome fast brown TV
Chrome fast violet B cone
Chrome printine red G powder
Chrome yellow CR 1037
Chromorhoduline
Chromorhoduline 6GN powder
Chromorhoduline BN powder
Chromorhoduline 6GN extra
Chromoxane blue R
Chromoxane brilliant blue
Chromoxane brilliant blue
Chromoxane brilliant blue G
Eriof hrome black
Erio"hroDie black
Eriochrome black E 965
Eriochrome blue S 955
Eriochrome bordeaux B 916
Eriochrome brown ROS 933
Eriochrome flavine A cone. 1015
Eriochrome geranol R cone. 991
Eriochrome green 0.931
Eriochrome red
Eriochrome red G 978
Eriochrome red PEI 1035
Eriochrome violet
Eriochrome violet B 918
Eriochrome violet 3B 941
Eriochrome yellow 6U 914
Fast chrome green
Fast chrome green B powder
Fast chrome green B powder
Fast mordant blue B
Lanasol blue
Lanasol blue B
Lanasol blue B patent
Lana=ol bro' n 2R type patent :
Lanasol orange
Lanasol orange G cone, patent
Lanasol orange 2R cone, patent
l^eather black BC
Metachrome blue black 2BX
Motachrome olive 2G
Metachrome olive brovn
Metachrome olive brown G powder.
Metachrome olive brown G powder.
Metachrome olive brown G paste. ..
Modern black N powder
Modern grey
Modern grey CVX powder
Modern grey RC powder
Monochrom e brov n
Monochrome brown E 286 per cent..
Monochrome bro'vn E 100 per cent..
Monochrome brown BX
Mounsey olive bro ■ n G powder
J.'aphthachrome azurine
Napht hachrome azurine B
Naphthaohrome azurine B cone
Manu-
facturer.
K....
RHS.
DH..
I
DH.
DH.
DH.
I....
I....
G...
I....
I....
I....
DH.
G...
DH.
DH.
DH.
By..
By.
By.
DH.
Q..
M...
A...
Q...
A...
DH.
DH.
DH.
K..
K..
Q..
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
MO
10
441
198
4,589
3?2
4,300
1,2"6
100
110
440
1
2,256
5,366
2,500
1,168
17,,5.'i5
12, 293
1,106
1,109
5,714
7,997
1,109
440
1, 151
10,006
772
2,645
64
3,251
610
5,070
110
220
4,362
500
2, 535
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 93
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES— Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Omega chrome brown
Omega chrome brown G cone...
Omega chrome brown PB cone.
Omega chrome brown P cone. . .
Omega chrome red B cone
Omega chrome brown PB
Naphto chrome violet
Naphto chrome violet R cone. . .
Naphto chrome violet R
Omega chrome red B cone
Pure blue for printing
Salicine Bordeaux RF
Salicine orange 2R
Salicine red G
tlltramarine green in balls
Pounds.
8,570
1,001
2,205
300
400
85
220
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES.
Aminogene blue RN cone
Benzo Bordeaux 6B
Benzo bronze E
Benzo elirome black blue B .'
Benzo chrome brown
Benzo chrome brown G
Benzo chrome brown 5G
Benzo copper blue 2B
Benzo dark brown extra
Benzo fast black
Benzo fast black L
Benzo fast black L
Benzo fast blue
Benzo fast blue EFL
Benzo fast blue G
Benzo fast blue L
Benzo fast bordeaux
Benzo fast Bordeaux 6BL
Benzo fast Bordeaux 6BL
Benzo fast brown
Benzo fast brown GL
Benzo fast brown 3GL
Benzo fast brown 3GL 90 per cent
Benzo fast brown RL
Benzo fast grey
Benzo fast heliotrope
Benzo fast heliotrope BL
Benzo fast heliotrope 2RL
Benzo fast heliotrope 4BL
Brilliant benzo fast violet B
Brilliant benzo fast violet B
Brilliant benzo violet B
Brilliant benzo fast violet BL cone. 50 per cent.
Brilliant benzo fast violet BL
Brilliant benzo fast violet 2R
Brilhant benzo fast violet 2RL
Benzo fast orange 2RL
Benzo fast rubine BL
Benzo light blue 4G L
Benzo light Bordeaux 6BL
Benzo light brown
Benzo light brown GL
Benzo light brown 2GL
Benzo light brown 3G L
Benzo light grey BL
Benzo light yellow RL
Benzo red 12B
Benzo rhoduline red
Benzo rhoduline red B
Benzo rhoiluline red 3B
Brilliant benzo green B
Brilliant benzo violet
Bri!liant benzo violet 2R
Brilliant benzo violet B
I...
Bv.
By.
By.
Q..
Bv-
By.
Q..
By.
By.
Bv.
By.
Bv.
Q..
By.
By.
Sy-
By.
By.
By.
K..
Q..
By.
By.
K..
By.
Bv.
BV.
§y-
By.
By.
gy-
By.
gy-
By.
By.
gy-
By.
By.
gy-
By.
220
415
110
513
3,197
1,391
1,100
2,989
1,771
2,765
'3," 547'
220
12,407
769
209
275
53
1,342
441
8, 053
2,702
1,561
965
94
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15.— Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued.
/
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Dye.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Brilliant copper blue GW
A
M
Pounds.
100
1
3,862
Brilliant dianil green G
Brilliant fast blue
$11, 250
Brilliant fast blue B
By
Brilliant fast blue 3BX
By
Brilliant fast blue 2G, 60 per cent
By
Brilliant fast blue 2G
By. ....
Brilliant fast blue 2G
Q..:....
Brilliant fast blue 2G
L
Brilliant indigo 4B powder
Q
2
7,490
5,104
4,914
Brilliant sky blue 8G extra
Chirago red III
Chloramine brilKant red
13, 273
Gill iramine brillian t red 8B
S
Chlnramine brilliant red 8B
I
Chloramine brilliant red SB cone
s
Chloramine brilliant red 8BI cone
s
Chloramine brown G
P:::;::
262
1,322
12,898
Chlorantine fast black B cone
Chlorantine fast blue
Chlirantine fast blue 2GL cone
I
7,827
24,479
Chlirantinefast Bordeaux BL cone
I
I
Chlorantine fast Bordeaux 2BL
I
7,715
11,607
Chlirantine fast brown RL
I
C'llorantine fast brown 3GL
I
I
I :
Chlorantine fast brown 3GL cone, pat
Chlorantine fast orange TRL
I
I
1
11,022
Chlorantine fast red . ^
I
Chi irantine fast red 7BL cone
I
4,299
Chlorantine fast ruhine RL
I .
Chlorantine fast violet
I........
18, 188
47,520
I ..
Chlorantine fast ^ iilet BL cone ...
I ... .
I
Chlorantine fast ^i^let 4BL cone ...
I
I
Chlorantine fast violet 4BL cone, .pat
I
I
Chlorantine fast vi ^l^t 2RL pat
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL c mc. pat
Chlorantine fa^'t yellow
I
I
9,808
21, 821
C'll )rantine fast yell iw 4GL cone
C'll rantine fast ypUow RL
I..
I . . ..
Chi irantine fast yellow RL cone
T
Chi irazol fast blaik N ■
BD
BD
BD
A
DH
.50
500
300
1,000
110
75
Chi oraz 1 fast red K
Chloraz A vi ilet R
Chromonurpiirine JJ powder
184
CittinpinkGN
B
CittonpinkBN
B
Cotton pink B extra
B
Cupranil brown
2,975
C'lpranil brown G cone
I . ..
Cunranil brown R cone
I
Cuteh brown RR cone
S
C
C
C
C
2,901
1,500
363
1,005
4,152
9,418
Diamine azo Bordeaux B
Diamine azo orange 2R
Diamine brilliant rubine S .
Diamine brilliant scarlet S.. . . ....
15,253
Diamine cateehine GR cone
C
C
Diamine catechine G .
c
c
Diamine catechine G 160 per cent
c
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 95
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Diamine dark blue B
Diamine fast black
Diamine fast black X
Diamine fast black XN
Diamine fast blue
Diamine fast blue FFB
Diamine fast blue GC
Diamine fast Bordeaux 6BS
Diamine fast brown
Diamine fast brown R
Diamine fast brown G
Diamine fast brown GB
Diamine fast brown 3G
Diamine fast orange
Diamine fast orange ER
Diamine fast orange ER
Diamine fast orange ER
Diamine fast orange EG
Diamine fast rose BBF
Diamine heli trope G
Diamine orange
Diamine orange B
Diamine orange F
Diamine orange G
Diaminogene sky blue
Diaminogene sky blue 3B
Diaminogene sky blue N
Dianil brown
Dianil brown 3G0
Dianil chrome brown G
Dianil fast blue G L
Dianil fast grey BBL
Diazamine blue
Diaiamine blue BR cone
Diazamine blue BR
Diazanil pink B
Diazanil scarlet 4B A
Diazo blue B
Diazo Bordeaux
Diazo Bordeaux
Diazo Bordeaux 7B
Diazo brilliant green
Diazo brilliant green 3G
Diazo brilliant green 3G
Diazo brilliant orange
Diazo brilliant orange GR extra
Diazo brilliant orange 5G extra
Diazo brilliant orange G
Diazo brilliant red B
Diazo brilliant scarlet
Diazo brilliant scarlet B
Diazo brilliant scarlet B extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet P4B
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL extra cone.
Diazo brilliant scarlet G extra ,
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet SBL extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet GB extra ,
Diazo brilliant scarley 6B extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet 6B extra
Diazo brown
Diazo brown 3G
Diazo brown NR
Diazo brown 3RB
Diazo fast bordeaux BL
Diazo fast green BL
Diazo fast ^ iolet ,
Diazo fast \ iolet BL ,
Diazo fast violet 3RL
Diazo fast yellow
Diazo fast yellow 2G
Diazo fast yellow G
Diazo^cne orange
Diazopen" orange GR extra ,
Diazo^ene orange GR
Q..
I':
c.
c.
c.
By.
By.
K..
By.
Q-.
By.
By.
By-
II:
Q--
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
Pounds.
57
4,000
1,219
3,187
8,719
112
441
1,323
2,924
1,150
1
1
11,378
110
1,000
1,380
2,451
859
"734'
1,100
10,913
1,744
538
22
815
129
125
96
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imporls of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Dye.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Diazogene red B
K
By
By
PouTids.
300
143
220
841
Diazo geranine B extra
Diazonine blue B
Diazo indigo blue
$1 422
Diazo iadiijo blue 4GL extra
By
Diazo indigo blue 4GL extra
Q ..:.:.
Diazo indigo blue M
By
Diazo light green BL
By
By
198
126
6,172
Diazo light \iolet BL
Diazo phenyl blaclf
Diazo phenyl black V 360
G
Diazo phenyl black 360
G
Diazo rubine B
By
2, 358
14, 067
Diazo sky blue
17 854
Diazo sky blue B
By
Diazo sky blue B
Q.
Diazo sky blue B
K
Diazo sky blue B powder
By
Diazo sky blue 3G
Bv
Diazo violet R
G
84
2,500
1,609
610
Diphenyl dark green BC 235
Diphenyl fast blue FB supra 379
Diphenyl fast gray BC 254
G
Y
DirectblueRB
L
I
L
L
L
L
L
I
L
I
10
794
50
10
225
10
25
500
25
1,102
5,129
Direct chrome brown B
Direct fast red 8BL
Direct fast violet B .
DirectredSB
Direct safranine RW cone
Fast cotton red 4BS extra
Naphthamine blue
K
Naphthamine blue JE 52.5 per cent
K
550
Naphthamine fast black KSG extra
K
K
Naphthamine fast blue B pat
K
K
250
220
630
Naphthamine fast brown BL
Naphthamine fast green
k
Naphthamine fast green G
K
K
K
325
50
375
Naphthamine fast violet FB
724
Naphtharrine light blue R
K
K
Naphthamine light blue FF
K..
K
Naphthamine liuht blue 2B
K
1,125
Naphthanine light brown D . .
k... .
K
Naphthamine light green G
K
K
125
100
750
Naphthamine light red
K
Naphthamine light red 6B
K
K
625
8,709
Naphthogene blue
14, 126
Naphthogene blue B
A
Naphthogene blue 2R
A
A
Naphthogene indigo blue B
A
B
25
3,000
600
Oxamine afid brown G
Oxamine black
Oxan ine bla'^k BBNX
B
OxaiTine black RX
B
B
1
217
Oxamine fast pink
B
Oxamine fast pink BX cone
B
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 97
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued.
Dye.
Manu-
facturer.
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Invoice
value.
Oxamine light blue G
Oxamine light brown G
Oxy dia !.ino;-ene ED
Para blue 2RX
Para brown V extra
Pluto black
Pluto black A extra
Pluto black A
Pluto black G
Pluto brown
Pluto brown GG
Pluto brown 2G
Pluto brown R
Polyphenvl blue
Polvphenvl blue GC103
Polyphenyl blue GNH cone. 376
Polyphenyl yellow RC 115
Pyran ine oran'je R
Pyrazol fast brown
Pyrazol fast brown B
Pyra'ol fast brown D
Rosarithrene
Rosanthrene R
Rosanthrene R cone, pat
Rosanthrene GWL extra
Rosanthrene RN cone, pat
Rosanthrene BN cone
Rosanthrene RN cone
Rosanthrene B cone, pat
Rosanthrene B cone
Rosanthrene Bordeaux
Rosanthrene Bordeaux B cone, pat
Rosantherne Bordeaux B cone
Rosanthrene fast red 7B L
Rosanthrene fast red 7B L cone
Rosanthrene fast Bordeaux
Rosanthrene fast Bordeaux 2BL cone
Rosanthrene fast Bordeaux BN pat. cone.
Rosanthrene fast Bordeaux RN pat. cone.
Rosanthrene fast Bordeaux
Rosanthrene oran?e
Rosanthrene oran.ce R cone, pat
Rosanthrene orange R cone
Rosanthrene orange R pat
Rosanthrene rose
Rosanthrene rose
Rosanthrene rose cone, pat
Solairine blue FF
Thiazine brown
Thiazine red RXX
Triazol oranee G cone
Trisulphon bronze B cone
Zambesi black
Zambesi black D
Zambesi black F
Zambesi black V
B..
B..
C...
By.
By.
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
Pounds.
110
oOO
200
10
100
1,084
2,696
2,402
1,797
220
3,553
7.823
5, 179
1,431
1,118
500
122
10
2,822
2,002
3, 000
1897
1,622
26, {
19,674
4,22t
1,625
UNIDENTIFIED SULPHUR DYES.
Cross dye green
Cross dye green B
Cross dye green 2G cone
Eclipse brown
Eclipse brown 3G K 366
Eclipse brown 3G K .366
Eclipse brown BK 371
Eclipse brown B K 371 | Y
Eclipse brown B K 371 \ G
Immedial brilliant green G extra 300 per cent ' C.
Immedial direct blue B i C
Immedial indigene GCL cone i C
Immedial \'iolet C I C
BD.
BD.
27,834
35,991
2
551
200
600
$26,321
16,689
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED SULPHUR DYES— Continued.
Dye.
Katigene kaki G extra
Katigene brilliant green 3G '.
Pyrogene brown RS yellow shade cone. ,
Pyrogens cutch 2R extra cone
Pyrogene cutch brown 2R extra
Pyrogene violet brown X cone
Pyrogene yellow brown RS cone
Sulphur green
Sulphur green B
Sulphur green 2G cone
Thiogene brown GR
Thiogene new blue
Thiogene new blue 2RL
Thiogene new blue 2RL cone
Thiogene new blue 2 i; L extra cone .
Thionone black 6R
Thional biilUant blue
Thlonal briUiant blue 6B cone ,
Thional brilUant blue 6B cone
Thional brilliant green
Thional brilliant green GG cone
Thional green GG
Thional brown ,
Thionol brown Q
Thionol brown GD ,
Thionol brown R
Thionol green DY ,
Thionol orange G
Thionol yellow
Thionol yellow 3RD
Thionol yellow GR
Thionone IsabeUina
Manu-
facturer.
I...
I...
I...
I...
BD.
BD.
M...
M....
M....
M....
RHS.
BD.
BD.
BD.
BD.
S....
BD.
BD.
Q..
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
551
441
1,243
551
1,146
1,102
2, 756
24, 872
7,560
1,136
100
3,757
3,647
'48 "756'
3,890
..2,121
26,682
100
UNIDENTIFIED BASIC DYES.
Acridine fast blue FFB
Blue brilliant pure 8G extra
Brilliant rhoduline blue
Brilliant rhoduhne blue R
Brilliant rhoduhne blue R
Brilliant rhoduhne red B
Brilliant violet R paste 1:8
Cresyl fast violet
Cresyl fast violet BB
Isamine "blue
Isamine blue 8B .•
Isamine blue R
Isamine blue R
Janus black G .'
Methylene green I A
New ethyl blueBS
Rhodam'ine
Rhodamine 6 GH. cone
Rhodamine 6GH
Rhodamine 6G H extra
Rhoduline sky blue 3G
Saffranine T. S. extra highly cone.
SoUd Bordeaux BL
Thionine blue gold
Thionine green GG
Violet
Violet PDH powder
Violet PDN powder
CI.
By.
By.
Q..
By.
By.
I...
I...
I...
By.
B..
By.
M..
DH.
DH.
550
152
2,991
295
624
26
1
4
120
2,822
697
1
763
50
2,650
550
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTIOlSr IN UNITED STATES, 1922. 99
Table 15. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1922 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED SPIRIT-SOLUBLE AND COLOR-LAKE DYES.
Dye.
Autol orange 23211 powder
Black base S
Hansa green O Pdr : . . .
. Hansa rubine G
Helio Bordeaux
Helio Bordeaux BL powder
Helio Bordeaux BL paste
Helio Bordeaux B L paste 1 :5 By.
Helio fast violet AL By.
Indigene blue RW cone I...
Lithol fast orange I
Lithol fast orange R powder B . .
Manu-
facturer.
By-
Lithol fast orange B powder .
Lithol fast yellow GG extra lumps.
Lithol rubine 3B powder
Oil red B powder
Oil yeUow
Oil yellow R
Oil yellow R powder
Parme soluble in spirit
Spirit orange S
Typophor black FB
Typophor yellow FR
Imports.
Quan-
tity.
Pounds.
1
15
100
25
5,600
740
110
1,400
500
20
25
60
Invoice
value.
UNIDENTIFIED, UNCLASSIFIED, SPECIAL DYES.
All other aniline dyes
Artificial silk black G cone. 50-100.
Bron7e blue for laundry
Ink blue
InkblueBITN
Ink blue special
Ink blue special
Gallo indigo blue S
Japan black
Japan black extra
Japan black extra
Japan black MBG
Neolan blue
Neolan blue B cone
Neolan blue G cone
Neolan green B cone
Neolan grey B cone
Neolan red" B
Neolan violet R
Neolan yellow
Neolan yellow G cone
Neolan yellow R cone
New claret RX
Nlgrogene B
Paper fast Bordeaux B
Primal black
Radio yellow R
Radio red G
Radio brovsrn
Radio brown B
Radio brown S
Radio black
Radio black SB
Radio black ST
Rapid fast brovim B powder
Rapid fast blue B powder
Rapid fast orange KG paste
Rapid fast red
Rapid fast red B paste
Rapid fast red BB paste
Rapid fast red G L paste
Rapid fast red GE paste
Rapid fast red GZ paste
Washmarine
GrE.
I....
0...
By..
I...
I...
B..
B..
By.
A..
C.
C.
C...
C...
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
220
400
6,105
399
851
330
no
110
220
220
440
150
200
3,063
1,000
20
20
40
100
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Index to Table 15.
Dye.
Schultz
No.
Page.
Dye.
Schultz
No.
Page.
Aceto purpurine SB
35S
159
76
75
88
76
79
75
91
82
78
75
75
88
88
88
88
88
78
78
78
79
88
78
80
98
79
80
75
85
81
84
84
84
84
PC
86
86
85
84
84
84
90
84
84
84
84
84
84
91
83
85
85
83
83
83
83
83
91
83
83
85
85
85
85
75
83
83
86
86
88
88
85
91
86
85
88
88
91
91
91
91
Alizarin g^een CE, V
808
808
89 1
893
895
84
Acid alizarin black R
84
Acid alizarin gray G
Alizarin indigo B
86
Acid antliracene red 5BL
400
582
212
Alizarin indigo G
86
Acid blue RBF
Alizarin indigo 3R. .
86
Acid brown RN
Alizarin indigo blue G
91
Acid chrome blue 2R
Alizarin indigo green B
891
852
85«
858
798
779
779
780
780
785
780
780
86
Acid c vanine B F
705
524
265
293
Alizarin irisol B
85
Acid magfinta
Alizarin light blue RE
85
Acid in'Hin<; black B
Alizarin light blue B
85
Acid milling red G
83
Acid ponceau E
83
Acid pure blue R
Alizarin orange A, R
83
Acid rhodamine BG
Alizarin red IWS
83
Acid rhodamine R
Alizarin red S
83
Acid rhodamine 3R
Alizarin red SDG
83
Acid violet 4BN
527
527
527
518
Alizarin red S WB
83
Acid violet 4BNS
83
Acid violet N
Alizarin rubinol 3G, 5G
88
Acid vi-^let 6BN
Alizarin rubinol G W
83
Acid violet 4RNOO
Alizarin rubinol R, B
88
Acid violet 7B (B)
534
603
Alizarin saphirol B
858
858
858
855
855
85
8.5
Acridine fast blue FFB
Alizarin saphirol VYS, WSA
85
Acridine red B, 3B
5fi9
602
217
844
839
822
819
821
820
85
85
Agalma black lOB
88
Algol blue 3G
854
536
85
Algol blue K
Alkali blue 3R
78
Algol brilliant orange FR
Alkali fast green 3G
88
Algol brilliant red 2B
Alphanol brown B
88
Algol brilliant violet 2B
Aminoirene blue RN
93
Algol brilliant violet R
Anthoiine 3B
88
Algol brown G
Antho^ine 5B
88
Alsjol brown R
869
870
847
833
824
825
Anthra brown B
867
80
Algol corinth R
Anthra azurine G
f2
Algol green B... . .
Anthracene blue W B
800
800
83
Algol olive R. . . ...
Anthracene blue WG
83
Algol orange R. . . . .
Anthracene blue 3GG
91
Aleol red B
Anthracene blue WR
789
790
790
782
83
Algol red extra
Anthracene blue S W R
83
Algol red FF
819
816
819
823
811
817
Anthracene blue SWGG
\nthracene brown RD
83
Algol red 5G
83
Also) red R
Anthracene chro'nate black LC.
91
Algol violet B
Anthracene chromate brown
EB, ED, EE
Aleol yellow 3G
91
Anthracyanine brown RL
91
Alizarin R W
Anthracyanine green 3GL . .
91
784
856
856
774
774
778
• 774
804
Anthracyanine S
627
91
759
759
848
861
863
864
864
853
493
493
493
493
494
555
81
Alizarin astrol
Anthracyl chrome green
Anthra lavoneG
74
Alizarin astrol B
82
Anthraiiavone GC
82
Alizarin black S
Anthra gre v B
85
Alizarin synthetic
Anthra uinoneblueSR
Anthra uinoje blue green BXO
Antha uinone GXN 0
85
Alizarin black WX ....
85
Alizarin blue S
85
Alizarin blue TR,6B
Anthra uinone green GXNO —
85
804
804
858
862
862
862
260
797
799
S65
865
85
77
Alizarin blue WS; WSA
77
77
Alizarin blue black BT
77
Alizarin blue black 3B.
77
Alizarin chrome green A.. .
Aurine yiS
79
Alizarin claret R
Autol orange
99
Autolred BL
56
106
74
Alizarin cyanine green E,GE. ..
Autol red RLP
74
88
63
672
141
147
74
Alizarin delphinol BS
Azo carmine GX
82
Alizarin direct blue B
851
Azo flavine
75
Alizarin direct blue.
Azo fucshinc S
75
865
852
88
Benzo Bordeaux 6B
93
93
Bcnzo chrome black blue B
93
Alizarin fast gray 2BL.
Benzo chrome brown G
f3
Alizarin fast blue BHG.
Benzo chrome brown 5G
83
?3
Alizarin green soluble
Benzo dark brown
98
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922.
Index to Table 15 — Continued.
101
Dye.
Benzo fast black L
Benzofast blue FFl, G, L
Benzo fast blue B
Benzo fast blue 2GL
Benzo fast blue 4GL
Benzofast Bordeaux 6BJ^
Benzofast bro^vn GL, 3GL
Benzo fast brown RL
Benzo fast £;rey
Benzo fast hdiotrope BL
Benzo fast heliotrope 413L
Benzo fast heliotrope 2RL
Benzo fast orange 2RL
Benzo fast rubine 2RL
Benzo fast rubine BL
Benzo fast red
Benzo fast rei 8BL
Benzo fast yeUow 4GL
Benzo fast yellow RL
Benzo light blue 40 L
Beijzo light Bordeaux 6BL
Benzo light brown GL
Benzo light grey BL
Benzo light yellow RL
Benzo orange R
Benzo oUve
Benzopurpurine 4B
Benzo red 12B
Benzo rho luline red B
Benzo rho luline red 3B
Benzo violet
Benzo violet O
Benzyl green B
Biebrich aci 1 violet 7B
Black base S
Blue BSt
Blue briUiant pureSG
Brilliant acid blue FF
Brilliant aci 1 blue V
Brillian t alizarin blue G
Brilliant aUzirin green A
Brilliant azurine 50
BriUiant benzo fast \iolet B, BL.
Brilliant benzo fast violet 2R,
2riL
Brilliant ben/.o irreen B
Brilliant benzo violet B
Brilliant benzo violet 2R
Brilliant chrome blue P
Brilliant congo R
Brilliant copper blue G W
Brilliant cresyl blue 2B
Brilliant croceine OF
Brilliant delpliine blue B
Brilliant delpbine blue BS
Brilliant dianil green G
Brilliant fast blue B
Brilliant fast blue 2G
Brilliant fast blue 3BX
Brilliant green
Brilliant indigo 4B powder
Brilliant indigo B
Brilliant indigo G
Brilliant indigo 40
Brilliant milling blue B
Brilliant milling blue
Brilliant phosphine 5G
Brilliant pure yellow 6G
Brilliant rose G
Brilliant rhoduline blue R
Brilliant rhoduline red B
Brilliant sky blue 8G
Brilliant suiphon red
Brilliant suiphon red B
Brilliant suiphon red lOB
Brilliant violet R paste
Brilliant wool blue
Bron'.e blue for laundry
Cannelle ALX
Schultz
No.
456
456
456
332
332
296
296
340
446
363
326
326
503
545
543
667
416
62fi
370
621
227
622
622
499
885
886
887
606
'572
182
182
182
562
'606
Page.
86
Dye.
Capri blue GON
Carbi le fast black OF
Chicago red III
Chloramine blue BXR
Chloramine blue 30
Chloramine brown G
Chloramine briUiant red 8B.
Chloramine fast red F
Chloramine red B
Chloramine red 3B
Chloramine red 8BS, 8B
Chloramine sky blue A
Chloramine yellow GO
Chlorantine fast black B
Chlorantine fast blue RL
Chlorantine fast Bordeaux 2BL.
Chlorantine fast brown 30L. ..
Chlorantine fast brown RL
Chlorantine fast orange TRL. .
Chlorantine fast red 7BL
Chlorantine fast rubine RL —
Chlorantine fast violet B L
Chlorantine fast violet 4B L
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL
Chlorantine fast yellow 4GL...
Chlorantine fast yellow RL
Chlorazol fast black N
Chloraiol fast red K
Chlora/ol violet R
Cloth fast green G.B....
Cloth fast orange R, G
Cloth fast red B, R
Cloth fast red O, R, 3B
Cloth fast violet R, B
Cloth fast yellow G
Chromacetin blue S
Chromal blue (^.C (for printing)
Chromate brown G cone
Chromanil black B F
Chromazurine O, E, P
Chrome briUiant blue G
Chrome brown R VV
Chrome fast pure blue BX
Chrome fast brown TV
Chrome fast \ iolet B
Chrome printing red G
Chrome yeUow CR
f^hrome yellow DF powder —
Chromocitronine R, V
Chromopurpurine J J
Chromorhoduline BN
Chromorhoduliue 6GN
Chroraotrope 2R
Chromotrope 2 B
Chromoxane blue R
Chromoxane brilliant blue
Chrysamine K
Chrvsophenine
CibablueBB
Cibablue2BD
CibablueG
Ciba Bordeaux B
Ciba gray G
Ciba green G
Ciba orange G
Ciba pink B
Ciba red G •
Ciba red R ■
Ciba rose BG
Ciba scarlet O
Ciba violetB
Ciba violet R
Ciba yellow 0
Cibanone black B,2B
Cibanoneblue3G, O
Cibanone brown B
Cibanone brown V
Cibanone dark blue
Schultz
No.
620
462
386
471
343
319
319
358
426
617
484
158
551
177
140
342
304
881
881
882
919
899
891
911
906
908
907
901
901
890
794
793
868
868
102
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION.
Index to Table 15 — Continued.
Dye.
Cibanone green B
Cibanone oli\ e B
Cibanone orange R ,
Cibanone yellow R
Columbia black FF
Congo orange G
Congo orange R
Coreine RR
Corioflavine GOOO
Coriphosphine OX
Cotton pink B, BN, GN..
Cotton scarlet
Cresyl fast violet 2B
Cresyl blue 2BS 2RN
Cross dye green B
Cross dye green 2G
Crystal violet
Cupranil brown G
Cupranil brown R
Cutch brown RR
Cyanine B
Cyanine green G
Cyananthrol BGA, BGAC
Cyanantliroi BGAOO
Cyanantiirol 3G
Cyananthrol RXO
Cyanole extra
Cyanole FF
Delta purpuxine 3B, 5B
Diamine azo orange RR . . .
Diamine brilliant scarlet S
Diamine brilliant rubine S
Diamine bronze G
Diamine bronze R
Diamine brown B
Diamine brown 3G
Diamine catechine B
Diamine catcliine G
Diamine catchine 3G
Diamine catchine GR
Diamine dark blue B
Damine fast black X, XN..
Diiamine fast blue CG
Diamine fast blue FFB
I^iamine fast Bordeaux 6BS
Diamine fast brown G, 3G..
Di: mine fast brown GB
Diamine fast brown R
Diamine fast orange EG
Diamine fast orange ER
Diamine fast red 8BL
Diamine fast rose BBF
Diamine fa -;t yellow B
Diamine gray G
Diamine heliotrope G
Diamine orange B, F, G
Diamine scarlet B
Diamine scarlet 3B
Diamine sky blue FF
Diamine yellow N
Diiminogene e^tra
Diaminogene blue N A
Diiminogene blue NB
Di\minogeno sky blue N, 3B
Diamond green 3 G
Diamond green SS
Diamond pho^phine GG
Dianil brown 3GO
Dimil chrome brown G
Dianil fast b'ue GL
Dianil fast gray BBL
Diazine black G
Diazamine blue BR
Diaz mil pink B
DiizTuil scarlet 4BA
Di 1 zo blue B
Diazo Bordeaux 7B
Diazo brilli mt black B
Diazo brilliant green 3G
Schultz
No.
792
792
792
795
436
315
373
641
609
606
621
544
860
860
860
869
546
546
366
319
319
424
404
274
273
273
276
276
609
364
Dye.
Schultz
No.
Diazo brilliant orange GR
Diazo brilliant orange 5G
Diazo brilliant red B
Diazo brilliant scarlet G
Diazo brilliant scarlet B
Diazo brilliant scarlet 6B
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL
Diazo brilliant scarlet S4B
Diazo brown 3G
Diazo brown 3RB
Diazo brown NR
Diazo fast Bordeaux BL
Diazo fast green BL
Diazo fast violet B L
Diazo fast violet 3RL
Diazo fast yellow G
Diazo fast yellow 2G
Diazo geranine B
Diazo indigo blue 4GL, M
Diazo indigo blue 2RL
Diazo light green BL
Diazo light violet BL
Diazo plienyl black V
Diazo rubine B ".
Diazo violet R
Diazo sky blue B
Diazo sky blue 3G
Diazogene orange GR
Diazogene red B
Diphene blue R
Diphciiyl black base
Diphenyl catechine G
Diphenyl chlorine yellow FF. .
Diphenyl dark green BC
Diphenyl brown
Diphenyl chlorine yellow FF
supra
Diphenyl fast blue FB
Diphenyl fast brown GF
Diphenyl fast brown GNC
Diphcnvl last grey BC
Direct blue 8B
Direct catechine GR ,
Direct chrome brrwn B ,
Direct clear blue FF
Direct dark brown M
Direct deep black EW
Direct fast red .«BL
Direct fast violet B
Direct fast scarlet SE
Direct gray R
Direct red 8B
Direct safranine RW
Eclipse brown BK
Eclipse brown 3GK
Eosamine B
Eosine A
Erica B
EricaBN
Erio carmine 2BC
Erio chrome azurol BX
Erio chrome black A, E
Eriochrome black
Eriochrrme bordeaux
Eriochrome geranol R
Eriochrome yell' iw 6G
Eriochrrme black T
Erio chrome blue S955
Eriochrome blue black BC
Erio chrc me blue black G
Erio chrnme brnwn ROS 933. . .
Erir c rtime cyanine RC
Erio chrome flavine A cone
Erio chrome green
Erio clirome phosphine R
Erio clirome pho phine RR. . . .
Erio chrdme red B, G
Erio chrome red PET, G97S
Erio chrome verdon
274
690
922
206
18
617
207
207
344
462
279
354
100
587
121
121
551
184
183
180
180
553
133
133
29
260
DYES IMPORTED FOR CON^SUMPTIOlSr IF UNITED STATES, 1922.
Index to Table 15 — Continued.
103
Dye.
Erio chrome violet B
Erie chrome violet 3B
Eriocyanine A
Eriocyanine AC
Erio fast cyaninc SE
Erio fast fuchsine BEL
Erio fast yellow R
Erio flavihe SX
Erio floxine 2G
Eriogalucine
Erioglauciiie EP
Erioglaucine AC, AP
Erio green B supra
Erio rubine 2B
Erio violet BC
Erythrosine
Ethyl violet
Euchrysine GRNTN
Euchrysine RRX
Euchrysine RRDX
Euchrysine 2RD
Euchrysine 3RX
Fast acid blue B
Fast acid magenta G
Fast acid marine blue HBBX .
Fast acid purple A
Fast acid red
Fast acid violet R
Fast chrome green B
Fast cotton red 4BS
Fast green bluish extra
Fast light green
Fa^t light yellow G, 2G
Fast light yellow 3G
Fast mordant blue B
Fa^t mordant yellow G
Fast red GL
Fast sulphon violet 5BS
Fa^t wo 1 blue BL
Floxine P
Flavindulnie O
Fur gray A LA
Fuscamine G
Gallamine blue
Gallocyaninc
Gallo indigo blue S
Galliphenine P, D, W
Guinea fast red BL
Guinea violet
Hausa green G
Hansa rubine G
Haiisa yellow G
Hansa yellow 5G
Helindone black IBB
Helindone black JBB
Helindone blue green IB
Hehndone blue 3G
Helindone blue green
Helindone brown AN
Helindone brown CR
Helindone brown G
Helindone brown 2R
Helindone dark blue I BO
Helindone fast scarlet R
Helindone green G
Helindone golden orange IG,
DIG
Helindone orange D
Helindone orange R
Helindone pink AA, B, R
Helindone pink AN
Heliadonc pink BN
Helindone red B
Helindone red DIBN
Helindone red 3B
Helindone violet B, R
Schultz
No.
531
531
19
42
506
506
506
564
592
518
608
60S
608
608
603
562
581
67
580
523
523
19
19
294
182
593
668
923
923
637
626
658
28
2S
768
873
904
904
902
763
915
892
760
914
913
910
910
917
918
920
Dye.
HeUndone violet IR, DIRR....
Helindone yellow 3GN
Hehndone yellow AGG,D1G,
DAGC
HeUndone yellow IG
Helindone yeUow 3RN
Hclio bordeaux BL
HeUo fast blue
Helio fast violet AL
Hydron blue G
Hydron blue R
Ilvdron Bordeaux B, R
Hydron brown, G, OG, OB, R.
Hydron dark blue G, GG
Hydron green B , G
Hydron navy bhie C
Hvdron oUve R
Hydron olive fl, GN
Hydron orange R
Hydron pink FB, FF
Hydron scarlet 2B, 3B
Hydron \'iolet, B, R
Hydron yellow N F
Immedial brilliant green G
Immedial indigene GCL
Immedial violet C
Immedial direct blue B
Imperial scarlet 3B
Indamine 6R
Indanthrene black B B . . »
Indanthrene blue BCD
Indanthrene blue BCS
Indanthrene blue GC
Indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GGS
Indanthrene blue GGSNP
Indanthrene blue GGSP
Indanthrene blue 3G
Indanthrene blue 3GP
Indanthrene blue RS
Indanthrene blue RSP
Indanthrene blue WB
Indanthrene blue WBO
Indanthrene blue DRS, DGCD
Indanthrene blue RZ
Indanthrene blue green B
Indanthrene brilUant violet
RRP
Indanthrene brown B
Indanthrene brown 3R
Indanthrene claret B
Indanthrene golden orange G. . .
Indanthrene golden orange 2R. .
In ianthreno golden orange Rl>.
Indanthrene golden orange RRT
Indanthrene golden orange 3R. .
Indanthrene pink B
Indanthrene pink BS
Indanthrene red BN
Indanthrene red R
Indanthrene red violet RRN . . .
Indanthrene red violet R tl
Indanthrene scarlet GS
Indanthrene violet BB
Indanthrene violet BN, FRN. .
In ianthrene violet R
Indanthrene violet RN
Indanthrene violet RR
Indanthrene yellow G
Indanthrene yellow GN
Indanthrene yellow GP
Indigene blue R\V
Indigene blue FBW
Indigo synthetic
Indigo LL
Indigo 6 B
Schultz
No.
810
'849'
748
748
247
705
768
843
842
841
841
811
840
840
838
838
850
850
767
867
827
760
761
761
761
831
830
918
762
768
766
832
767
849
849
849
874
874
883
104
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Index to Table :?5— Continued.
Dye.
Schultz
No.
IndisioR
Indis^o pure
Indoehro'nine T
Indocyanine B
Indra yellow G K
Ink blue BITN
Iris violet extra
Isamino blue R, 8B
Janus black
.lanus blue B
.1 anus green G
Janus red B
Janu"? yellow G
Ja'^mine
Japan black MBG
Katigene kaki G extra. ......
Katigene brilliant green 3G. .
Katigene green 2 G
Kiton blue A
Kiton fast green V
Kiton fast red R
Kiton fast vi'^lot 10 B
Kiton fa'^t yellow R
Kiton fast yellow 3 G
Kiton pure blue V
Kiton red G
Kiton red S
Kiton yellow S
Kryogene virilet 3RX
Lanacvl blue marine B
Lanasol brown 2R
Lanas'^1 orange G
Lanasol orange 2R
Leather black BC .......
Light green vcllowish SFXX...
Lithol fast orange R
Litholfast yell w2G
Lithol rubihe 3B
Malachite green
Martins vell^w
Malta gravB, T......
Marine blue Pat. LE
Meldola's blue 3 R cone... . ;;^. .
Metachrome blue black 2 BX. .
Metachmme olive 2G . .
Metachrome i^live brown G
Meth vl alkali blue
Methyl I>von« blue
Methyl silk blue NOW
Methyl vi'^let 5R
Methyl yi'^letNFB....
Methyl violet B , 2B , fiB
MethVl yi'^let 6B extra
Methylene blue
Methylene bine BG -
Methylene green extra yellow..
Methylene green G
Methylene green W
Methylene green I A
Methylene heliotrope
Micado bmwn
Milling yellow O, 3G . . . -
Mimosa Z
Modern black N
Modern grey, CVX, RC
Mortem yiolet
Modern violet N
Monochrome brown E
Mounsev "live brown G
Naphth'achrnme azurine B... -
Naphthalene black APB
Naphthalene blue black P
Naphthalene green V
Naphthalene yellow
Naphthamine bhie GE1<
Naphthamine blue 3R
Naphthamine blue ,TE . . .
Naphthamine fast black KbG
Naphthamine fast blue B
879
880
667
70.'i
817
120
121
240
222
140
746
564
528
543
754
187
505
495
6
681
649
535
537
537
515
515
515
517
6,59
659
660
660
660
687
11
177
198
635
624
564
338
338
Dye.
Schultz
No.
Page.
S6 N aphthamine fast brown B L . . .
86 Naphthamine fast green Y, G. .
81 Naphthamine fast gray B
82 Naphthamine fast violet FB . . . .
»i Naphthamine light blue B, 4B,
99 R, FF
82 Naphthamine light brown D,2G
98 Naphthamine light green G.....
98 Naphthamine light orange I^ . .
74 Naphthamine light red R, 6B . .
74 Naphthamine light violet 2B . . .
75 Naphthamine violet BE
75 Naphthamine yellow BN
74 Naphthazineblue lEF
99 Naphthogene blue B
98 Naphthogene blue 2R
98 Naphthogene blue 4R
9.2 Naphthogene indieo blue B
89 Naphthvlamine black 6B
79 Naphthylamine brown
80 Naphthylamine black
78 Naphtochrome violet R
89 Neolan blue B. G
89 Neolan green B
78 Neolan gray B
8*^ Neolan red B
go Neolan violet R
go Neolan yellow G, R
82 Neptune blue BGX
75 Neptune green SGX •
92 New claret RX
92 New ethyl blue BS
92 New magenta C
92 New methylene blue N
77 Night blue
go Night blue
99 New Victoria blue B
99 Neutral blue R
77 Neutral violet D - - - •
74 Nigrosine (s luble in water) . . .
82 Nigrosine alcohol soluble
89 Nigrogene B
81 Nile blue AX, BX
92 Nilcblue2BX
92 Nitrosamine red
92 Oil yellow R
78 Oil fed B ---•
78 Omega chrome brown PG
78 Omega chrome brown PB ,
78 Omega chrome red B
78 Orange RO
78 Orange 2RL..
78 Orange TI extra cone
81 Orange TV --
81 Oxamine acid brown G........
81 Oxamine black BB NX, KX...
81 Oxamine brilliant violet RX. .
81 Oxamine fast pink BX
98 Oxamine light blue G
82 Oxamine light brown R
74 Oaxmine red 3BX
75 Oxy diaminogene ED
75 Palatine black v; :<^' "li V
92 Palatine light yellow RX, Ba
o2 Palatine chrome brown R X . .
81 Paper fast Bordeaux B
81 Para blue 2RK
92 Para brown V extra
92 Parm6 -soluble in spirit
92 Patent blue A, AS
89 Patent bhie V
80 Patent marine blue LE
79 Patent phosphine G
74 Patent phosphine 5G
76 Patent phosphine GG
76 Patent phosphine R
96 Patent phosphine M
96 Peri wool blue B, G
96 ' Phloxine O
326
9
266
160
217
5<3
503
130
512
663
560
5?1
5.58
676
669
700
698
653
654
56
1.51
38
145
139
3-46
220
154
515
513
5'3
606
606
606
606
606
87
596
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
96
76
74
89
98
96
96
96
75
75
75
93
99
99
99
99
99
90
78
77
99
74
78
81
79
78-
79
82
81
82
82
99
81
81
74
99
99
93
93
93
75
74
75
74
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1922.
Index to Table 15 — Continued.
105
Dye.
Phosphine G,2G
Phosphine 5G
Phopphine 3R
Pluto black, G A
Pluto brown 2G, R
Polar maroon VC
Polar orange R, RC
Polar yellow 2G
Polar red G, R, RS, B
Polyphenyl blue GC, GNH....
Polypheny] yellow RC
Prune pure
Pure blue
Pure blue fir printing
Pyramine orange 3G
Pyramine orange RR
Pyramine orange R
Pyrazol orange G
Pyrazol fa'^t brown D, B
Pyrogene blue green B
Pyrogene brown R8 (yellow
sliade)
Pyrogene cutch 2R
Pyrogene cutch brown 2R
Pyrogene direct blue RL
Pyrogene green 2G
Pyroeene green 3G
Pyrogene indigo
Pyrogene violet brown X
Pyrogene yellow brown RS
Pyroxene yellow O ,
Pyronine G extra
Ouin line yellow spirit soluble..
Ouinrline yellow KT
Ouinrline yellow N
Ouin' line yell'>w
Radio yellow R
Radio fed G
Radio brown B, S
Radio black SB, ST
Rapid fa-^t brown B
Rapid fa<;t blue B
Rapid fa=t red B,BB, GL.
Rapid fast orange
Resorcine brown F
Rheonine A
Rheonine AL
Rhodamine B,BX
Rhodamine 3B
Rhodamine G
Rhodamine 6GDH
Rhodamine 6GDN
Rhodamine fiGH
Rhoduline sky blue 3G
Rosanthrene B, BN
Rosanthrene R, RH, GWL
Rosanthrene R ordeaux B
Rosanthrene fast red 7BL
Rosanthrene fast Bordeaux BN,
2BL
Rosanthrene orange R
Rosanthrene rose
Rose hengale B
Rosinduline 2B
Rosinduline GXF
Rosolane
Ro.solane O
Rosolane OTR
SafranineT, O
Salicine Bordeaux RF
Salicine orange 2R
Salicine red G
Scarlet RR
Setocyanine 396
Setogiaucine
Setopaline
Silk Dlue extra cone
Silk blue BT 5BOO
Schultz
No.
606
606
606
636
539
306
314
360
392
726
709
709
73.5
73 <
568
612
613
613
613
211
607
607
573
574
572
571
571
597
673
688
687
687
679
500
496
500
539
539
Dye.
Silk blue IV
Solamineblue FF
Solid Bordeaux
SohiblebluelN, T
Sorbine red X, BB
Soluble pure blue
Spirit orange S
Suplhonazurine D
Sulphoneyanine OR
Sulphoncyanine black
Sulpho rhodamine BG
Sulphur green B, 2G
Supramine balck BR
Supramine brown R
Supramine red 2G
Supramine yellow R
Tetra cyanole
Tetra cyanole V
Tetra cyanole A
Thia ine brown
Thia ine red RXX
ThioflavineT
Thioflavine TCN
Th iogene brown G R
Thiogenenew blue 2RL...
Thio indigo pink An, BN..
Thio indigo red 3B
Thio indigo rose RN
Thio indigo rose, BN
Thio indigo scarlet 2B
Thio indigo scarlet 2G
Thional brilliant blue 6B . .
Thional brilliant green 2G .
Thionineblue GO
Thionine blue gold
Thionine green GG
Thionol brown GD
Thionol brown B, Q
Thionol orange
Thionol green DY
Thinol yellow GR
Thinol yellow 3RD
Thionone black PR
Thionone Isabellina
Toluidine blue
Toluylene fast orange GL..
Toluylene red
Triazol orange G
Trisulphon bronze B
Trisulphon brown B
Trisulphon brown MB
Trisulphon brown GG
Trisulphon violet B
Turquoise blue G
Typhan blue
Typan red
Typophor black FB, FR. .
I'itra orange R
Ultra violet MO
Ursol
Ursol A
Ursol DF
UrsoHR
Ursol gray G, B, ALA
Ursol gray R
Vat pink R
Vat pink B
Vat yellow R
Vat brown CM
Vat heliotrope R
Vat red 2B
Vat yellow CG
Victroia black B
Victoria blue B
Victoria blue R
Victoria blue 4R.
Victoria brilliant blue B. . .
Schultz
No.
537
539
64
265
579
543
543
545
618
618
910
918
906
746
661
659
392
358
449
449
457
322
498
391
359
58
635
923
923
923
923
923
923
262
559
558
522
559
52805—23-
-8
106
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Index to Table 15 — Continued.
Dye.
Schultz
No.
Page.
Dye.
Schultz
No.
Page.
Victoria navy blue B
89
79
80
89
98
78
99
78
75
89
79
79
79
Wool fast blue BL, BO. . .
89
VictoriapureWueBO
559
580
Wool fast blue GL
89
Violamine R
Wool fast yellow 3G . .
89
Violet B
Wool ereen S .
566
507
546
564
22
22
579
79
Violet PDH
Xylene blue VS. . .
77
Violet R
514
Xylene cyanol FF
79
WasVimarine
Xylene fast CTeen B
79
Water bine . .
539
220
Xylene fast li^ht yellow 2G
Xylene fast li^ht yellow R
X vlene red B
74
Wool blank ORF
74
Wool black N
80
Wool bl tie 5B
565
5P2
565
Zambesi black D, F, V
97
Wool blue SR
Zambesi pure blue 4B
274
75
Wool blue 3R
PART IV.
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS,
NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1922.
107
Part IV.
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS OTHER THAN
THOSE OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1922.
Introduction.
The United States Tariff Commission published for the first time
m 1921 a census of the production of synthetic organic chemicals
other than those of coal-tar origin. The commission has again in
1922 compiled such a census showing the quantity of production,
the amount, and value of the sales in all cases where the figures could
be published without disclosing the operations of the individual pro-
ducer.
The products included in this census comprise synthetic organic
compounds derived from sources other than coal tar. They do not
include aliphatic compounds derived from natural sources oy isola-
tion, distillation, extraction, hydrolysis, or purification, as for example
alkaloids, constituents of essential oils, sugars, and acids, such as
stearic and tartaric. Nor does the census include cyanides, cyana-
mides, or carbides of metals or inorganic radicals. Statistics of
items which are obtainable from other sources are in most cases
excluded.
The Bureau of the Census gives in its reports statistics of the
more important noncoal-tar organic compounds. The Tariff Com-
mission has not attempted to collect statistics on these commodities
for 1922, except in a few instances where the importance of the
industry or other conditions warranted. A summary table of the
1914, 1919, and 1921 production of organic chemicals as determined
by the Bureau of the Census is incorporated in this report.
The production of synthetic organic chemicals other than those
derived from coal tar, in 1922, was 79,202,155 pounds compared with
21,545,186 pounds in 1921. The sales in 1922 amounted to 60,494,-
494 pounds, valued at $11,964,074. In this production are included
1,097 pounds of research chemicals, and in the sales are included 376
pounds, valued at $5,855, or $15.51 per pound.
Developments in the Industry.
The establishment of the synthetic organic chemical industry was
a direct result of the war. Previous to the World War, chemicals
of this class were imported almost entirely from Germany. The
United States produced a few of those used in large quantities.
After the outbreak of the war the acute shortage of synthetic organic
chemicals for the perfume, flavor, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical
trade in general created for a time a serious situation. The American
manufacturers of these products deserve high credit for the rapid
growth of the industry, tlie variety of products, and the continuous
improvement in the quality of the products,
109
110 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
SYNTHETIC AROMATIC CHEMICALS.
The synthetic aromatic chemical industry, which is a source of
supply of raw materials for the flavoring and perfumery industries,
appears to be in a healthy condition since the resumption of general
business activity. The constant aim of manufacturers is to make
the best quality of products possible. The manufacturing perfumer
knows that it is false economy to use any product, either natural or
artificial, which has a by-odor or which may discolor or decompose
his finished perfumes. Citronellol, terpineol, ionone, geranyl acetate,
and many of the esters used in perfumes and flavors show large
increases in production. Heliotropin and vanillin show a slight
increase. Geraniol and linalyl acetate are some of the more important
synthetics which show a decrease in production.
Esters. — The manufacture of esters appears to have made great
strides in the past year. The total production of amyl acetate for
the year 1922 was 1,692,074 pounds; that of ethyl acetate was 16,-
114,458 pounds as compared with 5,310,688 pounds in 1921. Several
new fruit esters are reported for the first time in 1922, including
some of the oenanthates and vanillyl vanillate.
Choloroform and carbon tetrachloride. — The production of chloro-
form and of carbon tetrachloride increased very greatly in 1922.
The latter is a raw material used to a large extent as a solvent and is
highly valued as a fire extinguisher. Its output in 1922 was 11,166,-
318 poumis.
Pharmaceuticals. — The manufacturers of synthetic medicinals
have increased production in barbital, chloral hydrate, and hexa-
methylenetetramine. The last named is used not only in medicine
but in greater amounts as a rubber vulcanizer and in the manufac-
ture of synthetic resins. Formaldehyde, which is used as a disin-
fectant and antiseptic and in the manufacture of hexamethylene-
tetramine, shows a total production in 1922 of 23,958,152 pounds.
Some medicinals of particular interest which were first reported in
1922 are the esters of chaulmoogra oil, used in the treatment of
leprosy; theocin sodium acetate used as a stimulant diuretic; and
8-chloro theophyllin .
Butyl alcohol. — The production of butyl alcohol in 1922 represents
a very large increase over the 1921 production when it exceeded
2,000,000 pounds. Butyl alcohol is used largely as a solvent in
pyroxylin plastics.
Aldehyde ammonia, which is used as an accelerator in the vulcani-
zation of rubber, shows an increase in production for the year 1922.
Other acetylene derivatives were also manufactured in this country
in larger quantities than heretofore; acetaldehyde and aldol both
show an increased production. The United States has produced
only a part of its requirements of acetaldehyde and its polymerized
form, paraldehyde. These products are imported in large amounts
from Canada, where during the war a large plant was erected at
Shawinigan Falls to produce acetic acid and acetone from acetylene.
Ethylene and propylene derivatives. — Ethylene dichloride and ethy-
lene chlorohydrin, both of which find important uses as solvents and
in further organic synthesis, were made in commercial quantities
in 1922.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1922. Ill
These derivatives are manufactured by at least two companies.
The process is based upon the* recovery of ethylene and propylene
from the waste gases of petroleum cracking processes and other hydro-
carbon gases. Other products from these sources are diethyl sul-
phate, used as an ethylating agent, particularly in dye manufac-
turing, and isopropyl alcohol, used in organic synthesis, particularly
for the perfumery and flavoring industries.
Mucic acid, which is now made on a commercial scale, is produced
by the hydrolysis and oxidation of mixtures of glucose and galactose
obtained from the western larch (larix occidentalis) . It is used as an
ingredient in baking powder and as a mordant and chrome assistant
in textile dyeing. It may have value as an a3idulent to be used in
lieu of citric or tartaric acid.
Gallic acid and pyrogallic acid are important products in this group.
Gallic acid is a white crystalline substance made from nutgalls and is
of use in the manufacture of dyes, pyrogallic acid, ink, and in medi-
cine. Pyrogallic acid is one of the oldest of photographic developers.
Dihydroxytartaric acid. — A large increase in the manufacture of
this product is noted for 1922. It finds use in the manufacture of
a dye known as tartrazine.
Furfural, a comparatively new product, was first made in commer-
cial quantities in 1922. This synthetic may be the basis of a new in-
dustry of great size, as corncobs, the necessary raw material, are
now waste material available in unlimited quantities. Furfural
may have valuable uses in the synthetic resin an I varnish in lustrv.
Lactic acid, used in the leather, textile, and dye industries, will
probably continue to appear on the market in larger amounts. Its
manufacture by a controlled fermentation process is an American
development.
Oxalic acid is one of the most important chemicals of this group
of synthetics. Production as reported for 1922 by 4 concerns totaled
3,978,807 pounds.
Table 16. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1922.
(Not derived from coal tar.)
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
page 117. An X signifies that the corresponding chemicals were made by a manufacturer who did
not consent to the publication of his name in connection there vith. Blanks in the third and fourth
columns indicate that there were sales of the corresponding chemicals in the United States dui ing 1922,
but that the figures can not be publi-'hed without re ealing mformation m regard to the sale-; of mdi idual
firms. The blank space in the sixth column indicates that there was actual production of the correspond-
ing chemicals in the United States during 1922, but that the figures can not be published without re> eal-
ing information in regard to the output of individual firms. The details thus withheld are, however,
included in the totals.)
Manufacturer's identifi-
cation number (according
to list on p. 117).
Sales,.
Name.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
Total
Pounds.
60, 494, 494
$11,964,074
$0.20
PouikIs.
79, 202, 155
27,72, 107, 145
Acfttaldehyde
71,. 337
Acetaldol (aldol)
27
Acetamide
53,68, 170
Acetic acid ester of tannlcacid.
17
Acetic anhydride
63
Acetine
125
Acetylene tetrabromide
63
112 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 16. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 — Continued.
Manufacturer's identifi-
cation number (according
to Ust on p. 117).
Sales.
Name.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
Aldehyde ammonia
27, 145
Pounds.
Pounds.
AUyl alcohol
140
140
31, 140
174
Amyl acetate
10, 64, 72, 76, 123, 123, 137,
158, 170, 189, 191.
189, X
1,158,455
$374,028
$0.32
1,692,074
Amyl alcohol and higher
alcohols.
Amyl butyrate
22
72
177
72, 76, X
Anisaldehyde (aubepine)
22,72,75,76
2,141
8,266
3.86
2,302
69,129... .
B r 0 m 0 diethylacetylcarba-
mide.
Bromocamphor
17
63, 114
63
Butyl acetate, n. and sec
n-Biityl alcohol (butanol) —
sec -Butyl alcohol
64, 68, 72, 76. 123, 191, X, X.
42, 189
438,205
117, 156
.27
2, 467, 506
X
42
68, 177
68, 177
72
'
42
Butyl xanthic disulfide
128
'
42
76, 137
n-Butyric acid, crude
Butyraldehyde . .
X
27, 72
d-Camphcic acid. ...
114
72, 76, 137, 170, 177
537
177
63, 135, 197
9,231,824
760,439
.08
11,166,318
17
120, 124
Chlo-oacetic acid (Mono)
63, 64
37,63
8-Chlo"o-theophyUin.
17 . .
1
CitroaeUol
72, 76, 101, 184, 190, 192
72, 76, 176, X
3,351
55
23, 298
301
6.95
5.47
3,953
105
138
27
17
72 ...
72 76
Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)..
133 149
17
'
1 68
17
17
17
17
1,89,170
978
89
DiethVlbarbituric acid (bar-
bital or veronal).
Diothylbarbituric acid so-
dium (So lium barbital).
1 17 . ..
17
1
27
1
Dihydroxvtartaric acid
Diio lohydroxynropane
25 147
17'
68 170 i77
91
1:3 Dimethylxanthine
Disuccinylperoxide (alpho-
zone).
17
173
72
1
72
72
17
17
Ethyl acetate (85%) •
10,64,72,114,123,125,158,
189, 192,X,X,X.
11,801,661
1,013,515
.09
16,114,458
» Correct value for 1921 sales $249,600 and unit value $0. 85.
SYNTHETIC ORGAJSTIC CHEMICALS, NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1922. 113
Table 16. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 — Continued.
Manufacturer's identifi-
cation number (according
to hst on p. 117).
Sales.
Name.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
76,170,189. .
Pounds.
Pounds.
17,63,89,114,178,192
1
155, 162
Ethyl butyrate
22, 72, 76, 137, 170, 189, 192,
x,x.x.
68 72 189
32, 192
S37, 883
SI. 18
22, 958
189
1
Ethyl chloride
48, 75, 80, 157, 189, X, X ; 156, 411
192
59, 149
.38
164, 198
Ethvl citrate
Ethyl ether 2
48, 64, 72, 114, 172, 189, X....
137, 189, 192, X
3,712,997
1,383
429, 940
1,127
.12
.81
4,017,043
1,627
Ethyl formate . ...
Ethyl glycolic acid ester of
menthol.
17
68,114,120,177
268
271
1,621
1,074
6.05
3.96
238
72, 76, 137, 189
Ethyl lactate
72,189
Ethyl laurate..
72,177
189
189
Ethyl malonate (Mono and
di).
Ethyl monochloracetate
Ethyl nitrite
1, 17,72,170,177
21, 747
189 .
114,X
Ethyl oenanthate...
7',76, 101,1.37, 192
3,370
5,584
1.66
4,731
Ethyl oxalate
17,72,189,192
23,025
Ethyl pelargonate
22,72,76,125
626
1,356
2.17
971
72, 170, 1S9, 192, X
Ethvl-n-yalerate
72, 76, 190, X
175
Ethylene
189
Ethylene bromide.
63. . . .
27, 89
Ethylene dichloride
27
Ethvleneelycol
27
Ethylene oxide .
27. ..
Ethylidene chloride
68
Eugenol methyl ether
Formaldehyde
72
57, 123, 138, 145, 154, X....
X
16,140,007
1,676,401
.10
23,958,152
Formic acid (85 per cent)
Fumaric acid
127
Furfural
152, 170
Gallic acid, tech
68, 114, 205
96, 100
48,308
.50
411,768
GalUc acid, U.S.P...
205 .
Geraniol
76, 184
Geranvl acetate
72, 76, 125, 176, 190, X
72, 76, 101
5,828
12,674
2.17
7,066
Geranvl butyrate. .
65
Geranvl formate
72, 76, 101, 176, 190
32
190
5.94
SO
Geranyl pro ionate
72
Glycerol monochlorohydrin
68
Glyceronhosphoric acid and
salts of
Glycol diacetate . . .
138, X
27
Heliotropin
22, 72, 75, X
5,919
12, 497
2.11
6,794
Hentaldehyde
72, 128, 170, 190
n-Hc'tvl alcohol
68, 72 . .
27 63
Hexameth ylenetetramine
138, 145, 154, X
1,691,802
1,168,984
.69
2,6i5,i6i
17
anhvdromethylene citrate.
42
Hydroxycitronellal
184
Indol
72
17
■
17
:
Iodoform
114, 133, 149...
11,981
57,375
4.79 1 11.811
lonone, alpha
72
lonone
76, 101, 125, 190, 192, X
18,626
174
Isoamyl butyrate
72, 137, 189, X, X
5,039
7,080
1.41
5,576
Isoamvl formate.
72, 137, 1S9
155
72, 137, 1S9
IsoamVl nitrite
68, 170, 177
4.33
47
1S9
Isobut yl acetate
72, 76, 137, 189
140
400
2.86
510
Isobutyl alcohol
Isobut'yl butyrate
Isobut vl forinate
189
72, 76, 137, 189. .
36
128
3.56 ! 70
72. 189
' Correct value for 1921 sales $929,125 and unit value $0. 31.
114 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 16. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 — Continued.
Manufacturer's identifi-
cation number (according
to list on p. 117).
Sales.
Name.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
Isobiit vl indol
72
Pounds.
Pounds.
Isobutyl isovalerate
1S9
Isobutyl oenanthate
72....
72, 189
7fi, U7
72
22, 72, 193, X
2,638
$11,510
$4.36
72
l30T)roiyl al'-ohol (Isopro-
panol).
27, 140, 189, X
247, 392
130,418
.54
256, 868
27,140
ISS
72
1:^7 174
194, X
Laurie aMi
177
192
Linalyl a'^etato
72,76,101,176.190
72
589
4,805
8.16
738
Linalvl formatfi
72,176,190
27
249
9.22
Linalyl propionate . . .
7"'
72
127
123 189 ...
rtS
61,177
17
72,137,189
22
40
1.82
36
72.176
1S1
Methyl inlol (-katoH
Methvl io li le
72
177
Methyl isoiucenol
Methvl OKalat'i
176
72,189
72,189
Methyl S'llfntft
X
189
17
17
99
72 76
72 76
Octode 'vl al 'ohol
72
72
0"to le"vi k'^toni . .
72
O'-tyl a'^ntate an 1 so-, "-"tyl
acetate.
Octvl alcohol, n.ani se'
Oftvl allehvde
72,76,176,190
8
23
325
440
40.63
19.13
56
68,72.76,176,177,190
72 101
106
Octvl formate
176 . •
0\ali'a"i1
.5 99, 139, X
4,099,228
562,439
.14
3,978,807
27,107
138 145
27
27
Pi' erinic ketone (• i eronone)
Propionic acil. crude
72
X
X
72
72,76.189
145
n-Propyl alcohol
n-Propyl isovalerate
n- Propyl-n-t)ut yrate
Propyl oenanthate
n-Propyl propionate
Propylene chlorohydrin
Propylene dichlori'de
Propylene glycol
Pyrogallic acid (Pyrogallol)..
140 170,189
189
189
72
72 189
27
27 ....
27
68 114,20.')
174,940
181,674
1.38
187, 536
2.5
Quatrodecyl alcohol
Quatrodecyl aldehyde
Quatrodecyl ketone
72
72
72
68 177
Rhodinol
72.76, 101,190, X
767
10,955
14.28
777
72 176
Rhodinol butyrate
72.....;...!.] 1
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1922, 115
Table 16. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 — Continued.
Manufacturer's identifi-
cation number (according
to list on p. 117).
Sales.
Name.
Quantity.
Value.
Average
price per
pound.
Total pro-
duction.
72,176
PouTids.
Pounds.
Rhodinol valerate
72
Sextodecyl aldehyde
72
Sextodecyl alcohol
72
72
114,173
173
Sulfomnethane, U. S. P . .
147
Terpenyl butyrate
72
Terpenyl formate
72
Terpeayl propionate
72
69,X
Terpin hydrate
193
Terpineolene . . .
69 129
Terpinyl acetate
72, 76, 101, 125, 176, X
27
13,290
$19,306
SI. 45
13, 802
Tetramethyldiaminopenta-
nol.
Theocin sodium acetate . .
17
17
Triacetin
76,189
27
Trichlorotertiary butyl alco-
hol (methaform).
Tridecyl alcohol ..........
173,X
72
Tridecyl aldehyde
72
Tridecyl ketone
72
Trimethylene bromide
1
64
76,177. .
72
Vanillic alcohol
72
VaniUin
75, 76, 118, 124, 193, X
72
239,778
1,716,766
7.16
221,046
128
174
177
Table 17. — Comparison of production of synthetic organic chemicals, 1921 and 1922.
Name.
1922
1921
Name.
1922
1921
Pounds.
71,537
2,302
91
16,114,458
155, 162
22,958
164, 198
4,017,043
1,627
238
21, 747
4 731
971
411,768
Pounds.
36,671
2,358
221
5,310,688
176,744
42,144
106,813
3,025,041
2,413
216
56,306
4,442
576
306,431
Geranyl butyrate
Pounds.
65
80
2,015,161
11,811
5,576
155
47
510
70
256,868
736
36
187, 536
13,802
221,046
Pounds.
40
Anisaldehyde ( Aubepine)...
62
Hexamethylenetetramine. . .
Iodoform
981,927
4,606
Isoamyl butyrate
7,334
Isoamyl formate
1,642
Isoam vl nitrite
277
Ethyl ether
Tso butyl acetate
587
Iso butyl butyrate
67
Ethyl iodide ..
Iso propyl alcohol
184, 470
Ethyl malonate (mono and
di) .
Linalvl acetate
1,746
Methyl n-Butyrate
29
Pyrogallic acici
197,337
Terpinyl acetate
7,836
Gallic acid, technical
206. 150
f
116
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 18. — Domestic production of organic chemicals (except coal tar), J 9 14, 1919, and
1921.
[From Bureau of the Census; 1921 figures are preliminary.]
Name.
Acetic acid (pyroligneoiis)
Acetic acid (glacial)
Acetic anhydride
Tartaric acid
Fori laldehyde
Aiiyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl ether
Acetone
Methyl ethyl ketone
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
V aaill in
Codeine and salts
Heroin and salts
Cocaine and salts
1914
Pounds.
75, 303, 375
(2)
3 8, 426, 247
1,315,730
(=>)
(^)
3 2, 120, 082
'10,425,817
(2)
(2)
1,333,954
120,619
(2)
(2)
(2)
1919
Pounds.
f42, 248, 803
20,131,487
t 1,794.9S5
5,312,965
25,006,815
917, 793
5, 780, 549
248, 103
4, 875, 255
6,045.914
1,158,032
11,908,704
1, 677, 641
134,687
3.295
6,933
6,781
1921
I
Pounds.
' 23, 530, 100
|- 11,115,200
9, 682, 700
410, 990
906, 600
208, 300
3, 763, 300
4, 380, 100
944,300
191, 700
i?)
1 Dilute.
2 Figures not available.
3 Production for sale.
Table 19. — Synthetic organic chemicals imported in excess of ^100 in value during the
year ended June 30, 1914-^
Article.
Acetin 'commercial
Acetylenetetrachloride (tetra-
chloroethane
Ammonium valerate
Amyl butyrate
Amyl nitrite
Amylene
Aubepine:
Tech nical
' iquii
Barbituric acil
Butyric acid, 60 per cent
Pure
Calcium glvceropliosphate:
Granulated, 6 per cent
Tiquil, 50 per cent
Solui le
Granulated, effervescent —
Camphoric acid
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloral hydrate
Ci liroform
Citronellol
Cocaine ^
Coieine, alkaloid
Phosphate 2
Sulphate^
Dichlorohydrin
Di !nethyl<^lyoxime
Ethyl butyrate absolute
Ethyl carbonate
Ethyl ciUoride
Ethyl etler
Over sodium
Reagent
Eugenol:
Crude
Otter
^uantity.
Pounds.
15, 958
93,581
1,801
350
26
1,302
2, 101
39, 924
51,530
13
4,f97
15, 757
1,.347
305
■ 75
572, 987
800
2,745
1,52.-|
3,340
32
335
1, 275
782
28
1,363
6
9,137
992
3,512
122
5
485
Value.
$2, 425
5, 636
1,637
181
122
100
2,901
2,837
13, 4t-
41
814
9,935
1,(11
849
13S
28, 322
298
2,086
4,318
4, 1( 3
l,<f9
773
2,648
500
301
515
311
10,2 0
IfO
870
119
4
987
Article.
Gallic acid
Geranyl acetate
Heliotropin, crystals
Hexamethylenetetramine
Iodoform
lonone:
Alcoh olic solution
For soap
Alpha, pure
Iron valerate
Methyl aniline, pure
Methyl iodide
Monochloracetic acid:
Commercial
Pure crystals
Octyl aldehyde
Pyrogallic acid
Quinine valerate
Rhodinol •
Succinic acid;
Crude sublimed
Pure crystals
Anhydrous
Terpin hydrate
Terpinyl acetate
Thiosiriamine
Thymol
Trichloracetic acid:
Technical
U. S. P
Urea
Valeric ( Valerianic) acid
Vanillins
Veronal (diethyl barbituric
acid )
Veronal sodium (sodium di-
ethyl barbiturate
Zinc valerate, powder
Quantity.
Pounds.
61,644
198
10, 219
11,470
93
50
104
35
1,109
13
26
12, 834
318
4
24,964
2f3
181
35
620
54
12, 797
19, 473
111
19,056
4
439
18, 137
1,164
38,472
4,971
593
1,517
Value.
$20, 417
634
8,715
21,136
322
71
565
542
1,012
137
2,756
171
127
22,404
1,456
1,493
92
2,224
435
2,052
10, 412
296
24,793
2
346
8,889
755
7,554
26, 322
5,284
1.375
'Miscellaneous Series No. 82, Department of Commerce.
2 Ounces.
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1922. 117
Table 20. — Imports and production of synthetic organic chemicals (except those of coal-
tar origin), 1922*
Article.
Acetic or pyroligneous acid
Containing by weight —
Not more than 65 per cent acetic acid.
Formic acid
Gallic acid
Glycerophosphoric acid, and salts and compounds
Lactic acid
Containing by weight of lactic acid —
55 per cent or more
Oxalic acid
Pyrogallic acid
Methyl alcohol
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Chloral hydrate .*
Cocaine, etc
Ethers and esters:
Containing not more than 10 per cent alcohol-
Ethyl ether
Ethyl chloride
Amyl acetate
Amyl nitrate
Ethyl acetate
Nitrous spirits of
Other n. s. p. f
Containing more than 50 per cent alcohol
Formaldehyde solution (not more than 40 per
cent)
Formaldehyde solution (formalin)
He^ amethylenetetramine
Iodoform
L' re a
ThjTiiol
Vanillin
Imports.
First 9 months.
Pounds. Value
18,706
22,744
4,490
5,460
380, 840
29,767
125
44,092
1,000
'5,015
9,774
200
6
200
1,998
2,287
1,616
407
182,257
6,666
«3,514
$1, 318
2,368
2,387
4,789
37, 913
3,591
39
1,251
895
11,514
1,811
258
17
276
1,365
1,034
1,442
67
Last 3 months.
Pounds. Value
43
.255, 397
7,021
5,000
1,260,308
1
12
22, 039
15
354
2 2, 503
7,322
43, 891
21, 220
1,448
300
16,010
78, 379
4,737
S19
18,113
3,870
758
102, 895
3
4
603
3
291
7,031
,095
50
7,765
17, 670
13,206
Production
(pounds).
411,768
3, 978, 807
187, 536
11,166,318
M, 017, 043
3 164, 198
3 1,692,074
3 16,114,458
23, 958, 152
2, 015, 161
11,811
221.046
* Preliminary figures for imports.
1 Gallons.
' Ounces.
3 Alcohol content unknown.
Directory of manufacturers ofdye^ and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1922.
No.
Name of company.
Office address (location of plant given in paren-
thesis if not in same city as office).
Abbott Laboratories
Agawam Chamical Works
Althouse Chemical Co
Amalgamated Dyestuff & Chemical Works (Inc.)
American Alkali & Acid Co
American Aniline Products (Inc.)
American Chemical Works, The
American Tar Products Co. (Inc.)
American Vat Color Manufacturing Co
Anderson Chemical Co
Ansbacher & Co. (Inc.), A. S
Atlantic Dyestuff Co
Atlantic Tar & Chemical Works (Ltd.)
Atlas Color Works
Baird & McGuire (Inc.)
Barrett Co. The
Bayer Co. (Inc.) The
Beaver Chemical Co. (Inc.)
4753 Ravens wood Avenue, Chicago, 111.
531 Grosvenor Building, Providence, R. I.
(North Attleboro, Aiass.)
500-540 Pear Street, Reading, Pa.
Plum Point Lane, Newark, N. J.
43 Main Street, Bradford, Pa.
80 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Lock Haven
Pa.)
331-341 Bay Street, San Francisco, Calif.
208 South La Salle Street, Chicago, 111. (Chicago ,
111.; Youngstown, Ohio.; St Louis, Mo.; Wood-
ward, Ala.; FoUansbee, W. Va.; Carrollville
Wis.)
80 Fifth Avenue New York City. (Lock Haven,
Pa.)
P. O. Box 307, Passaic,N. J. (262 Lodi Avenue,
Wallington, N. J.)
527 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Brookh'n,
N. Y.)
88 Ames BuUding, Boston, Mass. (Portsmouth,
N. H.)
Bayway, Elizabeth, N. J. (Elizabeth, N. J.)
322 Ninth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (417 Hamil-
ton,Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.)
Hoi brook, Mass.
40 Rector Street, New York City. (Plants dis-
tributed throughout Ignited Statfi.)
117 Hudson Street, New York City. (Rens-
selaer, N. Y.)
Damascus, Va.
118 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 — Continued.
Name of company.
Office address (location of plant given in paren-
thesis if not in same city as office).
Beaver Maniifacturinp; Co
The Briggs Chemical Co
Brooklyn Color Works (Inc.).
Bush Co. (Inc.), W. J
Butterworth-Judson Corporation.
Cabot (Inc.), Samuel
Calco Chemical Co., The
California Ink Co. (Inc.)
Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corporation.
Carey Manufacturing Co., The PhiUp
Carus Chemical Co
Central DyestufT & Chemical Co
Central Specialty Co
Certain-teed Products Corporation
Chatfleld Manufacturing Co., The.
Chemical Company of America (Inc.), The.
Childs & Co. (Inc.), Charles M
Chiris Co., Antoine
Chlorine Products Co
Cincinnati Chemical Works (Inc.) ,
Citizens Gas Co
Coleman & Bell Co
Combustion UtiUties Corporation
Commercial Solvents Corporation
Commonwealth Chemical Corporation.
Commonwealth Color <fe Chemical Co.
Condensite Company of America (Division of
Bakelite Corporation).
Consolidated Color & Chemical Co
Cooks Falls Dye Works
Coopers Co., Charles
Coopers Creek Chemical Co
Corona Chemical Division (Pittsburgh Plate
Glass Co.)
Crescent Color & Chemical Works (Inc.)
Croton Color & Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Crystal Chemical Co
Davis Chemical Products (Inc.)
Debrook Co. (Inc.)
Dehls & Stein
Delta Chemical & Iron Co
Dcrmatological Research Institute (Inc.).
Devoe & Raynolds Co. (Inc.)
Diarsenol Co. (Inc.)
Dicks David Co. (Inc.).
Dissosway Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Dow Chemical Co., The
Du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), E.I.
Dye Products and Chemical Co. (Inc.) .
Dye Stuffs & Chemicals (Inc.).
Eakins(Inc.),J.S.& W. R....
Eastman Kodak Co
Essential Oil Co
Esse.x AnUine Works (Inc.)
Fine Colors Co. (Inc.)
Florasynth Laboratories (Inc.).
Foitcr-Heaton Co
Frankcn Color Works, A.
Fries Bros.
Ballardvale, Mass.
Amherst, Ohio.
Stewart Avenue and Cherry Street, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
370 Seventh Street, New York City. (Linden,
N.J.)
30 Church Street, New York City. (Newark,
N.J.)
141 Milk Street, Boston, Mass.
Bound Brook, N. J.
West Berkeley, Calif.
30 East Forth-second Street, New York City.
(Clendenin, W. Va.)
Loekland, Ohio.
1377 Eighth Street, La Salle, 111.
Plum Point Lane, Newark, N. J.
524 Delaware Street, Kansas City, Mo.
BoatsTren's Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo.
(East St. Louis, 111.)
Seventv-fourth and Lebanon Streets, Station P,
Cin -innati. Ohio.
46 Murray Street, New York City. (Springfield,
N. J.)
43 Summit Street, Brooklvn, N. Y.
147-1.53 Waverly Place, New York City. (Dela-
wanna, N.J.)
81 Maiden Lane, New York City. (Niagara
FaUs, N. Y.)
Evanston Station, Box 20, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(Norwood and St. Bernard, Ohio.)
Majestic Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Norwood, Ohio.
24 State Street, New York City.
Terre Haute. Ind.
25 West Forty-third Street, New York City.
(Newark, N. J.)
Nevans, Butler and Baltic Streets, Brooklyn,
N.Y
Bloomfield, N. J. (Wyandotte, Mich.)
122 Hudson Street, New York City. (Newark,
N.J.)
5 Cedar Street, New York City. (Cooks Falls,
N.Y.)
194 Worth Street, New York City. (Newark, N.J.)
West Conshohocken, Pa.
213-215 Lake Street, Milwaukee, Wis.
Fifty-ninth Street and Eleventh Avenue, New
York City. (Dunellen, N. J.)
293 Broadway, New York City. (Croton-on-Hud-
son, N. Y.)
3854 North Harding Avenue, Chicago, 111.
671 Broad Street, Newark, N. J. (Springfield,
N.J.)
26 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (1105 Metro-
politan Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.)
237-243 South Street, Newark, N.J.
Wells, Delta Co., Mich.
1720-1724 Lombard Street, Philadelphia.
101 Fulton Street, New York City. (New York
and Chicago.)
904 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y.
44 Watts Street, New York City. (Chicago
Heights, 111.)
55 Eckford Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Midland, Mich.
Tenth and Market Streets, Wilmington, Del.
(Deepwater Point and Lodi, N. J.)
200 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Newark,
N.J.)
Eleventh and Monroe Streets, St. Louis, Mo.
24 Wallabout Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
343 State Street, Rochester, N. Y.
Trenton, N. J.
88 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. (South Middle-
ton, Mass.)
21-29 McBride Avenue, Paterson, N.J.
Olmstcad & Starling Avenues, Unionport, N. Y.
27-31 Badger Avenue, Newark, N.J. ,
129 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Chatham,
N.J.)
92 Rcade Street, New York City. (Bloomfield,
N.J.)
SYNTHETIC ORGAlsriC CHEMICALS,, NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1922. 119
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 — Continued.
Name of company.
OflSce address (location of plant given in paren-
thesis if not in same city as office).
Fries & Fries Co., The i 1501-13 West Sixth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Garfield Aniline Works (Inc.).
Gary Chemical Co
Gaskill Chemical Corporation.
Gebauer Chemical Co., The. . .
Goodrich Co., The B. F
Grahame Chemical Co
Granton Chemical Co
Grassclli Chemical Co., The.
Heller & Merz Co., The
Hermann & Co., if orris
Hoyden Chemical Co. of America (Inc.).
Hind & Harrison Plush Co., The
Hirsch Laboratories (Inc.)
Holland Aniline Co
Hooker Electrochemical Co
Hord Color Products Company, The. . .
Hub Dyestufl & Chemical Co
Huggins & .Son, James
Hydrocarbon Chemical Co
Hynson, Westcott & Dunning
Imperial Color Works (Inc.)
Industrial Chemicals Laboratory (Inc.).
International Chemical Products Co
Interstate Chemical Co
Ising Corporation, The C. E
Jordan Coal Tar Products Co. (Inc.).
Kentucky Color & Chemical Co
Kerin Manufacturing Co., The.
Klipstein & Sons Co., E. C
Kohnstamm & Co. (Inc.), H
Lakeview Laboratories
La Motte Chemical Products Co.
Lasher & Co. (Inc.), F. G
Lee Co., A
Lewis Manufacturing Co., F. J.
Lucas Paint Co., Alston
Lucas & Co. (Inc.), John
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
Mar.x Color & Chemical Co., Max
Massa ■hus'^tts df^partment of public health.
May Chemical Works
May wood Chemical Works
Mepham & Co., Geo. S
Merck & Co
Merrimac Chemical Co
Metz Laboratories (Inc.), H. A.
Miner-Edgar Co., The
Monsanto Chemical Works
Morana Incorporated
National Ammonia Co. of Pennsylvania, The . . .
National Aniline & Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Naugatuck Chemical Co., The.
Newport Co., The
New England Aniline Works (Inc.)
New Haven Gas Light Co
New York Color & Chemical Co. (Inc.)
New York Quinine & Chemical Works (Inc.).
Niagara Alkali Co
Niagara Smelting Corporation
Noil Chemical & Color Works (Inc.)
Northwestern Chemical Co
Norvell Chemical Corporation, The.
Oldbury Electro Chemical Co ,
Organo^Chemical Co
Palatine Aniline & Chemical Corporation.
Midland Avenue, Garfield, N. J.
738 Broadway, Gary, Ind. (Chesterton, Ind.)
157 Spencer Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
619 Bangor Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
Akron, Ohio.
221 East State Street, Trenton, N. J.
350 Madison Avenue, New York City. (New
Brunswick, N. J.)
Guardian Building, Cleveland, Ohio. (Rensse-
laer, N. Y., and Grasselli, N. J.)
338 Wilson Avenue, Newark, N . J.
200 Fifth Avenue, New York City. (Newark, N.J.
River Road, Garfield, N. J.
Clark Mills, N. Y.
593 Ir%'ing Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Holland, Mich.
25 Pine Street, New York City.
1636 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio,
595 East Seventh Street, South Boston, Mass.
239 Medford Street, ivfalden, .^'a-^s.
951 East Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Charles and Chase Streets. (1030 North Charles
Street, Baltimore, Md.)
Glens Falls, N. Y.
Hammond, Ind.
13 West Saratoga Street, Baltimore, Md. (Eu-
reka, Mint.)
667 Garfield Avenue, Jersey City, N. J.
Flushing, Long Island., N^ Y.
11 Chfl Street, New York Citv. (Matawan. N. J.)
Thirty-fourth Street, .south of Bank Street,
Louisville^ Ky.
Central National Bank Building, Marietta, Ohio.
644 Greenwich Street. New York City. fCart-
eret, N. J., and South Charleston, W. Va.)
87 Park Place, New York Citv. (Brooklyn, N. Y.
2 Jersey Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
13 West Saratoga Street, Baltimore, Md.
Maspeth and Gardner Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Lawrence, Mass. (Methuen. Mass.)
2513 South Ribey Street, Chinago, 111.
1031 Currier Street. Chi-ago. TU
322 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (Gibbsboro.
N. J.>
.3600 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
192-194 Coit Street, Irv ington, N. J.
Room 540, Statehouse, Boston, Mass.
204 Niagara Street, Newark, N. J.
Maywood, N. J.
Twentieth Street and Lynch Avenue, East St.
Louis, 111.
45 Park Place, New York City. (Rah way, N. J.)
148 State Street, Boston, Mass.
122 Hudson Street, New York City. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
110 William Street, New York Citv.
1724 South Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
118 East Twentv-seventh Street, New York
City. (EUzabeth, N. J.)
Delaware Avenue and Vankirk Street, Phila-
delphia, Pa.
40 Rector Street, New York City. (Brooklyn and
Buffalo, N. Y.; Marcus Hook, Pa.)
Naugatuck, Conn.
P. O. Box 1582, Milwaukee, Wis. (Carrollville,
Wis.)
95 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. (Ashland. Mass.)
80 Crown Street, New Haven, Conn.
Belle^ ille, N. J. (Philadelphia. Pa.)
152 William Street, New York City. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
4205 Bufl^alo Avenue, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
152 West One hundred and eighth Street, New
York City.
Wauwatosa, Wis.
11 Cliff Street, New York City. (Perth Amboy,
N.J.)
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
1636 C ^lumbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio.
81 North Water Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
120 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 — Continued .
Name of company.
Office address (location of plant given in paren-
thesis if not in same city as office).
Passaic Color Corporation
Peerless Color Co. (Inc.)
Pennsylvania Coal Products Co
Perth Amboy Chemical Works
Pfizer & Co. (Inc.) , Chas
Pharma-Chemical Corporation
Po Ambo Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Powers- Weightman-Rosengarten Co
Providence Chemical Laboratories ,
Puritan Dye & Chemical Co
Quaker Oats Co., The
Radiant Dye and Color Works
Redmanol Chemical Products Co
Republic Cresoting Co
Rhodia Chemical Co
Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., The...
Rossville Co., The
Rubber Service Laboratories Co ,
Ruxton (Inc.), Philip
Secaw Chemical Co
Selden Co., The
Sepoy Color & Chemical Co ,
Seydel Chemical Co. •
Sherwin-Williams Co., The
Siegle Corporation of America, The G
Siemon & Elting
Sinclair & Valentine Co
Southern Dyestuffs Co
Special Chemicals Co
Springdale Finishing Co. (Inc.), The
Squibb & Sons, E. R
Steams & Co., Frederick
Sterling Chemical Works (Inc.) ,
Sim Chemical & Color Co
Synfleur Scientific Laboratories (Inc.)
Synthetical Laboratories of Chicago
T. M. & G. Chemical Co
Tar Products Corporation
Terpene Chemical Co., The
Texdel Chemical Co., (Inc.)
Textile Chemical Co., (Inc.)
Thatcher Process Co., (Inc.)
Todd Co., A. M .- ,
Tower Manufacturing Co
Trico Chemical Co., (Inc.) ,
UUman Co., Sigmund
Ultro Chemical Corporation
U.S. Industrial Chemical Co
Van Dyk&Co
Van Shaack Bros. Chemical Works
Vernon Synthetic Chemical Corp. (Inc.).. . .
Verona Chemical Co ,
Wamesit Chemical Co
Warner-Jenkinson Co ,
Western Dry Color Co
Westvaco Chlorine Products (Inc.)
Wilbur White Chemical Co., The
White Tar Co. of N. Y. (Inc.) The ,
Wilhelm Co., The A
Williamsburg Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Wolf Si. Co., Jacques
Wyoming Dyestufl & Chemical Corporation
Yocum Laboratories (Inc.), The
Zinsser Co
Zobel Co. (Inc.), Ernst.
50-60 Eighth Street, Passaic, N. J.
521-535 North Avenue, Plainfleld, N. J.
Reiber Building, Butler, Pa. (Petrolia, Pa.)
709 Sixth Avenue, New York City. (Perth Am-
boy, N. J.)
81 Maiden Lane, New York City.
233 Broadway, New York City. (Bayonne, N.J.)
Matawan, N. .7.
916 Parrish Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
51 Empire Street, Providence, R. I.
East Main Street, Northboro, Mass.
160O-168( East Jackson Street. Chicago, lU. (Cedar
Rapids, Iowa.)
2837 West Twenty-first Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
636 West Twenty-second Street, Chicago, 111.
1614 Merchants Bank Building, Indianapolis,
Ind. (Indianapolis, Ind.; St. Louis Park,
Minn.; Mobile, Ala.; Seattle, Wash.; Norfolk,
Va.)
89 Fulton Street, New York City. (New Brans-
wick, N. J.)
709 Sixth Avenue, New York City.
Lawrenceburg, Ind.
611 Peoples Savings & Trast Building, Akron,
Ohio. (Nitro, W. Va.)
220 West Forty-second Street, New York City.
(Brooklyn, >J. Y.)
525 Chancellor Avenue, Irvington, N. J.
339 Second Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
371 Durham Avenue, Metuchen, N. J.
120 Broadway, New York City. (Nitro, W. Va.)
601 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. (Kensington,
111.)
Rosebank, Staten Island, N. Y.
Irvington, N. J.
11 St. Clair Place, New York City.
25 West Forty-third Street, New York City.
(Nitro, W. Va.)
Highland Park, 111.
Pine Street, Canton, Mass.
80 Beekman Street, New York City. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.; New Brunswick, N. J.)
6533 East Jefferson Street, Detroit, Mich.
115 Broadway, New York City. (Newark, N. J.)
309-321 Sussex Street, Harrison, N. J.
Monticello, N. Y.
1326 West Congress Street, Chicago, 111.
Meadow Lane, Elizabeth, N. J.
913 Turks Head Building, Providence, R. I. (E
Providence, R. I.)
121 Arthur Street, Sandusky, Ohio
120 Maiden Lane, New York City. (Jersey City.
N.J.)
Public Street and Aliens Avenue, Providence,R.I.
523 Tracy Street, Syracuse, N. Y.
Kalamazoo, Mich.
85 Doremus Avenue, Newark, N. J.
502 Iroquois Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
Park Avenue and One hundred and forty-sixth
Street, New York City.
41 Union Square, New'York City. (Brooklyn,
N.Y.)
27 William Street, New York City. (Baltimore,
Md.)
4 Piatt Street, New York City. (Jersey City,N. J.
Chicago, 111.
166 Vernon Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y.
26 Verona Avenue, Newark, N. J.
Lowell, Mass. (Wamesit, Mass.)
2526 Baldwin Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Fifty-second and Wallace Streets, Chicago, 111.
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York City. (South
Charleston, W. Va.)
Owego, N. Y.
56 Vesey Street, New York City. (Kearny, N. J.,
Reading, Pa.
230 Morgan Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Passaic, N. J.
Carbon Street, Scranton, Pa.
168 Coit Street, Irvington, N. J.
Hastings on Hudson, N. Y.
104-126 Second Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
PART V.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF THE WORLD'S CHIEF DYE-
CONSUMING AND PRODUCING NATIONS,
1913, 1920, 1921, AND 1922.
52805—23 ^9 121
Part V.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF THE WORLD'S CHIEF DYE-
CONSUMING AND PRODUCING NATIONS FOR 1913, 1920,
1921, AND 1922.
Introductory .
This section is a new feature of the census of dyes and coal-tar
products pubHshed annually by the Tariff Commission. It presents
statistics of imports and exports taken from foreign official publica-
tions. The year 1913 is selected as a pre-war year for comparison
with the post-war years 1920, 1921, and so far as figures are avail-
able, 1922. The figures for the two periods furnish a basis for a
detailed analysis of the international trade in dyes.
International Dye Trade.
SUMMARY.
The world's annual production of coal-tar dyes previous to the
war approximated $90,000,000 in value. Figured at 25 cents per
pound, this was equivalent to about 360,000,000 pounds. In any
event it is reasonable to infer that the output exceeded 300,000 000
but was less than 400,000,000 pounds. The best available estimate
of the world's production by countries is contained in the followino-
table : ^ *=
World's approximate production of dyes by countries, 1913.
Germany $68, 300, 000
Switzerland 6, 450, 000
Great Britain 6, 000, 000
France 5, 000, 000
United States 3, 000, 000
Austria 1, 500, 000
Russia §1, 000, 000
Belgium 500, 000
Netherlands 200, 000
Other countries 20o! 000
Total 92,150,000
The pre-war production of dyes by quantity and value is esti-
mated by Grandmougin ^ as follows :
World's production of artificial dyes.
Dye.
Indigo, 20 per cent.
Sulphur black
Sulphur dyes
Azo dyes
Aniline dyes
Anthracene dyes...
Other dyes
Total.
Pounds.
88, 160, 000
33, 060, 000
11,020,000
132, 240, 000
22, 040, 000
13, 224, 000
13, 224, 000
312,968,000
Mean value,
«0. 175
.175
.175
.175
.525
.525
.263
Total value.
$15, 440, 000
5, 790, 000
1,930,000
23, 160, 000
11,580,000
6, 948, 000
3, 474, 000
68,322,000
trlil"''ThomTs*H.S?S'"''® ^^^"^^ ^^^^^^ ^®"^ ^' "'^^'^^^^ ^°^ American Textile and Other Indus -
' Grandmougin: L'Essor des Industries Chimiques en France, 1919.
123
124 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
PRE-WAR PRODUCTION OF DYES.
Germany, with an output totaling three-fourths of all synthetic
dyes produced, dominated the world's dye markets. Of the remain-
ing quarter, over one-half was made from intermediates imported
from Germany, and consequently the production of these dyes was
dependent on that country. On the hasis of the above, about 88
per cent of the world's dye production was controlled by Germany.
Switzerland, although without raw materials, ranked second,
with about 7 per cent of the world's production. In 1913 Swiss
exports of dyes were valued at over one-tenth of the dye exports of
German}^. Practically all the raw materials required by the Swiss
dye makers were of German origin. Great Britain, although pos-
sessing an abundant supply of coal-tar crudes, ranked far below the
two preceding countries as a dye producer. At the beginning of the
war she produced only one-tenth of her domestic requirements, which
totaled about 40,000,000 pounds, with a value of .$9,700,000. Official
figures for 1907 show an output of 15,568,000 pounds, with a value
of $1,815,205. In the manufacture of alizarin and several interme-
diates the British held a notable position.
France also possessed a synthetic dye industry; French-owned
and operated plants manufactured from 10 to 15 per cent of the con-
sumption of that country. In both France and Great Britain, in
dye plants operated and owned by the German dye makers, final
assembling operations were completed in the case of certain dyes
made from German intermediates, in order to meet the patent re-
quirements of those two countries.
In the United States just before the war a small dye industry
produced dyes almost entirely from intermediates imported chiefly
from Germany. The American industry of that period was in no
sense self-contained or complete. The output in 1914 of 7 firms was
6,619,729 pounds, valued at $2,470,096.
Dye-consuming nations. — China leads the world as a consumer of
dyes. The present estimated consumption of synthetic dyes by
China (with indigo figured on the 20 per cent paste basis) exceeds
70,000,000 pounds. In 1913 Germany, Switzerland, and France
exported to that country 69,781,276 pounds, valued at $11,673,917.
In that year one-fifth oi the total value of Germany's entire exports
was taken by China. China used more indigo than all other nations
of the world combined, and, because of the excessive use of blue
color, continues to lead in its consumption.''
During 1913, 64 per cent of the German exports of indigo went
to China, totaling 47,090,256 pounds, with an export value of $6,396,-
964. China consumes probably not more than 25 dyes in large
quantities. The dyes consumed in the China trade are almost wholly
those used on cotton and silk, as wool is used for clothing material
only in negligible quantities. Among the basic dyes imported are
Malachite green. Magenta, Methyl violet 2B, Methylene blue, Bis-
8 Before the war the total production of indigo (100 per cent) was about 8,000 tons per year, to which
should be added 2,000 tons of natural indigo. Of the 8,000 tons of synthetic, Germany produced
about 7,000 tons. About 500 tons were consumed in Germany and the remainder exported. About 400 tons
were made in France by the German branch factories. There was also production of indigo in England
under similar conditions. The Swiss made about 400 tons . (France, Mmistfere du Commerce I'lndustne
Francaise, vol. 2, 1919, p. 205.)
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
125
marck brown, Chrysoidine, and Auramine. There is considerable
consumption of the direct blues and reds, and of Croceine scarlet for
dyeing silks and for paper staining. Sulphur black and a few other
sulphur dyes are also imported into China.
The United States, with an average annual consumption of about
55,000,000 pounds, ranks second among dj^e-consuming countries.
The imports of 1913 were about 45,950,895 pounds. The United
States is the largest consumer of fast vat dyes, chiefly for use on
cotton. Great Britain ranks third among dye-consuming countries;
its present consumption is about 50,000,000 pounds.
The consumption of Germany is not accurately known, owning to the
lack of official figures for that country. The annual consumption has
been variously estimated at from 33,000,000 to 55,000,000 pounds.
The post-war consumption, however, is probably below 40,000,000
pounds per year. France has an annual consumption of 20,000,000
pounds, and the British colonies, with India leading, have a combined
consumption of about 18,000,000 pounds per year. Italy, Japan,
and Switzerland follow in importance as dye consumers. Prior to
the war Russia and Austria-Hungary were both important con-
sumers of dyes; Grandmougin estimates that Russia consumed
about 22,000,000 pounds and Austria-Hungary about 18,000,000
pounds per year.
The tables at the end of this section give complete official figures
on exports and imports of each of the above-mentioned countries,
showing the status of each nation as a producer and consumer of
synthetic dyes.
Table 21. — Total imports of dyes into chief consuming countries, 191-3 and 1921.
Country.
1913
Pounds.
Value.
1921
Pounds.
Value.
China:'
Indigo '42,
Aniline
Unit od States 2 1 45,
Great Britain I 41,
Austria-Hungary.
British India 3....
Italy.
Japan ( aniline) .
Turkey
Russia
17,
16:
is:
9:
2
i.
France -4:
Canada 3 j 2:
Germany : 7,
Sweden I 2,
Dutch East Indies < j 2,
Switzerland 1,
609, 989
(■■■)
950, 895
203, 008
168, 764
923, 607
542,429
755, 260
631,703
835, 647
706, 601
633, 516
138, 495
376, 166
073, 434
201, 292
032, 205
943, 329
537, 870
207, 684
616, 199
741,031
611,705
100, 255
641, 321
701, 186
416,316
594, 414
682, 422
699, 737
890, 366
431, 197
46, 939, 187
$13, 219, 349
4,252,911
6, 600, 160
5,156,779
6, 333, 162
10, 842, 191
6 7,450,665
5, 587, 881
12,779,646
2,558,657
6,488,681
2,531,320
1, 539, 907
1,084,337
608, 823
1 Exports to China from Fran?e, Germany, and Switzerland amount to 69,761,276 pounds — 811,673,917.
' Fiscal year 1914. Quantity from Norton's Special Agents Series No. 121. Value from Commerce and
Navigation.
' Year ended March 31, 1914.
< Quantity of synthetic indigo not shown.
6 Not stated.
' Figures include 3,493,275 pounds of reparation dyes for which no value is shown.
126
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 22. — Exports of dyes from Germany, 1913.
Country of destination.
Total artificial colors and
Per cent-
age of
intermediates.
quantity.
Tons.
Pounds.
Per cent.
29, 821
65, 743, 376. 60
23.0
24, 004
52,919,218.40
19.2
16,066
35, 419, 103. 60
13.0
8,510
18,761,146.00
7.0
8,787
19, 371, 820. 20
7.2
6,392
14,091,803.20
5.1
4,813
10, 610, 739. 80
3.8
4,674
10, 304, 300. 40
3.7
3,733
8,229,771.80
3.1
2,547
5,615,116.20
2.1
1,783
3, 930, 801. 80
1.4
2,920
6, 437, 432. 00
2.4
1,076
2, 372, 149. 60
0.9
909
2,003,981.40
0.7
9,420
20,767,332.00
7.4
125, 455
276,578,093.00
100.0
China
United States
Great Britain ,
British colonies —
Austria-Hungary . .
Italy
Russia
Japan
Switzerland
Netherlands
Dutch East Indies
France
Sweden ,
Spain
All others
Total
1 From Rapport General sur L'Industrie Francaise, Part I, vol. 2, p. 204.
DEVELOPMENTS DURING AND AFTER THE WAR.
Soon after the beginning of the World War, the supply of dyes
from Germany was shut off from other dye-consuming nations.
After exhaustion of the stocks on hand there developed an acute
shortage which threatened the textile and other industries dependent
upon dyes for their operations. The prices of dyes rose to many times
their normal level, and certain colors were not to be obtained at any
price. These conditions stimulated an expansion by existing firms
and the establishment of new firrus, ultimately resulting in the
manufacture of intermediates and dyes on a large scale in the United
States, England, France, and, to a smaller extent, in Italy and Japan.
Developments during the war were greatly hindered by lack of raw
materials on account of the enormous demands for munitions.
PRESENT CONDITIONS AND FUTURE TENDENCIES.
The United States, Great Britain, and France are now producingfrom
80 to 90 per cent of .their own requirements and have exported
significant quantities of dyes to the Far East. Their extensive
progress in dye manufacture during and since the war has broken,
temporarily at least, Germany's monopoly in dye production.
These countries depend upon Germany for a relatively small tonnage
of dyes, and these are largely specialties. The world's post-war capacity
to produce synthetic dyes greatly exceeds the normal requirements and
is now nearly double the pre-war capacity. The newly created dye in-
dustries in the United States, Great Brit in, and Fran e are p otected
by higher tarifi's or by licensed control of imports. On the other hand,
the German dye industry, with cumulative experience, lower manu-
facturing costs in plants built before the war and paid for by pre-war
profits, offers a united front to the world under a powerful combina-
tion known as the I. G (Interessen Gemeinschaf t) . The three Swiss
manufacturers have also formed an amalgamation. Sooner or later
the German dye industry will return to a normal condition and severe
industrial competition will probably follow between it and the dye
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE. 127
industries of the United States, Great Britain, and France. There
has already been severe competition in the Far East markets, where
in 1921 Germany regained most of her trade. Later, it is probable
that the Germans will strive to obtain a commanding place in the
home markets of the newly created industries. As the present export
prices of German dyes are far above the pre-wai* levels, redaction in
prices may be expected. A reduction in the prices of special types
not as yet highly developed in those countries would tend to dis-
courage their production and at the same time prove an entering
wedge for competition with respect to products already made there.
If present protective measures continue in the new dye-producing
nations, Germany is likely to establish factories and seek industrial
affiliations in those countries, as was the case in Italy. The Swiss dye
manufacturers have already established plants in the United States
and Great Britain. Governmental measures, in various ways designed
to stimulate dye manufacturing, will probably play an important part
during the next 5 to 10 years in the United States, Great Britain, and
France.
Another factor, important in the long run, is the progress achieved
in those countries in reducing manufacturing costs and in develop-
ing new dyes, in contrast to the earlier methods of merely imitating
dyes already in existence.
Both reduced costs and new color production hinge largely upon
research, which in turn depends upon a large force of highly trained
chemists and technologists and a comprehensive program covering a
period of years. Furthermore, any nation with a large, self-con-
tained industry will seek an outlet in export trade for many of its
products in order to balance production as well as to avail itself of
a source of revenue. It is unwise to predict the results of the probable
future competition between the dye industries of the United States,
Great Britain, France, and Germany. Many factors are involved
and the final result is problematical. The dye famine during the
World War and the Ruhr occupation suggest the likelihood that
the large industrial nations ^\dll endeavor to retain a considerable
portion of their newly developed dye industries to meet their essential
domestic recjuirements, both in time of peace and for the emergen-
cies of national defense.
The dye industry is intimately associated with the manufacture
of many synthetic organic chemicals, among which are certain syn-
thetic medicinals essential to the public health.
The Swiss Dye Industry.
Switzerland is the only nation without the raw materials, coal
and the products of the coking industry, possessing a well-developed
and flourishing dye industry. Prior to the war its dye industry
ranked second to that of Germany, producing about 7 per cent
of the world's total output. The value of the coal-tar dye exports
from Switzerland in 1913 was over 10 per cent of the toal value
of the exports of these products from Germany. At that time
the Swiss were dependent upon Germany for raw materials required
in the manufacture of dyes. The dye industry of Switzerland is
located at Basel. The four firms now manufacturing were founded
previous to 1887 and the development of dye manufacturing
128 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
paralleled that of the German dye industry. Owing to their con-
structive accomplishments in research and to their efficient produc-
ing and merchandizing organization the Swiss have developed a good
variety of dyes and have distributed them in all important world
markets. During and immediately after the war, in the absence
of German dyes, the Swiss industry had a period of great prosperity.
The three large producers, Sandoz & Co., J. R. Geigy, and the Society
for Chemical Industry, united their interests. The purposes of this
combination, which is to last for 50 years, are: The advantageous
purchase of raw materials, the marketing of finished products, and
the pooling of profits. Branch firms for manufacturing colors have
been established by the Swiss in Great Britain and the United
States. The Swiss dye industry, as before the war, continues to be
a notable factor in international trade.
RAW MATERIALS.
With the exception of salt, Switzerland does not possess coal or
other mineral substances required in the chemical industry. For
this reason dye making in that country does not represent a com-
plete and self-contained industry. Prior to the war the German
and Swiss dyemakers maintained relationships whereby the Swiss
received nearly all their raw materials from the German dyemakers
and participated to a considerable extent in the conventions and
trade agreements of Germany. As Switzerland was entirely de-
pendent upon foreign sources for the raw materials of the industry
the origin of these since the outbreak of the war is of particular
interest.
Official statistics of Switzerland show that Germany supplied,
before the war, the vast majority of the crudes and intermediates
imported by the Basel dye makers. This is illustrated by the
figures for 1910 and 1911, when 83 to 85 per cent of '^coal-tar
derivatives and auxiliary materials used for aniline dye manufacture"
came from Germany, together with about 98 per cent of "aniline
compounds." After the outbreak of the war, demand was made
upon Switzerland by Germany that exportation of dyes to all coun-
tries at war with Germany cease. The German manufacturers of
intermediates, furthermore, notified Swiss dyemakers that unless
dye exports to those countries ceased the supply of raw materials
would be cut off. The German Government informed the Swiss
Government that failure to comply with these demands would
result in an embargo to Switzerland on German chemicals and
medicinals. As a result of the refusal of Switzerland to comply
with these demands the supply of crudes and intermediates from
Germany ceased entirely, or at least was greatly reduced, and the
Swiss were compelled either to seek other sources for their raw
materials or to stop manufacture.
Great Britain was confronted with an acute dye shortage early in
the war and supplied the Swiss manufacturers with crudes and
intermediates, receiving in return finished dyes. The United
States during the war made extensive developments in the produc-
tion of crudes and intermediates, and were able to supply the Swiss
certain materials. France also contributed a portion of the Swiss
requirements. The new sources of raw materials were evident
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE. 129
from Swiss imports of 1917-1918. In 1917, 24 per cent of "coal-
tar derivatives and auxiliary materials used for aniline dye manu-
facture" was imported from Great Britain, and in 1918, 50 per cent.
In 1917 of the "aniline compounds" 45 per cent came from the
United States and 44 per cent from Great Britain. Of the "benzyl
chloride, nitro-benzene, naphthol, etc.," imported, 39 per cent came
from the United States, 33 per cent from France, and about 23 per
cent from Great Britain. In 1918, 60 per cent came from Great
Britain and 31 per cent from France.
Owing to the exclusion of German dyes from the world's markets,
the Swiss dye industry enjoyed a period of unprecedented prosperity
during the war, and in 1920, before German dye manufacturers
were again active in the world's dye markets, Swiss exports reached
the maximum in the history of that industry. Since the war the
Swiss have obtained their crudes and intermediates from several
sources and are no longer dependent upon a single country for
raw materials. This is illustrated by the imports of 1921 and 1922.
In the former year, of the total imports of "coal-tar derivatives
and auxiliary materials used for aniline dye manufacture," about
55 per cent came from the United States, 17 per cent from France,
and 15 per cent from England.
Of the imports of " aniline " in 1922, 65 per cent came from Germany,
23 per cent from Czechoslovakia, and about 8 per cent from Great
Britain. Of the "aniline compounds," 73 per cent came from Ger-
many, 18 per cent from Great Britain, and 6 per cent from France.
Of the "benzyl chloride, nitrobenzene, naphthol, etc.," 57 per cent
came from Germany, 23 per cent from Great Britain, 12 per cent
from France, and 9 per cent from the United States. Detailed
import figures are given at the end of this section in the tables for
crudes and intermediates for the years 1911 and 1922.
The supply of crudes and intermediates from Germany was greatly
diminished after the occupation of the Ruhr. The Swiss, however,
owing to their connections with other countries, were able to obtain
raw materials from France, Great Britain, United States, Italy, and
Poland.
An important Swiss development was the purchase of foreign dye
plants; the Cincinnati Chemical Works, at Norwood and St. Bernard,
Ohio, and the Clayton Aniline Co. (Ltd.), in England. The latter
plant is owned by three Swiss firms and manufactures dyes and
intermediates for them.
SWISS EXPORT TRADE.
Prior to the war the Swiss had a valuable export trade in dyes to
Germany, the United States, Great Britain, British India, Belgium,
China, and Italy. The total quantity of dyes exported by Switzer-
land in 1913 was 19,458,902 pounds, valued at S5,549,752. During
the war the quantity of exports increased and the value showed a
very large increase owing to the great scarcity and consequent high
prices of coal-tar dyes. In 1918, although the quantit}^ of dyes
exported was less, the value was over three times that of the year
1913. In 1920, the year of maximum export of the Swiss dye
industry, the quantity was 23,739,793 pounds, with a value reaching
the high figure of $35,411,115, over six times that of the pre-war
year 1913. In 1921, owing to the widespread business depression.
130
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
the reappearance of German dyes in the world's large markets and
the low prices of reparation dyes, together with the new protective
measures adopted by various foreign countries, the Swiss export trade
showed a large decline to 10,779,612 pounds, valued at $11,654,516.
In 1922, however, owing to increased business activities in the
dye-consuming countries, the exports increased to 16,167,655 pounds,
with a value of $13,042,635. In that year the largest consumers of
Swiss dyes were France, Great Britain, the United States, China,
Japan, and Belgium.
A consideration of the Swiss export trade is not complete without
special mention of indigo. The total exports of indigo in 1913 were
3,950,202 pounds, valued at S754,792. China, the largest consumer
of indigo, received 72 per cent of this quantity. Before the war the
world's production of synthetic indigo was dominated by Germany,
Switzerland being the only competitor. The exports of Germany for
1913, according to official figures, totaled 73,530,024 pounds, with a
value of $12,690,874. Of this China received 47,090,256 pounds,
valued at $6,396,964. In 1917 Swiss exports of indigo totaled
3,246,274 pounds and in 1920, 5,027,149 pounds, 90 per cent of which
was sent to China. In 1921, the year of business depression, the total
exports decreased to 2,607,823 pounds. In 1922, however, the exports
of mdigo showed a large increase, totaling 7,629,680 pounds, valued
at $2,508,441, of which China received 6,822,796 pounds, valued at
$1,896,487. This quantity is 14.5 per cent of the German export
of indigo to China in 1913.
These figures indicate a recent increased capacity of Swiss indigo
plants compared with the pre-war years, and also show the prominence
of the Swiss product in the Far East market.
Table 23. — Imports of intermediates into Switzerland, 1911 and 1922.
1911
1923
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Derivatives of coal tar— carbolineum:
Germany
1,998,470
3,517,660
9,259
1,764
22,928
$17, 690
410
France
Great Britain ,
246
46,076
1,147
Total
2,044,546
$19,689
3,551,611
19,502
Derivatives of coal tar and auxiliary materials for
manufacture of aniline colors:
Germany
5,247,830
104,278
1,695,117
42, 035
Austria
375, 223
493, 610
545,418
940,041
113,0%
50,926
11,684
265, 213
8,850
France
325,619
433,424
15, 814
Great Britain
30, 646
United States
16,552
2, 622
Poland
901
Italy
574
other countries
21, 164
4,998
Total
6,132,315
298,876
4,490,328
122,992
Aniline:
Germany
1,877,437
220
1,820,338
66,579
240, 301
639,554
24,471
96, 361
France
4,998
Great Britain
19, 748
Czechoslovakia
36, 791
Other countries
1,065
Total
1,877,657
167,666
2,791,243
158,964
INTERN ATIOI^AL, DYE TKADE. 131
Table 23. — Imports of intermediates into Sivitzerland, 1911 and i5>.?5— Continued.
1911
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline compounds:
2,116,416
3,307
24,471
507,940
40,785
122,355
4,630
17,416
5,952
$55,637
10,243
23,435
United States
1,065
Italy
4,425
1,323
1,475
Total
2,145,517
$458,216
699,078
96,280
Phthalic acid— resorcin:
122,355
60,926
2,205
48,281
9,997
5,071
51,367
5,071
1,393
4,998
492
Total
175,486
44,653
109,790
16,880
Salicylic acid:
46,738
44,533
11,023
124, 780
55,997
33,510
10,734
6,227
1,393
Total
102,294
14,328
214,287
18,354
1,772,719
57, 099
1,323
441
606,706
36, 136
France
126, 324
249,781
100, 089
36,455
12,373
29,416
4,425
Italy
4,507
Total
1,831,582
237,652
1,060,000
86, 857
Table 24. — Exports of dyes from. Switzerland, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921
Quaintity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Inligo, natural and artificial:
Great Britain
Pounds.
Pounds.
53,792
2,205
68, 863
44,974
22,487
$45,911
5,068
27,949
41.122
12,171
350
33,112
Pouiids.
4,630
46, 297
3,748
14, 991
661
$5,899
12,839
France
1,102
80,247
235, 892
18,739
55, 556
$767-
11,931
37,436
3,601
29, 983
Italy
3,470
Belgium
3,644
174
9,480
Sweden
33,069
8,004
Brazil
14, 109
14,448
5,071
882
5,291
2,646
45, 194
2,845,698
143,960
476, 855
3,314
145
3,212
394
6,742
493,081
84,781
71,401
Spain
6,614
441
'16,297
4,511,714
39, 242
149,692
67,240
15,129
306
21,410
2,176,503
89, 746
68,530
31, 839
26, 676
23,589
56, 879
2,192,916
145,504
62, 807
British India
11,798
East Indies
27, 066
China
1, 124, 627
Japan
344, 398
United States
Egypt
63,713
28,219
31,404
Other countries
19,606
Total
3,950,202
754,792
5,027,149
2,583,595
2,607,821
1,647,730
132 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 24. — Exports of dyes from Switzerland, 1913, 1920, and 1921 — Continued.
1913
1920
1921
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Aniline, anthracene, naphthalene,
and other coal-tar dye.s, n. s. p. f.:
Germany
Pounds.
3,586,223
711,645
309, 967
1,386,032
764, 3.35
169, 975
1,879,202
313,715
188, 052
38,801
157, 849
101,632
175,045
8,157
$1,126,770
211,085
174,238
401,320
211,372
47,310
640, 607
229, 626
59,490
13,237
47, 909
29, 160
61,624
2,885
Pounds.
661
9,700
3,165,585
1,414,030
1,191,807
223, 767
7,572,360
15,212
524,915
32, 628
206,571
98.546
518,301
82,673
2,646
$1,215
13,324
8,267,993
1,793,802
2,596,639
344,230
10,535,726
30, 395
728,078
59,650
323,212
134,065
764,293
153,462
4,515
Pounds.
3,527
18,519
1,485,900
578, 708
496, 476
166, 227
1,376,332
$3, 817
17,871
2,236,762
576,367
446,416
1.53,548
1 831 460
Austria-Hungary
France "...'.
Italy
Belpiura
Holland
Great Britain
Russia
Sweden
100,971
11,905
108,687
47,840
207, 232
17,637
92,823
11 972
Norway
Denmark
118,674
48 407
Portugal
Spain
288 704
Greece
22 902
Mesopotamia
Serbia
441
11,464
882
4,850
20,503
3,968
661
isi
3,701
342
1,157
3,654
1,334
253
1,984
50, 265
25,353
2,425
13,448
2,776
41 987
Bulgaria
47,840
4, 189
24,912
16,535
8, 157
1,323
1,764
74,896
6,464
45,320
30,492
11,624
2,795
2,445
Rumania
20,994
2 256
European Turkey
Egypt
18,565
Algeria and Tunis
South Africa
Straits, etc
Asiatic Turkey
11,905
1,090,175
28, 880
3,037
244,435
5,086
306, 219
4,850
578,026
7,387
645,066
571,509
Siam
3,527
4,685
French Indies
7,0.55
7,937
220
188. 273
324,517
86,420
20, 827
13, 177
324
419,382
678,447
144,062
135
2,699,272
4,826
426,076
351
1,543
240
17,416
26, 372
Philippines
589,069
767,862
144,401
89,528
242,099
41,620
46,517
307,542
94,798
75, 126
Japan
427, 157
Canada
102 365
Cuba
2, 815, 274
800,368
1,447,540
3,086
208,776
220
1,500,451
1,961,071
Colombia
49, 604
9,700
17,722
2,188
80, 247
104, 447
Central America
661
39,021
42,990
7,275
868
Brazil
91,932
53,351
55,605
17,941
402, 780
179, 675
30, 203
1,543
9,0.39
161,597
661
32,628
14,330
104, 057
1,323
24, 912
661
940, 656
327, .383
53, 657
3,302
16, 801
269, 940
1,091
55,854
32,422
166,280
2,684
39, 180
1,343
64,889
Argentina
47,192
Chile
11,798
882
363
Rest of Asia
12,346
3,105
9,700
13,533
Oceania
14,991
327, 163
302, 692
22, 728
Poland
353,593
Czechoslovakia
256,086
Hungary
'
Morocco
8,377
4,418
18, 298
27,066
Total
15,508,700
4, 794, 960
18,712,645
32,827,520
8,171,791
10,006,786
I
INTERN ATIONAIi DYE TKADE.
Table 25. — Imports of dyes into Switzerland, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
133
1913
1920
1921
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Alizarin, artificial:
Germany
Pounds.
505, 074
3,527
$61,903
432
Pounds.
229, 058
$59, 199
Pounds.
221,562
847, 712
Great Britain
Austria
2,425
3,968
785
878
Czechoslovakia
70, 547
1,323
14, 227
174
Others
Total
508, 601
62 335
9.^.'^ i?.^
60, 862
293, 432
62 113
Aniline, anthracene, naphthalene,
and other coal-tar dyes, n. s. p. f.:
Germany
1, 476, 641
220
8,377
5,512
23,148
426, 596
64
2,420
1,092,600
441
95> 4S7
1, 363, 930
534
17,669
1,721
319
726, 467
8,620
1,604
2,406
578, 796
5 379
Austria-Hungary
France
3 123
Italy
1, 592 ' 441
6, 687 441
l'735
Belgium
'l73
Spain
173
Netherlands
441
24, 912
127 1 441
302
Great Britain
7,197
9,480
3,748
10, 362
12,359
907
25,183
1,002
3,207
200
868
521
United States
173
Total
1,539,251
444,683
1, 140, 441
1, 422, 924
743, 506
590 941
Indigo, natural and artificial:
Germany
152, 558
882
24, 040
139
155, 865
61,329
46, 297
15 268
France
Italy
1,102
521
Total
153,440
24, 179
155, 865
61,329
47,399
15 789
'
Table
25a. — Dyes — Imports into and exports from Switzerland, 1922.
Imports.
Exports.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin, artificial:
Germany
132,496
22,266
$23, 830
4,957
Czechoslovakia
Total
154, 763
28, 787
Aniline colors and not otherwise named coal-tar dyes:
Germany
993,393
13, 007
38,801
568, 298
11,057
30, 121
18,078
2,155,437
356, 484
723, 550
1,734,138
163, 802
235, 451
183,643
228,617
1, 568, 132
1, 170, 643
$22,305
France
Italy
Belgium
Great Britain
14,771
8,769
9 4Q4' V>i
Spain
94s 'IQ'i
Sweden
226 671
Czechoslovakia
154 609
Japan
259' 842
United States
2 490 747
Other countries
20,944
8,198
1 1Q9 S'^a
Total
1,080,915
626,443
S "vi? Q7^
Indigo, indigo solution:
Germany
53,285
1,764
16, 394
763
France
9,480
51, 588
64, 595
136,465
52, 469
6, 822, 796
363, 759
128, 528
10, 104
10 866
Belgium
Egypt
35, 268
37 175
British India
East Indies
15' 632
China
1 SQfi' 487
Japan
4'?n S4fi
Other countries
66
382
Total
55, 115
17,539
7,629,680
2,508,441
134 united states tariff commission.
The French Dye Industry.
The manufacture of dyes in France prior to the war was not exten-
sively developed. About 10 to 15 per cent of the consumption was
made in French-owned and operated dye factories.^
The three principal sources of dyes consumed in that period were
(1) imports from Germany, (2) dye-assembling factories in France
controlled by German dye manufacturers, (3) French-owned and
operated factories. Official figures for 1913 show that France
imported 4,706,601 pounds of dyes with a value of $1,416,316. Of
this total quantity about 86 per cent came from Germany and about
9 per cent from Switzerland. The total value of dyes produced in
the German-controlled factories located in France was about
$2,000,000 and the value of the dyes made in French-owned and
operated factories was about $600,000.^
In 1913 only one French firm was capable of manufacturing
intermediates used in the preparation of dyes, namely, the Societe
Anonyme des Matieres Colorantes et Produits Chimiques de St.
Denis, formerly Poirrier. The other dye factories of France, as
was the case in the United States, depended upon intermediates
imported ahnost entirely from Germany. Imported crudes came
largely from Germany and Great Britain (see Table 26). Crudes
from the French gas works were purchased by the German dye
manufacturers and returned to France in the form of interme-
diates. German dye firms operated six branch plants in France.
Leopold Cassella, of Frankfort on the Main, and Die Aktien Gesell-
schaft fiir Anilin Fabrikation, of Berlin, had factories at Lyon;
Die Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik had a branch plant at Neuville-
sur-Saone, the Bayer Co. and Weiler-ter-Meer had factories near
Lille; and Meister Lucius and Briining, of Hochst, had a plant at
Creil. In these branch plants the final steps of dye preparation were
carried out, utilizing intermediates produced in and imported from
Germany. In addition to the German plants, the Swiss firm. Society
of Chemical Industr}^ of Basel, had a branch at St. Fous, and the
Geigy Co., of Basel, operated a branch at Maromme, near Rouen.
These branch plants enabled the foreign dye manufacturers to meet
the French patent requirements on patents taken out by foreign
chemical firms in France. To illustrate the method of operation of
these branch plants: In the case of indigo, the phenyl-glycine com-
pound was manufactured in Germany and converted to indigo in a
branch plant in France. Thus the trade secrets were kept in posses-
sion of the German dye manufacturers and the complex and funda-
mental operations involved in the preparation of the intermediates
were centralized in the big German dye plants. Another fact®r
favoring the operation of branch plants was the French tariff, which
favored the unportation of intermediates rather than dyes, as the
specific duty on the former was considerably lower than the specific
d\ity on dyes. The Germans were also able to ship these dyes, whose
manufacture had been completed in their French plants, to French
colonies, free of duty.
• Eaquete Production Fran^aise et la Concurrence Etrangfere, Vol. Ill, p. 145.
* France Ministfere du Commerce L'Industrie Frangaise, Vol. II, 1919, p. 206.
INTERXATIOXAL DYE TEADE. 135
To reduce further the duty paid on dyes entering France, the
Germans imported highly concentrated dyes to their branch plants,
where they were diluted with salt or dextrin, in some cases up to 500
per cent of their original weight, before shipment to the textile mills
or other dye consumers. That these German-controlled branch plants
were a precarious asset in an emergency became evident within a
few weeks after the outbreak of the war, when they ceased operations
and were no longer able to supply the French textile industry.
Early consideration of the problem of dye production in France
emphasized the necessity of intermediate manufacture and of techni-
cally experienced men for supervision and research. Many of the old
dye plants were used during the war for the manufacture of explo-
sives. Advancement was made, however, in French dye making
during the war. It was far less rapid than the progress made in both
the United States and Great Britain. The simpler types of dyes,
such as azo colors and sulphur dyes, were made to meet the bulk
requirements for military and other uses. Technical information was
exchanged with the dyemakers of Great Britain. The dye shortage
was partly met by increased imports from Switzerland. Toward the
end of the war, and particularly after the signing of the armistice,
the manufacture of dyes progressed more rapidly in both the old and
the newly organized dye-making plants.
The production in 1919^ is estimated at 3,000 metric tons (about
6,600,000 pounds), made up of about 21 per cent indigo, 36 per cent
sulphur dyes, and the remainder principally of azo colors. In 1920,
the year of great business activity, the French production was about
7,400 metric tons, or 16,280,000 pounds. Indigo constituted 40 per
cent of the total output of that year; the azo colors made up 35 per
cent; the sulphur dj-es, 21 per cent; and the di- and tri-phenyl-
methane dyes constituted 1 per cent of the total production. These
were of particular importance to the silk industry. The vat and
alizarin dyes had not appeared. The output in 1921 represented
a better balance on the basis of domestic requirements. The total
approximated 5,900 metric tons, or about 13,000,000 pounds, of
which 45 per cent was indigo and 32 per cent azo dyes. Di- and tri-
phenylmethane dyes increased to 3 per cent, and alizarin appeared
lor the first time, constituting 1.4 per cent of the total output.
The vat dyes, however, were not reported. The average monthly
production in the early part of 1922 was estimated at 670 metric
tons; the di- and tri-phenylmethane colors made up 5 per cent,
alizarin dyes 4 per cent. Imports were estimated at about 15 per
cent of the consumption, indicating that France produced most of
her domestic requirements.
Imports.— As previously stated, the French imports of dyes in
1913 totaled 4,706,601 pounds valued at $1,416,316, made up of
ahzarin, 771,169 pounds valued at $270,046; other dyes derived
from coal tar, 3,847,247 pounds valued at $1,084,510; and indigo,
88,185 pounds valued at $61,760.
The post-war imports consisted of reparation dyes from Germany
in large amounts and the imports of dyes from Germany and Switzer-
land through commercial channels. In 1920 the imports of coal-tar
• The figures on production in France are taken from Chimie et Industrie, 1923 (January), p. 180.
136
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
dyes, dry, were 10,331,638 pounds valued at $12,202,319, and
2,649,708 pounds in paste form, valued at $1,091,909. Full details
of these imports by country of origin and chemical class may be
found in Table 26. Germany was the chief source and Switzerland
was the next largest. In 1921 the imports declined to 2,104,071
pounds, valued at $1,279,905, in dry form and 427,249 pounds, valued
at $260,002, in paste form.
Exports of dyes in 1913 totaled 1,152,134 pounds valued at
$275,716, made up of ''coal-tar dyes other than alizarin," 916,902
pounds, valued at $207,896, of which 63 per cent was shipped to
Indo-China; "indigo paste," 164,023 pounds valued at $17,949,
81 per cent of which went to French colonies; and lastly, ''indigo,"
71,209 pounds, valued at $49,871. The Germans operated and owned
branch plants in France and were able to ship, duty free to the
French colonies, dyes made in France. This undoubtedly accounts
for a considerable part of this export trade.
|: In 1920 and 1921 exports of indigo constituted the greater
part of the total dyes exported. China was the chief consumer.
For 1920, the exports of coal-tar dyes, dry, were 2,019,413 pounds
valued at $3,138,898. Of this quantity 73 per cent was indigo. The
exports of coal-tar dyes in paste form were 4,053,818 pounds valued
at $1,612, 610; of this quantity 98 per cent was indigo. In 1921 the
exports of coal-tar dyes, dry, were 5,567,275 pounds valued at
$1,505,571; of this quantity 4,725,340 pounds was indigo. The fig-
ures for paste dyes were relatively small — 379,856 pounds valued
at $102,737.
Table 26. — Imports of coal-tar crudes and intermediates into France, 1913.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Crudes:
Great Britain. . .
65, 167, 535
84,665,017
467,816
36,267,875
768, 083
1,080,474
1,653,891
27,116
Intermediates:
Great Britain
150,354
7,790,615
198, 414
237, 215
15, 432
25,794
G ermany
Holland .
Belgium
Switzerland
Austria-Hungary
Other countries
Total'
Spain
8,422,233
8,417,824
$1,544,681
Corrected total
Total
190,097,807
$3,744,442
1 Published total incorrect.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE, 137
Table 26a. — Coal-tar dyes — Imports into and exports from France, 1913.
Dye.
Imports.
Exports.
Poimds.
Value.
Poimds.
Value.
Alizarin, artificial:
Great Britain
8, 598
762, 571
Germany
Total
771, 169
$270,046
Other dyes derived from coal tar:
Great Britain
87, 082
3,263,249
30, 864
46,076
410, 276
1,323
40,345
35,053
Germany
Netherlands
B elgium
48,943
19,621
40,565
17, 196
3,307
22,487
3,086
15,873
32, 188
17,857
580,036
22,267
18,078
Switzerland
Italy
British India
Japan
China 1
United States
Algeria
Indo-China
Other foreign countries
8,377
Total
3,847,247
1,084,510
916, 902
$207,896
Indigo:
Great Britain
3,968
1,323
76,280
Germany
11,243
British India
Belgium
7,496
2,425
1,764
8,157
6,173
10,803
23, 148
Greece
Turkey
Other countries
6,614
Total
88, 185
61,760
71,209
49, 871
Indigo paste; indigo in baUs of blue:
2,205
2,866
22,487
133,819
2,646
Switzerland
Other British colonies
164, 023
17,949
52805—23-
-10
138
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
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INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
139
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140 united states takiff commission.
Dye Industry of Great Britain.
Great Britain occupies a peculiar position in regard to the syn-
th3tic dye industry. This very important branch of organic chem-
istry was initiated with the discovery of Mauveine, in 1856, by W. H.
Perkin, and this color was soon produced on a commercial scale.
Researches were subsequently conducted by the Royal College of
Chemistry, and up to about 1875 the manufacture of artificial dyes
prospered in England.
Professor Hofmann and other German chemists, who had familiar-
ized themselves with the research and industrial methods pursued in
England, returned to Germany, where the significance and promise
of this field was fully appreciated. The reasons for the gradual loss
of the dye industry by England and the commercial success of
Germany were many; the chief, however, was the eleborate and ex-
tensive chemical research conducted by German chemists. Other
factors were: (1) The patent laws of both countries were unfavorable
to the British firms, and favored the German manufacturers; (2) tax-
free alcohol in Germany at a critical period enabled the Germans to
produce certain dyes at a lower cost; (3) later, the highly organized
German corporations tnade possible joint action on purchase, ex-
change of materials, patent protection, research, and merchandising
of finished articles.
The position of the British dye industry immediately prior to the
war is indicated by its production, according to estimates, of about
10 per cent of the consumption of Great Britain, whereas about 90 ■
per cent of the dyes used were imported, largely from Germany. The
pre-war consumption of Great Britain is estimated at about 20,000
tons per year and the consumption for 1920 at 25,000 tons. In 1913
the total imports of coal-tar dyes were 41,203,008 pounds, with a
value of S9,207, 684. There were about 6 firms in England manu-
facturing dyes in 1913. Production in 1907 as reported by ''First
Census of Production of the United Kingdom, 1907" (printed 1913),
was 139,000 hundredweight (15,568,000 pounds), valued at £373,000
($1,815,204). The program of the British dyemakers included a
limited variety of acid, direct, basic, sulphur, and certain other
dyes of the simpler types. The position of the British dye manu-
facturers of alizarin, however, was a noteworthy exception. Owing
to the competition oft'ered by English manufacturers, German manu-
facturers were compelled to admit the British to the alizarin con-
vention. In 1882 the British Alizarine Co. (Ltd.) was established
to specialize in the manufacture of alizarin. This concern was
practically owned by the United Turkey Red Co., the Calico Printers
Association, and other consumers of dyes. The British producers of
aniline oil and sulphur black also entered into national conventions
dominated by German influence. H. acid. Gamma acid, and Cleve's
acid of English manufacture were exported to Germany over 20
years ago, showing that the preparation of certain coal-tar products
was well established in Great Britain.
The key to a self-contained dye industry is the manufacture of
intermediates. Any extensive developments in the intermediate
program of the British dye manufacturers were vigorously discouraged
by the Germans who sold such products in England at or below cost.
The sales methods and organization of the foreign dyemakers made
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE. 141
it extremely difficult for the British manufacturer to introduce new
dyes.
German firms owned two dye plants in England. The Ellesmere
Port Works, where final stages of indigo manufacture were carried
out, was operated by Meister, Lucius & Briining, and the Mersey
Chemical Works, where the preparation of certain other dyes was
completed, was owned jointly by three German firms. These fac-
tories were primarily operated in order to comply with the British
patent act of 1907. The essential intermediates were produced in
Germany; hence these dye factories in England in no sense repre-
sented a self-contained dye industry. In the early part of the war
the large textile industry of Great Britain was threatened with a dye
famine. Fortunately the Swiss dyemakers were able to supply
considerable quantities of dyes to Great Britain. Prior to the war
the Swiss dye industry had relied almost entirely upon Germany for
raw materials. Demand was made upon the Swiss by Germany to
cease exportation of dyes to the countries at war with Germany
under threat of stopping shipments of intermediates and chemicals.
The Swiss manufacturers refused to comply with this demand.
Later, the Board of Trade, an English governmental department,
furnished crudes and certain other products to the Swiss, in return
for which England received manufactured dyes. This supply was of
paramount importance to the British textile industry.
Enormous war demands for munitions restricted the supply of
benzene, toluene, phenol, ''mixed acid," and certain chemicals re-
C[uired in the preparation of colors. The early realization of the
importance of the domestic dye industry in the event of a protracted
war led to the organization of the British Dyes (Ltd.) in 1915.
Accordingly, in 1915 ^ British Dyes (Ltd.) was formed, the Government under-
taking to advance on debenture to the company a sum of £1 for every £1 of ordinary
share capital subscribed up to £1,000,000, and thereafter a further pound sterling
for each £4 of additional share capital subscribed up to a maximum of £500,000.
Thus, if the amount originally contemplated was eventually subscribed, the com-
pany would have a capital of £4,500,000 made up of £3,000,000 ordinary capital
held by dye users and £1,500,000 Government debentures. The loan of £200,000
originally promised by the Government to Read Holliday & Sons (Ltd.) for develop-
ment purposes was ultimately confirmed to British Dyes (Ltd.), and consequently
the amount due from the Government on debenture security was raised to £1,700,000.
The latter was to bear interest at 4 per cent per annum and to be repayable in 25
years, the interest for the first 5 years being payable only out of profits and non-
cumulative. The dividend payable by the company was limited to 6 per cent per
annum so long as any portion of the Government advance was outstanding. The
Government also granted to the company the sum of £100,000 for research purposes,
to be paid as and when required over a period of 10 years. There were to be two
Government directors on the board and provision was made in the articles of associa-
tion to secure the permanent British character of the company and to give the Goa-
ernment the right of intervention if the prices charged by the company were unreason-
able or if there were any unreasonable differentiation in the distribution of its products.
The new company acquired, at the outset, the undertaking of Jilessrs. Read Holliday
& Sons (Ltd.), of Huddersfield, and negotiations were entered into for the acquisition
of Messrs. Levinstein (Ltd.), of Manchester, but these negotiations were unsuccessful.
The progress of this new corporation was considerably hindered
by the fact that its capacity to a large extent was utilized for the
manufacture of explosives.
6 Report on dyes and dyestiifls prepared by subcommittee appointed by the standing committee on
trusts.
142 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Messrs. Levinstein (Ltd.), of Manchester, acquired the works of
Messrs. Claus & Co., of Manchester, in 1916, and later, under the
Trading with the Enemy Act, the Ellesmere Port Works, formerly
owned by the German firm of Meister, Lucius & Briining, where the
manufacture of synthetic indigo was finally developed. Levinstein
produced a limited variety of dyes of great importance to the textile
industry. The activities of the British Alizarine Co. were greatly
hindered by the Silvertown explosion in 1917 at an adjoining plant.
Scottish Dyes (Ltd.), of Carlisle, and other firms made notable
progress in the preparation of dyes. In 1918 Great Britain was
producing many of the bulk colors satisfactory for military and
certain other requirements. Very little development had been made,
however, in the production of the more complex and special dyes.
The British Dyestuffs Corporation (Ltd.), formed in July, 1919, con-
trolled both the British Dyes (Ltd.) and Levinstein (Ltd.).
* * * The corporation was formed with an authorized share capital of £10,000,000,
divided into 4,500,000 preference shares of £1 each, 4,500,000 preferred ordinary
shares of £1 each, and 1,000,000 deferred ordinary shares of £1. The Government
subscribed for 850,000 preference and 850,000 preferred ordinary shares in substi-
tution for the loan on debentures to British Dyes (Ltd.) of £1,700,000, to which they
were committed. The vendor companies — (British Dyes, (Ltd.) and Levinstein
(Ltd.) — received 75fi, 481 preference, 727,281 preferred ordinary, and 980,044 deferred
ordinary shares, these latter being in payment for the good will, patent, and other
rights of the two concerns, whilst 2,500,000 preference and 2,500,000 preferred ordinary
shares were offered for public subscription. The new corporation acquired practically
all the shares of British Dyes (Ltd.) and Levinstein (Ltd.).^
This company is reported to have produced about 75 per cent of
the annual output of dyes in the United Kingdom. In 1920 the out-'
put of the concern was about 16,000 tons.^ Brotherton & Co. (Ltd.),
who purchased under the Trading with the Enemy Act the Mersey
Chemical Works, formerly owned by three German dye producers,
developed a variety of wool and cotton dyes. The Clayton Aniline
Co. (Ltd.), jointly owned by three Swiss dye concerns, the Society
of Chemical Industry, theSandoz Chemical Works, and J. & R. Geigy,
developed the production of certain intermediates and dyes. The
developments up to the signing of the armistice in England were not
on so extensive a scale as in the United States. England, however,
developed a number of vat, alizarin, and similar colors with a good
degree of success. The output of the vat colors, however, was not
sufficient to supply the total needs of the textile industry of England.
On May 15, 1918, the President of the Board of Trade stated in the
House of Commons: "In order to safeguard this particular industry,
* * * unportation of all foreign dyestuffs shall be controlled by
a system of licenses for a period of not less than 10 years after the
war." This policy was, in fact, put into effect during February, 1919,
by royal proclamation, but came to an end in December, 1919, when
a decision was rendered in a test case by Justice Sankey to the effect
that there was no adequate legal basis for such control. During the
following year large quantities of German and foreign-made dyes
were imported. These were so great that the existence of the do-
mestic dye industry was seriously menaced, resulting in the
' Report on dyes and dj'estulfs prepared by subcommittee appointed by the standing committee on
trusts.
« Ibid.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
143
passing in December, 1920, of the ''Dyestuffs Import Regulations
Act," under the terms of which importation of synthetic organic
dyes, colors, and coloring matters and of organic intermediates used
in the manufacture of any such dyes, colors, or coloring matters was
prohibited except under license. The licensing committee was com-
posed of five representatives of the dye consumers, three representa-
tives of the dye manufacturers, and three neutral members, of whom
one was chairman. The act also provided for the appointment of a
committee to advise with the Board of Trade on the efficient and
economical development of the dye-making industry.
Table 29. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into the United Kingdom, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarine and anthracene dye-
stuffs:
Germany
6,755,280
55,776
$1,319,400
5,480
Other foreign countries
Total
6,811,056
1,324,880
Aniline and naphthalene:
Germany
28,966,448
71,008
144,032
2,479,792
37,744
6,727,829
19,685
39,399
711,861
8,020
Netiierlands
Belgium
Switzerland
Other foreign countries
Total
31,699,024
7,506,794
Synthetic indigo:
2,675,456
373,168
1,185,072
49, 504
352,016
3,696
12,544
$627,932
83,158
338,412
3,473
22,300
776,272
2, 128
19,152
112
2,464
$401,370
1 156
Netherlands...
Belgium
8 031
Switzerland
135
Other foreign countries
112
6S
2,454
Total
2,675,568
373,236
1,602,832
1,075,275
800, 128
413,146
Other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
16,464
2,643
7,550,480
2,113,440
1,080,240
6,474,832
1,730,624
94,976
10,753,5-30
3,353,550
1,116,415
7,239,226
1,931,920
57,982
2,544,416
41,440
17,248
1,862,112
67,424
25,536
2,058,609
37 522
Netherlands
Belgium
26 144
Switzerland
2,688,238
57 429
United States
Other foreign countries
896
131
21,344
Total foreign countries. .
Total British possessions. .
17,360
2,774
19, 044, 592
33,488
24,452,623
39, 524
4,558,176
10,192
4,889,286
2,053
Total
19,078 080
24,492,147
4,568,368
4,891,339
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarine dyes:
Germany
1,151,584
159,600
19,824
13,216
$1,614,278
360,287
17,081
14,465
1,240,736
7,056
68,320
1,680
$532,956
9,256
79 043
United States
Other foreign countries
4 314
Total foreign countries . .
1,344,224
560
2,006,111
1,061
Total British possessions
Total
1,344,784
2,007,173
1,317,792
625,569
144
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 30. — Total coal-tar dyes — Imports into and exports from the United Kingdom
1920-1922.
1920
1921
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Imports:
Alizarine
1,344,784
1,602,832
19,078,080
13,791,680
$2,007,174
1,075,274
24,492,149
9,385,429
1,317,792
800, 128
4,568,368
7,621,600
$625,569
413, 146
4,891,339
5,033,828
1,275,344
572,768
4,602,080
$268,407
13,321
Indigo synthetic
Other sorts
5,591,432
Exports
Table 31. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from the United Kingdom, WIS, 1920, and 1921.
1913
Pounds.
A^alue.
Dyestuffs, products of coal tar:
Russia
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Switzerland
Spain
Italy
Japan i
United States
Brazil
Other foreign countries
Total to foreign countries.
Total to British possessions
Grand total
68,768
$4,900
400, 288
98,951
132,272
13,008
153,328
25,364
88,480
28,566
50,288
10,857
53,424
14,152
620, 032
80,919
236,880
35,832
1,778,336
286,170
59,6%
22,639
312,368
46,314
3,954,160
667,702
1,497,216
194,864
5,451,376
862,566
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin s;
France
24,752
19,712
40,656
60,928
37,184
$9,071
8,570
22,629
13,799
24,367
17,808
$8,582
Turkey '
United States
48,720
26,544
68,880
27,380
Brazil
5,847
31,629
Other foreign countries
Total foreign countries
183,232
570,080
68,656
78,436
189,896
25,106
161,952
1,913,632
17,808
73,438
British India
622, 145
Other Britisli possessions
11,082
Total
821,968
293,438
2,093,392
706,665
Indigo synthetic: ^
Netherlands
17,248
36,400
1,112,048
50,400
14,765
23,610
697, 470
20,177
21,168
56, 000
1,955,744
9,408
11,417
Spain
32, 292
China
1,247,420
5,774
Other foreign countries
Total foreign countries
1,216,096
145,712
112,112
750, 022
94,377
74,646
2,042,320
22, 288
22, 288
61,936
55,216
1,296,903
14,483
9,580
28,917
Egypt
Canada
Australia
Other British possessions
73,696
41,163
37, 592
Total
1,547,616
966,209
2,204,048
1,387,475
' Including Formosa and Japanese leased territories in China.
2 Alizarin and indigo were included in "Dyestuffs and products of coal tar'' prior to 1920.
» Exported to ports or places in territory formerly Turkish but now occupied by other powers.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE. 145
Table 31. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from the United Kingdom — Continued.^ ".
1920
Pounds.
Value.
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Other dyestuffs obtained from coal tar:
Russia
Sweden
Norway
Denmarlf
Germany
Netiierlands
Belgium
France
Switzerland
Portugal
Spain
Italy
China<
J apan 5
United States
Brazil
Otherforeign countries
Total foreign countries
India
Australia
Canada
Other British possessions
Total
43,456
86,240
35, 168
48,608
13,552
506,688
1,420,048
606, 032
718,032
458,416
398, 832
809,760
562,576
307,888
348, 096
140,672
274,624
6,778,688
2,411,360
955, 920
1,006,208
269,920
11,422,096
J18,322
1 13,438
40,351
33,248
11,739
322,414
759,275
401,670
249, 945
291,079
284,646
506,308
541,064
253, 048
341,896
165,576
183,459
3,808
5,152
10,416
9,072
44,352
157, 584
151,200
174,384
17,920
25,312
28,896
103,824
57,568
354,480
48,832
49, 056
4,517,478
1,930,478
1,000,661
474,630
202,535
1,241,856
964,544
540,512
302,064
275, 184
8,125,782
3,324,160
1,375
4,807
4,738
1,132
19,780
81,217
53, 165
93,419
24, 121
22,792
20,843
142,609
94,778
390, 716
41,120
34,032
1,030,733
868,561
628,512
187, 230
224,652
2,939,688
* Exclusive of Hongkong, Macao, and leased territories.
6 Including Formosa and Japanese leased territories in China.
Table 32. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Argentina, 1913, 1919, and 1920.
1913
1919
1920
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline color:
Brazil
243
51
$112
23
11,254
266,909
6,850
64
328
702,419
5,192
88,572
6,839
107,813
$4 546
Germany
466,425 j $174,728
7,776 3.130
103,393
Belgium
2,603
Bolivia
Spain
United States
417
231
996
151
101
327
15,104
4,407
1,383
10,392
18
24
507,748
23,128
27,099
18, 591
57,611
1,365
8
11
198,716
10,718
11,973
8,456
26,298
486
28
135
354 565
France
Italy
United Kingdom
38,215
10,262
3,677
30,185
2,189
37,227
2,726
Switzerland
46 009
Other countries
Total
558, 184
"jm 70-^
635,877
256,801
1,205,780
461 818
Indigo:
Germany , .
2,599
90
1,677
59
4
64
4
Bolivia
88
24
61
17
92
144
44
United States
France
583
112
357
474
62
243
United Kingdom
73 208
36
Total
3,354
2 166 1 5.s;5!
314
604
327
146
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 33. — Coal-tar dyes — Imports into and exports from Austria, 1920, 1921.
Coal tar or aniline colors: Pounds.
Germany 1, 626, 113
Switzerland 7, 716
Imports.
1920
Czechoslavakia.
Hungary
France
Great Britain . .
Italy.
Turkey ,
Netherlands
Poland
Yugoslavia
Rumania
Other countries .
Total - - - 1, 676, 598
25, 794
10, 582
6,393
1921
Pounds.
3, 405, 8S6
18, 298
6,393
1,323
3,732
Exports.
1920
Pounds .
5,291
4,850
109,348
65,036
20, 723
33, 290
88,625
2,425
3,527
8,818
188, 934
50, 706
5,071
3, 437, 632
586, 644
1921
Pounds.
6,834
220
46,297
120, 592
3,527
88, 404
20, 723
75, 177
9,039
370, 813
Table 34. — Coal-tar dyes — Imports into and exports from, Austria-Hungary, 1913.
Imports.
Exports.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin, alizarin colors, synthetic indigo:
1,102
1,320,114
246,695
882
1,102
5,291
221
882
1,543
1,543
1, 323
6,173
$193
4,176,835
1,102
$1,074,769
284
230, 502
43, 075
154
Italy
4,6.30
1,191
192
924
39
154
269
269
231
1,078
1, 323
340
Total
4, 183, 890
1,076,584
1,586,871
277, 080
Azo and sulphur colors:
221
9, 747, 859
17,857
24,912
1,984
8,378
441
488,980
38
1,702,051
3,118
4,350
346
1,463
77
85, 380
41, 446
7,046
882
150
Italy
1,543
4,409
882
262
750
150
Total . .'
10,290,632
1,796,823
49, 162
8,358
All other coal-tar dyes:
2, 546, 533
441
10, 141
4,630
441
129, 631
2,425
702, 070
121
2,796
1,276
121
35, 739
669
425, 047
3,527
11,905
39, 903
2,425
8,377
661
3,748
13,669
221
7,275
661
661
33, 289
5,060
1,323
32,408
1,543
5,291
2,425
2,646
221
98, 825
820
2,768
Italy
9,278
564
1,948
154
871
3,178
51
1,691
Montenegro
154
154
7,740
1,025
308
7,535
359
Turkey in Europe
1,230
564
615
51
2, 694, 242
742,792
601,635
139, 883
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
147
Table 35. — Indigo, natural or artificial — Imports into and exports from Belgium, 1913,
1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Imports:
Germany
28, 171, 067
19,090
589
$4,932,428
3,342
721
382, 708
213, 165
$35, 120
25,673
France
1,268
15, 433
13,521
$112
Netherlands
747
Great Britain
107,655
48,964
34,235
2
52, 838
17,977
807
1
10,964
Switzerland
60,633
1,252
i2,739
1,072
Italy
1,583
149
Other countries
Total
28,252,631
4,950,302
786,729
132,416
31,805
11 972
Exports:
Great Britain
46,641
18,335
32, 145
22 559
Argentina
54,6.54
9,569
34,612
4, 132, 756
35, 165
20, 033
18S, 876
Australia
197, 6S2
23,603,821
200, 839
114,419
1,078,748
China
209,986
33,397
Eg>-pt
United States
British India
Japan
5,434
3,156
397
75
64,088
11, 221
Netherlands
2,132
2,994
66
1 419
2 092
Other countries
115, 499 20. 223
' 78
'
Total
25,429,750
4, 452, 455
278,024
64,078
37, 734
26 223
Table 36. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Brazil, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline or fuchsine dj'es:
Germany
869, 787
26
154
992
3, 503
35,038
55
40,860
13
$517,700
43
Argentina
1
Austria-Himgary
101
630
2,6.59
17,942
6
33, 158
57
1
Belgium
France
Great Britain
Italy
Switzerland
Uruguay
United States
Total
950,428
572,297
1,387,017
$2, 099, 488
1, 134, 575
$1, 010, 550
Indigo and ultramarine blue:
Germany
36.5,690
3,968
46,474
137, 646
228, 077
14, 912
37,967
171
3,792
16, 168
30, 571
1,337.
Austria-Hungary
Belgium
France
Great Britain
Other countries
Total
796,767
90,006
1,282,153
320, 229
501, 516
95 036
148
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 37. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Canada , fiscal years ended March 31, 1913,
1920-1922.
1913 j 1920
1921
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline and other
coal-tar dyes solu-
ble in water (in-
cludinfj alizarin and
artificial alizarin);
United Kingdom
United States
439, 673
665, 560
600
46, 267
1,141,792
2,665
114,863
$77, 230
209, 457
188
10,611
228,468
743
28,378
843, 567
2,065,706
$497,397
2, 030, 026
307,686
1,383,611
$221,040
1, 267, 849
249,063
1,451,891
$131,281
915, 443
Germany
2,262
13,223
98,089
480,731
130, 190
244,866
Switzerland
Othercountries. .
8i,5oi
21
143, 536
208
117,903
58,698
i48, 418
78,689
115,629
317,835
105, 167
247,388
Total
2,411,420
555, 075
2,993,057
2,684,390
1,965,987
2, 196, 727
2,264,608
1, 644, 145
Indigo:
United States
Germany
32,013
81, 187
6,728
16,770
332
296
7,915
4,212
339
514
Total
113,200
23, 498
332
296
7,915
4,212
339
514
Indigo paste and ex-
tract:
United Kingdom
United States
Germany
Other countries . .
79,335
197,563
44,800
64, 883
122,991
17,914
6,708
45,272
200
3, 645
14, 590
2,749
34,464
74,432
3,969
11,872
54, 450
11,431
36,027
11,972
28,604
7,638
. Total
108,896
15,841
321, 698
205,788
52, 180
20,984
101,908
48,214
Table 38. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into China, 1913, 1919-1921.
SYNTHETIC INDIGO.
From—
1913
1919
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
40, 000
13, 634, 796
$6, 156
2, 557, 003
300,800
$178, 205
Netherlands
Belgium ■
24, 681, 060
2, 358, 399
3, 656, 631
423,393
4,000
1, 246, 400
11,632
France
895, 028
S witzerland
Japan
1,733
266
263, 867
635, 467
61, 867
213, 255
United States
474, 497
Another
1, 930, 286
394,687
56, 308
42, 646, 256
36, 267
7, 038, 137
5,932
2, 512, 399
6,400
1, 82S, 925
Reexported abroad
4,871
Total net imports ^
42,609,989
7, 032, 205
2,505,999
1, 824, 054
Hongkong
Fr ench Indo-China
Siam
Great Britain
Norway
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Switzerland
Italy
Austria-Hungary
Korea
Japan ("including Formosa)
Canada
United States
Gross Imports.
Reexported ,
Net imports.
1920
Pounds.
524, 000
2,400
45, 600
1, 476, 800
5,333
2, 876, 666
1, 602, 666
1, 765, 866
2,917,199
3, 334, 533
41, 733
533
198, 267
42, 400
5, 979, 332
Value.
257, 436
1,885
10, 368
1,147,238
5,166
3, 242, 122
1, 406, 532
1,455,312
2, 292, 991
3, 460, 210
36, 858
744
139, 706
22,117
5, 543, 398
20, 813, 328
61, 200
19, 028, 083
48, 055
20, 752, 128 ! 18, 980, 028
1921
Pounds.
1, 715, 200
14, 400
2,643.066
2, 376, 133
2, 395, 733
2, 146, 799
5, 165, 999
1, 521, 200
66, 133
35, 333
3, 347, 732
21, 427, 728
394, 667
Value.
80, 771
6,731
1,470,180
1,411,414
1, 448, 734
1, 071, 372
2, 687, 056
979, 923
48, 932
10, 934
1, 989, 055
11, 805, 102
207, 443
11, 597, 659
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
149
Table 3S.— Imports of coal-tar— China, 1913, i9?0-i9fi— Continued.
ANILINE.
Hongkong
Dutch Indies.
Great Britain.
Germany
Netherlands..
Belgium
France
Switzerland...
Japan
Canada
United States.
All other ,
From —
Direct gross imports.
Reexported abroad
Total net imports.
1913
$398, 084
191, 126
1,596,693
175, 829
1, 502, 975
47, 560
11, 493
479
37,723
3, 961, 962
18,633
3, 943, 329
1919
$321, 029
51, 441
50, 040
439, 613
1, 145, 646
182, 328
2, 318, 090
40, 214
4, 548, 401
318, 746
4, 229, 655
1920
$1,
002, 843
408, 611
402, 482
519, 967
022, 234
039, 256
43, 579
482, 542
352, 793
61, 143
543,185
21,964
, 900, 599
315, 038
9, 585, 561
UNCLASSIFIED DYES.
1920
Pounds.
Value.
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Hongkong
Macao
French Indo-China
Siam
Singapore Straits, etc.
Dutch Indies
British India
Great Britain
Sweden
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
France
Italy
Russia, Amur ports .. .
Russia, Pacific ports . .
Korea
Japan
Philippine Islands
Canada
United States
Direct gross imports.
Reexported
Net imports.
9, 468, 131
111,600
1, 505, 333
45, 333
441, 600
590, 512
4,303
30, 012
3,329
22, 734
49, 333
134, 667
8,000
131, 867
18, 800
13, 867
185, 333
9,991
42, 920
3,720
16
57, 886
9,149
3,210
37, 233
13, 249, 863
144, 133
1, 312, 933
1,867
717, 066
25, 867
113, 600
75, 600
66, 667
933
2,800
1, 328, 533
4, 935, 035
140
1,114
25, 439
854, 747
292, 400
168, 277
18, 673, 595
271, 867
500, 667
15, 333
67,200
241, 200
8,533
12, 933
272, 533
1, 848, 666
7, 688, 265
2,000
125, 467
1, 864, 732 26, 490, 393
94, 176 584, 267
18, 401, 728
1, 770, 556 25, 906, 126
$503, 871
3,261
17,083
426
32, 811
1,340
5,584
16, 009
12, 464
21
99, 384
2,865
14, 146
50, 469
2,931
2,105
17, 557
38, 625
815, 295
3
869
58, 189
1, 695, 308
73, 618
1, 621, 690
Table 39. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into the Dutch East Indies, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin dyes, dry:
Netherlands
272,985
3,307
104,785
$85,618
1,037
32,864
19,489
$16,626
34,337
$31,941
Great Britain
G ermany
20,004
17,066
32,409
2,756
30 149
Other countries
2,564
Total
381,077
119,519
39,493
33,692
69, 502
64 654
Alizarin dyes, wet:
Netherlands
425,311
2,535
530, 846
93, 065
555
116,157
270,152
1,168
318,873
37,037
109,962
476
129,794
15,076
192,858
59,260
302,650
39,683
78 066
Great Britain
23 987
Germany
122' 507
16,063
Japan
Total
958,692
209,777
627,230
255,308
594,451
240 623
150
UNITED STATES TAPJEF COMMISSION.
Table 39. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into the Dutch East Indies, 191S, 1920. and 1921 —
Continued.
1913
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Synthetic indigo, wet:
United States
661
33, 069
302,288
329, 870
$452
22,602
206,610
225,462
Switzerland
Netherlands ;
$162,227
264,375
688
461,515
514,234
$408,873
455 579
Germany
France
Great Britain
35,256
24,097
25,979
24,471
23,016
21 680
Singapore
Total
427,290
701, 144
479,223
1,026,199
909 148
Synthetic indigo, dry: i
Netherlands
21,632
19,480
30,340
27, 322
10,483
21,934
13,344
1,001
12,650
26 467
Germany
Great Britain
16 103
Other countries
1^208
Total
41,112
57,662
46,762
56 428
Aniline colors, wet and dry:
Netherlands
317,989
4,418
233,529
25, 124
141,421
8,768
2,416
57,984
806
42,583
4,581
25,787
1,599
440
271,338
3,869
157, 093
29,894
9,050
35, 108
7,269
308.916
4,613
187,300
35,643
10,790
41,699
8,666
192, 845
64 940
Great Britain
Germany
216,575
5,055
10,702
72 931
1702
Singapore
3 604
Other countries
3,962
1 334
Tot>d
733, 665
133,780
513,621
697,627
429, 139
114,511
' 1913 dry indigo included in wet figures.
Table 40. — Coal-tar dyes — Imports into and reexports of dyes from Egypt, 1913, 1921,
and 1922.
1913
1921
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Poonds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
IMPORTS.
Synthetic indigo:
United Kingdom
75, 521
27,028
30, 412
496,934
56,365
1,131
4,619
56
$34, 850
10,768
13,530
385, 769
18,308
603
2,402
4
Belgium
12, 831
11,649
558, 740
27,419
110
83,824
3,334
France ,
Germany
1,108,801
$338, 048
407, 425
9,266
Switzerland
Syria
94
United States
Other Countries
20
67
Total
1, 108, 801
338, 048
692, 066
466,234
610,769
424, 010
Other coal-tar dyes:
United Kingdom
161,641
15, 889
12,657
2
2,736
5,373
98,296
16, 177
752
2,950
531
13,237
4
3,248
3,126
76,090
19,880
1,557
5, 282
936
8,635
2
12,686
844
183,469
28,007
459
1,658
4,925
6,666
Australia and New Zealand
Belgium
32,474
11,980
333,421
16,920
4,326
1,488
54,296
2,393
3,716
France
634
Germany
111,873
Switzerland
25,658
Syria
652
United States
2,182
Other countries
87, 212
11,311
2,501
Total
643,648
89, 703
139, 474
1,105
3,283
123,360
4,324
12,846
240,685
359
2,666
153, 882
RE-EXPOKTS.
Synthetic indigo
180
Other coal tar dyes
603
interim ati01s7al dye teade. 151
Monthly Production of Dyes in Germany, February, 1920, to
March, 1923.
Beginning with February, 1920, detailed statements of one-quarter
of the monthly production (this portion is required by the peace
treaty [Annex VI, Part II] to be reserved for optional purchases of the
allied and associated governments) of dyes in Germany were made
to the Reparations Commission. Copies of these monthly state-
ments from February, 1920, to March, 1923, inclusive, have been
received by the Department of State, which has given permission for
their publication by the Tariff Commission. A summary of these
reserved stocks, showing the monthly reserve for each class of dyes,
according to application, is shown in Table 43.
Production of dyes in Germany during the first year after the sign-
ing of the armistice was practically negligible compared with the
pre-war output, when her exports (in 1913) were nearly 240,000,000
pounds. During February, 1920, the quantity of dyes reserved by
German plants for the Allies totaled 876,449 pounds, indicating a
total output of over three and one-half million pounds for that
month. A progressive increase is shown for each following month,
reaching a maxunum reservation of 3,026,247 pounds in August, 1920,
corresponding to a total output of 12,000,000 pounds monthly.
During the remainder of 1920 the fluctuations with amount re-
served varied from a minimum of 2,674,710 pounds in December to a
maximum of 2,978,806 pounds in November. The total quantity of
dyes reserved by the German plants from February to December,
1920, inclusive, was 25,842,201 pounds, corresponding to a produc-
tion of 103,368,804 pounds.
The production reserve during 1921 amounted to 29,110,554
pounds, corresponding to a total production of 116,442,216 pounds
for that year by the German dye plants. During 1921 the monthly
reservation for the allied and associated governments varied from
a minimum of 1,976,094 pounds in February to a maximum of
3,494,165 pounds in December.
The reservation for 1922 totaled 48,201,641 pounds. This is
equivalent to a total output of 192,806,564 pounds for the year, an
increase of 76,364,388 pounds over that of 1921. The month of
maximum output in 1922 was November, with a total reservation of
4,726,548 pounds; the minimum output was in April, with a reserva-
tion of 3,317,420 pounds.
The reservation of the first three months of 1923 was 12,298,043
?ounds, equivalent to a total output of 196,768,688 pounds per year,
n 1913 the total exports of dyes from Germany were 239,598,133
pounds and the annual consumption of that country is variously
estimated from thirty-three to fifty-five million pounds. Using
maximum consumption figures, the production of that year approxi-
mates 295,000,000 pounds; consequently, the 1922 output is about
65 per cent of the pre-war output.
As previously stated, Germany, before the war, dominated the
world's markets, producing three-fourths of the total dyes made.
Over one-half of the dyes made outside of Germany were made from
primary or intermediate products of German origin. Switzerland,
which held second place, was entirely dependent upon Germany for
152
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
all materials. In England and France the dye factories were to a
large extent owned and operated by German dye manufacturers.
Since the outbreak of the war large developments in the manufac-
ture of dyes have been made in the United States, Great Britain,
and France, and as a result these countries now produce from 80
to 90 per cent of their consumption, and have, in addition, ex-
ported dyes in significant quantities. Italy also has developed a
dye industry. Each of these countries has adopted new tariff
protective measures. Great Britain has adopted a license system
of imports for dyes and fine chemicals. This industrial development
has resulted in the loss of a large part of the German dye export
trade, and Germany no longer possesses a monopoly of the world's
trade in dyes.
The dye industry of that country, however, has the advantage of
years of experience, low production costs, and a larger variety of
dyes than is made by any other country. In addition, it has a
unified organization ifor both production and merchandizing. The
extensive developments since the war have resulted in an ap-
proximate doubling of the world's pre-war capacity to manufac-
ture synthetic dyes, and it is highly probable that a period of
severe competition will follow and that Germany will make special
efforts for reclaiming some of her past trade in the world's markets.
China is the largest consumer of dyes, followed by the United States,
and it is to be expected that Germany will make particular effort to
reclaim a portion of these two important markets. In China and
the Far East she has already regained since 1920 a large part
of her export trade. The Ruhr occupation in 1923 has hindered to a
certain extent Germany's exports of dyes, consequently the other
dye-producing nations have ootained a portion of that trade.
Table 41. — One-quarter production in German dye plants ^ reserved for purchase of
allied and associated governments, February, 1920, to March, 1923.
[Pounds.]
Group.
Classification of colors.
1920
February.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
I
Alizarin red
28,629
33, 203
15,346
3,135
17, 240
262, 123
63,402
149, 827
61,313
19,912
163, 822
56, 958
1,539
100, 347
124, 258
9,361
79,070
306, 371
19, 577
3,307
40,622
400, 221
54,586
265, 094
95,605
72, 2S9
235, 423
156, 163
85, 527
124,401
338,318
62,183
9,489
54,643
451, 138
44,687
360, 192
132, 287
106, 555
190, 515
150,085
89,672
241, 194
291,294
41,786
11,329
92,022
541,534
88, 131
419, 842
182,647
124,035
305,979
170, 742
206,251
II
543,747
III
IV
Vat colors, except Indan-
threne blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than
red
72, 595
14,420
V
22, 862
346,301
51,495
202, 819
91, 257
44, 374
149, 452
164,229
12, 599
63,411
VI
VII
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotiza-
tion
694,700
126,983
VIII
IX
X
Acid colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Basic colors
512, 594
195,246
126,723
XI
Sulphur colors
323,170
XII
Lake colors
136,196
XIII
Intermediate products
Total
1
876,449
1,319,354
1,813,855
2, 114, 165
2,510,535
3,016,045
' Peace Treaty, Annex VI, Part II.
INTERNATIONAL, DYE TRADE.
153
Table 41, — One-quarter production in German dye plants reserved for purchase of
allied and associated governments, February, 1920, to March, 1923 — Continued.
Classification of colors.
1920
Total
Group.
August.
Septem-
ber.
October.
Novem-
ber.
Decem-
ber.
for 11
months,
1920.
I
Alizarin red
210,328
777,774
54,828
9,370
69,612
573,004
113,973
469,589
200,504
144, 595
291, 832
110,838
198,632
642,729
62,608
16,043
88,658
593,694
95,439
492,647
208,760
163,661
285, 804
73,565
215,028
426,599
84,366
1,131
58,440
666, 239
117,562
487,131
216, 057
151, 145
262, 744
92,690
235,775
635,419
88,440
3,554
59,698
648,946
117,653
518,041
163,304
139,805
276,510
91,661
191,066
373,803
66, 938
21, 867
42,306
600, 257
103,409
486,258
221,272
164,207
320,659
79,668
1 830 721
II
Indigo paste
4' 493' 515
ni
IV
V
Vat colors, except Indan-
threne blue GCD
Indantlirene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than
red
578,028
93,645
609,514
5,778,166
977,320
4,364,034
1,771,252
1, 257, 301
VI
VII
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotiza-
tion
VIII
IX
X
Acid colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Basic colors
XI
Sulphur colors
2,805,910
XII
Lake colors
1,282,795
Total
3,026,247
2, 922, 240
2,779,132
2, 978, 806
2, 674, 710
25, 842, 201
Group.
Classification of colors.
1921
January.
February,
March.
I
137,999
630, 621
50, 150
1,7.59
43,563
512,056
132,239
479,602
154,342
128, %2
285,498
112,305
35,077
529,970
69,754
2,811
12,560
350, 355
52,589
358, 821
98,764
1.59,426
207,532
98,435
74, 103
II
608, 849
III
53,797
IV
Tndanthrenc blue GCD
2,917
V
22, 090
VI
421,938
VII
52, 128
VIII
390, 547
IX
106,751
X
Basic colors . .
153,423
XI
204,609
XII
Lake colors
91,936
Total
2,669,096
1,976,094
2,183.088
Group.
Classification of colors.
1921
April.
May.
June.
luly.
August.
September.
I
Alizarin red
88,063
366,405
86,919
2,370
18,322
423,063
63,268
430, 140
131,205
155,415
252,771
76,773
91,797
556,210
110,001
2,037
16,698
410,545
47,668
390,589
120,986
1.36,478
255,745
71,431
124,953
474, 174
97,483
9,793
32,491
366, 588
72,426
401,991
95,631
124,919
277,676
93.435
120,744
552,056
86,550
8,415
35,904
379, 143
48,618
365,609
100,351
101,180
331,292
63,5.34
200, 817
526, 110
95,547
11,424
25,335
472, 106
61,705
3.53,545
110,658
100,968
308,794
45,543
166,077
II
Indigo paste
411.325
III
IV
V
Vat colors, except Indan-
threne blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than
red ...
84,802
4,575
23,325
VI
VII
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotiza-
tion
466,577
83.819
VIII
IX
X
Acid colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Basic colors
381,451
153,046
76,960
XI
Sulphur colors
389,989
XII
Lake colors
62,071
Total
2,094,744
2,210,185
2,171,463
2,193,396
2,312,552
2,304,017
Group.
Classification of colors.
1921
Total.
October.
November.
December.
1
141,773
425,475
89,985
8,212
16,219
455,951
105,589
404,546
148,6%
106,634
480,305
65,739
266,741
394,235
74,088
4.685
26,524
643, 525
114,454
.538, 526
207,312
133,217
534, 970
114,353
281,104
671,856
93,473
2,205
26,978
624,43?
128, 356
.573,456
245,473
148,028
573,8.53
124.950
1,729,148
II
Indieo paste
6,147,286
III
IV
Vat colors, except Indantbrone blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GCD
992,579
61,203
V
Alizarin colors other than red
300,009
VI
Direct colors for cotton
5,526,280
VII
%2, 859
VIII
Acid colors for wool
5.068,823
IX
Chrome colors for wool
1,673,215
X
Basic colors
1.525,610
XI
Sulphur colors
4,103,034
XII
Lake colors
1,020,508
Total
2,449,124
3,052,630
3,494,165
29,110,55
52805—23-
-11
164
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 41. — One-quarter production in German dye plants reserved for purchase oj
allied and associated governments, February, 1920, to March, 1923 — Continued.
Classification of colors.
Alizarin red
Indigo paste
Vat colors, except Indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than red
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotization
Acid colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Basic colors
Sulphur colors
Lake colors
Total
1922
January. February. March
332,734
634,808
76,340
2,205
33,336
596,269
132,655
601,208
238,073
135, 757
525,361
133,063
3,441,i
254, 168
703,808
103,274
32,388
581,133
105,777
570, 828
232,484
144,952
573,325
125,005
3,427,142
209, 823
822,046
119,073
1,508
25, &31
729, 861
113,116
666,860
292,206
189,797
706,887
124,151
4,001,159
Classification of colors.
1922
April.
May.
June.
July.
August.
Alizarin red
Indigo paste
Vat colors, except indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than red
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotization
Acid colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Basic colors
Sulphur colors
Lake colors
Total
135, 160
686, 030
62,754
3,115
28, 693
654,984
106, 312
555, 680
232, 169
174, 734
543, 890
133, 899
139, 690
823, 568
93,237
194,397
936, 772
69, 577
130, 726
861, 664
96,367
199, 358
1,135,649
142, 100
60, 075
869, 232
126, 577
736, 861
339, 755
218, 882
752, 456
156, 449
53, 029
805, 594
159, 981
679, 960
252, 700
191,216
692, 288
130, 473
44, 308
820, 821
99, 388
570, 835
194, 183
184,904
710, 602
131, 108
43,446
884,411
112, 349
692, 262
246, 410
203, 659
750, 805
142. 691 ■
3, 317, 420
4, 316, 782
3, 844, 906
4, 553. 140
Classification of colors.
1922
Septem-
ber.
October.
Novem-
ber.
Decem-
ber.
Total.
Alizarin red
Indigo paste
Vat colors, except indanthrene blue GCD .
Indanthrene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than red
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotization
Colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Basic colors j
Sulphur colors
Lake colors
200, 224
1,011,931
93, 995
200, 511
899, 4%
88, 146
45, 706
854, 069
127, 673
725, 181
318,077
226, 234
671,420
145, 859
43, 739
842, 340
110,955
669, 742
330, 585
230, 868
566, 366
162, 830
172, 574
1, 073, 550
103, 290
157
45, 862
1, 037, 796
138, 905
717,042
240, 822
227,711
790, 499
178, 341
75, 289
754, 641
80, 759
36, 517
933, 106
90,783
568, 075
237, 241
160, 843
764, 050
139, 496
2, 244, 654
10, 343, 963
1,128,912
6,985
492, 930
9, 609, 616
1, 424, 471
7, 754, 534
3, 154, 705
2, 289, 557
8, 047, 949
1, 703, 365
Total.
4, 420, 369
4, 145, 578 j4, 726, 549
3, 840, 800
48,201,641
Classification of colors.
1923
January.
February.
March.
Alizarin red
Indigo paste
Vat colors, except Indanthrene blue GCD.
Indanthrene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than red
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotization
Acid colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Ba<lc colors
Sulphur colors
Lake colors
316, 898
1, 448, 125
89, 359
Total .
71,478
9S2, 504
93,0%
663, 860
250, 090
240, 753
730, 809
144, 185
5, 031, 157
256, 600
623, 329
85, 305
716
.54,061
923, 5S0
76, 643
666, 371
186, 154
210, 495
724, 751
157, 768
218,313
268, 015
91, 674
2,672
43, 159
831, 895
132, 062
564,543
197, 510
192, 726
638, 729
119,818
3,301,113
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE. 155
Table 42. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913, 1920-1922.
Pounds. Value,
1920
Pounds.
Value.
1921 (May to
December).
Pounds. Value,
Alizarin, alizarin red, variegated colors
from anthracene:
Alsace-Lorraine
France
Great Britain
Italy
Netherlands
Austria-Hungary
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Russia
Sweden
Switzerland
Spain
British India, etc
Japan
East Indies, etc
United States
489, 421
5,857,622
416,669
716,495
1,192,689
$190, 560
976,620
119,100
119,100
333,480
169, 754
425,488
698,858
388,010
685,631
889,033
231,393
792,212
247,112
405, 191
2,205
2,205
17,637
35,274
156,527
$817
16,340
31,863
89,870
33,069
130,071
21,804
105,386
52,910
257,938
18,791
94,772-
725,313
127,867
661,380
50,706
5,866,441
205,028
1,298,509
5,855,418
428, 760
47,640
95,280
23,820
905, 160
95, 280
238,200
1,310,100
110, 230
326,281
74,956
2,627,883
171,959
601,. S56
438, 715
139,909
181,700
170,798
1, 592, 509
292,537
505, 126
937,572
33,069
121,253
26,455
1,990,751
57,320
456,352
138, 890
22,059?
38,399"
26, 144
610,299'
40,033:
54,739-
103, 75»
Total.
24,338,784
5, 145, 120
7, 330, 295
6,001,551
3,461,222
1,222,232
1922,'
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin and alizarin red:
British India
1,559,100
224,400
397,000
Dutch Indies
Other countries
Total
2,180,500
$1,337,048
Alizarin colors, variegated, from anthracene:
Great Britain
230,200
124,600
190,300
71,200
100, 100
2, 184, .500
1,017,200
Italy
Sweden
Switzerland
British India
Other countries
Total
3,918,000
$4,465,015
1913
1920
1921 (May to Dec.)
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
AniUne and other
coal-tar dyes not
specifically men-
tioned:
Belgium.
5,531,341
384,393
$1,405,380
71,460
1,911,3.88
48.5,012
330,690
1,521,174
3,514,132
3,708,137
2, 555, 131
555,559
$1,529,914
179,88;?
243,478
1,697,078
4,764,174
2,936,272
2,91,8,102
528,747
405,616
174, 163
19,841
6,614
94,798
570,991
l,9iO,048
127,867
$172,387
113,563
4,085
4,0.'«
104,576
249, LSo
856, 21o
75,981
314,200
Bulgaria
Alsace-Lorraine.
Prance
3, 853, 64 i
24,285,874
9,032,246
3,009,279
595,242
12,740,383
1,021,260
5,259,500
2,167,620
666,960
142.920
2,977,500
Great Britain...
Italy
1,0.30,700
2,951,30r
2,226,900
353,, 800
Netherlands
Norway
Auitria-Hungry.
Austria
1,942,253
61,7i9
6,203,744
103,616
86.s,612
260,143
229, 278
533,513
1, 166, 514
56,327
3,283,319
72,680
516,917
230,759
194,419
523,296
1,765,885
92,593
6,865,124
330,690
11,023
246,915
429,897
141,094
564, 547
54,739
2,075,997
110,295
3,268
103,759
271,244
107,844
2,631,50C
Yugoslavia
^ Czechoslovakia. .
6, 690, IOC
Hungary
East Poland
Portugal
921,523
496,035
806,884
2,420,651
238, 200
119, 100
142,920
833,700
Rumania
Denmark
384, 70(
Russia
156 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 42. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany , 1913, 1920-1922 — Continued.
1913
1820
1921 (May to Dee.)
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline and other
coal-tar dyes not
specifically men-
tioned—Contd.
South Russia . . .
72,752
317,462
522, 490
2,147,280
1.144.187
$47,242
227, 125
401,557
2,300,322
1,142,893
94,484
1,789,745
288,903
1,391,822
2,620,114
1,150,161
474,237
606,878
939,389
5,407
238,027
534, 198
1,677,091
379, 101
1,578,494
321,872
498,240
405,646
63,933
537,922
116,844
1,527,788
6,305,156
3,955,052
255,734
279,984
542,332
70,547
72,752
502,649
313,053
$138,890
589,874
126,635
276, 146
195,263
32,680
295,754
80,883
778,601
1,366,024
1,519,620
103,759
109,478
202,616
52,288
71,079
154,413
305,558
5,078,300
830,300
1,378,300
1,111,600
520,286
1,986,345
1,728,406
211,642
1,446,218
963,410
8, 428, 185
18,653,121
7,729,328
531,309
350,531
1,382,284
976,638
123,458
1,197,098
30,544,733
$142,920
476,400
500,220
Sweden
Switzerland
Serbia
47,640 235,892
428,760 1,406,535
214,380 480,603
1,953,240 1.062.617
Spain . .
2,071,900
Turkey
British India, etc
5,750,500
19,673,900
8,372,900
416,700
795,900
1,545,000
China
4,549,610
2,000,880
119,100
119,100
404,940
190,560
47,640
285,840
6,717,240
2,458,129
1,069,231
365,964
476, 194
749,564
2,205
145,504
586,424
886,249
Japan
Dutch East In-
Argentina
Brazil.
Canada
Chili . .
Mexico.
i,i64,566
453,900
14,221,400
Other countries.
Total
141,729,325
33,848,220 39,460,135
37,421,115
31,543,417
11,625,09379,391,000
$61,032,947
Indigo:
Alsace-Lorraine .
2,205
1,817
France
712,086
2,601,428
1,459,445
1,347,011
3,000,461
309,660
381, 120
238,200
214, 380
Great Britain . .
1,135,369
626, 106
1,097,891
655,937
163,530
516,028
Italy
97,002
410,056
20,425
71,079
6,179
Austria-Hungary
476, 400
251,324
231,483
2,205
76,314
107,203
1,817
608,470
895,068
149,913
102,942
152,779
29,412
Hungary.
Russia. .
956,796
147,708
976,638
714,290
47,090,266
1,809,977
2, 103, 188
7,630,121
666,960
119,100
214,380
309,660
6, 407, 580
1,357,740
357,300
1,000,440
279,984
332,895
273,370
7,927,742
520, 286
844,362
6,614
408,825
254,380
241,661
5,431,013
719,532
570,538
7,268
101,412
291,007
207, 232
8, 439, 209
1,067,026
588,628
6,614
39,276
192,812
152,779
1,343,148
665,038
138,890
3,268
British India, etc
23,614,400
1,204,400
United States...
Dutch Indies...
1,068,600
3,980,200
Other countries.
Total
73,530,024
12,696,060
14,349,741
9,579,741
13,300,352
3,088,260
30,485,400
13,946,882
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Indigo carmine and color lakes of indigo;
Italy
Czechoslovakia
Egypt
0 ther countnes
Total
18,700
142,200
88,600
169,300
418,900
$381,774
INTERNATIONAL, DYE TRAEfE. 157
Table 43. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Germany, 1913, 1920-1922.
1913
1920
May to December,
1921.
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin, alizarin red,
variegated, from
anthracene :
Great Britain
74, 956
1,227,962
$10,234
165,648
Austria-Hungary
Total
1,328,933
179, 452
2,205
$1,817
2,205
$817
9,700
$6,679
Indigo, natural and
artificial:
British East In-
dies
51,357
5,732
13,448
22, 928
38,794
2,856
12,376
12,376
China
Dutch East In-
dies
Salvador
Total
128,308
92,582
2,205
21, 800
2 290
AniUne and other
coal-tar dyes not
specified:
Belgium
239, 199
179,454
491,405
434,968
434,306
3, 802, 935
59,500
44,506
122,094
108,052
107, 814
944,384
France
Great Britain
Netherlands
137, 100
Austria-Hungary
Switzerland
United States
730,800
133,700
Other countries. .
Total
5,680,372
1,410,388
44,092
16,353
287,047
32,680
1,001,800
102,937
GERMANY.
Note. — Conversion of the mark made at following values:
1913.
1920.
$0.2382 I 1921 $0.00817
.01817 I 1922 00233
Table 44. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into British India, fiscal years ended March 31,
1914, 1920-1922.
1914.
1920.
1921.
1922.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin dyes:
United Kingdom
Other British
possessions
963, 698
54
4, 637, 450
64, 294
804,243
$114,660
19
631, 497
8,847
160,332
1,932,372
$876,749
825,964
$457, 165
1, 862, 589
$1,034,577
Germany
89,600
31, 080
2,061,993
572, 662
262, 166
20,908
4,442
5,952
74, 174
54,469
1, 520, 061
453, 823
188, 955
15, 567
3,685
3,983
37, 971
44,883
2 861 467 1 364 650
Holland
'427J79 '2891536
252 031! 119 717
Belgium
Switzerland
1
57 452 24 812
France
\
Italy
Austria-Himgary
United States....
5,608
5,703
Other countries. .
261 760' 129 532
Total
6,469,739
915,355
2,027,580
913, 532
3,882,730
2,726,093
5,723,078 2,962,322
Synthetic indigo:
United Kingdom
and other Brit-
ish possessions .
Switzerland
3,248
657
2,240
9,072
1,250
5,558
137, 200
66, 528
113,764
125,576
224 298
Germany
602,336
1,680
68, 096
268, 675
808
30,552
\\2 784 i83 208
Holland
1
Belgium
::::::::::
United States
2,912
2,992
6,720
1,456
7,772
3,034
112, 118
Other countries. .
2,352
1,032
3,584 6,426
Total
677, 712
301, 724
14, 224
9,800
211,904
250, 146
116 704 lofi "''I
'
158
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 44. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into British India, fiscal years ended March 31,
1914, 1920-1922— Continued.
1914
1920
1921
1922
Pounds.
Value.
Poimds.
Value.
Pounds.
• Value.
Pounds.
Value.
AniKne dyes:
United ICingdom
and other Brit-
ish possessions .
Germany
102, 869
7,553,830
26, 077
916, 422
672
822, 507
252, 232
27, 666
147
200
500
. .?37,409
1, 987, 002
5,815
223, 163
195
174, 041
55, 921
6,983
73
49
131
1,619, 795 $1,336, 140
8301 2,057
2,642,407 83,043,911
1,591,108 2,833,802
43,360 118,704
129, 553 305, 847
14,773 30,340
296, 855 545, 049
53, 692 118, 179
200 372
6, 726 IS, 157
1,958,682 2,778,671
866 1439
1,093,865
2, 988, 691
86, 341
120, 133
$2,069,741
4,127,023
160 103
Holland..
Belgium
40, 977
1,914
516, 073
120
62,777
4,312
1, 139, 615
108
163, 166
France
Switzerland
Italy
639,325
183,666
849, 431
198, 655
Austria-Hungary
Japan
5.400
1, 912', 140
721
12, 577
2, 255, 776
12,053
United States
Other countries. .
723, 173
34, 855
1,028,971
40,915
Total
9, 703, 122
2, 490, 782
4.097.970 4.81.5.415' 6. 7.3S. 222
9,793,471
5, 870, 049
8, 637, 905
■* '
Other dyes obtained
from coal tar:
United Kingdom
Germany
Belgium
1,232
30,436
41,366
560
13,373
19, 237
8,249
4,894
3,956
4,955
3,353
2,375
1
80
924
82
506
4,482
48
HoiTand
Other countries . .
12,495
2,256
Total
73,034
33, 170
1
9,335
9,931
21,406
7,984
1
» Duty was collected on £1,162,599 in 1919-20, and £2,630,138 in 1920-21.
Conversion note.— Value is stated in "Annual Statement of Sea-borne Trade of India" in pounds ster-
ling converted from rupees at rates of 15 rupees to 1 pound sterling in 1913, and 10 rupees to 1 poimd sterling '
in 1920, 1921, and 1922 (fiscal years ending Mar. 31). Conversion to dollars made at rates of $4.8665 to 1 pound
sterling in 1913, $4.1385 to 1 pound sterling in 1920, $3.7223 to 1 pound sterling in 1921, and $3.9719 to 1 poimd
Sterling in 1922, the last two being averages for respective 12 months ending Mar. 31 , based on Federal Reserve
Board daily rates. Violent fluctuations in the dollar value of the rupee make conversions of no practical
significance.
Table 45. — Exports of indigo from British India, 1920-1922.
Exported to-
1920
Pounds.
Value.
1921
Pounds.
Value.
1922
Pounds.
Value.
United Kingdom.
Egypt
France
Italy
Greece
Persia
China
Japan
United States
Other countries . .
Total.
137,088
627, 200
■ 1,344
$250,586
946,686
3,253
126,448
153,552
$217,900
177,010
1,120
68,432
25,312
2,389,856
9,296
401,296
3,660,944
3,439
118,171
567, 706
3,314,032
20,639
780, 769
5,494,281
2,128
5,600
85,456
20,272
652, 960
3,136
98,448
1,148,000
2,349
12, 526
123,513
39,899
782, 182
6,049
172,651
1,534,079
72,464
218, 064
1,680
4,592
30,240
158,816
4,928
801,360
92,400
1,384,544
$129,262
283,661
1,942
5,473
67,975
248,788
7,753
1,122,757
172,698
2,040,309
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE.
Table 46. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Japan, 1913, 1919-1921 .
159
Imported from—
19131
1919
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Great Britain
France
178,674
$36,624
123,615
61,990
47,781
454,368
2, 070, 173
16,903
$274,672
116,760
110,265
769,787
4,140,875
51,022
252,247
182,951
779,980
129,091
2,973,361
134,237
$384,801
345,016
1,327,186
273,499
5,153,858
278,854
93,721
88, 154
3,990,232
173,991
872,845
368,938
$144,211
116,968
Germany
Switzerland
8,600,252
663,977
1,8.54,528
146,723
4,636,871
234,561
United States
874,087
Other countries
312,357
62,380
481,983
Total
9, 755, 260
2, 100, 255
2,774,830
5,463,381
4,451,867
7,763,214
5,587,881
6,488,681
1 Aniline dyes.
Table 47. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Italy, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921 (first 6 months).
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Indigo, synthetic:
57,540
451,502
1,248,465
1,102
98,546
882
$273,240
241
21,568
193
6,173
110,009
3,086
10,141
Total
1,348,995
295,242
629, 192
566,582
$139,862
9,259
1,006,841
$2,991
Total
1,195,774
1,016,100
Colors derived from tar or
other bituminous substances:
In dry state—
Austria-Hungary
72,090
80,688
59, 745
10 403,948
612,879
17,637
1,221,348
18,302
20,485
15,168
2,641,336
155,597
4,478
310, 074
4,185,212
910,500
2,063,064
84,657
Great Britain and Ire-
Holland
1,789,694
704,810
289,684
516,097
111,112
37,478
Total
12,468,335
3,165,440
7,879,900
772,933
5,307,836
2,812,408
2,376,118
1,751,280
Germany (repara-
Total
8,652,853
5,188,526
In paste or liquid-
1,440,706
284,393
126,126
24,897
313,494
38,360
49,824
3,086
Total
1,725,099
151,023
363,318
48,501
163,152
41,446
113,316
8,630
Germany (repara-
Total
411,819
154,762
160 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 48. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Italy, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
January to June,
1921.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Quantity.
Value.
Synthetic indigo:
Pounds.
7,275
220
220
220
$1,592
48
48
48
Pounds.
Pounds.
Total
7,935
1,736
11,023
$2,124
Colors derived from tar and other bitumin-
ous substances:
In dry state —
441
220
1,102
112
56
280
134,041
113,317
27,337
7,275
34,613
9,480
1,323
4,630
8,787
2,407
336
1,175
61,950
31,526
5,071
1,323
220
441
441
1,102
441
661
220
2,645
441
1,543
441
1,287
336
56
112
112
280
112
168
56
672
112
392
112
Chile
Peru .
Tripoli
102,956
200,400
Total
66, 799
16,960
412,264
$277,695
266,538
165,971
In paste or liquid-
5,071
1,984
6,173
7,055
6,173
1,764
220
1,764
5,512
2,866
4,409
444
173
540
618
540
154
19
154
483
251
386
Tripoli
Total
42,991
3,762
358,030
80,388
104,940
15,315
Table 49. — Synthetic organic colors — Imports into and exportsfrom Italy, July-Decem,ber,
1921.
Colors.
Imports.
Pounds.
Value.
Exports.
Pounds.
Value
Sulphur. . .
Other:
Dry...
Paste.
69,004
895, 509
126, 764
$38, 578
658, 020
97, 158
29, 542
81,350
114.419
$22, 463
40, 868
27, 387
Table 50. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Mexico
, 1919-1921.
Fiscal year 1919.
April, 1920.
April, 1921.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline, alizarine (natural and artificial),
and anthracene colors:
United States
153, 764
$47, 758
19,901
2,394
$7, 874
1,029
8,408
165
16, 727
$2, 723
74
5,582
153, 764
47,758
22, 295
8,903
25,300
8,379
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE. 161
Table 51. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into the Netherlands, 1920 and 1921.
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline and other coal-tar dyes:
3, 190, 101
26, 391
361, 734
14, 012
186, 260
1,554
15,785
240,249
$3,513,158
12, 143
227, 503
4,382
73,817
4,327
24,083
301,890
1,879,959
27,857
52,827
75,893
16,462
$1,569,456
16,572
32, 798
37, 191
United States
7,118
157,790
12,588
119, 773
4,983
Total
4,036,086
4,161,303
2, 223, 376
1, 787, 891
Synthetic indigo:
Great Britain
21,182
421,515
7,132
1,137,867
5,126
60,276
3,365
491, 655
8,449
24,465
5,985
141,924
> Belgium
T Finland
1,207,591
530,994
443, 142
149, 206
Table 52. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from the Netherlands, 1920 and 1921.
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline and ottier coal-tar dyes:
Germany
24,220
22,178
108,502
40, 179
21,923
53,731
3,258
6,490
4,200
12,086
1,739
4,614
4,533
1,054
13,924
5,694
5,747
1,497
9,925
$18,644
16,250
153, 719
58, 159
26,740
48,640
2,896
3,039
4,500
5,948
1,780
2,658
5, 803
6,219
6,832
7,542
7,326
2,106
11,664
68,049
17,630
38,362
6,499
19, 270
11,226
$30,546
9,541
Belgium
Great Britain
31,734
France
7,108
United States
17, 739
East Indies
11,577
Denmark
Greece
Italy
7,231
1,704
Portugal
5,097
5,935
5,033
6,323
5,779
British India
1,700
Siam
Argentina
2,182
450
2,387
Braiil
1,869
Cuba
Mexico
Bulgaria
5,569
3,170
8,175
2,931
Rumania
1,945
Serbia
6,300
Total
351,248
3%, 053
220,092
149 696
Synthetic indigo:
Great Britain
20,425
15, 130
9,172
. 3,506
3,935
4,162
China
Switzerland
8,056
8,609
Total
35,556
12,678
12,213
13 on
162
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSIOlSr.
Table 53. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Russia, 1913.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Indigo extract in paste
or liquid (indigo car-
mine) Germany
1,300
$787
Indigo (except extract and
indigotine):
Austria-Himgary
United Kingdom
Germany...
23, 871
16, 756
1, 019, 067
113,611
1,733
36
205, 265
469
108
29,685
11,051
2, 203
12,314
$17, 045
11,937
726, 650
Alizarin, alizarin cake,
15,.131
20, 404
3, 238, 451
3,756
361
36
253
11,699
15, 780
2, 553, 208
2,765
241
3
T9I-,
and other synthetic
Netherlands
81, 016
organic dyes, their bases
Italy
1 236
and combinations:
China
26
Austria-Hungary
East Indies
146,331
Great Britain
Persia
309
Germany
Turkey,
66
Netherlands
France. .
21 173
China and Mongolia...
Switzerland
7, 873
Norway
Sweden...
1 570
Turkey
Other countries
Total
8,786
France
30,407 i 5,466
87,176 1 85.415
Switzerland
1, 436, 169
1 024 018
Japan
108
181
50
142
Other countries
Total
3,396,264
2, 674, 894
Indigotine (indigo extract)
(dried):
Germany
1,806
108
1,378
109
Other countries
Total
1,914
1,487
Table 54. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Spain, 1914, 1920, and 1921.
1914
1920
1921
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Colors derived from coal and
other artificial colors, in
powder or crystal:
Germany
1,026,823
163
15, 889
249,627
79
51, 504
588, 145
1,702
34,438
882
48, 109
$485,419
77
7,511
118,008
37
24,348
278,039
805
16, 280
417
22, 743
Austria-Hungary
Belgium
39,341
27,708
Chile
United States
712,996
40,064
577,334
67,425
115, 885
22, 141
France
Great Britain
Holland
Italy
121,945
156, 028
Portugal
Switzerland
362, 249
1,061,385
95, 391
1,179,111
Other countries
Total
2, 017, 361
953,684
2,915,314
$1,210,373
1,664,689
$550, 71 1
Thio carbon:
Germany
563,639
4,431
7,454
28, 761
4,676
65, 854
61,679
485
816
' 3, 147
512
7,206
Belgium
France
Great Britain
53,166
99
8
Italy
Switzerland
1,323
12,478
25,937
United States
Other countries. ...'.
Total
674, 815
73,845
92,904
8,929
99
8
Colors derived from coal in
paste or liquid:
Germany
66, 881
187,475
207
14, 881
4,277
1,779
1,900
8,948
15, 809
44,313
49
3,517
1,011
421
449
2,115
175, 530
18,779
Cuba
Denmark
France
8,706
3,763
20,628
324
Great Britain
Holland
Italy
Switzerland
20, 587
54,465
3,327
5,157
Total
286, 348
67,684
263, 051
54,606
48,215
7,975
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE. 163
Table 55. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Siveden, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921 (preliminary).
•
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Aniline and other tar colors,
n. s. p. f.:
Norway
4,899
14,063
46, 155
3,768
2,233
$9, 907
24, 229
87, 855
8,272
4,367
Denmark
Finland
1
Great Britain
1 ■ ■
Other countries
1
Total
7,315
$2, 223
71,118
134,630
64 921 '^^^ s'l
979
Alizarin colors
192
5,456
583
2,999
82
Indigo (synthetic)
Table 56. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into Sweden, 1913, 1920, and 1921.
1913
1920
1921 (preliminary) .1
Poimds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Pounds.
Value.
Alizarin colors:
United States
3,774
88,098
1,305
$4, 150
96,865
1,435
Germany
128,938
7,656
$45, 455
2,699
Other countries
Total
136, 594
48, 154
93, 177
102,450
42,531
«34,710
Aniline and other tar colors:
United States
67, 703
22,846
59, 081
2,171,042
22,057
93, 155
62,034
20, 933
54,133
1,989,251
20, 210
85,355
Norway
Denmark
20, 740
1,873,500
50, 115
6,303
569,375
15,230
Germany
Netherlands
Great Britain
Belgium
12,983
87,095
5,084
3,947
26,469
1,545
Switzerland
456,976
3,918
418, 711
3,589
Other countries
Total
2,049,517
622,869
2,896,778
2,654,216
914, 475
653,024
Indigo (synthetic):
Germany
110, 104
18,739
76, 105
55
72,015
56
Swit 'crland
Others
5,272
897
Total
115,376
19,636
76, 160
72,071
23,713
14 133
Other indigo colors, Germany .
74,679
9,078
25, 648
4,699
3,309
675
1 Not given by countries.
164
UN'ITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 57. — Coal-tar dyes — Imports into and exports from Turkey, fiscal year March,
191S-March, 1914.
Imports.
Exports.
Pounds.
Value.
Poimds.
Value.
Colors of aniline and alizarine:
England
38, 146
709,694
195,912
1,819
463
19,930
115
76,266
$4,857
161,041
44,229
449
89
3,438
20
12,857
Germany
Austria-Hungary ;
2,405
$339
Italy
Sweden
Switzerland
United States
18
11
Belgium
Bulgaria
2,560
238
1,587
2,813
11
31
282
Russia
1,653
526
67
Rumania
369
HoUand
22,848
17,322
4,098
7,751
3,181
6,510
4,829
3,532
1,057
1,705
486
1,237
561
France
1
Greece
8
India
Egypt
14,328
1,060
3,711
Other countries
177
Total
1,105,708
240, 352
25,051 1 5,525
England
424, 703
240, 420
179,693
31
22
110
142,907
63,790
103,930
21,907
5
13
6
12,017
Austria-Hungary
Persia
611
346
Belgium
35
44
Holland
7,685
227,689
44
291, 126
11,380
86
99
1,427
15,557
18
176,992
5,260
42
5
Greece
198
18
India
Egypt
699
392
347
85
Indeterminate
TotaH
1,525,995
1,525,995
401,019
400,969
1,936
1,935
840
840
OfiBciaUy published total incorrect.
PART VI.
APPENDIX.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS
AND EXPORTS.
165
STATISTICS OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
Table 58. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1922.
[Act of Sept. 8, 1916.]
GROUP I, CRUDE (FREE).
Years.
1917
Quantity.
Value.
1918
Quantity.
Value.
Acids, carbolic, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of original distillate, .pounds. .
Anthracene oil gallons . .
Benzol pounds . .
Cresol do
Dead or creosote oil • gallons..
Naphthalene having a soUdifying point less than 79° C.
pounds . .
Pyridine and quinoline : do
Coal tar, crude barrels. .
Pitch, coal tar do
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol — purity less than 90
per cent pounds..
Xylol do. . . .
All other products found naturally in coal tar whether pro-
duced or obtained from coal tar or other sources, n. s. p. f.
pounds. .
All other distillates, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of the original distillate
pounds. .
Anthracene, purity less than 25 per cent do
Acenapht hene, cumol fluorene, methylanthracene, and
methylnaphthalene pounds. .
Carbazol, purity less than 25 per cent do
151,254
61, 200
3, 598, 733
7,665,442
9,817,085
5,206,980
12, 247
6,780
5,926
20, 70S
9,332
(1)
G)
0)
$9, 894
3,105
341,700
532, 529
786,638
175, 554
1,480
10, 745
12,039
1,404
2,928
10,448
1,502
0)
155, 236
$17,260
2,673,855
8, 873, 271
1, 545, 247
3,902,731
9,237
13, 087
14,029
87, 570
779,045
162,869
130,098
1,036
21,200
29,095
2,756
10, 473
5
G)
0)
Years.
1919
Quantity. Value
1920
Quantity. Value,
Acids, carbolic, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of original distillate. pounds. .
Anthracene oil gallons. .
Benzol pounds. .
Cresol do
Dead or creosote oil gallons..
Naphthalene having a soUdifying point less than 79° C.
pounds . .
Pyridine and quinoline do
Joal lar, crude barrels. .
Pitch, coal tar do
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol— purity less than 90
per cent pounds . .
Toluol do. . . .
All other products found naturally in coal tar whether pro-
duced or obtained from coal tar "or other sources, n. s. p. f.
pounds. .
All other distillates, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantify of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of the original distillate
pounds..
Anthracene, purity less than 25 per cent pounds..
Acenapht hcne, cumol fluorene, methylanthracene, and
met hylnajjh I halene pounds. .
Carbazol, purity less than 25 per cent pounds..
1,965,289
18,699
217, 865
6,435,650
11,268,379
3, 239, 256
165,064
22, 339
3,364
11,200
1,195,706
380.525
104, 568
82,669
15,759
112
$187,788
3,994
5,617
557, 214
1,374,217
92, 265
20, 543
38, 476
8,598
1,221
30,768
6,334
10, 548
2,022
946
82
192,692
15,054
486, 619
10,318,070
18, 427, 152
15, 012, 096
863, 456
11,901
8,780
$19, 848
3,945
10, 868
901, 3S1
3,796,399
530,219
168,800
24, 140
26.022
240,096
14,046
202, 569
16,590
' Imports not available by calendar year.
167
168
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 58. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years,
1917 to 19:2^— Continued.
GROUP I, CRUDE (FREE)— Continued.
Acids, carbolic, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of original distillate, .pounds. .
Anthracene oil gallons . .
Benzol pounds. .
Crosol do —
Dead or creosote oil gallons . .
Naphthalene having a solidifying point less than 79° C.
pounds . .
Pyridine and quinoline do —
Coal tar, crude barrels. .
Pitch, coal tar do —
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol— purity less than 90
per cent pounds. .
Toluol do....
All other products found naturally in coal tar whether pro-
duced or obtained from coal tar or other sources, n. s. p. f.
pounds . .
All other distillates, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantitv of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of the original distillate
pounds. .
Anthracene, purity less than 25 per cent poimds. .
Acenaphthene, cumol fluorene, methylanthracene and
methylnaphthalene pounds. .
Carbazol, purity less than 25 per cent pounds. .
Years.
1921
Quantity, Value,
214, 185
12,776
1,722,085
3,353,882
33, 239, 432
4,495,806
72, 515
21,551
417
40,707
7,310
58, 111
100
$22, 849
5,019
442,370
253,886
4,756,618
135,943
11,367
46,784
1,264
3,111
959
1,198
64
1922
Quantity. Value
311,914
13,368
172,528
3,756,651
41,566,767
3,144,332
119,973
23,431
1,422
3,962
144,237
424,530
459,727
33,600
66
*$33, 781
3,242
1,223
258, 536
4,239,949
54,029
21,113
64,324
4,193
352
6,061
.049
50,652
400
17
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT PLUS 2J CENTS
55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER
PER POUND; DUTIABLE AT
SEPTEMBER 21, 1922).
Article and year.
Pounds.
Value.
Duty.
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate.
Not colors, dyes, or status, photographic chemicals, medic-
inals, flavors, or explosives, and n. s. p. f.:
Acids—
Amidosalicylic—
1917
1918
1919
1920
11, 199
$8,182
$1,507
18.42
1921
1922
Benzoic—
1917
4,653
1,791
63
250
11,263
100
30,676
148, 261
20,539
14,060
374
1,087
3,012
365
4,954
47,085
3,190
2,154
58
169
733
15.53
1918
15.32
1919 '.
15.42
1920
15.58
1921
24.35
1922 a
Carbolic (phenol) which on being subjected to dis-
tillation yields in the portion distilling below
200° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more
than 5 per cent of the original distillate-
Crystal—
1917
1,510
10, 769
30.48
1918
22.87
1919
1920
1921
250
280,224
69,310
314,585
134,406
2,061
1,040
142
30,414
16, 102
24,246
15, 186
264
244
28
19.40
1922 o.
1922 6 ...
Liquid—
1917
11,502
5,638
91
63
47.44
1918
37.13
1919
34.52
1920
25.66
1921
1922 a
1,702
145, 375
26,273
117
1,801
18,488
23,575
112
1922 b
Salicylic—
1917
4,193
20
17.79
1918
17.62
* First nine months.
a Act of 1916.
6 Act of 1922.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
169
Table 58. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1922— Continued.
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT PLUS 2i CENTS PER POUND; DUTIABLE AT
55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— Contd.
Article and year.
Pounds.
Value.
Duty.
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate. -
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals,
medicinals, flavors, or explosives, and n. s- p. f.— Con.
Acids— Continued.
1919
1920
1921
1922 o
2,276
$1,881
Amidonaphthol—
1917
1918
1919
150
72
$15
20.21
1920
1921
11,025
9,990
1,774
17.76
1922
Amidophenol —
1917
1918
1919. .
1,028
2,417
388
16.06
1920
1921
14,623
11, 699
2.120
18.12
1922
Aniline oil—
1917
1918
1919
1920
220
11,243
72
1,799
16
551
22.64
1921
30.62
1922 o
1922 6 c
55
11
1917
21, 273
3,250
1,019
31.38
1919
1920
4
18, 316
1
12,109
.25
2,274
25.00
1921
18.78
1922 (included in aniline oil)
Anthracene, purity of 25 per cent or more—
1917
1918
1919
51, 895
648, 095
261,645
2
8,011
87, 413
12,639
2
2,499
29, 314
8,437
31.19
1920
33.54
1921
66.75
19226
Anthraquinone—
1917..
1919
3,147
13,053
127, 427
2,643
5,612
78, 255
375
1,168
14, 924
14.20
20.82
1921
19.07
1922
BenzaJdehyde—
1918
24,472
9,479
1,056
20
5
17,790
5,928
465
11
7
3,280
1,126
96
18.44
1920
19.00
1921
20.68
19226
1917
1
16.86
1919
1,000
150
430
22
90
7
20.81
32.05
1921 . . ..
1922 a..
1922 6
29
61,632
22,635
6,896
4,692
1,164
10
3,111
1,066
372
300
52
1917
10, 471
3,333
1,331
1,216
155
29.71
31.98
1919
27.95
24.64
1921
33.77
1922
o Act of 1916.
i Act of 1922.
e Includes aniline salts.
52805—23-
-12
170
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 58. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to J9^^— Continued.
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT PLUS 2i CENTS PER POUND; DUTIABLE AT
55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— Contd.
Article and year.
Pounds.
Value.
Duty.
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate.
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals,
medicinals, flavors, or explosives, and n. s- p. f.— Con.
Binitrobenzol—
1921
5
83
$0.58
19 33
1922
Carbazol, purity of 25 per cent or more—
1917 :.
1918
1919
1920
157
27
8
29 56
1921
1922 a
8,820
3,865
1922 6
Dimethylaniline—
1917
1918
1919
1,120
22, 400
427
15,968
92
2,955
21.56
1920
18.51
1921
1922 a
23,565
3,828
1922 6
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, purity of 90
per cent or more—
1917
1918
1919
2,444
556
2,224
1,008
2,230
341
107
167
396
65
17.74
1921
19.08
19226
Methylanthra q uinone —
1917
1919
3,147
13,053
2,643
5,612
375
1,168
14 20
20.82
1921
Napthalene solidifying at 79° C. or above—
1917 :
267, 057
2,795
7,650
3, 697, 562
441, 685
75, 680
12, 125
171
384
416, 172
31, 458
7,684
8,497
96
249
154,865
15, 761
70.02
1918
55 87
1919
64.80
1920
37.21
1921
50.10
1922 a
1922 6
Naphthol—
1917
1,027
1,069
186
17.40
1918
1920
333,356
658
112, 922
799
25,272
22 38
1922a
1922 6 ,
Naphthylamine—
1918
11,761
5,985
1,192
19.91
1920
69, 695
7,208
2,824
39.18
1922... .
1917
1918 . . ' .
1919
21, 513
45, 891
4,oo;j
6,009
1,138
2,049
28. 44
1920
34.09
1921
Nitronaphthalene—
18, 102
7,758
1,616
20.83
1918
1920
1922
1921
1,132
6,590
1,017
15.43
o Act Of 1916.
6 Act Of 1922.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
171
Table 58. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1922— Continued.
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT PLUS 2^ CENTS PER POUND; DUTIABLE AT
55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— Continued.
Article and year.
Pounds.
Value.
Duty.
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate.
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals,
medicinals, flavors, or explosives, and n. s. p. f.— Con.
Nitrotoluol—
1917
191S
1919
542
684
S452
359
$81
71
18. 00
1920
19.76
1921
1922
Phenvlenediamine —
1917
1918
1919.
2,746
2,429
1,769
1,887
334
344
18.88
1920
18.22
1921
1922 o
6
16
1922 b . . ....
Phthalic anhvdride—
1917
98
1,853
2S0
15.13
191S
1919
1920
1921.
1922 a . .
3,374
2,517
1922 6 . . . .
Resorcin —
1917
134
672
104
15.50
1918
1919
1920
51, 529
109, 658
39,932
75,022
7,278
13,995
18.23
1921
18.65
1922
1921
175
238
40
16.48
1922.
Xylidine—
1917
1918
1919
1920
56,047
41,237
7,587
18.40
1921
1922
portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of tar acid
equal to or more than 5 per cent of the oi-iginal distillate:
1917
1918
1,550
3,170
85,474
16, 240
328, 601
22,163
18, 257
193, 021
13,445
51, 214
87,911
87,207
389,708
187,377
2,008
4,587
36,041
11,811
33, 784
9,128
4,102
17, 595
8,640
39,861
74, 514
41,965
153,6-25
61, 967
340
767
7,543
2,178
16.93
1919
16. 73
1920
20 93
1921
18.43
1922 a
1922 6 c
gas tar which on being subject to distillation below
215° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more than
75 per cent of the original distillate:
1922
All similar products, obtained, derived, or manufactured
in whole or in part from the products provided for in
Group 1 (free):
1917
7,465
1,632
7,260
13, 375
8,475
42.43
1918
18.89
1919 . . ..
18.21
1920
17.95
1921
20.19
1922a
1922 b
AU sulfoacids or sulfoacid salts of Group II:
1917 :
1918
1919
1920
100
6,789
11,374
87
2,944
12,058
16
611
17.88
1921
20.76
1922 a
a Act Of 1916.
6 Act of 1922.
c At 190° C. instead of 200° C.
172
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 58.-
-Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to .?9ff— Continued.
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922).
Article and year.
Pounds.
Value.
Duty.
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate.
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or in
part from any of the products provided for in Group I
(free) or II, including natural indigo and their deriva-
tives:
Alizarin, natural—
1917
6,899
108, 711
6,684
58, 583
59,306
28,399
1,547
19, 180
$12, 216
158, 816
8,612
41,381
81,816
63, 304
3,094
55, 179
$3, 665. 00
47,644.80
2, 583. 60
12,414.30
24, 544. 80
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 a
1922 ft
Alizarin, svnthetic —
1917. . ;
16, 554. 00
30.00
1918
1919
1920
73, 232
136, 283
21,614
34
6,446
1,920
29,436
246, 837
293, 005
56, 294
23, 146
12, 827
7,162
216, 508
226,956
330, 129
17,697
129,983
3,376
34,049
86,439
76, 123
184, 886
872
35
160
24, 072
49, 707
22, 190
75
13, 399
3,864
25, 4S9
356,658
468,134
82,981
11,326
20,087
7,772
208,754
422,941
605, 187
26,002
140, 932
13.744
82, 779
196,783
72, 154
267,059
1,482
408
816
7,221.60
14,912.10
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 a .
Dyes obtained, derived, or manufactured from aliza-
rin—
1917
22.50
4,019.70
1,159.20
7,646.70
106,997.40
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 a
1922 6
Dyes obtained, derived, or manufactured from an-
thracene and carbazol—
3, 398. 00
6, 026. 10
2, 331. 60
62,626.20
126,882.30
30.00-
1918
30.00
30.00
1920
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 a
Indigrids, whether or not obtained from indigo —
1917.. .
42,280.00
4, 123. 20
24, 833. 70
59,034.90
21, 646. 20
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920 ...
30.00
30.00
1922 a . .
Colors, dyes, stains, etc., derived from indigo —
1922 6
1917
122.00
244.80
30.00
30.00
1919. .
1920 ■
14
27
8.10
30.00
1921 ..
Indigo, natural—
2, 261, 122
1,637,914
234, 991
36, 537
77, 121
14,461
4, 230, 510
2, 007, 958
285, 925
69, 528
154, 538
19,074
1,269,153.00
602, 387. 40
85,777.50
20, 858. 40
46,361.40
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 a
1922 b
Indigo, synthetic—
1, 379, 349
690,414
637,697
171,101
70,975
86,585
871, 267
342, 589
327, 133
207, 299
84,901
123, 702
261, 380. 00
102,776.70
98, 139. 90
62, 189. 70
25,470.30
30.00
1918. .
30.00
30.00
1920
30.00
30.00
1922 a
1922 6
Medicinals—
1917
284,346
301,074
168,466
165, 055
280, 299
154,620
24,410
85,304.00
90,322.20
50, 539. 80
49, 516. 50
84, 089. 70
30.00
1918 .
30.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
1922 a
1922 be
7,937
<i Act of 1916.
6 Act of 1922.
e Other coal-tar medicinals.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
173
Table 58. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to ^9^^— Continued.
GROUP III rDUTIABLE AT .30 PER CENT AD VALOREM: DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922.)— Continued.
Article and year.
Pounds.
Value.
Duty.
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate.
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or in
part from any of the products provided for in Group I
(free) or II, including natural indigo and their deriva-
tives:
Colors, or color lakes obtained, derived, or manufac-
tured from alizarin —
1917
7,062
1,499
15, 358
98, 735
59,290
79,542
$18,680
4,490
14,405
172, 841
66, 171
62, 986
$5,9.57.00
1, 421. 95
5, 089. 40
56, 789. 05
22,815.80
31.89
1918
3L67
1919
35. 33
1920 .
32.88
1921
34.48
1922 a
1922 b
Colors, or color lakes obtained, derived, or manufac-
tured from anthracene and carbazol—
1917
53, 205
27, 900
38, 073
260, 080
62, 748
27, 535
49, 729
22, 546
55, 475
529, 966
65, 635
63, 102
17, 579. 00
8, 158. 80
18, 546. 15
171, 992. 80
22, 827. 90
35.35
1918
36.19
1919
33.43
1920
32.45
1921
34.78
1922 a
1922 b
All other colors, dyes, or stains, whether soluble or
not in water, color acids, color bases, or color lakes—
1917
2, 257, 476
1, 799, 467
1,991,687
2, 807, 807
2, 751, 535
2,077,712
677,849
134,702
2,574,363
2, 161, 799
2, 848, 294
4, 093, 389
3,968,319
2,941,773
894,844
11,596
885, 183. 00
738, 513. 05
954, 072. 55
1,368,407.05
1,.328, 072.45
34.38
1918 c
34.16
1919
33.50
1920
33.43
1921
33.47
1922 a
1922 b . .
Phenolic resin, synthetic—
1917 •.
10, 214. 00
88.08
1918
1,114
2,479
1,420
762
1,7.56
12,632
14, 550
12,059
21,808
29, 281
3,287
8,183
124
3,280
2,860
2,681
2, .366
1,404
2,094
101,406
108, 537
77, 876
67,640
6.5,906
4,465
8,208
50
40,352
913.70
928. 25
780.80
31.95
1920
34.63
33.00
1922 a
Resinlike products prepared from articles provided for in
pars. 2o and 1.549:
Photographic chemicals—
31,053.00
33,288.60
23,985.75
21,382.40
21,23.5.85
30.62
1918
30.67
30.77
1920
31.61
32.22
19220
1922 b ...
12.00
10,088.00
25.00
Acetphenetidin (25 per cent):
1917
25.00
1919
1921
Acetylsalicylic acid (25 per cent):
1917
1,474
4,670
1,168.00
25.00
1919
26
76
19.00
25.00
1921 . 1
Antipyrene (25 per cent):
21,842
9,416
13. 736
14. 737
62,411
106,643
135, .565
53,293
15,603.00
26,661.00
3.3,891.00
13, .323. 00
25.00
1918
25.00
1919
2.5.00
1920
25.00
1921 .
1922 a 1
1922')
913
1,740
o Act of 1916.
6 Act of 1922.
cDoes not include 110 pounds, valued at $322, duty $81.6
from Cuba.
174
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION.
Table 58. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar yean
■ 1917 to i9fg— Continued.
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM: DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922.)— Continued.
Article and year.
Pounds.
Value.
Duty.
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate.
Benzaldehvde, 1922 6
571
$914
Phenolphthalein (23 per cent):
1917
1918
100
1,200
S300.00
25.00
1919
1920
200
5,055
1,487
554
726
2,385
8,877
6,544
181.00
596.25
25.66
1921
25.00
1922 6
Saccharin (65 cents per pound):
1917
360.00
5.50
1918
1919
1920
40
46
1
39
103
14
26.00
29.90
66.67
1921
29.03
1922 6
6 Act of 1922.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
175
t^ 05 CC Oi
CO^t^ 00
i-« in
»-i 03 »o t-
• oC' 1-H -^t; 00
S OS ococ t--
O lO Tt< t^
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C l>CO(M
g -H^CO_^C0^t>.__
c
o ■>j'"c~co''
rHCO
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•JJS 08 o
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$83,353
5,412
44,541
2,383
252
Pounds.
2,644,997
96,928
1,708,868
42,683
2,320
$357, 954
16,972
78,704
34,135
7,653
17,077
3,528
14, 198
IN
Pounds.
10, 155, 579
413,274
2,959,976
381,740
98,695
494,644
168,923
339,340
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UNITED STATES TABIFF COMMISSION.
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STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
177
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