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UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Tariff Information Series— No. 32
Census of Dyes
and other
Synthetic Organic Chemicals
1923
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1924
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 9999 06317 179 5
II
U. S. SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
-J&jt-r,
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Office: Eighth and E Streets N\V„ Washington, D. <
COMMISSIONERS
Thomas O. Marvin, Chairman.
William S. Culbertson, Vice Chairman.
David J. Lewis.
Edward P. Costigan.
William Burgess.
Henry H. Glassie.
John F. Bethtjne, Secretary
ADDITIONAL copies
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
25 CENTS PER COPY
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction vn
Part I
Summary of census of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1923:
Introductory 3
Summary of domestic production, 1923 —
Crudes.., 4
Intermediates 4
Dyes —
Record production in 1923 5
Further reduction in prices ' 5
Continued advance in the production of new dyes 5
Relation of production to consumption 5
Production of dyes by classes 5
Imports of dyes decline 6
Exports of dyes increase 6
Other finished coal-tar products —
Color lakes 6
Photographic chemicals 6
Medicinals 7
Perfumes and flavors 7
Synthetic phenolic resins 7
Synthetic tanning materials 7
Statistics of production 7
Synthetic organic chemicals not derived from coal tar : 8
International dye trade —
Pre-war 9
Developments since 1914 , 9
Part II
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1923:
Coal-tar crudes —
Record output of by-product coke 15
Production of tars 16
Total commercial production of crudes 17
Imports 21
Intermediates —
Description 21
Production —
Aniline 22
Naphthalene derivatives 22
Fumaric and malic acid 23
Anthraquinone 23
Special intermediates register large increase 23
New intermediates 23
Investigation of phenol and cresvlic acid under section 315 —
Phenol . 24
Cresvlic acid 25
Statistics of production 26
Dyes and other finished coal-tar products —
Introductory • 32
Summary of dye production in 1923 — -
Large increase in output 32
Further price reduction in dyes 33
Relation of production to consumption 35
Effect of the Ruhr occupation on domestic exports 35
Continued production of new dyes 37
Reduction in duty 37
ni
IV CONTENTS
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1923 — Continued
Dyes and other finished coal-tar products — Continued Page
Production of dyes by classes 39
Acid 40
Basic 43
Direct cotton , 44
Mordant and chrome 45
Sulphur 46
Vat 47
Color-lake and spirit-soluble 48
Food 48
Dyes exported from the United States —
Large increase in 1923 49
Other finished coal-tar products —
Color lakes 52
Photographic chemicals 52
Medicinals 52
Flavors and perfume materials 53
Synthetic phenolic resins 54
Synthetic tanning materials 54
Statistics of production 55
Employees and rates of pay 67
Research work 68
Part III
Dyes imported for consumption in the United States, 1923:
Introductory 71
Summary of imports 72
Swiss dyes 72
Dyes imported from Italy 74
Import statistics 75
Index to table of imports 103
Part IV
Census of synthetic organic chemicals other than those of coal-tar origin,
1923:
Introductory 113
Developments in the industry —
Synthetic aromatic chemicals 113
Esters . 114
Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride 114
Pharmaceuticals 114
Acetylene derivatives 114
Ethylene and propylene derivatives 114
Gallic and pyrogallic acids 115
Dihydroxytartaric acid 115
Furfural 115
Lactic acid 115
Oxalic acid 115
Tetraethyl lead 115
Statistics of production and imports 115
Part V
International dye trade:
Introductory 123
General developments during 1923 —
The occupation of the Ruhr 123
Seizure of German dyes by French and Belgian authorities 124
. Increased post-war capacity to produce dyes 124
Germany's position in the world's dye trade —
Pre-war trade 127
Exports since the world war 128
Efforts to regain export trade —
Affiliations with—
Italy 129
France 130
Great Britain 130
The United States 130
CONTENTS V
International dye trade — Continued
Germany's position in the world's dye trade — Continued
Efforts to regain export trade — Continued
Attack on export trade of the United States, Great Britain, Page
and France 130
Commercial warfare 130
Effect of the occupation of the Ruhr 131
Statistics of exports and imports 132
The British dye industry —
Great Britain's pre-war position 133
Developments since the war 134
Conditions in 1923.-_._ 134
Anglo-German negotiations 135
Statistics of imports and exports 137
The Swiss dye industry 138
Statistics of imports and exports 139
The French dye industry —
Merger of Kuhlmann and Compagnie Nationale _" 140
Statistics of production, imports, and exports 141
The Italian dye industry —
Pre-war production 142
Post-war developments 143
Production, 1918-1922 144
Statistics of production , imports, and exports 144
The Japanese dye industry —
War developments 145
Production, 1918-1923 145
Imports, 1920-1923 145
The dye trade of other countries —
Argentina 146
Austria 147
Belgium 147
Brazil 148
Canada 148
China 148
Czechoslovakia 149
Dutch East Indies 151
Egypt 152
India 152
Mexico 154
The Netherlands 154
Persia 154
Spain 155
Sweden 155
Reparation dyes —
Text of Annex VI, Part XVIII, Treaty of Versailles 156
Dyes —
Stocks of dyestuffs on hand in German factories on August
15, 1919 157
Percentage of distribution of dyestuffs —
Remainder of stock on hand, August 15, 1919 157
Percentage distribution of the 25 per cent of the daily
production of dyes 158
Existing percentage distribution of the 25 per cent of
the daily production of dyestuffs 158
Agreement supplementary to the dyestuffs protocol of
May 31, 1920 160
Provisional amendment to the supplementary agreement of
August 19, 1921, relative to dyestuffs 162
Pharmaceutical products —
Protocol for the delivery of pharmaceutical products 165
Percentage distribution of the 25 per cent of the daily production
of pharmaceutical products since July, 1920 166
Deliveries of pharmaceutical products up to December 31, 1923_ 167
VI CONTENTS
Part VI
APPENDIX
Page
Statistics of domestic exports and imports of coal-tar products 171
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals,
1923 195
Statistical Tables
1. Summary of the production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1918-1923. 7
2. Production of bee-hive and bv-product coke, 1913-1923 15
3. Production and sales of tar/1918-1923 16
4. Production and disposition of coke-oven tars, 1918-1923 16
5. By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1921-1923 17
6. Total commercial production of crudes, 1918-1923 19
7. Production of coal-tar crudes, 1923, by firms not primarily engaged in
the operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses 20
8. Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1923 26
9. Domestic sales price of 100 dyes, 1917-1923, with invoice value, 1914__ . 34
9a. Duty on dyes (act of 1922) 38
10. Comparison of imports of dyes by classes, 1914, with production,
1917-1923 39
10a. Production of dyes, by groups, according to value, 1921-1923 40
11. Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-1924 (April) 50
12. Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1923_ 55
13. Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry, 1923- 67
14. Summarv of dves imported for consumption, classified by method of
application, 1920-1923 75
15. Dyes of each class imported in largest quantity in 1923, com-
pared with imports in 1922, 1921, and 1914 76
16. Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 78
17. Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1923 115
18. Comparison of production of svnthetic organic chemicals, 1922 and
1923 I 119
19. Imports and production of synthetic organic chemicals (except those of
coal-tar origin), 1922 and 1923 120
20. World's estimated annual capacity to produce dyes 124
21. Exports of coal-tar dves from chief producing countries, 1913, 1921-
1923 1 125
22. Imports of dyes into chief consuming countries, 1913, 1921-1923 125
23. Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany to leading countries, 1913 127
24. Exports of principal classes of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913 127
25. Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913, 1920-1923 128
26. Development of the German export trade in coal-tar dyes, 1880-1913. 132
27. Imports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, by groups, 1923 132
28. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Germany by countries, 1923 133
29. Imports of coal-tar dyes into the United Kingdom, 1922 137
30. Exports of coal-tar dyes from the United Kingdom, 1922 138
31. Imports and exports, United Kingdom, 1923 138
32. Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, Switzerland, 1923 139
33. Production of dyes in France, 1920-1923 141
34. Imports and exports of coal-tar dves, France, 1922 and 1923 142
35. Production of dyes in Italy, 1918 1 1922 144
36. Imports and exports of coal-tar dves, Italy, 1922 and 1923 144
37. Production of dyes in Japan, 1918-1923 145
38. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Japan by classes, 1920-1923 146
89. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Japan, 1922 and 1923, by countries of
origin 146
40. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Argentina, 1921 and 1922 146
41. Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, Austria, 1921-1923 147
42. Imports and exports of indigo, Belgium, 1922 and 1923 147
43. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Brazil, 1922 148
44. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Canada, 1922 and 1923 148
45. Imports of coal-tar dyes into China, 1921 148
46. Imports of coal-tar dyes into China, 1922 149
47. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Czechoslovakia, 1920-1922 149
48. Exports of coal-tar dyes from Czechoslovakia, 1920-1922 150
CONTENTS VII
Page
49. Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, Czechoslovakia, 1923 150
50. Imports of coal-tar dyes, Dutch East Indies, 1922 and 1923 151
51. Exports of natural indigo, Dutch East Indies, 1920-1923 151
52. Imports into and reexports from Egypt, coal-tar dyes, 1923 152
53. Imports of coal-tar dyes and exports of natural indigo from India,
year ended March, 1923 153
54. Imports of coal-tar dyes for May, 1920, and May, 1921, Mexico 154
55. Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, the Netherlands, 1922 154
56. Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, Persia, 1922 and 1923 154
57. Imports of coal-tar dyes into Spain 1922 and 1923 (6 mos.) 155
58. Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, Sweden, 1921 155
59. Stocks of German factories on August 15, 1919 157
60. Percentage distribution of reparations dvestuffs, balance of stock
August 15, 1919 1 157
61. Percentage distribution of the 25 per cent of the daily production of
dyes 158
62. Existing percentage distribution of the 25 per cent of the daily pro-
duction of dyes 158
63. Reparation dyes delivered up to December 31, 1923 164
64. Pharmaceuticals delivered up to December 31, 1922 166
65. Pharmaceuticals delivered up to December 31, 1923 167
INTRODUCTION
This report is a survey of the domestic dye and synthetic organic
chemical industry in 1923. It presents the results of a special
investigation made by the United States Tariff Commission as to
the production in the United States of coal-tar dyes and synthetic
organic chemicals, both of coal-tar and of noncoal-tar origin. It
includes a detailed census of dye imports and official pre and post
war statistics for the imports and exports of coal-tar dyes by the
large consuming and producing nations of the world.
The survey is divided into six parts, as shown in Table of Contents
(pp. in to vi).
In the preparation of this report the Tariff Commission had the
services of Warren N. Watson, Frank Talbot, and C. R. De Long,
of the chemical division of the commission's staff, and of others.
PART I
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1923
Part I
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC
ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1923
Introductory
The United States Tariff Commission has reported annually,
beginning with 1917, the progress of the American dye and coal-tar
chemical industry. Since 1919, the production figures on dyes and
other coal-tar chemicals have been supplemented by a detailed
census of dye imports. Since 1921 the annual census of the industry
has included a census of synthetic organic chemicals other than those
derived from coal tar. A discussion of the international dye trade
is also included, developments in the foreign dye-producing coun-
tries are considered, and information is given on the production of
dyes in France, Italy, and Japan. Official statistics as to exports
and imports of the more important dye-consuming and producing
countries of the world in post-war years are compared with those of
pre-war years. A new feature of the present report is the account
of the deliveries and the percentage distribution of reparation dyes,
together with the agreements and protocols concerning the German
deliveries of both dyes and pharmaceuticals to the allied and associ-
ated Governments.'
Other reports prepared by the Tariff Commission relating to con-
ditions in the dye industry include (1) Costs of Production in the
Dye Industry, 1918 and 1919, and (2) Dyes and Other Coal-Tar
Chemicals, December 12, 1918.
The general grouping of coal-tar chemicals adopted in the present
report follows that of the tariff act of 1922, which conforms in gen-
eral, although not in every detail, with common practice. Crudes,
paragraph 1549, free, are contained in and separated from crude
coal tar; intermediates, dutiable under paragraph 27 at 55 per cent
and 7 cents per pound, are produced from the crudes by chemical
processes; with some exceptions, the} 7 are used only for the manu-
facture of dyes and other finished products by further chemical
treatment; dyes and other finished products are dutiable under para-
graph 28 at 60 per cent and 7 cents per pound. The term "other
finished products" includes color lakes, photographic chemicals,
medicinals, flavors, perfume materials, synthetic resins, and synthetic
tanning materials. Explosives, derived from coal-tar materials,
although dutiable under paragraph 28, are not included in this
census. A summary of the production of coal-tar products in 1923
according to the classes given above, is contained in Table 1. The
figures of production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals in the United
States are compiled from the returns of 206 companies, and are
believed to form a complete record of the manufacture of such
products in that year. In presenting the figures the quantity and
value of each product are given in as great detail as is possible with-
out revealing the operations of individual manufacturers.
4 united states tariff commission
Summary of Domestic Production,* 1923
CRUDES
A new record for the output of by-product coke was established in
1923, when the total production was 37,604,743 tons, an increase
of 6,770,792 tons over the 1920 output, hitherto the maximum. The
total production of coke in 1923 was 55,565,000 tons; of this quantity
67.7 per cent was from by-product ovens and 32.3 per cent from
beehive ovens. In 1913 only 27.5 per cent of this country's coke was
produced by the by-product ovens and 72.5 per cent by the beehive.
The increase in the production of by-product coke has resulted in (1)
an increased yield of valuable by-products, including ammonium
compounds, for fertilizer and other uses, (2) the supply of gas used
for industrial heating and municipal lighting, and (3) a delivery of
coal tar far in excess of the needs of the domestic coal-tar chemical
industry. The tar is converted by distillation into crudes, whicn
serve as the basic materials for the domestic coal-tar chemical indus-
try. The production of tar in 1923 established a record, reaching
440,000,000 gallons, about one-half of which was used as fuel. Only
a part of the remainder was distilled into refined products, owing to
the large demand for such partly refined products as motor fuel,
solvents, arid pitches. In general, there was an increased output of
crudes during 1923, conspicuous among them being "motor benzol"
and naphthalene. For the first time, the total domestic production
of crudes from all sources has been combined, as shown in Table 6.
The Geological Survey collects information on by-products obtained
from coke-oven operations, the data being in Table 5. The United
States Tariff Commission collects data as to the output of crudes by
firms primarily engaged in tar distillation, and the results are sum-
marized in Table 7.
INTERMEDIATES
The total production of intermediates by 103 firms in 1923 was
231,393,871 pounds compared with 165,048,155 pounds for 1922.
The sales during 1923 totaled 83, 582, SOS pounds, valued at
$18,916,058. The average sales price of intermediates in 1.923 was
$0,226 as compared with $0.22 for 1922 and $0.33 in 1917. Although
the average price of intermediates changed but slightly during 1922
and 1923, it should be borne in mind that in 1923 there was an in-
creased output of the more costly products, tending to increase the
average price of intermediates. The average sales price of aniline,
the most important of all intermediates, was $0.16 for 1923 as com-
pared with $0.15 for 1922. The sales price of H acid decreased from
$0.73 in 1922 to $0.68 in 1923, b-naphthol (tech) receded from $0.24
to $0.22, and anthraquinone, required for the manufacture of alizarin,
alizarin dyes and vat dyes (anthraquinone derivatives) fell from $1.34
to $0.95 per pound. The total number of intermediates reported
during 1923 was 311, of which over 80 were not reported during the
previous year. Many of these additions to the country's manufac-
turing program are essential materials for the manufacture of the
faster types of dyes and are also used in the production of other
important coal-tar derivatives. The manufacture of these in the
United States constitutes a noteworthy advance in the domestic
industry. Coal-tar intermediates are required not only for the manu-
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES, 1923 5
facture of dyes but also in the production of explosives, medicinals,
flavors, perfume materials, photographic chemicals, synthetic resins,
synthetic tanning materials and accelerators for the vulcanization
of rubber.
DYES
Record 'production during 1923. — The domestic output of coal-tar
dyes in 1923 by 88 firms was 93,667,524 pounds, compared with
64,632,187 pounds in 1922. The sales for the year 1923 totaled
86,567,446 pounds, valued at $47,223,161. The present dye industry
is largely a development of the war and post-war period. The pre-
war production in 1914 of seven firms was 6,619,729 pounds, valued
at $2,470,096. Production in that year was dependent upon for-
eign countries, as most of the intermediates were imported, chiefly
from Germany. Among the more important factors responsible for
the large output of dyes during 1923 may be mentioned (1) the
activity of the domestic textile and dye-consuming industries, (2) the
occupation of the Ruhr, which caused a reduction in the output of
the German dye factories and consequently enabled domestic pro-
ducers to increase their exports of indigo, sulphur black, and certain
other dyes, principally to the markets of the Far East, (3) the rela-
tively high foreign price level of dyes as compared with those of the
pre-war period, and (4) the effect of the tariff act of 1922.
Further reduction in prices.— The average selling price of all dyes
in 1923 was 10 per cent below that of 1922. The average sales price
for 1923 was $0,545 per pound, compared with $0.60 in 1922, $0.83
in 1921, and $1.26 in 1917, the first year for which a census of dyes
of coal-tar chemicals was compiled by the Tariff Commission.
Continued advancement in the production of new dyes. — During 1923
nearly 100 new dyes were produced for which no production had
been shown in 1922. In addition, other colors, heretofore reported in
small quantities, were manufactured on a substantial commercial
scale. These comprise for the most part special dyes of greater com-
plexity, and more difficult and costly to manufacture. In most
cases they do not individually represent a large tonnage. Their pro-
duction, however, affords a better balance to the country's manu-
facturing program and reduces the number of dyes previously im-
ported for special uses. The additions include colors for use on silk,
cotton, wool, color lakes and for other purposes, and are representa-
tive of the different classes of dyes by chemical classification. Their
production has, in many cases, already been reflected in a decline
in the corresponding imports. The domestic industry, although to
some extent deficient in the production of certain vat dyes and other
colors, supplies over 95 per cent of the domestic requirements.
Relation of production to consumption. — Imports of dyes in 1923
were 3.3 per cent of the total production by quantity and 6.2 per cent
by value. They were, by quantity, 3.9 per cent of the apparent
consumption, assuming this to equal production plus imports minus
exports. Dyes produced in the United States accordingly supplied
about 96 per cent of the apparent consumption of coal-tar dyes and
there was, in addition, an exportable surplus of certain coal-tar dyes
amounting to about 18,000,000 pounds.
Production of dyes by classes. — The output of dyes in 1923, grouped
by classes according to the method of application, was as follows:
6 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Acid dyes, 12,498,817 pounds, or 13.34 per cent of the total output;
basic dyes, 4,157,373 pounds, or 4.44 per cent; direct cotton dyes,
16,858,387 pounds, or 18 per cent; mordant and chrome dyes,
4,078,504 pounds, or 4.35 per cent; sulphur dyes, 21,558,469 pounds,
or 23.02 per cent; vat dyes, including indigo, 30,113,642 pounds, or
32.15 per cent; indigo, 28,347,259 pounds, or 30.26 per cent; other
vat dyes, 1,766,383 pounds, or 1.89 per cent; lake and spirit-soluble
dyes, 1,171,854 pounds, or 1.25 per cent; unclassified and specialty
dyes, 3,230,47S pounds, or 3.45 per cent of the total.
Imports of dyes decline. — The total imports of coal-tar dyes for
1923 were 3,098,193 pounds, valued at S3, 151, 363, compared with
3,982,631 pounds, valued at $5,243,257, for the year 1922. Total
imports during 1913, prior to the extensive development of the
domestic dye industry, were 45,950,895 pounds. Of the total
imports during the year 1923, 47 per cent came from Germany, 28
per cent from Switzerland, 12 per cent from Italy, 6 per cent from
France, 4 per cent from England, and 3 per cent from all other
countries. Dye imports in 1923, classified by method of application,
were as follows: Acid dyes, 544,048 pounds; vat dyes, 1,207,554
pounds; mordant and chrome dyes, 453,415 pounds; direct dyes,
527,014 pounds; sulphur dyes, 114,023 pounds; basic dyes, 210,896
pounds; spirit-soluble and color lake dyes, 23,213 pounds; and
unidentified, unclassified and special dyes 18,030 pounds. The Swiss
dye manufacturers have a much larger share of the domestic import
trade — 28 per cent in 1923, 39 per cent in 1922, and about 20 per
cent in 1914 — than the size of the Swiss industry, compared with
that of Germany, would imply. The Ruhr occupation undoubt-
edly favored Swiss dye exports. Swiss dyes are for the most part
of the Higher-cost specialty type, to which most of the dyes imported
into this country belong. Dyes shipped from Italy appear to be of
German manufacture and are doubtless dyes delivered to Italy by
Germany in reparation payment and later sold to the United States.
Italy received up to December 31, 1923, 6,274,601 kilos (13,832,985
pounds) out of a total delivery by Germany in reparation payment
of 25,583,390 kilos (56,401,142 pounds) of coal-tar dyes.
Exports of dyes increase. — The exports of coal-tar dyes during 1923
totaled 17,924,200 pounds, with a value of $5,565,267, compared
with a total of 8,344,187 pounds, with a value of $3,996,443, during
1922. This increase in the domestic exports of coal-tar dyes may
be largely accounted for by the effect of the occupation of the Ruhr
by the French, which resulted in a decreased production of dyes in
the German factories and consequently gave domestic manufacturers
an opportunity to increase their exports to Far Eastern markets.
OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
Color lakes. — The total output of this class of pigments in 1923
was 13,079,115 pounds, compared with 10,578,664 pounds in 1922.
The total sales of color lakes in 1923 amounted to 12,627,359 pounds,
valued at $5,124,732.
Photographic chemicals. — The 1923 production of coal-tar chemicals
used as photographic developers totaled 343,289 pounds, compared
with 345,798 pounds in 1922. Sales in 1923 amounted to 321,083
pounds, valued at $443,697.
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES, 1923 7
Medicinals. — This class of coal-tar products may be considered
as essential to the national welfare. The highest technical skill and
the most exhaustive research are required in the development and
commercial production of these chemicals. The total production
in 1923 was 3,273,085 pounds, and sales amounted to 2,995,448
pounds, valued at $4, 720, 253. The 1922 production amounted to
2,946,347 pounds, with sales of 3,092,915 pounds, valued at $4,233,443.
Perfumes and flavors. — These coal-tar product^ are closely related,
certain members of the class being used both as flavors and as per-
fumes. The total output of flavors in 1923 was 1,458,024 pounds,
compared with 1,215,668 pounds in 1922. Sales amounted to
1,442,387 pounds, valued at $1,780,313. The production of per-
fumes in 1923 was 1,365,449 pounds, compared with 793,148 pounds
in 1922. Sales in 1923 amounted to 1,275,432 pounds, valued at
$789,431.
Synthetic 'phenolic resins. — These products are used as substitutes
for amber in making pipe stems and a great variety of other articles,
also for electrical insulators, varnishes, and lacquers. The 1922
production was 5,944,133 pounds; the figures for 1923 can not be
published without revealing the output of individual companies.
Synthetic tanning materials. — The output of these products
amounted to 1,910,519 pounds in 1922, but here, again, the 1923
production figures can not be published without revealing the output
of individual companies.
The total output of synthetic phenolic resins and synthetic tanning
materials in 1923 was 9,763,685 pounds. Each of these classes of
coal-tar products shows an increase in production for the past year.
The total sales of synthetic phenolic resins and synthetic tanning
materials for 1923 was 10,068,431 pounds, valued at $5,816,590.
STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION
Table 1. — Summary of the production
of dyes and
coal-tar chemicals,
1918-1923
1918
1919
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers
Production
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers.
Production
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Group II— Intermediates ..
Group III — Finished prod-
ucts _.
128
357, 662, 251
76, 802, 959
58, 464, 446
9, 590, 537
316, 749
3, 623, 352
458, 256
116, 263
\ 4, 233, 356
$124, 382, 892
83, 815, 746
62, 026, 390
5, 020, 023
823, 915
7, 792, 984
4, 926, 627
584, 695
2, 642, 120
116
155
90
34
10
31
9
6
1
5
177, 362, 426
82, 532, 390
63, 402, 194
7, 569, 921
335, 509
6, 777, 988
610, 825
41,419
I 3, 794, 534
$63, 210, 079
84, 585, 544
Dyes
78
29
6
31
7
6
1
5
67, 598, 855
4, 179, 964
Photographic chemi-
cals
1, 059, 340
7, 883, 071
1, 318. 654
164, 302
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic
2, 381, 358
8 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 1. — Summary of the production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1918-1923 —
Continued
Group II— Intermedi-
ates
Group III — Finished
products
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chem-
icals
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials . .
Synthetic phenolic
resins
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers
161
82
43
Production
Pounds
257, 726, 911
112, 942, 227
88, 263, 776
10, 983, 538
440, 759
5, 184, 989
166, 884
.39, 740
3, 142, 861
4, 659, 680
Value
$95, 291, 686
112, 731, 547
95, 613, 749
5,871,820
1,015,848
5, 726, 776
527, 493
332, 008
233, 674
3, 410, 179
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers
147
74
43
5
34
17
15
4
Produc-
tion
Pounds
70, 899, 912
51, 457, 565
39, 008, 690
6, 152, 187
183, 798
1, 545, 917
901, 245
119,335
1, 902, 597
1, 643, 796
Sales
Pounds
33, 637, 326
60, 434, 009
47, 513, 762
6, 424, 612
170, 221
1,876,246
933, 662
119,691
1, 721, 359
1, 674, 456
Value
$8, 483, 463
47, 996, 514
39, 283, 956
2, 863, 189
248, 041
2, 930, 324
1, 002, 018
175, 815
141, 005
1, 352, 166
Group II— Intermediates
Group Hi— Finished products
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chemicals -.-
Medicinals.. . —
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic resins..
Research chemicals
1922
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers
106
164
87
43
7
35
20
17
4
5
4
Production
Pounds
165, 048, 155
88, 368, 131
64, 632, 187
10, 578, 664
345, 798
2, 946, 347
1, 215, 668
793, 148
1,910.519
5, 944, 133
1, 667
Pounds
58, 004, 435
93, 370, 065
69, 107, 105
10, 366, 676
347, 647
3, 092, 915
1, 278, 857
778, 696
1, 981, 588
6, 415, 931
650
Value
$12,
57,
41,
4,
4,
1,
910, 486
067, 326
463, 790
551, 572
483, 269
233, 443.
260, 588
643, 436
103, 598
315, 196
12, 434
1923
Number
of manu-
factur-
ers
Production
Pounds
Sales
Pounds
Value
Group II— Intermediates
Group III— Finished products
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chemicals...
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic resins..
103
164
88
43
5
32
16
20
3
2
231, 393, 871
122, 950, 171
93, 667, 524
13,079,115
343, 289
3, 273, 085
1, 458, 024
1, 365, 449
9, 763, 685
83, 582, 808
115,297,586
86, 567, 446
12, 627, 359
321, 083
2, 995, 448
1, 442, 387
1, 275, 432
10, 068, 431
$18,916,058
65, 898, 177
47, 223, 161
5, 124, 732
443, 697
4, 720, 253
1, 780, 313
789, 431
5, 816, 590
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS NOT DERIVED FROM COAL TAR
The Tariff Commission in 1921 compiled for the first time a
census of organic chemicals other than those derived from coal tar
or directly from natural sources. These included acids, alcohols,
esters, ketones, aldehydes, derivatives of alkaloids, carbocyclic com-
pounds, etc., used as perfume and flavoring ingredients, solvents,
medicinals, also in industrial and other processes.
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES, 1923 9
The development in the production of organic chemicals of non-
coal-tar origin has been comparatively unnoticed during past years,
because of the greater interest in the progress made in coal-tar chem-
icals. The rapid development in the past few years in these non-
coal-tar organic chemicals indicates the probability of further expan-
sion in this field, with the result that new products of great economic
value will continue to be placed on the market by domestic manu-
facturers.
The production in 1923 of synthetic organic chemicals other than
those derived from coal tar was'90,597,712 pounds, with sales amount-
ing to 67,727,067 pounds, valued at $13,875,521. Production in 1922
totaled 79,202,155 pounds.
Part IV of this report contains a detailed census of this group of
organic chemicals, showing production and sales in so far as the
publication of such figures does not disclose the output of individual
manufacturers.
International Dye Trade
Pre-war. — Prior to the war, Germany, with an output totaling
three-fourths of all synthetic dyes produced, dominated the world's
dye markets. Of the remaining one-fourth, one-half was made
from German intermediates, and its production was accordingly
dependent upon Germany. Switzerland, although without a domes-
tic source of raw materials, ranked second, with about 7 per cent of
the world's production. Great Britain produced about one-tenth
of her requirements, and France produced in French-owned and
operated plants from 10 to 15 per cent of her consumption. In order
to meet the patent requirements of France and Great Britain,
German manufacturers operated plants in those countries where the
final assembling operations were completed. The small dye industry
of the United States was almost entirely dependent upon interme-
diates from Germany.
Developments since 191 4-— -The acute shortage of dyes arising in the
various dye-consuming markets, due to the disappearance of German
dyes shortly after the beginning of the war, was soon followed by
prices of unprecedented levels, while certain dyes were not to be had
at any price. This dye famine threatened the activities of the vast
textile industries as well as other industries dependent upon dyes
for their operation. The manufacture of dyes was soon entered upon
in the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy, and each of
these countries has developed a dye industry capable of supplying
from 80 to over 90 per cent of its requirements and has, in addition,
exported significant quantities of dyes since the war. As a result of
this remarkable period of expansion and development, the world's
present capacity to produce dyes is nearly double that of the pre-
war period. The estimated annual capacity to produce dyes by the
seven leading producers — Germany, United States, Great Britain,
Switzerland, France, Japan, and Italy — is considerably in excess of
600,000,000 pounds. The maximum estimated or officially reported
output of the seven leading dye producers is as follows: Germany
(1913), 280,000,000 pounds; United States (1923), 94,000,000 pounds;
Great Britain (1920), 43,000,000 pounds; Switzerland (1920), 24,000,000
pounds; France (1923), 24,000,000 pounds; Japan (1919), 16,000,000
1760— 24t 2
10 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
pounds; and Italy (1922), 10,000,000 pounds. This existing capacity
to produce over and above normal requirements is resulting in an era
of severe competition in the world's markets, which may eliminate
many of the plants now in operation. Owing to the position of su-
premacy held by the German industry prior to the war, the future
position of Germany's industry in the world's trade is of peculiar
interest. Her export trade has suffered severely as a result of de-
velopments during and since the war. In 1913 the German export
of synthetic dyes amounted to about 240.000,000 pounds, with a
value of about $52,000,000, while in 1922 it amounted to about
114,000,000 pounds, with a value of about $80,000,000. For the year
1923 exports from Germany totaled about 74.000,000 pounds, with
a value of about $17,000,000 (1913 basis) or $42,000,000 (1923
basis) .
Table 22, page 126, shows the imports of dj-es into the chief con-
suming countries for the years 1913, 1921, 1922, and 1923, and Table
21, page 125, shows the exports of coal-tar dyes from the chief pro-
ducing countries for the same years. These two tables indicate the
remarkable readjustment in the international dye trade due to
developments during and since the war.
On account of the commanding position in the welfare of the
German nation held by the chemical industry, it is highly probable
that Germany will make every effort to regain her lost export trade,
amounting to about nine-tenths of her total trade. One of the first
steps in this direction has been to form affiliations in the new
producing countries. Thus, in Italy it is reported that one of the
largest dye producers, the Bianchi Co., has a working agreement
under whose terms the Germans are to supply technical assistance
and in return for which Germany shares profits; exports of dyes by
this firm are restricted to the Italian colonies. In France, the Com-
pagnie Nationale is reported to have effected a similar arrange-
ment with the German "Interessen Gemeinschaft," * but the con-
ditions arising from the occupation of the Ruhr by the French are
reported to have affected the operation of this agreement. Negotia-
tions have been conducted for some time between the British Dye-
stuffs Corporation and the I. G., although no final agreement had
been made up to June, 1924.
In the establishment of branch plants in the new producing
countries, the Swiss appear to have been much more successful to
date than the Germans. Three large Swiss manufacturers now
operate, either collectively or individually, plants in the United
States, Great Britain, Italy, and France. It has been reported that
the Swiss and the German dye makers have concluded a working
agreement. The German industry has certain advantages over the
industries of the new producing countries, including cumulative
experience, unified organization for buying and selling, and lower
manufacturing costs. The high post-war price levels of dyes ex-
ported from Germany would appear to indicate a strong probability
of price reductions during the next few years. The commercial
warfare which is likely to follow may involve the utilization of
such methods as full-line forcing and dumping, such as were prac-
ticed by the German chemical industry prior to the war. The
i This body is universally known as "I. G.," and will be so referred to throughout the remainder of
this report.
STTMMAKY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES, 1923 11
retention of a tariff and other protective measures by the new'pro-
ducing countries will doubtless lead the German industry to form
affiliations or to establish branch plants in those countries along
the lines successfully followed by the Swiss manufacturers. In the
case of tariff reductions in the new producing countries, it seems
likely that Germany will attempt to recover these markets, and at
the same time retain the domestic centralization of dye production.
The war made clear the relationship of the coal-tar dye industry
to the production of munitions, war gases, medicinals and other
essential products, and demonstrated the desirability of home dye
production as a means to prevent shortage in times of war. This
will probably result in an effort by the large industrial nations]»to
retain dye industries of sufficient size to meet peace requirements
and to "provide for war emergencies. Reduced production costs
and constructive research will be vital factors in the maintenance of
their competitive place in the world's trade.
The occupation of the Ruhr in 1923 resulted in a reduced pro-
duction of dyes in Germany. The total output in 1923 was about
145,000,000 pounds, as compared with 193,000,000 pounds in 1922.
This stimulated the export trade of the United States and Great
Britain to meet the requirements of China, India, and other con-
suming nations, nonmanufacturers of dyes. The effects of the
occupation had largely disappeared in the early part of 1924 and
German dyes were again offered in sharp competition in the markets
of the Far East. In the spring of 1923 the French and Belgian
authorities seized about 6,500 tons of dyes, a large part consisting
of indigo and alizarin red. The British Alizarin Co. purchased a
large quantity of alizarin in order to prevent the demoralization
of prices by the dumping of this dye on the market, and nearly
1,500,000 pounds of alizarin were imported into the United Kingdom
in January, 1924.
PART II
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR
CHEMICALS, 1923
13
Part II
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
Coal-Tar Crudes
Record output of by-product coke. — The preliminary figures for the
domestic production of coke in 1923, as reported by the United States
Geological Survey, show a total of 55,565,000 tons, an amount almost
equal to that of 1917 and only 1.6 per cent less than the record set in
the war year 1918. A new record in the output of by-product coke
was established in 1923, the year's output of 37,604,743 net tons being
an increase of 6,770,792 tons over the 1920 output, hitherto, the
maximum.
Since November, 1918, when the production of coke from by-
product ovens passed the production of beehive ovens, the by-product
coke has been continuously in the lead. In 1923, 67.7 per cent of the
total was contributed by by-product ovens and 32.3 per cent by
beehive ovens. These figures are especially significant when it is
remembered that the year was one of heavy consumption and favor-
able prices, conditions which should call forth maximum activity in
the beehive industry under the present ratio of capacity to demand.
Table 2. — Production of beehive and by-product coke in the United States, 1913-
1923
Year
Net tons produced
Per cent of total output
Beehive
By-product
Total
Beehive
By-product
1913
33, 584, 830
27, 508, 255
33, 167, 548
30, 480, 792
19, 042, 936
20, 511, 092
5, 538, 042
8, 573, 467
17, 900, 000
12, 714, 700
14, 072, 895
22, 439, 280
25, 997, 580
25, 137, 621
30, 833, 951
19, 749, 580
28, 550, 545
37, 604, 743
46, 299, 530
41, 581, 150
55, 606, 828
56, 478, 372
44, 180, 557
51, 345, 043
25, 287, 622
37, 124, 012
55, 565, 000
72.5
66.2
59.6
54.0
43.1
40.0
21.9
23.1
32.3
27.5
1915
33.8
1917
40.4
1918
46.0
1919 -
56.9
1920
60.0
1921
78.1
1922 .
76.9
1923
67.7
The recovery in coke production was associated with great activity
in the iron industry and with a shortage of household fuel. As stated
in the census of 1921, the replacement of beehive ovens by the by-
product variety, which recovers the tar, ammonia, and gas products
entirely wasted by the old beehive type, is for the following reasons
of great economic significance in the conservation of national re-
sources: (1) The b} T -product ovens increase production of am-
monium compounds for fertilizer and other uses; (2) the gas pro-
duced in these ovens is used for municipal lighting and industrial
heating; and (3) the output of tar insures an abundant supply of coal
tar for the preparation of crudes serving as a basis of the domestic
coal-tar dye and chemical industry.
15
16
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Production of tars. — The output of coal tar in 1923 was about 440,-
000,000 gallons, compared with 328,000,000 gallons in 1922. Accord-
ing to the preliminary figures sales of coal tar during 1923 were about
211,000,000 gallons, valued at $9,200,000. The domestic supply of
tar is far in excess of the requirements of the domestic coal-tar
chemical industry. Of the total production during 1923, 48 per
cent was sold and 52 per cent consumed, largely as boiler fuel, in
metallurgical plants. This indicates that about one-half of the total
production of tar is used as a fuel. That a similar condition existed
in 1921 and 1922, is indicated by the production and disposition of
coke-oven tar in the United States during the years 1918-1923, as
given in Table 4.
In times of fuel shortage the value of tar as fuel increases; in any
case, the tar distiller must pay somewhat more than the fuel value
of the tar. Of the total tar sold by the coke-oven operators only
part is distilled into refined benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and
anthracene; this is accounted for by the demand for such partly
refined products as motor fuel, solvents, and soft pitches.
Table 3. — Production and sales of coke-oven, coal-gas, water-gas, and oil-gas tar
in the United States, 1918-1928
[Compiled by the United States Geological Survey from reports of producers. The difference between
production and sales is accounted for by tar used by the producer, and by changes in stock]
Coke-oven
tar
Coal-gas tar
Total coal
tar
Water and
oil-gas tar
Production (gallons):
1918 .-
263, 299, 470
288, 901, 739
360, 664, 124
253, 051, 649
327, 779, 734
440, 389, 905
200, 233, 002
217, 707, 157
174, 363, 696
135, 293, 047
162, 204, 417
210, 746, 216
$6, 364, 972
6, 918, 549
6, 378, 040
5, 645, 309
6, 419, 743
9, 225, 925
52, 694, 826
(')
51, 264, 956
(')
48, 082, 228
(')
47, 727, 839
0)
46, 604, 133
0)
41, 266, 074
(>)
$1, 863, 580
CO
2, 010, 186
(0
1, 955, 950
0)
315, 994, 296
340, 900, 000
411,929,080
303, 000, 000
375, 861, 962
488, 389, 905
247, 960, 841
264, 900, 000
220, 967, 829
179, 200, 000
203, 470, 491
251, 946, 216
$8, 228, 552
8, 800, 000
8, 388, 226
7, 760, 000
8, 375, 693
11, 203, 925
100, 985, 156
( 2 )
1919.
1920
116, 073, 907
1921...
( 2 )
1922.
104, 555, 028
1923 3 _
( 2 )
Sales (gallons) :
1918
55, 283, 484
1919
( 2 )
1920
59, 238, 730
1921
( 2 )
1922
47, 338, 489
1923 3
( 2 )
Value of sales:
1918
$1,805,865
1919 i
( 2 )
1920
2, 109, 388
1921...
( 2 )
1922
1, 879, 490
1923 3
( 2 )
1 No report. Estimate included in total.
2 No report.
3 Preliminary figures, subject to revision.
Table 4. — Production and disposition of coke-oven tar in the United States,
1918-1928
[Compiled by United States Geological Survey from reports of operators]
Coke-oven tar
Year
Gallons
produced
Per cent
soldi
Per cent
used i
1918.
263, 299, 470
288, 901, 739
360, 664, 124
253, 051, 649
327, 779, 734
440, 389, 905
76.0
75.4
48.3
53.5
49.5
47.9
24.0
1919.
24.6
1920 ._
51.7
1921
46.5
1922. . _
50.5
1923 2
52.1
1 No account is here taken of changes in stocks.
2 Preliminary figures, subject to revision.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-- TAB CHEMICALS, 1923
17
Total commercial production of crudes. — The data on domestic pro-
duction of crudes are collected either by the Tariff Commission or
by the Geological Survey, according to the producer. Crudes dis-
tilled from tar at the by-product coke-oven plants are reported to
the Geological Survey and the output by firms primarily engaged
in the distillation of tar is reported to the Tariff Commission. For
the first time, the total commercial production of benzene, "motor
benzol," toluene, solvent naphtha, and naphthalene from all sources
has been combined into a single compilation. This covers the period
1918-1923 and the production data shown in Table 6. An examina-
tion of this table shows that there was, in general, an increase in the
output of these items in 1923. The production of " motor benzol"
ana naphthalene recorded notable increases over the figures for 1922.
The production of by-products obtained from coke-oven operations
for the years 1921-1923, together with quantity and value of the
sales, is given in Table 5. The production of crudes by firms engaged
primarily in the distillation of coal tar is shown in Table 7. Note-
worthy increases in the 1923 production are shown for naphthalene,
cresylic acid, dead oil, anthracene oil, and other distillates.
Table 5.
-By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1921-1928
[United States Geological Survey]
Product
Production
Sales
Quantity
Value
Total
Average
1921
Tar gallons.
Ammonia:
Sulphate pounds.
Ammonia liquor (NHj content) do...
Other forms (NH3 content) do...
Sulphate equivalent of all forms do. . .
Gas:
Used under boilers, etc M cubic feet.
Used in steel or affiliated plants . do...
Distributed through city mains do. . .
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil gallons.
Benzol —
Crude do...
Refined do...
Motor benzol do . . .
Toluol—
Crude ....do...
Refined do...
Solvent naphtha .do...
Other miscellaneous products do...
Naphthalene:
Crude pounds.
Refined do...
Other products
Value of all by-products sold
1922
Tar gallons,.
Ammonia:
Sulphate ...pounds..
Ammonia liquor (NHj content) do
Other forms (NH3 content) do
253, 051, 649
135,293,047
$5, 645, 309
.042
528, 638, 763
31, 899, 398
191, 162
(657, 001, 003)
'310,188,713
1 310, 188, 713
530, 041, 716
35, 102, 561
53, 993
13, 100, 703
3,515,416
10, 135
.025
.100
.188
(670, 667, 932)
16, 626, 254
12,122,777
98, 352, 049
43, 826, 172
1, 120, 087
10, 593, 204
14, 249, 961
.092
.108
.325
154, 300, 998
25, 963, 252
2 76, 917, 269
1, 494, 329
4,912,131
48, 052, 882
26, 529
942, 982
3, 822, 776
590, 173
59. 841, 802
2, 827, 756
115,229
2. 942, 985
327, 779, 734
2, 433, 078
1,536,312
5, 302, 709
50, 022, 573
26, 529
808, 964
2, 881, 656
291, 635
240,111
343, 463
1, 268, 258
8, 966, 686
4,410
228, 968
510, 509
12,310
63, 303, 456
11,574,715
.099
.224
.239
.179
.166
.283
.177
.042
1, 652, 466
331,057
40, 659
18, 676
.025
.056
59, 335
162,204,417
Sulphate equivalent of all forms do.
695, 543, 349
50, 036, 646
693, 782
898. 465, 061
714,752,882
48, 523, 937
192, 549
909, 618, 826
121,813
59, 990, 678
6, 419, 743
17, 818, 236
4, 559, 535
12, 041
22,389,812
.0249
.0940
.0625
1 Includes gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
2 Of this amount 75,760,334 gallons were refined on the premises to make the derived products listed.
18
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 5. — By-products obtained from coke-oven
operations, 1921-1928 —
Contd.
Production
Sales
Product
Quantity
Value
Total
Average
1922
Gas:
Used under boilers, etc M c
Used in steel or affiliated plants..
Distributed through city mains..
Sold for industrial use
ubicfeet..
....do....
..._do....
do....
gallons..
do....
do....
do....
do_-..
do._._
do....
do....
pounds. -
do_...
I 3 442,671,114
f 19,123,814
144, 976, 030
1 56, 930, 253
1 10, 352, 921
$1, 251, 325
15, 942, 446
20, 326, 648
1, 104, 096
$0. 0654
.1100
.3570
.1066
231,383,018
38, 624, 515
. 1669
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil ■_
< 101, 437, 555
5, 138, 095
630, 768
.1228
Benzol —
Crude
Refined ...
Motor benzol
Toluol-
Crude
Refined
Solvent naphtha .
Other light oil products
2, 666, 177
10, 419, 504
57, 025, 699
38, 159
1,955,119
2, 983, 858
580, 058
2, 665, 889
9, 590, 459
54, 930, 203
3,938
1, 906, 122
2, 861, 482
212,712
698, 437
2, 736 944
10, 491, 309
652
556, 363
538, 512
14, 949
.2620
.2854
.1910
.1656
2919
.1882
.0703
75, 668, 574
77, 308, 900
15, 667, 934
.2027
Naphthalene:
Crude
Refined
6, 107, 742
1, 810, 972
3, 298, 851
1, 589, 084
52, 103
79, 149
.0158
.0498
7, 918, 714
4, 887, 935
131, 252
.0269
154, 507
Value of all by-products sold..
83, 387, 763
gallons..
pounds. _
).__do-._.
....do....
ubic feet..
....do....
....do....
do....
gallons..
....do....
do....
1923 6
Tar
440, 390, 000
210, 746, 000
9, 226, 000
.044
Ammonia:
Sulphate
Ammonia liquor 6 (NH3 content
904, 465, 000
60, 659, 000
875, 163, 000
59, 573, 000
25, 595, 000
5, 771, 000
.029
.097
31, 366, 000
1, 147, 101, 000
1, 113, 455, 000
Gas:
Used under boilers, etc .M c
Used in steel or affiliated plants..
Distributed through city mains. .
Sold for industrial use
\ '598,412,000
f 34, 382, 000
197, 149, 000
1 68, 902, 000
1 17, 709, 000
1, 813, 000
22, 402, 000
24, 348, 000
3, 594, 000
.053
.114
.353
.203
318, 142, 000
52, 157, 000
.164
._-
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil
135, 166, 000
8, 990, 000
941, 000
.105
Benzol —
Crude..
Refined
Motor benzol
| 16, 252, 000
77, 418, 000
51, 000
2, 793, 000
4, 413, 000
441, 000
16, 279, 000
77, 453, 000
6,000
2, 676, 000
3, 727, 000
200, 000
3, 596, 000
12, 533, 000
1,000
765, 000
641, 000
16,000
.221
.162
Toluol —
Crude
Refined
Solvent naphtha
Other light oil products
do....
do....
do....
do....
pounds -.
do....
.167
.286
.172
.080
101, 368, 000
109, 331, 000
18, 493, 000
.169
Naphthalene:
Crude.
Refined
11, 541, 000
1, 180, 000
9, 698, 000
1, 238, 000
206, 000
68, 000
.021
.055
12, 721, 000
10. 936, 000
274, 000
.025
200, 000
111,716,000
3 Includes gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
* 98,432,100 gallons, including 4,200,000 gallons of purchased oil, was refined on the premises to make the
derived products listed.
5 Preliminary figures, subject to revision.
6 Includes a small amount of other forms of ammonia.
7 Includes gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
19
Table 6. — Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all sources in the United States, 1918-1923
[Data for coke ovens and gas works from reports to United States Geological Survey; for tar refineries and
others to United States Tariff Commission]
By-product
coke
plants
(sales) 1
Gas works
(sales) 1
Tar
refineries
and all
other estab-
lishments
(production)
Total
commercial
production 2
Benzene (all grades except motor benzol) :
Gallons —
1918
1919 3
1920
1921
1922
1923
Value —
1918
1919 3
1920
1921
1922
1923
Motor benzol:
Gallons —
1918
1919
1920.
1921.
1922.
1923.
Value —
1918.
1919.
1920
1921
1922
1923
Toluene, all grades:
Gallons —
1918 l
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
Value —
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
Solvent naphtha, crude and refined, including
xylene:
Gallons —
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
Value—
1918
1919....
1920
1921
1922.
1923 •___.
Naphthalene, all grades:
Pounds —
1918
1919.
1920
1921
1922
1923
43, 441, 980
63, 077, 463
17, 230, 776
6, 839, 021
12, 256, 348
16, 279, 000
$11,966,367
11,643,645
4, 497, 823
1, 611, 721
3, 435, 381
3, 596, 000
2, 177, 168
( 4 )
(0
( 4 )
( 4 )
( 4 )
$572, 950
( 4 )
( 4 )
( 4 )
( 4 )
( 4 )
Included under benzene
above
* 55, 764, 265 467, 126
50, 022, 573 8 350, 000
54, 930, 203 (»)
77, 453, 000 (*)
Included under benzene
above
M2,644,931 112,849
8, 966, 686 * 70, 000
10, 491, 309 (•>)
12, 533, 000 («)
8, 541, 366
1, 353, 827
2, 470, 364
835, 493
1, 910, 060
2, 682, 000
$12, 249, 702
355, 990
740, 722
233, 378
557, 015
766, 000
" 3, 284, 037
■3 3, 649, 066
4, 695, 464
2, 881, 656
2, 861, 482
3, 927, 000
11 $458, 689
■3 557, 416
851, 048
510, 509
538, 512
657, 000
15, 890, 447
6, 702, 040
14, 448, 762
1, 983, 523
4, 887, 935
10, 936, 000
3, 965, 518
( 4 )
8 2, 000
» 1, 000
(10)
8 2,000
$5, 597, 353
( 4 )
8 300
8 270
(10)
8 570
1, 442, 267
( 4 )
( 4 )
( 4 )
( 9 )
( 4 )
$191,475
( 4 )
h
( 4 )
m
( 4 )
896, 080
( 4 )
1, 760, 293
( 4 )
(«)
( 4 )
3, 015, 848
1, 826, 373
875, 561
2, 171, 631
5 774, 940
394, 906
$994, 161
560, 547
287, 586
463, 205
s 215, 136
118,505
1, 596, 353
510, 957
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
$3, 044, 890
235, 321
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
12 965, 458
( 9 )
(»)
( 9 )
( 5 ) ( 9 )
( 9 )
12 $232, 003
( 9 )
( 9 )
( 9 )
( 5 ) ( 9 )
(»)
40, 138, 092
12, 612, 203
26,393,411
16, 949, 464
19, 323, 393
41, 453, 002
48, 634, 996
3 65, 403, 836
18, 141, 337
9, 045, 642
13, 071, 288
16, 708, 906
$13, 533, 478
12, 296, 192
4, 794, 409
2, 082, 926
3, 664, 517
3, 725, 505
( 6 )
( 6 )
( 6 )
55, 622, 482
80, 637, 520
( 6 )
( 6 )
( 6 )
10, 657, 074
13, 238, 871
14, 103, 237
1, 884, 784
(10(
(10)
(10)
(10)
$20, 891, 945
596, 511
(10)
(10)
(10)
(10)
5, 691, 762
4, 128, 747
5, 384, 560
3, 627, 488
3, 680, 811
4, 568, 593
$882, 167
672, 685
994, 205
644, 548
773, 336
849, 614
56, 924, 619
20, 114, 243
42, 602, 466
19, 432, 987
25, 411, 328
54, 189, 002
[For footnotes see page 20.]
20
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 6. — Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all souces in the United States, 1 91 8-1 923— Continued.
By-product
coke
plants
(sales)
Gas works
(sales)
Tar
refineries
and all
other estab-
lishments
(production)
Total
commercial
production
Naphthalene, all grades— Continued
Value—
1918
1919
1920.
1921
1922
1923 ...
$650, 229
191, 364
487, 974
59, 335
131, 252
274, 000
$14, 282
0)
63, 449
0)
(<)
$1, 281, 440
327, 201
791, 403
380, 167
352, 957
652, 148
$1, 945, 951
542, 565
1, 342, 826
462, 502
536, 209
1, 006, 148
1 Sales instead of production are here given to avoid double counting between production of crude and
pure grades, and because such of the product as is used in the coke plant or gas works is not available for
commercial use.
2 Totals include estimates for firms not reporting, or actual figures for items that can not be shown sepa-
rately without disclosing individual returns.
3 Includes motor benzol and 13,000 gallons of gasoline used in blending.
4 Reports incomplete. Estimate included in total.
5 Revised figure, to eliminate duplication through certain plants reporting both to the Tariff Commission
and to the Geological Survey.
6 Data not collected from tar refiners prior to 1922.
7 Includes 1,333,000 gallons of gasoline used in blending.
8 Estimate.
9 Included in total, but can not be shown separately without disclosing individual returns.
10 A certain quantity of toluene was produced both at gas works and at tar refineries, but the figures can
not be given without disclosing individual returns.
11 Includes 52,847 gallons of xylene, valued at $9,937, and 107,375 gallons of crude heavy solvent, valued
at $8,769.
12 Includes 192,969 gallons of xylene, valued at $67,935.
13 Includes 23,088 gallons of xylene, valued at $4,563.
Table 7. — Production of coal-tar crudes, 1923, by firms not primarily engaged in
the operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers given on
page 195. An X indicates that the corresponding product was made by a manufacturer who did not
consent to the publication of his name in connection therewith. A blank in the third and fourth columns
indicates that there was actual production of the corresponding article, but that the figures can not be
published without revealing the output of individual firms.]
Manufacturers' identification num-
bers according to list on page 195
Unit of
quantity
1923
Name
Quantity
Value
Value
per unit
Total crudes L—
$25, 067, 086
16, 21, 49, 152, X, X
Gallons .
...do
394, 906
118,505
$0. 300
16, X
16
...do
Naphthalene(crude) .
8, 15, 16, 34, 49, 53, 97, 114, 134, 152,
158, 167, 181, X.
158, 167
Pounds .
...do
41,453,002
652, 148
.016
less than 30 per
cent).
158, 185.. ,
_..do
less than 65 per
cent).
Cresol or cresylic
acid (crude).
13, 16, 42, 49, 114, 158
Gallons .
...do
16, 130
Solvent naphtha.. ..
Dead or creosote oil..
13, 16, 49, 97, 167, X.
...do
501, 754
38, 636, 974
142, 122
4, 266, 785
.283
8, 13, 16, 21, 34, 42, 49, 53, 97, 101, 114,
134, 158, 167, 181, 201, X.
8, 158, 167
...do
..do...
.110
Pitch of tar
8, 13, 16, 21, 34, 42, 49, 53, 97, 101, 114,
134, 158, 167, 181, X, X.
8, 16, 34, 42, 49, 101, 114,158, 181, X, X.
8, 16, 21, 34, 42, 53, 97, 101, 114, 134,
167, 181, X, X.
49, 152, X
Tons
Gallons .
Barrels..
Gallons .
675, 628
14,801,569
1, 675, 213
9, 684, 547
1,941,495
5, 944, 085
14. 334
Other distillates
Refined tar
.131
3.548
1 The instructions sent to manufacturers were as follows: Include under dead or creosote oil only prod-
ucts which may be used for creosoting. Include under other distillates shingle stain oils, disinfectant
oils, and flotation oils which do not contain over 5 per cent of phenol. Include under refined tars those
tars which are used for road treatment, saturating felt, and for protective coatings. Phenol and all dis-
tillates which, on being subjected to distillation, yield in the portion distilling below 190° C. a quantity
of tar acids equal to or more than 5 per cent of the original distillate, or which, on being subjected to dis-
tillation, yield in the portion distilling below 215° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more than 75 per
cent of the original distillate, are not to be included here but are to be placed under intermediates.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 21
Imports.- — Domestic imports for consumption are given in the
Appendix in Part VI of this publication. In general, imports of
crudes in 1923 registered an increase over those of 1922. One of the
principal reasons for this was the large raw material requirements of
the timber preserving and chemical industries. Dead or creosote oil,
used largely as a timber preservative, led this group both in quantity
and value, with a total of 64,199,636 gallons, valued at $10,071,393.
This was approximately a 54 per cent increase over the figures for
1922.
The imports of naphthalene ranked second, totaling 20,992,439
pounds, valued at $575,702, compared with 3,144,332 pounds, valued
at $54,029, for 1922. Owing to the demand for this product, im-
ports were large during the first seven months of 1923. The in-
crease in price stimulated production and during the latter part of
the year the price receded to the January level. Imports of crude
cresylic acid totaled 5,761,011 pounds, with a value of $489,824.
Other coal-tar crudes showing an increased importation during 1923
include anthracene (purity less than 30 per cent), 869,780 pounds,
valued at $23,925; pyridine, 764,918 pounds, valued at $266,184; and
benzene, 701,857 pounds, valued at $21,903.
Intermediates
description
This class of coal-tar chemicals does not occur as such in coal tar,
but is prepared from the crudes (benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and
anthracene) by chemical treatment with sulphuric acid, nitric acid,
alkalies, chlorine, or other chemicals. From fewer than 10 coal-tar
crudes 200 to 300 intermediates are prepared for use in the pro-
duction of hundreds of dyes. The various chemical stages in the
conversion of crudes to intermediates are (1) nitration, (2) reduction,
(3) sulphonation, (4) caustic fusion, (5) chlorination, (6) alkylation,
(7) liming, (8) condensation, (9) carboxylation, (10) oxidation, and
(11) diazotization.
Intermediates are therefore the raw materials which are converted
by complex chemical processes into dyes, medicinals, perfumes,
flavors, photographic chemicals, and synthetic resins and tanning
materials. They are also used as accelerators in the vulcanization
of rubber, as camphor substitutes, in the direct production of dyes
on the fiber, and for increasing the fastness of dyed colors, in which
case they are known as "developers." After purification, many
intermediates are used directly as drugs, perfumes, and flavors.
PRODUCTION
The production of intermediates in the United States in 1923 is
given in Table 8 in as great detail as is possible without revealing
the output of individual manufacturers. The total output in 1923
was 231,393,871 pounds, compared with 165,048,155 pounds in
1922. Sales in 1923 totaled 83,582,808 pounds, with a value of
$18,916,058. The average price of intermediates sold in 1923 was
22 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
$0,226, as compared with $0,223 for 1922. Although the average
price of the total sales for 1923 and 1922 shows practically no change,
there were marked decreases in the average sales prices of certain
basic intermediates. As an offset to these declines there were in-
creased quantities of the special and more costly intermediates enter-
ing into the production of the faster types of dyes. The average
sales price of aniline showed little change, being $0,158 for 1923, as
compared with $0,151 for 1922. It is of interest to note, in this con-
nection, that aniline oil was quoted at $0.10^ in 1913 and that the
invoice value of imports in the fiscal year 1913-14 was $0,071. During
the war it was quoted as high as 40 to 50 cents per pound. H acid
decreased from $0.73 in 1922 to $0,675 in 1923, while b-naphthol,
tech., declined from $0.24 to $0.22. Naphthalene, refined, declined
from $0.06 to $0,058 per pound, and anthraquinone (100 per cent),
required for the manufacture of synthetic alizarin and anthraquinone
vat dyes, receded from $1.34 to $0,947 per pound.
The total number of intermediates reported was 311, of which
over 80 were not reported during 1922. Many of these new products
comprised intermediates of great complexity, and their production
represents notable progress in the dye industry. They are almost
entirely required for the manufacture of the fast and special types
of colors, in which field the industry made a conspicuous expansion
during 1923.
Aniline. — Aniline manufactured from benzene, through the inter-
mediate product nitrobenzene, is the most important of all finished
intermediates. It ranked, in 1923, first in value and quantity.
Aniline is used in the production of dyes of almost every class,
whether the classification be based on the method of application or
on the chemical constitution. Three of the leading domestic dyes by
quantity of output, namely, Indigo, Direct black EW, and Agalma
black 10B, require aniline in their manufacture. The output of
aniline in 1923 was 26,671,961 pounds, compared with 21,401,864
pounds in 1922. The largest output was in 1920, when the total was
39,234,186 pounds, valued at $10,923,648.
Naphthalene derivatives. — The most important intermediate derived
from naphthalene is b-naphthol. The output in 1923 was 5,741,355
pounds, compared with a production of 3,255,901 pounds in 1922.
Sales in 1923 were 4,528,238 pounds, valued at $994,635, or 22 cents
per pound, a decrease of 2 cents per pound from that of the previous
year.
H acid (l-amino-8-naphthol-3:6-disulphonic acid) ranks second
among naphthalene derivatives and is one of the most important
intermediates required for the production of direct cotton and acid
dyes of the azo class. Production of H acid in 1923 was 3,462,664
pounds, with sales amounting to 1,392,506 pounds, valued at $940,272.
Phthalic anhydride is another intermediate derived from naphtha-
lene. It is essential to the preparation of synthetic anthraquinone,
which, in turn, is the intermediate used in the production of synthetic
alizarin and the anthraquinone vat dyes, including the indanthrenes
and most of the algols. In addition, phthalic anhydride is used in
the preparation of fluorescein, the eosine dyes, and the rhodamines.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 23
The domestic production of phthalic anhydride in 1923 established a
new record, 2,343,802 pounds, compared with 1,629,182 pounds in
1922.
Fumaric and mdleic acid. — In 1923 production was reported for the
first time of these two acids by a synthetic process — the direct oxida-
tion of benzene with air in the presence of a catalyst. This is a
notable discovery of the domestic chemical industry. These two acids
appear to hold "considerable promise of application in the chemical
and associated industries. Maleic acid may serve as the base for
the manufacture of many hitherto rare compounds. It is now con-
verted into malic acid, which is used as a food acidulant. Fumaric
acid is used in the textile industry.
Anthraquinone. — The large increase in the production of anthra-
quinone in 1923 represents one of the significant stages of progress
in that year. Anthraquinone is used in the manufacture of certain
vat dyes" (including indanthrenes and most of the algol dyes, synthetic
alizarin, and other alizarin derivatives.) Anthraquinone is produced
in the United States by the oxidation of anthracene, the latter being
derived from coal tar, and by synthesis from phthalic anhydride and
benzene. There has been a marked tendency to increase the propor-
tion of the total domestic output by the synthetic process. The total
production of anthraquinone in 1923 was 857,190 pounds, compared
with 395,107 pounds in 1922. Approximately one-half of the total
1923 output was produced by the synthetic process, this representing
a very large increase in the proportion produced by this process over
that of 1922.
Special intermediates register large increase. — -An examination of the
intermediates used in the preparation of fast and special dyes, these
being consumed in relatively small quantities as compared with bulk
colors, shows a greatly increased output of these special products in
1923. Among these may be mentioned Chicago acid (l-amino-8-
naphthol-2:4-disulphonic acid), J-acid urea, diethyl-m-aminophenol,
ethyl benzyl aniline, xylidine, Broenner's acid, 2-chloro-5-toluidine-4-
sulphonic acid, J-acid (2-amino-5-naphthol-7-sulphonic acid), pyraz-
olone, Michler's ketone, benzoyl chloride, and the anthraquinone
derivatives.
New intermediates. — In 1923 production of 311 coal-tar interme-
diates was reported, of which over 80 were new products not reported
during the year 1922. These new products comprise for the most
part intermediates used in the manufacture of the more complex dyes
and other coal-tar products and several used in the vulcanization of
rubber. The developments of the year are indicated by the pro-
duction of these more complex products, presenting many technical
problems in their production on a commercial scale. Among these
recent additions are included chloropyrazolone, dehydrothio-m-
xylidine, dibenzylsulphoxide, dimethyltetra aminodiphenylmethane,
ethyl carbazole. fumaric acid, maleic acid, methyl anthraquinone,
phenazine, quinaldine, tetraaminoditolylmethane. and several anthra-
quinone derivatives.
24 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
INVESTIGATION OF PHENOL AND CRESYLIC ACID UNDER SECTION 315
Phenol. — An investigation under the provisions of section 315,
Title III of the act of 1922, was ordered by the Tariff Commission
on May 4, 1923, in response to a request for a decrease in the duty
on phenol.
The foreign (Great Britain) and domestic costs investigations were
completed during the period from June to November, 1923, and on
December 13, 1923, after giving due notice as required by law, the
commission ordered a public hearing for January 24, 1924. The
hearing was completed on that date and further oral argument was
waived. Interested parties were given until March 15, 1924, for the
filing of briefs.
The present annual consumption of phenol is estimated to be about
11,000,000 pounds. The production of natural phenol from coal tar
is only a fraction of this, and the production from this source in the
United States is supplemented by synthetic phenol.
The cost of manufacture of synthetic phenol is higher than that of
natural phenol. A comparison of the cost of manufacture of phenol
(natural) in England, obtained by the Tariff Commission, with a
weighted average of the cost of the domestic natural and synthetic
phenol show that if the total English cost is taken as 100 the domestic
weighted average is 142.5.
The manufacturer in Great Britain has the advantage of cheaper
raw materials (tar acids) than the American manufacturer, and
furthermore the percentage of phenols is higher in the British tar
than in the American tar.
The lower-cost natural phenol at the time of the investigation
supplied a greater part of consumption than the synthetic product.
The output of synthetic phenol is increasing and in future will be
a factor of increasing importance in supplying requirements.
Large increase in output of phenol: The large output of phenol
in 1923 represents one of the notable expansions in the industry
during that year. The production for 1923 was 3,310,911 pounds,
compared with 1,285,978 pounds in 1922. Total sales during 1923
were 2,180,244 pounds, valued at $589,822 ($0.27 per pound), as
against a total sales of 1,266,552 pounds, valued at $268,311, in 1922
($0.21 per pound).
The Government war stock carry-over of phenol, which amounted
to approximately 35,000,000 pounds, was believed to be 'sufficient
for a four years' normal supply based upon pre-war consumption
of about 9,000,000 pounds a year. Owing to the increased demand
for phenol in the manufacture of synthetic phenolic resins, the war
stocks were exhausted sooner than was anticipated.
Several manufacturers started producing synthetic phenol in 1923.
One of the large manufacturers of phenolic resins has built a synthetic
phenol plant and estimates that its production will be at the rate
of 7,000,000 pounds a year by the end of 1924. . The Barrett Co.
estimates its production of phenol for the year 1924 at from
2,000,000 to 2,500,000 pounds.
The synthetic phenol will probably be a factor of increasing
importance in supplying domestic requirements.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAXrTAR CHEMICALS, 1923 25
Cresylic acid.— -On May 4, 1923, the commission ordered an in-
vestigation of cresylic acid for the purposes of section 315 of the
tariff act of 1922, in response to requests for a decrease in the duty
on cresol or cresylic acid.
The foreign and domestic costs investigations were completed
during the period from June to November, 1923, and on December
13, 1923, the commission ordered a public hearing for January 24,
1924, which was postponed at that time to February 14, 1924. The
hearing was completed on that date and further oral argument was
waived. Interested parties were given until March 15, 1924, for
the filing of briefs. As a result of the cost investigation conducted
by the Tariff Commission, it was found that, taking the domestic cost
of manufacture of cresylic acid as 100, the cost of manufacture in
the United Kingdom was 50.46 in 1923.
It is difficult accurately to estimate domestic consumption of
cresylic acid. In the period from 1917 to 1920, inclusive, when
imports were fairly uniform and when there was little domestic
production, the total imports indicate an annual consumption of
cresylic acid of between 8,000,000 and 10,000,000 pounds. Although
the total potential capacity of domestic producers of cresylic acids
is estimated at approximately 9,500,000 pounds, domestic produc-
tion has been about one-half of the maximum capacity.
Taking into consideration the expansion of the consuming indus-
tries, it seems likely that the present consumption of cresol and
cresylic acid is between 10,000,000 and 12,000,000 pounds per year.
In the manufacture of cresols and cresylic acid from coal-tar distil-
lates as carried on both in the United States and abroad phenol is
one of the by-products obtained. The crude tar acids, after removal
of the crude phenol fraction, yield various grades of cresols and
cresylic acids. In American practice the fractions usually obtained,
in their order after the crude phenol fraction, are (1) ortho cresol,
(2) meta and para cresol, (3) cresol U. S. P., (4) refined cresylic acid,
(5) crude cresylic acid 97-99 per cent straw color, and (6) crude
cresylic acid 95 per cent dark. Both in the United Kingdom and in
this country the companies consider that the production cost of
cresylic acid and the production cost of crude carbolic acid are the
same, because they are produced simultaneously in the same plant.
Cresylic acid records large increase in production: As in the case of
Ehenol, the production of cresylic acid registered a notable increase,
eing about double that of the previous year.
The production of cresylic acid has shown a large increase since
the passage of the tariff act of 1922. During recent months the im-
ports of duty-free cresylic acid have increased greatly. These imports
comprised in large part a grade of cresylic acid just below the speci-
fications of the dutiable grades of paragraph 27 of the act, a grade
which is readily converted into a refined cresylic acid by a simple
distillation.
1760— 24t 3
26
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 8.
STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION.
-Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1923
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
page 195. An X signifies that the manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his identification
number in connection with the designated product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates
that sales figures can not be published without revealing information in regard to the output of individ-
ual firms. A blank in the sixth column indicates that the production of the corresponding product
in the United States can not be published without revealing information in regard to the output of indi-
vidual firms. The figures thus concealed are, however, included in the total]
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
according to list on
page 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Pounds
83, 582, 808
$18, 916, 058
$0.23
Pounds
231,393,871
7, 80, 122, 128, 166,
167.
6, 7, 63, 82, 88, 131,
167.
63
249,099
65,306
.26
Acetyl-p-phenylenediamine (p-
133, 214
amino acetanilide) .
39,63, 167
237, 927
151
Aldehyde aniline derivatives
X .
63, 137
7, 32, 36, 64, 74, 88, 91,
131, 133.
63, 133
122,370
131,133
32, 63, 64, 88, 91, 131,
133, 155.
133
95, 202
63
131
63, 126, 166
18,241
85
Aminodiphenylamine sulfonic acid
202
l-Amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid
6, 19, 32, 39, 63, 88,
133, 167, X, X.
39, 63, 131, 137
.60
792, 639
l-Amino-8-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid
143, 945
l-Amino-8-naphthol-2:4 - disulfonic
39, 63, 131, 137
101, 570
acid (Chicago acid).
l-Amino-8-naphthol-3:6-disulfonic
acid (H acid).
2-Amino-5-naphthol-7-sulfonic acid
25, 63, 88, 125, 131,
137.
39, 63, 131, 137, X...
1, 392, 506
940, 272
.68
3, 462, 664
145, 540
(J acid).
2-Amino-8-naphthol-6-sulfonic acid
25, 32, 39, 63, 131,
137, X.
137
1.51
306, 605
(gamma acid).
2-Amino-8-naphthol-3:6-disulfonic
acid.
82, 195, 202
14, 483
60, 859
33, 812
68, 646
2.33
1.13
p-Aminophenol and hydrochloride.
9, 57, 63, 68, 82, 137,
195, 202.
7, 25, 63, 131, 202.. .
135, 564
30, 119
6, 39, 52, 63, 88, 131,
137.
63
62, 136
63
131, X
•27, 87, 131
775, 571
14, 506, 027
13, 279
174, 850 | .23
2,293,639 .16
3,958 .30
800, 350
27, 63, 87, 122, 124,
128, 131, 132.
63,91, 131, 132, 151...
131
26,671,961
63, 137, 202 . ...
3,717
9,628 , 2.59
15, 418
8, 63, 185 . .
tent 86 per cent) .
Anthranilic acid (o-aminobenzoic
acid) .
62, 63, 128, 190
1.03
.95
45, 312
18, 63, 107, 131, 163,
857, 190
185.
88, 131.
137
18, 63, 131, 137
450, 701
(silver salt) .
131
227, 521
Benzaldehyde
Benzanthrone
Benzidine, base.
Benzidine sulfate and hydrochlo-
ride.
44, 78, 142, 180, 192, X
63,122,137 ..
165, 431
.73
263, 007
32,39,63,78,88,131...!
3, 88, 131, 137, X .
202, 590 162, 775
.80
768, 880
1
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 27
Table 8. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 192S — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
according to list on
page 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
44,95, 166, X
Pounds
749, 645
$450, 889
$0.60
.59
.68
Pounds
749, 885
44,63,95,137,166
118, 058
44, 166, X
38, 381
25,911
62, 822
142 ..
131
17, 95, X
131,142,192
132
62
Broenner's acid. (See 2-naphthy-
lamine-6-sulfonic acid.
63,185...
95 per cent) .
68 .
202. .
202
202 ..
p-Chloroaniline sulfonic acid
202
131
::::;:::::
63,137
62,95, 107, X
5, 293, 974
390, 940
.07
7, 024, 604
137
80,133
X
63 ..
202
Chloro-m-phenylenediamine
133
63
131
63..
63, 121, 167,202
Chromotropic acid. (See l:8-di-
hydroxy naphthalene-3:6-disulfo-
nic acid.)
Cresol, ortho, metaand para
118
93
Cresylic acid, refined (distillates
yielding below 215° C. tar acids
equal to or more than 75 per cent
of the original distillate.)
Dehydrothio-p-toluidine sulfonic
acid.
13, 16
19, 70,80, 137, 147, X..
62, 011
137
133
6,63,70,80,131, 137
129, 625
39, 63, 131, 137
3.69
89, 929
131
l-Diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid. .
32, 39, 88, 131, 133, X..
249, 714
137
132
137
none.
137
62
39, 202
151
62, 107, X
62. 95, 107, 138, X
151
1, 315, 546
200, 434
.15
1, 419, 879
Dichlorophenylhydrazine sulfonic
acid.
Dichlorophthalic anhydride
56
63
63, 131, 180,205 ..
.48
125, 713
63
Dihydroxyanthraquinone sulfonic
acid.
5:5-Dihydroxy-7:7-disulfonic-2:2-
dinaphthyl urea (J acid urea).
1 :5-Dihydroxynaphthalene
l:8-Dihydroxynaphthalene-3:6-di-
sulfonicacid (chromotropic acid).
190
131, 137, X .
6,88
125, 131, 137
151,303
7, 27, 63, 85, 87, 131..
63
1, 502, 265
562. 992
.38
2, 681, 751
Dimethylphenazine (tolazine)
Dimethyltetraaminodiphenylme-
thane.
Dinitroanthraquinone
131
151 .
84,131
28 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 8. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1923 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden
tification numbers
according to list on
page 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
137
Pounds
Pounds
27,63,131,195
12
575, 089
$107, 258
$0.19
2, 064, 150
12,63,88,107,131....
133.
1, 039, 333
166, 277
.16
7, 445, 467
Dinitrochlorobenzene-p-sulfonic
acid.
2:6-Dinitrochlorobenzene-4-sul-
202
fonic acid.
12,88
133
12,63,64,81,91,131..
63
1, 243, 945
183, 016
.15
4, 304, 198
12, 61, 63, 131, 149, X.
131
846, 431
914, 618
1.09
867, 019
132
131
Dithiobenzoyldisulfide
132
63
131
p-Ditolylsulfoxide
132
X
63,85,132
131
131
126
36, 63, 131, 205...
36, 63, 131, 180, 205 ..
1.14
213, 034
36,63
36,80, 131 ..
63
132
X
7, 56, 63, 91
61, 636
Formaldehyde-p-amino aniline
85
63, 132, 167, X...
131.
Gamma acid. (See 2-amino-8-
naphthol-6-sulfonic acid.)
H acid. (See l-amino-8-naphthol-
3:6-disulfonic acid.)
132
39, 63
63, 131
(naphthol AS).
108, 120
and sodium salt.
X.
137..
X
137
J acid. (See 2-amino-o-naphthol-
7-sulfonic acid.)
Laurent's acid. (See 1-naphthyl-
amine-5-sulfonic acid.)
X
131
131
X
tives.
6, 39, 63, 64, 88, 91,
131, 133.
205
412, 791
X..
163, X
132 ..
131
acid.
63.
137, X...
::::::::::::
Michler's hydrol. (See Tetrame-
thyldiamino benzhydrol.)
Michler's ketone. (See Tetrame-
thyldiamino benzophenone.)
Naphthalene, solidifying 79° C. or
above (refined, flake).
13,16,27,34,35, 114,
137, 182, 201, X.
63, 131, 137.
21, 871, 196
1, 270, 722
.06
28, 183, 784
85, 502
2:7-Naphthalene disulfonic acid
63, 167
PEODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 29
Table 8. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1923 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
according to list on
page 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
1:3:6-Naphthalene trisulfonic acid..
1 :8-Naphthasulfone-3-sulfonic acid .
167
Pounds
Pounds
137
7, 32, 39, 91, 96, 131,
171, 184.
27,32,39,91,167,171
27.
57, 274
4, 528, 236
$35, 674
994, 635
$0.62
.22
233, 578
5, 741, 355
b-Naphthol, U.S.P
l-Naphthol-8-chloro-3:6-disulfonic
acid (chloro H acid) .
l-Naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (Nevile
& Winther's acid).
131
7, 32, 52, 63, 88, 131,
137.
6, 39, 63, 88, 125, 131,
133, 137.
167
285, 317
166, 191
l-Naphthol-3 :6-disulfonic acid
l-Naphthol-3:8-disulfonic acid
l-Naphthol-3:6:8-trisulfonic acid. . .
2-Naphthol-l-sulfonic acid
2-Naphthol-6-sulfonic acid (Schaef-
fer's acid).
63
32, 131, 137
63
6, 32, 39, 63, 64, 88,
131, 137, X.
39, 63, 167
146, 755
63, X
2-Naphthol-3:6-disulfonic acid. ...
2-Naphthol-6 :8-disulfonic acid
Naphtho - 1:8 - sultam - 2:4 - disul-
fonic acid.
Naphtho - 1:3 - sulton - 8 - sulfonic
acid.
3, 25, 27, 32, 39, 63,
88, 131, 137, 167,
190, 198, X.
25, 27, 32, 39, 131, X..
150, 149
75, 911
.51
613, 777
63.
39
16,63,137
862, 518
260, 218
.30
.75
.40
6,39,63,131
505, 819
l-Naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid
7, 32, 39, 52, 63, 91,
131, 137, X.
121,694
49, 054
1,491,963
l-Naphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid
6, 32, 63, 88, 91, 131,
133, X
277, 288
l-Naphthylamine-6-sulfonic acid..
131
39, 131,137, X
341, 295
acid.
6,63, 131, 133
6
acid (Freund's acid).
l-Naphthylamine-3:8-d i su 1 f o n i c
acid.
l-Naphthylamine-4:8-di sulfonic
acid.
l-Naphthylamine-3:6:8-trisulfonic
acid.
39,63,137
55, 577
39, 63, 131, 137
595, 493
63,131,137
3, 524, 246
28,39,66,167
169, 018
159, 567
.94
281, 738
2-Naphthylamine-6-sulfonic acid
(Broenner's acid).
2-Naphthylamine-4:8-disulfonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-5:7-d i s u 1 f o n i c
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-6:8-disulfonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-3:6:8-trisulfonic
acid.
Nevile & Winther's acid. (See 1-
naphthol-4-sulfonic acid.)
6, 39, 63, 131
28, 884
39, 63, 137
39, 63, 131, 137, X .
247, 501
32,39, 63, 131, 137, X..
552, 010
137
25,39,63,167.
104, 496
64, 88, 133
25, 138
133
63, 195
7, 25, 166, 167, X
63, 80, 88, 167, 202
202
1, 530, 837
8,217
1, 054, 881
8,203
.69
1.00
2, 008, 003
p-Nitroaniline-o-sulfonic acid
22, 260
63, 137
63
126
Nitrobenzene (oil of mirbane)
27, 63, 87, 131, 132,
137.
1, 63, 166
2, 523, 592
261, 780
.10
45, 068, 881
40, 162
X
63
63, 128
p.-Nitrochlorobenzene
63,128..
30 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 8. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1923 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
according to list on
page 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
o- Ni trochlorobenzene-p-s u 1 f o n i c
acid,
p- Nitrochlorobenzene-o-s u 1 f o n i c
acid.
133,202 ...
Pounds
Pounds
131,202
39,63
fonic acid.
202
3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic
acid.
108,120,126... _
16,63,137
195,202
46, 63, 128, 137, 195,
202.
X
133, 989
Nitrosodimethylaniline and hydro-
chloride.
27, 46, 63, 88, 107,
131, 132, 137, 204,
205, X.
6, 9, 12, 18, 68, 88, 131,
X, X.
131
23, 279
$27, 327
$1.17
284, 873
399, 308
63,64,81,91,131, 137.
12, 63, 81, 131, 137, X.
12,63..
7, 005, 352
3, 764, 647
12, 63, 81, 131, 137, X.
80
220, 784
112,982
.51
2, 285, 120
p-Nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid
6, 39, 63, 80, 131, 137,
202.
39,63,167
891, 537
158, 350
317, 308
2.00
160, 016
39,63,131,190
27,39,63, 131, 137
648, 192
126
'
63
Oxalyl-m-phenylenediamine
Oxalvl-p-phenvlenediamine
63
63
107
16, 62, 93, 118, 128,
148, 171, X.
62, 63, 131
2, 180, 244
589, 822
.27
3, 310, 911
Phenylglycine, and sodium salt
Phenylhydrazine, base and hydro-
chloride.
Phenyl hydrazine-o-sulfonic acid.-
Phenyl hydrazine-p-sulfonic acid..
Phenyl-1 : 8-dihydroxnaphthalene-
disulfonic acid (phenyl I acid).
11,166,650
179
88
27, 63, 151, 183
200, 632
131
63.
Phenyl-l-naphthylamine-8-sulfonic
acid.
6, 63, 88, 131, 133
328, 836
63
133
132
132
6, 27, 32, 39, 52, 63,
88,91,131,137,140,
195, X.
X
900, 412
74,82, 167, X
282, 204
372, 124
1.32
280, 656
Phthalic acid and anhydride -
63, 128, 131, X
25,27, 131, X
2, 091, 100
596, 508
.29
2, 343, 802
149, 310
19,63,80,131,147
166, 580
133,151
148 X
Resorcinol, U.S.P
1.
62, 63, 93, 124, 128, X.
.31
.32
.17
2, 857, 281
Salicylic acid, U.S.P ....
93, 124, 128, X .
27, 32, 39, 63, 87, SS,
91, 118, 131, 151,
183, 195.
1,244,028 1 393,343
186,480 31,104
1, 330, 048
1, 861, 884
salt.
Tetraaminoditolylmethane
Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
31
Table 8. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1923 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numbers
according to list on
page 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Tetraethyldiaminobenzhydrol
131
Pounds
Pounds
(ethylhydrol) .
Tetraethvldiaminodiphenvlme-
131.
thane (ethylmethane) .
Tetramethyldiaminobenzliydrol
63,80
(Michler's hydrol) .
Tetramethyldiaminobenzophe-
63
none (Michler's ketone) .
Tetramethyldiaminodiphenylme-
63, 80, 88, 131
thane.
Tetramethylthiouramdisulflde
132
Thioaniline
6
12, 85, 131, 132, X, X.
39, 63, 131, 137
2, 113, 059
$517, 748
$6.25
3, 309, 414
Tolidine and salts
166, 121
Tolidine disulfonic acid
X
o-Toluene sulfamide
X
p-Toluene sulfamide.
X
p-Toluene sulfochloride
128
Toluenesulfonyl ethyl ester
131
Toluidine.-.
63,81,131..
12,39,63,81,131,137,
X.
12,39,63,81,131,137,
202, X.
39, 63, 88, 91, 133, 202.
137.
807, 795
293, 212
107, 936
253, 399
.13
.86
1, 440, 884
p-Toluidine
1, 060, 848
101, 348
Toluidine sulfonic acid
p-Tolyl-o-benzoic acid
m-Tolylenediamine
6, 12, 32, 39, 52, 63, 64,
88, 91, 107, 131, 137,
X.
12
351, 172
326, 326
.93
1, 179, 457
p-Tol vlenediamine. .
Tolylenediamine, meta and para...
137
m-Tolylenediamine sulfate
131
m-Tolylenediamine sulfonic acid . . .
131
o-Tolylthiourea
132
Tolyl-l-naphthylamine-8-sulfonic
131
acid (tolyl-peri acid).
Tribromophenol
62
Trichlorofluorescein.
63...
Tricresyl phosphate
31...
131, 132
27,39,63,131,137
131
168, 752
72, 726
.43
363, 029
m-Xvlidine acetate
Zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate
132
Zinc dithiobenzoate
X
All other intermediates .
137. -
Table 8a. — Production of intermediates, by groups, according to unit values, 1921,
1922, and 1923
Group
1923
Pounds
Per cent
of total
1922
Pounds
Per cent
of total
Pounds
Per cent
of total
0-15 cents . .
16-25 cents.
26-50 cents .
51-75 cents .
$0.74-$l
$1.01-$1.50..
$1.51-$2
$2.01-$3
$3.01-$4
Over $4
Total
104, 419, 258
50, 233, 638
42, 556, 640
16, 486, 159
9, 664, 153
5, 587, 436
914, 837
951, 521
136, 302
443,927
45. 127
21. 709
18. 391
7.125
4.176
2.415
.395
.411
.059
.192
231,393,871
100.00
94, 688, 278
26, 233, 604
24, 399, 085
8, 289, 387
5, 918, 904
3, 957, 355
568, 339
721, 637
197,071
74, 495
57. 372
15. 894
14. 783
5.022
3. 58G
2.398
.344
.437
.119
.045
28,682,310
16, 986, 701
11,457,74!
4, 329, 047
4, 689, 343
2, 517, 764
1,204,584
731, 758
110.316
190, 348
165, 048, 155
40. 455
23.959
16. 160
6.106
6.614
3. 551
1.699
1. 032
.156
100.00 70,899,912 ! 100.00
32 united states tariff commission
Dyes and Other Finished Coal- Tar Products
introductory
Finished coal-tar products are divided into the following eight
classes: (1) Dyes, (2) color lakes, (3) photographic chemicals (de-
velopers), (4) medicinals, (5) flavors, (6) perfume materials, (7) syn-
thetic phenolic resins, (8) synthetic tanning materials. In previous
reports the Tariff Commission has emphasized the close relationship
existing between the manufacture of explosives, poisonous gases, and
dyes, also the fact that many explosive plants since the signing of the
armistice have been converted into dye factories. During the war
the dye plants of Germany supplied the army of that country with
poisonous gases and explosives. The dye industry is also closely
connected with the manufacture of flavors, perfume materials,
photographic chemicals, medicinals, and other coal-tar products,
which, although produced in smaller quantities than dyes, use as raw
materials many of the by-products obtained in the manufacture of
coal-tar dyes.
The production of dyes and other finished products in 1923 is
shown in Table 12 in as great detail as is possible without revealing
the output of individual manufacturers.
The total production of dyes and other finished coal-tar chemicals in
1923, by 164 firms, was 122,950,171 pounds, compared with a 1922
production, by 164 firms, of 88,368,131 pounds. Total sales in 1923
amounted to 115,297,586 pounds, with a value of $65,898,177. Pro-
duction during 1923 represented a 39 per cent increase in quantity
compared with that of 1922.
SUMMARY OF DYE PRODUCTION IN 1923
Large increase in output. — The output of dyes by 88 firms was
93,667,524 pounds, compared with 64,632,187 pounds in 1922.
Sales for the year 1923 totaled 86,567,446 pounds, with a value of
$47,223,161. In this connection it is of interest to compare the size
of the industry in 1923 with that existing prior to the war, the out-
put in 1914, by 7 firms, being 6,619,729 pounds, with a value of
$2,470,096. This production was almost entirely from imported
intermediates, chiefly from Germany.
Among the more important factors responsible for the large output
of dyes in 1923 may be included (1) the activity of the domestic
textile and dye-consuming industries, (2) the occupation of the
Ruhr, which caused a reduction in the output of the German dye
factories and consequently enabled the domestic producers to in-
crease their exports to Far East markets, (3) the relatively high
foreign price levels of dyes compared with those of the pre-war
period, and (4) the effect of the tariff act of 1922, giving special
protection to coal-tar products.
In contrast with other ad valorem rates in that act, the rates under
paragraphs 27 and 28, on imported coal-tar products competitive-
with the same or similar domestic products, are assessed on the-
American selling price of the domestic articles. As against this f
products noncompetitive with domestic products are assessed on the
"United States value," being the selling price of the imported dyes
in the domestic markets. In determining the dutiable value, cer-
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 33'
tain statutory deductions are made from the selling price to cover
transportation, duty, importer's expenses, and profits.
Another new feature was the basing of the specific duty on dyes
upon standards of strength in ordinary commercial use.
Further price reduction in dyes. — -The average selling price of dyes
during 1923 was $0,545 per pound, compared with $0.60 in 1922 and
$1.26 in 1917. The 1923 selling price is a 10 per cent decline from
that of 1922.
The average selling price of Indigo, which led in quantity of pro-
duction, was $0.23 for 1923 as against $0.24 for 1922. The average
price of Sulphur black for 1923 was $0.20 compared with $0.21 for
1922. This dye was second in quantity of production. The third
dye — Direct deep black EW — showed little change; the averager
price for 1923 was $0,428 compared with $0.42 in 1922. In the case
of Agalma black 10B, the average price receded from $0.79 in 1922
to $0.71 in 1923. Reductions were also recorded in the average
prices of many of the so-called special colors, which do not comprise
a large proportion of the total output, as is shown in the following
table.
Table 9 presents a comparison of the domestic sales prices of 100
dyes for the years 1917-1923, together with the invoice prices of the
same dyes imported during the year 1914. The colors for which
statistics are given in this table represent about 90 per cent of the
domestic production. It should be noted that the domestic sales
price is not directly comparable with the invoice prices in 1914,
Invoice prices do not represent the cost to the consumer, as they do
not include the importer's profit, or, in most cases, " charges for con-
tainers and packing, freight, and insurance to seaport, consular
certification, minor shipping charges at point of departure and at
seaport."
The Schultz number as indicated in column 1 is that of "Farb-
stoff-Tabellen " (Dyestuff Tables), by Gustav Schultz, 1914 edition.
Column 2 gives the common name of the dye as adopted by the
Tariff Commission for designating all dyes reported under a given
Schultz number (column 1). The invoice price (1914), shown in
column 3, represents the weighted average of all dyes classified
under a given Schultz number in "Artificial Dyestuffs Used in the
United States," Department of Commerce, Special Agents Series
No. 121. This weighted average price for all types is usually higher
than the invoice price per pound for dyes representing the bulk of
the importation under a given Schultz number. The individual dyes
imported under given Schultz numbers in the Norton Census show
a wide variation in price, frequently amounting to several hundred
per cent. This is due chiefly to the great divergence in concentration
of the different dyes and also to the variation in prices of special
and pure brands, which are more costly than the ordinary brands,
Column 4 gives the domestic sales price as reported to the Tariff
Commission, representing the weighted average price of all manu-
facturers for the dyes reported under a given Schultz number.
Most of these prices were published in the " Census of Dyes and
Coal-Tar Chemicals, for the years 1917-1922."
34
UNITED STATES TAKIFF COMMISSION
Table 9. — Domestic sales prices of 100 dyes, 1917-1923, compared with invoice
values of the same dyes imported, 1914
Name
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weighted
average
of all
types)
Average price per pound
Schultz
No.
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
9
Direct yellow R
$0. 178
.162
.239
.200
.136
.165
.133
.148
.150
.077
.154
.604
.095
.159
.411
.164
.176
.249
.081
.256
.130
.118
.198
.188
.138
.127
.083
.149
.156
.252
.134
.165
.143
.166
.110
.144
.172
.186
.183
.270
.179
.255
.133
.041
.231
.189
.362
.194
.133
.209
.234
.267
.222
.275
.440
.144
.139
.174
.230
$2.55
$2.61
$1.74
$1.49
1.53
1.88
1.86
.87
.79
1.04
1.22
1.78
.63
.86
1.51
.80
.93
5.33
1.64
.43
2.08
.62
1.55
1.65
1.04
1.43
2.28
2.11
1.26
1.52
.81
1.10
1.95
1.29
2.23
2.64
2.26
1.80
.87
1.55
.84
.91
2.81
.86
2.97
2.49
.88
1.07
1.08
2.59
1.99
1.46
1.67
2.47
1.98
1.88
2.11
2.43
1.03
.99
1.51
1.20
1.60
1.58
1.39
2.48
3.32
4.23
5.22
4.67
2.39
6.82
5.20
5.90
$1.07
1.22
1.60
1.80
.77
.78
.86
.96
1.46
.53
.69
1.25
.73
.84
3.89
1.20
1.04
1.85
.51
1.53
1.25
.96
1.26
1.96
3.23
.99
1.63
.98
.75
1.67
1.09
1.56
1.41
1.74
1.48
.94
1.25
.78
.85
2.03
.89
2.17
1.48
.69
.86
.99
2.09
1.65
1.20
1.03
2.33
1.53
1.67
1.90
1.39
.79
.71
1.21
1.03
1.15
1.45
1.06
2.02
1.97
3.68
3.94
3.28
1.66
2.91
3.64
3.42
$0.88
1.32
1.08
.63
.63
' .77
.58
.83
.50
.61
.66
.61
.75
3.01
.92
1.03
1.30
.38
1.34
$0.81
10
Stilbene yellow
1.00
11
Chloramine orange G
3.32
1.50
1.09
1.22
1.13
1.25
3.04
.59
.83
1.15
1.46
2.24
1.32
2.04
.98
1.90
2.86
1.91
.77
1.22
.89
.92
1.16
.68
.91
.88
.79
1.02
5.50
1.61
.85
2.02
.68
2.00
1.99
2.04
1.04
1.12
.88
1.04
.97
.72
.84
.81
.80
.91
5.15
1.65
1.95
.63
1.68
1.22
23
Tartrazine
.87
33
Chrysoidine Y
58
34
Chrysoidine R
.57
37
Croceine orange
.58
38
Orange G
.59
42
Amido naphthol red G
.71
48
Alizarin yellow G
.52
58
Alizarin yellow R
.61
66
Amido naphthol red 6 B
.78
82
Ponceau 2 R
.58
112
Bordeaux B
.73
119
Diamine rose
2.46
134
Metanil yellow. ,1
.80
137
Acid yellow G..
.87
141
Azo yellow
1.06
145
Orange II
.37
154
Palatine chrome brown...
1.09
157
Diamond black P. V
161
Fast red A.
1.19
2.71
2.25
1.31
1.44
1.25
.74
2.92
2.25
1.08
1.35
2.50
2.25
2.25
1.89
2.50
1.17
1.48
12.64
2.47
1.03
1.51
1.25
.88
1.16
2.38
1.35
1.62
2.25
1.26
1.92
2.10
2.25
2.10
.84
1.40
.81
.97
5.71
2.01
1.05
1.43
2.20
2.98
1.32
.39
1.89
1.25
2.02
1.47
2.41
2.67
2.21
1.91
1.01
1.48
1.01
1.04
2.53
1.12
3.32
2.72
1.00
.88
1.36
2.72
2.20
1.80
1.69
2.07
3.18
2.40
3.08
1.97
1.04
1.04
1.85
2.14
1.65
1.83
1.23
3.08
3.26
4.66
5.12
4.57
2.44
4.86
4.93
6.35
.83
.92
1.50
.86
.76
1.25
.76
.55
.91
.79
1.09
1.02
1.21
1.14
.66
.94
.66
.63
1.70
.65
1.44
.91
.48
.89
.93
1.39
1.10
.90
.78
1.64
1.28
1.45
1.52
1.22
.42
.61
.92
.98
.73
.88
.93
1.66
1.22
.78
163
Azo rubine
.85
164
Fast red V. R
1.27
168
Amaranth.
.71
169
Cochineal red
.73
173
Lithol red R...
1.15
177
Mordant yellow
.65
181
Salicine black U
.53
188
Sulphon acid blue R
.85
217
Agalma black 10 B._
.71
227
Brilliant croceine
236
Wool red B...
1.16
257
Sulphon cyanine G
.91
265
Sulphon cyanine black
266
Naphthylamine black D
.86
275
Diamond black
.87
283
Bismark brown
.60
284
Bismark brown 2 R
.58
304
Chrysophenine G
1.03
307
Congo red
.59
327
Diamine violet N
1.39
333
Oxamine black B H N
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.97
3.25
1.37
1.56
1.53
.73
337
Benzo blue 2 B ..
.41
340
Benzo orange R
.80
342
Chrysamine G
1.15
343
Diamine fast red F
1.20
344
Diamine brown
2.82
2.32
2.60
2.46
2.23
4.73
3.00
.95
363
Benzo purpurine 4B
.89
391
Benzo blue 3 B
.54
405
410
Benzo purpurine 10 B
Benzazurine G '
1.67
419
Chicago blue R W
1.51
424
Chicago blue 6 B.
1.40
426
Benzamine pure blue.
5.00
.75
4.40
.85
.97
462
Direct deep black E W_
.43
463
.52
474
Oxamine green B...
2.30
2.16
1.80
2.00
1.80
3.08
6.28
8.50
9.10
3.84
4.85
8.50
4.71
10.78
11.91
2.20
2.09
1.70
2.25
1.50
3.76
5.60
5.63
8.10
7.72
2.78
5.56
7.00
8.33
8.68
8.46
.82
475
Oxamine green G
.83
476
.64
477
Congo brown G
.194
.170
.240
.241
.221
.255
.294
.248
.368
.281
.409
.305
.312
.94
485
Benzo brown G
.78
493
Auramine..
1.72
495
Malachite green
1.60
499
502
Guinea green
1.77
2.26
1.29
4.56
1.86
2.42
1.72
512
Magenta
2.08
515
Methyl violet
1.25
521
Aniline blue
530
Acid violet
1.86
536
Alkali blue
2.39
543
559
Victoria blue B
3.65
5.14
3.86
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
35
Table 9. — Domestic sales prices of 100 dyes, 1917-1928, compared with invoice
values of the same dyes imported, 1914 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Name
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weighted
average
of all
types)
Average price per pound
1920
1921
1922
1923
566
573
587
606
616
617
626
659
679
697
700
725
739
763 I
778
779 '
782
842
849
874
877
Wool green S— ..
Rhodamine B
Eosine
Phosphine ._
Primuline
Columbia yellow
Gallocyanine
Methylene blue
Safranine
Induline (spirit-soluble)
Nigrosine (spirit-soluble) .. .
Induline (water-soluble)
Nigrosine (water-soluble) ...
Sulphur yellow
Sulphur black
Sulphur blue
Sulphur brown
Sulphur tan
Sulphur maroon
Indanthrene dark blue B O.
Alizarin..
Alizarin orange
Alizarin brown
Indanthrene blue G C D...
Indanthrene yellow
Indigo synthetic
Indigo extract
$0. 353
.415
.418
.352
.144
.136
.347
.390
.359
.198
.126
.258
.149
100
107
.186
.227
.100
.224
.290
.354
.334
.128
.340
10.00
8.58
6.00
4.43
3.00
5.96
3.09
5.93
5.41
1.11
1.51
.80
.99
.60
1.63
.55
.90
$15. 92
7.81
6.00
3.04
3.56
5.12
2.80
5.85
1.46
.71
.70
.63
1.09
.29
1.45
.48
.65
3.38
1.95
"Via
1.42
.38
.62
$5.95
6.90
6.30
3.86
1.71
2.66
3.03
3.03
4.02
.53
.71
.67
.59
.83
.37
1. 11
.47
.34
1.23
1.58
1.45
1.58
6.96
17.62
.59
.64
$4.99
6.72
4.19
4.17
1.59
2.36
3.06
2.94
3.88
1.21
.88
1.03
.72
.71
.25
.98
.35
.47
1.62
2.12
1.45
1.46
1.68
2.40
4.68
.74
1.00
$1.88
2.51
3.70
1.37
1.59
2.44
1.94
2.60
.75
.70
.96
.68
.73
.23
.64
.38
.59
.95
2.31
.65
1.32
2.41
3.76
.45
.65
$1. 10 $0. 83
1.90
2.05
1.07
1.29
1.92
1.40
1.69
.94
.54
.82
.53
.78
.21
.60
.40
.56
.79
1.65
1.84
1.93
.70
1.17
1.93
1.47
1.45
.93
.52
.83
.46
.73
.20
.50
.39
2.00
.55
1.24
1.63
1.24
.23
.58
Relation of production to consumption. — Imports of synthetic dyes
in 1923 were 3,098,193 pounds, 1 valued at $3,151,363. Production
in that year amounted to 93,667,524 pounds, valued at $51,517,138.
Imports were accordingly 3.3 per cent of the total output by quan-
tity and 6.2 per cent by value. As the cost of the imported dyes to
the consumer is greater than the invoice value, the true ratio of sales
value of imports to the value of production is greater than the esti-
mate of 6.2 per cent given.
The domestic exports of "color lakes and other colors, dyes, and
stains" derived from coal tar for 1923 were 17,924,200 pounds, val-
ued at $5,565,267. The domestic consumption of dyes is assumed
to equal domestic production plus imports minus exports, or 78,-
841,517 pounds per year. This does not, however, take into con-
sideration any stocks carried over. Imports constituted by quantity
3.9 per cent of the apparent consumption, and dyes produced in this
coimtry supplied the remaining 96.1 per cent. In 1914 imports were
about nine-tenths of the domestic consumption.
Effect of the Ruhr occupation on domestic exports. — The general
effect of the occupation of the Ruhr by the French, together with
the export restrictions, the conflict between the French and German
authorities, difficulties of transportation, and other conditions, resulted
i This total poundage is in excess of the quantity actually imported, most of the vat dyes having been
reduced to a single-strength basis in order to facilitate comparison of imports and production of vat dyes
on a uniform-strength basis.
36
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 37
in a large decrease in the total production of dyes in Germany,
which amounted in 1923 to 25 per cent less than for the previous year.
The occupation of the Ruhr had little effect on the supply of dyes for
the domestic textile and other industries, as over nine-tenths of the
domestic consumption is manufactured in this country.
The reduced production in Germany materially curtailed exports
from that country, and important consuming countries in Far East
markets, such as China, looked to the United States to supply a part
of their requirements. As a result exports from the United States
during 1923 were about double in quantity those of 1922 and they
increased in value from S3, 996,443 to $5,565,267. During the latter
part of 1923 the output of dyes by Germany steadily increased, and
the economic effect of the occupation of the Ruhr was being grad-
ually overcome. Early in 1924 German dyes were again offering
sharp competition to both domestic and British dyes in the markets
of the Far East.
Continued production of new dyes. — An examination of the dyes for
which production was recorded in 1923 shows the addition of nearly
100 new dyes to the United States manufacturing program. These
were not restricted to any one class either by chemical derivation
or by application on the fiber; they include dyes for silks, cotton,
wool, color lakes, and for other purposes. The additions are almost
entirely dyes of the special types consumed in relatively small quan-
tities and are mostly colors of great complexity and difficult to manu-
facture, representing a creditable advance in the industry. The
industry is still deficient to some extent in the production of certain
vat dyes and certain other products, as shown by the analysis of
imports, Table 15.
Reduction in duty. — Under the provisions of the tariff act of 1922
the ad valorem rates on the coal-tar products covered by paragraphs
27 and 28 will be reduced 15 per cent on September 22, 1924. The
ad valorem rate on dyes and other finished products, paragraph 28,
will be reduced from 60 per cent to 45 per cent, and that on inter-
mediates, paragraph 27, from 55 per cent to 40 per cent. The spe-
cific duty will remain at 7 cents per pound.
In considering the effect of this reduction it should be borne in
mind that the specific duty is more effective on the lower-priced
dyes, while the ad valorem rate is more effective on the higher-priced
products; the reduction in the ad valorem rate will therefore more
directly affect the higher-priced dyes. The reduction will probably
not greatly affect the larger tonnage of color produced in the United
States, nor is it probable that it will seriously restrict the develop-
ment of the dye industry, as the 15 per cent reduction is a minor
factor when compared with the protection afforded by other provi-
sions of the act.
The following table shows the actual and the equivalent ad valorem
duty on seven groups of dyes ranging from $0.25 to $3 per pound
under the tariff act of 1922, both for competitive and noncompeti-
tive products. The duties resulting from the 60 per cent ad valorem
rate (September 22, 1922, to September 22, 1924) and the 45 per
cent ad valorem rate (beginning September 22, 1924) are separately
tabulated.
38
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION'
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PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
39
PRODUCTION OF DYES BY CLASSES
The dyes produced in the United States in 1923 are classified
according to method of application as follows: (1) Acid dyes, (2)
basic dyes, (3) direct dyes, (4) lake and spirit-soluble dyes, (5) mor-
dant or chrome dyes, (6) sulphur dyes, (7) vat dyes, subdivided into
indigo and other vats, and (8) unclassified dyes. While in certain
cases the classification of a color is arbitrary, because a dye may have
properties which permit of its application by more than one method,
it is believed that the above classifications facilitate the comparison
of production and import figures.
The production of dyes in the United States from 1917 to 1923,
inclusive, as compared with imports during the fiscal year 1914 and
the calendar years 1920 to 1923, inclusive, are arranged according to
the classes given in Table 10.
Table 10. — Comparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914, with
domestic production, calendar years 1917-1923
Class
1914
Imports
Per cent
of total
1917
United (
States
production
Per cent
of total
1918
United
States
production
Per cent
of total
Acid
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit-soluble
Mordant and chrome..
Sulphur
Vats (including indigo)
(o) Indigo
(6) Other vats
Unclassified
Total
Pounds
9, 286, 501
3, 002, 480
10, 264, 757
1, 512, 605
4, 450, 442
7, 053, 879
10, 352, 663
8, 407, 359
1, 945, 304
27,568
45, 950, 895
20.2
6.5
22.3
3.3
9.7
15.4
22.5
18.3
4.2
.1
Pounds
9, 372, 121
2, 073, 043
11, 181, 761
934, 360
4, 164, 902
15, 588, 222
289, 296
274, 771
14, 525
2, 368, 541
100.0 45,977,246
20.4
4.5
24.3
2.2
9.1
33.9
.6
.55
.05
5.0
Pounds
9, 799, 071
2, 879, 639
12, 285, 683
1, 068, 466
5, 447, 192
23, 698, 826
3, 281, 337
3, 083, 888
197, 449
4,232
16.8
4.9"
21.1
1.8
9.3
40.5
5.6
5.3
.3
100.0 j 58,464,446
100.0.
Class
1919
United
States
production
Per cent
of total
1920
United
States
production
Per cent
of total
**«* i^f
Acid .-
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit-soluble
Mordant and chrome..
Sulphur..
Vats (including indigo)
(a) Indigo ..
(b) Other vats
Unclassified
Total
Pounds
12, 195, 968
4, 036, 532
14, 444, 934
1,813,199
3, 985, 050
17, 624, 418
9, 252, 982
8, 863, 824
389, 158
49, 111
19.2
6.4
22.8
2.8 I
6.3
27.8
14.6
14.0
.6
.1
Pounds
17, 741, 538
4, 993, 001
19, 882, 631
2, 205, 281
3, 900, 209
20, 034, 500
19, 338, 099
18, 178, 231
1, 159, 868
168, 517
20.1
5.7
22.5
2.5
4.4
22.7
21.9
20.6
1.3
.2
Pounds
733, 405
192, 163
571, 581
17, 527
709, 482
229,140
932, 464
171, 101
761, 363
16,820
21.5
5.7
16.8
.5-
20.9
6.7
27.4
5. a
22.4
.5
63, 402, 194
100.0 I 88,263,776
100.0
3,402.582
100.0.
40
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 10. — Comparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914, with
domestic production, calendar years 1917-1923 — Continued.
Class
Acid...
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit-solu-
ble
Mordant and chrome
Sulphur
Vats (including indi-
go)
(a) Indigo
(ft) Other vats..
Unclassifled
Total
1921
United
States
production
Pounds
7, 843, 009
1, 853, 094
7, 053, 761
720, 406
3, 997, 442
10, 239, 255
7, 019, 120
6, 673, 968
345, 152
282, 603
39, 008, 690
Per
cent of
total
20.11
4.75
18.08
1.85
10.25
26.25
17.99
17.11
100.00
Imports
Pounds
1, 455, 823
163, 527
537, 664
43, 553
695, 961
220, 938
1,116,345
70, 975
1, 045, 370
19, 100
4, 252, 911
Per
cent of
total
34.24
3.84
12.64
1.02
16.36
5.20
26.25
1.66
24.59
.45
100.00
1922
United
States
production
Pounds
9, 880, 014
2, 937, 585
11,931,737
1,009,512
3, 749, 701
16, 913, 767
16, 926, 744
15, 850, 752
1, 075, 992
1. 283, 127
64, 632, 187
Per
cent of
total
15.29
4.54
18.46
1.56
5.80
26.17
26.19
24.52
1.67
1.99
100.00
Per
Imports ! cent of
total
Pounds
601, 395
155, 084
671, 621
76, 853
716, 790
194, 883
1, 549, 024
505
1,548,519
16, 981
15.10
3.89
16.86
1.93
18.00
4.89
38.90
.01
38.89
.43
3, 982, 631
100.00
Class
1923
United
States pro-
duction
Per cent
of total
Imports
Per cent
of total
Acid
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit-soluble.
Mordant and chrome..
Sulphur
Vats (including indigo)
(o) Indigo
(6) Other vats
Unclassified and special
Total
13.34
4.44
18.00
1.25
4.35
23.02
32.15
30.26
1.89
3.45
544, 048
210, 896
527, 014
23, 213
453, 415
114,023
1, 207, 554
17.56
6.81
17.01
.75
14.63
3.68
38.98
1, 207, 554
18, 030
93, 667, 524
100.00
3, 098, 193
Table 10a. — Production of dyes, by groups, according to unit value
1923
1922
1921
Group
Pounds
Per cent
of total
Pounds
Per cent
of total
Pounds
Per cent
of total
0-25 cents
44, 651, 483
15,205,298
12, 717, 546
8, 604, 351
8, 207, 420
2, 318, 343
1, 244, 493
718, 590
47. 670
16. 234
13. 577
9.186
8.762
2.475
1.329
.767
28, 728, 401
10, 237, 825
8, 418, 271
6, 992, 018
6, 833, 577
2, 010, 413
838, 849
572, 833
44.449
15. 840
13.025
10. 818
10. 573
3.111
1.298
.886
7, 832, 696
7, 941, 977
6, 843, 004
4, 762, 791
6, 329, 421
3, 321, 581
1, 220, 966
756, 254
20. 079
26-50 cents
20.360
51-75 cents .'.
17. 542
$0.76-$l
12. 209
$1.01-$1.50
16. 226
$1.51-$2
8.515
$2.01-$3.
3.130
Over $3
1.939
Total..
93, 667, 524
100.00
64, 632, 187
100. 00
39, 008, 690
100.00
Acid Dyes
Description. — The acid dyes are commonly applied in an acid bath;
they have acid properties and are usually sodium salts of a color acid.
They constitute the most important group used in wool dyeing, being
especially adapted to the dyeing of hosiery and carpet yarns, suitings,
.dress goods, and hat materials; they have, in addition, considerable
PRODUCTION" OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
41
90
TOTAL OF ALL DYES
75
60
IN MILLIONS OF
POUNDS
V^IM PORTS 191 k
FISCAL YEAR
1 PRODUCTION
19/7-23 CALENDAR YRS
MM IMPORTS I9Z0Z3
CALENDAR YEARS.
i * 5 2 a « a
Q\ CD C\ CT> O C» O
O — CM
N C4 (VI
0> 0> 0>
NO
(M
cr>
1760— 24t-
42
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
PRODUCTION a IMPORTS OF DYES BY CUSSES.
VZZZl IMPORTS I9I4- FISCAL YEAR.
PRODUCTION 1317-23 CA $iZ%?
MB IMPORTS 1920-23 CALENDAR YEARS.
MILLIONS OF POUNDS 5 IO 15
1916
191 9
1920
192-1
1922
1923
I 'JZO
1921
19 22
I 923
-OZZ&ZZZZZSZ&ZZZSZ&ZZZZE L
\ ACID
F
19: i4
1917
1916
1919
19 20
1921
1922
1323
1920
1921
1922
I92J
V////////A
BASIC
192,163
I63.SZ7
135,084
ZIO.S56
I9lt
1917
1916
1919
19 20
1921
1922
1923
1920
1921
1922
1923
sz^ggsgzggggggggi . DIRECT
r
I9IH
1917
19 I S
1913
1920
1911
1321
1923
19 20
19 21
LAKE & SPIRIT SOLUBLE
e
17,327 )
*3,553 I
76,8*3 I
23,2/J /
tHM \ IMPORTS
\9lt
19 17
19 IS
19 19
19 20
1921
1922
1923
13 20
19 21
19 22
19 23
w,M,„//„A | mordant a chrome:
ZZZZZZZSZZZZZZZZZttl
nSULPHUR
izo.Jja / la ,L..
uu.oza )
I9lt
1917
I9IB
19 13
19 20
19 21
1922
1923
l»20
1921
19 22
1923
VZZZZZZESZZZZZZZZZZZZZZm
VATS (lNDI6o)
IMPORT!
'/////A I
/«,5*5 PRODUCTION
VATS (OTHER)
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 43
application on silk. They are little used on cotton or linen because
of their lack of affinity for vegetable fibers, but are of value in the
dyeing of jute. In general they are used on goods not requiring
repeated washings.
Acid dyes yield clear, bright shades. They are superior to the
direct and mordant dyes in purity of shade, but are not equal to
basic dyes in this respect. They have a wide color range, and in
fastness they show great individual variation; as a rule they are
fairly fast to light and acids, and have a tendency to bleed in washing.
They yield faster shades on wool than on silk. Some of the more
complex acid dyes produce shades of good general fastness. A con-
siderable part of this group is of the lowest-priced dyes produced.
Their method of application in an acid bath is simple and of low
labor cost.
The line of demarcation between acid dyes and certain colors of the
direct and mordant groups is arbitrary. Certain acid dyes when
r af tertreated " with sodium or potassium dichromate yield shades of
good fastness to milling, light, washing, and other agents. These
dyes, known as acid chrome colors, are used chiefly on wool, especially
on loose wool yarns and piece goods, such as men's suitings. Most
of the acid dyes are chemically included in one of the following
groups: (1) Nitro compounds, (2) azo compounds, (3) sulphonated
basic dyes (mostly triphenylmethane derivatives).
Production and imports. — Acid dyes ranked fourth in 1923 in order
of quantity produced, with a total of 12,498,817 pounds, or 13.34 per
cent of all dyes manufactured. Imports of this group amounted to
544,048 pounds, or 17.56 per cent of the total imoprts and 0.6 per cent
of the total production. In the pre-war year 1914 they amounted to
9,286,501 pounds, or one-fifth of the total imports of that year.
Agalma black 10B was first in quantity of production of the acid
dyes, with a total of 2,568,458 pounds. This dye ranked fourth of all
dyes manufactured during that year. Sales amounted to 2,377,290
pounds, with a value of $1,694,148. Orange II ranked second in
this group in quantity of production, with a total of 1,617,668
pounds, followed by Nigrosine (Water soluble), with a total of 1,389,-
106 pounds, by Tartrazine with a total of 735,608 pounds, and by
Azo rubine with an output of 526,596 pounds. Among the new acid
dyes reported during 1923 are Naphthalene green V, Eosine BN,
and Azo acid violet. Notable increases were reported in the output
of Sulphon acid blue R, Eriocyanine, and Fast light yellow.
The eight leading acid dyes imported in 1923 were Patent blue,
66,279 pounds; Alizarin rubinol 3G, 5G, GW, R, 48,826 pounds;
Xylene light yellow, 46,886 pounds; Erioglaucine, 38,254 pounds;
Palatine black, 33,500 pounds; Cyanol, 19,979 pounds; Eriocyanine
19,202 pounds; and Fast green, 17,190 pounds.
Basic Dyes
Description. — The basic dyes surpass all others in depth, brilliancy
of shade, and purity of tone. They possess high tinctorial power, but
as a class lack fastness, especially to fight and washing.
Basic colors are used on cotton in dyeing and printing where
bright shades or color tints are desired without special requirements
44 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
for fastness. They are also employed in the dyeing of paper and
jute and for lithographic inks, typewriter ribbons, copy paper, and
pencils. With the exception of Rhodamine B and a few others they
have little application on wool. Dyes of this class are chemically
basic in character and are fixed on vegetable fibers with an acid
mordant, namely, tannic acid.
They are historically the oldest of the coal-tar dyes. Mauve
or Perkin violet, discovered by W. H. Perkin in 1856, was the first
aniline dyestuff produced on a commercial scale. Basic dyes are not
as important as formerly; for cotton dyeing they have been super-
seded by direct and sulphur dyes, which possess advantages in econ-
omy of application and in many cases excel in fastness. In wool
dyeing the acid dyes have almost entirely displaced the basic colors.
Chemically the basic dyes include a large number of the triphenyl-
methane derivatives and, in addition, members of the following
classes: (1) Azines, (2) azos, (3) thioazines, (4) thioazols, and (5)
acridines.
Production and imports. — Basic dyes in 1923 ranked fifth in quan-
tity of production, with an output of 4,157,373 pounds, or 4.44 per
cent of the total. Imports in that year amounted to 210,896 pounds,
or one-fourth of 1 per cent of production. The production of this
group of dyes is well developed in this country. Bismarck brown
2R leads this group, with an output of 672,544 pounds, followed by
Methyl violet, with an output of 578,183 pounds, and Chrysoidine
Y, with an output of 545,836 pounds. The output of Auramine,
471,359 pounds, showed a conspicuous increase over that of 1922,
when the production was only 344,827 pounds. Large increases in
the production of Phosphine and Rhodamine B constitute the out-
standing development in the production of this group of dyes during-
1923.
The five leading basic dyes (by quantity) imported in 1923 were
Phosphine, 42,176 pounds; Rhodamine 6G, 31,242 pounds; Rhoda-
mine B, 29,083 pounds; Thioflavine T, 20,283 pounds; and Euchry-
sine, 9,483 pounds.
Direct Cotton Dyes
Description. — The direct or substantive dyes have been introduced
within the past 25 years. Their method of application is simple, as
they dye vegetable fibers full shades in a neutral or alkaline bath,
"directly," without the use of mordants. Although their principal
application is on cotton, they are of special value in dyeing fabrics
containing both cotton and wool, or silk and cotton (union goods).
They are also used on linen, silk, and paper and to an increasing
extent on wool, especially for knitting yarns, worsted and shoddy
yarns, and loose wool.
In fastness, individual dyes of this group show a wide variation.
On account of their high solubility they have a tendency to run
when washed. Many direct dyes, particularly those first introduced,
are sensitive to acids and fade on exposure to sunlight; others, espe-
cially the newer direct dyes, have good fastness to both acids and light
as well as to other agents. Certain direct colors are of good fastness,
particularly to washing, after a treatment of the dyed fiber by u coup-
lino:" with certain intermediates. An aftertreatment with metallic
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 45
salts or formaldelryde also improves the fastness of certain direct
dyes. These " developed" direct dyes were not available in the early
part of the war; the ordinary direct dyes then used for hosiery were
unsatisfactory to consumers. Developed blacks, such as Zambesi
black V, are now manufactured in this country for hosiery.
With a few exceptions the direct dyes are chemically "azo" com-
pounds and are nearly all derivatives of benzidine, tolidine, diamino
stilbene, or a group closely approximating one of these. A small but
valuable group of direct colors belongs in the thiazol class.
Production and imports. — The direct cotton dyes, with a production
of 16,858,387 pounds, ranked third in quantity of production, com-
prising 18 per cent of all dyes produced. Imports of this group in
1923 were 527,014 pounds, which may be contrasted with 10,264,757
pounds in 1914. The first direct cotton dye by quantity of produc-
tion was Direct black EW, with an output of 6,957,581 pounds. This
ranked third, or 7.4 per cent, of all dyes produced in that year.
Sales of this color in 1923 were 6,720,905 pounds, with a value of
$2,875,928.
Benzo blue 2B ranked second in this group, with an output of
1,065,539 pounds, followed by Benzamine brown 3GO, with a pro-
duction of 999,554 pounds, and Oxamine black BHN, with a total of
905,491 pounds. Congo red ranked fifth, with a production of
590,548 pounds.
One of the more important developments in the production of this
group of dyes consists in the continued addition to the range of
" developed" direct dyes capable of producing shades of good fast-
ness on cotton and silk. Production of Zambesi blacks recorded a
notable increase, and among the new direct colors are Erica B, Terra
cotta F, Neutral gray B, Diaminogene B, Congo rubine, Benzo fast
red, Chicago blue 2R, Diazo indigo blue M, and Direct black V.
The eight leading direct dyes, by quantity, imported in 1923, were
Diaminogene blue, 88,778 pounds; Diaminogene B, 32,903 pounds;
Trisulphon brown B, 26,980 pounds; Diphenyl red, 21,160 pounds;
Diamine fast orange EG, ER, R, 17,793 pounds; Diphenyl brown BN,
17,534 pounds; Benzo fast blue, 17,036 pounds; and Trisulphon
brown GG, 16,150 pounds.
Mordant and Chrome Dyes
Description. — These colors, in conjunction with metallic mordants,
such as salts of chromium, aluminum, iron, and tin, dye both vege-
table and animal fibers. The resulting shades are, in general, of
exceptional fastness to color-destroying agents. The mordant dyes
yield on wool the fastest shades to light, washing, and other agents.
They are also important in textile printing, particularly on cotton
piece goods, but are little used on silk.
The mordant dyes are frequently designated as chrome colors. As
many of these colors are derived from alizarin, they were formerly
called alizarin dyes. Certain dyes may be acid, acid chrome, or
chrome, according to the method of application. The true alizarins
are generally used with a mordant; some of the new alizarins, known
as acid alizarins, can be used either with or without. In the applica-
tion of chrome dyes on wool, the mordant may be applied before,
during, or after tne dyeing operation. The labor cost of dyeing with
mordant and chrome dyes is higher than for other groups.
46 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
The most important dye of this class, alizarin, is used in the produc-
tion of the well-known Turkey red on cotton. This is one of the
shades produced in ancient times from madder root. Alizarin has
been prepared synthetically from anthracene for about 50 years.
Chemically, the mordant dyes are members of the following
classes: (1) Anthracene, (2) azo, (3) oxazine, (4) triphenylmethane,
(5) nitroso, (6) oxyquinone, and (7) xanthone.
Production and imports. — The output of mordant and chrome dyes
was 4,078,504 pounds, or 4.35 per cent of all dyes manufactured in
1923. Imports of this class in that year were 453,415 pounds, or one-
half of 1 per cent of production and 14.6 per cent of the total import.
Imports in the pre-war year 1914 amounted to 4,450,442 pounds.
Salicine black II ranked first in quantity among the mordant and
chrome dyes, with a production by 14 firms of 1,242,283 pounds and
sales of 1,290,536 pounds, valued at $686,266. Other leading dyes of
this group include Alizarin yellow G, with an output of 395,361
pounds; Alizarin saphirol B, 309,124 pounds; and Metachrome
brown B, 308,559 pounds.
The rapid increase in the production of Eriochrome black T and A
during the last two years is reflected in a decrease in the imports of
these two dyes. Notable increases were recorded in the output of
Alizarin brown, Alizarin GI, Palatine chrome red B, and Alizarin.
Among the new mordant and chrome dyes produced in 1923, not
reported in 1922, are Anthracene blue, Acid alizarin black R, and
several unidentified chrome browns.
The five leading mordant and chrome dyes, by quantity, imported
in 1923 were Alizarin blue black, 70,917 pounds; Gallamine blue,
29,244 pounds; Alizarin, 27,716 pounds; Alizarin saphirol B, 26,615
pounds; and Alizarin red, 25,017 pounds.
Sulphur Dyes
Description. — This group of dyes produces heavy deep shades of
blue, green, brown, and black. They are used almost entirely in
cotton dyeing, being especially adapted to uniform cloths, hosiery,
gingham yarns, and cotton warps to be woven with wool and later
dyed with acid dyes. Their greatly extended use during the war
served to increase permanently their application in cotton dyeing.
Sulphur colors are also used in the dyeing of linen and artificial silk.
The sulphur dyes possess excellent fastness to washing, fulling,
alkalies, and acids in cross dyeing. With some exceptions, their fast-
ness to light is good. As they are not fast to chlorine, they do not
withstand the repeated bleaching action of hypochlorites in the mod-
ern laundry treatment. They are applied in a sodium sulphide
solution with, in certain cases, aftertreatment with metallic salts to
improve their fastness. The first dye discovered in this group,
" Cachou de Laval," was made in 1867 by the fusion of sawdust
with sodium sulphide and sulphur. Sulphur dyes are now prepared
by the fusion of various intermediates (containing the nitro, amino,
or imino groups) with sodium sulphide and sulphur. These dyes are
not pure, distinct compounds, and the presence of other substances
renders them of comparatively low color value. Recent develop-
ments, however, have greatly increased the tinctorial value and shade
range of many of them.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 47
Production and imports.— This group of dyes ranked second in
quantity of production, with a total of 21,558,469 pounds, equivalent
to 23.02 per cent of all dyes produced in 1923. The domestic pro-
duction of sulphur dyes has been well developed both in quantity
and variety for several years. This is indicated by the relatively
small quantity of sulphur colors imported, constituting in 1923 only
one-tenth of 1 per cent of the total production. Sulphur black
ranked second among all dyes manufactured in 1923, with an output
of 16,276,409 pounds, or 17.4 per cent of the total. Sales during
1923 were 15,212,142 pounds, valued at $3,017,207. The production
of sulphur browns totaled 2,203,893 pounds; of sulphur blues,
1,349,864 pounds; of sulphur yellow, 670,023 pounds; and of sulphur
maroon, 373,899 pounds.
The five leading sulphur dyes imported in 1923 were:
Pounds
Thionol brown 28, 802
Cross dyegreenB 26, 242
Eclipse brown 10, 000
Thional brown G 9, 228
Pyrogene blue 8, 929
Vat Dyes
Description. — Because of their exceptional fastness, variety, and
beauty of shade, vat dyes are of special importance for cotton goods
where laundry-fast dyes are desired. They are used on both dyed
and printed shirtings, on blouse material, dress goods, ginghams,
muslin curtains, and other cotton wash goods, and have a limited
application on silk and wool. Because of their high cost, they have
a comparatively limited use in solid or heavy shades, but they are
used for color stripes or for small printed patterns on a white back-
ground. They possess technical advantages in application over the
alizarin mordant dyes.
Vat dyes as a class possess exceptional fastness to light , washing,
acids, alkalies, and to chlorine. Some of them are not fast to
all of these agents. With a gradual increase in demand by the
ultimate consumer of textiles for fast-dyed fabrics, the consumption
of vat dyes is increasing. As cotton goods dyed with these colors
withstand the severe treatment of the modern laundry, the relatively
high cost of dye per yard is a minor factor compared with the increased
life of a fabric dyed with fast colors.
With the exception of indigo, one of the oldest dyes known, vat
dyes are of recent origin. They are among the most complex of
dyes, difficult to manufacture, and relatively high in cost. Chemi-
cally divided, they consist of indigoids (including thioindigoids) ,
anthraquinone derivatives, and the carbazole derivatives.
Production and imports. — -The production of vat dyes, including
indigo, again led by quantity, in 1923 totaling 30,1 13,642 pounds
(32.15 per cent of the total output), compared with 16,926,744 pounds
for the previous year.
The indigo Output of 28,347,259 pounds was greater than that of
any other single dye, comprising 30.26 per cent of the total domestic
output. This represents a very large increase over the 1922 output
of 15,850,752 pounds. This increase may be accounted for in large
part by the exports of this dye' to China, as a result of the reduced
exports of Germany following the occupation of the Ruhr district.
48 UNITED STATES TABIFF COMMISSION
The output of vat dyes (other than indigo) in 1923 was 1,766,383
pounds — the largest in the history of the domestic industry and an
increase of 690,391 pounds over that of 1922.
Among the vat dyes other than indigo, Indanthrene yellow led in
quantity of production, with an increase in output of 170 per cent
over that of 1922. Indanthrene blue GCD, second in quantity of
output, showed an increase over the 1922 production. Among the
new vat dyes reported as produced during 1923 are, Indanthrene
violet B, Indanthrene blue 3G, Hydron pink FF, and Indanthrene
golden orange R.
In 1914 imports of vat dyes other than indigo were 1,945,304
pounds, and none of these dyes were produced in this country in that
year; in 1920, a year of great business activity, domestic production
plus imports was 1,921,231 pounds. In 1921, a year of business
reaction, the corresponding total was 1,390,522 pounds, and for 1922,
2,624,511 pounds, increasing to a maximum of 2,973,937 pounds in 1923.
The nine leading vat dyes, by quantity, imported in 1923 were:
Pounds
Indanthrene yellow (single strength) 87, 946
Indanthrene golden orange R (single strength) 79, 717
Indanthrene blue GCD (single strength) 70, 546
Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength) 67, 265
Ciba violet B (single strength) 64, 517
Hydron pink FB, FF (single strength) 55, 428
Algol brown B (single strength) 55, 081
Helindone pink B, R, RN (single strength) 47, 771
Indanthrene green B (single strength) - 40, 420
Color-lake and Spirit-soluble dyes
These dyes constitute one of the smaller groups. The color lake
dyes are used in the preparation of a class of pigments known as
color lakes, discussed in detail under that heading.
The spirit-soluble dyes are insoluble in water, but dissolve in
either oils, fats, or various organic solvents; they consequently find
application for coloring varnishes (both spirit and oil), fats, oils,
waxes, and similar products. As many of the spirit-soluble dyes are
converted by chemical treatment, such as sulphonation, into water-
soluble dyes for use in textile dyeing, they may be considered as
partly completed dyes.
The output of lake and spirit-soluble dyes in 1923 was 1,171,854
pounds, or 1.25 per cent of the total dye production. Of these, 57
per cent were lake dyes and 43 per cent spirit-soluble dyes. In
1922 the output was 1,009,512 pounds. Imports of this group in
1923 amounted to 23,213 pounds, or 0.75 per cent of the total im-
ports of coal-tar dyes.
Food Dyes
Dyes classified under this group include a limited number of
selected dyes which meet the specifications of the Bureau of Chem-
istry, Department of Agriculture. There are also included the
figures for a highly refined grade of methyl violet, used for marking
meats and certain other food products. The total production of
food dyes in 1923 was 230,343 pounds, with sales of 228,686 pounds,
valued at $860,077. Production in 1922 was 186,600 pounds, and
in 1921, the first year in which they were separately compiled, 50,709
pounds. The average value of the sales was $3.76 per pound in
1923, $3.82 in 1922, and $5.80 in 1921.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 49
DYES EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES
Large increase in 1923. — The total exports of "color lakes" and
" other colors, dyes, and stains" in 1923 amounted to 17,924,200
pounds, valued at $5,565,267. This is slightly more than double
the quantity exported in 1922 and a 40 per cent increase by value.
Prior to 1922 the Department of Commerce reported only the
value of exports of domestic dyes and dyestuffs, using the following
groups: (1) Aniline dyes, (2) logwood extracts, (3) all other dyes and
dyestuffs. The third classification covers both coal-tar dyes and
natural dyes, other than logwood extract. Since logwood extract is
by far the most important natural dye exported from the United
States it is reasonable to assume that a large part of the figures re-
turned for all other dyes and dyestuffs covers coal-tar dyes. The
most important natural dye included in Group 3 is derived from
the bark of the black oak {Q,uercus velutina) in two forms, viz.,
quercitron and flavine. These were exported in considerable
amounts during the war and in smaller amounts previously. In
1922 the Department of Commerce adopted a new classification,
grouping coal-tar dyes under (1) color lakes and (2) other colors,
dyes, and stains. For the first time the quantity as well as the
value of the exports was published. Table 11 shows by months the
total exports of dyes from the United States from 1919 to April,
1924, inclusive.
The countries to which dyes are exported are shown in detail in
Part VI, Appendix.
The combined value of exports of " aniline dyes" and "all other
dyes" was $15,728,499 in 1919, compared with $29,823,591 for 1920,
the highest in the history of the industry. This was during a year
of world-wide business activity, prior to the reappearance of German
dyes in international trade.
Exports of "color lakes" in 1922 were 28,228 pounds, with a value
of $19,928, and the total exports of "other colors, dyes, and stains"
were 8,315,959 pounds, with a value of $3,976,515, making a total of
8,344,187 pounds and a value of $3,996,443. The total export of
"coal-tar colors, dyes, and stains" for 1923, as reported in the
Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce, was 17,924,200 pounds,
with a value of $5,565,267. No exports of color lakes were reported
in that year. In January, 1924, exports of "other colors, dyes, and
stains" were 1,432,721 pounds, valued at $494,666, and for the
month of February 1,739,400 pounds, valued at $571,776. The large
increase in exports of dyes in 1923, compared with 1922, was largely
due to the effect of the occupation of the Ruhr by the French in 1923,
as a result of which German production was greatly reduced and
the export trade of that country in dyes and chemicals was severely
affected. The monthly production of the German dye plants in-
creased rapidly in the later months of 1923 and in the early
months of 1924, indicating that interference with Germany's dye pro-
duction had practically disappeared. In fact, there have been, in
1924, unceasing efforts by German manufacturers in the Far East
and other large dye markets to recapture those lost markets by
the initiation of a price-cutting campaign.
50 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 11. — Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-1924 (Jour months)
Month
January
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October
November .
December..
Total
1919
Aniline
dyes
$1, 405, 017
1, 231, 355
492, 291
777, 123
585, 970
858, 661
574, 274
761, 009
785, 497
1, 037, 708
887, 710
1, 327, 456
10, 724, 071
All other
dyes i
$755, 382
617, 050
278, 591
359, 512
239, 744
475, 571
267, 425
350, 491
557, 005
453, 390
300, 041
350, 226
5, 004, 428
Total
$2, 160, 399
1, 848, 405
770, 882
1, 136, 635
825, 714
1, 334, 232
841, 699
1,111,500
1, 342, 502
1,491,098 J
1,187,751
1,677,682 I
Aniline
dyes
$917, 574
1, 850, 662
2, 648, 615
1, 829, 771
2, 180, 606
2, 389, 515
1, 770, 780
1, 151, 196
2,114,915
1, 802, 142
2, 006, 534
1, 788, 170
15, 728, 499 22, 450, 480
All other
dyes '
' $372, 468
379, 825
850, 695
891, 467
817,713
1, 239, 191
947,411
623, 181
551, 113
334, 167
211,465
154, 415
7, 373, 111
Total
$1, 290, 042
2, 230, 487
3, 499, 310
2, 721, 238
2, 998, 319
3, 628, 706
2, 718, 191
1, 774, 377
2, 666, 028
2, 136, 309
2, 217, 999
1, 942, 585
29, 823, 591
Month
Aniline
dyes
All other
dyes i
Total
January. ..
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November.
December.
Total
$943, 595
397, 123
574, 969
305, 760
278, 331
444, 273
310, 357
513, 012
322, 477
349, 981
372, 244
254, 878
349, 114
72, 641
95, 322
59, 250
91, 753
81, 477
65, 626
70, 663
70, 228
73, 706
78, 703
94, 656
5, 067, 000
1, 203, 139
$1, 292, 709
469, 764
670, 291
365, 010
370, 084
525, 750
375, 983
583, 675
392, 705
423, 687
450, 947
349, 534
6, 270, 139
Month
January
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November .
December..
Total
1922
Color lakes
Pounds
5,059
6,796
3,612
8,446
401
282
356
593
341
576
1,702
8,228
Value
$4,188
5,124
3,162
2,105
500
361
249
411
607
890
2,228
103
19, 928
Other colors, etc.
Pounds
364, 971
298, 364
708, 792
• 581,367
328, 733
398, 975
726, 624
896, 701
664, 348
954, 922
1,084,890
1, 307, 272
Value
$325, 048
230, 544
405, 250
271, 571
227, 898
222, 370
364, 737
383, 692
304, 022
399, 439
395, 579
446, 365
8, 315, 959 3, 976, 515
Total
Pounds
370, 030
305, 160
712, 404
589, 813
329, 134
399, 257
726, 980
897, 294
664, 689
955, 498
1, 086, 592
1, 307, 336
8, 344, 187
Value
$329, 236
235, 668
408, 412
273, 676
228, 398
222, 731
364, 986
384, 103
304, 629
400, 329
397, 807
446, 468
3, 996, 443
1 Commerce and Navigation reports under domestic exports of "dyes and dyestuffs" — "aniline
■dyes," "logwood extract," and "all other dyes and dyestuffs." Under this last-named designation may
be included both natural and coal-tar dyes. However, since logwood extract — shown separately— is the
most important natural dye exported from the United States, it may be assumed that a considerable
portion of the exports under "all other dyes and dyestuffs" are coal-tar dyes.
PBODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
51
Table 11. — Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919—1924- {four months'*
Continued
Month
January .
February
March. ...
April
May
June
July
1923
Other colors, dyes, and
stains
Pounds
S21, 847
1, 338, 395
1, 606, 168
1, 690, 402
1, 830, 068
1, 002, 256
2,915,531
Value
Month
$332, 008
443, 505
513, 129
498, 421
539, 358
383. 321
778, 168
August
September.
October . . .
November.
December .
Total
1923
Other colors, dyes, and
stains
Pounds
1, 008, 878
1, 514. 228
1, 543, 869
1, 390, 927
1,261,631
Value
$388, 815
402, 751
474, 215
433. 892
377, 684
17,924,200 5,565,267
1924
Month
1924
Month
Other colors, dyes, and
stains
Other colors, dyes, and
stains
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
January
1,432,721 ; $494,666
1, 739, 400
March J 1,244,264
April
$408, 029
344, 605
February
value or domest/c dyes Exported Br months.
itOO
tOOO
'600
.IOO
OOC
i i
.
3*00
MOO
HOC
l*cc
looo
HOC
HOC
Soo
■300
warn Aniline Dye 5'
czn All Other Dyzs'
tr
o
Q
s
is
i
i
|
*
- t
5
r
!fJ-8-ioO-
ll ■
1
lili
iiyujii
llllll
illlf
III
\ 1917
1918
1919
1920
I9Z\
I9ZZ"-
192}
I3Z1
July 1917 To ArniL 1324 Inclusive
1 The domestic exports of dyes, as shown by the Commerce Department, are divided into 3 groups —
(1) aniline dyes, (2) logwood extract, and (3) all other dyestufls.
The third classification may include both natural dyes (other than logwood extracts, shown separately)
as well as coal-tar dyes. Since logwood extract, however, is the most important natural dye exported from
the United States, it is reasonable to assume that a considerable portion of "all other dyes and dyestuffs"
represents coal-tar dyes.
In 1922, however, the Commerce Department adopted a new classification. Coal-tar dyes were grouped
under coal-tar finished products and were divided into (1) color lakes and (2) other colors, dyes and
stains.
52 united states taeiff commission
Other Finished Coal-Tar Products
color lakes
Description.— A color lake is an insoluble color pigment consisting
of a precipitating agent, the coloring matter (a coal-tar dye), and a
carrier (the base). The desired properties of a color lake are good
coloring power, easy workability, brightness, and fastness to weather,
light, alkali, and acids. The precipitating agents used for coal-tar
colors include barium chloride, lead salts, aluminium hydroxide, and
tannin or tannin tartar-emetic. Among the more important car-
riers are aluminium hydroxide, zinc white, lithopone, barytes, whit-
ing, China clay and certain native clays, and ocher. The principal
requirements of a carrier are (1) ready reduction to a finely divided
state and (2) absence of any deleterious effect on the shade of the
finished lake. The coloring matter includes those coal-tar dyes
known as acid dyes, basic dyes, and mordant dyes, as well as certain
azo dyes produced directly on the carrier. An example of the latter
is the preparation of Para red from the intermediates p-nitroaniline
and b-naphthol. Another group of color lakes is made by the pre-
cipitation of a water-soluble acid dye, with the aid of the mineral
salt to form an insoluble product.
After precipitation the soluble lake is filtered, dried, and ground
with or without oil; it is then ready for use as a pigment in paints,
lithographic inks, artists' colors, wall paper, rubber products, and
for similar coloring purposes.
Production. — The total production of color lakes in 1923 amounted
to 13,079,115 pounds, and sales to 12,627,359 pounds valued at
$5,124,732, with an average value per pound of 40.6 cents. This is
an increase over 1922, when the output was 10,578,664 pounds.
Sales in that year amounted to 10,366,676 pounds, valued at $4,551,-
572, or an average value per pound of 44 cents.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS
Owing to their strong reducing properties, coal-tar chemicals of
this class are used for developing photographic films, plates, and
prints. They are popularly known as "developers," and are sold
under various trade names.
The total output of photographic chemicals in 1923 was 343,289
pounds, a slight decrease from the 1922 figure of 345,798 pounds.
Sales for 1923 were 321,083 pounds, valued at $443,697, with an
average value per pound of $1.38. The quantity of each photo-
graphic chemical made in 1923 can not be published without dis-
closing the output of individual manufacturers. The developer pro-
duced in largest quantity was hydroquinol, followed by p-hydroxy-
phenylglycine. The 1923 production of the latter shows a large in-
crease, while that of rnetol (methyl-p-aminophenol sulphate) shows a
decrease.
MEDICINALS
Description. — From the standpoint of national welfare this class of
coal-tar derivatives is of high importance. Chemically, it includes a
variety of products used for a diversity of purposes. The develop-
PRODUCTION" OP DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 53
ment of medicinals constitutes one of the most creditable accom-
plishments of the coal-tar industry, as the highest technical skill is
required in their manufacture.
Production. — The total production of medicinals in 1923 was
3,273,085 pounds; sales were 2,995,448 pounds, valued at $4,720,253,
an average price of SI. 58 per pound. Production in 1922 was
2,946,347 pounds, with sales of 3,092,915 pounds valued at $4,233,443.
Arsphenamine, known also as salvarsan and as u 606," the hydro-
chloride of 3-diamino-4-dihydroxy-l-arsenobenzene, used for com-
bating syphilis and other protozoan infections, is one of the most
important medicinals of this group. Its production by 7 manu-
facturers in 1923 was 616 pounds; sales were 576 pounds, valued at
$173,381, or $301.01 per pound, as compared with 917 pounds,
valued at $257,022— $280.28 per pound— in 1922. Neoarsphenamine
(3-diamino-4-dilwdroxy-l-arsenobenzene methanol sulphoxylate) had
a total production, by 6 manufacturers, of 3,365 pounds. Total
sales were 3,035 pounds, valued at $1,029,121, an average price of
$339.08 per pound.
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) led all coal-tar medicioals in quantity
produced with an output, bv 4 firms, of 1,525,795 pounds, compared
with 1,482,998 pounds in 1922. Sales in 1923 were 1,337,998 pounds,
valued at $1,088,977. This shows an increase in the price per pound
from 74 cents in 1922 to 81.3 cents in 1923. Acetanilide, of which
564,498 pounds were produced by 4 firms, ranked second in quantity
manufactured; total sales were 520,390 pounds, valued at $156,111,
or 30 cents per pound. This shows a large increase in production
over 1922, when 222,517 pounds were recorded.
Sodium salicylate, of which 416,382 pounds were produced, ranked
third, with sales of 410,840 pounds, valued at $165,759. Phenol
sulphonates (calcium, sodium, zinc, etc.) , with a production of 208,902
pounds, ranked fifth. Other medicinals showing a relatively large
production were phenolphthalein, salol, acetphenetidin, chloramine
T, and cincophen.
Some of the medicinals reported in 1923 but not in 1922 are:
sulphoarsphenamine, with a production by 4 firms of 164 pounds;
peralga (l-diethylbarbituric-2-amidopyrene) and dihydroxy-dihy-
droxy-mercury benzophenone sodium sulphonate.
FLAVORS AND PERFUME MATERIALS
Description. — There is no sharp line of demarcation between these
two classes of coal-tar chemicals, many of them being used both as
flavors and perfumes; a separate classification is, therefore, in certain
cases arbitrary. They serve as perfume materials for soaps and
other toilet articles, and for other similar products, and as flavors for
food and food products.
Production.— The total production of flavors in 1923 was 1,458,024
pounds; sales amounted to 1,442,387 pounds, valued at $1,780,313.
In 1922, production amounted to 1,215,668 pounds.
Some of these products show a large increase in production,
notably saccharin, used as a sugar substitute, and methyl salicylate,
used largely as an artificial wintergreen flavor. The total 1923
production of methyl salicylate was 967,505 pounds.
The output of perfume materials in 1923 was 1,365,449 pounds,
this being a large increase over 1922, when 793,148 pounds were
54 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
produced. Sales of these products in 1923 totaled 1,275,432 pounds,
valued at $789,431.
Diethylphthalate ranked first in quantity of production and value
of sales. The production in 1923 was 1,250,280 pounds; sales
were 1,170,939 pounds, valued at $592,039. Production in 1922 was
725,984 pounds. Diethylphthalate is used under a special formula
as an ethyl alcohol denaturant. The production of benzyl benzoate
for 1923 was 29,185 pounds, an increase over that of 1922. Two
other benzyl compounds showing increases in production for 1923
are benzyl alcohol and benzyl acetate, with a production of 12,080
and 21,937 pounds respectively.
Other products of this group made in quantity are amyl salicylate,
diphenyl oxide, benzylidene acetone, methyl anthranilate, and phenyl
acetic acid. The production of phenyl ethyl alcohol shows a large
increase over the 1922 figure, but the quantity produced is still far
below the domestic consumption. Production of phenylacetic
aldehyde and cinnamyl alcohol is also below the domestic demand;
artificial musks are not reported at all, although large quantities
are imported.
Among products reported in 1923 but not in 1922 were benzyl
propionate, para cresyl acetate, para cresyl phenyl acetate, dibenzyl
ketone, ethyl fumarate, and phenyl glycol acetate.
SYNTHETIC PHENOLIC RESINS
The manufacture of synthetic resins is distinctly an American
development and has resulted only from the most careful research
and engineering skill. These were first made by the condensation of
phenol with formaldehyde and ammonia and later with hexamethy-
lenetetramine, but in recent years para-cumarone, as well as cresol,
has been used as a base. Synthetic resins are used as a substitute
for amber in the manufacture of pipe stems, cigarette holders, and
similar articles. There is also a large consumption for electric in-
sulating materials and for varnishes and lacquers. The consumption
for radio equipment has shown a rapid increase. With a total produc-
tion for 1922 of 5,944,133 pounds, sales were 6,415,931 pounds, valued
at $4,315,196. Production for 1923 shows an increase, but figures
cannot be published without disclosing the operations of individual
concerns.
SYNTHETIC TANNING MATERIALS
The synthetic tanning materials known as "syntans" are of very
recent development, having come into commercial use in Germany
and England since 1912. They give considerable promise for use in
the tanning of leather in conjunction with natural tanning extracts.
Synthetic tans are made by condensation of certain coal-tar
derivatives, such as the sulphonated phenols, cresols, and naphthols,
with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid. They are commonly
used in conjunction with the natural tanning extracts. Their use is
reported to result in (1) an economy of the time required for tanning,
(2) a satisfactory leather of light color, and (3) a reduction in the
amount of natural extract required.
The total production in 1922 was 1,910,519 pounds, with sales
amounting to 1,981,588 pounds, valued at $103,598. Production
for 1923 shows an increase.
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
55
The combined production of synthetic ph enolic resins and synthetic
tanning materials in 1923 was 9,763,685 pounds, with sales amounting
to 10,068,431 pounds and valued at $5,816,590.
STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION
Table 12. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1923
[The number in the first column identifies the dyes according to the 1914 edition of the Schultz tables.
The second column gives the common name of the product. The numbers in the third column refer
to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on page 195. An X signifies that a manufac-
turer did not consent to the publication of his identification number in connection therewith. A blank
in the fourth and fifth columns indicates that the sales figures can not be published without revealing
information in regard to the output of individual firms. A blank in the seventh column indicates that
the production of the corresponding dye in the United States can not be published without revealing
information in regard to the output of individual firms. The figures thus concealed are, however, in-
cluded in the total.]
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Produc-
tion
Total finished coal
tar products.
NITROSO DYES
Naphthol green
NITRO DYES
Naphthol yellow S.,_
Pigment chlorine
STTLBENE DYES
Direct yellow R
Stilbene yellow
Chloramine orange G
PYRAZOLONE DYES
Fast light yellow
Xylene yellow
Tartrazine
Eriochrome red B
Azo Dyes
MONOAZO DYES
Butter yellow
Chrysoidine Y
Chrysoidine R
Sudan G
Sudan I...
Croceine orange
Orange G
Cbromotrope 2R._
Fast acid fuchsine B
Amino naphthol red G
Brilliant lake red R
Alizarin yellow G
Paranitraniline red
Chromotrope 2B
Alizarin yellow R
Victoria violet
Lanafuchsine
Azo coralline
Pounds
115,297,586
$65, 898, 177
6,64.
32, 91, 96, 184.
190
6, 7, 32, 39, 70, 80,
131, 137, 146, 147.
63,70,80 ...
6,7,70,80,131,137.
7, 63, 88, 131, 133,
151.
39,151
27,88,131,151,183,
184, 205.
63,133
7,32,45,91,137, X..
6, 7, 12, 27, 32, 45, 63,
88,91,131.
6, 12, 32, 45, 63, 64,
88,91,131.
45
32,91, 131, 137, X...
6,39,107,131
27,32,63,131,167...
131, 133, 137, X
7, 32, 36, 46, 131, 137.
6, 7, 32, 39, 63, 80, 88,
131, 146.
121
7, 27, 39, 46, 63, 88,
131, 140, X, X, X.
X
137
6, 7, 27, 39, 46, 63, 88,
137, 167, X,X.
6, 39, 80, 131, 137,
146, X.
137.167.
80,88
47, 578
45, 135
506, 785
412, 343
144, 421
175, 494
712, 329
618, 163
96, 191
569, 596
167, 524
48,259
332, 768
95, 767
32,115
38, 819
123, 950
10, 736
20, 879
145, 149
27,899
22, 521
73, 178
13, 238
13, 474
102, 913
348, 043
182, 499
175,417
136, 155
106, 387
142, 766
.81
.87
.50
.58
.87
.58
.59
1.23
.65
.71
.61
1.05
Pounds
122, 950, 171
44,508
569, 910
147, 422
112, 752
735, 608
101, 249
545,836
152, 370
36, 668
119,639
29,444
22, 082
159, 889
395, 361
168, 777
W
172, 925
56
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 12. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1928 — Continued
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Produc-
tion
66
67
Azo Dyes— Continued
monoazo dyes— continued
Amino naphthol red 6B
Chromotrope 6B _•___
6, 7, 32, 63, 80, 88,
131, 137.
131,137,146
32,45, 131, X
190
Pounds
112,915
97, 299
46, 735
$88, 402
78, 336
44,298
$0.78
.81
.95
Pounds
126, 503
108, 408
68
Spirit yellow R
43,926
72
Pigment orange R
73
Helio fast red
X._
76
Sudan II
7,32,45,63,91,131..
6, 7, 27, 32, 39, 63,
131, 137, 167.
63
41,915
419, 573
44, 768
241, 334
1.07
.58
43, 817
82
Ponceau 2R
342, 140
88
Acid anthracene brown R_.
Metachrome brown B
Sudan R
89
93
6, 27, 63, 131, X
137
323, 871
223, 353
.69
308, 559
94
Azo eosine C
137
102
105
Diamond flavine G
Sudan brown.
25,88, 133, X
7
14, 890
12, 021
.81
26,003
106
Autolred RLP
32
112
Bordeaux B
6, 7, 27, 32, 39, 45,
88, 131, 137, 167.
7,137..
215, 552
156,208
.73
223, 714
114
Chromotrope 10B
117
Erica 2 GN.
70,147
119
Diamine rose
19, 70, 131, 147
121
EricaB
70, 137
134
Metanil yellow
7, 39, 63, 64, 88, 91,
131.
7, 63, 64, 131
184
412, 255
4,453
330, 349
3,875
.80
.87
405, 563
137
Acid yellow G
4,614
139
Orange IV
141
Azo yellow
7, 32, 63, 64, 88, 131,
184.
91
137, 892
145, 779
1.06
138, 012
143
Tropaeoline
144
Orange I
32
145
Orange II- ...
6, 7, 27. 32, 39, 45,
63, 91, 131, 135,
146, 167.
63 .
1, 442, 413
526, 736
.37
1, 617, 668
147
Azo fuchsine 6B ..
151
Orange R
7,63,91, 131
39,63,121
77, 157
48, 233
143, 932
35, 411
32, 436
126, 039
196, 583
38, 581
.42
2.61
1.37
1.09
88, 781
152
Permanent red 4B ..
68,435
153
Lake red C
121, 167, 170
25, 46, 107, 131, 133.
6, 25, 131 . .
160, 791
154
155
Palatine chrome brown
Acid alizarin garnet R
Palatine chrome violet
Diamond black PV
38,254
156
157
25, 63, 88, 131, 133. .
88,131 .•
7,801
8,502
1.09
4,289
158
Chrome brown RR
Acid alizarin black R
Fast brown N
46
159
25
160
88
161
Fast red A
7, 27, 32, 39, 63, 91,
131, 137, 140, 167,
6, 7, 32, 39, 45, 63,
88, 107, 131, 137,
6, 39, 131, 133, 137_ .
6
221, 263
518, 908
155, 405
171,915
440, 008
197, 888
.78
.85
1.27
225, 461
163
Azo rubine
526, 596
164
Fast red VR
205, 646
166
Fast red E
167
Croceine scarlet 3 BX
39
168
32, 39, 63, 131, 137,
167.
27, 32, 63, 131, 167.
50, 863
36, 263
.71
45, 246
169
173
Lithol red R
28, 39, 66, 167, 170,
190, X.
6,39, 131
131
273, 570
60, 728
315, 614
39, 208
1.15
.65
265, 787
177
Mordant yellow
38, 722
178
179
190
180
Eriochrome blueblack B...
Salicine black U
39, 96, 107, 131, 133
6, 7, 19, 25, 32, 39,
45, 63, 88, 131,
133, 137, 167, X
25, 39, 63, 96, 133
181
1, 290, 536
686, 266
.53
1, 242, 283
183
Eriochrome black T
Eriochrome black A
184
186
39, 63, 88, 131, 133..
63
118, 143
92, 374
.78
162, 962
188
189
Sulphon acid blue R
Sulphon acid blue B
6,39,63,88,131,133.
131
282, 023
240, 261
.85
362, 736
190
147
193
147
194
70, 137
195
RosoDhenine SG
70, 147, X __
11, 869
21, 636
1.82
13, 715
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
57
Table 12. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1923— Continued
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Produc-
tion
197
Azo Dyes— (Continued)
monoazo dyes— continued
Thiazinered G
80,88, 147
Pounds
1,076
706
$1,575
1,234
$1.46
1.75
Pounds
198
Mimosa C
19, 137, 147
190
2,183
200
Lakered D
"202
209
Palatine chrome red B.
DISAZO DYES
Terracotta F
7, 32, 39, 63, 131,
137, 190, X.
88
91, 816
. 90, 677
.99
106,833
211
6, 7, 63, 80, 91, 131,
140, 146, X, X.
7, 32, 131, X
160, 944
128, 076
.80
169, 340
25, 116
2, 568, 458
213
Fast brown
217
Agalma black 10B
6, 7, 25, 32, 39, 46,
63, 88, 107, 131,
137, 140, 146, 167,
X.
39
2, 377, 290
1, 694, 148
.71
220
Palatine black
221
Anthracene acid brown
Sudan III.
63.
223
32
227
Brilliant croceine
32,63,88,131,167...
228
Ponceau 5R
32
229
Azo acid violet ..i
64
230
Cloth red 3G
63
232
Sudan IV
7, 32, 39, 45, 91,
131, 137, X
7,88..
37, 253
34, 576
.93
41,421
233
Cloth red B.
234
Cloth red G...
39,64
236
Wool red B
6,39,64,131,133....
137
45, 183
52, 551
1.16
51, 845
241
Neutral gray G
246
Cloth scarlet G
64,91
247
Scarlet EC
7,64,131,133
64,133
33, 701
44, 781
1.33
54, 730
250
Milling orange G
257
Sulphoncyanine G
6,63,88,131,133
6, 131,133
426, 779
28, 657
388, 284
26, 600
.91
.93
481, 141
261
Buffalo black 10B
23,325
264
Fast sulphon black F
Sulphoncyanine black
Naphthylamine black D...
Brilliant Croceine 9B
Diaminogen..
25,88...
265
63,88,131..
266
270
6,63,88,137
32
11,673 1 10,026
.86
274
63
275
Diamond black
6,52,63,107,131
6,63,88
176, 662
13, 184
152, 800
14, 748
.87
1.12
276
12, 122
279
Benzofast scarlet.
63,131,137
283
Bismarck brown
7, 12 32, 52, 63, 70,
88, 91, 131
6, 7, 12, 32, 39, 45,
52,63,64, 88, 91,
131, X
133
200, 677
698, 317
120, 457
405, 241
.60
.58
177, 419
672, 544
284
288
Bismarck brown 2R
Palatine chrome black
Acid alizarin black SN
Fast mordant yellow
Benzo fast vellow
289
133..
294
6
..::::::::::::::::::::::
296
63
i
297
Benzo fast pink 2BL
Paper yellow
63
303
6, 7, 63, 131, 137
7,63,70, 131, 137...
7, 63, 107. 131, 137,
140
131
71, 654
413, 494
504, 068
97, 078
423, 892
297, 725
1.36
1.03
.59
54, 347
304
Chrysophenine G
447, 963
307
Congo red
590, 548
311
Orange TA
312
Congo corinth G
6, 7, 32, 52, 88, 131,
137, 140
39, X
157, 659
168, 633
1.07
144, 321
313
Congo rubine..
319
Diamine scarlet
63, 131, X.
32, 184
42, 694
51, 684
50,282
1.61
1.18
36, 095
322
Trisulphon violet B
Dianil blue R
39,131,137
39,605
323
147
327
Diamine violet N
7, 25, 32, 39, 63, 107,
131, 137, 140, X
7...
41, 269
57, 477
1.39
41, 177
328
Diamine black R
Benzo fast red
332
63
333
336
Oxamine black BHN
Benzo cyanine R
6, 7, 25, 32, 39, 63,
107, 131, 137, 140,
146
131
866, 800
634, 140
.73
905, 491
58
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 12. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1923 — Continued
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
. pound
Produc-
tion
337
disazo dyes — continued
Benzo blue 2B
6, 7, 25, 32, 39, 45,
46, 131, 137, 140,
146, X, X
39,46,63,88,137
X .....
Pounds
883, 882
82, 891
$360, 164
66, 235
$0.41
.80
Pound*
1, 065, 539
96,484
340
341
Crumpsall direct fast red R.
342
7,39,46,63, 131, X..
6, 7, 25, 32, 39, 63,
70, 107, 131, 137,
140
6, 7, 25, 32, 39, 63,
70, 80, 107, 131,
137, 140
140.X
19, 184
75, 967
169, 148
21, 996
90,945
160, 209
1.15
1.20
.95
27, 455
343
63, 383
344
Diamine brown
127, 868
349
351
52,131
355
137
362
Oxydiamine orange..
Benzopurpurine 4B
64, 131
363
365
7, 32, 39, 63, 107,
131, 137.
6, 52
413, 250
368. 923
.89
470, 51
378
137
382
131...
384
63...
385
131...
386
391
Benzo blue BX
Benzo blue 3B
39, 131, 137
7, 12, 32, 39, 45,
107, 131, 137.
131, 137
41, 249
174, 141
35, 373
94, 072
.86
.54
35, 216
215, 587
392
Toluylene orange G
Diphenvl brown 3 GN
Acid anthracene red
Benzopurpurine 10B
393
45
400
X..
405
410
7, 63, 131, 137.
63, 131, 137
25, 964
43, 280
1.67
33, 837
415
Dianil blue G
137
419
7, 39, 63, 131, 137...
131
95, 427
143, 970
1.51
111,517
421
424
7, 63, 131, 137
426
436
Benzamine pure blue
TRIAZO DYES
Columbia black. .
6, 7, 39, 63, 131,
137, 146.
6, 7, 39, 46, 63, 131..
131, 137
225, 615
169, 970
218, 222
161, 005
.97
.95
221, 905
177, 185
441
Diazo blue black RS
442
137
456
63...
462
463
464
470
Direct deep black EW
Erie direct black RX
Erie direct green ET__
Chloramine green B__
Chloramine blue 3G...
Diamine black HW
Oxamine green B _.
Oxamine green G.
6, 7, 32, 39, 46, 63,
131, 137, 140, X.
6, 7, 39, 46, 63, 131,
137.
7, 46, 52, 131
137
6, 720, 905
349, 659
51, 495.
2, 875, 928
180, 559
43, 755
.43
.52
.85
6, 957, 581
455, 768
37, 040
471
137 .
473
7, 140, 147
6, 7. 32, 39, 52, 63,
70, 131, 137.
6, 12, 32, 39, 63,
137, 140, X, X.
6, 7, 32, 39, 45, 52,
70, 88, 131, 133,
137, 140, X.
7, 63, 88, 131, 137,
147, X.
63
4.098
306, 023
84, 896
931, 242
207, 793
5.002
250, 980
70, 526
596, 366
194, 688
1.22
.82
.83
.64
.94
474
475
312,511
99, 869
476
477
Benzamine brown 3 GO
Congo brown G
999, 554
245, 198
480
485
TETRAKISAZO DYES
Benzo brown G
32, 52, 63,17 1' 40..
70, 13T
154, 208
120, 914
78
138, 437
487
1, 948, 206
2, 287, 417
1.17
2, 372, 765
30, 292, 072
21, 597, 247
.71
32, 348, 948
DIPHENYLM ETHANE DYES
Auramine
63, 77, 106, 131
493
393, 189
677, 192
1.72
471, 359
=
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
59
Table 12. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1923 — Continued
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Produc-
tion
495
TRIPHENYLM ETHANE DYES
63, 106, 131
106, 131
Pounds
178, 271
$285, 585
$1. 60
Pounds
183 684)
499
Brilliant green
502
Guinea green
36, 63, 131
503
Brilliant milling green B__.
Light green
131
505
63
506
Erioglaucine
131
511
Para fuchsine
131
512
513
Magenta (or fuchsine)
New fuchsine
39, 55, 91, 98, 131,
157, X.
131
75, 051
156, 081
2.08
87, 717
515
Methyl violet
32, 55, 63, 91, 104,
131, 135, X.
25, 63
563, 579
702, 515
1.25
578 183
516
Crvstal violet
517
Methvl violet 5B
131
521
Aniline blue
39, 91, 98
524
Acid magenta _
39,98
528
Fast violet 10B
36, 63, 137
36. 39, 63, 80, 131, 146
131
21, 413
137, 887
46, 063
255, 733
2.15
1.86
15. 541
148, 258
530
Acid violet
531
Eriocvanine
536
39. 55, 98. 131, 135,
157, 167, X.
91
157, 877
377, 527
2.39
154, 845
537
Methvl blue for silk
Methvl blue for cotton
Soluble blue ...
538
98
539
39.55,98,131
131
10. 694
36, 907
3.45
15, 366
543
Patent blue V
545
Patent blue A
Acid violet 6 BN
Aurine
36,131
548
63
555
63,155
558
Victoria blue R
63
Total triphenylme-
thane dyes.
DIPHEXYL-NAPHTFYLME-
THANE DYES
Victoria blue B
1, 539, 140
2, 677, 418
1.74
1, 608, 653
25,63
559
562
Fast acid blue
63..
564
Naphthalene green V
Wool green S
131
566
25, 63, 80, 88, 131,
146
63
382, 427
317, 370
.83
375, 858
XANTHONE DYES
Rhodamine 6G
571
573
Rhodamine B
63
580
Fast acid violet B
63..
582
Fast acid violet A 2R
63
585
7,56,91,135
7,56,91,135
957
100. 745
2,978
185, 814
3.11
1.84
2,398
80,648
587
590
Eosine BN
592
Ervthrosine B
7. 56, 63,91, 135....
56
8,506
41, 973
4.94
7 250
593
Phloxine P
596
Phloxine.
63,91...
597
Rose bengale B
63.91
599
Gallein
208
600
C oerulein
208
Total xanthone dyes.
ACRIDINE DYES
Phosphine
267, 511
555, 071
2.08
254, 639
63, 91, 131, 151
26,131,137...
606
86, 500 '.
166, 667
1.93
122, 853
613
QVINOLINE DYES
Quinoline yellow
615
THIOBENZENYL DYES
Thioflavine S
147 _
616
Primuline...
19, 70, 80, 131, 137,
147, X.
19, 70, 80, 131, 137,
147.
224,784
215, 810
157,912
252, 347
.70
1.17
227, 824
188, 595
C17
Columbia yellow.
60
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 12.
-Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1923— Continued
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Produc-
tion
Schultz
No.
Common name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
622
OXAZINE AND THIAZINE
DYES
Delphineblue B
7,46,131
Pounds
Pounds
626
Gallocyanine
7,27,46,131,208...
131
82, 512
$159, 279
$1.93
52, 577
631
Chromocyanine V
636
Prune pure ...
7
649
659
Cotton blue or Meldola's
blue.
Methylene blue...
7,46,107,131
27,46,131,204.
131 „■
56, 116
410, 003
93, 787
601, 118
1.67
1.47
58, 307
424, 174
660
Methylene green
667
Brilliant alizarin blue
AZINE DYES
Azo carmine
80,88.
672
63
679
63, 131, 155
27, 137.
126, 151
183. 3fi5
1.45
99. 414
681
New fast gray
683
Safranine MN
131
687
Rosolane O
63
697
698
699
700
Induline (spirit-soluble)
Nigrosine (spirit-soluble)...
Induline (soluble in water) .
Nigrosine (soluble in
water) .
SULPHUR DYES
19,32,39.88,91,131.
19, 27, 32, 88, 91,
131, 133.
19, 39, 88, 91, 131...
19, 27, 88, 91, 131,
133.
12, 46, 63, 88, 94,
107, 131.
12, 18, 46, 63, 88,
107, 131, 137, X,
X X.
7, 12, 39", 46, 47, 56,
63, 88, 107, 131,
165, 173, 187, 206,
X X.
6, 12, 46, 63, 107,
131, 137, 165, 206
6, 12, 46, 63, 107, 206.
19, 46, 47, 63, 70, 88,
137, 173, 206.
46, 88, 173, 206
6, 39, 47, 88, 165,
206, X.
12, 46, 63, 87, 88,
131, 137, 165, 173,
X, X.
20, 929
284, 235
89, 500
1, 374, 363
19, 435
148, 006
74, 130
633, 742
.93
.52
.83
.46
12,086
342, 739
113,817
1, 389, 106
720
15, 212, 142
1, 213, 085
2, 049, 475
164, 344
387, 158
168, 356
47, 083
202, 824
561, 461
3, 017, 207
610, 171
806, 684
140, 651
297, 104
85. 687
23, 107
97, 997
408, 771
.20
.50
.39
.86
.77
.51
.49
.48
.73
16, 276, 409
1, 349, 864
2, 203, 893
373, 899
220,093
255, 877
670,023
20, 005, 928
5, 487, 379
.27
21, 558, 469
CARBAZOLE DYES
HydronblueR, G
63, 107
748
ANTHRAQUINONE DYES
Indanthrene golden orange
R.
Indanthrene dark blue BO.
Indanthrene black and
green B.
Indanthrene violet RR
Indanthrene violet B
63
761
763
63, 122, 137.
63, 122, 137
63
25, 130
20, 673
50, 167
42, 805
2.00
2.07
765
767
25,001
768
63..
778
18, 131
779
18, 131
780
18
782
46, 63, 65, 131, 184,
190, 208, X.
131
134, 941
167, 294
1.24
157, 416
784
785
18, 137 .
789
800
Anthracene blue WR
65, 84, 102, 131, 135.
84
54, 505
117, 198
2.15
44, 150
838
Indanthrene blue RS
Indanthrene blue 3G
63, 137 .
840
63
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
61
Table 12. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1923— Continued
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Produc-
tion
842
ANTHRAQUINONE DYES—
continued
Indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GC
Indanthrene yellow
63, 137
Pounds
Pounds
843
137
849
63, 137
858
88, 102, 131
36, 65
272, 471
$952, 216
$3.50
309, 124
862
865
Alizarin cyanine green
Indanthrene brown B
Total anthraquinone
dyes.
INDIGO AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Indigo, synthetic (20 per
cent).
Indigo, white
36
867
137
1, 952, 601
3, 438, 677
1.76
2, 123, 966
62, 63, 131
874
25, 492, 201
5, 884, 712
.23
28, 347, 259
876
46
877
Indigo extract
7, 14, 63, 113, 131,
X, X.
62.
328, 440
190, 493
.58
330, 810
880
881
Ciba blue 2B, 2BD
62
882
Ciba blue G
62
883
Indigo 6B
62
923
ANILINE BLACK GROUP
Ursol
82, 167, X
FOOD DYES
Naphthol yellow S
X..
7
23
Tartrazine
7, 27, 131, 198, X...
7, 131, X
53, 801
17, 694
38, 739
89, 821
188, 608
96, 068
116,593
279, 847
3.51
5.43
3.01
3.12
58, 117
83
16, 098
144
7, 27, 131, X
7, 27, 107, 131, 198,
X.
131, 198
168
82, 45»
502
Guinea green B
505
Light green SF (yellowish).
Methyl violet
131, 198
1
515
131
592
7, 131, X
877
Indigo disulfonic acid
Yellow AB
7, 131, X
6,498
7, 66, 91, 131, 175—
7, 66, 91, 131, 175
7,168
9,108
18, 852
24, 682
2.63
2.71
6, 523
Yellow OB
7,586
228, 686
860, 077
3.76
230, 343
PHOTOCHEMICAL DYES
68
68
All other dves
63, 147
Bacteriological, biological
stains and indicators, and
research chemicals.
Total dyes...
41, 54, 68, 86, 99,
111, 131, 154, 172,
179, X.
86, 567, 446
47, 223, 161
.55
93. 667, 524
•
DYES NOT CLASSIFIED BY SCHULTZ NUMBER
Manufacturers were requested to report separately, in terms of
their familiar pre-war designations, the production of dyes not
classified by Schultz. The following table is a list of such dyes r
62
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
together with certain new dyes of American development for which
th ere are no foreign equivalents :
Name of dye
Manu-
facturers'
identifi-
cation
number
according
to list on
page 195
Acid anthracene brown A, B, RH
Acid anthracene orange GR
Acid anthracene yellow GR
Acid chrome brown R.
Acid black BA
Acid brown
Acid claret B ■_
Acid naphthol blue black
Acid navy blue
Acid red OTH
Acid yellow HM
Alizarin black
Alizarin black GS paste
Alizarin blue IS..
Alizarin brown 3R
Alizarin Drown 5R
A lizarin green
Alizarin serge blue GS
Alizarin yellow 4G
Anthracene chrome black DNN
Anthranol chrome brown FB
Anthranol chrome green 3G .,
Anthranol chrome yellow DF extra
Anthranol chrome yellow SS
Anthrene blue GX
Anthrene jade green
Artificial silk black G
Atlantamine blue
Atlantamine green
Atlantamine red
Atlantamine yellow
Atlantole wood blue
Azo dark green
Azo eosine 2B
Azo fast violet 2R
Azo violet BS, 2B
Azo wool blue G, R
Benzo black LM
Benzo chrome brown G, R, 2R
Benzo chrome dark brown
Benzo fast black L, LM '
Benzo fast orange S
Benzo fast pink 2B
Benzo fast scarlet 4BA
Benzo rhoduline red B
Brilliant crocein FL
Bromo fluorescein. _
Chloramine fast orange GR, GG, G3G.
Chrome black
Chrome black special
Chrome black A, T, BC, RX..
Chrome green
Chrome green B__
Chrome green G_ „__
Chrome green SW
Chrome green SE, SW
Chrome red SW
Chrome yellow ,
Chrome yellow SS
Cindiazo blue B
Copper blue2RX
Cotton brown R
Developed black 2BN, G
Diamine bordeaux B
Diamine catechine
Diamine catechine 3G
D iamond green _ -
Diamond red BHA
Dianol dark blue B
Diazo bordeaux 7B
Diazo fast red 5BL
Diazo fast red 7BL...
Diazo indigo blue M
Diazo seal brown
80
80
6
X
167
39
140
137
91
208
65
208
167
208
X
65
7
36
133
133
133
133
137
137
63
12
12
12
12
12
137
137
131
6
80
133
6, 63, 80
63
80
63
63
63
56, 135
80
27,46
25
X
6
39,70
39
25, X
25
X
6, 27, 137
88
39
6
6
137
63, 131
63
131
80
88
63
63
63
63
63
X
Name of dye
Manu-
facturers'
identifi-
cation
number
according
to list on
page 195
Direct black GX
Direct blue 3RX
Direct blue 4R...
Direct brown R
Direct brown GR, G2R, G3R
Direct dark brown B
Direct dark green
Direct fast blue B, R
Direct fast light blue FF
Direct fast orange R
Direct fast orange RCL, 2R
Direct fast yellow 6GL extra
Direct fast yellow 2R, 2RCL...
Direct navy R
Direct salmon red
Direct violet B cone, extra
Direct violet R cone
Dyelene chromate brown EBN...
Empire coralline
Empire fast violet AA
Fast acid violet ERR extra
Fast chrome brown R
FurolDB
Helio bordeaux BL
Hydron pink FF
Indanthrene black BCS
Indanthrene blue BCS, 20 per cent paste.
Indomine navy blue 2BM
Jet black APX
Marine blue SW
Midland vat cadet blue
Midland vat blue MB
Naphthanil red for printing
Navy blue T...
Nerol black 2B
Oil brown 1-2494
Oil brown
Oil brown R
Oil brown H-8808
Oil orange
Oil orange Y-293...
Oil red....'
Oil red C, S
Oil scarlet T
Oil yellow PHW, OB —
Oil soluble yellow
Oxamine copper blue RRX
Oxydiamiogen OB
Pacco direct fast gray BL
Palachrome maroon...
Palaside brown B...
Paranol direct orange 9L
Permanent red R
Pluto orange G
Pontachrome brown R, SW
Pontachrome yellow SW
Pontamine diazo black H
Rosanthrene A, R
Rosanthrene orange
Scarlet 2RG
Silk black 4BF.._
Solamine blue FF
Sudan orange
Sudan AT, AX, T...
Sulphon acid black N2
Victoria fast violet 2R
Wool black B...
Wool blue black
Wool blue G....
Wool fast violet 2R
Zambesi black A
Zambesi black D
Zambesi black PC
Zambesi black V, VX *
39
39
39
140
39
80
6
39
39
39, 137
39
80
39
140
X
X
X
64
X
X
63
137
X
63
63
137
63
133
63
25
62
62
63
27
137
91
X
7,45
91
X
91
19, X
203
203
91
203
63
131
X
X
X
133
190
88
63
63
63
63
63
167
39
63, 137
203
32
80
88
137
39
36
80
6
131
39
39, 63.
131, 137
1 Sales of Benzo fast black LM and L are 102,872 pounds, valued at $192,452.
2 Sales of Zambezi black V and VX are 361,326 pounds valued at $470,320 and the production was 452,352
pounds.
PKODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAB, CHEMICALS, 1923 63
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products, 1923
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on
page 195
Sales
Quantity-
Value
Unit
value
Production
COLOR LAKES
Black lakes
Blue lakes
Brown lakes.
Eosine lakes.
Green lakes .
Lithol red lakes.
Maroon lakes .
Orange lakes.
Para red lakes.
Red lakes .
Scarlet lakes .
Violet lakes.
6, 37, 46, 50, 67, 92
167, 168, 203, X.
11,22,28,37,46,59
63, 67, 73, 90, 92
100, 109, 112, 119
162. 167. 168. 169
170. 177. 188. 189
190, X,X,X,X
x,x.
28, 37, 46, 59, 73
100,112,168,169
177, 188, 189, 203
X.
11,22,28,59,67,73
92. 100, 119, 162
167. 168. 169. 170
177. 188. 189. 190
203, X,X, X,X
X, X, X, X, X.
11,22,28,37,59,63
67, 73, 85, 90, 92
100, 109, 119, 162
167,168,169,170
177, 189, X, X
X, X, X, X, X
X.
11 ; 22, 28, 37, 46, 59
63, 73, 90, 92, 100
105,112,119,162
167, 168, 169, 170
177, 188, 189, 190
203, X,X,X, X
x,x.
11,22,28,37,59,63
67, 92, 100, 105
115,116,119,123
162, 167, 168, 169
170,177,188,189
190, 199, 203, X
X, X, X.
11,22,28,37,59,63
67, 73, 92, 100
109,112,119,162
167, 168, 169, 170
177, 188, 189, 203
X, X, X, X, X
XXX
11,22,28,46,50,59
63,67,92,100,105
112,115,116,119,
167,168,170,177
188, 189, 190, 199
203,X,X,X, X
X.
11,22,28,37,46,50
59, 63, 67, 73, 90
92, 100, 105, 109
112,116,119,123
162. 167. 168. 169
170. 177. 188. 189
190, 199, 203, X
X,X,X, X, X
X.
11,22,28,37,59,63
67, 73, 90, 92, 100
105,115,116,119
123, 162, 167, 168
169, 170, 177, 188
190, 199, X, X
X, X, X, X, x
X.
11,22,28,37,46,59
63, 67, 73, 90, 92
100,109,119,162
167. 168. 169. 170
177. 188. 189. 190
203.X, X,X,X
X,X.
Pou nds
565, 097
766, 492
222, 950
486, 864
626, 403
706, 479
1, 229, 610
585, 292.
3, 196, 651
1, 644, 597
1,047,206
387, 176
$61, 271
377, 572
20, 502
335, 093
181, 481
495, 101
392, 308
150, 548
1, 018, 090
992, 224
393, 442
378, 876
.09
.•J 1 1
.70
.32
Pounds
587, 344
770, 751
214,012
529, 962
666, 180
741, 556
1, 266, 216
26 602, 331
. 32
. r,n
3, 379, 767
1,689,027
1,076,419
388,001
64 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products — Continued
Common name
Manufacturers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on
page 195
Sales
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Production
color lakes— continued
11,28,37,59,63,73,
92, 100, 109, 119,
167, 168, 169, 170,
177, 189, 203, X,
x,x,x,x,x,x.
Pounds
1, 162, 542
$328, 224
$0.28
Pounds
1, 167, 549'
Total color lakes
12, 627, 359
5, 124, 732
.41
13,079,115-
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS
Diaminophenol hydrochlo-
ride.
202
124, 208, X
214, 099
217, 706
1.02
230, 079
Methyl p-aminophenol sul-
fate (Metol).
p-Hydroxyphenylglycine
Total photographic
chemicals.
MEDICINALS
68, X ..
68
321, 083
443, 697
1.38
343, 289'
122,124,136,153....
X...
520, 390
156,111
.30
564, 498-
Acriflavine (3:6-diamino-10-
methyl acridiue chloride) .
1, 131
131
Ammonium salicylate
Anesthesin. (See Benzo-
caine.)
Apothesine (hydrochloride of
diethylaminopropyl-cinna-
mate).
93
X
I, 60, 108, 120, 126,
153, 174.
17, 62, 124, 128
1, 126, 166
576
1, 337, 998
2,014
173, 381
1,088,977
32, 219
301.01
.81
16.00
616-
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
Atophan. (See Cincophen.)
Benzocaine or Anesthesin
(Ethyl p-amino benzoate.)
Benzyl benzoate. (See Per-
fumes.)
1, 525, 795
2,243
166, 175
'
Bismuth betanaphthol
Bismuth tribromophenol
Butyn (p-amino benzoyl-
gamma di normal butyl
amino propanol sulfate).
Chloramine T (sodium p-
toluene sulfochloramide.
Cincophen (phenyl cincho-
ninic acid) (Atophan).
124, 136, 153
75, 124, 136
1,039
3,403
3.28
1
108, X
1, 5, 27
31,911
299, 010
9.37
32, 710
166 .
63, 142
Dibromohydroxy mercury
fluorescein, sodium salt of.
Dichloramine T (p-toluene
sulfone dichloramide) .
Dihydroxy-dihydroxy mer-
cury benzophenone sodium
sulfonate.
Formidine (methylene disali-
cylic acid derivative) .
99
108, 12S
99
X
63
63, 137
63, 122, 142
122
5,710
12, 591
2.21
5,795
Luminal (phenylethyl barbi-
turic acid and sodium salt.
Magnesium salicylate
Methyl salicylate. (See Fla-
vors.)
Methylhydroxymethylester
of salicylic acid.
Monoglycol ester of salicylic
acid.
b-Naphthol benzoate
17
93 .
17
17
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923 65
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products — Continued
Common name
Manufac turers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on
page 195
Sales
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Production
medicinals— continued
Neoarsphenamine
Neocinchophen. (See Toly-
sin.)
Novaspirin (Methyleneci-
trylsalicylic acid) .
Peralga (1-diethylbarbarturic-
2-amidopyrene) .
Phenacaine (ethenyl-p-die-
thoxy-diphenyl amidine hy-
drochloride.
Phenolphthalein
Phenolsulfonates (calcium,
sodium, zinc, etc.).
Pbenolsulf onephthalein
Phenylthiocarbamide
Procaine (p-amino benzoyl-
diethyl aminoethanol).
Proflavine (3:6 diamino acri-
dine sulfate) .
Proposote (creosote deriva-
tive).
Resorcinol monoacetate -
Salicaine (salicyl alcohol)
Salicylates, miscellaneous
Salol (phenyl salicylate)
Salophen (Acetylparamino-
phenol salicylate) .
Scarlet red
Silver arsphenamine
Sodium salicylate..
Strontium salicylate.
Sulfoarsphenamine
Tolysin- neocincophen (p-
methylphenyl- cinchoninic
ethyl ester) .
Trypan blue.
Total medicinals.
FLAVORS
Coumarin (synthetic). -
Ethyl benzoate
Ethyl cinnamate.
Ethyl salicylate..
Methyl cinnamate.
Methyl salicylate- .
Saccharin
Vanillin (see Part IV).
Total flavors..
PERFUME MATERIALS
Acetophenone...
Amyl benzoate..
Amyl salicylate .
1, 60, 108, 126, 153,
174.
Pounds
3,035
$1, 029, 121
$339. 08
17..
5—
120.
150, X -.
1, 118, 124, 153.
196, 173
X.-.
1, 126.
1, 131.
X._-
61,914
.32
27
153
93, 124, 128.
17
131.
126
62, 93, 124, 128, X
93
1267126, ~153,~174~I
1-27
62, 75, 103, 128, X,
X.
44, 75, 79, 141, 178,
191, 194, X.
75, 79, 103, 178, 194.
75,79,178,191,194,
X.
75, 79, 103, 178, X,
X.
62, 79, 93, 103, 124,
178, X, X.
93, X, X
X
89, 206
410, 840
119
2, 995, 448
71, 467
165, 759
"~65,"676
.40
'550."97"
4, 720, 253
1.58
104, 200
1,041
389, 799
1,611
3.74
1.55
815
940, 795
363, 048
1, 442, 387
Aubepine (Anisic aldehyde) .
Benzophenone
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl alcohol...
Benzyl benzoate.
75, 79, 103, 178, 192.
79
75, 79, 93, 103, 129,
178, 192, X.
75, 78, 103, 178, 192.
75
Benzyl butyrate
Benzyl cinnamate...
Benzyl formate
Benzyl propionate..
Benzyl salicylate
Benzylidine acetone.
75, 79, 103, 129, 178,
192, X.
103, 129, 178, 192, X
75, 79, 103, 124, 129,
178, 192.
79, 103—.
75, 79, 103, 178, 192.
178, X...
79, 178, X
178...
129, 178
238
11, 562
2,742
21, 179
4,101
26, 372
3,725
544, 426
661,913
4.57
.58
1.82
1, 780, 313
1.23
16, 569
9,566
1.43
3.49
27,635
4,976
37,545
1.31
1.21
1.42
Pounds
3,365
208, 902
98, 597
416, 382
164
3, 273, 085
114, 682
796
967, 505
340, 944
1, 458, 024
277
"9,"2l7
3,045
21, 937
12,080
29,185
66 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products — Continued
Common name
M a n u f a c turers'
identification
number accord-
ing to list on
page 195
Sales
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Production
PERFUME MATERIALS— COn.
Benzylphenyl acetate
Bromstvrol
178
Pounds
Pounds
75, 79, 103, 178, 192.
79
148
$718
$4.85
154
Butyl salicylate
Cinnamic acid
79, 103, 178, 192
1,595
Cinnamic alcohol
178
Cinnamic aldehyde
75, 78, 103, 178, 192.
75, 129
1,536
5,000
3.26
1,422
p-Cresyl acetate ,.
p-Cresylphenyl acetate
Dibenzyl ketone
75..
75.
Diethyl phthalate
20, 75, 79, 103, 129,
178, 191, 192, X,X.
178..
1, 170, 939
592, 039
.51
1, 250, 280
Dimethyl acetophenone
Dimethvl anthranilate
Diniethylbenzyl carbinol
Dimethvl hvdroquinone
Dimethyl resorcinol..
75, 178.
75..
75
178
Diphenvlmethane
79, 178,192
393
Diphenyloxide..
178, X !
Ethyl fumarate
191
Ethylphenyl acetate
178 1
Ethvlphenvl ether...
79 1.
Hydratropic aldehyde
Indol
178.
75
Isobutyl anthranilate
Isobutyl indol
75
75.
Isobutylphenyl acetate
Isobutyl salicylate
75, 129
178.
Methyl acetophenone
Methyl anisate
178
178 .
Methyl anthranilate
20, 62, 75, 103, 178,
186, 192.
44, 75, 79, 141,
178, X.
75..
1,564
172
5,247
254
3.36
1.48
2,554
Methyl benzoate
24
p-Methylbenzyl acetate
p-Methylbenzyl anthranilate
Methyl p-cresol
75
178
Methyl p-cresyl ether
Methyl guaiacol
79.
178
Methylphenyl acetate
Methylphenyl ether.
75, 79, 103,129, 178,
192, X.
79
1,014
5,120
5.05
1,285
Methylphenyl glycidate
Methyl-p-tolyl ketone
b-Naphthyl anthranilate
Nerolin (b-naphthol ethyl
ether).
75
75
75
75, 79, 178
75
Phenylacetic acid
79
Phenylacetic aldehyde
75, 103, 178, 192....
75, 103, 178, 194 .
453
4,615
10.19
457
Phenylethyl alcohol
62, 75, 103, 178,
192, X.
178
799
5,167
6.47
1,238
Phenylethyl benzoate
178
Phenylethyl phenyl acetate..
Phenylethyl propionate
178
178
75
Phenylpropyl alcohol
Phenylvinylethylenemethyl
ketone.
Santalylphenyl acetate
Skatol (methyl indol)
194 .
178 ..
75.
75, 178
79...
Tetrahydroparamethyl qui-
noline.
Yara yara (b-naphthol methyl
ether) .
75
79, 178... .
X
1, 275. 432
789, 431
.62
1, 365, 449
Synthetic tanning materials..
Synthetic phenolic resins
107, 207, X
16, X
}l0, 068, 431
5, 816, 590
.58
9, 763, 685
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1923
67
Employees and Rates of Pay
The number of employees receiving specified rates of pay on
December 18, 1923, or on the nearest representative date for which
this information could be obtained, as reported by 181 of the 206
firms manufacturing coal-tar products in 1923, is contained in
Table 13. The 25 firms not reporting either conducted a business
in which coal-tar products were not the primary articles of manu-
facture or they did not have separately organized departments deal-
ing therewith.
According to the Bureau of the Census, the number of firms en-
gaged in the manufacture of coal-tar colors and other products in
1914 was 7, with 528 employees, divided as follows: Salaried em-
ployees, 130; wage earners (average number) , 398. In 1923 there were
181 firms reporting 14,841 employees. This represents a decrease
of 1,418 from 1922, which in turn is an increase of 2,967 over 1921.
The chemists and technically trained men in 1923 constituted 12.7
per cent of all employees, as compared with 10.8 per cent in 1922.
Of the 1,882 men of this class in 1923, 28.27 per cent received $50 or
more but under $75 per week, 23.32 per cent received $75 per week
and over, 9.83 per cent received $45 or more but under $50 per week.
Of those without technical training, 21.99 per cent received $30 but
under $35 per week, 19.97 per cent received $25 but under $30,
16.39 per cent received $35 but under $40, 15.58 per cent received
$20 but under $25. In general, the wages of 1923 for chemists and
technically trained men showed a small decrease from those of 1922,
while for all men without technical training there was a large increase
during the same period. Table 13 compares specified rates of pay of
technically trained men with those of men not having such training.
Among the technically trained men there was an increase of 0.51
per cent in the pay of the group receiving $75 per week and over and
a small decrease in the groups receiving $35 to $40, $40 to $45, $45 to
$50, and $50 to $75. Of men without technical training there was
an average increase of about 25 per cent in the weekly wages of the
three classes receiving $25 to $30, $30 to $35, and $35 to $40 per week.
As previously stated, the dye and coal-tar chemical industry has
probably a larger proportion of technically trained men than will be
found in any other manufacturing industry in the United States.
Table 13. — Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry, 1923
Wages per week
Number of employees at each
specified wage engaged in
manufacturing operations
Under $10.
$10 but under $15
$15 but under $20
$20 but under $25
$25 but under $30
$30 but under $35
$35 but under $40
$40 but under $45
$45 but under $50
$50 but under $75
$75 and over
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men
2
16
37
74
110
173
178
136
185
532
439
Total.
Men
without
technical
training
74
348
773
2,018
2,588
2, 850
2. 123
1,108
643
414
20
12,959
All em-
ployees
76
364
810
2,092
2, 698
3,023
2,301
1, 244
828
946
459
14,841
Percentage receiv-
ing each specified
wage
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men
0.11
0.85
1.97
3.93
5.84
9.19
9.46
7.23
9.83
28.27
23.32
Men
without
technical
training
0.57
2.69
5.96
15.58
19.97
21.99
16.39
8.55
4.96
3.19
0.15
100. 00 i 100. 00
Percentage receiv-
ing each specified
wage or more
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men
100.00
99.89
99.04
97.07
93.14
87.30
78.11
68.65
61.42
51.59
23.32
Men
without
technical
training
100.00
99.43
96.74
90.78
75.20
55.23
33.24
16.85
8.30
3.34
0.15
68
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 13. — Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry y
1923 — Continued
Wages per week
Percentage receiving each specified wage
Chemists and technically
trained men
1923
1922
Increased
percent-
Men without technical
training
1923
1922
Increased
percent-
Under$10
$10 but under $15
$15 but under $20
$20 but under $25
$25 but under $30
$30 but under $35
$35 but under $40
$40 but under $45
$45 but under $50
$50 but under $75
$75 and over
100. 00
99.89
99.04
97.07
93.14
87.30
78.11
68.65
61.42
51.59
23.32
100. 00
99.83
99.09
97. 10
92.94
84.22
78.41
71.86
62.01
52.74
22.81
0.06
1.05
1.03
.20
3.08
1.30
■3.21
1.59
1 1.15
.51
100. 00
99.43
96.74
90.78
75.20
55.23
33.24
16.85
8.30
3.34
0.15
100. 00
99.33
95.92
75.89
46.73
24.60
11.62
5.61
2.29
.96
.06
0.10
.82
14. 89
28. 47
30.63
21. 62
11.24-
6.01
2.38
.09'
1 Decrease.
Research Work
Of the 206 firms engaged in 1923 in the manufacture of dyes and
other coal-tar chemicals, 65 had separately organized research
laboratories for the solution of technical problems and for the devel-
opment or discovery of new products. The total cost of the research
work carried on in these laboratories, together with that done in
laboratories not separately organized for research, was $2,085,901.
This figure is about the same as the amount ($2,172,508), expended
in 1922 for this purpose. For the first time the Tariff Commission's
census of 1923 has obtained not only the total cost of the research
work carried on by the companies, but the net cost of that work
chargeable to coal-tar products alone, amounting in 1923 to $1,-
900,281. The cited figures are doubtless an understatement of the
real cost of experimental work, since they do not include, in all cases,
the cost of research forming a part of manufacturing operations and
not charged against research on the books of the companies.
The value of the finished coal-tar products produced in 1923 was
about $65,000,000, not including crudes or intermediates. The fore-
going figures give some indication of the large expenditure for re-
search work considered necessary if the industry is to be self-contained
and kept on a stable, efficient basis of operation. The coal-tar chem-
ical industry must not only keep in view, as in the past, the develop-
ment of products already known but must always be alert to the
discovery of new products if it is to maintain a competitive position
in the world's markets.
PART III
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE
UNITED STATES, 1923
69
PART III
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED
STATES, 1923
Introductory
Since 1919 the United States Tariff Commission has compiled a
detailed census of dye imports similar to that published by the
Department of Commerce under the title "Artificial Dyestuffs used
in the United States (fiscal }^ear 1913 and 1914)," commonly known
as the ''Norton import census."
The commission first compiled such statistics for use in the admin •
istration of section 501, title 5, of the tariff act of September 8, 1916,
which made the continuance of specific duties on coal-tar products,
after September 8, 1921, dependent upon the production in the
United States of" as much as 60 per cent in value of the consumption of
these products. As the information was found to be of direct value
to manufacturers, consumers, and importers, as well as to the com-
mission itself, in considering the tariff aspects of the coal-tar chemical
industry, the annual census of imports has been continued.
Through cooperation with the Treasury Department the invoices
covering dye importations through the various ports of the United
States, with the exception of New York, have been sent to the com-
mission for tabulation. In the year 1923, the monthly import sta-
tistics for the port of New York were compiled and published under a
cooperative arrangement between the respective Chemical Divisions
of the Department of Commerce and the Tariff Commission. In
obtaining the final 1923 figures shown in this report, the monthly
data previously available for the port of New York were rechecked
and the statistics for the warehouse withdrawals completed for that
year. Data were also obtained for imports through ports other than
New York.
In tabulating the statistics the commission has followed in the main
the "Schultz Farbstoff Tabellqn," which are based upon the
chemical composition of the dye. Certain types were also identified
according to the "Colour Index" issued by the British Society of
Dyers and Colourists, the Norton census, and other sources of
information in the files of the Tariff Commission. Dyes identified
by Norton as "a, b, and c" classes under a given Schultz number
are listed under that number (without subdivision) except in a few
instances in which they had been incorrectly designated. Dyes
included under these ''a, b, and c" classes are not always chemically
identical with the original Schultz types. Such dyes as could not be
identified by Schultz numbers are classified by the ordinary method
of application, as follows; Acid, basic, direct, lake and spirit-soluble,
71
72 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
mordant and chrome, sulphur, and vat. 1 In many cases the classi-
fication of a dye by its method of application is arbitrary, as certain
colors may be applied by either of two methods. A few dyes could
not be classified either by the Schultz tables or by the method of
application, and are therefore listed under the heading " Unclassified
and unidentified dyes."
The rate of exchange used in converting foreign invoice values to
United States currency was either the rate given on the invoice or,
in comparatively few cases, the exchange value published by the
Treasury Department for the month in which consular certification
occurred.
Summary of Imports of Dyes in 1923
The total imports of coal-tar dyes during the year 1923 were
3,C98,193 pounds, valued at $3,151,363, as compared with 3,982,631
pounds, valued at $5,243,257, for 1922.
Of the total imports in 1923, 47 per cent came from Germany, 28
per cent from Switzerland, 12 per cent from Italy, 6 per cent from
France, 4 per cent from England, and 3 per cent from other countries.
Table 16 shows the quantity and the value (when publishable) of
individual dyes imported in 1923. Table 14 is a summary of dyes
imported from 1920 to 1923, inclusive, classified according to their
method of application. Table 15 gives the quantity of each of the
leading dyes imported in 1923, compared with corresponding imports
for the years 1922, 1921, and 1914.
Swiss dyes. — The coal-tar dyes imported into this country from
Europe fall largely into two groups, (1) dyes shipped directly from
foreign factories, chiefly German and Swiss products, and (2) repara-
tion dyes delivered by Germany in payment to the Allies and sub-
sequently resold and shipped to the United States and other countries.
In addition, there is a small percentage of dye imports originating
with jobbers in the different foreign countries. Swiss dyes constitute
28 per cent, or 867,494 pounds, of total imports during 1923.
The prominent position maintained in the United States by Swiss
dyes calls for a brief review of Switzerland's export trade. In 1913
the total quantity of Swiss dyes exported was 19,458,902 pounds,
valued at $5,549,752 ; in 1920, the year of maximum export, 23,739,794
pounds, valued at $35,411,115, were exported.
Prior to the war the value of Swiss exports of dyes was slightly
more than 10 per cent of the total value of Germany's dye exports.
The proportion of Swiss exports to Germany at that time is significant,
averaging approximately one-fifth of the total. Since the war,
however, exports of Swiss dyes to Germany have been small.
From a broad economic viewpoint the Swiss dye industry is not
self-contained or economically independent, on account of lack of
coal and coke and their products, as well as other raw materials.
Prior to the war many of its essential raw materials were imported
from Germany. Since the war the situation has been materially
changed, raw materials having become available from Great Britain,
France, the United States, Czechoslovakia, and, more recently, again
from Germany. Dye producers in Switzerland to-day enjoy an open
competitive market wherein to purchase their raw materials.
1 In nearly every case vat dyes have been reduced to a single strength.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1&23 73
In 1922 domestic imports of dyes were larger than in 1923, totaling
for the former year 3,982,631 pounds, with an invoice value of
$5,243,257. Of these, Swiss dyes constitute 39 per cent by quantity
and 41 per cent by value. Most of the remainder were of German
manufacture. In 1923 Swiss dyes, amounting to about one-half of
the above quantity, represented 28 per cent of the total imports.
Notwithstanding this decrease, the Swiss dye manufacturers secured
a much greater share of the domestic import trade than would have
been anticipated from the size of the Swiss industry, as compared
with that of Germany. The recent increases reported in the sell-
ing prices of German dyes should favor increased exports of Swiss
dyes. The reduction in the ad valorem duty on September 22, 1924,
from 60 to 45 per cent will also tend to increase domestic imports of
the higher-cost special types, such as are manufactured by the Swiss
industry.
The prominence of Swiss dyes in the domestic market is not
entirely a recent development, as the United States received about
one-fifth of the total Swiss exports in 1914.
During the period of licensed control of dye imports under the
Trading With the Enemy Act and up to the passage of the Dye and
Chemical Control Act on May 27, 1921, licenses were refused for the
importation of competitive types of enemy origin, but were granted for
competitive types of nonenemy origin. This resulted in an extensive
use of Swiss dyes in many of the textile mills of this country. Buyers
consequently became well acquainted with Swiss products, and
their use continued to a considerable extent even after the German
dyes were placed on equal terms with respect to import facilities.
The Swiss have an excellent variety of dyes, consisting mainly of
those of relatively high cost and special type, for which the demand
is Comparatively small. Indigo, however, is an important bulk
color produced in Switzerland. An efficient manufacturing and
distributing organization and the advantage of long experience favor
the development of the Swiss industry.
An examination by class of application of the 66 leading dyes
imported into the United States in 1923 shows that 23 of them were
wholly or largely of Swiss manufacture. These include both com-
petitive and noncompetitive products, as regards American manu-
facturers. The leading Swiss dyes imported in 1923 are as follows:
Acid: Vat:
Xylene light yellow. Ciba violet B.
Erioglaucine. Ciba scarlet.
Eriocyanine. Ciba bordeaux B.
Polar red. Basic:
Polar yellow. Phosphine.
Mordant and chrome: Rhodamine B.
Gallamine blue. Rhodamine 6G.
Alizarin light blue B. Sulphur:
Omega chrome brown. Eclipse brown.
Erio chrome flavine A. Thional brown G.
Direct: Pyrogene blue.
Trisulphon browns. Thional yellow.
Diazamine blue.
Diphenyl brown BN.
Chlorantine fast brown.
Chlorantine fast orange.
1760— 24t 6
74 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Dyes imported from Italy. — In addition to the imports of dyes
originating in plants of foreign manufacturers, a significant portion
of domestic imports was made up of German reparation dyes resold
by the countries receiving them and purchased by American importers.
In 1923, 12 per cent, by quantity, of total domestic imports of dyes
came from Italy, and examination of the individual imports shows
that they include the faster and special types, apparently of German
origin. They furthermore include many types, such as the anthra-
quinone vat dyes, which are not produced in Italy. It may be
assumed, therefore, that these dyes were delivered to Italy in payment
for reparation and later resold to consumers in the United States and
other countries. Official Italian statistics of imports for 1922 show
that 1,634,270 pounds of German reparation dyes were received in
that year and 2,156,760 pounds in the first nine months of 1923.
From the 50 per cent stocks of dyes 2 on hand in the German plants
as of August 15, 1919, (totaling 10,353,057 kilos, or 22,824,349
pounds), subject to the Reparation Commission's option, 5,200 tons
were withdrawn for immediate delivery. Of these Italy received 700
tons, the United States and Great Britain each 1,500 tons, France
1,000 tons, and Belgium 500 tons. The remainder of the stock was
distributed on the basis of the pre-war consumption, taking into
account new conditions and home production. In this way Italy
received 7 per cent of the Indanthrene blue GCD compared with the
United States 55 per cent, and 13 per cent of the other vat dyes, as
against 39 per cent for the United States. The total dye deliveries
from the stocks on hand to the allied and associated Governments
were 9,889,650 kilos (21,802,722 pounds).
During the period of United States participation the option for
the delivery of 25 per cent of the German daily production gave no
GCD blue to Italy and only 9 per cent of the other vat dyes, while
the United States received 60 per cent of GCD blue and 42 per cent
of other vats.
After the cessation of deliveries to the United States, the percent-
ages accorded to Italy, France, and Belgium showed a conspicuous
increase of GCD blue; Italy received 25 per cent, and of other vat
dyes Italy and France each received 20 per cent, Belgium 10 per cent,
and Great Britain 50 per cent.
According to the report of the Reparation Commission, Italy had
received up to December 31, 1923, 6,274,601 kilos (13,832,985
pounds) of all dyes out of a total delivery by Germany of 25,583,390
kilos (56,401,142 pounds). Italy ranked second to Great Britain, the
latter receiving 7,664,993 kilos (16.898,244 pounds) of all dyes.
These reparation figures are of interest in any consideration of the
possible imports of reparation dyes from Italy and France in 1924,
especially in view of the renewed deliveries of the I. G. to the different
allied countries.
2 "Report on the Works of the Reparation Commission from 1920-1922, printed and published by
His Majesty's Stationery Offices."
DYES IMPORTED FOE COXSTJMPTIOX IN" UNITED STATES, 1923
IMPORT STATISTICS.
75
Table 14. — Summary of dyes imported for consumption, classified by method of
application, 1920-1923.
Class
Acid.
Vat:
1923
Pounds
544, 048
(o) Indigo
(b) Vat (other than indigo) - - 1,207,554
Total I 1,207,554
Mordant and chrome:
(a) Alizarin
(b) Mordant and chrome-
Total
Direct
Sulphur
Basic
Spirit-soluble and color-lake
Unidentified, unclassified special .
27, 716
425, 699
453,415
Total 3, 098, 193
527, 014
114,023
210, 896
23,213
18, 030
Per
cent of
total
17.56
38.98
13.74
14.63
17.01
3.68
6.81
100.00
1922
Pounds
601, 395
505
1, 548, 519
Per
cent of
total
15.10
.01
38.89
27, 086
689, 704
716, 790
.68
17.32
18.00
671,621
194, 883
155, 084
76, 853
16, 981
3, 982, 631
16.86
4.89
3.89
1.93
.43
100. 00
1921
1920
Class
Pounds
Per
cent of
total
Pounds
Per
cent of
total
Acid
1, 455, 823
70, 975
1, 045, 370
34.24
1.66
24.59
733, 405
171, 101
761, 363
21.55
Vat:
(a) Indigo
5.04
(b) Vat (other than indigo)
22.37
Total
1,116,345
26.25
932, 464
27.41
Mordant and chrome:
(a) Alizarin.
136, 283
559, 678
3.58
12.78
73, 252
636, 230
2.16
(6) Mordant and chrome
18.71
Total
695, 961
16.36
709, 482
20.87
Direct
537, 664
220, 938
163, 527
43, 553
19, 100
12.64
5.20
3.84
1.02
.45
571, 581
229, 140
192, 163
17, 527
16, 820
16.80
Sulphur
6.73
Basic
5.64
Spirit-soluble and color-lake
.51
Unindentified, unclassified special
.49
Total
4, 252, 911
100.00
3, 402, 582
100. 00
76
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 15. — Dyes of each class according to method of application, imported in
largest quantity during the calendar year 192S, compared with imports in 1922,
1921, and fiscal year 191 4
Class and name of dye
ACID DYES
Patent blue..
Alizarin rubinol 3G, 5G, GW, R.
Xylene light yellow
Erioglaucine.
Palatine black...
Cyanol
Eriocyanine <
Fast green .^
Sulphoncy anine black
Polar red 3B, G. R. RS_.
Polar yellow, 2G, 5G
Naphthalene green
Patent blue A
Neptune green
Brilliant milling blue.
VAT DYES
Indanthrene yellow (single strength)
Indanthrene golden orange R (single strength).
Indanthrene blue GCD (single strength)
Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength) .
C iba violet B (single strength)
Hydron pink FB, FF (single strength)
Algol brown B (single strength)
Helindone pink B, R, RN (single strength)
Indanthrene green B (single strength)
Indanthrene blue RS (single strength)...
Ciba scarlet (single strength)
Ciba bordeaux B (single strength)
Indanthrene. blue 3G (single strength)
Anthraflavone G (single strength)
Algol red FF, R (single strength)
MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Alizarin blue black
Gallamine blue
Alizarin (synthetic) _.
Alizarin saphirol B
Alizarin red. _
Alizarin viridine
Alizarin direct green G
Alizarin brown
Acid alizarin gray G
Alizarin GL, RG
Alizarin astrol
Omega chrome brown G, PB.
Eriochrome flavine A
Alizarin black
Alizarin orange
DIRECT DYES
1923
Pounds
66, 279
48, 826
46, 886
38, 254
33, 500
19, 979
19, 202
17, 190
15, 543
15,031
13, 453
13, 328
11,872
8,825
8,540
87, 946
79, 717
70, 546
67, 265
64,517
55, 428
55,081
47, 771
40, 420
38. 235
37, 524
35, 714
31, 748
27, 721
25, 228
70, 917
29, 244
27,716
26, 615
25, 017
17,217
16, 241
14, 531
13, 526
12, 528
11,224
11,511
10, 713
10, 521
8,444
Diaminogene blue.. I 88, 778
Diaminogene B .- j 32,903
Trisulphon brown B I 26,980
Diphenyl red.. i 21, 160
Diamine fast orange EG, ER, R ' 17,793
Diphenyl brown BN 1 i 17,534
Benzo fast blue 17,036
Trisulphon brown GG 16, 150
Toluylene orange.
Chlorantine fast brown 3GL, RL.
Zambesi black D, V
Diphenyl fast brown GNC
Diamine scarlet
Diazo pure blue B, 3G, 3GL
SULPHUR DYES
14, 382
13, 558
13,000
10, 126
9,950
9,026
Thionol brown 28,802
Cross dye green B 26,242
Eclipse brown | 10,000
Thional brown G.... > 9, 228
Pyrogene blue ' 8,929
Thional yellow I 7, 306
1922
Pounds
49, 136
26, 457
12, 937
25, 852
11,436
20, 658
14, 808
52, 498
14, 858
14, 926
2,998
19, 298
3,436
1,661
872
15,507
78, 145
16, 802
73, 305
131, 661
20, 250
16, 778
40, 668
« 57, 344
39, 999
33, 246
33. 621
24, 992
20, 594
14, 825
22, 277
29, 237
27, 086
46, 596
25, 872
25, 910
11,669
4,596
7,555
6,500
8,155
8,570
12, 293
7,343
15, 523
22, 420
8,527
45, 697
33, 945
8,719
2,598
6,997
37,648
36, 920
7,715
3,000
9,797
14, 137
14, 067
48, 750
27, 834
35, 991
24, 251
1921
Pounds
42, 708
(')
60, 422
16,004
14, 850
14, 271
16, 808
22, 619
615
2,579
23, 928
16, 170
7,462
2,175
49, 609
56, 390
201, 835
33, 423
21, 987
6,640
3 6. 932
28, 908
10, 695
4,625
19, 715
10, 594
14, 489
43, 277
15,179
4 136, 283
28, 606
15, 565
9,499
36, 534
20, 700
2,818
18, 266
24, 657
5,486
110
26, 524
5,854
19, 182
7,864
38, 558
4,036
6,261
3,768
22, 872
523
4,589
1,752
969
12, 399
6,892
20, 632
51,074
21, 248
11,718
17, 704
1 Included in Schultz No. 856.
' Figures for Indanthrene black included.
2 Figures incomplete
4 Figures from Department of Commerce.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 77
Table 15. — Dyes of each class according to method of application, imported in
largest quantity during the calendar year 1923, compared with imports in 1922,
1921, and fiscal year 1914 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Class and name of dye
1923
1922
1921
Pounds
Pounds
51,711
21, 325
13, 545
10, 069
5,077
10, 890
6,765
7,297
3,476
872
711
1,613
2,060
4,329
2,746
421
2,824
1914
571
573
618
608
603
663
661
500
BASIC DYES
Phosphine..
Rhodamine 6G
Rhodamine B
Thioflavine T
Euchrysine
Acridine orange
New methylene blue
Thionine blue.
Setopaline
Pounds
42, 176
31, 242
29, 083
20, 283
9,483
9,349
6,343
6,129
5,853
Pounds'
168, 225"
37,515
59, 354
35,224-
15, 403:
2,33&
30, 392
18, 618
923
Key to Abbreviations Used in Table 16
1. THE SIX LEADING GERMAN COMPANIES
A Actien-Gesellschaft fur Anilin-Fabrikation, Berlin. Founded 1873.
B Badische Anilin-und-Soda-Fabrik, Ludwigshafen - on -the- Rhine.
Founded 1865.
Bv Farbenfabriken, vormals Friedr. Bayer & Co., Leverkusen-on-the-
Rhine. Founded 1862.
C Leopold Cassella & Co., Frankfort-on -the- Main. Founded 1870.
K Kalle & Co., A. G., Biebrich on the Rhine. Founded 1870.
M Farbwerke, vormals Meister Lucius & B riming, Hochst-on-the-Main.
Founded 1862.
2. THE SMALLER GERMAN COMPANIES
BK Leipziger Anilinfabrik Bever & Kegel, Fiirstenberg, near Leipzig.
Founded 1882.
CG Chemikalienwerk Griesheim G. m. b. H., Griesheim-on-the-Main.
Founded 1881.
CJ Carl Jager G. m. b. H., Anilinfarbenfabrik, Diisseldorf. Founded
1823.
GrE Chemis,che Fabrik Griesheim-Electron, Offenbach -on -the -Main.
Founded 1842.
L Farbwerk Muhlheim, vormals A. Leonhardt & Co., Miihlheim-on-the-
Main. Founded 1879.
tM Chemische Fabriken, formals Weiler ter Meer, Uerdingen-on-the-
Rhine. Founded 1877.
WD Wiilfing, Dahl & Co., A. G., Barmen. Founded 1842.
A-S Co Arzberger & Schopff & Co., Eisenach.
3. DUTCH, BELGIAN, AND FRENCH COMPANIES
FA Farbwerk Ammersfoort, Ammersfoort, Netherlands. Founded 1888.
NF Niederlandische Farben-und-Chemikalienfabrik Delft, Delft, Nether-
lands. Founded 1897.
LG Lazard Godchaux, of Brussels. (These products are probably com-
pounded largely from the dyes made by A. Wiescher & Co., of
Haeren, Belgium.)
P Societe Anonyme des Matieres colorantes et produits chimiques
St. Denis (formerly A. Poirrier), St. Denis, near Paris, France.
Founded 1830.
4. SWISS COMPANIES, ALL AT BASEL
DH Farbwerke vormals L. Durand, Huguenin & Co. Founded 1871.
G Anilinfarben-und-Extract-Fabriken, vormals Joh. Rud. Geigy,
Founded 1764.
I Gesellschaft fur chemische Industrie. Founded 1885.
S Chemische Fabrik, vormals Sandoz & Co. Founded 1887.
78
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
5. ENGLISH COMPANIES
Bro Brotherton and Co. (Ltd.), City Chambers, Leeds.
B. A. C British Alizarine Co. (Ltd.), Manchester.
B. D British Dyestuffs Corporation (Ltd.), London.
CI. Co The Clavton Aniline Co. (Ltd.), Clayton, Manchester.
C. V The Colne Vale Dye and Chemical Co. (Ltd.), Milnsbridge, Hudders-
field.
Hoi L. B. Holliday and Co. (Ltd.), Huddersfield.
Scot Scottish Dyes (Ltd.), Grangemouth.
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923
Name of dye
Total-
Mart ius yellow
Aniline yellow
Direct yellow
Sun yellow G
Chloramine orange
Chloramine orange G
Diphenyl chrysoine
Diphenyl chrysoine GC
Fast light yellow
Fast light yellow
Fast light yellow 2G
Fast light yellow 2G
Fast light yellow 3G
Fast light yellow 3G
Fast light yellow R_.
Pigment chrome yellow
Pigment chrome yellow L paste
Xylene light yellow
Xylene light yellow 2G cone. 75 per cent..
Xylene light yellow 2G cone. 100 per cent.
Xylene light yellow R cone.
Dianil yellow 3G
Hansa yellow G—
Hansa yellow G paste
Hansa yellow G pdr.
Chrysoidine R
Chrysoidine RL
Orange G
Orange 2G
Orange 2G
Alizarin yellow G...
Alizarin yellow 2G
Alizarin yellow 2G
Alizarin yellow 5G...
Alizarin yellow GD
Autol red
Nitrosamine red paste
Alizarin yellow R .
Alizarin yellow R paste
Ultra orange R._
Victoria violet
Azo wool blue SE
Victoria violet 4BS cone
Azo acid blue.
Azo acid blue B cone
Azo coralline - ».
Azo coralline L
Helio fast red
Sitara fast red RL
Tannin orange R
Tannin orange R pdr..
Brilliant cochineal..
Palatine scarlet A
Azo chromine -
Azo chromine NR paste
Acid anthracene brown..
Acid anthracene brown PG
Acid anthracene brown R
Acid anthracene brown RH
Sudan R
Pigment purple A pdr..
Manu-
fac-
turer
S.._
By".
G.
WD.
By..
WD.
By..
WD.
WD.
M.
M.
C-
WD.
S— .
WD.
tM.
C."
By.
By.
By.
M.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
3, 098, 193
2,102
""55
4,409
"6,211
100
100
4,081
1,900
55
254
1,589
994
210
....
551
"466
101
"""55
~7,"8l6
DYES IMPOETED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 79
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Invoice
value
100
A
A
Pounds
7,501
260
447
117
Erica 2GN
By
By
119
400
C
121
3,298
$5, 866
Q
B
A
345
B
10
M
80
Black JD... .....
B
M
10
C
1,323
G
140
5,991
5,843
DH
DH
DH
G
100
C -
2,240
A
154
1,459
1,419
B
B
B
B
158
1,054
G
G
3,920
M
160
B
6
170
Fast red AV
B
Fast red AVX
B
168
500
C
C
175
220
G
177
700
588
A
A
C
180
2,205
G
182
7,414
7,438
S
s_.
s
184
4,409
G
193
CICo...
300
25
198
Thiazol yellow 3G
By
206
750
G
207
10, 126
G
217
150
By
220
33,500
18, 425
A
Wool black ORF
A
Wool jet black 3B
A
221
C
453
80 UNITED STATES TAKIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Schultz
No.
222
236
240
250
256
260
265
266
273
274
276
277
279
283
293
294
296
297
303
306
308
313
319
322
Name of dye
Janus yellow
Janus yellow G .
Yellow IG
Yellow JG
Wool red B
Fast bordeaux B
Janus red B
Janus red B
Bed IB
Red JB.
Milling orange ,
Sulphon black 3B
Azo cyanine GR —
Sulphon cvanine
Cloth fast blue R
Eriochrome verdon 8..
Sulphonyanine black.
Acid milling black
Acid milling black B 50 per cent,.
Acid milling black B 100 per cent.
Naphthylamine black
Naphthylamine black 6B
Diaminogene blue.
Diaminogene blue NA..
Diaminogene blue NBB
Diazamine blue NA
Diazamine blue BR..
Diazamine blue RR
Naphthogene blue RR
Diaminogene B
Black extra
Diaminogene extra
Diaminogene black extra
Diazo indigo blue BR
Diazo indigo blue 2RL
Zambesi pure blue 4BG
Diamond green
Diamond green B
Anthracene acid black
Anthracene acid black ST
Acid chrome black STC
Benzo fast scarlet
Benzo fast scarlet 5BS
Benzo fast scarlet 8BS
Benzo fast scarlet GS
Direct fast scarlet SE
Bismark brown
Bismark brown
Excelsior brown
Leather brown A..
Vesuvine extra
Vesuvine 3R
Palatine chrome black
Acid alizarin black SE pdr.
Milling red
Milling red G . —
Fast mordant yellow '
Fast mordant yellow G pdr
Cotton yellow
Benzo fast yellow RL
Cotton yellow —
Cotton yellow GI.
Cotton yellow GX
Diamine fast yellow 3G
Benzo fast pink 2BL
Paper yellow
Brilliant yellow
Brilliant yellow cone
Pyramine orange 3G
Diazo black OT....
Congo rubine.
Diamine scarlet...
Chloramine red 3B
Diamine brilliant bordeaux R
Diamine scarlet B
Diamine scarlet 3B
Triazol red 3B
Trisulphon violet B
Manu-
fac-
turer
BK
M...
M...
M...
WD.
K.
By.
C...
C .
CN
S— .
s....
A ..
C.
C.
c
Bv.
By.
A
By.
C._
By.
By.
By.
By.
I...
WD.
WD.
C...
B...
M...
By.
B..
B..
B__
C.
By.
By.
S...
B..
By.
A..
S
c.__.
c...
c...
GrE.
S.....
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
760
115
"766'
551
200
333
2,205
15, 543
798
S~778'
119
5,196
2,429
179
"I60
11
"3,"329
121
1,501
♦,500
501
100
9,950
Invoice
value
$1, 292
8,111
93, 814
26, 917
7,078
1,225
3,456
9,910
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 81
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1928 — Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
Columbia blue R,
Qxydiamine violet -
Benzo violet O
Naphthamine violet BE —
Zambesi brown
Zambesi brown 4R .
Benzo fast red
Benzo fast red 8BL
Diamine black
Oxamine black BHN extra.
Naphthamine blue
Naphthamine blue JEF .
Brilliant orange --
Diamine orange B
Benzo orange R
Benzo fast orange WS
Chrysamine ---
Chrysamine K
Chrysamine KS .
Diamine fast red
Diamine fast red 8BL
Oxamine red
Oxamine red X ...
Oxamine red 3BX ...
Diphenyl brown
Diphenyl brown BBNC
Diphenyl brown GS
Diamine brown B -
Direct gray R paste
Diphenyl red
Aceto purpurine 8B___
Chloramine red 8BS
Toluvlene red -
Toluylene red 00__
Pyramine orange R
Ignamine (Pyramine) orange R
Diazo brilliant black
Diazo brilliant black B ...
Delta purpurine
Delta purpurine 5B
Brilliant congo ... -
Brilliant congo R
Congo orange
Congo orange R ---
Congo orange R -
Benzo blue
Chloramine blue BXR cone
Columbia blue G..
Toluylene orange. _
Direct fast orange K
Pyrazol orange G cone
Toluylene fast orange GL__
Benzopurpurine 10B
Benzoazurine 3G.._
Chicago blue 6B
Brilliant benzo blue 6B
Chloramine sky blue FF cone
Benzo pure blue cone
Janus brown
Janus brown B.
Columbia black
Patent dianil black FF cone
Diamine bronze
Diamine bronze G
Trisulphon brown
Diphenyl brown TB cone.
Trisulphon brown B
Trisulphon brown B cone
Benzo fast blue
Benzo fast blue 2GL
Benzo fast blue. 4GL
Benzo light blue 2GE
Benzo light blue 4GL
Trisulphon brown GG
Trisulphon brown GG.
Trisulphon brown GG cone. 50 per cent.
Trisulphon brown GG cone. 70 per cent.
Chloramine blue HW__
Chloramine blue H\V
By.
A..
By!
C.
By!
A....
By...
GrE.
GrE.
B._
By".
By.
By".
A..
By.
I...
S...
By.
S...
By.
By.
S—
By.
M.
By.
By.
By.
By.
Pounds
10
, 633
50
"I,"042~
5
"I,"98l"
3,821
"""56"
"5,"002"
200
"966"
17, 534
451
2,172
21, 160
6,895
""782"
""'iii'
"""336"
"2,"020"
900
25
14, 382
100
22
7,431
50
"""800"
"26,"980"
17, 036
16,150
100
$1, 335
2,656
13, 101
39, 210
31,338
19, 49S
82 UNITED STATES TAKIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Oxamine green G__ ..
Naphthamine green AN..
Benzamine brown 3GO
Dianil chrome brown O
Benzo brown D3G
Auramine
Auramine N conc._
Auramine 00
Auramine G
Auramine G .
Auramine G
Setoglaueine
Setoglaucine 753
Setoglaueine 753, 55 per cent
Setoglaucine 753, 100 per cent
Victoria green
Turquoise blue BB, G
Setopaline
Setopaline cone. 707
Brilliant glacier blue
Neptune green
Brilliant acid green 6B
Brilliant milling green B
Erioviridine B supra
Guinea fast green B
Night green A
Patent green AGL
Light green (yellowish)
Acid green GG extra
Light green SF yellowish
Light green SF yellowish XX
Erioglaucine
Brilliant acid blue EG
Erioglaucine.
Erioglaucine A
Erioglaucine AB
Erioglaucine AP
Erioglaucine EP
Erioglaucine supra cone
Xylene blue VS
Xylene blue VS cone ..
Magenta
Diamond magenta I, small crystals.
Magenta, small crystals
Bed violet
Violet 4RN
Methyl violet
Methyl violet crystals
Methyl violet NFB..
Methyl violet 300 XE
Crystal violet
Crystal violet crystals
Crystal violet extra cone
Crystal violet extra..
Crystal violet pdr
Crystal violet O
Crystal violet 5BO
Ethyl purple
Ethvl violet.
Ethyl violet 6B
Victoria blue 4R__
Victoria blue 4R
Victoria blue 4R highly cone
Fast green
Fast green bluish
Fast green extra bluish
Fast green extra bluish cone
Acid magenta
Acid fuchsine S cone.
Acid magenta
Acid violet 4BN..
Acid violet 4BNS cone
Acid violet 6BNOO
Acid violet 7BN.
Fast acid violet 10B
Fast acid violet 10 B
Kiton fast violet 10 B
Kiton fast violet 10 B cone
Manu-
fac-
turer
M..
By.
G._
G..
G..
B..
By.
By.
C._
G._
A..
tM.
M..
By.
B._
B_.
By.
G..
G..
G_.
G._
G_.
G..
tM..
K...
B...
WD.
M...
S— ..
B___.
GrE.
By.
By.
By.
S...
By.
By.
I...
I—
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
250
100
6
3,944
3,637
~3.~498
5
4
5,853
110
8,825
Invoice
value
38, 254
6,104
~""l48
220
"690
3,738
3,852
"I~350
~l7,"l90'
577
6,305
5,862
DYES IMPORTED FOE CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 83
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
530
531
532
534
535
536
537
539
541
543
544
545
546
548
550
553
►-
554
555
557
558
Acid violet - " "i»"
Acid violet 3BNO %-
Acid violet 6BNG I £-
Acid violet C 10B.. 1 °-
Formyl violet S 4B ^-
Acid violet 4 BS._ ."".'— 1 WD -
B.
Acid violet 10B... | c
Erioeyanine - -|-jj
Eriocyanine A - - --- i J*
Erioeyanine AC --- - "
Alkali violet
Alkali violet CA
Alkali violet 4BNOO
Alkali violet 6BOO
Acid violet 7B
Acid violet 7B cone
Methyl alkali blue
Methyl alkali blue
Methyl alkali blue pdr
Alkali blue
Alkali blue 3R cone
Methyl blue for silk
Methyl Lyons blue
Methyl silk blue new
Pure blue 2G -
Soluble blue
Cotton blue No. 2 cone —
Silk blue BSIC
Soluble blue T....
Water blue..
Brilliant dianil blue 6G
Brilliant cotton blue 6B...
Direct brilliant blue 8B...
Patent blue - -
Brilliant acid blue V
Carmine blue V
Neptune blue BGX
Patent blue V
Patent blue V
Patent marine blue LE...
Tetra eyanol V
Cyanine B -.
Cyanine B
Patent blue A
Brilliant acid blue A
Brilliant acid blue F
Brilliant acid blue FF
Neptune blue BXX
Patent blue A
Patent blue A
Tetracyanol A
Cyanol
Cyanol extra.
Cyanol extra
Cyanol extra A
Cyanol FF
Glaucol FF
Acid violet 6BN._
Acid violet 6BNOO
Acid violet 6BS
Acid violet GENG
Chrome bordeaux..
Chrome bordeaux B i
Eriochrome cyanine
Eriochrome cyanine RC.
Chrome azurol -
Chrome azurol S cone
Chrome azurol SXT
Aurine
Aurine 100 per cent
Chrome violet
Chrome violet CG
Victoria blue R
Cornflower blue B
Quantity
M....
GrE.
tM.
G..
G_.
tM.
M.._.
GrE.
B...
A...
By.
I...
1',..
A..
M-
M..
C.
M.
By.
By.
By.
B..
A..
M..
C.
B...
WD.
G...
DH.
G.
Q-
Pounds
197
Invoice
value
19,202
142
195
100
$420
7,058
20, 523
1,165
440
66, 279
440
2,392
50,586
11,872
19, 979
999
1,601
10,646
23, 576
4,836
DH.
WD.
550
84 UNITED STATES TAKIFE COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
659
Pounds
1,722
$3, 322
Q
Q
Victoria blue B highly cone
B
B
B
560
28
Night blue.
B
G
562
2,103
2,966
Acid blue RBF
I..
By
G
By
Wool blue N
By
564
13, 328
20, 967
G ..
I
M
M
S
565
500
Wool blue 2B .. .
A
Wool blue 5B
A
666
105
C.
B
568
55
L
569
55
L
571
31,242
97, 991
B
By
I...
M
G
M
Rhodamine 6GDN
BD
B...
M
Rhodamine 6GH ..
I..
572
412
B
G
573
29, 083
50, 058
G
B
By..
I_
Q -
M
574
110
I
679
941
M ..
M...
580
251
771
M
M
M
582
232
Acid violet 4RNOO
B...
G
584
M
25
5
587
Q
597
59
Q
M
601
50
Q
602
440
L .
603
9,349
26, 623
DH
BD...
DH
By
By......
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 85
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Schultz
No.
606
Name of dye
007
609
612
613
615
617
618
620
622
624
625
626
627
631
633
Phosphine
Acid phosphine R —
C anelle AL
Coriphosphine OX extra
Leather phosphine G
Leather phosphine 2G
Patent phosphine G -
Patent phosphine G
Patent phosphine G
Patent phosphine 2G -.-
Patent phosphine R
Philadelphia yellow 2G
Phosphine O
Phosphine 3R
Phosphine 3R
Rheonine --
Runic (Rheonine) AL cone
Runic (Rheonine) GD
Euchrvsine -
Euchrysine GRNTN
Euchrysine RRX
Euchrysine RRDX
Patent phosphine R --
Patent phosphine 2R
Patent phosphine GRNTN....
Patent phosphine RRDX.
Homophosphine
Auracine G cone
Corioflavine GOOO
Flavophosphine G cone
Quinoline yellow, spirit-soluble
Quinoline yellow...
Quinoline yeliow
Quinoline yellow cone
Quinoline yellow
Quinoline yellow cone.
Quinoline yellow cone --
Quinoline yellow extra
Quinoline yellow KT extra cone
Quinoline yellow N
Quinoline yellow O.-
Thioflavine S
Direct yellow S.
Columbia yellow
Chloramine yellow GG_.
Diamine fast yellow AGG..
Diphenyl chlorine yellow FF supra.
Thioflavine T
Basic yellow T .-
Basic yellow TON..
Methylene yellow H.
Rhoduline yellow 6G
Rhoduline yellow 6GT
Tannoflavine T -
Thioflavine T...
Thioflavine TON
Yellow T --
Capri blue
Capri blue GON cone —
Delphine blue B -
Brilliant delphine blue B..
Modern violet N
Modern violet N pdr
Chrome heliotrope
Modern heliotrope
Gallocyanine... •
Brilliant chrome blue P
Gallocyanine paste. -
Anthracy anine -
Anthracyanine S pdr
Chromaoetine blue S pdr..
Modern cyanine V pdr
Modern royal blue pdr
Chromocyanine
Chromocyanine B paste
Indalizarin
Indalizarin J paste
Manu-
fac-
turer
B.__.
B....
By...
G....
G.„.
G.._.
By...
I
G.__.
I
A....
M...
A....
GrE.
By...
GrE.
M._,
By.
S...
By.
S...
B..
By.
By.
M.
By.
C.
a..
c__
c.
M„
By.
By.
s...
c.
c.
c.
s....
dh!
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
42, 176
Invoice
value
565
9,483
$70, 475
15, 537
2,520
1,320
~7,~l68
35
1,652
"20,"283
4,432
2,104
"io'on
1,307
37,527
110
~2,~66T
440
"116"
2,202
"3,"082
432
"33p
8,001
86 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Invoice
value
635
Pounds
990
$2, 34»
Blue 1900 dbl. pdr
dh
Gallo violet DF
Bv
Modern violet pdr
DH
636
330
1__
Violet PDH pdr
DH
637
29, 244
G
644
200
S
645
712
DH
DH
649
1,404
979
B
S
s .
650
Cotton blue BB
B
5
3,435
653
Danubia (Nile) blue BX
B.
B
658
1,163
By
By
660
505
50
M
By
M
661
6,129
11, 639
Thionine blue G -
I
M
M
663
6,443
10, 889
Methylene blue NNX
B
C
C
C
667
201
By
672
7,218
7,147
B
B
B.
673 '
2,209
2,131
B
B
B
K
679
110
G
681
3,144
1,872
P
P
By
685
C
B
50
30
49
686
687
Rosolane O, T, R
M
M
688
125
P
695
500
A
699
155
B...
B_._ ...
700
3,079
1,752
B
WD
B
A
705
3,500
A
A
712
10
B
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 87
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Sulphur black -
Thiogene black MA highly cone.
Immedial black... •
Immedial direct blue B..
Pyrogene blue - ■
Pyrogene direct blue RL
Immedial indone ■
Immedial indogene GLC cone
Pyrogene yellow ■
Pyrogene yellow M
Pyrogene indigo - ■
Pyrogene indigo -■
Pyrogene indigo cone -- ■
Katigene green ■
Immedial green GG extra
Pyrogene green 3G cone.
Thional brown
Thional brown G
Hydron blue (single strength)
Hydron blue G paste
Hydron blue G pdr --
Hydron blue R paste -
Hydron blue R pdr -
Kryogene violet -
Kryogene violet 3 RX
Anthraflavone G (single strength)
Anthraflavone G paste
Anthraflavone GC paste
Anthraflavone GC paste, fine
Anthraflavone GC pdr
Anthra yellow G paste
Anthra yellow GC paste --
Anthra yellow GC paste, fine
Anthra yellow GC pdr
Indanthrene" golden orange G (single strength)..
Duranthrene golden orange Y paste
Helindone golden orange IG paste
Helindone golden orange IG dbl. paste
Indanthrene golden orange G paste
Indanthrene golden orange G dbl. paste
Indanthrene golden orange G pdr.
Vat golden orange G dbl. paste
Indanthrene golden orange R (single strength)..
Helindone golden orange IRRT paste
Helindone golden orange IRRT paste, fine..
Helindone golden orange IRRT pdr
Indanthrene golden orange RRT paste
Indanthrene golden orange RRT paste, fine.
Indanthrene golden orange RRT pdr
Indanthrene golden orange RRTS pdr
Vat orange RRT paste
Vat orange RRT paste...
Indanthrene scarlet GS pdr
Indanthrene scarlet GS pdr
Vat orange 4R pdr..
Indanthrene dark blue BO (single strength)
Helindone dark blue IBOA paste
Indanthrene dark blue BO extra paste
Indanthrene dark blue BO pdr
Indanthrene green B (single strength)
Helindone black IBB pdr
Helindone blue green IB dbl. paste
Indanthrene black
Indanthrene black 2B extra paste
Indanthrene black 2B dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue green B dbl. paste.-
Vat black BB dbl. paste
Vat blue green B dbl. paste
Indanthrene violet RR (single strength)
Helindone violet IRR extra paste
Helindone violet IRR extra pdr
Helindone violet DIRR extra paste
Indanthrene violet RR extra paste
Indanthrene violet RR dbl. paste
Indanthrene violet RR pdr..
Indanthrene violet RR extra pdr
Vat brilliant violet RR paste
Vat brilliant violet RR pdr
Vat brilliant violet RRP pdr....
Indanthrene violet B paste
Manu-
fac-
turer
M.
BD.
M._
M_.
B...
B...
B...
B ..
M..
M..
M_.
B..
B._
B._
B._
B._
By.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
500
940
"8,~929"
570
"*"55l'
"2,"314"
4,283
9,228
"'2S6'
Invoice
value
$116
1,110
"27," 72l'
25, 537
67, 265
63, 342
79, 717
566
5,051
~46~420
2,944
'187607
24,506
15, 752
53
88 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Alizarin black 25 per cent paste
Alizarin black S paste 25 per cent
Alizarin black S paste 25 per cent
Alizarin black S pdr
Alizarin, black WE pdr
Alizarin black WX extra S paste 40 per cent.
Alizarin, synthetic— 20 per cent paste
Alizarin _
Alizarin pdr
Alizarin VI extra pure 20 per cent
Alizarin red IB extra paste 20 per cent
Alizarin red DIB extra paste 20 per cent
Alizarin orange 20 per cent paste
Alizarin orange 20 per cent
Alizarin orange AO 20 per cent
Alizarin orange A 20 per cent
Alizarin orange pdr. 80 per cent.
Alizarin red powder
Alizarin carmine pdr
Alizarin red IWS pdr.
Alizarin red S pdr
Alizarin red S pdr
Alizarin red W pdr
Alizarin brown t.
Anthracene brown R pdr.
Anthracene brown RD paste
Alizarin SX, GD paste
Alizarin SX 20 per cent paste.
Alizarin red SX extra paste...
Alizarin red SX 20 per cent paste
Alizarin RQ, GI
Alizarin SDG 20 per cent paste
Alizarin red XGP 20 per cent paste
Alizarin red YCA 20 per cent paste
Alizarin cyanine
Alizarin cyanine NS pdr
Acid alizarin blue BB
Anthracene blue SWB pdr..
Anthracene blue SWGG extra pdr
Anthracene blue SWR pdr
Cibanone orange R (single strength)
Cibanone orange R pdr
Cibanone black (single strength)
Cibanone black B paste 10 per cent
Cibanone black 2G pdr. 100 per cent
Cibanone yellow R (single strength)
Cibanone yellow R paste 10 per cent...
Cibanone yellow R pdr.
Alizarin maroon W
Alizarin maroon,.
Alizarin cyanine G
Alizarin cyanine G pdr
Alizarin cyanine NSG pdr
Anthracene blue
Anthracene blue WG paste.
Anthracene blue WBU paste
Anthracene blue WGU paste
Alizarin blue WX, A..
Alizarin blue B pdr ,
Alizarin blue S
Alizarin blue S extra paste
Alizarin blue S pdr..
Alizarin blue SB pdr
Alizarin black S
Alizarin black S paste
Alizarin green S paste
Alizarin green S paste
Alizarin green S paste
Helindone yellow (single strength)
Vat yellow RK paste
Vat yellow RK pdr ,
Algol yellow 3G (single strength) ,
Algol yellow 3G paste..
Algol yellow 3G pdr
Indanthrene copper R paste
1 5,815 pounds of paste, 2,133 pounds of pdr.
Manu-
fac-
turer
A-S Co.
A-S Co.
B
By
By
BAC.
BAC.
B..._
M_-.
BAC.
M...
B_...
BAC.
By.._
By.
G..
B
By...
BAC.
M...
By...
BAC.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
M.
M.
B....
BAC.
By.
By.
B..
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
10, 521
27,716
Invoice
value
8,444
25, 017
14, 531
8, 206
12, 528
442
"912'
5,060
"57175'
8,373
500
"2, _ 607'
3,379
441
1,876
"3,~898'
1,471
""494'
DYES IMPORTED FOE CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 89
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
Quantity-
Invoice
value
Algol yellow WF (single strength)
Algol yellow WF pdr
Algol red 5G (single strength)
Algol red 5G pdr...
Algol red 5GK paste
Algol red 5GK pdr
Algol yellow R (single strength)
Algol yellow R pdr
Vat yellow GK paste
Vat yellow GK pdr
Algol pink R, (single strength)
Algol pink R paste
Algol pink R pdr
Algol red FF, R (single strength)
Algol brilliant red 2B paste.
Algol brilliant red 2B pdr
Algol brilliant red 2B extra pdr
Algol red FF extra paste
Algol red FF pdr
Algol red R paste
Algol red R pdr
Algol brilliant violet R (single strength)
Algol brilliant violet R paste
Algol brilliant violet R pdr
Duranthrene brilliant violet R paste
Duranthrene brilliant violet R pdr
Vat brilliant violet RK paste
Vat brilliant violet RK pdr..
Algol brilliant violet 2B (single strength)
Algol brilliant viofft 2B pdr
Indanthrene brilliant violet 2BK paste..
Indanthrene brilliant violet 2BK pdr
Algol brilliant orange FR (single strength)..
Algol brilliant orange FR paste
Algol brilliant orange FR pdr
Indanthrene orange RRK pdr
Algol orange R (single strength)
Algol orange R paste
Algol orange R pdr
Indanthrene orange 6RTK pdr
Algol red B (single s-trength) *
Algol red B pdr
Indanthrene claret B extra (single strength).
Anthra bordeaux R paste
Anthra claret R paste fine
Anthra bordeaux R pdr
Indanthrene bordeaux B extra paste
Indanthrene claret B (single strength)
Indanthrene bordeaux B pdr
Vat heliotrope R dbl. paste
Indanthriene red R (single strength)..
Indanthrene red R paste
Indanthrene red BN (single strength)..
Caledon red BN paste
Duranthrene red BN paste
Helindone red BIDN paste
Indanthrene red BN pdr
Indanthrene red BN extra paste
Indanthrene red BN extra pdr
Indanthrene red RK paste
Indanthrene red R K paste fine
Indanthrene red RKP pdr
Indanthrene violet RN (single strength)
Helindone violet IBN extra paste
Indanthrene violet BN paste..
Indanthrene violet BN extra paste
Indanthrene violet BN paste fine
Indanthrene violet BN pdr
833 Algol olive R (single strength)
Algol olive R paste
Algol olive R pdr
Vat olive R paste
834 : Algol gray (single strength) ^..
Algol gray 2B paste
Vat grav K pdr
836 I Helindone brown 3GN paste
1760— 24t 7
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By..
By..
BD.
BD.
By..
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
a.
Scot.
BD.
M...
B...
B...
B...
B...
B_...
B....
By.
By.
By.
Bv.
By.
M.
Pounds
792
793
$381
3,517
1,070
1,636
25,228
12,809
15, 381
5,591
4,634
12, 763
4,496
3,989
4,222
160
13,306
1,777
13, 361
7,180
1,317
"l6,~825~ I6,~590
20, 435 26, 381
1,050
1,557
583
90 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1928 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
837
838
841
842
844
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
858
s59
861
B.
Indanthrene blue R powder
Indanthrene blue RS (single strength) _
Indanthrene blue RS paste
Indanthrene blue RS pdr _.
Indanthrene blue RS triple pdr
Indanthrene blue RSP dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue RSP triple pdr
Indanthrene blue 3Q (single strength).
Indanthrene blue 3G paste
Indanthrene blue 3G pdr
Indanthrene blue 30 dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue 3G paste fine
Indanthrene blue GGS (single strength)
Indanthrene blue GGSP dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue GGSNP quintuple pdr
Indanthrene blue GCD (single strength)
Helindone blue IGCD dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue GCD paste
Indanthrene blue GCD dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue GCD dbl. paste fine. ,
Indanthrene blue GCD pdr
Algol blue 3G (single strength)
Algol blue 3G paste I By.
By.
B..
B_.
By.
Algol blue 3G pdr.
Indanthrene blue 5G paste
Indanthrene blue 5G pdr
Algol green B paste
Indanthrene gray (single strength)
Indanthrene gray B dbl. paste
Indanthrene yellow (single strength)
Helindone yellow IG dbl. paste
Helindone yellow DIG dbl. paste
Indanthrene yellow G paste
Indanthrene yellow G dbl. paste
Indanthrene yellow G pdr
Indanthrene yellow G P pdr
Indanthrene blue WB powder
Alizarin direct blue B
Alizarin irisol D, R
Alizarin blue JR pdr
Alizarin direct violet R pdr
Alizarin irisol R pdr
Anthraquinone violet powder
Anthraquinone violet
Anthraquinone violet, standard strength.
Anthraquinone violet pdr
Alizarin viridine
Alizarin viridine FF paste
Alizarin pure blue
Alizarin pure blue B pdr
Alizarin sky blue B pdr
Alizarin sky blue B 65 per cent pdr.
Alizarin astrol
Alizarin astrol B
Alizarin astrol B pdr..
Alizarin blue AS pdr
Alizarin sapbirol B. '
Alizarin blue SAP pdr
Alizarin light blue B
Alizarin light blue B cone
Alizarin saphirol B pdr..
Alizarin saphirol SE pdr
Alizarin saphirol SAK pdr
Alizarin saphirol WSA pdr
Alizarin saphirol SAWSA pdr
Helio fast blue BL pdr -.
Helio fast blue SL cone
Cyananthrol R ,
Alizarin direct blue RXO
Cyananthrol R
Cyananthrol RXO
C yananthrol G
Alizarin direct blue BGAOO
Cyananthrol BGA
Cyananthrol BGAO
Cyananthrol BGAOO
Anthraquinone blue SR
Anthraquinone blue SR extra pdr
By.
M..
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
S...
S...
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
Pounds
176
38,235
$15, 270
31, 748
19,644
2,200
70, 546
42, 166
5,516
4,032
201
50
87, 946
28, 551
2,434
240
2,987
7,298
1,610
2,611
17,217
9.132
21, 710
11,224
26, 615
58, 162
2,941
14, 652
4,618
10, 044
1,250
DYES IMPOETED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 91
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Name of dye
Alizarin blue black
Alizarin blue black B pdr
Alizarin blue black B pdr
Alirarin blue black 3B pdr
Alizarin blue black 3B pdr
Alizarin blue black BT pdr
Anthraquinone blue green
Anthraquinone blue green BXO pdr..
Anthraquinone green GX
Anthraquinone green GXNO pdr
Alizarin direct green G
Alizarin brilliant green G
Alizarin cyanine green G extra pdr
Alizarin cyanine green 3G pdr
Alizarin cyanine green E pdr
Alizarin cyanine green EF pdr..
Alizarin direct green G pdr
Indanthrene brown (single strength)
Duranthrene brown B paste
Anthra brown B dbl. paste
Indanthrene brown B dbl. paste
Cibanone brown (single strength)
Cibanone brown B pdr
Algol brown B (single strength)
Algol brown R paste
Algol brown R pdr
Indanthrene brown R paste
Indanthrene brown R pdr
Algol corinth R (single strength)
Algol corinth R pdr
Indanthrene corinth RK paste...
Indanthrene corinth RK pdr
Helindone brown AN (single strength)
Helindone brown AN paste
Indanthrene brown GR paste
Indanthrene brown GR pdr
Indanthrene red brown R extra paste .
Indanthrene red brown R pdr
Indigo, white
Indigosol DH
Indigo RB (single strength)
Helindone blue BB paste
Indigo MLB/2B pdr
Indigo RB dbl. paste
Ciba blue 2BD paste
Ciba blue G (single strength)
Indigo MLB/5B pdr..
Indigo KG (single strength)
Durindone blue 6B pdr
Indigo MLB/6B pdr
Brilliant indigo BD (single strength)
Brilliant indigo B paste
Brilliant indigo B paste
Brilliant indigo G paste
Brilliant indigo 4G (single strength)
Brilliant indigo 4G paste
Brilliant indigo 4G pdr
Brilliant indigo BASF/4G paste
Ciba yellow G paste 10 per cent-
Helindone green G (single strength)
Helindone green G paste
Helindone green G pdr
Alizarin indigo G paste 10 per cent.
Alizarin indigo G paste
Alizarin indigo G pdr
Alizarin indigo B paste
Alizarin indigo green B paste
Alizarin indigo 3R paste
Helindone blue 3GN (single strength)
Helindone blue 3GN pdr..
Ciba heliotrope B paste
Ciba gray paste
Ciba gray G paste 20 per cent
Manu-
fac-
turer
By.
M..
By.
M..
B..
C.
By.
By.
Bv.
I...
M..
BD.
B...
B...
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
DH.
M.
.BD.
M...
B..
By.
B..
By.
By.
By.
By.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
70, 917
179
""i.'oso"
"i6,~24T
2,007
~55,"681
836
110
6,417
11
4,855
14,835
2,565
2,917
2,204
2,202
17, 289
1,362
7,360
110
882
Invoice
value
$49, 153
28, 764
2,541
54,242
1,444
348
2,794
92 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
Sehultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
fac-
turer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
901
902
906
907
908
910
911
912
913
915
917
918
919
920
921
923
Ciba violet B (single strength)
Ciba violet B paste 10 per cent...
Ciba violet B paste 20 per cent.
Ciba violet B pdr
Ciba violet R paste 20 per cent
Ciba violet R pdr
Helindone brown 2R (single strength)
Helindone brown 2R paste
Thioindigo brown R pdr
Helindone brown G (single strength) .
Helindone brown Q paste
Thioindigo brown G pdr
Ciba red G paste
Ciba scarlet (single strength)
Ciba scarlet G extra paste
Ciba scarlet G pdr
Helindone fast scarlet C paste
Thioindigo scarlet 2G paste
Thioindigo scarlet 2G pdr
Ciba red R paste 20 per cent. _
Helindone pink (single strength)
Helindone pink AN paste
Helindone pink Bn paste
Thioindigo pink AN paste
Thioindigo pink BN extra paste .
Ciba orange G paste 10 per cent
Thioindigo red B (single strength)
Ciba pink B paste.
Ciba pink BG paste
Ciba pink BG pdr
Durindone red B paste
Helindone orange R (single strength)
Helindone orange R paste 10 per cent
Helindone orange R pdr
Thioindigo orange R pdr
Thioindigo orange RY paste 20 per cent
Thioindigo yellow 3GN paste 20 per cent
Helindone fast scarlet R (single strength)
Helindone fast scarlet R paste
Helindone fast scarlet R pdr
Helindone red B paste
Helindone red 3B (single strength)
Durindone red 3B paste
Helindone red 3B paste 20 per cent
Helindone red 3B pdr.
Thioindigo red 3B paste
Thioindigo red 3B pdr
Vat red violet RH paste 20 per cent
Vat red violet RH pdr
Ciba bordeaux B (single strength)
Ciba bordeaux B paste 10 per cent
Ciba bordeaux B pdr..
Helindone violet (single strength)
Helindone violet R pdr
Helindone gray BB (single strength)..
Vat gray 6B paste .'
Vat gray 6B pdr
Ursol
Fur black DB, DG
Fur blue black A, SA
Fur blue gray
Fur brown NZ, NZD, P, PR, PY, 2R, 4R, SK, SKG,
SP, SO.
Fur gray AL, ALA, B, G, R
Fur gray brown SLA
Fur olive DA, 3G
Fur red brown 6R
Fur yellow 2G, 4G
Fur yellow brown A, 4GL
Fur dye DF, 2G, SB, SC
Nako DR, 3GA, PS, RH
Nako black DD, D2B, O
Nako yellow SEL
Ursol D lumps
Ursol SG
I....
I....
I....
BD.
BD.
M...
M„.
K...
K...
B...
B...
M.
Pounds
64, 517
1,570
(745)
(825)
1,741
(661)
(1, 080)
551
37, 524
(22, 145)
(7, 678)
(7,701)
7,388
10, 378
} (8, 666)
(1, 712)
330
22, 571
(16, 791)
(5, 780)
50
21, 916
35, 714
2,255
14, 071
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 93
Table 16. — Byes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES
Name of dye
Acid black SR._
Acid milling red R cone.
Acid milling yellow G cone
Acid pure blue R supra
Acid rhodamine
Acid rhodamine BG
Acid rhodamine G.
Acid rhodamine 3R
Acid rhodamine R
Acid rhodamine RG
Acid red violet
Acid silver gray
Acid violet 7B purple
Alizarin direct violet ER pdr
Alizarin emeraldole G pdr
Alizarin emeraldole green G.
Alizarin rubinol-
Alizarin rubinol 3G pdr
Alizarin rubinol 5G pdr
Alizarin rubinol GW pdr.
Alizarin rubinol R pdr
Alizarin uranole
Alizarin uranole 2B
Alizarin uranole R -
Alphanol brown
Alphanol brown B..
Alphanol brown R._
Anthosine
Onis (Anthosine) 3B
Onis (Anthosine) 5B
Anthracyanine brown GL
Anthrarubine B pdr
Azo blue B cone
Azo orseille BB
Azo rhodine 2G cone., 2GN cone
Azo wool violet 7R.
Brilliant milling blue B
Brilliant milling red R
Brilliant naphthol blue R
Brilliant pure yellow 6G extra
Cashmere black TN
Cloth fast black
Cloth fast black BN....
Cloth fast black 2BN.
Cloth fast black 4BN
Cloth fast red GR cone
Eosine BG
Erio blue AB
Erio fast cyanine.
Erio fast cyanine S .
Erio fast cyanine S cone
Erio fast cyanine SE
Erio fast violet
Erio fast violet BMS cone
Erio fast violet RMS cone
Erythrosine TB pdr
Fast acid blue A pdr._
Fast acid green 8B pdr
Fast acid marine blue
Fast acid marine blue HBBX.
Fast acid marine blue HBTA.
Fast acid red RH
Fast light red BL
Fast sulphon green 2G cone
Guinea brown
Guinea brown GL...
Guinea brown 2GL
Guinea brown R
Guinea brown RD_.
Guinea brown 2R
Guinea brown 2RD
Guinea fast red
Guinea fast red BL
Guinea fast red 2BL
Guinea fast red 2R..
Guinea rubine 4R
Manu-
facturer
Q--
B_.
Bv.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
B..
B_.
By.
K..
S...
C._
s...
c._
c_.
c.
c.
Bv.
By.
I
I
I
I
GrE.
G.._.
G...
G....
DH.
GrE.
GrE.
B...
B...
BD.
By-
Imports
Quan-
tity
Pounds
220
110
2,202
5,201
3,568
11
22
22
355
126
30
48,826
550
965
105
110
201
202
700
1,000
8,540
1,100
220
396
55
330
661
100
7,804
2,315
275
55
4,480
1,792
800
500
110
250
8,325
Invoice
value
$4, 478
110,212
7,574
503
5,931
188
7,129
94
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quan-
tity
Havana brown
Havana brown 5G
Havana brown S
Ink blue
Ink blue BITN
Ink blue BJTNO...
Ink blue BJTBNOO
Kiton fast green A cone
Kiton fast red 4BL.
Kiton pure blue AFL
Kiton yellow O
Milling brown
Milling brown 3G
Milling brown R
Naphthalene blue black
Neolan black 2G
Neolan blue
Neolan blue B
Neolan blue 2G__
Neolan green B
Neolan gray B new
Neolan navy blue
Neolan navy blue 2G
Neolan navy blue R
Neolan pink
Neolan pink B
Neolan pink G
Neolan red R
Oxamine acid brown
Minaxo acid brown G
Oxamine acid brown G.._
Palatine light yellow
Palatine light yellow RX.
Pilatus light yellow RX..
Polar maroon VC
Polar orange R cone
Polar red
Polar red 3B cone
Polar red G cone
Polar red R cone
Polar red RS cone
Polar yellow.
Polar yellow 2G cone
Polar yellow 5G cone
Radio brown B
Radio red G
Radio yellow R
Scarlet 2R
Silk blue BIC
Special blue G
Sulphon acid brown 2R
Sulphon orange G
Sulphon yellow 5G cone
Supramine black BR
Supramine brown R
Supramine red
Supramine red B
Supramine red 2G
Spruce red B _
Supramine yellow
Supramine yellow G
Supramine yellow R
Spruce yellow R
Wool black N for printing
Wool fast blue
Wool fast blue BL
Wool fast blue BL
Wool fast blue GL
Wool fast orange G..
Wool fast red BL
Wool fast yellow 3G
Wool printing black CUI
Wool red G
Wool violet RC.
Xylene fast blue AE cone
Xylene milling red B cone
GrE.
GrE.
GrE.
I
I
I
I
G._
C.
C.
c.
8—
A..
B__
By.
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
B..
By.
By.
B_.
I...
B..
By.
By.
B_.
By.
B..
I...
B..
G..
S...
Pounds
40
992
2,454
441
331
235
45
110
991
220
110
66
661
110
2,700
3,961
2, 205
6,908
15, 031
13, 453
200
100
20
500
500
125
33
20
11
1, 030
656
745
1,106
441
2,154
50
134
660
441
50
55
110
110
DYES IMPORTED FOE CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 95
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 192S — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quan-
tity
Invoice
value
Algol brilliant pink (single strength)
Algol brilliant pink FB paste
Algol brilliant pink FF paste
Vat brilliant pink FF paste
Algol brilliant red B (single strength)
IJIAlgol brilliant red B pdr .
Algol brown G (single strength)
Algol brown G paste
Algol brown G pdr
Vat brown G paste . _ .
Vat brown G pdr...
Alizarin indigo brown R paste.
Alizarin indigo 5R paste
C iba printing black 20 per cent paste
Ciba printing black B
Ciba printing black G
Cibanone brown R paste
Grelanone yellow G paste..
Helindone black
Helindone black paste
Helindone black T
Helindone bordeaux B extra paste
Helindone brown JG paste
Helindone fast scarlet
Helindone fast scarlet G paste ^.
Helindone fast scarlet G G paste
Helindone golden orange DJG (single strength).
Helindone golden orange DJG paste
Helindone golden orange DJG pdr _.
Helindone pink
Helindone pink B extra paste
Helindone pink R extra paste.
Helindone pink RN extra paste
Helindone violet 2R paste
Helindone yellow
Helindone yellow AGO paste.
Helindone yellow DAGG paste
Hydron bordeaux (single paste;
Hydron bordeaux B dbl. paste
Hydron bordeaux R dbl. paste
Hydron brown (single strength)
Hydron brown CG._. _
Hydron brown G paste
Hydron brown OG pdr
Hydron brown R paste
Hydron dark blue (single strength)
Hydron dark blue G paste
Hydron dark blue G pdr
Hydron dark blue OG paste
Hydron dark blue GG pdr
Hydron green
Hydron green B paste
Hydron green G paste
Hydron navy blue (single strength).
Hydron navy blue C paste
Hydron navy blue C pdr
Hydron navy blue G paste
Hydron olive
Hydron olive GN paste
Hydron olive R paste
Hydron orange
Hydron orange FB paste
Hydron orange R paste
Hydron orange RE paste
Hydron pink (single strength)
Hydron pink FB paste
Hydron pink FF paste _
Hydron pink FF pdr
Hydron scarlet (single strength)
Hydron scarlet 2B paste
Hydron scarlet 2B pdr. ._
Hydron scarlet 3B paste
Hydron violet (single strength)
Hydron violet B paste
Hydron violet R paste. _
Hydron violet R pdr
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
I... .
I
I....
GrE.
Pounds
3,452
936
10
399
220
560
52S
220
300
992
881
~47~77i
209
150
1,208
4,"065
SO
3,521
$3, 995
16, 556
44, 643
3,439
32
3,916
55, 428 62, 364
17,354 19,012
"i,"232 1 I,"l38
96
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quan-
tity
Hydron wool brown D, G..
Hydron wool olive B
Hydron wool red BB
Hydron wool yellow G
Hydron yellow NF paste ..-
Indanthrene blue BCD (single strength)
Indanthrene blue BCD dbl. paste fine
Indanthrene blue BCS (single strength)
K Indanthrene blue BCS pdr
Indanthrene blue RC (single strength)
Indanthrene blue RC paste
Indanthrene blue RC pdr
Indanthrene blue RO paste
Indanthrene blue RZ (single strength)
Indanthrene blue RZ dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue RZ pdr.
Indanthrene blue REZ pdr..
Indanthrene blue 3GT paste
Indanthrene brilliant red 2B paste
Indanthrene brown 3R paste
Indanthrene golden orange 3R (single strength).
Helindone golden orange I3R paste
Indanthrene golden orange 3R paste
Indanthrene orange 3R paste.
Indanthrene gray 3B (single strength)
Indanthrene gray 3B dbl. paste
Indanthrene pink (single strength)
Anthra pink B extra paste
Anthra pink R extra paste
Indanthrene pink B dbl. paste
Indanthrene red violet (single strength)
Indanthrene red violet RRN paste
Vat red violet RRK paste..
Vat red violet RRK paste fine
Thioindigo pink RN_.
Thioindigo pink RN paste
Thioindigo pink RN extra paste
Thioindigo rose RN extra paste...
Thioindigo violet 2R (single strength)..
Thioindigo violet 2R paste
Thioindigo violet 2R pdr
Vat orange R paste
Vat violet BR paste.
Vat yellow 3RT (single strength)
Vat yellow 3RT pdr
B..
B..
B..
By.
By.
Q--
K...
K...
GrE.
GrE.
B.
Pounds
10
5
5
5
700
800
12,240
"§,"336
5,430
10
1,001
716
1,974
200
"l3,"348'
3,682
6,487
4,280
336
112
6
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Acid alizarin gray G
Acid chrome blue
Acid chrome blue BH
Acid chrome blue 2R__
Alizarin bordeaux 2G paste
Alizarin cyclamine R paste
Alizarin fast black SP paste
Alizarin fast gray 2BL pdr
Alizarin geranole B pdr..
Alizarin light green EF pdr.
Alliance fast brown 5G
Anthracene chromate brown EB.
Anthracene chrome blue R
Brilliant chrome blue
Brilliant chrome blue 2B
Brilliant chrome blue S
Chromanol black RVI
Chromanol blue NR pdr..
Chrome azurine
Chrome azurine G.
Chrome azurine P
Chrome fast cyanine GN
Chrome fast green B
Chrome fast phosphine R
M.
By...
By...
By...
By...
By...
By...
By..
GrE.
BD.
C...
C...
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
I....
S....
DH.
13, 526
12
155
797
418
5,257
991
2,240
25
8,420
50
440
110
881
396
110
220
55
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 97
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES— Continued
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Name of dye
Quan-
tity
Invoice
value
Pounds
200
Chrome fast printing red BD paste..'.
By
By
Chrome printing azurine G pdr .
I
I
I
I
5
5
5
5
10
Chrome printing bordeaux B pdr
Chrome printing green B pdr
I
Chrome printing orange 2R pdr.
I
555
$1, 267
DH
Chrome printing red B pdr
I
DH
DH...
I
661
340
Chrome violet
1,053
Chrome violet CBD.
DH...
Chrome violet C3BD
DH
M ..
DH
no
2,917
Chromorhodine...
9,256
Chromorhodine BN pdr
DH
Chromorhodine BR pdr
DH
Chromorhodine 6GN extra pdr...
DH
Chromoxane brilliant blue G
By
By.
GrE....
G
G.
G.
2, 505
99
100
220
110
10, 713
771
3,012
Chromoxane violet R
Cloth yellow R pdr
Eiiochrome black DF cone
Eriochrome brilliant green G supra
Eriochrome flavine A cone
Eriochrome green
G.„
G...
Eriochrome red
G
I
I
A
A
A
A
A
3,085
881
1,102
5
7,000
5
5
5
2,505
Lanaso) blue B
Lanasol brown 2R
Metachrome black AG
Metachrome blue black 2BX
Metachrome brilliant blue BL
Metachrome brown 6G
Metachrome green 3G
Metachrome olive
1,404
Metachrome olive B
A .
Metachrome olive D
A
Metachrome olive 2G
A...
Metachrome olive brown..
5,800
Metachrome olive brown G
Bro
Metachrome olive brown G
A
Metachrome violet
470
Metachrome violet B
A .
Metachrome violet 2R
A
Modern green N pdr
DH
DH
DH
By
I
I
I
I
DH
220
220
165
500
no
110
110
110
55
11,511
Modern gray RCN...
Modern olive IN pdr
Monochrome brown EF
Naphthochrome blue BN
Naphthochrome cyanine R
Naphthochrome green G
Naphthochrome violet 4B
Nitrosine pdr
Omega chrome brown
Omega chrome brown G cone
s
Omega chrome brown PB cone
S
Oxychrome blue black BG pdr
GrE....
I.
S
S
1,344
Printing violet BD paste
132 '
Ultra brown R
55
Ultra cyanol B cone
600
98
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION"
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quan-
tity
Benzo bordeaux 6B___
Benzo chrome blue black B
Benzo chrome brown.
Benzo chrome brown B
Benzo chrome brown 5G
Benzo chrome brown R
Benzo copper blue 2B
Benzo dark brown extra
Benzo fast black
Benzo fast black
Benzo fast black L
Benzo fast black NL
Benzo fast blue FFL__
Benzo fast bordeaux
Benzo fast bordeaux 6BL
Benzo light bordeaux 6BL..
Benzo fast brown
Benzo fast brown 3GL
Benzo fast brown RL
Benzo light brown 3GL
Benzo fast eosine BL
Benzo fast gray BL
Benzo fast gray BL
Benzo light gray BL
Benzo fast heliotrope
Benzo fast heliotrope BL
Benzo fast heliotrope 4BL
Benzo fast heliotrope 5RH
Benzo fast orange_._
Benzo fast orange 2R
Benzo fast orange 2RL
Benzo light orange 2RL
Benzo fast orange S
Benzo fast rubine
Benzo fast rubine BL..
Benzo light rubine BL
Benzo fast scarlet 5BL, 2GL
Benzo fast violet BL
Benzo red 12B
Benzo rhoduline red..
Benzo rhoduline red B
Benzo rhoduline red 3B._
Benzo scarlet BC
Brilliant benzo fast violet 2RL
Brilliant benzo fast yellow GL
Brilliant benzo green B
Brilliant benzo violet B, 2BH, 2BR..
Brilliant congo blue 5R
Brilliant congo violet R
Brilliant cotton blue R cone
Brilliant fast blue B, 2G
Brilliant sky blue
Brilliant sky blue 8G extra
Brilliant sky blue 2RM
Brilliant sky blue 2RN
Carbazol yellow W pdr
Chicago red 111
Chloramine brown 2R cone
Chloramine light blue BS
Chloramine light violet R cone
Chloramine sky blue RF cone
Chloramine violet FFB
Chlorantine black Y
Chlorantine brown Y
Chlorantine fast brown
Chlorantine fast brown 3GL
Chlorantine fast brown 3GL conc.
Chlorantine fast brown RL
Chlorantine fast gray B
Chlorantine fast orange TRL
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL
Chlorantine fast yellow 4GL
Chlorazol fast black
Chlorazol fast black N...
Chlorazol fast black No. 1
Chlorazol fast brown RK
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
Q--
By.
Q--
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
Bv.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
A..
A..
K..
By.
Bv.
By.
By.
B__
G..
S...
S.._
s...
s...
Q--
BD.
BD.
BD.
Pounds
220
110
327
110
551
4,539
220
2, 202
5,903
153
2,854
3,289
1,537
1,421
132
22
564
3,722
1,862
110
218
11
10
3,179
5
5
200
176
8,458
11
1, 550
500
200
200
55
100
4,409
2,205
13, 558
991
8,708
1,102
2,205
325
1,100
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 99
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Name of dye
Quan-
tity
Invoice
value
BD
Pounds
2,000
700
A
A
DH
B.
220
130
1,600
$1, 190
A
A
A
C
c
c.
52
2,508
3,000
6,643
6,326
c
c
I
3,808
5,696
c
c
c
A
4,066
5,117
C
C
2,789
2,772
c
c
c
c
c
2,268
c
c
17, 793
15, 443
c.
Diamine fast orange ER .
Diamine fast orange R -.
c
c
.
800
1,128
Diamine fast pink B.
c
c.
c
c
270
155
c
c
663
c
c
Diamine fast yellow 4G
c
c
50
518
425
c
c
2,261
2,172
c
c
c
210
M
M
Dianil fast gray RL
M
M
25
100
225
Dianil fast orange RR M
271
Dianil fast scarlet 8BS
M J
M
M
Dianil fast violet BL
M
M
CN
M
M
220
600
2,205
1,170
100
750
Dianil light red 8BL
Diazanil black V
M
100
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1923 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quan-
tity
Diazanil scarlet
Diazanil scarlet 3BA
Diazanil scarlet 4BA
Diazanil scarlet 6BA
Diazo blue NA
Diazo bordeaux 7B... .
Diazo brilliant blue 2BL „.
Diazo brilliant green..
Diazo brilliant green BL
Diazo brilliant green 3G
Diazo brilliant scarlet
Diazo brilliant scarlet B extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL extra.
Diazo brilliant scarlet 5BL extra.
Diazo brilliant scarlet 3B extra...
Diazo brilliant scarlet 3BA extra.
Diazo brilliant scarlet 6B extra...
Diazo brilliant scarlet O extra
Diazo brown
Diazo brown G
Diazo brown 3G
Diazo brown 3RB
Diazo brilliant orange OR, SG ...
Diazo dark blue 3B
Diazo fast blue
Diazo fast blue BR
Diazo fast blue 4RW
Diazo fast blue 6GW
Diazo fast bordeaux BL
Diazo fast green
Diazo fast green BL
Diazo fast green BL
Diazo fast red 5BL, 7BL
Diazo fast violet
Diazo fast violet BL
Diazo fast violet 3RL
Diazo fast yellow
Diazo fast yellow G.
Diazo fast yellow 2G
Diazo geranine B extra
Diazo indigo blue 4GL extra
Diazo light green 2RL...
Diazo olive G
Diazo pure blue.
Diazo sky blue B.
Diazo sky blue 3G
Diazo sky blue 3GL
Diazo rubine B
Diazo violet R
Diazo yellow R
Diazogene red B
Diazol pink NR
Diazophenyl black V
Diphenyl fast bordeaux G cone
Direct black RMW.
Direct brown 5G
East cotton blue
Fast cotton blue FF
Fast cotton blue FFG...
Fast cotton blue 4GL...
Fast cotton gray VL
Formal fast black G cone
Ionamine t
Ionamine B
Ionamine H
Naphthamine fast black KS
Naphthamine green AG extra..
Naphthamine light blue 4B
Naphthamine light brown 2G
Naphthamine light green G
Naphthamine light red R
Naphthamine light violet 2B__
Naphthamine pink 2B cone
Naphthogene blue B
M._
M..
M..
L_.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
•By.
By.
By.
By.
I...
I—
I...
By.
By.
A..
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
CJ.
P..
G..
G..
C.
I...
"♦■
BD.
BD.
K...
K...
K...
K._.
K...
K...
K...
K...
By..
Pounds
2,552
2,205
7
10
325
7,032
502
322
284
1,983
442
26
961
553
738
2,482
11
50
9,026
2,930
137
199
850
2,204
5,407
110
50
2,205
510
305
110
20
250
250 I
100 |
500
1,000
500
500
110
249
DYES IMPORTED FOE CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 101
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 1928 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quan-
tity
Invoice
value
Nitranil brown .
Nitranil brown B
Nitranil brown R
Nitranil brown S
Nitranil green B
'Oxamine black
Oxamine black BBN
Oxamine black BBNX
Oxamine fast blue
Oxamine fast blue 6B
Oxamine fast blue RR_.
Oxamine fast blue RRX
Oxamine fast pink BX.
Oxamine light red E8B
Oxvdiaminogene
Para blue 2BX__
Paranil black 2B t
Parasulphon brown
Parasulphon brown B
Parasulphon brown V
Pluto brown 2G
Plutoform black.
Plutoform BL__
Plutoform black 3GL
Pyrazol orange --
Pyrazol orange R cone
Pyrazol orange RR cone
Rosanthrene orange R cone
Rosanthrene pink
Toluylene fast brown 2R
Triazol light blue 4GL
Triazol pure blue 6B
Zambesi black
Zambesi black D
Zambesi black D 60 per cent.
Zambesi black V
Zambesi black V 77 per cent..
B._
B..
B..
B__
B..
C.
By.
A..
S...
S„_
By.
By.
By.
I
I:-..
By...
GrE.
GrE.
Pounds
330
110
130
200
50
10
5
1,200
209
50
400
1,604
661
11
280
2,240
13, 000
$2, 657
5,705
UNIDENTIFIED SULPHUR DYES
Cross dye green B
Eclipse brown BK
Immedial violet C
Katigene yellow brown GR extra.
Pyrogene brown DTB new
Pyrogene cutch brown 2R extra..
Pyrogene indigo blue
Pyrogene violet brown X
Sulphide (thiogene) violet V
Sulphur brilliant blue CLB
Thiogene new blue 2RL
Thional yellow GG
Thionol black XXN cone
Thionol brown
Thionol brown O
Thionol brown R
Thionol purple B cone
BD.
G...
C...
By..
I... .
I....
S....
I— .
M_.
A...
M..
S....
BD.
BD.
BD.
BD.
26,242
10,000
850
10
1,102
2,205
220
5,070
300
800
81
7,306
100
28,802
2,500
102
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 16. — Dyes imported into the United States, 192S — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED BASIC DYES
Name of dye
Acridine scarlet I
Brilliant acridine orange
Brilliant acridine orange 3R.
Brilliant acridine orange 5R.
Brilliant cresyl blue 2BS cone...
Brilliant rhodamine red B
Corvoline BT cone
Dahlia violet
Flavophosphine GO
Indoine A extra pure
Leather black TBO
Leather brown 5GX
Methylene blue 3G
New ethyl blue BS .
Phosphine brown L
Phosphine orange
Rhodamine 4G . _
Rhodamine 4GD
Rhodamine 4GD extra
Rhodamine 4GDN extra. . .
Rhoduline blue
Rhoduline blue GO
Rhoduline blue 3GO
Rhoduline sky blue 3G
Manu-
facturer
DH.
DH.
DH.
L...
By..
B...
Q—
M...
G...
C...
B...
B...
M...
G...
G...
By.
By.
By.
Imports
Quan-
tity
Pounds
77
770
110
24
100
11
765
110
50
5
105
11
110
110
552
UNIDENTIFIED SPIRIT-SOLUBLE AND COLOR-LAKE DYES
Alizarin green C (soluble in oil)
Azonine G, RR, S
Brilliant lake blue G extra
Hansa green G pdr
Hansa yellow 5G lumps
Helio bordeaux BL paste
Helio fast violet AL
Helio red RM, RMT pdr
Japan black
Japan black extra
Japan black MBG
Japan black MGB
Oil blue Z
Oil brown AN
Oil green ALB, ALG-
Paper fast bordeaux B
Pigment black extra pdr
Printing red.. .;.
Stone (lithol) fast orange R pdr
Stone (lithol) fast yellow
Stone fast yellow 2G extra pdr.
Stone fast yellow 5G lumps
Stone fast yellow GN lumps...
Stone fast yellow GR lumps...
Tero (typophor) black FB
Tero (typophor) brown FR
Tero (typophor) carmine FB
Tero (typophor) red FG
Tero (typophor) yellow FR
Yellow II
Zapon blue R
Zapon violet R
By.
C.
By.
M..
M_.
By.
By.
By.
B
B
B
K
K
K
By
B
A-S Co
B
198
30
127
25
300
2,455
31
769
779
10
10
20
3,015
100
110
2,610
650
12
25
205
38
5
5
UNIDENTIFIED, UNCLASSIFIED DYES
3,151
22
11
220
500
55
$3, 455 •
Q
M
P
SMS!..
DH
Red violet HR
2 The Sugar Manufacturers' Supply Co., Ltd., Great Britain.
DYES IMPOKTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 103
Index to table of imports
Name of dye
Aceto purpurine 8B
Acid alizarin black R
Acid alizarin black SE
Acid alizarin gray G...
Acd anthracene brown PO, R, RH.
Acid black SR.. -
Acid blue RBF..._ -
Acid chrome black STC
Acid chrome blue BH, 2R
Acid cyanine BF -
Acid fuebsine S
Acid green 2G
Acid magenta
Acid milling black, B —
Acid milling red R --.
Acid milling yellow G
Acid phosphine R
Acid ponceau E
Acid pure blue R
Acid red violet
Acid rhodamine BG -.
Acid rhodamine R, RG
Acid rhodamine 3R
Acid silver gray
Acid violet 3BNO
Acid violet 4BN
Acid violet 4BS
Acid violet 4BNS
Acid violet 6BNG
Acid violet 6BS
Acid violet 6BNOO (B)
Acid violet 6BNOO (By)
Acid violet 7BN
Acid violet 7B
Acid violet 7B purple ---
Acid violet 10B
Acid violet C 10B
Acid violet 4RNOO
Acid violet GENG...
Acridine golden yellow 2G
Acridine orange DHE, LP
Acridine red 3B —
Acridine scarlet J
Algol blue 3G_
Algol brilliant orange FR
Algol brilliant pink FB, FF
Algol brilliant red B
Algol brilliant-red 2B
Algol brilliant violet 2B
Algol brilliant violet R
Algol brown G
Algol brown R
Algol corinth R
Algol gray 2B
Algol green B
Algol olive R
Algol orange R._
Algol pink R
Algol red B
Algol red FF
Algol red 5G ._..
Algol red R
Algol yellow 3G -
Algol yellow R
Algol yellow WF _
Alizarin, synthetic -
Alizarin, SX
Alizarin SDG .1
Alizarin VI . .
Alizarin astrol B
Alizarin black S (M)
Alizarin black S, WX _-.
Alizarin blue AS ■.
Alizarin blue B.
Alizarin blue JR.
Alizarin blue S, SB ...
Alizarin blue SAP
Alizarin blue black B, BT, 3B
Alizarin bordeaux 2G .
Alizarin brilliant green G
Alizarin carmine
Alizarin cyanine GG
Schultz
No.
358
159
288
562
277
705
524
505
524
265
606
175
530
527
530
527
530
548
548
527
527
534
530
530
582
548
602
603
569
844
822
819
821
820
870
834
847
833
824
818
825
819
S16
819
811
817
814
778
784
785
778
856
807
774
856
803
852
804
858
862
865
780
799
81
79
80
90
78
93
84
8U
9d
86
S2
82
S2
SU
93
93
85
79
93
93
93
93
93
93
S3
82
83
b2
83
83
83
82
82
83
93
S3
83
S4
83
S4
84
84
102
90
89
95
95
i9
S9
89
95
91
91
89
90
89 I
89 '
89
89
89
89
89
88
89
89
88
88
88
88
90
88
88
90
88
90
88
90
91
Name of dye
Alizarin cyanine NS
Alizarin cyanine NSG
Alizarin cyanine green E, EF
Alizarin cyanine green G, 3G
Alizarin cyclamine R
Alizarin direct blue B
Alizarin direct blue BGAOO
Alizarin direct blue RXO
Alizarin direct green G
Alizarin direct violet R
Alizarin direct violet ER
Alizarin emeraldole G
Alizarin emeraldole green G
Alizarin fast black SP
Alizarin fast gray 2BL
Alizarin geranole B
Alizarin green C
Alizarin green S
Alizarin indigo G...
Alizarin indigo 3R
Alizarin indigo 5R
Alizarin indigo brown R
Alizarin indigo green B
Alizarin irisol R
Alizarin light blue B
Alizarin light green EF
Alizarin maroon
Alizarin orange, A, AO
Alizarin pure blue B
Alizarin red IB, DIB
Alizarin red IWS, S
Alizarin red SX
Alizarin red W
Alizarin red XGP, YCA
Alizarin rubinol 3G, 5G, GW, R_
Alizarin saphirol B i__ '. -
Alizarin saphirol SE, SAE
Alizarin saphirol WSA, SAWSA.
Alizarin sky blue B
Alizarin uranol 2B, R
Alizarin viridine FF
Alizarin yellow 2G, 5G, GD
Alizarin yellow R
Alkali blue 3R._
Alkali violet CA
Alkali violet 4BNOO
Alkali violet 6BOO
Alliance fast brown 5G
Alphanol brown B, R
Amaranth B
Aniline yellow
Anthosine 3B, 5B...
Anthra bordeaux R
Anthra claret R
Anthra pink B, R
Anthra rubine B
Anthra yellow G, GC
Anthracene acid black ST
Anthracene acid brown G
Anthracene blue WBU
Anthracene blue WO, WGU
Anthracene blue SWB, SWR
Anthracene blue SWGG
Anthracene brown R, RD
Anthracene chromate brown EB.
Anthracene chrome blue R
Anthracyanine S
Anthracyanine brown GL
Anthraflavone G, GC
Anthraquinone blue SR
Anthraquinone blue green BXO.
Anthraquinone green GXNO
Anthraquinone violet.
Anthrarubine B.
Auracine G
Auramine G
Auramine N, O
Aurine
Azo acid blue B
Azo blue B
Azo carmine BX, BXH
Azo carmine GX
Schultz
No
799
865
865
851
860
859
865
852
894
852
858
779
855
778
780
784
780
785
858
858
858
855
854
48
58
536
532
532
532
168
827
827
759
277
221
800
800
790
790
782
759
861
863
864
853
494
493
555
63
Page
673
672
104
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Index to table of imports — Continued
Name of dye
Azo chromine NR -
Azo coralline L_.
Azo cyanine OR...
Azo orseille BB
Azo rhodine 2G
Azo wool blue SE
Azo wool violet 7R
Azonine G, RR, S
Basic yellow T, TCN 1
Beaver reddish brown
Benzoazurine 3G
Benzo bordeaux 6B
Benzo brown D 3G
Benzo chrome black blue B...
Benzo chrome brown B, R...
Benzo chrome brown 5G
Benzo copper blue 2B
Benzo dark brown
Benzo fast black L, NL
Benzo fast blue FFL...
Benzo fast blue 2GL, 4GL
Benzo fast bordeaux 6BL
Benzo fast brown 3GL, RL
Benzo fast eosine BL
Benzo fast gray BL
Benzo fast heliotrope BL.
Benzo fast heliotrope 4BL, 5RH...
Benzo fast orange 2R, 2RL
Benzo fast orange S.
Benzo fast orange WS
Benzo fast pink 2BL
Benzo fast red 8BL
Benzo fast rubine BL
Benzo fast scarlet 5BS, 8BS, GS...
Benzo fast scarlet 2GL, 5BL
Benzo fast yellow RL
Benzo light blue 2GL, 4GL
Benzo light bordeaux 6BL
Benzo light brown 3GL
Benzo light gray BL
Benzo light orange 2RL.
Benzo light rubine BL
Benzo pure blue.
Benzo red 12B
Benzo rhoduline red B, 3B
Benzo scarlet BC
Benzo violet 0__
Benzopurpurine 10B
Bismark brown
Black extra
Black JD..
Blue 1900.
Brilliant acid blue A, F, FF
Brilliant acid blue EG.
Brilliant acid blue V
Brilliant acid green 6B
Brilliant acridine orange A..
Brilliant acridine orange 3R, 5R...
Brilliant alizarin blue R
Brilliant benzo blue 6B
Brilliant benzo fast violet 2RL
Brilliant benzo fast yellow GL
Brilliant benzo green B
Brilliant benzo violet B, 2BH, 2R.
Brilliant chrome blue P
Brilliant chrome blue 2B, S
Brilliant congo R
Brilliant congo blue 5R
Brilliant congo violet R
Brilliant cotton blue 6B
Brilliant cotton blue R
Brilliant delphine blue B...
Brilliant fast blue B, 2G
Brilliant geranine B
Brilliant glacier blue
Brilliant indigo B
Brilliant indigo G.
Brilliant indigo 4G
Brilliant lake blue G
Brilliant milling blue B
Brilliant milling green B
Brilliant milling red R j
Schultz
No.
84
65
256
618
"iii'
"485'
456
340
297
332
296
456
426
326
405
283
274
125
635
545
506
543
503
603
667
424
626
"370'
541
"622"
118
501
885
887
"563'
78
78
80
93
93
78
93
102
85
102
81
98
82
98
98
81
80
81
98
80
98
80
81
98
98
98
98
98
81
98
98
98
81
81
80
80
79
86
83
82
83
82
84
102
86
81
79
82
91
91
91
102
93
82
93
Name of dye
Schultz
No.
Brilliant naphthol blue R ,...
Brilliant pure yellow 6G...
Brilliant rhodamine red B.
Brilliant sky blue 8G, 2RM, 2RN.
Brilliant sulphon red B, 5B
Brilliant wool blue FFR, G
Brilliant yellow
Caledon red BN
Cannelle AL. ,
Capri blue GON
Carbazol yellow W
Carmine blue V.
Cashmere black TN...
Chicago red III
Chloramine blue BXR
Chloramine blue HW..
Chloramine brown 2R_._
Chloramine light blue BS
Chloramine light violet R
Chloramine orange G_.
Chloramine red 3B.
Chloramine red 8B, 8BS
Chloramine sky blue FF..
Chloramine sky blue RF
Chloramine violet FFB
Chloramine yellow GG
Chlorantine black Y
Chlorantine brown Y
Chlorantine fast brown 3G, L, RL.
Chlorantine fast gray B.
Chlorantine fast orange TRL
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL
Chlorantine fast yellow 4GL
Chlorazol fast black N
Chlorazol fast brown RK
Chlorazol violet R
Chromacetin blue S
Chromanil black BF, FF
Chromanol black RVI
Chromanol blue NR
Chromazone red new cone
Chromazurine G, P
Chromazurol S, SXT
Chrome bordeaux B
Chrome brown R, RVV
Chrome fast cyanine GN
Chrome fast green B
Chrome fast phosphine R
Chrome fast printing red BD, GD.
Chrome printing azurine G
Chrome printing bordeaux B
Chrome printing brown 5G.
Chrome printing green B
Chrome printing orange G, 2R
Chrome printing red B, RY, Y
Chrome printing violet N —
Chrome violet CBD, C 3BD
Chrome violet CG.
Chrome violet VM
Chromochlorine G
Chromocitronine R, 3R, V..
Chromocyanine B
Chromopurpurine JJ..
Chromorhodine BN, BR, 6GN....
Chromoxane brilliant blue G
Chromoxane violet R
Chrysamine K, KS
Chrysoidine RL...
Ciba blue 2BD..
Ciba bordeaux B
Ciba gray G
Ciba heliotrope B_
Ciba orange G...
Ciba pink B, BG
Ciba printing black B, G
Ciba red G
Ciba red R
Ciba rose BG
Ciba scarlet G
Ciba violet B. R._
Ciba yellow G
Cibanone black B, 2G
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 105
Index to table of imports — Continued
Name of dye
Cibanone brown B
Cibanone brown R
Cibanone orange R
Cibanone yellow R_.
Cloth fastblack BN.2BN, 4BN.
Cloth fast blue R... -
Cloth fast red GR -
Cloth yellow R.
Coerulein S -
Columbia blue G
Columbia blue R... ---
Congo orange R
Congo rubine -
Corioflavine GOOO
Coriphosphine OX -
Cornflower blue B ... --
Corvoline BT
Cotton blue No. 2 - -
Cotton blue R
Cotton blue BB
Cotton pink B, BN -
Cotton pink GN
Cotton pink RN -
Cotton yellow, GI, GX.
Cross dye green B
Crystal violet, O, 5BO
Cyananthrol BGA, BGAO,
BGAOO -
Cyananthrol R, RXO
Cyanin B.. --
Cyanol extra. -
Cyanol extra A. ---
Cyanol FF -
Cyanol fast green G.
Dahlia violet
Danubiablue BBX
Delta purpurine 5B --
Developing blue B, 2R, 4R
Diamine azo fast green G
Diamine brillant bordeaux R
Diamine brillant scarlet S
Diamine brillant violet B —
Diamine brown B
Diamine bronze G
Diamine catechine B, G
Diamine catechine GR
Diamine fast blue FFB, FFG, F 3G
Diamine fast Bordeaux, 6BS
Diamine fast brown G, 3G- -
Diamine fast brown GB, G2B
Diamine fast brown R
Diamine fast gray BN, NBN
Diamine fast orange EG, R, ER
Diamine fast pink B, C, G
Diamine fast red 8BL
Diamine fast red violet FR
Diamine fast scarlet 6BS, GS
Diamine fast violet FFBN, FFRN.
Diamine fast yellow AGG
Diamine fast yellow 3G —
Diamine fast yellow 4G
Diamine nitrazol green GF
Diamine orange B
Diamine orange F, G
Diamine rose GD
Diamine scarlet B, 3B
Diaminogene extra
Diaminogene black extra ..
Diaminogene blue NA, NBB
Diaminogene sky blue N, 3B
Diamond green B
Diamond magenta
Dianil chrome brown G
Dianil fast blue GL, RL
Dianil fast gray RL
Dianil fast orange RR
Dianil fast scarlet 8BS, 4BSN, GS..
Dianil fast violet BL
Dianil light red 8BL.
Dianil yellow 3G
1760— 24f 8
Schultz
No.
792
795
601
387
325
373
313
609
606
558
539
649
650
121
122
296
516
860
859
544
546
546
546
566
653
366
319
349
448
343
617
296
339
119
319
274
274
273
276
512
476
25
93
80
93
97
84
81
81
81
80
85
85
83
102
83
79
79
99
80
101
82
90
90
83
83
83
83
84
102
99
81
99
99
99
8.i
80
99
99
81
99
79
SO
811
811
81)
99
811
82
82
99
99
99
99
99
99
Name of dye
Diazamine black N extra
Diazamine blue BR, NA, RR
Diazanil black V
Diazanil blue 2R
Diazanil pink B
Diazanil scarlet 3BA, 4BA, 6BA
Diazo black OT
Diazo blue NA
Diazo Bordeaux 7B
Diazo brillant black B
Diazo brillant blue 2BL
Diazo brillant green BL, 3G
Diazo brillant orange GR, 5G
Diazo brillant scarlet B
Diazo brilliant scarlet G...
Diazo brilliant scarlet 6B
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL, 3BA,
5BL.
Diazo brown 3G, 3RB
Diazo dark blue 3B
Diazo fast blue BR, 4RW, 6GW....
Diazo fast Bordeaux BL
Diazo fast green BL
Diazo fast red 5BL, 7BL
Diazo fast violet BL, 3RL
Diazo fast yellow G, 2G
Diazo geranine B
Diazo indigo blue BR, 2RL
Diazo indigo blue 4GL
Diazo light green 2RL
Diazo olive G
Diazo rubine B
Diazo sky blue B, 3G, 3GL__
Diazo violet R_.
Diazo yellow R .
Diazogene red B
Diazol pink NR
Diazophenyl black V.'
Diphene blue B
Diphenyl brown BBNC, GS
Diphenyl brown TB
Diphenyl catechine G
Diphenyl chlorine yellow FF supra.
Diphenyl chrysoine GC
Diphenyl fast Bordeaux G
Diphenyl fast brown GNC
Direct black RMW
Direct brilliant blue 8B...
Direct brown 5G
Direct fast orange K
Direct fast scarlet SE
Direct gray R..
Direct yellow S
Duranthrene brilliant violet R
Duranthrene red BN
Duranthrene brown B
Duranthrene golden orange Y
Durindone blue 6B
Durindone red B
Durindone red 3B
Eclipse brown BK
Eosamine B
Eosine A
Eosine BG
Erica B
Erica 2GN
Erio blue AB_
Eriochrome black B—
Eriochrome black DF...
Eriochrome blue black G
Eriochrome brilliant green G
Eriochrome cyanine RC
Eriochrome flavine A cone
Eriochrome green L, O
Eriochrome red
Eriochrome verdon S
Eriocyanine A, AC
Erio fast cyanine S, SE
Erio fast fuchsine BL
Erio fast violet BMS, RMS
Schultz
No.
308
Page
364
274
695
348
449
206
617
14
541
392
279
354
615
820
831
867
760
883
912
918
100
587
121
117
184
180
260
531
106
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Index to table of imports — Continued
Name of dye
Erioglaucine A, AB, AP, EP._..
Erio green BB supra
Erio viridine B
Ervthrosine TB
Ethyl violet, 6B
Euchrysine GRNTN
Euchrysine RRX, RRDX
Excelsior brown
Fast acid blue A
Fast acid blue B
Fast acid blue R
Fast acid green 8B
Fast acid marine blue HBBX-..
Fast acid marine blue HBTA
Fast acid red RH
Fast acid violet B, R
Fast acid violet 10B
Fast blue R
Fast bordeaux B
Fast cotton blue FF, FFG, 4GL.
Fast cotton gray VL
Fast green bluish.
Fast green extra bluish
Fast light red BL
Fast light yellow, 2G
Fast light yellow 3G, R
Fast mordant yellow G
Fast red AV, AVX
Fast sulphon green 2G
Fast sulphon violet 5BS
Flavophosphine G
Flavophosphine GO
Formal fast black G
Formyl violet S4B
Fur black DB, DG
Fur blue black A, SA
Fur blue gray
Fur brown NZ, NZD _;
Fur brown P, PR, PY
Fur brown 2R, 4R paste
Fur brown SK, SKG, SP, SO...
Fur gray AL, ALa
Fur gray, B, G, R
Fur gray brown SLA
Fur olive DA, 3G
Fur red brown 6R
Fur yellow 2G, 4G
Fur yellow brown A, 4GL
Fur dye DF, 2G, SB, SC
Gallamine blue
Gallazine A
Gallazine #90
Gallocyanine
Gallophenine P, VS
Gallo violet DF
Geranine G
Glaucol FF _
Grelanone yellow G
Guinea brown GL, 2GL_
Guinea brown RG, 2R, 3RD....
Guinea fast green B
Guinea fast red BL, 2BL
Guinea fast red 2R
Guinea rubine 4R
Hansa green G
Hansa yellow G
Hansa yellow 5G
Havana brown 5G, S
Helindone black IBB
Helindone black T ...
Helindone blue BB
Helindone blue IGCD
Helindone blue 3GN
Helindone blue green IB
Helindone bordeaux B
Helindone brown AN
Helindone brown G
Helindone brown 3GN
Helindone brown JG
Helindone brown 2R
Helindone dark blue IBOA
Helindone fast scarlet C
Schultz
No.
506
564
503
518
608
608
283
562
584
580
528
699
236
523
523
19
19
294
161
182
609
530
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
637
645
645
626
658
635
118
546
503
28
7(15
842
896
7(15
S73
(1(11
S3(i
902
763
907
82
84
82
93
82
85
85
80
93
84
84
93
93
93
93
84
82
86
80
100
100
82
82
93
78
78
80
79
93
79
85
102
100
83
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
92
86
86
79
83
95
93
93
82
93
93
93
102
78
102
94
87
95
91
90
91
87
95
91
92
89
95
92
87
92
Name of dye
Helindone fast scarlet G, GG
Helindone fast scarlet R
Helindone golden orange DJG
Helindone golden orange IG
Helindone golden orange IRRT
Helindone golden orange I3R
Helindone gray BB
Helindone green G
Helindone orange R
Helindone pink AN, BN
Helindone pink B, R, RN
Helindone red B
Helindone red DIBN
Helindone red 3B
Helindone violet R
Helindone violet 2R
Helindone violet I2R, DI2R
Helindone violet IBN
Helindone yellow AG, DAGC
Helindone yellow IG, DIG
Helindone yellow 3GN
Helio bordeaux BL
Helio fast blue BL, SL
Helio fast violet AL
Helio red RM, RMT..__
Hydron blue G, R
Hydron bordeaux B, R
Hydron brown G, CG, OG, R
Hydron dark blue G, GG
Hydron green B, G
Hydron navy blue C, G
Hydron olive GN, R
Hydron orange FR, R, RE
Hydron pink FB, FF
Hydron scarlet 2B, 3B
Hydron violet B, R
Hydron wool brown D, G
Hydron wool olive B
Hydron wool red BB
Hydron wool yellow G__
Hydron yellow NF
Immedial direct blue B
Immedial green GG
Immedial indogene GCL
Immedial violet C
Indalizarin J
Indanthrene black BB
Indanthrene blue BCD
Indanthrene blue BCS
Indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GGSP
Indanthrene blue GGSNP
Indanthrene blue 3G
Indanthrene blue 5G
Indanthrene blue R
Indanthrene blue RC, RO
Indanthrene blue RS, RSP
Indanthrene blue WB
Indanthrene blue RZ, REZ
Indanthrene blue 3GT
Indanthrene blue green B
Indanthrene bordeaux B extra
Indanthrene brilliant red 2B
Indanthrene brilliant violet BBK.__
Indanthrene bordeaux B
Indanthrene brown B
Indanthrene brown GR
Indanthrene brown R
Indanthrene claret B
Indanthrene copper R
Indanthrene corinth RK
Indanthrene dark blue BO
Indanthrene golden orange G_
Indanthrene golden orange RET...
Indanthrene golden orange RRTS._
Indanthrene golden orange 3R
Indanthrene gray B._
Indanthrene gray 3B
Indanthrene orange RRK
Indanthrene orange 6RTK
Indanthrene pink B
Indanthrene red BN...
DYES IMPORTED FOE CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 107
Index to table of imports — Continued
Name of dye
Indanthrene red RK, RKP
Indanthrene red R
Indanthrene red brown R
Indanthrene red violet RRN
Indanthrene scarlet GS
Indanthrene violet B
Indanthrene violet BN
Indanthrene violet RR
Indanthrene yellow G
Indanthrene yellow GP-
Indian yellow FF
Indigo 2B
Indigo RB „
Indigo 5B
Indigo 6B
Indigosol DH
Indochromine
Indocyanine B
Indoine A _ _ -
Induline NN
Ink blue BITN
Ink blue BJTNO, BJTNOO
Ionamine B, H
Iris violet
Janus black I
Janus brown B
Janus green B
Janus red B
Janus vellow G
Japan black, MBG, MGB
Jasmine, highly cone
Katigene yellow brown GR
Kiton fast green A
Kiton fast green VX
Kiton fast red 4BL
Kiton fast violet 10B
Kiton pure blue AFL
Kiton yellow G
Kryogene violet 3RX
Lanasol blue B
Lanasol brown 2R
Leather black TBO
Leather brown A
Leather brown 5GX
Leather phosphine G, 2G_
Light green SF yellowish
Light green SF yellowish XX
Lithol fast orange R
Lithol fast yellow 2G, 5G
Lithol fast yellow GN, GR
M agenta
Malta gray, B, J
Meldola's blue 3R cone
Metaehrome black AG-_
Metachrome blue black 2BX
Metaehrome brilliant blue BL
Metachrome brown 0G
Metachrome green 3G
Metachrome olive, B, D, 2G
Metachrome olive brown G
Metachrome violet B2R
Methyl alkali blue
Methyl Lyons blue
Methvl silk blue new
Methvl violet NFB
Methvl violet 300XE
Methvlene blue 3G
Methylene blue NNX
Methylene green extra yellowish.
Methylene green B
Methylene green A
M ethylene hel iotrope. .
Methylene yellow H
Milling brown 3G, R
Milling orange
Milling red G
Milling yellow GA, O, 3G
Minaxo acid brown G
Modern cyanine V
Modern gray RCN
Modern green N
Modern heliotrope
Schultz
No.
831
830
873
762
768
832
767
849
849
141
SS2
883
876
667
7 or.
699
686
125
4 Xt
124
240
222
f,2S
754
606
505
505
512
681
535
537
537
515
515
663
660
660
687
618
250
293
177
627
625
Page
Name of dye
102
86
94
94
100
86
79
81
79
80
80
102
79
101
94
84
94
82
94
94
87
97
97
102
80
102
85
82
82
102
102
102
82
86
86
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
83
83
83
82
82
102
86
86
86
102
86
85
94
80
80
79
94
85
Modern olive IN
Modern royal blue
Modern violet
Modern violet N
Monochrome brown EF
Nako DR, 3GA, PS, RH
Nako DD, D2B, O black
Nako yellow SEL
Naphthalene blue black
Naphthalene green, V
Naphthamine blue JEF
Naphthamine fast black KS
Naphthamine green AG
Naphthamine green AN
Naphthamine light blue 4B ...
Naphthamine light brown 2G
Naphthamine light green G
Naphthamine light red R
Naphthamine light violet 2B
Naphthamine pink 2B
Naphthamine violet BE
Naphthindone BB
Naphthochrome blue BN
Naphthochrome cyanine R
Naphthochrome green G
Naphthochrome violet 4B
Naphthochrome violet 2R
Naphthogene blue B
Naphthylamine black 4B I
Naphthylamine black 6B
Naphthylamine brown
Neolan black, 2G
Neolan blue B, 2G -
Neolan green B
Neolan gray B new
Neolan navy blue 2G, R
Neolan pink B, G
Neolan red R
Neptune blue BGX
Neptune blue BXX
New ethyl blue BS
New fast gray
New methylene blue N, NX
New methylene blue NNX, NSS_.
Night blue
Night blue greenish D_
Night green A
NigrosineT, W, WLG
Nile blue BX
Nitranil brown B, R, S
Nitranil green B_
Nitrosamine red
Nitrosine pdr
Oil blueZ
Oil brown AN
Oi! green ALB
Omega chrome brown G, PB
Onis 3B, 5B
Orange 2G
Oxamine acid brown G
Oxamine black BBN, BBNX
Oxamine black BHN.
Oxamine fast blue 6B, RR, RRX.
Oxamine fast pink BX
Oxamine light red E8B
Oxamine red 3BX, X
Oxychrorne blue black BG
O xydi aminogene
Palatine chrome brown GGX
Palatine chrome brown RX, W...
Palatine chrome brown WENTX.
Palatine light yellow RX
Palatine scarlet A
Paper fast bordeaux B
Prim blue 2BX
Paranil black 2B
Parasulphon brown B, V
Patent blue A
Patent blue V
Patent dianil black FF...
Patent green AGL
Patent marine blue LE...
Schultz
No
627
635
624
923
923
923
564
338
326
126
217
266
160
543
545
681
663
663
560
560
503
700
653
38
"333
154
1.-.4
If.)
545
543
436
503
543
108
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION"
Index to table of imports — Continued
Name of dye
Patent phosphine G
Patent phosphine 2G
Patent phosphine R (I)
Patent phosphine R (B)
Patent phosphine 2R___
Patent phosphine GRNTN.
Patent phosphine RRDX
Permanent red 4B
Philadelphia yellow 2G
Phosphine O, 3R
Phosphine brown L
Phosphine orange
Pigment black extra
Pigment chrome yellow L
Pigment purple A
Pilatus light yellow RX
Pinatype complement red D
Pluto brown 2G
Plutoform black BL, 3GL
Polar maroon VC
Polar orange R
Polar red G, R, RS, 3B
Polar yellow 2G, 5G
Pure blue 2G
Printing violet BD
Printing red
Pyramine orange 3G
Pyramine orange R
Pyrazol orange G
Pyrazol orange R, RR
Pyrogene brown DTB.
Pyrogene cutch brown 2R
Pyrogene direct blue RL
Pyrogene green 3G
Pyrogene indigo
Pyrogene indigo blue
Pyrogene violet brown X
Pyrogene yellow M
Pyronine G
Quinoline yellow
Quinoline yellow (spirit-soluble)..
Quinoline yellow KT, N, O
Radio brown B
Radio red G
Radio yellow R
Red IB, JB
Red violet HR__
Rheonine AL, GD
Rhodamine B
Rhodamine 3B
Rhodamine G, 3R.
Rhodamine 4GD, 4GDN
Rhodamine 6G, 6GD
Rhodamine 6GDN, 6GH
Rhoduline blue GO, 3GO._._
Rhoduline orange N, NO
Rhoduline sky blue 3G
Rhoduline yellow 6G, 6GT
Rosanthrene orange R
Rosanthrene pink
Rosazeine B extra.
Rose bengale B
Rosinduline 2B bluish
Rosolane
Rosolane O
Safranine
Scarlet RR
Setoglaucine
Setopaline.
Silk blue BIC (A)
Silk blue BSIC
Silver gray P
Sitara fast red RL
Solamine blue FF
Soluble blue T
Special blue G
Spruce red B
Stanley red
Stone fast orange R
Stone fast yellow 2G.5G.
Stone fast yellow GN, GR
Sulphide violet V
Schultz
No
606
606
606
60S
608
152
606
606
Page
537
306
360
392
726
746
735
734
568
613
612
613
607
573
574
572
571
571
603
"618
573
597
673
688
687
679
496
500
539
700
73
539
193
85
85
85
85
85
85
85
79
85
85
102
102
102
78
7S
94
102
101
101
94
94
91
94
83
97
102
80
81
81
101
101
101
87
87
87
101
101
87
84
85
85
85
94
94
94
80
102
85
84
84
84
102
84
84
102
84
102
85
101
101
84
99
83
94
94
79
102
102 !
102
101
Name of dye
Sulpho rhodamine B
Sulpho rosazeine BG—
Sulphon acid brown 2R
Sulphon orange G.
Sulphon yellow 5 G
Sulphur brilliant blue CLB...
Sulphur yellow G
Sumazine blue
Sun yellow G
Supramine black BR
Supramine brown R
Supramine red B, 2G_.
Supramine yellow G, R
Tannin heliotrope...
Tannin orange R
Tannoflavine T
Tero black FB...
Tero brown, FR
Tero carmine FB _.
Tero red FG
Tero yellow FR.
Tetra cyanol A
Tetracyanol V
Thiazol yellow 3G...
Thioflavine T, TCN
Thiogene black MA ...
Thiogene new blue 2RL
Thiogene violet V
Thioindigo brown R
Thioindigo brown G
Thioindigo orange R..
Thioindigo orange RY
Thioindigo pink AN, BN
Thioindigo pink RN
Thioindigo red 3B
Thioindigo rose RN
Thioindigo scarlet 2G
Thioindigo violet 2R.__
Thioindigo violet 5R
Thioindigo yellow 3GN
Thional brown G
Thional yellow GG...
Thionine blue G, GO.
Thionine blue GO old
Thionol black XXN
Thionol brown O, R._
Thionol purple B
Toluylene fast brown 2R
Toluylene fast orange GL
Toluylene red, OO...
Trfizol light blue 4GL
Trizaol pure blue 6B.
Trizaol red 3B
Trisulphon brown B.
Trisulphon brown GG
Trisulphon violet B
Turquoise blue BB, G...
Typophor black FB..
Typophor brown FR
Typophor carmine FB
Typophor red FG
Typophor yellow FR
Ultra brown R
Ultra cyanine RB
Ultra cyanol B
Ultra orange R
Ursol D, SG
Vat black BB
Vat blue green B
Vat brilliant violet RR, RRP.
Vat brilliant violet RK
Vat brown G._
Vat golden orange G
Vat gray K
Vat gray 6B
Vat heliotrope R
Vat olive R
Vat orange R
Vat orange RRT
Vat orange 4R
Vat red 5GK
Vat red violet RH
Schultz
No.
761
762
816
918
DYES IMPORTED FOE CONSUMPTION IN UNITED STATES, 1923 109
Index to table of imports — Continued
Name of dye
Vat red violet RRK—
Vat violet BR
Vat yellow GK
Vat vellow BK__
Vat yellow 3RT
Vesuvine extra
Vesuvine 3R
Victoria blue B
Victoria blue 4R
Victoria green
Victoria pure blue BO.
Victoria violet 4BS
Violamine B
Violet PDH
Violet 4RN
Water blue
Wool black GRF
Wool black 6B
Wool black N
Wool blue2B,5B
Wool blue N
Wool fast blue BL
Woo! fast blue GL
Schultz
No.
817
810
283
283
559
522
497
559
61
580
636
514
539
220
220
565
562
Page
Name of dve
Wool fast orange G
Wool fast red BL.__
Wool fast yellow 3G
Wool green S_
Wool jet black 3B
Wool printing black CUI-
Woolred G
Wool violet RC
Xylene blue VS
Xylene fast blue AE
Xylene fast green B
Xylene light yellow 2G___
Xylene light yellow R
Xylene milling red B
Yellow IG, JG
Yellow II
Yellow T
Zambesi black, D, V
Zambesi brown 4R
Zambesi pure blue 4BG . .
Zapon blue R
Zapon violet R
Schultz
No.
566
220
507
564
22
22
222
618
330
274
Page
94
94
94
84
79
94
94
94
82
94
84
78
78
94
80
102
So
101
81
80
102
102
PART IV
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
OTHER THAN THOSE OF COAL-TAR
ORIGIN, 1923
in
Part IV
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS OTHER THAN
THOSE OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1923
Introductory
The United States Tariff Commission has compiled a census of
the production of synthetic organic chemicals for the year 1923.
A similar census, made for the first time in 1921, has been repeated
each year. The quantity of production and the amount and value
of the sales have been given in all cases where the figures could
be published without disclosing the operations of the individual
producer.
The products included in this census are synthetic organic com-
pounds derived from sources other than coal tar. Aliphatic com-
pounds derived from natural sources by isolation, distillation, ex-
traction, hydrolysis, or purification, as for example, alkaloids, con-
stituents of essential oils, sugars, and acids, such as stearic and
tartaric, are not included, nor are cyanides, cyanamides, or carbides
of metals or inorganic radicals. Statistics for products obtainable
from other sources have been excluded in most cases.
As the Bureau of the Census collects data for the more important
non-coal-tar organic compounds, the Tariff Commission has not
attempted to collect statistics on such, except in a few instances
where the importance of the industry or other conditions appeared
to warrant this departure.
The production in 1923 of synthetic organic chemicals other than
those derived from coal tar was 90,597,712 pounds, compared with
79,202,155 pounds in 1922. Sales in 1923 amounted to 67,727,067
pounds, valued at $13,S75,521. This total includes the production
of research chemicals, sales of which amounted to 437 pounds,
valued at $7,930, or $1.81 per pound.
Developments in the Industry
Previous to the World War the United States produced a few
synthetic organic chemicals other than those of coal-tar origin.
Among these were acetone, chloroform, ether, acetic acid, formal-
dehyde, acetaldehyde, amyl acetate, and vanillin. Although few in
number, the chemicals of this group required large scale production.
Shortly after the outbreak of the war the manufacturers of finished
perfumes, flavors, pharmaceuticals, and other products, who had been
dependent upon imports of fine chemicals from Germany, were con-
fronted with a serious situation. The American manufacturers who
then undertook to supply these products have since developed an
industry not only of considerable size but the source of most of the
synthetic organic chemicals consumed in the United States.
Synthetic aromatic chemicals. — The synthetic aromatic chemical
industry is a source of supply of raw materials for the flavor and
perfume industries. The past year (1923) was probably one of the
113
114 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
most successful that American manufacturers of these products have
enjoyed. Progress has been made in overcoming the former prejudice
against synthetic aromatic chemicals, and the most important factor
in this result has been the successful and systematic development of
quality products. American manufacturers of these products have
not neglected that essential unit of their business, namely, the re-
search laboratory, and the industry has consequently been placed
upon a stable and scientific basis. Workers in the field of perfumes
and flavors know it to be one of the most extensive and difficult
branches of organic chemistry and, although much important work
has been accomplished, further developments may be expected.
Heliotropin, ionone, isoeugenol, rhodinol, terpineol and vanillin
show conspicuous increases in production. Several of the esters
used in perfumery, as well as nerol, an alcohol similar to geraniol,
were reported in 1923, but not in 1922. Among the products show-
ing a decrease in production are linalyl acetate and citronellol.
Esters. — Several of the esters show a large increase in production.
The production of amyl acetate in 1923 reached 3,207,022 pounds
and of ethyl acetate (85 per cent), 25,887,720 pounds, as compared
with 16,114,458 pounds in 1922. Ethyl chloride shows an increase in
production, and butyl acetate a decrease.
Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. — The production of chloro-
form and carbon tetrachloride was greatly increased in 1923, the
output of chloroform in that year amounting to 1,585,250 pounds,
and that of carbon tetrachloride to 13,513,644 pounds.
Pharmaceuticals. — Manufacturers of synthetic medicinals have in-
creased production in chloral hydrate, glycerophosphoric acid and
salts, iodoform, and formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is used as a dis-
infectant and antiseptic, and in the manufacture of hexamethylene-
tetramine. The latter, which serves not only in medicine but in
greater amounts as an accelerator in the vulcanization of rubber and
in the manufacture of synthetic resins, shows a decrease in produc-
tion for 1923.
Some medicinals of special interest, reported in 1923 but not in
the previous year, are alphozone (succinic dioxide) and dibromin
(dibromomalonylureide) .
Acetylene derivatives. — Aldol and paracetaldehyde each show an
increased production for the year 1923; on the other hand, the pro-
duction of acetaldehyde shows a decrease. These products are im-
ported from Canada, where during the war a large plant was erected
at Shawinigan Falls to produce acetic acid and acetone fron acetylene.
The production of aldehyde-ammonia, used as an accelerator in the
vulcanization of rubber, shows a decrease in production for the year
1923. Acetylene derivatives reported in 1923 but not in 1922 include
acetylene tetrabromide and acetylene tetrachloride.
Ethylene and propylene derivatives. — Ethylene shows a considerable
increase in production for 1923, being used as an anesthetic in place
of ether or nitrous oxide. Several derivatives of ethylene and pro-
pylene were made in commercial quantities in 1923. Probably the
most important of these is ethylene chlorohydrin, which shows a
large increase in production. These derivatives are manufactured
by at least two companies. The process used is based upon the re-
covery of ethylene and propylene from the waste gases of petroleum-
cracking and from other hydrocarbon gases. Other products from
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS. NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1923 115
these sources are diethyl sulphate, used as an ethylating agent,
particularly in dye manufacturing, and isopropyl alcohol, used in
organic synthesis, particularly for the perfumery and flavoring
industries.
Gallic and pyrogallic acids are important products of this group.
Gallic acid is a white crystalline substance made from nutgalls, used
in the manufacture of dyes, pyrogallic acid, ink, and in medicine.
Pyrogallic acid is one of the oldest of photographic developers.
Both of these products showed an increased production in 1923.
Dihydroxytartaric acid. — A large increase in the manufacture of
this product is noted for 1923. It finds application in the manu-
facture of a dye known as tartrazine.
Furfural, first reported in commercial quantities in 1922, shows a
large increase in production in 1923. This synthetic is made from
corncobs, a waste material available in practically unlimited quan-
tities. Furfural may have valuable uses in the synthetic resin and
varnish industry.
Lactic acid, used in the leather, textile, and dye industries, shows a
decreased production for 1923. The manufacture of this product by
a controlled fermentation process is an American development.
Oxalic acid, one of the most important chemicals of this group of
synthetics, showed a decrease in production in 1923.
Tetraethyl lead is one of the synthetics reported for the first time
in 1923. It is finding use as an anti-knock compound in gasoline
engines.
Statistics of Production and Imports
Table 17. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1923
(Not derived from coal tar)
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
page 195. An X indicates that the manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his name in con-
nection with the particular product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates that these sales
can not be published without revealing information in regard to the sales of individual firms. A blank
in the sixth column indicates that the production can not be published without revealing information
in regard to the output of individual firms. The details thus withheld are, however, included in the
totals]
Manufacturer's
identification
number ac-
cording to list
on p. 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
1
Average
Value j price per
pound
Total
production
Total .-
Pounds
67,727,067 |$13,875,521 \ $0.20
Pounds
90, 597, 712
29, 75, 118, 149, X_.
54, 68
1,003
614 . 61
191
62. .
29
149
29
179 .
144
33.
X
197
Amyl acetate and sec. amyl acetate. _
Amyl alcohol and sec. amyl alcohol. .
10, 63, 72, 75, 117,
127, 129, 141, 191,
193, X, X.
X, X, X.
1, 858, 176
1, 017, 627
.55
3, 207, 022
191
Amyl oenanthate
75
i
116 UNITED STATES TABIFF COMMISSION
Table 17. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1923 — Continued
Manufacturer's
identification
number ac-
cording to list
on p. 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
75, 79, X
Povnds
573
$636
$1.11
Pounds
305
79..
24, 75
1, 17, X...
9,116
176, 960
19.41
turie acid).
17
69, 137
X
alcohol) .
Bromodiethylacetylcarbamide
17
62, 118
62
29,43
X
10, 63, 75, 79", 117,
127, 141, 191, 193,
X.
68
351,041
151,673
.43
1, 816, 086
79
68
79
29, 43
72, 79, 141
23, 569
X
118
75, 141
62, 139, 200, X
17
11,007,361
874. 281
.08
13, 513, 644
62
124, X
Chloretone (trichlorotertiary butyl
X
alcohol) .
62, 63...
62, 139, 160, X
17
1, 442, 479
355,319
.25
1, 585, 250
17
75
75
75
75, 103, 194
75, 178. X
99
29
29
17
75
75
X._ ..
17
1
62
29
62
17
17
1,205
205...
17
1, 17
29
75
75
27, 88, 151, 205
100, 029
17
205
68, 111
17
1 : 3-Dimethylxanthine sodium ace-
tate.
17
X
75
75 .
1
17
10, 63, 72, 75, 117,
127, 129, 191, 193,
194, X.
10, 970, 972
1,936,217 .11
25, 887, 720
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NOT OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1923 117
Table 17. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1928 — Continued
Manufacturer's
identification
number ac-
cording to list
on p. 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
191
Pounds
Pounds
79 ..J
79 _.l
17, 62, 118, 194, 205.
24, 72, 75, 79, 141,
191, 194, X, X.
141
$0.39
1.27
124, 842
Ethyl butyrate.
40, 791
$51,581
40, 477
75, 191
48, 62, 78, 83, 118,
160. 191, X, X.
62, 191
219, 594
68, 505
.31
270,180
194
X
Ethyl ether
48, 63, 118, 153,
174, 191.
75,79,118,141,191,
X.
17
4, 666, 832
2,016
554, 203
1,220
.12
.61
5, 104, 157
1,958
Ethyl iodide
68, 118, 124, 153,
179.
75, 141, 191.-
226
1,234
5.46
261
75,191 .- J
75 1
1, 75 i
Ethyl nitrite -
118, 153, X
75, 79, 141, 194, X.
17, 75, 191, 194
29,946
3,965
15,428
6,942
.52
1.75
35.140
3,476
24, 75, 79, 129 .
823
72, 75, 194, X...
1.81
1,869
72, 75, 194, X i -
191 '
62, 118. i
29,62
29, X
62 L --
29, 62 1 -
29
29
58, 93, 127, 142,
149, X.
196
18, 854, 535
2, 474, 506
.13
24, 081, 188
Furfural
156
■Gallic acid ..
68,118, 208....
75, 79, 129, 178, X..
161, 399
88, 342
.55
469, 941
75, 103, 178, X
75
20
22
125
129
6.25
5.86
75 . i
68 !
142, X ! :
29
75 i ..: -
75
24, 75, 78, 192, X...
75
12,914
24,572
1.90
11,696
75, 79, X
X
79
75
X
118, 136, 153
29, 62
1,000
118,433
118.43
Hexadecvl alcohol ( . _
75
Hexadecvl ketone
75
93, 142, 149, X
17
1, 155. 083
974, 877
.84
1, 381, 073
Hexamethylenetetramineanhy-
d roraeth vlene citrate
186, X .
17
17
Iodobehcnic acid _
17... .
Iodoform
118, 124, 136, 153...
7.5. 103. 129, 192,
194, X
12, 179
23, 47(3
r.3, 758
98, 478
5.24
4.20
13,231
118 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 17. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1923 — Continued
Manufacturer's
identification
number ac-
cording to list
on p. 195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Isoamyl acetate
141
Pounds
. Pounds
Isoamyl butyrate
24, 75, 79, 141,
191, X, X.
75, 79, 141, 191
9,362
$13, 189
9 733
Isoamyl formate
1.20
84
Isoamyl nitrite
68
Isoamyl n-valerate
72
Isoamyl isovalerate
75, 79, 141, 191,
X.
75, 79, 141, 191
103
399
83
1,196 3.00
274 | 3.30
430
Isobutyl acetate . ..
111
Isobutyl alcohol
Isobutyl butyrate
75, 141, 191
75, 191
12
34 2. 83
Isobutyl formate.
Isobutyl isobutyrate
79
Isobutvlpropionate
75_
Iso butyraldehyde
75
Iso butyric acid
79, 141
Isoeugenol
24, 75, 103, 192,
195, X.
75
2,063
9,502
4.61
Isopropyl acetate
Isopropyl alcohol (Isopropanol)
29, 144, X
Isopropyl chloride -- _ .
144
Isopropyl oxalate _ . _ - . ...
191
Isovaleric acid
79, 141, 176
Jasmone ketone
75
Lactic acid
197
Limonene alcohol
194
Linalyl acetate
Linaly 1 butyrate
75, 103, 178, 192...
75
453
3,570
7.88
238
Linalyl formate
75, 178, 192
Linalyl propionate
75
Linalyl valerate __
75 ....
M ethaform (chlorobutanol)
X
Methyl acetate
79, 127, 191
Methylamine _
205__._ _.__
Methyl anisate
79
Methyl bromide
62
Methyl n-butyrate
75, 141, 191
Methyl chloride...
X
75, 178
Metiiyl foi.mte
191
Methyl iodide .
179...
"""• ""
178
1
Methylnonvlacetic aldehyde ... ._
75_
Methyl oxalate
75, 191
Methvl propionate
75
"•
p-Methyl quinoline
75
Methyl sulfate
X
Methyl xanthic acid, ethyl ester of- .
X
17 .
194
75..
75
Octadecyl alcohol
75
Octadecyl aldehyde
75
Octadecyl ketone ..
• 75
Octoic alcohol
178
75, 192
n-Octyl alcohol and sec-octyl alcohol
75, 179, 192_ __
45
(capryl alcohol).
75, 103.
178...
143, 196
29, 110
29, 62
Paraformaldehyde
93, 142, 149
75
117, 506
57, 670
.49
112,846
75
X. .
X
75
72.
75
144...
191
191..
75
n-Propyl propionate
75-...
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, NOT OF COAL-TAE ORIGIN, 1&23 119
Table 17. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1923 — Continued
Manufacturer's
identification
number accord-
ing to list on p.
195
Sales
Name
Quantity
Average
Value i price per
pound
Total
production
Propylene chlorohvdrin
29.
Pounds
! Pounds
Propylenedichloride
29
29
29
Pyrogallol (pvrogallic acid)
68, 118, 208
27
222, 929
$218, 066
$0.98
235, 389
Rhodinol
75, 103, 129, 178,
186, 192, 194.
75, 178
2,985
43, 558
14.69
5.729
Rhodinvl acetate .
Rhodinyl butyrate
Rhodinyl formate _ .'.
178
Succinic anhydride ...
X
17
Terpineol...
137, 192, X, X
X.
260, 318
129, 430
.50
322, 337
Terpineoline
Terpin hvdrate
153, 195
Terpinyl acetate
75, 79. 103, 129,
178, 192, X.
75
7,655
11,250
1.47
13, 638
Terpinyl butyrate
Tetrachloroethylene
62
sym-Tetrachloroethane
62
....
£
Tetradecyl alcohol _
75
r
Tetradecy 1 aldehyde
75
Tetradecvl ketone
75
Tetraethyllead
63
Tetramethyldiaminopentanol
17
Triacetin
79, 129, 191
Trichloroethylene
29. 62
Triethvltrimethylenetriamine.
X
Trimethvlene bromide .
1
n-Valeric acid
72
Vanillic acid
75
Vanillic alcohol
75 '.
Vanillin '
78, 79, 122, 195, X,
X.
75
269, 941
Vanillvl vanillate..
Zinc butyl xanthate
X
All otber synthetic organic chemicals
111
Research chemicals .
54, 68, 172
437
7,930
1.81
1 Includes vanillin reported by one firm unler coal-tar flavor.
Table 18. — Comparison of production of synthetic organic chemicals, 1922 and 1923
Name
1923
1922
Amyl acetate
Butyl acetate (n. and sec.)
Carbon tetrachloride
C i tronell vl acetate
Ethyl acetate (85 percent)
Ethyl bromide
Ethyl butyrate
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl ether
Ethvl formate
Ethyl iodide
Ethyl oenant hate _
Ethyl pelargonate
Formaldehyde
Gallic acid
Heliotropin
Hexamethylenetetramine
Iodoform
Isoamyl butyrate
Isoamy 1 forma te
Isobut yl acetate.
Linalyl acetate
n-Octyl alcohol and sec. octyl alcohol
Pyrogallol
Rhodinol..
Terpinyl acetate
Vanillin
Pounds
Pounds
3, 207, 022
1, 692, 074
1,816,086
2, 467, 506
13,513,644
11,166,318
99
105
25, 887, 720
16,114,458
124,842
155, 162
40, 477
22,958
270, 180
164. 198
5, 104, 157
4,017,043
1,958
1,627
261
238
3,476
4,731
823
971
24, 081, 188
23,958,1.52
469,941
411,768
11,696
6.794
1,381.073
2,015, 161
13.231
11,811
9,733
5, 576
84
155
111
510
238
736
45
106
235, 389
187, 536
5,729
777
13. 638
13,802
269, 941
221, 046
120
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 19. — Imports and 'production of synthetic organic chemicals (except those of
coal-tar origin), 1922, 1923
Name
Imports, 1922
Pounds
Value
Production
1922
Imports, 1923
Pounds , Pounds
Value
Production
1923
Pounds
Acetaldehyde.
Acetic or pyroligneous acid
Containing by weight not
more than 65 per cent
acetic acid
Containing more than 65
per cent acetic acid .
Formic acid
Gallic acid
Glycerophosphoric, and salts
and compounds
Lactic acid
Containing by weight 55
per cent or more of lactic
acid
Oxalic acid...
Pyrogallic acid
Methanol
Carbon tetrachloride.
Chloroform
Chloral hydrate.
Cocaine, etc
Ethers and esters:
Containing not more than
10 per cent alcohol —
Ethyl ether
Ethyl chloride..
Amyl acetate.
Amyl nitrite
Ethyl acetate
Nitrous, spirits of
Other, n. s. p. f
Containing more than 50
per cent alcohol
Formaldehyde solution (not
more than 40 per cent)
Formaldehyde solution (form-
alin)
Hexameth ylenetetramine
Urea..
Thymol
Vanillin
82,390
18, 706
43
278, 141
4,490
12, 481
380, 840
5,000
1, 290, 075
1
127
66, 131
15
k 1, 354
\> 3 7,518
906
17, 096
200
6
200
1,998
4,374
1,616
407
300
16,010
260, 636
11,403
2 3,514
$13, 192
1,318
19
71, 537 163, 913
$26,338
20, 481
2,387
8, 659
37, 913
411,768
758
106, 486
3
37, 052
664, 034
1, 282, 004
6,048
28, 265
4,758
79, 553
96, 174
2,743
38,100
3, 978, 807
187, 536
43 j 16,808,911
1, 854 , 11, 166, 318
3 '....
1, 18(6 i
18, 572
158
10, 906
258
17
276
1,365
1,781
1,442
50
7,765
61,561
34, 426
1,448
3 4, 017, 043
3 164, 198
3 1, 692, 074
16,114,458
23, 958, 152
2, 015, 161
" "221," 046'
66,648
2, 621, 302
342
1 15, 786
1,429
381
6, 135
MOO
3 103
3 9, 519
3 26. 418
56
3 27, 202
16, 056
206, 100
417
12, 573
130
133
1,819
238
75
11,899
9,612
114
11,664
11,448
6,458
1,436
166
47, 373
47,711
12, 136
67
24, 722
5,898
27, 067
469, 941
235, 389
1 8, 593, 727
13, 513, 644
1, 585, 250
5, 104, 157
270, 180
3, 207, 022
25, 887, 720
24, 081, 188
"I,~38i,~673
""269," 941
1 Gallons.
2 Ounces.
3 Alcohol content unknown.
PART V
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
1760— 24 f 9 121
Part V
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
Introductory
In the census of 1922 the world's trade in synthetic dyes was
the subject of discussion. This included a review of the conditions
existing before the war, when Germany dominated the world trade,
and a consideration of manufacturing developments during and
since the war, as a result of which the United States, Great Britain,
France, and Italy have established home dye industries producing
a great part of the requirements of each country and which have
to some extent developed an export trade in dyes. The dye indus-
tries of Great Britain, Switzerland, and France were considered
in detail. Available statistical information from official sources
on production, consumption, imports and exports of dyes by differ-
ent nations was also included in Part V, International Dye Irade.
General Developments During 1923
The occupation of the Ruhr.— The occupation of the Ruhr by the
French during 1923 had a pronounced effect on the international
dye trade through the partial elimination, for some months of that
year, of active competition by German dye manufacturers. The
total output of dyes in the German factories in January, 1923, was
at the rate of 240,000,000 pounds per year or approximately 85 per
cent of the output in 1913. The monthly production figures of the
German dye plants declined from January to May, when they
reached a minimum output for that year, being at the rate of about
35 per cent of the 1913 output. Then, from June until December,
each month registered a gain in production, the rate in the latter
month being equivalent to nearly 185,000,000 pounds per year.
The total production of 1923 (144,859,572 pounds) was smaller by
47,946,992 pounds than the 1922 output, which had amounted to
192,806,564 pounds. This decrease represents a significant portion
of the world's total annual consumption. The requirements of
China, India, and other large nonmanufacturing consumers were
in part met by the United States, Great Britain, France, and Switzer-
land, as is apparent from the official dye statistics of those countries.
The exports of the United States increased in 1923 to 17,924,200
pounds, valued at $5,565,267, from a 1922 total of 8,344,187 pounds,
with a value of S3, 996,443. The exports of dyes similarly increased
in the United Kingdom, totaling in 1923, 14,132,944 pounds, valued
at $4,719,924, compared with 5,299,504 pounds, valued at $2,714,612,
in 1922. The exports during 1923 of both the United Kingdom
and the United States fell below those of 1920, a year of world-wide
business activity, before German dyes had reappeared in the world's
markets. Germany's monthly production figures for January and
February, 1924, show an output at the rate of nearly 190,000,000
123
124
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
pounds per year. This expansion in production is obviously a factor
in the world's large dye markets, such as the Far East countries, and
will probably affect exports of dyes from the United States and Great
Britain. The output of the early months of 1924 indicates that the
effects of the Ruhr occupation, which extended from the early part
of 1923 to the latter part of the year, have very largely disappeared.
Seizure of German dyes by French and Belgian authorities. — Accord-
ing to reports from France, 6,560 tons of dyes were seized in'
May, 1923, in the dye plants at Hochst, Ludwigshafen, and Bie-
brich. Of this total, 2,100 tons were sold in order to pay sums due
the German Coal Syndicate by the German dye concerns from
which the dyes were taken. It is understood that the remaining
4,460 tons were to be divided between France and Belgium. A por-
tion of the first dye seizure was resold for exportation. Later
seizures were reported to consist of pharmaceuticals and chemicals.
Indigo and alizarin red comprised a large portion of the seized
stocks. The British Alizarin Company purchased alizarin in quantity
in order to prevent the demoralization of price levels by the dumping
of this dye on the market. The official import figures for the United
Kingdom show a total of 1,445,024 pounds of alizarin, valued at
$391,535, for the month of January. 1924. This amount exceeded
by 503,216 pounds the total imports of alizarin during the entire
year 1923.
Increased, post-war capacity to produce dyes. — The combined capacity
of the world's synthetic dye plants in 1924 is estimated to exceed
600,000,000 pounds per year, or nearly double the pre-war capacity.
In arriving at this estimate the capacity of the seven leading dye-
producing nations has been used. In addition, there is probably
productive plant capacity in Austria, Czechoslovakia, Belgium,
Holland, Sweden, Russia, and possibly other countries, but the aggre-
gate of these minor producers will, it is believed, not seriously affect
this estimate. The estimated capacity for the first seven countries
given in the following table was obtained by adding 25 per cent to
the maximum reported or estimated output.
The existing capacity to produce in excess of normal requirements
can not fail to result in an era of severe competition in the world's
markets, and will finally eliminate many of the plants now producing
dyes.
Table 20. — World's estimated annual capacity to produce dyes
Country
Maximum
reported or
estimated
output
Estimated
annual
capacity
Pounds
280, 000, 000
94, 000, 000
43, 000, 000
24, 000, 000
24, 000, 000
10, 000, 000
16, 000, 000
Pounds
350, 000, 000
United States 2 -
117, 500, 000
54, 000, 000
30, 000, 000
30, 000, 000
Italy 6 -
12, 500, 000
20, 000, 000
Total
491, 000, 000
614, 000, 000
J For the year 1913, exports totaled 239,598,133 pounds and home consumption is estimated at 40,000,000
pounds.
> For 1923.
3 For 1920.
* For 1923.
6 For 1922.
6 For 1919
HSTTEEISTATIONAL DYE TRADE
125
The following tables show exports from the principal dye-produc-
ing countries and imports into the chief dye-consummg countries :
Table 21. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from chief producing countries, 1913, 1921-1923
Exported from—
1913
Pounds
Value
1921
Pounds
Value
Germany
United States.
Great Britain.
Switzerland. ..
France
Italy
239, 598, 133
$51, 689, 400 i 48, 304. 991
5,451,376
19, 458, 902
1, 152, 134
117,725
862, 566
5, 549, 752
275, 716
22, 458
7, 621, 600
10, 779, 612
5, 947, 131
607, 812
1 $15, 935, 585
* 6, 270, 139
5, 033, 828
11, 654, 516
1, 608, 308
274, 128
Exported from—
Germany
United States
Great Britain
Switzerland..
France.
Italy
1923
Pounds
114, 213, 300
« 8, 344, 187
3, 860, 416
16,167,655
1,251,551
372, 578
Value
Pounds
$79, 826, 618
s 3, 996, 443
2, 300, 298
13, 042, 635
1, 094, 420
254, 250
73, 974, 473
« 17, 924, 200
14, 132, 944
18, 282, 967
4, 650, 382
6 432, 983
Value
2 $41, 580, 742
» 17, 125, 528
» 5, 565, 267
4, 719, 924
12,253,711
3, 749, 442
e 417, 906
1 May to December, 1921.
2 1923 basis.
3 1913 basis.
* Includes natural and coal-tar dyes, with exception of logwood extract.
5 New classification for coal-tar colors adopted in 1922 was " Color Lakes" and "Other colors, dyes, and
stains."
6 First nine months.
Table 22. — Imports of dyes into chief consuming countries, 1913, 1921-1923
Imported into —
China
United States
Great Britain
Austria-Hungary...
British India 3
Italy
Japan
Germany
Russia.
France..
Canada 3
Turkey
Sweden
Spain.. ._
Switzerland
Dutch East Indies .
Czechoslovakia
Netherlands
1913
Pounds
i 60, 696,
2 45,950,
41,203,
17, 168,
16, 923,
15, 542,
5 9,755,
7, 138,
4, 835,
4, 706,
2, 633,
2, 631,
2, 376,
i 2, 303,
2,201,
6 2,073,
Value
533
895
008 i
764 I
607
429 I
260 I
495 !
647
601 |
516
703 !
166
709 I
292
434
$11, 673, 779
7, 537, 870
9, 207, 684
3, 616, 199
3, 741, 031
3,611,705
2, 100, 255
1, 682, 422
3, 701, 186
1,416,316
594, 414
641, 321
699, 737
1, 021, 368
431, 197
890, 366
1921
Pounds
46, 939, 187
4,252,911
6, 686, 288
3, 439, 837
11,731,237
• 7, 450, 665
7, 752, 896
6 291,457
2, 531, 320
2, 366, 855
984, 028
3, 178, 365
1, 084, 337
2, 166, 053
10, 854, 128
2, 666, 518
Value
$19, 283, 019
5, 156, 779
5, 930, 054
931,610
11, 798, 262
2, 556, 457
9, 858, 807
33, 497
1. 539, 907
1, 692, 873
851, 265
1, 264, 929
668, 843
1, 385, 364
6, 901, 737
1,937,097
[For footnotes see next page.]
126
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 22. — Imports of dyes into chief consuming countries, 1913, 1921-1923 —
Continued
Imported into —
1922 1923
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
China
56,300,385
3, 982, 631
6, 450, 192
2, 760, 380
14, 119, 822
9 5, 484, 383
12, 526, 817
1, 003, 300
$17, 788, 624
5, 243, 257
5, 873, 160
817, 737
United States
3, 098, 193
6, 289, 584
$3, 151, 363
Great Britain
4, 591, 038
Italy
2, 751, 374
9, 025, 223
111,906
Germany
466, 494
123, 522
3, 279, 786
3, 290, 349
2, 778, 480
2, 287, 159
3, 022, 505
2, 986, 200
Spain 2.115.627
1, 777, 938
672, 769
Switzerland
1, 290, 793
2, 091, 102
7, 826, 320
3, 816, 162
1, 980, 171
2, 238, 238
5,118,341
974, 518
Czechoslovakia.
5, 765, 175
2, 124, 263
2, 688, 556
'Exports to China, 1913, from France, Germany, and Switzerland amounted to 69,181,230 pounds,
valued at $11,516,567. Chinese statistics show value but not quantity of aniline dyes, and include "un-
classified dyes," which may contain other than coal-tar dyes.
2 Fiscal year 1914— Quantity from Special Agents Series No. 121; value from Commerce and Navigation
Reports.
3 Years ended March 31, 1914, and 1922 and 1923.
4 Figures include 3,496,275 pounds of reparation dyes for which no value is shown.
5 Aniline only, in 1913.
6 1921 imports, May to December.
' 1914.
8 Quantity of synthetic indigo not shown, 1913.
' Figures include 1,666,237 pounds of reparation dyes for which no value is shown.
Germany's Position in the World's Dye Trade
Of primary importance in a consideration of international dye
trade is the pre-war supremacy of Germany and her recent efforts
to regain her lost trade.
The chemical industry is one of the leading industries of Germany.
Its vital place in the welfare of the country is fully appreciated and
the severe loss of trade in dyes and chemicals as a result of the war
can not be considered as permanent.
The organization and growth of the dye industry in Germany up
to the outbreak of the war has been described in great detail in
many technical publications. Accordingly, mention is made here
only of the more important influences which have favored the ex-
pansion of the German industry, together with statistics of the ex-
ports of dyes from 1880 to 1913, demonstrating the remarkable rate
of their growth.
The coal-tar dye industry was established in England and France
several years before it was started in Germany. Professor Hoffman
and other German chemists who had resided in England were thor-
oughly familiar with the initial work on these dyes carried out in the
Royal College of Chemistry and in other English institutions. They
returned to Germany, to find the significance and promise of the coal-
tar dye and chemical industry fully appreciated. The value of
research was, from the start, recognized by the German universities,
the Government, and the industrial firms. This probably more than
any other factor favored the rapid growth and development of the
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
127
industry. Other vital factors in the growth of this chemical branch
were (1) the heavy capital investment; (2) the availability of raw
material; (3) the concentration within a small area; (4) the fact that
foreign patent laws in consuming countries, such as France, Great
Britain, and the United States, were unfavorable to the establish-
ment of domestic dye industries, but favorable to German ownership
of patents; and (5) the intimate relationship between different con-
cerns which resulted, in recent years, in the formation of a powerful
trust.
PRE-WAR TRADE
Prior to the war German dye manufacturers succeeded in eliminat-
ing any serious foreign competition, using to that end such methods
as price cutting, full-line forcing, and dumping.
In 1913, the total exports of dyes reached a maximum, 239,598,133
pounds; adding 40,000,000 pounds as the estimated home consump-
tion, total production during that year approximated 280,000,000
pounds. As Germany then dominated the world's market an
analysis of official dye-export figures throws much light on the world's
dye trade at that time. Table 23 shows total exports of dyes from
Germany in 1913 for the first 10 importing countries both by quantity
and value.
Table 23. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany to leading countries, 1913
Exported to —
China
United States
Great Britain
Austria-Hungary
British India
Italy
Japan
Belgium
Netherlands
France...
Pounds
Exported to —
China
United States
Great Britain
Austria-Hungary.
Japan
j British India
Italy
Russia _.-
France
Belgium
Value
$10,
9,
6,
3,
3,
3,
2,
1,
1,
1,
957, 190
027, 780
617, 240
787, 380
453, 900
168, 060
524, 920
929, 420
524, 480
405, 380
Table 24 shows exports by countries for the year 1913, giving value
and quantity for the three following classes of synthetic dyes, u ani-
line and other coal-tar dyes, not elsewhere mentioned," "alizarin,
alizarin dyes and anthracene dyes," and " synthetic indigo."
Table 24. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913
1913
1913
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Alizarin, alizarin red, vari- |
egated colors from anth-
racene:
'
Alizarin, alizarin red.vari-
ega ted colors from anth-
racene — Continued.
127, 867
661, 380
50, 706
5, 866, 441
205, 028
1, 298, 509
5, 855, 418
$47, 640
France
Great Britain
489, 421
5, 857, 622
416, 669
716, 495
1, 192, 689
$190, 560
976, 620
119, 100
119, 100
333, 480
Switzerland.. .-
Spain
British India, etc
Japan..
United States
95,280
23, 820
Italy
Netherlands
Austria-Hungary.
Austria
905, 160
95, 280
238, 200
1, 310, 100
Total
428, 760
Russia 725,313
128 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION"
Table 24. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913 — Continued
1913
1913
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Aniline and other coal-tar
dyes not specifically
mentioned:
Belgium
5, 531, 341
384, 393
$1, 405, 38
71, 460
Aniline and other coal-tar
dyes not specifically
mentioned— Continued.
1, 382, 284
976, 638
123, 458
1, 197, 098
30, 544, 733
$404, 940
190, 560
47, 640
285, 840
6, 717, 240
Bulgaria
Alsace-Lorraine
Chile...
France
3, 853, 641
24, 285, 874
9, 032, 246
3 009 279
1, 024, 260
Great Britain
5, 259, 500
2, 167, 620
Italy.
Other countries.
Norway..
595,242 142.920
Total
141, 729, 325
33, 835, 604
A ustria-Hungary
12, 740, 383
2,977,500
Indigo:
Alsace-Lorraine.
Austria
Czechoslovakia
France
712, 086
2, 601, 428
1, 459, 445
1, 347, 011
3, 000, 461
309, 660
Great Britain..
381, 120
East Poland..
Italy
238, 200
Netherlands
921,523 i 238,200
496, 035 119. 100
214, 380
Rumania
Austria-Hungary
Austria...
476,400
806, 884
2, 420, 651
142, 920
833, 700
Czechoslovakia
Hungary..
Russia
956,796
147, 708
976, 638
714, 290
47, 090, 256
1, 809, 977
2, 103, 188
7, 630, 121
666, 960
Spain
Finland
520, 286
1, 986, 345
1, 728, 406
211, 642
1, 446, 218
963, 410
8, 428, 185
18, 653, 121
7, 729, 328
531, 309
350, 531
142, 920
476, 400
500, 220
47, 640
428, 760
214, 380
1, 953, 240
4, 536, 994
2, 000, 880
119, 100
119, 100
119, 100
Egypt
214, 380
British India, etc
China
Switzerland..
309, 660
6, 396, 964
Spain
Japan
1, 357, 740
East Indies, etc
United States
Turkey
357, 300
British India, etc
China
1, 000, 440
Dutch Indies
Other countries
_,
Dutch East Indies
Total i
73, 530, 014
12, 685, 444
Argentina
Officially published totals do not check with items shown.
EXPORTS SINCE THE WORLD "WAR
The establishment of dye industries in the United States, Great
Britain, France, and Italy, able to supply most of the home require-
ments and, in addition, to enter the export trade to "some extent,
has resulted in the loss of a large part of Germany's export trade in
dyes, as shown in the following taole:
Table 25. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913, 1920-1923
Year
Pounds
Value
1913...
239, 598, 133
61,140,171
48, 304, 991
115,974,900
73, 974, 473
$51, 666, 168
1920
53, 002, 407
1921 i
15, 935, 585
1922
80, 781, 892
1923
/ 2 41,580,742
\ 3 17, 125, 528
1 May to December.
2 1923 basis.
3 1913 basis.
Of the leading consuming countries which are now dye producers,
the United States ranks first (rating second by quantity of the
world's consumers and first by value). The recovery of this market
is of great importance to Germany, as the United States now possesses
a dye industry ranking second to that of Germany and not only
supplies more than 90 per cent of its domestic requirements, but has
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 129
exported significant amounts of indigo, sulphur black, and other
dyes to Far East markets, a feature tending to prevent German
domination in these markets. It is accordingly a logical move on
the part of Germany to seek to regain the United States market,
even at very great cost and over a prolonged period of effort.
EFFORTS TO REGAIN EXPORT TRADE
No doubt is possible as to the determination of the "I. G. " to
regain for Germany her former supremacy in the world's dye trade.
Of the various methods open to her in the effort to accomplish this
purpose, the following appear to be of leading importance :
(a) Affiliation with concerns in the new dye-producing countries to
establish a foothold in them.
(6) The exercising of influence in competing countries, either di-
rectly or indirectly through consumers, to bring about tariff changes
facilitating a freer entrance of dyes into those countries.
(c) By attacking the export trade of the United States, Great
Britain, and France, to weaken the industry of those nations to the
extent to which the export trade serves as a source of revenue and a
balance of production, and thus to admit of more continuous opera-
tion at lower manufacturing costs.
(d) .The use of propaganda directed against the new foreign in-
dustries and their products and favorable to the German organiza-
tion and its dyes.
0) Commercial warfare, by such well-known methods as price
cutting, full-line forcing, and dumping.
Affiliations. — -The new dye-producing nations, the United States,
Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, have adopted tariff measures
or import restrictions calculated to protect and stimulate the pro-
duction of dyes in those countries. Germany has consequently not had
free access to the markets of these countries, which before the war
were dominated by German dyes.
One method open to Germany for establishing a foothold and
sharing the profits is to enter into an affiliation with one or more of
the large dye producers, and to obtain control by purchase of the
major portion of the stock carrying voting rights. In the event of
high protective measures being" continued in those countries, Ger-
many might find it advantageous to purchase outright an existing
American plant, or to establish new plants in the United States,
where their processes could be conducted and their trade secrets
retained exclusively in the hands of German agents. A price-cutting
campaign might be resorted to for the purpose of forcing some of the
existing concerns out of business.
Italy. — The Germans have established themselves in Italy by
affiliation. The Bianchi Co., one of the largest Italian producers, is
reported to have an agreement with the Cassella Co. of Germany,
under which the Germans agree to supply technical assistance and
personnel, and the Italians in turn agree not to sell any products so
produced outside of Italy or its colonies. The profits are divided on
the basis of the relative German and Italian stock ownership. The
effect of this affiliation is (1) to diminish the volume of Italian dyes in
the export market; (2) to effect a sharing of profits in the Italian
home market by the "I. G.," and (3) to enable the exercise of Ger-
man influence in Italy.
130 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
France.— An arrangement between the French dye concern Mate-
ries Colorantes, and the "I. G." was reported in 1922. The Ger-
mans are understood to have agreed to furnish technical aid in
return for the French undertaking to restrict exports to their colonies.
The complications of the Ruhr occupation are reported to have
unfavorably affected the operation of this agreement.
Great Britain. — Negotiations were conducted in 1923 between the
British Dye Corporation and the "I. G.," but no working agree-
ment had been reached to June, 1924.
The United States. — In 1923 and 1924 it was reported that
endeavors were being made by German manufacturers to secure
affiliations with certain firms in the United States. Up to June, 1924,
however, no authoritative statement in regard to the conclusion of
such agreements had been published.
Attack on the export trade of the United States, Great Britain, and
France. — The export trade comprises nearly nine-tenths of Germany's
dye business. In the case of the new dye-producing nations it has
been a minor part of the total trade, as the home market demands
made up the bulk of the business. Nevertheless, the dye export
trade for the new industries in the United States and Great Britain
constitutes an important balance for stabilizing production by
offsetting the fluctuations of home consumption. Furthermore, as
the output increases, the unit cost of production declines.
The destruction by Germany of the dye export trade of the United
States, Great Britain, France, and Italy would be an important step
in a program to weaken the new industries. The existence of
competition in the Far East and in other dye markets prevents
German domination and the arbitrary fixing of prices.
In 1921, Germany regained a large part of her trade in Far
East markets, lost during the war. The occupation of the Ruhr in
1923 diminished the German export trade and stimulated that of
the United States and other new dye-producing nations. In 1924,
Germany returned with renewed energy to the Far East markets and
began to regain her former supremacy in them.
Commercial warfare. — The well-known methods employed by the
Germans prior to 1914 may be revived or extended at any time, the
first being price cutting or destructive underselling. In the past, when
a, German firm encountered competition in a dye or other chemical
product, it sold the goods at or below cost until the rival concerns were
forced out of business. Such losses as may result from this price cut-
ting designed to be, and usually are, made up by a higher selling price
in countries where no competition is encountered or by a subsequent
increase in price when competition has been eliminated. In this
connection it should be borne in mind that the export-price levels of
dyes in Germany since the war are far above those of pre-war years.
Full-line forcing has also been an effective weapon of commercial
warfare. Germany produced certain products not duplicated else-
where; the sale of these products can be and was made contingent
upon the acceptance of a full line or by a refusal to sell any dyes
whatever to consumers who attempted to divide their orders. Dump-
ing, 1 and dishonest and deceptive labeling, are among measures which
may be utilized.
i United States Tariff Commission report on Dyes and Related Coal-Tar Chemicals, 1918; see p. 26
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 131
EFFECT OF THE OCCUPATION OF THE RUHR.
In the month of January, 1923, just before the occupation of the
Ruhr by the French, the production of dyes in German plants, based
on the monthly reparation lists, totaled slightly over 20,000,000
pounds, or at the rate of 240,000,000 pounds per year — approximately
85 per cent of the pre-war production (1913). In the month of Feb-
ruary, the total production receded to nearly 16,000,000 pounds and
the output declined from that month until May, when it reached
a minimum of 7,431,962 pounds, or 37 per cent of the January out-
put. During the months of July, August, and September the out-
put registered a slight increase; the average production being about
9,000,000 pounds per month. From October to December, how-
ever, the increase was more rapid, reaching an output of 15,390,586
pounds in December, or at the rate of nearly 185,000,000 pounds
per year.
The effect of the occupation of the Ruhr was most pronounced in
the Hochst and the Badische plants. These are two of the largest
dye producers in the occupied zone. The equivalent quarterly out-
put of the Hochst plant in January was 1,225,010 pounds, rapidly
declining to 57,181 pounds in March, and during April and May
production ceased. From June until November the average monthly
production was about 15 per cent of the January figure. The
November output showed a large increase, and the December pro-
duction was over 70 per cent of the January figure. In the case of
the Badische plant at Ludwigshafen, the January output was
5,304,426 pounds. After a slight drop in February an abrupt decline
was registered, reaching in June the minimum of 131,385 pounds.
Then, starting from an output of 419,641 pounds in July, the upward
movement continued until it reached 5,506,835 pounds in December.
An examination of the monthly output figures of the other dye
plants shows that the occupation had less effect on their output.
The total monthly output of all plants in December had reached 76
per cent of the January figure, showing that the effect of the occu-
pation had been overcome in the latter part of the year. The total
output of 1923 was 75 per cent of the total 1922 production, and
about 13 per cent of the production of the pre-war year 1913.
The production in January, 1924, was 14,153,841 pounds and that
of February, 1924 increased to 15,750,430 pounds, equivalent to
about 189,000,000 pounds per year.
132
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
STATISTICS OF EXPORTS AND IMPORTS.
The following tables show the development of Germany's trade
in dyes since 1880:
Table 26. — Development of the German export trade in coal-tar dyes, 1880—191 3
Year
Tons
1880 . .
2,140
4,646
7,280
15, 789
23, 781
36, 570
49, 997
52, 480
59, 696
64, 288
1885
1890
1895
1900
1905.
1910
1911 _.
1912
1913 i.
Aniline and other coal-tar dyes
Quantity
Pounds
4, 717, 844
10, 242, 572
16, 049, 488
34, 808, 429
52, 427, 593
80, 622, 222
110,223,386
115, 697, 408
131, 605, 802
141, 729, 325
Value
1,000
marks
31. 307
34,846
37, 854
63. 156
77, 289
100, 654
125, 790
119, 507
133, 764
142, 079
Dollars
Alizarin and Alizarin dyes
Quantity
Tons i Pounds
457, 327
300, 317
016, 823
043, 759
410, 240
975, 783
963, 178
466, 567
862, 585
843, 218
5,888 | 12,
4.284 ! 9,
7,905 ! 17,
8,928 I 19,
8,591 I 18,
9,339 I 20,
9, 220 20,
9,624 21.
11,589 25,
11,040 24,
980, 685
444, 506
427, 363
682, 669
939, 719
588, 759
326, 412
217, 070
549, 109
337, 902
Value
1,000
marks
20, 607
9,510
12, 649
11,606
11, 167
15, 532
21, 279
19,647
23,639
21, 573
Dollars
4, 908, 587
2, 265, 282
3, 012, 992
2, 764, 549
2, 659, 979
3, 699, 722
5, 068, 658
4, 679, 915
5, 630, 810
5, 138, 689>
Indigo
Year
Quantity
Value
Tons Pounds
1,000
marks
Dollars
1880
1885 .
1890 .
1895 .
1900
1,873
11, 165
17, 564
21.618
24,827
33, 353
4, 129, 216
24, 614, 359
38, 721, 594
47, 659, 043
54, 733, 604
73, 530, 024
9,364
25, 721
39, 613
41,830
45, 216
53,323
2, 230, 505
1905
6, 126, 742
1910
9, 435, 817
1911
9, 963, 906
1912.
10, 770, 451
1913
12, 701, 539
Ullmann Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie, vol. 5, p. 299.
Table 27. — Germany: Imports of coal-tar dyes, by groups, 1928
Pounds
Value
(1913
basis)
'
Pounds
Value
(1913
basis)
Aniline and other not spe-
cially mentioned coal-tar
dyes, sulphur colors:
183, 864
255, 954
Alizarin (red) and alizarine
colors (variegated) from
8,598
18, 078
1,190
Indigo, natural and synthetic.
Indigo carmine, color lakes
and blues of indigo and in-
13, 090
Total
439, 818
$109, 242
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 133
Table 28. — Germany: Exports of coal-tar dyes, by countries, 1923
Exported to —
Aniline and
other not
specially
mentioned
coal-tar
dyes, sul-
phur colors
Alizarin;
alizarine
red
Alizarin
dyes, varie-
gated, from
anthracene
Indigo,
natural
and
artificial
Indigo,
carmine
color
lakes, and
new blue
of indigo
Pounds
37, 699
513, 892
598, 990
26, 014
242, 506
959, 883
2, 699, 974
2, 053, 585
333, 336
1, 313, 721
445, 109
3, 195, 127
533,954
2, 491, 198
253, 529
539, 466
827, 607
2, 619, 065
156, 527
187,611
532, 190
169, 754
566, 582
1, 586, 430
2, 457, 027
1, 014, 336
253, 749
123, 237
6, 379, 451
16,916,116
8, 668, 046
496, 917
537, 702
964, 513
751, 107
192, 462
98, 546
623, 461
76, 059
824, 300
263, 670
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
59, 304
65, 918
78, 925
Iralv
472, 887
80,247
13, 669
162, 038
43, 872
17, 857
West Poland
16, 755
Egypt... .
69, 445
234, 349
6, 146, 645
329, 367
147, 047
28, 659
344, 359
572, 755
26, 014
96, 561
46, 076
Chile
83,334
388, 671
Other countries
199, 516
492, 508
56, 879
Total...
63, 700, 815
589, 951
1, 385, 151
8, 195, 160
103, 395
Value, 1923 basis
$34, 223, 210
15, 197, 966
$258, 230
96, 866
$813, 008
373, 898
$6, 199, 900
1, 415, 624
$86, 394
Value, 1913 basis
41, 174
The British Dye Industry
Great Britain's pre-war position. — As stated in the Census of 1922,
the consumption of dyes in Great Britain prior to the war has been
estimated at about 20,000 tons. In 1913 the total imports of
coal-tar dyes were 41,203,008 pounds, with a value of $9,207,684.
In 1907, as reported by the First Census of Production of the United
Kingdom, the production was 139,000 hundredweight (15,568,000
pounds), valued at £373,000 ($1,855,204). It is estimated that the
134 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
British production of dyes before the war was somewhat over
one-tenth of the consumption. In the manufacture of alizarin and
sulphur black, British dye producers before the war held a notable
position, as they entered into national conventions in regard to these
products dominated by German influence. A limited variety of acid,
direct, basic, sulphur, and some other of the simpler dyes were pro-
duced in that period. In 1913 the exports of dyes totaled 5,451,376
pounds, with a value of $862,566. The United States was the prin-
cipal consumer, taking 33 per cent by weight and value, followed by
Italy with 11.4 per cent by weight and 9.4 per cent by value, while
Germany took 7.3 per cent by quantity and 11.5 per cent by value.
Of the total British exports 27 per cent by weight and 23 per cent by
value was shipped to British possessions. British India was the
principal consumer among the dominions, taking in the fiscal year
ended March, 1914, a total of 1,070,047 pounds, valued at $153,286,
subdivided as follows: Alizarin dyes, 963,698 pounds, value $114,660;
aniline dyes, 102,869 pounds, value $37,409; all other, 4,480 pounds,
value $1,217.
Developments since the war. — Expansion in the dye industry of Great
Britain from 1916 to 1920 resulted in the production of many colors
in excess of the home requirements. In 1920, a year of world-wide
business boom, before the reappearance of German dyes in the world
markets, exports reached a total of 13,791,680 pounds, with a
value of $9,385,429. This is 153 per cent greater by quantity and
nearly 100 per cent greater by value than the 1913 export figures.
Since 1920 exports have shown an annual decline, the total for 1921
being 7,621,600 pounds, valued at $5,033,828, and for 1922, 3,860,416
pounds, valued at $2,300,298. In 1923, however, as the result of the
Ruhr occupation, exports rose sharply to 14,132,944 pounds, valued
at $4,719,924.
The year 1920 was probably the year of maximum production.
The production of the British Dyestuffs Corporation was reported at
about 16,000 2 tons. As this concern is stated to have produced
about three-fourths of the total output, it would appear that the
total production during that year was nearly 45,000,000 pounds. More
recently, it has been reported that this concern produces about one-
half of the total production. The total production of Great Britain 3
in 1922 is reported to have approximated 21,000,000 pounds, of which
vat dyes exceeded 180,000 pounds and indigo 1,000,000 pounds. As
the result of post-war developments in particular, the British dye
industry (19 producers) is able to supply approximately eight-tenths
of the home requirements, including an excellent variety of the vat
dyes, with production fairly well balanced in the other classes.
Conditions in 1923. 4 — Although the continued trade depression
in Great Britain has affected the demand for dyes, the year 1923
was a better year for the industry than 1922. In certain groups of
dyes there was a decided improvement. The increased repair work
by the railroads stimulated the consumption of paints and allied
products and consequently increased the demand for color-lake dyes.
> Report on Dyes and Dyestuffs, subcommittee appointed by the Standing Committee on Trusts,,
printed and published by His Majesty's stationery office, London, 1921.
3 U. S. Department of Commerce, Trade Information Bulletin No. 231.
* The Dyestuffs Industry in 1923, Sir William Alexander, The Chemical Age, Dec. 29, 1923.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TEADE 135
The high price of cotton, however, has been an adverse factor in the
improvement of the cotton manufacturing industry, and normal
conditions in the dye industry can not be looked for until the cotton
trade is itself in a more active state. The political situation in
Germany and the occupation of the Ruhr by the French seriously
interfered with the export of British dyes. On the other hand, the
reduction in the available supply of German dyes for the world's
markets was reflected in an increased demand for dyes of British
manufacture. The official figures of exports of coal-tar dyes in Great
Britain show that in 1923 they totaled 14,132,914 pounds, with a
value of $4, 719, 924, as against 1922 figures of 3,860,416 pounds,
valued at $2,300,298.
British dye firms have devoted much attention to quality and
standard of production. It has been stated that " the general level of
quality of British makers' production is equal to that of the best
continental manufacturers."
The more important gaps in the range of British-made dyes are being
rapidly reduced, about a score of dyes not previously manufactured
in Great Britain being placed on the market in 1923. Among Great
Britain's contributions to the range of existing dyes are the Caledon
Jade-greens of the Scottish Dyes, Limited, and the Cettutyl series of
the British Dyestuffs Corporation, used for Celanese silk. Owing to
the general business depression in Great Britain, with consequent
intermittent production, the maximum reduction in the costs of
producing coal-tar dyes is not yet attainable. The great importance
of reduced production costs is fully realized by. the dye makers.
It is reported that the 1923 trading* 5 profits of the British Dyestuffs
Corporation amounted to £251,423, as compared with £102,657
for 1922. The debit balance of £700,699 was reduced to £449,276.
Anglo-German negotiations. — Negotiations for a working ar-
rangement between the British Dyes Corporation and the I. G.
were carried on during 1922 and 1923. Up to July, 1924, no agree-
ment had been concluded. Details of the proposals were not officially
announced until April 8, 1924, when Sir William Alexander, Chair-
man and Managing Director of the British Dyes Corporation, speak-
ing at the fifth annual meeting of the concern, summarized the
negotiations and the replies to some of the principal criticisms of
the proposed arrangement. The statement of Sir William Alexander
is, in part, as follows:
"I now pass to a subject which has caused discussion and criticism
in many quarters recently — namely, the negotiations which have
been proceeding for the conclusion of a working agreement between
your corporation and the Association of German Dyestuffs Manu-
facturers, generally known as the Interessen Gemeinschaft, or I. G.
At the ordinary general meeting held in 1922 I told you that in-
formal negotiations between ourselves and the I. G. had been pro-
ceeding, and that whilst we would welcome an arrangement it must
leave inviolate the principles upon which your undertaking was
founded; namely, the establishment of a dye-making industry in this
country adequate to our needs both in peace and in war.
"At that time the I. G. did not see their way clear to make or accept
proposals consistent with this principle, chiefly, in my opinion,
6 Chemical Trade Journal and Chemical Engineer, Apr. 4, 1924, p. 419.
136 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
because they were not convinced that this country was really deter-
mined to maintain the Dyestuffs (Import Regulations) Act, and
also because at that time they had not sufficient proof that we could
manufacture quality for quality as regularly and as well as them-
selves. At the end of last year negotiations were reopened, and it
was found possible to agree on certain heads which, if incorporated
in a document in legal form, might form the basis of a contract which
your directors could recommend their shareholders to accept.
"During the extended negotiations modifications have been made
from time to time in the form of the proposals, following suggestions
which have been made to us and criticisms which have reached us
from many directions.
"I would remind the shareholders that in a matter of such national
and international importance as the conclusion of an agreement
between your undertaking and the great German combine, the
Government, under the articles of association, has the final and
decisive voice. Until the Government has indicated at least its
general approval of the lines on which we have proceeded, it is im-
possible to enter into details. In any event, the board would not
venture to submit a scheme for the approval of shareholders which
did not safeguard the interests of the undertaking both from a
national and from a shareholders' point of view.
"Reply to Criticisms. — It is said that pressure would be exerted on
the score of cost of production to concentrate production in Germany
as far as possible, with diminution of the output of the corporation's
factories. We are sure that with our natural resources in raw mate-
rials we should be able to manufacture with the assistance of the I. G.
as cheaply and efficiently as they themselves, and the whole spirit
of the negotiations is against any diminution in the output of the
corporation's factories, and is even in favor of an increased produc-
tion.
"We have taken our stand on the principles enunciated two years
ago with regard to the objects for which the corporation was formed,
namely, to "concentrate, extend, and expedite the manufacture of
synthetic dyestuffs and colors in this country."
"There are those who think that acceptance of the contract would
curtail or eliminate research from our activities, since it may be
cheaper and easier to take the results of research ready-made from
the I. G. I wish to declare categorically that there is not the slightest
intention of diminishing the activities of our research department,
and in the preamble to the agreement we propose to state that it is
essential that research in organic chemistry and its application to
industry must be continued and developed in this country. The
establishment and development of the industry in this country is a
fundamental condition of any arrangement. In the past the efforts
of the research department have been mainly expended in improving
existing processes, in cheapening costs, and in developing manufactur-
ing recipes for dyestuffs already known to the I. G. Continuous
pressure from consumers for lower prices and a wider range of dye-
stuffs has forced us in that direction, but with all further technical
information readily forthcoming from the I. G. on dyestuffs which
are already known, our research department should be free to enter
upon entirely new fields of investigation. Our works chemists
would have the freest access to German plants and methods.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
137
"There was a fear that a contract might be concluded which would
close the free access of dyestuff consumers in this country to German
sources of supply with the advantages which that access confers in
the way of technical assistance in dyeing problems, information
regarding new developments, and in other ways. The proposals,
as originally drafted, provided that the I. G. should retire so far as
selling is concerned from the British market. To meet the views
of users, the proposed arrangement has been modified to permit their
obtaining German dyestuffs in any way they please, subject, of course,
to any legislative restrictions.
"Anticipated benefits. — We believe that, if we are able to bring our
negotiations to a satisfactory conclusion, they will result in an expan-
sion of our range of dyestuffs to a point where the quality, quantity,
variety, and price would guarantee the British consumer all the secur-
ity he could reasonably ask for. We are also of opinion that not
only would the arrangement secure a national industry for peace-
time requirements, but would provide the nation with an equipped
and trained personnel as a most valuable contribution to our defenses
in time of peril. Increased output by securing a greater share of
British and overseas requirements will mean more employment for
workmen and chemists and a reasonable return on their investments
to the shareholders who have invested capital, many from patriotic
motives, in this young industry."
The general terms of the proposed agreement are understood to be
as follows : 6
1. The British Dyestuffs Corporation shall have a monopoly of
the British market and a percentage share of foreign and colonial
markets.
2. It shall be able to draw upon the I. G. for personnel and infor-
mation as to manufacturing and technical processes on lines similar
to those adopted between the I. G. and a corresponding French firm.
3. In return the I. G. shall receive one-half of the profits of the
British Dyestuffs Corporation.
4. The British Dyestuffs Corporation shall offer users of dyes a
guaranty that such dyes as it continues to import into this country
shall not be sold at a higher price than is obtained abroad.
5. There will be no more reparation deliveries of dyestuffs.
Statistics of imports and exports. — The following tables show the
trade of the United Kingdom in coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923:
Table 29. — The United Kingdom: Imports of coal-tar
dyes, 1922
1922
Imported from —
1922
Imported from —
Pounds Value
Pounds Value
Alizarin:
Germany
1 274,224
$265, 994
2,205
208
Other coal-tar dyes— Con.
1,680 ' $1,634
1,120
27,325 1 49,880
Switzerland
1,894.369 ! 3,546,746
16, 800 6, 187
7, 729 i 10, 150
25, 648 18, 565
Total..
Synthetic indigo:
Germany
Other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
1, 275, 344
572, 768
268, 407
13, 321
Other foreign coun-
British possessions... .
2, 628, 529
1, 958, 269
Total.
4,602,080 5,591,431
6 United States Department of Commerce, Chemical Division, Trade Information Bulletin No. 231.
1760— 24f 10
138
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 30. — The United Kingdom: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922
Exported to—
Alizarin:
Java
France .
United States ...
Brazil
Other foreign countries
Total to foreign countries.
Pounds Value
33, 936
47, 264
33,824
448
6,160
$10, 536
27, 068
19, 672
877
939
British India. - | 698,208
Other British possessions .
Total British possessions
Indigo, synthetic:
Spain....
China 1
Other foreign countries
Total foreign countries...
Australia
Other British possessions..
Total British possessions-
Total
Other sorts:
Russia..
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands.
Belgium
France
Switzerland..
Portugal
121, 632
59, 092
698, 208
9,520
184, 272
7,352
707, 728
191, 624
829, 360
250, 716
560
9,408
1,680
$159
5,169
850
11, 648
6,178
52, 416
448
22, 502
266
52, 864
22, 768
64, 512
28, 946
560
50,624
49, 168
32, 368
13,328
208, 208
137, 648
106, 624
310, 128
18, 032
979
40, 602
44,038
15, 336
10, 956
133, 378
89, 999
67, 896
125, 672
9,832
Exported to —
Other sorts— Continued.
Spain
Italy
China a
Japan '..
United States
Brazil.
Other foreign countries.
Total foreign coun-
tries
Egypt.
Union of South Africa .
British India-
Bombay (includ-
ing Karachi)
Madras
Bengal, Assam, Bihar,
and Orissa
Burmah
Hongkong.
Australia —
Western Australia.
South Australia
(including north-
ern territory)
Victoria
New South Wales.
Queensland
Tasmania
New Zealand
Canada..
Other British posses-
sions.
Total British posses-
sions
Total.
Pounds Value
77, 056
22, 064
70,000
3,696
180, 656
83, 552
50,400
1,414,112
8,512
127, 456
261, 408
46,144
28,672
3,696
9,072
2,912
17, 136
389, 424
204,512
27,552
224
125, 664
255, 920
44,128
1, 552, 432
2, 966, 544
$39. 264
7,002
43,312
4,960
126, 651
31,917
33, 910
825,704
7,657
101, 638
$132, 992
24,765
23,237
3,481
11,444
3, 118
9,818
394, 008
190, 459
12, 595
323
99, 476
146, 730
33, 193
1,194,934
2, 020, 638
1 Exclusive of Hongkong, Macao, and leased territories.
2 Including Formosa and Japanese leased territories in China.
Table 31. — The United Kingdom: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922, 1923
1922
Pounds
Value
1923
Pounds
Value
Imports:
Alizarin
Indigo, synthetic
Others
Exports.. _
1, 275, 344
572, 768
4, 602, 080
3, 860, 416
$268, 407
13, 321
5, 591, 432
2, 300, 298
941, 808
926, 688
4, 421, 088
14, 132, 944
$332, 809
60, 573
4, 197, 656
4, 719, 924
Exchange values: £, year, 1922 =$4. 42865; £, year, 1923=$4.5740.
The Swiss Dye Industry
Prior to the war the Swiss dye industry, notwithstanding the
absence of raw materials, ranked second to that of Germany, produc-
ing about 7 per cent of the total world's output, the value of dye ex-
ports in 1913 from Switzerland exceeding one-tenth of the total
value of the products exported from Germany. The raw materials
were formerly imported almost entirely from Germany. During and
since the war these materials have been imported from Great Britain,
the United States, France, Italy, Poland, and more recently from
Germany.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
139
The absence of German dyes from the world's markets during
and immediately after the war resulted in a period of unprecedented
prosperity for Swiss dye manufacturers. In 1920 the exports of
Swiss dyes totaled 23,739,793 pounds, with a value of $35,411,115 —
over six times that of the pre-war year 1913.
The three leading dye producers of Switzerland located in Basel,
namely, Die Gesellschaf t f iir Chemische Industrie (known as " Ciba"),
Die Chemische Fabrik, vormals Sandoz, and the J. R. Geigy Co.,
formed a union of interests ("Interessen Gemeinschaft") similar to
that of the German dye producers. A significant development among
the Swiss dye manufacturers is the establishment and operation of
their branch plants in foreign countries. In the United States,
the branch plants are the Cincinnati Chemical Works, at Norwood
and St. Bernard, Ohio; in Great Britain, the Clayton Aniline Co.
(Ltd.), at Clayton, near Manchester; in Italy, the Fabbrica Lom-
barda Colori D'Anilina and the Felli Co. (successors of Fisher and
Hunold) are understood to be connected with the Swiss manufac-
turers; in France, the Swiss manufacturers are similarly reported
to have branch plants. Prior to the war, the Society of the Chemi-
cal Industry of Basel had a branch plant at St. Fous, and the J. R.
Geigy Co., of Basel, operated a branch at Maronne, near Rouen.
Although the new dye-producing nations — Great Britain, the United
States, France, and Italy — have adopted tariff and other protective
measures which have resulted in a diminution of dye exports from
Switzerland, the Swiss industry has been able, through the branch
plants operated in those countries, to cater to their dye require-
ments to an extent beyond that indicated merely by the imports
originating directly in Switzerland.
Statistics of imports and exports. — The following tables show the
extent of Switzerland's trade in coal-tar dyes in 1923:
Table 32. — Switzerland: Imports and
exports of coal-tar dyes, 1923
Aniline and other coal-
tar dyes
Indigo, indigo solution
Alizarin, synthetic
Pounds
Value
Pounds Value
Pounds
Value
IMPORTS
1, 456, 579
882
17, 416
23, 148
9,700
2,205
$792, 834
903
18, 241
18, 782
4,696
2,348
22, 046
441
201, 280
$9, 030
181
84, 882
243, 167
$40, 093
3,307
2,528
Italy
Total
1, 509, 930
837, 804
223, 767
94, 093
246, 474
42.621
EXPORTS
49,824
116, 182
38, 829
105. 832
121,253
6,393
128, 528
34, 856
6, 502
38. 107
1,925,498 1.936.574
Italy
537, 481
953, 269
258, 820
1,308,871
104, 498
108, 246
176, 368
36, 155
517, 640
94, 798
114, 198
681, 883
15,873
15, 432
568, 168
521, 392
234, 780
1,713,352
167,416
85. 604
175, 543
39,371
469,741-
77, 658
131.116
515, 794
23, 839
13, 364
73, 854 22. 214
Holland
90, 830
23, 117
13, 669
16, 796
7,937
10, 114
Finland..
1
Greece
'
140 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 32. — Switzerland: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1923 — Contd.
Aniline and other coal-
tar dyes
Indigo, indigo solution
Alizarin, synthetic
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
exports— continued
29, 983
22, 707
11,464
$19,866
19, 686
27. 090
22, 487
tpOj OJtt
Egypt
20,282 1 18,421
2,646 1 3,973
219, 578 J 155, 677
65,036 | 63,932
100,971 i 82,895
654,546 j 653,591
189,816 i 161,456
837, 968 1, 063, 734
93, 696 93, 190
150,133 . 210,941
7,937 1 6,682
103, 175 i 87, 952
18, 739 19, 144
268, 079
8,157
33, 510
214,948
7, 085, 364
573, 857
95, 718
6,682
14, 448
57, 250
1,806,903
558, 596
1
1 1 1
1
1
Chile „i_
4,409
62, 831
3, 070
21, 130
Other
23, 148 26, 006
Total -.
9, 566, 861* , 9, 532, 609
8, 716, 106
2,721,102
Converted from francs to dollars on the basis of 1 franc =$0. 1806— the annual average for 1923.
The French Dye Industry
In the commission's report in 1922 7 the French dye industry
for the following periods was considered:
Dye production in France, immediately prior to the war.
Developments during and after the war, together with the pro-
duction figures for the years 1919, 1920, 1921, and part of 1922.
Merger of Kuhlmann and Compagnie Nationale. — The merger of
"Etablissements Kuhlmann" and the "Compagnie Nationale de
Matieres Colorantes et de Produits Chimiques'' on December 27,
1923, is probably the most significant event of that year in the
French chemical industry, involving as it did a consolidation of
organic and inorganic chemical undertakings. The new firm is
known as " Compagnie Nationale de Matieres Colorantes et Manu-
factures de Produits Chimiques du Nord Reunies."
The merger is expected to result in administrative and sales
economy, reduction of overhead, the avoidance of duplication in
manufacture, and the union of technical staffs. The new firm will
produce a diversity of organic and inorganic products, affording
added stability and security in times of crisis.
The financial advantages are conspicuous, as the Compagnie
Nationale, while possessing an excellent technical staff, had not
established itself on a solid financial basis. The Kuhlmann is in a
strong financial position and has a century-long tradition of good
administration. The nominal capital of the Etablissements Kuhl-
mann will be increased to 150,000,000 francs by an issue of 50,000,000
francs of new shares having a par value of 250 francs each. The
shares of the Compagnie Nationale de Matieres Colorantes will be
exchanged share for share for the new Kuhlmann stock, dated as of
t U. S. Tariff Commission, Census of Byes and Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals, p. 134.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
141
January 1, 1924, and will receive an exchange settlement of 25
francs per share. This settlement will largely cover the tax applying
to the operation of fusing the two companies.
The new concern produces a variety of products, including mineral
acids, phosphate, nitrogen fertilizer, raw materials for the glass
industry, ice plants, and the tanning industry; fungicides, dyes,
pharmaceutical and other organic chemicals.
The Etablissements Kuhlmann manufactures mineral acids and
has already produced certain intermediates at La Madeleine-lez-
Lille plant. Intermediates will continue to be made at Oissel, with
the exception of a few products consuming a large amount of acid
to be drawn from La Madeleine plant. Dye manufacture will
remain centralized in large works developed by the Compagnie
Nationale at Villers-Saint-Paul.
The Compagnie Nationale de Matieres Colorantes et de Produits
Chimiques was formed in 1916 with the support of the Government
and the cooperation of many French industrial and financial interests.
It had originally a capital of 40,000,000 francs, increased in 1919
to 71,000,000 on its fusion with the Societe de Produits CLimiques
et Colorantes Francais. In 1921 the capital was inerea-ed to
100,000,000 francs. The rapid development of this concern enabled
it to supply a large part of French dye requirements, attention being
first given to the bulk colors and later to some of the specialties.
Statistics of production, imports, and exports. — The following table,
taken from an advertisement of the Compagnie Nationale of France,
shows for the years 1918-1922 its production of 20-per cent indigo
paste and of other coal-tar colors.
Indigo paste, 20-per cent, pounds .
Other dyes, pounds
1918
33, 415
16, 627
1920
1,119,381
695, 364
6, 537, 521
3, 440, 931
5, 812, 428
2, 667, 204
3, 039, 041
5, 986, 624
Table 33. — France: Dye production 1 (pounds), 1920-1923
Year
Azo dyes
Indigo
and sul-
phonated
deriva-
tives
Sulphur
dyes
Diphenyl 1 Alizarin
and j and other
triphenyl j oxyke-
methane . tone
Indo-
and nea
thiazines
Total
1920
4, 975, 782
4, 204, 172
7, 881, 445
11,296,370
6,571,913
5, 839, 985
3,075,417
4, 700, 207
3, 452, 404
1, 814, 386
3, 769, 866
5, 024, 283
141,094 19,841
403,442 i 211,642
1,234,576 ! 731,927
1,483,696 570,991
19,841
136, 685
191,800
145, 504
374, 782
328, 485
897, 272
959, 001
15, 555, 657
1921
12, 938, 797
1922
17, 782, 303
1923
24, 180, 052
I L'Industrie Chimique, April, 1924. Does not include data for Swiss plant at St. Fous.
142
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 34. — France: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923
IMPORTS
1922
1923
Class
Dry
Paste
Dry
Paste
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
4,189
2,646
121,694
58, 201
784, 838
1, 165, 352
34, 612
172, 841
550, 930
86, 200
35, 935
12, 566
406, 087
44, 753
57, 320
19, 841
38, 581
12, 566
$2, 458
2,704
165, 744
50, 223
■568, 676
916, 961
40,064
133, 382
241, 530
92, 253
• 82,585
27, 856
603, 169
86, 764
83, 241
22, 695
34, 820
12, 044
441
$328
4,630
1,984
133, 819
41, 887
447, 313
517, 199
22, 707
118, 607
304, 896
76, 720
24, 030
24,912
425, 047
54, 013
130, 512
6,834
168, 652
28, 219
$4, 188
1,093
118,729
34, 296
287, 293
438, 558
31, 868
84, 677
390, 908
46, 375
55, 176
49, 895
456, 343
85, 587
188, 109
6,616
279, 402
38, 787
Nitro
220
82
27, 998
20, 062
9,258
4,015
12, 125
2,425
441
9,039
104, 719
5,291
661
441
441
$6, 374
2,064
364
2,125
91, 270
14, 991
35, 803
3,277
82
246
574
92, 810
1,275
304
441
220
61
Diphenylmetbane
243
Hydroquinones
68, 343
7,275
98, 766
25, 573
27, 938
5,080
40, 228
28, 594
75, 838
1,323
236, 554
41, 226
33, 749
1,093
Insoluble vat colors
other than indigo
221, 069
26, 769
Total
3, 609, 152
3, 167, 169
355, 600
155, 505
2, 531. 981
2, 597, 900
490, 524
388, 300
EXPORTS
1922
1923
Class
Dry
Paste
Dry
Paste
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
39, 903
441
882
220
4,850
1,102
$19, 581
328
655
164
1,884
492
9,480
441
2,866
$1, 639
164
819
120, 151
18, 078
661
19,400
34, 392
326, 060
1,984
8,157
9,480
8,818
658, 294
18, 960
1, 990, 313
$47, 164
8, 984
304
8,377
10, 805
128, 016
1,578
1,700
8,255
6,313
1, 346, 690
29, 075
1, 526, 726
2,425
$364
220
882
61
1,323
220
328
82
243
12, 787
7,496
2.646
48, 060
882
655, 648
3,359
8,111
2,294
122, 567
1,475
628, 731
1,323
246
1,323
486
441
246
1,984
27, 337
220
798, 065
268, 079
2,425
661
668
Diphenylmethane
69, 665
31, 133
9,773
3,086
188, 714
18, 078
4,916
150, .751
26, 381
5,952
143, 299
31, 746
1,966
76, 686
9,422
4,409
185, 848
141, 756
5,645
118, 790
164, 801
208, 747
114, 784
Insoluble vat colors
other than indigo
607
486
Total
984, 795
971, 689
266, 756
122, 731
3, 546, 761
3, 413, 223
1, 103, 621
336, 219
Exchange rate, 1922, 1, 000 francs=
Exchange rate, 1923, 1,000 francs =
$81.93.
$60.70.
The Italian Dye Industry
Pre-war production.— Prior to the war the production of dyes in
Italy was practically negligible, the country's requirements being
mostly imported from Germany. On account of the lack of coal,
Italy, like Switzerland, is very largely dependent upon imported raw
materials although having a limited output of crudes, together with
sulphur and salt and the advantage of electrolytic development for
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 143
the manufacture of chlorine and caustic soda. The sulphur dye
named Italian Green was manufactured by Lepetit & Dollgus be-
fore the war, and some dyes, including sulphur Mack, were made
from imported intermediates. The sulphur black was made in small
quantities in 1908 by Rinalso Ghisotti, at Turro; this plant was
later acquired by A. Bonneti, who produced aniline. The company
which is now known as Societa Chimica Lombarda, A. E. Bianchi
Company of Rho (Milan), began to manufacture sulphur black in
1913.
Post-war developments. — The Bianchi firm, on the outbreak of the
war, began the manufacture of explosives and particularly of dinitro-
phenol; they increased their output of sulphur black and started
the production of certain azo dyes. In 1923 the output of dyes by
this firm was about 5 tons per day and they are to-day one of the
larger producers. The concern has an agreement with the Cassella
Works, of Frankfort, and imports some of its intermediates from
Germany. In 1914, Dellapiane & Co. began the production of sulphur
black and in 1915 produced other sulphur dyes. The plant was
moved to Rho in 1916, and in 1918 was reorganized under the name
Societa Italica Colori Artificiali (Italica). It now produces many
azo dyes, including direct dyes for cotton and a number of basic
dyes, together with a wide range of sulphur colors. All these dyes
are said to be produced from intermediates manufactured at the
plant. In 1916 this firm had only four chemists, but in 1923 had
28, and its daily output of dyes in the latter year was about 5,000
kilos (11,000 pounds).
The Botelli Company, of Madonna di Campagna (Turin), began
the production of sulphur black during the war. In 1919 the firm
amalgamated with the Fabrique de Produits Chimiques, the Rohner
Company, of Isvizzera, and the new concern is now producing
intermediates for azo dyes, chrome colors, etc. The Schiapparelli
concern, of Turin, produces aniline oil and sulphur black, and the
Ledogia firm at Garessio manufactures sulphur colors.
The plant of the Societa Italiana Prodotti Esplodente (known as
"S. I. P. E."), more particularly designed for the manufacture of
explosives, was later diverted to the manufacture of synthetic dyes.
The company produces at its Cengio (Liguria) works large quantities
of aniline oil and other intermediates and is reported to be connected
with the Societa Italica Colori Artificiali.
During the war, the Industria Nazionali Colori de Anilina (known
as "I. N. C. A.") produced dinitrophenol, and in 1916 acquired
licenses for operating a number of patents owned by Levinstein's
Limited, of Great Britain; in 1919 it began the production of sul-
phur dyes, direct cotton dyes, and acid dyes. In 1923 it produced
1,600 tons of sulphur black and 200 tons of other colors.
The Fabbriche Italiane Materie Coloranti Bonelli, organized dur-
ing the war for the manufacture of munitions, especially dinitro-
phenol, erected in the immediate post-war period a large electrolytic
alkali plant and began the production of dyes. At present it is one
of the largest dye producers in Italy. Among other firms may be
mentioned the Fabbrica Lombarda Colori Anilina ("I. P. C. A."),
which, following a commercial agreement with the Swiss manufac-
turers, Sandoz & Co.. began the production of sulphur black and a
few direct cotton colors at its Bovisa (Milan) works.
144
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
The Industria Piedmontese Colori di Anilina produces sulphur
blacks and direct cotton dyes, but does not manufacture intermediates.
Felli & Co. (successors of Fisher & Hunold) began, during the
war, the production of aniline oil, dinitrophenol, betanaphthol, and
sulphur black. They ceased operations after the war, but have since
resumed activities with the help of the Ciba Co., of Switzerland.
Production,* 1918-1922. — In 1918 the total Italian production of
synthetic dyes was about 10,000 quintals (2,204,600 pounds), almost
entirely sulphur dyes. In 1922 the production was about 50,000
quintals (11,023,000 pounds), of which about 39,000 quintals
(8,597,940 pounds) were sulphur dyes.
According to Professor Poma, 9 in his paper of June, 1923, the
present production in Italy of dyes is about 2,000,000 kilograms
(4,409,200 pounds) of sulphur black and 200,000 kilograms (440,921
pounds) of other sulphur colors. The production of azo and basic
dyes totals about 2,000,000 kilos (4,409,200 pounds), making a
total of 4,200,000 kilos (9,259,300 pounds). Among the basic dyes
produced in Italy are: Methyl violet, Methylene blue, Vesuvine,
Chrysoidine, and Malachite green.
In 1922 the Cesana Maderno works began the construction of a
large indigo plant, but the work was suspended. No attempt has
been made to manufacture anthraquinone vat dyes in Italy.
Table 35. — Italy: Production of coal-tar dyes, 1918-1922
[Department of Commerce: Trade Information Bulletin No. 234]
Dyes
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
Pounds
2, 190, 776
16, 530
Pounds
8, 139, 372
606, 100
Pounds
3, 438, 240
1, 020, 452
Pounds
6, 362, 948
1, 556, 024
Pou nds
8, 485, 40ft
2, 327, 424
Table 36. — Italy: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922, and first nine months
of 1928
1922
First 9 months, 1923
Pounds Value Pounds Value
IMPORTS
Sulphur dyes
German reparation '..
Other colors:
In dry state or with less than 50 per cent water
German reparation
In paste or liquid with 50 per cent or more of water.
German reparation.
EXPORTS
Sulphur dyes
Other colors:
In dry state or with less than 50 per cent of water..
In paste or liquid with 50 per cent or more of water
274, 032
31, 967
3, 214, 968
1, 389, 559
329, 147
244, 711
38, 801
318, 565
15,212
$160, 089
2, 429, 087
162, 198
12, 163
231, 529
10, 558
413, 583
2, 162, 051
1, 764, 562
132, 937
392, 198
30,4^3
379, 853
22, 707
$216, 402'
1, 573, 672'
58. 43®
21, 660'
383, 713
12, 533
One quintal = 220.46 pounds. .
One lire, year 1922 = $0.04752.
One lire, January-September, inclusive, 1923 = $0.0466.
8 "The Italian DyestufTs Industry," Chemical Trade Journal, May 2, 1924, p. 530.
9 L'industria delle materie coloranti in Italia ed i nouori processi per la fabbricazione di taluni dei grandi
prodotti. Conferenza tenuta al Congresso Nazionale di Chimica; Rome, June, 1923.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
145
The Japanese Dye Industry
^Yar developments. — Previous to the outbreak of the World War,
Japan was largely dependent upon imports of synthetic coal-tar
colors from Germany. The exports of coal-tar dves from Germany
to Japan in 1913 were 9,744,333 pounds, valued at $3,453,900. In
view of the importance of her textile industries, Japan was seriously
affected by the shortage of dyes when German imports were cut on
at the beginning of the war. Although Japan has in its coal-gas
industry a domestic source of crude coal-tar materials, it is reported
that the Japanese production of coal tar is insufficient to supply
crudes for all the dyestuffs required. The nine gas and other
companies producing coal-tar products in 1918 are credited with an
output for that year of 5,415 tons of crudes, including 3,100 tons of
benzene; 590 tons of toluene; 40 tons of xylene; 125 tons of phenol;
1,400 tons of refined naphthalene, and 160 tons of crude anthracene.
With the encouragement of the Government, the dye industry devel-
oped so that more than 100 factories were engaged in that industry
during the war. There were large post-war imports of foreign dyes
and the manufacturers who have remained in business have had
to receive considerable aid from the Japanese Government.
Production. — Figures for 1918-1923 are given in the following table:
Table 37. — Japan: Production of coal-tar dyes, 1918-1923
[From "Chemical Trade Bulletin No. 24-B," and "Trade Information Bulletin No. 217," U. S. Depart-
ment of Commerce]
Class
1918
1919
1920
1921
1923
Pounds
923, 848
141, 685
409, 994
153. 478
53. 182
106
7, 353, 034
2, 746, 897
Pounds
557, 575
205, 474
324, 231
Pounds
276, 861
144, 632
364, 360
86, 003
13, 508
265
6, 659, 532
471,718
Pounds
396, 660
119,113
463, 227
170, 034
9, 205
96, 442
10, 585, 063
766, 708
Pounds
628, 026
Acid
242. 204
Basic... . _
264, 377
13,546
4,802
Vat.
3,144
Sulphur
14, 130, 935
1, 250, 063
11, 296, 931
Miscellaneous
1, 004, 705
Total
11,782,224
16, 468, 278
8, 016, 879
12, 606, 452
13, 457, 735
The tendency in Japan to-day is to import the more expensive
dyes and to manufacture the cheaper colors. As may be seen from
the above table, sulphur colors form the bulk of the requirements
of the domestic market. Sulphur black in large quantities, as well
as smaller amounts of the other sulphur colors, are used for dyeing
cotton fabrics to be made into garments. In addition to the manu-
facture of sulphur colors the Japanese manufacturers have success-
fully produced direct colors, among which may be mentioned Benzo
fast red A; Congo red; Benzo purpurine; Chrysophenine yellow;
Direct black and Direct blue; basic dyes, such as Methylene blue;
Methyl violet, and Rhodamine B ; also some acid dyes and alizarines.
It is reported that only two dye factories are now operating on a
large scale in Japan — the Japan Dye Manufacturing Co., Osaka,
and the Mitsui Mining Co.
Imports, 1920-1923. — Since 1918 there has been a steady increase
in the quantity of foreign dyes imported. The present duty (May,
1924) on natural indigo dry is $12.69 per 100 pounds; on natural
146
UNITED STATES TAKIFF COMMISSION
indigo paste 20 per cent ad valorem. The duty on artificial indigo
is 20 per cent ad valorem, and on other coal-tar dyes 35 per cent
ad valorem. Germany has made a strong effort to capture this
market and in 1921 was the leading exporter; on the other hand,
imports of dyes from the United States have more or less steadily
declined until, in 1923, they amounted to less than 4 per cent of the
total.
Table 38. — Japan: Imports of coal-tar dyes, by classes, 1920, 1921, 1922, and
first six months of 1923
Class
1920
Pounds I Value
Pounds Value
1922
Pounds Value
1923 (6 months)
Pounds Value
Indigo, dry natural
Indigo, artificial
Aniline dyes
Other coal-tar dyes.
1, 915, 515 $3,940,086 1, 186, 765 $1,611,763
480, 864 1, 237, 374 2, 174, 319 3, 374, 973
4, 330, 2997, 457, 798 5, 461, 901 6, 262, 283
114,074 273,911 116,576 221,551
375, 115
3, 175, 726
8, 999, 886
351, 205
$392, 258 49, 851
2, 498, 463 1, 537, 131
6, 198, 386' 5, 745, 564
328, 374| 51, 720
$34, 164
992, 115
2, 807, 693
48, 720
Table 39. — Japan: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and first six months of 1923
Imports from —
1922
1923 (6 months)
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
39, 551
73, 401
8, 264, 733
154, 518
796, 093
22, 795
$26, 201
59, 413
5, 946, 265
126, 839
353, 203
14, 837
32, 032
74, 098
4, 983, 203
336, 726
338, 428
32, 798
$21, 087
52, 330
Germany
2, 416, 377
237, 560
107, 133
21, 925
Total
9, 351, 091
6, 526, 760
5, 797, 284
2, 856, 413
One kin. = 1.32277 pounds avoidupois.
Exchange rate for yen, 1920=$0.50066.
Exchange rate for yen, 1921=$0.48154.
Exchange rate for yen, 1922=$0.47808.
Exchange rate for yen, 1923=$0.48745 first six months.
The Dye Trade of Other Countries
Table 40. — Argentina: Imports of coal-tar dyes i 1921 and 1922
1921
1922
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
919, 556
985
$322, 435
402
1, 043, 799
741
$401, 574
468
One gold peso, average, 1921 =$0.7290.
One gold peso, average, 1922=$0.81814.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
147
Table 41. — Austria: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1921, 1922, and first six
months of 1923
Germany
Switzerland
Czechoslovakia.
Hungary..
France
Great Britain...
Italy
Turkey
Netherlands
Poland
Jugoslavia
Rumania...
Other countries.
Imports
1921
Pounds
3, 405, 886
18, 298
6,393
1,323
441
220
1922
Pounds
Exports
1921
Pounds
6,834
220
46, 297
120, 592
220
3,527
Pounds
5.071
20, 723
88,404
75, 177
8,818
Total I 3,437,632
2, 760, 380
370, 812
179, 895
1923 (6 months)
Alizarin colors
Synthetic indigo
Other coal-tar colors
Country
Imports
Exports
Imports
Exports
Imports
Exports
Pounds
41,887
Pounds
Pounds
22,046
Pounds
5,512
Pounds
382, 939
Pounds
3,086
Italy
661
441
20, 062
4,189
15, 653
33, 510
220
7,055
1,323
661
14, 109
10, 803
2,866
3,307
20, 282
661
3,968
3,086
Total
46,076 | 3,086
48, 501
6, 173 I 427, 692
66, 799
$18, 639
$1,418
$10, 535
$1,621 ! $176,870
$23, 907
Table 42. — Belgium: Imports and exports of indigo, natural and artificial, 1922
and 1928
1922
1923
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Imported from—
5,922
3,053
$3, 239
5,689
8,285
$1, 699
185, 012
33, 403
2,317
699
Total
11,292
9,627
193. 297 | 35, 102
Exported to-
31, 753
25, 331
3,655
641
33, 737
7,531
Total
35, 408
25, 972
33,.737
7,531
One franc, average of year, 1922=$0.07676.
One franc, average of year, 1923=$0.0519.
148 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 43. — Brazil: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922
Aniline or fuchsine dyes
Indigo and ultramarine blue.
1922
Pounds
1, 541, 952
1, 142, 025
Value
$702. 835
248, 145
One milreis, paper, average of year, 1922=10.12935.
Table 44. — Canada: Imports of coal-tar dyes, fiscal year ended March 31, 1923
and 9 months ended December 31, 1923
Fiscal year ended
March 31, 1923
Nine, months ended
December 31, 1923
Pounds Value
Pounds
Value
Aniline and coal-tar dyes soluble in water, including
alizarin and artificial alizarin:
326,393 [ $166,179
1,974,555 ! 1,214,598
254,533 ; 358,288
338,251 1 238.508
202,786 : 183,026
207, 366
$100. 841
1,347,474 j 7S6.462
Germany .
509,964 1 354,245
193,158 | 155.046
142,930 1 115,195
142,270 i 67,050
88,043 76,667
4, 947 i 2, 139
Total ..
3,184,561 ; 2.237,265
2, 548, 109 ! 1, 580, 978
Indigo:
639
933
322 371
Total... -
639
933
322
371
Indigo, paste and extract:
54,691 ' 11,998
11,431 28,576
39,027 ; 8,387
85, 371
Germany...
43, 935
7,136
Total -
105, 149
48, 961
129, 306
23, 633-
Canadian dollar, average for year ended March 31. 1923=$0. 99137.
Canadian dollar, average April-December, inclusive. 1923=$0. 97791.
Table 45. — China: Imports of "dyes, colors, and paints" {aniline), 1921
Imported from—
Value
Hong Kong I $1,062,621
Macao .
French Indo-China. ..
Siam
Singapore, Straits, etc.
British India..
Great Britain
Sweden
Germany —
Netherlands
Belgium.
France.
Italy
21.777
1.132
225
129
4,847
190. 534
62. 668
2.576,611
791.310
570, 097
7.362
28, 907
Imported from—
Value
Switzerland
Austria and Hungary
Russia. Pacific Ports
Korea
Japan (including Formosa)
Philippine Islands
Canada
United States (including Hawaii)
Direct gross import
Reexported abroad
Total net import
$103,456
319
4*2
531, 951
281
881
520, 029
6, 476, 397
412. 726
6, 063, 671
Haikwan tael) 1921 =$0.76.
The 1921 Chinese impirts of synthetic indigo and unclassified dyes were published in the Census of
Dyes and other Synthetic Organic Chemicals, 1922," pp. 148, 149.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
149
Table 46. — China: Imports of dyes, colors, and paints, 1922
(Foreign Trade of China, 1922)
Imported from —
Hongkong
Macao
French Indo-China
Siam -
Singapore, Straits, etc
Dutch Indies
British India
Great Britain .
Norway
Sweden --
Denmark .
Germany .
Netherlands
Belgium
France ..
Switzerland .
Italy
Austria and Hungary
Russia and Siberia by land frontier-
Russia and Amur ports .
Russia and Pacific ports
Korea
Japan (including Formosa) ..
Canada
United States (including Hawaii) . .
Turkey, Persia, Egypt, etc
Total.
Reexport
Net total.
Aniline
Value
$1, 058, 423
6,242
235
138
10, 397
12, 087
93, 854
1,892
13, 140
10, 269
574, 609
431, 709
322, 164
5,726
33, 848
447
Indigo, artificial
Pounds
Value
1, 790, 800
""~22"533'
1,610
310
6,661
308, 600
274
150, 607
6, 043, 242
358, 649
5, 684, 593
1,333
"235,~333'
13, 374, 263
8, 030, 665
1, 130, 400
932, 133
5, 234, 265
479, 867
1,733
267
13, 200
33, 333
2, 137, 200
33, 417, 325
3,117,733
30, 299, 592
$709, 624
15, 764
Dyes and colors,
unclassed *
Pounds
664
162, 658
4, 397, 183
2, 768, 004
418, 003
360, 633
1, 604, 105
133, 739
962
108
5,234
11,970
795, 500
11,384,151
1, 174, 150
10. 210, 001
12, 186, 264
94, 000
198, 533
400
683, 867
123, 200
103, 867
183, 733
10, 533
1,067
1, 282, 800
610/667
277, 733
173, 200
45, 600
70, 267
61, 867
643, 866
1, 942, 133
7, 385, 198
8,933
43, 467
26, 131, 194
130, 400
26, 000, 793
Value
$508, 195
2,653
3,682
105
36, 631
7,622
14, 321
44, 376
7,282
104
241, 229
90,550
38, 258
23,378
92
4,362
5,693
7,320
41,311
30, 090
779, 238
5,094
27,915
7
1, 919, 505
25, 475
1, 894, 030
Equivalent of the "haikwan tael," 1922,=$0.83.
Converted from "piculs" to pounds= 133.3333 pounds to picul.
1 Probably includes colors
other than coal-tar dyes.
Table 47. — Czechoslovakia: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1920,
1921, and 1922
1920
1921
1922
1
Pounds Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Indigo, natural:
24, 057
2,817
$60, 996
7.144
1,545
44
14, 112
$2, 013
45
351 889
18, 636
Total
7, 906 $6, 653
27, 225
69, 029
15, 701
20, 694
Alizarin, alizarin colors, indigo,
synthetic:
1. 649, 041
4,189
441
1,412,570
3,588
378
401, 678
661
82, 340
145
Total
425, 267
148, 533
1, 653, 670
1,416,536
402, 339
82, 485
Azo and sulphur dyes:
Germany
1, 509, 269
22, 707
951, 531
14, 316
299, 826
38, 581
150, 259
18, 345
Total...
1,558,873 i 1,088,934
1, 531, 976
965, 847
338, 407
168,604
Coal-tar dyes, other:
7, 353, 443
250, 443
39, 903
23. 589
882
220
4, 333, 689
147, 596
23,517
13,902
520
130
6, 684, 127
364,641
20, 503
8,157
441
5, 198, 925
Switzerland
285, 798
16, 836
France
5,959
Hu ngary
289
China
Italy ■_
5, 291
1,323
1,102
4,426
Poland
1,128
Baar Basin
:::::::::::: :::::::::-:-::l:::::"::~:
723
Total
4, 223, 352
3, 097, 686
7, 668, 481
4, 519, 354
7, 085, 584
5, 514, 084
150 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 48. — Czechoslovakia: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1920, 1921, and 1922
1920
1921
1922
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Indigo, natural:
35
2
$89
6
11
$15
Total
37
95
11
15
Alizarin, alizarin colors and indigo, syn-
thetic:
359, 791
139, 772
93, 475
12, 566
8,157
5,732
3,527
1,323
1,102
320, 525
124, 518
83, 274
11,195
7,267
5,106
3,142
1,178
982
112,876
24, 686
31, 746
79. 145
661
6,943
17. 309
145
4,850
3,086
1,061
675
Italy
1,102
5,071
241
1,109
Total -
697, 756
$194, 964
625, 445
557, 187
238, 537
52, 169
Azo and sulphur dyes:
4,850
16,094
3,158
10, 477
14, 550
5,512
4,409
7,377
2,290
1,929
4,189
2,727
2,425
220
92&
Italy
84
9,700
6,315
Total
11,905
9,148
34, 833
22, 677
27, 116
12, 608
Coal-tar dyes, other:
54,454
33, 069
21, 385
19, 180
11, 905
4,850
3,036
31, 719
19, 262
12, 456
11,172
6,934
2,825
1,798
59,304
23, 589
67, 020
8,157
14, 109
4,189
14, 330
3,086
3,527
1,543
3,086
2,205
47, 472
18, 447
51, 068
6, 625
Italy
11, 147
3,404
9, 517
2,141
2, 739'
1,051
2,411
7,937
4,623
1,639-
Total
227, 294
166, 713
155, 866
90, 789
204, 145
157, 661
One crown, average 1920=$0.0154.
One crown, average 1921=$0.0151077.
One crown, average 1922=$0.024107.
One quintal =$220. 46 pounds
Table 49. — Czechoslovakia: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1928
1923
Pounds
Value
IMPORTS
4, 348, 847
2,983
573, 024
193, 487
$2, 253, 434
1, 095
362, 722
71, 305
Total -- - -
5, 118, 341
2, 688, 556
EXPORTS — OUT OF FREE TRAFFIC
124, 511
226, 095
23, 946
8,139
55,552
167, 371
180, 233
27, 195
55, 336
7,058
3,502
25, 723
30, 377
85, 860
785, 847
235, 051
Exchange rate for Czecho crowns, 1923 =.029465 average.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 151
Table 50. — Dutch East Indies: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923
1922
1923
Wet
Dry
Wet and
dry
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Alizarin dyes:
250, 398
56, 416
180, 006
$134,613
24, 526
85, 584
21,054
$21,211
20fi 836
110 88 246,430
33, 962 36, 055 250 471
7,936
45, 770
Total
486, 820
244, 723
55, 126 57. 354 ! 757. 443
Aniline dyes:
4,674
125, 742
98, 579
2, 130
2,888
196, 176
14, 037
373, 153
11,072
Italy
6,107
7,793
4, 852
49, 625
Singapore
260
244
110
10, 723
440
Total
7,672
359, 323
541,611
Synthetic indigo:
591, 505
357, 507
5,558
214,012
30, 093
499, 322
282, 527
1,462
194,911
142, 285
Belgium
6,614
51, 632
19, 841
2,887
19, 012
7,044
Italy
4, 189
71, 947
Switzerland
153, 79i
Hongkong
43, 651
China
86,112
2,248
Other countries...
2,039
132-
Total
1, 168, 914
668, 977
13,248
939,184
One gulden, average 1922 =$0.3849.
Table 51. — Dutch East Indies: Exports of natural indigo, 1920-1923
Java and Madura
1920
1921
1922
1923
Indigo, dry:
Pounds
586
58, 510
Pounds
2,363
97, 399
Pounds
7,394
11,023
Pounds
441
9,963
54, 068
10, 582
8,457"
Total
69, 059
153, 830
28, 999
8,898-
Indigo, wet:
5,445
4,409
346, 299
127
13, 779
2,646
Total
346, 426
13, 779
9,854
2,646-
152 UNITED STATES TAB IFF COMMISSION
Table 52. — Egypt: Imports and reexports of coal-iar dyes, 1923
Synthetic indigo:
United Kingdom.
Belgium
France
Germany
Switzerland
United States
Total.
Other coal-tar dyes:
United Kingdom.
Belgium
France
Germany
Switzerland
Syria..
United States
Other countries ..
Total.
Synthetic indigo...
Other coal-tar dyes.
REEXPORTS
Pounds
4,478
•5,884
68, 261
230, 537
267, 259
6.920
24, 830
5,088
224, 918
36, 565
578
1,411
300, 310
Value
$1,431
2,267
21, 423
177, 282
101, 269
1,766
4,200
303, 672
2,922
4,623
2,709
115,597
32, 104
1,333
1,222
160, 510
1, 134
4,126
£ E. Par = $4.943; applying the percentage of the fluctuation of the pound sterling for 1923, or 93.99 per
cent = $4,646.
INDIA
India, with its large population, ranks among the world's leading
consumers of dyes. An analysis of the German dye export figures
for 1913, the year of maximum exportation for that country, shows
that British India was fifth among the world's nations receiving
German dyes by quantity (15,008,916 pounds) and sixth by value
($3,168,060). As it is primarily a cotton-consuming country, cotton
dyes constitute the great majority of imports, and with continued ex-
pansion in cotton manufacturing it promises to become an increasingly
large market for synthetic dyes. A few natural dyes are extensively
used, particularly natural indigo. In 1907 and 1908, 405,900 acres of
indigo were under cultivation, the exports in that year amounting to
3,249,000 pounds, valued at $2,665,766. This product is now, how-
ever, relatively unimportant as an export item, being unable to com-
pete with synthetic indigo in the world's market. Synthetic indigo
is even imported into the country.
As an indication of the position occupied by India among the dye-
consuming nations, imports for the pre-war year, 1913, totaled
16,923,607 pounds, valued at $3,741,031, of which " alizarin dyes made
up nearlv 25 per cent by value and 38 per cent by weight." Imports
in 1922 were 11,731,237 pounds, valued at $11,798,262, with red as
the prevailing color, led by alizarin paste, used for the production of
turkey red. In 1914, 72' per cent of the alizarin dyes came from
Germany and 15 per cent from the United Kingdom.
Estimates for the imports of the individual leading dves for 1922
are as follows: Alizarin, 3,600,000 pounds; Congo red, 2,100,000
pounds; and Sulphur black, 1,000,000 pounds. The imports of Congo
red are reported to exceed all other direct cotton dyes, while the
imports of sulphur black similarly exceed all other Sulphur colors
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
153
Basic dyes have a less extensive consumption; they find applica-
tion for cotton, silk, jute, and coir. The principal members of that
class used in India include Magenta, Auramine, Methyl violet, and
Malachite green; in the case of the latter two dyes, the trade is accus-
tomed to large crystals.
Acid dyes are imported for wall paper and ceremonial powders,
while chrome dyes are in small demand. As to methods 01 dyeing,
yarn dyeing leads, followed by piece and raw stock dyeing. Consid-
erable hand printing with wooden blocks is also carried on. Bombay,
on account of the large number of cotton mills in that Province, is
probably the leading Indian port for the importation of coal-tar dyes.
It is a distributing dye center for coastwise and country shipments.
Recovery of import trade by Germany. — An examination of the import
figures of British India shows that Germany in 1921 and 1922 regained
a large share of the import trade which had been taken over by Great
Britain, the United States, and Switzerland during the war. Accord-
ing to Indian official figures, more than three-fourths of the dye im-
ports of 1914, both by weight and value, originated in Germany. In
1920, the year before Germany reentered the world's markets, imports
of German dyes into India were insignificant. In 1921, however,
they reappeared in the world's markets and comprised slightly over
one-third of that year's imports into India, increasing to about one-
half of the imports in 1922. The increase in Germany's share in the
import trade is reflected in a conspicuous drop in the 1922 dye im-
ports, as compared with 1921, from the United Kingdom and even
more so from the United States. Imports from the United Kingdom
in 1921 totaled 3,613,820 pounds, valued at $3,619,734; thev declined
in 1922 to 2,960,634 pounds, valued at $3,107,969. The decrease in
the imports of dyes from the United States is still more striking; in
1921 they amounted to 2,019,871 pounds, valued at $2,831,326, as
compared with 1922 figures of 723,285 pounds and $1,029,090.
respectively.
Table 53. — India: Imports of coal-tar dyes and exports of natural indigo, British
India, 1923
Imports of coal-tar dyes year ended
Mar. 31, 1923
Pounds
Exports of natural indigo year ended
Mar. 31, 1923
Pounds
Alizarin dyes..
Aniline dyes
Other coal-tar dyes..
Prom —
United Kingdom
Germany
Belgium
Switzerland
United States
Other countries..
Total
5, 285, 661
8, 741, 929
92, 232
14,119,822
1, 326, 261
9, 922, 018
1, 002, 955
53, 259
726, 391
1, 088, 938
14, 119, 822
To-
United Kingdom.
Asiatic Turkey...
Persia.
Japan
Egypt
Other countries . .
Total.
86,128
12'.'. Mis
63, 72S
«;216
129. 136
57.904
507. 920
1760— 24t 11
154 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 54. — Mexico: Imports of coal-tar, May, 1920, and May, 1921
May, 1920
May, 1921
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Aniline, alizarin (natural and artificial) and anthracene colors:
14, 198
5,244
$5, 507
2,423
130
4,980
6,265
$67
647
2. 101
Total
19,442
7,930
11, 375
2,815
One peso, average, May, 1920, $0.49352.
One peso, average, May, 1921, $0,48983.
Table 55. — The Netherlands: Imports
and exports of coal
-tar dyes,
1922
1922
Pounds
Value
IMPORTS
Aniline and other coal-tar dyes:
3, 035, 734
48, 501
191, 800
171, 959
$1, 778, 238
36, 950
153, 960
61, 969
3, 447, 994
368, 168
2,031,117
93, 146
EXPORTS
Aniline and other coal-tar dyes:
121, 253
154, 322
35, 274
57, 320
33, 069
194, 004
60, 044
68, 897
37, 720
42,724
12, 702
97, 765
595, 242
2,205
319, 852
385
One ton, 2,204.6 pounds; 1,000 gulden, average for 1922, $384.90.
1 Computed on difference between given total and individual countries.
Table 56. — Persia: Imports and exports of indigo, years ended March 20,
and March 20, 1923
Year ended Mar.
20, 1922
Year ended Mar.
20, 1923
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
IMPORTS
Natural indigo:
62
105
215, 947
$55
937
290, 218
21
$955
308, 174
32
59
154, 419
72
514
64
369
128
205
Total
291, 304
309, 366
216, 700
154,966
94, 210
111
524
134, 015
251
655
114, 596
56
94, 425
15
7
2,744
98, 309
33
63,045
19
1,928
2,579
4
1,972
Total
96, 774
137, 500
211,843
163, 382
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
155
Table 56. — -Persia: Imports and exports of indigo, years ended March 20, 1922 r
and March 20, 1928 — Continued
Year ended Mar.
20, 1922
Year ended Mar.
20, 1923
Pounds t Value
Pounds Value
EXPORTS
Natural indigo:
963
28, 145
98
1,408
$577
888 $873
26, 331
38
553
Total
888
873
30, 614
27, 499
Synthetic indigo:
295
7,709
7
607
7,525
9
Total
8,011
8,141
One kran approximately equivalent to French franc.
Average exchange franc 1922, $0.08193.
Average exchange franc, 1923, $0.0607.
One Batman— 2.970 kilos — 6.55 pounds.
Table 57. — Spain: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922, and first six months of 192S
1922
1923 (6 months)
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Colors derived from coal and other artificial colors in powder
or crystal, including thio carbon
Indigo, synthetic --
Colors derived from coal in paste or solid containing 50 per
cent water -.-
1, 725, 320
325, 258
65,049
$1, 574, 904
171,061
31,973
983, 618
105, 226
26,881
$892, 064
54, 983
13, 127
One peseta, average of 1922, $0.1548.
One peseta, average, January to June, 1923, $0.1538.
Table 58. — Sweden: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1921
1921
Pounds
Value
IMPORTS
42, 531
914, 475
23,713
22
3,309
82
64, 921
$43,393
793, 064
Indigo:
14, 133
47
675
EXPORTS
272
60, 819
One krona, average of 1921, $0,225.
156 united states tariff commission
Reparation Dyes 10
1. Under the terms of the treaty of Versailles provision was made
for deliveries in kind by German} 7 . Annex VI to Part VIII of the
treaty dealt with the delivery of dyes and pharmaceutical products.
The full text of Annex VI follows:
I
Germany accords to the Reparation Commission an option to require as part
of reparation the delivery by Germany of such quantities and kinds of dyestuffs
and chemical drugs as the commission may designate, not exceeding 50 per
cent of the total stock of each and every kind of dyestuff and chemical drug
in Germany or under German control at the date of the coming into force of
the present treaty.
This option shall be exercised within 60 days of the receipt by the commis-
sion of such particulars as to stocks as may be considered necessary by the com-
mission.
II
Germany further accords to the Reparation Commission an option to require
delivery during the period from the date of the coming into force of the present
treaty until 1st June, 1920, and during each period of six months thereafter until
1st January, 1925, of any specified kind of dyestuff and chemical drug up to an
amount not exceeding 25 per cent of the German production of such dyestuffs
and chemical drugs during the previous six months' period. If in any case the
production during such previous six months was, in the opinion of the commis-
sion, less than normal, the amount required may be 25 per cent of the normal
production.
Such option shall be exercised within four weeks after the receipt of such
particulars as to production and in such form as may be considered necessary
by the Commission; these particulars shall be furnished by the German Govern-
ment immediately after the expiration of each six months' period.
Ill
For dyestuffs and chemical drugs delivered under paragraph 1, the price shall
be fixed by the commission, having regard to pre-war net export prices and to
subsequent increases of cost.
For dyestuffs and chemical drugs delivered under paragraph 2, the price shall
be fixed by the commission, having regard to pre-war net export prices and sub-
sequent variations of cost, or the lowest net selling price of similar dyestuffs
and chemical drugs to any other purchaser.
IV
All details, including mode and times of exercising the options, and making
delivery, and all other questions arising under this arrangement shall be deter-
mined by the Reparation Commission; the German Government will furnish
to the commission all necessary information and other assistance which it may
require.
V
The above expression "dyestuffs and chemical drugs" includes all synthetic
dyes and drugs and intermediate or other products used in connection with
dyeing, so far as they are manufactured for sale. The present arrangement
shall also apply to cinchona bark and salts of quinine*
DYES
As regards dyestuffs the intention of the Reparation Commission
was as follows:
1. To place at the disposal of the Allied and Associated Powers
the dyes immediately necessary for their industries.
2. To furnish a continuous supply up to January 1, 1925.
Following the signing of the treaty, consideration was given to
Annex VI in view of the urgent needs of dyes by the Allied countries.
10 The information on reparation dyes is taken from "Report on the Works of the Reparation Commis-
sion from 1920-1922, printed and published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, 23 Imperial House, King's
Way, London, WC2.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
157
The subcommittee, composed of dye experts from the United States,
Great Britain, Italy, and Belgium, was appointed, as was also a
German expert committee, comprising representatives of the lead-
ing German dye firms and presided over by Herr Carl von Weinberg.
Agreement was made at the first meeting on August 8, 1919, at
Versailles, to take an inventory of stocks on hand in the German fac-
tories as on August 15. The inventory of dyes on hand sub-
mitted by Germany totaled 20,706,114 kilos (20,380 tons 11 ) and in
addition 816,610 kilos (804 tons) of intermediates. The following
table shows the stocks of dyes and intermediates on hand in each of
the German factories on August 15, 1919:
Table 59. — Stock of dyestuffs in German factories, August 15, 1919
Factory
Dyestuffs
Interme-
diates
Total dyestuffs
and inter-
mediates
50 per cent of
the total of
dyestuffs and
intermediates
A. G. F. A. (Berlin).
Badische
Bayer
Cassella
Griesheim
Grunau
Jager
Kalle
Meister L. & B
Muehlheim
Weiler-ter-Meer
Wulfing Dahl
Grand total
Kilograms
1, 077, 759. 000
7, 984, 435. 000
5, 444, 805. 000
2, 235, 683. 000
506, 330. 500
22, 540. 000
339, 855. 300
2, 566, 721. 158
80, 306. 000
423, 004. 000
24, 675. 000
Kilograms
47, 963. 000
143, 494. 000
27, 433. 000
45, 536. 000
49, 167. 400
1, 992. 000
25, 325. 000
473,601.200
300. 000
798. 000
1, 000. 000
20,706,113.958
816, 609. 600
Kilograms
1, 125, 722. 000
8, 127, 929. 000
5, 472, 238. 000
2, 281, 219. 000
555, 497. 900
1, 992. 000
22, 540. 000
365, 180. 300
3, 040, 322. 358
80, 606. 000
423, 802. 000
25, 675. 000
21, 522, 723. 558
Kilograms
562, 861. 000
4, 063, 964. 500
2,736,119.000
1, 140, 609. 500
277, 748. 950
996. 000
11, 270. 000
182, 590. 150
1, 520, 161. 179
40, 303. 000
211,901.000
12, 837. 500
10,761,361.779
In theory the option on these stocks could not be exercised until the treaty
entered into force. None the less, in view of the urgent needs of France, Italy,
and Belgium, it was decided, with the consent of Germany, in the course of a
meeting of the Allies held in London for that purpose on September 15,
1919, to authorize the immediate withdrawal of 5,200 tons from the stocks of
August 15. This agreement was ratified by the organization committee on
September 17, the details governing the deliveries were arranged with the
German experts at the beginning of October, and a protocol finally signed on
November 3.
Deliveries on the 5,200-ton account began on November 22, 1919.
After a prolonged consideration of the distribution of the remainder
of the stocks on hand (August 15, 1919) it was decided to divide the
dyes into groups and to base the percentage of distribution on the
German export statistics of 1913. These figures were modified to
allow for new conditions and for home consumption. The following
table shows the percentage distribution:
Table 60. — Percentages of distribution of dyestuffs — Balance of the stock of August
15, 1919
Group
I. Alizarine red...
II. Indigo
III. Vat dyes other than indanthrene blue G. C. D
IV. Indanthrene blue G. C. D
V. Alizarine dyes other than red
VI. Direct cotton colors -.
VII. Developed cotton colors
VIII. Acid wool colors
IX. Chrome colors
X. Basic colors
XI. Sulphur colors
XII. Lake colors
Intermediates
11 Except where otherwise stated, the "ton' ' is the long ton.
United
States
Great
Britain
France
Italy
25
35
16
16
5
29
28
18
39
30
13
13
OO
30
8
7
37
30
14
14
15
25
23
20
20
25
26
20
15
25
28
20
20
30
23
18
15
25
25
23
10
35
17
17
25
25
25
15
20
30
21
19
Bel-
gium
5
17
9
12
9
12
21
10
in
158
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Orders for deliveries from the stocks on hand continued to be
forwarded up to September 1, 1920, and the total deliveries of dyes
amounted to 9,889,650 kilos (9,733 tons).
Paragraph 2 of Annex VI gave the commission an option for each six monthly
period for delivery "of any specific kind of dyestuff and chemical drug up to an
amount not exceeding 25 per cent of the German production of such dyestuffs
and chemical drugs during the previous six months' period." The option came
into force with the treaty, that is, on January 10, 1920.
At a meeting held in January, 1920, the German experts proposed that the
Allies should establish a program, to be carried out by Germany, of their real
needs for three months and that the Reparation Commission should exercise its
option on the monthly production. This proposal was accepted and a provisional
protocol for its execution was signed on January 30, 1920. Since that date
Germany has had to inform the commission each month of the production of the
preceding month of all dyestuffs, as well as of the lowest prices at which they have
been supplied to other purchasers. In practice the prices quoted are always
those of the German internal market. . The monthly lists of production are
communicated to the interested Governments and they are given a certain time
to pass orders up to the amount of the percentages attributed to them. These
percentages were drawn up on the basis employed for the distribution of the
balance of the stocks of August 15; they have been modified on more
than one occasion, owing to unforeseen demands from Japan, and again owing
to the provisional abandonment of deliveries by Japan and subsequently by the
United States.
The two following tables show the percentage distribution by coun-
tries of 25 per cent of the daily production of dyes, (1) when the United
States received them, and (2) after withdrawal of the United States:
Table 61. — Percentages of distribution of the 25 per cent of the daily production
of dyestuffs
[United States included]
Group
United
States
Great
Britain
France
Italy
Bel-
gium
25
5
42
60
45
15
28
15
25
20
10
30
20
35
35
35
35
35
25
30
33
33
30
35
30
30
16
23
9
5
8
25
18
26
18
20
17
15
21
16
23
9
8
14
III. Vat dyes other than indanthrene blue G. C. D
IV. Indanthrene blue G. C. D
5
8
18
15
15
15
20
17
15
19
4
17
9
VIII. Acid wood colors.. ... .
11
9
10
21
10
10
Table 62. — Existing percentages of distribution of the 25 per cent of the daily
production of dyestuffs
Group
I. Alizarin red -
II. Indigo
III. Vat dyes other than indanthrene blue G. C. D
IV. Indanthrene blue G. C. D___
V. Alizarin dyes other than red
VI. Direct cotton colors
VII. Developed cotton colors
VIII. Acid wool colors
IX. Chrome colors . .
X . Basic colors
XI. Sulphur colors
XII. Lake colors
Intermediates.
Great
Britain
France
Italy
Bel-
gium
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 159
After the expiration of the time limit the remaining dyes were
offered to the different countries without regard to the percentages,
and withdrawals were also made for deliveries to countries having
no percentage (the Serb- Croat-Slovene State and Greece) :
The drawing up of the quarterly program of the needs of the Allied countries
for the purpose of the agreement, which was to replace the provisional agree-
ment of January 30, 1920, presented serious difficulties, and the protocol
of that date was first renewed on Apjjil 28, 1920, and a second time in a
slightly different form on May 31.
The protocol for the delivery of dyes of May 31, 1920, follows:
Pending the final execution of the agreement outlined at the meeting of th e
dyestuff sub-commission of the Reparation Commission, January 28, 1920, or
of a similar agreement, the German Government undertakes to deliver to the
Reparation Commission from June 1, 1920, forward, 25 per cent of the Ger-
man daily production of dyestuff s.
It will likewise deliver intermediate products used in dyeing and printing in
such quantities as shall equal the quantities of those same products delivered
to the various countries before the war for the same uses.
The prices at which these dyestuffs and intermediate products will be deliv-
ered shall be the lowest price at which these same dyestuffs and intermediate
products have been offered 12 during the same month to any buyer, German or
other.
These deliveries will be credited to Germany in the reparation account.
It is understood that the present agreement in no way constitutes a renuncia-
tion by the Reparation Commission of any of the rights conferred upon it by
the treaty of Versailles, particularly as regards the paragraphs above concern-
ing intermediate products and prices.
(Signed) Dubois.
D'Amelio.
Bergmann.
N. B. — This protocol and all the other protocols and agreements concerning
Annex VI having been prepared in the French language, and the French text
being the only one signed by the Germans, the French text alone is authentic.
The German factories continued to turn out large quantities of the simpler
dyestuffs, which were also being produced in United States, British, French, and
Italian factories, with the result that a proportion of them remained at the
disposal of the commission. In order not to disturb the markets by putting
these dyestuffs on sale, the commission negotiated the sale of the untaken bal-
ances to the Association of German Dyestuff Manufacturers (Interessengemein-
schaft) and on February 3, 1921, an agreement was signed under which
this association bought them back at 75 per cent of the value shown on the
monthly lists of production. This contract dealt with all the balances of the
25 per cent of production from February to May, 1920, and the sum paid to the
commission amounted to 44,384,420 paper marks (3,026,100 gold marks).
In the case of many types of dyestuffs 25 per cent of the German production
was not sufficient to satisfy the needs of the Allied countries, and, indeed, many
of the products for which there was a demand were not even manufactured.
The commission sought to fill this gap. The chief requirements were to enable
the Allied distributing organizations to satisfy their own clients, whatever might
be the quantity called for, and to provide the materials at a reasonable price.
Several conferences were held with the German experts in July, 1921. It ap-
peared desirable, in order to interest the German factories in the smooth working
of the agreement which was under negotiation, to make a concession on the
price of the quantities in excess of those the delivery of which was provided fcr
in the earlier protocols, and it was in this spirit that the supplementaryagreement
of the 19th August, 1921, was signed after long negotiations.
u In the French text "tarifes."
160 UNITED STATES TAEIPF COMMISSION
This agreement follows :
APPENDIX XXVIII
AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE DYESTUFFS PROTOCOL OF MAY
31, 1920
Paris, 19th August, 1921.
The following clauses shall be applied to the protocol of 31st May, 1920, which
governs, in so far as dyestuffs are concerned, the execution of paragraph 2, Annex
VI to Part VIII of the treaty of Versailles.
Article 1
The I. G. of the German dye factories, whilst continuing to hold at the disposal
of the Reparation Commission 25 per cent of the amount of dyestuffs manufac-
tured each month, agrees to deliver, as far as possible, on reparation account,
dyestuffs asked for in quantities superior to 25 per cent of the production of such
dyes.
However, the total value of the dyes delivered on reparation account out of the
production of any one month shall not exceed 25 per cent of the total value of the
total production for that month.
ffa Article 2
Those quantities superior to 25 per cent of the production of each dyestuff
shall be debited in reparation account at the lowest price that the I. G. of the
German dye factories shall have sold at 13 in each of the receiving countries during
the month preceding the month of delivery or during the month of delivery, but
always at the lower of these two prices.
However, the prices fixed by the protocol of 31st May, 1920, shall be applied
to a minimum quantity of each dyestuff to be delivered in accordance with
articles 1 and 2, such minimum quantity to be agreed upon jointly by the Repara-
tion Commission and the I. G. on the basis of the production of each dyestuff
during the 15 months from 1st February, 1920, to 30th April, 1921 (see letter
from I. G. attached).
Article 3
For such dyestuffs as the amount asked for is liable to exceed 25 per cent of
the production, firm orders shall be given by each Allied and Associated Power
within one month of the signing of the present agreement for the first three
months' period and for the succeeding three-monthly periods during the last
month of the preceding period. The quantities thus ordered shall not exceed
the needs of the consuming industries of each country.
Article 4
The Reparation Commission recognizes that dyestuffs delivered on reparation
account should not be reexported, and will therefore ask the Governments of the
Allied and Associated Powers receiving dyestuffs to give to their respective dis-
tributing organizations the instructions necessary to prevent, as far as possible,
this reexportation.
Article 5
As to dyestuffs of which deliveries are not to exceed 25 per cent of the produc-
tion and of which 25 per cent of the production is held at the disposal of the Repa-
ration Commission, the commission agrees that firm orders for these shall be
given within 60 days after receipt of the monthly lists of production. Quantities
for which firm orders are not given within this period shall automatically remain
at the free disposal of the I. G.
13 In the French text "au plus bas prix quel'I. G. * * * aura pratique," which is less restrictive
than the term "sold."
INTERNATIONAL DTE TRADE 161
Article 6
There shall be left at the free disposal of the I. G. —
(a) On the signing of this agreement the reliquats of the seven months from 1st
June to 31st December, 1920;
(6) Within 30 days of the date of signature of this agreement, the reliquats of
the months of January and February, 1921;
(c) Within 60 days of the date of signature of this agreement, the reliquats of
the three months from 1st March to 31st May, 1921.
Article 7
The Reparation Commission will forward to the "Centrale des Usines de
Matieres Colorantes" at Frankfort within 30 days of the date of this agreement
a provisional list of specified dyestuffs, which in future will no longer have to be
held at the disposal of the Reparation Commission. This list will be subject to
change as the Reparation Commission may direct.
It is, moreover, understood that the monthly lists of production handed over to
the Reparation Commission by the "Centrale" of Frankfort shall continue to
show the production of all dyestuffs manufactured, whether or not they are to
be held at the disposal of the commission.
Article 8
The present agreement will remain in force until revoked by the Reparation
Commission. Notice of such revocation must be given at the beginning of a
three-monthly period to take effect for the next period.
Article 9
The I. G. will do the necessary to be assured that the German Government will
not oppose the present agreement.
For the I. G. of German synthetic dyestuff factories.
(Signed) Salvago Raggi.
B. A. Kemball-Cook.
C. von Weinberg.
ANNEX TO AN AGREEMENT SUPPLEMENTARY TO THE PROTOCOL OF
MAY 31, 1920
Letter from the I. G. of German synthetic dyestuff factories to the
bureau for dyestuffs and pharmaceutical products of the Reparation
Commission :
Paris, 12th July, 1921.
The I. G. declares that it will carry out article 2 of the supplementary agree-
ment to the protocol of 31st May, 1920, concerning dyestuffs, as follows:
When a product is concerned which has not been manufactured during the
15 months taken as a basis, and such manufacture is undertaken to fill an order
from the Allies, during the first three-montlfly period 50 per cent of the amount
delivered will be priced at the price prevailing on the German interior market.
This, however, does not apply to products never manufactured before the coming
into effect of the treaty.
When a product is concerned which was manufactured during the 15 months
taken as a basis, but in quantity considered insufficient, the lower price will be
applied to a quantity to be determined by common agreement, which quantity
will be between the 25 per cent of the average monthly production of the 15
months and 50 per cent of the amount ordered.
However, the lower price will always be applied to a quantity equal at least
to 25 per cent of the actual production.
For the I. G. of German synthetic dyestuff factories.
(Signed) C. von Weinberg.
162 UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
This agreement enabled the Allied distributing agencies to place
quarterly orders for their requirements and to provide for reserves.
It only binds Germany to deliver "as far as possible," and does not
fix the price in advance. However, in nearly all cases the syndicate
manufactured the desired products, and with few exceptions prices
were reasonable.
The quarterly orders under this agreement up to December, 1922,
are indicated below:
Tons ordered
July-September, 1921 496
October-December, 1921 1, 178
Januarv-Mareh, 1922 1, 198
April-June, 1922 1, 549
July-September, 1922 i 2, 061
October-December, 1922 2, 433
The agreement of August 19, 1921, was modified on June 12, 1922,
to facilitate the calculation of prices.
This amendment, given below, was extended "sine die" on De-
cember 15, 1922.
Paris, June 12, 1922.
PROVISIONAL AMENDMENT TO THE SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT OF
AUGUST 19, 1921, RELATIVE TO DYESTUFFS
I. To facilitate the application of the supplementary agreement of August 19,
1921, it is decided that the following rules will apply to the quarterly orders
July-September, and October-December, 1922. In so far as these two periods
are concerned, the text which follows shall constitute a provisional amendment
to such clauses of the supplementary agreement as might be contradictory to
the present text.
II. All quarterly orders for July-September and October-December, 1922, will
be invoiced as follows: 50 per cent at the price fixed by the protocol of May 31,
1920; 50 per cent at the lowest price that the I. G. shall have sold at in each of
the receiving countries during the month preceding the month of delivery or during
the month of delivery, but always at the lower of these two prices.
III. Upon receipt of the quarterly orders, the Centrale will furnish, for infor-
mation, the export prices quoted for the countries interested at the time the
orders are placed.
IV. To obtain the 25 per cent of the daily production, the quantities ordered
in the quarterly orders will be deducted from the total actual production of the
factories during the corresponding quarter. The 25 per cent of the difference
between the actual production and the quarterly orders will appear in the pro-
duction lists of the months from July to December, 1922. This entire 25 per cent
will be at the disposal of the Reparation Commission in accordance with the
Protocol of May 31, 1920.
(Signed) Leon Delacroix.
John Bradbury,
von Weinberg.
Two other agreements of minor importance included: (1) An agree-
ment between the German factories and the French holders of pre-
war contracts of dyes; (2) a Belgian-German agreement under which
Belgium could order on reparation account, at open market prices,
any dyes not obtainable within its share of the 25 per cent of daily
production or within the quarterly orders.
A question of interpretation arose on the intermediates in paragraph
5 of Annex VI, as the French and English texts were not identical.
The question was whether the commission's option extended to in-
termediates used in making dyes or was limited to those products
used in dyeing and printing. The Reparation Commission provision-
ally limited its option to the intermediates used in dyeing and printing.
The Allied experts considered it desirable to encourage the dye makers
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 163
in their respective countries to produce their own intermediates and,
in order to avoid their use in dye making, the option was restricted
to the pre-war consumption by the Allied countries. In order to
provide for new products and such products as naphthol A. S., the
provision was further modified. Group I includes intermediates used
in dye making. Orders were passed without restriction at the lowest
price of the German factories, provided that the products be used
only for dyeing and printing and not reexported. Group II includes
products specially employed in dyeing or printing. Option is ac-
corded at prices provided for by the treaty up to 25 per cent of
production, and quantities in excess can be ordered at the lowest
price quoted by Germany in the country placing the order.
Shortly after the treaty came into force the Reparation Commission organized
a bureau for dyestuffs and pharmaceutical products which works in liaison with
the Allied expert committee, while Germany created at Frankfort a service
(Zentrale der Farbstoff Fabriken, under the direction of Herr Muehlen), in touch
with the German expert committee. Since the Reparation Commission allots
dyes as a general rule only to Allied Governments or to agencies specifically
appointed for this purpose by the Governments, France and Italy each set up a
"Union des Producteurs et Consommateurs de Matieres Colorantes" for the receipt
and distribution of reparation dyes. Great Britain appointed first of all the
Central Importing Agency and later the British Dyestuffs Corporation. The
Belgian Government itself receives and distributes its dyestuffs. The United
States gave a mandate to the Textile Alliance (Inc.) of New York, but withdrew
the mandate on the 14th December, 1921, without replacing the Textile Alliance.
Nevertheless, the commission at that time decided, in consideration of the require-
ments of the United States industry and in the absence of objection from the
United States Government, to continue to deliver to the Textile Alliance the
portion previously assigned to the United States. On the 29th November, 1922,
the Textile Alliance informed the commission that it renounced any right to order
reparation dyes, and the share of the United States was then distributed between
Great Britain, France, Italy, and Belgium.
The Frankfort Zentrale draws up every month lists indicating, in the case of each
product manufactured in Germany during the preceding month, 25 per cent of
the production and the lowest current price. These lists are immediately com-
municated by the dyestuffs bureau to the different Governments, which have
30 days in which to forward their orders up to the amount of their percentages
to the Zentrale at Frankfort. After 30 clays the dyestuffs bureau draws up a
new list indicating the quantities still available. This list is immediately com-
municated to the Allied Governments, who have a further period of 30 days within
which to forward to the bureau their orders for these balances. The balances are
distributed a first time in proportion to the orders received on the tenth day and
then later distributed in accordance with the orders without regard to percentages.
Quantities not ordered within the total period of 60 days remain at the disposal
of Germany. Orders for the 25 per cent of the daily German production must be
carried out by Germany within three weeks except in the case of "force majeure."
An invoice accompanies each consignment, and the amount, after conversion into
gold marks, is then credited to Germany and debited to the receiving country on
reparation account. As regards the United States, which has no reparation
account, payments were made in dollars to the commission by the receiving
agency. The same method was adopted for the dyes sold directly to the Textile
Alliance.
Certain Allied countries were put to inconvenience through the reexportation
of dyestuffs made by other Allied countries, and requested the commission to
take steps to prevent such reexports. The attitude of the commission was defined
in a letter addressed to the delegations of all the interested countries, the gist of
which is contained in the two following extracts :
Dyes received subsequent to August 9, 1921:
It is definitely understood that such dyes are ordered for domestic consumption
and are not to be reexported to countries receiving dyes through the medium of
the Reparation Commission. In distributing these dyes to domestic consumers
the receiving countries are expected to bring home this understanding to purchasers
in such a way as to make it practically effective.
164
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Dyes delivered before August, 1921:
If practicable, the commission would be desirous of having the'same restric-
tions as to reexportation of these dyes as are adopted for the dyes delivered since
August. As regards dyes ordered under the supplementary agreement of the
19th August, 1921, or its amendment, the question of reexportation was regulated
by article 4 of the former.
The deliveries of the dyes by the commission to the various coun-
tries up to December 31, 1922, are given below:
Quantity
(kilos)
Value (gold
marks)
Quantity
(kilos)
Value (gold
marks)
United States Textile
Alliance:
1, 948, 958
280, 734
161, 823
2, 102, 913. 21
1, 499, 291. 13
1, 281, 132. 53
Italy:
Stock
1, 566, 214
3, 180, 866
403, 804
1,811,728.18
Stock
Daily production...
Supplementary.
agreement...
11, 106, 367. 33
1, 787, 400. 49
Daily production ..
Supplementary
agreement
5, 150, 884
14, 705, 496. 00
2, 391, 515
4, 883, 336. 87
Japan:
Stock
Great Britain:
2, 923, 453
2, 280, 452
955, 678
3, 806, 101. 03
5, 774, 614. 66
4, 653, 776. 82
88, 001 64. 487. 61
Stock
Daily production...
Total
591, 312
2, 565, 227. 76
Daily production...
Supplementary
679, 313
10, 140
63,004
2, 629, 715. 37
agreement
Serb-Croat Slovene
State: Daily produc-
tion
Total
6, 159, 583
14, 234, 492. 51
22, 623. 61
Greece: Daily produc-
tion
France:
251, 084. 79
Stock
Daily production...
Supplementary
1, 826) 247 8.' 687,' 467! 25
127,207 796,465.34
28,549 86,419.32
Total:
Stock
9, 889, 650
9, 965, 036
2, 806, 540
28, 549
11,859,118.43
agreement..
Pre-war contracts...
Daily production...
Supplement ary
agreement
Pre-war contracts...
Grand total
33, 947, 022. 67
12, 764, 750. 81
86, 419. 32
Total
4,241,832 12,442,024.07
Belgium:
Stock
1, 103, 195 1. 202. 216. 24
22, 689, 775
58,657,311.23
Daily production...
Supplementary
agreement
1, 732, 281
1, 158, 028
4, 040, 346. 14
4, 245, 975. 63
Total
3, 993, 504
9, 488, 538. 01
Table 63. — Reparation dyes delivered to December 31, 1928
United States
Great Britain
France.
Italy
Belgium
Kilos
2, 391, 589
7, 664, 993
4, 276, 533
6, 274, 601
4, 219, 215
Gold marks
4, 875, 568
19,197,311
12, 515, 487
18, 722, 218 i
9,913,905
Japan
Greece
Serbia
Total
Kilos
679, 313
67, 006
10, 140
25, 583, 390
Gold marks
2, 629, 705
256,200
22, 624
68, 133, 019
PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
The questions involved in the case of pharmaceutical products
were intrusted to a subcommittee of experts. At the first meeting,
held September 12, 1919, the United States, Great Britain, France,
Italy, and Belgium were represented. The German experts suggested
September 20, 1919, as the date on which inventories should be taken
of stocks on hand, and this date was agreed upon. The French and
Belgian experts desired prompt exercise of the option, in view of the
needs of pharmaceuticals in their countries. The United States and
British experts stood for a compliance with legal limitation of the
treaty, whereby the option could be exercised only by the commis-
sion itself, i. e., after .the treaty came into force.
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 165
On December 9, 1919, Germany reported the inventories of pharma-
ceuticals, and the experts met on January 5 to 10 for their examina-
tion. It was found that the quantities were too low for certain
products and that other products covered by the treaty were not
listed.
As a result of a discussion on January 30, 1920, and the explanations
offered, the German inventories were accepted "en bloc," to which
stocks of certain products were to be added. In the case of codeine
and cocaine, only half of their stocks were declared, as it was not
proved that the patents covering their synthesis were being operated.
Synthetic pharmaceuticals were defined as "all organic products
which are not natural or which are not obtained by simple extraction
from a natural product and which are employed in therapeutics."
After the treaty came into force pharmaceuticals were dealt with
in the same manner as dyes. A distribution organization for phar-
maceutical products was maintained at Frankfort, Germany.
Agreement was made on April 9, 1920, for the distribution of phar-
maceuticals on the basis of pre-war imports, and on April 12 the
Allied and German experts signed a protocol governing the delivery
of 50 per cent of the stocks.
The deliveries were modified as a result of the abandonment of their
respective shares by the United States and Great Britain and of a
request of Japan to participate. Percentages were allotted to France,
Italy, and Belgium, and Japan received a small fixed amount. On
August 28, 1920, the option on stocks was exercised, the total deliv-
eries amounting to 93,776 kilos (92 tons).
It was decided, in agreement with Germany, to exercise the option on the
daily production in a manner which differed slightly from that stipulated in the
treaty; it was agreed that Germany should forward monthly to the commission
a list of the quantities manufactured in the course of the preceding month and
that orders for 25 per cent of this production should be forwarded immediately.
The protocol of October 19, 1920, governs these deliveries:
Paris, October 19, 1920.
PROTOCOL FOR THE DELIVERY OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS
The German Government, in execution of paragraph 2, Annex VI, Part VIII of
the treaty of Versailles, undertakes to deliver to the Reparation Commission
any synthetic pharmaceutical products and salts of quinine up to an amount not
exceeding 25 per cent of the German production manufactured from July 1, 1920,
onward.
The production of cocaine and codeine, however, will be delivered only up to
an amount of 12.5 per cent of the total production of these products.
The prices at which these products shall be delivered shall in principle be the
lowest net selling price at which these products have been quoted 14 during the
month of their production to any other purchaser (German or otherwise). The
Reparation Commission, however, reserves the right to fix the prices, accord-
ing to the provisions of paragraph 3, Annex VI, Part VIII of the treaty of Ver-
sailles, if it considers that the prices charged by Germany are excessive.
These deliveries will be credited to Germany in the reparation account.
The present agreement, until revoked or modified by the Reparation Com-
mission, will govern all future deliveries of pharmaceutical products under the
provisions of the treaty above quoted.
It is understood that in making the present agreement the Reparation Com-
mission reserves all the rights conferred upon it by the treaty of Versailles.
(Signed) Dubois.
Theunis.
Bergmann.
14 In the French text "ies prix les plus bas auxquels ces memes produits ont ete tarifes."
166
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
The distribution of these quantities among the different Allies gave
rise to long discussions and was subjected to modifications when the
United States and Great Britain provisionally renounced their light
to participate. For a few months Japan received fixed quantities,
the balance bein^ distributed between France, Italy, and Belgium in
proportions which will be found in the following table:
PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE 25 PER CENT OF THE DAILY PRO-
DUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS SINCE JULY, 1920
Titles of the groups:
I. Quinine and its salts (No. 380 A of the German customs tariff of
1913).
II. Salicylic and benzoic acids and their salts (No. 317 N).
III. Alkaloids other than quinine and the glucosides (No. 380 B).
IV. Ethyl ether and the esters (No. 382).
V. Chloroform and chloral hydrate (No. 382).
VI. General svnthetic products (Nos. 346 F, 346 G, 278, 317 G t
350, 351, 383, 390).
France..
Italy....
Belgium
Groups
33.0
60.5
6.5
II III IV V VI
42. 5 I 42. 5
43. 42. 5
14.5 I 15.0
57.5
17.0
25.5
40.0
40.0
20.0
51.5
33.0-
15.5-
Rumania, the Serb- Croat-Slovene State, and Greece receive phar-
maceutical products drawn from the quantities of which the other
countries do not avail themselves, quantities which are relatively
important in the aggregate owing to the development of the phar-
maceutical industry in France and in Italy.
Rumania, the Serb- Croat-Slovene State, and Greece, in particular,,
urgently requested the delivery of salts of quinine and, the German
manufacture of this product having greatly declined since the war,
several special agreements were made for the delivery of a total
quantity of over 56 tons.
The table below shows the deliveries of pharmaceutical products
made to the different countries up to December 31, 1922:
Table 64
. — Pharmaceuticals delivered to December
31, 1922
Quantity
(kilos.)
Value
(gold
marks)
Quantity
(kilos.)
Value
(gold
marks)
France:
Stock
29,879
26,431
176, 148. 67
189, 527. 48
Japan:
Stock
1,401
16, 108
5, 696. 1£
Daily production
Daily production
Total
132, 688. 57
Total .
56, 310
365, 676. 15
17,509
138, 384. 70
Serb-Croat-Slovene State :
Daily production
Greece: Daily production
Rumania: Daily produc-
tion
Italy:
Stock
49, 507
268,797
481, 731. 93
2, 073, 392. 82
123, 445
201, 194
80, 790
1, 570, 828. 89
Daily production
1, 769, 134. 18
5, 608, 020. 59<
Total
318, 304
2, 555, 124. 75
12, 989
203, 306
145, 241. 00
1, 398, 533. 93
Grand total
1, 013, 847
13, 550, 944. 19
Stock
Daily production
Total
216, 295
1, 543, 774. 93
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE 167
Table 65. — Pharmaceuticals delivered to December 31, 1928.
Kilos
Gold marks
France-.
Italy. , .
Belgium
Japan..
Greece..
57,525
417, 180
248, 892
17,509
301, 560
394, 399
3, 528, 279
1, 617, 427
138, 385
3,041,596
Serbia
Rumania..
Total
Kilos.
176, 093
80, 790
1, 299, 549
Gold marks
2, 563, 340
5, 608, 020
16, 891, 446
In December, 1923, it was reported that the I. G. agreed to resume
normal reparation deliveries in kind under Annex VI of the Ver-
sailles treaty and later agreements with the Reparation Commission.
PART VI
APPENDIX
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS
AND EXPORTS
1760— 24t 12 169
STATISTICS OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
Table 66. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1928
[Act of Sept. 8, 1916]
GROUP I, CRUDE (FREE)
Years
1917
Quantity Value
1918
Quantity Value
Acids, carbolic, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of original distillate - . pounds. .
Anthracene oil gallons..
Benzene pounds..
Cresol do —
Dead or creosote oil gallons..
Naphthalene having a solidifying point less than 79° C.
pounds..
Pyridine and quinoline do
Coal tar, crude barrels..
Pitch, coal tar. do —
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol — purity less than 90
per cent .. pounds..
Xylene. do —
All other products found naturally in coal tar whether pro-
duced or obtained from coal tar or other sources, n. s. p. f.
_. .pounds . .
All other distillates, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of the original distillate
pounds..
Anthracene, purity less than 25 per cent do —
Acenaphthene, cumol fluorene, methylanthracene, and
methylnaphthalene pounds _
Carbazole, purity less than 25 per cent do —
151, 254
61, 200
3, 598, 733
7, 665, 442
9, 817, 085
5, 206, 980
12,247
6,780
5,926
20,708
9,332
(')
3,105
341, 700
532, 529
786, 638
175, 554
1,480
10, 745
12, 039
1,404
2,928
10, 448
1,502
(')
155, 236
$17, 260"
2, 673, 855
8, 873, 271
1, 545, 247
3, 902, 731
9,237
13, 087
14, 029
87, 570
779, 045
162, 869
130, 098
1,036
21, 200
29, 095
2,756
10, 473
5
Years
Quantity Value
1920
Quantity Value
Acids, carbolic, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
far acids less than 5 per cent of original distillate . . pounds _ .
Anthracene oil gallons..
Benzene pounds..
Cresol do —
Dead or creosote oil gallons..
Naphthalene having a solidifying point less than 79° C.
pounds..
Pyridine and quinoline do —
Coal tar, crude barrels..
Pitch, coal tar do —
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol — purity less than 90
per cent pounds..
Toluene .• do —
All other products found naturally in coal tar whether pro-
duced or obtained from coal tar or other sources, n. s. p. f.
pounds..
All other distillates, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of the original distillate
pounds..
Anthracene, purity less than 25 per cent pounds .
Acenaphthene, cumol fluorene, methylanthracene, and
methylnaphthalene pounds . .
Carbazole, purity less than 25 per cent... ..pounds..
1, 965, 289
18, 699
217, 865
6, 435, 650
11,268,379
3, 239, 256
165, 064
22, 339
3,364
11,200
1, 195, 706
380, 525
104, 568
82, 669
15, 759
112
•$187,788
3,994
5, 617
557, 214
1, 374, 217
92, 265
20, 543
38, 476
8,598
1,221
30, 768
6,334
10, 548
2,022
192, 692
15, 054
486, 619
10, 318, 070
18, 427, 152
15, 012, 096
863, 456
11,901
8,780
3,945
10, 868
901,381
3, 796, 399
530, 219
168, 800
24, 140
26, 022
240, 096
14,046
202, 569
16, 590
946
82
1 Imports not available by calendar year.
171
172
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 66.— Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1 928— Continued
GROUP I, CRUDE FREE— Continued
Years
1921
Quantity Value
1922
Quantity Value
Acids, carbolic, which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of original distillate.. pounds..
A nthracene oil .. gallons . .
Benzene .pounds . .
Cresol do r ._.
Dead or creosote oil gallons..
Naphthalene having a solidifying point less than 79° C.
.' pounds..
Pyridine and quinoline do
Coal tar, crude _ barrels..
Pitch, coal tar do
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol— purity less than 90
per cent.. pounds..
Toluene „ do
All other products found naturally in coal tar whether pro-
duced or obtained from coal tar or other sources, n. s. p. f.
pounds..
All other distillates which on being subjected to distillation
yield in the portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of
tar acids less than 5 per cent of the original distillate
pounds..
Anthracene, purity less than 25 per cent do
Acenaphthene cumol fluorene, methylanthracene and
methylnaphthalene pounds . .
Carbazole, purity less than 25 per cent do
214, 185 $22, 849
12,776 i 5,019
1, 722, 085 I 442, 370
3,353,882 \ 253,886
33, 239, 432 4, 756, 618
4,495,806 ! 135,943
72,515 11,367
21, 551 46, 784
417 1, 264
40, 707
7,310
58, 111
100
3,111
959
1,198
64
311,914
13, 368
172, 528
3, 756, 651
41, 566, 767
3, 144, 332
119,973
23,431
1,422
3,962
144, 237
424, 530
459, 727
33, 600
66
2 $33, 781
3,242
1, 223
258, 536
4, 239, 949
54, 029
21, 113
54, 324
4,193
352
6,061
8,049
50, 652
400
Quantity
Value
Benzene pounds.
Dead or creosote oil gallons..
Napthalene, solidifying at less than 79° C pounds..
Coal tar, crude barrels..
Pitch, coal tar do
Toluene pounds . .
Acenaphthene, fluorene, methylanthracene, and methylnaphthalene do
Anthracene, purity less than 30 per cent do
Anthracene oil gallons..
Cumene, cymene pounds..
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, purity less than 90° do
Pyridine ..do
Xylene , do
All other distillates n. s. p. f., which on being subjected to distillation yield in
the portion distilling below 190° C. a quantity of tar acids less than 5 per cent
of the original distillate . pounds..
All other products found naturally in 'coal tar, whether produced or obtained
from coal tar or other sources, n. s. p. f pounds..
701, 857
$21, 902
64, 199, 636
20, 992, 439
10, 131
10, 071, 393
575, 702
31,671
4, 644
15, 154
194, 660
7,928
23, 673
869, 780
31, 198
2
2,826
23, 925
7,078
24
3,805
764, 918
136, 488
2,846
266, 184
8,179
5, 761, 011
489, 824
1, 635, 025
69, 373
2 First 9 months.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPOETS AND EXPOETS
173
Table 66.— Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1923
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2H CENTS PER POUND;
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals, medic-
inals flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f.:
Acids—
Amidosalicvlic —
1917
1918
1919 :
1920
1921
11, 199
$8, 182
$1, 507
18. 42
1922
1923.
Arsanilic —
1923
223
4,653
1,791
63
250
11, 263
100
100
30, 676
148, 261
3,345
20, 539
14, 060
374
1,087
3,012
365
410
4,954
47, 085
1,855
3,190
2,154
58
169
733
57
233
1,510
10, 769
55 47
Benzoic —
1917
15 53
1918
1919
1920....
1921
15.32
15.42
15.58
24.35
19221
15.68
1923
56 71
Carbolic (phenol) which on being subjected to
distillation yields in the portion distilling be-
low 200° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or
more than 5 per cent of the original distillate —
Crystal —
1917
30.48
1918
22.87
1919 „
1920...
1921
250
280, 224
69, 310
126, 618
314, 585
134, 406
2,061
1,040
142
30, 414
16. 102
21, 389
24,246
15, 186
264
244
28
11,568
13, 708
20,627
11, 502
5,638
91
63
19.40
1922 i
38.03
1922 2
85. 13
1923
96.44
Liquid —
1917.
1918
1919...
1920.
1921
47.44
37.13
34.52
25.66
1922 i
1922 2
1,702
145, 375
2,815
112
10
17, 376
26, 273
117
1,801
18,488
257
389
8
74, 492
23,575
112
313
20,345
338
222
5
42, 187
4,193
20
17.36
UO. 04
1923
131. 67
Cinnamic —
1923
57.02
Dichlorophthalic—
1923
63.75
Phenylglycine orthocarboxylic —
1923
56.63
Salicylic —
1917
17.79
1918
17. 62-
1919
1920
1921
1922 1
2,276
1,107
16
1,881
854
19
339
547
12
18.02
Salicylic and salts of, not medicinal—
1923
64.07
Sulphanilic—
1923
60.89
Amidonaphthol —
1917
1918
1919
150
72
15
20.21
1920
1921
11, 025
9,990
1,774
17. 76-
1922.
1923
i Act of 1916.
2 Act of 1922.
J
174
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 66. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1923 — Continued
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2V 2 CENTS PER POUND;
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals, medic-
inals flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f. — Continued.
Amidophenol —
1917 ,
1918
1919
1,028
$2,417
$388
16.06
1920
1921
14, 623
11,699
2,120
18.12
1922. „
1923...
Aniline oil —
1917
1918
1919....
1920.
220
11, 243
72
1,799
16
551
22.64
1921
30.62
1922 (included in aniline oil and salts) i
Aniline salt —
1917
•1918
21, 273
3,250
1,019
31.36
1919
1920
4
18. 316
1
12, 109
25.00
1921
2,274
18.78
1922 (included in aniline oil and salts)
Aniline oil and salts—
19222
55
30
11
■ 220
10
123
90.00
1923
55.95
Anthracene, purity of 25 per cent or more —
1917
1918
1919
51, 895
648, 095
261, 645
2
8,011
87, 413
12, 639
2
2,499
29, 314
8,437
1
31.19
. 1920.
33.54
1921.
66.75
19222
62.00
1923
Anthraquinone—
1917 '.
1918 .
1919
3,147
13, 053
127, 427
2,643
5,612
78, 255
375
1,168
14, 924
14.20
1920.
20.82
1921
19.07
1922...
1923
Benzaldehyde —
1917
1918
1919
24, 472
9,479
1,056
20
200
17, 790
5, 928
465
11
240
3,280
1,126
96
7
146
18.44
1920
19.00
1921.
20.68
19222
67.73
Benzaldehyde, not medicinal —
Nitrobenzaldehyde ..."
60.83
1923
Benzidine, bensidine sulphate—
1923
7
5
23
7
13
1
57.13
Benzylchloride —
1917
16.86
1918..
1919
1,000
150
430
22
90
7
20.81
1920
32.05
1921 ..
1922 ' . .
Benzylchloride, benzalchloride, and benzoylchloride —
19222 _
29
10
61, 632
22, 635
6,896
4,692
1,164
10
22
10, 471
3, 333
1,331
1,216
155
8
13
3,111
-1,066
372
300
52
75.30
1923
58.18
Binitrotoluol —
1917
29.71
1918
31.98
1919
27. 95
1920...
24.64
1921
33.77
1922
i Act of 1916.
2 Act of 1922.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
175
Table 66.
-Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1923— Continued
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2K CENTS PER POUND:
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals, medic-
inals flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f. — Continued
Binitrobenzol —
1921
5
$3
19.33
1922...
1923
Carbazole, purity of 25 per cent or more—
1917
1918
1919
1920...
157
27
$8
29.56
1921...
1922'
8,820
3,865
800
20.70
1922 2
1923..
Dimethylaniline —
1917
1918
1919
1,120
22, 400
427
15, 968
92
2,955
21.56
1920
18.51
1921
19221
23, 565
3,828
1,163
30.39
19222. .
Dimethylaniline and benzylethylaniline —
1923...
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, purity of 90
per cent or more —
1917...
1
2
1
58.50
1918
1919...
1920
2,444
556
2,224
1,008
8,754
2,230
341
107
167
5,410
396
65
72
162
3,588
17.74
1921 ..
19.08
1922 1
66.96
19222 _
97.24
1923
66.33
Methylanthraquinone —
1917
1918
1919
3,147
13, 053
2,643
5,612
375
1,168
14.20
1920
20.82
1921
1922
1923
977
267, 057
2,795
7,650
3, 697, 562
441, 685
75, 680
1,221
12, 125
171
384
416, 172
31, 458
7,684
740
8,497
96
249
154, 865
15, 761
3,045
60.60
Napthalene solidifying at 79° C. or above—
1917
70.02
1918
55.87
1919
64.80
1920
37.21
1921
50.10
19221
39.61
1922 2 ..
1923
9,605
1,027
194
1,069
779
186
401. 57
Naphthol—
1917
17.40
1918...
1919
1920
1921.
333, 356
658
112,922
799
25,272
136
22.38
1922 i
17.06
1922 2
Naphthol, alpha and beta not medicinal—
1923
13, 376
29, 569
17, 199
58.17
Naphthylamine—
1917
1918
11, 761
5,985
1,192
19.91
1919
1920
69, 695
7,208
2,824
39.18
1921....
1922...
1923
Naphthylenediamine—
1923
5
6
4
60.83
i Act Of 1916.
a Act of 1922.
176
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 66. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1923— Continued
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2% CENTS PER POUND;
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals, medic-
inals flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f— Continued
Nitrobenzol —
1917
1918... :
1919
21, 513
45, 891
$4,003
6,009
$1, 138
2,049
28.44
1920.
34.09
1921
1922
1923
Nitronaphthalene—
1917
18, 102
7,758
1,616
20.83
1918
1919...
1920
1921.
1922 .
1923 .
Nitrophenylenediamine —
1921
1,132
6, 590
1,017
15.43
1922
1923
Nitrotoluol —
1917
1918
1919. .
542
684
452
359
81
71
18.00
1920
19.76
1921
1922
1923
Phenylenediamine —
1917
1918...
1919
2,746
2,429
1,769
1,887
334
344
18.88
1920
18.22
1921
19221
6
16
9
57.62
1922 *
1923
Phenylhydrazine —
1923
18
98
39
1,853
23
280
58.23
Phthalic anhydride—
1917
15.13
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922'
3,374
2,517
1,621
64.38
1922*
1923
Resorcin —
1917 ..
134
672
104
15.50
1918
1919
1920
51, 529
109, 658
39, 932
75, 022
7,278
13, 995
18.23
1921
18.65
1922 .
1923
12, 520
5
60
175
16, 976
6
31
238
10, 213
4
21
40
60.16
Tolidine—
1923
60.83
Toluidine—
1923
68.55
Tolylendiamine—
1921
16.48
1922
1923
Xylidine—
1917
1918
1919
1920
56, 047
41, 237
7,587
18.40
1921
1922
1923
150
60
44
72.50
i Act of 1916.
2 Act of 1922.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC 1MPOETS AND EXPORTS
177
Table 66. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1923— Continued
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2M CENTS PER POUND;
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)— Continued.
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
All distillates n. s. p. f., which on distillation, yield in the
portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of tar acid
equal to or more than 5 per cent of the original distillate:
1917
1918 .
1,550
3,170
85, 474
16, 240
328, 601
22, 163
245, 119
18, 257
195, 757
193, 021
13,445
51,214
87,911
87, 207
389, 708
187, 377
1, 436, 982
$2,008
4,587
36, 041
11,811
33,784
9,128
30, 328
4,102
36, 382
17, 595
8,640
39, 861
74, 514
41, 965
153, 625
61,967
330, 514
$340
767
7,543
2,178
13,283
6,572
33, 839
3,534
33, 713
7,465
1,632
7,260
13, 375
8,475
32, 786
47, 198
282, 371
16.93
1919
16.73
1920
20.93
1921
18.43
1922 i
39.32
1922V ..
72.00
1923 3 -- .--
111. 58
All distillates of coal, blast-furnaces, oil-gas, and water-
gas tar which on being subject to distillation below
215° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more than
75 per cent of the original distillate:
1922 2 _
86.16
1923
92.66
All similar products, obtained, derived, or manufactured
in whole or in part from the products provided for in
Group I (free):
1917 ..
42.43
1918...
18.89
1919
18.21
1920 . -
17.95
1921
20.19
1922 1
21.34
19222
76.17
1923
85.43
All sulfoacids or sulfoacid salts of Group II:
1917
1918 .
1919
1920
100
6,789
11,374
87
2,944
12, 058
16
611
2, 093
17.88
1921
20.76
19221
17.36
1923
1 Act Of 1916.
' Act of 1922.
At 190° C. instead of 200° C.
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)
Actual
and com-
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
puted ad
valorem
rate
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or in
part from any of the products provided for in Group I
(free) or II, including natural indigo and their deriva-
tives:
Alizarin, natural —
1917
6,899
$12, 216
$3,665
30.00
1918
108,711
158, 816
47,645
30.90
1919..
6,684
8,612
2,584
30.00
1920.
58, 583
41,381
12, 414
30.00
1921..
59,306
81,816
24,545
30.00
1922 1
28,399
63,304
18,991
30.00
1922 2....
1,547
3,094
1,965
63.50
1923
9,283
18,600
11,810
63.49
Alizarin, synthetic; —
1917
19, 180
55, 179
16,554
30.00
1918
1919
1920
73,232
24, 072
7,222
30.00
1921
136,283
49, 707
14,912
30.00
19221
21, 614
22,190
666
30.00
1923
1,836
3,699
2,348
63.47
178
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 66. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1 923— Continued
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or in
part from any of the products provided for in Group I
(free) or II, including natural indigo, and their deriva-
tives—Continued
Dyes obtained, derived, or manufactured from aliza-
rin —
1917
34
6,446
1,920
29, 436
246, 837
293, 005
56, 294
274, 799
23,146
12, 827
7,162
216, 508
226, 956
330, 129
17, 697
7,319
129, 983
3,376
34,049
86, 439
76, 123
184, 886
$75
13, 399
3,864
25, 498
356, 658
468, 134
82, 981
379, 673
11, 326
20, 087
7,772
208, 754
422, 941
605, 187
26,002
8,126
140, 932
13,744
82, 779
196, 783
72,154
267, 059
$23
4,020
1,159
7,647
106, 997
140, 440
53, 729
247, 040
3,398
6,026
2,332
62, 626
126, 882
181, 556
16,840
5,388
42,280
4,123
24, 834
59, 035
21, 646
80, 118
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920 ;
30.00
1921
30.00
19221
30.00
Colors, dyes, stains, etc., obtained, derived, or manu-
factured from alizarin—
1922 2
64 75
1923
65.07
Dyes obtained, derived, or manufactured from an-
thracene and carbazole —
1917
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920 —
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 1 __
30.00
Colors, dyes, obtained, derived, or manufactured
from anthracene or carbazol —
1922 2
64.76
1923...
66.30
ndigoids, whether or not obtained from indigo —
1917
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920
30.00
1921
30.00
19221
30.00
1923
Indigo, natural —
1917
2, 261, 122
1, 637, 914
234, 991
36, 537
77, 121
14, 461
4, 230, 510
2, 007, 958
285, 925
1,269,153
602, 387
85. 778
30.00
1918
30.00
1919
30.00
1920
69, 528 20. 858
30.00
1921
154, 538
19, 074
46, 361
5,722
30.00
19221...
30.00
1922 2 .
1923.
9,102
1, 379, 349
690, 414
537, 697
171, 101
70, 975
86, 585
4,149
871, 267
342, 589
327, 133
207, 299
84, 901
123, 702
3,427
261, 380
102, 777
98,140
62, 190
25, 470
37, 111
73.70
Indigo, synthetic—
1917.
30.00
1918...
30.00
1919.
30.00
1920..
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 1
30.00
1922 2
1923
356
872
13, 864
7,062
1,499
15, 358
98, 735
59, 290
79, 542
117
1,482
18, 636
18, 680
4,490
14, 405
172, 841
66, 171
62, 986
95
950
12, 152
5,957
1,422
5,089
56, 789
22, 816
27, 077
81.30
Colors, dyes, stains, etc., derived from indigo —
1922 2
64.11
1923
65.21
Colors, or color lakes obtained, derived, or manufac-
tured from alizarin —
1917
31.89
1918
31.67
1919
35.33
1920
32.86
1921 ;_.
34.48
19221 _
35.05
1922 2 '
1923 (see, "Dyes, etc., from alizarin").
i Act of 1916.
2 Act of 1922.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
179
Table 66. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1917 to 1928— Continued
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or in
part from any of the products provided for in Group
I (free) or II, including natural indigo and their deriva-
tives—Continued
Colors, or color lakes obtained, derived, or manufac-
tured from anthracene and carbazols —
1917..-
53, 205
27, 900
38, 073
260, 060
62, 748
27, 535
$49, 729
22, 546
55, 475
529, 966
65, 635
63, 102
$17, 579
8,159
18,546
171, 993
22,828
20, 032
35 35
1918
36 19
1919. .,.._
33.43
1920
32.45
1921
34.78
19221 r _ _ __
31.75
1922 2
1923 (see, "Dyes, etc., from anthracene and car-
bazole").
All other color, dyes, or stains, whether soluble or
not in water, color acids, color bases, or color lakes —
1917
2, 257, 476
1, 799, 467
1, 991, 687
2, 807, 807
2, 751, 535
2, 077, 712
677, 849
3, 059, 361
134, 702
2, 574, 363
2, 161, 799
2, 848, 294
4, 093, 389
3, 968, 319
2, 941, 773
894, 844
4, 154, 091
11,596
885, 183
738, 513
954, 073
1,368,407
1,328,072
965, 640
584, 356
2,706,610
10, 214
34.38
1918 3
34. 16
1919
33.50
1920
33.43
1921
33.47
19221
32.83
1922 2
65.30
1923
65.16
Phenolic resin, synthetic —
1917
88.08
1918
1919
1,114
2,479
1,420
762
2,860
2,681
2,366
1,404
914
928
781
452
31.95
1920
34.63
1921
33.00
19221
32.17
1923
Resinlike products prepared from articles provided for in
pars. 27 and 1549:
1922 2
1,756
3, 183
12, 632
14, 550
12, 059
21, 808
29, 281
3,287
8,183
10, 182
15
2,094
10, 512
101, 406
108, 537
77, 876
67, 640
65, 906
4,465
8,208
28, 504
22
1,379
6,530
31, 053
33, 289
23, 966
21, 382
21, 236
1,471
5,498
17,815
6
65.87
1923
62.12
Photographic chemicals —
1917
30.62
1918...
30.67
1919
30.77
1920
31.61
1921
32.22
19221
32.94
1922 2
66.98
1923
62.50
Coal tar medicinals:
Acetanilid —
1917
25.00
1918
1919
124
50
13
25.00
1920
1921
1922
1923
58
3,280
82
40, 352
53
10, 088
64.95
Acetphenetidin—
1917....
25.00
1918
1919
1920
1921 _..
1922
1923
25
1,474
238
4,670
145
1,168
60.74
Acetylsalicylic acid—
1917...
25.00
1918
1919
26
76
19
25.00
1920.
1921
1922
1923
1
7
4
61.00
i Act of 1916.
2 Act of 1922.
3 Does not include 110 pounds, valued at $322, duty $81.08, from Cuba.
180
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 66.
-Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar yean
1917 to 1923— Continued
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Coal tar medicinals — Continued
Antipyrene—
1917
21, 842
9,416
13, 736
14,737
$62,411
106, 643
135, 565
53, 293
$15, 603
26,661
33, 891
13, 323
25.00
1918
25.00
1919
25.00
1920 .
25.00
1921
1922 i
12, 604
913
14, 250
5
571
2,780
5
18, 468
1,740
20, 602
211
914
4,059
210
4,617
1,108
• 13, 359
127
588
2,630
126
25.00
1922 *
63.68
1923
64.89
Arsphenamine (salvarsan) and neo-arsphenamine—
1923 - -.
60.17
Benzaldehyde—
1922
64.38
1923
64.80
Novocain or procaine —
1923
60.17
Phenolphthalein (25 per cent)—
1917
1918 -..
100
1,200
300
25.00
1919
1920
200
5,055
64
1,487
2,931
40
726
2,385
36
8,877
10, 891
81
284, 346
301, 074
168, 466
165, 055
280, 299
154,620
24, 410
164, 238
408
816
181
596
9
5,430
6,740
51
85,304
90,322
50,540
49, 517
84,090
46, 386
15,202
101, 576
122
245
25.00
1921 -
25.00
1922 i -
25.00
1922 2 __
61.17
1923
61.88
Salicylic acid and its salts, medicinal—
1923 .
63.46
Medicinals —
1917
30.00
1918 .
30.00
1919. -. - -
30.00
1920 --
30.00
1921 j
30.00
1922 L.
30.00
1922 ',>
7,937
43, 325
35
160
62.27
1923
Flavors—
1917
1918
1919
61.85
30.00
30.00
1920
1921
14
27
8
30.00
1922
1923
31
554
90
6,544
56
360
62.41
Saccharin —
1917
5.50
1918
1919
1920 ..
40
46
1
1
1,980
261
1,412
39
103
15
14
3,929
308
2,162
26
30
1
8
2,496
203
1,396
66.67
1921
29.03
1922 i
4.33
1922 2..
60.50
Explosives: Picric acid —
1923
63.53
Ink powder—
1923
65.93
Synthetic tanning material—
1923
64.57
i Act of 1916.
2 Act Of 1922.
3 Other coal-tar medicinals.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
181
Table 67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
19 18-1 928
DEAD OR CREOSOTE OIL (FREE)
Imported from-
England
Scotland
Canada
All other countries .
Total
1918
Quantity
Gallons
1,125
1, 543, 660
462
1, 545, 247
Value
161, 693
314
162, 869
Quantity
Gallons
8, 934, 045
60, 756
2, 273, 578
11,268,379
Value Quantity Value
Gallons
$1, 085, 617 12, 514, 150 $2, 568, 235
10, 462 147, 377 21, 096
278,138 1,619,903! 227,624
'4,145,722 979,444
1, 374, 217 18, 427, 152! 3, 796, 399
Quantity
Gallons
19, 465, 981
819
374, 845
13, 397, 787
33, 239, 432
Value
$3, 114, 867
189
64, 713
1, 576, 849
4, 756, 618
Imported from—
United Kingdom..
Netherlands
Germany
Belgium
Canada
All other countries .
Total
Quantity Value
Gallons
22, 383, 535
14, 471, 820
2, 406, 364
1, 537, 376
768, 442
41, 567, 537
$2, 235, 686
1, 528, 941
193, 804
184, 485
97, 533
4, 240, 449
1923
Quantity Value
Gallons
64, 199, 636
$10,071,393
BENZOL OR BENZENE
Imported from—
1918
1919
1920
1921
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Canada
Pounds
1, 315, 696
$33, 303
Pounds
217, 865
$5, 617
Pounds
486, 619
$10, 868
Pounds
1,562,951
159, 134
$39, 020
3,350
Total
1, 315, 696
33, 303
217, 865
5,617
486, 619
10, 868
1, 722, 085
42, 370
ported from —
1922
1923
In
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
172, 108
420
$1, 167
56
Pounds
Total
172, 528
1.223
701,901
$21,937
1 All from the Netherlands, except 6 gallons from Japan.
182
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1918-1 923— Continued
CRESOL i
Imported from—
1918
1919
1920
1921
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
England
Pounds
3, 051, 833
1, 676, 354
$256, 917
196,116
Pounds
4, 935, 748
1, 516, 610
800
$408, 407
149, 373
1,028
Pounds
6, 037, 223
4, 198, 397
16, 400
66, 050
$509, 710
382, 637
1,360
7,674
Pounds
1, 708, 992
934, 842
4,600
705, 448
$139, 737
86,380
501
Scotland
Canada
Germany
27,268
Total
4, 728, 187
453, 033
6, 453, 158
558, 808
10,318,070
901, 381
3, 353, 882
253,886
1 No imports in 1922 and 1923.
NAPHTHALENE
Imported from —
1918
1919
1920
1921
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
United Kingdom.
Belgium
Pounds
424, 147
$13, 253
Pounds
1, 342, 091
$47, 076
Pounds
10, 155, 579
413, 274
2, 959, 976
381, 740
98, 695
494, 644
168, 923
339,340
$357, 954
16, 972
78, 704
34, 135
7,653
17, 077
3,528
14, 198
Pounds
2, 644, 997
96, 928
1, 708, 868
42,683
2,320
$83, 353
5,412
Canada
1, 328, 496
44,540
1,836,478
43, 795
44,541
Germany
2,383
Japan
612
42
252
Italy
Australia
60, 075
1,352
All other coun-
tries
Total
1, 752, 643
57, 793
3, 239, 256
92, 265
15,012,171
530, 221
4, 495, 796
135, 941
Imported from—
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
United Kingdom...
Pounds
2, 488, 716
532, 935
110, 365
11,316
1,000
$38, 619
12, 823
2,047
446
94
Pounds
Canada
Netherlands
Japan
Total
3, 144, 332
54, 029
21, 036, 458
$578, 563
TAR AND PITCH OF COAL
Imported from —
1918
1919
1920
1921
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Barrels
51
$686
Barrels
600
100
25, 003
$2, 725
256
44, 093
Barrels
1,127
580
18, 824
150
$4, 166
3,706
41, 940
350
Barrels
7
$82
26, 499
49, 069
21, 948
13
47, 913
All other countries. _
53
Total...
26, 550
49, 755
25, 703
47, 074
20, 681
50, 162
21, 968
48,048
STATISTICS OP DOMESTIC IMPORTS AXD EXPORTS
183
Table^67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
191 8-1 923— Continued
TAR AND PITCH OF COAL— Continued
Imported from—
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Barrels
162
100
24,563
28
$1, 241
956
56,229
91
Barrels
Total.. -.-
24,853
58, 517
14, 775
$46, 825
TOLUOL OR
TOLUENE
Imported from —
1918
1919
1920
1921
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity 1 Value
Pounds
Pounds
1, 195, 706
$30, 768
Pounds
Pounds
Total
1, 195, 706
30, 768
Imported from —
1922
1923
Quantity Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
143, 900 $6, 044
337 17
Pounds
Total
144,237 ' 6,061
194, 660
$7,928
ALL OTHER CRUDES: VALUE
Imported from—
1918
1819
1820
1821
1922
1923
$823
57,364
825
104, 765
$54
42, 875
870
1,891
$10, 903
178, 866
1,581
876
9,179
$1, 507
19, 015
$308, 895
54,943
1,570
8,199
6,373
142
840
352
2,886
4
Total -.'
163, 777
45,690
204, 381
21,718
380, 122
$807, 641
CARBOLIC ACID
1918
1919
Imported from —
Carbolic acid, free
Carbolic acid,
dutiable (phenol)
Carbolic acid, free
Carbolic acid,
dutiable (phenol)
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
England
Pounds
155, 236
$17, 260
Pounds
208, 037
75,300
$54, 884
7,613
Pounds
1,619,823 $158,820
Pounds '
2, 061 $264
345, 466 28, 968
Total
155, 236
17, 260 283. 337
62, 497
1,965,289 187.788
2, 061 264
184
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1918-1923— Continued
CARBOLIC ACID— Continued
1920
1921
Imported from-
Parholir acid frpe Carbolic acid, Carbolic acid free Carbolic acid
carDonc acia, iree Hntiahio Cnhonnn ^arDonc acia, iree Hntiohio Cnhon
dutiable (phenol)
dutiable (phenol)
Quan-
tity
Pounds
England 178,652
Scotland 14,040
Canada
Total 192,692
Value
$18, 258
1,590
Quan-
tity
Value Q t ™-
Pounds
1,040
Pounds
$244 205, 113
9,072
19,848
1,040
244 214, 185
Value
$21, 841
"~i,~608'
Q ti?y n - Value
Pounds
250
$142
22,849
250
142
Imported from—
1922 i
1923'
Quantity Value Quantity Value
England
Netherlands
Germany.-
All other countries.
Total.
Pounds Pounds
610,789 $87,325
62,715 12,258
11,098 898
1,702 1,801
686,304
102, 282
61,561
$14, 762
i Dutiable
ALL OTHER ACIDS
Imported
from —
England
Japan
France...
Germany
All other coun-
tries
Total.
1918
1919
1920
1922
1923
Quan- v , Quan-
tity vame tity
Lbs.
125 $1,114
2
Lbs.
63
Value Rvalue ^ Value <g»- Value <§»"
$374
Lbs. I Lbs.
250 $1,087
11, 199 8, 182 .
309
500 11,263
$3,012
Lbs.
60,471
5
4,445
5,228
3
Lbs.
2,394.
8,938 9,936.
Value
130 1,116 63 374 11,758: 9,769 11,263 3,012 73,859 17,561 18, 944 $79, 517
I I __^_
ANILINE OIL
Imported
from—
France.
1918
1919
1920
Lbs
220 $72
1921
1922
1923
ANILINE
SALT
S
1918
1919 1920
1921 1922 1923
Imported
from —
'<g«- Value
^T Value Q?-
Value
Quan- v ^ Quan- ,-^ Quan-
tity vame tity vame tity
Value
England.
' Lbs. '
21,273 $3,250
Lbs. Lbs.
Lbs. Lbs. Lbs.
-. i\ $i
15 80
Total
. 21,273 3,250
4
1
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
185
Table 67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years.
1918-1923— Continued
ALL OTHER INTERMEDIATES
Imported from—
1918
1919
1920
1921
$41, 291
140, 095
191, 732
17,491
302, 235
41, 237
68, 323
$18, 774
62, 028
80,306
740
$26,611
Italv. .-
$15
48, 722
98, 502
4,348
82
20,788
15
Canada
40, 587
40, 650
29,264
Total -
4,363
96, 203
831, 668
341 602
Imported from —
1922
1923
45, 666
514, 437
83, 998
669, 475
62, 261
400
329
31, 180
83, 397
18, 898
124, 632
43, 856
39
308
Japan
All other countries
Total-
1, 376, 566
302, 310
2, 598, 281
513, 692
ALIZARIN AND DERIVATIVES
Imported from —
1918
1919
1920
1921
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
141,213
222, 417
25, 196
297
$197, 562
81, 393
18, 898
1,806
Pounds
285, 007
110
44, 026
2
$393, 374
440
4,310
1
15, 141
$572
3,739
• 2
58, 948
220
23, 417
215
$2, 517
21, 084
414
374
United Kingdom
54,869
5
46,283
5.906
444
32, 857
10, 314
689
13, 280 9, 964
12,483 ! 21,582
All other countries...
500
7,629
23
265
20,204 ' 29,870
Total
20, 392
70,890
23, 875
24, 280
441, 756
343, 519
375, 112 510. 038
Imported from-
1922
Quantity
Value
1923
Quantity Value
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Switzerland
United Kingdom...
Canada
All other countries .
Total
Pounds
1,232
1,560
7,379
323, 239
46, 340
47, 791
28, 672
22,758
$2, 359
2,240
10, 137
498, 548
57, 686
61,043
41, 670
28,002
249
Pounds
479, 858
701, 934
290, 130 $403, 612
1760— 24t 13
186
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION"
Table 67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1918-1 923— Continued
'■
ANTHRACENE
AND CARBAZOLE COLORS AND
DYES
Imported from —
19221
1923
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Germany
11,900
5,797
$23, 128
2,874
England - - -
Total...
17, 697
26, 002
8,319
$8, 976
COLOR LAKES
16
223
23
239
Total
239
262
4,263
$3, 635
i Beginning Sept. 22, 1922.
INDIGO
1918
1919
Imported from—
Indigo, natural
(dutiable)
Indigo, synthetic
(dutiable)
Indigo, natural
(dutiable)
Indigo, synthetic
(dutiable)
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
S witzerland
England
Pounds
25, 762
264, 975
1, 138, 176
234, 452
83, 709
$38, 719
463, 510
1, 284, 434
299, 554
108, 150
pounds
770, 212
6,817
$410, 421
5,587
Pounds
15, 796
10, 584
99, 597
60, 940
40, 557
$29, 857
16, 647
99, 901
67, 262
46,448
Pounds
726, 440
1,468
$388, 067
1,970
8,400
87, 570
5,729
36, 607
Total..
1, 747, 074
2, 194, 367
777, 029
416, 008
227, 474
260, 115
823,878
432, 373
1920
1921
1922
Imported
from —
Indigo,
natural
(dutiable)
Indigo,
synthetic
(dutiable)
Indigo,
natural
(dutiable)
Indigo,
synthetic
(dutiable)
Indigo,
natural
(dutiable)
Indigo,
synthetic
(dutiable)
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Switzerland.
England
Lbs.
57, 411
27, 269
10, 214
50, 066
4,346
2,850
$150, 957
51,556
20, 296
70, 008
5,171
7,392
Lbs.
285, 153
1,229
$252, 708
361
Lbs.
27, 366
9,245
13, 158
$55, 142
9,857
11,112
Lbs.
59, 873
6,895
$101,073
5,045
Lbs.
6,501
4,413
$9, 482
2,904
Lbs.
63, 355
2,000
$84, 553
818
400, 589
25, 029
172, 692
18, 220
331, 320
2,829
87, 407
2,288
5,324 I;
Germany...
882
2,382
1,536
1,462
610
1,756
Italy
54,422
37,311
532
6,813
128
4,962
929
401
All other
48
48
1,838
7,202
Total..
152, 204 1 305,428
766, 422
481, 292
52, 489
85, 695
408, 262
200, 903
12, 450
13, 848
72, 218
101, 448
1923
Imported from—
Indigo, natural
(dutiable)
Indigo, synthetic
(dutiable)
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Total.. -
Pounds
10. 473
$5, 216
Pounds
631
$45S
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
187
Table 67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1918-1928 — Continued
INDIGO, DYES, COLORS, STAINS, ETC.
(DUTIABLE) i
Imported from —
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Germany
Pounds
100
772
$752
730
Pounds
Italy
!
All other countries
Total :.
872
1,482
13, 809
$18, 174
i Sept. 22 to Dec. 31.
COAL-TAR COLORS OR DYES (DUTIABLE)
Imported from —
1918, value
1919
Quantity
Value
1920
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Belgium
France.
Germany
Switzerland
England
All other countries-
Total
$76, 506
1, 762, 688
561, 699
68, 546
Pounds
36, 968
11, 746
143, 031
1, 284, 199
609, 703
165, 750
$63,119
20, 853
83, 563
, 176, 463
664, 548
160, 730
Pounds
190, 414
70, 821
1, 155, 501
1, 372, 490
345, 889
351, 758
$153,020
100, 884
1, 565, 300
2, 693, 653
394, 668
351, 277
Pounds
31,813
62, 468
1, 050, 028
1, 504, 970
287, 377
169, 699
2, 469, 439
2, 215, 397 3, 169, 276 3, 486, 873
5, 258, 802
3, 106, 355
$56, 481
90,328
1, 718, 776
2, 005, 265
358, 463
216, 035
4, 445, 348
Imported from —
Belgium.
France
Germanv
Italy
Netherlands
Switzerland
England
All other countries.
Total
1922 1
Quantity Value
Pounds
1,941
36, 163
1, 138, 951
49, 657
48, 266
1, 109, 301
165, 683
3,614
2, 553, 576
16, 038
662, 608
51,584
75, 911
809, 778
139, 577
6,496
3, 762, 841
1922 2 3
Quantity
Pounds
15,111
266, 255
48, 248
73, 244
295, 470
31, 374
8,657
738, 359
Value
$17,523
344, 569
64,608
149, 538
390, 457
27, 812
12, 417
1, 006, 924
1923
Quantity
Value
Germany
Pounds
1, 580, 403
857, 466
108, 410
706, 103
$1, 945, 814
Switzerland
1,331,075
United Kingdom
111,969
All other countries
1, 035, 453
Total
3, 252, 382
4,424,311
ALL OTHER COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
Imported from —
1918 i
1919
1920
1921 1922
1923
France
$11,900
50
3,045
47, 548
32
Netherlands
Switzerland
England
Mexico
Total
62, 575
'" " ■
i Jan. 1 to Sept. 21.
2 Title changed to: Colors, dyes, stains, color acids and color bases, n. e. s.
3 Sept. 22 to Dec. 31.
* July 1 to Dec 31.
188
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 67. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1918-1923— Continued
MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS (VALUE)
Imported from —
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922'
1923
France -
$32, 129
$58, 749
$21, 724
59, 133
8
21, 203
523
18, 571
40, 339
87
$45, 378
124, 862
60
11,680
268
39, 151
59,681
$20, 089
. 74, 983
16, 953
25, 462
11
35, 473
31, 701
Italy
1,329
12, 257
94
1,761
20, 302
137
77, 162
154
7,499
Scotland
53, 324
114
1
16
Peru...
Venezuela... ^
69
351
162
3,816
6,142
10
299
227
35
3,947
Total
99, 372
172,211
165, 573
281, 607
208, 670
$212, 255
1 Sept. 22, to Dec. 31. Jan. 1 to Sept. 21, included in medicinal preparations (n. e. s.),a total value of
$372,674.
EXPLOSIVES
Quantity
Value
Italy
Pounds
5,470
$6, 843
Total
5,470
6,843
ALL OTHER FINISHED PRODUCTS
Imported from —
1918
1919
1920
1921
$4, 162
$25,955
$37, 192
21,406
6,715
10, 307
$39, 314
6,518
2,901
54, 502
816
1,447
57,166
15,011
2,657
29
302
Total..
62, 381
' 84,568
75, 649
63, 802
Imported from —
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
$430
16, 658
715
2,157
1
Pounds
Total
19, 961
14, 885
$51, 303
Table 68.-
-Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
1918-1923.
COAL TAR
Exported to —
1918
1919
1920
1921
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Barrels
2,069
54, 149
808
198
154
1,176
$12, 297
139, 456
6,288
1,505
1,739
7,435
Barrels
230
71, 749
2,759
475
45
1,334
$900
158, 205
20,166
3,174
301
15, 757
Barrels
243
74, 374
3,725
10
81
17
$1, 441
208, 561
23, 656
65
995
49
Barrels
212
91, 716
457
17
$1, 394
North America
South America
185, 063
3,125
1,857
4
43
Total
58, 554
168, 720
76, 592
198, 503
88,350
234, 767
92, 406
191,482
I
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
189
Table 68. — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
191S-1923— Continued
COAL TAR— Continued
Exported to —
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Europe.—
Barrels
46
101, 396
580
63
57
8
$392
209, 631
3,142
545
245
100
Barrels
South America
Total
102, 150
214, 055
513, 834 SI. 694. 494
COAL-TAR DISTILLATES, n.
Benzol
1918
Quantity
Pounds
France 32, 599, 682
Chile—. i
England
Germany
Canada
Belgium
Argentina
Japan
Italy
All other countries
Total.
136, 571
Value
$1, 854, 216
7,389
75, 442
136, 480
299, 659
46, 743
33, 294, 577
7,329
8,680
22, 704
4,042
1, 904, 360
1919
Quantity
Value
Pounds
12, 319, 900 $407, 622
113, 300
335, 799
973, 978
280, 442
215, 000
14, 238, 419
10, 197
21,313
60, 563
18, 590
16, 847
535, 132
1920
Quantity
Poiinds
2, 528, 494
229, 079
57, 500
669, 494
389, 783
3, 150, 240
353, 522
67, 200
4, 961, 878
767, 078
13, 174, 268
Value Quantity
I Pounds
$138,850 24,344,624
16,760
4, 970 46, 073, 896
36, 902
23, 904
238, 617
23, 907
6,720
357, 956
79, 354
44, 725
549, 896
900
348, 880
667, 479
927, 940 72, 030, 400
Value
$1, 095, 063
1, 797, 780
287
37, 571
81
22, 030
54, 355
3, 007, 086
1922
1923
•
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
France
Pounds
20, 158, 912
44, 697
39, 649, 410
448, 728
2, 045, 994
13, 405
445, 136
156, 251
48, 216
86, 350
17,312
1, 529, 483
96, 508
$738, 078
8,045
1, 390, 924
27, 400
69, 984
1,048
27,464
9,521
2,550
7,067
1,500
68, 935
10, 305
Pounds
Spain..
1
England
Ireland
Mexico
Argentina
Chile
Java and Maderia.
Australia
British South Africa
All other countries
Total
64, 740, 402
2, 362, 821
111,336,768
$3, 647, 660
ALL OTHER COAL-TAR DISTILLATES (VALUE)
Exported to —
1918
1919
1920
1921
France
$2, 188, 439
$33, 387
$445, 520
474, 793
290, 449
1, 632, 599
314, 641
615, 284
136, 063
193, 089
1, 158, 196
1, 632, 599
69, 016
$10, 347
Belgium
Italy
345, 407
927, 295
1, 477, 984
96, 798
78, 160
72, 162
475, 377
46,831
159, 377
14, 674
127, 583
105, 335
64,917
61,441
101,305
250, 061
8,144
336, 903
England. ,
28, 498
Canada
156, 917
Spain
26, 334
Mexico
14, 090
Brazil
32, 550
Japan.
79, 746
Switzerland...
44, 833
116, 193
Total.
5, 867, 830
1, 103, 750
6, 962, 249
509, 508
190
i
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 68. — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
1918-1923 — Continued
ALL OTHER COAL-TAR DISTILLATES (VALUE)— Continued
Exported to —
19221
1923 »
France.
$995
12, 849
51,718
1,444
15,454
13, 691
29, 738
2,561
3,644
22, 889
Belgium..
Canada.
Norway
Honduras.
Mexico
Brazil
Cuba.
Japan..
All other countries
Total.
154, 983
$300, 257
1 Includes toluol and solvent naphtha.
CARBOLIC ACID
Exported to—
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
15, 306
50, 096
7,009
91, 073
44,211
15, 451
$1, 143
4,040
694
9,100
4,563
3,683
Pounds
Mexico _
Cuba..
Japan
Kwangtung (leased territory)
All other countries
Total
223, 146
23, 223
232, 830
$34, 389
ANILINE OILS AND SALTS
Spain
10, 000
211,010
26, 895
29, 302
30, 600
17, 597
9,012
6,804
$1, 450
40, 919
3,575
7,000
6,120
2,993
1,610
1,945
Canada
Mexico.. „
British India
Japan..
Philippines
All other countries
Total
341, 220
65, 602
497, 457
$95, 023
NAPHTHALENE
6,000
17, 542
11,558
21, 127
11,853
14,610
8,388
18, 426
$1, 600
297
1,044
1,204
770
4,329
739
2,674
Total
109, 514
12, 657
95, 164
$10, 386
NITROBENZOL'
Norway
Canada
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Australia
All other countries..
Total
42, 980
26, 880
5,682
3,203
3,040
$2, 957
683
399
608
2,147
312
2,028
337
5,296
1 Included in other intermediates for 1923.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AXD EXPOETS
191
Table 6S. — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
1 91 8-1 923— Continued
OTHER INTERMEDIATES
1922
1923
Exported to —
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
• Pounds
Greece... 28,463
$7,280
13, 834
1,500
33, 695
3,481
1,636
8,275
1,823
65.047
12.910
11,844
6,277
Ponnds
172, 186
77, 642
Cuba
10,199
42, 618
12, 192
314, 774
54, 888
20, 050
31, 630
Chile
China
Total
S35. 134'
167, 602
1, 218, 183
$243, 060
COLOR LAKES i
Canada
Cuba
Peru
China
HongKong
Japan
All other countries.
16, 900
7,616
100
1,000
135
2,440
Total.
$14, 627
1,028
30
800
86
3,298
19.92S
1 Figures for 1923 included in other colors, dyes, and stains.
DYES AXD DYESTUFFS (VALUE)
Exported tc
1918
Aniline
dyes
Logwood
extracts
All other
1919
Aniline
dyes
Logwood
extracts
All other
Portugal...
Belgium
France
Germany
Italy..
Netherlands
Russia
Switzerland
United Kingdom...
Canada
Mexico
Central America. ..
"West Indies
South America
Asia
Oceania
Africa
Denmark
Spain
Sweden..
Norway
A1J other countries.
$176, 769
"*"~6,"345"
" "274," 903 ~
$10, 541
"263,"6l6"
""70," 237"
22, 500
380, 181
S3K. 44."
289, 327
5.617
23, 447
1, 719, 408
4, 248, 367
100, 490
3.993
7.728
345. 458
82,292
5,666
400
742
128.645
504,542
20, 194
715
518, 895
104, 748
22, 924
985
4,877
$131, 280
""496."875"
234, 238
12, 825
5,000
524, 576
724, 522
181, 029
5,498
35, 473
931, 600
2, 720, 399
133. 493
15, 534
1, 055
472, 222
4.529
6.761
$70, 296
90
127. 059
150
269, 130
26,284
8.570
193
413, 700
1, 015, 334
467. 806
5.941
34, 307
1, 651, 872
5. 565. 053
177, 9ti4
45, 566
5,334
535, 383
22,694
13, 663
267,682
$2,319
34. 787
596, 042
290
58, 716
21, 735
$36,063
19, 193
229, 689
"i80,"359
9,104
22, 824
304, 686
119.871
17, 438
892
137
66,099
48,063
14,041
1,508
9,671
18, 349
8,584
1,300
S. 584
423, 719
1, 007, 892
230, 359
14,544
40,900
585, 127
1. 921. 202
143. 223
8,281
2,438
84,544
15. 708
7.303
44, 780
Total 8,629,6111 1,551,380' 6, 636. 099 ; 10, 724. 071 1, 355, 936 \ 5, 004, 42S
192
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Table 68. — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
1918-1923 — Continued
DYES AND DYESTUFFS (VALUE)— Continued
Exported to—
Aniline
dyes
Logwood
extracts
All other
1921
Aniline
dyes
Logwood
extracts
All other
Portugal
Belgium
France ..
Germany..
Italy
Netherlands
Russia (European)
Switzerland
United Kingdom..
Canada
Mexico
Central America. .
West Indies
South America
Asia
Oceania
Africa
Denmark
Spain
Sweden
Norway
All other countries
Total
$66, 752
507, 371
807,241
454
582, 236
39, 682
100
182, 359
318, 468
547, 109
091, 603
13, 159
52, 745
282, 210
783, 303
277, 660
65, 077
26, 463
682, 998
67, 921
4,568
100, 971
$5, 970
118,339
607, 017
1,456
404, 367
73, 472
$20, 688
41,523
391. 060
7,745
275, 149
56, 057
$1, 432
100, 821
67, 535
653
45, 068
1,938
$6, 843
66, 762
13, 885
8,723
2,535
$45
8,334
6,352
70
6,590
60, 157
729, 026
183, 061
11,092
1,852
18, 144
45, 586
195, 493
41,283
1,248
2,903
77, 183
1,250
1,110
25, 051
92,017
1, 079, 871
982, 665
210, 145
13, 730
97, 922
497, 029
3, 208, 107
134, 196
28, 251
2,794
149, 365
29, 802
15. 998
38, 997
20, 374
165, 711
584, 664
149, 009
7,982
1,585
432, 881
3,131,071
. 207, 473
61, 699
1,305
36, 844
2,786
1,800
44, 369
21, 096
71,331
3,560
975
91
16, 466
347, 610
13, 190
486
535
22, 450. 480
2, 605, 060
7, 373, 111
5, 067, 000
15, 868
19
58, 630
423, 914
132, 075
5.680
2,057
89, 156
333, 709
51, 743
13, 179
3,849
12, 040
8,976
1,304
45, 433
589, 756
1, 203, 155
OTHER COLORS, DYES, AND STAINS
1922
1923"
Exported to —
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
107, 712
12, 100
16, 830
25, 702
16,915
24, 973
87, 566
16, 139
1, 861, 255
159, 857
39, 344
425, 551
753, 425
3, 588, 563
959, 409
33, 584
58, 665
36, 680
28, 542
71, 397
$76, 342
11,975
8,434
51,469
2,792
10, 787
42> 426
5,342
1, 108, 518
87, 920
27, 335
323, 922
311,504
924, 026
844, 458
8,618
31, 265
21, 439
31, 976
50, 669
Pounds
Italy
Total .'
8, 324, 209
3, 981, 217
17, 924, 536
i $5, 565, 371
MEDICINALS
Belgium
Greece
Turkey in Europe
England
Canada
Honduras
Mexico
Cuba
Venezuela
British India
Australia
British South Africa
All other countries...
Total
3,040
3,300
297, 223
80, 540
55, 874
5,916
37, 829
11,375
3,148
3, 330
27, 575
4,848
20, 168
554, 166
$450
850
80, 954
31,709
13, 001
3,091
30, 476
16, 122
1,796
3,107
21. 135
3,863
17, 992
224, 546
237, 975
$164, 160
1 Includes color lakes.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
193
Table 68.- — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
1 91 8-1 923— Continued
SYNTHETIC PHENOLIC RESINS *
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
500
121, 183
250
1,600
4,620
$69
7,786
43
1,762
3,523
Pouuds
128, 153
13, 183
2 Included in total " Other coal-tar finished products, n. e. s," for 1923.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS
England.
Canada
Mexico
Cuba
Argentina
Japan
Philippines
Australia
New Zealand
All other countries
Total -
11,274
$4, 896
65,411
15, 971
15,019 ,
7,228
16,738
6,306
24, .526
9,124
39,815
26, 809
11,709
5, 509
10,806
9,018
13,094
4,302
39,727
14, 690
248, 119
103, 853
214, 160
,317
OTHER COAL-TAR FINISHED PRODUCTS, N. E. S.
37, 226
80, 800
48, 767
264, 009
2, 797, 967
28, 262
67, 434
470, 344
95,545
984, 063
107, 043
39, 692
78, 574
80, 661
80, 470
67,948
21, .533
194, 752
$1,540
2,560
1,275
33,285
63, 908
2,655
2,079
26, 902
5,401
43, 497
8,831
2,598
4,664
13, 442
13,415
17, 550
4,533
24, 707
Cuba
Chile
Total
5, 545, 090
272, 842
4, 527, 146
$480, li
194
UNITED STATES TAEIFF COMMISSION
Table 69. — Imports and exports of inks, 1918-
IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION
Calendar
year
Ink and ink
powders l
Printers' ink 2
Writing and copying
inks
All other, including
ink powders
Quan-
tity
Value
Rate of
duty
Value
Duty
col-
lected
Rate of
duty
Value
Duty
col-
lected
Rate of
duty
Value
Duty
col-
lected
1918
Pounds
Per cent
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
$4, 154
199
15, 228
5,554
9,259
7,070
5,613
$623
30
2,284
833
1,389
1,414
1,123
Per cent
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
$13, 363
15, 116
15, 505
4,625
6,279
3,125
4,979
$2, 004
2,267
2,326
694
942
625
996
Per cent
15
15
15
15
15
20
20
$6, 343
8,143
10, 657
10, 813
7,907
2,877
13, 265
$951
1919^
1,221
1920
1,599
1921
1,622
1922 3
1,186
1922<
1923
33, 783
101, 993
13, 132
23, 730
r >75
2,653
DOMESTIC EXPORTS
Exported to—
Calendar year
1918
Printers'
ink
All
other
inks
1919
Printers'
ink
All
other
inks
1920
Printers'
ink
All
other
inks
1921
Print-
ers' ink
All
other
inks
1922
Print-
ers' ink
All
other
inks
Europe $48,394
North America... 256, 507
South America..
Asia
Oceania.
Africa...
Total.
353, 023
224, 345
116, 424
42, 189
$25, 371
206, 360
100, 833
67, 736
42, 452
5,429
$210,482 $68,382
320,008 297,959
603, 758 210,212
435,664 155,420
113,2881 109,962
29, 726! 14, 282
$224, 129
366, 784
535, 265
579, 843
171, 640
15,091
$96, 699
328, 889
208, 272
187, 988
105, 984
$101,914
321, 389
140, 612
291, 719
108, 453
6,743
$71, 818
200, 361
49, 336
75, 867
45, 017
6,700
1, 040, 882
448, 181
1,712,926! 856,217
1, 892, 752
936, 719
970, 830
449, 099
$993,352
$328,978
Calendar year
Exported to-
1922
* 1923
Writing
ink
Printers'
and litho-
graphic ink
Other ink
Writing
ink
Printers'
and litho-
graphic ink
Other ink
$30, 722
76, 003
25, 023
62, 790
7,992
1,417
$103, 790
288, 293
193, 371
255, 151
140, 653
12, 094
$17,447
69, 595
7,556
20, 191
8,474
1,768
Total
203, 947
993,352
125, 031
$257, 909
$1,273,813
$200, 744
1 General import figures.
2 Beginning Sept. 22, 1922, heading changed to "Printers' and lithographic ink.
3 Jan. 1 to Sept. 21.
* Sept. 22 to Dec. 31.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPOETS AND EXPORTS 195
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1928
Name of company
Abbott Laboratories
Acids Manufacturing Corporation
Agawam Chemical Works (Inc.) --
Althouse Chemical Co
Alyco Manufacturing Co. (Inc.)
Amalgamated Dyestuff & Chemical Works
(Inc.).
American Aniline Products (Inc.)
American Tar Products Co. (Inc.)
Amido Products Co
Anderson Chemical Co.. - ...
Ansbacher & Co., A. B._
Atlantic Dyestuff Co.. . -.-
Atlantic Tar & Chemical Works (Ltd.)
Atlas Color Works
Baird & McQuire (Inc.)
Barrett Co. -
Bayer Co. (Inc.)
Beaver Chemical Corporation ..
Beaver Manufacturing Co.
Berghausen Chemical Co., E_.
Berkheimer Manufacturing Co., J. E_
Brooklyn Color Works (Inc.)
Brown Co..
Bush Co. (Inc.), W. J.
Butterworth-Judson Corporation.
Cable Chemical Works
Calco Chemical Co..
California Ink Co
Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corporation
Carey Manufacturing Co., Philip
Celluloid Co
Central Dyestuff & Chemical Co
Central Specialty Co
Certain-teed Products Corporation
Chatfield Manufacturing Co., The..
Chemical Company of America (Inc.), The
Childs & Co. (Inc.), Charles M
Chiris & Co., Antoine
Cincinnati Chemical Works (Inc.)
Citizens Gas Co
Coleman & Bell Co., The
Office address (location of plant given in paren-
theses if not in same city as office)
4753 Ravenswood Avenue, Chicago, 111.
50 East Forty-Second Street, New York, N. Y.
(Packer, Conn.)
10 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I. (North
Attleboro, Mass.)
500-540 Pear Street, Reading, Pa.
86-90 Orange Street, Bloomfield, N.J.
Plum Point Lane, Newark, N. J.
80 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Lock
Haven, Pa.)
208 South La Salle Street, Chicago, 111. (Youngs-
town, Ohio; St. Louis, Mo.; Woodward, Ala ;
Carrollville, Wis.; Follansbee, W. Va.; Chicago,
111.)
126 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. (228 Em-
met Street, Newark, N. J.)
P. O. Box 307, Passaic, N. J. (266 Main Avenue,
Wallington, N. J.)
527 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
Box 89, Portsmouth, N. H. (Newington, N. H.)
P. O. Box 234, Bayway, Elizabeth, N. J.
322 Ninth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Holbrook, Mass.
40 Rector Street, New York, N. Y. (Plants dis-
tributed throughout United States.)
117 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Rensse-
laer, N. Y.)
Damascus, Va.
Ballardvale, Mass.
915 Carr Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2928 South M Street, Tacoma, Wash.
Stewart Avenue and Cherry Street, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
404 Commercial Street, Portland, Me. (Berlin,
N. H.)
370 Seventh Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Lin-
den, N. J.)
30 Church Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark,
N.J.)
1700 Elston Avenue, Chicago, 111. (Cable, Wis.)
Boundbrook, N. J.
Station A, West Berkeley, Calif.
30 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(Clendenin, W. Va.)
Lockland, Ohio.
36 Washington Place, New York, N. Y. (290
Ferry Street, Newark, N. J.)
Plum Point Lane, Newark, N. J.
524 Delaware Street, Kansas City, Mo.
100 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(East St. Louis, 111.)
Seventy-fourth and Lebanon Streets, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
46 Murray Street, New York, N. Y. (Spring-
field, N. J.).
43 Summit Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
147-153 Waverly Place, New York, N. Y. (Dela-
wanna, N. J.)
Evanston Station, Box 20, Cincinnati, Ohio.
(Norwood and St. Bernard, Ohio.)
Majestic Building, Indianapolis, Ind.
Norwood, Ohio.
196 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1923 — Con.
Name of company
Office address (location of plant given in paren-
theses if not in same city as office)
Combustion Utilities Corporation
Commercial Solvents Corporation
Commonwealth Chemical Corporation.
Commonwealth Color & Chemical Co..
Consolidated Color & Chemical Co
Cooks Falls Dye Works (Inc.)...
Cooper & Co. (Inc.), Charles
Coopers Creek Chemical Co
Corona Chemical Division (Pittsburgh Plate
Glass Co.).
Crescent Color & Chemical Works
Croton Color & Chemical Co. (Inc.) .
Crown Tar Works
Crystal Chemical Co.
David Chemical Co., Albert.
Debrook Co. (Inc.)
Dehls & Stein
Delta Chemical & Iron Co
Devoe & Reynolds Co. (Inc.).
Diarsenol Laboratories (Inc.).
Do van Chemical Corporation.
Dow Chemical Co
duPont de Nemours & Co., E.I.
Dye Products & Chemical Co
Dyes & Chemicals of New Jersey (Inc.) .
Dyestuffs & Chemicals (Inc.)
Eakins (Inc.), J. S. & W. R
Eastman Kodak Co
Essential Oil Co
Essex Aniline Works (Inc.)
Federal Color Laboratories (Inc.) .
Finch Chemical Co., L. S
Fine Colors Co. (Inc.)
Fletcher Chemical Co
Florasynth Laboratories (Inc).
Foster-Heaton Co
Franken Color Works, A.
Fries Bros.
Fries & Fries Co
Garfield Aniline Works.
Gary Chemical Co...
Gaskill Chemical Corporation.
Gebauer Chemical Co
General Synthesis Co
Goodrich Co., The B. F _.
Grahame Chemical Co
Granton Chemical Co
Grasselli Chemical Co
Harmer Laboratories Co.
Harmon Color Works (Inc.).
Heller & Merz Co
Hermann Co., Morris
Heyden Co. of America (Inc.)
nind & Harrison Plush Co., The.
Hooker Electrochemical Co
Hord Color Products Co., The.
Huggins & Son, James
8-10 Bridge Street, New York, N. Y. (Toledo,
Ohio.)
17 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(Terre Haute, Ind.; Peoria, 111.)
25 West Forty-third Street, New York, N. Y
(Newark, N. Y.)
Nevins, Butler, and Baltic Streets, Brooklyn,
N. Y.
122 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark,
N.J.)
68 Williams Street, New York, N. Y. (Cooks
Falls, N. Y.)
Van Buren and Clifford Streets, Newark, N. J.
West Conshohocken, Pa.
213-215 Lake Street, Milwaukee, Wis.
Fifty-ninth Street and Eleventh Avenue, New
York, N. Y. (Dunnellen, N. J.)
293 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (Croton-on-
Hudson, N. Y.)
900 Fifteenth Street, Denver, Colo.
3414 North Karlov Avenue, Chicago, 111.
44 Watts Street, New York, N. Y. (Chicago
Heights, 111.)
1105 Metropolitan Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
237 South Street, Newark, N. J.
Wells, Delta County, Mich.
101 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. (New York
N. Y., and Chicago, 111.)
454 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y.
30 Church Street. New York, N. Y. (441 River-
side Avenue, Newark, N. J.)
Midland, Mich
Wilmington, Del. (Deepwater Point and Lodi,
N.J.)
200 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (202
Vanderpool St., Newark, N. J.)
702 Court Street. Brooklyn, N. Y.
11th and Monroe Streets, St. Louis, Mo.
24 Wallabout Street, New York, N. Y.
343 State Street, Rochester, N. Y.
Mulberry and New York Avenues, Trenton,
N.J.
88 Broad Street. Boston, Mass. (So. Middleton
Mass.)
Norwood, Ohio.
R. F. D. No. 2, Box 143, Los Angeles, Calif.
(Vernon. Calif.)
2129 McBride Avenue, Paterson, N. J.
South River, N. J.
Olmstead and Starling Avenues, Unionport,
N. Y.
2731 Badger Avenue, Newark, N. J.
116 West Thirty-second Street, New York, N,
Y. (Chatham, N. J.)
92 Reade Street, New York, N. Y. (Bloomfield ,
N.J.)
1501 West Sixth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Midland Avenue, Garfield, N. J.
749 Broadway, Gary, Ind. (Chesterton, Ind.)
157 Spencer Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
619 Bangor Building, Cleveland, Ohio.
53 Canal Street, Providence, R. I.
Akron, Ohio.
P. O. Box 88, Trenton, N. J.
350 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. (New
Brunswick, N. J.)
Cleveland, Ohio. (Rensselaer, N. Y.; Grasselli,
N.J.)
2 South Twenty-first Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
(Lansdowne, Pa.)
361-371 Harman Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
338 Wilson Avenue, Newark, N.J.
200 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (878 Mt.
Prospect Ave., Newark, N. J.)
80 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Garfield,
N.J.)
Clark Mills, N. Y.
25 Pine Street, New York, N. Y. (Niagara Falls,
N. Y.)
1636 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio.
239 Medford Street, Maiden, Mass.
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPOSTS AND EXPORTS 197
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 1923— Con.
Name of company
Office address (location of plant given in paren-
theses if not in same city as office)
Hydrocarbon Chemical Co
Hynson, Westcott & Dunning
Imperial Color Works (Inc.)- -- ■
Independent Coal Tar Co
Interstate Chemical Co ..
Ising Corporation, The C. E .,
Kent Color Corporation . .
Kentucky Color & Chemical Co ..
Kerin Manufacturing Co., The
Klipstein & Sons Co., E. C ._
Kober Chemical Co
Kohnstann & Co. (Inc.), H
Lakeview Laboratories
LaMotte Chemical Products Co
Lasher & Co. (Inc.), F. G
Lee Co., A
Lewis Mfg. Co., F. J
Lucas Paint Co., Alston.
Lucas & Co. (Inc.), John
Maas & Waldstein Co.
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works...
Marx Color & Chemical Co., Max
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
May Chemical Works
Maywood Chemical Works
Mepham & Co., George S
Merck & Co
Merrimac Chemical Co
Metz Laboratories (Inc.), H. A
Miner-Edgar Co., The
Monsanto Chemical Works
Morana (Inc.)
National Ammonia Co. of Pennsylvania
National Aniline & Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Naugatuck Chemical Co
New England Aniline Works (Inc.)
New Haven Gas Light Co
New York Color & Chemical Co
New York Quinine & Chemical Works (Inc.)
Newport Company, The
Niagara Alkali Co
Niagara Smelting Corporation
Noil Chemical & Color Works (Inc.)
Northwestern Chemical Co
Norvell Chemical Corporation
Oldbury Electrochemical Co
Organo-C hemico Co
Palatine Aniline & Chemical Corporation
Passaic Color Corporation
Peerless Color Co
Pennsylvania Coal Products Co — _.
Perth Amboy Chemical Works
Pfizer & Co., Charles
Pharma Chemical Corporation
Portland Gas & Coke Co..
Powers- Weight man-Rosengarten Co
Providence Chemical Laboratories
Puritan Dye Az Chemical Co
Quaker Oats Co
Radiant Dye & Color Works
Republic Creosoting Co
951 East Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Charles and Chase Streets, Baltimore, Md.
Glens Falls, N. Y.
88 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. (Taunton, Mass.)
667 Garfield Avenue, Jersey City, N. J.
Flushing, N. Y.
2 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Thirty-fourth Street south of Bank Street.
(Louisville, Ky.)
Central National Bank, Marietta, Ohio.
644 Greenwich Street, New York, N. Y. (Car-
teret, N. J.; South Charleston, W. Va.)
Nepera Park, N. Y.
87 Park Place, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
2 Jersey Street, Buffalo, N. Y.
13 West Saratoga Street, Baltimore, Md.
Maspeth and Gardner Avenues, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Lawrence, Mass. (Methuen, Mass.)
2513 South Robey Street, Chicago, 111.
1031 Currier Street, Chicago, 111.
322 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (Gibbsboro,
Camden County, Pa.)
45 John Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark,
N.J.)
3600 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
192 Coit Street, Irvington. N. J.
Room 540, State House, Boston, Mass.
204 Niagara Street, Newark, N. J.
Maywood, N. J.
Twentieth and Lynch Avenues, E. St. Louis, 111.
45 Park Place, New York. N. Y. (Rahway, N. J.)
148 State Street, Boston, Mass. (Woburn, Mass.)
122 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
110 William Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark,
N.J.)
1724 South Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
118 East Twenty-seventh Street, New York,
N. Y. (Elizabeth, N. J.)
Delaware Avenue and Kirk Street, Philadelphia,
Pa.
40* Rector Street, New York, N. Y. (Buffalo,
N. Y.; Marcus Hook, Pa.)
Naugatuck, Conn.
95 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. (Ashland, Mass.)
80 Crown Street, New Haven, Conn.
Belleville, N.J. (Belleville, N.J. ; Philadelphia,
Pa.)
152-154 William Street, New York, N. Y.
(Brooklyn, N. Y.)
P. O. Box, 1582, Milwaukee, Wis. (Carrollville,
Wis.; Passaic, N. J.)
Buffalo Avenue, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Bridge Station, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
152 West One hundred and eighth Street, New
York, N. Y.
137 Sixth Avenue, Wauwatosa, Wis.
99 John Street, New York, N. Y. (Perth Am-
boy, N.J.)
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio.
81 North Water Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
50-60 Eighth Street, Passaic, N. J.
521-535 North Avenue, Plainfield, N. J.
Reiber Building, Butler, Pa.
709-717 Sixth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Perth
Amboy, N. J.)
81 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y.
233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (Bayonne,
N.J.)
Gasco Building, Portland, Oreg.
916 Parrish Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
51 Empire Street, Providence, R. I.
Northborough, Mass.
80 East Jackson Street, Chicago, 111. (Cedar
Rapids, Iowa.)
2837 West Twenty-first Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
1614 Merchants Bank Building, Indianapolis,
Ind. (Norfolk, Va.; Seattle, Wash.; St.
Louis Park, Minn.; Mobile, Ala.; Indian-
apolis, Ind.)
198 UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals, 192S — Con.
Name of company
Office address (location of plant given in paren-
theses if not in same city as office)
Rhodia Chemical Co
Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co
Rossville Co., The
Ruxton (Inc.), Philip
Sanborn Chemical Works
Selden Co -
Sepoy Color & Chemical Co
Seydel Chemical Co
Sherwin-Williams Co ....
Siegle Corporation of America, G— .
Siemon & Elting (Inc.) ...
Sinclair & Valentine Co
Southern Dyestufis Co
Special Chemicals Co -
Springdale Finishing Co. (Inc.)
Squibb & Sons, E. R
Stearns & Co., Frederick
Sterling Chemical Works (Inc.)
Sun Chemical & Color Co
Synfleur Scientific Laboratories (Inc.)
Synthetical Laboratories of Chicago
T. M. & Q. Chemical Co
Tar Products Corporation
Terpene Chemical Co
Texdel Chemical Co
Textile Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Thatcher Process Co. (Inc.)
Todd Co., A. M
Trico Chemical Co
Uhlich & Co. (Inc.), Paul
Ullman Co., Sigmund
Ultro Chemical Corporation
U. S. Industrial Chemical Co
Van Dyk & Co
Van Schaack Bros. Chemical Works
Vernon Synthetic Chemical Corp. (Inc.).
Verona Chemical Co
Victor Chemical Works
Wamesit Chemical Co
Warner-Jenkinson Co
Western Dry Color Co ..
Westvaco Chlorine Products (Inc.)
White Tar Company of N. J. (Inc.)', The
White Chemical Co., Wilbur
Wilhelrn Co., The A
Williamsburg Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Wolff-Alport Chemical Corporation
Wyoming Dyestuff & Chemical Corp
Yocum Laboratories (Inc.)
Zinsser & Co
89 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. (New
Brunswick, N. J.)
709-717 Sixth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Niag-
ara Falls, N. Y.)
Lawrenceburg, Ind.
220 West Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(Brooklyn, N. Y.)
Putnam, Conn.
339 Second Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
371 Durham Avenue, Metuchen, N. J.
86 Forrest Street, Jersey City, N. J. (Nitro,
W. Va.)
601 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio. (Kensington,
111.)
Chestnut & Tompkins Avenue, Rosebank,
. Staten Island, N. Y.
93 Nassau Street, New York, N. Y. (Irvington,
N. J.)
11 St. Clair Place, New York, N. Y.
Nitro, W. Va.
Highland Park, 111.
Pine Street, Canton, Mass.
80 Beekman Street, New York, N. Y. (Brook-
lyn, N. Y.; New Brunswick, N. J.)
6533 East Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
344 Thomas Street, Newark, N. J.
309 Sussex Street, Harrison, N. J.
Monticello, N. Y.
1326 W. Congress Street, Chicago, HI.
Elizabeth, N. J.
1404 Turk's Head Building, Providence, R. I.
(East Providence, R. I.)
409 W. Washington Street, Sandusky, Ohio.
120 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y. (Jersey
City and Nutley, N. J.)
Public Street and Aliens Avenues, Providence,
R.I.
523 Tracy Street, Syracuse, N. Y.
North Rose Street, Kalamazoo, Mich.
502 Iroquois Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
11 Cliff Street, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
Park Avenue and One-hundred and Forty-sixth
Street, New York, N. Y.
41 Union Square, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
110 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(Baltimore, Md.)
4-6 Piatt Street, New York, N. Y. (Jersey City,
N.J.)
3358 Avondale Avenue, Chicago, 111.
166 Vernon Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y.
26 Verona Avenue, Newark, N. J.
343 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. (Chi-
cago Heights, 111.)
Lowell, Mass. (Wamesit, Mass.)
2526 Baldwin Street, St. Louis, Mo .
Fifty-second and Wallace Streets, Chicago, 111.
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, N. Y. (South
Charleston, W. Va.)
56 Vesey Street, New York, N. Y. (Kearney,
N. J.; Cincinnati, Ohio.)
Owego, N. Y.
Third and Bern Streets, Reading, Pa.
230 Morgan Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
593 Irving Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
1 Carbon Street, Scranton, Pa.
168 Coit Street, Irving, N. J.
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.
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