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UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Tariff Information Series— No. 33
CENSUS OF DYES
AND
OTHER SYNTHETIC ORGANIC
CHEMICALS
?
1924
t PUBLIC ; . \ y
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1925
BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY
3 9999 06317 180 3
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
WASHINGTON
Tariff Information Series — No. 33
CENSUS OF DYES
AND OTHER SYNTHETIC ORGANIC
CHEMICALS
1924
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1925
I/.- S. SUPERiNrENDENT Of DOCUMENT^,
OCT 8 192S
UNITED STATES TARIFF COMMISSION
Office: Eighth and E Streets NW., Washington, D. C.
COMMISSIONERS
Thomas O. Marvin, Chairman.
Alfred P. Dennis, Vice Chairman.
Edward P. Costigan.
Henry H. Glassie.
A. H. Baldwin.
Edgar B. Brossard.
John F. Bethune, Secretary.
II
ADDITIONAL COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C.
AT
25 CENTS PER COPY
CONTENTS
Page
Introduction ix
Part I
Summar}- of census of dyes and other sjmthetic organic chemicals, 1924:
Introduction 1
Summary of domestic production 1924 —
Crudes 2
Intermediates 2
Dyes 3
Production declines 27 per cent 3
Dye prices record further reduction 4
New dyes 4
Relation of production to consumption 4
Expenditures for research 4
Record output of vat dyes 4
Production of dyes by classes 5
Effect of tariff reduction on dye imports 5
Imports 5
Exports 5
Other finished coal-tar products —
Color lakes 6
Photographic chemicals 6
Medicinals 6
Perfumes and flavors 6
Synthetic phenolic resins 6
Synthetic tanning materials 6
Statistics of production 7
International dye trade 8
Synthetic organic chemicals not derived from coal tar 11
Part II
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1924:
Coal-tar crudes 15
Output of by-product coke exceeds 33,000,000 tons 15
Production of tars 16
Total commercial production of crudes 17
Creosote oil 22
Other crudes 22
Exports 23
Coal-tar intermediates —
Description 23
Production 23
Rubber accelerators 24
Large increase in phenol output - 24
Aniline and its derivatives ' 24
Sodium benzoate 25
Naphthalene intermediates 25
Record production of phthalic anhydride 26
Anthraquinone 26
New intermediates 27
Prices of intermediates 28
Statistics of production 29
III
TV
CONTENTS
Production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1924 — Continued.
Dyes and other finished coal-tar products — Page
Introduction 35
Summary of dye production-
Decline in production 36
Stocks on hand 36
Decline in price 37
Relation of production to consumption 40
New dyes produced 41
Tariff considerations —
American selling prices applied to coal-tar products 41
Effect of tariff reduction on imports 43
Production of dyes by classes 46
Acid 48
Basic 50
Direct cotton 51
Mordant and chrome 52
Sulphur 53
Vat 54
Description 54
Production and imports 55
German production of vat dyes 56
Color-lake and spirit soluble 56
Food dyes 57
Dyes exported from the United States 57
Other finished coal-tar products 61
Color lakes 61
Photographic chemicals 61
Medicinals 61
Flavors and perfume materials 62
Synthetic phenolic resins 64
Synthetic tanning materials 64
Statistics of production 65
Dyes not classified by Schultz number 72
Employees and rates of pay 77
Research work ... 79
Part III
Dyes imported for consumption in the United States, 1924:
Introduction 83
Summary of imports of dyes in 1924 84
Import statistics 84
Index to table of dye imports . 112
Part IV
Census of synthetic organic chemicals other than those of coal-tar origin,
1924:
Introduction 121
Developments in the industry 121
Synthetic aromatic chemicals 121
Acetylene derivatives 122
Butanol 123
Chlorine derivatives 123
Petroleum derivatives 124
Esters 124
Formaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine 124
Pharmaceuticals 124
Tetraethy 1 lead - - - 124
Investigation of oxalic acid and barbital (diethylbarbituric acid)
under section 315 125
Oxalic acid 125
Barbital 125
Foreign developments 126
Methanol 126
Butyl alcohol 126
Glass substitute 126
Statistics of production and sales 127
CONTENTS V
Part V
International dye trade:
Summary of world's production and trade — P=^ge
Pre-war situation 135
Increase in productive capacity 135
Germany's export trade 136
Exports from producing countries 137
Imports into consuming countries 138
Competition in export markets ^ 139
Price reductions 141
Protective measures adopted by dye producing countries 141
Affiliations and branch plants 142
Trend in dye manufacture 143
New dyes for acetate silk 143
New water-soluble vat dyes 143
Other developments 144
Research 145
German dye industrj^ 145
German dye output in 1924 increases 145
' Consolidations within I. G 146
New products made by I. G 147
Agreements with foreign industries 147
German-Russian dyestuflf agreement 147
Other agreements 147
American loans to German dye industry 148
Balance sheets of I. G. companies 148
Germany's foreign trade in dyes 149
Dye trade of Great Britain —
Imports ISC^
Exports 150
Dj'e industry of France —
Production 1^2
Imports and exports 1^2
Dye industry of Japan —
Subsidy to dye industry 158
Consolidation of German dye agencies in Japan 158
Imports and exports 159
Dye industry of Poland —
Introduction 159
Pre-war production 159
Post-war developments 16"
Tar production 1^0
Crudes 160
Intermediates production 161
Consumption of dyes 161
Dye-consuming industries 161
Dye industry of Spain 162
Dye trade of other countries 16^
Argentina 163
Austria 163
Belgium 164
Brazil 164
Canada 164
China 165
Czechoslovakia 165
Dutch East Indies 167
Egypt ;68
India 169
Italy 169
Netherlands :|'y
Sweden j^l
Switzerland J^^
Earnings of Swiss dye manufacturers in 1924 173
VI CONTENTS
International dye trade — Continued.
Import tariff rates and regulations of the world's chief dye producing
and consuming nations — Page
Introduction 173
Argentina 174
Australia 174
Belgium .._ 175
Bolivia 175
Brazil 175
Bulgaria _.- 176
Chile 176
China 176
Columbia 177
Czechoslovakia 177
Ecuador 177
Egypt 177
France 178
Germany 178
India 179
Italy 180'
Japan 180
Mexico 182
Persia 182
Poland 182
Rumania 182
Russia 183
Spain 183
Switzerland 183
United Kingdom 183
Venezuela 184
United States 184
Part VI. Appendix
Statistics of domestic imports and exports of coal-tar products 189
Directory of manufacturers of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals,
1924 211
Statistical Tables
1. Summary of the production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1918-
1924 7
2. Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar
origin, 1921-1924 11
3. Production of by-product and beehive coke in the United States,
1913-1924 15
4. Production and sales of coke-oven, coal-gas, water-gas, and oil-gas tar
in the United States, 1918-1924 16
5. Production and disposition of coke-oven tar in the United States,
1918-1924 17
6. By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1922-1924 18
7. Production of coal-tar crudes, 1924, by firms not primarily engaged in
the operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses 20
8. Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all sources in the United States, 1918-1924 21
9. Domestic prices of phthalic anhydride, 1917-May, 1925 26
10. Domestic sale price of coal-tar intermediates, 1917-1924, compared
with invoice price in 1914 29
11. Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924 29
12. Production of intermediates, by groups, according to unit values,
1921-1924 35
13. Domestic production and sales of coal-tar dyes, 1914 and 1917-1924. 36
14. Stocks of domestic dyes on hand, January 1, 1924 and 1925 37
15. Weighted average sales price of domestic dyes, 1917-1924 37
16. Domestic sales prices of 100 dyes, 1917-1924, compared with invoice
values of the same dyes imported, 1914 38
17. Duty on dyes under the tariff act of 1922 44
CONTENTS VII
Page
18. Imports of coal-tar dyes into the United States 45
19. Comparison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914, with do-
mestic production, calendar j^ears 1917-1924 1 46
20. Production, imports, and consumption of vat dyes other than indigo
in the United States, 1914 and 1920-1924 55
21. Production of vat dyes (other than indigo) in Germany, 1920-1924. _ 56
22. Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-1925 (three months) 28
23. Imports of synthetic aromatic chemicals of coal-tar origin, 1924 63
24. Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1924 65
25. Production of dyes, by groups, according to unit values 77
26. Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry, 1924_ 78
27. Imports of dyes into the United States, bv country of shipment, 1920-
1924 1 84
28. Dyes imported into the United States, classified by method of appli-
cation, 1921-1924 84
29. Dyes of each class according to method of application, imported in
largest quantity, 1924, compared with corresponding imports, 1923,
1922, 1921, and 1914 85
30. Imports of d3'es, calendar year, 1924 88
31. Production of butanol and other solvents 123
32. Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1924. (Not de-
rived from coal tar.) 127
33. Comparison of production of synthetic organic chemicals, 1923, 1924. 131
34. Imports and production of certain svnthetic organic chemicals (non-
coal tar), 1923, 1924 _' 131
35. Production of dves by the chief producing countries, 1920-1924 136
36. Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913 and 1920-1924 137
37. Exports of coal-tar dves from chief producing countries, 1913, 1921-
1924 .' 138
38. Imports of dyes into chief consuming countries, 1913, 1921-1924 139
39. Production of coal-tar dyes in Germany, 1913 and 1920-1924 145
40. One-quarter of production in German dye plants reserved for purchase
of allied and associated governments, 1920 to 1924 146
41. Balance sheets of the constituent concerns of the Interessen Gemein-
schaf t, as of January 1 , 1924 148
42. Germany: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 149
43. The United Kingdom: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1923 150
44. The United Kingdom: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1923 151
45. The United Kingdom: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 151
46. Weight of dyestuffs imported into the United Kingdom, by countries,
1924 152
47. France: Production of coal-tar dyes, 1920-1924 152
48. France: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 153
49. France: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 155
50. France: Imports and exports of indigo, 1922 157
51. France: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 157
52. France: Imports and exports of indigo, 1922, 1923, and 1924 157
53. Japan: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, by classes, 1923, and
1924 (first 9 months) --- 159
54. Japan: Imports of coal-tar dyes (exclusive of indigo), by countries,
1923 and 1924 (first 9 months) 159
55. Spain: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1923 and 1924 (first 6 months) 162
56. Argentina: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923 163
57. Austria: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1923 and 1924 163
58. Belgium: Imports and exports of indigo, natural and artificial, 1924_ 164
59. Brazil: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923 164
60. Canada: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 12 months ended March, 1924 164
61. China: Imports of dyes, colors, and paints, 1923 165
62. Czechoslovakia: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, calendar year
1923 165
63. Dutch East Indies: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922, 1923, and 1924. _ 167
64. Dutch East Indies: Exports of natural indigo, 1920-1924.. 167
65. Egypt: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 168
66. Egypt: Reexports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 168
Vlll CONTENTS
Faee
67. India: Imports of coal-tar dyes and exports of natural indigo, 1923
and 1924 169
68. Italy: Imports and exports of synthetic organic dyes, 1923 and 1924_ 169
69. Netherlands: Imports and exports of synthetic organic dyes, calendar
year 1923 170
70. Sweden: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923 171
71. Sweden: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923 171
72. Switzerland: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 172
73. United States: Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption,
calendar years 1920-1924 189
74. United States: General imports of coal-tar products, by countries,
calendar years 1920-1924 190
75. United States: Exports of coal tar and of coal-tar dyes and dyestufifs,
calendar years 1920-1924 206
INTRODUCTION
This report is a survey of the domestic dye and synthetic organic
chemical industry in 1924. It presents the results of a special inves-
tigation made by the United States Tariff Commission as to the
production in the United States of coal-tar dyes and synthetic
organic chemicals, both of coal-tar and of noncoal-tar origin. It
includes a detailed census of dye imports and official statistics for
the imports and exports of coal-tar dyes by the large consuming
and producing nations of the world. There is also included the
tariff rates imposed on dyes by 26 of the principal dye-consmning
and producing countries.
The survey is divided into six parts, as shown in Table of Con-
tents (pp. Ill to vin).
In the preparation of this report the Tariff Commission had the
services of Warren N. Watson, Frank Talbot, and C. R. De Long,
of the chemical division of the commission's staff, and of others.
47285— 25t 2 ix
PART I
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1924
XI
I
Part 1
SUMMARY OF THE CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC
ORGANIC CHEMICALS, 1924
Introduction
The United States Tariff Commission has reported annually,
beginning with 1917, the progress of the American dye and coal-tar
chemical industry. In 1921 the annual census was extended to
include synthetic organic chemicals other than those derived from
coal tar.
In addition to production figures for the domestic industry the
present report contains a detailed census of dye imports; a discussion
of the international dye trade; developments in the foreign dye-
producing countries, especially Germany, France, Poland, and Japan;
and official statistics of exports and imports of the more important
dye-consuming and producing countries of the world in post-war
years. A new feature of the report is a compilation of tariff rates for
26 of the world's chief dye-producing and consuming countries,
together with information concerning the hcense import control of
dyes in Great Britain, Germany, Australia, Japan, and Persia.
The general grouping of coal-tar chemicals adopted in the present
report foUows that of the tariff act of 1922, which conforms in general,
although not in every detail, with common practice. Crudes, para-
graph 1549, free, are contained in and separated from crude coal
tar; intermediates, dutiable under paragraph 27 at 40 per cent and
7 cents per pound, are produced from the crudes by chemical proc-
esses; with certain exceptions, they are used only for the manu-
facture of dyes and other finished products by further chemical
treatment; dyes and other finished products are dutiable under para-
graph 28 at 45 per cent and 7 cents per pound. The term ''other
finished products" includes color lakes, photographic chemicals,
medicinals, flavors, perfume materials, synthetic resins, and synthetic
tanning materials. Explosives, derived from coal-tar materials,
although dutiable under paragraph 28, are not included in this census,
A siunmary of the production of coal-tar products in 1924 according
to the classes given above, is contained in Table 1. The figures are
compiled from the returns of 193 companies, and are beUeved to form
a complete record of the manufacture of such products in that year.
The quantity and value of each product are given in as great detail
as is possible without revealing the operations of individual manu-
facturers. It has been the policy of the commission not to pubhsh
either production or sales figures unless at least three firrns report a
given product and then only when production, or sales, is well dis-
tributed among the different firms. In many instances neither
production nor sales figures are pubhshed, even where there are more
than three producers, because of the fact that one firm either produced
or sold a large part of the total output.
1
2 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Other reports prepared by the Tariff Commission relating to con-
ditions in the dye industry include: (1) Costs of Production in the
Dye Industry, 1918 and 1919, and (2) Dyes and Other Coal-Tar
Chemicals, December 12, 1918.
Summary of Domestic Production, 1924
CRUDES
The total production of coke in 1924 as reported by the United
States Geological Survey was 43,451,000 short tons. Of this total
33,983,000 tons (77.8 per cent) were from by-product ovens and
9,668,000 tons (22.2 per cent) from beehive ovens. In 1913 only
27.5 per cent of the total was produced by by-product ovens and
72.5 per cent by beehive. The increase in the production of by-
product coke has resulted in (1) an increased yield of valuable by-
products, including ammonium compounds for fertilizer and other
uses, (2) a supply of gas used for industrial heating and municipal
lighting, and (3) a production of coal tar far in excess of the needs of
the domestic coal-tar chemical industry. The tar is converted by
distillation into crudes, which serve as the basic materials for the
domestic coal-tar chemical industry.
The production of coal tar in 1924 was 470,000,000 gallons. For
the first time, the Tariff Commission this year obtained returns from
coal-tar distillers who reported 193,000,000 gallons distilled, or about
42 per cent of the total coal-tar produced in 1924. Only a part of
the 193,000,000 gallons, however, was distilled into refined products,
because of the large demand for partly refined products, such as motor
fuel, solvents, and pitches. The production of benzene, toluene and
solvent naphtha, increased in 1924 and that of ''motor benzol" and
naphthalene decreased.
INTERMEDIATES
Intermediates are prepared from the coal-tar crudes by chemical
treatment. They are further converted by complex chemical proc-
esses into finished coal-tar products, such as dyes, medicinals, per-
fumes, flavors, photographic chemicals, synthetic resins, and tanning
materials. Intermediates are also used as accelerators in the vul-
canization of rubber, as camphor substitutes, insecticides, germicides,
and in the flotation process for concentrating ores.
The total production of intermediates by 94 fii-ms was 186,596,562
in 1924 compared with 231,393,871 pounds by 103 firms in 1923.
Sales in 1924 totaled 76,897,521 pounds, with a value of $18,164,334.
In general, there were marked declines in the output of intermediates
normally consumed in large amounts. In the production of inter-
mediates used for fast and specialty dyes there were, however, only
small decreases and in many cases notable increases. Inter-
mediates used as rubber accelerators showed conspicuous increases.
The consumption by the rubber industry of intermediates is a develop-
ment of importance to the chemical manufacturer, as it furnishes
him an auxiliary market for his products. The use of these accele-
rators has resulted in great economy in the time required for vulcan-
ization of rubber manufactures. It has been estimated that a saving
SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, 1924 3
of about $80,000,000 capital investment has been effected in the
rubber industrj^ by the use of organic accelerators.^
Among individual intermediates showing conspicuous increases
in production in 1924 is phthalic anhydride, with a record output of
2,787,308 pounds. This intermediate, made by the catalytic
oxidation of naphthalene, is used in the preparation of synthetic
anthraquinone, which in turn is used in alizarin and certain vat dyes.
Phthalic anhydride is also directly used in the preparation of such
dyes as fluorescein, the rhodamines, and the eosine group. The
decline in the price of this product in recent years is one of tlie most
phenomenal in the entire field of intermediates. From $4.23 per
pound in 1917 the price dropped to 24 cents in 1924 and to 18 cents
in April, 1925. The average sales price of 24 cents in 1924 is less than
the pre-war selling price, when the total consumption was imported.
Anthraquinone, the production of which amounted to 638,755
poimds in 1924, was made largely by the synthetic process, three-
lourths of the output being synthetic as compared with about one-
half of the output in 1923. This product is used in certain vat dyes
and also in certain alizarin derivatives, and in consequence is a key
intermediate. In 1919 one of the principal problems of the domestic
dye industry was how to obtain an adequate supply of anthracene
from coal tar. The difficulty was not the natural lack of anthracene
in the tar, but the fact that the removal of anthracene oil leaves a
hard pitch, which has only a limited market in this country. The
extensive development of synthetic anthraquinone, which has an
advantage in being of greater purity than anthraquinone produced
from anthracene, has solved the problem.
Another intermediate showing increased production in 1924 is
phenol, the output of which was 10,521,944 pounds, an increase
of more than 200 per cent over that in 1923. rhenol may be classi-
fied according to source and method of manufacture as: (1) Natural
phenol, obtained directly from coal tar by extraction and purification,
and (2) synthetic phenol, made by the chemical processing of benzene.
The increased output in 1924 occurred largely in the manufacture
of the synthetic product. With a continuation of the growing
demand for phenolic resins in the manufacture of automobile and
radio parts, synthetic phenol should be a factor of increasing impor-
tance in supplying the requirements of this country.
Of the 312 intermediates reported in 1924, over 60 were new prod-
ucts not reported in previous years, and most of these were manu-
factured for the first time in this country. These new intermediates
were used largely in the manufacture of dyes produced for the first
time in 1924 as accelerators for the vulcamzation of rubber, in
synthetic medicinals, and in other finished coal-tar products.
DYES
Production declines 27 'per cent from peak year of 1923. — The produc-
tion of coal-tar dyes by 78 firms was 68,679,000 pounds compared
with the peak of 93,667,524 pounds by 88 firms in 1923. Sales in
1924 totaled 64,961,433 pounds, valued at $35,012,400. The pre-
1 Industrial and Engineerng Chemistry, vol. 17, No. 4, April, 1925, p. 396. History of Organic Accelerators
intheJiubber Iridustry, W. C. Oeer and C. W. Bedford.
4 CElSrSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
war output in 1914 by seven firms was 6.619,729 pounds, valued at
$2,470,096. _ '
The principal reason for the 1924 decline in output was the reduced
activity of the textile industry. Other contributing factors were
(1) stocks carried over from 1923, (2) increased imports following the
15 per cent reduction in the tariff effective September 22, 1922, and
(3) a reduction in exports amounting to 2,210,772 pounds.
Dye prices record further reduction. — -The average selling price of
dyes sold in 1924 was $0.54 per pound, nearly 2 per cent below that of
the previous year. The average sales price in 1922 was $0.60, in 1920,
$1.08, and in 1917, $1.26.
Indigo, the dye produced in largest quantity in 1924, averaged
$0.22 per pound. The price in April, 1925, was $0.14, a figure below
that of 1913, when our entire requirements were imported. From
available foreign price data it appears that the domestic price in the
early part of 1925 was the lowest in the world.
New dyes. — Over 60 dyes for which no production w^as reported in
1923 were manufactured in 1924. Most of these had not heretofore
been made on a commercial scale in the United States. Among them
were a number of dyes previously imported in largest quantity. That
the industry made marked progress in 1924 is attested by production
of many complex types, such as dyes of liigh fastness for cotton, wool,
and silk, and special dyes requirecl in smaller amounts but neverthe-
less of great value to the textile industry. Work now under way may
be expected to A'ield results which will give a more complete line of
dyes of American origin.
Relation of production to consumption. — Imports of dyes in 1923
were 4.4 per cent of the total production by quantity, and 7.8 per
cent by value. They were 5.4 per cent by quantity of the apparent
consumption, assuming the latter to equal production plus imports
minus exports. The domestic industry supplied the remaining 94.6
per cent of the apparent consumption and had an exportable surplus
of certain dyes, chieflv Indigo and Sulphur black, amounting to
16,000,000 pounds.
Expenditures for research. — Over $2,000,000 was expended for
research in coal-tar products in 1924. When the total value of the
finished coal-tar products sold in the same year — $56,000,000 — is
considered, it is probable that expenditures for investigation in this
industry have been greater than in any other industrial field. The
total research costs reported to the Tariff Commission have exceeded
$25,000,000 for the period 1917 to 1924. The remarkable accomplish-
ments of the domestic dye and coal-tar chemical industry in these
years must be attributed in no small part to the large expenditures for
research.
Record output of vat dyes. — The production of vat dyes other than
indigo was 1,821,319 pounds in 1924, as compared with 1,766,383
pounds in 1923. Because of their exceptional fastness, these dyes
are in increasing demand for cotton goods which are subjected to the
severe treatment of the modern laundry. That they were among the
last dyes to be developed in this country may be explained by the fact
that they are exceedingly complex, difficult and costly to manufacture,
and that the patents were largely in the hands of the Germans.
Intensive research has resulted in conspicuous increased production
since 1920. Although a considerable part of our consumption is still
SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, 1924 5
imported, the domestic industry now supplies about 55 per cent of
the total requirements.
Production of dyes hy classes. — The 1924 output of dyes, grouped
by classes according to the method of application, was as follows:
Acid dyes, 9,187,256 pounds, or 13.38 per cent of the total output;
basic dyes, 3,676,999 pounds, or 5.35 per cent; direct dyes, 14,662,577
pounds, or 21.35 per cent; lake and spirit-soluble dyes, 967,550
pounds, or 1.41 per cent; mordant and chrome dyes, 2,953,987
pounds, or 4.3 per cent; sulphur dyes. 14,561,257 pounds, or 21.2
per cent; vat dyes, including Indigo, 21,818,022 pounds, or 31.77
per cent; indigo, 19,996,703 pounds, or 29.12 per cent; other vat
dyes, 1,821,319 pounds, or 2.65 per cent; unclassified and special
dyes, 851,354 pounds, or 1.24 per cent.
Effect of tariff' reduction on dye imports. — Under the provisions of
the tariff act of 1922, the ad valorem rate on coal-tar dyes and
products covered by paragraph 28 was reduced from 60 to 45 per
cent on September 22, 1924, and the ad valorem rate on intermediates,
paragraph 27, from 55 to 40 per cent. The specific duty remained
at 7 cents per pound.
A rapid increase in the monthly imports after the reduction in
duty indicates increased competition from foreign-made dyes.
The imported dyes are almost entirely of German and Swiss manu-
facture and consist largely of the higher-cost products. The average
monthly imports of dyes from October, 1924, to April, 1925, inclu-
sive, was 452,403 pounds. This is an increase of 152 per cent over
the monthly average of the first nine months of 1924 preceding the
tariff reduction on dyes.
Dye imports. — The total imports of coal-tar dyes in 1924 were
3,022,539 pounds, valued at $2,908,778, which was shghtly less than
the previous year's imports of 3,098,193 pounds, valued at $3,151,363.
Imports in the first five months of 1925 were 2,126,483 pounds,
valued at $1,987,190, a conspicuous increase over the corresponding
period of 1924 when they amounted to 1,062,940 pounds, valued at
$1,087,027.
Of the total dye imports in 1924, 50 percent came from Germany,
30 per cent from Switzerland, 5 per cent from Italy, 3 per cent from
France, 4 per cent from England, and 8 per cent from all other
countries.
Dye imports in 1924, classified by method of application, were
acid dyes, 324,538 pounds; basic dyes, 249,068 pounds; direct
dyes, 421,538 pounds; lake and spirit-soluble dyes, 17,334 pounds;
mordant and chrome, 413,902 pounds; sulphur dyes, 87,764 pounds;
vat dyes, 1,499,322 pounds; unclassifiecl and special dyes, 9,073
pounds. Vat dyes represented 49.6 per cent of all dyes imported.
Dye exports. — Dye exports in 1924 declined 12 per cent by quan-
tity as compared with 1923, but the value remained practically the
same. Total exports were 15,713,428 pounds, a decrease of 2,210,772
pounds from the previous year. The value of exports was $5,636,244,
an increase of $70,977 over 1923. The decline in quantity in the
face of a slight increase in value is probably due to larger exports of
indigo in the form of powder instead of paste. Otherwise exports
show little change from the previous year.
6 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
In recent years our export trade in dyes has consisted very largely
of Indigo and Sulphur black shipped mostly to the markets of the
Far East. Other dyes have comprised a relatively small part of
the total. But since the disappearance of the effect of the occupa-
tion of the Ruhr, American manufacturers have encountered keen
competition in the world's markets from the Germans and the
Swiss, particularly the former.
OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
Color lakes. — -The total output of this class of pigments in 1924
was 9,343,147 pounds, as compared with 13,079,115 pounds in 1923.
Sales of color lakes in 1924 amounted to 9,281,673 pounds, valued
at S4,045,799.
Photographic chemicals. — The 1924 production of coal-tar chemicals
used as photographic developers totaled 316,183 pounds, as compared
with 343,289 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 amounted to 321,865
pounds, valued at $461,379.
Medicinals. — This class of coal-tar products may be considered
essential to the national welfare. The highest technical skill and
the most exhaustive research are required in their development and
commercial production. The total output in 1924 was 2,967,944
pounds, with sales amounting to 2,688,329 pounds, valued at
$5,178,099. Production in 1923 amounted to 3,273,085 pounds,
with sales of 2,995,448 pounds, valued at $4,720,253.
Perfumes and flavors. — These coal-tar products are closely related,
certain members of the class being used both as flavors and as per-
fumes. The total output of flavors in 1924 was 1,750,555 pounds,
as compared with 1,458,024 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 amounted
to 1,691,863 pounds, valued at $1,471,089. The production of
perfumes in 1924 was 1,895,267 pounds, as compared with 1,365,449
pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 amounted to 1,945,488 pounds,
valued at $945,773.
Synthetic phenolic resins .—These products are used for automobile
and radio parts, as substitutes for amber in making pipe stems,
for electrical insulators, varnishes, and lacquers, and for a great
variety of other articles. The 1922 production was 5,944,133 pounds;
the figures for 1923 and 1924 can not be published without revealing
the output of individual companies.
Synthetic tanning materials. — The output of this group amounted
to 1,910,519 pounds in 1922, but here again, and for the same reason,
the 1923 and 1924 production figures must be withheld.
The combined output of syntTietic phenolic resins and synthetic
tanning materials in 1924 was 12,778,115 pounds, as compared
with 9,763,685 pounds in 1923. The total sales of the two products
in 1924 amounted to 12,745,458 pounds, valued at $8,818,041. as
compared with 10,068,431 pounds in 1923, valued at $5,816,590.
SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, 1924 7
STATISTICS or PRODUCTION
Table 1. — Summary of the -production of dyes and coal-tar chemicals, 1918-1924
Number
of manu-
facturers
Production
Pounds
Value
1919
Number
of manu-
facturers
Production
Pounds
Value
Group II — Intermediates _ .
Group III— Finished
products
Dyes
Color lakes.
Photographic chemi-
cals
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic
resins
128
357, 662, 251
76, 802, 959
58, 464, 446
9, 590, 537
316, 749
3, 623, 352
458, 256
116,263
4, 233, 356
$124, 382, 892
83, 815, 746
62, 026, 390
5, 020, 023
823, 915
7, 792, 984
4, 925, 627
584, 695
2, 642, 120
116
155
90
34
10
31
9
6
1
177, 362, 426
82, 532, 390
63, 402, 194
7, 569, 921
335, 509
6, 777, 988
610, 825
41,419
3, 794, 534
$63, 210, 079
84, 585, 544
67, 598, 855
4, 179, 964
1, 059, 340
7, 883, 071
1, 318, 654
164, 302
2, 381, 358
Group II — Interme-
diates
Group III— Finished
products
Dyes
Color lakes ,
Photographic
chemicals
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes...
Tanning materials.
Synthetic phenolic
resins
1920
1921
Number
of manu-
facturers
119
161
82
43
Production
Pounds
257, 726, 911
112, 942, 227
88, 263, 776
10, 983, 538
440, 759
5, 184, 989
166, 884
99, 740
3, 142, 861
4, 659, 680
Value
$95, 291, 686
112, 731, 547
95, 613, 749
5, 871, 820
1,015,848
5, 726, 776
527, 493
332, 008
233, 674
3, 410, 179
Number
of manu-
facturers
108
147
74
43
5
34
17
15
4
Production
Pounds
70, 899, 912
51, 457, 565
39, 008, 690
6, 152, 187
183, 798
1, 545, 917
901, 245
119,335
1, 902, 597
1,643,796
Sales
Pounds
33, 637, 326
60, 434, 009
47, 513, 762
6, 424, 612
170, 221
1, 876, 246
933, 662
119,691
1, 721, 359
1, 674, 456
Value
$8, 483, 463
47, 996, 514
39, 283, 956
2, 863, 189
248,041
2, 930, 324
1, 002, 018
175, 815
141, 005
1, 352, 166
1922
Number
of
manu-
factures
Production
Sales
Pounds
165, 048, 155
88, 368, 131
64, 632, 187
10, 578, 664
345, 798
2, 946, 347
1, 215, 668
793, 148
1, 910, 519
5, 944, 133
1,667
Pounds
Value
Group II— Intermediates
106
164
87
43
7
35
20
17
4
5
4
58, 004, 435
93, 370, 065
69, 107, 105
10, 366, 676
347, 647
3, 092, 915
1, 278, 857
778, 696
1, 981, 588
6, 415, 931
650
$12, 910, 486
Group III— Finished products...
57, 067, 326
Dyes
41, 463, 790
Color lakes
4, 551, 572
Photographic chemicals
483, 269
Medicinals
4, 233, 443
Flavors
1, 260, 588
Perfumes...
643, 430
Tanning materials
103, 598
Synthetic phenolic resins
4, 315, 196
Research chemicals.
12, 434
5 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 1. — Summary of the 'production of dyes and coal-tar cJiemicals.
1918-1924 — Continued
1923
Number i Production
of [
manu-
factures ! Pounds
Group II — Intermediates
Group III— Finished products.
Dyes
Color lakes -..
Photographic chemicals
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic resins...
Sales
Pounds
Value
5, 816, 590
Number Production
of !
manu-
factures Pounds
Sales
Pounds
Value
Group II — Intermediates
Group III— Finished products
Dyes
Color lakes
Photographic chemicals...
Medicinals
Flavors
Perfumes.
Tanning materials
Synthetic phenolic resins..
76, 897, 521
93, 636, 109
64. 961. 433
9.281,673
321, 865
2, 688, 329
1, 691, 863
1, 945, 488
12, 745, 458
$18, 164, 334
55, 932, 580
35, 012, 400
4, 045, 799
461, 379
5, 178, 099
1,471,089
945, 773
8, 818, 041
International Dye Trade
Prior to the war Germany almost completely dominated the
world's dye trade, but since the war has come a realignment of pro-
ducers. Since 1914 the manufacture of intermediates and dyes has
been established on a large scale in the United States, Great Britain,
and France, and to a smaller extent in Italy and Japan, while in
Switzerland the industry has expanded. This has resulted in nearly
doubling the world's capacity to produce dyes. In consequence of
this enlarged capacity an era of competition has set in which may
eliminate many of the existing plants.
These new dye industries have greatly affected Germany's export
trade, which in 1924 had dropped to 25 per cent by quantity and 60
per cent by value of the 1913 trade. But there is little doubt of
Germany's determination to recover as large a portion as possible
of her lost markets, even at a high cost and over a long period of
time. The large dye-consuming markets of the Far East, including
China and Japan, as well as India, South x4.merica, and Russia, are
again largely dominated by German products. In consuming coun-
tries which have no dye industries, Germany, consequently, has a
large part of the world's trade. The new producing countries have,
however, adopted protective measures for the purpose of stimulating
dye production. These measures have been partly responsible for
Germany's effort to establish branch plants or to affiliate with estab-
SUMMARY OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, 1924 9
lished producers. Although German manufacturers have been less
successful than the Swiss in establishing branch plants, they have
firmly intrenched themselves in Italy and the I. G.- has discussed
negotiations with British dye producers, although no agreement has
yet been announced. It appears possible that affiliations, if not al-
ready effected, ma}' be made in the near future, affecting one or more
individual firms in the United States.
One development of significance by the German I. G. in 1924 is
the reported consolidation of interests for the purpose of reducing
personnel and eliminating the duplication of production, selling, and
purchasing forces. It is hoped thereby to reduce costs of manufac-
ture. Amalgamation of the selling agencies of the German dye plants
in Japan is only one of the results of such a movement. As the Ger-
man export trade constituted nearly nine-tenths of the total trade
before the war, the dye industry has been, almost from its inception,
organized on an international basis.
The German dye industr}^ possesses several advantages over the
industries of other countries, among which are (1) cumulative ex-
perience, (2) lower manufacturing costs in plants built before the
war and paid for by pre-war profits, (3) the established reputation
of its products among consumers. (4) a highly developed selling organ-
ization in all of the world markets, (5) availability of raw materials,
(6) a unified front efl'ected by the I. G. for meeting competition, and
(7) the wide diversity of products manufactured. The struggle for
the international market promises to be a long and severe one and
in the end must result in the elimination, from an export basis, of
those dyes which can not be produced at a cost sufficiently low to
compete with German and Swiss products.
Sudtzerland ranks second to Germany in the international dye trade.
They produce largely the higher cost types. Indigo, the one excep-
tion, is produced in quantity and exported by a single Swiss firm.
Based on the 1913 figures for each country, the post-war export
trade of Switzerland shows a smaller decline than that of Germany.
This is probably due to the fact that the new producing countries
have made the higher cost colors only after manufacturing the bulk
types. Great Britain and the United States are, however, each
year making more of the high cost dyes. In the long run it is prob-
able that the Swiss will find their lack of raw materials an increasing
handicap in maintaining their industiy on an international basis.
They operate branch plants in the United States, Great Britain,
France, and Italy, and consequently share the trade of those markets
beyond the extent indicated by their actual exports.
In the event that German firms do not establish branch plants in
Great Britain and the United States, two methods are open for their
pursuance of commercial warfare against the dye industry of these
two countries, (1) an attack on their export trade and (2) a direct
attack by price cutting in the world markets on certain lines of key
products. Both methods of procedure are reported to have been
employed in 1925. Evidence of the effectiveness of such procedure
has been manifest in the United States since the tariff reduction of
'' The Interessen Gemeinschaft is universally known as "I. G.," and will be so referred to throughout the
remainder of this report.
10 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
15 per cent ad valorem on September 22, 1924, resulting in a sharp
increase in tlie imports of the higher price dyes.
In addition to the special measures which Great Britain, the
United States, France, Italy, Japan, and Spain have adopted to
encourage and stimulate dye production, Great Britain and Japan
have rendered financial aid to their dye industries, and Great Britain,
Japan, and Germany have put in force a license system of dye-import
control. Protective measures will play an important part in the
maintenance and development of the dye industries in the new
producing countries within the next five to ten years. In the long
run, however, such fundamentals as (1) cost of production, (2)
availability of raw materials, (3) cost and efficiency of labor and the
maintenance of technical staffs, (4) efficiency of selling organization,
(5) sufficient capital without excessive capitalization, and (6) ability
to give prompt and efficient technical service to consumers, will become
decisive factors in determining what countries will survive this
competitive era. The German and the Swiss have an advantage
in a consolidation of companies not possessed by any other country.
Such a consolidation in the United States would be in violation of
antitrust laws. In sharp contrast to the close cooperation in Ger-
many between dye firms is the sharp competition between the
different firms in gome of the new dye-producing countries, particu-
larly in the United States.
Among the world's dye producers there is manifest a distinct
trend toward (1) the production of dyes of superior fastness, (2) the
manufacture of dyes adapted to special purposes, (3) the development
of dyes of lower application costs, (4) increase in the number of
identical dyes produced by different firms, and (5) elimination of
many types either in small demand or for which satisfactory sub-
stitutes are available.
The manufacturers of Germany, Switzerland, and Great Britain
made many new dyes in 1924. Two conspicuous advances in Great
Britain were the development of dyes adapted to artificial silk,
particularly acetate silk, and the manufacture of stable water-soluble
derivatives of vat dyes. The first water-soluble vat dye was Indi-
gosol, manufactured by a Swiss firm and later by a German company.
The second one was Soledon jade green, a derivative of Caledon jade
green produced by the Scottish Dyes (Ltd.), of Great Britain. These
new vat dyes have the advantage of being simple to apply and of
being suitable for animal fibers as well as vegetable fibers. Their
extensive substitution for the original vat dyes will probably depend
upon their cost.
The maintenance of research for the development of new dyes
and allied products and for the improvement of existing methods of
manufacture are important factors not to be overlooked by any
nation striving to retain its international position in the dye trade.
Marked advantages will result to those firms able to produce new
dyes of exceptional fastness adapted to special use, and economical
to apply.
SUMMARY OP DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, 1924
11
SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS NOT DERIVED FROM COAL TAR
The Tariff Commission in 1921 compiled for the first time a census
of organic chemicals other than those derived from coal tar or ob-
tained directly from natm'al som-ces. These included acids, alcohols,
esters, ketones, aldehydes, derivatives of alkaloids, carbocyclic com-
pounds, etc., used as perfume and flavoring ingredients, solvents,
medicinals, and also in industrial and other processes.
The production of organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin in the
United States has developed rapidly during the past few years.
Statistics of production and sales for this whole group of products
are available only for 1921 and subsequent years.
Table 2. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar
origin, 1921-1924
Year
Production
Sales
Pounds
Pounds
Value.
1921
21, 545, 186
79, 202, 155
90, 597, 712
115,817,865
16, 761, 096
60, 494, 494
67, 727, 067
85, 933, 461
$7, 226, 068
11,964,074
1922
1923
13, 875, 521
1924...
20, 604, 717
Development in this field of organic chemistry has been due in
part to the increased production of solvents such as ethyl acetate,
butanol, butyl acetate, and amyl acetate, used in the new nitrocel-
lulose plastic and varnish industries. Likewise the increase in the
production of phenolic resins has caused a larger output of formalde-
hyde, a synthetic made in great quantity. Carbon tetrachloride
used in fire extinguishers and as a solvent, chloroform uesd largely as
an anesthetic, ethyl ether, oxalic acid, and tetraethyl lead are also
among the synthetics of large production.
Part IV of this report contains a detailed census of this group of
organic chemicals, in so far as figures may be published without
disclosing the operations of individual manufacturers.
PART II
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR
CHEMICALS, 1924
13
Part II
PRODUCTION OF DYES AND COAL-TAR CHEMICALS, 1924
Coal- Tar Crudes
Output of by-product coJce exceeds 33,000,000 tons. — ^Preliminary fig-
ures for the domestic production of coke in 1924, as reported by the
United States Geological Survey, show a total of 43,451,000 short
tons. This is 23 per cent less than the 1923 production, a decline
largely due to the depression in the iron and steel industry. By-
product coke declined 10 per cent while beehive coke declined about
50 per cent.
The significant feature of the 1924 production is the high per-
centage of the total output obtained from by-product ovens — 77.8 per
cent as compared with 27.5 per cent in 1913. The beehive coke
industry of to-day may be looked upon largely as an auxiliary source
of coke when the output of the by-product ovens is insufficient to meet
the demand.
The following table shows the production of by-product and
beehive coke from 1913 to 1924, inclusive. The figures for 1924 are
not final; those for by-product coke are taken from prehminary
reports and those for beehive coke are estimates based upon the
statements of producers as to the number of cars loaded for shipment
by the railroads.
Table 3. — Production of by-product and beehive coke in the United States, 1913-1924
Year
Net tons produced
Per cent of total
output
By-product
Beehive
Total
By-
product
Bee-
hive
1913 .'
12, 714, 700
14, 072, 895
22, 439, 280
25, 997, 580
25, 137, 621
30, 833, 951
19, 749, 580
28, 550, 545
37, 597, 664
33,983,000
33,584,830
27, 508, 255
33, 167, 548
30, 480, 792
19, 042, 936
20,511,092
5, 538, 042
8, 573, 467"
19, 379, 870
9,668,000
46, 299, 530
41,581,150
55, 606, 828
56, 478, 372
44, 180, 557
51, 345, 043
25, 287, 622
37, 124, 012
56, 977, 534
43,451,000
27.5
33.8
40.4
46.0
56.9
60.0
78.1
76.9
66.0
77.8
72.5
1915- -
66.2
1917
59.6
1918
54.0
1919
43.1
1920
40.0
1921
21.9
1922
23.1
1923
34.0
1924 1
22.2
1 Preliminary figures.
In the conservation of national resources, the replacement of
beehive ovens by the by-product variety, which recover the tar,
ammonia, and gas products entirely wasted by the old beehive type,
is of great economic significance for the following reasons: (1) The
by-product ovens increase production of ammonia for fertilizer and
other use; (2) the gas produced in these ovens is used for municipal
lighting and industrial heating; and (3) the output of tar insures an
abundant supply of coal tar for the preparation of crudes which serve
as a basis of the domestic coal-tar dye and chemical industry,
15
16
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Production of tars. — The total output of coal tar in 1924 was about
470,000,000 gallons, as compared with 488,900,000 gallons in 1923.
According to preliminary figures, sales of coal tar in 1924 were
about 253,000,000 gallons, valued at $11,810,000. Tlie domestic
supply of tar is far in excess of the requirements of the domestic coal-
tar chemical industry. Of the total production in 1924, 54 per cent
was sold to other plants. Total sales as reported to the Tariff Com-
mission by firms not primarily engaged in the operation of coke
ovens indicate that approximately 184,000,000 gallons were distilled
in 1924. It is estimated that in addition to this amount about
9,000,000 gallons were distilled, making a total of about 193,000,000
gallons. Including about 00,000,000 gallons of coal tar sold but not
distilled, approximately 58 per cent of the total production of coal
tar in 1924 was used for fuel.
Table 4 shows the production and sales of coke-oven, coal-gas.
water-gas, and oil-gas tar in the United States from 1918 to 1924.
inclusive. Table 5 shows the production and disposition of coke-oven
tar in the same period.
In times of fuel shortage the value of tar as a fuel is enhanced: in
any event the tar distiller must pay somewhat more than fuel value
of the tar. Of the total tar sold by the coke-oven operator, only part
is distilled into refined phenol, cresylic acid, naphthalene, and
anthracene.
This is accounted for by the demand for such partly refined prod-
ucts as solvents and soft pitches. A similar condition exists in light
oil obtained from coke-oven gas, as only a portion is separated into
benzene, toluene, and xylene, owing to the demand for such partly
refined products as motor fuel and solvents.
Table 4. — Production and sales of coke-oven, coal-gas, water-gas, and oil-ga--
in the United States, 1918-1924
tar
[Compiled by the United States Geological Survey from reports of producers. The dittereuce between
production and sales is accounted for by tar used by the producer and by changes in stock]
Coke-oven
tar
Coal-gas
tar
Total coal
tar
Water and
oil gas tar
Production (gallons) :
1918
263, 299, 470
288,901,739
360, 664, 124
2S3, 051, 649
327, 779, 734
440, 907, 109
422, 074, 000
200, 233, 002
217,707,157
174, 363, 696
135, 293, 047
162,204,417
211,739,469
209, 980, 000
$6, 364, 972
6, 918, 549
6,378,040
5, 645, 309
6, 419, 743
9, 250, 552
9, 662, 000
52, 694, 826
(')
51, 264, 956
(')
48, 082, 228
(')
(')
47, 727, 839
(')
46, 604, 133
«
41, 266, 074
(')
(')
$1, 863, 580
(')
2,010,186
(')
1,955,950
(•)
(')
315, 994, 296
340, 900, 000
411,929,080
303, 000, 000
375, 861, 962
488, 900, 000
470, 000, 000
247, 960, 841
264, 900, 000
220, 967, 829
179, 200, 000
203, 470, 491
254, 700, 000
25:5,000,000
$8, 228, 552
8,800,000
8,388,226
7, 760, 000
8, 375, 693
11, 400, 000
11,810,000
100,ys,"j, 156
1919
(-)
1920-- -
110,073,907
1921.
(-)
1922 . .
104, 555, 028
19233 . . .
(-)
1924*.
(-) .
Sales (gallons) :
1918 . .
55, 283, 484
1919 -
(■)
1920
59, 238, 730
1921 . . .
(-)
1922
47, 338, 489
19233
5 49, 990, 840
1924 <
f-''
Value of sales:
1918
$1, 805, 865
1919
m
1920 --
2, 109, 388
1921
I'J
1922 -.-.
1, 879, 490
19233 .
s 2, 001, 363
1924* -.-
(')
' No report. Estimate included in total.
2 No report.
3 Revised since last report.
< Preliminary figures.
5 As reported by Census of Manufactures.
COAL-TAR CRUDES
17
Table 5. — Production and disposition of coke-oven tar in the United States,
191S-19.24
[Compiled by United States Geological Survey from reports of operators]
Year
Coke
-oven tar
Gallons pro-
duced
Per cent
soldi
Per cent
used 1
1918 --. -
263, 299, 470
288,901,739
360,664,124
253, 051, 649
327, 779, 734
440, 907, 109
422,074,000
76.0
75.4
48.3
53. 5
49.5
48.0
49.6
24 0
1919
24.6
1920
51.7
1921
46.5
1922
50 5
1923'
52.0
19243.
50.4
' Xo account is taken of changes in stocks.
2 Revised since last report.
5 Preliminary figures.
Total production of crvdes. — The data on domestic production of
crudes are collected either by the Tariff Commission or by the Geo-
logical Survey, according to the producer. Crudes distilled from tar
at the by-product coke-oven plants are reported to the Geological
Survey, while the output by firms primarily engaged in the distilla-
tion of tar is reported to the Tariff Commission.
Table 6 gives the production of by-products obtained from coke-
oven operations in the years 1922 to 1924, together with the quantity
and value of the sales.
Table? (p. 20) shows production of crudes by firms engaged primarily
in the distillation of coal tar. Increases in the 1924 production by
firms prmiarily engaged in tar distillation are shown for benzene,
solvent naphtha, and dead oil: decreases are shown for naphthalene,
pitch, and refined tars.
Table 8 (p. 21) gives total commercial production from 1918 to 1924
of benzene, "motor benzol," toluene, solvent naphtha, and naph-
thalene from all sources. Benzene, toluene, and solvent naphtha were
made in larger quantities in 1924 than in 1923, while motor benzol
and naphthalene were produced in smaller amounts.
18
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table Q.— By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1922-1924
[United States Geological Survey!
Production
Sales
Product
Quantity
Value
Total
Average
1922
Tar - --- gallons-
327, 779, 734
162, 204, 417
$6, 419, 743
$0.0396
Ammonia:
Sulphate pounds--
Ammonia liquor (NHj content) ..do
Other forms (NH3 content) do
695, 543, 349
50, 036, 646
693, 782
714,752,882
48, 523, 937
192, 549
17, 818, 236
4, 559, 535
12,041
.0249
.0940
.0625
22, 389, 812
Sulphate equivalent of all forms do
898, 465, 061
909, 618, 826
Gas:
Used under boilers, etc -.M cubic feet..
Used in steel or afiiliated plants do
Distributed through city mains do
Sold for industrial use do
[■442,671,114
f 19,123,814
1 144,976,030
1 56, 930, 253
I 10,352,921
1, 251, 325
15, 942, 446
20, 326, 648
1, 104, 096
.0654
.1100
.3570
.1066
231,383,018
38, 624, 515
1669
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil. gallons. -
» 101, 437, 555
5,138,095
630,768
.1228
Benzol—
Crude - do
Refined do
Toluol-
Crude - do
Refined do
Solvent naphtha do
Other light oil products do
2,666,177
10,419,504
57, 025, 699
38, 159
1,955,119
2, 983, 858
580, 058
2, 665, 889
9, 590, 459
54,930,203
3,938
1, 906, 122
2, 861, 482
212,712
698, 437
2,736,944
10, 491, 309
652
556, 363
538, 512
14, 949
.2620
.2854
.1910
.1656
.2919
.1882
.0703
75, 668, 574
77. 308. 900
15. 667, 934
.2027
Naphthalene:
Crude pounds--
Refined ; do
6, 107, 742
1, 810, 972
3, 298, 851
1,589,084
52, 103
79, 149
.0158
.0498
7,918,714
4, 887, 935
131, 252
.0269
Other products
154, 507
83, 387, 763
9, 250, 552
1923
Tar -gallons--
440,907,109
211, 739, 469
.044
Ammonia:
Sulphate pounds-.
Ammonia liquor (NH3 content) ' do
915, 926, 762
58, 699, 902
884,952,912
57, 859, 699
25,954,413
5, 754, 463
.029
.099
31,708,876
Sulphate equivalent of all forms do
1, 150. 726, 370
1,116,391,708
Gas:
Used under boilers, etc M cubic feet..
Used in steel or affiliated plants -do
Distributed through city mains do
■>601,155,293
f 33,740,758
200, 099, 200
65,143,515
19, 458, 781
1, 820, 808
22, 640. 134
23,116,578
4,025,700
.054
.113
.355
.207
Sold for industrial use - do
318, 442, 254
51, 609, 220
.162
* Includes gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
' 98,432,100 gallons, including 4,200,000 gallons of purchased oil, was refined on the premises to make the
derived products listed.
3 Includes an unknown amount of sulphate sold on the basis of pounds of NHi content.
COAIi-TAE CRUDES 19
Table 6. — By-products obtained from coke-oven operations, 1922-1924 — Con.
Product
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude liglit oil gallons-
Benzol —
Crude do...
Refined do...
Motor benzol do...
Toluol-
Crude do...
Refined do...
Solvent naphtha do...
Other light oil products do...
Naphthalene:
Crude pounds.
Refined do...
Production
Other products
Value of all by-products sold
Tar gallons..
Ammonia:
Sulphate pounds..
Ammonia liquor (NHs content) do
« 135, 647, 175
4, 503, 428
12, 364, 043
80, 467, 883
37, 777
2, 847, 517
4, 162, 178
439, 253
Sales
Quantity
104, 822, 079
11,872,007
1, 139, 922
13,011,929
422, 074, 326
893, 127, 071
49, 029, 524
Gas:
Sulphate equivalent of all forms do ;1,089, 245, 167
1924
Used under boilers, etc M cubic feet.
Used in steel or afliliated plants do...
Distributed through city mains do...
Sold for industrial use. do...
'541,101,050
Light oil and derivatives:
Crude light oil.. gallons.
Benzol, crude and refined '.. do...
Motor benzol ' do...
Toluol-
Crude do...
Refined ..do...
Solvent naphtha do
Other light oil products do...
.v'^aphthalene:
Crude pounds.
Refined do...
« 128, 956, 955
20, 429, 515
71, 474, 321
234, 244
2, 951, 187
4, 474, 220
1, 364, 528
6, 539, 368
4, 348, 400
12, 375, 782
80, 480, 326
6,097
2, 628, 686
3, 399, 904
198, 098
109, 976, 661
10, 047, 427
1, 198, 206
11, 245, 633
209, 979, 999
Value
Total
$683, 545
768.486
3, 070, 751
13, 145, 833
978
765, 052
608, 084
10, 605
19, 053, 334
174, 216
65, 493
239, 709
214, 264
' 112, 075, 955
9, 661, 563
931, 329, 570
47, 665, 811
1, 121, 992, 814
29, 794, 046
187, 171, 883
65, 676, 867
18, 561, 057
301, 203, 853
Other products
Value of all by-products sold.
7, 840, 582
20, 024, 902
70, 636, 930
245, 079
2, 986, 423
3, 884, 585
1, 077, 842
« 100, 928, 015 [ 106, 696, 343
8, 378, 666
13, 302
8, 391, 968
7, 891, 116
327, 957
8, 219, 073
22, 522, 248
4, 656, 428
27, 178, 676
1, 729, 013
21, 007, 607
23, 486, 416
3,561,911
49, 784, 947
652, 467
4, 071, 221
10, 732, 087
51,041
718,641
724, 874
78, 934
17,029,265
116, 305
11, 903
128, 208
57, 891
• 103, 840, 550
Average
.105
.177
.248
.163
.160
.291
.179
.054
,173
.017
.055
.021
.046
.024
.058
.112
,358
,192
,165
.083
.203
.152
.208
.241
,187
.073
160
.015
.036
.016
1 Includes gas wasted and gas used for heating retorts.
< Refined on the premises to make the derived products shown, 132,517,389 gaUons.
' Exclusive of the value of coke breeze produced, which in 1923 amounted to $9,048,000.
' Refined on the premises to make the derived products shown, 125,580,743 gallons.
' Included under refined benzol are the sales of two plants amounting to 2,284,000 gallons, with a value
of $301,565, that were reported as "refined benzol," but were probably used as motor benzol.
' Total gallons of derived products.
' Exclusive of the value of coke breeze produced, which in 1924 amounted to $6,179,000.
20
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 7. — Production of coal-tar crudes, 1924, by firms not -primarily engaged in
the operation of coke-oven plants and gas houses
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers given on
page 211. An X indicates that the corresponding product was made by a manufacturer who did not
consent to the publication of his name in connection therewith. A blank in the third and fourth columns
indicates that there was actual production of the corresponding article, but that the figures can not be
published without revealing the output of individual firms].
Manufacturers' identification
numbers according to list on
page 211
1924
Name
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Total Grades
$17,353,541
Anthracene (crude, less than 30
per cent) pounds..
157
Anthracene oil gallons. .
148, 157, X
693, 518
629, 934
116,289
155, 973
$0.17
Benzene do
16, 23, 47, 142, X
.25
Carbazole (crude) pounds..
171
Carbolic or middle oil... gallons..
36,50
Cresol or cresylic acid (crude)
gallons..
16, 47, 104, X
Cumene do
16
Dead or creosote oil do
Light oil do
16, 23, 36, 42, 47, 50, 104, 127, 148,
157, 168, 187, X, X, X.
36, 50, 127, X, X
41,041,278
83, 754
4, 789, 590
13,461
.12
.16
Motor fuel do
47, 142, X
Naphthalene (crude)..-.pounds..
Other distillates gallons..
Pitch of tar tons..
Pyridine gallons..
14, 16, 36, 47, 50, 104, 127, 157, 168,
XXX
16, 36, 42, 47, 104, 148, 168, X,
X X.
16, 23, 36, 42, 47, 50, 104, 127, 148,
157, 168, X, X, X, X.
16, 123 -.
34, 683, 803
9, 648, 282
421, 580
441,333
1, 388, 331
6, 439, 161
.01
.14
15.27
Refined tars barrels..
Solvent naphtha.- gallons
16, 23, 36. 50, 104, 127, 157, 168,
X, X, X, X, X.
16, 47, 157, X, X
625, 792
770, 491
2, 785, 460
130, 903
4.45
.17
Toluene do ..
16
Xylene do _ .
16
The instructions sent to manufacturers were as follows: Include under dead or creosote oil only products
which may be used for creosoting. Include under "other distillates" shingle stain oils, disinfectant oils,
and flotation oils which do not contain over 5 per cent of phenol. Include under refined tars those tars
which are used for road treatment, saturating felt, and for protective coatings. Phenol and all distillates
which, on being subjected to distillation, yield in the portion distilling below 190° C. a quantity of tar
acids equal to or more than 5 per cent of the original distillate, or which, on being subjected to distillation,
yield in the portion distilling below 215° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more than 75 per cent of the
original distillate are not to be included here but are to be placed under intermediates.
COAL-TAR CRUDES
21
Table S. — Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all sources in the United States, 1918-1934
[Data for coke ovens and gas works from reports to United States Geolopieal Survey; for tar refineries
and others to United States Tariff Commission]
By-product
coke plants
(sales) •
Qas works
(sales) 1
Tar refiner-
ies and all
other estab-
lishments
(produc-
tion)
Total com-
mercial pro-
duction '
Benzene (all grades except motor benzol) :
Gallons—
1918
1919..
1920 -
1921
1922
1923
1924
Value—
1918-
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923 -
1924
Motor benzol:
Gallons —
1918
1919 (included under benzene above) -
1920
1921...
1922
1923
1924.. _
Value—
1918
1919 (included under benzene above) -
1920
1921
1922
1923-
1924
Toluene, all grades:
Gallons —
1918
1919
1920
1921_
1922
1923
1924...
Value —
1918
1919...
1920
1921 :
1922
1923
1924
43,
3 63,
17,
6,
12,
8 16,
'S20,
$11,
3 11,
4,
],
3,
«3,
7S 4
441,980
077, 463
230, 776
839, 021
256, 348
724, 182
024, 902
966, 367
643, 645
497, 823
611,721
435, 381
839, 237
071, 221
2, 177, 168
(*)
(')
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
$572, 950
(')
i*)
(0
(*)
(')
(*)
1° 55,
50,
54,
6 80,
'8 70,
764, 265
022, 573
930, 203
480, 326
636, 930
467, 126
II 350, 000
(U)
3, 015, 848
1, 826, 373
875, 561
2,171,631
« 774, 940
394, 906
629, 934
$994, 161
560, 547
287, 586
463, 205
» 215, 136
118,505
155, 973
10$ 12,
8,
10,
« 13,
'8 10,
644, 931
966, 686
491,309
145,833
732, 087
541,366
353,827
470,364 I
835,493
910,060
634, 783
231,502 j
,249,702 I
355,990
740,722
233,378
557,015 I
' 766, 030 1
■ 709, 682 i
$112,849
" 70, 000
(12)
(<)
(*)
3, 965, 518
(.*)
" 2, 000
11 1,000
(13)
11 2, 000
11 2, 000
$5, 597, 353
m
11 300
"270
(13)
11570
11 500
(«)
(»)
(»)
(12)
(12)
(12)
(«)
(•)
«
(12)
(12)
(12)
1,596,353
510, 957
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
$8, 044, 890
235, 321
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
48, 634, 996
« 65, 403, 836
18,141,337
9, 045, 642
13,071,288
17,154,088
20, 701, 836
$13, 533, 478
12, 296, 192
4, 794, 409
2, 082, 926
3, 664, 517
3, 968, 742
4, 236, 194
(•)
(')
(»)
55. 622, 482
83, 664, 846
73, 788, 457
(•)
(»)
(»)
$10, 657, 074
13,851,704
11, 344, 100
14, 103, 237
1, 884, 784
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
$20, 891, 945
596, 511
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
(13)
'Sales instead of production are here given to avoid double counting between production of crude and
pure grades, and because such of the product as used in the coke plant or gas works is not available for
commercial use.
2 Totals include estimates for firms not reporting, or actual figures for items that can not be shown sepa-
rately without disclosing individual returns.
3 Includes motor benzol and 13,000 gallons of gasoline used in blending.
* Reports incomplete. Estimate included in total.
' Revised figure, to eliminate duplication through certain plants reporting both to the Tariff Commis-
sion and to the Geological Survey.
8 Final figures, revised since last report.
' Subject to slight revision.
8 Included under refined benzol are the sales of two plants, amounting to 2,284,000 gallons, with a value
of $301,565, that were reported as "refined benzol" but were probably used as motor benzol.
' Data not collected from tar refiners prior to 1922.
18 Includes 1,333,000 gallons of gasoline used in blending.
11 Estimate.
12 Included in total, but can not be shown separately without disclosing individual returns.
■3 A certain quantity of toluene was produced both at gas works and at tar refineries, but the figures can
not be given without disclosing individual returns.
47285— 25t 3
22
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 8.- — Total commercial production of benzene, toluene, solvent naphtha, and
naphthalene from all sources in the United States, 1918-1924 — Continued
Solvent naphtha, crude and refined, including
xylene:
Gallons—
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
Value—
1918
1919 .-
1920
1921 _.
1922
1923 -
1924
Naphthalene, all grades:
Pounds—
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923.
1924
Value—
1918
1919...
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
By-product
coke plants
(sales)
» 3, 284, 037
i« 3, 649, 066
4, 695, 464
2,881,656
2,861,482
« 3, 399, 904
' 3, 884, 585
» $458, 689
16 557,416
851,048
510, 509
538, 512
« 608, 084
' 724, 874
15, 890, 447
6, 702, 040
14, 448, 762
1, 983, 523
4,887,935
611,246,633
' 8,219,073
$650, 229
191,364
487, 974
59, 335
131,252
6 239, 709
' 128, 208
Gas works
(sales)
1, 442, 267
(})
(*)
(12)
«
$191, 475
(0
{')
{')
(.2)
(<)
896, 080
0)
1, 760, 293
(<)
C)
1, 452, 463
(')
$14, 282
(0
63, 449
{*)
(*)
" 45, 981
(*)
Tar refiner-
ies and all
other estab-
lishments
(produc-
tion)
15 965, 458
(12)
(12)
(12)
(12)
812, 378
i« $232, 003
(12)
(12)
(12)
(5) (")
(12)
153, 941
40, 138, 092
12,612,203
26,393,411
.16,949,464
19, 323, 393
41, 453, 002
34. 683, 803
$1,281,440
327, 201
791, 403
380, 167
352, 957
652, 148
441, 333
Total com-
mercial pro-
duction
5, 691, 762
4, 128, 747
5, 384, 560
3, 627, 48 8
3,680,811
4,041,497
4,781,963
$882, 167
672, 685
994, 205
644, 548
773, 336
800, 698
896, 815
56, 924, 619
20,114,243
42, 602, 466
19, 432, 987
25,411,328
64, 151, 098
44,102,876
$1, 945, 951
542, 565
1,342,826
462, 502
536, 209
937, 838
602, 541
* Reports incomplete Estimate included in total.
* Revised figure, to eliminate duplication th;ough certain plants reporting both to the Tariff Commis-
sion and to the Geological Survey.
. « Final flgu es, ;evised since last report.
'Subje. t to slight levision.
1^ Includes 52,847 gallons of xylene, valued at $9,937, and 107,375 gallons of crude heavy solvent, valued
at $8,769
i» Includes 192,969 gallons of xylene, valued at $67,935.
" Includes 23,088 gallons of xylene, valued at $4,503.
" Census of Manufactures, 1923.
Creosote oil. — Creosote (or dead) oil is used in treating railway ties,
and otiier timbers. In 1923 about 127,000,000 gallons "were used in
the wood-treating plants of the United States, of which 51 per cent
was domestic oil.^ Imports of creosote oil increased rapidly from
1919 to 1924, inclusive, amounting in 1924 to 89,687,784 gallons,
valued at $13,463,689. Great Britain is the chief source of imports.
It is estimated that Great Britain exports about 90 per cent of her
total production of creosote oil and ships nine-tenths of her exports
to the United Scates. As the economic advantages of creosoted
wood are becoming better known, the demand for creosote oil is
increasing each year.
Other crudes. — Import data for other coal-tar crudes will befound
in Part VI.
> Quantity of Wood Treated and Preservatives Used in the United States in 1923. Forest Service, Dept.
of Agriculture.
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES 23
Exports of crudes. — Exports of benzene in 1924 were 57,882,171
pounds, valued at SI, 734, 837. This is a decrease of nearly 50 per
cent from 1923 (a year of large production) when 111,336,768 pounds,
valued at $3,647,660 were exported. Exports of crude tar and pitch
in 1924 were 269,015 barrels, valued at $1,076,203, about 50 per cent
of the exports hi 1923. Shipments of other crude distillates amounted
to 14,535,160 pounds, valued at $454,386, or about 5H milhon
pounds more than in 1923.
Coal-Tar Intermediates
description
Intermediates do not occur as such in coal tar, but are prepared
from the crudes (benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and anthracene) by
chemical treatment with sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkalies, chlorine,
or other chemicals. From fewer than 10 coal-tar crudes, 200 to 300
intermediates are prepared for use in the production of hundreds of
dyes. The various chemical stages in the conversion of crudes to
intermediates are (1) nitration, (2) reduction, (3) sulphonation, (4)
caustic fusion, (5) chlorination, (6) alkylation, (7) liming, (8) conden-
sation, (9) carboxylation, (10) oxidation, and (11) diazotization.
Intermediates are in turn the raw materials which are converted
by complex chemical processes into dyes, medicinals, perfumes,
flavors, photographic chemicals, synthetic resins, and tanning
materials. They are also used as accelerators in the vulcanization of
rubber, as camphor substitutes, insecticides, germicides, in the flota-
tion process for concentrating ores and for other uses. Certain
inteniiediates are used in the direct production of dyes on the fiber
and for increasing the fastness of dyes on the fiber. When used for
the latter purpose, they are known as "developers." After purifica-
tion many intermediates are used directly as drugs, perfumes, and
flavors.
Tile relation between the heavy chemical industry and the inter-
mediate and dye industry is an intimate one, as the latter industry
is an important consumer of heavy chemicals and other products.
The m inufacture of intermediates and dyes requires large quantities
of acids, alkalies, and other heavy chemicals, such as sodium nitrite
and sulphide, salt, chlorine, bromine, sulphur, and in addition
noncoal-tar organic compounds, such as methanol, formaldehyde,
and acetic anhydride.
The coal-tar chemical industry plays a conspicuous part in the
industrial life of the Nation, (1) as consumer of raw materials in the
chemical industry (2) as a producer of essential products for textile,
leather, paper, and paint factories, and as a producer of medicinals,
synthetic tanning materials, and a wide variety of other products.
PRODUCTION
The production of intermediates in the United States is given in
Table 11, page 29, in as great detail as is possible without disclosing the
output of individual manufacturers. The total production in 1 924 was
186,596,562 pounds, as compared with 231,393,871 pounds in 1923.
Sales in 1924 totaled 76,897,521 pounds, valued at $18,164,334. In
24 CENSUS OP DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
general there were marked declines in the output of those inter-
mediates normally consumed in large amounts in dye manufacture.
There were, however, notable increases in the output of phenol, in
intermediates used in the production of the fast and specialty dyes
and in those used for rubber accelerators.
Rubber accelerators. — The increased consumption in recent years
of intermediates as accelerators in the vulcanization of rubber is a
development of importance to both the intermediate and the rubber
manufacturer. To the former it furnishes an auxiliary market for
his products, and for the latter it effects great economy in time.
As certain rubber accelerators serve also as intermediates in dye
manufacture, production and sales figures do not accurately reflect
consumption by the rubber industry.
Among the accelerators showing increased production are thio-
carbanilide, the output of which was 3,397,397 pounds in 1924, as
compared with 3,309,414 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 were 2,739,-
404 pounds, valued at $642,626. Others showing increases are
triphenyl guanidine with a total output of 429,808 pounds for 1924;
diphenyl guanidine which increased from 867,019 pounds in 1923 to
1,034,099 pounds in 1924; o-ditolylguanidine, ethylidine aniline, and
methylene dianilide. The output of formanilide was 88,736 pounds
in 1924, a decrease from the previous year.
The production of other accelerators was reported but no figures
can be published without revealing the confidential operations of
the individual manufacturer. Accelerators of noncoal-tar origin
will be found in Part IV, page 127.
Large increase in output of phenol. — The production of phenol in
1924 was 10,521,944 pounds, an increase of more than 200 per cent
over 1923, when the output was 3,310,911 pounds. In three years
production has increased to eight times the 1922 output of 1,285,978
pounds. The largest use of phenol is in the manufacture of synthetic
phenolic resins for electrical insulators and in the making of molded
parts for automobiles and radios. It is also used in intermediates,
dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
Phenol may be classified according to source and method of manu-
facture as (1) natural phenol, obtained from coal tar by extraction
and purification, (2) synthetic phenol, made by treating benzene with
sulphuric acid and converting the resulting benzene sulfonate into
phenol by fusion with caustic soda.
The present consumption of phenol is estimated at about 11,000,-
000 pounds per year. The trend is toward an increased consumption.
A continued expansion of the demand for phenolic-resin products
will further increase the consumption of either phenol or cresylic
acid. The establishment of the manufacture of hexahydrophenol
will result in a further increase in the domestic consumption of phenol.
Synthetic phenol entails a higher manufacturing cost than natural
phenol. Except during the war, when large quantities of synthetic
phenol were made for the manufacture of explosives, production was
in large part formerly of the natural product. But the marked
increase occurring in 1924 was largely in synthetic phenol, and it is
probable that this form will continue to be a factor of increasing
importance in supplying domestic requirements.
Aniline and its derivatives. — Among the important intermediates
aniline ranked first in quantity; in value it was second only to phenol.
COALr-TAK INTERMEDIATES 25
Aniline is used in the preparation of dyes of almost every class,
whether the classification is based on the method of application or
on chemical constitution. Three of the domestic dyes produced in
largest quantity, namely, Indigo, Direct deep black EW and
Agalma black 10 B, require aniline in their manufacture. Indigo
is the leading dye exported from the United States. A variety of
other products, including medicinals and rubber accelerators, also
require aniline.
The production of aniline oil in 1924, as reported by 9 firms, was
22,257,354 pounds, a decline of nearly 17 per cent from 1923. The
total sales of aniline in 1924 were 12,522,044 pounds, valued at
$1,995,440. The average sales price was therefore 16 cents per
pound.
Aniline salt (aniline hydrochloride) is used in the direct production
of "aniline black" on cotton and is consequently a raw material
for the textile industry as well as for the dye manufacturer. Pro-
duction in 1924 amounted to 846,898 pounds.
Dimethyl aniline (prepared from aniline and methanol), one of
the leading intermediates derived from aniline, is used in the pro-
duction of such important basic dyes as Methyl violet, Methylene
blue B, Malachite green. The output in 1924 was 2,830,798 pounds,
an increase over the previous year when production was 2,681,751
pounds. The price receded from 38 cents per pound in 1923 to
34 cents in 1924.
p-Nitroaniline shows decreased production in 1924, the output
being 964,344 pounds, as compared with 2,008,003 pounds in 1923.
Sales in 1924 amounted to 722,943 pounds, with a value of $459,936,
or 64 cents per pound as compared with 69 cents in 1923. This
intermediate is of importance in the preparation of Para red on the
fiber and in making color lakes. Diamine green B, and G, Alizarin
yellow R, and certain sulphur dyes.
Sodium henzoate. — This product is used largely as a food preser-
vative. Production in 1924 was 860,810 pounds, as compared with
749,885 pounds in the previous year. Sales were 754,462 pounds,
valued at $464,480. The average sales price per pound was 63
cents, an increase of 3 cents over 1923.
Naphthalene intermediates. — The leading intermediate derived
from naphthalene, measured quantitatively, is b-naphthol. It is
consumed in large amounts in the manufacture of other intermediates,
dyes, color lakes, and also in conjunction with p-nitroaniline in the
direct production of Para red on the cotton fiber. The production
of b-naphthol in 1924 was 3,745,690 pounds as compared with
5,741,355 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 amounted to 2,961,514
pounds, with a value of $656,830. The unit price of 22 cents per
pound was the same as in the previous year.
H-acid (l-amino-8-naphthol-3 : 6-disulfonic acid) ranked second
among the naphthalene intermediates in quantity of output with a
total of 2,219,858 pounds. This is a reduction of 1,242,806 pounds
from the previous year.
Gamma acid, used in the manufacture of direct cotton dyes,
including Diamine black B, Diamine brown M, and Diamine fast
red F, showed a total production of 338,811 pounds, as compared
with 306,605 pounds in 1923.
26
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Record 'production of yhthalic anhydride. — Phthalic anhydride is an
intermediate of great importance because it serves as a basic raw
material for otlier intermediates used in vat dyes. It is made by
the catalytic oxidation of naphthalene and is one of the raw materials
of synthetic anthraquinone, which in 1924 made up about tiiree-
quarters of the total output of anthraquinone. Anthraquinone is
used for the production of certain vat dyes, including the indanthrene
and most of the algol dyes, alizarin and alizarin derivatives, and the
fluoresceins, cosines, and rhodamines.
The production of phthalic anhydride in 1924 was 2,787,308
pounds, as compared with 2,343,802 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924
amounted to 2,277,073 pounds, valued at $556,265. The average
sales value per pound, 24 cents, represents a decline of 5 cents from 1923.
The price recession of phthalic anhydride since 1917, one of the
most marked in the entire field of intermediates, is shown in the
following table:
Table 9. — Domestic prices of ■phthalic anhydride, 1917-May, 1925
Year
Average
price
per
pound
Year
Average
price
per
pound
1917
$4.23
2.85
.99
.46
.39
1922
$0.35
1918
1923..
.29
1919
1924
.24
1920
1925 (Jan.-May)
.18
1921
The average price in 1924 of 24 cents per pound is below that of
1914, when the domestic supply was imported; the invoice price of
24 cents in 1914 did not include the importers' profit and certain
other costs. The current price (May, 1925) is 18 cents.
Domestic phthalic anhydride has been exported in significant quan-
ties to European countries, which indicates tliat this intermediate is
being produced on an international basis in the United States. It is
one of the few coal-tar intermediates or finished products selling
below the 1914 price; among the other products in the same class
are indigo and salvarsan (arsphenamine).
Anthraquinone . — This intermediate is of increasing interest because
of the trend toward greater consumption of vat dyes, largely used on
cotton, and ce:'tain aliza^n derivatives, including the acid alizarins
used in wool dyeing. The 1924 British production of new anthra-
quinone dyes for celanese silk indicates that this intermediate will
occupy a position of greater importance in the world trade of dyes
than heretofore.
Anthraquinone is produced in the United States by two methods:
(1) By the oxidation of anthracene obtained directly from coal tar.
This oxidation was the method first used for the preparation of
anthraquinone and is tiie principal commercial metliod used in Ger-
many and Great Britain. (2) Synthetically from phthalic anhy-
dride and benzene (with aluminum chloride). Phthalic anhydride is
made by the catalytic oxidation of naphthalene.
The output of anthraquinone in 1924 was 638,755 pounds, as
compared with 857,190 pounds in 1923, the peak year of production.
COALr-TAR INTERMEDIATES 27
A feature of the 1924 output was the increased percentage of the
total made up by the synthetic product, the proportion increasing
from about 50 per cent in 1923 to more than 75 per cent in 1924.
The manufacture of anthraquinone by the synthetic process prom-
ises to supply the entire domestic requirements. It is of interest to
recall that in 1919 the problem was to obtain an ample supply of
antlr'acene for the manufacture of anthraquinone and vat dyes.
There is no inherent lack of anthracene in domestic coal tar, nor are
there technical difficulties in its recovery, but in recovering anthra-
cene oil there is left a hard pitch which has only a limited market in
this country. The extensive development of synthetic anthraqui-
none, which has an advantage of greater purity than that made from
anthracene, has solved the problem confronting manufacturers in
1919. In other words, the vat dyes which fonnerly required anthra-
cene are now being made from naphthalene, the supply of which is
abundant, as it constitutes from 5 to 10 per cent of coal tar.
Closely related to anthraquinone is the intermediate methyl anthra-
quinone, used in the manufacture of several valuable yellow and
orange vat dyes and in Cyananthrol E, and G. As only small amounts
are available from coal tar, it is made synthetically from toluene,
phthalic anhydride, and aluminum chloride. An increased output of
methyl anthraquinone in 1924 is reflected in the production of dyes
derived from this intermediate.
New intermediates. — Of the 312 intermediates reported in 1924,
more than 60 were not reported in the previous year and most of
them were manufactured lor the first time in this country. They
were for the most part used in the manufacture of new dyes, first
reported in 1924, as accelerators for the vulcanization of rubber, and
in medicinals and other finished coal-tar products.
Hydrogenated naphthalenes and phenols were first produced on a
commercial scale in Germany. The production of certain of these
derivatives — ^hexahydrophenol and tetrahydronaphthalene — in the
United States has been announced in 1925. Their development is
of importance because of the variety of ways in which they may be
applied.
Hexahydrophenol (cyclohexanol) known in the trade as "Hexalin"
is made by the catalytic reduction of phenol with hydrogen. It is a
high-boiling solvent (160°C) for fats, oils, waxes, rubber, and other
products. Although insoluble in water it readily dissolves in aqueous
soap solutions. These colloidal solutions possess powerful emulsify-
ing and detergent properties and hence are of value for removing oils
and fats from textiles. Hexalin also finds use in the preparation of
polishes for fiuniture and lacquers, especially those derived from
nitrocellulose. In the manufacture of plastics and in certain other
uses the esters of hexahydrophenol are said to possess special ad-
vantages. The cresols, by reduction, yield similar products. Tetra-
hydronaphthol, known as ''Tetralol," is used as a disinfectant in
soaps.
Tetrahydronaphthalene, known as ''Tetralin," niade by the
hydrogenation of naphthalene, is another high-boiling solvent.
It evaporates slowly, is said to be nontoxic, and has promise as a
solvent for the oil, "paint, and varnish industry. With hexalin it is
added to soaps. Decahydronaphthalene, known as "Dekalin, " is
similar in some of its properties to tetrahydronaphthalene.
28 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Prices of intermediates. — The weighted average selling price of in-
termediates marketed in 1924 was 24 cents per pound, as compared
with 23 cents in 1923. The average price for the period 1921 to 1924
ranged between 22 and 25 cents per pound. ^ However, the average
sales figure is not the average for all intermediates manufactured, as
only a portion of the total production is sold. Dyes, however, taking
the figures quantitatively, show a relatively small spread between
production and sales. The sales of intermediates in 1924 amounted
to 41 per cent of production, by quantity; in 1923, 36 per cent; and
in 1922, 35 per cent. These comprised a wide variety of products,
from aniline oil at 16 cents a pound to specialties selling at over $3
per pound. To the smaller dye manufacturer, producing only a part
or none of his intermediate requirements, the availability of inter-
mediates is a matter of great importance. The larger dye producers
buy their entire requirements of certain intermediates from firms
specializing exclusively in the manufacture of these products. In
general, a wide variety of intermediates is available under com-
petitive conditions to the consumer.
In comparing the annual average price of intermediates, two
trends should be noted: (1) The trend toward increased production
of the higher-priced intermediates and toward a greater variety of the
high-priced specialty dyes, and (2) the trend toward lower prices of
individual intermediates as production costs are reduced. This
latter is especially conspicuous on the bulk products which are
produced in large quantities and sold by many firms.
Table 10 gives the domestic sales prices of 20 intermediates from
1917 to 1924, and with the invoice prices of the same intermediates
imported in the fiscal year 1914. The invoice prices are not directly
comparable with the domestic sales prices in the same year for the
reason that the former do not include the importer's profit, nor, in
most transactions, the cost of containers, charges for packing, freight,
or insurance.
'See chart, p. 40.
COAL-T.\R INTERMEDIATES
29
Table 10. — Domestic sales, price per pound of coal-tar intermediates, 1917-1924,'^
and invoice price of same intermediates imported, 1914
Name of intermediate
Invoice
price
Domestic sales price
1914
1917
1918
$0.53
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
Acetanilide, technical..
2 $0. 15
2.23
$0.46
$0.41
$0.42
1.23
3.10
1.81
.28
1.66
1.15
.10
$0.23
.95
2.10
1.39
.22
1.59
.85
.08
$0.21
.73
1.72
1.10
.15
1.34
.83
.07
$0.26
.68
1.51
1.13
.16
.95
.80
.07
3.69
.15
.48
.38
.06
.22
.40
.69
.27
1.32
.29
.17
.25
.13
.93
.43
$0.23
.65
l-Amino-8-naphthol-3:6-disulfonic acid (H
acid) .
2-Amino-8-naphthol-6-su]fonic acid (gamma
acid)
1.18
p-Aminophenol and hydrochloride . ..
2.16
2.08
2.19
2. 313 . 55
2.09
2.40
3.09
1.11
Aniline oil-.
.23
.27
.24
1.86
1.26
.15
4.54
.07
.88
.55
.07
.49
1.83
.62
.16
Anthraquinone
.95
Benzidine
1.65
.20
15.09
1.01
.18
.74
Chlorobenzene (mono)
.06
Dianisidine
3.34
p-Dichlorobenzene.
.09
1.36
.71
.08
.47
1.41
.42
1.17
"Me"
.36
.41
.29
1.20
.47
.16
.97
.54
.06
.39
1.22
.44
.85
.14
1.70
.39
.24
.42
.25
1.14
.49
.16
""."32"
.06
.24
.96
.39
.68
.21
1.39
.35
.19
.27
.18
.94
.33
.16
Diethylaniline . .
3.20
.59
.07
.67
Z55
.57
.08
.59
.40
Dimethylaniline
3.15
'.018
2.07 8.09
.34
Naphthalene, solidifying 79" or above
(refined, flake)
.05
b-Naphthol, technical
.22
l-Naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (Nevile & Win-
ther's)
1.00
l-Naphthylamine-4-sulfonic acid (naphthi-
onic acid)...
.43
p-Nitroaniline
2. 13 3. 14
.06
3. 31 3. 44
2.25
2. 06 3. 16
.64
Phenol. _
.37
2.81
4.23
.30
.35
3.68
2.85
.29
.47
.96
1.41
.54
.10
2.43
.99
.24
.35
.50
1.15
.54
.30
p-Phenvlenediamine
1.27
Phthalic acid and anhydride -
.24
Sulfanilic acid
.17
Thiocarbanilide.
.23
o-Toluidine
2. 09 3. 10
2.19
3.12
.96
1.39
.65
.13
m-Tolylenediamine
.86
Xylidine and salt
.39
1 For the years 1917 to 1920 the value represents the weighted average of the total production; and for
the years 1S20-1924 the weighted average of the total sales.
2 Artificial Dyestuffs Used in the United States, Special Agents Series 121, Department of Commerce.
3 Chemicals and Allied Products Used in the United States, Miscellaneous Series No. 82, Department
of Commerce.
Table 11. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
p. 211. An X signifies that the manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his identification
number in connection with the designated product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates
that sales figures can not be published without revealing information in regard to the output of individual
firms. A blank in the sixth column indicates that the production of the corresponding product in the
United States can not be published without revealing information in regard to the output of individual
firms. The figures thus concealed are, however, included in the total]
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Product
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Total intermediates
Pminds
76, 897, 521
$18, 164, 334
$0.24
Pounds
186, 596, 562
Acetaldehvde anUine
X
AcetanOide, tech
9, 60, 114, 156, 157
8, 60, 81, 124, 157
61,820
13, 925
.23
Acetyl-p-phenylenediamine
(P-
52, 747
amino-acetanilide) .
Acetyl-p-toluidine
39, 60, 157 -
226, 785
X
195
b-Amino anthraquinone
cid..
acid
28, 60, 129
9,34,61,81,84,124,157.
60 126
86,882
124
Aminoazotoluene
8, 19, 34, 60, 61, 81, 84,
124, 126, 145, X.
124
8,104
6,909
.85
77, 178
p-Aminobenzoic acid
60, 118, 156, X
4,376
8,469
1.94
13,325
60 - -
47285— 25t
-4
30 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 11. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Product
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
0- Amino-m-cresol - -
181
Pounds
Pounds
m-Aminocresol methvl ether..
39
p-AminodimethylanUine
79 ' .
l-Amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic
acid.
l-Amino-8-naphthol-4-sulfonic
8. 9, 19, 34, 39, 60, 81,
124, 126, 157, X.
39, 124, 129
3,877
$2, 249
$0.58
505, 741
54,296
acid.
l-Amino-8-naphthol-2:4-disul-
39, 60, 124, 129.
87, 156
fonic acid (Ctiicago acid).
l-Amino-8-naphtliol-3:6-d {sul-
60, 117, 124, 129
2, 219, 858
fonic acid (H-aeid).
2-Aniino-5-naphthol-7-sulfoiiic
39, 60, 124, 129, X
141,228
acid (J acid).
2-Amino-8-naphthol-6-sulfonic
acid (gamma acid).
2:Amino-8-naphthol-3:6-disul-
fonic acid.
o-Aminoplienol .
39, 60, 124, 129, X .
338, 811
129, X
10, 77, 85, 181, 188
10, 54, 60, 66, 77, 181,
188, 194.
9, 60, 81, 124, 188
9,007
91,018
20,639
101, 135
2.29
1.11
8,240
p-Aminophenol and hydro-
chloride.
o-Aminophenol-p-sulfonic acid
o-Aminophenol4:6-disulfonic
acid.
p-Aminophenyl-p-tolylamine
sulfonic acid.
153, 892
13,904
126
39
8, 9, 39, 60, 81, 124
69,024
p- Aminosalicylic acid
129
Anhydroformaldehyde aniline...
Anhvdroformaldehyde - p - tol-
60
60
uidine.
Aniline-3:6-disulfonic acid
124
Aniline hydrochloride.
29, 80,84, 124
846, 898
Aniline oil. . .
26, 29, 60, 80, 114, 116,
124, 125, X.
84, 124, 141...
12,522.044
1,995,440
.16
22, 257, 354
Aniline sulfate
o-Anisdine...
60, 129, 188...
4,780
12,504
2.62
7,736
Anthracene, refined (av. content
60, 171..
86 per cent).
59, 60, X - .
49,282
44,160
.90
zoic acid).
Anthraquinone (100 per cent)
Anthraquinone - 1:5 - disulfonic
acid.
Anthraquinone - 2 - sodium sul-
18,60,99, 124,171
638, 755
81, 124..
18, 60, 124, 129.
375, 350
fonate (silver salt).
124
Benzaliehyde . .
43, 73, 114, 132, 155, X.
9, 60, 114, 129
215,078
140, 598
.65
363, 298
Benzidine base and salt.
3, 4, 8, 34, 39, 60, 73,
124, 129, X.
75
236, 704
176, 038
.74
1, 351, 814
Benzidine disulfonic acid
43, 60, 73, 88, 132, 156,
X.
73, 114, 156
754, 462
464, 480
.63
860, 810
Benzoic acid, U. S. P
43,60,88, 156, X, X...
132
77, 615
49, 889
.64
148, 467
99,124"
17,88
Benzyl chloride ...
114, 132, 155
304, 117
87, 728
.29
607, 701
74
125
Broennei's acid. (See 2-naph-
thylamine-6-sulfonic acid).
Carhazole, refined (100 per cent).
60
66
188
X
124
60
Chlorohonz.cr.o (mono)
59,88,155...
5,367,275
319, 283
.06
8,288,459
X
X
124, 126
126
l-Chloro-2-methyl anthraquinone
X..
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES 31
Table 11. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Product
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
6-Chloro-4-methoxy-3-hydroxy
thionaphthaleDe.
Chromotropic acid. (See 1:8-
dihydroxy naphthalene-3:6-di-
sulfomc acid).
X
Pounds
Pounds
X
60
45
Chlorophenylhydrazine sulfonic
acid.
Chloro-m-phenylenediamine
Chloropyrazolone-p-sulfonic acid
60
126
60
124
60, 113, 159
acid.
87 .
Cresylic acid, refined (distillates
yielding below 215° C. tar acids
equal to or more than 76 per
cent of Jhe original distillate)
16
9, 124, X..
129
Dehydrothio-p-toluidine sulfon-
ic acid.
19, 67, 75, 129
27, 670
129
126
acid.
Diaminodimethyl acridine ...
141
60, 67, 124, 129
141, 274
39, 60, 129
60,180
Dianisidine hydrochloride
l-piazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonicacid
129 . .
8, 34, 39, 60, 126, X
98, 468
129
60
Dichloroaniline
39, 181, 188
35, 595
$25, 796
$0.72
52,951
126, 141
99,155.
p-Dichlorobenzene
4,59,60,88,99,130,155..
141
1,481,890
231, 971
.16
1,038,812
Dichlorophenylbydrazine sul-
fonic acid.
Dichlorophthalic anhydride
Dichlorosulfophenylpyrazolone . .
Dichlorosulfophenylmethylpyra-
zolone.
53
39
141
1, 192, X
3,773
b-piethylaminoethyl alcohol
192, X
53,60
192, X
DiethylanUine-rn-sulfonic acid...
eo
192
Diformyl-m-tolylenediamine
l:5-Dihydroxyanthraquinone
Dihydroxyanthraquinone sul-
fonic acid.
5:5-Dihydroxy-7:7-disulfonic-2:2-
dinaphthylamine (Rhoduline
acid).
5:5-Dihydroxy-7:7-disulfonic-2:2-
dinaplithyl urea (J acid urea) .
1 :5-Dihydroxynaphtha!ene
1 :8-Dihydroxynaphthalene-3 :6-
disulfonic acid (Chromotropic
acid).
39
81
X
.
60
60 124 129
60
8 60,117,124,129
63, 391
192
Dimethylaniline
2:2-Dimethyl-l :l-dianthraquin-
onyl.
Dimethylphenazine (tolazine)...
2:2-Dinaphthylamino-5:5-dihy-
droxy-7:7-disulfonic acid.
9,29,60,79,80,124
60 129
1,396,984
470, 366
.34
2,830,798
12^
^
113
Dinitroanthraquinone
124
29,60,124,181
1,465,566
4,81
4,60,81,99,124
1, 199, 629
177, 189
.15
6,024,092
Dinitrohydroxydiphenylamine...
39,81...
32 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHEE SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 11. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Product
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Dinitrophenol, and sodium salt
4,81,99
Pounds
Pounds
62, 581
p-Dinitrostilbene disulfonic acid.
75.
Dinitrotoluene
Dinitrotoluene sulfonic acid-
4, 60, 61, 76,.84, 124
39.
1,720,458
$199,053
$0.12
2,461,565
Dipheiivlamine ...
60.
Diphenylguauidine..
58, 60, 160, X
124
1,018,609
1,056,911
1.04
1,034,099
Diphenylmethane sulfonate. .
Diinethylphenylbenzylammon-
X
ium disulfonic acid calcium
salt (Leukotrope W).
Distilbenediphenol
124
o-Ditolylguanidine
60-.
Ditolylmethane .
124
o-Ditolvlthiourea
60,79
6-Ethoxy-3-hydroxv thionaph-
X
thalene.
m-Ethoxy phenyl-p-toluidine
X
124
Ethyl-p-aminoaeetanilide
Ethyl-p-amino benzoate. . . .
124 .
118
Ethylaniline (mono) .
37, 60, 124, 192
71,137
Ethylbenzylaniline
37, 60, 124, 192, X
109, 353
Ethylbenzylaniline disulfonic
60
acid.
Ethylbenzylaniline sulfonic acid.
37,39,124
76, 618
Ethyl ester of p-toluene sulfonic
acid.
Ethvlidene aniline
181
125
Fluorescein .
9,53,84,X
[
58, 076
Fcrmaldehyde-p-amino aniline.
79
Formanilide (anhydroformalde-
hyde aniline).
Fumaricacid.
60, 125, 150, 157, X
124
65, 186
26, 891
.41
88,736
Gamma acid. (See 2-amino-8-
naphthol-6-sulfonic acid.)
39
H acid. (See l-amino-8-naph-
thol-3:6-disulfonic acid.)
125 - -
39,60,81
b-Hydroxy naphthoic anilide
60, 81, 124
(naphthol AS).
p-Hydroxy phenyl arsonic acid
and sodium salt.
m-Hvdroxvphenyl-o-toluidine .
112
X
Indophenol
8 ....
i§s : : :::
J acid. (See 2-amino-5-naphthol-
7-sulfonic acid.)
Laurent's acid. (See 1-naphthyl-
amine-5-sulfonic acid )
Maleic acid
124
124
X
Metanilic acid
60, 81, 84, 124, 126 .
294,838
81 .
Methyl aniline sulfonic acid _
75
m-Methylaniline sulfonic acid
X
99
195
i
Methylene dianilide
60
129
Miehler'shydrol. (Seetetrame-
thyldiaminobenzbydrol.)
Michler's ketone. (See tetrame-
thyldiaminobenzophenone.)
Naphthalene, solidifying 79° C.
or above (refined, flake).
1:5 Naphthalene disulfonic acid.
2:7-Naphthalene disulfonic acid..
1:3: 6- Naphthalene trisulfonic
acid
a-Naphthol
16, 29, 60, 104, 129, 155,
187.
60, 124
11,961,480
602, 580
.05
15, 323, 577
60, 157
157
34,39, 84, 129, 170, X...
119,796
b-Naphthol, tech
29,34,39,84,157.
3,9,34,39,60,124,129...
2, 961, 514
19, 038
,
656. 830
18, 975
.22
1.00
3, 745, 690
l-Naphtho!-4-sulfonie acid (Ne-
vile & Winther's acid).
230, 077
COAL-TAR INTERMEDIATES 33
Table 11. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924 — Continued
Product
l-Naphthol-5-sulfonic acid
l-Naphthol-3:6-disulfonic acid
l-Naphthol-8-chloro-3:6-disul-
fonic acid (chloro H acid).
l-Naphthol-3:8-disiLlfonicacid
l-Naphthol-3:6:8-trisulfonic acid..
2-Naphthol-l-sulfonicacid
2-Naphthol-6-sulfoDic acid
(Schaeffer's acid).
2-N aptiihol-7-sulfooic acid
2-Naphthol-8-sulfonic acid
2-Naplilliol-3: 6-disulfonic acid...
2-N aphthol-6 : 8-disulfonic acid - - .
Naphtho-l:8-sultam-2:4-disnl-
fonic acid.
Naphtlio-l:3-sultoii-8-sulfonic
acid.
a-Naphtiiylamine
b-Naphthylamine
l-Naphthyianiine-4-sulfonic
acid (napiilhionic acid).
1-N aplithy lamirie-5-sulfonic
acid (Laurent's acid).
1-Naplilhylamme-C-sulfonic acid.
l-Naphtliylamine-7-sulfonic acid,
l-Naphthylamine-6- and-7-sul-
fonic acia ((_ leve's acrds).
1-N apiUliylamine-8-sulfonic acid.
1-N aphthylamme-3: 6-disulfonic
acia (Freund's acid).
1-N aphthylamine-3: 8-disulfonic
acid.
1-N aphthylamine-4: 8-disulfonic
acid.
1-N aphthylamine-3 : 6 : 8-t r i s u 1 -
fonic acid.
2-Naphthylamine-l-sulfonic acid.
2-Naphthylamine-6-sulfonic acid
(Broenner's acid).
2-Naphthylamine-4:S-disulfonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-5 : 7-disulfonic
acid.
2-Naphthylamine-6: 8-disulfonic
acid.
2-N aphthylamine-3 -.6: 8-t r i su 1 -
fonic acid.
Nevilc 6i VVinthers acid. (See
l-naphihol-4-sulfonic acid.)
p-N itroacetaniJide
N itroaminophenol
4-Nitro-2-aiuinophenol-6-sulfonic
acid.
m-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline
p-Nitroaniline-o-sulfonic acid
o-Nitroanisole _
p-Nitro-o-anisidine
Nitroarsanilic acid
Nitrobenzene (oil of mirbane) . - .
m-Nitrobenzoic acid
p-Ni trobenzoic acid
Nitrobenzene sulfonic acid
o-Nitrochlorobenzene
o-Nitrochlorobenzene sulfonic
acid.
o-N itrochlorobenzene-p-sul fonic
acid.
p-N itrochlorobenzene
p-Nitrochlorobenzene-o-sulfonic
acid.
m-Nitro-p-cresol
o-Nitro-p-cresol-.-
8-Nitro-l-diazo-2-naphthol-4-sul-
fonic acid.
Manufacturers' identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
8, 39, 60, 81, 117, 124,
126, 129.
157
124
34, 124, 129.
60.
8,9,39,60,61,81,124,157.
39, 60, 157.
39, X.
Sales
Quantity
Pounds
3, 29, 34, 39, 60, 81, 124, ! 148, 192
126, 157, 176, 184, X
29, 34, 39, 60, 124, X. . . 8, 276
60 --.
Value
Average
price per
pound
$70, 349
3,529
39.
16, 129
39, 60, 124, 129
9, 34, 39, 49, 60, 84, 124,
129, X.
9, 34, 60, 81, 124, 126,
129.
X..
X....
39, 60, 124, 129...
8, 60, 81, 124, 126.
81.
39, 129
39,60, 124, 129..
60, 117, 124, 129.
8, 30, 39, 60, 63, 157.
8,39,60, 124
39, 129
39, 60, 124, 129.-..
39, 60, 124, 129, X.
129, X
157
39, 61, 81, 126, 188.
188...
9,60, 181
9, 60, 156, 157, X.
8, 60, 75, 157, 188-
39, 60, 129
60.
118
29, 60, 80, 124, 125, 129.
60..
1, 60, 156, X-
75
60, X
124-
126-
60, X-
39, 75.
39
181
34, 39, 60, 81.
164, 736
722, 943
4,626
4, 357, 239
147, 707
459, 936
6,184
396, 237
$0.47
.43
LOO
.64
L34
Total
production
Pounds
106, 696
83, 161
27, 876
537, 786
339, 579
441, 895
1,311,795
110,874
100, 029
236, 490
259, 968
2, 840, 135
306, 159
16, 321
269, 063
590, 462
16, 033
44, 831
964, 344
7,086
178, 243
40, 012, 976
40,"379
34 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 11. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924 — Continued
Product
3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic
acid.
Nitronaphthalene.
o-NitrophcDol --
p-Nitrophenol...-
Nitrosalicylic acid.. --
Nitrosobetanaphthol —
o-Nitroso-m-cresol
Nitrosodiinethylaniline - - .
Nitrosophenol .
Nitrosulfoanthrarufln -
Ni ti otoluene -
o-Nitrotolucne sulfonic acid...
o-Nitrotoluene -
m-Nitrotoluene
m-Nitrotoluene sulfonic acid..
p-Niti'otoluene
p-Nitrotoluene sulfonic acid..
p-Nitrotoluene-o-sulfonic acid.
m-Nitro-p-toluidine
p-Nitro-o-t oluidine
Nitroxylene
Oxalylarsanilic acid
Oxalyl-m-phenylenediamine. .
Oxalyl-p-pheny lenediamine. . .
Phenol.. - —
Manufacturer's identi-
fication numbers ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
112, 118.
16, 129
85, 181, 188
45, 60, 129, 181, X.
126-
X.--
Phenyl - 2 - amino - 5- naphthol -
7-sulfonic acid (phenyl J
acid) .
Phenyl-a-naphthylamine
Phenyl-1-naphthylamine - 8 - sul-
fonic acid.
m-Phenylenediamine
m-Phenylenediamlne sulfonic
acid.
p-Phenylenediamine
Phenylglycine, sodium salt
Phenylhydrazine
Phenyl hydrazine-p-sulfonic acid
Phenylmethylpyrazolone
Phenylmethylpyrazolone p-sul-
fonic acid.
Phenyl pyrazolone
Phthalic acid and anhydride
Picramic acid
Primuline, base
Pyrazolone
Quinaldine -
Quinazarin
Resorcinol, tech
Resorcinol, U. S. P.
Rosaniline ---
Salicylic acid, tech
Salicylic acid, U. S. P.. ,
Sulfanilic acid.- - •
o-Sulf o-beuzoic acid
o-Sulfo-benzoic acid, chloride
o-Sulfo-benzoic acid, ammonium
salt.
Tetraaminoditolylmethane
Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride. -
Tetramrthyldiaminobenzhydrol
(Michler's hydrol).
Tetramethyldiaminobenzophe-
none (Michler's ketone).
Tetramethyldiaminodiphenyl-
methane.
Tetramethylthiouramdisulfide...
Tetiamethylthiouramsulfide
Thioaniline
Thiocarbanilido -
181
29, 45, 60, 81, 99, 124.
129 192.
8, 10,'l8, 19, 39, 66, 81,
99, X.
124--- --
60,61,76,84,124,129...
39.
4,60,80,124,129.
60,129
75.
4,60,76,124,129
75 -
39, 60, 75, 124, 129, 188.
39,60,157,176
39,60,124
60,124,129 -.
118.-- --
60 - -
60.
15, 16, 59, 108, 139,
160, X.
60,124...-
60
8, 60, 81, 124, 126.
29, 34, 39, 49, 60, 81, 84,
124, 126, 129, 181, X.
39,60 -
77, 109, 157, X.
59,60,124
141
29,60,75,141..
75,141
60
126
60, 124,X,X.-
29, 124
19, 75, 124, 138.
126.-.-
124
9, X-.-
139, X
139, X.-
84
59,87,116 -
59,87, 116, 155, X-
9, 29, 34, 39, 60, 84, 108,
124, 141, 181.
90 -- -.-
90 -
90...-
60,141.
53
60
40, 60 --
40, 60, 81, 124.
125
126 -
8- -
60, 79, 124, 125, 129,
150, X.
Sales
Quantity
Pounds
31, 936
Value
$14, 728
165, 762 328, 222
8, 273, 598
20, 761
302, 158
2, 505, 533
18, 781
382, 642
2, 277, 073
556, 265
1, 104, 512
147, 517
2, 739, 404
353, 058
25, 504
642. 626
Average
price per
pound
$0.46
.90
.23
Total
production
Pounds
138, 819
165, 262
5, 151, 589
"2,'656,'36i
1, 351, 631
722, 654
194, 644
684, 056
10, 521, 944
181, 558
744, 752
301, 280
'120,721
2, 787, 308
'162,019
1, 757, 581
2, 196, 292
1, 385, 441
3,397,397
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 35
Table 11. — Production and sales of coal-tar intermediates, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturer's identi-
. ficatiori numbers ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Product
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Tolidine and salts
39,60,124,129
Pounds
Pounds
153, 793
Tolidine disulfonic acid
X -
o-Toluene sulfamide
X
p-Toluene sulfamide
X
p-Toluene sullochloride.
X
p-Toluenesulfonyl ethyl ester
124
Toluidine
39,76,80,124
112, 250
$23, 899
$0.20
m-Toluidine
60
4,60,76,124,129
4,60,76,124,129
60.
1,135,819
118, 754
150, 907
86, 639
.13
.73
1, 184, 550
566, 528
p-Toluidine
p-Toluidine-m-sulfonic acid
o-Toluidine sulfonic acid
84
p-Toluidine-o-sulfonic acid
39,126
4,8,9,34,39,49,60,61, 1S4. a.'iS
157, 580
.86
870, 794
m-Tolylenediamine sulfate
81, 84, 124, 129, X.
124
p-Tol y lenediamine
4,61
9
m-Tolylenediamine sulfonic acid .
39,61,124
Tolyl - 1 - naphthylamine - 8- sul-
124
fonic acid (tolyl-peri acid).
Tricresyl phosphate..
33
Triphenylguanadine
60, 124, 125, 150, X i 340,829
29,60,124,129 222,932
125
237, 842
87, 318
.70
.39
429, 808
Xylidine and salt
372, 411
Zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate..
Table 12.
-Production of intermediates, by groups, according to unit values,
1921-1924
1924
1923
1922
1921
Group
Pounds
Per cent
of total
Pounds
Percent
of total
Pounds
Per cent
of total
Pounds
Per cent
of total
0-15 cents
16-25 cents
26-50 cents
61-75 cemts
$0.76-$l
88, 160, 641
37, 359, 904
37, 179, 993
10, 588, 270
6, 246, 565
4, 112, 585
968, 676
1,407,047
303, 938
268, 943
47.247
20. 022
19. 925
5.674
3.348
2.204
.519
.754
.163
.144
104,419,268
50, 233, 638
42, 556, 640
16, 486, 159
9, 664, 153
5,587,436
914,837
951,521
136, 302
443, 927
46. 127
21, 709
18. 391
7.125
4.176
2.415
.395
.411
.059
.192
94, 688, 278
26, 233, 604
24, 399, 085
8, 289, 387
6, 918, 904
3,957,355
568, 339
721, 637
197, 071
74, 495
67. 372
15. 894
14. 783
5.022
3.586
2.398
.344
.437
.119
.045
28, 682, 310
16, 986, 701
11,457,741
4, 329, 047
4, 689, 343
2, 517, 764
1,204,584
731, 758
110,316
190,348
40. 455
23. 969
16. 160
6.106
6.614
$1.01-$1.50..
$1.51-$2
3.551
1.699
$2.01-$3
1.032
$3.01-$4
.156
Over $4
.268
Total
186, 596, 562
100
231, 393, 871
100
165,048,165
100
70, 899, 912
100
Dyes and Other Finished Coal- Tar Products
INTRODUCTION
Finished coal-tar products may be divided into eight classes as
follows: (1) Dyes, (2) color lakes, (3) photographic chemicals (de-
velopers), (4) medicinals, (5) flavors, (6) perfume materials, (7)
synthetic phenolic resins, (8) synthetic tanning materials. In
previous reports the Tariff Commission has emphasized the close
relationship existing between the manufacture of explosives, poison-
ous gases, and dyes. This was clearly demonstrated in Germany
where during the war the dye plants supplied the army with poisonous
36
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
gases and explosives. In the United States many plants, formerly
manufacturing explosives, have since the signing of the armistice been
converted into d^^e factories. The dye industry is now considered
a key industry by the industrial nations of the world. Closely
connected also with dyes is the manufacture of flavors, perfume
materials, photographic chemicals, medicinals, and other coal-tar
products, which, although produced in smaller quantities, use as
raw materials many of the by-products obtained in the manufacture
of coal-tar dyes.
The total production of dyes and other finished coal-tar products
in 1924 by 153 firms was 97,730,211 pounds, as compared with
122,950,171 pounds by 164 firms in 1923. Sales in 1924 amounted
to 93,636,109 pounds, valued at $55,932,580, a decrease from the
previous year when they totaled 115,297,586 pounds with a value of
$65,898,177.
Table 12 shows the 1924 production of dyes and other finished
products in as great detail as is possible without revealing the output
of individual manufacturers.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION OF DYES
DECLINE IN PRODUCTION
The output of coal-tar dyes in 1924 by 78 firms was 68,679,000
pounds. This is a 27 per cent dechne from 1923, the peak year,
when production totaled 93,667,524 pounds. Sales in 1924 totaled
64,961,433 pounds, valued at $35,012,400. Sales in 1923 totaled
86,567,446 pounds, with a value of $47,223,161. The decline in
dye production may be explained largely by the reduced activity
of the textile industry. Other factors contributing were (1) stocks
carried over from 1923, when j)roduction exceeded sales by over
7,000,000 pounds; (2) increased imports, following the 15 per cent
reduction in the tariff efi'ective September 22, 1924; (3) a reduction
in exports amounting to 2,210,772 pounds. The following table
shows the production of dyes in 1914 and from 1917 to 1924, inclusive:
Table 13. — Domestic production and sales of coal-tar dyes, 1914, and 1917-1924
Year
Production
Sales
Pounds
Value
1924.
1923.
1922.
1921.
1920.
1919.
1918.
1917-
1914.
Pounds
68, 679, 000
93, 667, 524
64, 632, 187
39, 008, 690
88, 263, 776
63, 402, 194
58, 464, 446
45, 977, 246
6, 619, 729
64, 961, 433
86, 567, 446
69, 107, 105
47, 513, 762
$35,
47.
41,
39,
195,
'67,
'62,
'57,
'2.
012, 400
223, Ifil
463, 790
283, 956
613. 749
598, 855
026, 390
796, 228
470,096
» For the years 1914 and 1917 to 1920, value of production is given.
Stoclis on hand. — The Tariff Commission has for the first time
compiled data concerning the total stocks on hand of domestic dyes.
The following table gives the total stocks of all dyes on hand and the
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
37
same information for a selected list of leading dyes produced in the
United States:
Table 14. — Stocks of domestic dyes on hand January 1, 1924 and 1925
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
January 1,
1924
January 1,
1925
23
145
333
181
217
337
476
515
462
700
874
Total all dyes
Tartrazine
Orange II
examine black BHN
I Salieine black U
Agalraa black 10B._
1 Benzo blue 2B
1 Benzamine brown 3G0
Methyl violet '
Direct deep black EW
Nigrosine (water soluble)...
Indigo (20 per cent paste). --
Sulphur black
Sulphur brown
Total of 13 dyes listed
Pounds
26, 834, 625
170, 581
399, 786
155, 972
341,053
456, 159
344, 944
295, 605
133, 908
1, 238, 433
436, 074
8,421,414
3, 592, 506
822, 777
Pounds
30, 337, 484
176,370
338, 101
238, 128
201,015
549, 370
355, 421
289, 144
138, 387
755, 310
434, 746
440, 997.
130, 861
815, 219
16, 809, 212 19, 863, 059
DECLINE IN PRICE
The weighted average price of all domestic dyes sold in 1924 was
nearly 2 per cent less than the average of those sold in 1923. The
following tabulation shows the trend of price in recent years :
Table 15. — Weighted average sales prices of domestic dyes, 1917-1924
Year
Weighted
average
sales
price of
domestic
dyes
Year
Weighted
average
sales
price of
domestic
dyes
1924
$0.54
.55
.60
1921
$0.83
1923
1920
1.08
1922
1917
1 1.26
» Unit value of production.
Indigo, the leading dye from the standpoint of quantity produc-
tion, showed an average sales price of 22 cents per pound in 1924 as
compared with 23 cents in 1923. In April, 1925, it sold for 14 cents
per pound or below the price in 1913, \vhen our entire supply was
imported from Germany and Switzerland. The average sales price
of Direct deep black EW was 38 cents in 1924, as compared with
43 cents in 1923. Agahna black lOB averaged 64 cents in 1924, a
decline of 7 cents from the previous year. Benzamine brown 3 GO
declined 15 cents per pound. Recessions were recorded in the
average price of many of the higher cost dyes.
Table 16 affords a comparison of the domestic sales prices of 100
dyes for the period 1917 to 1924, inclusive, with the invoice prices
of the same dyes imported in 1914. The colors for w^hich statistics
are given in this table represent about 90 per cent of the domestic
production. It should be noted that the domestic sales price is not
38
CENSUS OP DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
directly comparable with the invoice price in 1914. Invoice prices
do not represent the cost to the consumer, as they do not include
the importer's profit, or, in most cases, ''charges for containers and
picking, freight, and insurance to seaport, consular certification,
minor shipping charges at point of departure and at seaport."
TheSchultz number as indicated in column 1 is that of " Farbstoff-
Tabellen" (Dyestuff Tables), by Gustav Schultz, 1914 edition.
Column 2 gives the common name of the dye as adopted by the
Tariff Commission for designating all dyes reported under a given
Schultz number (column 1). The invoice price (1914), shown in
column 3, represents the weighted average of all dyes classified under
a given Schultz number in "Artificial Dyestuffs Used in the United
States," Department of Commerce, Special Agents' Series No. 121.
This weighted average price for all types is frequently higher than
the invoice price per pound of the bulk of dyes imported under a
given Schultz number. The individual dyes imported under given
Schultz numbers in the Norton census show a wide variation in
price, frequently amounting to several hundred per cent. This is
due chiefly to the great divergence in concentration of the different
dyes and also to the variation in prices of special and pure brands
which are more costly than the ordinary brands. The figures of
column 4, the domestic sales price as reported to the Tariff Commis-
sion, represent the weighted average price of all dyes reported under
a given Schultz number.
Table 16. — Domestic sales prices of 100 dyes, 1917-1924, compared with invoice
values of the same dyes imported, 1914
Schultz
No.
10
11
23
33
34
37
38
42
48
58
66
82
112
119
134
137
141
145
154
157
161
163
164
168
169
173
177
181
188
217
Name
Direct yellow R
Stilbene yellow
Chloraraine orange G . . .
Tartrazine
Chrysoidine Y
Chrysoidine R
Croceine orange
Orange Q.. -
Amide naphthol red Q-.
Alizarin yellow G
Alizarin yellow R
Amido naphthol red 6 B
Ponceau 2 R-
Bordeaux B
Diamine rose
Metanil yellow..
Acid yellow G..
Azo yellow
Orange II..
Palatine chrome brown.
Diamond black P V
Fast red A
Azo rubine
Fast red VR..
Amaranth
Cochineal red
Litholred R
Mordant yellow.
Salicine black U..
Snlphon acid blue R
Agalma black 10 B
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weighted
average
of all
types)
$0,178
.162
.239
.200
.136
.165
.133
.148
.150
.077
.154
.604
.095
.159
.411
.164
.176
.249
.081
.256
.130
.118
.198
.188
.138
.127
.083
.149
.156
.252
.134
Average price per pound
1917
$2.55
1918
$2.61
3.32
1.50 ,
1.09 I
1.22
1.13
1.25
3.04
.59
.83
I'lh'
1.46
2.24
1.32
2.04
.98
1.90
1.19
2.71
2.25
1.31
1.44
1.25
.74
2.92
2.25
1.08
2.86
1.91
.77
1.22
.89
.92
1.16
.68
.91
.88
.79
1.02
5.50
1.61
.85
2.02
.68
2.00
1.03
1.51
1.25
.88
1.16
2.38
1.35
1.62
2.25
1.26
1919
$1.74
1.99
2.04
1.04
1.12
.88
1.04
.97
.72
.84
.81
.80
.91
5.15
1.65
1.95
.63
1.68
1.05
1.43
2.20
2.98
1.32
.39
1.89
1.25
2.02
1.47
1920
$1.49
1.53
1.88
1.86
.87
.79
1.04
1.22
1.78
.63
.86
1.51
.80
.93
5.33
1.64
.43
2.08
.62
1.55
1.65
1.04
1.43
2.28
2.11
1.26
1.52
.81
1.10
1.95
1.29
$1.07
1.22
1.60
1.80
.77
1.46
.53
.69
1.25
.73
.84
3.89
1.20
1.04
1.85
.51
1.53
1.25
.96
1.26
1.96
3.23
.99
1.63
.98
.75
1.67
1.09
1922
$0.88
1.32
1.08
.63
.63
.77
.58
.83
.50
.61
.66
.61
.75
3.01
.92
1.03
1.30
.38
1.34
.83
.92
1.50
.86
.76
1.25
.76
.55
.91
.79
$0.81
1.00
1.22
.87
.58
.57
.58
.59
.71
.52
.61
.78
.58
.73
2.46
.80
.87
1.06
.37
1.09
.78
.85
1.27
.71
.73
1.15
.65
.53
.85
.71
$0.66
1.07
.72
.33
1.11
.77
.71
.79
1.17
.49
.91
.54
.48
.76
.46
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
39
Table 16.-
-Domestic sales prices of 100 dyes, 1917-1924, compared with invoice
values of the same dyes imported, 1914 — Continued
Name
1914
invoice
value
imported
dyes
(weighted
average
of all
types)
Average price per pound
Schultz
No,
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
227
$0. 165
.143
. 166
.110
.144
.172
.186
.183
.270
.179
.255
.133
.041
. .231
.189
.362
.194
.133
.209
.234
.267
.222
.275
.440
.144
.139
.174
.230
$1.35
2.50
2.25
2.25
1.89
2.50
1.17
1.48
12.64
2.47
$1.92
2.10
2.25
2.10
.84
1.40
.81
.97
5.71
2.01
$2.41
2.67
2.21
1.91
1.01
1.48
1.01
1.04
2.53
1.12
3.32
2.72
1.00
.88
1.36
2.72
2.20
1.80
1.69
2.07
3.18
2.40
3.08
1.97
1.04
1.04
1.85
2.14
1.65
1.83
1.23
3.08
3.26
4.66
5.12
4,57
2.44
4.86
4.93
6.35
$2.23
2.64
2.26
1.80
.87
1.55
.84
.91
2.81
.86
2.97
2.49
.88
1.07
1.08
2.59
1.99
1.46
1.67
2.47
1.98
1.88
2.11
2.43
1.03
.99
1.51
1.20
1.60
1.58
1.39
2.48
3. .32
4.23
5.22
4.67
2.39
6.82
5.20
5.90
$1.50
1.41
1.74
1.48
.94
1.25
.78
.85
2.03
.89
2.17
1.48
.69
.86
.99
2.09
1.65
1.20
1.03
2.33
1.53
1.67
1.90
1.39
.79
.71
1.21
1.03
1.15
1.45
1.06
2.02
1.97
3.68
3.94
3.28
1.66
2.91
3.64
3.42
$1.09
1.02
1.21
1.14
.66
.94
.66
.63
1.70
.65
1.44
.91
.48
.89
.93
1.39
1.10
.90
.78
1.64
1.28
1.45
1.52
1.22
.42
.61
.92
.98
.73
.88
.93
1.66
1.22
236
.$1. 16
.91
'Me"
.87
.60
.58
1.03
.59
1.39
.73
.41
.80
1.15
1.20
.95
.89
.54
1.67
$1.06
257
.89
265
.91
26G
275
Naphthylamine black D..
.67
.86
283
.53
284
.51
304
.84
307
327
1.28
333
337
Oxamine black B H N
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.97
3.25
1.37
1.56
1.53
.65
.37
340
342
Benzo orange R -
.72
.81
343
1.06
344
'2.' 82'
2.32
2.60
2.46
2.23
4.73
3.00
.83
363
391
Benzo purpurine 4 B
.73
.51
405
410
Benzo purpurine 10 B
1.42
419
Chicago blue R W
1.51
1.40
.97
.43
.52
.82
.83
.64
.94
.78
1.72
1.60
1.19
424
Chicago blue 6 B
1.26
426
Benzamine pure blue.-
5.00
.75
4.40
.85
.79
462
Direct deep black E W..
.38
463
Erie direct black R X .
.49
474
475
Oxamine green B
2.30
2.16
1.80
2.00
1.80
3.08
6.28
"8." 56"
9.10
3.84
4.85
8.50
4.71
10.78
11.91
6.98
10.00
8.58
6.00
4.43
3.00
5.96
3.09
5.93
5.41
1.11
1.51
.80
.60
1.63
..'15
.90
2.20
2.09
1.70
2.25
1.50
3.76
5.60
5.63
8.10
7.72
2.78
5.56
7.00
8.33
8.68
8.46
15^92"
7.81
6.00
3.04
3.56
.5.12
2.80
5.85
1.46
.71
.70
.63
.29
1.45
.48
.65
.68
.79
476
Benzamine brown 3 Q O
.49
477
Congo brown G . -
.194
.170
.240
.241
.221
.255
.294
.248
.368
.281
.409
.305
.312
.353
.415
.418
.352
.144
.136
.347
.390
.198
.126
.258
.149
.100
485
Benzo brown Q ...
.72
493
Auramine
1.52
495
Malachite green ...
1.70
499
Brilliant green . . . .
502
Guinea green .
1.77
2.26
1.29
4.56
1.86
2.42
1.72
2.08
1.25
1.61
512
Magenta . ..
1.72
515
Methyl violet . . ,.
1.13
521
Aniline blue .
530
Acid violet ._
1.86
2.39
1.72
536
Alkali blue
2.56
543
Patent blue
559
Victoria blue B.-
3.65
5.95
6.90
6.30
3.86
1.71
2.66
3.03
3.03
4.02
..^3
.71
.67
.59
.37
1.11
.47
.34
1.23
.83
5.14
4.99
6.72
4.19
4.17
1.59
2.36
3.06
2.94
3.88
1.21
.88
1.03
.72
.25
.98
.35
.47
1.62
.71
2.12
1.45
1.46
1.68
2.40
4.68
.74
1.00
3.86
1.88
566
Wool green S
1.10
.83
.75
573
Rhodamine B
587
Eosine.
2.51
3.70
1.37
1.59
2.44
1.94
2.60
.75
.70
.96
.68
.23
.64
.38
.59
.95
.73
2.31
.65
1.90
2.05
1.07
1.29
1.92
1.40
1.69
.94
.54
.82
.53
.21
.60
.40
.56
.79
.78
1.65
1.84
1.93
.70
1.17
1.93
1.47
1.45
.93
.52
.83
.46
.20
.50
.39
.48
.77
.73
2.00
.65
1.85
606
Phosphine
1.86
616
Primuline.
.79
617
Columbia yellow
1.09
626
Gallocvanine
1.86
659
Methylene blue . . .
1.26
679
Safranine
1.45
697
698
699
Induline (spirit-soluble)
Nigrosine (spirit-soluble)
Induline (water-soluble)-. . ..
.78
.48
.74
700
720
Nigrosine (water-soluble)
Sulphur black
.48
.19
Sulphur blue
.55
Sulphur brown
.107
38
Sulphur tan
37
Sulphur maroon
.186
Sulphur yellow
.99
1.09
.53
763
Indanthrene dark blue B 0
Alizarin
.227
.100
.224
.290
.354
.334
.128
.340
2 23
778
3.38
1.95
1.58
1.45
1.58
6.96
17.62
.59
.64
779
Alizarin orange
782
Alizarin brown
.88
.80
1.32
2.41
3.76
.45
.65
1.86
'".'25"
.45
1.24
1.63
1.24
.23
.58
2 08
842
Indanthrene blue G C D
849
Indanthrene vellow
874
Indigo synthetic
1.42
.38
.88
.62
?5I
877
Indigo extract
,5R
40 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
^INTERMEDIATES ^DYES
AVERAGE PRICE
(U.S. PRODUCTION)
1917-1924
1917 i9\a 1919 (920 1921 1922 1923 1924
Relation of production to coiisiim-pfiort,— Imports of coal-tar dyes
in 1924 we-e 3,022,539 ' pounds, with an invoice value of $2,908,778.
Production in that year was 68,679,000 pounds, valued at $37,086,660.
Imports were accordingly 4.4 per cent of the total output by quantity
and 7.8 per cent by value. As the pnce paid by the consumer for
' This total poundage is in excess of the actual quantity imported because most of the vat dyes have been
reduced to a single strength basis in order to facilitate comparison of imports and production.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 41
imported dyes is greater than the invoice value, it follows that the
true ratio of the sales value of imports to the value of production is
greater than the estimate of 7.8 per cent.
The domestic exports of dyes, colors, and stains derived from coal
tar in 1924 totaled 15,713,428 pounds, valued at $5,636,244. Assum-
ing domestic consumption to equal domestic production plus imports
minus exports, 55,988,111 pounds were consumed in 1924. This does
not, however, take into consideration stocks carried over. Imports
constituted only 5.4 per cent by quantity of the apparent consump-
tion.
NEW DYES PRODUCED
The commercial production of over 60 dyes not made in 1923, and
many of which had never before been made in the United States, was
reported in 1924. These additions include dyes previously imported,
some of them being the leading dyes imported into this country.
These dyes are complex t3^pes of high fastness, and their manufacture
is a step m.arking progress toward a self-contained domestic industry.
Conspicuous among these additions are the vat dyes, such as Indan-
threne golden orange R.RT and G. Others include representatives
of each class of dyes applied to cotton, silk, wool, and leather. Among
the new direct colors for cotton are specialties of higher fastness and
types for coupling with certain intermediates. A variety of acid and
chrome dyes for wool first produced in 1924 include Cyananthrol RXO
and several alizarin derivatives, such as Alizarin emeraldole G and
Alizarin rubinol E, GH.
The Gallopont dyes, which are very brilliant in color, represent a
development of interest to the textile printing industry. They are
related to the basic dyes, but are said to have better fastness than
the basic colors. They have the advantage of being easy to apply,
as no mordants are required and steaming is unnecessary.
Work now under way in this country may be expected to result in
the production of a number of other valuable dyes not heretofore
produced in the United States and tending to give a more complete
line of colors.
TARIFF CONSIDERATIONS
AMERICAN SELLING PRICE APPLIED TO COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
The act of 1922 provides that the ad valorem rate of duty on
any imported coal-tar products coming within paragraph 27 or 28
shall be based upon the American selling price (as defined in sub-
division (f) of section 402, Title IV) of any similar competitive article
manufactured in the United States. A product is defined by the
act as similar or competitive wdth any imported coal-tar product
when it accomplishes results substantially equal to those accomplished
by the domestic product used in substantially the same manner.
In the event of a similar competitive article not being manufactured
in the United States, the ad valorem rate is based upon the United
States value (as defined in subdivision (d) of section 402, Title IV)
which is the selling price in the United States of the imported article
less certain statutory deductions, including profit, general expense,
cost of insurance, transportation, and duty.
42 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
For the administration of these new provisions the Department of
the Treasury made additions to its corps of experts and assistants
and installed new laboratory equipment for testing dyes and allied
coal-tar products. It collected and tested many thousands of dye
samples of both foreign and domestic manufacture, in order to
establish lists of competitive and noncompetitive dyes and standards
of strength for the assessment of specified duties.
Difficulties arising in the early administration of paragraphs 27
and 28 were largely met by regulations issued by the Treasury Depart-
ment on March 3, 1923.' (T. D. 39485, art. 709, Customs Regula-
tions, 21923.) The major regulations may be summarized as follows:
The importer shall be permitted, under proper supervision, to take samples
from his importations prior to entry.
Importers seeking information from the appraiser shall furnish such relevant
information as the appraiser may request.
In the determination of a similar competitive article, the use requiring the
major portion of the total consumption shall be the basis for deciding whether
the article accomplishes substanially the same results.
An imported article used for the same purpose as a domestic article not freely
ofifered. for sale, but used to produce a domestic article freely offered for sale,
shall be considered competitive.
The appraiser shall be required to issue lists of competitive and noncom-
petitive dyes, such lists to be for advisory purposes only.
The appraiser may furnish the importer under certain conditions, information
as to the American selling price or the United States value of imported articles.'
If any imported article is not listed, either as competitive or noncompetitive,
the appraiser shall be required to ascertain whether it is competitive or noncom-
petitive, and advise the importer of his decision, pending which the importer
may withhold formal entry.
When an imported similar competitive article is of diflPerent strength from the
domestic, the price is to be adjusted in proportion to the difference in strength
between the two.
The value of an imported article competitive with a domestic article not freely
offered for sale but used in the manufacture of other articles shall be the American
selling price of the article freely offered for sale, adjusted according to the relation
that it bears to the domestic article not freely offered for sale.
When the price of the domestic article is found to be unreasonable, it shall not
be used, but instead the price the producer would have received within the mean-
ing of section 402 (f) .
In case two or more domestic articles are considered similar to and competitive
with the imported article, the American selling price of that article which accom-
plishes results most nearly equal to the imported article shall be taken.
Articles of noncoal-tar origin may be considered in determining a similar
comi^etitive article.
Tests on articles are to be made imder conditions approximating those obtaining
in the trade.
Appraisers at ports other than New York shall when in doubt consult the
appraiser at New York and if dissatisfied with his advice may submit the matter
to the Treasury Department.
The method of calculating the United States value has been fixed by the Treas-
ury Department.
The first lists of competitive and noncompetitive dyes were issued
by the Treasury Department in the early part of April, 1923; and
supplementary lists were subsequently issued, so that they now
cover most of the products imported.
A tentative list of standards of strength for use as a basis in levying
specific duties was issued and distributed among importers, manu-
' The regulations as issued on Mar. 3, 1923, allowed the appraiser to furnish information only as to the
American selling price of competitive products. On July 18, 1924, this regulation was amended (T. D.
40332) to permit the appraiser also to furnish information as to the United States value of noncompetitive
articles.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAE PRODUCTS 43
facturers, and other dye interests with a request that criticism be
offered prior to May 27, 1923; on August 14, 1924, the standards
adopted were set forth in T. D. 39765, wliich was superseded by T. D.
40192.
With the development of an organization by the Treasury De-
partment for tlie administration of paragraphs 27 and 28, and a better
understanding by importers of tlie operation of the law, the most
difficult problems have been solved.
The constitutionality of the American selling price provisions was
sustained by the Court of Customs Appeals (T. D, 40313 of June
28, 1924).
The sole statutory test or criterion as to what constitutes a com-
petitive product is whether the foreign substantially equals the do-
mestic product in results accomplished and in manner of use. The
law does not similarly require that the domestic shall substantially
equal the foreign product in the particulars mentioned. (G. A.
8839, T. D. 40365, of 1924.) In determining whether the one ac-
com})lishes the same result as the other no exact formula is pre-
scribed. If by a slight change the imported article accomplishes
substantially equal results to those accomplished by the domestic
article, it is competitive. (G. A. 8897, T. D. 40517, of 1924; appeal
pending in Court of Customs Appeals.)
Delivery is not essential to establish the existence of similar com-
petitive articles manufactured and produced in the United States if
other necessary conditions exist, including ability to deliver, packed
ready for delivery in the ordinary course of trade and in the usual
wholesale quantities. (G. A. 8981, T. D. 40832, of 1925; ai)peal
pending in Court of Customs Appeals.)
The provisions of section 402, subdivision (f), have reference to
the American product. Hence tlie determination of the principal
market is governed entirely by the sale of the American product,
and the determination of the usual wholesale quantities must be
confined to a consideration of the sales which occur in such market.
(G. A. 9004, T. D. 40926, of 1925.)
Effect of reduction in duty on imports. — On September 22, 1924,
under the provisions of the tariff act of 1922, the ad valorem rate on
dyes and other finished coal-tar products, paragraph 28, was reduced
from 60 per cent to 45 per cent, and that on intermediates, para-
graph 27, from 55 per cent to 40 per cent. The specific duty re-
mained at 7 cents per pound.
In the commission's report for 1923 it was pointed out that the
specific duty is more effective on the low-priced dyes and that the
ad valorem rate is more effective on the high-priced dyes, and con-
sequently a reduction in the ad valorem rate would more directly
affect the higher-priced dyes. This is borne out by the figures of
Table No. 17, showing the actual and the equivalent ad valorem
duties under the act of 1922 on seven groups of dyes ranging from
25 cents to $3 per pound for both competitive and noncompetitive
products.
44
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHEK SYNTHETIC CHEMICAF^S
T3«
03 0»
a
n
'J"
fl
C3
o.
B
a
o
CO
a
li
C3'-'
^t3 a
> OS go
t9T3 a
> 03 o J
0<a>
[Ota >
?"o.a
a^cj
■a£>'o
C3 O'd
9^2
as era
> 0} a>
?0 (M Tt< CO Oi i-H
fS O <N ai op <© iO uri
"^ OS CO OS lO 00
•-« o o 01 00 r-- -
O CO (M t^ 05 1— ' ».
»-i 1-H CM e^ CO »o t
-^ 05 CO OS w:) 00
--< O O C3S 00 r^ -^
CO g? »o o <N -^ 00
O O --< CS CO *<f CO
g; t-* CM OS CO b*
o^jodcoiocococs
^ CO CO CO CO CO CO
•-H OS b- O O « 00
1-H w CS CO O CO OS
Tt^ W O 00 CO OS '-^
O --t CS CM Tj< 10 OS
OS CM '^ CO 10
CD O CO «0 CO OS CM
O CM CO •«*« t^ OS 10
• o 100 c
J-^CMOSC
00 OS O CM tj* b" CM
1-t C^ ■<*< 10 t^ OS Tf
i-H CM CO to 00 O lO
i-< CM CO Tj< CO OS CO
SoO-^OSt*-<**COCM
ooot^cococococo
>T3
^a
CM h-CM t^ t^l
CM CO 10 CD OS C
10 o »ooo o o
t-H CO -^ CD OS C^ 00
-o»oSo
DYES AND OTHEE FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
45
The rapid increase in monthly imports indicates increased competi-
tion from foreign-made dyes. Imports are almost entirely of German
and S^dss manufacture and consist largely of the higher cost dyes,*
The average monthly imports of dyes from October, 1924, to April,
1925, inclusive, was 452,403 pounds. This is an increase of 152 per
cent over the monthly average of the first nine months of 1924,
preceding the tariff reduction on dyes. Further details of monthly
imports are given in Table 18 and in the graph below.
TH0U5flNOt
POUNOi
600
500
-100
30O
Zoo
1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1
CURVE SHOWING IMPORTS OF COAL TAR DYES, BY MONTHS,
THROUGH THE PORT OF NEW fORK.
1
1
1
1
1
1
\
A
K
1
V
\l
P
^
/
\
\^
1
^
\
4
v ^
^ / ^
[ADVA
K.OH s
LOREM DC
neouctD ■
;pr. 22 /«
rr OP
Z4-
m
APR JULY
1923
I9Z5
Table 18. — Imports of coal-tar dyes into the United States
Period
Pounds
Invoice
value
Monthly average]
Pounds
338, 850
258, 153
Value
1922 -.
3, 982, 631
3, 098, 193
$5, 243, 257
3,151,363
$436, 838
1923
262, 614
First 9 months.
1,611,931
1, 410, 608
1, 642, 632
1, 266, 146
179, 103 1 182, 515
Last 3 months
470, 203
422, 049
Total 12 months
3, 022, 539
2, 908, 778
251,878
242, 398
1925:
403, 984
373, 259
527, 964
451, 005
359, 376
365, 268
488, 501
426, 141
Total 4 months . . -
1,756,212
1, 639, 286
439, 053
409,821
* See detailed monthly dye import lists, published jointly by the chemical divisions of the Department of
Commerce and the Tarifl Commission.
46
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
PRODUCTION OF DYES BY CLASSES
The dyes produced in the United States in 1924 are classified
according to method of apphcation as follows: (1) Acid dyes, (2)
basic dyes, (3) direct dyes, (4) lake and spirit-soluble dyes, (5) mor-
dant or chrome dyes, (6) sulphur dyes, (7) vat dyes, subdivided into
indigo and other vats, and (8) unclassified dyes. Wliile in certain
instances the classification is arbitrary, because a dye may have
properties which permit of its application by more than one method,
it is believed that the above classification facilitates a comparison
of production and import figures.
Comparative data for dyes produced in the United States from
1917 to 1924, inclusive, and those imported in the fiscal year 1914
and in the calendar years 1920 to 1924, inclusive, are arranged
according to the classes given in Table 19.
Table 19. — Comparison of imports of dyes, hy classes, fiscal year 1914 and calendar
year 1920-1924, with domestic production, calendar years 1917-1924
Class
Acid
Basic
Direct—- - -.
Lake and spirit-soluble.
Mordant and chrome -.
Sulphur
Vats (including indigo)
(a) Indigo..
(b) Other vats
Unclassified
Total
1914
Imports
Pounds
9, 286, 501
3, 002, 480
10, 264, 757
1, 512, 605
4, 450, 442
7, 053, 879
10, 352, 663
8, 407, 359
1, 945, 304
27, 568
45, 950, 895
Per cent
of total
1917
United
States
production
Pounds
20. 2 9, 372, 121
6.5 I 2,073,043
22.3 11,181,761
934,360
4, 164, 902
15, 588, 222
289, 296
274, 771
14, 525
2, 368, 541
3.3
9.7
15.4
22.5
18.3
4.2
.1
100 45,977,246
Per cent
of total
20.4
4.5
24.3
2.2
9.1
33.9
.6
.55
.05
5.0
100
1918
United
States
production
Pounds
9, 799, 071
2, 879, 639
12, 285, 683
1, 068, 466
5, 447, 192
23, 698, 826
3, 281, 337
3, 083, 888
197, 449
4,232
58, 464, 446
Per cent
of total
16.8
4.9
21.1
1.8
9.3
40.5
5.6
5.3
.3
100
1919
1920
Class
United
States
production
Per cent
of total
United
States
production
Per cent
of total
Imports
Per cent
of total
Acid
Pounds
12, 195, 968
4, 036, 532
14, 444, 934
1,813,199
3, 985, 050
17, 624, 418
9, 252, 982
8, 863, 824
389, 158
49, 111
19.2
6.4
22.8
2.8
6.3
27.8
14.6
14.0
.6
.1
Pounds
17, 741, 538
4, 993, 001
19, 882, 631
2, 205, 281
3, 900, 209
20, 034, 500
19, 338, 099
18, 178, 231
1, 159, 868
168, 517
20.1
5.7
22.5
2.5
4.4
22.7
21.9
20.6
1.3
.2
Pounds
733, 405
192, 163
571, 581
17,527
709, 482
229, 140
932, 464
171, 101
761, 363
16, 820
21.5
Basic
5.7
Direct
16.8
Lake and spirit-soluble
.5
Mordant and chrome
20.9
Sulphur
■ 6.7
Vats (including indigo).. .
27.4
(a) Indigo
5.0
(6) Other vats
22.4
Unclassified ....
.5
Total .
63, 402, 194
100
88,263,776 1 100
3, 402, 582
100
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
47
Table 19. — Com-parison of imports of dyes, by classes, fiscal year 1914 and calendar
year 1920-1924, with dotnestic production, calendar years, 1917-1924 — Con.
1921
1922
Class
United
States
production
Per
cent of
total
Imports
Per
cent of
total
United
States
production
Per
cent of
total
Imports
Per
cent of
total
Pounds
7, 843, 009
1, 853, 094
7, 053, 761
720, 406
3, 997, 442
10, 239, 255
7, 019, 120
6, 673, 968
345, 152
282, 603
20.11
4.75
18.08
1.85
10.25
26.25
17.99
17.11
.88
.72
Pounds
1, 455, 823
163, 527
537, 664
43, 553
695, 961
220, 938
1,116,345
70. 975
1, 045, 370
19, 100
34.24
3.84
12.64
1.02
16.36
5.20
26.25
1.66
24.59
.45
Pounds
9, 880, 014
2, 937, 585
11,931,737
1, 009, 512
3, 749, 701
16, 913, 767
16, 926, 744
15, 850, 752
1, 075, 992
1, 283, 127
15.29
4.54
18.46
1.56
5.80
26.17
26.19
24.52
1.67
1.99
Pounds
601, 395
155, 084
671,621
76, 853
716, 790
194, 883
15.10
3.89
Direct
16.86
Lake and spirit-solu-
ble
1.93
Mordant and chrome-
18.00
4.89
Vats (including indi-
go)
1, 549, 024 38. 90
(a) Indigo
(6) Other vats...
Unclassified
505 . 01
1, 548, 519 38. 89
16,981 .43
Total
39, 008, 690
100
4, 252, 911
100
64, 632, 187
100
3, 982, 631
100
Class
1923
United
States pro-
duction
Per cent
of total
Imports
Per cent
of total
Acid
Basic
Direct
Lake and spirit-soluble..
Mordant and chrome
Sulphur
Vats (including indigo) .
(a) Indigo.
(6) Other vats
Unclassified and special.
12, 498, 817
4, 157, 373
16, 858, 387
1,171,854
4, 078, 504
21. 558, 469
30,113,642
28, 347, 259
1, 766, 383
3, 230, 478
13.34
4.44
18.00
1.25
4.35
23.02
32.15
30.26
1.89
3.45
544,048
210, 896
527, 014
23,213
453,415
114,023
1, 207, 554
17.56
6.81
17.01
.75
14.63
3.68
38.98
1, 207, 554
18, 030
.58
Total 93, 667, 524
100
3, 098, 193
100
1924
Class
United States
production
Per cent
of total
Imports
Per cent
of total
Acid
Pounds
9, 187, 256
3, 676, 997
14, 662. 577
967, 550
2, 953, 987
14,561,257
21,818,022
19, 996, 703
1,821,319
851, 354
13.38
5.35
21. 35
1.41
4.30
21.20
31.77
29.12
2.65
1.24
Pounds
324, 538
249, 068
421,538
17, 334
413,902
87, 764
1,499,322
5,471
1,493,851
9,073
10.74
Basic...
8.24
Direct
13.95
Lake and spirit soluble
.57
Mordant and chrome
13.69
Sulphur... . . ....
2.90
Vats (including indigo)
49.61
(a) Indigo
.18
(6) Other vats
49.43
Unclassified and special
.30
Total
68, 679, 000
100
3, 022, 539
100
48
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHEK SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
ACID DYES
Description. — The acid dyes are commonly applied in an acid bath;
they have acid properties and are usually sodium salts of a color acid.
They constitute the most important group used in wool dyeing, being
especially adapted to the dyeing of hosiery and carpet yarns, suitings,
dress goods, and hat materials; they have, in addition, considerable
application on silk. They are little used on cotton or linen because
of their lack of affinity for vegetable fibers, but are of value in the
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
49
PRODUCTION a IMPORTS OF DYES BY CLASSES.
IMPORTS I9lit FISCAL YEAR.
PRODUCTION 13/7-2'^ '"''^li'S'/
m^ IMPORTS 1920- Z'^ CALINOAR YEARS.
MILLIONS Of POUNDS 5 lO IS
$S-
-^
/3 It
ISl 7
I9IS
191 3
19^1
I9Z2
1929
I 320
13Z1
/////////////////////////////■////A,
ACID
p
BASIC
/92,/63 1
I63,5zy ( ,
ISS.oe'r I
ZIO,e36 I
1917
1916
1919
t9iO
'//////'/////M//^/////'/////W//'//^X , DIRECT
=^ — 1 1
19m
1917
1918
LAKE &SPIRIT SOLUBLE
19 17
19 la
19 19
19 ao
t9^l
19ZZ
1913
i^lA
18 Zl
19 47.
1913
19i1
MORDANT a CHROME
y///////////w///////m
SULPHUR
220,9JS ( ,„o„„-,
;9'.,883 j'MPO«Ti
ll't.OZS )
y///////////////^//////////7A
VATS (iNDieo)
VATS (OTHER)
50 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
dyeing of jute. In general they are used on goods not requiring
repeated washings. ■Sf^
Acid dyes yield clear, bright shades. They are superior to the
direct and mordant dyes in purity of shade, but are not equal to
basic dyes in this respect. They have a wide color range, and in
fastness show great individual variation; as a rule they are fairly
fast to light and acids, and have a tendency to bleed in washing.
They yield faster shades on wool than on silk. Some of the more
complex acid dyes produce shades of good general fastness. A con-
siderable part of this group is of the lowest-priced dyes produced.
Their method of application in an acid bath is simple and of low
labor cost.
The line of demarcation between acid dyes and certain colors of the
direct and mordant groups is arbitrary. Certain acid dyes when
''aftertreated" with sodium or potassium dichromate yield shades of
food fastness to milling, light, washing, and other agents. These
nown as acid chrome colors are used chiefly on wool, especially on
loose wool yarns and piece goods, such as men's suitings.
Most of the acid dyes are chemically included in one of the following
groups: (1) Nitro compounds, (2) azo compounds, (3) sulphonated
basic dyes (mostly triphenylmethane derivatives)-(4) alizarin deriva-
tives.
Production and imports. — Measured quantitatively, acid dyes
ranked fourth in production in 1924, with a total of 9,187,256
pounds. Agalma black 10 B, the first of the acid dyes, was fifth
of all dyes manufactured in 1924, with an output of 1,271,980
pounds, and sales of 1,178,769 pounds, valued at $757,920 Ni-
grosine (water soluble), second in quantity of all acid dyes, had an
output of 1,241,330 pounds. Orange II w^as third, with an output
of 1,163,021 pounds. The next largest were Tartrazine, with an
output of 551,235 pounds; metanil yellow, 333,369 pounds; and
Ponceau 2 R, 322,999 pounds. Among the new acid dyes reported
in 1924 are Fast acid blue BGA, Brilliant fast red G, Brilhant sulphon
red, Azo acid blue and the Acid alizarin dyes, Alizarin emeraldole G,
Alizarin rubinol R and GW.
Imports of acid dyes amounted to 324,538 pounds, or nearly 11
§er cent of the total imports and 3.5 per cent of the domestic pro-
uction of this group. The eight leading acid dyes imported in
1924 were: Fast green, 30,721 pounds; Erioglaucine, 28,655 pounds;
patent blue, 23,606 pounds; Xylene light yellow, 23,247 pounds;
ralatine black, 12,050 pounds; Alizarin rubinol, 11,514 pounds;
Brilhant sulphon red, 11,373 pounds; Patent blue A, 10,715 pounds.
BASIC DYES
Description —The basic dyes surpass all others in depth, bril-
liancy of shade, and purity of tone. They possess high tinctorial
power, but as a class lack fastness, especially to light and washing.
Basic colors are used on cotton in dyeing and printing where
bright shades or color tints are desired without special requirements
for fastness. They are also employed in the dyeing of paper and
jute and for lithographic inks, typewriter ribbons, copy paper, and
Eencils. With the exception of Khodamine B and a few others they
ave little application on wool. Dyes of this class are chemically
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 51
basic in character and are fixed on vegetable fibers with an acid
mordant, namely, tannic acid.
They are historically the oldest of the coal-tar dyes. Mauve
or Perkin violet, discovered by W. H. Perkin in 1856, was the first
aniline dyestiiff produced on a commercial scale. Basic dyes are
not as important as formerly; for cotton dyeing they have been
superseded by direct and sulphur dyes, which cost less to apply and
many of which excel in fastness. In wool dyeing the acid dyes
have almost entirely displaced the basic colors. Chemically, basic
dyes include a large number of the triphenyl-methane derivatives
and, in addition, members of the following classes: (1) Azines, (2)
azos, (3) thioazines, (4) thioazols, and (5) acridines.
Production and imports. — In volume of output basic dyes ranked
fifth among dyes produced in 1924, production amounting to 3,676,-
997 pounds, or 5.3 per cent of the total. Chrysoidine Y, with a
production of 563,858 pounds, led this group. Dyes produced in
next largest quantity were Bismarck brown 2 R, with an output
of 559,670 pounds; Methylene blue, 413,075 pounds; Auramine,
390,192 pounds; and Malachite green, 183,536 pounds.
Imports in 1924 amounted to 249,068 pounds, or 8.2 per cent of
the total dye imports and 6.8 per cent of the production of basic
dyes. The six leading basic dyes imported were Rhodamine B
(single strength), 97,254 pounds; Rhodamine 6 G (single strength),
57,375 pounds; Phosphine, 24,300 pounds; Indamine 6 R, 7,900
pounds; Thioflavine T, 6,842 pounds; and Homophosphine, 4,860
pounds.
DIRECT COTTON DYES
Description. — The direct or substantive dyes have been introduced
within the past 25 years. Their method of application is simple, as
they dye vegetable fibers full shades in a neutral or alkaline bath,
"directly," without the use of mordants. Although their principal
application is on cotton, they are of special value in dyeing fabrics
containing both cotton and wool, or silk and cotton (union goods).
They are also used on linen, silk, and paper and to an increasing
extent on wool, e-pecially for knitting yarns, worsted and shoddy
yarns, and loose wool.
In fastne-is, individual dyes of this group show a wide variation.
On account of their hi^h solubility they have a tendency to run
when wa-hed. Many direct dye., particularly tho>e first introduced,
are sensitive to acids and fade on exposure to sunlight; others, espe-
cially the newer ones, have good fastness to both acids and light as
well as to other agents. Certain direct colors are of good fastness,
particularly to washing, after a treatment of the dyed fiber by " coup-
ling" with certain intermediates. An aftertreatment with metallic
salts or formaldehyde al-o improve-; the fastness of certain direct
dyes. These " developed " direct dj-es were not available in the early
years of the war; the ordinary direct dyes then used for hosiery were
unsatisfactory to consumers. Developed blacks, such as Zambesi
black V, are now manufactured in this country for hosiery.
With a few exception the direct dyes are chemically ''azo" com-
pounds and are nearly all derivatives of benzidine, tolidine, diamino
52 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
stilbene, or a group closely similar to one of these. A small but
valuable group of direct colors belongs in the thiazol class.
Production and imports. — The direct cotton or substantive dyes,
with a production of 14,662,577 pounds, ranked second in quantity,
comprising 21.4 per cent of the output of all dyes. Direct deep
black EW, with an output of 5,466,392 pounds, ranked first among
the direct dyes and third among all dyes. Its production was 8 per
cent of all dyes produced. Sales in 1924 were4, 947, 568 pounds, valued
at $1,877,534. Benzamine brown 3 GO ranked second, with an
output of 816,179 pounds, and Oxamine black BHN fourth, with an
output of 769,929 pounds. Other direct cotton dyes with a large
output include Chrysophenine G, the production of which was 507,720
pounds, and Direct yellow R, with an output of 453,424 pounds.
There was in general a decline in the production of the bulk dyes
of this group. Conspicuous increases occurred, however, in the
output of many of the faster and special types, among which may
be mentioned Columbia black and yellow. Diamine fast red F, Benzo
fast black and orange, and Chloramine fast orange. Progress in the
group lies in the production of a number of specialties of greater
fastness, giving an increased range of direct dyes for cotton and silk.
These, although, for the most part, consumed in relatively small
amounts, are essential for certain uses in the textile industry.
Among the new direct dyes reported in 1924 are Trisulphon brown
B and 2G, Diamine catechine B, Chlorantine violet, Benzoazurine3G,
Direct fast blue, gray, and black. The first two mentioned are
among the leading direct colors imported during the last four years.
The six leading direct dyes measured by volume of imports in 1924
were: Chlorantine fast brown, 30,202 pounds; Trisulphon brown B,
24,020 pounds; Diaminogene blue, 23,970 pounds; Chlorantine fast
blue, 17,268 pounds; Toluylene orange, 16,818 pounds; Trisulphon
brown GG, 14,754 pounds; Diaminogene B, 13,951 pounds. Imports
of this group in 1924 amounted to 421,538 pounds, or 13.95 per cent
of the total imports for that year and 2.9 per cent of all direct cotton
dyes produced.
MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Description. — These colors are used in conjunction with metallic
mordants, such as salts of chromium, aluminum, iron, and tin, to
dye both vegetable and animal libers. The resulting shades are, in
general, of exceptional fastness to color-destroying agents. The
mordant dyes yield on wool fast shades to hght, washing, and other
agents. They are also important in textile printing, particularly on
cotton piece goods, but are little used on silk.
The mordant dyes are frequently designated as chrome colors.
As many of them are derived from alizarin, they were formerly
called alizarin dyes. Certain dyes may be acid, acid chrome, or
chrome, according to the method of application. The true alizarins
are generally used with a mordant; the new acid alizarins can be
used either with or without a mordant. In the application of chrome
dyes on wool, the mordant may be applied before, during, or after the
dyeing operation. The labor cost of dyeing with mordant and
chrome dyes is higher than for other groups.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 53
Formerly tlie most important dye of this class was alizarin, used
on cotton to produce the well-known Turkey red, one of the shades
made in ancient times from madder root. Alizarin has for about 50
years been prepared synthetically from anthracene. In the United
States it has been replaced in part by certain of the so-called ''ice"
dyes, such as Para red and Naphthol AS red.
Chemically, the mordant dyes are members of the following
classes: (1) Anthracene, (2) azo, (3) oxazine, (4) triphenylmethane,
(5) nitroso, (6) oxyquinone, and (7) xanthone.
Production and imports. — The output of mordant and chrome
dyes was 2,953,987 pounds, or 4.3 per cent of all dyes manufactured
in 1924. Salicine black U with an output of 765,708 pounds ranked
first among the mordant and chrome dyes. Total sales were 884,634
pounds valued at S420,004. Alizarin saphirol B, second in produc-
tion, was followed by fast red VR, Diamond black, Alizarin yellow G
and Eriochrome black A. Among the new dyes of tliis group reported
in 1924 are Mordant yellow GRO, Anthracyl chrome green, Anthranol
chrome violet ECB and Yellow HSW, Chromate brown EBN, Erie
chrome brown R, Fast chrome brown R, and Green 6 B, Fast mordant
blue B and Chrome blue, orange, and yellow.
Imports of this class were 413,902 pounds, or 13.69 per cent of the
total dye imports, or 14 per cent ot the production of this group.
The eight loading mordant and chrome dyes imported are —
Pounds
Alizarin blue black 78, 195
Alizarin 42, 645
Alizarin saphirol B 40, 600
Alizarin pure blue B 20, 729
Alizarin astrol 16, 117
Alizarin orange 15, 202
Eriochrome azurol BC 12, 664
Alizarin brown 10, 996
SULPHUR DYES
Description. — This group of dyes produces heavy deep shades of
blue, green, brown, and black. They are used almost entirely in
cotton dyeing, being* especially adapted to uniform cloths, hosiery,
gingham yarns, and cotton warps to be woven with wool and later
dyed w^ith acid dyes. Their greatly extended use during the war
served to increase permanently their application on cotton. They
are also used in the dj^eing of linen and artificial silk.
The sulphur dyes possess excellent fastness to washing, fulling,
alkalies, and acids in cross-dyeing. With some exceptions, their fast-
ness to light is good. As they are not fast to clilorine, they do not
withstand the repeated bleaching action of hypoclilorites in the mod-
ern laundry treatment. They are applied in a sodium sulphide
solution with, in certain cases, aftertreatment with metallic salts to
improve their fastness. "Cacliou de Laval," the first of this group
to be discovered, was made in 1867 by the fusion of sawdust with
sodium sulphide and sulphur. Sulphur dyes are now prepared by
the fusion of various intermediates (containing the nitro, amino, or
imino groups) with sodium sulphide and sulphur. These dyes are
not pure, distinct compounds, and the presence of other substances
renders them of comparatively low color value. Recent develop-
47285— 25t 5
54 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
ments, however, have greatly increased the tinctorial value and shade
range of many of them.
Production and imports. — Sulphur dyes, with an output of
14,561,257 pounds, rauKed third in quantity of output, constituting
21.2 per cent of all dyes manufactured in 1924. Sulphur black was
second among all dyes manufactured in 1924, the output being
11,728,790 pounds, or 17 per cent of the total production. Sales of
this dye were 11,190,445 pounds with a value of $2,131,299, or a
unit value of 19 cents per pound. The production of sulphur brown
amounted to 1,401,334 pounds; sulphur blues, 515,666 pounds.
Conspicuous reductions in price occurred in many of the sulphur
dyes. Sulphur purple was one of the dyes first reported in 1924.
Imports of sulphur dyes amounted to 87,764 pounds, or 2.9 per
cent of the total dye imports, and 0.6 per cent of the domestic produc-
tion of this group.
The five leading sulphur dyes imported were :
Pounds
Cross dve green s. 35, 246
Thionof brown 16, 060
Thional brilliant blue 6, 001
Pyrogene green 2G 4, 630
Katigene green 4, 409
VAT DYES
Description- -V Sit dyes as a class possess exceptional fastness to
light, washing, acids, alkalies, and clilorine. Some of them are not
fast to all of these agents. The consumption of vat dyes is increasing
as a result of the increased demand by the ultimate consumer of
textiles for fast-dyed fabrics. As cotton goods dyed with these
colors withstand the severe treatment of the modern laundry, the
increased cost of dye per yard is a minor factor compared with the
increased life of a fabric dyed. Their superior fastness and the variety
and beauty of shades which they yield have been largely responsible
for a steady increase in their use. They are applied on dyed and
printed shirtings, blouse material, dress goods, ginghams, muslin
curtains, and other cotton wash goods, and have a limited applica-
tion on silk and wool. Because of their high cost they have a com-
paratively limited use in solid or heavy shades, but they are exten-
sively used for color stripes or for small printed patterns on a white
background. They possess technical advantages in application over
the alizarin mordant dyes.
With the exception of indigo, one of the oldest dyes known, vat
dyes are of recent origin, having been developed since 1904. The
Badische Co. of Germany manufactured the first members of this
class, known in the trade as the indanthrenes. This group was
followed by the ciba dyes of the Society of Chemical Industry at
Basle, Switzerland, and later by other series produced by several
different German concerns, including the algols, helindones, thio-
indigoes and hydrous. Prior to the war vat dyes other than indigo
were made exclusively in Germany and Switzerland.
Following the outbreak of the war, the United States and Great
Britain, two of the leading consumers of these dyes, began their
manufacture on an extensive scale.
Vat dyes are among the most complex of dyes, difficult to manu-
facture, and relatively high in cost. Chemically, they consist of
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAB PRODUCTS
55
indigoids (including thioindigoids) , anthraquinone derivatives, and
the carbazole derivatives.
In 1924. a water soluble leuco derivative of indigo, under the name
of indigosol, was y)laced upon the market by Swiss and German firras.
A similar derivative of Caledon jade green, known as Soledon jade
green, was manufactured by the Scottish Dyes (Ltd.). The com-
mercial production of water soluble leuco derivatives is a noteworthy
advance not only in this group, but in the entire realm of dye manu-
facture. They can be used on animal as well as vegetable fibers.
Their apphcation by the ''direct method" with subsequent oxidation
is less complex than by the alkali hydrosulphite process generally
used for the vat dyes.
Extended use of these new derivatives will depend in part upon their
selling prices.
Production and imports. — The total production of vat dyes in 1924,
including indigo, was 21,818,022 pounds, or 31.77 per cent of all dyes
manufactured. The total for this group in 1923 was 30,113,642
pounds.
The 1924 production of indigo (20 per cent paste) was 19,996,703
pounds, a decline of 8,350,556 pounds from 1923, the peak year.
Sales of indigo in 1924 amounted to 17,977,120 pounds, valued at
$3,916,569. The average price per pound was 21.8 cents as com-
pared with 23 cents in 1923. In April, 1925, the price had declined
to 14 cents per pound, a figure below the level of 1913, when our entire
requirements were imported. If allowances were made for the differ-
ence between the present purchasing power of the dollar as compared
with its 1913 value, the 1925 figure for this dye would be further
reduced. A comparison of the 1925 domestic selling price with prices
in foreign countries, for which data are obtainable, indicates that the
United States consumer is paying less for domestic indigo than con-
sumers in other countries are paying for their indigo.
The production of vat dyes other than indigo in 1924 was 1,821,319
pounds as compared with 1,766,383 pounds in 1923. This is a record
output and marks a distinct advance in the progress of the domestic
dye industry. The increasing consumption of vat dyes is shown in
the following table:
Table 20. — Production, imports, and consumption of vat dyes other than indigo,
in the United States, 1914 and 1920-1924
Year
Production
Imports
Consump-
tion
1924
Pounds
1,821,319
1, 766, 383
1, 075, 992
345, 152
1, 159, 868
Pounds
1, 493, 851
1, 207, 554
1,548,519
1, 045, 370
761,363
1, 945, 304
Pounds
3, 315, 170
1923.
2, 973, 937
1922-
2,624,511
1921..
1, 390, 522,
1920
1,921,231
1914
1, 945, 304
Among vat dyes other than Indigo, Indanthrene blue GCD led
in quantity of production and value of sales. Indanthrene yellow
ranked second. Conspicuous increases were recorded in the output
of Indanthrene green, black, and brown, and in Hydron pink FF.
The commercial production of Indanthrene golden orange RRT
and G is one of the notable achievements of the domestic dye industry
56 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
in 1924. Other vat dyes recently added to the domestic manu-
facturing program include Hydron scarlet BB, Hydron orange R,
Anthrene golden orange 4R, Ponsol brown G and R for printing,
Sulfanthrene blue GR, Indanthrene red BN, and Indanthrene violet R.
Imports of vat dyes in 1924 totaled 1,493,851 pounds. The nine
leading vat dyes (single strength) imported in largest quantity were :
Pounds
Indanthrene golden orange R 112, 339
Ciba violet B 82, 598
Indanthrene golden orange G 76, 046
Algol brown B 71, 313
Indanthrene blue GCD 68, 450
Indanthrene red BN 58, 520
Hydron pink FF 50,460
Hydron brown 42,681
Ciba scarlet 40,200
German 'production of vat dyes. — Table 21 shows the German pro-
duction of vat dyes other than indigo from 1920 to 1924, inclusive.
(1) As a total of the different powder and paste types shown in the
monthly lists of the Reparation Commission; (2) as converted to a
single strength basis. This latter figure is comparable with both
imports into and production in the United States. During this five-
year period the imports into the United States comprised about 13
per cent of the total German production. By individual years they
were as follows: 1920, 15 per cent; 1921, 14 per cent; 1922, 16 per
cent; 1923, 12 per cent; 1924, 9 per cent.
A comparison of the German output of individual vat dyes with
their corresponding imports into the United States shows that this
country imported during the period 1920 to 1924 from one-quarter
to over one-half of the German output of many vat dyes. Among the
vat dyes which have found a large market in the United States are
Indanthrene golden orange R and G, Algol brown R, Indanthrene red
BN, Indanthrene yellow G, Indanthrene blue GCD, and BCS, and
the Hydron and Helindone pinks.
Table 21.— Production of vat dyes {other than indigo) in Germany, 1920-1924 *
Year
Total ot ToWf"
1920'
Pounds
2, 603, 712
4.215,125
4, 543. 716
4, 549, 166
8,323,767
Pounis
5. 094, 205
1921 .
7, 480, 468
1922 - -
9, 640, 002
1923
10, 237, 852
1924
16, 879, 308
' From monthly reports to the Reparation Commission, Matieres Colorantes Fabriques par les Usinet
Allemandei.
' 11 months, February-December.
COLOR-LAKE AND SPIRIT-SOLUBLE DYES
These dyes, constituting one of the smaller groups, are used in the
preparation of a class of pigments known as color lakes, discussed in
detail on page 61. The spirit-soluble dyes are insoluble in water, but
dissolve in oils, fats, or various organic solvents; consequently they
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 57
find application for coloring varnishes, fats, oils, waxes, and similar
products. As many of the spirit-soluble dyes are converted by
chemical treatment, such as sulphonation, into water-soluble dyes
for use in textile dyeing, they may be considered as partly completed
dyes.
The output of color-lake and spirit-soluble djes in 1924 was 967,550
pounds, or 1.4 per cent of the total output of all dyes produced.
Imports of this group were 17,334 pounds, or 0.57 per cent of all dyes
imported.
FOOD DYES
Dyes classified under this group include a limited number of
selected dyes which meet the specifications of the Bureau of Chem-
istry, Department of Agriculture. They also include a highly refined
grade of Methjd violet, used for marking meats and certain other
food products. The total production of food dyes in 1924 was 264,178
pounds, with sales of 246,125 pounds, valued at S855,920. Produc-
tion in 1923 was 230,343 pounds, and in 1921, the first year in which
they were separatelv compiled, 50,709 pounds. The average value
of the sales was $3.48 per pound in 1924, $3.76 in 1923, and $5.80
in 1921.
DYES EXPORTED FROM THE UNITED STATES
Exports in 1924 declined 12 per cent in quantity, but increased 1
per cent in value. The total exports of "colors, dyes, and stains" in
1924 amounted to 15,713,428 pounds, a decrease oif 2,210,772 pounds
from the previous vear. The value of the exports in 1924 was
$5,636,244, an increase of $70,977 over 1923. The decline in quan-
tity in face of a slight increase in value is probably due to increased
exports of indigo in the form of powder (100 per cent) instead of
paste (20 per cent). Otherwise, exports in 1924 show little change
from the previous year.
Our export trade in dyes of domestic manufacture consists very
largely of Indigo and Sulphur black shipped mostly to the markets of
the Far East. Other dyes constitute a relatively small part of the
total by both value and quantity. The domestic dye producers
have exported Indigo and Sulphur black for several years. The peak
year for exports was 1920, a year of world-wide business activity,
prior to the reappearance of German dyes in internationrd trade.
Dyes other than Indigo and Sulphiu' black were also exported in con-
siderable quantity in 1920.
Keen competition has been encountered in foreign markets from
German and Swiss manufacturers, particularly from Germany since
the withdrawal of the French from the Ruhr. The price of German
indigo in China was reduced from 33 cents in January to 24 cents in
December, 1925. The principal markets for American dyes in 1923
were China, Japan, and Canada, followed by British India and
Central and South American countries. Details as to quantity and
value of exports to the various countries are shown in Part VI,
Appendix.
Prior to 1922 the Department of Commerce reported only the value
of exports of domestic dyes and d3^estuffs, under the following groups:
(1) Aniline dyes, (2) logwood extracts, (3) all other dyes and dye-
stuffs. The third classification covers both coal-tar dyes and natural
58
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
dyes other than logwood extract. Since logwood extract is by far the
most important natural dye exported from the United States it is
reasonable to assume that the figures returned for all other dyes and
dyestuffs are largely coal-tar dyes. The most important natural dye
included in the third group is derived from the bark of the black oak
(Quercus velutina) in two forms, viz, quercitron and flavine. These
were exported in considerable amounts diu-ing the war and in smaller
amounts previously. In 1922 the Department of Commerce adopted
a new classification, grouping coal-tar dyes under (1) color lakes and
(2) other colors, dyes, and stains. For the fh^st time the quantity as
well as the value of the exports was published.
Table 22 shows by months the total exports of dyes from the
United States from 1919 to March, 1925, inclusive.
Table 22. — Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-1925 {three months)
Month
January
February..
March
April..
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November.
December..
Total
January..
February.
March
April
May
June
July.
August
September.
October...
November.
December.
1919
Aniline
dyes
All other
dyes 1
$1,405,017
1,231,355
492, 291
777, 123
585, 970
858, G61
574, 274
761, 009
785, 497
1, 037, 708
887, 710
1, 327, 456
$755, 382
617, 050
278, 591
359, 512
239, 744
475, 571
267, 425
350, 491
557, 005
453, 390
300, 041
350, 226
10,724,071 I 6,004,428
Total
$2, 160, 399
1,848,405
770, 882
1, 136, 635
825, 714
1, 334, 232
841, 699
1,111,500
1,342,502
1,491,098
1, 187, 751
1, 677, 682
1920
Aniline
dyes
$917, 574
1, 850, 662
2, 648, 615
1, 829, 771
2, 180, 606
2, 389, 515
1, 770, 780
1, 151, 196
2,114,915
1, 802, 142
2, 006, 534
1, 788, 170
All other
dyes '
$372, 468
379, 825
850, 695
891,467
817,713
1, 239, 191
947,411
623, 181
551, 113
334, 167
211,465
154,415
15,728,499 22,450,480
Month
1921
Aniline 1 All other
dyes dyes i
$943,
397,
574,
305,
278,
444,
310,
513,
322,
349,
372,
254,
595
123
969
760
331
273
357
012
477
981
244
878
$349,114
72,641
95, 322
59, 250
91, 753
81,477
66, 626
70, 663
70, 228
73, 706
78, 703
94, 656
Total 5,067,000 1,203,139
Total
$1, 290, 042
2, 230, 487
3,499,310
2, 721, 238
2, 998, 319
3, 628, 706
2,718,191
1, 774, 377
2, 666, 028
2, 136, 309
2, 217, 999
1, 942, 585
7,373,111 I 29,823,691
Total
$1, 292, 709
469, 764
670, 291
365, 010
370, 084
525, 750
376, 983
583, 675
3^2,705
423, 687
450, 947
349, 534
6, 270, 139
> Commerce and Navigation reports under domestic exports of "dyes and dyestuffs" — "aniline dyes,"
"logwood extract," and "all other dyes and dyestuffs." Under this last-named designation may be in-
cluded both natural and coal-tar dyes. However, since logwood e.vtract — shown separately — is the most
important natural dye exported from the United States, it may be assumed that a considerable portion
of the exports under "all other dyes and dyestulfs" are coal-tar dyes.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 59
Table 22. — Domestic exports of dyes, by months, 1919-1925 {three months) — Con.
1922
Month
Color lakes
Pounds
January
February..
March
April.
May
June
July...
August
September.
October
November.
December..
5,059
6,796
3,612
8,446
401
282
356
593
341
576
1,702
64
Value
K188
5,124
3,162
2,105
500
361
249
411
607
890
2,228
103
Other colors, etc.
Pounds
364, 971
298, 364
708, 792
581, 367
328, 733
398, 975
726, 624
896, 701
664, 348
954, 922
1, 084, 890
1, 307, 272
Total.
28, 228 19, 928 I 8, 315, 959
Value
$325, 048
230, 544
405, 250
271, 671
227, 898
222, 370
364, 737
383, 692
304, 022
399, 439
395, 579
446, 365
Total
Pounds
370, 030
305, 160
712, 404
589, 813
329, 134
399, 257
726, 980
897, 294
664, 689
955, 498
1, 086, 592
1, 307, 336
3, 976, 515
8, 344, 187
Value
$329, 236
235, 668
408, 412
273, 676
228, 398
222, 731
364, 986
384, 103
304, 629
400, 329
397, 807
446, 468
3, 996, 443
Month
January
February...
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November.,
December.
Total
1923
Colors, dyes, and stains
Pounds Value
821, 847
1, 338, 395
1,606,168
1. 690, 402
1, 830, 068
1, 002, 256
2,915,531
1, 008, 878
1, 514, 228
1, 543, 869
1, 390, 927
1, 261, 631
17, 924, 200
$332,
443,
513,
498,
539,
383,
778,
388,
402,
474,
433,
377,
5, 565, 267
Month
January
February..
Alarch
April
May
June ,
July
August
September.
October
November.
December.
1924
Colors, dyes, and stains
Pounds Value
1, 432, 721
1, 739, 400
1, 244, 264.
1, 014, 824
751, 152
1,288,177
1,818,873
2, 083, 628
970, 880
1, 079, 935
1, 267, 978
1,021.596
Total 15,713,428 5,636,244
$494, 666
571, 776
408, 029
344, 605
323,917
410,314
555, 615
667, 696
437, 352
538, 099
505, 546
378, 629
Month
1925 (3 months)
Colors, dyes, and stains
Pounds
Value
January
2, 006, 681
2, 067, 046
1, 990, 398
$657, 919
February
602, 316
March . ...
554, HI
60
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
1 The domestic exports of dyes, as shown by the Commerce Department, arc divided into 3 groups-
CD aniline dyos, (2) logwood extract, and (3) all other dycstuffs. , . , .h^ .^ =.„^, „t„i„\
The third classification mav include both natural dyes (other than logwood extracts shown separately)
as well as coal-tar dyes. Since logwood extract, however, is the most important natural dye exjortcd from
the United States, it is reasonable to assume that a considerable portion ol "all other dyes and dyestulTs
'^''?n^'S^wwevcr,'^thf Commerce Department adopted a new classification Coal-tar dyes were grouped
under coal-tar finished products and were divided into (1) color lakes and (2) other colors, dyes, and stains.
Since 1923 color lakes have not been separately listed.
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS 61
OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
COLOR LAKES
Description. — A color lake is an insoluble color pigment. It is
commonly made by precipitating a coloring matter (a coal-tar dye)
on a carrier (the base). The desired properties of a color lake are
good coloring power, easy workability, brightness, and fastness to
weather, light, alkali, and acids. The precipitating agents used for
coal-tar colors are barium chloride, lead salts, aluminium hydroxide,
and tannin or tannin tartar-emetic. Among the more important
carriers are aluminium hydroxide, zinc white, lithopone, barytes,
whiting, China clay and certain native clays, and ocher. The
principal requirements of a carrier are (1) ready reduction to a finely
divided state and (2) absence of any deleterious effect on the shade
of the finished lake. The coloring matter includes those coal-tar
dyes known as acid dyes, basic dyes, and mordant dyes, as well as
certain azo dyes produced directly on the carrier. An example of
the latter is Para red produced from the intermediates p-nitroaniline
and b-naphthol. Another group of color lakes is made by the
precipitation of a water-soluble acid dye, with the aid of a mineral
salt to form an insoluble product.
After precipitation the insoluble lake is filtered, dried, and ground
with or without oil; it is then ready for use as a pigment in paints,
lithographic inks, artists' colors, wall paper, rubber products, and for
other coloring purposes.
Production.— The total production of color lakes in 1924 amounted
to 9,343,147 pounds, with sales of 9,281,673 pounds, valued at
$4,045,799. The average value of 44 cents per pound is an increase
over 1923, when the average price was 41 cents. Production in 1923
was 13,079,115 pounds, with sales of 12,627,359 pounds, valued at
$5,124,732.
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS
Because of their strong reducing properties, coal-tar chemicals of
this class are used for developing photographic films, plates, and
prints. They are popularly known as ''developers," and are sold
under various trade names.
The total output of photographic chemicals in 1924 was 316,183
pounds, a decrease of 343,289 pounds from 1923. Sales in 1924 were
321,865 pounds, valued at $461,379, the average value per pound
being $1.43.
The developer produced in largest quantity in 1924 was hydro-
quinol, the production of which was 203,464 pounds, as compared
with 230,079 pounds in 1923. Metol (methyl p-aminophenol sul-
fate) also showed an increase over the 1923 production.
MEDICINALS
Description. — -Coal-tar products of this group include many com-
pounds of the utmost importance from the standpoint of national
welfare. The development in recent years of the manufacture of
many of the coal-tar medicinals is a notable feature of the history
of our coal-tar chemical industry. The coal-tar medicinals are
47285— 2.5t 6
()2 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
essential to the treatment of many grave types of disease and a short-
age in the United States at a time when imports from other countries
might be shut off woukl cause a serious situation.
Production. — The total production of medicinals in 1924 was
2,967,944 pounds; sales were 2,688,329 pounds, valued at S5, 178,099,
an average price of $1,93 per pound. Production in 1923 was 3,273,-
085 pounds, with sales of 2,995,448 pounds, valued at $4,720,253.
Arsphenamine, known also as salvarsan and as ''606," the hydro-
chloride of 3-diamino-4-dihydroxy-l-arsenobenzene, used for com-
bating syphilis and other protozoan infections, is one of the most
important of this group. Its production by 7 manufacturers in 1924
was 555 pounds; sales were 387 pounds, valued at $109,154, or
$282.05 per pound, as compared with 576 pounds, valued at $173,-
381— $301.01 per pound— in 1923.
Neoarsphenamine (3-diamino-4-dihydroxy-l-arsenobenzene me-
thanol sulphoxjdate) was reported by 6 manufacturers whose total
production was 3,220 pounds. Sales were 2,981 pounds, valued at
$959,473, an average price of $321.86 per pound.
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) led all coal-tar medicinals in 1924 in
quantity produced, the output by 4 firms being 1,366,530 pounds,
as compared with 1,525,795 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 were
1,264,254 pounds, valued at $934,780, a decrease in the price per
pound from 81 cents to 74 cents.
Acetanilide, of which 425,950 pounds were produced by 3 firms,
ranked second in quantity manufactured; total sales were 330,988
pounds, valued at $99,449, or 30 cents per pound. This is a large
decrease from the 1923 production of 564,498 pounds.
Sodium salicjdate, of which 412,707 pounds were produced, ranked
third, with sales of 375,825 pounds, valued at $143,196. Phenol
sulphonates (calcium, sodium, zinc, etc.), with a production of
197,644 pounds, ranked fifth. Other medicinals showing a relatively
large production were phenolphthalein, salol, acetphenetidin, chlor-
amine T, and cinchophen.
Among medicinals reported in 1924 but not in 1923 are: Luminal
and luminal sodium which are useful hypnotics in nervous insomnia
and important in the treatment of epilepsy. Two coal-tar dyes
reported as medicinals for the first time in 1924 are methylene blue,
said to be of value as an antiseptic, and methyl violet.
FLAVORS AND PERFUME MATERIALS
Bescriftion.—Th.eTQ, is no sharp line of demarcation between these
two classes of coal-tar chemicals, many of them being used both as
flavors and perfumes; a separate classification is, therefore, in cer-
tain cases arbitrary. They serve as perfume materials for soaps and
other toilet articles and as flavors for food products.
Production of flavors. — The total production of flavors in 1924 was
1,750,555 pounds; sales amounted to 1,691,863 pounds, valued at
$1,471,089. The 1923 production was 1,458,024 pounds.
Methyl salicylate, a flavor used largely as an artificial wintergreen,
showed a substantial increase in 1924, production amounting to
1,282,505 pounds as compared with 967,505 pounds in 1923. The
1924 sales of this product amounted to 1,260,765 pounds, valued at
$531,324.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
63
Coumarin is another flavor for which an increased output was re-
ported. Production in 1924 amounted to 129,111 pounds as com-
pared with 114,682 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 were 109,378
pounds, valued at $362,340, or S3. 32 per pound.
Production of perfumes. — The output of perfume materials in 1924
was 1,895,267 pounds, this being a large increase over 1923 when
1,365,449 pounds were produced. Sales in 1924 totaled 1,945,488
pounds, valued at $945,773.
Diethylphthalate ranked first in quantity of production and in
value of sales. Production in 1924 was 1,676,911 pounds, with sales
of 1,750,510 pounds, valued at $673,517. Production in 1923 was
1,250,280 pounds. Diethylphthalate is used under a special formula
as an ethyl alcohol denaturant.
Table 23. — Imports of synthetic aromatic chemicals of coal-tar origin, 1924 ^
Name
Acetophenone
Acetyl toluene
Amyl phenyl acetate
Ainyl salicylate . . .
Anisic aldehyde
Benzaldehyde
Benzoic acid natural
Benzoph'^none
Benzylint-ne acetone
Benzyl acetate
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl benzoate..
Benzyl butyrate.
Benzyl cinnamate
Benzyl formate
Benzyl propionate
Benzyl valerianate
Benzyl phenyl acetate..
Bromstyrol
Buty phenyl acetate
Butyl salicylate
Cetone D
Cinnamie acid
CinnanMC aldehyde
Coumarin
Craetaegon
Cyclohexanol
Cyclohexanol acetate...
Curnaric aldehyde
Diethyl phthalate ..
Dimethyl hydroouinol.
Dimethyl acetophenone
Diphenyl oxide.
Ethyl anthranilate
Ethyl cinnamate
Ethyl pbenvl acetate...
Ethyl salicylate.
Gardenal...
HeliotroDine
Hvacinth absolute
Hyacinth compound...
Indol
Isobutvl phenvl acetate
Isobut yl salicylate
Jacinth
Jacinth absolute
Pounds
757
16
2
1,192
552
992
100
257
34
11,427
3,642
4,053
37
3
1
5fi
1
1
246
2
26
66
12
l,3f2
313
200
444
22
1
5,900
137
10
103
3
105
7
1
419
3,180
495
370
18
3
1
91
411
Name
Pounds
Linalvl benzoate
Melilot.
Methyl acetophenone
Methyl anthranilate
Methyl methyl anthranilate
Methyl benzoate
Methyl benzyl acetate
Methyl cinnamate
Methyl coumarin
Methyl nonyl acetaldehyde
Methyl para tolyl ketone
Methyl para cresol
Methyl phenyl acetate,...
Methyl phenyl glycidic ethyl ester.
Musk ambrctte
Musk ambreine pure
Musk ketone
Musk xvlol
Musk P. C
Musk residue
Musk ambrette residue
Musk xylol residue
Napthyl methyl ketone
Neroline
Ocre rose.
Oleo musk
Paracresol methyl ester..
Paracresol phenyl acetate
Paramethyl quinoline
Phenylacetic acid
Phenyl acetic aldehyde
Phenyl ethyl ac-etp.le
Phenyl ethyl alcohol
Phenyl ethyl benzoate
Phenvl ethyl cinnamate...
Phenyl ethyl butyrate
Phenyl ethyl phenyl acetate
Phenyl ethyl propionate
Phenyl propyl alcohol.
Phenyl propyl aldehyde.
Phthalic ether.
SkatoL
Toncarine.
Vanillin.
Vertena D.
Yara yara.
1
14
333
2,689
38
76
1
113
2
3
1
14
144
1
8.722
50
3,973
S,948
3,402
736
2,362
268
44
875
33
160
10
7
1
443
1,645
86
5,584
1
1
5
1
75
16
64
325
5
42
187
5
640
> Compiled from monthly import list of products within 'paragraphs 27 and 28 of the Act of 1922, a Jomt
publication of the respective chemical divisions of the Department of Commerce and the United States
Tariff Commission.
Diphenyl oxide also showed a large increase over 1923, production
in 1924 being 95,080 pounds. Sales in 1924 were 83,040 pounds,
valued at $55,853. Other perfumes produced in larger quantities in
1924 than in 1923 are phenyl ethyl alcohol and method anthranilate.
64 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Some of the products showing a decrease in production in 1924 from
1923 are amyl salicylate, benzylidene acetone, phenyl propyl alcohol,
and phenyl acetic aldehyde.
The imported phenyl acetic aldehyde supplies a large part of our
domestic consumption. Domestic production of the artificial musks
has not yet been reported.
Products reported in 1924 but not in 1923 include dibutyl phthalate,
diamyl phthalate, ethyl benzoate and methyl acetophenone.
SYNTHETIC PHENOLIC RESINS
The manufacture of synthetic resins is disitnctly an American
development and has resulted only from the most careful research
and engineering skill. These were first made by the condensation of
phenol witii formaldehyde and ammonia and later with hexamethyl-
ene-tetramine, but in recent years paracumarone, as well as cresol,
has been used as a base. Synthetic resins are used in large quantities
by practically all American automobile manufacturers in the construc-
tion of many different parts of the automobile. The increase in the
demand for radio equipment in the United States during the past few
years has led to a large increase in the use of the synthetic resins for
constructing panels and other parts of receiving sets. Synthetic
resins are also used as a substitutes for amber in the manufacture of
pipe stems, cigarette holders, jewelry, and similar articles. There
is a large consumption for electric insulating materials and for var-
nishes and lacquers. Production in 1924 shows an increase over 1923,
but figures can not be published without disclosing the operations of
individual concerns.
SYNTHETIC TANNING MATERIALS
The synthetic tanning materials known as "syntans" are of very
recent development, having come into commercial use in German}^
and England since 1912. They give considerable promise for use in
the tanning of leather in conjunction with natm'al tanning extracts.
Synthetic tans are made by the condensation of certain coal-tar
derivatives, such as the sulfonated phenols, cresols, and naphthols,
with formaldehyde in the presence of an acid. They are commonly
used in conjunction' with the natural tanning extracts. Their use is
reported to result in (1) an economy of the time required for tanning,
(2) a satisfactory leather of light color, and (3) a reduction in the
amount of natural extract required.
Production figures for synthetic tanning materials can not be pub-
lished without disclosing the operations of individual concerns. The
combined production of synthetic phenolic resins and synthetic
tanning materials in 1924 was 12,778,115 pounds, with sales of
12,745,458 pounds, valued at $8,818,041.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
65
STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION
Table 24. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1924
[The number in the first column idenf ifies the dyes according to the 1914 edition of the Schultz tables."*' The
second column gives the common uame of the product. The numbers in the third column refer to the
numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on page 211. An X signifies that a manufacturer
did not consent to the publication of his identification number in connection therewith. A blank in
the fourth and fifth colunms indicates that the sales figures can not be published without revealing in-
formation in regard to the output of individual firms. A blank in the seventh column indicates that the
production of the corresponding dye in the United States can not be published without revealing infor-
mation in regard to the output of individual firms. The figures thus concealed are, however, included
in the total]
Schultz
No.
Common name
Total finished
coal-tar products.
NITEOSO DYES
Naphthol green
NITRO DYES
Naphthol yellow S
Pigment chlorine
STILEENE DYES
Direct yellow R.
Stilbene yellow
Chloramine orange G
PYRAZOLONE DYES
Fast light yellow
Xylene yellow
Tartrazine
Eriochrome red B..
Azo Dyes
MONOAZO DYES
32 Butter yellow..
33 Chrysoidine Y.
Chrysoidine R.
Sudan G
Sudan I
Croceine orange
Orange O
Chromotrope 2R
Fast acid fuchsine B
Amido naphthol red G.
Brilliant lake red R
Alizarin yellow G
Chromotrope 2B..
Alizarin yellow R .
Victoria violet
Azo acid blue
Lanafuchsine
Azo coralline
Amido naphthol red 6B.
Chromotrope 6B
Spirit yellow R..
Pigment orange R
Sudan II
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
(according to list
on p. 211)
8,61.
34, 84, 170.
176
Sales
Quantity [ Value
Pounds
93,636,109 $55,932,580
Average
price per
pound
$0.60
8, 34, 39, 67, 75, 124, I 440, 160
129, 136. I
60,67,75,1.38 I
8,67,124,129,136 i 122,895
9,60,124,126,141
39,141....
29,81,124,141,169
60,126
8,511
545, 446
9,34,44,84, 129, X....
8, 9, 29, 34, 60, 61, 81,
84, 124.
8, 9, 34, 44, 60, 61, 81,
84, 124.
34,44
25, 049
562, 594
147, 536
34,44,84, 124, 129, X..
9 124 157
29, 34^ 60, 94," 124,157"
44,124,129
9,34,45,124,129
8, 9, 34, 39, 44, 60, 75,
81, 124, 136, X.
113
8, 9, 29, 39, 44, 45, 51,
60, 81, 124, 126, X,
X.
129
8,467
128,246
7,352
19, 076
202, 183
289, 422
131, 384
233, 645
416, 648
20, 034
276, 724
73, 516
30, 469
70, 107
8,627
10, 858
114,428
176, 979
86, 967
8, 9, 29, 39, 44, 45, 60, i 109, 468 '• 59, 061
81, 126, 129, 157, X, I
X. I I
8, 39, 124, 129, 136 38, 378 | 32, 410
45...- -.
126,129,157...
75,81
8, 34, 39, 44, 60, 75,
81, 124, 129, 136.
44,124,129
34,44, 124, X
176.
104,233
72, 915
Xyli dine orange 2R .
34, 44, 60, 84, 124,
X.
46, 921
42, 715
39, 377
40, 437
,66
1.07
Production
Pounds
97,730,211
.76
.80
.49
.50
.79
.49
.70
.91
"i."63'
453, 421
138, 234
85, 306
551, 235
563, 858
181, 167
46, 752
I 10,979
.55 i 92,549
1.17
.57
.57
218, 173
135, 934
103, 347
112, 334
48,066
'64,'426
66
CEXSUS OF DYES AXD OTHEE 5YXTHETIC CHEMICALS
Tabli; 24. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1924-
Continued
Sehnltt
Xo.
89
91
93
94
102
103
105
106
107
109
112
114
117
119
121
134
137
141
143
144
145
147
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
161
162
163
166
167
16S
169
173
177
178
179
USO
181
182
183
184
18«
188
189
193
194
195
197
198
200
202
Common Tia.mp
Azo Dyes — Continaed
MOSOAZO DTES — COn.
82 Ponceau 2R.
Add anthracene brown
R.
Metachrome brown B..
Anthracyl chrome green
D.
Sudan R
Azo eosine C
Diamond flaviae G
Mordant yellow GRO-.
Sudan brown
Autol red ELP
Sulfanine brown A
Palatine red A
Bordeaux B
Chromotrope lOB
Eriea2GX
Diamine rose
Erica B
Metanil yeUow
Acid yellow G
Azo yellow
Tropaeoline.
Orange I
Orange 11...
AtofuchsiQe eB
Orange R
Permanent red 4B
Lake red C
Palatine chrome brown..
Acid alizarin garnet R-.
Palatine chrome violet . .
Diamond black PV
Fast red A
Brilliant fast red G.
Azo rabine
164 Fast red VR.
Fast red E
Croceine scarlet 3BX...
-Amaranth
Cochineal red
LitholredR
Mordant yellow
Crura psall yeUow
Lake Bordeaux B
Eriochrome blue black B
Salicine black U
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
(aec-ordiag to list
on p. 211) I
?ales
Quantity Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
Brilliant sulphon red
Eriochrome black T
Eriochrome black A
Lanacyl violet B... ',
Sulphon acid blue R '
Sulphon acid blue B \
Stanley red
Thiazine red R
Rosophenine SG
Thiazine red G
Mimosa C '
Lake red D ..I
Palatine chrome red B. .1
8,9,29,34,39,44,124,
129,157.
60,81
Pounds
316,166
S173, 498
[ $0.55
Pounds
322,999
8,29,60,124,X
214.409
X
129
129
81,126
81.--
i
9—
34
157
8,9.29,34,39,60,124,
129, 157.
129
88,270
34,363
.62
111, 129
129, 138
19, 67, 124, 138
67,129
9,33,60.81,84, 124..
60, 61, 124
390.294
282.872
.72
333,369
9, 34, 60, 61, 81, 124,
170.
84, 170 -
112,504
108,468
.96
123,936
34.. —
9, 29, 34, 39, 44, 60,
84, 124.
60
1,224,706
398,377
.33
1,163,021
60, 84, 124
39,60,113
60, 113, 157, 159
89.995
45,307
34.646
91.540
.39
2.02
71,868
37,692
45, 124, 126
18.805
20,867
Lll
8, 124-..
60, 81, 124, 126 .-
60,81,124 26,088
20.087
123, 749
.77
.71
29,34. 39, 60, 81, 84, 175,581
124, 129, 157, X.
44 :
233,729
8, 34, 39, 44, 60. 81, 297, 497
99, 124, 129.
8, 9, 39, 44, 124, 126, 142, 501
129, 1.36, X.
8
233,516
166,084
.79
1.17
294,254
154,024
39
34, 39, 60, 124, 129, 1 57 35, 736
29, 34, 44. 124, 157, X.-
17,570
.49
25,639
8, 30. 39, 63, 157, 159,
176, X.
8, 9, 39, 124
124
205,562
27,765
187,380
15,066
.91
.54
205,685
41,494
176
39, 124, 126
8, 9, 19, 34, 39, 44, 60,
81, 124, 126, 129,
157, X.
126
884,634
420,004
.48
765,708
34, 39, 60, 81, 126
9.39,60,81,124,126...
229,765
149, 114
.65
127,977
60 -
8, 60, 81, 124, 126
124
203,555
154,590
.76
158,069
138
67, 129
19, 138, X
13,467
21, 391
1.59
12,404
75, 138
19, 129, 138 —
176
8,9,34,39,44,60,81,
124, 126, 129, 176.
47,733
39,035
.83 i
99,509
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
67
Table 24. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1924 —
Continued
Common name
Manufacturers' iden-
tiflcation number
(according to list
on p. 211)
Azo Dyes — Continued
DISAZO DTES
Resorcin brown
Fast brown.
Agalma black lOB
Anthracene acid brown .
Brilliant croceine
Ponceau 5R
Cloth red 3G
Sudan IV
Wool red B.._
Neutral gray G
Cloth scarlet Q
Scarlet EC
Milling orange G
Sulphoncyanine G
Buffalo black lOB
Fast sulphon black F...
Sulphoncyanine black...
Naphthylamine black D
Brilliant croceine 9B
Diaminogen.
Diamond black
Diamond green
Benzo fast scarlet -.
Bismarck brown
Bismarck brown 2R
Palatine chrome black..
Fast mordant yellow
Benzo fast yellow
Benzo fast pink 2BL
Paper yellow
Chrysophenine G
Congo red
Orange TA
Congo corinth G
Congo rubine
Diamine scarlet
Trisulphon violet B
Diamine violet N
Benzo fast red
Oxamine black BHN...
Benzo cyanine R.
Benzo blue 2B
Benzo orange R
Crumpsall direct fast
red R.
Chrysamine G ,
Diamine fast red F
Diamine brown
Diamine brown B
Cresotine yellow G
Anthracene red
Oxydiamine orange
Benzopurpurine 4B
Benzopurpurine B
Trisulphon blue R
Azo mauve B
Oxamine blue 4R
Benzo blue BX
Columbia blue Q
8, 39, 44, 60, 84, 124,
136, X, X.
9, 34, 44, 81, 124, X, X
8, 9, 34, 39, 44, 45, 60,
81, 124, 129, 136,
157, X.
60
9, 34, 44, 60, 81, 124,
157.
34....
60.
9, 34, 39,44,84,124, X.
8, 39, 81, 124, 126, X.
129 .-.
61,84
61, 124, 126
19,126
60,81, 124, 126.
8,124,126
81
60, 81, 124, 126.
8,60, 129
34
8, 60, 124, 129
8,60,81
39,60, 124, 129
4, 34, 39, 60, 81, 84,
124.
8,34,39,44,60,61,81,
84, 124, X.
126.
8,81
60...
60, 124, 129
9, 60, 67, 124, 129
60, 124, 129
124
8, 9, 34, 49, 81, 124,
129.
39, X...
8,60, 124, X
39, 124, 129
9, 34, 39, 60, 99, 124,
129, 136.
60.
8, 9, 34, 39, 51, 60, 124,
129, 136.
124...
8, 9, 34, 39, 44, 45, 51,
60, 124, 129, 136, X.
9, 39, 44, 45, 60, 81,
129.
X...
39, 45, 60, 124, X
8, 9, 34, 39, 44, 60, 67,
124, 129, 136, X.
8, 9, 34, 39, 44, 60, 67,
75, 124, 129, 136, X.
X
124
129
9, 124
34, 39, 60, 99, 124, 129.
8,49..
129
124.
124..
39,124,129
60
Quantity
Pounds
166, 630
31,214
1, 178, 769
26, 036
31,719
17, 130
"266,"833'
133, 490
7,480
129, 955
13, 466
166, 431
140, 548
535, 862
61,754
446, 809
107, 410
53, 254
38, 123
42, 514
687, 773
691, 238
71, 485
11,008
81, 140
142, 741
403, 555
Value
$125, 013
33, 071
757, 920
22, 409
33, 664
21, 019
'236,212
122, 003
4,978
111,638
12, 950
318, 043
74, 137
272, 502
88, 975
375, 068
108, 622
79, 797
41,727
54,311
449, 528
257, 542
51, 770
8,923
85, 792
118, 046
295, 149
29, 689
25, 256
Average
price per
pound
$0.75
1.06
.64
1.06
"i.'23'
.91
.67
1.91
.53
1.44
.84
1.50
1.10
1.28
.65
.81
1.06
.83
.85
Production
Pounds
159, 204
36,631
1, 271, 980
37, 162
34, 056
272, 836
' 133,147
144, 572
187, 625
119,687
559, 670
50, 839
507, 720
111,862
45,709
769, 929
701, 715
65, 943
138, 737
195, 547
449, 391
68
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 24. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1924 —
Continued
Common name
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
(according to list
on p. 211)
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
391
Azo Dyes— Continued
DisAZO DYES— contd.
8,34,39,99, 124, 129.
124,129
Pounds
111,873
$56. 442
$0. 51
Pounds
131, 593.
392
Toluylene orange O
Acid anthracene red
Benzopurpurine lOB
400
X
1
405
410
9,39,60, 124,129
9, 60, 124, 129 -.-
30,351 1 43,208
1.42
32, 530
411
129
(
415
129
419
421
Chicago blue RW
9,39,60,124,129
124
77,604 92,071
1.19
94, 957
424
426
436
Chicago blue 6B - -
Benzamine pure blue
TRISAZO DYES
Columbia black
9,39,60,124,129
8, 39, 60, 124, 129, 136,
X.
8,39,45,60,124
124.129
269, 149
180, 398
163, 271
339, 196
141, 543
126, 218
1.26
.79
.77
244, 837
203, 560
185, 156
441
Diazo blue black RS
Trisulphon brown B
449
8,129
456
60,124
457
Trisulphon brown 2G...
Direct deep black EW..
Erie direct black RX....
Erie direct green ET
Chloramine black N
Chloramine green B
C'hloramine blue 3G
Oxamine green B
Oxamine green G
Benzamine brown 3G0.
8
462
463
8, 9, 34, 39, 44, 60, 124,
129, X.
8, 9, 39, 45, 60, 124, 129.
45,49,124
4, 947, 568
436, 029
53, 667
1, 877, 534
213, 530
41, 444
.38
.49
.77
5, 466, 392-
464
469
129
470
9,129
471
9,129... .-
474
475
476
477
8, 9, 39, 49, 60, 67,
124, 129, X.
8, 39, 49, 60, X
8, 9, 34, 39, 49, 67, 81,
124, 129, X.
44, 60, 81, 124, 128,
129, 138, X.
60
274, 490
60, 960
825, 640
187, 445
47, 847
400, 655
.68
.79
.49
263, 528
51, 566
816, 179
480
485
TETRAKISAZO DYES
Benzo brown G
34,44,49,60,67,129...
67,129
109, 629
79, 258
.72
126, 033
487
All other azo dyes
1, 951, 285
2, 045, 634
1.05
2, 069, 763
Total azo dyes
23, 378, 002
15. 334. 277
.66
24, 170, 181
DIPHENYLMETHANE DYES
Auramine ..
13,40,60,97,124.
60,97,124,190
97,190 ... .
493
398, 729
162, 134
604, 513
274, 931
1.52
1.70
390, 192^
495
TRIPHENYLMETHANE
DYES
Malachite green
183, 536
499
502
37,39,60,124.
54, 666
87, 983
1.61
38, 389
503
Bralliai it milling green B.
124
505
60
506
124
512
513
Magenta (or Fuchsine)..
39, 52, 84, 89, 124, 147,
157, X.
124
87, 032
149, 843
1.72
71, 199
515
Methyl violet .
34, 52, CO, 84, 94, 95,
124, X.
60
538, 533
607, 391
1.13
543, 031
516
517
Methyl violet 5B
124
521
84,89 ..^..
528
Fast acid violet lOB
Acid violet
37 60
530
37,39,60,75,124,136..
124 . ..
109,291
188, 230
1.72
113, 792
531
536
Alkali blue
39, 52, 84, 89, 94, 124,
147, 157.
89
127, 258
325, 486
2.56
115, 164
538
Methyl blue for cotton..
Soluble blue...
539
39,52,84,89,124
37,124
61, 688
157, 883
2.56
38, 433.
543
Patent blue V
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
69
Table 24. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products, 1924-
Continued
Common name
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
(according to list
on p. 211)
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
545
Azo Dyes— Continued
TRIPHT'-NYLMETHANE
DYES— continued
Patent blue A
37,124
Pounds
Pounds
548
Acid violet 6 BN..-
Aurine -- -
60
555
60
558
Victoria blue R
60.
Total triphenyl-
methane dyes.
diphenyl-naphthyl-
methjVne dyes
Victoria blue B . .
1,419,973
$2,372,150
$1.67
1,358,547
559
60
562
Fast acid blue
60
j
564
Naphthalene green V
Wool green S
124
1
566
60,81, 124, 136.
53, 60 . .
162, 357
121, 644
.75
170, 537
XANTHONE DYES
Rhodamine B ..
573
582
Fast acid violet A2R
Uranine
60-. . .
585
9, 84...
587
Eosine.- .
9, 53, 84, 94
152, 615
282,404
1.85
131, 634
592
Erythrosine B
53,60,84
596
Phloxine.--
53,60,84
3,426
12,881
3.76
4,021
597
60, 84....
599
194.
":::;::::::::::::::
600
Coerulein
194
Total xanthone
dyes.
ACRIDINE DYES
Phosphine
271, 120
504,671
1.86
240, 647
60,84, 124, 141
28, 124, 170
606
74, 862
36, 612
139, 102
62, 133
1.86
1.70
100, 753
613
fcUINOUNE DYES
Quinoline yeUow
TmOBENZENYL DYES
ThioflavineS
61, 151
615
138.
616
Primuline
19, 67, 75, 124, 129,
138
19, 67, 75, 124, 129,
138.
129
189,576
197,098
150,431
214, 239
.79
1.09
178,071
617
618
Columbia yellow
Thioflavine T
210, 531
622
OXAZINE AND TmAZINE
DYES
Delphine blue B
Gallocyanine..
45, 124
626
9, 29, 45, 124, 194
9, 124
63,928
118, 598
1.86
53, 085
631
Chromocyanine V
636
g
649
Cotton blue or Mel-
dola's blue.
Methylene blue .
9,45, 99, 124
37,834
359,483
68,360
451,355
1.81
1.26
33,973
659
29, 124, 190
413,075
660
Methylene green
Brilliant alizarin blue...
AZINE DYES
Azo carmine
Safranine
New fast gray
Safranine MN
Rosolane 0
Induline (spirit-soluble).
124
667
75, 81
:::::::::
672
60
679
60 124 145
121,092
175,847
1.45
681
29 129
683
124
687
60
697
19, 34' 39V8i,"84,"l24"
37, 308
28,967
.78
32,833
70
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 24. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar ■products, 1924 —
Contiuued
Common name
Manufacturers' iden-
tiflcation number
(according to list
on p. 211)
Sales
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
698
699
700
720
Azo Dyes— Continued
AZiNE DYE-s— continued
Nigrosine (spirit-solu-
ble).
Induline (water-solu-
ble).
Nigrosine (water-solu-
ble).
SULPHUR DYES
Sulphur black
19, 29, 34, 81, 84, 124.
19, 39, 81, 84, 124
19, 29, 81, 84, 124, 126.
4,60,81,99, 124
18, 39, 45, 60, 99, 124,
129, X.
4, 18, 39, 44, 45, 46,
53, 60, 81, 99, 124,
162, 173, X.
8, 45, 60, 99, 124. 129.
8, 9, 45, 60, 61,99, X..
Pounds
411,326
89, 935
1, 232, 658
11,190,445
390,833
1,408,892
.$197, 237
66, 121
588,802
2,131,299
214, 020
541, 320
$0.48
.74
.48
.19
.55
.38
Pounds
360, 166
74, 439
1,241,330
11,728,790
515, 666
1 401 334
Sulphur blue
Sulphur brown
Sulphur green
Sulphur maroon
Sulphur olive
19, 45, 46, 60, 81, 129,
162, 173.
4, 39, 45, 162
166, 321
62, 722
.38
168, 485
Sulphur orange
Sulphur purple
45, X
Sulphur tan
4, 8, 39, 45, 46, 81,
173 X
4, 39,' 45^ 60, 80, 81,
124, 129, 162, X.
142, 382
423, 256
52, 995
224, 558
.37
.53
156, 925
329,866
Sulphur yellow. ..
Total sulphur dyes.
14, 000, 372
3, 438, 920
.25
14,561 257
CARBAZOLE DYES
Hydron blue
60,99
748
760
ANTHRAQUINONE DYES
Indanthrene golden
orange O.
Indanthrene golden
orange R.
Indanthrene dark blue
BO.
Indanthrene green B
and black.
Indanthrene violet R
Indanthrene violet RR..
Indanthrene violet B
Alizarin
129
761
60
763
60, 114, 129
14, 432
33, 800
32, 161
48, 440
2.23
1.43
21,883
765
00, 114, 129
72,523
766
129
767
60
768
60....
778
18, 124
779
Alizarin orange
18, 124
780
Alizarin red S
18
782
Alizarin brown
45, 60, 62, 124, 176,
194, X.
124_
41, 759
86, 634
2.08
37, 350
784
Alizarin SX
785
Alizarin GI
18, 129
789
Anthracene blue WR...
Indanthrene red BN
Indanthrene blue RS
Indanthrene blue 3Q
Indanthrene blue QCD.
Indanthrene blue GC...
Indanthrene yellow
Alizarin saphirol B
Cyananthrol R
62, 92, 124
56, 487
831
]29
838
60, 129
840
60....
842
60, 129
843
129
849
60, 129
858
81,92, 124, 129
129
250, 473
826, 119
3.30
859
862
Alizarin blue black
Alizarin cyanine green...
Indanthrene brown B...
Total anthraqui-
none dyes.
37, 176
865
37, 176
867
129
1, 685, 439
3, 053, 899
2.04
1, 970, 769
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
71
Table 24. — Production and sales of dyes and other finished coal-tar products,
1934— Continued
Common name
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
(according to list
on p. 211)
Sales
,
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Production
874
Azo Dyes— Continued
INDIGO AND ITS DERIVA-
TIVES
Indigo, 20 per cent paste.
Indigo, white ..
59, 60, 124
Pounds
17,977, 120
$3,916,569
$0.22
Pounds
19, 996, 703
876
45
877
Indigo extract
9, 60, 103, 124, X
59
84, 667
47, 697
.56
75, 211
881
Ciba blue 2B, 2BD
Indigo 6B
883
59
923
ANILINE DLACK GROUP
Ursol
77, 109, 157, X
X
9,186
31,549
3.43
10, 087
FOOD DYES
Naphthol yellow S
Tartrazine
7
23
9, 29, 124, 184, X
124, X
60, 256
196,837
3.27
66, 650
83
Ponceau 3R
144
Orange I
9, 124, 184, X
168
Amaranth
9, 99, 124, 184, X
124, 184
97, 033
269,200
2.77
104, 790
602
Guinea green B
505
Light green SF (yellow-
ish).
Methyl violet ..
124, 184
515
124...
692
Erythrosino
66, 124, X
877
Indigo disulfonic acid...
Yellow AB
124, X
9, 84, 124, 164
9,84, 124, 164
6,981
8,450
9,788
16,382
1.40
1.94
12, 106
Yellow OB
7,824
Total food dyes..
246, 125
855, 920
3.48
264, 178
PHOTOCHEMICAL DYES
Orthochrome T
66
Pinacyanole
66
All other dves.
60 . . .
Bacteriological stains
and indicators.
Research chemicals
Total dyes
41,66,84,90,102,124,
144, 161, 167.
66, 82
64, 961, 433
35, 012, 400
.54
68. 679, 000
72
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
DYES NOT CLASSIFIED BY SCHULTZ NUMBER
Manufacturers were requested to report separately, in terms of
their familiar pre-war designations, the production of dyes not
classified by Schultz. The following table is a list of such dyes,
together with certain new dyes of American development for which
there are no foreign equivalents :
Name of dye
Acid anthracene brown B -.
Acid anthracene yellow GR -
Acid black BA,.
Acid blue QG, R
Acid naphthol blue black
Acid red OTH - -.-.
Acid yellow HM, PHW
Alizarin black --
Alizarin blue IS
Alizarin brown 5R -
Alizarin emeraldole G,-
Alizarin rubinol R, GW
Alizarin serge blue GS --
Alizarol black 3G -.
Alizarol brown B
Alizarol gray DG
Alizarol yellow 3G. - -.
Amacid red 3B -
Amanil black FIG
Amanil fast black L
Amanil fast orange PRZ
Amanil sky blue
Anthracene chrome black DNW
Anthranol chrome brown EB.
Anthranol chrome violet ECB
Anthranol chrome yellow DF ex, HSW.
Anthrene jade green -
Artificial silk black G
Azanol brown N, RY.
Azanol dark brown RR
Azanol red brown R
Azo acid violet
Azo dark green
Azo eosine 2B
Azo fast blue B high cone
Azo fast blue G high cone
Azo fast blue 2R high cone
Azo fast violet 2R
Azo violet 2B, BS
Benzo chrome brown G..
Benzo fast black L '
Benzo fast black LM
Benzo fast orange S
Benzo fast pink 2BLU
Benzo fast scarlet 4BA
Benzo rhoduline red B..
Hi'nzol brown R
Brilliant croceine FL
Brilliant wool blue N
Brorao fluorescein
Buffalo black AR. RB, 8B, 3G
Buffalo chrome black NS
Chloramine fast orange GG, G30, OR..
Chlorantine violet
Chromate brilliant brown R
Chromate brown ,
Chromate brown EBN ■
Chromaven brown orange 2R
Chrome black
Chrome blue ATX...
Chrome green
Chrome green B
Chrome green CB _..
Manufac-
turers'
identifi-
cation
number
(accord-
ing to list
on p. 211)
81
75
8
129
39
129
84
194
194
194
81
81
62
,124
124
124
124
9
9
37
126
126
126
129
60
X
X
X
61
129
129
124
124
124
124
8
9
8,60.81,
124, 129
75
60
75
60
60
44
60
124
53
124
124
75
124
37
8
61
9
29,45
60
8
39
124
Chrome green SW.
Chrome orange RB.
Chrome red SW
Chrome wool blue G
Chrome yellow
Chrome yellow CLU
Chrome yellow 5G..
Chrome yellow DS
Chrome yellow SS.
Cindiazo blue B
Cloth red, R2R
Cotton brown R
Developed black 2B...
Diamine bordeaux B..
Diamine catechine
Diamine catechine B, 3G
Diamond green WLU
Dianol dark blue B.
Diazine beta black N
Diazine black DM...
Diazine black V extra
Diazine black VN extra
Diazine black VZ
Diazo Bordeaux 7B
Diazo fast red 5BL, 7BL
Diazo indigo blue M
Diazo seal brown
Direct black EV
Direct black GX, GXR...
Direct blue 3RX, 4R
Direct brown G2R, G3R
Direct dark green
Direct fast black B..
Direct fast blue B, R
Direct fast blue 2B..
Direct fast gray BL
Direct fast light blue FF
Direct fast orange R, 2R, RCL
Direct violet R cone
Erie brown GB
Erie fast gray, M, R
Eriochrome brown R..
Fast acid violet ERR ex
Fast brown R
Fast chrome brown R
Fast crimson R
Fast green 6B :
Fast mordant blue B
Fast wool violet B
Furamine B
Furol DB
Gloss flux basic blue V
Gloss flux basic orange...
Gloss flux basic yellow..
Gloss flux Persian rose
Gloss flux red O
Guinea fast red BL
Ilelio bordeaux BL
Hydron pink FF
Indanthrene blue BCS
Indanthrene blue BSP, GFC, GX.
Indomine navy blue 2BM
Jet black APX
Lake scarlet O
' Sales of Benzo fast black L were 107,964 pounds, valued at $178,569, with a production of 134,730 pounds.
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
73
Name of dye
Leather yellow
Litjiol fast orange
Midland vat blue MB
Midland vat cadet blue
Naphthol green black B .1
Navy blue T i
Nerol 2B
Niagara blue NR I
Niagara fast blue RL ..j
Nigrosine base B, N, NB, R, 2R
Oil brown
Oil brown IT, I..
Oil brown M |
Oil maroon O i
Oil orange 3 O ...|
Oil orange RR
Oil orange cone j
Oil orange Y 293 ..I
Oil red I
Oil red C |
Oil red PN cone |
Oil red O..
Oil scarlet j
Oil soluble yellow !
Oil yellow AB, OB.... ..i
Oil yellow F, 2625 •
Oxamino copper blue RRX I
Oxydiaminogen OB... i
Palachrome maroon I
Palaside blue R I
Palaside brown B cone... .i
Palaside green... '
Paranol direct brown B ..;
Paranol direct orange GL j
Manufac-
turers'
identifi-
cation
number
(accord-
ing to list
on p. 211)
124
113
59
69
39
29
39, 129
124
124
124
X
84
124
124
X
44
9
84
19, X
189
44
124
189
189
84
124
GO
124
X
X
X
X
126
126
Name of dye
Paranol direct violet R
Permanent red R
Pluto black
Pontachrome brown R, SW.
Pontaehrome yellow SW
Pontamine blue GH cone...
Pontamine diazo black H
Radiant violet ink toner
Red for lake P
Rosantlirene A, R
Rosanthreue orange
Safranine 8B
Serichrome black WSE
Serichrome green B
Silk black 4BF
Solamine blue FF
Solantine red 8BLN..
Sudan AT, AX, T
Sulfanthrene orange R paste
Sulfanthrene scarlet 2B
Toluidine red
Trisulphon brown R...
Victoria fast violet 2RL ex..
Violet 4B..
Violet 100
Violine
Wool black B, 2B..
Wool blue BM, CB, CG....
Wool fast violet 2R
Wool green B
Wool navy B..
Zambezi black BG, D, PC.
Zambezi black D
Zambezi black V '..
Manufac-
turers'
identifi-
cation
number
(accord-
ing to list
on p. 211)
126
176
8
60
60
60
60
147
X
60
60
124
124
124
39
, 60, 129
124
34
60
60
X
8
81
138
37
37
129
124
75
124
124
39
124
, 60, 124
» Sales of Zambezi black V were 223,823 pounds, valued at $249,682, with a production of 180,317 pounds.
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products, 1924
Manufacturers' iden-
tification numljer ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Common name
.1
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Production
COtOa LAKES
45, X
Pounds
Pounds
Blue lakes
Brown lakes ..
12, 24, 30, 38, 45, 56, 60,
64, 69, 83, 86, 91, 94,
100,110,119,153,158,
159, 165, 174, 175, 176,
X, X, X, X, X, X,
X X
30, 38, 45, 69, 100, 158,
159, 174, X
12, 24, 30, 38, 56, 04, 69,
83,86,91,94,100,110,
153, 157, 158, 159, 165,
174, 175, 176, X, X,
X, X, X, X, X, X,
X, X.
12, 24, 30, 38, 60, 64, 69,
79, 83, 86, 91, 94, 100,
110, 153, 158, 159, 165,
X, X, X, X, X, X,
XXX
12, 24, 30, 60, 63, 69, 83,
86.91,94,96,100,110,
153, 157, 158, 159, 165,
174, 176, 189, X, X,
X, X, X, X.
510, 899
67, 591
625, 459
366, 801
699, 017
$258, 077
5,499
417, 550
142, 596
395, 774
$0.51
.08
.67
.39
.66
535, 817
69, 921
Kosine lakes ...
648, 077
Green lakes
384, 434
Uthol red lakes .. ..
637, 961
74 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products, 19^4 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Common name
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Production
COLOR LAKES— continued
Maroon lakes -.-
5, 12, 24, 30, 38, 56, (iO,
64,83,86,91,96, 100,
106,110,115,157,158,
l,'-)9, 165, 174, 176, 189,
X, X, X, X, X, X, X.
12, 24, 30, 38, 64, 69, 83,
86, 91, 94, 100, 110,
153, 157, 158, 159, 165,
174, 175, 176, X, X,
X, X, X, X, X.
5, 12, 24, 30, 45, 48, 56,
60, 64, 86, 91, 94, 96,
100,106,110,157,159,
165, 174, 175, 189, X,
X, X, X. X, X, X, X.
12, 24, 30, 38, 45, 48, 56,
60, 64, 69, 83, 86, 91,
94, 96, 100, 106, 110,
115, 153, 157, 158, 159,
174, 176, 189, X, X,
X, X, X, X, X, X,
X X
5, 12, 24, 30, 38, 56, 64,
69,83,86,91,96, 100,
106, 110, 115, 153, 157,
158,159,165,174,176,
X, X, X, X, X, X,
X, X, X, X, X.
12, 24, 30, 38, 45, 64, 69,
83,84,86,91,94, 100,
110, 153, 158, 159, 165,
174, 176, 189, X, X,
X, X, X, X, X, X, X.
12, 30, 45, 60, 69, 83, 86,
91, 94, 100, 110, 158,
159, 165, 176, 189, X,
X, X, X, X, X, X, X.
X -
Pounds
1, 022, 504
486. 190
2, 673, 993
981, 903
824, 760
440, 156
356, 232
$298, 998
132, 321
952, 427
604, 427
255, 038
329, 335
164, 634
$0.29
.27
.36
.62
.31
. 75
.46
Pounds
1, 013, 466
Orange lakes ..
497, 306
Para red lakes
2, 619, 770
Red lakes
1,000,902
Scarlet lakes . .
774, 721
Violet lakes
463,772
Yellow lakes
370, 485
All other color lakes
Total color lakes
9, 281, 673
4, 045, 799
.44
9, 343, 147
188
PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICALS
Diaminophenol hydrochloride ..-
•
p-IIy droxy phenylglycine
Hydroquinol
66
116, 194, X
206,387
230, 374
1.12
203,464
Methyl p-aminophenol sulfate
66, 194, X
(metol).
1
Total photographic chem-
321,865
461, 379
1.43
316, 183
icals.
MEDICINALS
Acetanilido
Acetphenetidin
114, 116, 128
330, 988
99, 449
.30
425,950
X
Acriflavine and neutral acrifla-
1, 124 .-
vine (3;6-diamiuo-10-met,hyl
acrid ne chloride) .
Aminopv-rine .
118 . .
87
Anesthesia. {See Benzocaine.)
Apothesine (hydrochloride ofdi-
X
ethylaminopropyl-ginnamate) .
Arsphenamiue
1, 57, 108, 112, 118, 143,
163.
17, 59, 116, X
387
1, 264, 254
2,234
109, 154
934, 780
282.05
.74
655
Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)
1, 366, 530
Atophan. (See Cinchophen.)
Benzocaine (ethyl p-amino beu-
1, 118, X
32, 335 14. 47
2,080
zoate or anesthesine) .
156, 164
156 -
B isniuth betanaphthol
116, 128, 143
1,020
3, 226 3. 16 1
70, 116, 128
Butyn (p-amino benzoyl gamma
1
di normal butyl amino|propanol
sulfate) .
DYES AND OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS 75
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Common name
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Production
MEDiciNALs— continued
Calcium-cresol sulfonate
17.
Pounds
Pounds
Chloramino T (sodium p-tolueue
X
sulfocliloramide) .
Cinchophen (atophan) (phenyl
1, 7; 29, 105, X
50, 324
$398, 167
$7.91
56, 003
ciuclioniuic acid).
Creosote benzoate
156
Creosote carbonate
132
Dichloramine T (p-toluene sul-
X
fone dicliloramide).
Formidine (methylene disali-
X
cyclic acid derivative).
Guaiacol benzoate
156.
Guaiacol crystals
129
Lithium benzoate. . _
114, 156.
Luminal (phenylethyl barbituric
17
acid).
Luminal sodium (phenylethyl
17
barbituric sodium salt).
Magnesium sahcylate
87 ...
Meth yl salicylate. (See Flavors.)
Methylene blue ..
X
Methyl violet. . .
124
Methvlhydroxymethyl ester of
17
salicylic acid.
Methylene citryl salicylate . . .
17..
143
Monoglycol ester of salicylic acid.
b-Naphthol benzoate
17
70
Neoarsphenamine .-.
1,57,108,118,143,163..
7...
2,981
959, 473
321. 86
3,220
Neocinchophen. (See Tolysin.)
amidopyrene).
Phenacaine (ethenyl-p-diethoxy-
diphenylamidine hydrochlo-
ride).
Phenol phthalein
118
140, X . ....
Phenolsulphonates (calcium, so-
1, 108, 116, 143
188, 743 64. 398
3.41
31.37
197, 644
dium, zinc, etc.).
Procaine (p-amino benzoyl die-
thyl aminoethanol).
Proflavine (3:6-diamino acridine
sulfate).
Proposote (creosote derivative) . .
1, 118, X
4,147
130, 082
3,790
1, 124.
X
66
29
87, 116.
Salophen (acetylparaminophenyl
salicylate).
17
124
118
Sodium salicylate . . . .
59, 87, 116, 155, X
87
375, 825
143, 196
.38
412, 707
Sulfoarsphenamine ..
1, 112, 118, 143, 163- —
1, 29
577
290, 918
504. 19
743
Tolysin (p-methylphenyl cin-
choninic ethyl ester) (neocin-
chophen).
Total medicinals
2, 688, 329
5, 178, 099
1.93
2, 967, 944
FLAVORS
Coumarin
26, 59, 70, X, X
43, 70, 73, 74, 131, 166,
180, X.
26, 70, 74, 166, 180
109, 378
362, 340
3.32
129, 111
70, 74, 166, 180, X, X
26, 70, 74, 166, X 1 1,333
59, 74, 87, 116, 155, 166, | 1, 260, 765
X, X. ;
X, X
6,324
531, 324
4.74
.42
Methyl salicylate
1, 282, 505
Total flavors
1, 691, 863
1, 471, 089
.87
1, 750, 555
76 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number ac-
cording to Ust on
p. 2U
Sales
Common name
Quantity
Value
Unit
value
Production
PERFUME MATERIALS
Acetophenone
Amyl benzoate..
Amyl cinnamate.-
Amyl salicylate
Anisole (methylphenyl ether)
Aubepine (anisic aldehyde) (see
Part IV).
Benzophenone
Benzyl acetate...
Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl benzoate.
Benzyl butyrate
Benzyl cinnamate
Benzyl formate...
Benzyl isoeugenol
Benzylphenyl acetate
Benzyl propionate
Benzylidinc acetone
Bromstyrol
70, 74, 93, 166, 178
Pounds
Pounds
74
74
70, 73, 74, 87, 93, 166,
178. X.
74
9,141
$12, 363
$1.35
8,692
70, 73, 166
70, 74
26, 70, 74, 93, 114, 166,
178, X.
26, 70, 93, 114, 166, 178,
X.
70, 74, 93, 116, 166, 178,
X.
74
28,674
14, 865
25, 318
37, 327
20, 504
34, 985
1.30
1.38
1.38
28,390
14, 773
70,74,93, 166, 178
74, 166
133
631
4.74
126
166
166
74, 166
114, 166, X.
74, 166, 178
74
Butyl salicylate
Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic alcohol..
Cinnamic aldehyde
74
70, 73, 74, 178
1,212
4,160
3.43
1,625
166
26, 70, 73, 166.
7,739
24,727
3.20
9,284
70, 74, X
p-Cresylphenyl acetate
Diamyl phthalate
Dibenzyl ketone
70, 74
74
70
98
Diethyl phthalate
Dimethylbenzyl carbinol
Dimethyl hydroquinone
Dimethyl resorcinol
Diphenylmethane
Diphenyl oxide...
Ethyl benzoate
Ethyl fumarate
Ethylphenyl acetate
Ethyl salicylate
Guaiacol phenyl acetate
Hydratropic aldehyde
Indol
Isobutyl benzoate
22,26,70,74,93,98,114,
137, 166, 177, 178, 180,
192, X, X.
70
1, 750, 510
673, 517
.38
1, 676, 911
70
166
74, 166, 178
26, 59, 166, 178
83, 040
55, 853
.67
95,080
177
177
166, 180
177
70
166
70
74
166
70..
70
70,74
74, 166...
166..
Methyl anthranilate
22 59 70 93 166 178
70i 74^ 166, X
70
p-Methyl benzyl aathranilate
Methyl-p-cresol (p-cresyl methyl
ether) .
70
74,166
166
166
2-Methyl-5-isopropyl acetophe-
none.
Meth\l methyl anthranilate
Methylphenyl acetate
74
70 74 166
70,74, 166, 178, X, X..
70 -.
805
4,606
5.72
724
70
70
b-Naph Ihyl anthranilate. -
b-Naphthyl isobutyl ether
Nerolin (b-naphthol ethyl ether).
Nonyl anthranilate
Phenetole (ethylphenyl ether)...
Phenyl acetate
70
74
74 166
70
74
59," 70
EMPLOYEES AND RATES OF PAY 77
Production and sales of dyes and other coal-tar products, 1924 — Continued
Common name
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number ac-
cording to list on
p. 211
Sales
Unit
value
Production
Quantity
Value
Phenylacetlc acid
74
Pounds
Pounds
Phenylacetic aldehyde
93, 166, 178.. i...
Phenvlacetic ketone
70 i
Phenyleth vl acetate
70, 93, 166, 178
33
$389
$11.79
28
Phenyleth vl alcohol
26, 59, 70, 93, 166, 178..
Phenylethvl benzoate -
166
]
Phenvlethvl formate .
166
Phenvl propyl alcohol
180
Phenvlvinylethylenemethyl ke-
166
tone.
Phenvlethvl phenyl acetate
166
Phenvlglvcol acetate
70
Santalylphenvl acetate
70
Skatol (methyl indol)
70
1
Tetrahydroparamethyl quino-
70
line.
Vara yara (b-naphthol methyl
74, 166
ether).
Total perfume materials...
1, 945, 488
}l2,745,458
945, 773
8,818,041
.49
.69
1, 895, 267
Synthetic tanning materials
99, 193, X
Synthetic piienolic resins
15, 16 -
Table 25. — Production of dyes, by groups, according to unit value
Group
0-25 cents..
26-50 cents H
51-75 cents.
$0.76-$l
$1.01-$1.50..
$1.51-$2
$2.01-$3
Over $3
Total.
1924
Pounds
31, 725, 493
13, 853, 508
9, 105, 018
4, 259, 988
6, 283, 687
1, 774, 660
1,118,953
557, 693
68, 679, 000
Per
cent of
total
46. 194
20. 172
13. 257
6.203
9.149
2.584
1.629
.812
100
1923
1922
Pounds
44,651,483
15,205,298
12,717,546
8, 604, 351
8, 207, 420
2, 318, 343
1, 244, 493
718, 590
Per I
cent of I
total
47. 670
16. 234
13. 577
9.186
8.762
2.475
1. 329
.767
Pounds
28, 728, 401
10, 237, 825
8,418,271
6, 992, 018
6, 833, 577
2,010,413
838, 849
572, 833
Per
i cent of
total
93, 667, 624
100 64, 632, 187
44. 449
15. 840
13. 025
10. 818
10. 573
3. Ill
1. 298
100
1921
Pounds
7, 832,
7,941,
6, 843,
4, 762,
6, 329,
3, 321,
1, 220,
756,
39, 008, 690
Per
cent of
total
20. 079
20. 300
17. 542
12. 209
16. 226
8.515
3. 130
1.939
100
Employees axd Rates of Pay
The number of employees receiving specified rates of pay on De-
cember IS, 1924, or on the nearest representative date for which this
information could be obtained, as reported by 158 of the 193 firms
manufacturing coal-tar products in 1924, is contained in Table 26.
The 35 firms not reporting either conducted a business in which coal-
tar products were not the primary articles of manufacture or they
did not have separately organized departments dealing therewith.
According to the Bureau of the Census, the number of firms en-
gaged in the manufacture of coal-tar colors and other products in
1914 was 7, with 528 employees, distributed as follows: Salaried em-
ployees, 130; wage earners (average number), 398. In 1924 there
were 158 firms reporting 12,569 employees engaged in manufacturing
operations. This represents a decrease of 2,272 employees from 1923,
which in turn showed a decrease of 1,418 from 1922.
78
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Chemists and teclmically trained men in 1924 constituted 13.4
per cent of all employees as compared with 12.7 per cent in 1923
and 10.8 per cent in 1922. Of the 1,684 men of this group in 1924,
30.82 per cent received between S50 and $75 per week, 24.23 per
cent $75 and over, 9.32 per cent -"between $45 and $50, and 9.62
per cent between $40 and $45. For men without technical training
the scale of compensation was as follows: 26.56 per cent received
between $25 and $30 per week. 22.52 per cent between $30 and $35,
19.93 per cent between $20 and $25. In general, chemists and tech-
nically trained men received higher rates of pay in 1924 than in
1923, while men without technical training received lower rates.
Table 26 compares specified rates of pay of teclmically trained men
with those of men not having such training. Among the technically
trained men the increase in terms of percentages in the pay of each
group was as follows: 5.35 per cent in the group receiving between
$40 and $45 and 3.46 per cent in the group receiving between $50
and $75. Of men without technical training there was an average
decrease of about 9 per cent distributed between the two groups
receiving, respectively, $30 but under $35, and $35 but under $40
per week. These two groups in 1923 showed about a 25 per cent
increase in weekly wages over 1922.
As stated in previous reports, the dye and coal-tar chemical in-
dustry has probably a larger proportion of technically trained men
than any other manufacturing industry in the United States.
Table 26. — Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry, 1924
Wages per week
Number of employees at each
specified wage engaged in
manufacturing operations
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men
Men
without
technical
training
All em-
ployees
Percentage receiv-
ing each specified
wage
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men
Men
without
technical
training
Percentage receiv-
ing each specified
wage or more
I
Chemists
and tech-
nically
trained
men
Men
without
technical
training
Under $10
$10 but under $15.
$15 but under $20.
$20 but under $25.
$25 but under $30.
$30 but under $35.
$35 but under $40.
$40 but under $45.
$45 but under $50.
$50 but under $75.
$75 and over.
Total.
23
55
94
130
130
162
157
519
408
42
227
641
2,170
2,891
2,452
1,433
554
336
215
24
42
233
564
2,225
2. 985
2, 582
1,563
716
493
734
432
1, 684 10, 885 12, 569
0.35
1.37
3.27
5.58
7.72
7.72
9.62
9.32
30.82
24.23
0.39
2.09
4.97
19.93
26.56
22. 52
13.17
5.09
3.09
1.97
.22
100
100
100.00
99.64
98.28
95. 02
89.44
81.72
74.00
64.38
55.05
24.23
100. 00
99.62
97.52
92.55
72.62
46.06
23.53
10.37
5.28
2.20
.22
RESEAKCn WORK
79
Table 26. — Employees and rates of pay, dye and coal-tar chemical industry, 1924-
Continued
Percentage receiving each specified wage
Wages per week
Chemists and technically
trained men
Men without technical training
1924
1923
Increase
1924
1923
Increase
Under $10
100.00
99.89
100. 00
99.62
97.52
92.55
72.62
46.06
23.53
10.37
5.28
2.20
.22
100. 00
99.43
96.74
90.78
75.20
55.23
33.24
16.85
8.30
3.34
.15
$10 but under $15
100.00
0.11
0.19
$15ii)Ut under $20
99.64 1 99.04 1 .60
98.28 97.07 1 1.21
95. 02 93. 14 1 1. 88
89. 44 87. 30 ! 2. 14
81.72 ! 78.11 i 3.61
74. 00 ! 68. 65 i 5. 35
64. 38 i 61. 42 2. 96
.78
$20 but under $25
1.77
$25 but under $30..
»2.58
$30 but under $35 -
19.17
$35 but under $40
19.71
$40 but under $45
16.48
$45 but under $50 -
■3.02
$50 but under $75 -.-
55.05 1 51.59
24.23 23.32
3.46
.91
» 1.14
$75 and over .
.07
' Decrease.
Research Work
Of the 193 firms engaged in the manufacture of dyes and other
coal-tar chemicals in 1924, 54 had separately organized research
laboratories for the solution of technical problems and for the devel-
opment or discovery of new products. The total cost of the research
work carried on in these laboratories, together wdth that done in
laboratories not separately organized for research, was $2,148,924.
This figure is about the same as the amount ($2,085,901), expended
in 1923. The Tariff Commission's census includes in 1924, as in 1923,
not only the total cost of the research work carried on by the com-
panies reporting, but the net cost of such work chargeable to coal-tar
products alone. The $2,006,628 reported as the net cost in 1924 is
doubtless an understatement of the real cost of experimental work,
since the figures do not include, in all cases, the cost of research
forming a part of manufacturing operations but not charged against
research on the books of the companies.
PART III
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE
UNITED STATES, 1924
81
I
Part III
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED
STATES, 1924
Introduction
Since 1919 the United States Tariff Commission has compiled a
detailed census of dye imports similar to that published by the
Department of Commerce under the title "Artificial Dyestuffs Used
in the United States (fiscal year 1913-14)," commonly known as the
"Norton Import Census."
The commission first compiled such statistics for use in the admin-
istration of section 501, title 5, of the tariff act of September 8, 1916,
which made the continuance of specific duties on coal,tar products,
after September 8, 1921, dependent upon the production in the
United States of as much as 60 per cent in value of the consumption
of* these products. As the information was found to be of direct
value to manufacturers, consumers, and importers, as well as to the
commission itself, in considering the tariff aspects of the coal-tar
chemical industry, the annual census of imports has been continued.
Imports for consumption, including warehouse withdrawals for
dyes and other products within paragraphs 27 and 28 for the 3^ear
1924, have been compiled and published each month under a cooper-
ative arrangement between the respective Chemical Divisions of the
Department of Commerce and the Tariff Commission. The dye
import figures obtained and published under this arrangement were
rechecked and verified before they were tabulated in final figures for
the year 1924, and for this reason do not agree in certain cases with
the preliminary figures as published in the monthly reports.
In tabulating the dye statistics the commission has followed in the
main "Schultz Farbstoff Tabellen" and the "Colour Index," issued
by the British Society of Dyers and Colourists, as well as the Norton
census and other sources of information in the files of the Tariff
Commission.
Dyes identified by Norton as "a," "b," and "c," classes under a
given Schultz number are listed under that number (without sub-
division) except in a few instances where they had been incorrectly
designated. Dyes included under these "a," "b," and "c" classes
are not always chemically identical with the original Schultz types.
Such dyes as could not be identified by Schultz numbers are classified
by the ordinary method of application, as follows: Acid, basic, direct,
lake and spirit-soluble, mordant and chrome, sulphur, and vat. In
many cases the classification of a dye by its method of application
is arbitrary, as certain colors may be applied by either of two methods.
The rate of exchange used in converting foreign invoice values to
United States currency was either the rate given on the invoice, or,
in comparatively few cases, the exchange value published by the
Treasury Department for the month in which consular certification
occurred.
83
84
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
SUMMARY OF IMPORTS OF DYES IX 1924
The total imports of coal-tar dyes in 1924 was 3,022,539 pounds'
with an invoice value of $2,908 ,"778, as compared with 3,098,193
pounds in 1923, with an invoice value of $3,151,363. (For compari-
son of imports with domestic production and effe(;t of change in duty
on imports, see pp. 41-43.)
The following table shows the country of shipment of coal-tar
dyes imported for consumption in recent years.
Table 27.
-Imports of dyes into the United States, by country of shipment,
19W-1924
Country of shipment
Germany
Switzerland
Italy
England
Canada
France. -
Belgium.
Holland..
All other countries.
Percentage of total quantity
1924
1923
1921
(■)
(')
1 Included in "all other countries."
IMPORT STATISTICS
Table 30, page 88, shows the quantity and the value (when publish-
able) of individual dyes imported in 1924. Table 28 is a summary
of dyes imported from 1921 to 1924, inclusive, classified according to
method of application. Table 29 compares the volume of the 1924
imports of the leading dyes in each class by application with cor-
responding imports in the period 1921 to 1923 and in the fiscal year
1914.
Table 28. — Dyes imported into the United States, classified by method of applica-
tion, 1921-1924
1924
1923
Class
Pounds
Per
cent of
total
Pounds
Per
cent of
total.
Acid
324, 538
5,471
1, 493, 851
10.74
.18
49.43
544, 048
17.56
Vat:
(6) Vat f other than indigo) -
1, 207, 554
38.08
Total
1, 499, 322
49.61
1, 207, 554
38.98
Mordant and chrome:
42, 695
371, 207
27, 716
425, 699
.89
13.74
Total
413, 902
13.69
453, 415
14.63
Direct.
421, 538
87, 764
249, 068
17, 334
9,073
13.95
2.90
8.24
.57
.30
527, 014
114,023
210, 896
23,213
18, 030
17.01
Sulphur ...
3.68
Basic . - -
6.81
.75
.58
Total
3, 022, 539
100. 00
3,098,193
100.00
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
85
Table 28. — Dyes imported into the United States, classified by method of applica-
tion, 1921 to 1924 — Continued
1922
1921
Class
Pounds
Per
cent of
total
Pounds
Per
cent of
total
601, 395
505
1,548,519
15.10
.01
38.89
1,455,823
70,975
1, 045, 370
34.24
Vat:
1.66
24.59
Total -
1, 549, 024
38.90
1, 116, 345
26.25
Mordant and chrome:
27, 086
689, 704
.68
17.32
136, 283
559, 678
3.58
12.78
Total
716, 790
18.00
695, 961
16.36
Direct - -
671, 621
194, 883
155, 084
76, 853
16, 981
16.86
4.89
3.89
1.93
.43
537, 664
220, 938
163, 527
43, 553
19, 100
12.64
Sulphur -
5.20
Basic -
3.84
1.02
.45
Total
3, 982, 631
100. 00
4,252,911
100. 00
Table 29. — Dyes of each class, according to method of application, imported
in largest quantity in the calendar year 1924, compared with corresponding
■imports in 1923, 1922, 1921, and in the fiscal year 1914
Schultz
No.
523
506
543
22
220
182
545
19
265
860
531
613
672
761
901
760
869
842
831
907
913
759
844
832
833
918
919
838
Class and name of dye
Fast green
Erioglaucine
Patent blue
Xylene light yellow
Palatine black
Alizarin rubinol
Brilliant sulphon red
Patent blue A
Fast light yellow. __
Sulphon cyanine black..
Cyananthrol O
Polar red
Eriocyanine
Quinoline yellow
Brilliant milling blue B.
Azo carmine
1924
Pounds
30, 721
28, 655
23, 606
23, 247
12, 050
11,514
11,373
10, 715
9, 625
9,484
7,817
7,756
7,716
6,063
6,200
6,200
VAT DYES 2
Indanthrene golden orange R | 112,339
Ciba violet B.
Indanthrene golden orange G.
Algol brown B
Indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene red BN.
Hydron pink FF
Hydron brown
Ciba scarlet
Indanthrene yellow
Indanthrene blue BCS
Indanthrene pink B
Helindone orange R
Anthraflavone G.
82, 598
76. 046
71,313
68, 450
58, 520
50, 460
42, 681
40, 200
39, 771
39, 350
39, 131
37, 077
35 936
Algol blue 3G i 32^396
Indanthrene violet RN.
.\lgol olive R
Helindone red 3B
Ciba bordeaux B
Indanthrene blue RS.
31, 925
30, 665
29, 038
29, 000
28, 814
1923
Pounds
17, 190
38, 254
66, 279
46, 886
33, 500
48, 826
7,414
11,872
6,211
15,543
4,618
15, 031
19, 202
7,168
8, .540
7,218
79, 717
64,517
67, 265
55, 081
70, 546
16, 825
3 55, 428
4,065
37, 524
87, 946
12, 240
13, 348
22, 571
27, 721
5,516
20, 436
1,050
21,916
35,714
38, 235
Pounds
52, 498
25, 852
49, 136
12, 937
11,436
26, 457
9,557
3,436
25, 555
14, 858
20, 648
14, 926
14, 808
6,955
872
9,327
78, 145
131,661
73, 305
16, 778
16, 802
27,383
a 20, 250
754
33, 246
15, 507
239, 085
18, 680
9,240
20, 594
5, 315
1,000
1,464
32, 819
33, 621
39, 999
Pounds
22, 619
16, 004
42, 708
60, 422
14,850
(')
7,235
16, 170
23, 315
615
12, 713
2,579
16, 808
23,000
2,175
8,684
56, 390
21, 987
33, 423
6,640
201, 835
21,331
1914
10, 695
49, 609
919
10, 594
4,623
1,680
337
17, 566
4,625
28, 908
1 Included in Schultz No. 856.
' Single strength.
> Includes Hydron pink FB.
« Included in Schultz No. 873.
Pounds
14, 347
66, 526
196, 228
23, 074
299, 274
10, 91V
4,871
63, 744
38, 908
69, 590
2,821
25,091
15, 354
9,966
17,500
50, 496
20, 836
20, 092
1,596
478, 980
6,056
1,600
22, 265
12, 683
602
14, 511
7,143
9,191
11,667
13, 334
27, 874
899
187, 379
47285— 25t-
86
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 29. — Dyes of each class, according to method of application, imported
in largest quantity in the calendar year 1924, compared with corresponding
imports in 1923, 1922, 1921, and in the fiscal year 1914 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Class and name of dye
1924
1923
1922
862
778
858
855
850
779
551
782
784
785
804
864
622
449
273
392
457
274
207
358
339
348
681
573
571
606
705
618
609
559
608
516
603
709
746
MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Alizarine blue black
Alizarin (synthetic)
Alizarin sapliirol B
Alizarin pure blue B
Alizarin astrol
Alizarin orange
Eriochrome azurol BC
A lizarin brown
Alizarin SX, GD_
Metachrome blue black
Alizarin EG, GI
Alizarin blue S
Omega chrome brown
Alizarin direct green G
Anthracene chromate brown EB.
Eriochrome flavine A
Alizarin viridine DG, FF
Delphine blue B.
DIRECT DYES
Chlorantine fast brown
Trisulphon brown B
Diaminogene blue
Chlorantine fast blue
Toluylene orange
Trisulphon brown GG
Diaminogene B .._
Diphenyl fast brown GNC_
Diamine fast orange
Diphenyl red
Brilliant orange
Diphenyl brown BN
Beuzo fast black L
Diazo indigo blue 4GL
Chlorantine fast yellow
Direct gray R
Diazophenyl black
Diamine catechine
Diamine brilliant scarlet S.
BASIC DYES
Rhodamine B (single strength)..
Rhodamine 6G (single strength).
Phosphine
Indaroine 6R
Thiollavine T
Homophosphine
Victoria blue B
Euchrysine
Crystal violet
Acridine orange
SULFHUR DYES
Cross dye green
Thionol brown
Thional brilliant blue.
Pyrogene green 2G
Katigene green..
Pounds
78, 195
42, 695
40, 600
20, 729
16,117
15, 202
12, 664
10, 996
11,773
9,500
9,385
8,152
8,003
7,636
6,669
6,614
5,778
5,597
30, 202
24, 020
23, 970
17, 268
16,818
14, 754
13, 951
13, 781
11,763
11,608
11,300
10, 471
7,848
7,758
7,602
6,801
6,614
6,282
6,000
97, 254
57, 375
24, 300
7,900
6,842
4,860
4,533
4,525
4,239
4,031
35, 246
16, 060
6,001
4,630
4,409
Poimds
70,917
27,716
26, 615
9,132
11, 224
8,444
14,531
8,206
7,000
12, 528
7,948
11,511
16, 241
8,420
10, 713
17, 217
2,001
13, 558
26, 980
88, 778
" 14,182'
16, 150
32, 903
10, 126
17, 793
21, 160
3,821
17, 534
4,539
2,482
2,205
2,172
5,407
6,643
2,508
29, 083
31, 242
42, 176
3,500
20, 283
2,520
1,722
9,483
3,738
9,349
26, 242
28, 802
Pounds
22, 277
27, 086
46, 596
14, 993
8,155
15,523
43, 191
4,596
7,795
3,251
6,500
32,916
8,570
11,669
12, 326
12, 293
25, 910
19, 323
7,715
45, 697
22, 420
12, 898
36, 920
37, 648
8,527
9,797
8,719
33, 945
4,283
2,598
2,989
841
9,808
12, 608
6,172
9,418
4,152
5,077
13, 545
51,711
2,800
6,765
955
3,442
3,476
4,331
711
27, 834
48, 750
3,757
6,503
11,397
Pounds
43, 277
« 136, 283
28, 606
12, 796
24, 657
5,854
19, 344
20, 700
12, 205
725
18, 266
21,521
5,486
36, 534
12, 694
110
9,499
13, 842
4,589
38, 558
19, 182
5,070
523
22, 872
7,864
969
6,261
4,036
160
277
3,637
11, 155
1,415
441
7,545
66, 876
972
5,409
10, 890
59, 354
10,069
37, 515
21, 325
168, 225
9,946
66, 170
7,297
35, 224
918
78, 127
12, 342
127, 709
872
15, 403
1,450
51,872
1,613
2,330
51, 074
100
20, 632
1,884
1,947
298
6,543
63,929
' Figures from the Department of Commerce.
The following table gives the stocks of coal-tar dyes and intermedi-
ates remaining in bonded warehouse for each month since August 31,
1924, as published in the Monthly Summary of Foreign Commerce
by the Department of Commerce.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 87
Dyes remaining in bonded customs warehouse, August 31, 1924-March 31, 1926
Aug. 31, 1924.
Sept. 30, 1924.
Oct. 31, 1924..
Nov. 30, 1924.
Dec. 31, 1924.
Jan. 31, 1925..
Feb. 28, 1925.
Mar. 31, 1925.
Date
Coal-tar
dyes and
colors
Pounds
507, 338
559, 661
552, 556
553, 760
575, 051
571,371
566, 038
653. 020
Coal-tar
interme-
diates
Pounds
1,081,287
1,111,656
1, 050, 037
1,031,460
1,086,108
952, 202
961, 406
1, 050, 539
Key to Abbreviations Used in Table 30
1. the six leading german companies
A Actien-Gesellschaft fiir Anilin-Fabrikation, Berlin. Founded 1873.
B Badische Anilin-und-Soda-Fabrik, Ludwigshafen- on -the -Rhine.
Founded 1865.
By Farbenfabrilven, vormals Fricdr. Bayer & Co., Leverkusen-on-the-
Rhine. Founded 1862.
C Leopold Cassella & Co., Frankfort-on-the-Main. Founded 1870.
K Kalle & Co., A. G., Biebrich on the Rhine. Founded 1870.
M Farbwerke, vormals Meister Lucius & Briining, H6chst-on-the~Main,
Founded 1862.
2. THE SMALLER GERMAN COMPANIES
BK Leipziger Anilinfabrik Bever & Kegel, Fiirstenberg, near Leipzig.
Founded 1882.
CG Chemikalienwerk Griesheim G. m. b. H., Griesheim-on-the-Main
Founded 1881.
CJ Carl Jager G. m. b. H.. Anilinfarbenfabrik, Diisseldorf. Founded
1823.
GrE Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Electron, Offenbach-on-the-Main,
Founded 1842.
L Farbwerk Mlihlheim, vormals A. Leonhardt & Co., Miihlheim-on-the-
Main. Founded 1879.
tM Chemische Fabriken, formals Weiler ter Meer, Uerdingen-on-the-
Rhine. Founded 1877.
WD Wiilfing, Dahl & Co., A. G., Barmen. Founded 1842.
A-S Co Arzberger & Schopflf & Co., Eisenach.
3. DUTCH, BELGIAN, AND FRENCH COMPANIES
CN Compagnie Nationale de Matieres Colorantes et Produits Chimiques-
Founded 1917.
FA Farbwerk Ammersfoort, Ammersfoort, Netherlands. Founded 1888.
NF Niederlandische Farben-und-Chemikalienfabrik Delft, Delft, Nether-
lands. Founded 1897.
LG Lazard Godchaux, of Brussels. (These products are probably com-
pounded largely from the dyes made by A. Wiescher & Co., of
Haeren, Belgium.)
P Societe Anonyme des Matieres colorantes et produits chimiques
St. Denis (formerlv A. Poirrier), St. Denis, near Paris, France.
Founded 1830.
4. SWISS COMPANIES, ALL AT BASEL
DH Farbwerke vormals L. Durand, Huguenin & Co. Founded 1871.
G Anilinfarben-und-Extract-Fabriken, vormals Joh. Rud. Geigy.
Founded 1764.
I Gesellschaft fiir chemische Industrie. Founded 1885.
S Chemische Fabrik, vormals Sandoz & Co. Founded 1887.
88
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
5. ENGLISH COMPANIES
Bro Brotherton and Co. (Ltd.), City Chambers, Leeds.
B. A. C--- British Alizarine Co. (Ltd.), Manchester.
B. C British Celanese (Ltd.), London.
B. D British Dyestuffs Corporation (Ltd.), London.
CL Co The Clayton Aniline Co. (Ltd.), Clayton, Manchester.
C V - The Colne Vale Dye and Chemical Co. (Ltd.), Milnsbridge, Hudders-
field.
Hoi L. B. Holliday and Co. (Ltd.), Huddersfield.
Scot Scottish Dyes (Ltd.), Grangemouth.
Q Importations of unknown source, through dealers in colors.
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Schultz
No.
Quantity
Invoice
value
Total -
Pounds
3, 022, 539
$2, 908, 778
6
100
M artius yellow crystals (water soluble)
A
10
325
A
Stilbene yellow 3GX
B
19
9,625
9,429
Fast light yellow 2G - . .
By
Fast light yellow 3G
By
Kiton fast yellow 3G
I...
22
23,247
21,160
S
S
By
26
100
GrE
38
By
110
500
48
M
52
11
P
68
1,500
Ultra orange R ...
S
61
4
Q..
63
500
Azo acid blue B cone . . - -
S.
64
Sorbin red _ .
500
B
66
24
Amidonaphthol red N2B . ....
ON
73
Helio fast red . .
20
Stone fast scarlet RN pdr
B
74
130
Tannin orange R . _. ..-..---
0
81
132
K
C
82
Ponceau 2R ....... .
800
Scarlet 2R ...
S
88
2,827
Acid anthracene brown PG . .
Bv
Acid anthracene brown WSQ . . . .
By
94
2,500
Guinea fast red 2R
A.
118
1,018
By
Gcranine G
By.. ..
120
Salmon red .
A
10
1,180
121
Erica B .
1,778
Cotton pink BN
B
S
A..
122
Erica G
100
Cotton pink GN . ......
B
124
Diazine green S
50
1 Janus green B..
M
125
1 Diazine black . ..
200
1 Diazine black Q
K
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 89
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — -Continued
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
126
Indoine blue R
Pounds
330
Indoine A extra..
G
139
Orange IV
10
New vellow extra cone.
By
140
Cureumeine
5,395
$5,968
Chromocitronine R
DH ..
Chromocitronine V
DH
Jasmine, high cone
G
141
Azo yellow
200
Indian yellow FF
C
143
Tropaeoline
11
Mandarin yellow
Q
158
Chrome brown RR_
2,204
Chrome brown RVV
G.
160
Fast brown N
22
Reddish brown castor
Q
166
Naphthol red GR
B
10
1,100
175
Acid ponceau
Acid ponceau E
G
177
Mordant vellow
2,903
2,322
Mordant yellow G
B
Milling yellow 0
C
Milling yellow 0.
M
Milling yellow 03G....
A
Milling vellow GA
A
180
Eriochrome blue black B
1,663
Eriochrome blue black BC
G
Eriochrome blue black G
G
182
Brilliant sulphon red
11,373
11, 253
Brilliant sulphon red B
s
Brilliant sulphon red lOB
s
Fast sulphon violet 5BS
s
183
Eriochrome black T
G
200
2,305
194
Thiazine red R
Chicago red III
G
Trident red RXX
B.
205
Diphenyl chrysoine RR
498
Diphenvl chrvsoine RRC
G
206
Diphenyl catechine
4,250
Diphenvl catechine G supra
G
207
Diphenvlfast brown G ... .. .. . .
13, 781
Diphenvl fast brown GF ...
G
Diphenvl fast brown GNC
G
211
Resorcin brown . .
335
K
217
Agalma black lOB
92
Agalma black lOBX
B
Fancv black ... . .
Q
220
12,050
6,341
Pilatus black SF
B
Wool black GRF
Wool black 6B
A
A
221
C
10
400
222
Janus vellow G
Yellow JG
M
224
Cloth red G ..
By
50
225
227
Brilliant croceine 3BX extra
Sudan IV "II'^^I"^II'""I"I^^I''I""".M]^""
K
B
232
100
Biebrich scarlet R medicinal
Scarlet
K
247
20
Imperial scarlet 3B.
Sulphoncyanine G
Fast sulphon black F
Sulphoncvanine black
By
257
By
s
100
25
9,484
264
265
Acid milling black B
Sulphoninc black B
G
S__ _ _
266
50
Naphthylamine black D
Brilliant black ....
c
272
25
Naphthol black BGN cone
Diaminogene blue
c...
273
23,970
18,645
Blue NA
Developing blue 2R..
Diaminogene blue N.\
Diazanil blue BB, RR
Diazo blue 2R
c...
A
c
M
L
90 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
274
Diaminogene . . . .
Pounds'
13, 951
$11,146
Black extra
C.
Black BR
By
Developing black B ... -
C
C _.
Diazo fast black MG
By. [
Diazo indigo blue 2RL, 3RL
By
279
Benzo fast scarlet . ..
3,923
2,447
Benzo fast scarlet 4BS, 5BS..- . . ..-
Bv
Benzo fast scarlet OS . . -
Bv
Direct fast scarlet SE
I
283
Bismark brown . . .
25
Leather brown A - - -.
C
284
Bismark brown 2R ..
53
, Vesuvine BL .
B
Vesuvine BLX .. -
B... ..
293
Milling red .. .
1,543
Acid milling red Q cone . .
G
296
Cotton vpllow _ ..
5,875
Benzo fast yellow RL. -.-
By
Fast cotton yellow RL
Chrvsophenine G ....--..-
A.
304
1,794
Q
Pyramine yellow GX -.-
B
308
350
Developing black OB . .
C
Developing black OT
C
313
Congo rubine ...
302
Congo rubine
By .
Congo rubine B ..
K
315
Congo orange. . ....
50
Congo orange G
A
319
Diamine scai'let
3,550
3,472
Benzo scarlet BC .
By
c: - - - -
Diamine scarlet 3B
C
Universal Bordeaux C
C
320
Bordeaux . . .. ...
50
New Bordeaux RX
B.
325
Columbia blue R ,
A
25
502
326
Oxydiamine violet
Benzo violet O . . .... .. .
By
Oxydiamine violet BF
C
327
Diamine violet N ...-
40
Universal violet C .... .
C
330
Zambesi brown ..... .
70
Zambesi brown 2G
A
Zambesi brown 4R . ._ .
A
332
1,600
Benzo fast red 8BL
By
Fast cotton red 8BL . .
A
339
Brilliant orange G . ..,. .. .
11, 300
C
343
Diamine fast red
916
Diainine fast red 8BL . ... .
C
344
Diamine brown..
630
's"".:::?:
Universal dark brown C . ...
C
348
Diphenvl brown BN
10, 471
Diphenvl brown BBNC
G
G
349
Diamine brown B
40
Universal olive brown C . .... . .
C
358
Diphenvl red . .....
11,608
9,359
.\.cetopurpurine 8B
A
Chloramine red 8BS .... .
By
Gr-E .
362
Toluylene orange R cone . . .
S
50
1,460
363
Cotton red 4BX
B.
Universal scarlet C .. . .
G
364
Diazo brilliant black
331
Diazo brilliant black B pdr -. ... .
By
866
1,322
Deltapurpurine 5B
By
368
200
Brilliant purpurine lOB
A
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION"
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year i 9^4— Continued
91
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
A..
By.
C.
B.
I...
S...
By.
By.
G.-
G-.
C-.
Brilliant Congo R
Brilliant Congo R
Brilliant Congo R
Congo orange R
Congo orange R
Congo orange R...
Diamine orange F
Oxamine blue
Minaxo blue 4RX
Columbia blue
Columbia blue Q
Toluylene orange
Direct fast orange K.
Pyrazol orange G cone
Toluylene fast orange GL
Acid anthracene red
Acid anthracene red 3B
Acid anthracene red 5BL
Acid milling red R cone
Brilliant milling red R
Dianil blue Q
Universal light blue C
Diamine brilliant blue G
Chicago blue B..
Universal steel blue C
Chicago blue fiB
Diamine sky blue FF
Dianil pure blue PH
Minaxo pure blue 6B high cone
Janus brown
Janus brown B
Diamine bronze G
Trisulphon brown
Trisulphon brown B cone
Benzo fast blue..
Benzo fast blue 4GL
Benzo light blue 4GL
Trisulphon brown GG
Trisulphon brown GG cone...
Benzo black blue G
Universal dark blue C.
Direct deep black EW
Cotton black RW extra
Union black S
Cotton black E extra
Chloramine blue 3G
Polyphenyl blue GC
Oxamine green B
Minaxo green BX
Universal dark green C
Benzamine brown 3G0
Benzochrome brown G. | By,
Cupranil brown G ' I...
Oxydiamine brown KRS .| C.
Congo brown G , A..
Auramirffe
Auramine N cone ..- S...
Auramine G
Auramine G i By.
I...
C.
s.
By-
By-
G.
Auramine G.
Malachite green cone
Setoglaucine
Setoglaucine 753
Setoglaucine
Turquoise blue
Turquoise blue BB
Turquoise blue G
Setocyanine ___
Setopaline cone
Brilliant glacier blue
Guinea green B
New acid green 3BX
Neptune green
Brilliant acid green 6B...
Brilliant milling green B.
Erioviridine B supra
Guinea fast green B
Poseidon green SGX
G...
BD.
By.
By.
By-
By.
C.
G..
A..
B..
Pounds
150
3,299
100
""""ioo'
"i6,"8i8
3,002
135
30
50
675
24,020
6,471
14, 754
30"
""'"325"
25
1,631
130
1,326
25
1,500
25
3,867
330
110
4,796
$2,888
16, 651
"2," 387
186
461
6,219
92 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 19^4 — Continued
Schultz
No.
505
506
507
508
509
512
515
516
518
521
523
524
526
527
528
530
531
534
537
Name of dye
543
545
Light green (yellowish)
Acid green G
Acid green GG
Acid green cone
Acid green extra cone
Erioglaucine
Erioglaucine AP
Erioglaucine EP
Xylene blue VS.- ..-
Xylene blue VS cone
Xylene blue AS
Xylene blue AS
Xylene blue AS cone
Chrome green
Chrome green BD
Chrome green GD
Magenta
Fuchsine N
Magenta AB
Magenta lA.
Magenta S
Methyl violet
Methyl violet base
Methyl violet NFB
Crystal violet
Crystal violet extra pdr..
Crystal violet P
Crystal violet
Ethyl violet
Aniline blue
O pal blue — blue shade
Fast green
Fast green extra bluish...
Acid magenta
Acid violet, red
Acid violet 4BN
Acid violet 8B extra
Fast acid violet lOB
Kiton fast violet lOB
Acid violet. ...u
Acid violet 4 BLO
Acid violet 4 BLO
Acid violet 6B
Acid violet C 10B__
Acid violet blue
Eriocyanine
Erioeyanine AC ...
Acid violet 7B cone
Methyl blue for silk
Methyl blue MBS
Methyl lyvons blue
Methyl silk blue new
Soluble blue
Cone, cotton blue Ho. 2...
Soluble blue T
Water blue, large lumps..
Brilliant dianil blue 6G
Brilliant dianil blue 6G...
Brilliant sky blue 5G
Direct brilliant blue 8B..,
Patent blue...
Brilliant acid blue V
Kiton pure blue V
Neptune blue BGX cone.
Patent blue V
Poseidon blue BOX conc.
Patcnt blue A
Brilhant acid blue A
Brilhant acid blue FF
Kiton blue A
Neptune blue BR
Patent blue A
Poseidon blue BR, BXX.
Cyanol.
Blue extra
Cyanol extra.
Cyanol FF...
Manu-
facturer
GrE.
By...
M....
C...
By.
By.
CN.
B...
C...
B...
By.
B..
B...
By..
CN.
B._.
M.
By.
B...
M...
t-M.
B...
Q--
Gr-E
G.___
G....
M..
Bv.
I...
By.
I...
B..
M..
B..
By.
By.
I...
M..
M..
B..
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
1,712
28, 655
6,005
'2,"600"
31
'355'
703
'4,"239"
2,000
50
30, 721
500
11
99
2, 2C4
"i,'93i'
7,716
25
3,970
23, 606
10, 715
3,688
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 93
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
i ehultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
548
Acid violet 6BN
Pounds
700
Acid violet GBNOO
B
549
Chrome violet
. 110
Brilliant chrome violet 4B
DH
551
Eriochrome azurol B . .
12, 664
$23, 464
Eriochrome azurol BC .
G
Eriochrome azurol BX.
G
Ohronioxaiie brilliant blue G
By
552
Chromal blue GC for printing
g:
G
G
§::;::::
I
1,985
2,204
551
1,120
220
660
4,533
553
Eriochrome cvanine RC .
554
Chromazurol S cone - -
555
Aurine .
557
Chrome violet
558
Victoria blue R - .
559
Victoria blue B
8,468
Victoria blue B base ....
B
Victoria blue B base . .
CN
Victoria blue B base
I
Victoria blue B highly cone
B
Victoria pure blue BO -
B -.
560
Night blue ...
B
640
3,141
562
Fast acid blue .-
4,009
Acid blue RBF
I
Brilliant wool blue B extra
By
Brilliant wool blue FFR extra...
By
564
Naphthalene green
4,357
5,582
Erio green B supra .
G
Naphthalene green V . .
M . ..
Xylene fast green B
S.
565
Acid blue B
1,100
1,218
Wool blue 2B
A
Wool blue 5B
A
Wool blue G extra.
A
566
Wool green S
I
Q
550
5
55
568
Pyronine G
569
Acridine red
Acridine red 3B ,.
L
570
Rhodamine S
25
Rosazeine S
M
571
Rhodamine 6G (single strength)
57, 375
35, 035
Rhodamine 6Q extra
B
I
Rhodamine 6GDN
B
Rhodamine 6GDN
By .. .
M. . ..
Rosazeine 6GD extra
M
572
Rhodamine G
25
Rosazeine O
M. . ..
573
Rhodamine B (single strength)
97, 254
34, 868
Rhodamine B extra
B
Rhodamine B extra
I
Q
B
Rosazeine B extra
M
Rosazeine B base
M
576
Rhodamine 3G .
200
Rhodamine scarlet G
By ....
579
Xylene red .
30
M
580
1,000
Fast acid violet B .....
M.
Fast acid violet R
M
581
M
5
25
582
Fast acid violet A 2R
Fast acid violet RGE.
M
587
Eosine.-
68
Eosine A..
CN
Eosine NDA
CN
592
Erythrosine bluish . .
30
Erythrosine
Erythrosine extra
Rose bengale B .
M
M
597
M
B
10
149
4,031
601
603
8,872
DH
DH
1
Rhoduline orange NO
By
1
47285— 25t 8
94 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
Schultz
No.
606
607
609
612
613
Name of dye
618
021
622
624
625
644
645
649
658
659
660
661
Manu-
facturer
By-
M.
B..
B..
O-
S...
B..
By.
By.
G-.
K..
C.
Phosphine
Acid phosphine R... BD.
Coriophosphine OX extra By.
Leather vellow A Qr-E
Patent phosphine G., GO, M, R I.
Philadelphia yellow 2G A..
Phosphine O M.
Phosphine 3R _ A.
Rheonine
Runic AL cone
Neophosphine G cone
Euchrysine —
Euchrvsine G extra
Euchrvsine GRNTN
Patent piiosphine GRNTN
Patent phosphine RRDX
Homophosphine
Corioflavine GOOO, RROOO Gr-E .
Dianiond phosphine R C.
Flavophosphine G cone... M.
Quinoline yellow (spirit soluble) By.
Quinoline yellow (water soluble)
Quinoline yellow cone
Quinoline yellow cone
Quinoline yellow KT ex. cone
Quinoline yellow N ex. cone
Columbia yellow
Chloramine yellow GG
Piphenyl chlorine yellow FF
Naphthamine yellow BNF
Universal yellow C
Thioflavine T
Basic yellow T
Basic yellow TON
Methylene yellow H
Rhoduline yellow 6G
Rhoduline yellow T
Thioflavine T
Thioflavine TON
Cresyl blue BBS
Brilliant cresvl blue
Brilliant cresyl blue BB
Delphine blue B
Brilliant delphine blue B S.
Delphine blue B I.
Modern violet N extra DH.
Chrome helicivope
Modern heliotrope DH
Anthracyanine
Anthracyanine S DH.
Chromacetine blue S DH.
Chromacetine blue S extra DH.
Modern royal blue DH.
Modern violet
Blue 1900 TCD_- I DH.
Gallo violet DF | By..
Modern violet _ DH.
Ultra cyanine R, B /.
Ultra cyanine RB
Gallazine
Gallazine #90.
Cotion blue
Cotton blue R extra cone
Meldola's blue 3R cone
Fast black
Gallophenine D
Gallophcnine P
Methvlene blue _.
Methylene blue BG
Methylene blue NB _.
Methylene blue zinc free
Methylene green _
Methylene green G extra
Thionine blue
Thionine blue G old
Thionine blue G... I I
Thionine blue GO ' M
C.
C.
M..
By.
By-
C.
C-.
DH.
DH.
By-
By.
B...
CN.
CN.
S.
M.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
24, 300
622
Invoice
valUf
$37, 363
8,510
4,860
22
6,663
10, 421
6,070
3,057
6,842
2,984
13,427
5,597
220
440
3,636
1,925
2,000
1,432
1,050
100
1,306
8,665
4,599
128
2,270
DYES IMPORTED FOll CONSUMPTION 95
rABLE 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 19^4 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
663
New methylene blue.
Pounds
3,245
$5, 947
New methylene blue N _ . .
C
New methylene blue N ..
M
New methylene blue NS cone. .. .
S ..
New methylene blue NSS
C
667
IndochroTiiine-
1,771
2,409
Brilliant alizarin blue R -.-
By
Indochromine BR cone
S
Indochromine RR cone . - ._
S
672
6,200
B .
Rosinduline GXF
K
673
Azo carmine B...
2,326
Azo carmine B extra
B..
Rosinduline 2B bluish ...
K
679
Safranine ... ...
25
Safranine B cone. pure...
New fast gray
S
681
Direct gray R paste
G
P
C.
6,801
3,524
50
1,240
Malta gray J
685
Tannin heliotrope.. ...
687
Rosolane 0, T, R
Methylene heliotrope ex. strong
M
Rosolane 0
M
690
Metaphenylene blue R .. .. '
2,500
Diphene blue R
Paraphenylene yiolet . .
A
695
1,500
Diphene blue B
A..
698
Nigrosine (spirit soluble)
9
Black blue G
Q
Nigrosine wax D..
M
699
Induline (water soluble) . .
100
Induline NN
B
700
Nigrosine (water soluble)
1,361
800
Silyer gray
Q
Silvery gray P..
A
Nigrosine T
B
705
Indamine 6R
7,900
Acid eyanine BF
A
Indocyanine B
A..
720
Sulphur black
10
Sulphur black AWL
A
724
Immedial black _
1,320
Immedial diiect blue B- .
c
725
Immedial brown _
440
Immedial brown RR
Pyrogene blue
c.
726
20
Pyrogcne direct blue
I
733
Immedial indone
2,480
Immedial indogene CCL
c.
734
Pyrogene yellow
220
Pyrogene yellow M
I
746
Katigene green
9,039
Pyrogene preen GK .
I
Pyrogene green 3G
I
...
706"
748
Hydron blue (single strength)
19
Hydron blue G paste
By
By
By
Hydron blue G pdr
Hydron blue R pdr...
754
Kryogene direct blue 3B
Kurgan violet 3RX
.\nthraflavone G (single strength).
B..
759
35, 936
38,297
Anthra yellow GO paste
Anthra i'dlow GC paste fine...
-'^nthra yellow GC pdr
Anthraflavone GC paste
B
B
B..
B
B -
Ilelindone yellow .\GC paste "...
M
Helindone yellow AG C pdr
M
Vat yellow GC paste
B
760
Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength)
76, 046
81, 731
Duranthrene golden orange Y paste
BD .
Helindone golden orange IG dbl. paste
M
Helindone golden orange IG pdr
M
Helindone golden orange DIG dbl. paste
Indanthrene golden orange G paste
M
B
Indanthrene golden orange G dbl. paste... 1
B
96 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30.— Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
760 Indanthrene golden orange G (single strength)— Continued
Vat golden orange G paste - ---
Vat golden orange G dbl. paste --
Vat golden orange G pdr...
761 Indanthrene golden orange R (single strength) — -
Helindone golden orange IRRT paste
Helindone golden orange IRRT pdr -
Indanthrene golden orange RRT paste,
Vat orange RRT paste
Vat golden orange RRT paste
Vat'golden orange RRT pdr
762 Indanthrene scarlet GS (pdr.)
Helindone orange I 4R pdr^
Indanthrene scarlet GS pdr
Vat orange 4R pdr
Vat orange IRR pdr
763 Indanthrene dark blue BO (paste)...
Helindone dark blue IBO paste..
Indanthrene dark blue BO paste
Vat dark blue BO paste fine
765 Indanthrene green B (single strength)
Helindone black IBB dbl. paste
Indanthrene black BB dbl. paste
Indanthrene black BB extra pdr
Vat black BB dbl. paste
766 Indanthrene violet R (single strength)
Vat violet R paste
Vat violet R pdr
767 Indanthrene violet RR (single strength)
Indanthrene violet RR ex. dbl. paste
Indanthrene violet RR pdr
Vat violet RR paste
Vat violet RR dbl. paste
Vat RRT pdr
768 Indanthrene violet B (single strength)
Anthra violet B paste...
Anthra violet B pdr.
Helindone violet IB paste
Vat violet B paste
774 I Alizarin black
I Alizarin black S paste...
Alizarin black WR paste
Alizarin black WR pdr
Alizarin black WX paste
778 Alizarin, synthetic
Alizarin VI extra pure paste
Alizarin red 2.\B paste
Alizarin red IB paste
Alizarin red DIB paste
779 Alizarin orange _
Alizarin orange paste
Alizarin orange AO paste...
Alizarin orange R paste..
Alizarin orange R pdr
Alizarin orange RCJ pdr..
Alizarin orange RP paste
Alizarin orange SW pdr
780 Alizarin red S
Alizarin carmine
Alizarin red S pdr
Alizarin red SW
Alizarin red W pdr
782 Alizarin brown _
Anthracene brown RD paste
Anthracene brown SW pdr. (single strength)
783 Purpurine...
784 Alizarin SX
785 Alizarin QI .^
Alizarin GI paste
.■Vlizarin GI ex. new
Alizarin red SDG paste.
Alizarin red YGA paste.
Alizarin red XQP paste
787 Alizarin Bordeaux
Alizarin Bordeaux BP paste
788 Alizarin cyanine
Alizarin cyanine NS paste
Alizarin cyanine WRB paste
M.
M.
B..
Q--
By.
M..
BAG.
BAG.
M_...
By...
Q..-
By...
B
By.
gI-
By.
B..
B....
B....
M...
BAG.
By...
By.
By.
By.
Pounds
112, 339
$146, 282
1,385
8,319
2,943
1,760
16, 739
9,968
443
19, 027
1,115
2,111
42, 695
15, 202
3,611
271
11,773
9,385
1,361
14,590
840
6,530
5,168
2,926
3,003
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 97
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Acid alizarin blue BB, GR... -
Acid alizarin blue BBN I M.
Anthracene blue SWGG pdr B.
Anthracene blue SWR pdr.. B.
Cibanone orange R (single strength) I...
Cibanone black (single strength) '
Cibanone black B paste.
Cibanone black 2B paste
Cibanone black 2G pdr..
Cibanone yellow R (single strength)
Cibanone yellow R paste
Cibanone yellow R pdr
Alizarin garnet
Alizarin claret R paste
Alizarin rcaroon paste
Anthracene blue
Anthracene blue WB paste
Anthracene blue WQ paste
Alizarin blue G, R pastes..
Alizarin blue S
Alizarin blue S pdr..
Alizarin blue S pdr
Alizarin blue SB pdr
Alizarin blue SR pdr
Alizarin black S paste
Alizarin green S paste. __
Helindone yellow 3GN ,
Helindone yellow 3GN paste
Helindone yellow IRK paste
Vat yellow RK paste
Algol yellow 3G (single strength)
Algol yellow 3G pdr
Vat yellow 5G paste
Indanthrene copper R paste
Algol yellow WF pdr. (single strength)
Algol scarlet G (single strength)
Algol scarlet Q pdr
Vat scarlet G paste
Algol red 5G (single strength)
Algol red 2G pdr_
Algol red 5G pdr
Vat red 5G pdr
Vat red 5GK pdr
Algol yellow R (single strength)
Algol yellow R paste.
nelindone yellow IGK paste
Vat yellow GK paste
Vat yellow GK pdr
Algol red FF, R (single strength)
Algol brilliant red 2B pdr
Algol red FF extra pdr
Algol red R extra paste.
Algol red R extra pdr
Vat red FF extra paste.
Vat red FF extra pdr
Vat red R extra pdr
Algol brilliant violet R (single strength)
Algol brilliant violet R pdr.
Algol brilliant violet RK pdr
Duranthrene brilliant violet R paste...
Helindone brilliant violet IRK paste...
Vat brilliant violet RK paste
Vat brilliant violet RK pdr.
Vat brilliant violet BR paste
Vat brilliant violet R paste
-■Vlgol brilliant violet 2B (single strength)...
Algol blue 3R Ddr
Algol blue 3RP pdr
Algol brilliant violet 2B pdr
Helindone brilliant violet IBBK paste.
Vat brilliant violet BBK paste
Vat brilliant violet BBK pdr
Algol brilliant orange FR (single strength).
Algol brilliant orange FR pdr.
Vat brilliant orange FR paste
Vat brilliant orange FR pdr
I
I...
B..
By-
M..
Q--
M..
B..
By...
Gr-E.
B
By...
By.
By-
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
M..
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By...
By...
BD..
M...
By...
By...
Or-E.
By...
By-
By.
By.
M..
By.
By.
By.
By.
B..
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
1,493
9,704
10, 935
21, 035
1,050
630
829
36
8,152
Invoice
value
650
329
735
137
2,930
16, 325
19, 342
14, 832
$2, 666
6,758
10, 168
822
1,770
5, 867
8,602
11,275
6,968
15, 917
4,291
14, 510
98 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
Schultz
No.
822
824
825
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
838
839
840
841
Name of dye
Algol brilliant orange FR (single strength)— Continued.
Vat orange R paste -
Vat brilliant orange RRK pdr
Vat brilliant orange RRK pdr..
Algol orange R (single strength;...
Vat orange 6RTK pdr..
Algol red B pdr. (single strength)
Indanthrene claret B e.xtra (single strength).
Anthra claret R paste
.\nthra Bordeaux R paste fine
Anthra Bordeaux R pdr
A.nthra Bordeaux B extra.
Indanthrene claret B (single strength).
Indanthrene Bordeaux B paste..
Indanthrene Bordeaux B pdr
Algol Bordeaux SB pdr. (single strength)
Indanthrene red R (single strength)
Anthra red RT paste
Anthra rod RT dbl. paste
Anthra red RT pdr
Vat red R paste
Vat red R ex. pdr
Indanthrene red BN (single strength)
.Duranthrene red BN paste
Helindone red IBN paste
Helindonered IBN extra paste
Helindone red IBN extra pdr
Helindone red DIBN extra paste
Helindone red IRK paste
Indanthrene red BN extra paste
Indanthrene red BN extra pdr
Vat red BN extra paste
Vat red RK paste
Vat red RK pdr
VatredRKP
Indanthrene violet BN (single strength)
Helindone violet IBN ex. paste
Indanthrene violet BN paste
Indanthrene violet BN extra paste
Indanthrene violet BN extra pdr.
Vat violet BN paste fine -
Vat violet BN extra paste
Vat violet BN pdr
Algol olive R (single strength)
Algol olive R paste
Ala;ol olive R pdr
Helindone olive IR paste
Vat olive R paste
Vat olive R pdr
Vat oliveRpIr
Algol gray (single strength)
Al?ol gray 2B paste..
Vat gray GK paste
Vat gray GK pdr
Vat gray K pir
Vat '.;ray BR pa'^te.
Indanthrene blue RS (single strength)
Helindone l)lue IR?! dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue R.S paste
Indanthrene blue RS triple pdr..
Vat blue RS dbl. paste...
Vat blue RSP dbl. paste
Vat blue RSP triple pdr
Algol blue K (single strength)
Vat blue RK pdr
Indanthrene blue 3Q (single strength)
Helindone blue I 30 paste
Indanthrene blue 3G pdr...
Vat blue :iQ paste
Vat blue3G paste fine
Vat blue30 pdr _
Indanthrene blue OGS (single strength)
Vat blue QGSLpdr.
Vat blue QGSP dbl. paste
Vat blue QQSZ dbl. paste.
Manu-
facturer
Qr-E.
B
By...
By.
By.
B..
B..
By.
BD.
M...
M...
M...
M...
M...
B...
B...
B...
B...
B...
B...
By.
By.
M..
By-
B..
By.
By...
By...
By...
By...
Qr-E.
By.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
16
6,642
3,641
18
10, 042
58, 520
31, 925
30, 665
4,380
28, 814
816
'6,"669
11, 824
Invoice
value
6,164
7,131
76, 543
56, 231
19,017
1,652
10,043
3,881
8,337
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 99
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
Name of dye
Imports
Manu-
facturer
Quantity
Invoice
value
Indanthrene blue GCD (-Jingle strength)..
Helindone bluelGCD dDl. paste
Heliudoae blue IGCD dbl. paste fine.
Indaothrene blue GCD dbl. paste
Indanthrene blue GOD pdr
Vat blue GCD dbl. paste
Vat blue GOD dbl. paste fine
Indanthrene blue GO (single strength)
Indanthrene blue GO paste
Indanthrene blue GCN pdr
Cibanone blue G pdr
Algol blue3G (single strength)..
Algol blue 3G paste
Algol blue 3Q pdr
Vat blue 3G paste fine
Vat blue 3QP paste
Vat blue oG paste
Vat blue 5G pdr..
Algol green B (single strength)
Vat green BB paste
Vat green BB pdr
Vat green BB pdr
Indanthrene yellow (single strength)
Helindone yellow IG dol. paste
Indanthrene yellow O paste
Indanthrene yellow G dbl. paste
Indanthrene yellow G pdr
Vat yellow G dbl. paste.
Vat yellow G pdr
Vat yellow G pdr
Indanthrene blue WB (pdr)
Alizarin direct blue B
Alizarin di:ect blue B
Alizarin leveling blue B
Alizarin level'.T; blue BBS
Alizarin irisol D, .1
Alizarin blue J R
Alizarin direct violet R
Alizarin irisol B
Alizarin irisol R..
A nthraquinone violet
Anthraquinone violet pdr
Anthraquinone violet pdr
Alizarin viridine FF paste
Alizarin pure blue B
Alizarin blue SKY
Alizarin sky blue B
Alizarin astrol
Alizarin astrol B.
Alizarin blue AS
Alizarin saphirol B
Alizarin blue SAP
Alizarin blue SAWS.A.....
Alizarin light blue B
Alizarin light blue SE
Alizarin saphire blue SE
Alizarin saphirol SE
.Alizarin saphirol WS
Alizarin saphirol WSA
Alizarin saphirol WSA
Guinea light blue SE
Cyananthrol Q-..
Alizarin direct blue BGAOO..
Cyananthrol BGAOO
Anthraquinone blue SR
Anthraquinone blue SR extra
Anthraquinone blue SR extra
Alizarin blue black
Alizarin blue black B pdr_
Alizarin blue black B pdr
Alizarin blue black SB pdr...
Anthraquinone blue green BXO
Anthraquinone green GXNO
Alizarin direct green G
Alizarin brilliant green Q
Alizarin cyanine green G..
Alizarin cyanine green 3Q_.
B..
By.
I...
By.
By.
B..
By.
By.
By.
By.
B..
By.
B..
B..
B..
B..
B..
By.
B..
By.
M..
By-
By.
B..
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
By-
By.
S...
I...
By.
By.
B..
By-
A..
B..
By.
By.
M..
By.
B..
B..
C.
By.
By.
Pounds
68, 450
$30,918
1,379
1,025
275
32, 396
21, 837
2,518
2,179
39, 771
27, 681
200
3,310
9,843
3,946
11, 394
1,486
5,778
20, 729
16, 117
'ib'm 81,640
7,817 18,035
58
"78,"i95"
700
1,041
7,636
72, 927
16, 536
100 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 192 4 — Continued
Schultz
No.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Q--tity !-£«
867
868
869
870
871
873
874
876
883
885
886
892
893
895
897
Indanthrene brown B (single strength)
Anthra brown B dbl paste
Indanthrene brown B dbl paste.
Cibanone brown B, V (single strength)
Cibanone brown B paste
Cibanone brown B pdr
Algol brown B (single strength)
Algol brown R paste
Algol brown R pdr
Helindone brown IR paste..
Helindone brown IR pdr
Helindone brown IRT paste
Indanthrene brown R paste
Vat brown IR paste
Vat brown R paste
Vat brown R paste
Vat brown R pdr
Vat brown R pdi
Algol eorinth R (single strength)
Algol eorinth R pdr
Helindone eorinth IRK pdr
Vat eorinth R paste
Vat eorinth RK paste
Vat Corinth RK pdr
Vat eorinth RK pdr
Indanthrene red violet (single strength)
Indanthrene red violet RRK paste
Indanthrene red violet RRN ex. paste.
Vat red violet RRK paste
Vat red violet RRK paste fine
Vat red violet RRK pdr
Helindone brown AN (single strength)
Helindone brown AN paste
Helindone reddish brown IR paste
Indanthrene reddish brown IR paste...
Indigo, synthetic
Indigo
Indigo MLB paste..
Indigo, white
Indigosol DH..
Indigosol O
Indigosol O
Indigosol O
Indigosol 04B
Ciba blue 2B (single strength)
Brilliant indigo 4B paste
Brilliant indigo 4B pdr
Brom-indigo FB pdr..
Brom-indigo FBP paste
Brom-indigo FBP i)dr
Ciba blue 2BD paste...
Indigo MLB/4B paste..
Indigo MLB/4B pdr
Indigo KG (single strength)
Indigo MLB/OB pdr
Brilliant indigo B paste
Brilliant indigo O pdr (single strength)
Helindone green Q (single strength)
Helindone green G paste
Helindone green O pdr
Alizarin indigo G (single strength)
Alizarin indigo G paste
Alizarin indigo O pdr
Alizarin indigo B (single strength)
Alizarin indigo B pdr
Alizarin in<ligo green B pdr
Alizarin indigo green B paste..
Alizarin indigo violet B paste
Alizarin indigo violet B pdr
Alizarin indigo 3R (single strength)
-Alizarin indigo 3R paste
Alizarin indigo 3R pdr
Helindone blue 3GN
Helindone blue 3R paste
Ciba heliotrope li (single strength)
Ciba heliotrope B paste
Ciba heliotrope B pdr
By.
By-
M..
M..
M..
B..
M.-
By.
B..
B..
By.
By.
M-.
B..
By.
By.
B..
DH.
B...
DH.
M...
DH.
B..
B..
Bv.
By.
By.
I...
M..
M..
By.
By.
By.
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
M.
Pounds
10, 350
1,832
"7i,'3i3"
$62, 785
10, 333 10, 137
10,932 I 11,005
300 22
5,471
975 I ],38S
5,783 I 1,805
4,500
11,218
250
350
3,506
"i,'447'
4,144
175
10,016
I i
2,653
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION 101
Table 30. — Imports af dyes, calendar year i 5^4— Continued
Schultz
No.
901
902
904
905
906
907
908
910
911
912
913
915
917
918
Name of dye
919
920
923
Ciba gray (single strength)
Ciba gray B pdr
Ciba violet B (single strength)
Ciba violet B paste
Ciba violet B pdr.. -
Ciba violet R paste
Ciba violet R pdr
Helindone brown 2R (single strength)
Helindone brown 2R pdr
Helindone brown G (single strength)
Helindone brown G paste.
Helindone brown G pdr
Thioindigo brown G pdr
Thioindigo scarlet R paste
Thioindigo scarlet G (single strength)
Ciba red G paste —
Ciba red G pdr
Ciba scarlet (single strength)
Ciba scarlet G extra paste
Ciba scarlet G extra pdr ,
Helindone fast scarlet C paste
Thioindigo scarlet GG paste
Ciba red R paste
Helindone pink (single strength)
Anthra pink AN paste
Anthra pink BN paste
Helindone pink AN paste -
Helindone pink AN pdr.
Helindone pink BN paste.!
Vat pink AN paste
Vat pink BN paste ..-.
Ciba orange G paste
Thioindigo red B._ '
Anthra red B paste
Ciba pink B paste
Thioindigo red B paste
Helindone orange R (single strength)
Helindone orange R paste
Hydron orange RF paste
Hydron orange RF pdr
Thioindigo orange R paste
Helindone fast scarlet R (single strength) .
Helindone fast scarlet R pdr
Helindone red B (single strength)
Helindone red B paste
Helindone red B pdr
Helindone red 3B (single strength)
Ciba red 3B paste
Durindone red 3B paste
Durindone red 3B pdr
Helindone red 3B paste
Helindone red 3B pdr
Helindone reddish violet IRH pdr
Thioindigo red 3B paste
Vat red 3B paste
Vat red violet RH paste
Ciba Bordeaux B (single strength)
Ciba Bordeaux B paste
Ciba Bordeaux B pdr
Helindone violet (single strength)
Helindone violet B paste
Helindone violet B pdr
Helindone violet 2B pdr
Helindone violet R paste
Helindone violet R pdr
Ursol .
Fur black DG
Fur blue black A, B, SB, SDF.
Fur brown O, P, NZ, PY, 2R..
Fur brown 4R, SK, SKG
Fur gray ALA, B
Fur gray brown SLA
P'ur red brown 6R
Fur yellow 2G, 4G...
Furrol yellow brown G
Nako B, DR, PS, RH
Nako black DBB.
Nako gray B
Manu-
facturer
M.
I....
BD.
BD.
M-
M--
M..
K...
M..
B...
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
550
82, 598
700
2,455
385
661
6,063
28, 217
8,478
3, 505
17, 635
17, 808
2,204
2,682
37, 077
29, 038
29,000
6,179
Invoice
value
$25, 145
2,72»
32, 922-
12, 958-
1,850
37, 26a
25, 312
4, 69ft
8, 310
102
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table SO.— Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Name of dye
Quantity
Invoice
value
Acid black . .. ...
Q
B
G.
I.
C
Pounds
11
10
550
220
5
1,606
Acid blue BBX -..
Acid pure blue R supra _ .. .
Acid violet JOB
Alizarin direct blue
$4, 205
Alizarin direct blue A ......
M
Alizarin levelling blue BBS - ... .....
C
By
M
By
By
C. ......
1,500
530
1,874
25
11,514
Alizarin emeraldole G pdr .
Alizarin rubinol
23, 666
Alizarin rubinol 3G pdr . _ . . . .
By
Alizarin rubinol 5G pdr .... . .
By
By
By
Alizarin rubine 30 pdr ....
By
Alizarin rubine GW pdr .
Bv
Alizarin rubine R pdr
By
By
C
206
100
1,082
Alphanol blue BRN cone .-.-.. .
Onis (Anthosine) 3B . ....
B
By
M
B
C
C
Q
By
C
K
Bv.
By
I
I
G
G
M
By
S
Q -
A
A
100 1
Azo acid black B .. J.
Azo flavine FFNX .».
300
100
5
25
22
106
6,200
198
699
100
110
2,755
992
493
1,000
1, 556
2,204
11
10
4,700
710
1,430
100
130
105
220
25
2,204
7,756
Azo orseille BB ... .
Azo wool violet 7R
Black for ostrich feathers . . .
Urilliant milling blue B, FG .
Oashrrei-e black TN .
Cashm-^ra blue TG extra
Cloth fast red GRG...
Erio fast fuchsine BBL .
Erio navy blue .
Fast aci'l green BB extra
Fast light red BL, GL
Fast sulphon green 2G cone . . . . . .
French blue... .
Guinea brown 2R
Guinea fast red BL, 2BL
Ink blue BITN.- .
Gr-E...
T
B
A
A
I
Mars red ATX .
Milling orange G .
Milling yellow F 3G, R
Neolan blue 2G cone. .......
Onis violet BB
B
G
Polar red G cone . . .
G
G
Radio black SB..
C
C
C.
C
Gr-E...
M
By.
200
5
25
1,020
250
100
300
802
Radio red VB
Radio vellow R ...
Silk blue BT'iB extra cone . .
Sulpho rosazeine G pdr . .
Sulphon yellow . .
712
By
Sulphon vellow 5G .
By
By
By
By
By
By
462
292
446
419
1,188
1,268
By
By
By.
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
103
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED ACID DYES— Continued.
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
Supramine yellow
Supramine yellow G
Supramine yellow R
Wool black BR
Wool brown AF...
Wool fast blue
Wool fast blue BL
Wool fast blue BL
Wool fast scarlet cone
Wool fast vellow G
Wool violet R C
Xylene milling blue AE conc-.
Xylene milling orange R conc.
Xylene milling red B conc
By.
By.
By.
Q--
B..
By.
G..
B..
G..
S...
S...
s...
Pouvds
1,083
1,103
249
4,440
55
330
55
500
6C0
1,500
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES
^.Igol black (single strength)
Algol black CL pdr
Algol black RO pdr
.\lgol blue (single strength)
Algol blue FB paste
.A.lgol blue FB pdr
Vat blue 3 GT pdr.
Algol brown (single strength)
Algol brown G paste
Algol brown G pdr
Vat brown G paste
Vat brown G pdr
Vat brown GO pdr \.
Algol pink TR pdr. (single strength)
Alizarin indigo 5R, 7R, 7G
Alizarin indigo black B._
Alizarin indigo brown R paste
.\lizarin indigo gray B (single strength).
Alizarin indigo green G, BB paste
Alizarin indigo red B (single strength)..
Anthra wool black..
Anthra wool black 3B
Anthra wool black T
jVnthra wool brown CM
Anthra wool red CB, CR
Brilliant indigo
Brilliant indigo N
Brilliant indigo 4 BG
Ciba pink (single strength)
Ciba pink BG paste
Ciba pink BG pdr
Ciba printing black
Ciba printing black B paste.
Ciba printing black G paste.
Cibanone blue 2G pdr
Cibanone brown R paste
Cibanone green G paste
Cibanone orange
Cibanone orange 3R pdr...
Cibanone orange 6R pdr...
Cibanone red...
Cibanone red C pdr
Cibanone red G pdr
Qrelanone brown RR paste
Grelanone orange RB paste
Grelanone red 2B paste
Grelanone scarlet G paste
Grelanone violet BR, SB paste
Grelanone yellow G paste
Helindone black B in grains
Helindone brown vat in grains..
Helindone claret red B paste
Helindone fast scarlet
Helindone fast scarlet B paste
Helindone fast scarlet G paste
Vat fast scarlet G paste
By.
By.
By-
By.
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
M
M
M
18, 155
16
9
123
4,967
16
563
21
200
25
6
2,202
21, 653
10, 799
385
1,322
2,204
330
606
112
112
56
56
56
560
25
50
200
1,105
$24
14,728
104
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
By.
By.
B_.
M.
M.
C
c.
Helindone khaki C in grains.
Helinilone printing black RD paste
Helindone red
Helindone red BB vat...
Helindone red CR vat.
Helindone red 15 OK paste
Helindone yellow CA paste..
Hydron black B pdr. (single strength)
Hydron Bordeaux B (single strength)
Hydron Bordeaux B dbl. paste.
Hydron Bordeaux R dbl. paste
Hydron brown (single strength)
Hydron brown G paste..
Hydron brown G pdr
Hydron brown R paste
Hydron brown R pdr
Hydron green
Hydron green B paste
Hydron green G paste
Hydron navy blue C paste
Hydron olive _.
Hydron olive GN paste
Hydron olive R paste
Hydron pink FB (single strength)
Algol brilliant pink FB paste
Algol brilliant pink FB pdr
Anthra pink B extra paste .-
Helindone pink B extra paste —
Helindore pink B extra pdr -
Hydron pink FB paste
Hydron pink FB pdr
Hydron pink FF (single strength)
Algol brilliant pink FF paste
Algol brilliant pink FF pdr
Anthra pink R extra paste
Antlira pink R extra pdr
Helindone pink R extra paste.
Helindone pink R extra pdr.
Hydron pink FF paste
Hydron pink FF pdr
Thioindigo rose RN ex. paste
H ydron scarlet (single strength)
Hydron scarlet 2B paste
Hydron scarlet 2B pdr .-
Hydron scarlet 3B paste..
Hydron scarlet 3B pdr
Hydron sky blue FK paste...
Hydron violet (single strength)
Hydron violet B pdr
Hydron violet R pdr
Hydron wool brown D paste
Hydron wool olive B paste
Hydron wool yellow O pdr —
Hydron yellow NF paste
Indanthrene black (single strength)
Vat black BGA dbl. paste...
Indanthrene blue BCS (single strength)
Helindone blue IBCS pdr
Indanthrene blue BCD dbl. paste .-
Indanthrene blue BCD dbl. paste fine..
Indanthrene blue BCS pdr .-
Vat blue BCD dbl. paste
Vat blue BCS pdr
Indanthrene blue BGCS pdr
Indanthrene blue (single strength). j
Indanthrene blue RC paste B.
Indanthrene blue RC dbl. paste B.
Indanthrene blue RHZ pdr B.
Indanthrene blue RZ dbl. paste B.
Indanthrene brilliant blue R (single strength)
Helindone brilliant blue IR paste M
Vat t)rilliant blue R paste --- B.
Vat brilliant blue R paste fine M
Vat brilliant blue R pdr -'---i B.
Manu-
facturer
By.
By.
B..
B..
M..
M..
C.
C.
K..
B.
Imports
Q--tity l-ojce
Pounds
10
8,300
60
200
25
6
100
42, 681
2,300
250
250
11,837 I
50, 460
8,668
3,195
625
25
25
50
6,050
1,086
39, 350
10
10, 963
1,782
DYES IMPORTED EOil CONSUMPTION
105
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED VAT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
By.
By.
Indanthrene brown G (single strength)
Helindone brown IQ paste..
Helindone brown IG pdr..
Vat brown G paste
Vat brown O pdr -
Vat brown GG paste
Indanthrene brown
Hehndone brown I 3R paste - -.- -
Indanthrene brown 3R paste -
Vat brown 3R paste - - —
Indanthrene golden orange 3Q (single strength)...
Vat golden orange 3G paste
Vat golden orange 3G pdr.
Indanthrene golden orange 3R (single strength)
Helindone golden orange I 3R paste
Indanthrene golden orange 3R paste
Vat orange 3R paste..
Vat orange 3R paste fine
Indanthrene gray (single strength)
Vat gray 3B dbl. paste
Vat gray BTR paste
Vat gray RRH
Indanthrene green (single strength).
Helindone green IG dbl. paste
Helindone green IQG dbl. paste
Vat green G dbl. paste
Vat green GG dbl. paste...
Indanthrene pink B (single strength)
Helindone pink IB dbl. paste
Helindone pink IB dbl. paste fine
Helindone pink IB pdr
Indanthrene pink B dbl. paste
V^at pink B dbl. paste
Vat pink B dbl. paste fine
Vat pink B extra paste
Indanthrene red (single strength)..
Helindone red IGG paste
Helindone red IGG pdr.. ! M
Vat red GG paste _ ..I B.
Vat red GG paste fine I B.
Vat red GG pdr... ' B.
Indanthrene vellow I
•Helindone vellow I 3RT. | M
Vat yellow 3 RT pdr ..I B.
Vat yellow 3 RT cone, pdr B.
Vat blue IggSNL, IRL.. | M
Vat printing black BR paste \ B.
Vat violet No. 162 for lakes. i Q.
Vat yellow OP pdr | B.
Vat yellow 6G, 6GD pdr A.
Manu-
facturer
M.
Imports
Quantity
Pounds
16, 130
Invoice
value
$11,856
4,123
9,168
1,102
3,800
39, 131
4,620
117
15
11
2,695
50
10
2,663
9,609
1,384
2,131
36, 553
4,095
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES
Acid alizarin blue black R cone
Acid alizarin gray G._
Acid alizarin red G
Acid chrome blue 3RX, 3G
Acid anthracene brown KE pdr...
Acid chrome yellow
Acid chrome yellow GL.
Acid chrome yellow RL extra.
Alizarin blue WS
Alizarin Bordeaux GP paste
Alizarin cyclamine R paste
Alizarin fast blue BHG
Alizarin fast brown GL pdr
Alizarin fast gray 2 BL
Alizarin fast light red 5G pdr
Alizarin heli3trope R paste
Alizarin light green GS cone.
Alizarin red PS pdr
Alliance fast brown 5G paste
Anthracene chromate brown EB..
M.
M.
M.
By.
By.
By..
By..
By..
By-
By..
By..
By..
By..
By..
By..
S....
M..
BD.
C...
10
7,025
50
226
6
204
465
441
796
106
6
4,456
6
11
2,000
500
50
6,669
106
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued.
UNIDENTIFIED MORDANT AND CHROME DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Anthracene chrome brown DWN
Autochrome olive brown G
Brilliant chrome blue
Brilliant chrome blue 2B
Brilliant chrome blue R pdr
Brilliant chrome violet 3R, RO
Chromanol black RVI
Chromazurine
Chromazurine DN
Chromazurine G
Chromazurine E
Chrome brilliant blue G
Chrome brilliant yellow 3G -..
Chrome fast blue
Chrome fast blue FB
Chrome fast blue BX..
Chrome fast garnet BL
Chrome fast phosphine R
Chrome fast yellow 5RP
Chrome gnrnet B
Chrome olive JCSB pdr
Chrome printing blue G pdr
Chrome printing red -.
Chrome printing red Y
Chrome printing red B
Chrome skv blue B pdr
Chrome yellow CR
Chromocitronine 3R
Chromorhodine
Chromorhodine BN
Chromorhodine 6 GN extra
Chromorhodine BR
Chromorhodine BB
Chromorosaniine 2B
Chromovesuvine RA
Chromoxane azurol bD pdr
Chromoxane brilliant violet SB
Diamond black P2 B cone
Diamond bordeaux R
Eriochromal gray 50 cone
Erioehrome flavine A cone
Eriochrome green L
Erioehrome red G
Fast chrome green B
Metachrome blue black 2BX.
Metachrome brilliant blue BL, 8RL,
Metachrome brown 6G
Metachrome green G, 3G
Metachrome olive
Metachrome olive B
Metachrome olive D
Metachrome olive 2G
Metachrome olive brown
Metachrome olive brown G pdr.
Metachrome olive brown G
Metaclirome red G
Metachrome violet
Metachrome violet B
MetachromiC violet 2R
Modern gray RON
Modern green N .-.
Omega chrome brown
Omega chrome brown G conc-
Omega chrome brown PB cone.
Omega chrome claret cone
Palatine chrome brilliant violet B...
Pilatus chromate black B ;
Solochrome brown MO paste
Dltra corinth B
Ultra cyanol B.
Manu-
facturer
DH.
By..
DH.
DH.
DH.
I....
DH.
G...
By..
A...
B...
A...
DH.
A.._
DH.
DH.
By..
DH.
DH.
By_.
G...
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
DH.
By..
By..
By..
By..
G...
G...
G...
G_..
DH.
A...
X...
A...
A...
Bro.
A...
A...
A...
A...
DH.
DH.
S....
S....
s....
B...
B...
BD.
S..-
S....
Imports
C^iantity
Pounds
10
20
991
330
55
1,465
276
6
355
5
385
5
110
110
93
1,541
666
1,102
440
4,621
22
110
12
5
16
519
110
6,614
2,864
2,204
55
9,500
310
2,000
70
6,120
5,100
300
950
550
220
,003
200
ICO
101
50
300
1,000
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
107
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
Azonine B, G, R, RR, S, SF
Azonine direct blue B paste
Azonine direct red G paste
Azonine direct yellow RR paste...
Benzo bronze E
Benzo dark brown extra
Benzo fast black L
Benzo fast black L
Direct fast black B
Oxamine light black EB
Benzo fast Bordeaux 6 BL
Benzo fast brown
Benzo fast brown 3 QL
Benzo fast brown RL_
Benzo light brown 3GL
Benzo fast gray
Benzo fast gray BL
Benzo light gray BL
Diamine fast gray BN
Oxamine light gray EB
Benzo fast heliotrope
Benzo fast heliotrope BL
Benzo fast heliotrope 4BL
Benzo fast heliotrope 2RL
Benzo fast heliotrope 5RH
Brilliant benzo fast violet BL.
Benzo fast light scarlet 4BL
Benzo fast orange
Benzo fast orange 2RL
Dianil fast orange 2R
Benzo fast rubine
Benzo fast rubine BL...
Diamine fast rubine FB
Diamine fast rubine RF
Benzo fast scarlet
Benzo fast scarlet oBL
Beu2o fast scarlet 6BSL
Benzo fast yellow 4GrL extra
Benzo green O
Benzo red 12 B
Benzo red 12B
Direct safranine RW
Benzo rhoduline red
Benzo rhoduline red 3B
Benzo rhodamine red 3B
Columbia red 03B
Benzo rubine SC
Benzo sky blue
Benzoform blue G extra.
Benzoform green FFL
Benzoform violet 2BF
Blue
Blue, I. II, III, IV, V
Blue dve No. 1
Blue dye No. 2
Brilliant benzo fast yellow GL
Brilliant benzo green B
Brilliant benzo violet B
Brilliant benzo violet B
Diamine brilliant violet B
Brilliant benzo violet 2R
Brilliant Congo blue 5R
Brilliant Congo violet R.
Brilliant cotton blue R cone
Brilliant fast blue
Brilliant fast blue 2G
Brilliant fast blue 3BX
Brilliant pure yellow 6G extra
Brilliant sky blue
BriDiant sky blue 8G extra
Brilliant sky blue 2RM
Gelatine blue..
Gelatine orange.
Gelatine red
Gelatine red violet
C..
c..
G..
C..
By.
By.
By.
I...
B.-
By-
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
G-.
B..
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
M.
By.
G..
G..
By.
By.
By.
By-
By.
I...
By.
By.
A..
By.
By.
By.
By-
By.
BG.
Q..
Q...
By-.
By.
By.
G..
By.
A..
A..
K..
By.
By.
By.
By.
Bv.
SD.
SD.
SD.
SD.
3,567
6
], 426
1,111
10
6
1,841
1,785
50
17
6
6
6
1,844
82
248
2,648
1,193
100
310
220
1, 533
4,735
586
20
150
150
$97
Pounds
165
230
330
230
200 !
651 '
7,848 ! 6,042
1,990 I _.
5,976 ! 6,457
2,476 2,238
5,995
1,711
1,174
1,629
108
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity ^^l
Celatine yellow
Chloramine fast yellow B
Chloramine light gray -
Chloramine light gray B cone
Chloramine light gray R cone
Chloramine light violet R cone
Chloramine violet FFB
Chlorantine fast blue 2GH
Chlorantine fast brown
Chlorantine fast brown 3QH
Chlorantine fast brown 2RL...
Chlorantine fast gray B
Chlorantine fast green B
Chlorantine fast violet
Chlorantine fast violet 4BL
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL
Chlorantine fast yellow
Chlorantine fast yellow 4GL
Chlorantine fast yellow RL
Chlorazol brown RD
Chlorazol fast brown RK
Chlorazol fast orange K, AK
Chlorazol violet R
Columbia fast leather brown
Cotonerol
Cotonerol A
Cotonerol AV.
Cupranil brown R
Developing pure blue GL
Diamine azo Bordeaux..
Diamine azo Bordeaux BL
Diamine azo fast Bordeaux B
Diamine azo fast green G
Diamine azo fast violet R
Diamine brilliant scarlet S
D iamine catechine
Diamine catechine B
Diamine catechine B
Diamine catechine G
Diamine catechine R
Diamine catechine GR.
Direct cutch brown GR
Diamine fast blue
Diamine fast blue FFB
Diamine fast blue F3G
Diamine fast Bordeaux 6BS
Diamine fast brown
Diamine fast brown G
Diamine fast brown GB
Diamine fast brown GR
Diamine fast orange
Diamine fast orange EG
Diamine fast orange ER
Diamine fast red violet FR
Diamine fast rose B, Q
Diamine fast scarlet GG
Diamine steel blae L
Diaminogene sky blue N ,
Dianil fast violet BL.
Dianil light rod 12BL
Diazauil pink B
Diazo brilliant blue 2BL extra
Diazo brilliant green
Developed brilliant green 3G
Diazo brilliant green 3G
Diazo brilliant orange OR, 5G extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet___
Diazo brilliant scarlet G extra
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL extra cone.
Diazo brown.
Diazo brown G
Diazo brown 3G
Diazo brown 6G
Diazo brown 3R...
Diazo brown 3RB
SD.
By.
S...
S...
s...
By.
I...
BD.
BD.
BD.
BD.
A...
C.
C.
c.
C-
c.
C-.
c.
M..
M..
M..
By-
Bv.
Bv.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
Pounds
50
6
901
830
911
17, 268
30, 202
771
991
7,602
200
2,486
150
1,000
20
640
110
105
320
100
100
6,000
11,352
2,400
520
2,069
11,763
100
600
100
50
650
100
100 j
1,162
6
5,132
935
4,601
1,700
DYES IMPORTED FOR CONSUMPTION
109
Table 30.^ — Imports of dyes, calendar year, 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
Diazo fast blue --
Diazamine blue 4R
Diazo fast blue 6GW
Diazo fast blue 4R\V
Diazo fast bordeaux BL
Diazo fast green BL -
Diazo fast red SB...
Diazo fast violet
Developed light violet BL
Diazo fast violet BL
Diazo fast violet 3RL
Diazo light violet BL
Diazo fast yellow ..-
Developed fast yellow 2G
Developed light yellow 2G
Developed yellow 2G
Diazo yellow G
Diazo yellow 2G
Diazo geranine
Diazo geranine B extra -.
Zambesi pink B extra
Diazo indigo blue
Developed indigo blue 4GL extra.
Diazo indigo blue 4GL
Diazo rubine B
Diazo sky blue
Diazo sky blue 3G
Diazo sky blue 3GL
Diazo solamine I, II, III
Diazo yellow R
Diazophenyl black V
Diphenyl catechine R supra
Diphenyl fast bronze B
Diphenyl fast gray BC
Direct black RMW
Direct brown _..
Direct brown
Direct brown 3GL
Direct fast orange R
Duranol blue G paste
Duranol orange G paste..
Duranol red BB, G, GG
Fast cotton gray
Fast cotton gray BL
Fast cotton gray GL..
Fast cotton gray VL
Fast cotton green B, G
Fast cotton orange 2RL
Fast cotton rose 2B _
Fast cotton rubine B, 3B
Fast cotton violet 4R
Formal fast black G cone
Foulard discharge blue B
Golden orange I
Golden yellow VIII
Half-wool blue 3R
lonamine A, B, H, L, GA, VLA, MA..
lonaraine red GA, KA
Minaxo (oxamine) claret BXX
Minaxo (oxamine) light blue G
Minaxo (examine) light pink
Naphthamine fast brown...
Naphthamine fast brown BL
Naphthamine light brown 2G
Naphthogene blue
Developing blue B..
Naphthogene blue B
Orange I
Oxydiamine brown G, 3GN, RN
Parasulphon brown
Parasulphon brown G
Parasulphon brown V
Polyphenyl blue GS
Pure yellow I
Pyrazol orange R cone.
Red I, III, V
S...
I...
I...
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
By.
A.-
By.
By.
By.
By.
By..
BC.
By..
G...
G...
G...
G..
C...
Q...
By..
I....
BD.
BD.
BD.
A...
A...
A...
A...
A...
A...
A...
A...
G...
By..
BC-
BC-
By..
BD.
BD.
B...
B...
B...
A...
A...
BC.
C...
S....
S..-.
G...
BC.
S....
BC.
Pounds
1,642
220
55
55
2,946
559
7,758
202
4, 785
39
100
6,614
551
1,102
330
300
353
110
125
125
358
1,410
20
100
5
10
5
100
6
193
463
97
130
70
300
200
300
1,100
1,2G2
466
42
1,330
4,982
395
300
1,119
$4,132
4,253
2,290 I 3,111
18, 677
544
1,341
34
110
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED DIRECT DYES— Continued
Name of dye
Manu-
facturer
Imports
Quantity
Invoice
value
Rosanthrene orange R
Rosanthrene violet 5R
Solamine I, II, III
Toluylene fast brown 3G, 2R
Universal blue C
Universal brown C
Universal gray C
Universal heliotrope C
Universal leather brown
Zambesi black
Developing black FFN..
Diazo fast black SD
Diazophenvi black 3B.
Oxamine black BBNX
Zambesi black D
Zambesi black F
Zambesi black V
Zambesi red B pdr
Rapid fast dyes-
Rapid fast Bordeaux B paste..
Rapid fast orange RG paste..
Rapid fast red
Rapid fast red B paste
Rapid fast red BB paste..
Rapid fast red GL paste..
Rapid fast red GZ paste..
Rapid fast red 3GL paste.
Rapid fast yellow G paste
I...
I...
EC.
By..
C...
C...
C...
C...
c...
By.
By.
G..
B..
A..
A..
A--
A..
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
Gr-E-
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
Gr-E..
Gr-E.
Gr-E.
Pounds
4,959
135
1,087
230
5
5
5
10
5
7,913
220
100
100
425
100
$272
4, 575
UNIDENTIFIED SULPHUR DYES
Cross dye green
Cross dye green B.
Cross dye green 2G cone
Immedial purple G
Immedial violet C
Katigene bronze LX extra.
Katigenc brown VR extra
Katigene deep black BN, FGC, TN ex
Katigene indigo
Katigene indigo CLOG ex... _
Katigene indigo FR ex
Katigene orange O
Katigene yellow brown RLX extra, 3RLX extra
Pyrogene brilliant blue 6B
Pyrogene brown G
Pyrogene cutch brown RR extra
Pyrogene violet brown X .'
Sulphide black BL extra strong
Sulphide brown S_
Sulphide direct blue R cone, G cone
Sulphide green BL extra cone., GL extra cone
Sulphide new blue BL cone., CL cone, JL ex. cone.
Sulphide violet V__
Sulphur black TBF
Sulphur black brown QL ex. cone.
Sulphur brilliant blue..
Sulphur brilliant blue CLB
Sulphur brilhant blue CL2R
Sulphur brown
Sulphur brown, CLG
Sulphur brown CL4R ,
Sulphur catechu G
Sulphur corinth CLB
Sulphur olive brown A extra
Sulphur yellow G extra
Thional brilliant blue 6BS cone
Thionol brown
Thionol brown 6.
Thionol brown R
BD.
BD.
C...
c...
By..
By..
By-
By.
By.
By.
By-
I...
I...
I...
I...
M..
M..
M..
M-.
M..
M..
A..
A..
BD.
BD.
35, 246
500
500
6
6
17
1,686
6
11
441
2,204
2,205
661
25
100
20
20
50
700
3,000
10
2,010
1,110
200
25
5
710
6, 001
16, 060
39
DYES IMPOKTED FOR CONSUMPTION
111
Table 30. — Imports of dyes, calendar year 1924 — Continued
UNIDENTIFIED BASIC DYES
Name of dye
Acridine brown O cone
Acridine scarlet J
Acridine yellow AO
Brilliant acridine orange
Brilliant acridine orange R cone.
Brilliant acridine orange 3R
Brilliant acridine orange 5R
Brilliant rhodamine blue E
Chrysoidine BL base
Chrvsophosphine 2Q cone
CorvolineBT
Leather black TBO
Methyl violet 5R
Methylene blue 3G
Methylene gray B new
Rhodamine blue GG extra, 3G0
Rhodamine sky blue
Rhodamine sky blue 3G
Rhodamine sky blue BB
Rhoduline sky blue 3G
Tannocyanine B
Imports
Manu-
facturer
Quantity
Q...
DH.
M..
DH.
DH.
By..
B...
Q-.-
B...
C...
M..
B...
B...
By-
Pounds
55
55
20
1,045
By.
By-
By-
M..
890
25
55
061
300
150
200
100
57
385
Invoice
value
$2, 340
UNIDENTIFIED SPIRIT-SOLUBLE AND COLOR-LAKE DYES
By.
By-
By.
Brilliant helio blue FFR
Brilliant helio green GG ex
Brillianton orange R
Hansa green G pdr
Hansa orange R pdr
Hansa red B pdr
Hansa yellow G —
Hansa yellow G paste
Hansa yellow G pdr
Hansa yellow
Hansa yellow lOG paste
Hansa yellow lOOT paste
Hansa yellow lOG pdr
Hansa yellow 5G pdr
Hansa yellow R pdr
Hansa yellow lOG lumps
Helio Bordeaux —
Helio Bordeaux BL paste
Helio Bordeaux BL pdr
Helio fast rubine LBK pdr
Helio fast violet
Helio fast violet AL
Helio fast violet 2RL
Helio fast yellow H lOG pdr
Helio fast yellow H 5G
Helio marine RL pdr
Helio red RMT extra pdr
Japan black extra
Stone (Lithol) fast yellow
Stone fast yellow 5G ,
Stone fast vellow lOG
Stone fast yellow lOGL
Stone (Lithol) fast orange R pdr...
Oil red G paste
Paper fast Bordeaux B.. _
Permanent red F6R e.xtra, F3R extra ! A
Sph-it fast red 5B j B
Sudan AB, OB. ■. A
Tero (Typophor) black FB B
Tero (Typophor) carmine FB ..i B
Tero (Typophor) red FG I B
Tero (Typophor) vellow FR ! B
By.
By.
A..
M..
M..
M..
By.
By.
By-
By.
By.
By.
B..
By.
130
30
10
10
5
5
3,000
4,480
20
430
5
1.399
1,690
6
226
7
39
110
106
500
317
500
11
1,819
10
10
6
400
125
7
600
$385
470
UNIDENTIFIED, UNCLASSIFIED DYES
All other aniline dyes.
$1,038
112 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
Name of dye
Aceto purpurine 8B
Acid alizarin blue black R
Acid alizarin blue BBN
Acid alizarin gray Q
Acid anthracene brown KE--
Acid anthracene brown PG, WSG-
Acid anthracene red 3B, 5BL
Acid black
Acid blue BBX-. - -
Acid blue RBF -..
Acid chrome blueSG, 3RX
Acid chrome yellow GL, RL
Acid cyauinc BF
Acid green extra cone
Acid green G, 2G -..
Acid magenta
Acid milling black B -
Acid milling red G cone
Acid milling red R
Acid phosphine R.__
Acid ponceau E
Acid pure blue R.,
Acid rhodamine 3R
Acid violet 4BL0
Acid violet r.R
Acid violet 6BN00
Acid violet 7B
Acid violet SB extra
Acid violet lOB
Acid violet C lOB
Acid violet blue
Acid violet red
Acridine brown O
Acridine orange DHE...
Acridine red 3B
Acridine scarlet J
Acridine yellow AO
Agalma black 10 BX
Algol black CL, RO.
Algol blue FB
Algol blue 3G
Algol blue 3R, 3RP..
Algol Bordeaux 3B
Algol brilliant orange FR...
Algol brilliant pink FB
Algol brilliant pink FF...
Algol brilliant red 2B...
Algol brilliant violet 2B...
Algol brilliant violet R
Algol brilliant violet RRK
Algol brown G
Algol brown R
Algol corinth R
Algol gray 2B _
Algol green B
Algol olive R
Algol pink TR
Algol red B
Algol red FF, R
Algol red 2G, 5G
Algol scarlet G..
Algol vellow 30
Algol yellow WF
Algol yellow R
Alizarin, synthetic
Alizarin GI
Alizarin SX
Alizarin VI
Alizarin astrol B
Alizarin black S
Alizarin black WR, WX
Alizarin blue AS
Alizarin blue G, R
Alizarin blue JR
Alizarin blue S, SB, SR
Alizarin blue SAP
Alizarin blue SKY
Alizarin blue WS
Schultz
No.
358
790
Page
705
505
505
524
265
293
400
606
175
530
530
548
534
527
530
530
526
603
569
217
844
821
829
822
819
821
820
820
825
819
816
815
811
814
8i7
778
785
784
778
S56
807
774
856
803
852
804
858
855
90
105
97
105
105
88
91
102
102
93
105
105
95
92
92
92
89
90
91
94
89
102
102
92
92
93
92
92
102
92
92
92
111
93
93
111 I
111
89
103
103
103
103
97
97
97
97
103
100
100
98
99
38
103
98
97
97
97
97
97
97 1
96
96
96
96
97
99
97
99
99
105
Name of dye
Alizarin blue black B, 3B
Alizarin Bordeaux BP
Alizarin Bordeaux GP
Alizarin brilliant green G...
Alizarin brown RD, SW.
Alizarin carmine
Alizarin claret R
Alizarin cyanine NS, WRB
Alizarin cyanine green G, 3G
Alizarin cyclamine R
Alizarin direct blue A
Alizarin direct blue B..
Alizarin direct blue BGAOO.
Alizarin direct violet R
Alizarin direct violet E 2B
Alizarin emeraldole G
Alizarin emeraldole green G
Alizarin fast blue BHG
Alizarin fast brown GL
Alizarin fast gray 2 BL
Alizarin fast light red 5G
A lizarin geranole B
Alizarin green S
Alizarin heliotrope R.
Alizarin indigo B
Alizarin indigo G._.^ '
Alizarin indigo 3R
Alizarin indigo 3G, 5R. 7R
Alizarin indigo black B
.Alizarin indigo brown R
Alizarin indigo gray B
Alizarin indigo green B
Alizarin indigo green BB, G
Alizarin indigo red B
Alizarin indigo violet B
Alizarin irisol B, R
Alizarin levelling blue B
Alizarin levelling blue BBS
Alizarin levelling green blue B
Alizarin light blue B, SE
Alizarin light green GS
Alizarin maroon
Alizarin orange AO, R, RQ, RP,
SW
Alizarin pure blue B
Alizarin red 2 .\B
Alizarin red IB, DIB
Alizarin red PS...
Alizarin red S, W, SW
Alizarin red GI, SDG, XGP, YCA.
Alizarin rubinol 3G, 5G, GW, R_...
Alizarin saphire blue SE
Alizarin saphirol SE, WS, WSA,
SAWSA
Alizarin sky blue B
Alizarin supra blue A
Alizarin viridine FF "
Alizarin vellow 2G
Alkali fas! green 3G, lOG
Alliance fast brown 5G
Alphanol blue BRN
Amidonaphthol red N2B
Anthosine 3B
Anthra Bordeaux R
Anthra brown B _..
Anthra claret R_
Anthra pink AN, BN
Anthra pink B
Anthra pink R
Anthra red B
Anthra red RT
Anthra \iolet B
Anthra wool black 3B, T
Anthra wool brown CM
Anthra wool red CB, CR..
Anthra yellow GC
Anthracene acid brown G
Anthracene blue WB, WO
Anthracene blue SWR, SWGG
Schultz
No.
66
827
867
827
910
912
830
768
759
221
800
790
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
113
Name of dye
Anthracene chromate brown EB...
Anthracene chrome brown DWN..
Anthracyani ue 3FL
Anthracyanine S
Anthraflavone GC
Anthraquinone blue SR
Anthraquinone blue green BXO
Anthraquinone green GXNO
Anthraquinone violet
Auramine G
Auramine N
Aurine
Autochrome olive brown G
Azo acid black B
Azo acid blue B
Azo carmine B
Azo carmine GX
Azo flavine FFNX
Azo orseille BB
Azo wool violet 7R
Azonine B, G, R, RR, S, SF
Azonine direct blue B
Azonine direct red G
Azonine direct yellow RR_
Basic yellow T, TON
Benzo bronze E
Benzo chrome brown G
Benzo dark brown extra
Benzo fast black L
Benzo fast blue 4GL __.
Benzo fast Bordeaux 6BL
Benzo fast brown 3GL, RL
Beuzo fast gray BL
Benzo fast heliotrope BL, 2RL
Benzo fast heliotrope 4BL, 5RH
Benzo fast light scarlet 4BL
Benzo fast orange 2RL
Benzo fast red 8BL
Benzo fast rubine BL
Benzo fast scarlet 4BS, 5BS, GS
Benzo fast scarlet 5BL, 6BSL
Benzo fast yellow 4GL
Benzo fast yellow RL
Benzo green O
Benzo light blue 4QL
Benzo light brown 3GL
Benzo light gray BL
Benzo red 12B._
Benzo rhodamine red SB
Benzo rhoduline red 3B_
Benzo rulJne SC.
Benzo scarlet BC
Benzo sky blue
Benzo violet O
Benzoform blue G
Benzoform green FFL .,.
Benzoform violet 2BF _.
Biebrich scarlet R
Black._ _..
Black, extra, RR
Black blue G
Blue 1900 TCD
Blue extra
Blue I, 11, III, IV, V
Blue No. 1, No. 2
Blue NA
Brilliant acid blue A, FF
BriUiant acid blue CB, EG
Brilliant acid blue V
Brilliant acid green 6B
Brilliant acridine orange A
Brilliant acridine orange R, 3R, 5R.
Brilliant alizarian blue R
Brilliant benzo fast violet BL
Brilliant benzo fast yellow GL
Brilhant benzo green B
Brilliant benzo violet B
Brilliant blue G
BriUiant chrome blue 2B, R.
Brilliant chrome violet 4B..
Brilliant chrome violet RG, 3R
Schultz
No.
627
759
861
863
864
853
494
493
555
63
673
672
Page
618
476
279
635
546
273
545
543
503
603
667
105
106
102
94
95
99
99
99
99
91
91
93
106
102
88
95
95
102
102
102
107
107
107
107
94
107
91
107
107
91
107
,107
107
107
107
107
107
90
107
90
107
107
90
107
91
107
107
107
107
107
107
90
107
90
107
107
107
89
102
90
95
94
92
107
107
89
92
102
92
91
93
111
95
107
107
107
107
93
106
93
106
Name of dye
Brilliant cochineal 4R
Brilliant congo R.-
Brilliant congo blue 5R
Brilliant congo violet R.-
Brilliant cotton blue R..
Brilliant cresyl blue, BB
Brilliant croceine 3BX extra...
Brilliant delphine blue B..
Brilhant dianil blue 6G
BriUiant fast blue 2G, 3BX
BriUiant geranine B
Brilliant glacier blue
BriUiant helio blue FFR
Brilliant helio green GG
Brilliant indigo B
Brilliant indigo 4B
Brilliant indigo G
BriUiant indigo N, 4BG
BriUiant milling blue B, FG
Brilliant milling green B
BriUiant milling red R_..
BriUiant pure yeUow 6G..-
BrilUant purpurine lOB
Brilliant rhodamine blue R
Brilliant sky blue 5G
BriUiant sky blue 8G, 2RM..
BriUiant sulphon red B, lOB
BriUiant wool blue B, FFR
Brilliant wool scarlet PG
Brilliant wool scarlet P 3R
Brillianton orange R
Brom-indigo FB
Brom-indigo FBP
Cashmere black TN
Cashmere blue TG
Gelatine blue
Gelatine orange
Gelatine red
Gelatine red violet
Gelatine yellow
Chicago red III
Chloramine fast yellow B
Chloramine light gray B, R
Chloramine light violet R
Chloramine red SBS
Chloramine violet FFB
Chloramine yellow GG
Chlorantine fast blue 2GL
Chlorantine fast brown 3GL, RL...
Chlorantine fast gray B
Chlorantine fast green B...
Chlorantine fast violet 2RL, 4BLN.
Chlorantine fast yellow 4GL, RL...
Chlorazol brown RD
Chlorazol fast brown RK
Chlorazol fast orange K, AK
Chlorazol violet R
Chromacetine blue S
Chromal blue GC
Chromanol black RVI
Chromazurine DN, E, G
Chromazurol S l
Chrome brilliant blue G
Chrome brilliant yellow 3Q
Chrome brown RVV
Chrome fast blue FB, BX.
Chrome fast garnet BL
Chrome fast phosphine R
Chrome fast yellow 5RP
Chrome garnet B
r'hrome green BD, GD
Chrome oHve .TCSB
Chrome printing blue G
Chrome printing red B, Y
Chrome sky blue B
Chrome violet
Chrome yelloe CR
Chromocitronine R. V
Chromocitronine 3R
Chromorhodine BB, BN, BR, 6GN.
Chromorosamine 2B
Schultz
No.
81
370
368
"541"
182
562
81
881
881
358
"617"
627
552
554
"iss"
557
"140'
621
227
622
541
118
501
885
881
503
400
91
107
107
107
94
89
94
92
107
88
91
111
111
100
100
100
103
102
91
91
107
90
111
92
107
89
93
88
102
111
100
100
102
102
107
107
107
107
107
89
108
108
108
90
108
94
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
94
93
106
106
93
106
106
89
106
106
106
106
106
92
106
106
106
106
93
106
89
106
106
106
114
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Name of dye
Chrornovesuvine RA
Chromoxane azurol BD
Chromoxane brilliant blue Q
Chromoxane brilliant violet SB...
Chrysoidine BL base...
Chrysophosphine 2G
Ciba blue 2BD
Ciba Bordeaux B
Ciba gray B
Ciba heliotrope B
Ciba orange G
Ciba pink B
Ciba pink BG
Ciba printing black B, G
Ciba red G
Ciba red 3B
Ciba red R
Ciba scarlet G extra
Ciba violet B, R '
Cibanone black B, 2G ^..
Cibanone blue G
Cibanone blue 2G_
Cibanone brown B
Cibanone brown R
Cibanone green G
Cibanone orange R
Cibanone orange 3R, 6R
Cibanone red C, O
Cibanone yellow R
Cloth fast red GRG
Cloth fast yellow G
Cloth red G
C oerulein S
Columbia blue G
Columbia blue R.
Columbia fast leather brown BX.
Columbia fast leather brown QX_
Columbia fast leatlier brown RX.
Columbia fast leather brown 3R--
Columbia red O 3B
Congo brown G
Congo orange G
Congo orange R
Congo rubine B
Corioflavine GOOO
Corioflavine RROt)0-_
Coriophosphine OX
Corvoline BT
Cotonerol A, AV
Cotton black E
Cotton black RW
Cotton blue No. 2...
Cotton blue R
Cotton pink BN
Cotton |)ink GN
Cotton red 4BX
Cotton scarlet extra
Cross dye green B
Cross dye green 2G
Crystal violet, P
Cupranil brown G
Cupranil brown R
Cutchbrown 2R cone.
Cyananthrol BGAOO.
Cyanol extra
Cyanol FF
Dahlia violet
Delphine blue B
Deltapurpurine5B...
Developed brilliant green 3G
Developed green 3Q
Developed fast yellow 2G...
Developed indigo blue 40L
Developed light violet BL_..
Developed light yellow 2G
Developed yellow 20
Developing black B
Developing black OB, OT
Developing black FFN
Developing blue B
Developing blue 2R
Developing pure blue GI/
Schultz
No.
881
919
899
897
911
912
Page
906
918
908
907
901
794
843
795
224
601
387
325
477
315
373
313
609
609
606
463
462
539
649
121
122
363
227
516
476
344
860
546
546
61
022
366
274
308
106
106
93
106
106
106
100
101
101
100
101
101
103
103
101
101
101
101
101
97
99
103
100
103
103
97
103
103
97
102
102
89
93
91
90
108
108
108
108
107
91
90
91
90
94
94
94
111
108
91
91
92
94
90
89
no
110
92
91
108
90
99
92
92
88
94
90
108
108
109
109
;09
109
109
90
90
no
109
89
108
Name of dye
Diamine azo Bordeaux BL
Diamine azo fast Bordeaux BL-__
Diamine azo fast green G
Diamine azo fast violet R
Diamine brilliant blue G
Diamine brilliant Bordeaux R
Diamine brilliant scarlet S
Diamine brilliant violet B
Diamine bronze G
Diamine brown B
Diamine catechine B, G, GR
Diamine fast blue FFB, F3G
Diamine fast Bordeaux 6BS
Diamine fast brown G, GB, R
Diamine fast gray BN
Diamine fast orange EG, ER
Diamine fast pink B, G
Diamine fast red 8BL
Diamine fast red violet FR
Diamine fast rubine FB, RF
Diamine fast scarlet GG
Diamine orange B
Diamine oiange F
Diamine scarlet 3B
Diamine sky blue FV
Diamine steel blue L
Diaminogene extra
Diaminogene blue NA
Diaminogene sky blue N
Diamond black P 2B
Diamond Bordeaux R
DiEynond phosphinc R
Dianil fast orange RR
Dianil fast violet BL
Dianil light red 12 BL
Dianil pure blue PH
Diazamine blue 4R
Diazanil blue BB..
Diazanil pink B
Diazine black G
Diazo blue 2R
Diazo brilliant black B
Diazo brilliant blue 2BL
Diazo brilliant green 3G
Diazo brilliant orange GR, 5G
Diazo brilliant scarlet 2BL, G
Diazo brown G, 3G, 6G, 3R, 3RB.
Diazo fast black SD
Diazo fast black MG
Diazo fast blue 4RW, 6GW
Diazo fast Bordeaux BL
Diazo fast green BL. _
Diazo fast red 3B
Diazo fast violet BL, 3RL
Diazo fast yellow G, 2Q
Diazo geraniue B
Diazo indigo blue 2RL, 3RL
Diazo indigo blue 4GL
Diazo light green BL _
Diazo rubine B
Diazo sky blue 3Q, 3GL
Diazo solamine 1, II, III
Diazo yellow R
Diazophenyl black 3B
Diazophenyl balck V
Diphene blue B
Diphene blue R
Diphenyl brown BBNC, GS
Diphenyl catechine G
Diphenyl catechine R supra
Diphenyl chlorine yellow FF
Diphenyl chrysoine RRC
Diphenvl fast bronze B
Diphenyl fast brown GNC, OF...
Diphenvl fast grav BC _..
Direct lilack KMW
Direct brilliant blue 8B
Direct brown, 3GL
Direct cutch brown GR
Direct fast black B
Direct fast orange K
Direct fr.st orange R
Schultz
No.
418
319
448
349
339 !
373 I
319 1
424
274
273
609
424
273
273
125
273
364
274
695
690
348
206
617
205
392
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
115
Name of dye
Direct fast scarlet SE
Direct gray R
Direct safranine RW
Direct yellow CH
Duranol blue G--
Duranol orange G
Duranol red BB, G, GG
Duranthrene brilliant violet R
Duranthrone red BN... _.
Duranthrene golden orange Y
Durindone red 3B
Eosiue A, NDA
Erica B
Erio fast fuchsine BBL
Erio green B supra
Erio navy blue.
Erio viridine B
Eriochromal gray 5G
Eriochrome azurol BC, BX
Eriochrome black T
Eriochrome blue black G, BC
Eriochrome cyanine RC
Eriochrome flavine A cone
Eriochrome green L -.
Eriochrome red G
Eriocyanine AC
Erioglaucine AP, EP
Erythrosine extra
Ethvl violet
Euchrysine G, GRNTN.,
Excelsior brown
Fancy black .
Fast acid cosine G
Fast acid green BB
Fast acid violet B, R
Fast acid violet RGE
Fast chrome green B
Fast cotton gray BL, GL, VL
Fast cotton green B, G
Fast cotton orange 2RL
Fast cotton pink 2B
Fast cotton red 8BL
Fast cotton rubine B, 3B...
Fast cotton violet 4R
Fast cotton yellow RL
Fast green extra bluish
Fast light red BL, GL
Fast light yellow, 2G, 3G
Fast sulphon black F
Fast sulphon green 2G
Fast sulphon violet 5BS
Flavophosphine G
Formal fast black G .
Foulard discharge blue B
French blue
Fuchsine N
Fur black DG
Fur blue black A, B, SB, SDF
Fur brown NZ, OP, P, FY, 2R, 4R
Fur brown SK, SKG
Fur gray ALA, B
Fur gray brown SLA
Fur red brown 6R .
Fur yellow 2G, 4G
Furrol yellow brown G
Gallazine#90
Gallo violet DF
Gallophenine D, P
Qeranine G
Golden orange I
Golden yellow VIII
Grelanone brown RR
Grelanone orange RB
Grelanone red 2B
Grelanone scarletO...
Grelanone violet BR, 3B
Grelanone yellow G
Guinea brown 2R
Guinea fast green B._
Guinea fast red BL, 2BL
Guinea fast red 2R
Schultz
No.
279
681
820
831
760
918
587
121
Page
503
551
183
180
553
531
506
592
518
608
283
217
581
580
582
296
523
19
264
182
609
512
923 i
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
923
645
635
658
118
503
94
90
95
107
90
109
109
109
96
101
93
88
102
93
102
91
100
93
89
89
93
106
106
106
92
92
93
92
94
90
89
93
102
93
93
106
109
109
109
109
90
109
109
90
92
102
88
89
102
89
94
109
109
102
92
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
101
94
94
94
88
109
109
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
91
102
Name of dye
Guiaea light blue SE.
Half wool blue 3R.
Hansa green G
Hansa orange R
Hansa red B
Hansa yellow G
Hansa yellow 5G
Hansa yellow lOG, R
Helindone black B
Helindone black IBB, IBR
Helindone blue IBCS
Helindone blue IGCD
Helindone blue I 3G
Helindone blue I RS
Helindone blue 3R..
Helindone brilliant blue IR
Helindone brilliant violet IBBK__
Helindone brilliant violet IRK
Helindone brown AN
Helindone brown CM, C 3R
Helindone brown G
Helindone brown IG, IGG
Helindone brown IR, IRT
Helindone brown I 3R
Helindone brown 2R
Helindone claret red B
Helindone corinth IRK
Helindone dark blue IBO
Helindone fast scarlet C
Helindone fast scarlet B, G
Helindone fast scarlet R...
Helindone golden orange IG, DIG.
Helindone golden orange IRRT...
Helindone golden orange I 3R
Helindone green G
Helindone green IG, IGG..
Helindone olive IR
Helindone orange I 4R
Helindone orange R
Helindone pink AN, BN...
Helindone pink B
Helindone pink R
Helindone pink IB
Helindone printing black RD
Helindone red B
Helindone red BB, CR
Helindone red IBN
Helindone red DIBN.IRK..
Helindone red 3B
Helindone red lOG
Helindone red 15 GK
Helindone reddish brown IR
Helindone reddish violet IRH
Helindone violet B, 2B, R
Helindone violet IB
Helindone violet IBN
Helindone yellow AGC
Helindone yellow CA
Helindone yellow IG
Helindone vellow IGK
Helindone yellow I 3RT
Helindone yellow 3GN, IRK
Helio bordeaux BL
Helio fast rubine LBK
Helio fast violet AL, 2RL
Helio fast yellow H 5G, H lOG
Helio marine RL
Helio red RMT.._
Hvdron black B
Hydron blue G, R
Ilydvon Bordeaux B, R
Hydron brown G, R
Hydron green, B, G
Hvdron navy blue C
Hydron olive GN. R
Hydron orange RF
Hydron pink FB
Hvdron pink FF
Hydron scarlet 2B. 3B
Hvdron skv blue FK
Hydron violet B, R
Schultz
No.
858
842
840
821
820
873
904
902
870
763
907
915
760
761
892
833
762
913
910
917
831
831
918
873
918
920
768
832
759
849
817
810
913
Page
109
111
HI
111
111
111
111
103
96
104
100
104
97
97
100
103
101
105
100
105
101
103
100
96
101
103.
101
96
96
105
loa
105
98
96
101
101
104
104
105
104
101
104
9s
98
101
104
104
100
101
101
96
98
95-
104
99
97
104
97
111
111
111
111
111
111
104
95
104
104
101
104
104
101
104
104
104
104
104
116
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Name of dye
Hydron wool brown D
Hydron wool olive B
Hydron wool yellow G
Hydron yellow NF
Immedial brown RR
Immedial direot blue B
Immedial indogene GCL
Immedial purple C
Immedial violet C
Imperial scarlet 3B
Indanthrene black BB
Indanthrene black BOA
Indanthrene blue BCD
Indanthrene blue BCS
Indanthrene blue BGCS
Indanthrene blue GCD
Indanthrene blue GGSP
Indanthrene blue GGSZ
Indanthrene blue 3Q
Indanthrene blue RS. RSP
Indanthrene blue WB
Indanthrene blue RC, RHZ, RZ...
Indanthrene blue green B
Indanthrene Bordeaux B
Indanthrene brilliant blue R
Indanthrene brown B
Indanthrene brown R
Indanthrene brown 3R
Indanthrene copper R
Indanthrene curinth RK
Indanthrene dark blue BO
Indanthrene golden orange G
Indanthrene golden orange RRT
Indanthrene golden orange 3R
Indanthrene pink B...
Indanthrene red BN
Indanthrene red brown R
Indanthrene red violet RRK, RRN.
Indanthrene scarlet GS
Indanthrene violet BN
Indanthrene violet RR..
Indanthrene yellow G
Indian yellow FF -..
Indigo, synthetic
Indigo 4B
Indigo 6B.
Indigosol DH
Indigosol O, OIB
Indochromine BR, RR
Indocyanine B
Indoine A_.-
Induline NN -.-
Ink blue BITN --
lonamiue A, B, H, L, GA, KA,MA
lonamine red GA, KA
Janus brown B
Janus green B
Japan black ,
Jasmine, high, cone
Katigene bronze LX
Katigene brown VR
Katigene deep black BN, FGC.TN.
Katigene indigo CLGG, FR..
Kitisene orange O
Katigene yellow brown RLX, 3 RLX
Kiton blue A
Kiton fast red 4BL_
Kiton fast violet lOB
Kiton fast yellow 3G
Kiton pure blue V.
Kryo?ene violet 3RX
Leather black TBO
Leather brown A
Leather yellow A
Lithol fast orange R.
Lithol fast yellow 5G
Lithol fast yellow lOQ...
Lithol fast vellow lOGL
Magenta AB, lA, S
Malachite green
Malta gray J
Schultz
No
725
724
733
247
765
842
841
840
838
850
765
828
813
870
763
760
761
831
873
871
762
832
767
849
141
874
881
883
876
876
667
705
126
699
435
124
528
19
543
754
283
606
512
495
681
104
104
104
104
95
95
95
110
110
89
96
104
104
104
104
99
99
104
96
98
104
100
100
105
97
100
96
96
96
105
105
98
100
100
96
98
96
99
89
100
100
100
100
100
95
95
89
95
102
109
109
91
88
111
89
110
110
110
110
111
110
92
102
92
88
92
95
111
90
94
111
111
111
111
92
91
95
Name of dye
ISchultz p
I No. l^^^^
Mandarin yellow
Mars red ATX
Martius yellow
Meldola's blue 3R cone
Metachrome blue black 2BK.-.
Metachrome brilliant blue 2BL-
Metachrome brilliant blue 8RL.
Metachrome brown 6G
Metachrome green G, 3Q
Metachrome olive B, D, 2G
Metachrome olive brown G
Metachrome red G
Metachrome violet B, 2R
Methyl blue MBS
Methyl Lyons blue
Methyl silk blue new
Methyl violet base
Methyl violet NFB
Methyl violet 5R
Methylene blue BG, NB
Methylene blue 3G
Methylene gray B
Methylene green G
^Methylene heliotrope
Methylene yellow II
Milling orange G
Mining yellow O, 03G
Milling yellow F 3G, R
Mikado yellow
Minaxo black BBNX
Minaxo blue4RX
Minaxo claret BXX
Minaxo green BX
Minaxo light black EB
Minaxo light blue G
Minaxo light gray EB
Minaxo light pink BBX
Minaxo pure blue 6B
Modern gray RCN
Modern green N
Modern heliotrope DH
Modern royal blue
Modern violet. .-
Modern violet N
Mordant vellow G
Nako B, DR, PS, RH
Nako black DBB
Naivo gray B
Naphthalene green V.
Naphthamine fast brown BL
Naphthamine light brown 2G
Naphthamine yellow BNF
Naphthogene V)lue B
Naphthol black BGN
Naphtholred GR
Naphthylamine black D
Neolan blue 2G
Neophosphi ne G
Neptune blue BGX.
Neptune blue BR
New acid green 3BX
New Bordeaux RX
New methylene blue N, NS
New methylene NSS..
New yellow extra cone
Night blue
Nigrosine T
Nigrosine wax D
Oil red G _
Omega chrome brown G...
Omega chrome brown PB
Omega chrome claret..
Onis3B
Onis violet BB
Opal blue
Orange G
Orange I
Orseille red V
Oxamine black BBNX
Oxamine claret BBX
Oxamine light blue G
INDEX TO TABLE OF DYE IMPORTS
117
Name of dye
Schultz
No.
Page
109
109
109
91
109
90
106
106
111
109
92
92
94
94
94
94
94
94
111
94
94
89
102
102
91
109
92
92
91
109
96
90
91
109
110
110
110
95
95
110
95
93
94
94
94
102
102
102
102
110
110
110
110
110
110
109
89
89
94
93
93
93
93
93
HI
93
111
93
111
111
94
110
110
93
93
93
93
93
93
95
95
Name of dye
Schult2
No.
Page
Oxamine light pink BBX
Rosolane 0
687
607
679
120
82
496
500
95
Oxydiamine brown G...
Runic AL.
94
Oxydiamine brown 3QN-
Safranine B cone
95
Oxydiamine brown KRS
476
Salmon red
88
Oxydiamine brown RN
Scarlet RR
88
Oxydiamine violet BF...
326
Setoglaucine .
91
Palatine chroinate black B . _ ...
Setopaline
91
Palatine chrome brilliant violet B..
Silk blue BT5B
102
Paper fast Bordeaux B
Silver gray P... . . .
700
95
Parasulphon brown Q, V
Solamine I, II, III
110
Patent blue A
545
543
606
606
606
606
608
608
Solochrome brown MO ...
106
Patent blue V
Soluble blue T
539
64
92
Patent phosphine G. .
Sorrel red X
88
Patent phosphine 2G
Spirit fast red 5B
111
Patent phosphine M
Stilbene yellow 3 G X . .
10
88
Patent phosphine R (I)
Stone fast orange R
111
Patent phosphine GRNTN
Stone fast scarlet RN
73
88
Patent phosphine RRDX
Stone fast yellow 5G._
111
Permanent red F 3R, F 6R
Stone fast yellow lOG
111
Philadelphia yellow 2G
606
606
220
Stone fast vellow lOGL .
111
Phosphine 0, 3R..
Sudan AB, OB
111
Pilatus black SF
1 Sulphide black BL
110
Polar orange R--
Sulphide brown S
110
Polar red G, 3B
Sulphide direct blue GR
110
Polyphenyl blue GC...
471
Sulphide green BL, GL
110
Polyphenyl blue GS
Sulphide new blue BL, CL, JL
110
Poseidon blue BGX
543
545
503
Sulphide violet V
110
Poseidon blue BRX, BXX
Sulpho rosazeine B
579
93
Poseidon green SGX-.
Sulpho rosazeine G
102
Pure yellow I..
Sulphon cvanine G
257
89
Purpurine..
783
304
392
Sulphon orange G
102
Pyramine yellow GX .
Sulphon yellow G, 5G, R
102
Pvrazol orange G
Sulphonine black B.
265
720
89
Pvrazol orange R .
Sulphur black AWL
95
Pvrogene brilliant blue 6B
Sulphur black TBF
HO
Pvrogene brown G _ _
Sulphur black brown GL
HO
Pvrogene cutch brown 2R
Sulphur brilliant blue CLB..
110
Pyrogene direct blue
726
746
Sulphur brilliant blue CL2R
110
Pvrogene green 3G, GK
Sulphur brown CLG...
110
Pvrogene violet brown X
Sulphur brown CL4R
110
Pvrogene vellow M
734
568
612
613
613
Sulphur catechu G
110
Pvronine Q
Sulphur corinth CLB
110
Quinoline yellow
Sulphur olive brown A
110
Quinoline vellow cone . .
Sulphur vellow G
110
Quinoline yellow N, KT
Supra light vellow 2GL
22
88
Radio black SB... .
Supraminc black BR_
102
Radio brown B.__
Supramine Bordeaux B
102
Radio red VB.__
Supramine brown G, R
102
Radio yellow R...
Supramine green G
102
Rapid fast Bordeaux B
Supramine red B, 2G, 3B_.
102
Rapid fast orange RG
Supramine yellow G
103
Rapid fast red B, BB
Supramine yellow R
103
Rapid fast red GL, GZ
Tannin heliotrope
685
74
95
Rapid fast red 3GL
Tannin orange R
88
Rapid fast vellow G
Tannocvanine B
111
Red I, HI, V
Tero black FB
111
Reddish brown castor
160
211
607
573
572
570
571
571
Tero carmine FB
111
Resorcin brown F .
Tero red FG
111
Rheonine AL .
Tero yellow FR
111
Rhodamine B extra
Thioflavine T, TCN
618
904
913
94
Rhodamine G .
Thloindigo brown G
101
Rhodamine S
Thioindigo orange R
101
Rhodamine 6G
Thloindigo pink RN
104
Rhodamine 6GDN
Thioindigo red B
912
918
907
905
101
Rhodamine blue GG, 3G0
Thioindigo red 3B
101
Rhodamine scarlet G
576
Thioindigo scarlet 2G
101
Rhodamine sky blue 3G
Thioindigo scarlet R
101
Rhoduline orange NO .
603
Thional brilliant blue 6BS
110
Rhoduline sky blue BB
Thionine blue Q, GO
661
661
94
Rhoduline sky blue 3G
Thionine blue Q old
94
Rhoduline vellow T, 6G
618
Thionol brown O, R..
HO
Rosanthrene orange R .
Toluylene fast brown 2R
110
Rosanthrene violet 5R
Toluylene fast brown 3G
110
Rosazeine B extra . .
573
572
571
571
570
597
673
672
392
362
358
26
194
449
457
498
91
Rosazeine G extra
Toluylene orange R
90
Rosazeine 6G
90
Rosazeine 6GD
88
89
Rosazeine S
Trident red RXX
Rose bengale B .
91
Rosinduline 2B bluish
Trisulphon brown GG... .
91
Rosinduline GXF 1
Turquoise blue, BB, Q
91
47285— 25t 9
118
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Name of dye
Schultz
No.
Typophor black FB_..
Typophor carmine FB
Typophor red FQ
Typophor yellow FR
Ultra corinth B
Ultra cyanine RB
Ultra cyanol B
Ultra orange R
Union black S
Universal blue C
Universal Bordeaux C
Universal brovs^n C.
Universal dark blue C
Universal dark brown C
Universal dark green C
Universal gray C
Universal heliotrope C
Universal leather brown C
Universal light blue C
Universal olive blue C
Universal olive brown C.
Universal scarlet C
Universal steel blue C
Universal violet C
Universal yellow C
Vat black BB...
vat blue BCD, BCS
Vat blue GC, GCN
Vat blue GCD, GCDN
vat blue GGSL, GGSP, GGSZ....
Vat blueSG (B)
Vat blue 3G, 3QP, 5Q
vat blue IQGSNL, IRL
Vat blue RK
Vat blue RS, RSP
vat blue SOT
Vat Bordeaux B
Vat Bordeaux B extra
Vat brilliant orange FR
Vat brilliant violet BBK
Vat brilliant violet BR
Vat brilliant violet R, RK
vat brilliant violet RR
Vat brilliant violet RRT..
Vat brown G, QG
Vat brown 3R
Vat brown R, RT, IR
Vat corinth R, RK
Vat dark blue BO
Vat fast scarlet G
Vat golden orange G
Vat golden orange RRT
Vat golden orange 3G
Vat golden orange 3R
Vat gray 3B, BTR, RRH
Vat gray K, GK, BR
Vat green BB
Vat green G, OG _
Vat khaki C
Page
644
58
462
319
459
344
474
415
349
349
363
423
327
617
765
843
842
841
840
844
839
827
822
821
820
820
767
767
870
763
760
761
834
847
111
111
111
HI
106
94
106
88
91
no
90
110
91
90
91
110
110
110
91
90
90
90
91
90
94
96
104
99
98
99
105
103
97
97
97
96
96
105
105
100
100
96
103
105
105
105
105
104
Name of dye
Vat olive R
Vat orange FR
Vat orange I 4R, 4R
Vat orange R, RRK
Vat orange 6RTK
Vat orange RRT
Vat pink AN, BN
Vat pink B
Vat printing black BR...
Vat red FF, R.
Vat red GG
Vat red 5G, 5GK
Vat red R (B)_-_
Vat red BN, RK, RKP..
VatredSB
Vat red violet RH
Vat red violet RRK
Vat scarlet G...
Vat violet B
Vat violet BN
Vat violet R
Vat violet for lakes
Vat yellow G
Vat yellow GC
Vat yellow GK
Vat yellow GP
Vat yellow 5G
Vat vellow 6G, 6GD
Vat yellow RK
Vat yellow 3RT
Vesuvine BL, BLX
Victoria blue B
Victoria blue R
Victoria pure blue BO
Water blue
Wool black GRF
Wool black 6B
Wool black BR
Wool blue 2B, 5B, G
Wool brown AF
Wool fast blue BL
Wool fast scarlet cone
W ool fast yellow G
Wool green S
Wool violet RC
Xvlene blue AE, AS
Xylene blue VS
Xylene fast green B
Xylene light yellow 2G..
Xylene light yellow R
Xylene milling blue AE.
Xylene niilling orange R.
Xvlene milling red B
Yellow JG__.
Zambesi black D, F, V..
Zambesi brown 2G, 4R...
Zambesi pink B extra
Zambesi red B
PART IV
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
OTHER THAN THOSE OF COAL-TAR
ORIGIN, 1924
119
Part IV
CENSUS OF SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS OTHER THAN
THOSE OF COAL-TAR ORIGIN, 1924
Introduction
Beginning with 1921 the Tariff Commission has compiled an
annual census of synthetic organic chemicals other than those of
coal-tar origin. This census has shown, in all cases where the
figures could be published without disclosing the operations of the
individual producer, tiie quantity of production and the amount
and value of sales.
As the Bureau of the Census collects data for the more important
noncoal-tar organic compounds the commission has not attempted
to collect statistics on such, except on a few compounds where the
importance of the industry or the conditions appeared to warrant
a departure from this pfactice.
The production in 1924 of synthetic organic chemicals other than
those derived from coal tar was 115,817,865 pounds, compared with
90,597,712 pounds in 1923. Sales in 1924 amounted to 85,933,461
pounds, valued at $20,604,717.
The present report follows the precedent established in 1921 of
omitting certain types of compounds classifiable in three groups:
(1) Aliphatic compounds derived from natural sources by isolation,
distillation, extraction, hydrolysis, or purification. Examples of these
are alkaloids, constituents of essential oils, sugars, and acids such
as stearic and tartaric. (2) Cyanides, cyanamides, or carbides of
metals or of inorganic radicals. (3) Products obtainable from other
sources.
Developments in the Industry
Before the World War the United States produced only a few
synthetic organic chemicals of noncoal-tar origin. Among those
manufactured and used in comparatively large quantities were ace-
tone, chloroform, ether, acetic acid, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde,
amyl acetate, and vanillin.
During the period from 1914-1924, inclusive, there was a remark-
able expansion in this branch of the chemical industry. At present
it supplies our entire requirements of many materials used as pharma-
ceuticals, disinfectants, perfumes, flavors, rubber accelerators, photo-
graphic developers, solvents, varnishes, as well as other kinds of
products.
Synthetic aromatic chemicals. — The synthetic organic chemicals
furnish the basic materials for a large number of perfumes and flavors.
Products of this group made on a comparatively large scale show,
in general, increased production in 1924. Those made in small
amounts, and therefore at a higher cost, show a decrease. By con-
tinued research leading to lower costs of production and to the
development of new products American manufacturers should be
able to make further progress in this field of organic chemistry. As
121
122
CENSUS OP DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
in the coal-tar industry, some American producers are gaining
technical advice and knowledge through their business connections
with foreign manufacturers.
Among the S3aithetic aromatic chemicals showing increased pro-
duction is vanillin, the output of which in 1924 was 320,242 pounds,
as compared with 269,941 pounds in 1923. wSales in 1924 amounted
to 301,221 pounds, valued at $1,964,367. Heliotropin also showed
increased production and sales in 1924, tlie output being 34,436
pounds, and sales 26,703 pounds, valued at $51,129. Other products
produced in relatively large amounts and showing increases over
1923 are aubepine, butyl propionate, ethyl propionate, heptalde-
hyde, terpinyl acetate, and triacetin.
Terpineol was produced in smaller quantity in 1924 than in 1923,
the output in the two years being 295,532 pounds and 322,337 pounds,
respectively.
Some of the compounds reported in 1924 but not in 1923 are
amyl heptoate, ethyl maleate, ethyl myristate, ethyl ricinoleate,
furyl acetate, and propyl furoate.
Acetylene derivatives. — Products in this group showing increased
production in 1924 are aldehyde-ammonia, ifeed as an accelerator in
the vulcanization of rubber, and acetaldehydes. The production of
acetylene derivatives is dependent upon a large supply of cheap
electric power for the manufacture of calcium carbide from limestone
and coke. From the carbide is generated acetylene, which in turn
is converted into acetaldehyde in the presence of sulfuric acid and
mercury salt. Acetaldehyde may be converted into acetic acid by
oxidation in the presence of a catalyst. Acetaldehyde was formerly
largely imported, but in 1924 was made in commercial quantities by
an American company using methods similar to those developed
during the war at Shawinigan Falls, Canada.
Acetylene derivatives sliowing decreased production in 1924 are
aldol and paracetaldehyde.
The following chart modeled on a chart published in '' Drug and
Chemical Markets," May 6, 1925, shows some of the derivatives
that may be made starting with acetylene as the raw material.
I iiijnthetic j^rndLucte ■made^rcm acetijleng"
Acefylene
Acetylene blatl<
Acefaldehijde Culirens Hydrogen
A IdehydjB resins
ParaldLeViyde
Aoe+io acidL
Methyl acetate FormaldehydLe
Aldol
E+hyl acetate
AlcLehyde ammonia.
Metald.ehijde
Fumol Cro+onaidehijde
ET-thylidene cLiacetate
Acetone
Acetic anhydride Vinyl acetate
Crotonicacid Butyraldehijd£
Ethyl crotonate Butyric acid.
NONCOAL TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
123
Butanol. — The domestic manufacture of butanol by the fermenta-
tion of corn is the direct result of a war shortage of acetone needed as
a solvent for both nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate. From one
bushel of corn approximately 10-14 pounds of combined solvents
are obtained in the proportion of 60 per cent butanol, 30 per cent
acetone, and 10 per cent ethyl alcohol. Butanol is used as a solvent
and vehicle in the varnish, paint, and pyroxylin industries. Butyl
acetate, manufactured from butanol, is used in large amounts as a
solvent for pyroxylin plastics.
Butanol is reported to be manufactured in the United States
by a process using acetylene as the raw material. The production
of butanol, acetone, and ethyl alcohol in 1923 and 1924 by the
Commercial Solvents Corporation is shown in the following table:
Table 31. — Production of butanol and other solverits by the Commercial Solvents
Corporation
[From Boston News Bureau, February 14, 1925]
Butanol
Acetone
Ethyl
alcohol
1923
First quarter -..
Second quarter
Third quarter - -
Fourth quarter
Total
1924
First quarter
Second quarter
Third quarter
Fourth quarter
Total
Pounds
1,056,025
1, 293, 434
1,031,705
1, 232, 232
Pounds
385, 146
527, 533
366, 640
691, 061
Pounds
304, 616
306, 624
385, 658
202, 762
4,613,396 ' 1,970,380
1, 199, 650
3, 924, 491
2, 490, 517
1,764,903
6, 070, 151
14, 250, 062
1, 775, 954
1, 129, 375
1,017,555
3, 206, 695
436, 179
420, 043
561,272
1, 105, 032
7, 129, 579
2, 522, 526
Chlorine derivatives. — A chlorine compound showing increased
production in 1924 was carbon tetrachloride, the output of which
was 14,275,057 pounds, with sales of 11,698,694 pounds, valued at
$757,007. The production of this compound in 1923 was 13,513,644
pounds. The output of chloroform was 1,301,492 pounds, with sales
of 1,171,699 pounds, valued at $316,297. Both sales and production
of chloroform declined from the 1923 figures. The production of
ethyl chloride was 851,303 pounds with sales of 826,737 pounds,
valued at $181,161.
The following chlorine compounds were also produced in 1924,
but neither production nor sales figures are publishable.
Trichloroethylene .
Dichloromethane.
s-Tetrachloroethane.
Chlorodimethyl ether.
Ethyl chorocarbonate.
Ethylene chloride.
Dichloroacetic acid.
Ethyl chloroacetate.
Trichloroethane .
Pentachloroethane.
Propylene chlorohydrin.
1.
Chloracetic acid.
11.
2.
Chloral hydrate.
12.
3.
Methyl chloride.
13.
4.
Hexachloroethane.
14.
5.
Ethylene chlorohvdrin.
15.
6.
Chloretone (trichlorotertiarybutyl
16.
alcohol).
17.
7.
Ethylene dichloride.
18.
8.
Tetrachloroethylene.
19.
9.
Ethyl monochloracetate.
20.
10.
Trichloroacetic acid.
21.
124 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Compounds of the above list for which production was reported
in 1924 but not in 1923 are trichloroacetic acid, ethyl chlorocarbonate,
and trichloroethane.
Petroleum derivatives. — By cracking methods carried out under very
exacting conditions, and in the presence of a catalyzer, it is possible
to obtain unsaturated hydrocarbons from which secondary propyl,
butyl, amyl, and hex}'! alcohols can be prepared. In addition to the
alcohols, the higher molecular weight ketones are also obtained. The
synthetic alcohols produced by the cracking of petroleum are second-
ary and tertiary alcohols, in contradistinction to the fermented
alcohols which are primarj'. Increased commercial production of
these products is expected within the year.
Esters. — Synthetics of this chemical classification showing large
production, are: (1) Ethyl acetate the output of which in 1924 was
27,222,761 pounds, with "'sales of 19,304,384 pounds, valued at $2,-
399,943. (2) Butyl acetate the production of which was 7,095,662
pounds in 1924, as"^ compared with 1,816,086 pounds in 1923. The
unit sales price of butyl acetate declined from 43 cents in 1923 to 31
cents in 1924. (3) Amyl acetate with a production of 1,514,123
pounds in 1924, as compared with 3,207,022 pounds in 1923. The
unit sales price of amyl acetate declined from 55 cents in 1923 to
42 cents in 1924. Butyl acetate and other esters are important
solvents in the production of pyroxylyn plastics and in the varnish
industry. These plastic materials and solvent varnishes are used in
very large quantities hj automobile manufacturers.
Formaldehyde and Jiexamethylenetetramine.- — -The production of
formaldehyde in 1924 was 26,155,175 pounds and the sales 20,-
542,428 pounds, valued at $1,971,053. The largest use of formalde-
hyde is probably in the manufacture of synthetic phenolic resins.
The production of hexamethvlenetetramine in 1924 was 1,288,034
pounds, and sales were 1,274,601 pounds, valued at S932,217. The
largest use of hexamethylenetetramine is as an accelerator in rubber
manufacture. Small quantities are used in medicinals.
Pharmaceuticals. — ^ Chief among the chemicals in this group show-
ing large production in 1924 is ethyl ether, with a production of
5,314,928 pounds, and sales amounting to 4,678,474 pounds, valued
at $1,226,794. Its largest use is probably as a solvent, but consider-
able quantities are used as an anaesthetic. Other medicinals show-
ing an increase in production in 1924 over 1923 are chloral hydrate,
glycerophosphoric acid and salts, terpin hj'drate, iodobehenic acid
and its calcimn and uon basic compounds.
Medicinals showing a decrease in production from 1923 are chaul-
moogric ester and heroin. The latter compound, however, showed
an increase in sales, the total sales in 1924 amounting to 1,046
pounds, valued at $181,087, as compared with 1,000 pounds, valued
at $118,433 in 1923.
Medicinals reported in 1924 but not in 1923 are amytal (isoamyl-
ethylbarbituric acid) and isomenthol. The production of isomenthol
is one of the achievements of the year, for in the past this country has
been dependent upon imports of natural menthol from Japan,
American peppermint oil being too high priced to use in menthol
manufacture.
Tetraethyl lead. — This product, reported for the first time in 1923,
shows a large increase in output in 1924. From July, 1924, up to
NONCOAL TAK SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS 125
the time its manufacture was discontinued in May, 1925, the pro-
duction of tetraethyl lead was reported to be one and three-fourths
million pounds.^
This compound decreases the reaction velocity of gasoline combus-
tion, which in turn reduces the "knock" of the engine in operation
and thereby makes it possible to use engines of a higher compression
ratio with a consequent increase in the mileage per gallon of gaso-
line consumed. Ethyl gasoline is ordinary gasoline which contains
about 0.06 per cent of tetraethyl lead and 0.04 per cent of ethylene
dibromide (a halogen carrier) by volume.
The use of compounds which reduce the consumption of motor
fuel per mile and permit the design and operation of more efficient
engines will undoubtedly increase in the future. The general distribu-
tion of ethyl gasoline to the public was discontinued early in May,
1925, until a time when the question of the health hazard involved in
its use is determined. A conference called for this purpose in Wash-
ington, May 20, 1925, under the direction of the Surgeon General of
the Public Health Service, adopted a resolution authorizing the Sur-
geon General to appoint a committee to investigate and report upon
its findings as to the health hazard involved in the use oi this lead
compound.
Investigation of Oxalic Acid and Barbital (Diethylbarbi-
TURic Acid) Under Section 315
Oxalic acid.— The investigation by the Tariff Commission of the
foreign and domestic costs of production of oxalic acid was com-
pleted in 1924 and the President issued a proclamation December
29, 1924, under the provisions of section 315 of the tariff act of 1922
increasing the duty on oxalic acid from 4 cents per pound to 6 cents
per pound, the maximum increase permissible within the limits of
section 315 of the tariff act of 1922. It had been found that the
differences in costs of production in the United States and Germany,
the principal competing country, were greater than the duty of 4
cents a pound and slightly greater than the maximum duty permis-
sible under section 315, namely, 6 cents a pound.
Oxalic acid is used chiefly in laundries as an acid rinse, and to a
lesser extent in the dyeing and printing of textiles. Prior to the
war it was produced by only one domestic concern, the maximum
output being 2,000,000 pounds a year manufactured by the sawdust
and caustic potash process. During the war the synthetic process
(sodium formate process), which had been previously developed in
Germany, was adopted and commercial production is now carried on
by this process in the United States as well as in foreign countries.
The production of oxalic acid in 1924 shows a small increase over
1923. Sales increased in quantity in 1924 but decreased in value
from 1923 because of the decline in the price per pound.
Barbital (diethylharhituric acid). — The investigation by the Tariff
Commission of the foreign and domestic costs of production of
diethylbarbituric acid and its salts and compounds was completed
in 1924, and the President issued a proclamation November 14, 1924,
under the provisions of section 315 of the tariff act of 1922 changing
> statement made at a conference in Washington, May 20, 1925, under the direction of the Surgeon
General of the United States.
47285— 25t 10
126 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
the basis of assessment from the foreign market value to the American
selhng price. The investigation had disclosed the fact that the
differences in costs of production in the United States and Switzerland,
the principal competing country, could not be equalized by increasing
the duty 50 per cent of the existing ad valorem rate of 25 per cent
based upon the foreign valuation, in which case the law provides that
the duty shall be based upon the American selling price.
Barbital and its salts and compounds are widely used hypnotics.
Barbital was not produced in the United States prior to the World
War. The 1924 production and sales of diethylbarbituric acid showed
a decline from 1923.
Foreign Developments
Methanol. — One of the outstanding developments in the field of
synthetic organic chemistry in recent years is Germany's commercial
production of methanol in 1924. The United States with its large
wood-distillation industry has in the past produced and exported
large quantities of methanol, but in February, 1925, 62,971 gallons,
valued at $29,420; in March, 59,894 gallons, valued at $26,976; and
in April, 9,012 gallons, valued at $5,201, were imported into this
country. It has been predicted that increased imports will force
many wood distillation plants to close and others to operate on a
reduced scale. In 1923 the wood-distillation industry oi the United
States employed 4,685 persons, and its production was valued at
$29,695,423. In 1919 the capital investment in the wood-distillation
industry, as reported by the Bureau of the Census, was $42,334,503.
Synthetic methanol is made in Germany from carbon monoxide and
hydrogen under pressure, using zinc oxide as a catalyst. The
quality of the product is equal to the best grades produced by wood
distillation.
Butyl alcohol. — Considerable amounts of normal butyl alcohol are
now being made in Germany by a catalytic process. In January
and February, 1925, imports totaled 365,737 pounds, valued at
$76,770. The imported butyl alcohol competes with domestic butyl
alcohol made by fermentation.
Glass substitute.'^ — This material under the trade name ''PoUopas,"
is a condensation product of urea and formaldehyde. It was de-
scribed by its inventor, before the Union of Austrian Chemists, as
being colorless, transparent, capable of being cut and polished, more
resistant than glass against breakage, and suitable for lenses, auto-
mobile shields, lamp shades, and many other objects.
1 Cliemiker Zeitung, August 14 and 20, 1924.
NONCOAL TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
127
Table 32. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 192^
(Not derived from coal tar)
[The numbers in the second column refer to the numbered alphabetical list of manufacturers printed on
page 211. An X indicates that the manufacturer did not consent to the publication of his nrme in con-
nection with the particular product. A blank in the third and fourth columns indicates that these sales
can not he published without revealing information in regard to the sales of individual firms. A blank
in the sixth column indicates that the production can not be published without revealing information
in regard to the output of individual firms. The details thus withheld are, however, included in the
totals]
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
according to list on
p. 211
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average '
price per
pound
Total
production
Total
Pounds
85, 933, 461
$20, 604, 717
$0.24
Pounds
115,817,865
31,70, 108, 150
278, 967
66
177
150
Aldol " (Acetaldol) (b-Hydrosy-
31
butyraldehyde) .
Allvl alcohol -- -
195
_
195 - - - --
195
195 .
195
35
195
Alphozone (disuccinyl peroxide)
164
183
Amyl acetate and sec. amyl
acetate.
Amyl alcohol and sec. amyl
alcohol.
11, 60, 70, 74, 98, 107,
131, 177, 179, 191, X,
X X.
74, 98, 151, 177, X, X
954, 589
399,411
.42
1, 514, 123
149, 654
74
146
74
70
Amytal Cisoamylethylbarbituric
acid).
105
70
74 .
Aubepine (anisaldehyde)
Barbital (veronal) (diethylbar-
bituric acid).
26. 27, 70, 73, 93, 166, 178.
1,17
8,676
28,599
3.30
9,878
17
129
Bronietone (tribromotertiarybu-
X
tyl alcohol).
108
17 .
Butanol (n-butyl alcohol)
Butyl acetate (n and sec.)..
X
1
11, 60, 66, 70, 74, 98,
107,120,177,179,191,
X, X.
X
2, 171, 354
674, 378
.31
7, 095, 662
31
66 .
146
66
188 X
X
131, X
108
66,70,108,131
675
11, 698, 694
2,344
757, 007
3.47
.07
902
59, 130a, 186
14, 275, 057
17
Chloral hvdrate
116, X
Chloretone (trichlorotertiarybu-
tyl alcohol) .
Chloroacetic acid (mono)
X
59 60 - ...
20, 25, 59, X
1, 171, 669
316, 297
.27
1, 301, 492
17
70
70
70
172
Citronellol
70, 93, 180
536
3,526
6.58
766
26, 70, 166
95
Crotonicacid
31
::::::::::
128 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 32. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
according to list on
p. 211
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Cyanacetic acid sodium salt. .
17....
Pounds
Pounds
Decyl alcohol..
70 ..
Decyl aldehyde •_.
70
Dibromin (dibromomalonylure-
X..
ide).
Dibromobehenate of calcium ..
17
n-Dibutyl:imine
1
Dichloroacetic acid.
59
Dichloroethvlether. .
31
Dichlorornethane. .
59
Dichloropentanole..
17
Diethanolamine...
31
Diethylacetic acid
17
Diethylamine. (See Interme-
diates.)
b-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol.
(See Intermediates.)
Diethylbromoacetvl bromide .
17
Diethyl malonate (malonic ester).
Diethyl sulfate. .
1, 17, 167
1 "
41,477
31....
Dihydrovanillone..
70
Dihydroxycitronnellic ketone
70..
Diiodohydroxypropane
17 .
Dihydroxytartaric acid
29, 141...
Dimethylamine. (See interme-
diates.)
Dimethylelyoxime
66
1:3-Diinethylxanthine sodium
17
acetate.
Duodecvl alcohol
70...
Duodecyl aldehyde
70
Erucic acid
17
Ethanolamine...
31
Ethhydroxy acetic acid
17
[
Ethyl acetate (85 per cent)
Ethyl acetoacetate
11, 60, 70, 71, 107, 120,
177, 179, 180, 191, X,
X.
177
19, 304, 384
$2, 399, 943
$0.12
27, 222, 761
Ethyl bromide-
17, 59, 60, 108, 192
Ethyl butyrate..
27, 74, 131, 177, 180, X,
X, X.
177
Ethyl carbonate... .
Ethyl chloride.
59, 73, 78, 108, 150, 177,
X, X, X.
59
826, 737
181, 161
.22
851, 303
Ethyl chloroacetate
Ethyl chlorocarbonate
177...
Ethyl ether (U. S. P. and tech-
nical).
Ethyl formate.
60, 108, 111, 143, 163,
177, 191, X.
70. 108, 131, 177, X
146
4,678,474
1,767
1, 226, 794
1,231
.26
.70
5,314,928
1,664
Ethyl furoate..
Ethyl glvcolic acid ester of
17.
menthol.
Ethvl iodide...
66, 108, 116, 143, 167...-
74
163
932
5.72
371
Ethyl isobutyrate..
Ethyl iso valerate
70, 74, 131, X
392
Ethyl lactate..
70, 74, 177 .. ..
Ethyl laurate...
70, 74 L.
Ethyl maleate
177. 1
Ethyl malonate (mono)
1, 70... !.
Ethyl monoehloroacetate
59, 177 ...|
Ethvl mvristate
74. . !
Ethyl nitrite . .
108, 143, 191, X
70, 131, 180, X
34, 325
4, 220
26, 322
7,176
.77
1.70
31,877
Ethyl oenanthate
4,508
Ethyl oxalate...
70,177
Ethvl pelargonate
27,70,X . . ..
561
Ethyl propionate
70, 180,X,X
725
1,450
2.00
Ethvl ricinoleate
74
Ethyl n-valerate
70,X
Ethylene.
177
Ethylene bromide
108 1
Ethylene chloride
59' . 1
Ethylene chlorohydrin
31, 59
Ethylene diamine
31
Ethylene dibromide
59
Ethylene dichloride
31,59
Ethyleneglycol
31
Ethylene oxide
31 1
XONCOAL TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS 129
Table 32. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
according to list on
p. 211
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
Eugenol
74 -- -.
Pounds
Pounds
Formaldehyde
55, 87, 132, 150, X
182...
20,542,428
$1,971,053
$0.10
26 155, 175
Formic acid (65 per cent)
Furfural
146
Furfuramide -
146
Furfuran (furan)
146
Furfurin
146
Furoic acid-
146
Furyl acetate
146
Furyl alcohol
146 i
Gallic acid
66,108,194
550, 378
Geranyl acetate
26, 70, 93, 166, X
70,93
325
1,775
5.46
Geranyl butyrate.
Geranyl formate
70,93,166.
Geranyl propionate
70
Glycerol acetate
98
Glycerol diacetate -
73
Qlycerophosphoric acid and salts
132, X
Glycol diacetate
31
Quaiacol acetate.
70 —
Guanidine sulfate
17
26,70,73
26, 703
51, 129
1.92
34, 43&
Heptadecvl aldehyde
70 -
Heptaldehyde
70,74,125
Heptaldehyde ammonia
X
Heptoic acid..
74
66,70
Hepty lideneeth vlamine
X -
Heroin (diacetylmorphine)
108,128,143...
1,046
181,087
i73. 12
848
Hexachloroethane
59
Hexadecyl alcohol
70..
Hexadecyl aldehyde
70
70 .-
Hexamethylenete tramine
87,132,150
1, 274, 601
932, 217
.73
1, 288, 034
Hexamethylenetetramineanhy-
17
dromethylenecitrate.
Hydroxy citronellal .
172
17
lodobehenate of iron basic
17
lodobehenic acid
17
108,116,128,143
70, 114, 180, X..
12,500
68,658
5.49
louone
17, 995
27, 70, 74, 131, 177, X, X
70
7,411
9,913
1.34
7,284
Isoamvl formate
Isoam vl isovalerate
70, 74, 131, X
620
1,510
2.44
764
Isoamyl nitrite . ....
108 ....
70, 74, 131, 177
98
185
1.89
113
Isobutyl alcohol
177
Isobutvl butyrate
70, 74 ..
Isobutyl n-butyrate.. . . . . .
177 ....
70
Isobutyl isobutyrate..
74
Isobutyl propionate . .
70, 177..- . .
Iso butyraldehvde . . .
70
Isobutyric acid
74
Isoeugenol
27, 70, 74, 93, 181 .. .
Isomenthol . . . . . .
128
70,177
Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol)..
31, 177, 195, X.. .'
Isovaleric acid
74, 131
Jasmone ketone .....
70
Lactic acid
183
Linalyl acetate
70, 93, 166, 178
463
3,661
7.91
461
70
Linalyl formate .
70, 166, 178
11
126
11.45
19
70
70
Methyl acetate
74, 177, 191. .....
70, 177
Methyl chloride
150
70, 166
177
Methvl furoate
146 ...
166
70
Methyl oxalate
70
-•••>-•••••*
130 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 32. — Production and sales of synthetic organic chemicals, 1924 — Continued
Manufacturers' iden-
tification number
according to list on
p. 211
Sales
Name
Quantity
Value
Average
price per
pound
Total
production
70
Pounds
Pounds
Methyl sulfate
X
17. .
180 1
70
70..
70
70
70
70, 178
166 . -
n-Octvl alcohol (capryl alcohol). -
70
70
70, 93...
166
134, 182 ."
31, 101 ..
87, 150 -.
,•
31
35
Piperonone (plperinic ketone)...
70
70
70
X
::::::::::::
70, 177
177, 195
146
70 .
70
31
31
Pyrogallol (pyrogallic acid)
66, 108, 194.
238, 587
29
66,161
Rhodinol .
70,93, 166, 178, 180, X.
70, 166
1,869
$34,443
$18. 43
3,779
Rhodinyl butyrate
70
Rhodinvl formate.- .
166
74 .
108, X
Tannigen (tannyl acetate) (ace-
17
tic acid ester of tannic acid) .
26, 129, 178, X
295, 532
143, 181
Terpinvl acetate
26,70,74,93, 166, 178, X.
70
12, 905
16, 964
1.32
15,068
59
31, 59
70
70.
70
Tetraethyl lead
60, 163
74,98, 177, X
59
59
31, 59
31
ride.
X
Triniethylene bromide
1
66, X
70
70
Vanillin
26,73,74, 114, 181, X..
70
301, 221
1,964,367
6.52
320, 242
X
NONCOAL TAR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS
131
Table 33. — -Comparison of production of synthetic organic chemicals, 1923 and
1934
Name
Amyl acetate
Butyl acetate
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Citronellyl acetate -
Ethyl acetate (85 per cent)
Ethyl chloride
Ethyl ether
Ethyl formate.-
Ethyl nitrate
Ethyl oenanthate
Ethyl pelargonate
1923
Pounds
3, 207, 022
1, 816, 086
13, 513, 644
1, 585, 250
99
25, 887, 720
270, 180
5, 104, 157
1,958
35, 140
3,476
823
1924
Pounds
1, 514, 123
7, 095, 662
14, 275, 057
1, 301, 492
95
27, 222, 761
851, 303
5, 314, 928
1,664
31, 877
4,508
561
Name
Formaldehyde
Gallic acid
Heliotropin
lonone.
Isoamyl butyrate.
Linalyl acetate
Pyrogallol
Rhodinol
Terpineol...
Terpinyl acetate..
I Vanillin.
1923
Pounds
Pounds
4, 081, 188
26, 155, 175
469, 941
550, 378
11,696
34, 436
23, 255
17, 995
9,733
7,284
238
451
235, 389
238, 587
5,729
3,779
322, 337
295, 532
13, 638
15, 068
269, 941
320, 242
Table 34. — Imports and production of certain synthetic organic chemicals (non-
coal tar) 1923 and 1924
Name
Acetaldehyde
Paracetaldehyde
Aldehyde ammonia
Chloral hydrate
Formaldehyde solution (not more than
40 per cent)
Hexamethylenetetramine
Acetic or pyroligenous acid, containing
by weight not more than 65 per cent
acetic acid
More than 65 per cent acetic acid.. .
Formic acid
Gallic acid
Lactic acid, containing by weight 55
per cent or more of lactic acid
Oxalic acid
Pyrogallic acid..
Butyl alcohol
Methanol.
Carbon tetrachloride
Chloroform
Glycerophosphoric, and salts and com-
pounds
Ethers and esters:
Containing not more than 10 per
cent alcohol —
Ethyl ether
Ethyl chloride..
Amyl acetate
Amyl nitrite
Ethyl acetate
Other, n. s. p. f
Containing more than 50 per cent
alcohol
Tetrachloroethane
Trichloroethylene
Urea
Thymol-...
Vanillin
Imports
Pounds
163, 913
363, 752
25
6,135
166
47,373
37, 052
664, 034
1, 282, 004
6,048
66, 648
2, 621, 302
342
969, 112
3 15, 786
1,429
381
28, 265
103
9,519
26, 418
56
27, 202
11,448
668
429, 303
198, 522
47,711
12, 136
Value
Produc-
tion
Pounds
$26, 338
63, 593
13
1,819
67
24, 722
4,758
79, 553
96, 174
2,743
16, 056
206, 100
417
186, 352
12, 573
130
133
38,100
75
11,899
9,612
114
11, 664
6,458
1,436
24, 081, 188
1, 381, 073
184,888,000
225, 972, 000
469, 941
235, 389
3 8, 593, 727
13, 513, 644
1, 585, 250
5, 104, 157
270, 180
3, 207, 022
1924
Imports
Pounds
132, 344
680, 870
20
1
3,826
371, 732
1, 202, 525
1, 532, 798
75, 018
3, 135, 664
11
404, 882
3 448
5,898
27,067
25, 887, 720
20, 130
9,701
269,941
45,280
73
13, 016
253
15, 892
22
216, 585
254, 743
94, 307
13, 695
Produc-
tion
Value Pounds
$22,493 I 278,967
120,346
8 ■
5 i
26,155,175
3, 998 1, 288, 034
27, 080
143,904
121, 431
17, 523
177, 641
21
97, 861
29
550,-378
238, 587
101
57, 440
109
16, 626
3 6, 897, 589
14, 275, 057
1,301,492
39
8,438
103
7,079
9,958
12, 891
34, 424
5, 314, 928
851, 303
1,514,123
27, 222, 761
320, 242
' Dilute acetic acid.
2 Glacial and anhydride.
3 Gallons.
' Imports from January-April, 1925:
January 40 gallons.
February 62,971 do...
March 59,894 do...
April 9,012 do...
May 115,120 do..
29, 420.
26, 976
5,201.
52, 917.
PART V
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
133
.
Part V
INTERNATIONAL DYE TRADE
Summary of World's Production and Trade J
PRE-WAR SITUATION
Before the war Germany dominated the world's dye trade, for she
produced not only three-fourths of all synthetic dyes made but also
the intermediates from which more than half the d^^es in other coun-
tries were manufactured. It may therefore be said that nearly
nine-tenths of the world's dye production was controlled by Germany.
Switzerland, although without raw materials, ranked second as a dye
producer, the value of her exports in 1913 being about one-tenth those
of Germany. Great Britain, while possessing an abundant supply of
coal-tar crudes and heavy chemicals, produced only one-tenth of her
requirements. In the manufacture of alizarin and sulphur black,
however, British dye makers before the war held a position that
enabled them to enter into national conventions with the Germans.
French-owned and operated dye plants produced about one-tenth
of the consumption of France. In order to meet the patent require-
ments of France and Great Britain, German dye concerns operated
plants in those two countries for the final assembling of intermediates
produced in Germany, gaining in France thereby the advantage of
the tariff preferential for products made in France and exported to
the French colonies. In the United States the pre-war dye industry
was far from self-contained. Dyes were assembled almost entirely
from imported intermediates originating chiefly in Germany.
INCREASE IN PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY •
During the war and following the exhaustion of the German stocks
on hand in the various dye-consuming countries, there arose an acute
d3^e shortage, threatening the operations of the textile industries and
other domestic industries dependent upon dyes. This situation soon
resulted in unprecedented dye prices, and many colors were not
obtainable at any price. Ultimately it led to the establishment of the
manufacture of intermediates and dyes on a large scale in the United
States, Great Britain, and France, and on a smaller scale in Italy and
Japan, and to the expansion of the established industry in wSwitzer-
land. Poland, Czechoslovakia, Holland, Sweden, and Spain manu-
facture dyes, but their output can hardly be considered important in
the international dye trade.
The following table shows the production of coal-tar dyes in the
principal producing countries from 1920 to 1924, inclusive.
135
136 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 35. — Production of dyes by the chief producing countries, 1920-1924
Country
Germany i
United States 2.
Great Britain '.
Switzerland *...
France '
Italy 6
Japan '
1924
Pounds
159,549.096
68, 679, 000
21, 000, 000
33, 020, 499
1923
Pounds
144, 859, 572
93, 667, 524
20, 000, 000
24. 180, 052
13, 457, 735
Pounds
192, 806, 564
64, 632. 187
21, 000. 000
18, 000, 000
17, 782, 303
10, 812, 824
Pounds
116,442,116
39, 008, 690
12, 000, 000
12, 938, 797
7, 918, 972
12, 606, 452
1920
Pounds
103, 368, 804
88, 263, 776
45. 000, 000
26, 000, 000
15, 555, 657
4, 458, 692
8, 016, 879
1 From the monthly reports containing the one-quarter monthly German production of dyes made to the
Reparation Commission. These reports covered the period February, 1920, to December, 1924, inclusive.
2 From annual Census of Dyes and Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals, by United States Tariff Commis-
sion.
2 Estimates for year 1920, Report on Dyes and Dyestufls subcommittee appointed by the Standing
Committee on Trusts, printed and published by His Majesty's Stationery Office, London, 1921.
* Production figures are calculated on the basis that the home market consumes 10 per cent of the output
of Swiss dyes; exports consequently equal 90 per cent of the production.
5 L' Industrie Chimique April, 1924. Does not include output of Swiss plant at St. Fous.
6 Trade Information Bulletin No. HSi, Department of Commerce.
' Trade Information Bulletin No. 217, Department of Commerce.
As a result of this phenomenal development during and shortly
after the war, the existing capacity of the world's synthetic dye plants
is estimated to exceed 600,000,000 pounds per year, or nearly double
the pre-war capacity.^ In consequence of this excess capacity an era
of competition has set in in the international markets as well as in
certain of the home markets, and this abihty to produce beyond
normal requirements can not fail to eliminate many of the plants
now manufacturing dyes. The finding of a market for its output
is a problem of vital interest to every nation possessing a dye industry.
The dye industries of all countries operated in 1924 far below their
capacity. This means not only higher costs of production but that
many firms will cease to compete in the international dye trade and
that many of the higher-cost firms operating exclusively within the
home markets of the new producing nations will entirely cease pro-
duction. It is therefore probable that within the next 5 or 10 years
there will be a gradual reduction in potential world production, wliich
is now nearly double the pre-war figure, to proportions nearer meeting
normal requirements. It is not probable, however, that there will
be a return to pre-war capacity because of the sentiment for a home
industry of sufficient size to insure national security.
Germany's export trade
To what extent has Germany's dominant place in the world's
dye trade been affected by remarkable expansion of dye production
in other countries? A comparison of exports of German dyes in post-
war years with those in 1913 may throw some light on this question.
In 1924, when the effect of the Ruhr occupation may be said to have
disappeared, total exports were 25 per cent by quantity and 60 per
cent by value of the 1913 figure. The disproportionate value in 1924
may be largely accounted for by the fact that Germany is supplying
many of the higher-cost specialties not produced in most of the other
countries. The price levels for such products are generally far
above the 1913 levels.
I The Census of Dyes, 1923, p. 124, contained a tabulation of the estimated capacity of each of the prin-
cipal dye-producing nations.
WORLD S PRODUCTION AND TRADE 137
Table 36. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from Germany, 1913 and 1920-1924
Year
Pounds
Value
1913
239, 598, 133
61, 140, 171
48, 304, 991
115,974,900
73, 974, 473
61,033,911
$51, 666, 168
1920 -
53, 002, 407
1921 1 .-
15, 935, 585
1922
80, 781, 892
1923
41, 580, 742
1924 - - ---
30, 933, 368
1 May to December.
The 1924 export of synthetic dyes from Germany— 61,033,911
pounds — represents a 17 per cent decrease in quantity from the
previous year. The reduction may be attributed to the estabhsh-
ment of industries in United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and
Japan. These countries have not only supplied a large part of their
own requirements, but several of them have exported indigo, sulphur
black, and other dyes to Far East markets with the net result that
Germany has lost a part of her dye trade in nonproducing countries
where her former supremacy was unquestioned.
The decline in the German export trade in dyes has been in part
offset by the development of several noncoal-tar products, chief of
which are synthetic nitrogen derivatives. Progress in this phase of
the industry tends to make up for a temporary loss in her export
trade.
There is little likelihood that Germany will ever regain her former
position of almost complete control of the world's dye trade. Espe-
ciall}^ hard will it be for her to recover the markets of Great Britain,
the United States^ and France,
The declared policy of the new dye-producing countries to retain
at least the nucleus of a dye industry in order to supply the bulk
dyes in time of peace as well as in time of emergency and the relation
of the dye industry to national security in the event of war are obsta-
cles to a return to the pre-war status.
There is no doubt, however, of Germany's determination to recover
as large a part of her former markets as is possible, even at a high
cost and over a lon^ period of time. To-day the vast markets of
the Far East, namely, China and Japan, as well as India, South
America, and Russia, are again very largely dominated by German
products. In addition there are many countries which, although
consuming small quantities individually, are in the aggregate an
important factor in maintaining the German dye industry. As a net
result Germany has to-day a large share of the consuming markets
which are not producers of dyes.
EXPORTS FROM PRODUCING COUNTRIES
Comparing exports of coal-tar dyes from the principal producing
countries, as sho^^^l in Table 37, it will be seen that in 1924 Germany
was by far the largest exporting nation. Switzerland ranked second;
the United States was a close third; Great Britain and France,
with about equal quantities, ranked next.
138 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 37. — Exports of coal-tar dyes from chief producing countries, 1913, 1921-1024
Exported from —
1913
Pounds
Value
1921
Pounds
Value
Germany
United States.
Great Britain.
Switzerland...
France
Italy....
239, 598, 133
$51, 689, 400
1 48, 304, 991
5, 451, 376
19, 458, 902
1, 152, 134
117, 725
862, 566
5, 549, 752
275,716
22, 458
7, 621, 600
10, 779, 612
5,947,131
607, 812
1 $15, 935, 585
2 6,270,139
5, 033, 828
11,054,516
1,608,308
274, 128
Exported from-
Germany
United States.
Great Britain.
Switzerland...
France
Italy
Japan
1922
Pounds
114,213,300
5 8,344,187
3,860,416
16,167,655
1,502,431
372, 578
Value
$79, 826, 618
5 3, 996, 443
2, 300. 298
13, 042, 635
1,586,492
254, 250
Pounds
73, 974, 473
5 17, 924, 200
9, 247,-504
18, 282, 967
4, 650, 382
647,712
2, 296, 327
Value
f3$41,580,742
l * 17, 125, 528
5 5, 565, 267
3, 635, 058
12,253,711
3, 749, 442
548, 481
396, 397
Exported from-
Germany
United States
Great Britain
Switzerland. -
Pounds
61,033,911
15, 713, 428
(«)
19,015,998
Value
$30, 933, 368
5, 636, 244
(«)
12,138,346
Exported from —
France
Italy. -
Japan.
Pounds
10, 793, 282
541, 009
' 1, 664, 672
Value
$7, 675, 181
276, 793
7 253, 020
' May to December, 1921.
'' Includes natural and coal-tar dyes, with exception of logwood extract.
3 1923 basis.
* 1913 basis.
5 New classification adopted in 1922 for coal-tar colors was "Color lakes and other colors, dyes, Jand
stains."
8 Accounts Relating to the Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom, give the 1924 exports of
"Dyes and dyestufls (except dyewoods and raw dyeing substances) and extracts for dyeing and tan-
ning— Products of coal tar," as 11,811,072 pounds, valued at $4,156,367.
' First nine months.
IMPORTS INTO CONSUMING COUNTRIES
Imports of coal-tar dyes into the important consuming countries
are summarized in Table 38. Imports into China are three times as
great as those into any other country. British India ranks second
in importance and Japan third. With the exception of Japan these
countries have no dye industry. Of the important dye-producing
countries, Great Britain imported the largest quantity in 1924.
W0RIJ)'S PRODUCTION AND TEADE 139
Table 38. — Imports of dyes into chief consuming countries, 1913, 1921-1924
Imported into-
China
United States
Great Britain
Austria-Hungary...
British India ^
Italy
Japan.
Germany
Russia
France
Canada 3
Turkey
Sweden
Spain
Switzerland
Dutch East Indies.
Czechoslovakia
Netherlands
1913
Pounds
1 60, 696, 533
2 45, 950, 895
41,203,008
17, 168, 764
16, 923, 607
15, 542, 429
5 9, 755, 260
7, 138, 495
4, 835, 647
4, 706, 601
2, 633, 516
2, 631, 703
2, 376, 166
' 2, 303, 709
2, 201, 292
s 2, 073, 434
Value
$11,673,779
7, 537, 870
9, 207, 684
3, 616, 199
3, 741, 031
3,611,705
2, 100, 255
1, 682, 422
3, 701, 186
1,416,316
594, 414
641,321
699, 737
1, 021, 368
431, 197
890, 366
Pounds
46, 939, 187
4, 252, 911
6, 686, 288
3, 439, 837
11,731,237
4 7, 450, 665
7, 752, 896
6 291,457
2, 531, 320
2, 366, 855
984, 028
3, 178, 365
1, 084, 337
2, 166, 053
10, 854, 128
2, 666, 518
Value
$19, 283, 019
5, 156, 779
5, 930, 054
931, 610
11,798,262
2, 556, 457
9, 858, 807
33, 497
1, 539, 907
1. 692, 873
851, 265
1, 264, 929
668, 843
1,385,364
6, 901, 737
1, 937, 097
Imported into-
China
United States
Great Britain
Austria
British India
Italy
Japan
Germany
Russia
France
Canada
Turkey
Sweden
Spain
Switzerland
Dutch East Indies.
Czechoslovakia
Netherlands
1922
Pounds
300, 385
982, 631
450, 192
760, 380
119, 822
484,383
526, 817
003, 300
Value
$17, 788, 624
5, 243, 257
5, 873, 160
817, 737
2, 751, 374
9, 025, 223
111,906
1923
Pounds
61, 099, 581
3, 098, 193
6, 289, 696
1, 975, 101
14, 119, 822
7,150,620
13, 953, 137
466, 494
Value
$17, 713, 420
3, 151, 363
4, 594, 501
803, 713
Pounds Value
3, 022, 539
7, 966, 784
2, 784, 851
' 20, 718, 450
6, 033, 770
6,689,322 i" 15,088,902
123, 522 786, 160
2, 737, 288
$2, 908, 778
5, 919, 057
2, 752, 321
• 9, 169, 688
2, 373, 288
" 5, 643, 117
429, 713
983, 044
290, 349
3,131,613
2, 287, 159
3, 056, 235
3, 290, 349
3, 013, 818
2, 287, 149
5, 399, 725
3, 502, 621
5, 438, 154
2, 121, 705
905, 469
115, 627
290, 793
091, 102
826, 320
816, 162
1, 514, 892
1, 777, 938
672, 769
5, 765, 175
2, 124, 263
2, 854, 382
1,444,401
1, 980, 171
2, 238, 238
5,118,676
5, 130, 124
2, 025, 349
1, 170, 600
974, 518
2, 688, 780
2, 234, 565
" 509, 483
1, 938, 725
3, 008, 426
(12)
1, 155, 876
1 Exports to China, 1913, from France, Germany, and Switzerland amounted to 69,181,230 pounds, valued
at $11,516,567. Chinese statistics show value but not quantity of aniline &yes, and include "unclassified
dyes," which may contain other than coal-tar dyes.
2 Fiscal year 1914— quantity from Special Agents Series No. 121, value from Commerce and Navigation
Reports.
3 Years ended Mar. 31, 1914, and 1922 and 1923.
* Figures include 3,493,275 pounds of reparation dyes for which no value is shown.
' Aniline only, in 1913.
' 1921 imports. May to December.
' 1914.
' Quantity of synthetic indigo not shown, 1913.
« Calendar year.
1" Figures include 1,666, 237 pounds of reparation dyes for which no value is shown.
11 First nine months.
•2 First six months.
COMPETITION IN EXPORT MARKETS
The attempts of Great Britain and the United States and other
new dye-producing countries to place certain dyes on an export basis
will be met with strong and continued resistance from the German
dye cartel. In international markets, such as China, Japan, and
India, Germany has already lost a part of the trade in indigo and
sulphur black, and a smaller part of her trade in other dyes. Competi-
tion from the United States, Great Britain, and to a lesser extent
140 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
from France, has tended to prevent complete German domination
in those markets and arbitrary price fixing. The export trade of a
country is an important balance in stabilizing production by off-
setting the fluctuations of the home market and results in lower
production costs by permitting operation on a larger scale. Exports
comprise the greater part of the dye trade of both Germany and
Switzerland, whereas home markets represent the bulk of it in the
United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan. The problem
of placing these newly created dye industries, or at least certain of
their products, on an international basis is an important one.
The struggle between the dye-producing nations for export markets
promises to be a long and severe one and in the end can only result
in the elimination from an export basis of those dyes which can not
be produced by other countries at a cost sufficiently low to compete
with the German and Swiss products. This will in turn depend upon
such fundamental factors as (1) production costs; (2) raw materials;
(3) capital; (4) selling organization; (5) technical service offered to
the consumer; and (6) adequate capital without excessive capitali-
zation. The strongest of the new producing nations in this competitive
field promise to be the United States, Great Britain, and to a less
extent, France. Italy and Japan do not bid fair to be important in
export markets.
In lack of raw materials the Swiss suffer the greatest disadvantage.
The United States, Great Britain, Germany, and France are well
situated in this respect. Japan and Spain are less favorably placed.
In the cost of labor and of technicians the United States is probably
at the greatest disadvantage. The Germans and Swiss possess an
experienced executive selling and technical staff, but the United
States and Great Britain are making rapid gains in this respect.
Through the service of German and Swiss chemists some of the
United States firms have effected economy in production. The
building up of a complete and well-trained organization for dye
making and selling requires a long time, and it can not be expected
that tlie disadvantages of the new producing countries will be over-
come within a few years.
The German dye industry with its close-knit organization possesses
several advantages over the industries in other countries, among
which are: (1) Cumulative experience; (2) lower manufacturing costs
in plants built before the war and paid for by pre-war profits; (3)
the established reputation of German products among consumers;
(4) highly developed selling organization in all the world's markets;
(5) availability of raw materials; and (6) a wide diversity of products.
One significant development by the I. G. in 1924 has been a further
consolidation of companies. This is discussed in more detail in later
pages. Amalgamation of the selling agencies of the German dye
firms in Japan and Czechoslovakia is only one of the results of such
a movement, and will tend to increase tlie competitive strength of
the I. G. in the export markets. As exports comprised nearly nine-
tenths of the total dye output in Germany before the war, the in-
dustry has almost from its infancy been organized on an inter-
national basis.
Switzerland occupies a position of greater prominence in the world
trade than the relative size of her industry would indicate, its capacity
being only about 9 per cent of that of the German industry. Because
world's production and trade 141
of the lack of raw materials, the S\\dss industry is not economically
independent, but it enjoys an open competitive market on coal-tar
crudes and other raw materials.
The Swiss firms produce an excellent variety of the higher cost
dyes and also indigo, an important low-price bulk color. In pro-
portion to their normal pre-war trade they have suffered less than
Germany in the loss of markets to the newly created dye industries,
as the markets for the specialties have declined less in the big indus-
trial countries than the markets for the bulk dyes, formerly a large
factor in the German export trade. The new producing nations,
Great Britain and the United States, are, however, each year in-
creasing their output of high-cost dyes such as are produced by the
Swiss. This is being reflected by their reduced imports of many
Swiss types. Factors which are favorable to the Swiss dye interests
in the maintenance of their position in the world trade are their
progressive and experienced manufacturing personnel, their technical
service, and their distributing organization for sales. Although the
production and development of new special products will help them
to maintain their trade, in the long run they are likely to find the
lack of raw materials a serious handicap in maintaining their industry
on an international basis.
Price reductions. — The United States and Great Britain, were,
before the war, among the largest consumers of German dyes. The
loss of a large part of the trade in these markets has been a severe
blow to Germany. Reports from Great Britain show reduced prices
of German dyes in 1925, some of them to 25 per cent below the cur-
rent rates and others even more markedly. As the export prices
of most of the German dyes are far above the pre-war levels, it is
probable that they will be further reduced.
In the United States, price reductions have been made on many
of the higher-priced German dyes, increasing the competition with
the American producer of these products. If the German firms do
not establish branch plants in Great Britain and the United States,
they may adopt two methods of commercial warfare against the
dye industries of these two countries: (1) By an attack on the
export trade, and (2) by price cutting in the home markets on certain
lines of products such as the vat dyes, alizarin, and other specialty
dyes. Both methods of procedure are reported to have been adopted
in 1925. Since the tariff reduction of 15 per cent on September
22, 1924, in the United States, imports of the higher class dyes
have recorded a sharp increase.
PROTECTIVE MEASURES ADOPTED BY DYE-PRODUCING COUNTRIES
For the encouragement and stimulation of dye production. Great
Britain, the United States, France, Italy, Japan, and Spain, have
adopted special tariff^ measures, and in Great Britain and Japan
financial aid has been granted by the Government to the domestic
industries. A license system of dye-import control is in force in
Great Britain, Germany, and Japan. Preferential tariff treatment
for the imports of dyes from Great Britain has been granted by her
colonies; this tends to increase the export market of dyes produced
by the mother country.^
1 For detailed information on rates of duty on coal-tar dyes when imported into 26 different countries
see pp. 173-186.
142 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
These protective measures tend to retain a large part of the home
market for the domestic dye industry and have enabled the industries
to organize on a more efficient and permanent basis than existed
during the latter part of the war and shortly after. In the next
5 to 10 years protective measures will play an important part
in the maintenance of dye production in countries other than Ger-
many and Switzerland and will in turn affect the export trade of
these two countries.
Affiliations and branch plants. — These tariff measures will probably
result in the German producers affiliating with producers in other
countries or in establishing branch factories, which last will in part
compensate the Germans and Swiss for the loss of their export trade.
One of the first steps of the German Cartel toward recovering such
markets has been to gain foothold therein by affiliating with the new
dye-producing industries in order to share in the dye trade and to
exercise influence favorable to German interests.
Negotiations between the British dye corporations and the I. G.
were discussed during 1923, although no working agreement has yet
been announced. In the United States reports have been frequent
of affiliations with certain existing firms; but no authoritative state-
ment concerning details has been available. It appears possible,
however, that such arrangements, if not already effected, will be made
in the near future, affecting one or more individual finns.
The establishment of branch factories has been a natural conse-
quence of the tariff measures adopted by the new producing countries.
Although the Germans appear to have been less successful than the
Swiss in the establishment of branch plants, they have firmly
established themselves in Italy.
The Swiss now operate branch factories in the United States, Great
Britain, France, and Italy, and are consequently enabled to share in
the trade of those markets farther than is indicated by actual exports
to them. In the production of dyes in foreign countries the Swiss
have been far more successful than the Germans.
In Switzerland the three principal dye makers have formed a union
of interests similar to that of the German firms. Such consolidation
gives to the Germans and Swiss an advantage lacking in many other
countries. In the United States it would be a violation of the anti-
trust laws. In sharp contrast to the German situation is the severe
competition between the different firms in some of the new dye-
producing countries, particularly in the United States. This com-
petitive situation is likely to result in the amalgamation of some of
the small firms.
The effect of this competition on the price of bulk dyes is of interest.
The price of indigo in the United States, April, 1925, was 14 cents
per pound, less than the selling price of German indigo in this country
in 1913, and probably the lowest selling price in the world for this
dye in the spring of 1925. The price of indigo (20 per cent paste) in
Great Britain in March, 1925, was 29.8 cents per pound, according
to a statement of the President of the British Board of Trade, com-
pared with 28 cents in France, 18.5 cents in Italy, 26 cents in India,
and 21.6 cents in Germany. Later reports state that the export
price of German indigo was subsequently reduced to 16 cents per
pound.
WOELD'S PIIODUCTION AND TEADE 143
TREND IN DYE MANUFACTURE
A review of the developments by tlie world's dye producers shows
a distinct trend toward the production of dyes, (1) of superior fast-
ness, (2) adapted for special uses, (3) of lower cost of application, and
(4) of identical character produced by an increasing number of different
firms. On the other hand many types which are in small demand or
for which satisfactory substitutes are available are being eliminated.
New dyes for acetate silk. — Manufacturers of Germany, Switzer-
land, and Great Britain added many new dyes to their manufacturing
lists in 1924. One conspicuous advance was in the development by
British dye firms of special dyes for dyeing artificial silks, more
particularly acetate silks.
The S. R. A. dyes manufactured by the British Celanese Co. are
made in a fair range of colors and possess good fastness to light.
They are insoluble in water and have good resistance to washing.
They are dyed in a partly colloidal and partly fine suspension by the
use of sulphonated castor oil (sulpho ricinoleic acid).
Dyes for use on acetate silk have also been produced by the British
Dyes (Ltd.) ^ (known as the duranol dyes); and by the Scottish
Dyes (Ltd.) (known as Celatene dyes). Those produced by the
Scottish Dyes are anthraquinone derivatives. This group consists of
8 dyes and is said to possess excellent fastness to light and can be
applied by simple methods not requiring saponification nor special
preliminary treatment of the silk fiber.
New witer-soluhle vat dyes. — -In 1924 stable water-soluble deriva-
tives of vat dyes (the leuco forms of enolic ethereal salts) were placed
on the market. The leuco derivative of indigo, known as indigosol,
was first produced by Durand & Huguenm & Co. of Switzerland,
and more recently by a German company. The leuco derivative of
Caledon jade green manufactured by the Scottish Dyes (Ltd.) of
Great Britain is known as Soledon jade green.
The vat dyes, characterized by their high fastness, are of very great
importance for the production of fast shades on cotton. Formerly
all vat d^^es were insoluble in water and their application involved a
reduction to a soluble form with sodium hydrosulphite in an alkaline
solution. The application of these insoluble vat dyes requires more
skill and supervision than many other classes of dyes. Consequently
the water-soluble vat dyes, which can be applied "directly" on the
fiber, with a subsequent oxidation treatment to yield the insoluble
color, represents marked progress in the production and application
of dyes. These new water-soluble derivatives do not require the addi-
tion of caustic alkali, commonly used in the application of vat dyes,
and for that reason can be used on animal fibers, such as wool and
silk, without injury to the fiber. There are, however, certain insoluble
vat dyes which can be successfully used on animal fibers. German
dye producers have developed a number of new vat dyes adapted to
wool dyeing.
These water-soluble vat-dye derivatives, because of their simplicity
of application and their suitability for animal fibers as well as vege-
table fibers have great promise. Their extensive substitution for the
original vat dyes will probably depend upon costs. When the original
2 Some notes on dyestuffs progress in 192Jf, Chemical Age, Jan. 3, 1925, Sir E. A. Brotherton.
144 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
vat dyes were introduced their high cost was beheved by many to be
unfavorable to their extensive use; their consumption, however, has
steadily increased year by year.
Other developments. — In connection with the manufacture of new
dyes a review of the progress of dye-m.aking since the discovery of
the first coal-tar dye in 1856 brings out a point of interest in the trend
in this field. Eighty years ago coal-tar dyes were not in use, and the
dyer had available only a small variety of vegetable and mineral
dyes, the application of which was difficult and surrounded with much
secrecy and empirical methods; furthermore, the resultant shades
were of wide variation in fastness. This is in sharp contrast to present
times, when the number of synthetic dyes on the market exceeds
1,500, and when there are dyes of practically any degree of fastness
desired for any particular purpose. Manufacturers of to-day uni-
versally supply technical assistance to the dyer to facilitate the
correct and proper application of their products. From the com-
mercial manufacture of mauvine in 1856 to the manufacture of vat
dyes after 1900 the outstanding feature was the continuous addition
annually to the number of dyes and dye patents.
During this era of discovery and development the general progress,
by class of application, was first the basic dyes, then the mordant
acid, and direct azo dyes, sulphur dyes, and finally vat dyes. The
dyes of the last group have been, since their discovery, of constantly
increasing value on account of their high fastness and variety of
shade. Each year has witnessed the addition of faster members to
each of these groups as well as colors of greater purity of shade.
The trend has been definitely toward fast dyes and dyes of simpler
application, together with dyes possessing properties which adapt
them to special uses. As an illustration of this trend may be men-
tioned the new direct dyes and acid dyes of far greater fastness than
the early members of these groups. The range of sulphur dyes has
been extended and the purity of shade and strength greatly increased.
With such intermediates as naphthol AS and the different bases for
use with this product, the direct production of dyes on the cotton
fiber becomes of greater importance; some of the resulting shades
are of sufficient fastness to oft'er competition with the vat dyes.
Closely related to the above group are the "rapid fast dyes."
It is of interest to note that the German firms have since the war
reduced the number of types on their production program by elim-
inating those for which the demand was small and for which there
were already available satisfactory or better substitutes. The trend
in world production has been to lay greater emphasis on the output of
dyes in greater demand and of greater fastness, it appears that a point
has now been reached where the number of new dyes annually placed
upon the market will be far below the additions m.ade from 1880 to
1905. The fact that many of the dye patents are running out in-
creases the number of dyes which can bo made by any concern and
reduces the number of products which can be sold at very high prices,
while other colors not covered by patents are frequently sold at
prices below their cost of production.
The dye manufacturers of the various countries are making an
increasing number of identical dyes, the demand for which is general.
This is resulting in an era of keen competition on these products in
both the export and home markets.
world's production and trade
145
Research.. — The maintenance of research for the progressive devel-
opment of new dyes and alHed products and for improvement in the
existing methods of manufactm^e is a factor not to be overlooked by
any nation seeking to retain its position in the international dye
trade. Merely to copy and produce the products already on the
market is a policy which will ultimately end in an industry being
distanced by those able to produce new and special products with
marked advantages as to fastness, special use, and economy of
application.
The German Dye Industry
The position of supremacy in the world's trade held by the German
dye and synthetic organic chemical industry has been altered by
developments during and since the World War. Both production
and exports for the post-war years have recorded conspicuous de-
clines. In former reports detailed statistics on the pre-war dye
trade were published, and the important developments oi the German
industry up to and including 1923 were discussed. The present dis-
cussion deals particularly with changes occurring in 1924 and the
first half of 1925, and their relation to previous years.
German d>/e out'put in. 192Jf. increases. — The production of coal-tar
dyes in Germany in 1924, on the basis of monthly reparation lists,
was 159,549,096 pounds, an increase of 14,689,524 pounds as com-
pared with 1923. In the latter year the occupation of the Ruhr by
the French reduced the production of dyes in Germany, especially
in the Hochst and the Badische plants, the two largest producers in
the occupied zone. The output in 1924 was about 57 per cent of
that in the pre-war vear 1913. The maximum post-war output was
in 1922, totaling 192,806,564 pounds, or about 68 per cent of the
pre-war. Exports since the war reached a maximum in 1922.
Table 39 shows the production of coal-tar dyes in Germanv for
1913 and 1920 to 1924. inclusive, and Table 40 one-fourth of the
German production from 1920 to 1924, reserved under the Treaty of
Versailles for purchases of the allied and associated governments.
Table 39. — Production of coal-tar dyes in Germany, WIS and 1920-1924 '
Year
Pounds
Year
Pounds
1913 2
280,000,000
112,766,0Q0
116,442,116
1922
192. 806, 564
1920 3
1923
144,859,572
1921. - - .
1924 . .
159, 549, 096
' From monthly reports to the Reparation Commission, showing one-quarter production in German
plants of dyes reserved for the purchase of allied and associated Governments, 1920 to 1924.
2 For the year 1913 exports totalled 239,598,133 pounds and home consumption is estimated at 40,000,000
pounds.
3 Estimated from the actual production for eleven months.
146
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 40. — One-quarter of production in German dye -plants^ reserved for purchase
of allied and associated Governments, 1920-1924
Group
Classification of colors
192P
(11 months)
1923
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
Alizarin red
Indigo paste
Vat colors, except indanthrene
blue GCD-
Indanthrene blue GCD
Alizarin colors other than red
Direct colors for cotton
Direct colors for diazotization
Acid colors for wool
Chrome colors for wool
Basic colors
Sulphur colors
Lake colors
Total
Pounds ! Pounds
1,830,721 I 1,729,148
4,493,515 , 6,147,286
578, 028
93,645
609, 514
5, 778, 166
977, 320
4, 364, 034
1,771,252
1, 257, 301
2, 805, 910
1, 282, 795
992, 579
61, 203
300, 009
5, 526, 280
962, 859
5, 008, 823
1,673,215
1, 525, 610
4, 103, 034
1, 020, 508
Pounds
2, 244, 654
10, 343, 963
1,128,912
6,985
192, 930
9,609,616
1,424,471
7, 754, 534
3, 154, 705
2, 289, 557
8, 047, 949
1, 703, 365
25,842,201 29,110,554
48, 201, 641 36, 214, 893
Pounds
2, 151, 520
5, 926, 123
1,080,121
39, 794
568, 569
8, 086, 063
916,212
5,161,691
2, 068, 071
1, 713, 854
7,261,348
1,241,527
Pounds
3, 550, 912
14, 809, 980
1, 954, 208
92,913
654, 151
2, 998, 349
630,317
3, 071, 874
824, 551
1, 848, 099
8, 405, 355
1, 046, 565
39, 887, 274
1 Peace Treaty, Annex VI, Part II.
CONSOLIDATIONS WITHIN THE I. G.
The decline in the German export trade due to the development
of dye production in other comitries has reduced the operation of the
German factories far below capacity, which, in turn, tends to in-
crease production costs. In order to offset the unfavorable develop-
ments since the war, the German Cartel (I. G.) has adopted a pro-
gram designed to reduce costs.
The highest salaried members of the directors' boards, the attor-
neys, and the superfluous specialists are being removed, and even
a reduction in the number of laborers is reported. Of greater signifi-
cance in its effect on foreign competition, however, is the merger of
the constituent firms of the I. G. now under consideration. This
step is in line with other consolidations already effected in other
branches of German industry. In place of the separate sales depart-
ments maintained by each concern in the I. G. a consolidated sales
agency for the home and foreign markets is planned. Competition
between the same d3^es and pharmaceuticals produced by different
firms of the I. G. is being eliminated, and it is intended to assign the
manufacture of each product to the firm best fitted for its production.
The elimination of duplication, the centralization of the directorate for
research, for production, and purchases, can only result in greater
efficiency in certain departments and reduce production and sales
costs.
The proposed amalgamation involves certain difficulties as the
8 associated concerns have 8 managing directors and 84 full-time
directors, few of whom can be entirely dropped without loss. In
addition, there are such problems as to the allocation of manufacture
and the redistribution of profits. The future, however, of these
firms is intimately bound together, and it is probable that the obsta-
cles to such a merger will ultimately be overcome. One of the prin-
cipal difficulties is the high Government tax attending such a con-
solidation. Negotiations have been conducted between the I. G.
and the German Government to obtain a reduction in the rate of
taxation. If these negotiations are not successful, it is possible that
a reduction in the capitalization might take place in order to lower
world's production and trade 147
the reorganization tax, and that there will be an increase in capitali-
zation after the amalgamation has been effected.
The Chemische Fabrik Greisheim-Elektron of Frankfort-on-Main
and the Aktien Gesellschaft Fiir Anilin Fabrikation of Berlin were
consolidated in the spring of 1925. The dye plants of the Berhn
company as well as the main offices are to be moved to the Griesheim
plants near Frankfort. The new arrangement gives the two com-
panies concerned 14.146 per cent of the total earnings of the cartel, as
compared with slightly more than 25 per cent, for the Bayer, Hochst,
and Badische.
In 1924 the^I. G. acquired the Rhienstahl of Dusseldorf, which
controls a number of mines, the coal of which yields a tar suitable for
distillation into crudes for dyes and other coal-tar derivatives. This
acquisition is in addition to the Auguste Victoria mines bought by the
Badische, the Bayer, and the Berlin dye concerns in 1907.
NEW PRODUCTS MADE BY THE I. G.
Extensive developments have been made by the plants of the I. G.
in the manufacture of noncoal-tar products. Conspicuous among
these new items are synthetic ammonia, nitrogenous fertilizer mate-
rials, and synthetic methanol. The manufacture of the last is closely
associated with work on other synthetic organic chemicals such as
butyl and propyl alcohol and also synthetic motor fuel.
AGREEMENTS WITH FOREIGN INDUSTRIES
German-Russian dyestuff agreement. — The Berliner Tageblatt ^
states that under the contract which the German-Russian Trading
Co. ("Russgertorg") concluded in the autumn of 1924 with the Ger-
man Aniline Dye Concern for the delivery of dyestuffs for the Soviet
industry and for the holding of up to 500,000 kilograms of goods in
the consignment warehouses of the "Russgertorg," 200,000 kilograms
of dyestuffs for the Russian Textile Syndicate have, so far, been im-
ported. The total quantity of dyestuffs to be imported in the course
of one year amounts to about 2,000,000 kilograms. Eight chemists
have been sent by the German chemical works to Russian factories.
The German dye concern has granted Russian chemists the right to
improve their technical knowledge in German aniline-dye factories,
and chemists who are working in the Russian textile industry will
soon be sent to Germany for this purpose.
Other agreements . — -The Farwerke, vormals Meister Lucius &
Brunig,'* Hochst-on-the-Main, made an arrangement with the Philana
A. G., Basle, Switzerland, presumably for exploiting one of its new
processes to impart a wool finish to cotton fibers.
In the spring of 1924 the Badische Co. was negotiating with the
Norsk Hydro of Norway for the joint operation of a nitrate plant,
utilizing the cheap water power of that concern.
The Franco-German potash pact concluded August 19, 1924,
divided the American potash market between German and Alsatian
3 The Chemical Age, Feb. 28, 1925, p. 202.
* Commerce Reports, Mar. 9, 1925.
148
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
producers in the ratio of 623^ and 37 }4, with certain preferences for
sulphate of potash of German origin. This agreement covers a
period of three years.
AMERICAN LOANS TO GERMAN DYE INDUSTRY
During 1924 loans aggregating $6,500,000 were made by American
bankers to German dye companies, according to information collected
by the Tariff Commission. These included the following:
Badische Anilin und Soda-Fabrik $1,000,000
Actien-Gesellschaft fur Anilin-Fabrikation ^ 3, 000, 000
I. G. loan 2, 500,000
For joint use of —
(a) Actien-Gesellschaft ftir Anilin-Fabrikation.
(b) Farben fabrikriken vorm. Friedr. Bayer & Cie.
(c) Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron, Frankfurt.
Negotiations for other loans were under consideration, but no an-
nouncements were made as to their completion up to May, 1925. In
addition to these, loans were made to other branches of the chemical
industry, including one of $6,000,000 to the potash syndicate.
BALANCE SHEETS OF I. G. COMPANIES
The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities
of the I. G. companies as shown by their balance sheets for the
pre-war year 1913 and as of January 1, 1924.^
Table 41. — Balance sheets of constituent concerns of the Interessen Gemeinschaft
as of January 1, 1924^
(Millions of gold marks)
Company
Assets
Year
Real
estate
and
plant
Stock
on hand
Owned
in other
concerns
Debts
due plus
cash
Total
assets
Badische Anilin
Hoechst Farbw
Bayer Leverk.
Berlin Anilinf
Griesheim Elektron
Weiler-ter-Meer
Total
1924
1913
1924
1913
1924
1913
1924
1913
1924
1913
1924
1913
1924
1913
127. 86
54.14
58. 66
29.28
64.28
49.52
32.54
14.84
28.59
25.31
5.41
7.61
317. 34
180. 70
55.93
25.42
44.25
29.75
64.63
22.00
23.27
9.61
18.04
12.53
8.56
3.66
48.52
11.53
74.14
6.99
64.64
13.03
8.03
.75
4.05
.40
.67
.43
69.13
35.17
49.51
34.90
49.30
42.97
18.03
19.32
16.28
12.48
3.98
4.49
214,68
102. 97
200.05
33.13
197. 40
149. 33
301.61
126. 26
226. 56
114. 32
244.04
127. 52
82.19
44.64
67.20
51.34
18.77
16. 43
940. 37
480. 51
» From the Frankfurter Zeitung.
WOELD S PRODUCTION AND TRADE
149
Table 41. — Balance sheets of constituent concerns of the Interessen Gemeinschaf
as of January 1, 1924 — Continued
Company
Liabilities
Year
Bills
payable
Bonds
and
mortgages
To Preferred
balance stock
Common
stock
Badiscbe Anilin.
Hoechst Farbw..
{
{
Bayer Leverk I-!
{
Berlin AnilLnf..
Qriesheim Elektron.
Weiler-ter-Meer
1924 i
1913
1924
1913
1924
1913 i
1924 !
1913
1924
1913 i
1924 I
1913 I
52.62
11.52
19.80
5.19
34.08
18.91
11.90
4.95
13.71
12.61
4.59
4.86
4.32
21.67
1.84
7.05
1.35
25.00
.69
8.83
.77
5.12
.26
2.81
67.47
53.09
27.72
49.69
28.07
34.74
11.60
12.82
8.40
14.11
1.81
1.89
1.20
00
1.20
00
1.20
00
.40
00
.32
00
.08
GO
176. 00
36.00
176. 00
36.00
176.00
36.00
57.60
14.00
44.00
16.00
12.00
6.00
GERMANY S FOREIGN TRADE IN DYES
The following table presents the coal-tar dye imports and exports
of Germany during 1924. This table shows that Germany is pre-
dominantly an exporting country.
Table 42. — Germany: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 '
Class and country
Imports
Exports
Pounds
1
Value
Pounds
Value
Aniline and other coal-tar dyes not elsewhere men-
tioned, sulphur dyes:
Italy
1,099,434
1, 107, 591
5, 888, 266
525, 356
3,116,423
1,027,344
1,607,815
4, 324, 764
15, 136, 783
3, 389, 132
11,342,005
Netherlands .
Czechoslovakia . . . . . !
East Poland L..
Sweden ■
Switzerland ... . '<
British India
China...
other countries ..
Total
728, 179
$391, 839
48,564,913
$25, 446, 430
Alizarin (alizarin red) . .
1, 364, 427
1, 569, 896
401,367
Alizarin colors, variegated, from anthracene
j
1, 486, 130
i
Total alizarin dyes
17,857
9,290
2,934,323
1, 887, 497
Indigo, natural and synthetic:
1
307, 762
547, 182
6, 536, 639
1,992,738
China
other countries
1
Total...
32,408
25,249
9, 384, 321
3, 454, 615
Indigo carmine, color lakes and new blues, from indigo
and indigo carmine.
7,716
3,335
150,354
144,826
1 German foreign trade. oflBcial monthly report; issue of December, 1924. 1,000 Reiehs marks=$238.20.
47285— 25t 11
150
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Dye Trade of Great Britain
Imports. — The total imports of dyes into Great Britain in 1924
were 7,966,784 pounds, valued at $5,919,057; of this amount ahzarin
made up 3,377,472 pounds, valued at $999,741. In 1923 imports
of alizarin amounted to 941,808 pounds, valued at $332,809.
Alizarin has been manufactured in Great Britain since about
1882 and has been for many years on an export basis. The heavy
imports originated largely, if not entirely, from the dyes, alizarin
and indigo, seized by the French and Belgian authorities in the spring
of 1923 during the occupation of the Ruhr. Large amounts were
purchased by the British Alizarin Co. to prevent the demoralization
of prices by preventing the dumping of dyes on the market.
In 1923 imports of indigo, probably from the same source, were
926,088 pounds, valued at $64,004. The imports of other coal-tar
dyes were 4,421,200 pounds, valued at $4,197,688, of which 64 per
cent by weight was from Germany and 33 per cent from Switzerland.
Exports. — -The post-war exports of dyes from Great Britain have
recorded wide fluctuations, as shown in Table 43. In 1923, as a
result of the Ruhr occupation, exports reached 9,247,504 pounds,
valued at $3,635,058. Of this total, 2,480,800 pounds, valued at
$674,102, was alizarin, of which ne^irly 88 per cent by quantity was
shipped to India. Exports of indigo amounted to 2,195,648 pounds,
valued at $604,335, over 88 per cent of which was exported to
China. "Other coal-tar dyes," totaling 4,571,056 pouncls, valued
at $2,356,621, were shipped chiefly to Switzerland, Victoria, Belgium,
China, and New South Wales.
Table 43. — The United Kingdom: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1923 '
Imported from—
1923
Pounds 2
Value
Alizarin:
Germany . ..
918, 176
784
22, 848
$319, 581
1,894
other foreign countries
11,334
941,808
332, 809
Total imported ------- .
941, 808
332, 809
Synthetic indigo:
Germany - - --- -.
926, 688
64,004
Total imported - --- -
926, 688
64,004
other coal-tar dyes:
2, 820, 160
6,720
22, 960
1, 464, 624
4,368
69, 216
2, 038, 238
Netherlands -. - -.--
9,153
Belgium . - - . - -.
25, 180
Switzerland-- - - -
2, 006, 829
United States -
5,100
other foreign countries - --
73, 156
4, 388, 048
4, 157, 656
28, 784
4,368
37, 365
2,667
33, 152
4, 421, 200
40, 032
Total imported - --
4, 197, 688
Grand total . - -
6, 289, 696
4, 594, 501
1 Annual statement of the trade of the United Kingdom with foreign countries and British possessions
converted at average exchange rate, 1923, £l=$4.574.
» British cwt. =112 lbs.
WORLD S PRODUCTION AND TRADE 151
Table 44. — The United Kingdom: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 192S ^
Exported to —
Alizarin:
Java
France _..
United States
Brazil..
Other foreign countries..
Total to foreign coun-
tries
1923
Pounds
196,
59,
22,
3,
11,
294, 112
British India. j
Other British possessions.]
2, 177,
Total British
sions
posses-
2, 186, 688 557, 973
Value
$68, 596
30, 888
9,294
3,613
3,737
116, 129
5.49, 571
8,402
Total exported ■ 2, 480, 800 | 674, 102
Indigo, synthetic:
Netherlands
China...
Other foreign countries. .
Total to foreign coun-
tries...
H on gkong.
Australia
Canada
Other British possessions -
Total to British posses-
sions
13, 440
42, 672
3,449
14,060
I 18
63,392 17,340
119,504
34, 868
Total exported 2,195,648 604,335
Other coal-tar dyes:
Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Germany
Netherlands
119,616
77,616
29,792
121, 968
122, 640
92, 312
49, 568
23,702
33, 537
67, 938
Kxported to —
Pounds Value
-Con.
Other coal-tar dyes-
Belgium
France.
Switzerland
Portugal
Spain
Italy
Egypt
China
Japan
United States..
Brazil
Other foreign countries. . .
Total to foreign coun-
tries
412, 944
183, 008
970, 256
22, 288
55, 552
11, 088
15, 680
247, 408
56, 448
141, 120
19, 824
83, 216
.$96, 005
99, 480
241, 713
14, 705
38, 019
5,667
8,590
107, 782
27, 476
69, 058
20, 542
48,379
2,690,464 |l, 044, 473
Irish Free State
Union of S. Africa
Bombay
Madras
Bengal, Assam, Bihar,
and Orissa
Buimah-
Hongkong
West Australia
South .\ustralia
Victoria
New South Wales
Queerisl and
Tasmania.
New Zealand
Canada
Other British possessions.
Total to British posses-
sions...
203, 280
101, 136
220, 080
53, 984
31, 808
4,144
2,576
1,120
12, 320
529, 424
255, 136
12, 992
3,696
148, 400
261, 744
38, 752
80, 859
77, 721
147, 557
50, 826
26, 076
3,243
2,406
974
9,697
440, 418
193, 028
10, 250
2,292
107, 155
125, 076
34, 570
Total exported.
Grand total
1,880,592 1,312,148
4,571,056 2,356,621
9,247,504 3,635,058
' Annual statement of the trade of the United Kingdom with foreign countries and British possessions;
converted at average exchange rate, 1923, £l = $4.574.
Table 45. — The United Kingdom: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 '
Pounds
Value
Imports and consumption:^ |
Alizarin : ; 3,377,472
Indigo, svnthetic i
Other coal-tar dyes 4,589,312
Total... ; 7,966,784
Exports: I
Dyes and dyestufis (except dyewoods and raw dyeing substances) and ex-
tracts for dyeing and tanning —
Products of coal tar 11,811,072
9,741
4,919,316
5, 919, 057
4, 156, 367
Average exchange rate, 1924, £l = $4.4181.
British cwt.=112 lbs.
' Accounts relating to the trade and navigation of the United Kingdom, issue for December, 1924.
' An account of the imports of the principal and other articles of foreign and colonial merchandise, show-
ing the consumption of certain dutiable articles, in the year ended Dec. 31, 1924.
152
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 46. — Weight of dyestuffs imported into the United Kingdom, by countries,
Description
Intermediate coal tar products
Finished dyestuffs obtained from coal
tar—
Alizarin^ _ -
Indigo
Other sorts— .--.! 4,589,312 3,125,360
Total
imports
Pounds
72, 576
3, 377, 472
Consigned from —
Germany
Pounds
51, 072
1, 888, 096
Total I 8,039,360 i 5,064,528
France
Pounds
18, 928
1, 464, 288
Switzer-
land
Pounds
2,576
20,384
41,104 I 1,174,320
1,524,320 1,197,280
United
States
Pounds
Other
coun-
tries
Pounds
4,704
250, 544
I The Chemical Trade Journal and Chemical Engineer, March 13, 1925, p. 337. The quantity of dye-
stuffs received from Germany during 1924 on reparation account and included in the above table was
3,796,352 pounds.
Dye Industry of France
Production. — The total output of dyes in France in 1924 was
33,020,499 pounds as compared with 24,180,052 pounds in 1923, an
increase of 36 per cent. This does not include the output of the
Swiss-owned plant at St. Fons, France, which is reported to have pro-
duced approximately 3,300,000 pounds in 1924. The outstanding
feature in 1924 was an increase of over 100 per cent in the ton-
nage of indigo and its sulfonic derivatives (10,326,346 pounds),
while the production of sulphur colors (5,105,854 pounds) was prac-
tically the same as in 1923. As in the past two years the azo group
of dyes showed the largest production with a total of 12,744,793
pounds. The following table gives the output of coal-tar dyes in
France from 1920 to 1924, inclusive.
Table 4:7.— France: Production of coal-tar dyes, 1920-1924 ^
[Report of Trade Commissioner, Apr. 25, 1925, Paris, France]
Year
1920
1921.
1922
1923
1924
Azo dyes
Pounds
4, 975, 782
4,204,172
7, 8S1, 445
11,296,370
12, 744, 793
Indigo
deriva- ^^^
tives
Pounds
6, 571, 913
5, 839, 985
3,075,417
4, 700, 207
10. 326, 346
Pounds
3, 452, 404
1, 814, 386
3, 769, 866
5, 024, 283
5, 105, 854
Diphenyl
and
triphenyl
methane
Pounds
141, 094
403, 442
1, 234, 576
1, 483, 696
2, 072, 324
Alizarin
Indo-
and
phenols.
other
oxazines.
oxyke-
and
tone
thiazines
Pounds
Pounds
19, 841
19, 841
211,642
136, 685
731, 927
191, 800
570, 991
145, 504
804, 679
174, 163
Unspeci-
fied
Pounds
374, 782
328, 485
897, 272
959, 001
1, 792, 340
Total
Pounds
15, 555, 657
12, 938, 797 I
17,782,303'
24, 180, 052
33, 020, 499
1 Does not include data for Swiss plant at St. Fons, France.
Imports and ex'ports. — According to preliminary data, imports ofS
dyes into France m 1924 amounted to 5,396,861 pounds. The prin-
cipal sources of imports were Switzerland with 2,665,361 pounds and
Germany with 2,123,030 pounds. The imports of dyes from Switzer-
land were especially heavy during the last few months of the year,
owing to the proposal at that time of an early increase in the French
tariff on these products. A large part of the imports from Switzer-j.
WORLD S PEODUCTION AND TRADE
153
land are in highly concentrated form and are converted into commer-
cial products in the French branches of the Swiss manufacturers.
Reports of an agreement between the French and German dye man-
ufacturers have not only been denied, but it is reported that the
French dye manufacturers will endeavor to have their Government
control all dye imports from Germany under the Dawes plan, by
which France is to receive dyestuffs from Germany until 1928. The
Compagnie Nationale des Matieres Colorantes had an agreement
with the German dye manufacturers whereby they made use of
German patents, but when the Compagnie Nationale was taken over
by Kuhlmann in July, 1924, this agreement was abruptly terminated.
It is not likely that German manufacturers could conclude any satis-
factory agreement in France without the participation of the large
Kuhlmann interests.
The exports of dyestuffs from France in 1924 amounted to 8,761,080
pounds, of which 4,911,849 pounds were indigo. French statistics
do not give the countries of destination for these products.
Tables 48 to 52 show the coal-tar dye imports and exports of
France for 1922 by countries and for 1924 by classes.
Table 48. — France: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 '
Dry
Paste
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Nitroso:
2,646
220
220
1,102
Nitroso:
United States
441
$164
Nitro -
Belgium
Total
4,188
$2,376
Nitro'
220
441
441
220
1,323
Great Britain
Pyrazolone;
Germany
220
Netherlands . .
Total
2,645
2,622
Pyrazolone:
2,646
118,828
220
82
^ Total
121, 694
162, 795
1
Stilbene:
1,323
55, 556
1,323
Stilbene -
Monoazo:
Great Britain..
5,070
16,314
.5,732
882
Other countries . . ..
Total
58, 202
49. 732
Monoazo:
Great Britain .
14, 109
45, 194
3,527
Switzerland .
716, 495
3,748
1,764
Italy
Total
Other countries
Total-.
784, 837
568, 758
27, 998
8,848
' General tables ofthe foreign commerce and navigation of France, official; converted at average exchange
rate, 1922, 1,000 francs=$81.93.
154 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 48. — -France: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 — Continued
Dry
Paste
Class and country
Polyazo:
Great Britain..
Germany.
Switzerland
United States..
Other countries
Total
Thiobenzenyl:
Great Britain. .
Germany
Switzerland
Other countries
Total
Sulphur:
Germany.-
Switzerland
Italy- — .
Other countries
Total..-
Indophenols:
Germany
Switzerland
Other countries
Total --.
Azines:
Great Britain...
Germany
Switzerland
United States..
Other countries
Total....
Pyronines:
Germany
Switzerland
Other countries
Total
Eosines:
Great Britain..
Switzerland
Other countries
Total
Diphenylmethane:
Germany.
Netherlands
Switzerland
Other countries
Total
Acridines:
Germany
Switzerland
Other countries
Total
Hydroquinones:
Great Britain...
Germany
Switzerland
Total
Pounds Value
Class and country
16, 975
700, 401
380, 073
40, 124
27, 778
Polyazo:
Germany
Switzerland.
1,165,351 ! $866,164
Total -
10, 803
5,732
16, 975
1,102
Thiobenzenyl.
34,612 1 38,589
11,023
141,315
17,416
3,086
172,840 1
128,466
1
504,853
42, 108 ,
3,968
550,929
245, 708
35, 494
6,173
30, 865
10, 141
3, 527
86,200 ;
89, 713
12,787 L
20,723 .
2,425 .
35,935 ;
80, 128
1
882 .-
10,802 .
882 '.
12,566
28, 020
11,023
7,275
377, 648
10, 141
406, 087
452, 745
7,716
35, 714
1,323
44,753
90,533
9,921
27, 337
20, 062
57, 320
80,947
Sulphur.
Indophenols:
Great Britain.
Germany
Switzerland...
Total.
Azines:
Great Britain.
Germany
United States.
Total.
Pyronines...
Eosines:
Great Britain.
Diphenylmethane:
United States.
Acridines -
Hydroquinones:
Great Britain.
Germany
Switzerland...
Total.
Pounds
18, 078
1,984
3,086
71, 870
16,314
1,102
11,243
2,646
14,991
220
48, 722
18,519
1,102
68, 343
20, 062 $3, 769
world's production and trade 155
Table 48. — France: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 — Continued
Dry
Paste
Class and country
Pounds
1
Value 1 Class and country
1
Poimds
Value
Indigotines:
5,732
9,480
4,409
220
Indigotines:
. ' Oermanv - -_
4,409
2,646
220
Switzerland
Italy -
China
Total
Total
19,841
$22, 121
7,275
$4, 834
Insoluble vat dyes other than
indigo:
Orpat. Tlritain - -
Insoluble vat dyes other than
indigo:
34, 612
3,748
220
441
70, 988
27,337
1 Ofirmanv -
Total
Total
38, 580
34,411
98, 766
36, 705
Cibanones:
Cibanones:
10, 803
1,763
25, 573
28,512
Total
12,566 23,350
3, 609, 146
2, 967, 178
Grand total .
355,600
148,960
Table 49. — France: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 '
Dry
Paste
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Nitroso:
4,409
1,323
24,250
4,189
882
Nitroso:
441
Belgium ..
661
Luxemburg
2,866
Other foreign
Other foreign
441
3,086
Total
Total
35, 053
$19, 581
7,495
$1,639
Nitro:
Italy -
Nitro:
Belgium .
220
221
441
2,205
164
Argentina
Pyrazolone:
Netherlands
Total
441
328
Pyrazolone:
Switzerland
220
819
Portugal
221
Guadeloupe ; 441
Total
882
655
Stilbene
Stilbene:
220
1,984
882
441
882
164
Switzerland
Monoazo:
Switzerland . .
1,102
Monoazo:
Belgium
328
Switzerland
Polyazo:
Egypt
French colonies
Total -
4, 189 1, 884
Polyazo:
Belgium
441
220
-
220
82
Thiobenzenyl
Portugal
Total
Thiobenzenyl
221
882 492
1
' General tables of the foreign commerce and navigation of France, official; converted at average ex-
change rate, 1922, 1,000 francs=$81.93.
156 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 49. — France: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 — Continued
Dry
Paste
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Class and country Pounds
Value
Sulphur:
220
3,748
220
7,055
Sulphur:
Switzerland 1, 102
$246
Indo-China
Total
11,243
$3, 359
Indophenols:
441
2,425
3,527
Indophenols ..
Germany. . .
Belgium. . .
Total..
6,393
$8, 111
Azines:
Luxemburg
441
Azines:
Belgium
1,102
441
441
220
246
Switzerland
Pyronines .
Brazil
Morocco.. .. . .
Total
2,204
2,294
Pyronines:
1,323
36, 817
2,425
661
Netherlands.
Eosines
Belgium...
Switzerland
Other foreign
Total
41, 226
122, 567
Eosines:
661
1,475
Brazil
Diphenylmethane:
Germany
3,307
4,630
1,102
2,205
661
43, 871
Diphenylmethane:
Belgium...
66, 358
22,046
4,189
11,243
4,630
14, 330
11,464
14,771
35, 274
55, 556
321,431
2,645
Switzerland
Belgium..
Portugal
Italy.
Spain
United States
Turkey
China
Indo-China.. .
Japan
Total
Other foreign
Tunis
Morocco
Indo-China .
Other French colonies
Total
563, 937
628, 731
55, 776
31, 133
Hydroquinones:
Great Britain
Acridine
220
4,630
Hydroquinones:
Spain
2,645
4,916
Belgium
Total
4,850
1,966
Indigotines:
Belgium
Indigotines:
Siam
661
156, 968
1,543
661
2,205
220
7,275
6,614
91, 050
661
6,173
2,866
Japan
Egypt
Other foreign
Japan
Algeria..
Tunis
Tunis
Morocco
Indo-China
Total
Total
162, 258
150, 751
114,639
76, 686
Insoluble vat dyes other than
indigo:
Insoluble vat dyes other than
indigo:
United States
7,275
1,984
6,173
16, 975
8,378
Other foreign
Spain
Algeria...
Total
Total
15, 432
26, 381
25, 353
9,422
Cibanones
Cibanones
Grand total
Grand total
847, 666
971, 689
213, 624
122, 731
WORLD S PRODUCTION AND TRADE
Table 50. — -France: Imports and exports of indigo, 1922 '
157
Imports
Country
Great Britain
Greece
British India
San Salvador
Other foreign countries
French India
Total....
Pounds Value
4,189
1,984
3,086
4,409
441
1,543
15, 652
$14, 584
Exports
Country
Italy
Japan
United States.
Other foreign countries
Algeria
Tunis. ,
Morocco--
Indo-China--
Total
Pounds
2,645
97, 664
308, 203
882
5,071
1,543
882
24, 471
441, 361
Value
$492, 072
1 From general tables of the foreign commerce and navigation of France, official; converted at average
exchange rate for 1922, 1,000 francs=$81.93.
Table 51. — France: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 '
Class
Nitrozo--
Nitro.- ,
Pyrazolone
Stilbene ,
Monoazo. ,
Polyazo ,
Thiobenzenyl
Sulphur ,
Indophenol
Azines
Pyionines ,
Eosines
Diphenylmethane
Acridines
Hydroquinones
Indigotines
Insoluble vat colors
other than indigo..
Cibanones.-
Indigo 2
Total
Imports
Dry
Pounds Value
4,850
9,921
148,811
51, 367
752, 650
1, 254, 418
35, 935
99, 427
1, 346, 790
89. 286
88, 404
11,243
613, 981
69, 665
101,412
82, 673
102, 734
31. 305
10, 141
4, 905, 013
$3, 033
10, 303
133, 313
39,643
495, 333
1. 552, 526
49, 790
82, 216
1, 180, 620
81, 954
196, 805
17, 677
659, 712
106, 640
165, 686
73, 952
169, 034
40, 271
7,636
5, 066, 144
Paste
Pounds Value
Exports
Dry
Pounds Value
$52
441
23, 589
36, 817
441
2,866
92,373
1,102
4,189
220
1,543
90, 168
7,276
262
11.297
24,006
262
680
55, 856
366
1,569
262
1,045
52
38, 859
4,550
185,627 199,002
48,060 i 33,890
494,712 372,010
226, 412
5,512
441
2,425
35, 715
801, 372
3,086
22,046
6,173
441
1, 198, 641
15, 212
876, 549
1,323
12, 125
1, 994, 061
253, 749
2,205
2, 030, 437
$92. 623
2,563
314
1,308
10. 251
293, 560
1,360
4,602
5,438
314
2, 235, 773
23,169
710, 339
1,569
14, 434
1. 568, 634
402, 919
2,458
1, 647, 345
7,487,925 7,018,973
Paste
Pounds Value
8,157 $1,046
11,905 2,615
441 105
1,543 209
882 523
661
209
441
143, 519
210, 980
2, 918. 449
7,055
1,324
l.'^7
47, 802
50, 574
546, 744
5,387
837
3,305,357 1 656,208
1 From December, 1924, issue of monthly foreign commerce statistics of France, official, converted at
average exchange rate for 1924, 1,000 francs=$52.30.
s Does not state whether dry or paste.
Table 52. — France: Imports and exports of indigo, 1922, 1923, and 1924 *
Imports
Exports
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
1922
18, 298
33, 730
10, 141
$15,485
27, 618
7,636
519, 183
1, 223, 994
2, 030, 437
$492, 072
1923
1, 185, 896
1924
1, 647, 345
' From December, 1924, issue of monthly foreign commerce statistics of France, official. Weights ar»
gross.
I
47285— 25t 12
158 census of dyes and othee synthetic chemicals
Dye Industry of Japan
Subsidy to dye industry. — The Japanese Diet, before its adjourn-
ment on March 31, 1925, passed an act subsidizing the Japanese
dye industry to the extent of 4,000,000 yen to be distributed over a
period of six years, the maximum amount to be paid out in one year
not to exceed 1,000,000 yen. The principal manufacturers are the
Nippon Senryo Seiyo Kaisha (Japan Dye Manufacturing Co.), and
the Mitsui Koyan Kabrechiki (Mitsui Mining Co.) of Tokyo. On
the stock of the former concern the Government has been guarantee-
ing an 8 per cent dividend, which may now have to be reduced. It is
reported that both firms ^ are quahfied by capacity and personnel to
receive this protection, and that the amount paid will be in proportion
to the dye production, the Nippon Senryo Kaisha receiving 80 per
cent and the Mitsui 20 per cent. The Nippon allotment will total
3,200,000 yen, or a little over 530,000 yen per year, as against about
2,000,000 yen per year, which it has received under the former law.
To maintain the 8 per cent dividend dye prices must be increased or
funds must be found elsewhere.
Consolidation of the German dye agencies in Japan. — -Shortly after
the adoption of the license-control system of regulating imports of
dyes into Japan, a merger of all German dye-sales agencies in Japan
was reported to be in progress, the plan being to consolidate the
present offices and laboratories under the direction of one head to
be assisted by five commercial directors, two technical directors, and
two directors specializing on indigo sales. It is further reported that
technical laboratories will be established in the different textile dis-
tricts for furnishing technical aid to the dyers and mills. The fol-
lowing firms with about 100 Germans on the staff have offices or
selling agencies in Japan, and are probably included in the merger:
Badische, Bayer, Casella, Berlin, A. Leonhardt, Meister Lucius and
Brunig, and Kalle.
Certain of the chemical side lines handled by German firms will
not be controlled by the merger, as for example, the Badische's busi-
ness in ammonium sulfate and compressed ammonia. The new
consolidation should effect considerable economy and with a uniform
sales policy and should be a powerful factor in the dye trade of
Japan. Many Japanese distributors connected with the firms to be
merged are said to be seriously concerned about their future status.
• World Trade Notes on Coil-Tar Products, No. 61- B, No. 2, Department of Commerce.
WORLD S PEODUCTION AND TRADE
159
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
Table 53. — Japan: Imjyorts and exports of coal-tar dyes, by classes, 1923 and
1924 (first 9 months) i
1923
Aniline dyes
Indigo, artificial
Other coal-tar dyes
Indigo, natural, dry
Coal-tar dyes
1924 (first 9 months)
Aniline dyes
Indigo, artificial
Other coal-tar dyes
Indigo, natural, dry
Coal-tar dyes
Imports
Pounds Value
Exports
Pounds Value
10,554,189 $4,754,203
«, 169,517 1,724,843
94,073 95,071
135,359 i 115,205
13,953,137 6,689,322
12, 497, 675
2, 340, 947
146, 391
103, 889
4, 288, 894
1, 120, 698
141, 060
92, 465
2,296,327 $396,397
15,088,902 5,643,117 1,664,672 253,020
• From October,' November, and December, 1923, and September, 1924, issues of monthly returns of the
foreign trade of the Empire of Japan; converted at average exchange rate, 1923, one yen=$0.4858; and
for first 9 months of 1924, one yen=$0.4207.
Table 5-1.
'Japan: Imports of coal-tar dyes (exclusive of indigo), by countries,
1923 and 1924 {first 9 months)^
Country-
1923
1924 (first 9 months)
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Great Britain
48, 150
114,208
9, 093, 770
641,461
540,230
210,442
$37,300
70,946
4, 082, 452
409,528
179, 385
69,664
10,164
$6,098
France
81,131 1 30,468
Germany
11,268,565 3,927,688
Switzerland
577,674 ; 274,503
United States..
682,659 1 178,784
Other..
23,873 12,414
Total.
10, 648, 261
4, 849, 275
12, 644, 066 4. 429. QMi
' From the October, November, and December, 1923, issue and the December, 1924, issue, respectively,
of monthly returns of the foreign trade of the Empire of Japan. Values converted at average exchange
rate for 1923, 1 yen=$0.4858 and for first 9 months of 1924, 1 yen=$0.4207.
Dye Industry of Poland *
Introduction. — Under the treaty of Ver.-5ailles, Poland was restored
as an independent State composed of Provinces that it formerly
comprised but that had been partitioned by conquest by Russia,
Austria, and Germany; and in 1921 Polish Upper Silesia was added
to the new Poland by a decision of the League Council. Two of
these four Provinces, Russian Poland and Upper Silesia, had coal-tar
chemical industries prior to 1914. At present (1924) most of the
production of coal-tar crudes is in Upper Silesia and the manufac-
ture of the dyes is carried out in Russian Poland.
Owing to the extensive development of the textile and tanning
industries, Poland was a large consumer of dyes before the war ana
an exporter of finished textiles.
Pre-war production. — Most of the pre-war dye requirements were
furnished by Germany, a significant part being supplied by the
• Prom American Consulate General, Warsaw, Poland, Oct. 6, 1924.
160 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Polish dye industry only during the period immediately before the
war. Two of the four existing dye plants began dye making in 1899:
the Polish Chemical Industry of Zgierz in a small plant at Lodz,
and the Pab Janice Chemical Industry Corporation with a capital
stock of 3,000,000 rubles at Pabjanice. Both of these sites were
near Lodz, the Polish textile center. A third plant was established
later at Wola Krzysztoporska.
The dye production consisted of a few simple dyes, many of the
azo type, produced from imported German intermediates. The
Polish coal of Dombrowa basin was noncoking, and coking plants
were not operated in Russian Poland. The products of the coke
and gas plants were collected and utilized only to a small extent and
at best were recovered in a crude fonn and not refined. The four
tar distilleries were operated for the production of certain basic tar
derivatives. The tar products of the Upper Silesian plants were
largely sold to Germany.
Post-war developments. — The great World War completely changed
the industrial situation in Poland on account of (1) the loss of Russian
export markets; (2) the destruction of the dye plants by the Germans;
and (3) the addition of Upper Silesia to the new Poland. After the
war the production of dyes ceased, not entirely because of the lack
of demand but largely owing to the thorough destruction of the
plants by the Germans, who either carried off or destroyed the
apparatus. The Zgierz plant (Polish Chemical Industry) was re-
organized with expanded investment. This firm produces dves,
drugs, and intermediates and employs 213 men. A new plant
established at Zawiercie in 1920 (Zaglebie Chemical Plants Corpor-
ation) produces intermediates and dyes. The other two plants
include the Pabjanice Chemical Industry Corporation, producing
dves and drugs and employing 300 men, and the Chemical Plant
Wola Krzysztoporska, producing dyes and employing 35 men. The
production of dyes and intermediates developed and soon resulted
in an increased quantity and variety of products.
T(ir production.- — The Upper Silesian coal mines give a supply of
coking coal. Eleven coking plants were in operation, and four tar-
distilling plants; these insure a home supply of crudes. The reported
production of the 11 coking plants in lois was as follows:
Metric tons
Consumption of coal 1, 600, 000
Production of:
Tar 75, 000
Raw benzene 12, 000
Ammonium sulfate 25, 000
Crudes. — The postwar annual production of three tar-distilling
plants in Upper Silesia is reported as follows :
Metric tons
Benzene 5, 500
Toluene 1, 400
Phenol 750
Naphthalene 2, 250
Heavy oils 11, 000
Hard pitch 19, 000
world's production and trade 161
The production of by-products at 93 coal-gas works in 1923 was
as follows:
Metric tons
Crude tar 25, 200
Refined tar 3, 652
Pitch 2, 879
Tar oils 2, 237
Naphthalene • 142
Phenol and carbolic acid 157
Benzene 453
Toluene 38
Xylene 127
Ammonium sulfate 767
Ammonia 24° 1, 132
Liquid ammonia 27
Intermediates production. — The Zgierz and Zaglebie plants are pro-
ducers of intermediates, which include derivatives from benzene^
toluene, and naphthalene. It is reported that they supply 65 per-
cent of their requirements.
Most of the dyes produced are direct cotton, acid, and sulphur
dyes with a smaller proportion of the basic and chrome dyes. The
home market production is estimated to supply about 35 per cent
of the consumption and is reported to be on the increase.
The Chemical Industry of Poland placed upon the market over 30
direct dyes for cotton, 6 sulphur dyes, 12 acid dyes, about 10 basic
dyes, and nearly a dozen wool-chrome dyes, and in addition a variety
of dyes for union goods.
Coal-tar dyes: Pounds
1922 2, 142,871
1923 4,303,379
Consuwption of dyes. — The pre-war consumption of dyes by the
textile industry of Poland is estimated at 12,037,116 pounds, divided
by classes of application as follows:
Pounds
Acid dyes 5, 952, 420
Direct dyes 4, 100, 556
Sulphur dyes 1, 763, 680
Special dyes, mostly of the alizarin and indigo group 220, 460
Total 12, 037, 116
Dye-consuming industries. — The cotton industry consumes about
300,000 bales of cotton per year, operating in 1923 more than 2,000,000
spindles and 45,000 looms. The woolen mills used 25,000 tons of
wool and operated 800,000 spindles and about 15,000 looms. The
jute and the linen industry have a combined total of about 1,000
looms. The output of cotton piece goods in 1923 is estimated to be
79,000 tons and of woolen goods 27,000 tons.
The tanning industry is a heavy dye consumer. In 1922, the
production by 153 tanneries was sole leather, 6,012 tons; belting
harness, and Russia leather, 1,904 tons; all other leather about 5,300
tons.
The paper industry comprises 19 mills producing about 48,000
tons of paper per year.
k
162
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Dye Industry of Spain
Before the war the firm of Vero Vidal, Barcelona, was the only-
important dye manufacturer in Spain. The import duties then in
effect did not afford sufficient protection, and little advancement in
the industry was made until the war shut off imports of dye-stuffs.
The shortage of raw materials during the war prevented the Spanish
dye industry from expanding as much as it might have done, but after
the war an increase in the import duty to 1.20 gold pesetas per kilo
enabled manufacturers to expand their business. The increased
duty was so effective in restricting imports that on petition the
Government levied 4 gold pesetas per kilo on aniUne powders and 2
gold pesetas per kilo on paste. These new duties with the gold sur-
charge at present in force amount to a dut}^ of 6 and 3 paper pesetas
per kilo, respectively, on aniline powders and pastes.
A combination of Spanish dye manufacturers known as the ''Fabri-
cacion Nacional de Colorantes y Explosivos," formed two years ago,
manufactures Sulphur black. Aniline oil, Acid black, Orange II, Benzo
blue 4 B, Direct blue 2 B, Chrome black (F type only), Chrysoidine,
Bismarck brown. Acid red, and a few other direct and acid colors.
This company purchases a large part of its raw materials, such as
dinitrochlorobenzol, H acid, paranitranihne, and beta naphthol.
The Fabricacion Nacional de Colorantes y Explosivos is important
only to that part of the Spanish dye business using Sulphur black,
Acid black, and Aniline oil. German, British, and Swiss manufacturers
are all represented by selUng agencies in Spain.
Table 55. — Spain: Imports of coal-tar dyes 1923 and first six months of 1924^
Class
1923
1924 (first 6 months)
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Coal-tar dyes:
1, 282, 268
52, 320
109, 813
$1, 092, 598
24,005
53, 997
425, 267
27, 558
56, 658
Paste ---
Indigo, synthetic.
Total
i, 444, 401
1, 170, 600
509, 483
1 From December, 1923, and June, 1924, issues of monthly Review of Foreign Trade Statistics of Spain,
official; values converted at average exchange rate, 1923, 1 peseta=$0.1445.
Dye Trade of Other Countries
Tables 56 to 72 show the coal-tar trade of other foreign countries
in recent years. Similar data for earlier years have been published
in the Census of Dves and Other Synthetic Organic Chemicals for
1922 and 1923.
WORLD S PRODUCTIOX AND TRADE 163
Table 56. — Argentina: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 192S ^
Dyes
1922
1923
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Analine dves. _..
1, 043, 799
741
$401, 574
468
1, 151, 262
1,351
$27, 169
Indigo . . -
860
Total
1, 044, 540
402, 042
1, 152, 613
28,029
1 From the foreign commerce of Argentina, official; value converted at average exchange rate, 1923, one
gold peso=$0.7S55.
Table 57. — Austria: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1923 and 1924 '
Class and country-
Alizarin dyes:
Germany.-
Italy
Rumania..
Switzerland
Serbia, etc.
Trieste...
Czechoslovakia.,
Hungary
Other countries.
rp„,„, /pounds.. 114,418
^'"'^' - \value..-.l $49,434
1923
Imports Exports
Pounds
105, 159
8,377
"""882"
Pounds
661
441
883
220
1,102
1,543
4,850
$2, 431
1924
Imports
Pounds
104, 498
Pounds
3,748
1,102
441
1,984
110,230
$111,430
Indigo, synthetic:
Belgium..
Germany
France
Switzerland
Serbia, etc.
Czechoslovakia.
Hungary
Other countries.
102, 955
5,512
182, 982
13,228
5,071
7,055
415, 667
3,968
80, 468
3,086
Total /pounds.
^°'^^' - - lvalue...
299, 165
$79, 824
13, 669
$4,052
882
"882'
508, 822
$252, 440
3,968
w
other coal-tar dyes:
Bulgaria...
Denmark
Germany... | 1,391,544
Italy t
Netherlands '
Poland .j
Rumania i
Switzerland 147,267
Serbia, etc I
Czechoslovakia ! 16,535
Hungary .' 1,543
Other countries 661
4,189
19, 621
4,409
1,764
3,968
31,306
661
52,690
17,416
36, 376
8,818
1, 902, 129
4,409
Exports
220
1,763
$1,823
3,086
1,764
5,732
10, 582
$6, 078
1,323
51, 367
1,764
229, 719
18, 078
1,543
9,921
5,070
25, 132
882
48,281
36, 596
50,706
3,307
rr,„t„, /pounds.. 1,561,518
^"^^^ - Value.. ..j $674,455
181,218
$57, 336
2, 165, 799
$2, 388, 451
Grand total \^^:j ^'^fn
199, 737
$63, 819
2, 784. 851
$2, 742, 321
224, 428
$268, 040
236, 773
$275, 941
' From official statistics of Austrian foreign trade; value converted at exchange rate o f 1 gold crown=
$0.2026.
164 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 58. — Belgium: Imports and exports of indigo, natural and artificial, 1924 ^
Country
Imports
Exports
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
France -
49,414
1,926
23, 250
$8,370
494
5,352
Great Britain
Other countries
12,019
$2, 327
Total
74, 590
14, 216
12, 019
2,327
1 From official bulletins of the foreign trade of Belgium; value converted at average exchange rate
1924, 1 Belgian franc= $0.0464.
Table 59. — Brazil: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922, and 192S ^
1922
1923
Class
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Aniline or fuchsine dyes
Indigo and ultramarine blue.- .- .. - .
1, 541. 952
1, 142, 025
$702, 835
248, 145
1, 224, 743
1,108,211
$833, 674
213, 108
Total-
2, 683, 977
950, 980
2, 332, 954
1, 046, 782
' From Foreign Trade of Brazil; values converted at average exchange; 1922, 1 milreis, paper, =$0.12935
and 1923= $0.1023.
Table 60. — Canada: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 12 months ended March, 1924 '
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Aniline and coal-tar dyes,
alizarin:
United Kingdom...
soluble
in
water,
including alizarin and artificial
272, 968
1, 803, 020
617, .501
245, .532
180, 970
223, 352
4,956
$130 206
United States
1 079 129
Germany-
430. 276
Netherlands,.
195, 496
Sweden . . .
96 807
Switzerland
151,505
Other countries
2 159
Total
3, 348, 299
2, 085. 578
. 0. p.:
Aniline and coal-tar dyes, n
United Kingdom
2,352
20, 930
1.242
856
United States
10, 152
Other countries _ . _ _ _ __
1,102
Total-
24, 624
12, 110
Indigo:
United Kingdom -
347
United States
400
Other countries _ _ _ __
Total:
347
400
Indigo paste and extract:
United States
85, 516
43, 935
16,494
Other countries _ . _ _
7, 123
Total
129, 451
23, 617
Grand total
3, 502, 621
2, 121, 705
' From March, 1924, issue of Monthly Report of the Trade of Canada, value converted at average exchange
rate, year ended March, 1924, one Canadian dollar=$0.9761.
WORLD \S PRODUCTION AND TRADE
Table 61. — China: Imports of dyes, colors, and paints, 192S '
165
Imported from—
Analine
Indigo,
irtiflcial
Dyes and colors,
unclassed '
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Hongkong
$1,016,638
22, 686
363
78
3,457
0, 305
90, 986
22, 425
27, 426
24,718
3, 844, 278
1,115,352
110,010
43, 622
41,865
2,263
8,253
166,310
1,902
2,400
276, 530
1,579,729
$573, 196
11,051,172
81,333
11,467
916, 665
27,200
21,333
293, 866
$436, 229
French Indo-China
2,478
Siam
267
72
1,030
Singapore, Straits, etc
44, 858
...
1,358
British India
2,895
Great Britain
1,829,062
614, 962
54, 818
Norway
Sweden
133
13,333
1, 622, 929
469, 599
478, 132
853, 732
52
Denmark
1,760
Germany . . ...
10, 938, 239
389, 006
45,600
1,461,196
6, 239, 584
3, 523, 870
109, 407
10, 308
466, 242
1,777,092
549, 488
Netherlands
67,062
Belgium...
52, 510
Franco
84, 443
Switzerland
2,442
Italy
5, 170
Korea
8, 267
14, 933
2,667
996
9,684
1,066
3, 335, 592
7, 501, 048
56, 126
Japan and Formosa
520, 151
Philippine Islands..
Canada
4,133
337, 599
2,188
United States of America and Hawaii
Russia, Pacific ports
12, 021, 037
2,733
2, 648, 023
2,554
43, 612
Macao.
84,800
1,333
3,600
10, 933
2,455
Turkey, Persia, Egypt, Aden, etc
141
Russia and Siberia, by land frontier
648
Russia and Siberia, by Pacific ports
2,450
Total
6, 827, 768
473, 111
34, 535, 380
388, 532
9, 597, 473
143, 938
27, 179, 932
227, 199
1, 934, 365
Reexports
29, 136
Total net imports
6, 354, 657
34, 146, 848
9, 453, 534
26, 952, 733
1, 905, 229
' From Foreign Trade of China. Value converted at average exchange in 1923, "haikwan tael"=$0.80.
2 Probably includes colors other than coal-tar dyes.
Table 62. — -Czechoslovakia: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, calendar year
1923 1
Class and country
Alizarin, alizarin colors and syn-
thetic indigo:
Germany
France
Switzerland
Poland
Austria-
Belgium
Total.
Imports
Pounds Value
96, 162
30, 628
14, 098
3, 527
522
450
$33, 720
9,401
3,457
2,412
314
1,310
145,387 50,614
Exports
Class and country
Alizarin, alizarin colors and
synthetic indigo:
British India and Ceylon.
Netherlands
Germany
Switzerland
France.
Japan
Denmark
Austria
Hungary
Poland
Italy
Persia ,
Danzig. ,
Dutch East Indies..
Norway
Other countries
Total 473,
167,371
$30, 378
110,525
17, 940
73, 173
25, 990
54, 105
24,057
50,241
22, 230
4,171
3,480
4,017
1,251
2,928
864
2,491
668
2,480
1,824
526
275
478
209
408
326
406
72
313
237
64
59
129,860
I From foreign commerce of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, official. Value converted at average ex-
change rate, 1923, one crown =$0.02946.
,0
166
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 62. — Czechoslovakia: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, calendar year
1923 — Continued
Class and country
Imports
Class and country
Exports
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Azo and sulphur dyes:
Germany
552,034
85,444
3,137
388
77
$239, 920
55, 901
1,342
121
32
Azo and sulphur dyes:
Germany
52,646
12, 522
3,300
2,945
2,562
1,565
1,210
7&3
392
284
243
124
68
29
$4,375
Switzerland
Austria .
4,918
Austria . .
Netherlands
2,626
Netherlands
Hungary
1,638
Hungary
Jugoslavia
922
Italy
594
Sweden
1,343
Finland
414
Poland,.
476
Norway
220
Belgium
156
Rumania
35
Great Britain and Ireland.
Denmarli
62
44
Total
Total-
641, 080
297, 316
78, 673
17,823
All other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
All other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
3, 700, 650
473, 482
90, 556
26, 288
21, 962
10,245
2,906
2,313
2,105
1,543
159
1, 979, 833
303, 371
32, 630
2,708
12, 562
4,989
1,063
750
1,010
1,890
44
100, 276
51,019
21,074
14, 930
10, 695
7,185
6,717
6,468
5,560
3,082
1,863
1,446
752
661
489
456
408
375
328
234
492
24, 973
Switzerland -. . ..
Austria
23, 341
France
Poland-
4,758
United States .
Hungary..
5,681
Austria
Netherlands
6,640
Poland.-
Sweden
3,840
Hungary
Rumania
3,726
Italy
Italy...
3,871
Netherlands
Jugoslavia
2,548
Great Britain and Ireland...
France
2,478
Other countries
Finland
1,258
Switzerland..
1,666
Norway
634
Canada
608
Belgium . .
233
Trieste
389
Latvia
39
Great Britain and Ireland.
French possessions in Africa
Denmark
322
79
223
Other countries
563
Total. -. .
Total
4, 332, 209
2, 340, 850
234, 510
87, 870
Grand total
Grand total
5, 118, 676
2, 688, 780
786,879
235, 553
world's production and trade 167
Table 63. — Dutch East Indies: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922, 192S, and 1924 '
1922
1923
1924
Wet
Dry
Wet and dry
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Pounds
Alizarin dyes:
Netherlands.
250, 398
56, 416
180, 006
$134, 613
24, 526
85, 584
21, 054
110
33, 962
$21, 211
88
36. 055
206, 836
246, 430
250,471
291, 062
106, 348
637, 524
8,598
298
7,936
45, 770
4,017
Total
486, 820
244, 723
55,126
57,354
757,443
1,047,847
Aniline dyes:
4,674
125, 742
98, 579
2,130
373. 153
131, 194
4,400
2,888
196, 176
531, 209
631
14, 037
11,072
6,107
49, 626
260
5,595
Italy
562
7,793
4,852
46, 429
320
China
734
Hongkong
244
110
10, 723
440 ! 7
Total
7,672
359, 323
541,611 1 721,081
Synthetic indigo:
Netherlands
591, 505
357, 507
5,558
214, 012 485, 814
Great Britain
30, 093 6, 614
499, 322
282, 527
1,462
194,911 1 554, aSl
142, 285 1 109. 525
Belgium
6,614
51, 632
19, 841
2,887
19, 012
7,044
29, 762
Italy
4,189
71,947
153, 793
5,952
47, 730
4
43, 651
86, 112
2,248
132
Japan
1
66
2,039
Total
1, 168, 914
fifiS. 977
13, 248
939, 184
1, 239, 498
Grand total
1, 663, 406
913, 700
427, 697
57, 354
2, 238, 238
3, 008, 426
1 From imports and exports of the principal articles of commerce entering into the free traffic of Java
and Madura; value converted at average exchange rate, 1922, one gulden=$0.3849; 1923=$0.3910; 1924=
$0.3822.
Table 64. — Dutch East Indies: Exports of natural indigo, 1920-1924 '
Java and Madura
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
Indigo, dry:
Pounds
586
58,510
Pound:s
2,363
97,399
Pounds
7,394
11,023
Povjids
Pounds
Singapore- .. .. ...
5,952
3,267
China.
1
441
8,457
Japan
9,963
54.068
10, 582
15, 644
Total
69, 059
153, 830
28, 999
8,898
24,863
Indigo, wet:
British India
1
1
5,445
4,409
1
346, 299
127
13, 779
2,646
1
Total
346, 426
13, 779
9,854
2,646
Grand total
415, 485
167, 609
38,853
11,544
24,863
1 From imports and exports of the principal articles of commerce entering into the free traflBc of Java and
Madura, value converted at average exchange rate 1920, one gulden =$0.3407; 1921=$0.3367; 1922=$0.3849,
1923 = $0.3910; 1924=$0.3822.
168 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 65. — Egypt: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 *
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Indigo, synthetic:
United Kingdom . . .......
24,703
147, 821
560, 627
214, 572
26
$16, 896
42, 991
347, 295
Switzerland
77, 178
Other countries . .
27
Total
947, 749
484, 387
Other coal-tar dyes:
United Kingdom
3,510
9,374
7,423
562, 091
17, 769
2,939
Belgium
2,585
France
2,675
Germany
223,523
Switzerland
13, 014
Syria .. .. . . . .. ..
Other countries . . .
7,712
2,352
Total
607, 879
247, 088
Indigo, natural:
British India.
109, 893
87, 943
Total
109, 893
87, 943
Other dyes:
United Kingdom
5,531
2,967
5,860
4,398
1.653
1,581
4,564
France
1. '"
Germany
2
Italy
1
United States
1
Other countries
633
Total ...
21, 990
12. 381
Grand total
1,687,511
831, 799
• From annual statement of the foreign trade of Egypt, value converted at average exchange rate, 1924 ,
one Egyptian pound =$4.4876.
Table 66. — Egypt: Reexports of coal-tar dyes, 1924^
Class and country
Pounds
Value
Indigo, synthetic
5,732
172
1,623
$3, 442
Other coal-tar dyes:
99
Other countries , - -----
1,095
Total
1,795
1,194
Indigo, natural ..
29
22
1 From annual statement of the foreign trade of Egypt; value converted at average exchange rate, 1924,
one Egyptian pound =$4.4876.
WORLD S PRODUCTION AND TRADE
169
T.\BLE 67. — India: Imponts of coal-tar dyes and exports of natural indigo, 192S
and 1924 '
Imports of coal-tar dyes
Exports of natural indigo
Year
ended
Mar. 31,
1923
Calendar year
1924
Year
ended
Mar.
31, 1923
Calendar year
1924
Pounds
1
Pounds 1 Value
1
Pounds
Pounds
Value
Alizarin dj'es
5, 285, 661
8, 741, 929
9,269,626 :.$2,102,031
11,301,298 6,926,897
145,936 : 139,418
1,590 i 1.342
Aniline dyes
Indigo, synthetic
Other coal tar dyes
92,232
Total
14, 119, 822
20, 718, 450 ;9, 169, 688
To-
United Kingdom.
Asiatic Turkey...
Persia
From—
United Kingdom..
Germany
1, 326, 261
9. 922. 018
1, 513, 106 ! 443, 281
14,810,512 '6,787,968
1, 402, 175 522, 222
253,642 1 192,352
405,084 ! 198,238
2,056,417 ; 807,828
131,578 78,381
86.128
129, 808
63,728
41,216
129, 136
68,096
$65, 973
Belgium ! 1,002,955
31. 360
99. 680
28, 452
Switzerland 53. 259
Japan
S5. 370
United States
Netherlands
726, 391
Egypt
Mesopotamia
88, 704 1 66; 811
87,136 t 95,066
Other countries
1, 088, 938
Other countries .
Total
57,904
60, 032 1 62, 749
Total
14,119,822
20,572,614
9, 030. 270
507,920
435, 008
398, 421
• ' From accounts relating to the sea-borne trade and navigation of British India, value converted at
average exchange rate, 1924, one rupee=$0.3179.
Table 68. — Italy: Imports and exports of synthetic organic dyes, 192S and 1924 ^
1923
1924
Class
Imports
Exports
Imports
Exports
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Sulphur black
10, 141
$3. 517
27, 558
$4,569
48, 501
1,323
200, 839
7,716
2, 546, 533
867, 290
1, 138, 455
1,223,112
$9, 019
161,818
$25. 626
Account of German repa-
rations
Other sulphur dyes .. .
464, 950
239,864
34,833
22, 396
104,188
28,660
15, 434
Account of German repa-
% rations
Other synthetic organic dyes
dry or containing less than
50 per cent of water
Account of German repa-
rations
3. 187, 851
2, 299, 839
571,653
616, 186
2, 321, 541
480, 823
485, 345
1, 932, 237
327, 163
313, 639
In paste or containing 50 per
cent or more of water
Account of German repa-
rations.
172, 366
104, 498
36, 171
327,844
23, 368
22, 094
Total
7.150.620 2.7,37.288
647, 712
548, 481
6, 033, 770
2, 373, 288
541,009
376, 793
' From official statistics of domestic exports and imports for consumption, Jan. 1 to Dec. 31, 1923 and
1924, respectively; value converted at average exchange rate, 1923, one lira=$0.0460, and 1924. one lira—
$0.0436.
170 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 68a.- — Italy: Imports of synthetic organic dyes by countries, 1923 and 1924
Imported from—
1923
1924
Pounds
Pounds
964, 733
3, 329, 387
2, 916, 024
662, 482
242, 506
2, 025, 366
2, 099, 440
Switzerland
771, 390
Other countries - -
172, 841
Total. -.
7,150,399
6, 033, 770
Table 69. — Netherlands: Imports and exports of synthetic organic dyes, calendar (i
year 1923 ' ' .|
Class and country
Anilin and other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
Belgium
France--
Switzerland-
Great Britain
United States-.
Sweden -
Denmark and Iceland
Italy and Fiume
Czechoslovakia
Other countries
Total 4,559,133
Imports
Pounds Value
3,428,153 $1,563,609
94,798
608, 470
354, 941
30, 864
4,409
6,614
6,614
8,818
6,614
8,838
35, 581
242, 811
251, 413
15, 640
3,910
4,692
3,910
6,083
3,128
7,038
2, 136, 815
Indigo, synthetic:
Germany 361,554
France- 57,320
Switzerland- -. 24,251
Other countries-
2,204
76, 636
10, 166
4,692
1,173
Total-- 445,329
92, 667
Other synthetic organic dyes:
Germany 1 123,458
Other countries i 2,204
4,692
391
Total.-
Grand total -
125, 662
5,083
5, 130, 124 2, 234, 565
Class and country
Anilin and other coal-tar dyes:
Germany
Belgium...
Great Britain
United States
Dutch East Indies
Sweden
Denmark and Iceland
Italy and Fiume
Portugal
France.
Norway
Serbia
Spain -
Switzerland
Egypt.
Luxemburg
Hongkong--
Japan and Korea
India Empire
Mexico
Esthonia
China.-
Other countries
Total.
Indigo, synthetic:
Belgium-.
Greece
Czechoslovakia-
China
Mexico
Other countries -
Total
Exports
Pounds Value
52, 910
310, 849
37, 478
33, 069
15, 432
28, 660
108, 025
24,251
35, 274
4,409
17, 637
6,614
4,409
6,614
6,614
8,818
13, 228
6,614
41,887
4,409
6, 6M
57, 320
26, 454
857, 589
26, 455
39, 683
26, 455
114, 639
6,614
6,614
220, 460
Grand total 1,078,049
$39, 491
73, 899
24, 633
28,543
7,429
r ' "
4
1
1.,
4,692
8,211
3,128
2,346
3,519
2,346
5,082
2,346
4,301
9,775
2,346
3,519
12,.512
13, 295
335, 478
5,083
26, 197
4,692
21, 114
1,955
1,955
60,996
396,474
' From annual statistics of the foreign trade of the Netherlands, value converted at average exchange rate,
1923, 1,000 florin=$391.
WOELD's PKODUCTION AND TKADE 171
Table 70. — Sweden: Imports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923 ^
Class and country
1922
1923
Pounds Value
Pounds
Value
Alizarin dyes:
Denmark
377 $537
672
337
1,003
15D, 255
15, 657
9,810
450
146
$729
Finland.
366
Danzig..
1,087
Germany
95, 539
136, 092
162, 869
Belgium
16, 971
France
1
10, 634
Switzerland
487
Other countries
154 [ 220
158
Total
96,070 j 136,849
178, 330
193, 301
Anilin and other coal-tar dyes:
Norway.
11,067 8,539
21,757 16,788
17, 524
22, 917
4,866
1,543
1,845
99, 388
127,911
59, 002
40, 629
318,814
7,127
1, 891, 262
12, 136
Denmark ...
15, 870
Finland
3,369
Latvia
1
1,069
Danrig
1,278
Netherlands
3,931 ! 3,033
10, 064 7, 765
22,308 17,213
4, 083 3, 150
151,681 117,036
1, 129 ; 871
1,523,603 1,175,599
1,065 822
434 335
68, 829
Belgium.-
88, 581
Great Britain. ....
40, 860
France
28, 136
Switzerland
220, 787
United States
4,936
Germany ....
1, 309, 746
Austria
Other countries
439
304
Total
1, 751, 122 i 1, 351, 151
2, 593, 267
1,795,901
Indigo, synthetic:
Germany
42, 110 22, 737
81,859
11
761
34, 758
Great Britain
5
Switzerland
331 366
1,241
Total
42,441 23,103
82, 631
36,004
Other indigo dyes:
Germany
15,825 i 3,757
Total
15,825 1 3,757
110
17
Indigo, natural:
Total
11 32
44
126
Grand total
1,905,469 1 1,514,892
1
2,854,382
2, 025, 349
1 From official trade statistics of the Swedish Department of Commerce; value converted at average
exchange rate of one kronor=$0.2617 in 1922 and $0.2655 in 1923.
Table 71. — Sweden: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923 '
Class and country
1922
1923
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Alizarin dyes:
Denmark
220
24
$366
SO
Other countries
Total.-
244
455
194
$347
Anilin and other coaHar dyes:
Norway
8,993
19, 068
1,622
7,165
11
1,830
1
11,905 1 29.815
31,932
20, 530
Denmark
14, 259
2,477
2,979
26
811
27, 105
15, 461
14, 330
Finland..
16, 107
Russia
4,779
Esthonia
Latvia
Netherlands
961 fi.'^fi
2,436
10, 053
2,777
Great Britain
6,240
' From ofTicial trade statistics of the Swedish Department of Commerce; value converted at average
exchange rate of one kronor= $0.2617 in 1922 and $0.2655 in 1923.
172 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 71. — Sweden: Exports of coal-tar dyes, 1922 and 1923 — Continued
Class and country-
1922
1923
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
British East India
1,378
62
$1, 487
Other countries .... ...
172
Total..
39, 650
33,093
100, 700
84, 026
Indigo, synthetic:
Norway
220
290
377
463
603
Netherlands .
265
Total
220
290
840
768
Grand total
40, 114
33, 838
101, 734
85, 141
Table 72. — Switzerland: Imports and exports of coal-tar dyes, 1924 '
Germany
Austria.
France
Italy.-
Great Britain...
Other countries.
Total
EXPORTS
Germany
Austria
France
Italy....
Belgium
Holland
Great Britain
Spain
Portugal..
Denmark
Norway
Sweden..
Finland
Latvia, Esthonia
Poland
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Jugoslavia
Greece
Bulgaria
Rumania
Russia
Egypt
British India
Indo-China
Dutch East Indies..
China
Japan
Canada
United States
Mexico
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Australia
Other countries
Total 10,271,452 9,601,576
Aniline and other coal-
tar dyes
Pounds
1, 309, 973
30, 423
19. 401
32, 628
1,764
1, 394, 189
139, 992
175, 707
,714,744
493, 169
699, 961
277, 780
, 082, 679
115,080
70, 988
135,583
36, 155
314,817
35, 935
65, 036
87. 302
, 095, 025
35, 494
24,471
20, 723
81,791
55, 997
32, 849
11,905
290, 346
9,700
61,288
103, 396
819, 890
139, 772
551,370
121,032
207, 232
110,010
24, 692
11,243
18, 298
Value
$969, 304
22, 411
7,834
19, 860
1,822
1. 021, 231
Indigo, indigo solution
Pounds
105, 600
129, 190
234, 790
Value
$37, 351
40, 448
77, 799
107,
143,
2, 737,
534,
406,
236,
1, 246,
158,
52,
122,
35,
284,
41,
79,
95,
799,
41,
14,
15,
51,
38,
43,
9,
208,
9,
46,
75,
691,
88,
687,
96,
282.
72,
22,
7,
17,
72, 752
10, 362
181, 439
16, 975
26, 455
17, 491
7,106
49, 741
4,919
32, 796
14, 771 9, 657
'4,189 2,733
204, 587
43, 431
88, 404
7, 690, 527
253, 309
99, 647
77,617
30, 427
30, 063
1,971,222
256, 355
21,317
37, 698
25, 326
8,744,546 2,536,770
Alizarin, synthetic
Pounds
307, 321
882
1,102
Value
$55, 935
182
729
441
309, 746
56, 846
1 From official statistics of the foreign trade of Switzerland, value converted at average exchange rate,
1924, 1 franc =$0.1822.
world's production and trade 173
earnings of swiss dye manufacturers in 1924*
The combined net earnings of the four firms engaged in the manu-
facture of aniline dyes in Basel were approximately 10,500,000 francs
for the year 1924.
The largest firm, Gesellschaft fuer Chemische Industrie, has a
capital stock of 20,000,000 francs and total assets of 66,143,553
francs. The net earnings of this firm for 1924 were 3,558,522 francs
which was a decrease from 1923, said to be caused by the sharp com-
petition in the Chinese market, particularly in indigo. The directors
were able, however, to declare a 15 per cent dividend after making
liberal allowances for the amortization and pension funds.
The financial statement of the Chemische Fabrik vormals Sandoz
shows the largest profit of any dye firm in Basel during 1924. This
firm is capitalized at 7,500,000 francs, and its net earnings in 1924,
3,360,582 francs, were equivalent to 44 per cent of its capital stock.
Its board of directors declared a dividend of 25 per cent and in addi-
tion recommended to the stockholders the issuance of one bond of
1,000 francs, bearing 5^ per cent interest, for every three shares
of stock held. The total Assets of the company, according to its
annual statement as of December 31, 1924, amounted to 26,284,611
francs.
The firm of J. R. Geigy, S. A., has a capital of 7,500,000 francs
and assets of approximately 16,000,000 francs. As this firm is owned
exclusively by the Geigy family, it does not publish its statement,
but it is known that its earnings for 1924 were very lai^e, approxi-
mating 3,000,000 francs, or about 40 per cent of its capital stock.
The firm of Durand & Huguenin, S. A., has recuperated to a very
large extent from the effects of the war, and its net earnings were
larger in 1924 than in the preceding year. This firm, which is cap-
italized at 2,000,000 francs, showed net earnings of 567,809 francs,
and declared a dividend of 10 per cent.
Import Tariff Rates and Regulations of the World's Chief
Dye Producing and Consuming Nations
Introduction
A compilation of the tariff rates of 26 of the world's principal dye
consuming and producing countries, together with information on the
license control of the imports of dyes into Great Britain, Germany,
Australia, Japan, and Persia, is given on pages 174-186. This compila-
tion has been checked by the foreign tariffs division of the Bureau
of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, with the official text of foreign
tariff laws on file in that division as of May, 1925. In addition to
the current rates for foreign countries the tariff rates on coal-tar dyes
for the United States have been compiled for this period, 1864 to
1922.
In view of the frequent changes in tariff rates, the compilation
should not be relied on in making actual shipments. Precise infor-
mation as to rates in force at any given date may be obtained on
application to the foreign tariffs division of the Department of
Commerce.
' World Trade Notes on Coal-Tar Products, No. 65-B. Department of Commerce.
174
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Argentina
(Law No. 11281 of November 29, 1923; Boletin Oficial, December 3, 1923)
9. Aniline dyes. Ad valorem 5 per cent.
Art. 8. All goods or products subject to import duties are to pay a surtax of
2 per cent when the duty amounts to from 10 to 20 per cent and a surtax of 7
per cent when the duty exceeds 20 per cent. These surtaxes are to be calcu-
lated on the values laid down by the valuation tariff, or on the actual value of
goods or products not enumerated in the tariff.
Art. 11. The valuations laid down in the valuation tariff and the laws amend-
ing it are to be increased by 60 per cent, and the specific duties fixed by this
law are to be increased by 25 per cent.
Art. 12. * * * products of any kind whatsoever which are imported or
exported, whether dutiable or not, and those in transit for other countries are
to pay the statistical service tax of 3 per cent of the values stated in the customs
papers. The customs of the Republic are to include the amount of the statis-
tical tax in the liquidation of the documents for the various operations of the
Customs, and are to collect it in conjunction with them.
Art. 76. Minimum tariff equals import duties established.
Maximum tariff: (a) Minimum tariff plus surtax of 50 per cent, (h) Ad
valorem rate of 15 per cent is imposed on free goods.
The following tabulation shows the oficial valuation and percent-
age to be applied against these valuations to obtain the actual rate
on dyes imported into Argentina.
Tariff
number
487
2849
2850
2851
2853
2854
2902
2978.
N. O. S...
Kind of dye
Special dyes for leather (gross)
Aniline, liquid, and its salts...
Aniline, black
Aniline of other colors
Indigo of all kinds
Purple, liquid, or in paste
Bronze powder
Coloring for butter and cheese
Package dyes.
Valuation
(pesos per
gross kilo)'
0.128
.64
1.20
1.60
2.40
1.20
1.60
1.60
Ad valorem
Rate (per
cent of
valua-
tion)
1 These valuations include the 60 per cent increase of 1923.
Australia
Under authority of the customs act of 1901-1916, the governor
general of Australia issued a proclamation ^ prohibiting the importa-
tion of dyes, other than those of British origin, except with the writ-
ten consent of the minister of state for trade ana customs. This
action had for its object the fostering of the newly expanded British
dyestuffs industry.
Representations by Australian importers that dyes of a quality
possessed by certain of those made in America were not obtainable in
adequate quantities from British sources led to the granting, for the
time being, of licenses for the importation of certain American dyes.
By the end of 1923, however, the Australian officials had decided on a
more stringent enforcement of the 1919 proclamation and had pro-
hibited the import of any dye obtainable in Great Britian. The
sentiment for establishing closer trade relations among the various
countries of the British Empire, aroused by the Imperial Economic
1 Australian Oovernment Gazette of Feb. 27, 1919.
WORLD S PRODUCTION AND TRADE
175
Conference in London in 1923, is believed to have been the reason for
stricter enforcement of measures for the control of dye importations
into Australia.
Australian tariff of December 16, 1921
231 Paints and colors:
(ft) * * * Dyes.i dry or in paste form for manufac-
turing purposes - ad valorem..
British prefer-
ential
Free.
Intermediate
5 per cent.
General
10 per cent.
1 Licensing system, similar to that of United Kingdom.
Belgium
(Law of May 8, 1924, which became effective November 10, 1924)
396 (^ tar dyes, dry or in paste:
A.lizarin
Alizarin dyes.
.niline dyes
yfi) Indigo, artificial
(e) Others
Maximum
Minimum
Ad valorem
15 per cent
Free.
15 per cent
Do.
15 per cent
Do.
15 per cent
Do.
15 per cent
Do.
The minimum rates apply to imports from the United States.
The ad valorem duties are levied on the c. i. f. value at the port of
entry.
Bolivia
Bolivianos
per gross kilo
166 Indigo 1. 00
1919 Alizarin, aniline, fuchsine and their imitations . 85
1943 Coal-tar colors . 15
There is a surtax of 10 per cent of the import duty. Duties on all goods except
sugar, flour, and rice, imported into Bolivia, were increased by 10 per cent for
one year from January 8, 1925; ■
Brazil
(January 1, 1924)
146 Aniline or fuschine colors of all kinds, etc., solid or liquid
154 Pastes or extracts for dyeing, liquid or solid, not specially mentioned.. .. —
156 Coloring materials, alizarin, anschuchine, bixine, garancine, curcumine,
indigotine, hematine, braziline, carthamine (safflower carmine) and
others not specially mentioned
328 Amino-naphthalene .net weight.
Anthracene, in paste or in powder for the manufacture of dyestulIs...do —
Benzidine and homologous acids, for the manufacture of aniline do...
Dimethylaminobenzol .do...
Dinitrochlorobenzene do...
Dinitrophenol... do...
Metaphenylenediamine do —
Perchlorate of ammonia, nitronaphthalene, and trinitrotoluol gross.
Duty, reis
per kOo
2,000
1,000
1,800
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
40
Tare allow-
ance
(')
I ' See footnotes on p. 176.
176 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
The actual rates at present (May, 1925) paid by the importer are
about four times those given above, due to the payment of 60 per
cent of the duty in gold plus 2 per cent gold surtax.
Bulgaria
1923
Gold leva
per 100 kilos
178 (c) Indigo, natural and synthetic 200
180 Artificial organic colors, not prepared 160
181 Colors of all kinds, cakes, tablets, balls or other shapes: (c) Other than
stove polish, ultramarine blues and other mineral blues (including
charges for immediate packing) 250
182 Colors of all kinds, prepared with oil, spirit, water, glue, etc. (including
charges for immediate packing) :
(a) In tubes or receptacles containing less than 500 grams 200
(b) In receptacles containing 500 grams or more 60
If payment is made in paper currency, the duties are multiplied by 15.
Chile
(Law No. 3066, March 1, 1916, amended by Law No. 3734 of February 23, 1921,
and by Law No. 3852 of February 10, 1922, levying taxes)
Pesos per kilo
1399 Anthracene (net weight) 2. 25
1100 Alizarin and imitations thereof ; fuschine 1.80
Aniline and other colors from coal, not specified, legal weight 1. 20
1101 Indigo, natural or synthetic, gross weight 2. 70
Article I. Goods shipped into the ports of the Republic for foreign countries
as well as those exported overland shall pay a tax of 10 centavos per metric quintal
gross weight or fraction.
The same tax shall be payable on foreign goods landed in large or small trading
ports or imported overland.
China
342 Aniline dyes not otherwise enumerated 5 per cent ad valorem.
356 Dyes and colors unclassed 5 per cent ad valorem.
360 Indigo, artificial, containing not more than 20
per cent indigotin (higher strengths in
proportion) 2.20 Haikwan taels per picul.
363 Indoine 5 per cent ad valorem.
> Tare: Glass receptacles capable of containing water— Per cent
Up to 15 grams... 80
More than 15 grams and up to 125 grams. -. 70
More than 125 grams and up to 500 grams - 50
More than 500 grams and up to 2 kilos 40
More than 2 kilos and up to 4 kilos. 20
More than 4 kilos _ 10
Pots (botijas) or other receptacles of earthenware or faience, 30 per cent; hogsheads or cases, 10 per cent;
tins, 5 per cent; iron barrels or receptacles, 12i^ per cent; small cases of cardboard or wood, gross weight.
8 TTaro: Glass receptacles containing water — Per cent
Up to 125 grams _ 60
More than 125 grams and up to 250 grams 50
More than 250 grams and up to 500 grams 40
More than 500 grams and up to 2 kilos 30
More than 2 kilos 20
Other receptacles of earthenware or faience. 40
Hogsheads _ 10
Tins or cases of tin or zinc... 5
Small eases or boxes of cardboard or wood, gross weight.
world's peoduction and trade 177
Colombia
Pesos per
gross kilo
177 Alizarin, natural or artificial 0. 08
178 Anilines ■ . 03
179 Indigo, archil, and vegetable dyes not specified . 03
There is a surtax of 17.7 per cent of the duty.
Czechoslovakia
(December, 1921)
Derivatives of dry distillation of coal tar used in the manufacture of coal-tar
dyes by permission and under control (Free) .
(January 1. 1922)
Crowns per 100 kilos
625 Tar dyes...
626 Colors, not elsewhere specified
627 All colors in cakes, small bags, paste, tubes, bladders, cups, glasses, shells, and
boxes
These duties include the coefficients of increase. Conventional rates, where
provided, apply to products of the United States.
Tare deductions from gross weight are as follows:
12 per cent in cases and barrels.
6 per cent in baskets, paper barrels, and barrels lined with paper.
3 per cent in bales.
9 per cent in double barrels.
Ecuador
S acres
17 Indigo, per gross kilo 0. 225
25 Chemical products, not specified, per net kilo .45
27 Aniline and cochineal per gross kilo . 565
27 Vegetable dyes, not specified, per gross kilo . 565
Surtax: 4 per cent ad valorem. At Guayaquil, 10 per cent of import duty.
Egypt
The import duty on general merchandise is (with few exceptions) 8
per cent ad valorem, based on the value of the article in the country
where it was purchased at the date of its clearance for consumption
in Egypt, plus all charges for freight, insurance, packing, etc., to the
Egyptian port of landing. The values of certain articles are, by
agreement between the customs administration and importers, fixed
for a period not to exceed one year, and the ad valorem duty is
collected on these values, which are regularly published in the Journal
Officiel.
Import qua}' dues, excepting tobacco —
0.45 per cent ad valorem in Alexandria and Suez.
0.7 per cent ad valorem at Port Said.
Import municipal or paving dues, excepting tobacco —
0. 5 per cent ad valorem at Alexandria.
1 per cent ad valorem at Port Said (this tax is optional).
2 per cent ad valorem at Damietta.
178 census of dyes and other synthetic chemicals
France
(Decrees of March 28, 1921, and (April 3, 1921))
294 Dyes derived from coal tar; Dry —
Nitrosated coloring materials
Nitrated coloring materials except picric acid
Coloring materials derived from pyrazolone
Coloring materials derived from stilbene
Monoazoic coloring materials- __ ----^
Polyazoic coloring materials primary, secondary and tertiary
Thiobenzenylic coloring materials
Sulphur coloring materials
Indophenols, oxazines and thiazines
Azines, safraninos, indulines-
Pyronines and phthaleines
Eosines, orythrosines, phloxines, cyanozines
Coloring materials derived from diphenylmethane, and
triphenylmethane and their homologues
Coloring materials derived from acridine and quinoline
Oxyquinonic coloring materials or alizarin colors
Indigotine and its sulphonic derivatives
Insoluble coloring materials, capable of vat dyeing, except
itidigo - - -
Cibanones
Dyes derived from coal tar, in paste containing at least 50 per
cent of water:
N itrosated coloring materials-- ..-
Nitrated coloring materials, except picric acid
Coloring materials derived from pyrazolone -
Coloring materials derived from stilbene -..
Monoazoic coloring materials
Polyazoic coloring materials, primary, secondary and tertiary.
Thiobenzenylic coloring materials
Sulphur colors
Indophenols, oxazines, and thiazines.
Azines, safranines, indulines..-
Pyronines and phthaleines
Eosines, ery t hrosines, phloxines, cyanozines
Coloring materials derived from diphenylmethane and
from triphenylmethane and their homologues
Coloring materials derived from acridine and quinolino
Oxyquinonic coloring materials, or alizarin colors
indigotine and its sulphonic derivatives.. ..-
Insoluble coloring materials, capable of dyeing in the vat,
except indigo
Cibanones
General
400
400
400
400
400
400
400
600
600
600
600
800
600
600
600
600
800
1,000
220
220
220
220
220
220
220
330
330
330
330
440
330
330
330
330
440
550
Francs per 100 kilos
{gross loeiqht)
Inter-
Mini-
mediate
mum
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
200
100
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
400
200
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
400
200
500
250
110
55
110
55
110
55
110
55
110
55
110
55
110
55
165
82.5
165
82.5
165
82.5
165
82.5
220
110
165
82.5
165
82.5
165
82.5
165
82.5
220
110
275
137.5
Coeffi-
cient of
increase
The general tariff applies to GeiTnany and to certain other coun-
tries not having the most-favored-nation status. The intermediate
tariff applies to the United States and certain other countries. The
minimum tariff applies to England and other countries having most-
favored-nation treatment.
Germany
On January 16, 1917, the German Government enacted a law
subjecting the shipment of goods into and out of Germany to license
control. The regulation of foreign commerce under the provisions
of this law is vested in a Government official known as the commis-
sioner for import and export licenses. The actual granting of
licenses was at first carried on through committees made up of
business men representing the various industries and was subject
to the commissioner's approval. Within the past year or two, how-
WOELD S PRODUCTION AND TRADE
179
ever, most of these committees have been dispensed with, and
Hcenses are now issued direct by the commissioner.
While the hiw of 1917 has had different classes of commodities
exempted from its provisions and the rules governing its enforce-
ment have been somewhat modified from time to tine, the importa-
tion of coal-tar dyes remains subject to license control. This group
comprises the following:
Alizarin dyes, dry or in the form of paste:
Indigo, natural or artificial, including indigo carmine, pure or
admixed with mineral matter, starch, etc., either dry or in the form
of paste;
Aniline, and other coal-tar dyes not otherwise mentioned,
India
SERIAL NO. 81; STATUTORY SCHEDULE 92
(Effective January 1, 1925)
Dyeing and tanning substances:
Alizarin dye —
Dry-
Not exceeding 40 per cent -.
Over 40 per cent but not exceeding 50 per cent.
Over 50 per cent but not exceeding 60 per cent.
Over 60 per cent but not exceeding 70 per cent.
Over 70 per cent but not exceeding 80 per cent.
Over 80 per cent - -
Moist —
Not exceeding 10 per cent
Over 10 per cent but not exceeding 16 per cent.
Over 16 per cent but not exceeding 20 per cent.
Exceeding 20 per cent. -
Aniline dyes —
Moist
Black, of sulphur series
Congo red.
All other dry
Aniline salts
Tariff valuation
per pound
Rupees Annas
Duty
(percent-
age of
valua-
tion)
180 census of dyes and other synthetic chemicals
Italy
(Law of July 27, 1923)
Benzol, toluol, and xylol:
Crude gross weight-.
Refined - do
(Refined benzol, toluol, and xylol, destined for use in the manufacture of
synthetic organic colors, etc., are admitted at 4 lire per quintal, in accord-
ance with the conditions established by ministerial decree of Mar. 10, 1923.)
Aniline and toluidine, crude and hydrochloride.- legal weight-.
Other aniline salts net weight..
Nitrobenzol - -- legal weight..
Derivatives of aniline, not elsewhere mentioned-. -- -net weight..
Naphthalene:
Crude -gross weight..
Refined .-- - - do
Derivatives -.- - --net weight..
Anthracene gross weight..
Benzidine net weight..
Tolidine, dianisidine, ortho, and para toluidine do
Xylidine do —
Phenylenediamine, phenetidine, and anisidine ...do
Derivatives of benzidine, toluidine, and similar products, not elsewhere men-
tioned -net weight-.
Anthraquinone ---do
Resorcine - - do
Alpha and beta naphthol - do
Darivatives of naahthol and naphthyl-amine, Hot elswhere mentioned do
Benzaldehyde and derivatives- _ do
Derivatives of benzol, toluol, and xylol, not elsewhere mentioned- do
Synthetic colors:
Sulphur colors —
Black -.- - do
Other - do
Other-
All dry or with less than 50 per cent water ...do
Indigo vat colors and gallo-cyanine colors -
Other net weight-
In paste with 50 percent or more of water ...do
Indigo vat colors and gallo-cyanine colors
Other --- - net weight..
Gold lire per
quintal
General
40
240
240
10
240
240
240
240
240
75
240
240
240
240
240
140
300
150
Conven-
tional
30 f
:::::: i
[
i
Free, i
300 t
Free'
ISO
Coefficients of increase are included in above rates. Duties paid in paper lire are multiplied by a i
variable exchange factor (fixed weekly by the Government), recently about 4.75. Where provided,
conventional rates apply to United States products.
Japan
General
tariff
215 Coal-tar derivatives (except carbolic acid, salicylic acid, bakelite, and medicines and
essences other than benzaldehyde, nitrobenzol, and nitrotoluol)..per cent ad valorem..
237 Artificial indigo.. - do
243 Coal-tar dyestufls, n. o. p. f do
DYE LICENSE CONTROL
On June 7, 1924, the Japanese Government adopted a license
system for the importation of dye and coal-tar derivatives, except
carbolic acid and medicinals, in order to stop the flooding of the
markets with German dyes. Licenses are issued by the minister of
agriculture and commerce.
WORLD *S PRODUCTION AND TRADE 181
According to the terms of article 2 (below) the provisions of
article 1 do not apply if they conflict with any treaty of commerce
and navigation. Nor do they apply to consignments originating in
the United States, Great Britain, France, Italy, and in countries
enjoying the most favored nation treatment. The importation of
colors produced in Japan is prohibited, but that of other dyes may
bo licensed. Imports of synthetic indigo arc not interfered with.
HEGULATIONS RESTRICTING THE IMPORTATION OF DYES
(Department of Commerce Ordinance No. 8)
Article 1. In accordance with procedure elsewhere prescriV)ed those desiring
to import articles (o) and (6), specified below, shall, for the present, first secure
the consent of the minister of agriculture and commerce.
These regulations, however, shall not be applicable to commodities received
from Germany in accordance with the terms of the treaty of Versailles.
(a) Coal-tar dyes.
(6) Articles chemically derived from coal-tar derivatives (exclusive of medicinal
chemicals and carbolic acid).
Art. 2. The provisions of the foregoing article shall be void if they conflict with
any treaty of commerce and navigation.
In cases referred to in the foregoing })aragraph the importer shall submit to the
customhouse through which the shipment is being passed a document setting
forth the name and address of the manufacturer, the country of manufacture,
the name of the article, the quantity of the shipment.
Documents referred to in the foregoing paragraph shall be authenticated by
the Japanese consular officer stationed in the country of manufacture or at the
point of shipment; should there be no such consular officer, they may be authenti-
cated by a customs or other Government officer or by the chamber of commerce.
Ai{T. 'A. Those making importations under license, as provided for by article 1,
shall, without delay, so notify the minister of agriculture and commerce.
Art. 4. Those making importations in accorrlance with the provisions of
paragraph 2 of article 2 shall immediately notify the minister of agriculture and
commerce in regard to the commercial, or the usual name of the article imported,
its scientific name, specific gravity, quantity, date of importation and customs
clearance, value, and the name of the manufacturer.
Art. 5. Those receiving licenses referred to in article 1 shall import the articles
described not later than three months after the date of the issuance of the license.
Under certain circumstances, to be determined by the minister of agriculture
and commerce, the period specified in the foregoing paragraph may be extenrled.
Should importations not be made within the periods referred to in the two
preceding paragraphs, licenses issued under the terms specified in article 1 shall
become invalid.
Art. 6. Importers violating the provisions of article 1 shall be condemned to
penal servitude for not more than three months or subjected to a fine of not
more than 100 yen.
Supjdementary provisions. — This provision shall become effective on the date
of its promulgation.
Licenses shall be regarded as having been granted on the date of the promulga-
tion of this ordinance to those who dispatched orders for commodities requiring
a license before the date on which this ordinance is promulgated: Provided, how-
ever, That such persons so notify the minister of agriculture and commerce in
accordance with procedure elsewhere prescribed.
Certificates, issued by the minister of agriculture and commerce, of the receipt
of notification may t)e substituted for documents prescribed by article 2 only
when those who have dispatched orders for commodities requiring a license before
the date on which this ordinance is issued have, not more than two weeks after
such date, nf)tified the minister of agriculture and commerce in regard to the
commercial, or usual, name of the article to be imported, its scientific name,
specific gravity, quantity, probable date of importation and customs clearance,
value, and the name of the manufacturer: Provided, however, That such certifica-
tion shall be applicable only to shipments imported within three months after
the date of the promulgation of this ordinance.
47285— 25t 13
182 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
The provisions of the two preceding paragraphs shall be applicable to com-
modities referred to in paragraphs 1 or 2 of article 1 that are stored in customs
areas on the date of the promulgation of this ordinance, and to articles that are,
on such date, en route to Japan.
Mexico
(Tariff of April 6, 1922, revised to March 1, 1923)
Centavos
per gross kilo
537 Colors, in powder or crystals 10
538 Prepared colors 18
510 Aniline oil, natural or artificial alizarin and airthracene 10
Surcharge, 12 per cent of the duties.
Persia
Rate of duty — Coal-tar dyes — 15 per cent ad valorem
In contrast to the primary purpose of the license control adopted
by other countries for the protection of the dye-producing industry,
Persia adopted a control system for excluding fugitive dyes in order
to preserve the reputation of the Persian rugs, a leading industry of
that country. The Persian customs regulations of 1906 prohibitf
the importation of aniline dyes. When synthetic dyes of high fa
ness were perfected, the Government appointed a chemical expert ..
prepare and keep up to date a list of the dyes permitted for entry
as suitable for the dyeing of rug materials, all other dyes remaining
on the prohibited list. The Persian customs reserves the right to
authorize the importation of small quantities of dyes to be utilized
exclusively in special industries, such as candy, soap, leather, and
ink manufacture, or pharmaceutical products.
The dyes ^ permitted entry into Persia are the mordant dyes — ■
derivatives of alizarin, anthracene, and anthrac[uinone — vat dyes,
and certain sulphur dyes for cotton. According to reports from
Persia, the rug manufacturers are rapidly substituting coal-tar dyes |
for natural dyes.
Poland
(Decree of the President of the Republic, dated June 26, 1924)
Zlotys
per 100 kilos
112 Benzol, toluol, xylol, anthracene 9. 00
135 Synthetic organic coloring combinations purified and their bases;
combinations of leuco acid; pigments; pigment lakes; mixtures of
naphthol with nitrosoamine 400. 00
Pigment lakes for the manufacture of artists' colors, under permit
from the minister of finance 60. 00
Rumania
Gold lei
per 100 kilo
835 Synthetic indigo 12.00 j
837 Aniline colors and other colors derived from coal tar, even when bear-
ing the name of vegetable or mineral coloi-s 8. 50
838 Colors of all kinds, finely prepared, in tin tubes, bottles, shells,
tablets, or pastilles 43. 50
Rumanian Government (official valuation of April 4, 1925, 1 gold leu equals
40 paper lei) .
' See Special Circular 29, Chemical Division, TTnited States Department of Commerce.
world s production and trade
Russia
183
UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
(TarifT of March 4, 1924)
Gold rubles
per 100
kilos (gross)
135. Indigo, natural and artificial, artificial organic dyes, their leuco
compounds and bases:
(1) Sulphur dyes 244
(2) Alizarin and alizarin lake 213
(3) Indigo, natural and artificial, in any form, and its leuco com-
pounds, indoxyl, thioindoxyl (oxythio naphthene) 152
(4) Azo dyes, and all artificial organic dyes not* otherwise men-
tioned; their leuco compounds and bases 274
Note. — Coloring matters included in this section (135), when the cus-
toms declaration on the accompanying documents, invoices, or specifica-
tions fails to give definite information as to which class of organic dye-
stuffs they belong, are dutiable at 305
All importation into Russia is controlled by the Soviet Government.
Spain
(Royal decree of February 12, 1922, modified by royal decrees of March 24,
May 12 and 13, 1922.)
Artificial coloring materials derived from coal and the like: '
795 In powder or crystals * _..
795 In paste or solid form, containing at least 50 per cent of water 2.
797 Synthetic indigo.
Pesetas per 100 kilos net
First
tariff
8.00
4.00
2.00
Second
tariff
4.00
2.00
1.00
Conven-
tional 3
0.75
' A certificate of origin is required on all of the products listed below.
' Artificial coloring materials which in neutral, acid, or alkaline bath, dye textile fibers, with or without
the addition of mordant, are included. All are destroyed by the action of heat. Duties established by the
royal decree of Feb. 14, 1920.
' Conventional rate when given applies to United Slates goods; otherwise second tariff applies. Con-
ventional rate established on item 797 in treaty with Switzerland, May 15, 1922.
Switzerland
(1921)
Colors derived from coal tar:
1097 Artificial alizarin, dry or in paste
1098 Colors from aniline, anthracene, naphthalene and coal-tar colors-
1099 Indigo, natural or artificial: Solution of indigo Ad. 1099; dry
indigo and indigo in paste ,.
United Kingdom
Francs per
100 kilos >
2
20
10
The importation of coal-tar dyes into Great Britain is regulated
by the British dyestiiffs (import regulations) act of 1920, which pro-
hibits the entry of all synthetic organic dyestuffs, colors, and color-
ing matters, and all organic intermediate products used in the manu-
facture of any such dyestuffs, colors, and coloring matters. The
board of trade, however, has authority to license the importation of
any of these goods.
' These duties arc levied on the net weight increased by 20 per cent.
184
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHEE SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
It has been the poHcy of the British dyes tuffs advisory licensing
committee to recommend the granting of hcenses for the importa-
tion of certain synthetic organic dyestuffs, provided sufficient quan-
tities of the particuhxr kinds which it was desired to import were
not available from British sources.
No import duties are levied on coal-tar dyestuffs imported into
Great Britain.
Venezuela
(Tariff law of 1924 (July 4), with modifications made by the Federal executive
in exercise of the powers vested in him)
Bolivares, i)er
gross kilo
140 Indigo . 10.00
553 Anilines and chemical products not specified 1. 25
726 All dyes not elsewhere specified 1. 25
In addition to the customs duties proper, the following surtaxes are levied: ■
Contribution tax, 30 per cent of the customs duty, fl
Territorial tax, 12^^ per cent of the customs duty. ■
National tax, 123^ per cent of the customs duty. 9
Sanitary tax, 1 per cent of the total duties. ■
The total of these surtaxes amounts to 56.55 per cent of the customs duty
proper. ^asi^k.kli^^i&k,^^
United States g
The following tabulation presents a summary of the rat* o;
duties on coal-tar dyes when imported into the United States unaerj
the tariff acts of 1864 to 1922, inclusive:
Summary of rates of duly on coal-tar dyes under the tariff acts of 1S64 to 1922
Duty
Dyes
Free list ^ ■
Act of—
Specific,
per pound
Ad va-
lorera
June 30, 1864
July 14, 1870
Feb 8 1875
$1.00
.60
.50
Per cent
35
35
35
35
35
Aniline dyes
Alizarin.
Alizarin, natural and artificial; in-
digo and artificial indigo.
Alizarin, natural and artificial.
Alizarin, yellow, orange, green, {
blue, brown, and black.
Indigo.
Alizarin and indigo; alizarin dyes, i
Alizarin, alizarin dyes, and anthra-
cene dyes; indigo. '
Alizarin and dyes derived from
alizarin or from anthracene and
carbazol; indigo and dyes de- '
rived therefrom. '
i
-do . .
.do
Mar. 3, 1883
Coal-tar dyes
Oct 1 1890
do
.0075
.10
Indigo, extracts or
pastes.
Indigo, carmined
Coal-tar dyes
Aug. 27, 1894
25
30
(')
30
30
30
30
30
30
45
July 24, 1897
do......
Aug. 5,1909
Oct. 3, 1913
(')
Coal-tar dyes
Sept. 8,1916
.05
.07
do
Indigo and indigoid
dyes.
Alizarin and alizarin
dyes.
Anthracene dyes
Carbazol dyes
Sept. 22,1922'....
« Same as 1897.
• For two years after Sept. 22, 1922, 60 per cent.
woeld's productto^^ and trade 185
TARIFF RATES ON COAL-TAR DYES, 1864-1922
Ad of June SO, 1864:
On analine dyes, one dollar per pound and thirty-five per centum ad valorem.
Act of July 14, 1870:
On analine dyes and colors, by whatever name known, fifty cents per
pound and thirty-five per centum ad valorem.
Act of February 8, 1875:
Same as act of July 14, 1870, with exception of alizarine which was trans-
ferred to the free list in act of February 8, 1875.
Act of March 3, 1883:
AH coal-tar colors or dyes, by whatever name known and not specially
enumerated or provided for in this act, thirty-five per centum ad valorem.
Alizarine, natural or artificial. (Free.)
Indigo and artificial indigo. (Free.)
Act of October 1, 1890:
Par. 18. All coal-tar colors or dyes, by whatever name known and not
specially provided for in this act, thirty-five per centum ad valorem.
Par. 29. Indigo, extracts or pastes of, three-fourths of one cent per pound;
carmined, ten cents per pound.
Par. 478. Alizarine, natural or artificial, and dyes commercially known as
Alizarine yellow, Alizarine orange, Alizarine green, Alizarine blue, Alizarine
brown. Alizarine black. (Free.)
Par. 614. Indigo. (Free.)
Act of August 27, 1894:
Par. 14. All coal-tar colors or dyes, by whatqver name known and not
specially provided for in this act, twenty-five per centum ad valorem.
Par. 368. Alizarin and alizarin colors or dyes, natural or artificial. (Free.)
Par. 514. Indigo and extracts or pastes of and carmines. (Free.)
Act of July 24, 1897:
Par. 15. Coal-tar dyes or colors, not speciallj^ provided for in this act,
thirty per centum ad valorem. * * *
Par. 25. Indigo, extracts or pastes of, three-fourths of one cent per pound;
carmined, ten cents per pound.
Par. 469. Alizarin, natural or artificial, and dyes derived from alizarine or
from anthracin. (Free.)
Par. 580. Indigo. (Free.)
Act of August 5, 1909: Same as 1897.
Act of October 3, 1913:
Par. 20. Coal-tar dyes or colors, not specially provided for in this section,
30 per centum ad valorem.
Par. 394. Alizarin, natural or synthetic, and dyes obtained from alizarin,
anthracene, and carbazol. (Free.)
Par. 514. Indigo, natural or synthetic, dry or suspended in water, and
dves obtained from indigo. (Free.)
Act of September 8, 1916:
Title V, sec. 500, Gr. Ill-
All colors, dyes, or stains, whether soluble or not in water, * * ♦
thirty per centum ad valorem.
(Sec. 501 imposed additional duty of 5 cents per pound.)
Sec. 501—
The following dyes were exempt from this specific duty:
* * * natural and synthetic alizarin, and dyes obtained from
alizarin, anthracene, and carbazol; natural and synthetic indigo
and all indigoids, whether or not obtained from indigo; and
medicinals and flavors.
Under the trading with the enemy act (October, 1917) the President, on
February 14, 1918, issued a proclamation declaring that certain articles of com-
merce should not be imported on and after February 16, 1918^ from certain
specified countries, except by license granted in accordance with prescribed
regulations. Dyes and chemicals were included in this proclamation.
In the spring of 1919 (February) Swiss dyes (nonenemy origin) were imported
under license, and in the fall of 1919 licenses were granted for the importation
of German dyes.
186 CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHEB SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Dye and chemical control act of 1921 :
Under Title V, Dyes and Chemicals, of the emergency tariff the iraportatioa
of dyes and other synthetic organic chemicals was placed under license control.
This continued until the date of the passage of the tariff act of September
21, 1922.
Act of Seplernber 21, 1922:
Par. 28. Coal-tar products: All colors, dyes, or stains, whether soluble or
not in water, * * * 45 pgj. centum ad valorem based upon the
American selling price (as defined in subdivision (f) of section 402, Title
IV) of any similar competitive article manufactured or produced in the
United States, and 7 cents per pound: Provided, That for a period of
two years beginning on the day following the passage of this act the ad
valorem rate of duty shall be 60 per centum instead of 45 per centum:
* * * Provided, That the specific duty of 7 cents per pound herein pro-
vided for on colors, dyes, or stains, whether soluble or not in water,
* * * shall be based on standards of strength which shall be estab-
lished by the Secretary of the Treasury, and that upon all importations of
such articles which exceed such standards of strength the specific duty
of 7 cents per pound shall be computed on the weight which the article
would have if it were diluted to the standard strength, but in no case
shall any such articles of whatever strength pay a specific duty of less
. than 7 cents per pound; * * *_
PART VI
APPENDIX
STATISTICS OF DOMESTIC IMPORTS
AND EXPORTS
187
Table 73.
STATISTICS OF IMPORTS AND EXPORTS
Statistical Tables
-Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920-1924
OROUP I.
CRUDE (FREE)
Year
1920
1921
1922
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Acids, carbolic, which on being sub-
jected to distillation jield in the
portion distilling below 200° C. a
quantity of tar acids less than 5 per
cent of original distillate. . pounds. .
Anthracene oil gallons..
Benzene pounds..
Cresol do
Dead or creosote oil gallons..
Naphthalene having a solidifying
point less than 79° C pounds..
Pyridine and quinoline do
lal tar, crude barrels..
'ch, coal tar do
tacresol, orthocresol, and para-
esol— purity less than 90 per
cent pounds..
192, 692
15,054
486, 619
10, 318, 070
18, 427, 152
15, 012, 096
863, 456
11,901
8,780
$19, 848
3,945
10. 868
901, 381
3, 796, 399
530, 219
168, 800
24, 140
26, 022
214, 185
12, 776
1, 722, 085
3, 353, 882
33, 239, 432
4, 495, 806
72, 515
21,551
417
$22, 849
5,019
442, 370
253, 886
4, 756, 618
135, 943
11,367
46, 784
1,264
311,914
13,368
172, 528
3, 756, 651
41, 566, 767
3, 144, 332
119,973
23,431
1,422
3,962
144,237
424, 530
459, 727
33,600
66
> $33, 781
3,242
1,223
258, 536
4, 239, 949
54,029
21,113
54,324
4,193
352
Toluene do
6,061
All other products found naturally
in coal tar whether produced or
obtained from coal tar or other
sources, n. s. p. f pounds..
All other distillates, which on being
subjected to distillation yield in
the portion distilling below 200° C.
a quantity of tar acids less than 5
per cent of the original distillate
..pounds..
240, 096
14,046
40, 707
7,310
58,111
100
3,111
959
1,198
64
8,049
50,652
Anthracene, purity less than 25 per
cent pounds..
Acenaphthene, cumol fiuorene,
methylanthracene, and methyl-
naphthalene pounds. .
202, 569
16, 590
400
17
Benzene pounds..
Dead or creosote oil gallons..
Naphthalene, solidifying at less than 79° C pounds..
Coal tar, crude barrels..
Pitch, coal tar ..do
Toluene pounds..
Acenaphthene, fiuorene, methylanthracene, and
methylnaphthalene ..do
Anthracene, purity less than 30 per cent do
Anthracene oil gallons..
Cumene, cymene pounds..
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, purity less
than 90° pounds..
Pyridine do
Xylene ...do
All other distillates n. s. p. f., which on being subjected
to distillation yield in the portion distilling below
190° C. a quantity of tar acids less than 5 per cent of
the original distillate pounds..
Ml other products found naturally in coal tar, whether
produced or obtained from coal tar or other sources,
n. s. p. f pounds..
Cresylic acid.
Quantity
701, 857
64, 199, 636
20, 992, 439
10, 131
4,644
194, 660
23,673
869, 780
31, 198
2
3,805
764, 918
136, 488
Value
$21, 902
10,071,393
575, 702
31,671
15,154
7,928
2,826
23,925
7,078
24
2,846
266, 184
8,179
1924
Quantity
363, 742
89, 687, 632
5, 266, 708
14, 579
2,630
Value
298,022
18, 259
5,761,011 489,824 2,440,358
1,635,025
69,373 2,865,954
2,327,528
$12, 632
13, 463, 689
96, 491
44, 586
7,765
8,759
3,863
454
268, 782
151, 850
151, 083
157, 643
> First 9 months.
47285—251-
189
-14
190
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920 to 1934
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2}^ CENTS PER POUND;
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals,
medieinals. flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f.:
Acids—
Amidosalieylic—
1920
11, 199
$8,182
$1, 507
18.42
1921
1922
1923
1924..
Arsanilie—
1923.
223
3,345
1, 855
55.47
1924..
Benzoic—
1920
250
11,263
100
100
1,087
3,012
365
410
169
733
57
233
15.58
1921
24.35
1922'
15.68
1923... . .
56.71
1924
Carbolic (phenol) which on being subjected to
distillation yields in the portion distilling be-
low 200° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or
more than 5 per cent of the original distillate —
Crystal—
1920
1921
250
280, 224
69,310
126, 618
176, 081
1,040
142
30,414
16, 102
21, 389
46, 786
244
28
11,568
13, 708
20, 627
38, 058
63
19.40
1922 1
38.03
1922 2
85.13
1923.. . ...
96.44
1924 . .
81.34
Liquid—
1920
25. 6f
1921
1922 1 .. _
1,702
145, 375
2,815
62, 869
378, 777
112
1,801
18, 488
257
15, 169
29, 066
389
313
20, 345
338
12, 744
38, 141
222
17.36
1922'
110.04
1923.
131.67
1924 »
84.01
1924 «
131.22
Cinnamic —
1923. .
57.02
1924
1923
10
8
5
63.75
1924
Phenylglycine orthocarboxylic —
1923
17,376
74, 492
42, 187
56.63
1924
1920
1921
1922 1
2,276
1,107
1,881
854
339
547
18.02
Salicylic and salts of, not medicinal—
1923
64.07
1924
Sulphanilic—
1923
16
19
12
60.89
1924
Amidonaphthol—
1920
1921
11, 025
9,990
1,774
17.76
1922
1923
1924
Amidophenol—
1920
1921
14, 623
11,699
2,120
18.12
1922
1923
1924
• Act of 1916. 2 Act of 1922. « Jan. 1 to Sept, 21, 1924.
* Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1924.
STATISTICAL TABLES
191
Table
74. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920 to 1924 — Continued
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2J^ CENTS PER POUND;
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dj'BS, or stains, photographic chemicals,
medicinals, flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f. — Contd.
Aniline oil—'
1920
220
11,243
$72
1,799
$16
551
22.64
1921
30.62
1922 (included in aniline oil and salts)
Aniline salt—
1920
4
13, 316
1
12, 109
25.00
1921 . . --
2,274
18.78
1922 (included in aniline oU and salts)
Aniline oil and salts—
19222
55
30
11
220
10
123
90.00
1923
55.95
1924 .
Anthracene, purity of 25 per cent or more —
1920 . -
648, 095
261, 645
2
87, 413
12, 639
2
29, 314
8,437
1
33.54
1921
66.76
1922 2 __.
62.00
1923 . - .
1924
1
Anthraquinone —
1920
13, 053
127, 427
5,612
78, 255
1,168
14, 924
20.82
1921 -
19.07
1922
1923 -. -.
1 i
1924
1 1
Benzaldehyde —
1920
9,479
1,056
20
200
5,928
465
11
240
1,126
96
7
146
19.00
1921
20.68
Benzaldehyde (not medicinal) and nitrobenzalde-
hyde—
19222 - -
67.73
1923 --- -
60.83
1924
Benzidine, benzidine sulfate —
19222
72
7
56
23
36
13
64.00
1923
57.13
1924
Benzvlchloride—
1920 -
150
22
7
32.05
1921 -
1922 -.
Benzylchloride, benzalchloride, and benzoylchlo-
ride—
1922*
29
10
10
22
8
13
75.30
1923
58. 18
1924
Binitrotoluol—
1920 -
4,692
1,164
1,216
155
300
52
24.64
1921 ... - --- -
33.77
1922 .
1923
1924 ..-
1921
5
3
19.33
1922 -
1923 .
1924
Carbazole, purity of 25 per cent or more—
1920
157
27
8
29.56
1921
19221
8,820
3,865
800
20.70
1922 8 . ....
1923 „.
1924 .
Dimethylaniline —
1920
22,400
15,968
2,955
18.51
1921.
19221
23,565
3,828
1,163
30.39
Dimethylaniline and benzylethylaniline—
1922«
1923
1
2
1
58.50
1924
1 Act of 1916.
« Act of 1922.
192
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years I
1920 to i 5^4— Continued i
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2^ CENTS PER POUND: |
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21. '
1922)— Continued 1
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals,
mcdicinais, flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f. — Contd
Diphenylamine—
1924 3
11
23,576
2,444
556
2,224
1,008
8,754
15, 326
1,000
13, 053
$16
8,134
2, 230
341
107
167
5,410
1, 995
663
5,612
$10
4,904
396
65
72
162
3,588
2,170
335
1,168
59. 81
1924 <
60 29
Metacresol, orthocresol, and paracresol, purity of 90
per cent or more —
1920...
17.74
1921__
19.08
1922'-. .-
66.96
1922 2.
97 24
1923
66 33
1924 3
108 78
1924*
50 56
Methylanthraquinone—
1920.
20.82
1921...
1922 ,
1923 . .
977
1,221
740
A'
1924_.
Naphthalene solidifying at 79° C. or above—
1920
3, 697, 562
441,685
75,680
416, 172
31, 458
7,684
154, 865
15, 761
3,045
1921. _
50.10
1922 1 ___
39.61
1922 2 _ _ __
1923 -
9,605
4,549
194
1,147
779
949
401. 57
1924
82.76
Naphthol—
1920
1921
333, 356
658
112,922
799
25, 272
136
22.38
19221
17.06
1922!
1923
13, 376
10, 976
69, 695
29, 569
24, 202
7,208
17, 199
14, 079
2,824
58.17
1924
58.17
Naphthylamine—
1920
39.18
1921
1922
1923-.
1924
Naphthylenediamlne —
1923
5
6
4
60.83
1924.....
Nitrobenzol—
1920-.
45, 891
6,009
2,049
34.09
1921
1922
1
1923 .
1924
Nitronaphthalene —
1920
1921 . .
1922..
1923
1924
Nitrophenylenediamine—
1921,.
1, 132
6,590
1,017
15.43
1922
1923 . .
1924
Nitrotoluol—
1920
684
359
71
19.76
1921
1922
•
1923
1
1924
.-.-1
1 Act of 1916.
2 Act of 1922.
» From Jan. 1 to Sept. 21, 1924.
* From Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1924.
STATISTICAL TABLES
193
Table 74. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920 to 1924 — Continued
OROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2J4 CENTS PER POUND;
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21,
1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
^nd com-
puted 3<i
valorem
rat^i
1
Not colors, dyes, or stains, photographic chemicals, |
medicinals, flavors, or explosives, n. s. p. f.— Contd. !
Phenylenediamine— . ,
1920 -i 2,429
1921 '
$1,887
$344
18.22
19221 ! 6
19222
16
9
57.62
1923
1924
Phenylhydrazine—
1923 . ..
18
39
23
58.23
1924
Phthalie anhydride—
1920
1921_
19221
3,374
2,517
1,621
64.38
1922 2.... __
1923
1924.
Kesorcinol, not medicinal —
1920
51, 529
109, 658
39, 932
75, 022
7,278
13,995
18.23
1921 __
18.65
1922
1923 . ....
12, 5^
2,240
396
1,100
5
16, 976
3,360
935
1,575
6
10,213
2,005
542
707
4
60. 16
1924...
59. 67
Thiocarbanilide-
1924 *
67 96
1924 5
44.80
Tolidine—
1923
60.83
1924
Toluidine —
1923
60
31
21
68.56
1924
Tolylenediamine—
19gl . . .
175
•238
40
16.48
;922
1923
1924
*
Xylidine—
1920
56,047
41, 237
7, 587
ia40
1921
1922-
1923..
150
60
44
72.60
1924
All distillates n. s. p. f., which on distillation yield in the
portion distilling below 200° C. a quantity of tar acids
equal to or more than 5 per cent of the original dis-
tUlate:
1920 . .
85, 474
16, 240
328, 601
22, 163
245,119
901
662, 037
18,257
195, 757
144,971
233, 495
36,041
11,811
33, 784
9,128
30, 328
1,491
47, 889
4,102
36, 382
21,046
17, 798
7,543
2,178
13,283
6,572
33, 839
883
65, 498
3,534
33, 713
21,723
23, 464
20.93
1921
18.43
1922 1
39.3a
1922 2,3. _
72.00
1923 3
111.58
1924 3 <
59.28
1924 3£
136. 77
All distillates of coal, blast-furnaces, oil-gas, and water-
gas tar which on being subject to distillation below
215° C. a quantity of tar acids equal to or more than
75 per cent of the original distillate:
19222
86.16
1923.
92.66
1924*
103.22
1924'..-.
131.83
» Act of 1916.
2 Act of 1922.
3 At 190° C. instead of 200°
< From Jan. 1 to Sept. 21, 1924.
» From Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1924.
194
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920 to 1924— Continned
GROUP II (DUTIABLE AT 15 PER CENT AD VALOREM PLUS 2)^ CENTS PER POUND-
DUTIABLE AT 55 PER CENT PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21
1922)— Continued
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
All similar products, obtained, derived, or manufac-
tured in whole or in part from the products provided
for in Group I (free):
. 1920 .-
87,9ir
87, 207
389, 708
187, 377
1, 436, 982
2,104,299
158, 766
100
6,789
11,374
$74, 514
41,965
153, 625
61, 967
330, 514
475, 136
73, 973
87
2,944
12, 058
$13, 375
8,475
32, 786
47, 198
282, 371
408, 626
40, 703
16
611
2,093
17.95
1921
20.19
19221
21.34
1922* - -
76.17
1923
85.43
1924*
86.00
1924 «
55.02
All sulfoacids or sulfoacid salts of Group II:
1920
17.88
1921
20.76
19221
17.36
1923
1924 - -
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or in
part from any of the products provided for in Group I
(free) or II, including natural indigo and their deriva-
tives:
Alizarin, natural—
1920
58, 583
59, 306
28, 399
1,547
9,283
6,665
73, 232
136, 283
21,614
1,836
3,002
29, 436
246, 837
293, 005
56,294
274, 799
68,762
4,671
216, 508
226, 956
330, 129
17,697
7,319
1,043
55
86, 439
76, 123
184, 886
$41,381
81,816
63, 304
3,094
18, 600
9,335
24, 072
49, 707
22, 190
3,699
12,008
25, 498
356, 658
468, 134
82, 981
379, 673
98, 693
4,830
208, 754
422,941
605, 187
26,002
8,126
863
490
196, 783
72, 154
267, 059
$12,414
24, 545
18, 991
1,965
11,810
6,068
7,222
14,912
666
2,348
5,614
7,647
106, 997
140, 440
53, 729
247, 040
64, 029
2,500
62, 626
126, 882
181, 556
16, 840
5,388
591
•224
59, 035
21,646
80,118
30.00
1921
30.00
19221
30.00
19222
63.50
1923
63.49
1924
65.00
Alizarin, synthetic—
1920 - -.-
30.00
1921
30.00
19221 - -
30.00
1923 -.
^ 63. 47
1924
46.75
Dyes obtained, derived, or manufactured from
alizarin—
1920
30.00
1^1
30.00
19221 _.
30.00
Colors, dyes, stains, etc., obtained, derived, or
manufactured from alizarin —
1922* . - .
64. 75
1923 -
65.07
1924'
64.88
1924*
51.77
Dyes obtained, derived, or manufactured from an-
thracene and carbazole—
1920 .-
30.00
1921
30.00
19221
30.00
Colors, dyes, obtained, derived, or manufactured
from anthracene or carbazole—
19222
64.76
1923
66.30
1924'
68.46
1924*
45.79
Indigoids, whether or not obtained from indigo—
1920
30.00
1921
30.00
1922 1
30.00
1923
1924,
1 Act of 1916.
« Act of 1922.
« From Jan. 1 to Sept. 21, 1924.
* From Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1924.
STATISTICAL TABLES
195
Table 74. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920 to iS;24— Continued
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922— Contd.
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
When obtained, derived, or manufactured in whole or
in part from any of the products provided for in
Group I (free) or II, including natural indigo and
their derivatives— Continued.
Indigo, natural—
1920
36, 537
77, 121
14,461
$69, 528
154, 538
19,074
$20, 858
46, 361
5, 722
30.00
30.00
30.00
1921 . . .
1922 1 __
1922 2 __ __
1923
9,102
3,863
171, 101
70, 975
86, 585
4,149
741
207, 299
84, 901
123, 702
3,427
715
62, 190
25, 470
37, 111
73.70
96.49
30.00
30.00
30.00
1924
Indigo, synthetic—
1920_
1921
1922'...,
1922 2._.. .
1923
356
1,076
872
13, 864
220
98, 735
59,290
79, 542
117
482
1,482
18, 636
544
172,841
66, 171
62, 986
95
292
950
12, 152
342
56, 789
22, 816
27, 077
81.30
60.63
64.11
65.21
62.83
32.86
34.48
35.05
1924
Colors, dyes, stains, etc., derived from indigo—
1922 2
1923
1924
Colors, or color lakes obtained, derived, or manufac-
tured from alizarin-
1920
1921
19221.. __
1922 2.... _
1923 (see "Dyes, etc., from alizarin").
Colors, or color lakes obtained, derived, or manufac-
tured from anthracene and carbazols —
1920 . ....
260, 060
62, 748
27, 535
529, 966
65, 635
63, 102
171,993
22, 828
20,032
32.45
34.78
31.75
192!
1922 1
1922 2....
1923 (see "Dyes, etc.. from anthracene and car-
bazole").
All other colors, dyes, or stains, whether soluble or
not in water, color acids, color bases, or color
lakes—
1920..
2, 807, 807
2,751,535
2, 077, 712
677, 849
3, 059, 361
1,905,219
1, 357, 133
239
4,263
1,124
2,906
2,479
1,420
762
1,756
.3.183
8>169
587
21,808
29,281
3,287
8, 183
10, 182
2,868
781
4, 093, 389
3, 968, 319
2,941,773
894, 844
4,154,091
2,320,712
1, 865, 036
262
3,635
2,270
1,521
2,681
2,366
1,404
2,094
10,512
2,568
1,615
67. 640
65, 906
4, 465
8,208
28,504
9,612
2,272
1,368,407
1, 328, 072
965, 640
584, 350
2, 70*5, 610
1, .^25. 793
934, 266
174
2,479
1,441
888
928
781
452
1,379
6,530
2,113
768
21, 382
21, 236
1,471
5.498
17,815
.5,968
1,077
33.43
33.47
32.83
65. 30
6.5. 16
05. 75
50.09
66.38
68.21
63.47
58.37
34.63
33.00
32.17
65 87
1921
1922 I....:..
19222
1923-.
1924'.. .
1924*
Color lakes—
19222
1923-
1924'.
1924 <
Phenolic resin, synthetic—
1921
19221...
Resinlike products prepared from articles provided
19222
1923
1924 3
1924 < .
47.54
31.61
32.22
32 94
Photographic chemicals—
1920
1921
1922 1
1922 2
66. 98
62.50
62 09
1923....
1924 3
1924*....
47.41
« Act of 1916.
> Act of 1922.
« From Jan. 1 to Sept. 21, 1924.
« From Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1924.
196
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920 to i 5^4— Continued
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM; DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— Contd.
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actual
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Coal-tar medicinals:
Acetanilid—
1920
1921
1922
1923
58
13
$82
26
$53
17
64.95
1924...
63.50
Acetphenetidin—
1920 -
1921
1
1922
1923
25
200
238
720
145
338
60.74
1924
46.94
Acetylsalicylic acid—
1920
1921
1922.
1923.
1
7
4
00
1924
Antipyrene —
1920
14, 737
53,293
13, 323
1921...
19221
12, 604
913
14, 250
3,080
3.920
5
85
571
2,780
18, 468
1,740
20, 602
3,650
4,715
211
7,136
914
4,059
4,617
1,108
13,359
2.406
2,396
127
3,217
588
2,630
26.00
19222
63.68
1923
64.89
1924'.
65.91
1924 <
50.82
Arsphenamine (salvarsan) and neo-arspbenamine—
1923
60.17
1924
45.08
Benzaldehyde—
1922
64.38
1923.
64.80
1924
Benzoic acid, medicinal—
1924 <
111
100
1,102
5
168
72
992
210
109
39
672
126
64.63
34.72
b. Naphtbol, medicinal—
1924
67.78
Novocain or procaine —
1923
60. 17
1924
Phenolphtbalein (25 per cent)—
1920
200
5,055
64
1,487
2,931
220
7,840
40
4
330
726
2,385
36
8,877
10, 891
2,646
9,800
81
55
324
165. 055
280. 299
154. 620
24. 410
164. 238
115. 937
89, 953
27
181
596
9
5,430
6,740
1,206
4,959
61
, 33
169
49. 517
84,090
46, 386
15, 202
101, 576
71, 190
43, 652
8
25.00
1921
25.00
19221
25.00
fil. 17
1923
61.88
1924
45.58
Resorcinol, medicinal—
1924
50.60
Salicylic acid and its salts, medicinal—
1923.
63.46
1924 3
60.61
52.13
Medicinals—
1920
30.00
1921.,
30.00
30.00
1922 *,3
7,937
43, 325
23, 257
45, 333
14
62.27
1923 3.
61.85
1924 3,4
61.40
1924 3,«
48.53
Flavors—
1920
30.00
1921
1922
1923
31
11
90
13
56
9
62.41
1924
65.92
» Act of 1916.
« Act of 1922.
' Other coal-tar medicinals.
4 From Jan. 1 to Sept. 21, 1924.
s From Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1924.
STATISTICAL TABLES
197
Table 74.
-Imports of coal-tar products entered for consumption, calendar years
1920 to 1924 — Continued
GROUP III (DUTIABLE AT 30 PER CENT AD VALOREM: DUTIABLE AT 60 PER CENT
AD VALOREM PLUS 7 CENTS PER POUND AFTER SEPTEMBER 21, 1922)— ConUi.
Article and year
Pounds
Value
Duty
Actua 1
and com-
puted ad
valorem
rate
Coal-tar medicinals— Continued.
Saccharin—
1920
40
46
1
1
51
1,980
$39
103
15
14
17
3,929
$26
30
1
8
11
2,496
66 67
1921
29 03
19221 _
4.33
1922 »
60. .^0
1924..
66 CO
Explosives: Picric acid—
1923
63 53
1924
Ink powder &—
1923
261
18
1,412
1,643
308
6
2,162
3,926
203
5
1,396
2,471
66 9S
1924
81 CO
Synthetic tanning material—
1923
64 57
1924.
62 93
." 1916.
... of 1922.
imports for coal-tar ink powder first separately reported for 1923.
In the Commission's Census of 1923 ,
on page 194, were published the imports from 1918 to 1923, of "Ink and ink powders;" "Printers' ink ,"
"Writing and copying inks," and "All other, including ink powders," and also exports of "Punters' ink ,"
and "All other inks '
Table 74. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar yeuts
1 920-1 92 J^
DEAD OR CREOSOTE OIL (FREE)
Imported from—
1920
1921
1922
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
United Kingdom
Oallom
12, 661, 527
4, 145, 712
$2, 589, 331
979, 438
Oallons
19, 466, 800
10, 403, 414
■2,993,469
$3,115,056
1,295,749
280, 948
Gallons
22, 333, 535
14, 471, 820
2, 406, 364
1, 537, 376
768,442
$2, 235, 686
1,528,941
193, 8C4
184, 486
97, 533
Netherlands
Germany ..
Belgium
Canada
1, 619, 903
10
227, 624
6
374, 845
904
64, 713
162
All other countries
Total
18, 427, 152
3, 796, 399
33, 239, 432
4,756,618
41, 567, 537
4,240, 449
Imported from-
United Kingdom . . .
Netherlands
Germany
Belgium
Canada
All other countries.
Total 64,199,636
1923
Quantity Value
Gallons
42, 352, 723
9, 277, 700
3, 094, 709
8, 478, 364
996, 140
$6, 897, 368
1, 422, 521
470, 337
1, 153, 750
127, 417
Quantity Value
Gallons
59, 594, 877
10, 324, 675
6, 634, 494
11,064,665
2, 069, 073
10, 071, 393 89, 687, 784
I
$8, 992, 571
1,611,622
828, 528
1, 744, 817
286, 151
13, 463, 688
198
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1 920-1 5:^4— Continued
BENZOL OR BENZENE
Imported from—
1920
1921
1922
Quantity
i
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
■Canada
Pounds 1
486.619 1
$10, 868
Pounds
1, 562, 951
$39, 020
Pounds
172, 108
420
$1, 167
■Oermany
56
All other countries
I
159, 134
3,350
!
Total .
486, 619
10, 868
1, 722, 085
42, 370
172, 528
1,223
Imported from—
1923
1924 1
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
■Canada -
Pounds
700, 157
944
$21, 732
185
20
Pounds
362, 640
$12.4.32
1, 102 200
All other countries 2
800
Total --
701, 901
21, 937
363, 742
12, 632
' Includes toluene.
' From New Zealand.
CRESOLi
Imported from —
England-.
Scotland..
Canada. -.
Oermany.
Total.
1920
Quantity Value
Pounds
6, 037, 223
4, 198, 397
16, 400
66, 050
10, 318, 070
$509, 710
382, 637
1,360
7,674
901, 381
Quantity
Pounds
1, 708, 992
934, 842
4,600
705, 448
3, 353, 882
Value
$139, 737
86, 380
501
27, 268
253, 886
« No imports in 1922, 1923, and 1924.
NAPHTHALENE
Imported from—
1920 1921
1922
Quantity
Value Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
United Kingdom
Pounds
10, 155, 579
413,274
2, 959, 976
381, 740
98, 695
494, 644
168, 923
61, 879
277, 461
$357, 954
16, 972
78, 704
34, 135
7,653
17, 077
3,528
5,400
8.708
Pounds
2, 644, 997
96, 928
1,708,868
42, 683
2,320
$83, 353
5,412
44,541
2,383
252
Pounds
2, 488, 716
$38, 619
Belgium
Canada
532, 935
11,316
1,000
12,823
Germany
446
Japan
94
Italy
1
110,365 1 2,047
All other
Total
15, 012, 171 1 .1.30. 221
4, 495, 796
135, 941
3,144,332 1 54.029
STATISTICAL TABLES
199
Table 74. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1920-1924— Continued
NA PHTHALENE— Continued
Imported from—
1923
1924
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
United Kingdom
Pounds
16, 991, 359
501, 508
395, 107
1,872,457
1, 276, 027
$408, 584
9,789
6,591
122,831
30, 768
Pounds
2,707,419
281, 834
$56, 963
5 238
Belgium
■Canada
Oermany
2,112,049
165, 406
31 146
Netherlands
3 144
Total
21,036,458
578, 563
5, 266, 708
96, 491
PYRIDINE (FREE)
Imported from—
19241
Quantity
Value
Belgium
France
Oermany.
Netherlands..
England
Scotland
■Canada
Panama
Total
' Included in "all other crudes" prior to 1924.
TAR AND PITCH OF COAL
Pounds
24,075
$9,410
14, 215
7,018
87, 269
33,382
22, 576
10, 279
452,611
203,743
4,841
3,2C8
1,148
447
2,245
1,295
608,980
268, 782
Imported from —
1920
1921
1922
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
England
Barrels
1,127
580
18, 824
150
$4,166
3,706
41,940
350
Barrels
7
$82
Barrels
162
100
24, 563
28
$1 241
Scotland
956
Canada...
21, 948
13
47, 913
53
56 229
All other countries
91
Total
20, 681
50, 162
21,968
48,048
24, 853
58, 517
Imported from—
1923
1924
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
England
Barrels
72
$365
Barrels
21
282
16, 563
343
197
Scotland
1 295
Canada
14,406
297
44, 184
2,276
48, 427
2 432
All other countries
Total
14, 775
46, 825
17, 209
52, 351
200
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Iakle 74. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years-
1920-1924 — Continued
TOLUOL OR TOLUENE »
Imported from—
1920
1921
1922
1923
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Pounds
194, 660
Value
Canada
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
143, 900
337
$6,044
17
$7,928
Sweden
Total
144, 237
6,061
194, 660
7,928
« Included with benzol in 1924.
ALL OTHER CRUDES
Imported from—
1930
1921
1922 j
1
1923 !
1924
$10,903
178, 866
1,581
876
9,179
$1, 507
19, 015
$308, 895 1
54,943 1
1, 570 1
8, 199 ]
6,373
142 1
1
$929 !.
684,774
65, 102
14,010
18,873 i
6,370 .
17,583
England
$373, 262
73, 720
Canada
840
352
7,326
German y
2.840
2,886
4
Total —
204, 381
21, 718
380, 122
807,641
CARBOLIC ACID
1920
1921
Imported from—
Carbolic acid, free
Carbolic acid,
dutiable (phenol)
CarboHc acid, free
Carbolic acid,
dutiable (phenol)
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
England . ..
Pounds
178, 652
14,040
$18, 258
1,590
Pounds
1,040
$244
Pounds
205. 113
$21,841
Pounds
250
$142
9,072
1,008
1
!
Total
192, 692
19, 848
1,040
244 ■ 214. 185
22,849
250 1 142
1922 >
1923 1
1924*
Imported from—
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Pounds
610, 789
62,715
11,098
1,702
$87,325
12, 258
898
1,801
Pounds
61,541
$14,715
Pounds
Netherlands
Germany
20
37
Total .--
686,304
102, 282
61, 561
14, 762
i
I Dutiable.
2 Not reported separately in 1924.
STATISTICAL TABLES
201
TabIvE 74. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
19£0-1924— Continued
ALL OTHER ACIDS
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924'
Imported from -
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
England
Pounds
250
$1,087
Pounds
Pounds
60,471
5
$5,228
3
Pounds
100
10
223
1,125
17,48(j
$410
8
3,345
877
1 74, 877
rounds
250, 257
$64. 817
1
11,199
8,182
500
" 1
309
11, 263
$3, 012
4,445
8,938
2,394
9, 936
2 45, 024 12, 606
Total -
11,758
9,769
11,263
3,012
73,859
17, 561
18,944
79, 517
295, 281
77,423
' All other composed of 17,376 pounds, valued at $74,492, from Switzerland and 110 pounds, valued at
•$385, from Canada.
'' All from Scotland.
' 1924 includes carbolic acid.
ANILINE OIL
T-iported
om—
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
Lbs.
220 $72
1 1
1
ANILINE SALTS
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
Imported from—
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
Quan-
tity
Value
England
Lbs.
Lbs.
18, 301
$12, 029
80
Lbs. 1 Lbs.
Lbs.
Germany
4
$1
Total
4
1
18,316
12, 109
ALL OTHER INTERMEDIATES
1920
1921
1922
Imported from —
Quantity
Value
Belgium..
$41, 291
140, 095
191,732
13,427
302, 235
2,435
68, 323
$18, 774
62, 028
80, 306
2,761
98, 502
36, 090
15
40. 587
2,539
Pounds
45. 666
514,437
83. 998
669, 475
62, 261
400
329
$31, 180
Germany.
83, 397
Netherlands.
18, 898
England
124,632
Switzerland
43, 8.'i6
Japan
39
Canada ...
308
All other countries
72, 130
'
Total
831, 668
341, 602
1, 376, 566
302, 310
202
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS-
Table 74. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years:
1920-1924— Continued
ALL OTHER INTERMEDIATES— Continued
Imported from—
1923
1924
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Belgium.- .- ...
Pounds
Pounds
France
30, 174
128, 707
295, 939
1, 700, 550
284
60
48, 022
394, 545
$45, 070
115,513
59, 276
236, 069
1,758
31
8,166
' 47, 809
7, 227
1, 964, 349
373, 004
1, 421, 393
5,490
$8, 937
507, 224
Germany _ ,
Netherlands
93, 359'
England
102, 682-
Switzerland ...
7,437
Japan_. '..
Canada
40, 356
9,97«
All other countries
Total . .
2, 598, 281
513, 692
3, 811, 819
759,617
> All other includes 394,487 lbs., valued at $47,752, from Scotland.
ALIZARIN AND DERIVATIVES
Imported from—
1920
1921
1922
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Belgium _
Pounds
46, 283
$32, 857
Pounds
13, 280
$9,964
Pounds
1,232
1,560
7,379
323, 239
46, 340
47, 791
28, 672
22, 758
887
$2, 359
Denmark
2, 240'
France
444
141,213
689
197, 562
6, 256
285, 007
13, 948
12, 483
110
44, 026
2
3,406
393, 374
26,464
21, 582
374
54, 869
5
10, 137
Germany
498, 548.
Italy
57, 686
Netherlands
5, 906
222,417
25, 196
297
10, 314
81, 393
IS, 898
1,806
61,043
Switzerland -
41, 670'
United Kingdom
28,002
Canada
249>
All other countries
Total . . .
441, 756
343, 519
375,112
510, 038
479, 858
701, 934
Imported from—
1923
1924
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Belgium ...
Pounds
275
$457
Pounds
5,958
$8, 802
Denmark. .
France .
13, 206
139, 144
24,046
11,219
73, 561
17, 792
2,813
8,074
24,630
167, 728
38, 190
16,024
124, 831
18, 165
4,422
9,165
1,927
90, 619
4,189
3,172
30, 126
15, 593
25
2,750'
Germany
117,816
Italy. __ . .
7,405
Netherlands
5,994
Switzerland
58, 343
United Kingdom
13, 086.
Canada ...
198-
All other countries.
Total.
290, 130
403, 612
151,609
214, 394
STATISTICAL TABLES
2oa
Table 74. — General imports of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1920-1 93 ^—Continued
ANTHRACENE AND CARBAZOLE COLORS AND DYES
Imported from—
1922 1
1923
1924
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value Quantity
Value
Germany
Pounds
11,900
5,797
$23, 128
2,874
Pounds
4,434
$4,692
1
Pounds
Italy
3,885
4,284
Total
17, 697
26,002
8,319
8,976
1
1
COLOR LAKES
France
16
223
$23
239
88
2,175
2,000
$162
2,710
763
Germany
England
Total- .
239
262
4,263
3,635
» Beginning Sept. 22, 1922.
INDIGO (DUTIABLE)
1920
1921
Imported from—
Natural
Synthetic ! Natural
Synthetic
Pounds
Value
Pounds Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Switzerland
57,411
27, 269
10, 214
50.066
4,346
2,850
$150, 957
51, 556
20, 296
70,008
5,171
7,392
285, 153 $252, 708
1, 229 361
27, 366
9,245
$55, 142
9,857
11,112
59,873
6,895
$101, 073
England
5, 045
Salvador
13, 158
France.
400,589 172,692
25, 029 18, 220
331, 320
2,829
87, 407
Germany.
882
2,382
2, 288
India .
Italy
54,422 37,311
532
6,813
128
All other countries
48
48
1,838
7,202
4,962-
Total
152, 204
305, 428
766,422 481,292 i 52.489
85, 695
408, 262
200, 903
,—
1922
1923
1924
Imported from—
Natural
Synthetic
Natural
Synthetic
Indigo and
derivatives
Pounds
Value
Pounds 1 Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Pounds
Value
Switzerland
6,501
4,413
$9, 482
2,904
63,355 $84,553
2,000 ! 818
England
9,378
900
$4,624
450
5,979
$1, 689
Salvador
France
5, 324 i3, 920
610 1, 756
220
220
167
Germany
1,536
1,462
544
India
Italy
929 401
275
1356
$341
1117
All other countries
195
i42
Total
12,450 13.848
72,218
101,448 10.473
5,216
631
458
6,419
2,400'
From China.
204
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 74. — General importti of coal-tar products, by countries, calendar years
1920-19^4 — Continued
INDIGO, DYES, COLORS, STAINS, ETC. (DUTIABLE) i
Imported from—
1922
1923 1924 a
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
France.- -
Pounds
Pounds
2, .522
1,860
5.411
2,206
1,810
.*2. 614
2.676
7, 035
Pounds
Germany . . ..
100
772
.$752
730
Italy .
Switzerland . .
2.548
3,301
All other countries
Total ..
872
1,482
13,809
18, 174
' Sept. 22 to Dec. 31. 2 xtq report.
COAL-TAR COLORS OR DYES (DUTIABLE)
«
Imported from-
Belgium..:
France
Germany
Switzerland
England
All other countries
Total
1920
Quantity 1 Value
Pounds
190,414 I-
70,821 {
1,155,501 I
1,372,490 i
345,889 I
351,758
$153, 020
100, 884
1, 565, 300
2, 693, 653
394, 668
351,277
3,486,873 5,258,802
Quantity i Value
Pounds
31,813
62, 468
1,050,028
1,504,970
287, 377
169,699
$56, 481
90, 328
1,718,776
2, 005, 265
358, 463
216,035
3,106,355 I 4,445,348
19221
Quantity Value
Pounds
1,941
36,163
1,138,951
1, 109, 3C1
165,683
101,537
2, 553, 576
■-K49
16,U.i»'
662, 608
809, 778
1.39, 577
133, 991
3,762,841
Imported from—
1922 2 »
1923
1924
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value .
Belgium
Pounds
Pounds
17.269
209, 865
1, .580, 403
857, 466
106, 704
< 480, 733
$33, 607
347, 596
1,945,814
1,331,075
104, 965
< 661, 194
Pounds
45, 063
124,958
1,652.784
1,118,215
104, 113
38S, 813
$.=55,488
France
15,111
266, 255
295, 470
31,374
130, 149
$17, 523
344. 569
390. 457
27.812
226, 563
183, 526
Germany.
2.079,059
Switzerland. ...
1,523,829
England
98,427
All other countries
519, 127
Total
738.359
1, 006, 924
3, 252, 440
4,424,311
3, 433, 946
4,459,456
> Jan. 1 to Sept. 21.
■ Title changed to: Colors, dyes, stains, color acids, and color bases, n. e.
3 Sept. 22 to Dec. 31.
* Includes 346,526 lbs. valued at $490,717 from Italy.
i
STATISTICAL TABLES
205
Table 74. — General imports of coal-tar products,^by countries, calendar years
1920-1924— Coniinned
COAL-TAR MEDICINALS
Imported from—
1920 1
1921 1
1922 1
1922 2
France .
$21,724
59, 133
8
21,203
18, 571
40, 339
4,595
$45., 378
124, 862
60
11,680
39, 151
59, 681
795
$43, 544
92, 991
17,530
20, 760
19, 521
49, 810
128,518
$20, 089
74 983
Italv
16, 95a
25, 462
35, 473
31 701
Netherlands . .
Switzerland .
England .
All other countries
4,009
Total
165, 573
281,607
372, 674
208,670
Imported from-
France
Germany.
Italy
Netherlands
Switzerland
England
ill „»v,^- --juntrieg
1923
Pounds
23,117
22, 087
310
3,611
12,802
4,707
1,494
68, 128
Value
■ "Medicinal preparations, n. e. s." to and including Sept. 21, 1922.
2 Sept. 22 to Dec. 31, 1922.
EXPLOSIVES, 1922 >
$59, 600
52, 766
1,593
46, 024
36, 113
13, 579
2,580
212, 255
Pounds
31,868
10, 092
271
1,652
41,351
3,112
3,857
92, 203
Value
$63, 310
33,416
1,214
78, 755
60, 477
11,473
7,330
255, 975
Quantity
Value
Italy.
Total.
Pounds
5,470
5, 470
1 None reported for 192:? and 1924.
ALL OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS
6,843
6,84a
Imported from—
j 1920
1921
1922
•
1923
1924
France.
Germany
Switzerland ,
Engh.nd
Value
... $37,192
...I 21,406
...j 6,715
i 10, 307
Value
$39, 314
6, 518
15,011
2,657
302
Value
$430
16, 658
715
2,157
1
Pounds
1,110
9,821
2, 372
383
3,241
Value
$11, 459
27, 856
8,778
973
5,731
Pounds
394
9,871
928
178
709
Valuey '
$1,506
7,971
2,411
217
All other countries . .
. 1 29
1,979
Total
... 75,649
63,802
19. 961
16, 927
54.797
12,080
14,084
208
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 75. — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
1920-1924
COAL TAR
Exported to-
Europp
North America
South America.
Asia
'Oceania
Africa
Total
Quantity Value
Barrels
243
74, 374
3. 725
10
81
17
88, 350
$1,441
208, 561
23, 656
65
995
49
234, 767
Quantity Value
Barrels
212
91,716
457
17
92, 406
$1,394
185.063
3,125
1,857
43
191,482
Quantity Value
Barrels
46
101,396
580
63
57
102,150
$392
209, 631
3,142
545
245
100
214, 055
Exported to—
1923 1 j
1
1924 1
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value CJ
Europe . . .
Barrels
348, 105
149, 161
844
28
13
15,683
$1, 299, 531
337, 501
5,677
278 1
161 j
51,346 !
Barrels
163,825
79, 767
986
88
108
24,241
$606, 106
North America .
236, 117
South America ..- -
8,374
Asia
1,016
Oce£inla.--i.-- _
2.247
Africa
162, 343
Total
513, 834
1,694,494
269,015
1, 076, 203
' Crude tar and pitch.
COAL-TAR DISTILLATES— BENZOL
Exported to—
France
Si)ain-._ - -.
England
Ireland
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Chile
Java and Madeira
Australia
British South Africa.
Algeria and Tunis
Italy-
Belgium
All other countries...
Total... 13,174,268
Quantity ' Value
Pounds
2, 528, 494
129, 378
57, 500
$138, 850
19,056
4,970
389, 783
2,729
353, .522
229, 079
23,904
219
23,007
16, 760
Quantity
Pounds
24, 344, 624
19,100
46, 073, 896
44, 725
1,443
.549, 896
160, 107
49, 889
4,961,878
3, 150. 240
1,321,776
4,776
15, 700
4,208
357, 956
238,617
98, 925
348, 880
'467,"82i
927,940 72,030,400
Value
$1,09.5,063
5,278
1,797,780
2,876
94
37, 575
10, 120
1,001
440
22, 030
"34,'829
3, 007, 086
Quantity | Value
Pounds
20,158,912
44, 697
39,649,410
448, 728
2, 045, 994
13, 405
445, 136
156,251
48,216
86, 350
17,312
1, 529, 483
96, 508
64, 740, 402
$738, 078
8,045
1, 390, 924
27,400
69, 984
1,048
27, 464
9,521
2, 550
7,067
1,500
08, 935
10, 305
2, 362, 821
Exported to —
France
England
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Chile
Australia
British South Africa.
Algeria and Tunis
Italy
All other countries...
Total - 111,336,768 3,647,660
1923
Quantity
Pounds
25, 932, 540
80,899,171
80, 725
14, 137
740, 496
92, 006
23, 240
749
44, 777
7,010
3.501,917
Value
$975, 152
2, 415. 199
3, 586
1,021
52, 230
4,928
2,066
80
1,629
810
190,959
1934
Quantity
Pounds
25. 160, 724
31,206,248
33, 221
51, 993
759,301
171,956
2.418
496, 310
57, 882, 171
Value
$690, 683
936, 044
1,730
5,527
51, 254
9,903
260
44, 436
1,739,837
STATISTICAL TABLES
207
Table 75. — Domestic imports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestiiffs, calendar years
1920-1924— Continued
OTHER CRUDE DISTILLATES
Exported to—
1920
Value
France - - $445, .520
474, 793
314, 641
287
136, 063
193,089
32, 654
Belgium
Canada.. -
Honduras
Mexico.. -
Brazil
Cuba
Japan 1 1,158,196
England 1,632,599
Switzerland ] 1,313.431
All other countries 1,260,976
Total... [ 6.962,249
1921
Value
$10, 347
156,917
14,090
32, 550
1,785
79, 746
28, 498
44, 833
140, 742
1922 '
Value
$995
12.849
51,718
15, 454
13,691
29, 738
2.561
3,644
24,333
509, 508
154, 983
1923 •
Value
109, 770
20, 797
19, 102
16, 569
37, 675
10.316
8,027
79, 355
1924
Value
$163,559
16,794
37, 383
3,820
66, 544
10, 083
8,498
147, 705
301,702
454, 386
' Includes toluol and solvent naphtha.
CARBOLIC ACID
Exported to—
1922
1923
1924
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Canada '.
Pounds
15, 306
50, 096
7,009
91,073
44,211
15, 451
$1, 143
4,040
694
9,100
4.563
3,083
Pounds
2,808
9,545
8, 195
67,250
$344
1,099
1,461
17, 226
Pounds
1,461
17, 706
7,539
$93
M esico -
l,71fi
Cuba
711
All other countries
145, 032
1 14, 259
' 24, 658
5.496
Total
223,146
23,223
232, 830
34,389
51,364
8,016
ANILINE OILS AND SALTS
Spain . ..
10,000
211,010
2.1. 895
29, 302
30, 603
17,597
9,012
6,804
341, 220
$1, 450
40,919
3. 575
7,000
6,123
2.993
1,610
1,945
65, 602
Canada
2S8, 043
22. 19S
27, 885
110.777
2.122
33, 134
13. 300
497, 457
$57, 307
5,675
4,693
17,384
321
6.279
3, 364
160, 750
5,538
$41,838
Mexico
2,117
British India
Japan . ......
165, 242
40, 280
Philippines. ... ...
Australia
36, 900
7,023
9,403
All other countries
7,799
Total ....
95, 023
375; 459
101,437
NAPHTHALENE
Switzerland
6,000 1
17, 542 1
11,5.58 1
21, 127 i
11.8.53 i
14.610
8,388 !
18,429
$1,600
297
1,044
1,204
770
4, .329
739
2.674
Canada .
10,554
7,247
25,500
10, 294
12. 529
3,220
25, 820
$798
1,322
1,907
672
3,045
406
2,236
25.004
7,686
1,464
274
10, 058
1,860
65, 850
$855
Mexico .....
596
Cuba.
128
British India . _
21
Japan. . . .
3 520
Philippines
72
All other coiinfTie.'!
3 8, 025
Total
109,514 1
12, 657
95, 164
10, 386
112, 196
13,217
NITROBENZOL
Norway
26, 880
5,682
3,203
$2, 957
683
.^09
Canada
Cuba.
Dominican Republic .
3, 040 1 608
2. 147 1 312
2,028 337
Australia,
All other countries .
1
Total
42.980 \ 5. 29fi
1
1
' All other includes 130,049 pounds valued at $11,106 to Panama.
' Includes 8,563 pounds ($2,116) to Panama.
' All other includes 44,8.50 pounds ($6,279) to Spain.
« Included in other intermediates for 1923 and 1924.
208
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
Table 75. — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar years
1920-1924 — Continued
OTHER INTERMEDIATES
Exported to—
Greece
Spain
Switzerland...
Canada
Mexico
Cuba
Brazil
Chile
China
Japan...
Australia
All other countries.
Total
1922
Quantity Value
Pounds
28, 463
65, 438
5,054
172, 186
77, 642
10, 199
42, 618
12, 192
314, 774
54,888
20, 050
31, 630
835, 134
$7, 280
13, 834
1,500
33, 695
3,481
1,636
8,275
1,823
65, 047
12, 910
11,844
6,277
1923
Quantity Value
Pounds
9,503
88,868
9,384
149, 740
130, 564
8,684
181,361
100
89, 336
256, 373
17,600
276, 670
167,602 1,218,183
$2, 225
15, 088
4,311
22, 578
13, 258
1,007
34, 457
9
18, 802
51, 407
8,103
71,815
243,060
1924
Quantity Value
Pounds
23, 065
45, 818
2,024
58, 971
177, 290
21,949
200, 526
200
15,200
505,914
26, 170
1 480, 302
1,557,429
COLOR LAKES, 1922 s
Canada .
16,900
7,616
100
1,000
135
2,440
*14,
Cuba . .
1, -■-■
Peru . .
China
800
Hongkong
86
Japan I
3,298
All other countries . .
Total -
28,228
19,928
' Includes 409,880 pounds, $28,550, to Russia in Europe.
! Figures for 1923 and 1924 included in other colors, dyes, and stains.
DYES AND DYESTUFFS (VALUE)
1920
1921
Exported to —
.A.niline
dyes
Logwood
extracts
All other
Aniline
dyes
Logwood
extracts
All other
,$66, 752
.507, 371
807,241
454
582, 236
39, 682
100
132, 3,59
1,318,498
1, 547, 109
1,091,603
13, 159
52, 745
2, 282, 210
12, 783. 303
277, 6C0
65, 077
26, 463
682, 998
67, 921
4, 568
100,971
$5,970
118, 339
607,017
1,456
404, 367
73, 472
$20,688
41,523
391,060
7,745
275, 149
56,057
$1,4.32
100, 821
67, 535
653
45, 068
1,938
Belgium.
$6, 843
66,762
13, 885
8,723
2, 535
.$45
Fr&rrce.
8,334
Germany
6, 352
Italv
70
Netherlands . . ....
6, 590^
Switzerland
60. 157
729, 026
183, 001
11.092
1.852
18,144
45, 586
195, 493
41, 283
1,248
2,903
77, 183
1,250
1,110
25, 051
92,017
1,079,871
982, 665
210, 145
13, 730
97. 922
497, 029
3, 208, 107
134. 196
28, 251
2,794
149, 365
29.802
15,998
38, 997
20,374
165,711
684, 664
149, 009
7,982
1,585
432, 881
3,131,071
207. 473
61,699
1,305
36, 844
2,786
1,800
44,369
19
United Kingdom. _
21,096
71,331
3, 560
975
91
16,466
347, 610
13, 190
486
58,630
Canada
423,914
Mexico - . .
132, 075
5,680
West Indies
2,057
South America.-
89. 156-
Asia
333, 709-
Oceania
51. 743
Africa
13, 179
3, 84»-
535
12, 040
8.97&-
1,304
All other countries
15,868
46,433:
Total . -
22, 450, 480
2, 605, 060
7,373,111
5,067,000
589, 756
1, 203, 155'
STATISTICAL TABLES
209
Table 75. — Domestic exports of coal tar and of dyes and dyestuffs, calendar yeavs
19£0-19£4—CoQtmued
OTHER COLORS, DYES, AND STAINS
Exported to —
Belgium
France
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
United Kingdom
Canada
Mexico
Cuba
South America
British India
China -.
-Japan
Philippine Islands...
Australia
New Zealand
Bri^'sh South Africa,
ther countries...
Total.
1922
Quantity Value
Pounds
107, 712
12, 100
16, 830
25, 702
16, 915
24,973
87, 566
16, 139
1,861,255
159, 857
39, 344
425, 551
753, 425
3, 588, 563
959, 409
33,584 I
58, 665 I
36, 680 I
28,542 I
71,397
8, 324, 209
$76, 342
11,975
8,434
51,469
2,792
10, 787
42, 426
5, 342
1,108,518
87, 920
27, 335
323, 922
311,504
924, 026
844, 458
8.618
31,265
21,439
31,976
50, 669
1923 1
Quantity .
3, 981, 217
Pounds
321.888
15, 068
2, 895
104
6,667
1,155
11,598
32, 492
1,616,949
155, 302
63, 832
490, 619
899, 989
11.448,849
2, 463. 083
63, 906
37, 227
55, 147
23, 538
214, 228
17, 924, 536
Value
$111,727
6,340
1,608
129
5,855
497
12,500
16, 687
927, 420
78, 536
38, 365
352, 265
349, 614
2,431.421
1, 035, 865
23, 234
29, 597
26, 313
18. 335
99, 063
5, 565, 371
Quantity
Pounds
166, 988
1,137
3,294
2,344
10, 945
4,209
10. 329
' 10,616
1, 256, 284
193. 394
39,711
508, 623
408. 395
9, 604, 760
3,217,514
56, 205
50. 823
27, 036
17, 106
123, 378
15,713,091
Value
$80, 322
704
1,96-1
2, 069
4,647
1,650
7,643
7,738
740, 903
87, 376
37, 305
345, 838
216,320
2. 227, 943
1,703,831
.33, 185
42, 862
15, 982
10, 052
66, 730
5, 635, 064
MEDICINALS
Belgium
Pounds
3,040
3,300
297, 223
80, 540
55, 874
5,916
37, 829
11,375
3,148
3,330
27, 575
4,848
20, 168
$450
850
80,954
31,709
13,001
3,091
30, 476
16, 122
1,796
3,107
21, 135
3,863
17, 992
Pounds
Pounds
965
$1, 320
•Greece..
Turkey in Europe
1
England
74, 169
10, 926
5, 515
33, 999
3,147
5,141
2,667
11,346
931
90, 134
$49, 301
8,617
5, 039
30,840
3,681
3,355
1,458
5, 653
988
55, 228
31, 641
48, 119
9,378
92, 097
5, 938
1,768
24
16, 787
2,064
79, 624
25, 275
31 553
•Canada
Honduras
8,728
133 541
Mexico
•Cuba
7 825
Venezuela.
4,956
121
British India
.Australia
13 861
British South Africa
1 426
.All other countries..
93, 160
Total
554, 166
224,546
237,975
164, 160
288,405
321, 766
' Includes color lakes. » England.
SYNTHETIC PHENOLIC RESINS >
1922
Quantity
Value
England
Pounds
500
121, 183
250
1,600
4,620
$69
•Canada
7 786
Mexico
43
•China.
1 762
•Japan
3,523
Total exports
128, 153
13 183
' Included in total "Other coal-tar finished products, n. e. s." for 1923 and 1924.
210
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
T.\BLE 75. — Domestic exports of coal-tar anl of dyes and dyi'sluffs, calnnd-ir years
1920-1924 — Continued
PHOTOQRAPHIC CHEMICALS
1922
1923
1924
• Exported to—
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Quantity
Value
Pounds
11,274
6.5,411
1.5, 019
16, 738
24,52ti
39, 815
11,709
10,806
13, 094
39, 727
$4, 896
1.5,971
7,228
6,306
9, 124
26, 809
5, .509
9,018
4,302
14,690
Pounds
2,205
23, 427
10, 349
16, 223
34, 344
35, 894
8,862
12,716
22, 101
48, 039
$1,054
5, 775
5,079
5,406
9,834
28, 309
5,051
12,030
5,363
18,416
Pounds
1,992
20, 679
14, 721
18, 788
5, 3.30
16,845
10, 545
13, 688
14,883
56, 524
$1, 872
6, 583
5,863
Cuba
7,261
2,329
1.5,455
4,063
12,731
3,230
V 11 other countries -
21, 364
Total
248,119
103, 853
214, 100
96, 317
173,995
80,751
OTHER FINISHED COAL-TAR PRODUCTS, N. E. S.
37,226
80,800
48, 767
264,009
2, 797, 967
2S, 262
67, 434
470. 344
95, 545
984, 063
107, 043
39, 692
78, 574
80,661
80, 470
67,948
21, 533
194, 752
$1, 540
2,560
1,275
33, 285
63, 908
2,655
2 079
26, 902
5 401
43, 497
8,831
2, 598
4, 664
13, 442
13,415
17, 550
4,533
24, 707
4,174
30, 893
$3, 193
6,576
1,000
$680
167, 822
1,128,624
6,017
24. 809
334, 479
21, 8.54
868, 690
207, 900
1,510
4,742
103,833
202, 251
154,606
26. 785
' 1,212,257
37, 292
57,663
709
2, 920
20, 560
3,460
38, 382
9,200
381
1,155
18,951
27,707
38, 981
5,166
206, 808
74, 137
209, 457
8,257
11,420
150,729
12,769
279, 141
201, 125
22,052
1,134
134,398
214,821
387, 275
18, 038
M21.615
23, 539
Canada
41,520
928
1,485
13,724
2.006
("aba
26, 670
9,051
Brazil
3,004
(3hile --
136
22, 625
Peru -
30, 975
58, 253
Australia
2,948
67, 418
Total
5,545,090
272,842
4, 501, 146
479, 104
2, 147, 368
304,962
1 All other countries includes 768,236 pounds valued at $140,077 to China.
» Includes 217,369 pounds valued at $34,212 to China.
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
211
Directory of Manufacturers of Dyes and Other Synthetic
Organic Chemicals, 1924
Name of company
Abbott Laboratories, The ,
Acids Manufacturing Corporation.
Agawam Chemical Works (Inc.).-
Algon Color & Chemical Corporation.
Office address (location of plant given in parentheses
if not in same city as office)
Alston-Lucas Paint Co
Alehouse Chemical Co., The
Alyco Manufacturing Co. (Inc.).
Amalgamated Dyestuff and Chemical Works
(Inc.)
American .\uilinc Products (Inc.)
10 Amido Products Co.
11 Anderson Chemical Co
12 Ansbachcr & Co. (Inc.), A. B
Auramine Corporation of America
Baird & McGuire (Inc.)
^akelite Corporation of West Virginia.
rett Co., The
17 Bayer Co. (Inc.), The.
Beavor Chemical Corporation
Beaver Manufacturing Co
Belle Alkali Co
Benzol Products Co. (Inc.)...
Berghausen Chemical Co., The E
Berkhpimer Manufacturing Co., J. E.
Brooklyn Color Works (Inc.)
Brown Co
Bush (Inc.), Burton T.
Bush& Co., W. J
Cable Chemical Works..
Ca'co Chemical Co., The
California Ink Co. (Inc.)
Carbide & Carbon Chemical CorDcatinn.
Carey M i"ufnrturing Co., The Philip
Celluloid Co.. The
Central Dyestuff & Chemical Co...
Central Specialty Co
Certain-teed Products Corporation.
Chemical Co. of America (Inc.), The.
Childs & Co. (Inc.), Charles M...
Cincinnati Chemical Works (Inc.) .
Coal Tar Dyes (Inc.)
Coleman & Bell Co
Combustion Utilities Corporation.
Commonwealth Chemical Corporation.
Commonwealth Color & Chemical Co.
Consolidated Color & Chemical Co
Cooks Falls Dye Works (Inc.)
Coopers Creek Chemical Co
Corona Chemical Division, Pittsburgh Plate
Glass Co.
Croton Color & Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Crown Tar Works
Crystal Color & Chemical Works
David Chemical Co., Albert
Debrook Co. (Inc.)
Dehls & Stein
Delta Chemical & Iron Co
4753 Ravenswood Avenue, Chicago, 111.
50 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(Packer, Conn.)
10 Weybosset Street, Providence, R. I. (North
Attleboro, Mass.)
132 Front Street, New York, N. Y. (Elizabeth,
N. J.)
1031 Currier Street, Chicago, 111.
540 Pear Street, Reading, Pa.
86 Orange Street, Bloomfield, N. J.
Plum Point Lane, Newark N.J.
45 East Seventeenth Street, New York, N . Y. (Lock
Haven, Pa.)
132 Front Street, New York, N. Y. (228 Emmett
Street, Newark, N. J.)
P. O. Box 307, Passaic, N. J. (Wallington, N. J.)
527 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (310 North
Seventh Street, Brooklvn, N. Y.)
22 Seventh Street, Long Island City, N. Y.
Holbrook, Mass.
247 Park Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Bloomfield,
N. J.; Chicago, 111.; Painesville, Ohio; Perth
Amboy, N. J.)
40 Rector Street, New York, N. Y. (Plants dis-
tril)uted throughout the United States.)
117 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Rensselaer,
N.Y.)
Damascus, Va.
Ballardvale, Mass.
Belle, W. Va.
13 Margaretta Street, Newark, N.J.
915 Carr Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2928 South M Street, Tacoma, Wash.
Stewart Avenue and Cherry Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
404 Commercial Street, Portland, Me. (Berlin,
N. 11.)
45 John Street, New York, N. Y. (Delawanna, N. J.)
370 Seventh Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Linden,
N. J.)
1700 Elston Avenue, Chicago, 111. (Cable, Wis.)
Bound Brook. N. J.
West Berkeley, Calif.
30 Fast Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
Lockland, Ohio.
36 Washington Place, New York, N. Y. (Newark,
N.J.)
Foundry Street and Roanoke Avenue, Newark, N. J.
524 Delaware Street, Kansas Citv, Mo.
100 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(East St. Louis, 111.)
46 Murray Street, New York, N. Y. (Springfield,
N.J.)
43 Summit Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Evanston Station, Box 20, Cincinnati, Ohio. (Nor-
wood & St. Bernard, Ohio.)
132 Front Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
Norwood, Ohio.
8-10 Bridge Street, New York, N. Y. (Toledo,
Ohio.)
25 West Forty-third Street, New York, N. Y. (New-
ark, N. Y.)
Nevins, Bufler, and Baltic Streets, Brooklyn, N. Y.
122 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark,
N.J.)
68 William Street, New York, N. Y. (Cooks Falls,,
N. Y.)
West Conshohocken, Pa.
205 Lake Street, Milwaukee, Wis.
293 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (Croton-on-
Hudson, N.Y.)
418 Gas & Electric Building, Denver, Colo.
Saugus, Mass.
44 Watts Street, New York, N. Y. (Chicago Heights,
111.)
1105 Metropolitan Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
237 South Street, Newark, N. J.
Wells, Delta County, Mich.
212
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
No.
Name of company
Office address (location of plant given in parentheses
if not in same city as ofiBce)
56 Devoe & Raynolds Co. (Inc.) .
87
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
Diarsenol Laboratories (Inc.)
Dovan Chemical Corporation
Dow Chemical Co., The
Dupont De Nemours & Co., E. I
Dye Products & Chemical Co. (Inc.)
Dyes & Chemicals of New Jersey (Inc.).
Dyostuils & Chemicals (Inc.)
Eakins, (Inc.), J. S. & W. R
Eastern Color Co
Eastman Kodak Co -
Essex Aniline Works (Inc.)
Federal Color Laboratories (Inc.) .
Fine Colors Co
Florasynth Laboratories (Inc.)
Ford Motor Co.. ,
Foster- Heaton Co
Fries Bros.
Fries & Fries Co., The.
Garfield Aniline Works (Inc.).
Gary Chemical Co
Gaskill Chemical Corporation, The.
Qebauer Chemical Co., The.
Goodrich Co., The B. F
Qranton Chemical Co. (Inc.).
Grasselli Dyestufl Corporation.
Harmer Laboratories Co
Harmon Color Works (Inc.)
Heller & Merz Co., The
Henke Chemical Co
Herrmann & Co. (Inc.), Morris.
Heyden Chemical Co. of America (Inc.).
Hooker Electrochemical Co
Hydrocarbon Chemical Co
Hynson, Westcott & Dunning
Imperial Color Works (Inc.)
Interstate Chemical Co
Ising Corporation, The C. E
Johnson & Co., Charles Eneu
Kent Color Corporation
Kentucky Color and Chemical Co.
Kerin Manufacturing Co., The
Kessler Chemical Co., The
Klipstein & Sons Co., E. C
Kohnstamm & Co. (Inc.), H
Lakeview Laboratories
LaMotte Chemical Products Co., The,
Lee Co., A
Lewis Mfg. Co., F. J
Lilly and Co., Eli
Lucas & Co. (Inc.), John .
Maas & Waldstein Co .
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works
Maple Chemical Cc. (Inc.) _
Marx Color & Chemical Co., Max.
Mason By-Products Co
Massachusetts Department of Public Health.!
May Chemical Works
Maywood Chemical Works.
Mepham & Co., Geo. S
Merck & Co
Merrimac Chemical Co
Metz Laboratories (Inc.), H.
Mever, Alexander
Miner-Edgar Co., The.
Monsanto Chemical Works.
Morana (Inc)
101 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. (Chicago, HI.,
and Brooklyn, N. Y.)
454 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y.
30 Church Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
Midland, Mich.
Wilmington, Del. (Deep Water Point, N. J.)
200 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
702 Court Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
11th and Monroe Streets, St. Louis, Mo.
24 Wallahout Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
16 East Forty-third Street, New York, N. Y.
343 State Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. (Rochester, N. Y.)
88 Broad Street, Boston, Mass. (South Middleton,
Mass.)
Forest Street, Norwood, Ohio.
21 McBride Avenue, Paterson, N. J.
Olmstead and Starling Avenues, Unionport, N. Y.
Iron Mountain, Mich.
833-839 Magnolia Avenue, Elizabeth, N. J.
92 Reade Street, New York, N. Y. (Bloomfleld,
N.J.)
1501 West Sixth Street, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Midland Avenue, Garfield, N. J.
749 Broadway, Gary, Ind. (Chesterton, Ind.)
157 Spencer Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
669 Erie Building, Cleveland, Ohio. (9408 St. Cather-
ine Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio.)
Akron, Ohio.
350 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. (New
Brunswick, N. J.)
117 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Grasselli,
N^ J ' RciissGltiGr N^ Y ^
2 South Twenty-first Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
361-371 Harmon Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
338 Wilson Avenue, Newark, N. J.
222 North Dunn Street, Bloomington, Ind.
200 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (878 Mount
Prospect Avenue, Newark, N. J.)
45 East Seventeenth Street, New York, N. Y. (Gar-
field, N. J.)
25 Pine Street, New York, N. Y. (Niagara Falls,
N. Y.)
951 East Orange Street, Lancaster, Pa.
Charles and Chase Streets, Baltimore, Md.
Glens Falls, N. Y.
667 Garfield Avenue, Jersey City, N. J.
Flushing, N. Y.
509 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
2 South Ninth Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Thirty-fourth and Bank Streets, Louisville, Ky.
Central National Bank Building, Marietta, Ohio
575 Nassau Street, Orange, N. J.
644 Greenwich Street, New York, N. Y. (Carteret,
N. J.; South Charleston, W. Va.).
87 Park Place. New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
2 Jersey Street, Buffalo, N. Y. (Roulette, Pa.)
McCormick Building, 400 Light Street, Baltimore,
Md.
Lawrence, Mass. (Methuen, Mass.)
2513 South Robey Street, Chicago, 111.
Indianapolis, Ind.
322 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. (Oibbsboro,
Camden City, N. J.)
45 John Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N. J.)
3(00 North Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
122 Maple Avenue, Rosebank, Staten Island, N. Y.
192 Coit Street, Irvington, N. J.
2 Pine Street, San Francisco, Calif. (Waldo, Marin
Countv, Calif.)
Room 540, State House, Boston, Mass. (83 Wash-
infiton Street, Brookline, Mass.)
204 Niagara Street, Newark, N. J.
100 West Hunter Avenue, Maywood, N. J.
Twentieth Street and Lvnch Avenue, East St. Louis,
111.
45 Park Place, New York, N. Y. (Rahway, N. J.)
148 State Street, Boston, Mass. (Woburn, Mass.)
122 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
96 East Tenth Street, New York, N. Y.
110 William Street, New York, N. Y. (Newark, N.
J.; St. Marvs, Pa.)
1724 South Second Street, St. Louis, Mo.
118 East Twenty-seventh Street, New York, N. Y.
(Elizabeth, N. J.)
DIRECTORY OF MANUFACTURERS OF DYES
213
Name of company
Office address (location of plant given in parentheses
if not in same city as office)
National Ammonia Co. of Pa., The
National AnUine & Chemical Co. (Inc.).
Naugatuck Chemical Co., The
New England Aniline Works (Inc.)
New Haven Gas Light Co
New York Quinine & Chemical Works (Inc.)
The.
Newport Co., The
Niagara Alkali Co
Niagara Smelting Corporation.
Northwestern Chemical Co
Norvell Chemical Corporation, The.
Novocol Chemical Manufacturing Co. (Inc.).
Oldbury Electro Chemical Co
Palatine Aniline & Chemical Corporation....
Passaic Color Corporation
Peek Chemical Works (Inc.)
Peerless Color Co
Pennsylvania Coal Products Co
Pfizer & Co. (Inc.), Chas
Pharma-Chemical Corporation
Portland Gas & Coke Co
Powers- Weightman-Rosengarten Co
Providence Chemical Laboratories
Puritan Dye & Chemical Co
Quaker Oats Co., The...
Radiant Dye & Color Works.
Republic Creosoting Co
Rhodia Chemical Co.
Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., The...
Rossville Co., The
Rubber Service Laboratories Co., The.
Ruston (Inc.), Philip.
Selden Co., The.
Semet-Solvay Co
Seydel Chemical Co...
Sherwin-Williams Co., The
Siemon & Elting (Inc.)
Sinclair & Valentine Co..
Southern DyestufTs Co
Special Chemicals Co
Springdale Finishing Co. (Inc.), The.
Squibb & Sons, E. R
Stearns & Co., Frederick
Sun Chemical & Color Co
Synfleur Scientific Laboratories (Inc.).
Synthetical Laboratories of Chicago...
Tar Products Corporation
Texdel Chemical Co
Te-xtile Chemacal Co. (Inc.)..
Thatcher Process Co. (Inc.).
Todd Co., A. M .
Trico Chemical Co. (Inc).
Uhlich & Co. (Inc.), PauL
Ullman Co., Sigmund
Ultro Chemical Corporation
United States Industrial Chemical Co. (Inc.) .
VanDyk & Co. (Inc.)
Van Schaack Bros. Chemical Works (Inc.)
Vernon Synthetic Chemical Corporation
(Inc.).
Verona Chemical Co
Delaware Avenue and Van Kirk Street, Philadel-
phia, Pa.
40 Rector Street, New York, N. Y. (Buffalo, N. Y.;
Marcus Hook, Pa.)
Naugatuck, Conn.
Ashland, Mass.
80 Crown Street, New Haven, Conn.
99 North Eleventh Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
P. O. Bo.x 1582, Milwaukee, Wis. (Carrollville, Wis.;
Passaic, N. J.)
4205 Bult'alo Avenue, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
Bridge Station, Niagara Falls, N. Y.
137 Sixth Avenue, Wauwatosa, Wis.
99 John Street, New York, N. Y. (Perth Amboy^
N. J.)
2923 Atlantic Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Niagara Falls, N. Y.
81 North Wider Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
60 Eighth Street, Passaic, N.J.
380 WUliamson Street, Elizabeth, N. J.
521 North Avenue, Plainfleld. N. J.
Reiber Building, Butler, Pa. (Petrolia, Pa.)
81 Maiden Lane, New York, N. Y.
233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. (Bayonne, N. J.)
Gasco Building, Portland, Oreg.
916 Parrish Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
51 Empire Street, Providence, R. I.
Northborough, Mass.
1600 Railway Exchange, Chicago, 111. (Cedar
Rapids, Iowa.)
2837 West Twenty-first Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.
1614 Merchants Bank Building, Indianapolis, Ind..
(MobQe, Ala.; Irouton, Utah; St. Louis Park,
Minn.; Norfolk, Va.; Indianapolis, Ind.)
89 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. (New Bruns-
wick,. N.J.)
709 Sixth Avenue, New York, N. Y. (Perth Amboy,,
N. J.; Niagara Falls, N. Y.)
Lawrenceburg, Ind.
611 Peoples Savings & Trust Building, Akron, Ohio.
(Nitro, W. Va.)
220 West Fortv-second Street, New York, N. Y".
(247-255 Water Street, Brooklyn, N. Y.)
339 Second Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa.
Syracuse, N. Y.
86 Forrest Street, Jersey City, N. J. (Nitro, West
Va.)
601 Canal Road, Cleveland, Ohio.
Linden, N. J. (Irvington, N. J.)
11 St. Clair Place, New York, N. Y.
Nitro, W. Va.
Highland Park, 111.
57 Pine Street, Canton, Mass.
80 Beekman Street, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.; New Brunswick, N. J.)
Bellevue Street and Jefferson Avenue, Detroit, Mich.
309 Sussex Street, Harrison, N. J.
Monticello, N. Y.
1326 West Congress Street, Chicago, 111.
99 Empire Street, Providence, R. I. (East Provi-
dence, R. I.)
136 Water Street, New York, N. Y. (Nutley, N. J.)
90 Smithfield Avenue, Providence, R. I.
203 Richmond Avenue, Syracuse, N. Y. (523 Tracy
Street, Syracuse, N. Y.)
Kalamazoo, Mich.
502 Iroquois Building, Buffalo, N. Y.
11 Cliff Street, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn, N. Y.)
Park Avenue and One Hundred and Forty-sixth
Street, New York, N. Y.
1 Hudson Street, New York, N. Y. (Brooklyn,
N. Y.)
110 East Forty-second Street, New York, N. Y.
(Curtis Bay, Md.)
4-6 Piatt Street, New York, N. Y. (Jersey City
N.J.)
3358 Avondale Avenue, Chicago, 111.
166 Vernon Avenue, Long Island City, N. Y.
26 Verona Avenue, Newark, N. J
47285— 25t-
-15
214
CENSUS OF DYES AND OTHER SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS
No.
Name of company
Office address (location of plant given in parentheses
if not in same city as office)
18?
Victor Chemical Works . --
343 South Dearborn Street, Chicago, 111. (Chicago
183
184
Wamesit Chemical Co
Warner-Jenkinson Manufacturing Co
Western Drv Color Co
Heights, 111.)
Lowell, Mass. (Wamesit, Mass.)
2526 Baldwin Street, St. Louis, Mo.
Fifty-second and Wallace Streets, Chicago, 111.
18fi
Westvaco Chlorine Products (Inc.)
415 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. (South
187
188
White Tar Co. of New Jersey (Inc.), The.
White Chemical Co., Wilbur
Charleston, W. Va.)
56 Vesey Street, New York, N. Y. (Kearney, N. J.;
Cincinnati, Ohio.)
66 Temple Street, Owego, N. Y.
ISt
Wilhelm Co., The A
Third and Bern Streets, Reading, Pa.
IW
Williamsburg Chemical Co. (Inc.)- ---
230 Morgan Avenue, Brooklyn, N, Y.
191
19''
Witbeck Chemical Corporation.
WoltT-Alport Chemical Corporation
1-24 Broadway, Albany, N. Y.
593 Irving Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.
193
Yocum Laboratories, The
168 Coit Street, Irvington, N. J.
194
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y.
195
Organo Chemico Co
1636 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio.
o
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